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Full text of "The gardeners dictionary. Containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens ; as also those which are used in medicine. ... Abridged from the last folio edition, by the author, Philip Miller ... In three volumes"

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1 


THE 

Gardeners  Didionary. 

Con^ning  the  Methods  of 

Cultivating  and  Improving 

ALL    SORTS    OF 

Trees,  Plants,  and  Flowers, 

F  O  R     T  H  E 

Kitchen^  Fruity  and  Pkafure  Gardens  \ 

A  S     A  L  S  O 

Thofe  which  are  ufed  in  Medicine. 

WITH 

piRECTiONS  for  the  Culture  of  VINEYARDS^ 
and  Making  of  W I N  E  in  England. 

In  which  likewife  are  included 

The  Practical  Parts  of  HUSBANDRY. 


Abridged  from  the  laft  Folio  Edition, 
By  the  Author,  PHJL/P  MILLER.F.K.S. 

Member  of  the  Botanic  Academy  at  Florence^  and  Gardener  to  the  Worfhipful 
Company  of  Apothecaries,  at  ^eir  Botanic  Garden,  at  Qhelfta. 

^  I>igna  numet  divini  gloria  ruris.    Virg.  Geor. 


In   THREE    VOLUMES. 


VOL.     L 


The  Fourth  Edition,  Correded  and  Enlarged. 


LONDON: 

Printed  for  the  A  u  t  h  o  r  j 

And  Sold  by  John  and  James  Rivington,  at  thq  Biils 

and  Crffwny  in  St.  PauTs  Church-Tard. 

M.DCC.LIV, 


TO    THE 


EARL  of  MACCLESFIELD, 
PRESIDENT, 

Z-/.fM>^  AND    ,TO    THE  *^A^-- 

Co^UNGiL  and  Fellows, 


O  F    T  H  E 


ROYAL    SO  CIETY 

Of     LONDON, 

For  the  ImproviDg  of 

NATURAL    KNOWLEGE, 


This  Abridgment  of  the 


Gardeners  Didlionary, 


Is  moji  humbly  Dedicated^  by 


Philip  Miller 


•  • 


0 


Work  i  and  it  is  only  the  fpeculative  Parts,  wbicb 
tre  either  abridgedy  or  wholly  omitted* 

For. 


rhe     PREFACE. 

For  J  as  the  Jirft  Dejign  of  the  Author^  in  abridge 
ing  the  Gardeners  Dictionary,  nvas  to  reduce  the  Price 
of  the  Book  fo  loWy  as  that  the  Purchafe  of  it  might 
.  not  be  too  great  for  the  praSiical  Gardeners ;  and^ 
clfo  to  prevent  others^  who  he  had  great  Reafon  to 
believe  intended  to  have  undertaken  fuch  a  Perform- 
nnccy  in  Prejudice  of  the  Author's  Right  to  the  Be- 
neft  of  his  own  Labour ;  and  that  the  Book  might 
be  rendered  more  ufeful  to  thofe^  for  whofe  InJlruSiion 
it  was  principally  intended  i  fo^  if  the  Addition  of 
new  Matter^  which  is  included  in  the  lajl  Folio  Edi-^ 
tiony  had  been  omitted  in  this,  the  Public  might  have 
ffieemed  it  an  imperfeSi  fVork. 

But  in  this  the  Author  has  bad  a  particular  Re^ 
gard  to  his  Jirfi  Intention^  and  has  carefully  avoided 
the  inferting  any  things  which  might  be  fuppofed  not 
fo  effential  to  the  PraSlice  of  the  Art ;  which  would 
have  fwelled,  the  Book^  and  thereby  augmented  tts 
Price  ;  but,  at  the  fame  timey  has  not  omitted  any 
Article,  which  may  be  of  Ufe  to  thofe  who  are  em- 
ployed in  the  ProfeJJion. 

fthe  Alterations  which  are  made  in  this  Edition^ 
are  chiefly  in  the  Latin  Names  of  the  Plants ;  which 
was  not  done  with  any  Defign  to  depreciate  the  former 
'  Editions :  But,  as  there  are  many  of  thefe  new  Names 
of  the  Plants,  much  more  in  Ufe  than  the  former  old 
cnes^  fo  the  Work  would  have  been  efleemed  very  im<* 

perfeS^ 


The    PREFACE. 

ferfeB^  had  tbefe  been  wholly  omitted.  But,  in  tbi 
doing  of  this,  there  has  been  great  Caution  ufed^  not 
to  change  more  of  their  Names  than  was  abfolutely 
necejfary^  either  for  the  properly  di^inguijhing  of  the 
Genus  or  Species  of  the  Plants :  For,  as  many  of 
the  Exotic  Plants  which  had  been  long  cultivated  in 
the  Englifh  Gardens^  had  not  produced  Flowers  or 
Fruit  in  this  Country ;  fo  their  generical  Charadlers 
were  unknown  to  the  former.  Writers  on  Botany  i  and 
therefore  a  great  Part  of  thofe  Plants  were  titled  by 
vague  Names :  But,  as  many  of  tbefe  have  flowered 
of  late  in  Europe,  and  the  CharaElers  of  others,  which 
have  not  produced  either  Flowers  or  Fruit  here^  have 
been  communicated  by  Perfons  of  Skill  from  abroad ; 
fb  the  ranging  of  the  Plants  under  their  proper  Heads 
is  now  better  underftood^  and  the  Science  of  Botany 
rendered  more  complete. 

And  as  there  are  many  Perfons  of  Diflinilion  in 
England^  who  are  pleafed  to  honour  the  Art  of  Gar^ 
deningy  by  making  it  a  confiderable  Part  of  their 
Amufement ;  and  who  have  been  greatly  affifling  in 
the  introducing  of  large  Numbers  of  new  Plants, 
Shrubs,  and  Trees^  into  the  Engli(h  Gardens ;  and 
as  fome  of  thofe  noble  Perfons  have  ftudied^  the  Sci-- 
ence  of  Botany,  and  are  well  acquainted  with  the 
CbaraSlerSy  and  true  Names^  of  the  Plants ;  fo  their 
Example  will  render  it  neceffary,  for  the  Profeffors  of 
Gardening  at  leafl,  to  know  the  Plants  they  cultivate 

h 


The    PREFACE. 

hy  their  proper  Titles,  lebicb^  for  their  fakes,  are 
here  inferted^at  the  fame  time  that  the  former  "En^xQx 
Names  are  fill  retained,  to  all  ibofe  •which  had  any  5 
fo  that  it  will  not  be  dijicult  frr  any  "Berfon  to  turn  to 
the  PlantSy  by  having  recourfe  to  the  Engliih  Index  % 
vjhich  is  made  as  complete  as  pojjible,  with  References 
to  the  Latin  Names,  under  which  they  are  ranged. 

As  to  the  other  Alterations  which  are  made  in  the 
fraBical  Parts  of  Gardening,  they  are  fucb  as  late 
Experience  has  warranted,  and  fucb  as  the  PraBice 
of  the  befi  Gardeners  confirms,  as  the  properefi  Me- 
thod of  Culture :  So  that,  upon  the  Whole,  this  U^ork 
is  rendered  as  complete  a  System  o/'practi- 
CAL  Gardening,  at  the  prefent  Knowlege  of 
Vegetation  canfupply. 


THE 


THE 


Gardeners    Didionary. 


Vol.  I. 


A  B  A  B 

E6ELE  Tree,     f^iA  fum  ^iSattte.   Ti.n,.     The  Silver 
L  Popului.  or  Yew-leav'd  Fir  tree. 
9       ABIES  f   The  Fir-         z.  Abies  imwen  felh.frMHH  di- 
jj  tree.  erfum  i^ftixt.  laam.  The  Commoa 
D       The  CharaBtri  of  Fir  or  Pitch-tree  ;  fometimea  called, 
rei  The  Karwy  or  Spruce  Fir. 
h  h  *vtr-greeBi  tbt  tta-vii  art  3    Abies  A/mr,  ftainatii  /tliii, 
//"gli,  amdf  far  the  vuji  fart,  pra-  P^irginiana,  taKis  farvu  fubrotvtidUt 
*KiJ  on  twry  SiJi  thi  BrBiicbtn   iht  Flak.  Aim.    The  firginiaM  Firtret, 
H^U  Fiatverj,  tr  Caliim^are  flactJ  with   fmall   roundilh   Conev   Con- 
n  remtlt  DiftaMclt  fram  ibi  Trust  ea  motily  called  Hemloclc  Fir.    . 
tht  faKu  Triti    the  Sttdi  mri  pri-        4.  Abies  pitt^  filU^  fmSu  Ioji- 
incii  ia  Ctnn.  lubicb  art  /quatnaft.  gi£!m,  d^trfum  ixJUxi.     The  Yew- 
The  Difference  between  cheTe  and  leav'd  Fir-tree,  with  long  hanging 
the  Pin»is,  the  latter  having  two  Cones,  commonly  calted,TheLQtig* 
or  more  Leaves  [woduced  out  of  coned  Cimifi  Fir. 
each  Sheath  or  Cover.                               ;.  Aiiis  pkiie  felili  hrmibiit. 
The  £/«rw  of  this  Tree,  which  ctnii  miniaii.    Rand.     The  Pitch- 
aieatprefentto  beroundintheZaj;-  leav'd  Fir-iree,  with  fmall  Cones, 
iiji)  Gardetu,  arc  ;  commonl)'  called,  The  Sttffcund- 

I.  Abies  taxi  filie,  fruau  fur-  &W  Black  Spruce  Fir. 
,     Vou  I.  B  6,Aaiu 


A  6 

6.  Abies  ^ce^e  filiU  ire*uioriBuf, 
tonis  partis  biunciaUhuslaxii,  Rafid, 
The  (hortcft  Pitch-leav'd  Fi^-tree, 
with  ioofe  Cones»  commonl/  called. 
The  Ni'w/oundUttJ  White  Spruce 
tir. 

7.  AbiBS  taxi  ftliiSf  odora^  Bal- 
Jkmi   QiUadittfii.    Rail  Hifi,     Aff, 

The  Balm  of  GiUai  Fir,  vulgo, 

■8.  Abie%  foliis  pralongis^  pinum 
JimulaMs.  Rait  Hifi,     Fir-tree  with 
long  Leaves^  refembling  thofe  of  the 
Pine-tree. 

9.  Abies  Orient  alls  ^fdUhrwi  y 
tetrag^no^  ffruSln  iHimkui^  deorfum  in' 
fiex;  7oum,  Cor.  Eaftent  Fir-tree, 
with  (hort  fquare  Leaves,  and  fmall 
Fruit  hanging  domiward. 

10.  Abies  majw  Sinenfis,  ptSi- 
uatis  taxi  foUis  fubtus  c^efiisy  conis 
graiuKorihui  furfum  rigeutibus^  foli- 
aruM  ^  fquamarum  apiculis  Jpinofa. 
fluk.  Amalth.  Great  Fir-tree  of 
dbina^  with  YcW-leaves,  large  Cone» 
growii^  upright,  and  the  Points  of 
the  Leaves  prickly. 

11.  Abies  maxima  SiKenJu^  pe- 
Bimaiis  taxi  foliis^  aficulis  non  /pi- 
nofis.  PluJt,  Amalth.  Greateft  Chifia 
Fir-tree,  with  Yew-leaves  not  prickly 
at  their  Points. 

The  ^t^  and  fecond'Sorts  of  Firs 
are  very  common  in  moft  Gardens, 
andPJaivtacions  of  ever-jgreen  Trees. 

The  iirft  grows  in  great  Plenty 
about  Straibitrghi  and  feme  other 
Parts  of  Germany ;  from  whence  the 
Turpentine  is  brought  to  England; 
tho'  I  believe  it  is  not  a  Native  of 
thofe  Countries,  but  has  been  brought 
thither  from  the  Le^vant,  The  moil 
beautiful  of  thefe  Trees  are  growing 
upon  Mount  Olympus ^  from  whence 
I  have .  received  Cones,  which  were 
upward  of  a  Foot  in  Length.  Dr. 
^ouruifort^  in  his  Travels,  mentions 
the  Firs  of  Mount  Olympus  as  the 
moil  beautiful  Trees  in -the  Levant. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  very  common 


ill  the  Woods  of  Kor^ay^  at>d  is  tie 
Tree  that  afF(frds  the  White  Deals : 
thefe  grow  in  the  Yalleys  where  the 
Soil  is  very  deep. 

Some  of  the  modern  Botanifts 
have  reduced  aH  thefe  Sptcies  to' 
two,  which  are  tht  Silver  and  Spruced 
Pirs,  making  the  others  only  femi- 
nal  Varieties ;  but,  from  repeated  - 
.  TriaU,  I  never  could  find  any  Va- 
riation in  the  Plants  raifed  front' 
Seeds  of  any  of  the  Kinds  here  men- 
tioned, except  the  common  Spruce 
Fir ;  from  the  Seeds  of  which  I  have 
obferved  fome  Difference  in  the 
Length  and  Breadth  of  their  Leaves,  . 
as  alfo  in  the  Size  of  their  Cones  9 
and  I  verily  believe  the  tong-conVl 
Comijh  Fir  to  be  only  a  Variety  of 
the  common  Spruce  Firi  altho^  I 
have  been  aiTured  by  fome  Perfons 
in  the  Weft  of  Englandi  that  the 
Seeds  were  originally  brought  from 
America, 

To  this  Genus  of  Fir,  Dr.  Lin- 
n/eus  has  joined  the  Larch-tree  and 
Cedar  of  Libanusy  from  the  Agree- 
ment there  is  in  their  Flowers  :  but 
&s  they  have  been  always  feparated 
by  the  former  Botanifts,  on  ac- 
count of  their  Number  of  Leaves 
produced  from  the  fame  Cover,  I 
ihall  follow  their  Example,  left  the 
being  too  much  attach^  to  the  new 
Method  may  occaiion  COnfufion, 
I  would  willingly  avoid.  • 

The  third  Sort  was  forihcrlygrow- 

ing  in  the  Bifhop  oiLondonz  Garden 

at  fulham  ;  and  of  late  Years  there 

has  been  a  great  Number  of  the     ■ 

Trees  raifed  from  the  Cones  which 

have  been  brought  from  America. 

This  Sort  is  very  handy  in  refpeft     ' 

to  Cold  5  but  it  fhould  have  a  moift 

Soil ;  for  in  dry  Land  it  makes  very 

little  Progrefs.    This  never  grows 

to  be  a  large  Tree  in  its  native  Soil, 

and  fhoots  its  Branches  out  horizon* 

tally  to  a  great  Diitance,  and  is  Aot 

.     Co 


A  B 

t>  bcttntiful  a  Tr^,  sm  the  other 
Sorts  of  Firs. 

The  fourth  Sort,  as  is  before- 
mentioned^  I  fuppofe  to  be  only  a 
Variety  of  the  common  Spruce  Fir, 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  Clofe- 
aefs  of  itB  Loaves^  and  Lsftgth  of 
the  Cones. 

The  fifth  and  flxth  Sorts  are  Na- 
tives of  the  cold  Parts  o^  America, 
growing  as  hx  North  as  Cam/da ; 
but  they  never  make  large  Trees 
fo  far  North,  ^ir  ofilal  Height  be- 
ing from  twenty  to  thirty  Fttt;  but 
in  Nenv'Engiand  they  grow  much 
taUer.  The  Branches  of  thefe  Trees 
are  ufed  by  the  Inhabitants  of  Amt- 
ficdf  to  Slake  Spruce  Beer,  which 
hasoccafioned  their  Name  of  Spruce 
Fir.  They  dtftinguifii  three  Sorts 
«f  diis  Tree  ;  w«.  WhiCCi  Black, 
and  Red  ;  but,  from  the  Plants 
Whxh  faave  been  raiM  in  England, 
it  does  not  appear  there  are  mwe 
tlian  two  Sorts  :  one  .of  thefe  pro- 
duces Cones  of  a  fine  purple  Colour 
in  the  Spring,  and  the  other  pro- 
daces  them  of  a  pale  Green  :  both 
tbefe  Sorts  are  ape  to  produce  great 
Nambers  of  Cones,  before  the  Trees 
ve  of  any  Si^e,  which  checks  their 
Growth,  and  retiders  them  Dwarfs; 
fo  that  thay  are  feldom  feen  above 
tvelve  or  fourteen  Feet  high  in  Eng- 
ird l  but,  in  his  Grace  the  Duke  of 
ArgyjTs  Garden  at  fTlntton,  there 
are  ibme  of  thefe  Firs  upward  of 
diirty  Feet  high ;  and,  if  any  Judg- 
a^t  can  be  formed  of  the  Si2e  to 
which  they  will  grow,  from  their 
late  Increaife,  they  feem  to  vie  with 
•oft  of  the  Siorts  of  Firs  nOw  in  Eng* 
ioni.  The  Leaves  of  thefe  Trees, 
when  bruifed,  emit  a  very  flrong 
Scent,  and  in  warm  Weather  a  very 
clear  ftrong  Turpentine  exudes  from 
Che  Stems  of  the  Trees. 

The  feventh  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
^dmeruG^  from  whence  the  Seeds 


A  B 

have  been  brought  into  tur^pt.  This 
Tree  abouinls  with  a  clear  fragrant 
Turpentine,  which  is  commonly  fold 
in  England  for  the  Balm  of  Gileadi 
and  irom  hence  the  Tide  of  Balm  of 
G Head  has  been  given  to  this  Species 
of  Fir,  the'  the  Tree  from  whence 
the  true  Balm  of  Gilead  is  taken,  is 
near  of  kin  to  the  Piftachia-nut. 

This  Sore  of  Fir  is  the  moft  beau- 
tiful of  any  of  the  Kihds  yet  known 
while  young ;  but  in  almoll  all  the 
Places  where  thefe  Trees  have  been 
planted,    they  have  ikot  continued 
fair  above    ten  or    twelve  Years  j 
and  where  the  Trees  have  thriven 
mod  while  young,  there  they  have 
iboneft  decayed.     The  firft  Appear*- 
aace  of  their  Decay  is,  their  produce* 
ing  a  great  Number  of  Cones,  and 
Male  Flowers ;    foon  after  which » 
their  leading  Shoot  turns  crooked, 
and  a  great  Quantity  of  Turpentine 
runs  down  their  Stems ;  then  their 
Leaves  fall  ofl^nd,  in  a  Year  or 
two,  they  die.     This  fudden  Decay 
of  the  Trees  has  brought  dhem  into 
Difrepute,  fo  that  few  Perfons  at 
prefent  care  to  plant  them  ;   for  the 
iame  has  happened  in  mod  Soils  and 
Situations ;  nor  have  1  feen  any  free 
from  this  Accident,  except  at  hia 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Be/l/erd's  at  ^». 
hum-j^hhey  ;    where,  in  that  noble 
Plantation  of  ever-greenTrees,  there 
are  Numbers  of  confiderable  Growth 
which  yet  remain  in  good  Health. 
The  Soil  in  which  thefe  are  planted, 
is  a  deep  Sand,  fo  that  their  Roots 
may  ftrike  deep,  without  meeting 
any  Obftra£lion,  to  which  the  pro- 
fcnt  Vigour  of  the  Trees  is  imputed. 

The  eighth  Sort  Was  difcQvered  in 
t\it  Levant  by  Dr.  Tc.^nejort,  who 
fent  the  Cones  to  the  Royal  Garden 
at  Paris,  This  Kind  of  Fir  is  very 
common  in  the  Mountains  of  the 
Archipelago^  from  whence  the  Cones 
may  be  eafily  procured.  It  has  alfo 
B  z  been 


A  B 

been  feattd  tn  Iftria  and  Dalmatia ; 
aad  it  may  probably  grow  in  many 
otber  Places. 

Tbe  otkcr  two  Sorts  are  very 
common  in  Chinm^  from  whence  I 
have  received  Seeds^nd  Branches  of 
both  Kinds ;  but  the  Seeds,  having 
been  taken  cue  of  their  Cones  be- 
fore they  were  brought  over^  had 
dried  a|s  and  loft  their  Germ,  fo 
tha/t  none  of  them  grew :  therefore, 
whoever  is  defiroas  co  propagate  any 
of  the  coniferoQs  Trees,  (houJd  have 
che  Cones  gathered  when  ripe  (be- 
fore they  open,  and  let  out  the 
Seeds),  in  whkh  the  Seeds  will  con- 
tintle  freih  a  long  time :  for  if  the 
Seeds  ape  taken  out  of  the  Cones, 
they  will  not  retain  their  growing 
Qaalfty,  lb  as  to  be  transported  from 
one  Country  to  another,  at  any 
confiderable  Difiaoce. 

Thefe  Sorts  are,  at  prefent,  very 
rare  in  England:  the  ninth  was  for- 
merly growing  if»«tbe  Garden  of 
Mr.  Edward  Mat-gan  in  fTrflmimJUr^ 
n  Branch  of  which  Tree  was  given  to 
Mr.  RMjby  Mr. Dvody^  who  was  a  very 
carious  Botanifl ;  but  this  Tree  bs^ 
been  dedroyed  many  Years  ago« 
The  Leaves  of  this  Tree  are  much 
longer  than  chofe  of  any  other  Kind 
of  Fir  yet  known ;  bat  as  there  have 
not  been  any  Cones  of  thefe  Trees 
biDught  into  England^  I  do  not 
know  how  they  diSer  in  their  Cones. 
The  Seeds  which  1  have  received 
were  larger  than  thoie  of  any  other 
Fil'  yet  knows. 

Thefe  Trees  are  all  laifed  from 
^eeds  taken  t>ut  of  their  polylper- 
moas  Cones.  The  way  to  get  oat 
the  Seeds  is,  either  by  ^xpoune  the 
Cones  to  a  ^ntle  Fire,  or  by  leak- 
ing them  all  Night  in  Water,  which 
will  caufe  their'  f^quamofe  Cells  to 
open,  and  readily  emit  their  Seeds. 
The  former  Method  is  the  beft,  pro- 
vided they  are  not  pepofed  to  too 


A  B 

great  Heat.  But  this  ought  not 
to  be  done  until  you  are  ready  to 
fow  them ;  which  is  bed  performed 
in  the  Mkidle  or  Latter -end  of 
Martb, 

Thefe  Plants  (hoold  be  all  raifed 
in  a  Nttriery,  where  they  may  be 
proteded  from  the  Birds ;  otherwife 
they  will  be  in  Danger  of  being 
dellroyed  when  they  hrftcome  opr 
•for  as  they  bring  up  the  Hulk  of  the 
Seed  on  the  Top  of  che  Plant,  the 
Birds  in  picking  oflF  the  Hufk  wiU 
bneak  off  the  Plants,  whereby  a 
whole  Bed' may  be  loft  in  a  few 
Hours,  if  they  are  not  carefully 
guarded  frbm  them. 

The  beft  time  for  (owing  of  thefe 
Seeds  is  about  the  Latter-end  of 
March^  or  the  fieginniog  of  Jfril, 
on  a  Bed  of  light  Earth,  covering 
the  Seeds  about  half  an  Inch  deep 
with  the  fame  Sort  of  Earth.  If 
this  Bed  h  netted  over,  to  keep  off 
the  Bird$,  it  will  be^a  fecure  Method 
to  prevent  them  firom  deftroying  the 
young  Plants  at  their  firft  coming 
out  of  the  Ground ;  at  which  time 
the  Plants  (hould  be  fcreened  from 
the  Sun  in  the  Middle  of  the  Day, 
by  covering  the  Beds  with  Mats; 
becaufe  too  mudi  Sun  frequently 
deftroys  theie  Plants  when  they  are 
young.  In  this  Bed  the  Plants  (hould 
remain  until  the  following  Spring ; 
when  there  (houki  be  a  N  umber  of 
Beds  prepared  in  the  Nurfery  to  re- 
ceive (hefe  feedling  Plants ;  and  the 
Beginning  of  ^frii  they  Ibould  be 
tranfplanted  •  into  the  Beds,  at  the 
Diftance  of  fix  Inches  Row  from 
Row,  and  at  three  Inches  afunder 
in  the  Rows.  In  removing  thefe 
Plants,  they  (hould  be  yery  care- 
fully raifed  up  with  a  Trowe*,  fo  as 
not  to  break  off  the  Fibres  of  tlieir 
Roots;  and  they  (hould  be  kept  .as 
little  time  out  of  the  Ground  as  pof- 
fibie;  and  during  the  time  they  are 

out. 


A  B 


out;  ditir  Roots  ftcmU  be  co?ered, 
to  prevent  the  Wind  from  diyiog 
Acir  Fibres :  and  in  pUnting,  the 
£arth  ihould  be  prefied  dofe  to  the 
Roots  of  the  Plants,  to  prevent  the 
Air  from   penetrating  the  Ground 
to  the  Roots  of  the  Plants.  *  If  the 
Scalbn  fliould  prove  dry,  it  wiU  be 
proper  to  water  the  Plants  every 
Week  once  or  twice,-  according  to 
the  Warmth  of  the  Weather ;  and 
the  Beds  ihould  be.  covered  with 
Mats,  to  fcreen  the  Plants  from  the 
Son,  and  drying  Winds,  until  they 
have  taken  good  Root ;  after  which 
time  they  will  require  no  farther 
Cue^  bnt  to  keep  them  clear  fron^ 
Weeds.     In  thele  Beds  the  Plants 
nay  remain  two  Years ;  at  the  End 
of  which  they  ihould  be  tranfplanted 
into  an  open  Spot  of  Ground ;  for 
their  Roots  will  in  that  time  meet 
^uite  over  the  Beds.     This  Ground 
&ottld  be  well  trenched  and  cleared 
from  the  Roots  of  all  bad  Weeds, 
and  made  level  to  receive  the  Plants, 
which  ihould  be  tranfplanted  about 
the  Beginning  of  Jpril,  juft  before 
they   begin    to  ihoot ;    and  if  it 
ihould  prove  moiil  Weather,  it  will 
be  of  gfeat  Advantage  to  the  grow- 
ing of  the  Plants.    In  removing 
them  out  of  the  Beds,  there  fhould 
be  great  Care  taken,  not  to  tear  oflT 
or  injure  their  Roots ;  nor  ihould 
too  many  of  the  Plants  be  taken  up 
at  one  time ;  but  rather  plant  them 
as  fail  as  they  are  taken  up,  that 
they  may  be  as  little  time  out  of  the 
Ground  as  poflible ;  for  the  drying 
Winds  which  ufually  happen  at  this 
Seafon,  will  greatly  injure  the  Roots 
of  thefe  Plants,  if  they  are  much 
expofed  thereto. 

The  Di  dance  which  thefe  Plants 
fhould  be  placed  in  this  Nurfery 
ihould  be  four  Feet  Row  from  Row, 
and  two  Feet  af under  in  the  Rows. 
This  DiiUnce  loay  by  fomc  Pcrfons 


A  B 

beth'ought  too  great;  bnt  if  they 
confider  how  th^r  Roots  fprcad  in 
the  Ground,  as  alfo  that  when  they^ 
are  planted  nearer  together,  it  will 
be  very  diiicult  to  takenp  the  Planta 
again,  without  cutting  and  tearing 
off  their  Roots,,  efpeaally  if  they 
are  not  all  taken  up  clean  at  the 
fame  time;  thefe Coniiderations  will 
have  greater  Weight  than  that  of 
the  Lofs  of  a  little  Ground,  with 
thofe  Peribns  who  have  a  regard  tQ 
the  future  Welfare  of  the  Plants. 
In  planting  of  the  Plantr,  i^  will 
be  the  better  way  to  draw  a  Line 
crofs  the  Ground,  and  to  dig  out  a 
Trench  of  a  Foiot  wide  thereby, 
into  which  thePlants  may  be  placed 
at  the  Diftance  of  two  Feet  afonder ; 
then  fill  the  Earth  into  the  Trench, 
covering  the  Roots  of  the  Plants 
with  the  finefl  Part  of  it,  fcatterine 
it  carefully  between  the  Roots  i  ana 
when  the  whole  Trench  is  filled  in, 
prefs  the  Earth  gently  down  with 
your  Feet ;  but  by  no  means  tread 
it  too  hard,  efpecially  if  the  Ground 
is  fhong,  or  apt  to  bind  too  ck>fe. 

When  the  Plants  are  planted,  if 
the  Seafon  (hould  prove  dry,  they 
fiiottld  be  watered  to  fettle  the  Eart^ 
to  then"  Roots ;  and  if  this  is  repeated 
three  or  four  times  (if  the  Seafon 
ihould  continue  dry),  it  will  greatly 
promote  their  taking  new  Root, 
and  fecure  them  from  the  Injuries  of 
the  drying  Winds. 

In  this  Nurfery  the  Plants  may 
remain  two  or  three  Years,  accord- 
ing to  the  Growth  they  (hall  have 
made ;  and  during  this  time,  the 
Ground  between  the  Plants  (houtd 
be  conilantly  kept  dean  from  Weeds, 
and  dug  between  the  Rows  every 
Spring;  in  doing  of  which^  Care 
muft  be  taken  not  to  cut  or  injure 
the  Roots  of  the  Plants !  this  is  all 
the  Culture  they  will  require  during 
their  Continuance  in  the  Nurferv. 
B  3  And 


A  B 

And  when  tliey  are  tranfpluited 
into  the  Places  where  they  are  to  re- 
inain,  the  necefiary  Care  to  be  taken 
'  16,  in  taking  them  up,  not  to  Injare 
or  cot  ofF  their  Roots,  and  to  let 
^em  be  as  little  time  out  of  the 
Ground  as  po&ble  -,  anil  when  they 
;ire  out,  to  guard  their  Roots  fron 
the  drying  Winds.  The  fureft  time 
lor  removing  thefe  Trees  is  about 
the  Beginning  of  Jpril:  tho'  they 
IDay,  and  often  are  removed  with 
^vuzcek,2xMicbaiimasi  yet  the  Spring 
lb  the  more  fureSeafon,  efpecially 
isk  moift  Land. 

Moll  of  thei^inds  of  Firs  may  be 
removed  at  the  Height  of  fix  or 
feven  Feet ;   but  thole  of  two  Feet 
tigh  are  much  better,  and  will  in  a 
few  Years  get  the  Advantage  of  chofe 
taller  Trees  :  therefore  I  would  not 
advife  the   tranfplanting  of   thefe 
Trees  when  they  are  much  above 
two  Feet  high,   efpecially  if  they 
have  ftood  long  in  the  Nurfery  un- 
removed ;  for  then  their  Roots  will 
have  extended  themfelves  ro  a  great 
Diilance,  which  will  be  cut  in  taking 
them  out  of  the  Ground  $  and  where 
^reat  Amputation  is  ufed,  either  to 
the  Roots  or  Branches  of  thefe  Trees, 
the  Quantity  of  Turpentine,  which 
commonly  liTues  from  thefe  Wounds, 
will    greatly    weaken    the  Trees. 
There  is  alfo  another  Advantage  in 
pUnting  thefe  Trees  fmall,  which 
-ts  that  of  not  requiring  Staking  to 
fecure  them  from  being  olown  down 
by  ftrong  Winds,    which    in  tall 
Trees  is  a  great  Trouble  and  Ex- 
pence  :  and  whoever  will  give  them  - 
lelves  the  Pains   to    obfer\'e    how 
much  Trees  of  two  Feet  high  exceed 
in  Growth  thofe  which  are  removed 
ol  much  higher  Growth,  will,  I  am 
fure,  be  convinced  of  the  Truth  of 
what  I  have  above  faid. 

Thefe  Trees  are  chiefly  cultivated 
Tor  ever-green  Plantations  in  Ggr- 


A  B 

dei8  and  Porks,  where,  by  their 
petual  Verdure,  they  have  a  fingulai^ 
Beauty  in  Winter ;  and  in  Summer 
they  are  not  without  ibme  Beanty, 
from  the  Contraft  there  is  between 
rhem  and  the  other  Woods,  by  tho 
different  Shades  of  Green.  But  as 
neither  of  the  Sorts  of  Firs  are  equal 
to  the  Stotch  Pine  in  the  Goodneif 
of  the  Timber,  thefe  are  not  fo  pro- 
fitable for  large  Plantations,  whidt 
are  defigned  for  Improvement  more 
than  Beauty. 

The  common  Spri^ce  Fir  is  wbac 
the  white  Deals  are  cut  from.  Thefe 
Trees  grow  in  the  deep  ftrone  Soils 
of  Nomvay  and  Denmark  ;  but  they 
will  grow  in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Si* 
tuation  in  ErrgJami,  provided  it  be 
not  within  the  Reach  of  the  Smoke 
of  great  Cities,  which  is  very  inju- 
rious to  all  thefe  Sorts  of  Trees; 
nor  do  thefe  Trees  thrive  near  fo 
well  in  dunged  Land,  as  in  fre(h 
uncultivated  Soils.     The  Difrepute 
thefe  Trees  have  been  under  for 
fome  Years  paft,   has  been'  occa- 
fioned  by  their  being  planted  too 
ciofe  together,    or  too  near  other 
Trees,  whereby  the  Air  has  been 
excluded  from  their  Branches,  whicli 
has  occalioned  moft  of  their  Under- 
branches  to  decay;  fo  that  when  the 
Trees  are  viewed  from  the  Ground 
under  their  Branches,  they  have  a 
greater  Appearance  of  dead  th^n 
living  Trees.     But  where  they  have 
.been  allowed  a  gpod  Diftance,  and 
planted  in  a  flrong  freih  Soil,  they 
have  had  their  Branches  quite  fre(h 
within  fix  or    eight  Feet    of  the 
Ground  in  Trees  upward  of  iixty 
Feet  high.     Therefore  thefe  Trees 
ihould  not  be  planted   nearer  than 
twelve  Feet  apart ;   nor  fhould  they 
be  fo  near,  where  the  Plantation  is 
more  than   three   Rows  deep  |    in 
which  Cafe  eighteen  or  twenty  Feet 
afuiider  will  be  full  near  enough, 

efpecially 


A  B 

^(jpttially  ic^h^ine  ^e  Txt^  are  de- 
igned to  have  tbeir  Branches  fea- 
thered near  the  (jround,  in  whic{i 
one  of  thip  Bpautie^  .of  the'fe  ^r^^p 
coniifts. 

The  SQver  Fir  requires  ^  ftrongcr 
•Land  than  the  Spruce ;  for  in  idrv 
.Grou|id  thejr   felaom  majce  xoucj^ 
Frogrefs ;    and  many  times,   aftcf 
they  have  ^rjved  to  a  cq^Uiderible 
^ize,    the/  ^re  ^d.efiroy^d  %v  yeiy 
dry  Seafons^  wherie  t\{p  Soil  )s  niaf- 
low,  or   too  dry.     But  when  thev 
9fie  planted  in«^pr9per  ^il,.t)iey 
grow  to  a  veiry  .I,arg;c  Size,  apd  arc 
very  beaiuifuj^  iaVing  lip  Ui)4er- 
£4e  of  their  Leayes  white,  ^nd  ti^e 
Upper- fide  of  a  darjc- green  Colour. 
The  Balm  of  Gilead  Fir  b  ftiU 
more  beautiful ;  b^c^ufe  t}ie  Brai^che^ 
of  the  Trees  ^e  cbfely  coy^ed 
yniii  Leaves  on  ^Y^ry  Side;  whereas 
the  Leayes  of  the  Silver  Fir  are  pro- 
duced only  on  two  Sides  of  tlie 
Srancbes,  fo  a^  jU>  ^pctear  quit^  JUt 
nice  a  Cpjoa^.    £ut  the  flio^^  pu^ 
ration  of  the  &alm  of  Gileii4  Fir^  in 
.)noil  Placef  wl^ereit  h^s.been  pla^t- 
ed,    has  gr/ea^y  discouraged  many 
Perfoas  froip  prppagatin^g  that  Trjee. 

The  two  Sorts  of  Newfonndland 
Spruce  Fir  are  as  yet  uncommon  in 
the  Nurferies ;  but  as  tliere  has  bqen  f 
goodQuantixy  of  tKeirCones  bro,ught 
into  Engla^  the  t^p  or  three  J^ 
Vean,  they  wjU  foon  become  com- 
mon ;  efpeciaUy  as  there  ^e  many 
Trees  of  thefe  ELinds  in  ^vfJaKff, 
.Yihkh  begin  ^.pjoodi^  Copes :  but 
as^hefe  1'rees  are  of  (fxM  Growth^ 
^•cy  are  proper,  for  fmall  Plantations 
only,  being  unfit  to  naix  with  the 
Other  Sorts  of  Fir. 

Thi^  Scoui9  Fir,  as  it  is  ufually 
called,  beipg  a  Pine,  I  ihall  refer 
that  to  its  proper  Genus  of  Pijiu/ ; 
upder  which  Article  all  the  Sorts  of 
Buroftan  and  AmtrUan  Pines  are 
Jbroujght ;    auid  as  their  Culture  .is 


A  3 

fpn^ewhat  different  from  tha^  .of  t|^ 
Fir,  the  Method  of  propagating 
them  will  be  there  fully  defcrtbed. 

The  Seeds  of  all  the  Sorts  pf  Firs 
are  eaiily  taken  out  of  their  Cones, 
which  are*  much  loofer  than '  the 
Cones  of  the  Pines ;  but  as  thefe 
dp  fo  eaiily  open  with  Heat,  the 
^eeds  generally  drop  out  in  hqt 
AN'eathei-,  and  tl^ereby  ^re  ipoifed 
from  growing  (bon  ajTter.  And  thi 
poned  of  the  Silyef  and  Balm  of 
Gilead  Firs  fall  to  Pieces  on  the 
Trees,  .1/  they  are  not  gathered  by 
the  Middle  orEnd.ofb^iJrr,  where- 
by all  t^dr  Seeds  will  .be  Joft  ;  fo 
that  whoever  is  deiirous  to  fave  their 
Seeds,  ihould  carefully  .watch  the 
tipie  of  their  ripening. 

When  the  Branches  of. thrfe  Treves 
are  cut  off,  to  trim  them  up  to  have 
Stems,  it  (houtd  be  done  gradually, 
never  cuttipj;  more  than  two  Tier 
of  Branches  in  one  Year ;  for  if  too 
ipany  Wounds  are  made  at  the  fagne 
tim,e  in  thefe  reuQous  T^ees,  tb^ 
T^rpientine  y^fjll  iijue  .put  jn  fuch 
•Qijiantities  as  .to  weaken  and  check 
th.e  Growth  of  them.  *  The  beft 
time  for  jpruning  thefe  Trees  is  in 
ieptemheri  at  >vhich  time  they  do 
not  .abound  fo  much  with  Turp^- 
tine  ae  in  the  Spring;  fo  do  not 
^leed  vnuch  ;  and  ;vvhat  does  £ow 
out  at  that  Seaion,  is  feldom  more 
than  is  neceifary  for  coyeriog  the 
Wounds,  to  prevent  the  Wei  and 
Cpld  of  the  fiicceeding  Winter  firom 
penetrating  the  wounded  Parts. 

ABJRPTANUM,  or  Southern, 
w^od. 

This  Pl^nt  is  better  knoivn  by 
its  outward  Appearance,  than  by 
any  diftind  Chara£lcrs  which  can 
be  given  of  it,  agreeing  in  moft 
Parts  with  tte  Woimwcod,  from 
which  it  is  not  eafy  to  feparate  it. 
But  as  it  has  been  diilinguffhed  from 
the  V/ormwoud  by  ail  the  ancient 
B  4  Botaniih; 


AB 


A  B 


tottnifls  s  and  the  Englijh  Name  of    ^aultm  in  met^e  formam  ftJIiziatiSs 
Southernwood  being  well  known ;  I    PiuL  Almag,    Taller  hoary  South- 


fliall  continue  this  Diilindliony  to 
avoid  confounding  chofe  Readers 
who  are  lefs  acquainted  with  Bo* 
tanical  Definitions. 
The  SftcM  are; 
t.  Abrotanum  mas  angnftifo' 
£nmmajus,  CLB,P.  Greateft  nar- 
row-leaved Southernwood. 

a.  AaaoTANUM  latifolium  inO' 
dmrum.  C.  B.  P.  Broad  -  leav*d 
Southernwood  without  Scent. 
'  3.  AnaoTANUM  fnas  fmgnfiifi' 
lium  incanum,  C.  B.  P,  Hoary 
narrow-leav'd  Southernwood. 

4.  ApROTANUM  camfeftrty  cau^ 
lieuiis  alhieantibus.  C.  B,  P,  Fine- 
Ieav*d  wild  Southernwodd,  with 
whitifli  Stalks. 

J.  Abrotanum  tampeftn,  cau' 
iicuiis  ruhentibus,  C.  B.  P,  Fine- 
)eav*d  wild  Southernwood,  with 
Tedifh  Stalks, 

.  6.  ABROtANUM  C9mpeftn  fimle 
Tsftgiiofium  H,  L.  Tangier  South* 
Crnwood,  refembling  the  wild  Sort. 
7*  Abrotanum  camfeflre  inca* 
ffum^  carljna  odore,  C,  B.P,  Hoary 
l^ield  Southernwood,  with  a  SmeU 
like  the  Carline  ThifUe. 

8.  Abrotanum  bumltf  cerymbis 


emwood,  with  frequent  Leaves  ga- 
ther^ into  a  kind  of  Pyramid. 

13.  Abrotanum  Orientali  ait" 
numm,  abfintbii  minvris  foHo,  Tcum. 
Cer,  Annual  Eaftern  Southernwood, 
with  a  Leaf  of  the  lefler  Worm- 
wood. 

14.  Abrotanum  Orienta/e,  eba^- 
mamc/i  fiUo.  Tount,  Cor.  Eailem 
Southernwood,  with  a  Chafflomile- 
leaf. 

15.  Abrotanum  Africanum^  fo- 
His  argentfis  anguftis^  fivribus  fpi^ 
cat  is ^  cafitulis  copiofw  toment9  dona* 
tis,  D.  Sberard.  Raii  Sufp.  Afii- 
tan  Southernwood,  with  narrow 
filver  Leaves,  fpiked  Flowers,  and 
very  woolly  Heads. 

16.  Abrotanum  Africmntm^  fi-^ 
His  arginteis  anguftis^  fioribus  um^ 
bellatisy  cafitulis  tomcntofis,  Raii 
Sttfp.  j^fVa»  Southernwood,  with 
narrow  filver  Leaves,  umbellated 
Flowers,  and  woolly  Heads. 

The  firft,  fecond,  third,  fourth, 
and  fifih  Sorts  may  be  propagated 
by  Slips  or  Cuttings  planted  the 
Latter- end  of  March ^   or  the  Pe- 

fanning  of  Aprils  on  a  Bed  of  frefh 
ight  Earth,  obferving  to  water  them. 


majoribus  auras,  H.  R.  Par,    Dwarf    until  they  have  taken  Root,  two  or 
Southernwood,  with  large  golden    three  times  a  Week,  provided  the 


flowers. 

^.  Abrotanum  Hi/panicum,  ai* 
Jinthii  Pontics  folio,  Ttum.     Spamjh 
Southernwood,  with  a  Pwtit  Worm  • 
woodrleaf. 

to,  Abrotanum  HiJ^amcumpa^ 
ritimum,  folio  crtfjfo  fpltndente  et  ri- 
gido*  Toum.  Spanijh  Sea  Southern- 
wood, with  a  thick  ftiining  fliff'  Leaf. 
l|.  Abrota?9Um  mas  ex  Suri. 
nam^  molli  hirfutie  canefcens.  Pluk, 
Alrnag.  Hoary  Male  Southernwood 
from  Surinam. 

12.   Abrotanum   elatius  fubin- 
tanum^  foHis   creberrimis^  fccmdum 


Seafon  proves  dry ;  and  if  they  arc 
ihaded  in  the  Middle  of  the  Day, 
in  hot  Weather,  it  will  greatly  for- 
ward them. 

The  firft  Sort  b  commonly  pro*- 

pagated  by  the  Gardeners  near  l#;v- 

don^   to  furnifh  the  Balconies  and 

little  Courts  of  the  Citizens ;    for 

which  Purpofe  this  Plant  is  well 

adapted,  as  it  endures  the  Smoke  of^ 

London  better  than  moft  other  Plants; 

and  the  Leaves,  when  bruifed,  emit 

an  agreeable  Odour.    This  Sort  was 

formerly  ufed  in  Medicine  ;    but  of 

late  has  been  banilhed  the  Shops. 

The 


A  B 

Hie  feeond  and  third  Sorts  are  at 
prefient  more  rare  m  the  Enrli/h  Gar- 
densy  tho*  they  are  eqmdly  hardy 
with  the  odier  Sort ;  and  may  hie 
planted  for  Under-fhrobs,  in  Quar- 
ters of  low-growing  Trees,  where, 
by  the  Diverfity  of  their  Leaves, 
thef  will  afbid  an  agreeable  Va- 
ricqr. 

The  foarth  and  fifth  Sorts  grow 
commonly  in  Germany^  ^^fyf  nnd 
NarhmaUf  by  Way -fides,  and  in  bar- 
len  Phces  ;  and  are  alfo  found  in 
Eagland  by  the  Way-fide  from  New- 
nuriet  to  Zjpmr,  near  a  Village  called 
Eida,  Thefe  feem  to  be  but  Va- 
rieties from  each  odier,  and  only 
iiiffer  in  the  Colour  of  their  Stalks. 
They  are  feldom  preferred  in  Gar- 
dens, unlefs  it  be  for  Variety,  by 
fome  Botanifts.  Whoever  is  defi- 
roQs  to  have  thefe  PlantSj^  may  ea- 
fily  obtain  them  from  the  Places  of 
their  Growth,  either  the  Plants,  or 
the  Seeds ;  bat  the  Seeds  fhould  be 
^n  foon  after*  they  are  ripe ;  for 
diey,  being  very  light,  will  lofe 
their  growing  Quality,  if  they  are 
heptlong  out  of  the  Ground.  Thefe 
Hants  feldom  continue  above  three 
or  fear  Years,  when  tranfplanted 
bto  Gardens,  fo  that  new  ones 
&oa]d  be  raifed  frdin  Seed  to  foe- 
ttedthem. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  not  fo  hardy  as 
sny  of  the  former;  for,  being  a  Na- 
tive of  warm  Countries,  it  requires 
to  be  (heltered  from  the  Froft  in 
Winter.  This  may  be  propagated 
SI  the  former ;  but  ihooki  be  kept 
in  Pots,  that  they  may  be  placed 
Qoder  a  Frame  in  Winter,  where 
they  fhould  have  as  much  free  Air 
SI  poffible  in  mild  Weather ;  but  in 
bid  Froib  may  be  covered  with 
GhAs  and  Mats  to  fecure  them. 

The  feventb  Sort  (hould  be  treated 
in  the  fiune  manner  as  the  fourth 
or  fifth  Sorts,  and  is  equally  hardy. 


A6 

Thefe  will  continue  much  longer  on 
a  dry  barren  Soil,  than  when  thejr 
are  planted  in  a  ridi  Garden  Earth. 

llie  eighth,  ninth,  tenth,  and 
fourteenth  Sorts  may  be  propagated 
by  Seeds,  or  from  Slips  and  Cot- 
tings  :  if  from  Seeds,  they  (houM 
be  fown  on  a  warm  Border  of  dry 
Earth  early  in  the  Spring ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
mnftbe  conftandykqit  dear  from 
Weeds.  When  the  Plants  are  about 
four  Inches  high,  fome  of  them  may 
be  planted  into  Pots,  that  they  may 
be  removed  under  Shelter  in  the 
Winter  ;  and  the  others  may  be 
tranfplanted  into  a  warm  Border, 
obferving  to  ihade  and  water  them 
until  they  have  taken  new  Root. 
Thefe  Plants  are  fometimes  deftroy- 
ed  by  fevere  Froft,  while  they  are 
young ;  but  afterwards  they  will 
endure  the  Cold  of  our  ordinary 
Winters  extremely  well,  efpecially 
if  they  are  planted  on  a  dry  lean 
Soil.  If  you  propagate  thefe  by 
Slips  or  Cuttings,  they  muft  be  treats 
ed  in  the  fame  manner  as  hath  beea 
direded  for  the  common  Sort. 

The  deventh  and  twelfth  Sorts 
are  tenderer  than  any  of  the  before- 
mentioA*di  Thefe  may  be  propaga^ 
ted  either  by  Seeds,  or  from  Slipc^ 
as  the  former :  but  they  mull  oe 
kept  in  Pots,  and  require  a  good 
Green-houfe  in  Winter,  where  they 
(hould  be  placed  to  enjoy  as  much 
free  Air  as  poffible  in  nuld  Wea- 
ther. 

The  thirteenth  Sort  is  an  annual 
Plant,  which  rarely  produces  good 
Seeds  in  this  Country.  I'he  iurett 
Method  to  obtain  good  Seeds  i^,  to 
raife  the  Plants  towards  the  latter 
Part  of  Summer,  and  preferve  them 
through  the  Wincer,  ^which  wilt 
caufe  them  to  flower  early  the  fol* 
lowing  Summer,^  fo  that  they  w^U 
have  time  to  perfect  their  Seeds; 

whereas 


A  B  A  n 

fnltcieas  thoft  whicb  ar^  x^if^  ip        3.  Absinthium  nu^rUm»m,  U§^ 

j^eSpriAg,  will  flower  1^  in  Aur  vsndula folio,  C.B.Pip.  Se^Worjp.. 

tumn^  aod  the  cpld  Weather  will  wopdy  with  Leaves  l^k/e  Lfvendef. 
^^ome  oa  before  ^ey  have  timp  to        4.  Absiiithium  infifiduml  ahr 

f ipea  tkcir  S«p4s.  finthiq  'ifulfifri  ^iie,     C.  ^.  Pht. 

Th(  fiffiscQlh  im4  ii^tenth  Sorti  The  ip^ipul  Wormwood  is  fp  like 

farely  produce  goo4  Sce4s  in  £«•  the  cominoo,  as  not  eaQly  to  be  di- 

r^i  but  they  may  fee  eaiily  propa-  ftinguiftved,   t^^  l=>y  Op.elffPg  aji4 

f^ted  by  Cuttings  pr  Slips,  whlcji  tailing  the  Herb,  unlefs  by  fudi  a^ 

ibould  be  planted  in  Pots  i^led  with  ajre  very  ilulfi^  in  Bot^ifiy  ;  but  this 

light  fre(b  Earth,  ^nd  pfunged  iatQ  §or(  is  not  very    commonly  nye^ 

;&  very  moderjite  Hot-b^ti,  obierv-  with  ia  England, 
iog  t9  water  apd  ihaxk  them  until        S«  ABs^^rHiuM^^r^^r^y^fn^.Z^. 

they  have  taken  Ropt;  after  which  Icon.  7^3.     Tree  Wormwood, 
time  they  fiiottld  be  in^jred  io\>eaif        6.  Absikthivm   Pontic^  aMf>- 

the  open  Air  by  degrees  i  then  they  /4r^nr.    C.  J?.  /*.    jpommon  mounr 

Should  be  taken  out»   and  pl^o^  ^in  Wprmwood. 
where- they  may  have  ^e  moniing        7.  ApsiiiTiiruM  PqnticMsp  Crefi^ 

Sun,  and  Sheltered  from  the  flrong  .chvu  grati  odoris,  C.B.P,  CmdyPon^ 

Winds:   in  which  Situation  they  //r Wormwood,  of ^pleafantSmelL 
ftould  remain   till   Odober^    when         8,  h^^xy^-xviwiA  Ponticum  tmui^ 

they  fiiould  be  removed  into  the  foliupf,  <auliki^  purpurqfcenfibw^  fo^ 

Crreea-iu>ure»  and  placed  where  they  Uii  fufina  parte  *uiridioriifus.  C,B.  P, 

jiiay  «ojoy  as  mucK  free  Air  as  pof-  jMarrow- leaved  Pontic  Wprmwood^ 

£bie  in  mild  Weather^  and  muft  bs  with  ^urpliih  Suites,  and  Leavea 

frequently  refreihed   with   Water ;  greei^er  ofi  the  Under-dde. 
hoi  they  mult  be  fecured  frpra  Froft,        9.  Abs  x  NTHiu/id  Ponticu^  tepifi* 

Otberwife  they  will  be  deilroyed.  /otium  Ju/ri^cfun,    C,  B*  P>     4^* 

ABROTANUM     FOEMINA.  j«r/4«  Wormwxjod. 
j^cr  Santolina.                             .  ip.   Assinthium   Pontieup  r/- 

ABSINTHIUM.  Wormwood.  pens  wl  fupinm*  C.  B.  P.    Creep- 

.    The    CbareStrt    of    this    Plant  ing  Pontic  Wormwood.     ^ 
4ffe ;  li.ApsiNTliiuM  maritimum^  fo* 

It  hatb  am  indittrmin^ti  St^/i,  His  fupirioribus  in   aliquot  lacinia^ 

iramhing  cut  into  many  /mall  Shoots,  di'v^fis.  C.B,P.     Sea  Wprmfvopd, 

•ujhiib  art  fitmijhed  nvitb  SpiJtit  of  with  the  Mpper  L*eaves  div.ided  iat<^ 

maked  flo^wers  hanging  down^ward:  fome  Jags. 
Jhe  Leaves  an  hoary,  and  of  a  hitter         la.  Absinthium  Seriphium  Ger* 

ff-e.  manicum.     C,  B.  P.      G^maft  Sea- 


This  Genus  is  by  Dodor  Linna^s  Wormwood, 

joined  to  Artemifa,   or  Mugwort.  13.  Ausn^rfiiuu  Sef\iphium  Be/" 

AS  was  before  obferved  in  ^hrota-  gicum.  C.B.P.    Belgic  SeaWorjin*> 

Mum,  wood. 

The  Species  are ;  1 4.  A b s  i  n th  i  vm  nMritimum,  Sg^ 

1.  Absinthium   *imlgare  metjus.  ripbio  Belgico  fimile^  latiore  folio^ 
J,  B,     Common  Wormwood.  odoris  grati,  PiuL   Sea  Worm  wood* 

2.  Absinthium  Ponticum  tenui-  refem bling  the  Belgic  Wormwood » 
folium  incanum.  C.  £»  Pin,    True  with  a  broader  Leaif^  ^d  a  pleafaut 

JtoMtan  Wormwood.  SmeJU. 

15.  Ab- 


A  B 

rj.  Absiktbium  StrifMian  Gal- 
bum,  C.B.P.  J>«rr^  Sea  Worm, 
vsod. 

16.  A»sn9THiiJif  ^miSonuum 
GmlUam.  C.  B,  P.  Fraub  Worm- 
ikood. 

17.  ABsiHTRiviyi  SirifHum  moth 
Umam  emtSdmrn.  C.  B.  P.  Wiikt 
jBouacaun  Wormwood. 

18.  Absinthium  Alfimum  in" 
warn.  C.  B,  P  Uowy. .  Worm* 
wood  of  the  jiJfs.   . 

19.  Absinthium  JJpinum  cam* 
AktmhmmU.  C.B.P.  Dwarf  wbhe 
Wamwood  of  the  JIfs. 

20.  Absinthium  SeripbiuM  Hi' 
ftmiam^florg  ohiaagB.  Toum^  Sfa* 
njb  Wormwood,  with  an  oUong 
Flower. 

21.  Absinthium  H^depen/e^grafi 
sdrns^  coma  Jelication.  Pluk.  Worm- 
wood of  Jitpfo^  of  a  pleaijaat  Smell, 
vidi  a  delicate  Spike. 

22.  Absinthium  Africanumar* 
^/ccMi,  /hUo  tfermicMiato  incamo, 
OUitd.  African  Tree  Wormwood, 
with  an  hoary  vermicahited  Leaf. 

23.  Absinthium  Africamim fpi" 
CMtwn^  filiis  tcnmffimis  brt*viffims 
Migrh.  D.  Sherard,  Raii  Supp. 
Spiked  African  Wormwood,  with 
asrrow  ihort  inure  Leaves. 

24.  Absinthium  maritimum  no- 
fras.  D.  Preftm.  Raii  Supp.  Scotch 
^  Wormwood. 

25.  Absinthium  Oriontale  fru" 
^eofiim  imcanum  amplo  faho  tenuif 
fiat  divifr.  ^oum.  Cor.  Shrubby 
£aftem  Wormwood,  with  large 
Wry  Leaves  finely  divided. 

26  Ab Si  N th  I  u  M  orient ali  inca- 
Oar,  capillac40  folio^  floribus  in  ca- 
pitaJum  congijiis.  Tourn.  Cor.  Hoary 
Haftem  Wormwood^  with  a  capiU 
laccous  Leaf,  and  Flowers  coUeded 
iato  an  Head. 

27.  Absinthium  Orientale  inc  7- 
*ui  ienuifoiiumy  JU>ihus  luteis  in 
(opitn/nm  congefis,    isf  fur/urn  fpt- 


A  B 


BantiboM.  Toum,  CSir.    Haaiy 
row-leav'd  Eaftern  Wormwood, 
yellow  Flowers  colleAed  into  ma 
Head,'  and  looking  upward, 

2  8 .  AbS  I N  TH  I U  M  Ort^ffi^ofr /BOi* 

nnm,  tanassti  fo/io,  inodorwn.  ToMra^ 
Cor.  Hoary  £aftern  Wormwood, 
with  a  Tanfy-Ieaf,  withoatSmdl. 

29.  Abs  I  NTH  1  u  M  Orientals  tonaf^ 

fohmn,  argeniium  isf  ftricenm^  flora 

magno.  Tonrn.  Cor.    Eaftera  Worm* 

wood,  with  narrow  ^vfir-colonr\l 

filken  Leaves. 

30.  Absinthium  OritntaJo  nml-^ 
gari  finale f  fid  longe  minus  aatarami 
Toum.  Cor,  £ailxrD  Wormwood, 
like  the  common,  bat  far  leis  bitter. 

3 1 .  Abs  I  n  t h  I  u  m  Orientale  tenni- 
folium  incanum^  odore  lavtnduba^  (^ 
infipidum.  Tourn.  Cor.  Hoary  nar* 
iow*leavM  EaftemWormwood.with 
a  Lavender-fmeil,  and  infipid. 

32.  Absinthium  Orientale iemd* 
folium  incanuMf  lasoendul€e  odore  i^ 

amarnmf  ftore  deorfnm  fpeBoMe^ 
Tonm.  Cor.  Hoary  narrow-leav'd 
Eaflern  Wormwood,  with  a  La- 
vender-fmtll,  and  bitter,  with  the 
Flower  hanging  down. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  is  verjr 
common  in  England,  in  the  Roads, 
and  upon  Dunghils ;  but  it  is  alfo 
planted  in  Gardens  for  common 
Ufe.  It  may  be  propagated  hy 
Slips,  in  March  or  OSober ;  or  ma^ 
be  raifed  from  Seeds,  whicii  ihould 
be  Town  foon  after  they  are  ripe. 

The  fecond,  third,  and  fourth 
Sorts  are  only  found  in  curioHS  Gar- 
dens of  Plants.  They  are  all  ea«- 
iily  raifed,  by  planting  of  Cuttings 
and  Slips  in  the  Spring  or  Autumn; 
but  if  in  the  Aatumn,  it  (hould  be 
done  the  Beginning  of  September^ 
that  they  may  take  Root  beifore  die 
cold  Weather ;  and  if  in  the  Spring, 
it  moft  be  before  they  fhoot ;  tho* 
they  may  be  flipped  any  time  in 
Summer,  provided  they  are  fluided 

from 


A  B 

At  Sun,  and  duly  .watered^ 
vntil  they  have  taken  Root.  The 
fymoM  and  Sea  Wormwoods  are 
ptat  Creepers  at  the  Roots,  and 
wiH'  feon  ipread  orer  a  large  Piece 
€i  Giound.  The  Tree  Wormwood 
rii*e$  to  be  a  Shrub  £ve  or  fix  Feet 
Ikigb,  and  is  kep(  in  Gardens  as  a 
Hairky^  and  was  formerly  preferred 
in  Green-houfes ;  but  bath  been 
finmd  hardy  enough  to  endure  our 
comoioa  Winters  abroad,  if  planted 
in  Places  ihelcered  from  the  North- 
cm  Winds,  This  Shrub  makes  an 
agvetable  Variety  in  fmall  Quarters, 
of  Ever-greens,  or  flowering  Shrubs. 
The  hoary  Leaves,  which  continue, 
all  the  Yenr  freih,  ilrike  the  Eye  at 
a  great  Didance,  and  have  a  good 
Eftcd^  in  diverfifying  the  Planta-. 
tiorn.  This  Shrub  is  eafily  raifed 
from  Cnttings  planted  in  any  of  the 
S^onrmer  MontJis  (under  an  Hedge 
et  WaH)r  where  .tbey  may  have 
only  the  mcrning  Sun ;  and  being 
ftrequently  watered,  will  take  Root 
in  a  Month  or  fix  Weeks  timev  when 
^cy  ms^  be  removed  to  any  Places 
where  they  are  defigned  to  remain  i 
•hfervihg  in  this  (as  in  many  other 
$hrubs  and  Plants  which  are  Natives 
•if  »  wanner  Cliniate]  to  place  them 
in  a  dry  Situation :  Wet,  efpecially 
kk  Winter,  is  the  moft  defbrudtive  co 
all  iheie  Sorts  of  Plants. 

The  •  twenty*fifth  Sort,  being  a 
Shrab^  muft  be  propagated  by  Cut- 
tings, after  the  manner  dired\ed  for 
the  fifth  Sort.  This  mud  be  kept 
in  Pots,  that  they  may  be  reilioved 
into  the  Green-houfe4n  Winter,  be- 
caofe  in  very  fevere  Froil  it  is  often 
deftroyed ;  tho'  in  miid  Winters  it 
will  live  in  ihe  open  Air,  provided 
it  is  planted  on  a  dry  Soil,  and  in 
a  warm  Situation. 

The  twenty-fecond  and  twenty- 
third  Sorts  are  Natives  of  the  Cape 
•fOofid  ti(fe,  ThciC  Sorts  may  alio 


A  B 

be  propagated  by  planting  eitjier 
Cuttings  or  Slips  in  any  of  the  Sum- 
mer Months,  obferving  to  water  aoA 
fhade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  then  .  they .  may  be  placed 
abroad  among  other  Exotic  PJacts^ 
where  they  may  remain  till  O^olur^ 
when  they  muiibe  removed  into  the 
Green-houfe,  and  placed  with  Myr^ 
ties,  and  other  handy.  Plants,  which 
feqaire  a  iarge.Sha're  of  free  Air  in 
mild  Weather,  and  only  want  Pra-< 
te6tioa  froriiL  fevere  Frofb.    l^hey 
will  require  to  be  frequently  wa* 
tered  in  mild  Weather,  and  ihould 
have  a  Hght  frefti  Soil.  The  twenty- 
fecond  Sort  wili  fife  to-  the  Height 
of  fevea  or, .eight  Feet  ?   but  'the' 
twenty -third  Sort  is  an  humble  Plant* 
Thefe  feldom'  produce  Seeds  in  Eu- 
r9p€. 

All  the  other  Sorts  are  low  Plants, 
which  may  be  propagated  by  their 
Roots,  maoy  of  which  are  apt  to 
creep  too  much,  fo  as  to  render  it 
difhcolt  to  keep  them  within  Com- 
pafs,  Thefe  ao  many  of  them  die 
to  the  Ground  in  Autumn,  and  rife 
again  the  following  Spring.  The 
beft  Seafon  for  tranfplanting  thefe 
Plants  \%  in  March,  jjuft  before  they 
begin  to  (hoot :  they  will  grow  in 
aimed  any  Soil  or  Situation ;  but 
the  Eallem  Kinds  (houki  be  planted 
in  a  warmer  Place  than  the  other 
Sorts.  They  fhenld  be  planted  in 
Beds  about  four  Feet  broad,  with 
Paths  two  Feet  broad  between  each 
Bed,  for  the  more  convenient  clean* 
ing  them  from  Weeds,  and  for  ga- 
thering the  Herb  for  Ufe.  The 
Diftance  which  fliould  be  allowed  to 
the  Plants  ought  not  to  be  lefs  than 
eighteen  Inches,  or  two  Feet ;  be- 
caufe,  as  tbey  are  great  Runners  by 
the  Roots,  they  will  foon  meet,  and 
fpread  over  the  whole  Beds.-  1  hey 
may  remain  in  thefe  leds  three  or 
four  Years,  and  will  require  no  otlier 

Culture^ 


A  B  A  B 

Oiltiire^    but   t0  keep  thein  clear  -    4.  AavTiL^ii  AmtrUamm^  «9N 

from  Weeds;  and  evory  Spring,  be-  fliffifM  fiUo^.  cauie^  •wilofo,  '^>im^ 

ibre. they  fhoot,  to  ctkt'olF  their  dead  The  large* leav'd  American  AbmtUx^ 

Stalkv  «nd  fpread  a  little  frdh  Earth  with  woolly  ScMks. 

over  tke  Beds.     At  w.  ich  time  you         5.  h^artliui^AmerkammjfrmBm 

ihoald  dig  up  the  Paths  between  the  /uhmtunth  ftndul^  €  <itpfuiis  nfejica^ 

Beds,  and  cut  off  the  Roots  which  riis  cri/pU    conJUto.     Rand.     Th^ 

iDajha^refpiead  into  them,  otherwife  jimgncan  Abutileny  with  roan«Kfk 

^ey  wUl  Coon  o«er-mn  the  Paths.  pendulous  Fruit,  whofe  Seed'veflol 

1  here  are  a  great  Variety  of  the  as  Tike  a  fwcUed  Bladder.     •    • 
Sea  Wormwoods,  which  grow  plen-        6.   Abvtilon  altbteoides^  ft9r% 

tifvUy  oa  tiie  fait  Marihes,  in  divers  tamtoyfru^u  gl&bofr,  Hort,  Elib.f,i^ 

JRaru  of  -SiigiMnd^  which  areindif-  Shrubby  Abutilon,  with  the  Appoar- 

foently  gathered,  and  brought  to  ance  of  Marlh-mallow,  a  ilefh-OD- 

the  Markets,  and' fold  for  the  Raman  lourM  Flower,  and  a  round  Fruit. 
Wormwood;  from  which  they  differ         7.  ABVTiLt>N  ferifloca^  actttiorh 

greatly  in  the  Colour  of  their  LeaveS)  fiiio^  ftmSu  fttiUto,    Hon     €M, 

as  alfo  in  their  Tafte  and  Smell :  /.  4.    Abutilon,  with  a  pointed  Pe* 

lut  by  many  Perfons  the  Sea  Worm-  riploca-leaf,  and  a  ftarry. Fruit. 

woods  are  prefilred    to  the  true  •  8.  Abvtilon  Amhicanum^  folh 

Raman  Wormwood,    as  having  a  bajiat$,  Jiore  amplo  purpura- ccentleoy 

firongcr  and  more  graceful  Scent ;  iongo  fetiola  infidi  nte,  Houft,     Ami- 

though  the  Raman  Wormwood   is  rican  Abutilon,  with  a  fpear-fhaped 

thought  to  be  lefs  naufeous  to  the  Leaf,  and  a  large  blue  Flower,  with 

Stomach.    However,  as  that  is  now  a  long  Foot-ftalk. 
generally  difufed,  it  would  be  to  little        9.  Abutilon  jknuicanum^  fiorg 

Furpoie  to  recommend  it ;  fince  it  albido^  fruQu  i  caffuUs  vsficarm 

would  be  diiHcult  to  alter  a  Prac-  flanii  canfiato^    ftdkuh  genkuiaPa. 

tice  which  has  been  fo  long  conti-  Martyn,  Cmt/x,  35.  Amtrican  Abo- 

Bued.  tilon,  with  a  white  Flower,  and  a 

ABRUS.    Vide  Orobus.  plain  bladder  Fruit,  with  a  jointed 

ABUTILON.  Yellow  Mallow.  Foot-ftalk. 

The    CharaSers    of  this   Piaot         lo-  ABUTii<otf  Amerkanum^  rv- 

arci  hefii  fedi'ts^  ft:re  cornea^  frudu  pen^ 

It  hath  the  whale  Affrmramct  of  tagona  a/per o,  Houft.   Ameriean  Ahfi^ 

the  Mallow,    in  hath  Lea*ve$  and  t.lon,  v,'\\h  Curran-leaves,    a  Hedi- 

Flviuerj  ;    tie  Flower  hath  u  fingle  coloured  Flower,  and  a  rough  £ve- 

Cap :  the  Seeds,   which  are  Jbaped  cornered  Fruit. 

like  a  Bdney^  are  eaeh  of  them  lodged        1 1 .  Abutilon  ATnerkamm  fnt- 

SM  a  ftparate  Celt.  teftens,  fclia  ample  cor  data  fubtmt  la-- 

1  he  Species  are ;  •  nuginofo,  floribus  ampiisJutcis.  Hxiuft^ 

I.  Abutilon.  Dad,     The  com*  Shrubby  American  Abutilon,  with 

non  Yellow  Mallow.  a  large  heart-fhaped  woolly  Lea^ 

X.  Abutilon    Indicnm,    J.  B*  and  large  yellow  Flowers. 
The  Ins^an  Yellow  Mallow.  12.  Abutilon  fruticofnm  a^aa^ 

3.  Abutilon  Carolinianum  rep-  ticum^  foUo  cordato  ftabro,- fiitre pal* 

tans^  alce/e  JcHisy  gibvo  fore*  AS.  lide  lutea,  Houft,     Shrubby  aquatic 

?hil     The  Cmrolina  Abutilon,  with  Abutilon,  with  a  rough  heart- (haped 

Leaves  like  the  Vervain-maliow.  Leaf,  and  a  pale  yellow  Fk>wer. 

13.  Aav- 


A  fi   ^ 

13.  AsvTiLON  Ammcmam  fru'^ 
ticofiunj  foliit  cordaiis,  fUrihus  par^ 
niufmfurafcintihus,  Hottft,  Shrubby 
American  AbuCiIpn«with  heart-fluipeil 
Leaves,  and  faiall  parplifh  Flowers. 

14.  Abutilon  Unmiirsf  flore^ 
fruau  crifiato.Hort.EUb.  Abutiloxi 
with  a  Flower  like  Lavatera,  and  a 
crefled  Fruit. 

15.  Abvtilon  arhfreum^  folh 
mbha^^  fru&u  vilkfoyfore  maximo, 
€X  rubre  fimvifctnti,  Houft.  Tree 
Abutilon,  with  a  Marfh-mallow-ledf, 
an  hairy  Fruit,  and  a  very  large  yel- 
lowifli  red  Flower. 

The  firft  Sort  here  mentioned  is 
an  annual  Plant,  which  is  hardy 
enough  to  come  up  in  the  common 
Ground,  and  will  perfe£l  its  Seeds 
without  any  Trouble ;  but  does  not 
tear  to  be  tranfplanted,  nnlefs  when 
the  Plants  are  very  young;  fo  that 
the  Seeds  (hould  be  Town  where  the 
Plants  are  deiigned  to  remain ;  and 
if  the  Seeds  are  permitted  to  hX\t 
they  will  come  up  the  following 
Sprii^  without  any  Care.  This  is 
'  Yery  common  in  yirgima,  and  moft 
of  the  other  Parts  ofAmtrica;  where 
it  is  called  by  fomc  of  the  Inhabitants 
Marfii'inallow,  becaufe  the  Leaves 
are  foft  and  woolly.  Thicre  is  no 
great  Beauty  in  this  Sort. 
.  The  third  Sort  is  alfo  a  trailing 
annual  Plant,  whofe  Branches  put 
out  Roots  at  their  Joints,  as  they 
L'e  npon  the  Ground  $  but  is  <k- 
Iboycd  by  Froft  in  Autumn.  This 
is  alfo  hardy  enough  to  ripen  Seeds 
in  the  open  Air,  which,  if  permit- 
ted to  fcatter,  will  come  up  the  fol- 
lowing Spring,  and  requires  no  Care. 

The  fecond,  fifth,  feventh,  eighth, 
mnth,  tenth',,  and  fourteenth  Sorts 
are  all  of  them  annual  Plants,  which 
require  to  be  fown  on  a  moderate 
Hot- bed;  and  when  the  Plants  have 
obtained  Strength,  they  may  be 
traafpianted  out  into  the  con^mon 


A  B 

GA)nad,  where  diey  fHU  pef ficA 
their  Seeds  in  Autnnn ;  but  as  tJhejr 
are  Plants  of  little  Beauty,  the/  are 
ftldom  cultivated  in  Gardens. 

The  fourth,  eljetenth,  twelfth,  and 
thirteenth  Sorts,  are  flimbby  Plants^ 
which  arc  propagated  by  Seeds  : 
thefe  muft  be  fown  npon  a  moderate 
Hot-bed;  and  the  Plants  muft  be 
potted,  and  preferved  in  a  moderate 
Siove,  otherwife  they  will  n^t  endure 
the  Coki  of  the  Winter  in  Engismti. 

The  fixth  Sort  grows  to  be  a  Shrub 
of  eight  or  nine  Feet  high,  and  rnxf 
be  prefer\ed  thro'  the  Winter  ia  a 
Green*houfe,  and  expofed  in  Sum- 
mer in  the  open  Air,  where  it  wilt 
flower,  and  produce  ripe  Sseds  la 
Plenty. 

The  fecond,  fourth,  and  fi^ 
Sorts  are  alfo  annual  1  but  being 
Natives  of  hot  Coancries,  they  re- 
quire to  be  ratfed  on  an  Hot-bed  in 
the  Sprio^ ;  and  muft  be  afterwards 
tranfplanted  into  Pots,  and  plunged 
on  a  frefh  Hot-bed,  in  order  to 
bring  them  forward,  otherwife  they 
will  not  perfed  their  Seeds  in.  th»  . 
Country. 

The  fifteenth  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
the  Weft-lndUi.  The  Seeds  of  it 
were  fent  from  the  North  Side  of 
Jamaic€z.  This  grows  to  the  Height 
of  ten  or  twelve  Feet,  and  makes 
an  handfome  Appearance  :  the 
Flowers  are  very  large,  and,  at  their 
firft  Opening,  are  of  a  pale-red  Co- 
lour ;  but,  as  they  expand,  change 
to  a  yeliowifh  Colour,  ari  iare  of 
fhort  Duration. 

It  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
mnft  be  fown  upon  an  Hot-bed  in 
the  Spring,  and  afterward  n;aiiaged 
as  hath  been  diief^ed  for  the  o^er 
tender  Sorts  before-mentioned  ;  and 
mufl  be  preierved  in  a  warm  Stove, 
otherwife  it  will  not  live  thro'  the 
Winter  in  Enghnd,  In  Summer  it 
fhould  have  a  large  Share  of  free 

Air 


AC  AC 

^  itt  warm  V/canAtTp  and  be  fr«*  Plknt.    yam.       Large  four-hcv^d 

^oently  wtLtcred.    It  flowers  m  Jufy  Acacia,  with  twifted  Fods. 
«fedi/«j:i^»  and  with  Cafe  will  ripen'       8.  AcaCia  Amtricana  fruttfctn 

Seeds  in  Emgiand.  non  aadeaim^Jiorefurfureo  Plum^Cat^ 

ACACIAy  Egypiidtt  Thora,   er  Shrubby  Ainencan  Acacia^  withoot 

Bmdiiig  Bean-tree.  .Thorns,  oad  a  purple  Flower, 

The    C^ara^irs    of   this    Tree  g,  Ac acik  non  Jpinofa^ /art  idho^ 

Wttj  Jiiknittilms    Un^s  ;  fpliorum   pinnis 

&  hath  a  imia/^ta  Flower^  cn^  iatiufcmiis^  glabris  &  aurUis^  tiwft. 

J^Hwg  af  omt  heaf^  nvitk  manySia*  Acacia  withoutThorns*  havii^  whito 

mhm  4r  7hr9Mts^  *uAfid>  are  maty  of  Flowers.  With  long  Filaments,  and 

thtii  fUtSed  /4tf9  a  kiui  •/  Sfhert  broad  fniooth  Leaves, 

w*  Gkht :  the  Fmntalef  the  Flvwer  lo.  Acacia  bumilis^  non  Jfinofit^ 

eift&wani  heeemet  a  Pad^  in  ivbicb  feltisfuhtu*  incanis^  forum  fiamimbue 

are  iiickulid  finferal  Seeibf  each  of  iongis    ruhentibus,     H.uft,      Dwai( 

^bkb  itfefarattd  by  tranfiuerfe  Dim'  Acacia  without  Thorns,  having  red 

fhragmr,  ktmd  are  gefreru/fy  furrotttfdai  Flowers  with  long  Filaments. 

neitb  a  fweitifb  Pu/p.  it.  Acacza  Jmericaaa,  /ten /pi* 

Tibe  'Species  of  this  Tree  are ;  ao/ot  fore  pmrfureo^  faminibmt  /mt^ 

I.  Acacia    Americana^    abrade  gij/tmis^  fiiquis  pianis  viUofis^  ptmtii 

fiiUff    triacanthosf  fi^e  ad  axiHas  fpliorum  tenaiffims.    Heuft,       Ame* 

fia^rmm  Jpiaa  tripUci  denata,   Phtk.  ricam  Acacia  with  Thorns,  having 

Mantifx^    .The  Amirican  Acacia^  purple  Flowers,  wttlv  very  long  Fi- 

with  triple  Thorns,  or  the  larger  laments,  flat  hairy  Pods,  and  very 

tiiom*d  Acacia,  comnioniy  called  narrow  Leaves, 

the  Locoft-tree  in  the  Wtfl-btdiej.  1 2.  Acacia  fpinefa^foliernmpin^ 

a.  Acacia  abrum  foHis^  triaeait^  ms  tenuij/imis  giabrif^  fi^ribut globo* 

thes^   eoffitla    imati    tt^tum  femem  fis  htteii^  fpinis   i<mgiffimis,    Homf, 

duMdeate.     Catesb.    Hift.     CareHn,  Prickly  Acacia,  with  very  narrow 

Yd,  i.  /.  1 3.     The  Water  Acacta.  fmoothLeavesjroundyellowFlowerSy 

3.  Acacia  vera,   J,  B,     The  and  very 'long  Thorns. 

tinsi  Egyptian  Aatciz,  13.    Acacia    nM  /piw/a,  fore 

4.  AcACf  A  Indica^  filHs  fcerpiei'  albo^  feliorum  finnis  latiufculis  gla^ 
htUgumhiofteyfiliqwifiifdrteretibus  hris^  fliquis  iongis  plajtis.  Houfl, 
refimfie,  H.  L  The  Indian  Acacia,  White  flowering  Acacia  without 
With  taper  refinons  Pods.  Thorns,  having  brood  fmoothLeaves, 

S;*.    Acacia  fmi/is  Mexteean/t^  and  long  flat  Pods. 

ffinis  cernm  JrmiHbsu,    Breyn.    The  14.  Acacia   non  fpinofa^  tenni- 

great  homed  Acacia,  nmlgo*  fi^'o^  tnllofa^  floribus  giobofis  aibis^ 

6.  Acacia  quodammodo  accedens^  fliquis  brt*vibushirfiUis.  Houft,  Nar* 
ffoe£eratia  i^  Acttda  media  Jamais  row-leav'd    hairy    Acacia   without 

cnfis  fpino/ay  bigeminatis  fotiis^  fof  Thorns,  having  round  white  Flowers, 

<*frj  fiaminrisp  atro  ^TeTtte/hiSn^f'  and  Ihort  hairy  Pods. 

b'qttis  ht^rtij.  Plnb,  Phyt.     Acacia  15.  Acacia  non  ffinofa^  latiere 

^th  branching  Leaves,  and  twifled  folio  viHrfo^  floribus  gloUfs  mlbis^ 

I^.  fliquis     brevibus     hirfutis,     Houfi. 

7,  AcAci  K  esrberea  mayor  fpinofa^  firoad-leav'd  hairy  Acacia,  having 
^nnit  quatufr  mayoribus  fnbrotundiSy  round  white  Flowers,  and  fliort  hairy 
filiqms  itarie  ItttntU*  Slttm,  Cat.  Pods. 

16.  ACA" 


AC 

t 

tS.  AcACtA  »Mr  J^nofiif  Jbrihitf 
^(Aofis  mlhit^  f9UorMm  fim/is  ttnuif- 
finis  glairif ;  filiquh  adfingmU  grana 
tumiais,  Houft.  Acacia  without 
Tbornsy  having  roond  white  Flowcrs» 
with  very  narrow  fmooch  Leaves, 
and  jointed  Poda. 

17.  Acacia  Jpino/a  tirndfiH^^J^' 
mj  JmguHs  C9mu  hownum  pit  longi* 
ttidinem  fffvm  reffretttibm,  Hmtfl. 
Cat.  Acacia  with  fingle  Thorns 
ftaped  like  thofe  of  an  Ox,  and 
leem  as  if  fplit  (hroogh  their 
Length. 

18.  hckciK  JfimfatemdfiUa^fi^ 
Jifttii  iatt\  J^nis  mmmis  reaimns 
filitariis,  Houfi.  Cat.  Prickly  nar- 
row-leavM  Acada,  with  broad  Pods, 
and  fmall  recurved  Spines,  which 
come  out  fingle. 

19.  Acacia J^ino/a  tnmifilim^flo^ 
rihus  /picatis  Inteiit  filiquis  lomgif* 
Jimis  compnjjis  Jhnns  Hbmft.  Cat. 
Prickly  narrow4eav*d  Acacia,  with 
yellow  fpiked  Flowers,  and  broad 
comprefTed  Pods,  which  are  yellow. 

20.  Acacia  Americana  eormgera. 
Joints  crajfiwihus  W  mgrieantibus. 
Honed^mencan  Acacia,  with  very 
thick  black  Spines. 

21.  Acacia  non  Jpino/a  tetmifolia 
ntiliafa^JiUfiiis  latis  sntortrs.  Smooth 
narrow-leavM  hoary  Acacia,  with 
broad  twifted  Pods. 

21.  Acacia  Jmericana  tetra- 
fhyUa  if  Jfinofa^  floribus  gUUfis^ 
fiaminihus  florum  longis  rubtatibus. 
Prickly  foar-leav'd  Acacia,  with 
globoQS  Flowers,  having  long  red 
^tamnm, 

2^.  Acacia   Americauay  faginis 

fohisy  tetraphyHa^  fiifuiUs  ftaminofit 

in  J^cam  dtpofitis,  Pluk,  Amaltb,  4. 

Four-leavM  American  Acacia,  with 

fiaminous  Flowers  difpofed  in  Spikes. 

24.  Acacia  nm  ffimfa^  Jtlifuis 
iatis  compreJIisy  finnh  foliorum  latiup 
culis  gidbrit.  Houft.  Cat.  Smooth 
Acacia,  with  broad  comprefled  Pods, 


A  c 

and  fmooth  broad  Pim^  to  tbe 
Leaves. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Acacia's  Dr. 
Pbikenit  mentions    to   have    been 
raifed  in  the  Garden  of  the  Bifliop 
of  London  at  Fulbam^    about  the 
Year    1698.    fince  which  time  it 
hath  been  raifed  in  great  Plenty  ia 
feveral  Gardens  near  London^  where 
there  are  feveral  very  large  Trees. 
This  Sort  hath  produced  Flowers  in 
the  Phyfic-garden  at  Cbcifia,  whidi 
are  very  minate,  and  of  an  herba* 
ceoos  Colour;  and  in  the  Year  1729. 
it  produced  ripe  Fruit  in  the  Gar- 
den   of  the  Bi(hop  of  London   at 
Fulbam.    The  Seeds  of  this  Tree 
are  frequently  brought  over  from 
Virginia  and  Carolina^  by  the  Name 
of  Locuft,  which,  1  fuppofe,  is  n 
general  Name  for  mod  Trees  which 
produce  Pods,  in  which  is  contained 
a  fweetiih  Pulp,    furrounding  the 
Seeds. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  very  like,  in 
the  Appearance  of  the  Leaves,  to 
the  firft :  but,  in  fome  of  the  Plants 
which  have  been  raifed  in  England^ 
there  is  a  vvj  great  Difference  in 
their  Spines ;  fome  of  them  having 
extreme  long  Thorns,  with  fmaller 
growing  out  of  them,  and  others 
have  very  few  and  (mail  Spines, 
The  Seeds  of  this  Tree  were  fent 
from  Carolina  by  Mr.  Catesby  in 
the  Year  1724.  where  he  found  it 
growing  in  a  watry  Situation.  This 
Sort  has  (hort  Pods,  containing  but 
one  Seed  in  each ;  whereas  the  firft 
Sort  has  Pods  near  two  Feet  in 
Length,  each  containing  feveral 
Seeds. 

The  third  Sort  is  the  Tree  from 
whence  the  true  Sulcus  A<aci^  is 
taken ;  which,  although  mentioned 
as  a  Native  of  Egypt,  yet  is  alfo 
found  in  divers  PArts  of  America  i 
from  whence  the  Seeds  of  this  Tree 
have  been  fent  into  EngJand,  which 

hav( 


A  C 

kve  been  raifed  in  feverd  Gardens 
Bear  Londou. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  the  mod  com- 
mon  KiikI  inyaMosca  and  Barhados^ 
and  the  other  warm  Parts  of  Ame- 
riea ;  ajid  hath,  for  the  Sweetnefs  of 
its  Flowers,  been  difperfed  through 
Boft  Farts  of  Eurjofe;  which,  altho' 
a  Native  of  the  warmer  Parts  of  the 
hdits,  yet  hath  been  made  familiar 
to  i\»  Italian  Gardens,  and  is  cul- 
tivated in  great  Plenty  in  Portugal 
and  Spaim. 

The  fifth  Sort  is,  at  prefent,  very 
T9tt  in  Efig/and,  and  only  to  be  found 
in  fome  curious  Gardens.  This 
Tree  produces  its  Spines  by  P^rs, 
vhich  are  extreme  large  and  crook  ed» 
and  of  a  whitifh  Colour ;  but  i 
don't  remember  ever  to  have  feen 
this  Sort  flower. 

The  twentieth  Sort  is  of  this  kind ; 
hot  difers  from  it  in  having  fhort 
thick  black  Spines,  which  feldom 
exceed  an  Inch  in  Length ;  whereas 
tke  Thorns  of  the  othpr  Sort  are 
often  four  or  five,  and  varioufly 
twifted,  and  are  vtry  white.  There 
are  two  Sorts  of  this,  one  with  round, 
and  the  other  with  long  Flowers, 
which  alfo  diifer  in  their  Leaves. 
The  Pods  of  thefe  Sorts  abound  with 
a  fwcet  Pulp,  which  draws  the  In- 
^cds  to  fised  upon  it,  whereby  the 
Seeds  arc  generally  dcftroyed;  fo 
that  it  is  very  rare  to  find  any  intire 
Pods  upon  the  Trees  in  the  native 
Places  of  their  Growth. 

The  fixth  Sort  was  brought  from 
the  Bahama  J/lands  by  Mr.  Catesby^ 
Jiu$  1726.  The  Seeds  of  this  Plant 
(which  ace  flat,  and  one  half  of  a 
beaatiful  red  Colour,  the  other  half 
a  deep  black)  grow  in  long  twilled 
Pods;  which,  when  the  Seeds  are 
npe;  open  on  one  Side,  and  let  the 
Seeds  out;  which,  hanging  by  a  Tmall 
Thread  for  fome  time  out  of  the 
Pods,  make  a  very  agreeable  Pro- 
VoL.  L 


AC 

tpe^.  The -Leaves  of  this  Tree 
branch  out  and  divide  into  many  Ra- 
mifications :  the  Lobes  are  roundifh, 
and  placed  in  a  very  regular  Order : 
The  Flowers  have  not  as  yet  appear- 
cd  in  England;  but  from  a  Painting 
done  from  the  Plant  in  the  Country ^ 
they  feem  to  be  very  beautiful. 

The  feventh  Sort  was  brought 
from  Jamaica^  aod  is.  growing  in 
the  Phyfic-garden  at  Cbelfta:  this 
hath  four  large  Lobes  to  each  Leaf; 
the  Spines  are  fhort,  fliiF»and  crooked^ 
and  the  Seeds  grow  in  twilled  Pods. 
This  Plant  is  well  defcribed  in  Sir 
Ham  Sloane*&  Natural  HiJIory  of  J  a* 
maica. 

The  fcventecn  lafl-mcntion'd  Sorts 
were  collected  by  the  late  ingenious 
Dr.  William  Houftoiat^  in  Jamaica^ 
at  Vera  Crux^  and  Campechy,  who 
fent  the  Seeds  of  mofl  of  them  into 
Europe^  many  of  which  are  now 
growihg  in  the  Phyjic-garden  at  Chel^ 
fea^  where  fome  of  them  have  pro- 
duced Flowers,  and  the  thirteenth 
Sort  has  produced  PoJs. 

Thefe  feventeen  Sorts  are  tender, 
and  mufl  be  placed  in  Stoves  in  the 
Winter,  apd  in  Summer  muft  be  but 
a  fhort  time  expofed  to  the  open 
Air,  and  have  a  warm  Situation. 

Thefe  Trees  are  all  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Seeds  on  an  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  which 
will  in  a  fhort  time  appear  above- 
ground,  when  you  fhould  prepare 
another  frefh  ^  Hot  bed,    which,  if 
intended  for  fuch  Sorts  as  are  very 
tender,    fhould   be    pretty  warm  ; 
but  if  for  fuch  as  are  brought  from 
the   Northern    Parts    of   America^ 
ihould  be  of  a  very  moderate  Heat ; 
then  you  fhould  be  provided  with 
a  Quantity  of  fmall  Halfpeny  Pot?, 
which  ihould  be  fill'd  with  frefh  light 
fandy  Earth  :  thefe  fhould  be  plung- 
ed into  the  Hot-bed ;  and  as  fbon  as 
the  Earth  in  the  Pots  is  warm,  which 
C  Will 


AC  AC 

Will  be  in  about  Z4  Hours,  yoafliould        The   fourth,   fifth,   and   eiehtb 

carefully  take  uptheyoung  Plants  out  Sorts  are  tenderer,  and  (hould  be- 

of  the  firH  Hot-bed,  planting  a  fingle  kept  in  the  Hot-beds  till  July,  when 

one  in  the  Middle  of  each  of  thefe  they  may  be  exposed  to  the  Air  by 

Pots,  giving  them  a  gentle  Water-  degrees,  tho'  the  GlalTes  fhould  not 

ing  to  fettle  the  Earth  to  their  Roots,  be  quite  removed  from  them  the  firft 

and  fcreening  them  with  Mats  over  Year.   Thefe  muft  be  fet  io  a  Stove 

the  Glafles  from  the  Heat  of  the  the  firft  and  fecond  Winters,  while 

Sun,  until  they  have  taken  Root ;  young,  as  being  then  pretty  tender; 

after  which  time  you  muft  give  tbem  but  when  they  are  grown  woody. 

Air,  by  railing  the  GlafTes,  in  pro-  will  endure  in  a  good  Green-houfe 

portion  to  the  Heat  of  the  Wea-  very  well,  and  may  be  expofed  in 

ther,  or  to  the  Confiitution  of  the  Summer-time,  with  Oranges,  Myr« 

Plants.  ties,  ^c. 

The  iirft  and  fecond  Sorts,  being        The  third,   fixth,   and   feventb 

very  hardy,  may  have  a  greater  Pro-  Sorts  are  very   tender    (efpeciall/ 

portion  of  Air,  and  by  Midfummer  wh|^  young),  and  therefore  ihould 

ihould  have  the  GlalTes  intirdy  taken  have  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark  ; 

elF,  that  they  may  be  hardened  to  and  as  they  increaie  in  Bulk,  Ihoold 

endure  the  open  Air  by  degrees :  be   Ihifted  into   bigger  Pots :    the 

thef^,  the  firft  and  fecond  Winter,  Earth  for  thefe  (hould  be  a  little 

ihould  be  Iheltered  in  a  common  lighter,    and  more  inclined  to  a 

Hot-bed- frame, until  they  are  grown  Sand,  than  for  the  other  Sorts;  but 

woody ;   after  which  time  (in  the  never  give  them  too  big  Pots.    The 

Spring  of  the  Year)  they  may  be  tiiird  Sort,  being  the  hardiell  of  the 

turned  out  of  the  Pots  into  the  open  three,    will,    when   grown    to    be 

Ground,  where  they  are  intended  woody,  (land  in  a  common  Stove, 

to  remain ;  which  Ihould  be  inWil-  amongft  Guav^i's,  Viburnums,  C^r. 

demefs-quarters,    or    Clumps    of  and  in  Summer-time,  in  warmWea- 

Trees>  where  they  may  be  fheltcred  ther,  may  enjoy  the  open  free  Air : 

from  the  Fury  ^of  violent  Winds,  but  the  fizth  and  feventh  Sorts  maft 

oth^rwife  they  will  be  very  fubje^t  have  a  Bark -Hove  in  Winter,  nor 

to  be  fplit  thereby.  Ihould  they  be  expofed  to  the  open 

When  ^thefe  Trees  have  arifen  to  Air  in  Sammer,  at  leaH  for  four  or . 

the  Height  of  eight  or  ten  Feet,  they  £ve  Years,  until  they  are  grown  very 

will  then  make  very  fbrong  and  vi-  woody  ;■   for  they  are  very  tender, 

gorous  Shoots  ;    which  fhould  be  and  witK  great  Difficulty  preferved 

now-and-then   Ihortened,    that  the  in  this  Ciimate.    I'hefe  fhould  have 

Hoads  of  the  Tree$  may  be  dofcr  ;  very  little  Water  in  Winter,  but  in 

and  their  Branches  by  this  means  Summer-time  will^  require  frequent 

will  be  much  lefs  liable  to  break  Refrelhings ;  tho*  at  that  Sealon  it 

^with  Winds,    than  when  they  are  (hould  not  be  givea  them  in  great 

permitted  to  remain  at  full  Length,  Quantities  at  one  time.     The  (ixtk 

and  the  Trees  will  be  much  the  Sort  i&  a  very  beautiful  Tree.    The 

handfomer.  feventh  (heds  its  Leaves  juft  before 

Thele  Plants  delight  in  a  loofe  the  new  ones  come  on ;   fo  that  it 

Soil,  rather  moift  than  dry,efpecially  is  naktd  of  Leaves  about'a  Month 

the  fecond  Sort,  in  which  they  will  or  fix  Weeks,  in  the  Spring  of  the 

ftoot  very  vigoroudy.    '  Yc;ir ;  which  has  occadoned  fome 

People 


A  C 

l^ple  to  throw  tliem  away  as  dead, 
WhciL,  if  they  had  let  them  remain^ 
they  would  have  come  oat  frefli 
again. 

The  three  Sorts  of  horned  Aca- 
da*s  are  very  often  deftitute  of 
Leares  for  two  or  three  Months,  ap- 
pearing to  have  no  Life ;  but  th^ 
win  pat  out  frefh  Leaves  toward 
Autumn,  which  is  commonly  the 
^  Scafon  when  they  are  moft  vigorous. 
Q  Thefe  (hoald  be  expofed  in  the  Sum- 
mcr-feafon,  in  a  Place  defended  from 
ib-ong  Winds ;  and  in  Winter  require 
a  moderate  Degree  of  Warmth. 

All  the  other  Sorts  here  mention- 
ed are  propagated  by  Seeds,  which, 
fcldom  npening  in  this  Counrry, 
muft  be  procured  from  Amtrica ; 
panicularly  at  Cd^r^/ri^,  where  there 
are  great  Variety  of  this  Tree,  many 
of  which  have  been  hitherto  un- 
known to  the  Writers  on  Botany. 
Bat  in  bringing  over  the  Seeds  of 
thefe  Trees,  they  (hould  be  taken 
Mt  of  the  Pods  when  gathered,  and 
put  up  in  Papers  ;  and  fiiould  have 
Tobacco,  or  fome  other  noxious 
Herb,  pat  between  the  Papers,  to 
keep  off  Infe£ls,  otherwife  the  Seeds 
will  be  eaten  and  deftroyed  before 
they  arrive  in  England:  for  the  I n- 
feds  depofit  their  Eggs  in  fmall  Pun- 
dnres  which  they  make  in  the  Pods; 
and  as  theie  are  foon  hatched,  they 
immediately  attack  the  Seeds  for 
Food,  and  eat  Holes  thro*  them,  by 
which  they  are  fpoiled  from  grow- 
ing. This  has  often  happened  to 
Seeds, which  have  been  fenc  me  from 
America, 

Acacia  G^rmanorum.  T/V/Pru- 
nas  Sylveftris. 

Acacia  Virginiana.  Vide  Ro- 
benia. 

kCh]0\J,  or  Cajou.  The  Ca- 
ftew  nuc. 

The  Charaffers  are ; 
Jhe  Cup  of  the  Flo^fr  (which  is 


A  C 

producidat  the  Extremity  of  a  Fo$i^ 
ftalk)  is  oblong  and  quinquefid:  thi 
Flower  conjifls  of  one  Leaf^  nvhich  it 
divided  into  Jive  long  narrow  Seg'^ 
ments  :  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Calyx  it 
the  Ontary^  nubich  becomes  afoft  pear* 
fiaped  Fruit ;  upon  the  Apex,  of  which 
grows  a  f^ejel,  in  which  ihcosttained 
one  kidney-jbaped  Seed. 

There  is  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  yet  known  ;  which  is. 

Acajou.  Tbev.  Franc.  AntarQ^ 
The  Calhew-nut.  ' 

This  Tree  is  very  common  in 
many  Parts  of  America^  particularly 
hi  Jamaica  and  Barbados,  where  ic 
grows  to  be  a  very  large  Tree ;  buc 
with  us  in  England  (notwithiUndine 
all  the  Care  it  can  poffibly  have)  wiu 
rarely  ftand  through  our  Winters ; 
or  if  it  i^  by  Art  preferved  in  ver/ 
warm  Stoves,  yet  i&  fo  \^ry  flow  of 
Growth,  efpecially  after  the  firft 
Year,  as  fcarcely  to  be  difcerned  la 
its  Progrefs. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Tree,  if  fowti 
in  a  good  Hot-bed,  in  the  Spring  of 
the  Year,  will,  in  a  (hort  time,  ap- 
pear above-ground  jn.  fo  flrong  2 
manner,  that  any  one,  who  hath  noc 
been  converfant  with  this  Plants 
would  imagine  it  to  be  of  a  very 
quick  Growth  :  for  I  have  knowa 
thefe  Plants,  in  two  Months  from 
the  time  of  fowing  their  Seeds^ 
above  fix  Inches  in  Height,  and  very 
ih-ong ;  which  in  about  two  Months 
time  more  have  been  at  a  Stand  ; 
from  which  time  they  have  fcarcely 
advanced  two  Inches  in  a  Year,  with 
all  the  Art  and  Skill  which  could  be 
ufed  about  them :  nor  have  I  ever 
feen  a  Plant  of  this  Kind  above  two 
Feet  high,  though  I  have  had  fome 
of  them  that  have  been  above  three 
or  four  Years  old.  They  are  alfo 
in  their  qwit  Country  of  very  flow 
Growth,  rarely  producing  either 
JFloWcrs  or  Fruits  until  they  are  fif- 
C  z  teen 


AC  AC 

teen  or  fixteen  Years  old  from  Seeds :  //  divided  into  three  Segments^  ivSicJ^ 

(o  that  the  Inhabitants  of  the  ^Ip/?-  in  the  Beginning  is  curPd  up  in  form. 

Indies  plant  them  from  large  Branches  o/  a  Jbort  Tube :  in  the  ?lace  of  tbg 

taken  from  the  old  Trees ;  which  Upper-iip  are  produced  the  Stamina, 

with  them  take  RfX>t  ytry  well,  and  furrounding  the  Ovary  ivhich  fuppori 

in  two  Years  time  produce  Fruits.  the  Pointal:  the  Cup  of  the  Flower  is 

The  Plants  of  this  Sort,  which  are  compofed  of  Leaves  ivhich  are  prickly  ^ 

yaifed  in  England^  fhould  be  planted  the  upper  Part  of  tjuhich  is  bent  over 

infmallPots  filled  with  frclh  light  likeanArcb^andfupplies  theDefeB  of 

rich  Earth,  and  muft  be  plunged  in-  the  Upper-lip  of  the  Flvwer:  the  Fruit 

to  an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  and  //  of  an  oval  Fornix  vjhich  is  divided 

often  refrelhed  with  Water.     Thefe  in  the  Middle  into  tvoo  Cells,  each  con- 

fiiould  be  kept  in  Winter  in  a  Bark-  taining  one  fingle  fmaoth  Seed, 
Hove,  amongft  the  tendered  Exotic        There  are  five  5^r?Vi  of  this  Plant 

Trees ;  and  (hould  not  be  expofed  to  be  found  in  the  Gardens  of  the 

to  the  open  Air  even  in  the  hotteft.  Curious  ;  viz, 
Seafon .  i .  A  c  a  n  t  h  u  s  fativus,  vel  mot- 

There  is  fcarce  any  Tree  which  lis  VirgiUi.  C.  B.  The  finooth-leav^d 

bears  traofplanting  worfe  than  this.  Garden  Beaf  s-breech. 
even  in    the  native   Places   of  its         2.  Ac aut hv s  aculeatus,     C,  B, 

Growth  ;  for  the  Roots  are  few  and  The  prickly  Bear's- breech, 
long,  which,  when  cut,  generally        3.  Acanthus  rarioribus  i^  hre- 

kill  the  Tree :  fo  that  when  thefe  viorihus  aculeis  munitus,  Tourn,  The 

Plants  are  (hifted  from  one  Pot  to  middle    Bear's-brecch,    with    fhorc 

another,  their  Roots  (hould  not  be  Spines. 

cut  or  broken;  nor  muft  they  be        4.    Acanthus   Lufit aniens,    am- 

often  tranfplanted,  or  over-potted,  plij/imq  folio  lucido.     The  Portugal 

which  is  fure  Death  to  them  :  there-  Bear's -breech,    with  large    (hining 

fore  the  beft  Method  is,   to  put  one  Leaves. 

good  Seed  into  each  Halfpeny  Pot,        5.  Acanthus  orient alis  hunulli- 

where  the  Plants  may  remain  a  Year,  mus,  foliis  pinnatis  aculeatis.  Toum, 

er  more,  without  being  removed ;  Cor.     Dwarf  Eallern  Bear*sreech, 

and  when  they  are  tranfplanted  into  with  prickly  winged  Leaves, 
other  Pots,  the  Ball  of  Earth  (hould        The  firll  Sort  is  what  is  ufed  in 

be  preferved  to  their  Roots  as  intlre  Medicine,  and  is  fuppofed  to  be  the 

as  poflible.     By  this  Method  I  have  nollis  Acanthus  oi  rirgil.  The  Leaves 

|iad  the  beft  Succefs  with  this  Plant,  of  this  Plant  are  cut  upon  the  Ca- 

One  Plant  of  this  Kind  flowered  pitals  of  the  Corinthian  Pillars,  and 

in  the  Garden  of  Sir  Charles  fVager,  were  formerly  in  great  Efteem  with 

at  Par/oni'Green  near  Fulham,  tho*  the  Romans. 

not  above  two  Years  old ;  but  it  foon        They  are  all  very  pretty  Varieties, 

after  perifh'd,  without  producing  any  and  fit  for  large  Gardens ;  but  (hould 

pruit.  have  a  warm  Situation,  and  a  dry 

.    ACANTHUS, Branca  XJrfina,  or  Soil.     Tiiey  are  eafily  propagated, 

Bear's-breech.  by  parting  the  Roots  in  February  or 

Th^ Chara^ers  are;  March,   or  by  6eeds  fown  at  the 

The  Leaves  are  fomewhat  like  tho/e  fame  time.     The  fecond  and  third 

of  the  Jbifile :  tbe  Flo^Mcrs  are  la-  Sorts  are  apt  to  creep  at  the  Root ; 

iiated :  the  Ucder-lip  of  the  Flower  therefore  (hould  have  room»   and 


AC  AC 

mnft  not  be  planted  amongft  other  J^lendtnte.  Piuk.  Phyt.    The  yirgi- 

Flowers,  left  they  overgrow  and  de-  nian  flowering  Maple. 

iboythem.  ^.  Aczk  Amencanum^  feiiomajo^ 

The  fifth   Sort  of  BearVbreech  re,fuhtusargtnteo^fupran)iridiffkn' 

was  difcovered  by  Dr.  lournefort  in  dente^  florihui  muliis  coccineis.     The 

•the  Levmtt^  who  fent  it  to  the  Royal  JmerUan    flowering    Maple,    with 

-Garden  at  Paris,  This  may  be  pro-  larger  Bunches  of  fcarlet  Flowers, 

pagated  by  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  6.  Acer  maximum^  foliu  trijidis 

fown  on  a  Bed  of  light  frefli  Earth  vel  quinquejidu^  Virginianum.  Pluk. 

intheSpringof  the  Year;  and  when  Phyt,     The    Kirginian   afh-leaved 

the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  Ihould  Maple. 

be  carefully  weeded,   and  in  very  7.  Acer  platanoida.  Muni.  The 

•dry  Weather  they  fliould  be  water-  Nonway  Maple,    with  Planc-trce- 

ed,  which  will  greatly  promote  thc^  Jeaves. 

Growth  of  the  Plants.     In  this  Bed  8.  Acer  platamides^  foliis  ele^ 

they  may  remain  until  the  following  ganter  n;ariegatis.    The  ftrip'd  Nor^ 

Spring,  when  they  fliould  be  care-  w/?y  Maple. 

Wly  taken   up,    and  tranfplanted  9.  Acer  major,  folio  rotundiorg 

where  ihey  are  defigned  to  remain,  mnus  laciniato^  an  Ofalus  Italorum. 

which  (hoald  be  in  a  warm  Situa-  P^t^ti  Hift.  The  greater  Maple,  with 

tion,  and  on  a  dry  freih  Soil.  Thefe  Leaves  lefs  cut,   called  Ofalut  in 

Planu  fiioald   be  allowed  a  great  Italy, 

Share  of  room  ;  for  they  are  \try  Jo.  kcEfi  trifolia,  C  B.P.  Three- 
apt  to  fpread  far ;  and  their  Leaves  Icav'd  Maple  oi  Montpilier. 
will  grow  to  a  great  Size,  when  the  i J.  Acer  Cretica,  P,  Alp.  Exot. 
Plants  axe  flrong^  fo  that  if  any  9*  Cr//i?»  Maple. 
-other  Plants  ftand  near  them,  they  12.  Acer  Or i en f alt's,  hederte  fi- 
will  be  in  Danger  of  fuflering  by  be-  ^^^'  ^'  ^^*  Eaflern  Maple,  with  an 
ing  over<fpread.  Ivy-leaf. 

ACARNA.     T/VifCnicus.  Thefe  Trees  arc  eafily  propagated 

ACER,  The  Maple-tree.  by  fowing  the  Seeds  foon  after  they 

The  CbaraSers  ^Tt  I  arc  ripe,  in  an  open  Bed  of  com- 

//  bath  jagged  or  angular  Lea<ves :  mon  Earth,   covering  them   about 

fihi  Seeds  grow  Mjjo  togitber  in  bard  half  an  Inch  thick  with  fandy  light 

-winged  Vgjfels.  Earth  :  the  Spring  following  they 

The5^aV/are;  will  appear  above-ground,   and,  if 

1.  AcBR«M/fti,  multis  falfo  Pla-  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  will  grow 
tanus.  y.  B,  The  greater  Maple^  above  a  Foot  high  the  £rft  Summer ; 
61ily  called.  The  Sycamore- iree.  the  Micbaelmas  following  J  if  they 

2.  Acer  ntajm,  filiis  eleganter  are  thick  in  the  Seed-bed)  you  may 
njariegatis.  Hort,  Edin.  The  greater  take  out  a  Part  of  them,  and  tranf- 
34ap]e,  with  flripM  Leaves,  com-  plant  into  a  Nurfery,  in  Rows  at 
monly  called^  The  flrip'd  Syca-  three  Feet  Diilance,  and  two  Feet 
more.  af under   in  the   Rows  ;    in  which 

3.  Acer  cawpefire  &  minui.  C,B.  Place  they  may  remain  three  or  four 
The  common  or  lefler  Maple.  Years,    when  they  will   be  largo 

4.  Acer  Virginianum,  folio  ma-  enough  to  plant  out  for  good. 

jortj  fubtus  argenno,  fufra  viridi  If  the  Seeds  of  any  of  ihe  Sorts  of 

C  3  Maple 


A  C 

Maple  are  kept  oot  of  the  Gronnd 
till  Springy  they  rarely  come  ap  the 
fune  Year,  and  many  times  do  not 
grow ;  fo  that  the  furefl  Method  of 
raifing  them  is,  to  fow  the  Seeds  as 
ibon  as  poflible  when  they  are  ripe ; 
and  if  the  Seeds  are  to  be  tranfport- 
ed  to  any  Diftance,  it  will  be  pro- 
per to  put  them  up  in  Sand,  where- 
by their  growing  Quality  will  be 
prtferved. 

The  firft  Sort  is.  very  proper  to 
snake  Plantations  near  the  Sea«  or 
to  (helter  fuch  Plantations  of  Trees 
as  are  too  nearly  fituaced  thereto!. 
This  Tree  thrives,  and  refifls  the 
Spray  which  is  ufually  blown  from 
the  Sea,  better  than  mod  other  Trees 
do.The  variegated  Sort  is  alfo  raifed 
from  Seeds  of  the  fame  Kind :  moft 
of  the  Plants  fo  raifed  will  be  as 
finely  ftriped  as  the  old  Plant  from 
ivhence  the  Seeds^ere  taken,  which 
3s  not  common  to  many  other  vari- 
egated Plants. 

The  common  Maple  is  too  well 
known  to  need  any  particular  Ac- 
count, it  being  a  very  common  Tree 
in  Hedge- rows  in  mod  Parts  of  Eng* 
iand:  it  is  raifed  in  the  fame  man- 
ner with  the  former. 

The  Firginian  flowering  Maple 
%vas  raifed  from  Seeds,  which  were 
brought  from  Firginia  many  Years 
Cnce  by  Mr.  J^hn^Trddefc^nt^  in  his 
Garden  at  Soutb-Lamhetbt  near  Vaux- 
helix  and  fince,  in  the  Gardens  of 
the  Bifhop  of  London  at  Fulham^ 
where  it  has  flowered  for  fevcral 
Years,  and  produces  ripe  Seeds,  from 
whence  fcveral  Trees  have  been 
raifed :  it  may  be  alio  propagated 
by  laying  down  the  young  Branches 
early  in  the  Spring,  giving  them  a 
little  Snt  at  A  Joint ;  by  which  means 
they  will  have  taken  fufTicient  Root 
by  that  time  Twelve -months,  to  be 
tranfplanced  out.  They  require  a 
Situation  a  little  defended  from  the 


A  c 

North-eaft  Winds,  cfpedally  while 
young :  and  it  delights  in  a  moift 
light  Soil,  in  which  it  will  thrire 
much  befter  than  in  dry  Groaad, 
and  will  produce  more  Flowers,  and 
better  Seeds.  This  Tree  commonly 
flowers  in  the  Beginning,  of  Aprils 
and  the  Seeds  are  ripe  in  fix  Weeks, 
or  two  Months  after  ^  at  which  time 
they  (hould  be  fown  ;  for  they  are 
very  apt  to  periQi,  if  kept  long  out 
of  the  Ground. 

The  other  flowering  Maple  was 
fent  from  America  to  Sir  Char  Us 
Wager ^  and  flduriflied  feveral  Years 
in  his  curious  Garden  at  Parfins' 
Green  near  Fulbam,  The  Flowers 
of  this  Kind  come  out  in  very  large 
Cluflers,  and  furround  the  younger 
Branches,  fo  as  to  appear  at  a  fmall 
Diftance  covered  with  them.  This 
Tree  is  now  become  pretty  plenty 
in  fome  of  the  curious  Nurferies  • 
near  London^  fo  that  the  former  Sort 
is  not  fo  much  eileemed,  being  lefs 
beautiful. 

The  aQi-kav'd  Maple  is  a  very 
ftrong-fliooting  Tree,  and  is  in  Vir- 
ginia  one  of  the  largeft  Trees  of 
this  Kind.  It  mufl  be  planted  in 
Places  not  too  much  expofed  to  vio- 
lent Winds,  it  being  fubjeft  to  fplit 
therewith.  This  Tree  ripens  Seeds 
very  well  in  En:land^  by  which 
means  it  is  eaflly  propagated,  or  by 
laying  down  the  Branches  (as  dircfl- 
ed  for  the  flowering  Maple). 

The  Nor<way  Maple  grows  with 
us  to  a  very  large  Size,  equalling 
the  other  Maple  for  Bulk;  and,  I  be- 
lieve, will  anfwer  the  fame  Purpofe, 
for  fheltering  Plantations  near  the 
Sea;  and  is  by  far  the  handfomer 
Tree'  near  an  Habitation :  for  the 
greater  Maple  is  very  fubjeft  to  ex- 
ude a  fwcet  clammy  Juice  from  the 
Pores  of  the  Leaves,  which  lodges 
upon  the  Surfaces  thereof,  and  there- 
by entices  vail  Quantities  of  Infeils, 

/  which 


A  C 

wlidi  eat' the  Leaves  fall  of  Holes, 
and  render  them  very  uniightly. 

The  Nor^w^  Maple  has  a  milky 

^arp  Juice,  fo  that  few  Infeds  care 

to  prey  thereon ;  by  which  means 

the  Lnves  are  feldom  eaten  or  de- 

6ced.    This  Tree  is  alfo  raifed  by 

Seeds,  of  which  it  affords  great  Qoan- 

Cxties ;  which  ri(e  and  grow  equally 

as  well  as  the  comnron  Sort. 

^  It  may  alfo  be  propagated  by  Cat- 

tings,  which,  if  planted  in  the  An- 

tamn,  foon   after  the  Leaves  are 

60en,  will  take  Root  as  well  as  die 

•common  Willow:  fo  that  this  being 

tbemoft  expeditions  Method  of  pro- 

T^ting  this  Tree,  it  is  chiefly  pra- 

aifed  by  Ikilfal  Perfons. 

The  variegated  Kind  is  propa- 
gated by  inocalating  a  Bnd  of  the 
ttnp*d  Kind  into  one  of  the  plain 
^rt,  though  I  am  not  at  prefent 
fore  whether  it  will  take  upon  any 
other  Sort  of  Maple,  not  having 
Aade  the  Experiment  \  but  I  believe 
«t  can  fcarce  fail.  Moii»  if  not  all 
the  other  Sorts  of  Maples,  take  very 
"Well  opon  each  other. 

There  is  another  Sort  of  Maple, 
•which  is  Ytry  common  in  Virginia^ 
and  is  known  by  the  Name  of  the 
%«r  MmpU  ;  ^om  which  Tree  the 
^nhaiMtants  of  that  Country  make  a 
^try  good  Sort  of  Sugar,  and  in 
large  Quantities;  though  I  am  of 
Opinion,  that  the  People  make  Su- 
gar from  more  than  one  Sort  of 
Maple.  Mr.  Ray,  and  Dr,  Lifier, 
prepared  a  tolerable  good  Sort  of 
Sugar  from  our  greater  Maple,  by 
tipping  fome  of  the  Trees  in  dxeir 
bleeding  Seaifon ;  and  I  have  ob- 
ferved,  upon  cutting  off  a  Branch 
«f  the  aih-leav'd  Maple  in  Feirm' 
Mry,  a  great  Quantity  of  a  very  fweet 
juice  hath  flow'd  out  for  feveral 
Days  together. 

This  Sort  of  Maple  is  fo  like  the 
iibruMS/ Mapl^  in  Leaf,  as  fcarce  to 


AC 

be  diflinguilhed  from  it ;  and  is 
equally  hardy,  but  doth  not  grow 
fo  faft :  the  young  Plants,  when  firft 
raifed  from  Seeds,  are  very  fubjedl 
to  be  attacked  by  InfcAs,  which,  if 
not  deftroyed  foon,  will  eat  up  the 
Plants :  and  thefe  Infe£U  are  in 
greater  Plenty  upon  the  Plants  when 
they  are  expofed  to  the  Sun,  than  in 
a  (hady  Situation. 

The  ninth  Sort  of  Maple  is  very 
common  in  molt  Parts  of  //^^,  but 
particularly  about  Romf,  where  it 
is  one  of  the  largeH  Trees  of  that 
Country,  and  is  efteemed  for  the 
Size  of  the  Leaves,  which  are  large^ 
affording  a  great  Shade;  fo  that 
thefe  Trees  are  frequently  planted 
by  the  Sides'  of  Roads,  and  near  Ha- 
bitations. In  England  this  Tree  is 
very  rarely  to  be  met  with,  although 
it  is  hardy  enough  to  bear  the  open 
Alt  I  but  as  the  Seeds  of  this  Tree 
have  not  been  brought  over  to  Eng' 
land  till  lately,  there  are  no  large 
Plants  in  the  j^^r^/i/^  Gardens  at  pre- 
fent. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  very  common 
about  MontptlUr^  and  the  South  Parts 
of  Franci ;  butis  at  prefent  ytry  rare 
in  the  Englijh  Gardens. 

The  eleventh  and  twelfth  Sorts 
grow  common  in  the  f  (lands  of  the 
'  Archipelago y  from  whence  Dodor 
Tourntfott  ient  their  Seeds  to  the 
Royal  Garden  at  Faris^  where  they 
are  now  growing  ;  but  thefe  ^re 
very  rare  m  England.  Thefe  three 
Sorts  may  be  propagated  by  Seeds^ 
in  the  fame  manner  as  is  diredled  for 
the  other  Kinds,  and  are  all  hardy 
enough  to  bear  the  open  Air  in  Eng- 
land. 

The  Timber  of  the  common  Ma- 
ple is  hf  fnperior  to  the  Beech  for 
all  Ufes  of  the  Turner,  particularly 
Diihes,  Cups,Trenchers,  and  Bowls ; 
and  when  it  abounds  with  Knots  (as 
it  ytry  often  doth),    it  is  highly 

C  f  eficipmrd 


A  C 

efleemed  by  the  Joiners  for  Inlays 
ings,  k^i,  and  alfo,  for  the  Light- 
nefs  of  the  Wood,  it  is  often  em- 
ployed by  thofe  that  make  mufical 
Inflruments ;  and  for  the  Whitenefs 
of  its  Woody  is  in  great  Requeii  for 
Tables,  Vc. 

ACETOSA,  Sorrel. 
The  CharaSirs  are ; 

^he  Plant  agrees  nvith  the  Dock  in 
€tU  :ti  C'  ara&erjf  and  only  differs  in 
ha-viK^  ur,    'c'.  i  Tafie. 
The  Species  arc; 

I .  A*.  K  1  C) ./  fra:t::j1t.   C.  B,  The 
Coinii'i'''ii  ci  lVIcac';w  borrrl. 

z.  ,£\ci.  ro's-A  yiuj(t<vlt.ca  ftcrtlis. 
3/.  H,    The  Northern  barren  Sor- 

xd. 

3.  AcETOSA  rotuvdifolim  horten- 
Jii.  C  B,  The  roun(;l-lcav'dor/r^;if^ 
SorreK 

4.  AcETOSA  /o/iis  crifpis.  C.  B. 
F»     Sorrel  with  curled  Leaves. 

^.  Ac£T0SA  montana  maxima,  C. 
B,  P,     Greateft  mountain  Sorrel. 

6.  AcETosA  Pyrenaica^  angufiif- 
finio  tsf  lo^igijjimo  folio,  SchoL  Bot, 
Fyrtnean  Sorrel,  with  very  long  nar- 
row Leaves. 

7.  AcETOSA  mon/ana,  lato  art  ro- 
iundj  folio,  Bocc.  Muf,  Mountain 
Sorrel,  wiih  a  broad  Arum-leaf. 

8.  AcETOSA  montana  fumila^  fa- 
gofyri  fclio,  Bocc,  Muf.  Dwarf 
mountain  Sorrel,  with  a  Buckwheat- 
leaf. 

9.  AcETO.SA  tuberofa  radice.  C. 
B.  P.  Sorrel  with  a  tuberofe  Root. 

10.  AcETOSA  ca It b^e  folio,  pere- 
grina.  C.B.P.  Foreign  Sorrel,  with 
a  Marigold-leaf. 

11.  AcETosA  lucida,  foliis  atri- 
flicis,  H,  R,  Par.  Shining  Sorrel, 
with  Orach-leaves. 

12.  AcETOSA  major  Italica,  fe- 
mine  rofundiore  l^  glomerato,  H,  R. 
Par,  Greater  Jialian  Sorrcl,  wich 
a  round  glomerated  Seed. 


A  c 

13.  AcETOSA  arvenfis  lancid^ia'm 
C.  B.  P,  1 24.     Sheeps  Sorrel. 

14.  AcETOSA  lanceolata  angufit^^ 
folia  elaiior,  Mor,  Hift,  Taller  nar- 
row-leav'd  fpear- pointed  Sorrel. 

15.  AcETosA  ocymi  folio^  Nea^- 
politana,  C.  B.  P,  Neapolitam  Sor- 
rel, with  a  Bafil-leaf. 

16.  AcETosA  Amtricana^  foliis 
longijjlmis  pediculis  donatis,  C.  B.  P. 
Akierican  Sorrel,  with  Leaves  grow- 
ing (^  long  Pedicles. 

xj.  AcETOSA  rotundifilia  repens 
El'jr.i.euh^  folio  in  medio  dfliquium 
putiniie.  Mor.Hijh  Creeping  rottnd- 
leav'd  Sorrel  of  the  North, 

18.  A  c  E  T o  s  A  arborefcens ,  fuhrt* 
tun  do  flio^  ex  Infulis  fortunatis. 
Pltik,  Almag.  Shrubby  Sorrel,  with 
a  round  Leaf,  from  the  Forttenate 
Jflands, 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts,  tbo'  bnc 
fmall  in  the  Fields,  yet,  when  fown 
in  Gardens,  will  produce  fair  large 
Leaves,  and  is  the  fame  Sort  which 
is  commonly  cultivated  in  Gardens. 
It  mull  be  fown  early  in  the  Spring, 
in  a  ihady  mcift  Border ;  and  if  the 
Plants  are  afterward  planted  out  in 
another  (hady  Border,  four  or  iix 
Inches  fquare,  it  will  produce  larger 
Leave?,  and  continue  longer.    This 
is  the  common  Sorrel  ufed  in  Medi- 
cine ;  but  the  Northern  barren  Sor- 
rel is  preferred  to  it  in  the  Kitchen- 
garden;    becaufe  it  rarely  runs  to 
Seed,  but  is  increafed  by  parting  the 
Roots  either  in  Spring  or  Autnmo, 
and  is  fit  for  Ufe  all  the  Year  round. 
The    round-leav'd    (or  French) 
Sorrel  is  the  moft  grateful  Acid,  and 
is  preferred  to  the  other  two  Sorts 
for  Kitchen-ufe :  it  is  alfo  a  medi- 
cinal Plant,  and  fhould  not  be  want* 
ing  in  any  good  Garden  :  it  is  a  great 
Runner  at  the  Root,  by  which  means 
it  Is  eanly  propagated,   and  moft  be 
pianted  at  a  large  Diiiance,  a  Foot 

fquare 


AC  AC 

tpat  at  leaft :  it  will  agree  better  flower,  and  their  Seeds  will  ripen  ia 

mh  an  open  Situation  than  the  other  Auguft, 

two  Softs.  .  '  ^   The  fevcnteenth  Sort  grows  wild 

The  fourth  Sort  of  Sorrel  is  a  Va-  in  Tork/hire^  and  feveral  other  North* 
licty  from  the  oommon  Sort,  which  ern  Counties  of  England  and  Scot-^ 
oftoi  anfes  from  the  £une  Seeds,  as  iand^  from  whence  it  is  often  pro- 
dolkalib  that  with  white  Flowers ;  cured  for  the  fake  of  Variety ;  but 
fo  that  they  do  not  deferve  the  No-  it  doth  not  thrive  well  in  the  South- 
doe  wUch  the  Writers  on  Botany  ern  Parts :  it  fhould  have  a  Ihady  Si- 
iiave  tsd^en  of  them.  tuation,  and  a  moid  ftrong^Soil. 

The  fifth,  fixth,  ieventh,  eighth.        The  eighteenth  Sort  will  grow  to 

nindi,  tenth,  eieventii,  and 'twelfth  the  Height  of  twelve  or  fourteen 

Sorts  are  all  of  them  very  hardy  Feet,  and  become  woody,  fo  as  to 

Plants,  and  may  be  propagated  by  have  the  Appearance  of  a  Tree. 

Seeds,  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  This  is  preferved  in  Green- houfesia 

common  Sort;  with  this  Difference  Winter,  by  Perfons  who  are  curious 

only,   of  allowing  the  large  Sorts  in  colleAing  Exotic  Plants.    It  may 

more  room ;  for  the  fixth  and  fe-  be  eaiily  •  propagated    by  planting 

venth  Sorts  grow  very  large,  and  Cuttings  in  a  Bed  of  light  Earth, 

dierefere  require  to  be  left  a  Foot  during  any  of  the  Summer-months^ 

afonder,  or  more.  The  Roots  abide  obferving  to  water  and  (hade  them 

feveral  Years,  and  may  be  parted  at  until  they  have  taken  Root,  when 

MicbMlmas  to  propagate  their  Kinds  j  they  (hould  be  taken  up,  and  plant- 

tho'  they  all  fucoeed  much  better  by  ed  in  Pots  filled  with  frefh  Earth,  and 

Seeds,  which  they  ufually  perfed  in  placed  in  a  fhady  Situation,   uutil 

this  Country.  they  have  taken  new  Root ;  after 

The    thirteenth    and  fourteenth  which  time    they  may  be  placed 

Sorts  grow  wild  on  dry  Banks,  and  amongft  Myrtles,  Geraniums,  and 

on  the  Sides  of  Gravel-pits,  in  di-  other  hardy  Exotic  Plants,  till  O^o^ 

Ten  Parts  of  England,  and  are  rarely  htr^  when  they  (hould  be  removed 

admitted  to  have  Place  in  a  Garden,  into  the  Green- houfe,  where  they 

Thefe  multiply  exceedingly  by  their  ihould  be  placed  to  have  as  much 

Roots,  which  creep  very  far  under-  free  Air  as  poffible  in  mild  Weather; 

ground  ;  fo  that  they  (hould  not  be  for  otherwife  they  will  become  veiy 

faffcred  to  gi'ow  near  other  Plants,  weak  and  unfightly. 
The  thirteenth  Sort  is  placed  in  the        ACE TOSELIA.     Fide  Oxys. 
Catalogue  of  Simples,  in  the  Col-        ACHlLLiEA  ;  /.  /.  Millefo- 

lege-Difpenfatory ;  but,  I  believe,  is  lium. 
feldom  ordered  in  Medicine.  ACINOS,  Stone  or  Wild  Bafil. 

The  fifteenth  and  futeenth  Sorts  The  CharaSien  are ; 

are  annual,    and  are   rarely  culti-         //  hath  Lea*ves  like  thofe  of  the 

vated,  except  in  Botanic  Garden?,  UJftr  Bafil:  the  Cup  of  the  Flower  is 

for  the  ftike  of  Variety  :  thefe  may  oblong  and  furronjo'd :    the  Flo^^ers 

be  propagated  by  fowing  their  Seed  are  produced  in  Bunches,  on  the  Top 

on  a  Bed  of  light  Earth  in  March  ;  of  little  Footftalksy^nvhich  arife  from 

bat  they  do  not  bear  tranfpl  anting  between  the  Footftalk  of  the  Leaf  and 

well;  therefore  they  (hould  always  the  Stalk  of  the  Plants,  in  ivhich  it 

be  fown  where  they  are  defigned  to  dijfers  frgm  Scrpyllum. 
2tmaiii«  ^  In  Juue  thefe  Plants  will 

The 


AC 

Tho  Species  are^ 

T.  AciNOS  mu/tif.  y.  B,  Wild 
Bafil. 

2.  Ac  I  If  I  futcbra  Jpfciet,  J.  B^ 
Sroad^leav'd  Juflrian.  Wild  Bafil. 

The  firft  of  thcfc  Plants  is  very 
common  o&'dry  arable  Land  in  many 
Parts  of  England^  but  efpecially  on 
jgravelly  or  chalky  Hills :  it  is  an 
annual  Plant,  fowin^  itfelf,  and  ris- 
ing again  early  in  the  Spring.  This 
is  liot  cultivated  in  Gardens,  nor 
doth  it  care  to^row  on  a  good  Soil ; 
1>ut  it  may  be  .propagated  in  a  dry 
poor  Soil,  by  fowrng  the  Seeds  as 
foon  as  they  are  ripe.  This  Plant 
liath  been  brought  to  the  Markets 
i>y  the  Herb  women  for  the  Moun- 
tAir*poley. 

The  fecond  Soft  is  preferved  in 
curious  Botanic  Gardens ;  but  is  a 
Flant  of  no  great  Beauty  or  Ufe. 

ACONITUM,  Wolfsbane. 
The  CharaHers  are ; 

It  hath  clrcumfcrih^d  roundijh  di- 
n^ided  Lta*ves :  the  F lowers  confift  of 
/our  Leaves t  nubUh  ,are  Jhaped  like 
a  Monies  Hood  J  each  of  theft  FIg<iiD' 
grs  are  fucceeded  hy  three  or  more 
,PodSy  nvhich  contain  ftr*veral  rough 
"Seeds  :  the  mofi  Part  of  ihefe  SpecUs 
mre  deadly  Poifon. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  AcoNiTuM  l^coSonum  lutettm, 
C.  B,  The  yellow  pbifonous  Wolfs- 
bane. 

2.  Aco}iiTVM  luteum  majus,  am- 
pliore  caule^  amplioribufque  /oliis. 
Dod.  The  largeft  yellow  Wolfs- 
bane . 

3.  AcoNiTUM  coeyuleum^  fi<vi  na^ 
felliis  2.  C.  fi^  The  large  blue  Wolf  s- 
bane,  or  Monk*s-hood. 

4.  AcoNiTUM  falutiferum,  fiuji 
anthora.  C,B,  The  wholfomeWolf  s- 
bane, 

5.  AcoNTTUM  pframidale  multi' 
Jl^rum.  H.  R.  Par.     Large  blue  py- 
ramidal Wo'fs-bane,    or  ^onK's- 


A  c 

6.  AcoiliTT7if  eeeruUO'farptir^^ 
um^  flore  maximo,  five  nafeUus  4.  C* 
B.  P.  Wolf  s-bane  with  a  very,  large 
blue  Flower. 

7.  AcoNiTUM  Jeu  napellus  i .  flore 
ex  caeruleo  &f  aiho  ^ariegato,  C,  B. 
P.  Wolf  s-baat  with  blue  and  white 
ilripM  Flowers. 

8.  AcoNiTUM  eeerulevm  minmf^ 
five  napellus  minor.  C  B.  P,    Leiier 

Wolf  s-bane,  4vith  blue  Flowers. 

.9.  AcoNiTVM  coma  infiexa,  fii^ 
His  anguftiorihus.  C,B,  P.  283.  Nar- 
row-kav'd  Wolfs-bane,  with  in- 
flex'd  Heads. 

10.  AcoviTVM  coma  tnfiexarfif' 
His  latiorihus,  Tourn.  Broad-leav^<d 
Wolf  s-bane,  with  inflex'd  Heads. 

IX.  AcoNiTUM  infiexa  coma,  ma- 
ximum. C,  B.  P.  Wolf  s-banc  with 
the  largeft  inflexM  Heads. 

12.  Agon  IT  VM  fitu  napellus  r. 
fore  rofeo.  C.B,  P.  Wolf  s-bane  with 
a  rofe-colour'd  Flower. 

13.  AcoNiTUM  feu  naprllus  i. 
fore  albo.  C.B. P.  Wolf  s*bane  with 

a  white  Flower* 

14.  AcoNiTUM  ftm  napellus  i. 
fore -ex  ceeruUo  &  alho  H>ariegato.  C. 
B,  P.    Wolf  s-bane  with  a  Flower 
variegated  from  blue  to  white. 

1 5 .  AcoN IT V M  wolaceum^/em  na- 
fellus  2.  C.  B.  P.  Wolf  *8-bane  with 
a  violet -coloured  Flower. 

1 6.  AcoM  iTUM  purpttreum,  feu  na^ 
pellus  3.  C.B.  P.  Wolfs-banc  with 
a  purple  Flower. 

17.  AcoNiTUM  caeruleum  minus^ 
five  napellus  minor.  C.  B.  P.  LelTer 
i)lue  Aconite  or  Wolf  s-bane. 

i^.  AcoNiTUM  caruieo^purpure- 
nm,  flore  maximo^five  napellus  4.  C. 
B  P.  Wolf  s-banc  with  a  very  large 
|>urj>leAhiue  Flower. 

i^.  AcoNiTUM  lyco3onum  Orl- 
entitle^  flore  magno  alio.  T.Cor.  Eall- 
ern  Wolf  s-bane,  with  a  large  white 
Flower. 

MoA  of  thefe  Kinds  of  Wolf  sr 

bana 


A  C 

base  are  Natives  of  the  Alps  or  Py- 
Tttttax  Mountains,  where  (it  is  re- 
ported) the  Huntfrnen,  who  hant 
the  Wolves,  dip  their  Arrows  into 
the  ]aice  of  thdfe  Plants,  which  ren- 
ders the  Wounds  given  with  thefe 
Arrows  mortal.  I'hcy  are  moft  of 
them  too  noxious  to  have  a  Place  in 
Gardens  which  are  much  frequented 
bj  Qiildren,  there  having  been  fe- 
veral  Perfons  much  injured,and  (bme 
have  loft  their  Lives,  by  eating  of 
diis  Plant.  A  late  Inftance  of  this 
hath  been  publifh'd  in  the  Phihfi' 
fhi^al-  Tran/aSHous^  where  there  is 
an  Account  of  feme  unfkilful  Per- 
ion  gathering  foroe  Roou  of  this 
(early  in  the  Spring,  when  the  Plant 
was  newly  rifen  above-ground)  in- 
fiead  of  Celery;  and  putting  them 
into  a  Sallad,  two  Perfons  were  poi- 
Iboed  therewith  ;^  one  of  whom  was 
with  great  Difficulty  faved. 

The  yellow  Sorts  are  lefs  com- 
mon, and  are  only  preferved  in  the 
Gardens  of  the  Curious :  they  flow- 
er in  yune  and  Jmly^  and  are  in< 
CTea(ed  by  parting  the  Roots  in  Au- 
tumn ;  but  muft  have  a  more  open 
Ezpofure  than  the  blue. 

The  wholfome  Kind  is  rarely  to 
be  met  with  in  the  Englijb  Gardens, 
altho^  it  is  equally  as  hardy  as  any 
of  the  other  Sorts  :  this  is  increafed 
as  the  other  Sorts;  but  req vires  a 
loofer  Soil  than  they  do :  this  is 
femetimes  ufed  in  Phyfic,  and  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  an  Antidote  to  the  Poi- 
fon  of  the  WolPs  banc. 

The  fifth  Sort  of  WolPs-banc  is 
very  common  in  almoft  all  old  Gar- 
dens, and  is  nfually  known  by  the 
Name  of  Monk^  hood,  the  Flower 
referobling  a  Frier^s  Cowl,  from 
whence  it  had  that  Name :  the  Flow- 
ers of  this  Kind  are  commonly 
brought  to  Market  in  Majy  to  fur- 
niih  Flower- pots  for  Chimneys.  The 
Roots  of  this  Plant  increafe  abun- 
6 


A  C 

dantly,  foon  over-running  a  larg9 
Piece  of  Ground ;  therefore  fhould 
be  confined  in  fome  abjedt  Part  of 
the  Garden,  or  planted  under  Trees, 
it  being  very  hardy,  and  growing  in 
almoft  every  Soil  or  Situation. 

All  thefe  Kinds  of  Wolfs-bane 
are  great  Ornaments  to  a  large  Gar- 
den ;  and  many  of  them  will  thrive 
in  the  greateft  ^hade,  and  on  the 
pooreft  Soil,  where  few  other  Plants 
will  grow,  efpecially  the  fifth,  eighth, 
twelfth,  fifteenth,  fixteenth,  and  fe- 
vepteenth  Sorts,  whidh  are  extreme* 
ly  hardy,  and  greatly  multiply  by 
the  Root ;  fo  that  a  few  Plants  of 
each  Sort  will,  in  a  few  Years,  pro* 
duce  a  great  Stock.  The  beft  time 
to  traniplant  thefe  Roots  is  at  Mi- 
chaehnasy  when  the  Roots  are  in  an 
unadive  State ;  for  foon  after  that 
time  they  begin  to  put  out  new 
Roots,  and  early  in  the  Spring  the 
Plants  will  appear  above-ground ; 
when  it  will  be  too  late,  to  tranf- 
plant  them  ;  for  although  they  wil) 
often  grow  if  removed  at  that  Sea* 
fon,  yet  they  rarely  flower  the  fame 
Year,  and  will  make  very  little  In- 
creafe at  the  Root. 

Some  of  the  Sorts  with  blue  Flow- 
ers will  grow  to  the  Height  of  three 
or  four  Feet ;  but  thofe  with  yellow 
Flowers  ufually  grow  much  high'cr; 
and  the  Eaftern  Kind  with  white 
Flowers,  I  have  feen  upwards  of  fix 
Feet  high ;  but  this  Sort  is  vtry  rare 
in  Europe^  and  only  to  be  found  in 
fome  curious  Gardens  at  prefent. 

The  fifth  Sort  commonly  begins 
to  flower  in  Apri/^  and  continues 
through  May  ;  and  this  is  fucceeded 
by  fome  of  the  other  Sorts,  fo  that 
there  is  a  continual  Succefiion  of 
them  until  Auguft^  and  in  a  cool  Sea- 
fon  femetimes  later. 

ACONITUM  HYEMALE.;^V# 
Helleborus. 

ACORUS. 


A  C 

ACORUSy   Calamus  artmatkus. 
Sweet  Rufh. 

The  CharaSen  arc ;    • 

^he  Flo'Wirs  grcnv  in  a  Sfike^Jhafed 
^he  a  finger :  each  Flonjoer  has  fix 
Fctals^  nvbicb  art  ohiufe  and  con- 
taifff  twitb  fix  Stamina,  ivhicb  are 
danger  tban  tbe  Petals :  in  tbe  Mid- 
dle is  placed  tbe  Style,  lubicb  afters 
^usard  becomes  a  Jbort  triangular  Pod, 
iuelofing  /mall  Seeds. 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant ;  which  is, 

AcoRus  verus.  C.  B.  The  true 
Acorus  of  the  Shops. 

This  Plant  grows  in  flanding 
Waters  which  are  ihallow,  and  is 
Ibund  wild  in  fome  Parts  of  England; 
farticularly  in  Norjolk,  and  alfo 
near  Uxbridge  in  Middle/ex.  The 
Leaves  of  this  Plant,  when  broken, 
lend  forth  a  firong  aromatic  Scent ; 
Lut  the  Roots,  which  are  much 
^rongefi  have  been  long  ufed  in 
l^lcdicine.  'I'his  may  be  tranfplanted 
into  a  Garden,  where,  if  the  Ground 
is  moill,  it  will  grow  very  well; 
But  never  produces  its  Spike,  un- 
lets it  grows  in  tbe  Water.  It  loves 
an  open  Situation,  and  will  not  thrive 
well  under  the  Shade  of  Trees. 

ACRIVIOLA,  Indian  Crefs. 
The  Char  ad  en  are  ; 

l[be  Leagues  are  rounds  umhilicated, 
emd placed  alternately :  tbe  Stalks  are 
trailing  :  the  Cup  of  tbe  Flonver  is 
fuinquefid :  tbeFlotuers  confifl  of  five 
Leu'VeSy  ixibich  are  in  form  of  a 
Violet:  tbe  Seeds  are  roundijk  and 
roughs  three  of  them  fuccecding  each 
Flotver, 

The^e  are  five  Varieties  of  this 
Plant  in  the  Englijh  Gardens  ;  i/Za. 

1.  AcRivioLA.  Frid.  C<ef '/".  935. 
The  IcflTcr  Indian  Crefs. 

2.  AcRi VIOLA  fore  fulpbureo, 
B^^rb,     The  leffcr  yellow  Indian 


A  C 

3.  AcRiviOLA  maxima  odor  at  a^ 
Boerb,    The  great  Indian  Crefs. 

4.  AcRi VIOLA  maxima  ^dcrafa, 
flore  fulphureo.  Boerb.  The  greac 
yellow  Indian  Crefs. 

J.  AcRlviOLA  maxima  odor  at a^ 
fiore  plena.  The  great  double  Na- 
ilurtium,  or  Indian  Crefs. 

The  four  firft  Sorts  are  commonly 
(own  in  March  or  Jprily  in  a  good 
Soil,  and  warm  Situation :  they  are 
^reat  Climbers,  and  fhould  have  an 
Hedge  or  PalifadQ  to  n^n  upon,  to 
prevent  their  lying  upon  the  Ground, 
which  is  apt  to  rot  them :  they  begia 
to  flower  in  June  or  Jufyy  and  con- 
tinue till  the  Froft  comes,  which  foon 
dellroys  the  whole  Plant,  unlefs 
fhelter*d  therefrom.  The  Flowers 
are  very  good  in  Sallads,  and  are 
much  in  Ufe  to  garnifli  Di(hes :  the 
unripe  Seeds  afford  a  warm  agree- 
able Pickle. 

The  double  Sort,  producing  no 
Seeds,  is  only  increafed  by  planting 
Cuttings  in  any  of  the  Summer- 
months,  and  muft  be  carefully  pre- 
ferved  in  Winter,  it  being  very  fub- 
jeA  to  rot,  if  kept  too  clofe,  or  if 
it  hath  too  much  Water  in  Winter; 
but  muft  be  intirely  kept  frona 
Frofts. 

This  Plant,  if  confined  in  Pots 
£IIed  with  poor  Soil,  will  be  lefs 
fubje^  to  ramble,  and  much  mote 
productive  of  Flowers ;  whereas  i( 
it  is  planted  in  the  full  Ground,  or 
potted  in  a  rich  Mould,  it  will  ex- 
tend its  Branches  to  a  great  Diilance^ 
and  the  Flowers  will  be  very  thinly- 
placed  upon  the  Plant ;  fo  that  the 
greateft  iSeauty  of  the  Plant,  whicli 
confifts  iathe  Number  of  its  Flowers^ 
is  loft.  The  Flowers  of  this  Kind 
are  much  better  to  garniih  Dilhes 
than  thofe  of  the  Angle ;  but,  for 
Ufe,  the  fingle  is  preferable  to  this 
in  Sallads,  being  of  a  warmer  Tafles 

as 


A  D 

3s  b  obfenred  of  all  fingk  Flowers, 
tint  they  are  preferable  to  the  double 
of  the  fame  Kinds,  for .  medicinal 
or  other  Ufes,  as  being  much  flronger 
in  Smell  and  Tafie;  for  the  Multi- 
plicity of  Petals  deprive  the  Flowers 
«f  the  Organs  of  Generation,  in 
which  is  contained  the  EiTence  of 
the  Flower. 

ADHATODA,    The   Malabar 
Nut. 

The  CbaraBen  are ; 
7hi  Leases  gronv  oppojtte :  the  Cup 
§f  the  Thnner  is  oblongs  and  confijls 
rf  erne  Leaf:  the  Flonuer  is  moncpeta' 
Uujy  9f  an  anomalous  Figure^  and 
epnfifis  of  t'lvo  Lips  :  the  uppermoft  is 
enoied,  and  is  raifed  in  form  of  an 
Arch  :  the  under  Lip  is  difwidtd  into 
three  Segments^  and  hangs  diyjan' 
tvard :  the  Ovarium  becomes  the 
Fmitf  vshieh  is  in  form  of  a  C/ub, 
and  is  di*uided  into  t*wo.  Cells  j  in 
which  are  ewtained  fiat  heart -Jhafed 
Zeeds. 

There  are  but  two  Species  of  this 
Plant  known  at  prefent ;  which  are, 
i.Adhatoda  Zeylanenfium* H. L. 
The  common  Malabar  Nut. 

2.  Adhatoda  Indicay  folie  fa- 
£gno,  fiore  albo.  Boerh.  The  Wil- 
low-leaved Malabar  Nut ;  com- 
monly called.  The  Snap-tree. 

The  firft  Sort  is  pretty  common 
in  curious  Gardens,  where  there  are 
fome  old  Plants  which  are  ten  Feet 
high:  this  will  live  in  a  good  Green- 
houfe  with  Orange-trees  and  Myr- 
tles, and  may  be  removed  into  the 
open  Air  at  the  fame  time  with  thofe, 
being  equally  hardy.  This  Tree 
requires  a  good  Soil,  and  muil  have 
Plenty  of  Water,  efpecially  in  the 
Summer-time.  It  is  propagated  by 
Layers,  which  fhould  be  laid  any 
time  in  Summer,  and  will  be  rooted 
by  the  following  Spring,  fit  to  tranf- 
plant  into  Pots  "r.^ when  this  is  done, 
they  mufi  he  watered  and  (haded 


A  D 

until  they  are  rooted  again,  anJ  mtf 
then  be  treated  as  the  old  Plants, 
This  Sort  often  produces  Flowers  ii» 
June^  which  grow  in  Spikes  from 
the  Tops  of  the  Shoots. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  more  tender, 
and  requires  a  moderate  Stove  in 
Winter,  otherwife  it  can  rarely  be 
preferved.  This  Sort  is  eafily  pro- 
pagated by  Cuttings  in  Mrjy,  June^ 
or  July:  the  Cuttings  (hould  be 
planted  in  Pots  filled  with  rich 
Mould,  and  plunged  into  a  mode- 
rate  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  ob- 
ferving  to  (hade  them  undl  they 
have  taken  Root;  afterwaid  they 
may  be  removed  each  into  a  (epa- 
rate  Pot  fill'd  with  rich  Earth,  and 
may  remain  abroad  in  a  fhekcrei 
Situation  until  Michaelmas^  whea 
they  muft  be  removed  into  the  Stove, 
Thcfe  Plants  require  much  Water, 
efpecially  in  Summer. 

ADIANTHUM,  Maidenhair^ 
The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Adianthum  fotiis  coriandri^ 
C.  B.  P.  True  Maidenhair,  with 
Leaves  like  Coriander. 

2.  Adianthum  Scoticum  majut^ 
coriandri  folio.  Tourn.  GrCiXtr  Scotch 
Maidenhair,  with  a  Coriander-leaf. 

3.  Adianthum  Scoticum  minus^ 
folio  obtufOf  altius  incifo.  Tourn.  Lefifer 
Scotch  Maidenhair,  with  an  obtufe 
Leaf,  deeply  cut  in. 

4.  Adianthum  Americanum^CoT" 
nut,  American  Maidenhair  of  Cfr- 
nutus. 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the 
South  Parts  of  France^  and  of  the 
Mediterranean  J  where  it  grows  oa 
Rocks,  and  old  Ruins,  from  whence 
it  is  brought  into  England^  'for  me- 
dicinal Ufe ;  tho'  the  fmaller  Leaves 
of  Fern  are  fometimes  impofed  on 
ignorant  Perfons,  by  thofe  who  fup- 
ply  the  Markets  with  Herbs;  bat 
as  the  true  Sort  is  not  to  be  ob- 
tained frelh  in  England,  the  furer 

waj 


A  D 

way  is  to  get  it  from  fome  knowing 
Druggift,  who  imports  it  from 
abroad. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  have 
been  found  growing  on  the  Rock?, 
in  the  North  of  Scotland :  but  as 
they  are  not  commonly  found,  they 
have  not  been  introduced  into  the 
LoudM  Shops. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
America,  from  whence  it  was  ori- 
ginally brought  into  Europe^  and  is 
preferved  by  curious  Perfons  in  their 
Gardens.  This  has  been  formerly 
preferved  in  Stoves  in  England,  as 
^  very  tender  Plant  i  but  it  is  found 
to  hfi  very  hardy. 

There  are  many  other  Sorts  of 
this  Plant  in  the  Eafi  and  ^^- 
Jnditj,  from  whence  we  have  re- 
ceived dried  Samples  of  near  thirty 
Sorts ;  but  as  they  are  Plants  which 
are  not  cultivated  in  the  European 
Gardens,  I  (hall  not  enumerate  them 
here. 

ADONIS,  or  FLOS  ADONIS, 
BirdVeye,  or  Pheafant*s-eye. 
The  Chara3ers  are ; 

The  heaves   are  like  Fennel,   or 
Chamomile:    the  Flonvers    conjift  of 
many  Leaves,   nvhich  are  expanded 
in  form  of  a  Rofe  :  the  Seeds  are  col- 
le^ed  into  ohlong  Heads. 

There  are  but  four  Varieties  of 
thu  Plant  to  be  met  with  in  the  Eng- 
Ufif  Gardens ;  viz, 

1.  Adonis  hortenjis,  flore  minor e 
atro-rubente,  C  J?.  The  common 
red  Bird's*eye. 

2.  Anonk IS  Jjfl<viftris,  flore  luteo, 
foliis  tongioribus.  C.  B.  The  long- 
leav*d  yellow  Bird's-eye. 

3.  AooNJS  fyhjeftrisy  flore  phte- 
niceo,  ^ufque  foliis  longioribui.C.B  P, 

'  Adonic  Flower,  pr  Flos  Adonis. 

4.  Adonis  hellebori  radice,  bu- 
phthalmi  flore.  H.L.  TheHcHebore- 
jooted  Pheafant's-eye ;   commonly 


A  b 

called,  TheFennel-leav*d  black  Het^ 
lebore. 

The 'third  Sort  is  very  common 
in  England,  and  is  fown  in  open 
Borders  as  an  annoal  flowering 
Plant  to  adorn  Gardens:  the  beft 
time  to  fow  it  is  in  Auguft,  foon 
after  the  Seeds  are  ripe,  when  ic 
rarely  fails  to  grow,  and  is  very 
hardy,  being  feldom  huft  by  Cold. 

Thefe  Plants  will  flower  in  Jume 
and  July,  and  the  ^tt^  will  ripen 
foon  after ;  but  thofe  which  are 
Town  in  the  Spring,  very  often  fail 
to  grow,  or  at  leaft  remain  till  June 
or  July  before  they  appear;  fo  that 
they  feldom  produce  good  Seeds  the 
fame  Year,  and  rarely  live  over  the 
Winter  after  flowering. 

The  fiHl  Soft  grows  wild  in  fome 
Parts  of  England,  particularly  near 
the  River  Medmjay,  about  three 
Miles  above  Rochcfler  Bridge ;  but 
this  is  feldom  fown  in  Gardens. 

The  yellow  Sort  is  uncommon  in 
England,  and  only  to  be  found  in 
fome  curious  Gardens.  This  makes 
a  pretty  Diverflty  with  the  former^ 
and  muft  have  the  fame  Culture. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  ftill  more  rare 
than  any  of  them  :  it  is  an  abiding 
Root,  and  is  increafed  by  parting 
the  Roots  in  September,  or  by  fpw- 
ing  the  Seeds,  foon  after  they  are 
ripe,  in  light  fandy  Earth :  the 
Seedlings  wul  be  two  or  three  Years 
before  they  blow,  but  the  OfTfets 
will  flower  the  fucceeding  Spring ; 
but  thefe  Roots  fliould  jiot  be  parted 
oftenec  than  every  third  or  fourth 
Year ;  and  then  they  ought  not  to 
be  divided  into  very  fmall  Off-fets, 
which  will  prevent  their  flowering 
the  following  Spring,  or,  at  leafl, 
caufe  them  to  flower  very  weak. 
This  Plant  fliould  have  an  Eaft  Bor- 
der, and  a  loamy  Soil,  in  which 
it  will  thrive,  and   produce  large 

Flowers. 


A  C 

This  prodaces  its  Flowers 
m  March,  or  early  in  jfpn7,  and  is 
MX  a  defpicable  Plant  in  the  moil 
cnrioos  Gardens;  efpecially  when 
die  Roots  are  large,  they  often  pro 
dace  twenty  or  thirty  Flowers  on 
each. 

This  Plant  is  nfed  in  Medicine  by 
the  Germamsy  as  the  tme  Hellebore. 

AGERATUM. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

h  hath  a  perftmattd  Flmvir  coM' 
fifit»g  tf  9me  Leaff  the  under  Fart  of 
*a:bUh  it  ttthmlauji  hut  tbt  upper  Part 
is  ifviiid  i»t0  t^wo  Ups^  the  upper 
me  heing  ditfided  into  tRvo,  aud  the 
wmder  wi  into  three  Parts :  the  Piftil, 
mtbich  ariffs  from  the  flonutr-cup^ 
after^wterd  heeoitses  an  ohhmg  mem- 
hraneoiu  Fruity  Mnjided  into  tnjuo 
Celby  in  nvbich  are  centasned  many 
fmall  Seeds. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  AoBRATUM  ferratum  Alpinum 
glahmm,  fhre  pnrpura/cente.  Touni. 
Smooth  Ageratam  of  the  jf/ps,  with 
a  parpliih  Flower. 

2.  AcBRATlJM  jfmericanum  ere- 
Bam  fpicatum,  fore  furpureo,  Houft^ 
American  Ageratun^,  with  purple 
Flowers  growing  in  a  Spike. 

3.  Ageratum  Americanum  pro^ 
iumhenSf  gwtphalii  facie,  florihus  ad 
foUernm  nedos.  Houft.  Creeping 
American  Ageratum^  having ^  the 
Face  of  Cad-weed,  and  the  Flowert 
a>ming  ont  at  the  fetting  on  of  the 
Footfialks. 

%       4.  Ageratum  Americanum  fru'^ 
I  tefcenSf  cham^edryos  folio^  fioribus  ex 

foUvrum  alis,  Houft,  Shrubby  Ame- 
rican Ageratnni,  with  a  Germander- 
leaf,  and  the  Flowers  growing  from 
the  Setting  on  of  the  Leaves. 

The  firft  Sort,  being  a  Native  of 
theyf^/,  is  very  hardy  in  refpe£t 
of  Cold;  but  xnaft'have  a  ftrong 
Soil,  and  not  too  much  expoied  to 
the  SjjB  ;    this  is  propagated  by 


A  G 

jiarting  the  Hoots:  the  beft  time  fof' 
doing  of  this  is  in  September.  This 
Plant  grows  very  dofe  to  the  Ground, 
and  has  been  ufed  in  fome  Parts  of* 
England  to  make  Edgings  for  Bor- 
ders; but  near  London,  where  the 
Soi)  is  hot,  and  has  been  dunged, 
it  is  very  diiHcult  to  maintain  this 
Plant.  It  flowers  in  June ;  but  rarely 
produces  ripe  Seeds  in  England, 

The  other  three  Sorts  were  dil- 
covered  in  America  by  the  late  in- 
genious Dr.  William  Houftowt,  wh» 
fent  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Plants  into 
Europe.  The  Seeds  of  thefe  three 
Sorts  muft  be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed 
in  the  Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  fit  to  traniplant,  they  fliould 
be  placed  each  into  a  fmall  Pot  iiird. 
with  light  Earth,  and  placed  into  ^ 
moderate  Hot-bed,  obferving  to  wa- 
ter and  fhade  them  until  they  have 
taken  Root.  In  Autumn  thefe  Plants 
will  flower ;  and  if  they  are  placed 
in  a  Stove,  wilt  perfedl  their  Seeds 
in  Winter.  They  may  alfo  be  con- 
tinued thro*  the  Winter  in  a  Stovc^ 
and  will  flower  early  the  following 
Summer;  {o  that  good  Seeds  may 
be  obtained  by  this  Method';  but 
they  rarely  continue  longer  than  two 
Summers;  fo  that  they  mufl  be  con« 
ftantly  raifed  from  Seeds  every  Year. 

The  Ageratum,  or  Maudlin,  is 
under  the  Genus  of  Ptarmica,  where 
it  is  placed  by  Toumefort,  and  to 
which  it  properly  belongs. 

AGNUS  CASTUS.  VideVxXtx. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  ^/V/ A^uifo- 
Hum. 

AGRIMONIA. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

The  Leases  are  rough,  hairy,  pen*' 
nated,  and  grow  alternate^  on  the 
Branches  :  the  Calyx  (or  Fhwer- 
cup)  confifts  of  one  Leuf,  n^bich  is  . 
di*^idid  into  fi*ve  Segments:  the 
Flo*t.vers  han/e  fi*ve  or  fix  Leaves,  atfd 
are  formed  into  a  long  Spikf,  tubieh 

expand 


A  G 

ixfand  in  form  of  a  Rofe :   the  Fruit 
is  oblongs  dry^  and  prickly ^  like  the 
Burdock  ;  in  each  of  which  are  con-' 
tained  ttvo  Kernels. 
The  Species  sure; 
I.Agrimonia offeinarutn.  Toum. 
The  common  or  m^icinal  Agrimony . 
^  Agrimonia  odorata.  Camer, 
The  fweet-fmelllng  Agrimony. 

3<  A  CR I  MO  N  lA  •  minor,  flore  alho, 
H.  Cath,  Lefler  Agrimony,  with 
a  white  Flower. 

4.  Agrimonia  Orient aiis  humi^ 
lis,  radice  crajjijfima  repente,  fru^u 
in  Jpicam  hrevem  fff  denfam  congefto. 
T,  Cor,  Dwarf  Eaftem  Agrimony, 
with  thick  creeping  Roots,  and  th^ 
Fruit  growing  in  ihort  thick  Spikes. 
The  iiril  of  thefe  Sorts  is  common 
in  the  Hedges  in  many  Parts  of 
England,  and  is  the  Sort  commonly 
ufed  in  Medicine;  bat  fhould  not 
be  wanting  in  a  Garden.:  it  will 
grow  in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Situation, 
and  isincreafed  by  parting  the  Roots 
in  Autumn,  or  by  fowing  the  Seeds 
foon  after  they  are  ripe. 

The  fweet-fmelling  Agrimony  is 
by  fome  preferred  to  the  common 
Sort  for  medicinal  Ufes ;  but  how- 
ever  it  is  certainly  the  moft  grateful 
to  infufe  for  perioral  Decodions, 
and  makes  a  pleafant  kind  of  Tea : 
it  is  propagated  as  the  common  Sort, 
but  requires  an  opener  Expofure. 
'  The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  are 
equally  hardy  with  the  common 
Sort,  and  may  be  propagated  either 
by  fowing  the  Seeds  foon  after  they 
are  ripe,  or  by  parting  their  Roots, 
in  Autumn. 

AGRIMQNOIDES,  Baflard 
Agrimony. 

The  Charaders  are ; 

//  hath  a  rofaceous  Flower,  eon- 

J^i^  offenjeral  Petals,  <ujhi<h  are 

placed  in  a  circular  Order,    ijfuing 

eut  of  the  Dinjifions  of  the  Fltnver^ 

cup  s  tut  the  Fliywer  and  the  Flower- 


A  H 

eup  are  received  into  another  fusmtt^ 
Jhaped  Empalement,  wjhich  is  fringed^ 
The  Flower-cup  afterward  becomes  a 
Jharp  oval  Fruit,  njuhich  is  enfolded 
in  the  outer  Empalement,  and  conteuns^ 
for  the  moft  part,  a  Jingle  Seed* 

There  is  but  one  Species  of  this 

Plant  at  prefent  known ;  which  is, 

Agrimonoidbs.  Col, part  I,  14^. 

This  is  a  perennial  Plant,  which 

in  its  outward  Appearance  greatly 

refembles    Agrimony,    but   difers 

therefrom  in  its  Flower ;   for  which 

Reafon  Dr.  Toumefori  has  feparated 

it  from  the  Agrimonies.    It  may  be 

propagated  by  Seeds,  which  fhould 

be  (own  in  Autumn,  foon  after  they 

are  ripe ;  for  if  they  are  kept  out 

of  the  Ground  till  Spring,  they  are 

fttbjedt  to  mifcarry,    or  otherwise 

will  remain  in  the  Ground  till  the 

following  Spring ;   whereas   thofe 

which  are  fown.  in  Autunin,  feldom 

fail  to  come  up  the  next  Spring. 

When  the  Plants  appear,  they  will 

require  no  other  Culture,  but  to 

keep  them  clear  from  Weeds,  until 

the  following  Autumn,  when  they 

fhould  be  taken  up  and  tranfplanted 

where  they  are  to  remain.     Thefe 

Plants  will  grow  in  almoft  any  Soil 

or  Situation,  provided  they  are  not 

placed  under  the  Drip  of  Trees. 

The  fecond  Year  thefe  Plants  will 
produce  Flowers,  and  the  Roots  will 
abide  feveral  Years,  and  may  be 
parted  in  Autumn,  if  you  are  will- 
ing to  propagate  them  that  way. 
AHOUAI. 

The  CharaQers  are; 
//  hath  a  funnel -fhapod  Flonuer, 
cwfifling  of  one  Leaf,  euid  is  divided 
into  federal  Parts  at  the  Top  ;  from 
nvhofe  Cup  ari/es  the  Pointal,  ivhich 
is  fixed  like  a  Nail  to  the  inner  Part 
of  the  Floijoer,  nuhieb  aftertvard  he- 
comes  afleftpy  Fruit,  almoft  of  a  Pear^ 
Jbape,  in  vjhch  is  iuclofod  a  three- 
(ornered  Nut, 

The 


A  H 

The  S pedes  are ; 

1.  Ahouai.  ^bev,  Franc.  An- 
tara.  66. 

2.  Ahouai  nerii  folio y  fore  luteo. 
Plum.  Ahouai  with  an  Oleander- 
leaf,  and  a  yellow  Flower. 

Thcfc  two  Plants  grow  in  great 
Plenty  on  theCootinent  in  the  South- 
em  Parts  of  America  \  but  are  lefs 
common  in  the  Iflands  of  America, 
The  firil  of   them    grows  to  the 
Height   of  oar   common   Cherry- 
trees;  the  Leaves^are  three  or  four 
Inches  long^  and  almoft  two  Inches 
hroad.     The  whole  Tree  is  fall  of 
a  milky  Juice,  which  flows  out  on 
breaking  or  wounding  any  Part  of 
it.     The  Wood  of  this  Tree  ftinks 
moft  abominably ;  and  the  Kernel 
of  the  Nut  is  a  moft  deadly  Poifon ; 
ib  that  the  In£ans  always  caution 
their  Children  againft  eating  of  it ; 
for  they  know  of  no  Antidote  to 
Gcpel  this  Poifon,    nor  will   they 
ufe  the  Wood  of  this  Tree  for  Fuel ; 
bat  they  take  the  Kernel  out  of  the 
Shell,   into  which  they  put  fmall 
Stones,  and  then  bore  an  Hole  thro* 
each  Shell*  and  ilrmg  them  :    thefe 
diey  tie  about  their  Legs,  to  dance 
with,  as  is  the  CuHom  of  our  Mor- 
lis-dancers  with  Bells. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  of  much  lower 
Growth  than  the  firft,  and  feldom 
rifcs  above  ten  or  twelve  Feet  high. 
The  Fruit  of  this  Tree  is  of  a  beau- 
tiful red  Colour  when  ripe ;  but 
the  whole  Plant  abounds  with  a 
milky  Juice,  as  the  former,  and  I 
believe' is  equally  poifonous.  I  re- 
ceived the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  from 
Famama^  which  were  colleded  by 
Mr.  Robert  Millar^  Surgeon,  in  the 

Year  1735.  ^^^X  ^™^  "P  ^"  ^^ 
Hot-bed  very  well,  and  fome  of  the 
Plants  produced  Flowers  the  fame 
Year. 

Thefe  Plants  may  be  propagated 
bom  their  Nuts,  which  (hould  be 

\OL.l. 


A  H 

put  into  fmall  Pots  fill'd  with  light 
Earth,  and  plunged   into  an  Hot- 
bed of  Tanners  Bark,  obferving  to 
water  them  frequently,  to  promote 
their  Vegetation.    When  the  Plants 
are  come  up  about  two  Inches  high, 
they  fhould  be  tranfplanted  each  into 
a  feparate  Pot  fiird  with  frefti  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  again  into  an 
Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  obferv- 
ing to  fhade  the  Glafles  in  the  Heat 
of  the  Day,  until  the  Plants  have 
taken  new  Root.     When  the  Plants 
are  grown  about  a  Foot  high,  they 
fhould  have  a  larger  Share  of  Air, 
in  order  to  harden  them  before  the 
Winter;   but  they  fhould   not  be 
wholly  expofed  to  the  open  Air  the 
firft  Year,  becaufe  it  will  flint  their 
Growth.   In  the  Winter  thefe  Plants 
fhould  be  placed  in  a  warm  Stove, 
and  during  that  Seafon  they  fhould 
be  frequently  refrefhed  with  Water ; 
but  it  muft  not  be  given  to  them  in. 
great  Quantities  in  cold  Weather, 
left  it  fhould  rot  their  Roots     In 
the  following  Spring  thefe  Plants 
fhould  be  fliifted  again  into  other 
Pots;  and  if  you  have  Conveniency 
to  plunge  them  into  a  moderate  Hot- 
bed of  Tanners  Bark,  it  will  greatly 
promote  their  taking  new  Root.    In 
June  following  thefe  Plants  fhould 
be  inured  to  bear  the  open  Aix  by 
degrees,  into  which  they  fhould  be 
removed  toward  the  Latter-end  of 
the  fame  Month ;   but  they  fhould 
be  placed  in  a  warm  Situation,  where 
^hey  may  be  fheltered  from  fftong 
Winds :    in  fuch  a  Situation  they 
•will  bear  the  open  Air  of  our  Cli- 
mate very  well  until  September^  when 
they  fhould  be  again  removed  into 
the  Stove,  and  muft  be  managed 
during  the  Winter  fcafon,  as   was' 
before  direftcd.     Thefe  Plants  pro- 
duce their   Flowers   plentifully   in 
Auguft  \  but  they  have  not  as  yet 
produced  any  Fruit  in  this  Country. 
D  They 


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AL 

6.  Alatbrnus  mhnri  folio. 
fur*.  The  fmalMeaT'd  Alaternus. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  are  very  com- 
mon in  moSt  old  Gardens,  and  were 
fonnerly  in  much  Requeil  to  make 
ever-green  Hedges,  bat  are  of  lace 
almoit  wholly  difufed  for  that  Pur* 
pofe.  The  Branches  are  ytry  apt 
to  flicot  flrong,  and  require  often 
clipping  in  Summer,  to  keep  them 
landibme  ;  and  their  being  fubjedk 
to  be  difplaced  by  (Irong  Winds,  or 
great  Snows,  together  with  ^heir 
oeiflg  liable  to  fuffer  in  hard  Win* 
ttn,  has  occafioned  their  being  lefs 
propagated  than  they  were  Ibme 
Years  fince,  when  they  were  in  great 
Efteem  for  covering  Walls,  i^c. 

However,  the  firft,  with  the  third 
tnd  iixth  Sorts,  is  very  proper  for 
WildemeiTes  of  Ever-greens,  or  to 
plant  in  Clumps,  where,  by  the 
Diverfity  of  their  Leaves,  and  dif- 
ferent Shades  of  Green,  they  very 
moch  add  to  the  Beauty  of  fuch 
Fianutions. 

The  three  firft  Sorts  will  grow 
to  the  Height  of  fixteen  or  eighteen 
Feet,  and,  if  fufFered  to  grow  with- 
<>ot  clipping,  are  very  hardy  (efpe- 
^lly  if  they  grow  clofe  together, 
•ramongft  other  Trees);  which  will 
prevent  the  Froft  from  piercing  the 
^^  of  the  Sterns,  which  is  often 
tbe  Caufe  of  their  Deftroaion. 

But  whenever  the(e  Trees  are 
planted  as  Standards,  in  ever- green 
Plantations,  they  will  require  to 
kavc  their  Stems  fupported  for  fome 
Years ;  and  if  their  Shoots,  which 
extend  too  much,  are  now-and  then 
^rten'd,  it  will  preferve  them  from 
^g  torn  by  ftrong  Winds. 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  are 
^^ercr  than  any  of  the  other,  and 
'^uirc  fome  Shelter  in  hard  Wea- 
ker, or  to  be  planted  againft  warm 
^alb  in  Courtyards,  If^c.  to  cover 
^m;  where,  if  they  are  well  kept, 


A  L 

and  not  fuftered  to  grow  from  tht 
Walls,  they  aftord  an  agreeably 
Profpea. 

Thefe  Sorts  are  all  increafed,  by 
laying  down  the  young  Branches  ill 
the  Spring;  which  in  two  Yean 
time  will  have  taken  Root,  and  may 
be  then  tranfplanted  out  either  into 
aNurfery,  or  into  the  Places  where 
they  are  to  remain.  Thefe  Trees 
delight  moft  in  a  light  dry  Tandy 
ftony  Soil,  in  which)  though  they 
do  not  (hoot  fo  ftrong  as  in  a  moift 
rich  Earth,  yet  they  are  lefs  fubjedt 
to  be  hurt  in  Winter. 

They  may  alfo  be  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Berries,  which  ftiould 
be  put  into  the  Ground  in  Autumn, 
foon  a^ter  they  are  ripe,  and  the 
Plants  will  come  up  the  following 
Spring ;  and  if  they  are  kept  clear 
from  Weeds,  and  in  very  dry  Wea- 
ther kept  watered,  they  will  rife  to 
the  Height  of  fix  or  feven  Inches 
the  firft  Year.  If  the  Winter  after 
ihould  prove  very  fevere,  it  will  bo 
necefTary  tO"  cover  them  ;  for  while 
they  are  young,  there  will  be  more 
Danger  of  their  being  defiroycd, 
than  afterward,  when  they  will 
have  acquired  Strength. 

Thefe  Plants  grow  wild  in  Spaing 
Portugal^  and  the  South  of  Prance^ 
from  whence  their  Berries  may  be 
procured.  But  the  firft  Sort  pro* 
duces  Berries  in  Plenty  in  Engianel» 
Thefe  Trees  are  fome  Male,  which 
never  have  Berries ;  only  thofe  have 
thcfm,  which  are  Male  and  Femak 
in  the  fame  Flower. 

ALCEA,  Vervain*maIlow. 
The  CharaHers  are; 

//  hath  the  whole  Habit  of  thi 
MallonVf  or  Athaa ;  hut  differs  from 
hothf  in  halving  its  Leaves  deef  di* 
njided^  fomcwhat  like  Ver*vain, 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Alcea  'vulgaris  major, /lore  eX 

ruhro  rofeo.  C.B*P.  316.     Greater 

D  2  Vervain- 


A  I 

They  retain  their  Leaves  all  the 
Year,  which,  being  thick,  drong,  and 
of  a  fhining-green  Colour,  make  a 
pretty  Variety  amongft  other  tender 
Exotic  Plants  in  the  Winter-feafon, 
for  which  they  are  chiefly  efteemed. 

AlZOON. 

This  Name  has  been  by  feme 
Writers  applied  to  the  Houfe-leek, 
and  alfo  the  Aloes  ;  but  Dr.  Lin- 
nam  has  given  it  to  a  Plant  near-of- 
kin  to  the  Ficoides,  which  has  been 
called  FUoidia,  by  fome  modern  £o- 
taniils. 

The  CharaSers  are  ; 

The  Flofwer-cup  is  di<videdinto  Ji<ve 
Farts :  the  Flower  coufifts  of  one 
Leaf:  the  Seed'<veffel  is  di<uidtd  into 
Jitve  Cells  J  halving  f*ve  Valnjes :  and 
the  Flower-cup  refit  on  the  Top  of 
the  Frmt. 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  AizooH  foliif  oliverfe  o^atis. 
Lin,    Ever-green  with  oval  Leaves. 

2.  AizooN  foliis  lanceclatiiy  fuh- 
ius  hirfutis.  Flor.  Leyd,  Ever-green 
with  fpear-ihaped  Leaves,  hairy  un- 
derneath. 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the 
Canary- IJliinds  :  this  is  an  annual 
Plant,  which  muft  be  raifed  on  a 
moderate  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  fit  to  tranf- 
plant,  they  (houid  be  carefully  taken 
up,  and  planted  each  into  a  fmall 
Pot  flird  with  freih  light  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  another  moderate  Hot- 
bed, obfcrving  to  ihade  them  from 
the  Sun  until  they  have  taken  freih 
Ro«t ;  after  which  they  muil  be 
hardened  by  degrees  to  bear  the 
open  Air,  into  which  they  (hould 
be  removed  inyune^  placing  them 
in  a  dieltered  Situation,  where  they 
will  flower,  and  ripen  their  Seeds  in 
Augufi ;  foon  after  which  the  Plants 
will  periQi. 

The  fecond  Sort  was  brought 
from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope:    this 


A  L 

Sort  will  continue  two  or  three 
Yearsy  provided  they  are  houfed 
with  Ficoides*8  and  Sedums  in  an 
airy  dry  Glafs-cafe  during  the  Win- 
ter-feafon. Thb  Plant  is  propa- 
gated by  Seeds,  as  the  former,  and 
may  be  treated  in  the  fame  manner. 

As  this  Genus  of  Plants  hath  no 
Englijh  Name,  I  have  given  it  this 
of  Ever-green  ;  which  is  a  Name 
applied  by  fome  of  the  antient  Eng» 
lip  Botanifts  to  the  Alzoon  or  Sem" 
per-^ivum;  which  Name  they  ap- 
plied to  the  Houfe-leek. 

ALATERNOIDES.  '  Fide?hy> 
Ilea,  Ciutia,  and  Celaflrus. 

ALATERNUS,  Ever- green 
Privet. 

The  CharaSlers  arc; 

The  Fljiuer  has  no  Empalement^ 
and  confifts  of  one  Leaf  nvhich  is  di* 
'uidt  d  into  four  Parts :  this  is  Juc- 
ceeded  by  a  round  Berry  refiing  upon 
the  upper  Part  of  the  Flonxjer^  'which 
is  divided  into  three  Cells,  each  co?t^ 
taining  a  frgle  Seed  :  to  ivhieh 
Notes  m.iy  he  added.  The  Leaves 
growing  alternately  upon  the  Branches^ 
by  which,  at  any  time  (f  the  Tear^ 
it  may  he  dijlinguijhed  from  Phil* 
Ijrea, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Alat£rnus,  I.  Cluf.  HiJ^, 
This  is  commonly  called.  The 
broad-lea v'd,  or  common  Phillyrea. 

2.  AlatERNUS,  I  Clufiiy  foliis  ex 
luteo  <variegatis.  The  blotch'd  Phil- 
lyrea, 'vulgo, 

3.  Alaternus,  feu  Phylica^  fo- 
liis angujlioriius,  feT  profundius  fer^ 
ratis,  U.  I.  The  narrow-leav'd 
Alaternus,  with  faw'  1  Edges. 

4.  Alaternus,  y^«  Phjlica  au- 
rea,  Ji*ve  foliis  ex  luteo  <variegatis. 
The  Dutch  gold-edg'd  Aiaternus, 
'vulgo, 

5.  ALATBRNU5,y>«  Phyllca  ar- 
gentea.  Jive  foliis  ex  alio  *variegatis» 
The  filver  Phillyrea,  vulgo, 

6.  Ala- 


A  L 

6.  A  LATSRif  us  mtneri  fitio, 
Twmm.  Tke  fmall-leaT'd  Alaternus. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  are  very  com- 
noQ  in  jnoft  old  Gardens,  and  were 
fbnnerly  in  mnch  Requefl  to  make 
ever-green  Hedges,  but  are  of  late 
almott  wholly  difufed  for  that  Pur- 
pofe.  The  Branches  are  very  apt 
to  fiicot  flrong,  and  require  often 
dipping  io  Samroer,  to  keep  them 
handibne  ;  and  their  being  fubje£k 
to  be  difplaced  by  ftrong  Winds^  or 
great  Snows,  together  with  ^heir 
being  liable  to  fuffer  in  hard  Win- 
ten,  has  occafioned  their  being  lefs 
propagated  than  they  were  Ibme 
Years  fince,  when  they  were  in  great 
Efleem  for  covering  Walls,  l^c. 

However,  the  £rfty  with  the  third 
and  fixth  Sorts,  is  yery  proper  for 
WildernefTes  of  Ever-greens,  or  to 
plant  in  Clumpf,  where,  by  the 
Di verity  of  their  Leaves,  and  dif- 
ferent Shades  of  Green,  they  very 
aiach  add  to  the  Beauty  of  fuch 
Plantations. 

The  three  firft  Sorts  will  grow 
to  the  Height  of  fixteen  or  eighteen 
Feet,  and,  if  fuflFered  to  grow  with- 
out clipping,  are  very  hardy  (efpe- 
dally  if  they  grow  clofe  together, 
or  amongft  other  Trees);  which  will 
prevent  the  Froft  from  piercing  the 
Bark  of  the  Sterns,  which  is  often 
the  Caufe  of  their  Deftrudtion. 

But  whenever  thefe  Trees  are 
planted  as  Standards,  in  ever- green 
Plantations,  they  will  require  to 
have  their  Seems  fupported  for  fome 
Years ;  and  if  their  Shoots,  which 
extend  too  much,  are  now-and-then 
ihorten*d,  it  will  preferve  them  from 
being  torn  by  flrong  Winds. 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  are 
tenderer  than  any  of  the  other,  and 
require  fome  Shelter  in  hard  Wea- 
ther, or  to  be  planted  againfl  warm 
Walb  in  Court- yards,  i^c.  to  cover 
them ;  where,  if  they  are  well  kept, 


A  L 

and  not  fuffered  to  grow  ttoXA  tht 
Walls,  they  afiford  an  agreeably 
Profpea. 

Thefe  Sorts  are  all  increafed,  by 
laying  down  the  young  Branches  iii 
the  Spring;  which  in  two  Yean 
time  will  have  taken  Root,  and  may 
be  then  tranfplanted  out  either  into 
a  Nurfery,  or  into  the  PUces  where 
they  are  to  remain.  Thefe  Trees 
delight  moft  in  a  light  dry  fandy 
ftony  Soil,  in  which^  though  they 
do  not  (hoot  fo  ftrong  as  in  a  moift 
rich  Earth,  yet  rhey  are  lefs  fubjeft 
to  be  hurt  in  Winter. 

They  may  alfo  be  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Berries,  which  (hould 
be  put  into  the  Ground  in  Autumn^ 
foon  a^ter  they  are  ripe,  and  the 
Plants  will  come  up  the  following 
Spring ;  and  if  they  are  kept  clear 
from  Weeds,  and  in  very  dry  Wea- 
ther kept  watered,  they  will  rife  to 
the  Height  of  fix  or  feven  Inches 
the  firft  Year.  If  the  Winter  after 
fhould  prove  very  fevere,  it  will  be 
neceffary  to  cover  them  ;  for  while 
they  are  young,  there  will  be  more 
Danger  of  their  being  deftroycd, 
than  afterward,  when  they  will 
have  acquired  Strength. 

Thefe  Plants  grow  wild  in  Spaing 
Portugal,  and  the  South  of  France^ 
from  whence  their  Berries  may  be 
procured.  But  the  firft  Sort  pro-> 
duces  Berries  in  Plenty  in  England, 
Thefe  Trees  are  fome  Male,  which 
never  have  Berries ;  only  thofe  have 
thtfm,  which  are  Male  and  Female 
in  the  fame  Flower 

ALCEA,  Vervain*malIow. 
The  Char  ail  ers  are ; 

It  hath  the  whole  Habit  of  thi 
MallotVf  or  Ath/ea ;  but  differs  from 
bothy  in  hailing  its  Lea*ves  dtef  di* 
videdy  fomcwhat  like  Ver*vain* 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  Alcea  n)ulgaris  maj or ^  flare  eX 

rubro  ro/eo,  C,B»P,  316.     Greater 

D  2  Vervain- 


\ 


A  L 

Vervain-mallow, with  a  rofe-€oloar*d 
Flower. 

2.  AlcEA  vulgaris  major ^  fore 
tandidiore,  C.  B,  P.  316.  Greater 
Vervain -mallow,  wick  a  white 
Flower. 

3.  Alcba  /olio  rotundo  laciniato. 
C.  B,  P.    316.     Vervain  -  mallow 

'  with  a  round  cat  Leaf. 

4.  Alcea  tenuifoUa  crijpa.  J,B. 
II.  1067.  Narrow  curled-leav*d 
Vervain-mallow. 

5.  Alcea.  coTmabina,  C.  B,  P. 
316.  Hemp-Icav'd  Vervain -mal- 
low. 

6.  Alcea  J/ra  /rufe/cetu,  grof- 
Jtlaria    folio ^    flore   far*vo    rubro. 

Boerb,  Jnd.  Alt,  African  Ihrubby 
Vervain  mallow,  with  Goofterry- 
kavesy  and  fmall  red  Flowers. 

7.  Alcea  Africana  arborcfccns^ 
mahva  folio  hirfuto^  flore  par*vo  pur* 
pureo.  Till.  African  tree-like  Ver- 
vain-mallow, with  hairy  Mallow- 
leaves,  and  ifmall  purple  Flowers. 

8.  Alcea  Afra  frutefcens^  grof 
fularite  folio  ampliore^  ungtdbus  flo^ 
rum  atro-rubcntibuj,  A£l.  Phil,  African 
ihrubby  Vervain -mallow,  with  larger 
Goofberry- leaves,  and  dark-red  Spots 
at  the  Bottom  of  the  Flowers. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are 
common  in  Germany ^  France^  and 
feveral  Parts  of  Europe  \  but  the 
fourth  Sort  is  the  moil  common  in 
England.  The  firll  Sort  is  ordered 
for  medicinal  Ufe  ;  but  as  that  is 
not  fo  common  in  England^  the  third 
is  fubftituted  in  its  (lead  ;  and  I  be- 
lieve either  of  the  four  firft  Sorts  may 
be  ufed  indifferently.  Thefe  four 
Sorts  are  biennial  Plants,  and  fel- 
dom  continue  above  one  or  two 
Years  after  they  have  perfected 
Seeds  :  ihcfc  Plants  may  be  propa- 
gated by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  the 
Spring;  and  when  the  Plants  are 
coir.e  up,  they  fhoald  be  thinn'd, 
leaving  ihem  about  a  Foot  afunder. 


A  L 

R 

where  they  may  remain  till  they 
Hower  and  feed;  for  they  do  not 
bear  tranfplanting  well,  their  Roots 
running,  for  the  moll  part,  down-> 
right,  to  a  confiderable  Depth. 
Thefe  Plants  (hould  have  a  poor 
Soil ;  for  in  a  rich  £^th  they  grow 
too  rank,  and  are  fiibje^l  to  rot  in 
Winter. 

lhe£fth  Sort  is  an  abiding  Plant, 
and  is  apt  to  creep  at  the  Root. 
This  may  be  propagated  by  Seeds  as 
the  former,  and  fhould  have  a  lean 
Soil. 

The  fixth  and  fevcnth  Sorts  rife 
to  the  Height  of  eight  or  ten  Feet, 
and  make  handfome  Shrubs :  thefe 
may  be  propagated  by  fowing  their 
Seeds  in  the  Spring,  on  a  Bed  of 
light  Earth ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  come  up  four  or  five  Inches  high, 
they  fhould  be  each  tranfplanted  into 
a  ieparate  fmall  Pot  fiird  with  frefh 
light  Earth,  obferviog  to  water  and 
fhade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  after  which  they  may  be 
expofed  during  the  Summer  to  the 
open  Air ;  but  in  Winter  they  muft 
be  placed  in  the  Green-houfe  with 
Myrtles,  ^c  obferving  10  give  them 
a  large  Share  of  Air  in  mild  Wea- 
ther, and  frequently  refrelh  them 
with  Water.  With  this  Manage- 
ment, they  ^ill  continue  flowering 
moil  Part  of  the  Year. 

The  eighth  Sort  is  a  feminal  Va- 
riety from  the  fixch  Sort,  from  the 
Seeds  of  which  I  have  feveral  times 
had  the  eighth  arife. 

ALCHIMILLA,  Ladies  Mantle. 
The  Cbaraderi  are; 

Tbe  Leafves  are  ftr rated:  the  Cup 
of  the  Flo^^er  is  difvided  into  eight 
Segments^  wShich  are  expanded  in 
form  of  a  Star :  the  Flo^wtrs  are 
colli  Bed  into  Bunches  upon  the  Topt 
of  the  Stalks:  the  Sted-ve^els  fw- 
tain,  for  the  mofl  part,  iive  Seeds  in 
each. 

The 


A  L 

The  Spicies  arc ; 

I.  Alchimjlla  i/ulgaris,  C.  B, 
Common  Ladies  Mantle. 

z.  Alchimilla  Alpina  puhefcens 
mimor.  H.  R.  Far.  The  Icffcr  woolly 
Ladies  Mantle. 

3.  Alchimilla  Aiptna  quinqm- 
filia^  f9iie  fubt us  argent eo.Tourn .  The 

ji/pim  five-leav'd  Ladies  Mantle, 
widi  the  under  Part  of  the  Leaves 
white. 

4.  Alchimilla  minor.  Mor.  Hort, 
Rfg.  BUf.  The  leffcr  Ladies 
Mantle. 

5.  Alchimilla  Alpina  pentaphyl- 
ha  minima ^  lohis  Jimbriatis.  Bocc. 
Mm/,  Par.  2.  1 8.  Leaft  five-leaved 
Ladies  Mantie  of  the  Alps^  v/ith 
fringed  Leaves. 

6.  Alchimilla  montana  minima. 
Col.  Par.  I.  146.  Leail  mountain 
Ladies  Mantle,  commonly  called^ 
Farfley  Ereakdone. 

7.  Alchimilla  fupina^  gramineo 
/«//>,    minore  flore.    Toum.      Low 

gra&-Ieav*d  Ladies  Mantle,  with  a 
iballer  Flower. 

8.  A  LCH I M I  LL A  ereffa,  gramineo 
foli9^  minere  Jlore.  Toum.     Upright 
grafs-leav^'d  Ladies  Mantle,  with  a 
imaller  Flower. 

9.  Alchimilla  gramineo  folio ^ 
mnjori  Jlore.  Tourn.  Grafs-leav'd 
Ladies  Mantle,  with  a  larger  Flower. 

10.  Alchimilla  linari/r  /olio, 
caljce  fiorum  alko.  Toum.  Ladies 
Mantle,  with  a  Toad-flax-leaf,  and 
a  white  Flower-cop 

II.  Alchimilla  liner i/e  folio, 
ealyce  Jlerum  fuhluteo.  Toum.  I  adies 
Mantle,  with  a  Toad -flax- leaf,  and 
a  ycllowifh  Flower  cup. 

12.  Alchimilla  Orientalis,  li- 
nnritr  folio  hrenjiJJimOy  caly  ce  forum 
olbo.  Tourn.  C^r.  Eaftcrii  J. adies 
Mantle  with  a  very  (hort  'J'oad- 
flax-lcaf,  and  a  white  Flower-cup. 

13.  Alchimilla  Gnectf,  kali 
fAio,  £filjce  fiorum  alhido*     loum* 


A  L 

Citr.  Greek  Ladies  Mantle,  with 
a  Glaflfwort-leaf,  and  a  whiti(h 
Flower-cup. 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Plant  fometimes 
ufed  in  Phyfic,  and  is  gathered  fre- 
quently in  moid  Meadows,  and  at 
fome  DiA^nce  from  London.  This 
may  be  kept  in  a  Garden,  if  planted 
in  a  moift  Soil ;  and  is  increafed  by 
parting  the  Roots. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  much  lefs 
Plant  than  the  firfl,  and  is  woolly 
and  foft  to  the  Touch ;  but  this 
Plant,  when  cultivated  in  a  good 
Soil,  will  grow  to  be  almoil  as  big 
as  tiie  fird-. 

The  third  Sort  is  found  wild  in 
Weftmorlojid,  and  ether  Northern 
Parts  of  England:  this,  with  the 
two  former,  is  preferved  in  curious 
Botanic  Gardens ;  but  as  there  is 
little  Beauty  in  them,  they  are  fel- 
dom  planted  in  Gardens  for  Plea- 
fure:  they  are  all  propagated  by 
parting  their  Roots,,  or  fowing  their 
Seeds  Toon  after  they  are  ripe. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  an  annual 
Plant,  which  is  very  plentifully 
found  on  Heaths,  and  other  uncul- 
tivated Places,  in  divers  Parts  of 
England\  and  if  once  tranfplanted 
into  a  Garden,  and  fufTered  to  ripen 
Seeds,  will  come  up  and  maintain 
itfelf  without  any  Care.  This 
Plant  is  often  brought  to  the  Mar- 
kets in  London^  and  fo|d  for  Rup- 
ture-wort, which  is  a  very  differ- 
ent Plant ;  but  is  not  to  be  found 
wi!d  near  London. 

Thefc  Plants  are  many  of  them 
preferved  in  Botanic  Gardens  for 
Variety :  they  all  grow  wild  in 
England,  Holland,  and  Flanders^  ex- 
cept the  two  laft-mcfliion'd,  which 
Monf  Tournefort  found  in  his  Voy- 
age to  the  Linjont.  They  are  molt 
of  them  annual  Plants  i  and  if  they 
are  permitted  to  ihed  their  Seeds  in 
AuUHin,  {he  Planu  will  come  up» 
D  3  and 


A  L 

%nA  reqaire  no  other  Cultarey  but 
to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds. 

ALOERTREE.     fiiie  AInas. 

ALESANDER,  or  ALEXAN* 
PER.     y^i^^  Smyrnium. 

ALKEKENGF,  Winter-chcny. 
The  .Cbaraders  arc  j 

It  hath  a  Flower,  njuhich  confifis 
0f  one  Leaf^  and  is  expanded  at  the 
7op^  but  of  a  pentagonal  Figure : 
the  Fruit  (*whieh  is  about  the  Big- 
fufi  of  a  Cbirry)  is  in  hfid  in  the 
Clip  of  the  Flo*w€r^  nukiih  J<iictlls  over 
it  in  form  of  a  Bladder. 
Tiie  Species  are ; 

1.  Alkekpngi  ojfficinarum.  Toum, 
Common  Winter  Cherry  of  the 
Shops. 

2.  Alkekengi  officinarum,  foliis 
wariegatis.  Tourn.  Common  Winter 
Cherry,  with  variegated  Leaves. 

J.  ALKEK£NGi/r»^«  par*vo  ver- 
ticillato.  Tourn.  Winter  Cherry 
with  fmall  Fruit  growing  in  Whorles 
round  the  Stalks. 

4.  Alkekenoi  Virginianum^ 
fruQu  luieo,  Tourn,  Virginian  Win- 
ter Cherry,  with  ydlow  Fruit. 

J.  Alkekenoi  Indicum  majus, 
Tourn.  Greater  Indian  Winter 
Cherry. 

6.  Alkekenoi  Americanum  an* 
nuum  ramojijjimum,  fru^  ex  luteo 
virefcenti.  Houjl,  American  an- 
nual branching  Winter  Cherry, 
with  a  yellowifh-green  Fruit. 

7.  Alkekengi  Americanum  em- 
%uum  maximum  'vifcofum.  Houft. 
The  largeft  annual  American  Winter 
Cherry. 

8.  Alkekengi  Sarhadenfe  patU' 
Afff,  panvo  fiore^  fruSiu  amplo^  mu^ 
frone  produSiiori,  A3.  Phil.  N^  399. 
Dwarf  Barbados  Winter  Cherry, 
with  a  fmall  Flower,  and  an  ample 
pointed  Fruit. 

9.  Alkekengi  CuraffsLvicum^  fo* 
His  origani  incanisy  fore  *viete  Jul- 
i  buret f  fundi  purfureq.  Boerb,   Lid. 


A  L 

Jlt.ix.  66.  Hoary  Winter  Cherry 
from  Curajfo^  with  Origany  leaves, 
and  fulphur-colour'd  Flowers  with 
purple  iottoms. 

10.  Alkekenoi  Americanum  frw^ 
tefcenSf  fruBu  globofo  rubr  ,  mcfica 
atro'purpurea,  Houft.  Shrubby  Ame^ 
rican  Winter  Cherry,  with  a  round 
red  Fruit,  having  a  dark-purplo 
Bladder. 

11.  Alkekengi  Bonarienfe  r#- 
pensy  bacca  turbinata  'vifcofa.  Hor* 
Bltb.  Creeping  Alkekengi  of  Bue^ 
nos  Aires,  with  a  clammy  top-fhap'd 
Berry. 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 
the  Englijh  Gardens,  where  it  is  prc- 
fcrved  for  the  Appearance  of  its 
Fruit,  which  is  ripe  in  OSobeVy  and 
continues  often  till  the  Middle  of 
December :  it  is  about  the  Size  of 
a  common  Cherry,  and  of  a  fine 
red  Colour.  This  Fruit  is  inclofed 
in  a  Bladder  of  a  deep-red  Colour, 
which,  when  ripe,  burfls,  and  ex- 
pofes  the  Fruit  to  Sight.  It  may  be 
propagated  by  fowing  the  Seeds  in 
the  Spring,  or  by  the  Roots,  which 
creep  very  much  ;  fo  that  if  xhtj 
are  not  confined,  they  will  foon 
overfpread  a  large  Trad  of  Ground ; 
therefore,  to  have  them  more  beau- 
tiful, they  ihould  be  confined  in 
Pots,  which  ihould  be  placed  in  the 
Shade  in  Summer,  and,  if  conftantly 
watered  in  dry  Weather,  will  pro- 
duce great  Numbers  of  Fruit.  This 
Sort  is  ordered  for  medicinal  Ufe 
by  the  College  of  Phyficians.  The 
fecond  Sort  is  a  Variety  of  the  firft, 
differing  only  in  having  variegated 
Losiviis.  I'his  may  be  managed  as 
the  former. 

The  third,  ninth,  and  tenth  Sorts 
are  abiding  Plants,  which  require  to 
be  flielter'd  from  the  Cold  in  Win- 
ter. The  third  Sort  grows  to  a 
Shrub  of  about  three  Feet  high,  and 
produces  great  ^umbers  of  Fruit 

annually;  . 


A  L 

annually :  this  may  be  propagated 
hy  fowing  the  Seeds  on  a  moderate 
Hot- bed  in  the  Spring.  In  June 
diefe  Plants  fhonld  be  potted,  and 
placed  in  a  fhady  Situation,  until 
they  have  taken  Root ;  after  which 
they  may  be  expofed  to  the  open 
Air  in  Summer ;  but  in  Winter  they 
maft  be  placed  in  a  warm  Green- 
iioufe. 

The  ninth  Sort  creeps  very  much 
at  the  Root,  and  is  eafily  propagated 
by  parting  the  Roots  in  the  Spring. 
Thib  muft  be  houfed  in  Winter  as 
the  former,  but  may  be  expofed  in 
Summer :  it  produces  Flowers  an- 
cually ,  bat  has  not  produced  any 
Fruit  in  England. 

The  tenth  Sort  grows  to  the 
Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet :  this 
is  propagated  by  fowing  the  Seeds 
OD  an  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring,  and 
muft  be  afterwards  potted,  as  hath 
been  direded  for  the  third  Sort ;  but 
this  muft  be  placed  in  a  Stove  in 
Winter,  it  being  the  tcndereft  of  all 
the  Sorts  here  mention^. 

The  fourth,  fifth,  fixth,  fcventh, 
and  eighth  Sorts  are  annual  Plants, 
and  require  to  be  raifed  on  an  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring;  and  when  the 
Plants  are  come  up  two  Inches  higb« 
they  (hould  be  tranfplanted  to  an- 
other moderate  Hot- bed,  obferving 
to  water  and -(hade  them  until  they 
have  taken  Root ;  after  which  time 
they  muft  have  a  large  Share  of 
frefli  Air ;  and  in  June  they  may  be 
taken  up  with  a  Ball  of  Earth  (o 
their  Roots,  and  tranfplanted  either 
into  Pots  or  Borders  of  liglit  Earth, 
where  they  may  remain  to  perfect 
their  Fruit. 

The  eleventh  Sort  will  live  in  the 
open  Ground  in  moderate  Winters, 
provided  it  is  planted  in  a  dry  Soil, 
and  a  warm  Situation  ;  but  in  harvl 
Froft  it  is  often  deftioycd  ;  fo  that  ^ 
Plant  or  two  (hould  be  prefervcd  in 


A  L 

Pots,  and  hottfed  in  Winter,  to  pre« 
ferve  the  Sort.  This  Sort  may  be 
eafily  propagated  by  its*  creeping 
Roots,  or  from  the  Seed ;  and  re- 
quires very  little  Care  in  its  Culture. 

ALLELUJAH.     ViJe  Oxys. 

ALU  ARIA,  Sawce- alone,  or 
Jack  by  the  Hedge.     Vide  Hefperis. 

ALLIUM,  Garlick. 
The  tharaAers  arc; 

It  bath  a  bulbous  Root,  confifting  tf 
many  fmall  Tubercles  included  in  thg 
Co*vertngs  (or  Coats)  thereof:    tbt 
Leagues  are  plain :    the  Flofwers  con* 
Jifi  of  fix  Leaves ,  nubich  are  formed 
into  a  Corymbus  upon  the  Top  of  the 
Stalks :  the  FLivers  are  fucceedtd  by 
fuhrotund  Fruity  luhich  are  M*uidtd 
into  three  Cells^  in  njuhich  are  con' 
tained  roundijh  Seeds,  , 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Aluvia  /atiKfum.  C.B,  The 
common  or  manured  Garlick. 

2 .  Allium  fati*vum  altermm^  fime 
Jlliopra/umt  caulis  fummo  circttm* 
voluto.  C.  B,    The  Rocambole. 

3.  Allium  Jyhfefire  latt  Solium. 
C.  B.  Ramfons,  or  broad  leav*d 
wild  Garlick. 

4.  Allium  j^lveftre  amphicar* 
pon^  fioliis  porraceisy  fioribus  fcT  »«* 
cleis  purpureit.  Raii  Syn,  Broad - 
leav'd  mountain  Garlick,  with  pur- 
ple Flowers. 

5.  Athiv M  J^'lvefire  bicorne^  Jiore 
ex  herhaceo  alhicante^  cum  triplici  im 
fingulis  pet  alts  firia  atro-purpurea^ 
Raii  Syn,  Ed  3.  370.  Wild  Gar- 
lick, with  an  herbaceous  ftriped 
Flower. 

6.  Allium  Holmen/e^  fpb/eric9 
capitc.  Raii  Syn.  Ed.  3.  370.  Great 
round-headed  Garlick  of  the  Holms* 
JJlnnd. 

7.  Allium  hulhiferum  Virginia* 
rtirn.  Bocrh,  Ind,  Alt,  Virginian 
Gt^rlick. 

8.  Allium  lati/aHum  Im'ium* 
Injt.  R.  H.    The  yellow  Moly. 

D  4  9.  Al- 


A  L 

9.  Aluvu  latifoUum  lilijlorttm. 
Jnft.  R.  //.  Great  broadlcav^d 
Moly. 

10.  Allium  angufiifoUum  am- 
bellntum.    Inft.  R.  H.     Diofcoridti% 

Moly. 

1 1.  Allium  montanum^fdiisnar- 
t'tjp^  mojus.  C.  B.  P.  Mountain 
Garlick,  with  Leaves  like  the  Nar- 
ciiTui. 

12.  Allium  cau/e  triangulo,  Infl, 
R.  H,  Garlick  with  a  triangular 
Stalk. 

13.  Allium  mantanvm  laii folium 
macuktum,  Injl,  R.  H.  Broad 
ipotted-]eav*d  mountain  Garlick. 

14  Allium  montanumt  folils  nar» 
eijpf  minuf.  Jnft.  R.  H.  Smaller 
xnountain  Garlick,  wich  a  N^cifius- 
leai. 

1^.  Allium  montanum^  r a  dice 
eblenga,  C,  B.  P,  Mountain  Gar- 
lick, with  an  oblong  Root. 

16.  Allium  jaxutilc^  acwri  ra- 
dtce^fiore  purfureo,  Bocc,  Muf,  Rock 
Garickp  with  a  Flag-root,  and  pur- 
ple Flower. 

17.  Allium  latifoUum  liliflorum , 
jlore  fu'i*vurubente.  .  Jnft.  firoad- 
leav'd  Garlick,  with  a  Lily-iiower 
of  a  foft  red  Colour. 

18.  Allium  latifoUum  Hijpa' 
nicum..  Ift,  R,  K  Broad-lcav'd 
Sfanijv  Garlick. 

19  Allium  angufii/oliump  fio- 
Tihfis  majoribus.  Inft.  R.  H.  Nar- 
row-lcav'd  Garlick,  with  larger 
Flower-*. 

20.  Allium  fyheftrty  five  Moly 
minus f  rcfeo  amplo  Jlore.  Bot,  Monfp, 
Suiallcr  wild  Garlick  of  Alontpelier, 
With  a  large  rofc-colour'd  Flower. 

21.  Allium  JyI'vrftre  perpufillum 
juncifoHum  mo/cbatum.  J-  B.     Low 
wild    Garlick,    with    a  Rufh-leaf, 
fmcll.ng  like  Mufk. 

22.  Allium    montanum     minuj. 

C.  p.  P*    LeiTer  mountain  Garlick. 


A  L 

23.  Allium  ptregritam,  Jbriiuf 
alh9-'otridibms.  Jnft.  R,  H.  Foreign 
Garlicky  with  Flowers  of  a  white- 
green  Colour. 

The  two  firft  Species  are  cafily 
propagated  by  planting  the  Cloves, 
or  (mail  Bulbs,  in  Auguft  or  Sep- 
tember^ in  Beds  about  four  or  five 
Inches  Diftance  from  each  other, 
keeping  them  clean  from  ^  Weeds. 
About  the  Beginning  of  Jumt  the 
Leaves  (hould  be  tied  in  Knots,  to 
prevent  their  fpindling,  or  running 
to  Seed,  which  will  greatly  inlarg^ 
the  Bulb.  In  the  Middle  of  Ju^ 
the  Leaves  will  begin  to  wither  and 
decay,  at  which  time  they  (hould 
be  taken  out  of  the  Ground,  and 
hanged  up  in  a  dry  Room,  to  pre* 
vent  their  rotting;  and  may  be  thus 
prefcrved  for  Winter-ufc. 

The  third  Sort  was  formerly  in 
greater  Eileem  than  at  prefent,  it 
being  rarely  cultivated  in  Gardens ; 
but  is  found  wild  in  moid  ihady 
Places  in  roapy  Parts  of  England  \ 
and  may  be  cultivated  by  planting 
the  Roots  in  a  moid  (hady  Border  at 
almofl  any  time  of  the  Year ;  but 
the  beft  Seafon  is  in  July^  jufl  as 
the  green  Leaves  are  deca>ing. 

The  fourth,  fifth,  and  fixth  Sorts 
grow  wild  in  the  Northern  Parts  of 
England \  but  are  by  the  Curious  in 
Botany  preferved  in  their  Gardens. 
They  are  all  very  hardy,  and  may 
be  removed  in  July  or  Auguft^ 
when  their  Leaves  begin  to  decay, 
and  will  thrive  in  almofl  any  Soil  or 
Situation. 

The  fcventh  Sort  was  brought 
from  Virginia^  and  is  preferved  in 
Botanic  Gardens  for  Variety -fake, 
but  has  no  great  Beauty  :  it  is  very 
hardy,  and  will  thrive  in  the  open 
Air  very  well ;  and  is  propagated 
by  its  Bulbs,  which  are  produced  in 
Plenty  on  the  Top  of  the  Stalks. 

the 


L 


AL 

The  elghthyiilnth,  tenth,  eleventh, 
thirteenth,  fourteenth,  fixteenth,  fe- 
TCDteenth,  nineteenth,  and  twenty- 
£rft  Sorts,  are  preferved  in  Gardens 
for  Variety.  They  are  all  of  them 
Tery  hardy,  and  will  thrive  in  al- 
Boftany  Soil  or  Situation;  and  are 
ea£ly  propagated  either  by  their 
Roots,  or  from  Seeds :  if  from  the 
l^oocs,  the  beft  time  is  in  Autumn, 
that  they  may  take  good  Root  in  the 
Ground  before  the  Spring,  which  is 
necefiary  in  order  to  have  them 
fiower  ftrong  the  following  Sum- 
mer. If  they  are  propagated  by 
Seeds,  they  may  be  Town  on  a  Bor- 
der of  common  Earth,  either  in  Au- 
tumn, Toon  after  the  Seeds  are  ripe, 
or  in  the  Spring  following ;  and  will 
require  no  farther  Care,  but  to  keep 
them  clear  from  Weeds :  in  the  fol- 
lowing Autumn  the  Plants  may  be 
tnofplanted  into  the  Borders  where 
tbey  arc  to  remain  for  good. 

The  greateil  Part  of  ihefe  Plants 
produce  their  Flowers  in  Mayy  June, 
and  July,  except  the  twenty-firft 
Sort,  which  feldom  flowers  till  Au- 
l^p.  This  is  a  very  low  Plant,  fel- 
dom rifmg  more  than  fix  Inches 
Hh,  and  has  little  Beauty  in  the 
Flowers;  but,  having  a  mu/ky  Scent, 
It  is  preferved  by  fome  curious  Pcr- 
foDs  in  their  Gardens. 

The  yellow  Moly,  as  alfo  the  fix- 
tetnth  Sort,  arc  Plants  which  grow 
about  a  Foot  high ;  and  having  fome 
^ttty  in  their  Flowers,  are  worthy 
of  a  PUce  in  fuch  Borders  of  the 
flower-garden  where  few  better 
things  will  thrive.  Thefe  increafe 
plcniifully  both  by  Roots  and  Seeds. 

The  ninth  and  feventeenth  Sorts 
grow  upward  of  two  Feet  high  \  and 
''hen  they  are  in  flower,  make  a 
prftiy  Appearance ;  and  as  they  arc 
not  troublefome  to  keep,  may  be  al- 
lowed a  Place  in  the  Borders  of  the 
Rcwcr  garden. 


A  L 

AIL  the  other  Sorts  are  equally 
hardy,  and  will  grow  in  any  Soil  or 
Situation ;  but  as  they  have  little 
Beauty,  they  are  rarely  preferved, 
except  in  Botanic  Gardens,  for  the 
fake  of  Variety. 

ALMOND-TREE.  r,V/Amyg- 
dalus. 

ALMOND  DWARF.  VideYei' 
£ca. 

ALNUS,.  The  Alder-tree. 
The  CbarmSfers  are  i 

It  bath  Leagues  refemhltng  thofi  of 
the  Hasul:  the  Mah  Flowers  (or 
Katkins)  are  froiuced  at  remote  Di- 
fiances  from  the  Frtut,  om  the  fnte 
Tree :  the  Fruit  is  fquamofe,  and  of 
a  conical  Figure. 

The  Species  are  i 

1.  Alnus  rotundifolia  glutinofa 
«uiridis,  C.  B,  The  common  or 
round-leav*d  Alder. 

2.  Ahvu B  folio  ohlongo  inridi.  C» 
B,     The  long-leav'd  Alder. 

3.  Alnxjs  'vulgaris,  fub  eonis  tt' 
gulis  memhranateis  rubris  donafa^ 
Raii  Syn.  Ed.  3.  Thc  fcarlct  Al- 
der. 

4.  Alnus  folio  incano.  C.  B,  F* 
Hoary-lcav'd  Aider. 

5.  Alhv s  Alj>ina  mojor.  C,B*P» 
Small  Alder  of  the  Adfs. 

6.  Alkus  mo  fit  ana  y  palRdo  gla^ 
bro  finuato  ulmi  folio,  Bocc,  Muf 
Mountain  Alder,  with  a  pale  fmooth 
indented  Elm -leaf. 

7.  ki^{\i%  montana,  crif^o,  glutl- 
Tfofo,  £«r  denticulato  folio,  Bocc.  Muf, 
Mountain  Alder,  with  a  curled  glu- 
tinous indented  Leaf. 

8.  Alnus  montana,  lato  crijpo 
glutinofo  folio  ferrate,  Bocc,  Muf 
Mountain  Alder,  with  a  broad  curled 
iawed  Leaf. 

The  firfl  Sort  of  Alder  is  the  mod 
common  in  England;  the  fecond  be- 
ing  rarely  feen,  unlefs  in  the  Gar- 
dens of  fome  *cttriouB  Perfon?;  tho* 

thef 


A  L 

they  are  both  equally  hardy,  and 
mgy  be  propagated  with  Eafe. 

The  third  was  found  in  a  Meadow 
near  Lmtg-Leit,  ibme  Years  iince  ; 
but  I  believe  it  to  be  an  accidental 
Variety  of  the  common  Alder,  be- 
canfe  the  Cuttings  which  were  taken 
from  the  Tree  did  not  retain  the 
Difference  when  they  had  made 
firong  Shoots. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  yet  more  un- 
common in  EtigLutdi  and  alfo  in 
inoft  Parts  of  Europe.  I  do  not  re- 
member more  than  one  Tree  of 
thisKindy  which  was  in  a  famous 
Garden  of  Dr.  BMrhaa've\  near 
Lfydift  in  Hcllandf  who  had  raifed 
St  from  a  Cutting  which  was  fent  him 
from  Jtipria, 

The  hfch»  fixth,  feventh»  and 
eighth  Sorts  are  Plants  of  humble 
Growth  ;  and,  being  Natives  of  the 
Jilps^  and  other  mountainous  Parts 
of  EuropCy  they  <ire  with  Difficulty 
kept  in  Gardens :  for  they  delight 
in  moiH  peaty  Soils,  and  grow  much 
better  upon  molTy  Bogs,  than  in 
good  Ground.  I  have  tranfplanted 
two  of  the  Sorts  into  a  Garden, 
where,  by  keeping  them  in  Pots  in 
a  fhady  Situation,  and  conllantly  wa- 
tered, I  have  maintained  them  three 
or  four  Years ;  but  when  they  were 
planted  in  the  full  Ground,  they  did 
not  furvive  one  Summer,  although 
they  were  frequently  watered.  Thefe 
Plants  did  not  rife  above  ilx  Inches 
with  me ;  nor  do  I  believe  they  ever 

frow  to  be  more  than  three  or  four 
eet  high  in  the  native  Places  of 
their  Growth  ;  fo  that  they  are  not 
worth  cultivating,  unlefs  by  way  of 
Curiofity. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  delight  in  a 
very  moift  Soil,  where  few  other 
Trees  will  thrive,  and  are  a  great 
Improvement  to  fuch  Lands :  they 
arc  propagated  cither  by  Layers,  or 
planting  of  Ti  uncheons  about  three 


A  L 

Feet  in  Length,  in  Fihmary,  ta  the 
Beginning  of  Marcb^  which  ihould 
be  iharpened  at  one  End,  and  the 
Ground  loofened  with  an  Inftra- 
ment  before  they  are  thruft  into  it, 
left  by  the  Hardnefs  of  the  Soil  the 
Bark  fliould  be  torn  off,  which  may 
occaiion  their  Mifcarriage.  They 
fhould  be  thruft  into  the  Earth  at 
leafl  two  Feet,  to  prevent  their  be- 
ing blown  out  of  the  Ground  by 
ilrong  Winds. 

If  you  raife  them  by  laying  down 
the  Branches,  it  muft  be  performed 
in  O^oberi  and  by  the  OSlober  fol- 
lowing, they  will  have  taken  Roots 
fufficient  to  be  tranfplanted  out; 
which  muft  be  done  by  digging  an 
Hole,  and  loofening  the  Earth  in  the 
Place  where  each  Plant  is  to  ftand, 
planting  the  young  Tree  at  leaft  a 
Foot  and  an  half  deep,  cutting  off 
the  Top  to  about  nine  Inches  above 
the  Surface,which  will  occafion  them 
to  ftioot  out  many  Branches. 

The  Diftance  thefe  Trees  (hould 
be  placed  (if  dcfignM  for  a  Coppice) 
is  fix  Feet  fquare ;  and  if  the  fmall 
lateral  Shoots  are  taken  off  in  the 
Spring,  it  will  very  much  (Irengthen 
your  upright  Poles,  provided  you 
leave  a  few  imail  Shoots  at  Diftances 
upon  the  Body  thereof,  to  detain  the 
Sap  for  the  Increafe  of  its  Bulk. 

Thefe  Trees  may  be  alfo  planted 
on  the  Sides  of  Brooks  (as  is  ufual 
for  Willows),  where  they  will  thrive 
exceedingly,  and  may  be  cut  for 
Poles  every  fourth  or  fifth  Year. 
This  Wood  is  in  great  Requeft  with 
the  Turners,  and  will  endure  a  long 
time  under-ground,  or  to  be  laid  in 
Water. 

The  Alder-tree  is  alfo  very  pro- 
per to  plant  for  Hedges,  efpecially 
in  moift  Ground,  where  ihey  thrive 
very  faft,  and  may  be  trained  into 
very  thick  dole  Hedges  to  the 
Height  of  twenty  Feel  and  upwards. 

The 


A  L 

The  Leaves  of  this  Tree^beiog  large, 
and  of  a  deep  Green,  have  a  very 
gaod  E£Mt  in  Hedges  i  and  where 
they  are  {Wanted  ibr  Coppke-wood 
in  moift  Land,  make  a  much  better 
Figure  than  moft  other  aquatic 
Trees  ;  fo  that  where  the  Beauty  of 
foch  PJantatioof  is  confider'd,  thefe 
Ihoold  be  preferr'd  to  the  other  Sorts 
of  Trees  ufually  planted  in  fwampy 
Grounds. 

ALNUS  NIGRA  BACCIFEKA.    Ft' 

irFranguIa. 

ALOE. 

The  Choral rr J  are; 

Tie  Ltsvts  are  thick  and  fucculent^ 
asd^  far  ibe  moft  pari^  befet  *witb 
Spiaes  em  the  Edges  :  the  Flower  con- 
ftfii  of  one  Leaf  is  tubulous^  and  cut 
SMte  fix  Segments  at  the  Top^  like  the 
Bjacinth  :  the  Fruit  is  oblong  and  cy^ 
lindrical^  twhicb  is  di*uided  into  thi'ee 
Cells f  in  «wbicb  are  contained  flaty 
Mudf  for  the  moft  part,  femicircular 
Steds. 

The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Aloi  jimericana  muricata.  y, 
B.  The  common  large  American 
Aloe. 

2.  Aloe  Americana  minor,  Munt, 
The  lefler  American  Aloe. 

3.  Aloe  Americana  ex  Fera  Cruce^ 
fiiiit  ongmftioribMSj  minus  glaucis.  H, 
Biaum.  The  narrow-leav'd  Aloe 
from  Fera  Cruz, 

4.  Aloe  Americana  ex  FeraCrnce, 
filiis  lationbus  ^  glands,  H,  H,  The ' 
broad-leavM  Aloe  from  Fera  Cruz, 

5.  Aloe  Americana^  folio  miridi 
rigidiJlftmo  faetido^  Piet  di£ia  indige^ 
wis,  H.  Bcaum,  The  broad  green- 
IcavM  Aloe  from  Curajfo^  with  black 
Spines. 

6.  Aloe  Americana ^  folio  inridi 
fcrrata^  Silk-grafs  di£la.  The  Ame- 
rican Aloe,  with  green  fcrrated 
Leaves,  called  in  the  Weft-lndieSy 
Silk-grafs. 

7.  Aloe  Americana fobolif era,  H. 


A  L 

L,  The  American  Aloe,  which  pro- 
duces young  Plants  out  of  the  Flow- 
er-ftems. 

8.  Aloe  vulgaris.  C.B,  The 
common  Barbados  Aloe. 

9.  Aloe  Africana,  foliis  glaucis, 
margine  tsf  dorfi  parte  fupiriore  Jpt' 
^ofisf  fiore  rubro.  Com,  Pral,  The 
African  ftalky  Aloe,  with  glaucous 
ferrated  Leaves,  and  red  Flowers. 

10.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcens^  fo^ 
His  fpinofisy  maculis  ab  utrafue  partg 
albicantihus  notatis.  H,  A,  The  com- 
mon large  fpotted  African  Aloe, 
falily  called.  The  Carolina  Aloe. 

11.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcens^  fo^ 
His  fpinofiSy  maculis  ab  utraque  parte 
albicantibus  obfcurioribus,  magis  glau- 
cis quam  praccdens.  Boerh,  The  largd 
fpotted  African  Aloe,  with  Leaves 
more  glaucous,  i,e,  bluer  or  greyer, 
than  the  former. 

12.  Aloe  Africana  arbor efcem 
montanOy  non  fpino/a,  folio  longiffima 
pUcatiliyflore  rubro,  H,A.  Tkt  Afri- 
can Aloe-tree,  with  flat  long  fmooth 
Leaves  without  Spines. 

13.  Aloe  Aft icana  caulefcensy  fe^ 
His  glaucis  caulem  ampledentibmst 
dorfo  integro  fpinofo.  Com.  Rar,  The 
African  flalk'd  Aloe,  with  glaucous 
Leaves  furrounding  the  Stalks,  and 
Spines  growing  on  the  Back  of  the 
Leaves. 

14.  Aloe  Africana  cauhfcensyfo" 
His  glaucis  brenjiorihuSy  caulem  am^ 
ple^cntibusjfoliorum  parte  interna  fsT 
externa  nonnibil  fpinofa.  Cam,  Bar, 
The  African  Aloe,  with  (horter  glau- 
cous Leaves  furrounding  the  Stalks, 
and  Spines  within  and  outfide  of  the 
Leaves. 

15.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcensyfo" 
His  glaucis  bre^vij/imisy  foliorumfum* 
mitate  interna  CS*  externa  nonnibil 
fpinofa.  Cam.  Bar.  The  African  Aloe, 
with  the  Aiorteil  glaucous  Leaves, 
and  Spines  on  bo:h  Sides  of  the 
Leaves  at  the  Extremity. 

x6.  Aloe 


A  L 

16.  A  LOB  Afneana  humtUs^  /pi' 
wis  imrmihm  ti  'uerrucis  ohfita.  Cam. 
JUr.  The  Dwarf  African  Aloe,  with 
Leaves  armM  with  Spine?  and  Warts, 
commonly  called.  The  Hedghog 
Aloe. 

17.  Aloe  Africana  hMmilis^  fo^ 
Uis  ex  albo  is  virii/i  'varifffatis .  Com, 
Rar,  The  Dwarf  Aft  icon  Aloe,  with 
green  and  white  variegated  Leave?, 
commonly  called,  Ine  Partridge- 
bread  Aloe. 

18.  h\,o%  Africana  ertSa  trian* 
gttlaris,  bf  trianguiati  fo!i9  'vifco/o. 
Com,  Rar.  The  upright  triangular- 
leaved  viicous  Aloe. 

19.  Aloe  A//  icaua  ertQa  rotunda ^ 
folio  fiir*U0y  ^  in  acumen  rigidijfimum 

exeunte.Ctm.  Rar.  The  upright  ^ri- 
ean  Aloe,  with  fmall  iharp-pointed 
Leaves. 

20.  Aloe  Africana,  flore  ruhro, 
folio  trianguhri  'uerrucis  iff  ah  utra- 
que  parte  albicantibus  notato.  H.  A, 
The  triangular-lea v'd  African  Aloe, 
with  white  Tubercles  on  every  Part 
of  the  Leaf,  and  red  Flowers. 

21.  Aloe  Africana  margariti- 
f era  minor.  H.  A.  The  fmall  Pearl 
A!oc. 

22  Aloe  Africana^  folio  infum- 
mi t ate  tiiangulari  margantifera^  fo- 
re fubviridi.  H.A.  The  greater  Pearl 
Aloe,  *vulgo. 

23.  Aloe  Africana  foliis  planis 
eonjugatis  carinatis  •verrucofis^  caule 
fe*  Jiore  corallti  colore,  Boerh.  Ind. 
The  African  Aloe,  with  plain  fleftiy 
Leaves  growing  oppoiite,  which  arc 
full  of  Tubercles,  and  red  Flow- 
ers. 

24.  Aloe  Africana  minima  atro- 
n>irtdiiy  fpinis  hcrbaceis  numerojii  or- 
nata.  Boerb,  Ind.  The  lead  Afri- 
tan  Aloe,  with  dark  green  Leaves, 
which  are  fet  very  thick  with  grcen- 
i(h  Spines; 

25.  Aloe  Africma,  fore  rubro, 
folin  maculis  allicantibui  ab  utraque 


A  L 

parte  notato,    H.  A,    The  ToBgae 
Aloe,  vulgo. 

26.  Aloe  Africana f  foliit  ptanU 
iaiioribus  minime  JerratiSy  carinatis^ 
caule  bf  fUre  corallii  colore*  2nA. 
The  hroad-vleaved  Tongue  Aloe, 
njulgo. 

27.  Aloe  Africana,  foliis  longis 
coffjugatiSf  fupra  ca*uis  margaritife- 
ris,  fhre  rubra  elegantiffimo.  Boerb. 
bid.  J^he  Pearl  Tongue  Aloe,  <z;«i^#. 

28.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcens,  Jh^ 
lio  crajfo  ohfcure  liridi,  Jpinis  ad  la^ 
tera  iff  in  dorfo  armata.  Boerh.  Ind, 
The  ilalky  African  Aloe,  with  thick 
dark -green  Leaves,  arm*d  withSgines 
on  the  Back- fide  of  the  Leaves. 

29.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcens,  fo' 
His  gliiucis  caul  em  ampleBentibus.  H. 
A.  The  flalky  African  Aloe,  with 
glaucous  Leaves  furrounding  the 
Stalks. 

30.  Aloe  Africana  caulefcens,  fo^ 
Hit  minus  glaucis  caulem  amflc&enti' 
hus^foribus  rubris.  The  Sword  Aloe, 
ifuigo. 

31.  Aloe  Americana  foliis  ex  alho 
W  'viridi  elegant er  'variegatis.  Hort. 
Beaum.  The  llriped  American  Aloe. 

32.  Aloe  Africana,  brtntiffimo 
craffffimoque  folio,  fore  fuh*oiridi. 
H.  A.  The  Cufliion  Aloe,  njulgo. 

33.  Aloe  Africana^  folio  trian^ 
gulo  longiffimo  l3  avguftifjimo^fioribus 
luteis  faetidis.  H.  L.  The  African 
Aloe,  with  long  narrow  triangular 
Leaves,  and  ftinkirg  yellow'  Flow- 
ers, commonly  called,  Irii  Uvaria. 

34.  A  LO  £  Guincf  vfis,  ra  dice  gtni' 
culata^  foliis  e  *vit  idi  i^  atro  undu^- 
latim  <V'iriigatis.    Com.  Pro" I.      The 

Guiitty  Aloe,  with  knotted  Roots, 
and  undulated  variegated  Leaves. 

3^.  Aloe  Zeylanica  pumila,  fo- 
liis *varifgafii.  Pat.  B  tt  The  Dwarf 
Ztylon  Aloe, with  variegated  Leaves. 

36.  Aloe  Africana  caultfcem^  fo^ 
His  minus  glaucis  cuulem  amplest enti' 
huiy  durf}  parte  fuprema  fpinofa.  Com. 

Rar. 


A  L 

Rmt.  The  fialky  j^icau  Aloe,  with 
Ids  glaucous  Leaves  fttrrounding  the 
Stalks,  with  Spines  on  the  Back-fide 
of  the  Leaves  at  the  Extremity. 

37.  Aloe  7«itf^  Orit/f talis,  fer^ 
rata,  fu£c9trima  verUyJkre  phaniceo, 
H.  Beamm.     The  Succotrine  Aloe. 

38.  Alob  Africanu  arachnoidea. 
Cm,  JUr.  PL  78.  Jfrican  Cobweb 
Aloe,  'vnlgo. 

The  Soil  in  which  thefe  Plants 
thrive  beft,  is  one  half  frefh  light 
Earth  from  a  Common  (and  if  the 
Turf  is  taken  with  it,  and  rotted.  It 
IS  ffloch  better) ;  the  reft  ihould  be 
white  Sea-{and,  and  lifted  Lime-rub> 
biih,  of  each  of  thefe  two,  a  fourth 
Part ;  mix  thefe  together  fix  01  eight 
Months  at  leaft  before  it  is  ufed,  ob- 
icrving  to  turn  it  over  often  in  this 
time. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Aloes  is  very 
handy,  in  refpedl  to  Cold ;  and  has, 
in  mild  Winters,  endurM  abroad, 
being  planted  in  a  very  dry  Soil,  and 
aader  a  South  Wall';  but  as  they 
are  liable  to  be  killed  in  hard  Frolls, 
diey  generally  are  kept  in  Pots  or 
Tabs  in  a  common  Green-houfe  with 
Oranges,  Mynles,  bfc,  but  mull  have 
little  Moifture  in  Winter.  Moil  of 
the  other  Sorts  are  better  preferved 
in  ao  airy  Glafs-cafe,  in  which  there 
ii  a  Stove  to  make  a  little  Fire  in 
v^  bad  Weather ;  to  dry  and  warm 
(he  Air  in  foggy,  cold,  or  wet  Wea- 
ther, and  to  prevent  the  Froft  from 
ttiiering  the  Houfe. 

The  fifth,  fixth,  feventh,  eigh- 
teenth, thirty- fourth,  and  thirty-fifth 
^rts  require  a  greater  Share  of  Heat 
to  preferve  them  in  Winter,  and 
ihoald  be  fet  in  a  good  Stove,  and 
kept  nearly  to  the  Degree  of  Heat 
marked  (upon  the  Botanical  Ther- 
mometers) temperate.  Indeed  mod 
of  the  other  Sorts  may  be  kept  in 
dte  fame  Teinperature  of  Herat  in 
Winter;  bat  then  jou  muft  obierve. 


A  L     , 

that  the  greater  the  Heat  is  in  WiO'* 
ter  in  which  you  keep  them,  the 
more  Water  they  will  require :  and 
if  they  are  well  managed  in  this 
Heat,  they  will  grow  very  much  ia 
Winter  ;  therefore  great  Care  muft 
be  taken  in  the  fevere  Cold,  that  it 
doth  not  enter  the  Houfe,  nor  that 
the  Heat  be  at  that  time  leiTened ;  as 
alfo  how  you  begin  to  give  them  Air 
in  the  Spring  ;  for  the  extreme  Parts 
of  the  Plants  will  be  rendered  very 
tender,  by  their  growing  hccly  ia 
Winter;  and  the  lead  Check  to  their 
Growth  at  that  Seafon,  is  very  often 
their  Deilru^ion. 

About  the  Beginning  of  Jime, 
moft  People  (in  England)  fct  their 
Pots  of  Aloes  out  of  the  Houfe ;  but, 
if  this  be  done,  they  (hould  be  fet 
under  the  Shelter  of  Hedges  or 
Trees,  to  fcreen  them  from  the  Vio- 
lence of  the  open  Sun  and  Wind, 
which,  in  a  few  Days,  will  other- 
wife  change  their  Colour,  and  very 
much  diminifh  their  Beauty;  and 
very  often  the  great  Rains  which  fall 
in  June  or  July^  either  rot,  or  fill 
them  with  fo  much  Moiilure,  as,  in 
Winter,  to  be  liable  to  Deflrudkioa 
with  the  leaft  Cold :  therefore,  up- 
on the  Whole,  it  is  much  more  ad- 
vifeable  to  keep  them  moft  Part  of 
the  Year  in  the  Houfe  (as  is  the  con- 
ftant  Practice  in  Holland) ;  giving 
them,  in  good  Weather,  as  much 
free  open  Air  as  is  polTible,  and 
fcreening  them  with  Mats,  Shutters, 
or  Tarpawlins  over  the  GlafTes  from 
the  great  Heat  of  the  Sun  in  the  Mid- 
dle of  the  Day. 

In  the  Middle  of  July  is  a  vtry 
proper  Seafon  to  fhift  thefe  Plants  ; 
at  which  time  you  may  take  them 
out  of  the  Pots,  and  with  your  Fin- 
gers open  the  Roots,  and  (hake  out 
as  much  of  the  Earth  as  poiiible, 
taking  off  all  dead  or  movildy  Root^i 
but  do  not  wound  or  break  the  young 

frcfh 


A  L 

htSk  ones :  tben  fill  the  Pot  aboat 
three  Parts  full  of  the  above-men- 
tioned Earth,  putting  a  few  Stones 
in  the  Bottom  of  the  Pot,  to  drain 
eflf  the  Moifture  ;  and  after  placing 
the  Roots  of  the  Plant  in  fach  a 
ananner  as  to  prevent  their  interfere- 
ing  too  much  with  each  other,  put 
in  as  much  of  the  fame  Earth,  as  to 
illl  the  Pot  almoil  to  the  Rim,  and 
obferve  to  fhake  the  Plant,  fo  ss  to 
let  the  Earth  in  between  the  Roots ; 
and  then  with  your  Hand  fettle  it 
dofe  to  the  Roots  of  the  Plant,  to 
keep  it  fteady  in  the  Pot ;  then  wa- 
ter them  gently,  and  fet  them  abroad 
in  a  ihady  Place,  where  they  may 
remain  for  three  Weeks,  giving  them 
gentle  Waterings,  if  the  Weather 
&ould  prove  hot  and  dry. 

Toward  the  Latter-end  of  Jaguff, 
in  a  dry  Day,  remove  them  into  the 
Houfe  again,  obferving  to  give  them 
as  much  fr^c  open  Air  as  poflible, 
while  the  Weather  holds  warm  5  but, 
if  the  Nights  are  cool,  yon  mull 
(hut  up  the  GlafFes,  and  give  them 
Air  only  in  the  Day ;  and,  as  the 
Cold  increafes,  you  muft  decreafe 
opening  the  GlaRes  ;  but  obferve  to 
give  them  gentle  Waterings  often, 
till  the  Middle  of  0£loher^  when  you 
mull  abate  them,  according  to  the 
Heat  of  the  Houfe  in  which  they 
are  kept. 

The  firft  Sort  may  be  fet  abroad 
in  the  Beginning  of  May,  and  re- 
main fo  till  O^ohen  and,  in  dry 
Weather,  mnft  have  frequent,  but 
gentle  Waterings,  and  fhould  be 
ihifted  every  Year,  taking  off  all 
the  Suckers,  and  rotten  Roots,  which, 
if  fuffercd  to  remain  on,  will  greatly 
retard  the  Growth  of  the  Plant. 

The  thirty-third  Sort  is  vtry  har- 
dy, and  fhould  be  planted  abroad 
under  a  good  South  Wall,  where  it 
will  thrive  and  increafe  much  failer 


A  L 

than  if  kept  in  Pots,  and  will  prxS' 
duce  much  (Ironger  Flowers. 

Hrw  increaftd.']  Thefc  Aloes  arc 
all  increafcd  by  Off-fets,which  fbould 
be  taken  from  the  Mother-plant,  at 
the  time  when  they  are  (hifted,  and 
muft  be  planted  in  very  fmall  Pots, 
filled  with  the  fame  Earth  as  was  di- 
reded  for  the  old  Plants  ;  but  if,  in 
taking  the  Suckers  off,  yon  obferve 
that  Part  wliich  joined  to  the  Mo- 
ther-root to  be  moid,  you  muft  let 
them  lie  out  of  the  Ground  in  a 
ftiady  dry  Place  two  or  three  Days 
to  dry  before  they  are  planted,  other- 
wife  they  are  very  fubjedl  to  rot. 

Moft  of  the  African  Sorts  of  Aloes 
produce  Flowers  with  us  annoany, 
when  grown  to  a  fuffident  Size, 
which  K  generally  the  fecond,  and 
feldom  more  than  the  third  Year, 
after  planting  from  Off-fets,  provi- 
ded they  are  kept  in  a  moderate  De- 
gree of  Warmth  in  Winter  ;  but  the 
American  Aloes  (which,  for  the  moft 
part,  produce  their  Flower-ftems  im- 
mediately from  the  Centre  of  the 
Plant)  feldom  flower  till  they  are 
of  a  confiderable  Age,  and  this  but 
once  during  the  Lift  of  the  Plant  1 
for  when  the  Flower- ftcm  begins  ro 
fhoot  from  the  Middle  of  the  Plant 
(which,  for  the  moft  part,  is  of  s 
large  Size,  and  grows  to  a  great 
Height),  it  draws  all  the  Moifture 
and  Nouriihment  from  the  Leaves, 
fo  that,  as  that  advances,  the  Leaves 
decay  ;  and  when  the  Flowers  are 
fully  blown,  fcarce  any  of  the  Leaves 
remain  alive;  but  whenever  this 
happens,  the  old  Root  fends  forth  a 
numerous  Quantity  of  Off-fets  for 
Increafe ;  and  rt  is  not  till  this  time 
that  fome  of  thefe  Sorts  can  be  in-^ 
crcafed,  efpecially  the  fecond,  third, 
fourth,  fifth,  fixth,and  feventh  Sorts, 
which  never  produce  any  young 
Plants  until  they  flower  i  at  which 

timo 


A  L 

lime  At  Flower-ftem  of  the  feventh 
Sort  is  befet  with  fnal!  Heads  from 
Bottom  to  Top,  which,  being  uken 
off,  and  planted,  will  grow  as  well 
as  Sacken  from  the  Roots. 

This  Aloe,  which,  with  us,  fel- 
dom  makes  a  very  large  Plant,  hath 
yet  prodoced  Plower-ftems  of  a  con- 
fidcrable  Size,  and  fifteen  Feet  in 
Height.  The  Flowers  are  little  lefs 
than  thofe  of  the  large  Sort.  I  can- 
not here  forbear  taking  notice  of  a 
vulgar  Error  or  two  relating  to  the 
large  Jmirican  Aloe ;  which  is,  that 
It  never  flowers  till  it  is  an  hundred 
Years  oki,  which  is  a  Miftake ;  fince 
we  have  had  fevers^l  of  them  flower 
in  Emgiandf  (bme  of  which  were 
known  not  to  exceed  fifty  Years  old  $ 
and  others,  which  flowered  many 
Years  ago,  cannot  be  fuppofed  to 
have  been  in  England  fo  long  as  to 
arrive  at  that  Age,  fince  they  were 
thought  too  tender  for  our  Climate 
at  that  time,  when  Green-houfes 
were  not  known  ;  as  may  be  feen  by 
looking  into  GeranT^  and  Parkin- 
/m'%  Hcrbals. 

Another  common  Error  is,  that 
when  the  Flower  opens,  it  makes  a 
Report  like  that  of  firing  a  Gun : 
thb  is  fufficiently  confuted  by  all 
tbofe  who  have  been  where  thefe 
Plants  have  flowered ;  but  I  fuppofe 
the  Rife  of  this  Story  might  proceed 
from  fome  Peribns  faying,  when  one 
of  chefe  Plants  flowered,  it  made  a 
great  Noife  s  meaning  thereby,  that 
whenever  one  of  them  flowered  is 
England,  it  was  fpread  abroad  as  an 
BBconunon  thing,  and  occafioned  a 
great  Noife  among  the  neighbour- 
ing Inhabitants^  mod  of  whom  ufu- 
ally  repair  to  fee  it,  as  a  thing  that 
rarely  happens,  and  as  a  great  Cu- 
rioficy. 

Thofe  who  arc  defirous  to  have 
this  Sort  of  Aloe  flower,  may,  by 


A  L 

giving  the  Plants  large  Tubs  for 
their  Roots  to  fpread,  greatly  pro- 
mote their  Growth ;  and  in  propor- 
tion to  the  growing  of  the  Planti^ 
their  Flowering  is  haflened.  For  the 
Bud  being  formed  in  the  Centre  of 
the  Plants,  when  the  Number  of 
Leaves  which  enfold  it  are  thrown 
ofl*,  the  Stem  will  advance ;  fo  that 
in  Spain  and  Portagaly  where  the 
Plants  grow  fafl,they  produce  Flow- 
ers in  eighteen  or  twenty  Years ;  an<l 
in  the  Wefi -Indies^  where  they  grow 
fafler,  in  feven  or  eight. 

The  African  Aloes,  for  the  moil 
part,  afford  Plenty  of  Suckers,  by 
which  they  are  inaeafed  ;  but  thofe 
few  that  do  not,  may  be  moft  of 
them  propagated,  by  taking  off  fome 
of  the  Under-leaves,  laying  them  to 
dry  for  a  Week  or  ten  Days,  as  was 
direded  for  the  Off-fets ;  then  plant 
them  in  the  fame  Soil  as  was  direct- 
ed for  them,  putting  that  Part  of  the 
Leaf  which  did  adhere  to  the  old 
Plant,  about  an  Inch»  or  an  Inch 
and  an  half  (according  to  the  Size 
of  the  Leaf),  into  the  Earth,  giving 
them  a  little  Water  to  fettle  the 
Earth  about  them ;  then  plunge  the 
Pots  into  a  moderate  Hot- bed,  ob- 
ferving  to  fcreen  them  from  the  Vio- 
lence of  the  Sun,  and  give  them  gen- 
tle Refrefliings  with  Water  :  thebeft 
Seafon  for  this  is  in  June^  that  they 
may  pufli  out  Heads  before  Winter. 

The  Gnincy  and  Zeylon  Aloes  have 
creeping  Roots,  by  which  they  pro- 
pagate themfelves  Xo  fafl  as  to  fill 
the  Pots  with  Suckers,  whereby  the 
old  Plant  is  often  rendered  unfight* 
ly,  and  is  retarded  in  its  Growth  \ 
therefore  thefe  Suckers  fhould  be 
frequently  taken  off;  and  by  fo  do-^ 
ing  the  Guiney  Aloe  will  flower  :  but 
the  Zeylon  Aloe  has  not  as  yet  pro- 
duced any  Flowers  in  Europe^  as  t 
can  learn.    Thefe  are  both  tender^ 

andt 


A  L 

Itnd  will  not  live  throagh  the  Win- 
ter, unlefs  they  are  placed  in  a  good 
Stove. 

The  eighth  Sort  produces  the 
Aloes  eommonly  fold  in  the  Shops 
for  Horfes,  and  is  called,  Aloi  Hcpa- 
ilea.  But  it  is  from  the  thirty-feventh 
Sort,  the  Succotrinc,  or  bell  Sort 
of  Aloes,i£  produced  ;  which  is  done 
by  CQtdng  their  Leaves  tranfverfly, 
and  placing  earthen  VefTels  under 
them  to  receive  the  Juice  which 
drops  from  thefe  cut  Leaves ;  which 
Juice,  when  infpifTated,  becomes  the 
Aloe,  which  is  ufed  in  Medicintf. 
But  I  believe  in  making  the  coarfer 
Sort  of  Aloes,  they  prefs  the  Leaves ; 
whereby  a  greater  Quantity  of  Juice 
is  obtained :  but  this  is  not  near  fo 
£ne  as  the  other. 

ALOIDES.    Vide  Stratiotcs, 

ALPLNIA. 

The  Chara£}ers  are ; 

The  Tliywer  is  tuhulous  and  perfo- 
nated,  confijiing  of  one  Leaf^  <which 
is  divided  into  three  unequal  Segments^ 
tuhicb  /pread  open :  after  the  Flmxier 
ij  pafty  the  0<vary  becomes  a  Fruit 
nuith  three  Cells,  each  containing  one 
Seed. 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  this 
Plant  in  Europe ;  *vi%. 

Alv m  I A  racemof a  alba,  cannacori 
foliis.  Plum.  Nov,  Gen. 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  of  the  /T//?- 
Indies^  from  whence  it  has  been 
brought  into  fome  of  the  curious 
Gardens  of  Europe,  where  it  mull  be 
preferved  in  a  warm  Stove,  and  the 
Pots  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of 
Tanners  Bark  ;  otherwife  it  will  not 
thrive  in  this  Country.  The  Leaves 
decay  ev^ry  Winter,  and  are  pulhcd 
out  from  the  Roots  every  Spring, 
like  the  Ginger  and  Maranta  ;  and 
it  fhould  be  managed  in  the  fame 
manner  as  is  direfted  for  thofe  two 
Plants,  and  may  be  propagated  by 
parting  of  the  Koots. 


A  L 

-SSCHYNOMENE.  /7<&  NB- 
mofa. 

ALTHiEA,  Marffi-malldw. 
The  CbaraSlers  are ; 

//  agrees  wtb  the  Mallonu  in  mofl 
refpeQsy  hut  the  outiuard  Empale-' 
ment  of  this  is  divided  into  nine  Parts ^ 
nvhereas  that  of  the  Mallovj  is  divi* 
dedinto  three  :  to  nvbich  may  be  added^ 
The  vjoollj  fofi  Leaves,  bj  vjhich  it 
has  been  generally  dijlinguijbed* 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  A  LT  H  -«  A  frutejcens,  folio  acntOp 
parvo  /lore.  C.  B.  The  fhrubby 
Marih-mallow,  with  (harp -pointed 
Leaves,  and  fmall  Flowers. 

2.  Alth-«a  frutefcens  LufttAni^ 
ca,  folio  ampliore,  minus  incano.Totsntm 
The  Portugal  flirubby  Marfh-mal- 
low,  with  large  and  lefs  hoary 
Leaves. 

3 .  A  LT  H  ^  A  frutefcens  Lujltanica^ 
folio  rotundiore  undulato.  Toum.  The 
Portugal  (hrubby  Marfh-mallow, 
with  rounder  and  undulated  Leaves. 

4.  Alth/ea  frutefcens,  folio  brja- 
»/>.  C.  B,  The  fhrubby  Marlh- 
mallow,  with  Bryony-leaves. 

5.  Alth;ea  Jiore  mpjore.  C  B^ 
The  large- flower'd  Marfti-mallow. 

6.  Althaa  Diofcoridis  (^  PliniL 
C.  B.  The  common  Marfli -mallow. 

7.  Althaea  folio  rotundiori,  out 
minus  acuminato.  Suther.  The  round- 
er-Ieav'd  Marfli-mallow. 

8.  Alth^a  maritima  arhorea 
Gallica.  Inft.R.H.  Common  Tree- 
mallow. 

9.  Alth^a  maritima  arhorea. 
Veneta.  Injt.  R.  H.  Venetian  Mal- 
low-trec. 

The  firft,  fecond,  fourth,  eighth, 
and  ninth  Sorts  grow  to  the  Height 
of  eight  or  ten  Feet,  and  have  woody 
Stems  and  Branches;  but  the  two 
lad  feldom  have  their  Stems  fo  hard 
as  the  former;  nor  do  the  Plants 
continue  long,  thefe  feldom  lafting 
more  than  two  Years ;  whereas  the 

other 


A  L 

Other  will  condnae  four  or  five 
Yean,  if  the  Winters  arc  not  very 
ferere,  and  the  Plants  grow  upon 
a  dry  lean  Soil ;  for  when  they  are 
planted  upon  good  moifl  Ground, 
they  (hoot  very  luxuriant,  and  be- 
come fo  replete  with  Sap,  as  to  be 
injured  by  the  firft  Frof(s  in  Au- 
nunii. 

The  dghth  Sort  grows  wild  upon 
theSea-coaft  in  feveral  Parts  of  Eng- 
loM^p  from  whence  their  Seeds  may 
be  obtained. 

The  ninth  Sort  gr -ws  taller  than 
the  eighth,  and  generally  is  formed 
into  a  more  regular  pyramidal  Head; 
the  Flowers  are  alfo  of  a  deeper  Co^ 
lour,  in  which  they  differ  from  the 
common  Sort,and  are  fomewhat  ten- 
derer. 

Thefe  two  Sorts  thrive  better  if 
they  are  fown  where  they  are  to  re- 
main, than  if  they  are  tranfplanted ; 
or,  if  they  are  removed,  it  (hould  be 
done  while  the  Plants  are  young, 
othcrwife  they  generally  mificarry. 
The  fecond  Year  after  fowing,  thefe 
come  to  flower ;  and  after  they  have 
ieeded,  they  feldom  furvive  the  fol- 
lowiug  Winter  :  but  the  Br&f  fecond^ 
aod  fourth  Sorts  may  be  intermixed 
with  other  Shrubs,  where  they  will 
ibod  four  or  five  Years,  and  by  their 
continuing  long  in  Flower,  make  a 
toe  Variety. 

The  third  Sort  feldom  rifes  above 
four  or  five  Feet  high,  and  the  Stems 
ieldom  become  very  woody  :  but 
this  will  live  in  the  open  Air  in  Win- 
ter, provided  it  is  planted  in  a  warm 
Situation,  and  upon  a  6r/  Soil.  The 
Flowers  of  this  Kind  are  of  a  paler 
Colour  than  the  other,  refembling 
thofe  of  the  comn)on  Marfh-mallow, 
but  are  fomewhat  larger ;  the  Leaves 
are  very  foft,  hoary,  and  waved  on 
their  Edges  >  which  m^kes  a  pretty 
Varietv. 
Voi,.  I. 


A  L 

The  fifth  Sort  dies  to  the  Ground 
every  Winter,  and  fhoots  up  in  Sum- 
njer  to  the  Height  of  fix  or  feven 
Feet :  this  produces  Flowers  from 
the  Beginning  of  Ju/y  to  Septenjfcr^ 
for  which  ic  may  have  a  Place  in 
good  Gardens. 

Thefe  Plants  are  all  eafily  raifed 
from  Seeds,  which  muil  be  fown  in 
March,  in  a  light  dry  Soil ;  and  in 
two  Months  they  will  be  fit  to  tranf- 
plant  into  the  Places  where  they  are 
to  remain  for  good,  or  put  into  Pots, 
that  when  they  are  removed,  the 
Earth  may  be  turn'd  out  of  the  Pots 
without  difturbing  the  Roots  (fof 
thefe  Shrubs  will  not  bear  a  Remcn^e, 
when  grown  to  any  confiderable  Sta« 
ture)  ;  the  Roots  being  for  the  moil 
part  composed  of  llrong  woody  Parts, 
and  have  very  few  fmall  Fibres,  fa 
that  the  Earth  is  fubjed  to  fall  in- 
tirely  off  upon  removing  them ;  and 
if  it  fo  happen  to  grown  Plant?,  they 
rarely  are  made  to  grow  after* 
wards. 

The  fecond  Year  thefe  Shrubs  be- 
gin to  fiower,  and  one  fingle  Plant 
( if  fuffer'd  to  feed )  will  produce 
enough  to  raifemany  hundred  Plants. 
They  are  impatient  of  Wet  in  Win- 
ter ;  therefore  fhould  be  planted  in 
a  dry,  rubbifhy,  or  fandy  Soil, 
where  they  will  ^and  much  better 
than  in  a  ftrong  rich  Earth ;  but  they 
are  feldom  longer- liv'd  than  dvt  or 
fix  Years  with  us  efpecially  if  fuf- 
fcr'd  to  flower  and  feed  plentifully 
every  Year :  therefore  the  beft  Way 
to  preferve  them  is,  to  cut  off  the 
extreme  Parts  of  the  Branches  in 
July^  that  they  may  make  frefh 
Shoots  before  Winier :  this  will  alfa 
make  their  Heads  more  regular, 
than  if  they  were  fufFer'd  to  grow 
rude. 

They  may  be  alfo  raifed  by  plant- 
ing Cuttings  in  /►/r?),  in  a  light  Soil, 
£  \         keeping 


A  L 

Itceping  them  fhaded,  and  often  re- 
fre(hing  them  with  Water  until  they 
have  taken  Root. 

The  five  firftmentionM  Sorts  arc 
all  Strangers  to  our  Country,  being 
Natives  of  Spdin^  Portugal,  and  the 
South  of  Franca  and  are  only  to  be 
found  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Cu- 
rious. The  two  laft  Sorts  grow  wild 
in  many  Parts  of  England,  and  are 
by  fome  propagated  in  Gardens  for 
phyfical  Ufc,  Thefe  two  Sorts  arc 
alfo  raifed  from  Seeds,  or  by  part- 
ing the  Roots  early  in  the  Spring, 
and  will  grow  in  almoil  any  Soil  or 
Situation.  Thefe  two  die.  down  to 
the  Ground  annually,  and  nie  again 
the  fucceeding.  Spring. 

ALYSSOIDES. 
The  CharaHers  are ; 

It  hatb  a  Flonver  in  form  of  a 
Crofs,  tonjijling  of  four  Lea*veSy  out 
oj  ivbofe  Flo*wer'Cu(  rifes  the  Pointal, 
*which  afteriAJOfd  oecomes  an  elliptic 
cal  thick  Fruity  dvvidtdinto  ttuo  Cells 
by  an  intermediate  Partition^  *ujhich 
ij  parallel  to  the  demi -elliptical  tur- 
gid Val'vesy  and  filled  luith  round  fat 
Seeds,  having  Borders  round  th§m. 
The  Species  are ; 

T.  Aly sso ii>B s  frutico/untf  leu- 
toii  folio  viridi,  Toum.  218.  Shrubs 
by  Aiyifoides,  with  a  green  Stock- 
gilly  flower  leaf. 

2.  Alyssoides  incanum,  foliis 
fnuatis.   7ourn,  218.     Hoary  Alyf- 

foides,  with  fmuated  Leaves. 

3.  Alyssoides  frtuicofum  Creti- 
£um,- leucoii  folio  incano,  Toum.  Cor, 
Shrubby  A ly (Toides  of  C^ndy,  with 
an  hoary  Stock-gillyflower-leaf. 

4.  Alyssoides  Orient alis  annua, . 
myagri fati<vi folio,  Toum,  Cor.  .Ori- 
ental annual  AlyiToides,  wiih  a  My- 
agrum-leaf. 

The  firil  and  third  Sorts  are  per- 
ennial Pknts,which  rife  totheHeight 
of  two  or  three  Feet :  thefe  may  be 
propagated  by  fowing  their  Seeds 


A  L 

on  a  Border  of  light  Earth  in  the 
Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants  aie* 
come  up  four  Inches  high,4:hey  may 
be  rranfplanted  into  Pots  filled  with 
light  fre(h  Earthy  and  placed  in  a 
fhady  Situation  until  they  have  takea 
new  Root,  when  they  may  be  ex- 
pofed  to  the  open  Air  until  the  Lat- 
ter-end of  O^v'o^fr,  when  they  fhould 
be  placed  under  a  common  Hot-bed* 
frame,  where  they  may  be  (hcltcr- 
ed  from  fevcFC  Froft  in  Winter ;  bat 
they  mufl  have  as  much  free.  Air  as 
poflible  in  mild  Weather,  and  fhould 
be  frequently  refrefhed  with  Water. 
The  following  Summer  they  will 
flower,  and  produce  ripe  Seeds;  but 
the  I  lants  may  be  continued  four  or 
five  Years,,  by  fheltering  them  in  the 
Winter,  as  I  have  di reded.  They 
will  often  live  through  the  Winter 
in  the  open-  Air,  provided  they  are 
planted  in  a  Situation  where  they  are 
proteded  from  the  North  and  £ai^ 
Winds. 

The  fecond  Sort  feldom  continues 
longer  than  three  or  four  Years  ;  and 
in  Tevere  FrofI  is. often  defbroyed^ 
when  planted  in  the  open  Air.  This- 
muft  be  fowa  on  a  Border  of  light 
Earth  in  the  Spring,  and  when  the 
Plants  are  come  up  three  Inches  high^ 
fbme  of  them  fhould  be  potted,  in 
order  to  (belter  them  in  Winter  ;  but 
there  fhould  be  fome  Plants  left 
where  they  were  fown,  which,  in  & 
warm  Seafon,  will  flower,  and  pra- 
duce  ripe  Seeds  the  fame  Year ;  but 
if  thefe  fhould  mifcarry^  thofe  in  the 
Pots  may  be  prefer ved  thrpugh  the 
Winter,  under  a  common  Frame  ; 
and  ia  the  fucceeding  Spring  thtf 
fl^ould  be  turned  out  of  the  Pots  in- 
to the  full  Ground,,  where  they  will 
flower  ilrongly,  and  produce  a  large 
Quantity  o^  Seeds,  which,  if  permit* 
ted  to;feattery  will  come  up,  and  fur- 
niih  plenty  of  young  Plan'.s. 

The 


A  L 

Hie  fourth  Sort  is  an  annualPIant. 
This  malt  be  fown  on  a  warm  Bor- 
der in  the  Spring,  in  the  Place  where 
tike  Plants  are  to  remain ;  for  it  doth 
not  bear  tranfplanting  well :  thefe 
Plants  (hould  be  thinned,  if  they 
tome  op  too  thick.  In  Auguft  they 
will  flower,  and  in  Septanbtr  they 
will  perfe6t  their  Seeds. 

ALYSSON,  Madwort. 
The  Cbara^irs  are ; 

The  Flwoers  confift  of  four  Lioves, 
Vfhich  are  expanded  -in  form  of  a 
Crtfi :  the  Fntit  is  Jhort  and  fmooth^ 
in  Hvlnch  are  contained  maty  roundijb 
Sitds. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Alysson  Creticum  faxatile^ 
f^Uis  ttndulatis  incanis.  T,  Cor,  The 
AlyiTon  of  Cantfy^  with  hoary  un- 
clolated  Leaves. 

2.  Alysson  balimt  foiioy  femper^ 
vireas.  Toum.  The  ever-green  Alyf- 
ibn,  with  Sea-poHlane-leaves. 

3.  Alysson  Aipinum  hirfutum  lu- 
tnm,  foum.  The  yellow  Alpine  Aly f- 
ioD,  with  hairy  Leaves. 

4.  Alysson  perenne  montanum  in^ 
tanam,  Toum.  217.  Hoary  peren- 
nial Mountain-madwort. 

5.  Alysson  halt  mi  folio  argent eo 
anga/lo.  Toum.  227.  Madwort  with 
a  narrow  iilver-colour'd  Sea-pur- 
flaoeleaf. 

6.  Alysson  fruticofum  incanum, 
foam.  217.  Hoary  Shrub-madwort. 

*  7.  Alysson  fruiicofum  aculea- 
im.  Tsam.  217.  Prickly  Shrob- 
madwort. 

8.  Alysson  Craticum,  fo/iis  an- 
gdatis^Jlore*violaceo,Tourn,Cor.  Can^ 
^  Madwort,  with  angular  Leaves, 
isA  violet-coloured  Flowers. 

9.  Alysson  *veronic€e foHo.Toum. 
217.  Madwort  with  a  SpeedWcl- 
Icaf. 

10.  Alysson  fegeium,  Joliis  aw 
fiailatisacutis.   Toum.  zij.    Corn- 


A  L 

tnadwort,    with  aariculated  fliarp- 
pointed  Leaves. 

1 1 .  Alysson  fegetam,  filiis  an- 
riculatis  acutiSyfruQu  majori,  Tourn* 
217.  Com-madwort,  with  aaricu- 
lated iharp-pointed  Leaves^  and  a 
larger  Fruit. 

12.  Alysson  incanum  lufeum^fer' 
pilli  folio ymajus.  Toum,  21  j,  Larget 
yellow  hoary  Madwort,  with  a  Mo- 
ther-of-thyme-leaf. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  will  grow 
to  be  near  two  Feet  high,  with  a 
woody  Stem,  and  may  be  form'd  in- 
to a  regular  Head  ;  and,  being  plant- 
ed in  the  Middle  of  Borders,  in  a 
Flower-garden,  is  a  very  great  Or- 
nament thereto.  It  produces  large 
Quantities  of  bright  yellow  Flowers 
in  the  Beginning  of  /Ipril,  which 
continue  till  feme  time  in  May,  efpe- 
cially  if  the  Weather  proves  cooK 
When  it  is  in  Flower,  the  whole 
Plant  appears,  at  a  little  Diflance, 
to  be  nothing  but  Flowers,  the 
Leaves  and  Stem  being  quite  hid  un- 
til you  come  near  the  Plant. 

This  Plant  is  hardy,  and  although 
brought  from  a  more  foutherly  Cli- 
mate, yet,  if  planted  in  a  dry,  Iean« 
or  rnbbilhy  Soil,  will  endure  our  fe- 
vereft  Winters  abroad.  It  is  increafed 
by  fowing  the  Seeds  in  March  in  a 
light  fandy  Soil  (but  it  rarely  pro- 
duces Seeds  in  England),  or  by  plant- 
ing Cuttings  m  April  or  May  i  which 
are  very  apt  to  take  Root,  if  kepr 
fhaded  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day,  and 
gently  refrefhed  with  Wa^er. 

The  fecohd  Sort  feldom  continued 
above  two  or  three  Years  with  us, 
and  muft  therefore  be  often  fown 
to  prefcrve  it ;  or  if  the  Seeds  are 
fuffered  to  fall,  and  remain  upon  the 
Ground,  it  will  rife  again  without 
any  Trouble.  This  Plant- fpreads 
itfelf  upon  the  Ground,  and  never 
hfes  to  any  Height.  It  produces,  at 
g  3  tht 


A  L  A  M 

the  Extremity  of  its  Branches,  very  Earth,  where  they  are  to  remain  ^ 

prettyTuftsoffmall  white  Flowers;  for  they  do  not  bear  tranfpianting- 

of  which  the  Plant  is  feldom  delli-  well ;  and  the  Plants  being  thinned, 

tute  for  fix  or  feven  Months  fuccef-  and  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  is  the 

fively ;  for  which  Reafon  it  deferves  only  Culture  they  require.     If  the 

a  Place  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Cu-  Seeds  of  thefe  Sorts  are  faffer^d  to 

rious.    This  will  alfo  grow  from  fcatter,  the  Plants  will  come  up  ia 

Cuttings,  if  planted  and  managed  as  Autumn,    and   fiand    through  the 

the  former.  Winter  ;  whereby  they  will  more 

The  third  Sort  is  a  very  humble  certainly  produce  good  Seeds  the 

.Plant,  rarely  riling  with  us  above  following  Summer, 

two  or  three  Inches,  high.    It  pro-  AMARANTHOIDES,  or  Ever- 

duces  abundance  of  fmall  yellow  lafting-flower,    or  Globe -amaran- 

Flowers  early  in  the  Spring,  when  thus ;  and  by  the  Fnncbj  rimmor^ 

few  other  Flowers  appear,  for  which  taJ. 

it  is  valuable.  It  is  increased  by  part-  The  CharaStrs  are  ; 

ing  the  Roots  in  Autumn,  and  re-  ^be  Flowers  art  fmaU,  and  cut 

quires  a  light  iandy  Eardi,  and  to  into  fattr  SegmentSy  nubicb  are  goJ^ 

be  expo&'^d  only  to    the  morning  leStd  into  Jquamofe  Htadi :  from  each 

Sun.  of  tbefe  Scales  is  produced  a  fingU 

The  fourth,  £fch,  fixth,  and  fe-  Flo^wcr  :  tbe  O'vary  in  tbe  Bottom  of 

venth  Sorts  may  be  managed  as  hath  tbe  Fltrwer  becomes  a  roundijh  crooked 

been  directed  for  the  th'rd.     Theie  Seed^  nubicb  is  cositain'diu  a  tbiuPel^ 

will  continue  two  or  three  Years ;  licule,  or  Skin, 

and  if  their  Seeds  are  permitted  to  The  Species  are  ; 

fcatter,  the  Plants  will  come  up,  and  i .  Amaranthoides  lycbmdisfo^ 

thrive,    without  any  further  Care  Ho,  capitulis  purpureis.  Toarn,     The 

than    keeping     them    clear    from  purple  Globe- amaranihus,,  or  Eter- . 

Weeds.  nal- flower. 

The  eighth  Sort  is  an  abiding  2.  Amarantuoides  Ijehnidis  fa^ 

Plant,  which  rarely  produces  Seeds  /«,  capitulis  argenteis.     The  while 

in  England^  but  multiplies  greatly  or  filver- coloured  Globe-amaranthus^ 

by  OfF-fets,  which  may  be  planted  or  Eternal -flower. ' 

into  Pots  filled  with  fre^  light  Earth,  3.  AMARANTHorDE.«  lycbtjidis  fo^ 

either  in  Spring  or  Autumn.    Thefe  //<?,  capitulis  argenteis  minorihus.  Injl, 

Pots  mull  be  (helter^d  from  extreme  R.  U.     White  Globe  -  amaranthiis. 

Cold  in  Winter ;  but  mud  have,  a  with  fmaller  Heads, 

great  Share  of  Air  in  mild  Weather ;  4.  Amaranth oioEs  fycbnidis  fo- 

for  they  are  never  injured  but  by  lio,    capitulis    purpureis   minor ibus, 

very  fevere  Frofls.     Some  of  the  PurpleGIobe-amaranthus^with  fmall 

.Plants  may  be  planted  on  a  warm  Heads. 

Border,  where  they  will  endure  the  5.  Amaranthoides  marina  re^ 

Cold  of  our  ordinary  Winters  very  pens^  polygoni  folio,  capitulis  argen- 

well.     This  Plant   produces  great  teit.    Plum,     Trailing  Sea-amaran- 

Quantities  of  Flowers  early  in  the  thoides,  with  a  Knot- grafs -leaf,  and 

Spring.  filver  Heads. 

The  other  five  Sorts  are  annual  6.  Amaranthoides  lycbnidisfo* 

Plants,  which  fhould  be  Town  early  Lo^  fpicata^  fquamis  berbafeis,  Jofi 

in  the  Spring  op  a  Bed  of  light^frefli  cuUfque    purpurafcentihus ,       Houft. 

,                   "  Spiked 


AM 

Spiked  Amarantlioides,  with  hefba- 
ceoas  fcaly  Heads,  and  fmall  pur- 
]£ih  Flowers. 

7.  AuARANTHOiSEs  fcandefts^ 
ftchnidts  f§lio  glabra^  eapitulis  gl^ 
Ufis  fla*vrfcetrtibus.  Houft,  Climb- 
ing AmarancliQides,  with  a  fmooth 
Lychnis-leaf^  and  yellow  globular 
Heads. 

The  two  Sorts  firft-mentioned  are 
now  become  very  common  in  the 
lugltf}  Gardens  :  thefe  came  origi- 
nrily  from  the  Eafl -Indies^  from 
whence  alfb  the  moft  beautiful  of 
die  A maran things  have  been  brought, 
with  moft  of  the  other  curious  an- 
nual Hot-bed  Plants. 

The  other  Sorts  arc  Natives  of 
imtrica^  from  whence  their  Seeds 
have  been  fent  to  England ;  but  as 
neither  of  thefe  are  very  beautiful 
Hants,  they  are  rarely  prcfervcd, 
onlefs  in  Botanic  "Gardens ;  but  who- 
ever is  willing  to  propagate  any  of 
die  Species,  the  fame  Culture  a^  is 
given  to  the  two  fifft  Species,  will 
agree  whh  either  of  the  Kinds. 

Thefe  Plants  are  fome  of  the 
greateft  Beaacies  amongft  the  whole 
annual  Tribe  :  they  muft  be  fown 
▼cry  early  in  a  good  Hot-bed,  and 
treated  Is  will  be  hereafter  directed 
for  xkt  Amaranths ;  with  this  Differ 
ence  only,  that  thefe  muft  have  a 
greater  Share  of  Heat,  and  be  for- 
warded more  in  the  Spring. 

Thefe  Flowers,  if  gathered  be- 
fore they  decay  on  the  Plant,  and 
kept  in  a  dry  Place,  will  remain  in 
3caaty  for  fome  Years,  efpccially  if 
they  are  not  too  much  exposed  to 
the  Air :  they  arc  therefore  very  pro- 
per Ornaments  for  Ladies  to  wear 
in  their  Hair,  and  are  fiar  preferable 
to  any  artificial  Flowers  whatever. 
The  Pnrple  and  White  of  thefe 
Flowers,  together  with  fome  Varie- 
ties of  the  Elichryfums  and  Xeran- 
themumsi  will  make  a  curious  Va- 


A  M 

riety  of  dry  Flowers  for  Bafons  to 
adorn  Rooms  in  the  Winter-feafon» 
when  few  other  Kinds  are  to  be 
had. 

The  Portttguefe  and  Spaniards  are 
very  fond  of  thefe  Flowers,  and  cul- 
tivate great  Quantities  of  them  in 
their  Gardens,  for  adorning  their 
Places  of  Worfhip  in  the  Winter- 
time. The  Seeds  of  this  Plant,  be- 
ing clofcly  furrounded  with  a  thin 
Ski«,  appear  to  fome  Perfons,  who 
arc  unacquainted  therewith,  to  be 
only  a  chaffy  Subdance,  without  any 
good  Seeds;  for  the  Seeds,  which 
are  fmall,  and  of  a  roundiih  Form, 
feldom  quit  this  Covering,  unlefs 
rubbed  out ;  but  if  the  Seeds  are 
fown  with  thefe  Coverings  over 
them,  they  will  come  up  full  as  well 
as  if  taken  out. 

If  the  Autumn  fliould  prove  cold 
or  wet,  it  will  be  very  neceffary  to 
remove  the  Pots,  with  thefe  Plants, 
into  Shelter;  otherwife  they  will  not 
perfeft  their  Seeds,  efpecially  if  they, 
were  not  fown  very  early  in  the 
Spring.  If  thefe  Pots  are  prefervcd 
in  a  good  Green-houfe,  their  Flow- 
ers will  make  a  pretty  Variety 
amongft  other  Plants,  and  will  con- 
,tinue  until  the  Middle  or  Latter-end 
of  Noventber,  provided  the  Weather 
proves  not  too  cold  :  but  what  Flow- 
ers you  intend  to  preferve,  fhould 
be  gathered  foon  after  they  arrive  at 
their  proper  Bignefs;  for  if  they  are 
fufFer'd  to  remain  very  long  after, 
the  under  Part  of  their  Heads  will 
change  brown,  and  decay. 

AM  ARANTHUS,  Amaranth;or 
Flower- gentle. 

The  CbaraSers  are ; 
7bi  flwuers  ba<ue  feemtngly  no  Per 
tals:  th§  Cup  of  the  Fla^jjer  is  dry 
andmultifid:  the  Seeds  are  included 
in  membranaceous  Vejfels^  nvhich, 
nvbtn  comi  to  Matitrity,  burfi  open 
either  tranfverjly  or  horizonta/fyf  af- 
E  3^  ter  . 


A  M 

iif  the  manner  of  Purjlam  and  Pim- 
pemelf  in  each  of  ivbicb  are  contain- 
id  one  or  more  roundifh  Seeds, 

There  is  a  vaft  Variety  of  thcfe 
Plants,  both  in  the  EaJ^  and  Weft- 
Indies^  many  of  which  are  extreme- 
ly beautiful,  and  as  much  deferve 
our  Care  as  any  of  the  flowery  Tribe. 
I  fhall  here  take  notice  of  the  feve- 
ral  Varieties  which  are  cultivated  in 
the  Englijh  Gardens  for  their  Beauty, 
emitting  the  other  more  common  or 
lefs  worthy  Sorts,  as  more  fit  for  a 
Botanical  Difquifition. 

i.Amaranthus  maximvi,  C,B. 
The  Tree  Amaranth,  vu/go. 

Z.  Amaranthus  maximuSf  fa- 
nicula  longa  pendula^  femine  rubella, 
Raii  Hifi.  The  long  pendulous  Ama- 
ranth, with  rediih-coloured  Seeds, 
commonly  called,  Love-liei-a-bleed- 
ing. 

3.  Amaranthus  fpica  alhefcente 
habitiore,  Martyn,  Hift,  Amaranth 
ivith  a  thick  whitifh  Spike. 

4.  Amaranthus  criftatus,  fore 
ruhicundijpmo,  H»  R.  Par,  Cock's- 
comb- amaranth,  with  red  Flowcrx. 

5.  Amaranthus  crifatuj,  colore 
kermejino,  Boerh,  Carmine-coloured 
Cock*s-comb-amaranth. 

6.  Amaranthus  crifatus,  colore 
eureo.  Boerh.  Gold-coloured  Cock's- 
comb-amaranth. 

7.  Amaranthus  cr  if  at  us,  colore 
furpureo.  Boerh,  Purple  Cock's- 
comb-amaranth. 

8.  Amaranthus  criflatus,  colore 
iuteo,  Boerh,  Yellow  CocL's-comb- 
amaranth. 

g.  Amaranthus  Sinn/fs,  foliis 
wariiSf  pant  cu  I  a  elegant  er  plumofa, 
Martyn,  Hifl.  Chinefe  Amaranth, 
with  variegated  Leaves,  and  a  fine 
feathcr'd  Panicle. 

10.  Amar?»anthus  tricolor.  H, 
Eyft.  The  three-coloured  Amaranth, 
commonly  called  Tricolor » 


A  M 

II.  Amaranthus  bicohr.    The 
two-coloured  Amaranth. 

All  thefe  Sorts  of  Amaranth smuft 
be  fown  on  a  good  Hot-bed  in  Fe^ 
hruary,  or  the  Beginning  of  March 
at  fartheil ;  and  in  about  a  Fort- 
night's time  (if  the  Bed  is  in  good 
Temper)  the  Plants  will  rife ;  when 
you  mufl  prepare  another  Hot- bed, 
covered  with  good  rich  light  Earth, 
about  four  Inches  thick ;  then  laife 
up  the  young  Plants  with  your  Fin- 
ger, fo  as  not  to  break  off  the  ten- 
der Roots,  and  prick  them  into  your 
new  Hot- bed  about  four  Inches  Di- 
flance  every  Way,  giving  them  a 
gentle  Watering  to  fettle  tbe  Earth 
to  their  Roots :  but  in  doing  this,  be 
very  cautious  not  to  bear  the  young 
Plants  down  to  the  Ground  by  hally 
Watering,  which  rarely  rife  again, 
or  at  leaS  fo  as  10  recover  their  for- 
mer Strength,  in  a  long  time ;  but 
very  often  rot  in  the  Stems,  and  die 
quite  away. 

In  the  Heat  of  the  Day  keep  them 
fcreen'd  with  Mats  from  the  great 
Heat  oif  the  Sun,  and  give  them 
Air  by  raifing  up  the  Glafies  with  a 
fmall  Stone ;  and  tf  the  Glaffes  are 
wet,  it  will  be  proper  to  turn  them 
every  Day  (in  good  Weather)  that 
they  may  dry ;  for  the  Moiflurc 
which  is  occafioned  by  the  Fermen- 
tation of  the  Dung,  and  Perfpira- 
tion  of  the  Plants,  is  of  a  noxious 
Quality  ,and  very  unkindly  to  Plants; 
fo  that  if  the  Weather  happens  to 
prove  bad  that  you  can*t  turn  your 
Glafles,  it  will  be  of  great  Service 
to  your  Plants  to  wipe  off  all  the 
Moifture  two  or  three  times  a  Day 
with  a  woollen  Cloth,  to  prevent  its 
dropping  upon  the  Plants.  When 
your  Plants  are  firmly  rooted,  and 
begin  to  grow,  you  mull  obferve  to 
give  them  Air  every  Day  (more  or 
lefsy  as  the  Weaiher  is  cold  or  hot) 

to 


A  M 

to  prevent  their  drawing  up  too  fad. 
vJiich  greatly  weakens  their  Steins. 

In  aboat  three  Weeks  or  a  Month's 
dme,  theie  Plants  will  have  grown 
ib  as  to  meet,  and  will  ftand  in  need 
of  another  Hot-bed,  which  fhould 
be  of  a  moderate  Temper,  and  co- 
▼eied  with  the  fame  rich  Earth  about 
£x  Inches  thick »  in  which  they 
ihonld  be  planted  (obferving  to  take 
thea  up  with  as  much  Earth  about 
their  Roots  as  poffible )  feven  or 
eight  Inches  Diftance  every  Way, 
giving  them  fome  Water  to  fettle 
die  Earth  about  their  Roots ;  but 
he  very  careful  not  to  water  them 
heavily,  fo  as  to  bear  down  the 
Plants  (as  was  before  di reded) ;  and 
keep  them  ihaded  in  the  Heat  of  the 
Bay,  until  they  have  taken  freOi 
Roots ;  and  be  fure  to  refrcfh  them 
<^tcn  gently  with  Water,  and  give 
litem  Air  m  proportion  to  the  Heat 
of  the  Weather,  covering  the  Glafi'es 
with  Mats  every  Night,  led  the  Cold 
chill  your  Beds, and  Aop  the  Growth 
of  the  Plants. 

In  the  Beginning  of  May  yon  muft 
provide  another  Hot* bed,  which 
ihottld  be  covered  with  a  deep  Frame, 
that  your  Plants  may  have  room  to 
grow.  Upon  this  Hot  bed  you  mud 
iet  as  maoy  Three- peny  Pots  as  can 
fiand-  within  the  Compafs  of  the 
fVame :  thefe  Pots  muR  be  filled  with 
good  rich  Earth,  and  the  Cavities 
between  each  Pot  filled  up  with  any 
common  Earth,  to  prevent  the  Heat 
of  the  Bed  from  evaporating,  and 
filling  the  Frame  with  noxious 
^ms;  then  with  a  Trowel,  or  fome 
fuch  Infirument,  take  up  your  Plants 
(froA  the  former  Hot- bed)  with  as 
much  Earth  as  poifible  to  the  Roots, 
and  place  each  fingle  Plant  in  the 
Mkklle  of  one  of  the  Pots,  filling 
the  Pot  up  with  the  Earth  before  de- 
fcribed,  and.  fettle  it  clofe  to  the 
Boot  of  the  Plant  with  your  Hands ; 


A  M 

water  them  gently,  as  before,  ani 
(hade  them  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day 
from  the  Violence  of  the  Son,  by  co« 
vering  the  GlaiTes  with  Mats ;  re- 
freOi  them  often  with  Water,  and 
give  them  a  good  Quantity  of  Air  ia 
the  Day-time. 

In  about  three  Weeks  more,  thefe 
Plants  will  have  grown  to  a  conii- 
derable  Size  and  Strength,  fo  that 
you  muH  now  raife  the  GlaiTes  very 
much  in  the  Day-time;  and  when 
the.  Air  is  foft,  and  the  San  is  cloud- 
ed, draw  off  the  GlafTcs,  and  expofe 
them  to  the  open  Air,  and  repeat 
this  as  often  as  the  Weather  will  per- 
mit;  which  will  harden  them  by  de- 
grees to  be  removed  abroad  into  the 
Places  where  they  are  to  remain  the 
whole  Seafon  :  but  it  is  not  advife- 
abie  to  fet  thefe  Plants  out  until  a 
Week  in  yu/y^  obferving  to  do  it 
when  the  Air  is  perfedly  foft,  and, 
if  poiTible,  in  a  gentle  Shower  of 
Rain. 

Let  them  at  firft  be  fet  near  the 
Shelter  of  an  Hedge  for  two  or  three 
Days,  where  they  may  be  fcreen'd 
from  the  Violence  of  the  Sun,  and 
flrong  Winds,  to  which  they  mud  be 
inured  by  degrees.  Thefe  Plants, 
wiien  grown  to  a  good  Stature,  per- 
fpire  very  freely,  and  mail  be  every 
Day  relrefhed  with  Water,  if  the 
Weather  proves  hot  and  dry  ;  other- 
wife  they  will  fiint,  and  never  pro- 
duce their  Plumes. fo  fine  as  they 
would  do  if  taken  care  of. 

This  is  the  proper  Management, 
in  order  to  have  fine  Amaranths  s 
which,  if  rightly  followed,  and  the 
Kinds  are  good,  in  a  favourable  Sea- 
fon will  produce  wonderful  large  fine 
Flowers,  and  are  the  greateft  Orna- 
ment to  a  good  Garden  for  upwards 
of  two  Months.  By  this  Method, 
I  have  had  Plants  five  or  fix  Feet, 
with  Crefts  near  a  Foot  in  Breadth  » 
and  I  am  perfuaded,  if  the  Kind  is 
£  4  good 


A  M 

food  (asd  there  is  no  want  of 
)ang  or  Conveniencies),  in  a  kind- 
ly Seafon  the/  will  grow  mucii 
larger. 

In  the  Beginning  oi  September  the 
iVmaranths  will  have  perfeded  their 
Seeds,  fo  that  you  mud  make  choice 
cf  the  largelty  inoft  beautiful,  and 
lead- branching  Plants  of  each  Kind 
for  Seed  ;  which  yoa  ihould  remove 
>:nder  Shelter  (efpecially  if  the  Wea- 
ther proves  wet,or  thp  Nights  f  rofiy), 
that  the  Seeds  may  be  maturely 
ripen'd  ;  and  in  the  Choice  thereof^ 
be  fure  never  to  take  any  Seeds  from 
Side-branches,  nor  from  the  Neck 
of  the  Plume,  but  fuch  only  as  are 
produced  in  the  Middle  thereof, 
which  in  many  Plants,  perhaps,  may 
be  but  a  fmall  Quantity  ;  but  I  do 
afTure  you,  they  are  thofe  only  you 
can  depend  upon  to  have  your  Kinds 
good  the  fucceeding  Year. 

The  Amaranthus  tricolor  and  hi- 
color  muil  be  kept  longer  under  the 
Frames  than  the  Cock^s- combs ;  and 
in  order  to  have  them  very  beauti- 
ful, it  will  be  proper  to  make  a  frcfh 
Hot-bed  in  a  Glafs-cafe ;  or,  where 
fuch  a  Conveniency  is  wanting,  to 
ered  fome  of  the  Lights  which  were 
jplaced  over  Cucumbers,  round  an 
Hot-bed,  and  cover  thofe  with  the 
fame  Lights  on  the  Top,  fo  as  to  re- 
femble  a  Glafsflove.  On  this  Hot- 
bed you  iliould  place  your  Ama- 
ranth^, at  fuch  a  DilUnce  from  each 
other,  as  to  allow^  them  room  to 
fpread ;  obferving  to  refrefh  them 
often  with  Water,  and  in  warm  Wea- 
ther let  them  have  plenty  of  frefh 
Air.  Wi:h  this  Management,  the 
Plants  may  be  raifcd  ii\^  or  fix  Feet 
high,  and  their  Leaves  uill  come  to 
the  moll  beautiful  Colours;  after 
which  they  may  be  expofed  to  the 
open  Air,  and  removed  to  adorn  the 
feveral  Parts  of  the  Garden. 


A  M 

AMARYLUS,  LUy-dafibdiL 

The  Charaaeri  are ; 
Hbe  S fat  ha  or  Cover ^  'wbicb  in'" 
chfes  the  Umhel^   is  of  oime  Idaf: 
the  Flowir  confifts  of  fix  Pgtals  or 
Leaves,    and  is  of   tie   Uhffbafri 
ba*uing  fix  Stamina  furrotmi&xg  the 
Fointal:  the  Stigma  is  trifid. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Amaryllis  fpmtha  unifloraf 
corolla  teqmali^  ftatmnihus  decUnatis. 
Lin,  Lily-daiFodii  with  a  iingle 
Flower  in  each  Cover,  which  is 
equal ;  and  declined  Stamina^  com* 
monly  called,  Aatnmnal  Narcif- 
fus. 

2.  Amaryllis  fpatba  uniflora^ 
corolla  aqaali^  fiftillo  refraSo.  Lin, 
Lily-dafl'odil  with  a  fingle  Flower 
in  each  Sheath,  which  has  equal 
Petals,  and  the  Pointal  broken  off, 
commonly  called  Atamafco-lily. 

3.  Amaryllis  fpatba  unifiora^ 
corolla  inaquali^  gcfdtalihus  dccli" 
nattj.  Lin.  Lily-daffodil  with  one 
Flower  in  each  Cover,  which  has 
unequal  Petals,  and  the  Stamina  are 
declined,  commonly  called  Jacobsea* 
lily. 

4.  Amaryllis  fpatba  multifiora^ 
corollis  itqualibus  patentijfimis  reve* 
lutis^  genitalibsu  longijpmis,  Lin, 
Lily-datfbdil  with  many  Flowers  in 
one  Cover;  the  Petals  equal,  (pread 
open,  and  turned  backward,  and 
very  long  Stamina^  commonly  calPd 
Guernfey  Lily. 

5.  Amaryllis  fpatba  multifkra^ 
corollis  campanulatis  aqnalibns,  gf- 
nitalibus  dcclinatis,  Lin,  Lily-daf- 
fodil with  many  Flowers  in  one 
Cover ;  the  Petals  equal  and  belU 
(hap'd,  and  the  Stamina  declined; 
commonly  calPd  Belladonna  Lily. 

6.  Amaryllis  fpatba  multifioroy 

foliis    ovatO'oblongis     obtmfis,     Flor, 

Leyd,      Lily  -  daffodil    with    many 

Flowers  in  one  Cover,  and  oblong 

blunt 


A  M 

Uaot  Leaves,    commonly    catled 
Uuckan  lily. 

7.  Amaryllis ^a/^tf  multlflora^ 
argitis  campintitiatis  a^fitaiihus,  /capo 
emfriffh  in/giiudini  umbiila,  Flor. 
Lertl.  Li]y -daffodil  with  many 
Flowen  in  one  Cover,  the  Petals 
equal,  and  the  Cover  comprefTed 
the  Length  of  the  Umbel. 

8.  Amaryllis  fyatha  multtflora^ 
cercWs  campanuiaiii  ^qualihtj,  fcafo 
ttreii  ondfitL  Fhr,  Ltyd.  Lily- 
dafodil  with  many  Flowers  in  one 
Corer;  the  Petals  equal,  and  the 
Cover  taper  and  double-headed; 
commonly  called  the  Ztjlw  Lily. 

9.  Amaryllis  fpatba  multiflora^ 
fiUit  dliatii.  F/or,  Lejd.  Lily-daf- 
fbdil  with  many  Flowers  in  one 
Cover,  and  the  Edges  of  the  Leaves 
liairy;  commonly  called  the  ./^9ir«/r 
fcarlet  Lily.     . 

10.  Amaryllis  umifloray  corolla 
it^uuli,  ftaminibus  erects,  Lily-daf- 
fodil with  one  Flower  in  a  Cover, 
with  equal  Petals,  and  ereA  Stamina  \ 
ODomionly  called  Spring  yellow  Li- 
ly-oarciiTus. 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  very  hardy 
Pbnt,  and  increafes  very  fall  from 
Off-fets.  The  Seafon  for  tranfplant- 
ing  thefe  Roots  is  any  time  from 
Hay  to  July^  after  which  it  will 
he  too  late  to  remove  them ;  for 
they  will  begin  to  pu(h  out  new 
Fibres  by  the  Middle  of  that  Month, 
if  the  Seafon  be  moifl  s  and  many 
times  they  flower  in  Auguft ;  fo  that 
if  they  are  then  tranfplanted,  it  will 
fpoil  their  flowering.  This  Plant 
will  grow  in  any  Soil  or  Situation ; 
bat  it  will  thrive  beft  in  a  frefh  light 
dry  Soil,  and  in  an  open  Situation; 
/.  e,  not  under  the  Dripping  of 
Trees,  nor  too  near  to  Walls.  It 
is  commonly  called,  by  the  Gar- 
deners, the  yellow  Autumnal  Nar- 
ciffns,  d^f.  and  is  nfually  fold  by 
them  with  Colchicums,  for  aatu9i- 


A  M 

nal  drniments  to  Gardens;  ibc 
which  Purpofe  this  is  a  pretty  PUntp 
as  it  will  frequently  keep  flowering 
from  the  Middle  of  September  to 
the  Middle  of  No<vember^  provided 
the  Froft  is  not  fo  fevere  as  to  de- 
ftroy  the  Flowers :  for  altho*  there 
is  but  Ode  Flower  in  each  Cover, 
yet  there  is  a  Succefllon  of  Flowers 
from  the  fame  Root,  efpecially  when 
they  are  fuffered  to  remain  three  or 
fou r  Years  unremoved.  The  Flowers 
feldom  rife  above  three  or  four 
Inches  high ;  fo  are  proper  Orna^ 
.ments  for  fuch  Borders  as  are  plant- 
ed with  Cyclamens,  Saffron,  Col- 
chicums,  and  fuch  low  autumnal 
Flowers. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  more  rare  in 
England  than  any  of  the  other ;  but 
it  is  as  hardy  as  the  firft  Sort,  and 
may  be  planted  in  the  open  Borders, 
and  treated  in  the  fame  manner  as 
the  firft,  excepting  that  this  will  not 
lofe  its  Leaves  fo  foon  ;  fo  (honld 
not  be  taken  out  of  the  Ground  to 
tranfplant,  till  the  End  of  7»^«  or 
Beginning  of  /iugujf.  This  Sort 
flowers  in  April,  or  the  Beginning 
of  May;  but  is  not  of  long  Do* 
ration. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
Virginia  and  Carolina,  in  which 
Countries  it  grows  very  plentiful!/ 
in  the  Fields  and  Woods,  where  ic 
makes  a  beautiful  Appearance  when 
it  is  in  Flower,  which  is  in  the 
Spring,  The  Flowers  of  this  Sort 
are  produce<;l  Angle,  and  at  their  firft 
Appearance  have  a  fine  Carnation- 
colour  on  their  Outfide;  but  this 
fades  away  to  a  pale,  or  almoft 
white,  before  the  Flowers  decay. 
This  Plant  is  fo  hardy,  as  to  thriv0 
in  the  open  Air  in  England,  pro- 
vided the  Roots  are  planted  in  a 
warm  Situation,  and  on  a  dry  Soil : 
it  may  be  propagated  by  OfF-fets 
from  the  Roots,  which  they  put  out 

pretty 


A  M 

pretty  plentifolly,  efpccially  if  thqr 
are  not  tranfplanted  oftCDer  than 
Once  in  three  Years.  The  Flowers  of 
this  Sort  are  almofl  as  large  as  thofe 
of  the  fmaU  Orange-lily,  but  do  not 
grow  above  fix  or  eight  Inches  high; 
they  appear  the  Latter  end  of  May^ 
or  Beginning  of  June^  and  fonie- 
ticies  in  Auguft, 

The  third  Sort,  which  is  com- 
monly caird  Jacohaa  Lily,  is  now 
become  pretty  common  in  the  cu- 
rious Gardens  in  England^  the  Roots 
fending  forth    plenty   of   OiF-fets, 
efpecially  when  they  are  kept  in  a 
ittoderate  Warmth   in  Winter :  for 
the  Roots  of  this  kind  will  live  in  a 
good  Green- hoofe,  or  may  be  pre- 
ferved   thro'  the  Winter  under  a 
common  Hot-bed-frame;    but  then 
they  will  not  flower  fo  often,  nor 
fend  out  fo  many  OfF-fets,  as  when 
they  are  placed  in  a  moderate  Stove 
in  Winter.     This  Sort  will  produce 
its  Flowers  two  or  three  times  in  a 
Year,  and  is   not  regular  to  any 
Seaibn  ;    but   from  March   to  the 
Beginning  of  September  the  Flowers 
will  be  produced  when  the  Roots 
arc  in  Vigour.     The  Stems  of  thefe 
flowers  are  produced  from  the'Sides 
of  the  Bulbs ;  {q  that  after  the  Flowers 
produced  on  one  Side  are  decayed, 
there  is  another  Stalk  arifes  from 
the  other  Side  of  the  Bulb ;  but  there 
are  rarely  more  than  two  Flowers 
produced  on  the  fame  Stalk.    Thefe 
Flowers  are  large,    and  of  a  stry 
deep  Red;    the   under  Petals   (or 
Flower-leaves)  are  very  large ;  and 
the  Whole  Flower  flands  nodding  on 
cne  Side  of  the  Stalk,  mak hig  a 
beautiful  Appearance.     This  fhould 
be  called  the  Mexican  Lily,  rather 
than  the  other,    fo  named  by  the 
Gardeners;    this  being   a  Native 
of  Mexico^    whereas   the  other  is 
common  to  all  the  Iflands  in  the 
h'epindin. 


A  M 

It  is  propagated  by  OfT-fets,  which 
may  be  taken  off  every  Year :  the 
befl  time  to  fhift  and  part  thefe  Roots 
is  in  Augufij  that  they  may  take 
good  Root  before  Winter:  in  doing 
of  this,  there  fhould  be  care  taken 
not  to  break  off  the  Fibres  front 
their  Roots.  They  fhould  be  planted 
in  Pots  of  a  middling  Size,  fill'd 
with  light  Kitchen -garden  Earth; 
and  if  they  are  kept  in  a  moderate 
Degree  of  Warmth,  they  will  pro- 
duce their  Flowers  in  plenty,  and 
the  Roots  Will  make  great  Increafe. 

I'he  iixth  Sort,  which  is  com- 
jnonly  called  the  Mexican  Lily,  is 
not  quite  fo  hardy  as  the  former 
Sort,  fo  mud  be  placed  in  a  warm 
Stove ;  and  if  the  Pots  are  plunged 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
the  Roots  will  thrive  better,  and  the 
Flowers  will  be  fb*ong.  This  Sort 
is  increafed  by  Off-fets,  as  the  others 
of  this  Tribe ;  and  it  flowers  ufually 
the  Beginning  of  Spring,  when  it 
makes  a  fine  Appearance  in  the 
Stove:  it  is  known  in  the  Wtfi* 
India  by  the  Name  of  Red  Lily. 

The  eighth  Sort  is  alfo  tender, 
and  muft  be  treated  in  the  fame 
manner  as  the  fixth:  this  b  more 
common  in  t)ie  Gardens  in  Hollamd 
than  in  this  Country  ;  and  as  it  is  a 
Plant  which  increafes  but  flowly, 
will  not  be  very  common  here. 
This  flowers  ufoally  in  Junt  and 
July^  but  the  Flowers  are  not  of 
long  Duration. 

The  feventh  and  ninth  Sorts  are 
rocM-e  hardy,  and  may  be  treated  in 
the  fame  manner  as  the  Jacob^a 
Lily  :  thefe  will^  increafe  pretty  fail 
by  Off-  fets,  when  they  are  properly 
managed.  Thefe  Sorts  ufually  flower 
in  Winter,  if  they  are  placed  in  a  mo- 
derate Stove ;  and  as  at  that  Seafoa 
there  are  few  Flowers  in  the  open 
Air,  fo  thefe  are  more  valuable  on 
that  account. 

All 


A  M 

.  All  thefe  balboos-rooted'  Flowers 
delight  in  a  loofe  Tandy  Earth,  mix'd 
with  good  Kitchen-garden  Mould; 
and  in  the  Cultare  of  them  there 
ihould  be  but  little  Water  given  them 
at  thofe  times  when  their  Leaves  de- 
cay, and  the  Roots  are  not  in  a 
growing  State  i  for  much  Moiflure 
at  that  time  will  often  caufe  them 
ID  rot :  but  when  they  are  growing, 
and  putting  out  their  Fiower-ftems, 
tbey  Hiould  be  frequently  refrefhed 
with  Water,  bat  not  given  in  too 
great  Quantities  at  a  time.  The 
Pots  ihould  conHantly  be  kept  in 
the  Stove;  bat  in  Summer  they 
ihould  have  as  much  free  Air  as  pof- 
fible  :  for  altho'  fome  of  thefe  Sorts 
may  be  kept  abroad  in  Summer, 
yet  thofe  do  not  thrive  fo  well,  nor 
flower  fo  conftantly,  as  thofe  which 
are  treated  in  the  manner  here  de- 
.  fcribed. 

The  fifth  Sort^  which  is  called  the 
Be/Iadcnxa  Lily,  wa:^  brought  to  Eng- 
Ind  from  Portugal,  where  the  Gar- 
dens abound  with  thefe  Flowers; 
for  the  Roots  increafe  wtiy  faft,  efpe- 
dally  in  fuch  Countries  where  they 
live  in  the  open  Air.  The  Gardens 
in  baly  have  alfo  great  Quantities 
of  thefe  Flowersy  efpecially  about 
fiartjuei  where,  at  the  Seafon  of 
their  ilowering,  they  are  commonly 
ibid  in  the  Markets  to  adorn  their 
Rooms :  the  Italians  call  it  Nar« 
dflas  Belladonna.  This  Plant  thrives 
fo  well  in  lialj^  as  to  need  no  other 
Caltore  than  the  common  Lily  ; 
and  altho*  it  does  not  flower  until 
Jagmfif  yet  i.t  commonly  produces 
good  Seeds  in  that  Country,  from 
which  they  propagate  them  in  great 
nieoty ;  but  with  us  they  require  to 
be  planted  in  Pots  fillM  with  light 
freih  Earthy  and  in  Winter  they  muft 
beihelterMy  to  prevent  their  Leaves 
from  being  defhoy'd  by  the  ¥ro&, 
which,  if  it  does  not  quite  kill  their 


A  M 

Roots,  will  fo  weaken  them,  as  that 
they  will  not  recover  Strength  to 
flower  in  feveral  Years  after,  tho' 
you  ihould  attend  them  with  ever  fo 
much  Care.  This  Plaot  produces 
its  Flowers  in  September,  and  the 
green  Leaved  come  up  foon  after, 
and  abide  all  the  Winter  and  Spring 
until  May,  at  which  time  they  decay, 
foon  after  which  the  Roots  ihould 
be  tranfplanted ;  for  if  they  arc  let 
Hand  till  July,  they  will  have  fet 
forth  new  Fibres,  when  it  will  greatly 
injure  the  Roots,  if  they  are  dif- 
turb'd.  If  fome,  of  thefe  Roots 
are  planted  in  a  warm  Border,  clofe 
to  a  South  Wall,  and  on  a  dry  Soil, 
they  will  thrive  v^ry  well,  efpecially. 
if  tbey  are  covered  in  fevere  Froft  ; 
and  thefe  Roots  will  flower  much 
flronger  than  thofe  which  are  kept 
in  Pots,  and  will  multiply  fader. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  fuppofed  to 
come  originally  from  Japan  i   but 
has  been  many  Years  cultivated  in 
the  Gardens  of  Guern/ey  and  Jir/ey  ; 
in  both  which  Places  they  feem  to 
thrive  as  well  as  if  it  wa^  their.na- 
tive  Country;  and  from  thofe Iflanda 
fheir  Roots  are  fent  annually  to  the 
Curious  in  moft  Parts  of  Europe^ 
and  are  commonly  called  Guem/ey 
Lilies.    The  Roots  of  this  Plant  are 
generally  brought  over  in  July  and 
Auguft  I    but   the  fooner   they  are 
taken  out  of  the  Ground  after  their 
Leaves  decay,  they  are  the  better : 
for  altho*  the  Roots  which  are  takea 
up  when  their  Flower- flems  begin 
to  appear,  will  flower,    yet  their 
Flowers  will  not  be  fo  large,  nor 
will  their  Roots  be  near  fo  eood 
after,  as  thofe  which  were  removed 
before    they    had    fent    out    frelh 
Fibres. 

When  thefe  Roots  come  over, 
they  fhould  be  planted  in  Pots  iili'd 
with  frefh  light  fandy  Earth,  mix*d 
with  a  little  wy  rotten-Dung,  and 

placed 


A  M 

!>!acM  in  a^wflrm  Sitaadony  obferv- 
ng  now- and -then  to  refreih  the 
Earth  with  Water:  but  by  no  means 
kt  them  have  too  much  Wet,  which 
would  rot  their  Roots,  efpecially  be- 
fore they  come  up.  About  the  Mid- 
dle or  End  of  Auguft^  fuch  of  the 
Koots  as  are  ilrong  enough  to 
flower^  will  begin  to  (hew  the  Bud 
of  their  Flower-ftem  (which  is  com- 
monly of  a  red  Colour) ;  therefore 
you  Hiould  remove  thefePots  into 
a  Situation  where  they  may  have  the 
full  Benefit  of  the  Sun,  and  may  be 
Ihelter'd  from  ilrong  Winds :  but  by 
no  means  place  them  too  near  a 
Wall,  nor  under  Glaffcs,  which 
.would  draw  them  up  weak,  and 
render  them  lefs  beautiful.  At  this 
Seafon  they  fhould  be  gently  refrelh*d 
with  Water,  if  the  Weather  be  warm 
and  drys  but  if  it  fhould  prove  very 
wet,  they  fhould  be  fcreen'd  from 
h. 

When  the  Flowers  begin  to  open, 
the  Pots  fhould  be  removed  under 
Shelter,  to  prevent  the  Flowers  from 
being  injur'd  by  too  much  Wet : 
but  they  muft  not  be  kept  too  clofe, 
nor  placed  in  a  Situation  too.  warm, 
which  would  occafion  their  Colour 
Co  be. lefs  lively,  and  haflen  their 
Decay.  The  Flowers  of  this  Plant 
will  continue  in  Beauty  (if  rightly 
managed)  a  full  Month;  and  tho' 
they  have  no  Scent,  yet,  for  the 
Kichnefs  of  their  Colour,  they  are 
juftly  efleemed  in  the  Hrft  Rank  of 
the  fbwery  Race. 

After  the  Flo  wen  are  decay 'd,  the 
green  Leaves  will  begin  to  ihoot 
forth  in  Length,  and,  if  fhelterM 
from  fevereCoId,will  continue  grow- 
ing all  the  Winter  ;  but  they  muft 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  pofHble  in 
mild  Weather,  and  be  tover'd  only 
in  great  Rains  or  Frofls  ;  for  which 
Purpofe,  a  common  Hot-bed-frame 
IS  the  properefl  Shelter  for  them; 


A  M 

under  which  if  they  are  placed,  the 
GlafTes  may  be  taken  off  confbmtly 
every  Day  in  dry  open  Weather, 
which  will  encourage  the  Leaves  to 
grow  flrong  and  broad;  whereas» 
when  they  are  placed  in  a  Green- 
houfe,  or  not  expofed  to  the  open 
Air,  they  will  grow  long  and  flender, 
and  have  a  pale  Weak  Afpe6^,  where- 
by the  Roots  will  become  weak,  fo 
that  it  feldom  happens  that  they  pro- 
duce Flowers  under  fuch  Manage- 
ment. 

Thefe  Roots  fhould  be  tranfplant- 
cd  every  fourth  or  fifth  Year  to- 
ward the  Latter-end  of  Jwe^  or 
the  Beginning  of  July^  and  planted 
into  frefh  Earth;  but  they  fhould 
not  be  oftener  removed;  for  that 
would  retard  their  flowering.  The 
Offfets  fhould  alfo  be  taken  off, 
and  planted  into  feveral  Pots,  which, 
in  three  Years  time,  will  produce 
Flowers ;  fo  that  after  a  Perfon  is 
once  flockVi  with  thefe  Roots,  they 
may  increafe  them,  fo  as  to  have  a 
Supply  of  blowing  Roots,  without 
being  at  the  Trouble  or  Expence  of 
fending  to  Guernfey  every  Year  for 
frefh  Roots  ;  and  the  Roots  pre- 
ferved  here  will  flower  fh-onger  than 
thofe  which  are  ufually  brought  from 
thence :  for  the  Inhabitants  of  thofe 
Iflands  are  not  very  curious  in  cul- 
tivating thefe  Roots:  their  ufual 
Method  is  to  plant  them  at  a  great 
Diflance  in  a  Bed  of  common  Earth, 
where  they  let  them  remain  for  many 
Years :  in  which  time  they  produce 
fUch  a  Number  of  Off-fets,  that 
many  times  one  fingle  Clufler  has 
contained  above  an  hundred  Roots ; 
by  which  means,  thofe  which  grow 
on  the  Infide  are  fo  much  comprefled 
.by  the  outer  Roots,  that  they  are 
perfeAly  flatted ;  and  from  the  Num- 
ber of  Roots  they  are  all  render^ 
weak,  and  fo  unfit  to  produce  fuch 
large  Stems  of  Flowers^  as  thofe 

wbick 


A  M 

which  have  grown  fingle,  and  are  of 
a  rpheiical  Figure. 

AMBROSIA. 

The  Cl^raffers  are ; 

If  bafb  Male  fiofadous  FltnMffrj^ 
nxibicb  are  freduced  en  fefarate  Parti 
ef  the  feme  Plant  from  the  Fruity 
and  bene  no  nnjihle  Petals  :  the  Fruity 
wbitb  fiuceedt  the  Female  Flenuers^ 
is  ftfofed  like  a  Cluby  and  is  prickly, 
ieataining  one  obltmg  Seed  in  each. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Ambrosia  maritima,  C.  B, 
The  maritime,  or  Sea-ambrofia. 

2.  Ambrosia  m^ritima,  arte' 
mfije  feliis  inodoris^  elation  H,  L. 
Taller  unfavoury  Sea-ambrofia. 

3.  Ambrosia  Canadenfii  altijjima 
hirfuta^  platani  fclio.  Tourn,  The 
calleil  Canada  Ambrofia,  with  roqgh 
Plane-tree-  leaves. 

The  firft  of  theCe  Sorts  may  be 
fown  early  in  the  Spring,  in  a  Bor- 
der under  a  warm  Wall  or  Pale, 
where  it  will  come  up  very  well ; 
and  when  thePlantsare  ftrong  enough 
to  remove,  they  may  be  planted  into 
the  like  warm  Borders,  where  they 
will  flower,  and  perfedt  their  Seeds 
in  Autumn ;  but  if  they  have  not  a 
good  Pofition,  they  feldom  produce 
good  Seeds  in  this  Country. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  very  common 
in  the  Wefi-ln^et^  where  it  grows 
as  a  Weed,  and  is  feldom  regarded 
by  the  Inhabitants ;  but  in  Europe  it 
is  preferved  in  the  Gardens  of  the 
corioos  for  Variety.  This  Plant  fre- 
<|QeDtly  comes  up  in  the  Earth  which 
is  brought  over  from  Barbados,  and 
the  other  lilands ;  and  if  the  Plants 
are  broaght  forward  in  the  Spring, 
they  will  perfed  their  Seeds  yety 
well. 

The  $eed9  of  this  Plant  fhould 
be  fown  on  a  moderate  Hot-bed  in 
Marcbi  and  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up  two  Inches  high,  they  muft 
^  traofpla^ted  iivto  anotheir  mode- 


A  M 

rate  Hot-bed,  allowing  each  Plant 
three  or  four  Inches  fquare;  ob- 
ferving  to  water  them  pretty  well» 
and  fhade  them  until  they  have  taken, 
new  Root.  When  the  Plants  are 
grown  pretty  ftrong,  they  muft  be 
uken  up  with  Balls  of  Earth  to 
their  Roots,  and  planted  in  large 
Pots  fiird  with  rich  Earth ;  and  if 
they  are  placM  bn  a  very  moderate 
Hot-bed  until  they  are  well  rooted, 
it  will  greatly  forward  their  flower- 
ing. Toward  the  Latter -end  of 
May  they  (Kould  be  plac'd  abroad 
with  other  hardy  annual  Plants^ 
among  which  they  will  make  a  Va« 
riety. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
Nortb'/fmerica,  where  it  is  a  very 
common  Weed.  This  often  growi 
eight  or  ten  Feet  high ;  and  if  it  is 
planted  in  a  rich  moifl  Soil,  or  ij 
often  watered,  it  will  grow  muck 
higher,  and  fpread  out  into  many 
Branches.  The  Seeds  of  this  PJanr, 
when  fown  in  the  Spring,  feldom 
come  up  the  £rft  Year,  but  fre^ 
quently  remain  in  the  Ground  until 
the  following  Spring ;  fo  that  when 
the  Plants  do  not  come  up,  the 
Ground  muft  not  be  difturb'd  till 
after  the  Spring  following,  to  wait 
for  the  Plants  coming  up.  When 
the  Plants  come  up,  fome  of  them 
may  be  tranfplanted  into  a  moift  rich 
Soil,  allowing  them  at  leaft  four  09 
five  Feet  room  every  Way,  and  they 
fliould  be  fliaded  until  they  have 
taken  new  Root ;  and  if  they  are 
frequently  watere^  in  dry  Weather, 
they  will  grow  to  a  large  Size  i 
but  their  Branches  muft  be  fopport- 
cd  by  Stakes,  otherwife  they  arc 
very  fubjedl  to  break  with  ftrong 
Winds.  The  Flowers  of  this  Plant 
are  not  more  confpicuous  than  thofc 
of  the  Hemp,  to  which  this  is  near 
akin;  therefore  is  only  preferved 
by  fuch  Perfons  as  arc  Qurious  is 

Botany, 


AM      . 

Botany,  for  the  Take  of  Variety. 
If  the  Seeds  of  this  Sort  are  fuf- 
fered  to  fcacter,  the  Plants  will  come 
ap  the  following  Spring,  provided 
the  Ground  is  not  diflurbed ;  and 
if  the  Seeds  are  Town  in  Autumn, 
the  Plants  will  come  up  the  follow- 
ing Spring. 

AMMl,  BiJhops-weed. 
The  Charaden  are ; 

^bis  is  an  wnheiliferous  Plants 
nxitb  fmall  ftriated  Seeds  :  the  Petals 
•ftht  Flonuer  are  unequal^  andjhafed 
like  an  Heart. 

The  Sfecies  are ; 

1.  Am  MI  majus.  C.  B.  The 
greater  Biihops  weed. 

2.  Am  MI  majus  ^  foliis  plurimum 
tncifis^  ^  nonnihil  crifpis,  C.  B, 
The  greater  Biihops- weed,  with  fine 
cut  Leaves. 

3.  Am  MI  pcrenne,  M,  Um.  Per- 
ennial Bifhops-weed. 

The  Seeds  of  the  firft  and  fecond 
Kinds  fhould  be  fown  in  an  open 
Situation  early  in  the  Spring  ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  young,  they 
may  be  prickM  out  into  Beds  of  a 
fandy  Soil,  at  about  fix  Inches  Di- 
fiance  from  each  other,  obierving 
10  water  them  until  they  have  taken 
~fre(hRoot;  after  which  time  they 
will  require  no  more  Care,  but  to 
keep  them  clear  from  Weeds ;  and, 
if  the  Seafon  prove  good,  they  will 
ripen  their  Seeds  in  Autumn  :  or 
they  may  be  Town  thin  on  a  large 
Bed  ;  and  when  the  Plants  are  come 
up,  where  they  are  too  thick,  they 
may  be  hoed  out,  as  is  prafliied  for 
Carrots,  Onions,  ^c. 

The  Seeds  of  the  firfl  Sort  are 
ufed  in  Medicine :  the  fecond  is  a 
Variety  of  the  firft,  which  is  ac- 
cidental from  the  fame  Setds:  the 
third  is  an  abiding  Plant,  which  nrul- 
tiplies  very  faft  by  its  Root,  which 
is  ^cry  apt  to  fpread  far  under- 
ground, for  wbich  Rcafon  it  fhould 


A  M 

never  be  planted  in  a  good  Garden. 
Thefe  are  all  Varieties  fitter  for  a 
Botanic  or  Phyfic-gardcn,  than  for 
Gardens  of  Plcafure. 

AMOMUM  PLINII.    Fide  So- 
lan uhi. 

AMOR  IS  POMUM.     Fide  Ly- 
coperficon. 

AMYGDALUS,  The  Almond- 
tree. 

TTie  Cbaraffers  are ; 
.  //  batb  Leatses  and  Fio-ivers  «uery 
like  thofe  of  tbe  Peach-tree  ;  hut  the 
Fruit  is  longer  t  and  more  comprejfed: 
the  outer  green  Coat  is  thinner  and 
drier  *when  ripe^  and  tbe  Shell  is 
not  fo  rugged. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Amygdalus  fatt*va^  fruSu 
majore.  C.  B,  P,  The  common 
large  Almond. 

2.  Amygdalus  dulcis,  putamine 
mollkri.  C.  B.  P,  The  fwcet  Al- 
mond, with  tender  Shells. 

3.  Amygdalus  amara,  CB.P, 
The  bitter  Almond. 

4.  AMYGhALVS  fativa,  fore  alho* 
The  white- flowering  Almond. 

The  firft,  fecond,  and 'third  Sorts 
are  chiefly  cultivated  in  England  for 
the  Beauty  of  their  Flowers,  which 
are  produced  early  in  the  Spring, 
when  few  other  things  appear ; 
which  renders  them  worthy  of  a 
Place  in  the  bed  Gardens,  where 
being  intermixed  with  other  flower- 
ing Trees,  either  in  Wildernefs- 
quarters,  or  in  Walks,  they  make 
a  very  fine  Appearance. 

They  are  propagated  by  inocu- 
lating a  Bud  of  thel'e  Trees  into  a 
Plum,  Almond,  or  Peach-ftock,  in 
the  Month  of  July  (the  Manner  of 
this  Operation  fee  under  the  Article 
of  Inccularion),  The  next  Spring, 
when  the  Buds  fhoot,  you  may  train 
them  up  cither  for  StandanJs,  or 
fuftcr  them  to  grow  for  half  Stand- 
ards ^according  10  your  oWn  Fanc}')  ;• 


A  M 

tbo^  the  nfual  Method,  is  to  bad 
then  to  the  Height  the  Stems  are 
iDtended  to  be ;  and  the  fecond  Year, 
after  budding,  they  may  be  removed 
to  the  Places  where  they  are  to  re- 
main. The  beftSeafon  for  tranf- 
planting  thcfc  Trees  (if  for  dry 
Ground)  is  in  O^oher,  as  foon  as 
the  Leaves  begin  to  decay  ;  but  for 
a  wet  Soil,  Ftbruary  is  much  pre- 
ferable ;  and  obferve  always  to  bud 
8pon  Flnm-ftocks,  for  wet  Ground  ; 
and  Almonds  or  Peaches,  for  dry. 

The  Almond  with  white  Flowers 
is  a  greater  Curiofity  than  either  of 
die  former ;  and,  being  intermix^ 
with  the  other  Sorts,  and  a  few  of 
the  Cherry -plum  trees,  which  flower 
all  together,  adds  very  much  to  the 
Beauty  of  thefe  Plantations;  this 
Sort  with  white  Flowers  is  more 
difficult  to  increafe  than  either  of 
the  former,  and  will  not  take  upon 
a  Plum-ftock,  hut  muft  be  either 
budded  on  a  Peach  or  Almond. 

The  Sort  with  large  Fruit  pro- 
duces almod  every  Year  large  Quan- 
tities witk  us  in  Englandy  which,  if 
eaten  before  they  are  too  dry,  arc 
Ktrie  inferior  to  thofe  we  receive 
from  abroad  ;  but  if  kept  too  long, 
they  are  very  apt  to  (hrivel  up,  and 
lofe  their  Plumpnefs ;  but  in  other 
refpefis  arc  very  good. 

The  ^•ry/jir /Umonds,  which  are 
annually  brought  to  Engtandy  fecm 
to  be  the  fame  with  the  white  flower 
ing,  by  ibme  Plants  which  I  have 
nufed  from  the  Nuts,  which  retain 
the  fame  Appearance  in  Leaf  and 
Shoot,  as  thofe  with  white  Flowers ; 
hot  they  have  not  as  yet  flowered 
with  me,  altho*  the  Trees  are  grown 
to  a  large  Size. 

The  bitter  and  fwcet  Almonds  are 
•nly  Varieties,  which  will  come 
from  the  fame  Seeds  ;  but  there  is 
a  manifeft  Difference  between  thefe 
aadthe  white-flowering.  Sort,  both 


•  A  N 

In  Leaf  and  Shoot,  fo  as  to  be  df- 
flinguifhed  thereby  at  all  SeaCbnss 
yet  by  later  Botanifts  they  are  B^ade 
but  one  Species. 

The  white  Sort,  coming  out  ear- 
lier in  the  Spring  than  the  other,  is 
in  greater  Danger  of  fuffering  from 
the  Froft  in  the  Spring,  whereby  few 
Fruit  are  ever  feen  upon  the  Trees 
in  this  Country. 

ANACAMPSEROS.  Telcphivm^ 
or  Rhodia  Radix ;   in  Engliih,  Or- 
pine, Live-ever,  or  Rofe  root. 
The  Chara^ers  are; 

7/   hath   a  perennial  Root  :    the 
Lea'veSf  Stalks,  FlaiverSy  and  Fruits- 
are  tike  thofe  cf  the  Hou/e-lcek  ;  hut 
the  Lcafves  cf  this  Plant  do  not  grorjj 
in  a  eircumfcrihed  Order.,  as  thofe  of 
the  Houfe-leek  \  but  the  Plant  arifes 
*with  a  Stalky  upon  nvhieh  the -Leaves 
are  plac'd  on  e*verj Side :  the  FUtwer* 
gronv  in   Umhels,    upon  the  Tops  of 
the  Stalks, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Anacampsehos,  *vulgo  Faha 
crajfa.  J.B  3.  681.  Common  Or- 
pice. 

2.  Anacampseros  purpurea, 
y.  5.  3.  682.     Purple  Orpine. 

3.  Anacampseros  maxima. 
J.B,  2,.  682.     Greatefl  Orpine. 

4.  Anacampseros  Lsifitanica 
h nematodes  maxima,  Tourn,  The 
greattQ  red  Portugal  Orpine. 

5.  Anacampseros  radice  rofam 
fpirantey  major,  Tourn,  264.  Greater 

Rofe -root. 

6.  Anacampseros  radice  rofam 
fpirantCy  minor,  Tourn.  264.     LeiTer 

Rofe-roo:. 

7.  A N a ca  M  P s  E  R  o's  foHis  elegan- 
ter  *variegatis.  Orpine  with  fbif^ed 
Leave*. 

8.  Anacampseros  minor j  rofun- 
diore  folio ^  femper  -'virens,  J.  B, 
Small  evergreen  Orpine,  with  a 
rounder  Leaf.' 

o.  Ana- 


A  N 

9.  Anacampseros  mittor,  /on- 
gi^e  folio^  fimper-vinns,  Tourn, 
Small  ^  ever-green  Orpiae»  with  a 
longer  Leaf. 

10.  Akacampseros  f9rtulaat 
folio,  Tourn,     Orpine  with  a  Pur- 

ilaneleaf. 

1 1.  Anacampseros  fore  furpu- 
rafcente^foliis  rarioribus.  Totirv,  Or- 
pine with  a  purpliih  Flower^  and 
thin-fet  Leaves. 

12.  Anacampseros  Orientaiis^ 
fort ulac^  folio.  Tourn,  Cor.  Eaftem 
Orpine,  with  a  Purflane-leaf. 

13.  Anacampseros  Oriinta/tj, 
folio  Jvibrotundo  minori  elegantcr  cre^ 
naio.  Tourn.  Cor.  Eaflern  Orpine, 
with  a  fmall  roandifh  Leaf,  finely 
notched. 

14.  Anacampseros  fore  aiho^ 
fufina.  Tourn.  Low  Orpine,  with 
a  white  Flower. 

The  firft  Sort  grows  wild  in  niany 
Parts  oi  England  I  which  is  the  Sort 
fometimes  ufed  in  Medicine,  and 
which  was  fome  Years  iince  in  great 
Efleem  to  form  green  Chimney-pieees 
for  the  Summer- feafony  which  fome 
People  were  very  dextrous  in  mako- 
ingy  by  framing  a  Parcel  of  Laths 
together  of  the  juft  Dimenfions  of 
the  Place  where  it  was  to  fland ; 
and  then  failening  this  Plant  to  the 
ftveral  Parts  of  it,  fo  as  to  cover 
the  Whole  with  Green:  and  altho^ 
this  was  only  performed  with  Cut- 
tings of  the  Plant,  yet  by  giving 
the  Whole  a  gentle  Watering  once 
a  Week,  the  Plant  would  not  only 
live,  but  (hoot  in  Length,  and  con- 
tinue freih  for  two  Months,  and 
appear  very  handfome. 

The  other  Sort?  are  ftrldom  pro- 
pagated but  in  Botanic  Gardens, 
for  the  fake  of  Variety.  They  are 
all  of  them  very  hardy  Plants  i  but 
tjjey  mud  have  a  dry  Soil ;  for  they 
arc  fubje^  to  rot,  if  ^*icy  have  too 

.6 


A  N 

much  Moiflare.  They  may  be  all 
of  them  propagated  by  Cuttings  an/ 
time  in, Summer  (except  the  fifth  and 
fixth  Sorts,  which  are  only  propa- 
gated by  parting  of  their  Roots) ; 
as  may  alfo  any  of  the  other  Sorts. 
The  beft  time  to  part  their  Roots  is 
in  OSoier,  when  their  Shoots  de- 
cay, or  February^  before  they  begin 
to  ihoot;  for  the  ftfth  and  fixth  Sorts 
put  out  their  Flowers  very  early  in 
the  Spring.  Tbefe  two  Sorts  do 
not  grow  above  ^  Inches  high,  and 
have  thick  ftrong  Shoots,  on  the 
Top  of  which  the  Flowers  arc  pro- 
duced in  Clufters.  The  Roots  of 
thefe  Plants  fmeli  like  dried  Rofes; 
from  whence  they  had  the  Name  of 
Rofe-root. 

The  eighth  and  ninth  Sorts  are 
ever- green :  thefe  put  out  (lender 
Shoots  about  one  Foot  long,  the  up* 
per  Part  of  which  are  garnifhed  with 
Leaves,  which  are  of  a  glaucous 
Colour.  Thefe  two  Sorts  arc  very 
proper  Plants  for  Rock-work,  where, 
if  they  are  planted  between  tho 
Stones  or  Shells,  they  will  thrive 
very  well,  and  have  a  very  good 
Eifedt*  Thefe  may  be  eafily  pro- 
pagated by  Slips,  which  may  be 
planted  any  time  of  the  Year,  ex- 
cept in  frofty  Weather. 

ANAGALLIS,  Pimpernel. 
The  CharoBers  arc ; 

The  Flower  confifts  of  one  Liaf  is 
Jhcffd  like  a  Wbeel^  and  is  €ui  int^ 
fenjernl  Segments :  the  Pointmly  nohieb 
is  fixed  like  a  Nail  in  the  Middle  of 
the   Flo^ver^    afterfward   becomes   a 
round  Fruity  fwihich,  <u;hen  ripe,  opens 
tranJ'Verfy  into   t^wo  Parts^   one  of 
nvhich  lies  incumbtut  on  the  other,  itt' 
clofing  many  angular  Seeds* 
The  Species  are ; 

X.  Anacallis  phceniceo  fore- 
C.  B.  P.  Male  Pimpernel,  with 
a  red  Flower. 

:?.  Ana- 


A  N 

s.  Anagallis  cetrmli9  Jhre. 
C  B,  P,  Female  Pimpernel^  whh  a 
Uae  Flower. 

5.  Amaca^Xis  JUrihus  thfahti 
fmfmrtis.  Park.  Thiat.  PimpePjiel 
with  Floivim  of  a  worn-out  purple 
Colour. 

4.  AlTAGALLIS^tfrr  nlho.  C.  B.  P. 

Puupeiuci  with  a  white  Flower. 

5.  AvAOALLis  tenuifoiia  M^elli, 

Ct^.  Narrow- leav*d  Pimpemel, 
nil  a  bloe  Flower. 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 
Cora-£elds,  and  other  cohivated 
Ffanes,  in  mofi:  ParU  of  Englami, 
The  feeoAd  and  third  Sortsare  fome* 
cittes  fbondr  wild  in  the  Fields,  but 
ne  lela  common  than  the  firft  in 
EafUtnd. '  The  fourth  is  a  Variety 
of  the  fecond  Sort,  which  is  acci- 
dental.     . 

Thefe  are  all  annual  Plants,  which 
tak  from  Seeds,  and,  if  fuffered  to 
renain  till  their  Seeds  fatter,  will 
become  Weeds  in  thePl^ce ;  fo  chat 
they  are  never  cnlcivated,  except  in 
Bocinic  Garidens  for  Variety.  The 
fiii  and  feeond  Sons  are  dired^ed  b^ 
die  Cfl/f^  of  Phyficiofis  for  medi- 
diial  Ufe. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  a  very  beautiful 
foBil  Plant,  producing  great  Num< 
bers  of  fine  blue  Flowers,  in  May 
and  Jmmi  :  this  may  be  propagated 
hf  Seeds,  which  fliould  be  fowa 
ioon  after  they  are  ripe  :  for  if  they 
are  kept  till  Spring,  they  do  not 
always  fucceed:  thci'e  Plants  require 
to  be  Sheltered  from  extreme  Cold, 
wUch  will  fometimes  deftroy  them : 
tbev  are  alfo  propagated  by  Cut- 

ANAGYRIS,  Stinking  Bean>tre- 
IbiL 

The  Charters  arei 

It  hmtb  a  fsfiiionaaous  for  Bui" 
f^/j)  FUfWir^  twboft  Standard  is 
Jbirt  when  compared  to  the  other  Pe- 
tals: the  Point  alp  which  rifss  from 

Vou.  I. 


A  N 

the  Flonver-cup^  afiemuard  becomes  m 
Pod  Jhaped  Uke  a  Kidney-bean^  con* 
taininz  many  kidntyjhaped Seeds :  to 
Kvhicb  Notes  Jhould  bo  added^  Tho 
Loa*ves  gronv  by  Threes  on  one  com* 
mon  Foet/fa/k. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Av kGYKis  fattida,  C  S. 
Stinking  Bean -trefoil. 

2.  Anagyris  fcetida  Cretica^ 
Mongis  foliis,  luteis  Jkribus,  Barr, 
Icon.  Candy  (linking  Eean-trefoil, 
with  oblong  Leaves,  and  yellow 
Flowers. 

The  firft  Sort  grows  wild  in  the 
South  of  France^  as  alfo  in  Spain 
and  Italy:  this  is  a  Shrub  which 
ufually  rifes  to  the  Height  of  eight 
or  ten  Feet,  and  produces  its  Flowers 
in  Jptil  and  May,  which  are  of  a 
bright'ycllow  Colour,  growing  in 
Spikes,  fomewhat  like  thofe  of  the 
Laburnum:  the  Seeds  are  feldom 
perfected  in  this  Country,  which  is 
the  Rea(bn  of  its  prefenc  Scarcity  in 
England, 

The  other  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
Candf,  and  fome  of  the  IQands  of 
the  Archipelago ;  and  at  prefent  is 
very  rare  in  the  Englijh  Gardens, 
This  Sort  hath  longer  Leaves  than 
the  former,  and  flowers  later  in  the 
Summer,  fo  that  it  very  rarely  pro* 
duces  Seeds. 

Thefe  may  be  both  propagated  by 
laying  down  their  tender  Branches  in 
the  Spring,  obferving  in  dry  Wea« 
ther  to  fupply  them  with  Water, 
which  if  duly  performed,  the  Layers 
will  have  taken  Root  by  the  follow^ 
ing  Spring,  when  they  fhould  be 
cut  oiF  from  the  old  Plants,  a  little 
time  before  they  begin  to  put  out 
their  Leaves,  and  planted  in  a  warm  ^ 
Situation  ;  for  if  they  are  too  much 
expofcd  to  cold  Winds,  they  will  be 
in  Danger  of  being  deftroyed  in  an 
hard  Wmter.  This  Method  of  pro- 
pagating thefe  Plants  is,  to  iuyply 
F  their 


\  • 


/ 


A  N 

their  Defeft  in  not  producing  ripe 
Seeds  in  this  Country ;  for  tke  Plants 
which  are  produced  from  Seeds,  will 
be  much  handfomer.  and  will  rife 
to  a  much  greater  Height. 

If  you    propagate   thefe  Plants 
from  Seedsy  you  (hould  fow  them  on 
a  warn  Border  of  light  frelh  Earxh, 
toward  the  End  of  March,  obferv- 
i^g  always  to  do  it  in  dry  Weather; 
for  if  much  Wet  Ihould  fall  after 
the  Seeds  are  in  the  Ground,  they 
will  rot.     If  the  Seeds  are  good, 
and  the  Seafon  favourable,  the  Plants 
will  appear  in  a  Monrh  after  the 
Seeds  are  Town ;  at  which  time  you 
*  ihould  carefully    clear   them  from 
Weeds  t  and  in  veiy  dry  Weather 
they  ihould  be  frequently  itfrefhtd 
with  Water :  if  thefe  Rules  be  duly 
cbferved,  the  Plants  will  be  fix  or 
eight  Inches  high  before  Winter. 
While  thefe  Plants  are  young,  they 
will  be  in  much  greater  Danger  of 
fuffering  by  Froft :  therefore,  if  the 
Winter  ihould   prove  very  fevere, 
you  Ihould  ihelter  them  with  Mats 
during  the  Continuance  of  the  Froft; 
but  in  mild  Weather  they  ihould  be 
expofed  to  the  open  Air.     In  Murch 
following  you  (hould  carefully  take 
up  thefe  Plants,  obferving  not  to 
injure  their  RootJi  i    then  you  mud 
tranfplant  them  into  a  Nuritry  bed, 
placing  thenr  in  Rows  at  a  Foot 
])i(lance«  and  the  Planu  at  fix  Inches 
.DiiUnce  In  the  Rows,   obferving, 
if  the  Seafon  ihould  prove  dry,  to 
give  them  Water  until  they  have 
taken  nrw  Root ;   after  which  time 
they  will  require  no  other  Culture, 
but  to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds, 
during  the  Summer- feafon ;  but  if 
the  following  Winter  Ihould  prove 
very  fcver;e,  it  will   be  proper  to 
fcreen  them   either   with  Mats   or 
Peas-haulm,  otherwife  they  tmy  be 
deiiroyed.     In  this  Bed  they  may 
remain  two  Years,  by  which  time 


A  N 

they  will  be  iit  to  tnuifplant  itit6 
the  Places  where  they  are  dciigned 
to  remain.     The  befl  Seafon  to  re* 
move  them  is  in  Manb^  jult  before 
they  begin  to  ftioot  s  and  obferve  not 
to  injure  their  RoQtSi  as  alfo   ta 
water  thtm,  if  the  Seafon  ihoald 
prove  dry,  until  they  have  taken 
Root)  as  alfa  to  lay  fome  Mulch  on 
the  Surface  of  the  .Ground  abeoC 
their  Roots^  to  prevent  the  Air  from 
penetrating  to  dry  their  Fibre^^^whick 
will  fave  much  TrouUe  in  watendg. 
The  founh  Year  from  Seeds  theft 
Plants  will  begin  to  produce,  their: 
Flowers,  and  will  continue  to  proN 
duce  Flowers  tvtry  Year  after  i  £o . 
will  be  very  proper  to  intermix  with 
other  flowering  Shrubs  of  the  fiun^ 
Growth. 

ANANAS,  The  Pine-apple. 
The  Cbara&ers  art  t 

It  bath  a  tio^tr  c^^Hng  •fma 
Ltaf,  nxhidb  U  di'&uUd  into  ibru 
Parity  mndis  fknnthJhofteLz  ,tht  Em* 
bry^ti  are  pridueid  m  tbf  Jmbtrtle$  : 
thife  cftgr'ward  biKome  m  fftfify  Fndt 
fuU  of  June  :  the  Seeds,  wbUb  one 
lodged  in  tbt  Tttberclts^  are  nHfjfmedl^  . 
and  almoji  kidn^y-Jkofed* 
The  Species  are  i 

I .  An  AKAS  a€vleatu$^frw9u^V9t9^ 
came  aihiJa,  Plum,  Ova{-ibapcd 
Pine  apple,  with  a  whitiifa  Fleih. 

z.  Ananas  aculeatmu  fruStt  fy-" 
ramiaate,  came  aurea.  Plum.  J*y* 
ramidai  Pine  apple,  with  a  yellowi^ 
Flelh,  called  the  Sugar-loaf  pine. 

3.  Ananas  feJio  nfix  JerreUe. 
Boerb  Ind,  Alt.  t  83.  Piae-a^le 
with  fmooth  Leaves. 

4.  An   NAS    lucide    njirenS^  filiw    . 
'vix  /errata   Hort,  Eltb.    Pine  )apple 
wit  h  ftiining- green  Leaves,  and  fca/ce   . 
any  Spines  on  their  £dges. 

5.  Ananas    fruciu   pyreimidaf^ 
oli<va  colore^  intus  aureo.    Pyramidal  - 
Qlive- coloured  Pine-apple,  with  a 
yellow  Flfih.  .   . 

6.    ANAMAt 


A  N 

6.  Ananas  aculeaius^  fm8u  fy 
ramdato  ex  nnridi  fla<vefcenti.  The 
green  Pinc-appte. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Fruit,  fooie  of  which  may 
have  been  obtained  from  Seeds ; 
and  r  doabt  not  but  if  the  Seeds 
were  fowa  frequently,  in  the  Coud- 
tries  where  they  are  in  Plenty,  there 
may  be  as  ^eat  Variety,  of  thefe 
Frait,  as  there  are  of  Apples  or 
Pears  in  Europe,  Ami  this  I  have 
foand  true  by  fome  Trials  which  I 
have  made  by  fowing  of  the  Seeds, 
which  have  always  produced  a  Va- 
riety of  Sorts  from  the  Seeds  of 
the  fame  Fruit. 

This  Fruit  (which  is juilly  eHeem- 
cd  for  the  Richnefs  of  its  Flavour, 
as  it  forpaQes  all  the  known  Fruits 
ia  the  World)  is  produced  from  an 
herbaceous  Plant,  which  hath  Leaves 
femewhat  refembling  thofe  of  the 
Aloe;  and  are,  for  the  moll  part, 
(awed  on  their  Edges ;  but  are  much 
t&mner,  and  hot  fo  juicy  as  the 
Aloe :  the  Fruit  refembles  the  Cones 
of  the  Pine- tree,  from  whence  it  is- 
fiippofed  to  have  its  Name. 

Where  this  Plant  is  a  Native,  I 
beCeve  it  is  hard  to  determine  ; 
bat  it  is  probably  an  indigenous  Plant 
m  Africa^  where,  I  have  been  in- 
formed, they  grow  in  uncultivated 
Places  in  great  Plenty.  They  have 
been  long  cultivated  in  the  hotteil 
Iflands  of  the  Weft-hditt^  where 
they  are  in  great  Plenty,  and  ex- 
traordinary Goodnefs;  but  it  hath 
been  very  lately  that  it  was  intro- 
duced into  the  Etiropean  Gardens,  fo 
as  to  produce  Fruit :  the  firil  Per- 
fon  who  fucceeded  in  this  Affair, 
was  Monfieur  Le  Cour,  of  Leyden  in 
Holland^  who,  after  a  great  many 
Trials,  with  little  er  no  Succcefs, 
did,  at  length,  hit  upon  a  proper 
Degree  of  Heat  and  Management, 
fe  IS  to  produce  Fruit  et^ually  as 


A  N 

good  (tfato'  not  fo  large)  fls  thofb 
which  are  produced  in  the  Wefl^' 
Indies^  as  hath  been  often  affirmed 
by  Perfons  who  have  lived  many 
Years  there :  and  it  is  to  this  worthy 
Cultivator  of  Gardening,  who  did 
not  rpare  any  Pains  or  Expence  to 
accomplifli  it,  that  all  the  Lovers 
thereof  are  obliged,  for  introducing 
this  King  of  Fruits  among  them : 
and  it  was  from  him  that  our  Gar- 
dens in  England  were  firfl  fupplied  ; 
tho*  we  have  Ence  had  large  Quan* 
tities  brought  from  America.  I  can^C 
here  avoid  taking  notice  of  a  com« 
mon  Error  which  prevails  amongft 
many  People,  which  is,  that  the 
Plants  brought  from  America  are  not 
fo  good  as  thofe  which  came  from 
M.  Le  Cour:  but  it  is  a  great  Mif- 
take ;  for  were  the  People  who  fend 
over  thefe  Plants  from  America 
careful  to  fend  the  beft  Kinds,  there  . 
would  be  found  many  better  Kinds 
than  thofe  caltivated  by  M.  LeCour, 
who  had  his  from  thence  at  firft,  aa  ' 
his  Gardener  afiured  me;  and  I 
have  feen  as  good  Fruit  produced 
from  American  Plants,  as  any  I  have 
yet  feen»  and  fome  much  larger  thaa 
any  I  faw  in  M.  LeCour'^  Garden. 

The  firil  Sort  is  the  moft  common 
in  Europe  i  but  the  fecond  Sort  is 
much  preferable  to  it,  the  Fruit  of . 
this  being  larger,  and  much  better 
flavoured  :  the  Juice  of  this  Sort  is 
not  fo  allringent  as  is  that  of  tiie 
firft,  fo  that  this  Fruit  may  be  eaten  - 
in  greater  Quantity,  with  lefs  Dan- 
ger. This  Sort  generally  produces 
Sx  or  feven  Suckers,  immediately 
under  the  Fruit,  whereby  it  may 
be  increafed  much  fafler  than  the 
common  Sort ;  fo  that  in  a  few  Years 
it  may  be  the  moft  common  Sort  in 
England. 

The  third  Sort  is  preferved  by 
fome  curious  Perfons,  for  the  fake 
of  Variety ;   but  the  Fruit  is  not 
F  a  worth 


A  N 

worth  any  thing.  The  fixth  Sort 
is  at  prefeht  the  moft  rare  in  Europe^ 
there  being  very  few  of  the  Plants 
at  prefent :  this  is  efteemed  the  beft 
Sort  yet  known,  by  fome  of  the 
moil  curious  Perfons  in  Anurica^ 
who  haxre  thrown  out  all  the  other 
Sorts  from  their  Gardens,  and  cul- 
tivate only  this  Kind.  The  Plants 
of  this  Sort  may  be  procured  from 
Barbados  and  Montfirrat,  in  both' 
which  Places  it  is  cultivated. 

The  Sort  with  very  fmooth  grafs- 
green  Leaves,  was  railed  from  Seeds 
taken  out  of  a  rotten  Fruit,  which 
came  from  the  Wift- Indies  to  the 
Izte HentyHeathcote^Eiq;  from  whom 
I. received  one  Plant,  which  hath 
produced  large  Fruit:  this,  I  am 
told,  is  what  the  People  of  America 
call  the  King-pine.  I  have  fmce 
raifed  fome  Plants  of  this  Kind  from 
Seeds,  which  were  brought  me  from 
Jamaica. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
planting  the  .Crowns  which  grow 
on  the  Fruit,  or  the  Suckers  which 
are  produced  either  from  the  Plants, 
or  under  the  Fruit;  either  of  which 
I  have  found  to  be  equally  good ; 
akho^  by  fome  Perfons  the  Crown 
is  thought  preferable  to  the  Suckers, 
as  fuppoiing  it  will  produce  Fruit 
fooner  than  the  Suckers,  which  is 
certainly  a  Miftake  ;  for  by  con- 
iUnt  Experience  I  find  the  Suckers 
(if  equally  ilroflg)  will  fruit  as  foon, 
and  produce  as  large  Fruit,  as  the 
Crowns. 

The  Suckers  and  Crowns  mufl 
be  laid  to.  dry  in  a  warm  Place,  for 
four  or  firt  Days,  or  more  (accord- 
ing to  the  MoiHure  of  the  Part  which 
adher'd  to  the  o'd  Plant  or  Fruit) ; 
for  if  they  are  immediately  planted, 
they  will  rot.  The  certain  Rule  of 
judging  when  they  are  fit  to  plant, 
is  by  obferving  if  the  Bottom  is 
healed  over,  and  become  hard  j  for 


A  N 

if  the  Suckers  are  drawn  off  c^refulTy 
from  the  old  Plants,  they  will  have 
an  hard  Skin  over  the  lower  Part ; 
fo  need  not  lie  fo  long  as  thofe 
which  by  Accident  may  have  been 
broken.  But  whenever  a  Crown  is. 
taken  from  th^  Fruit,  or  the  Suckers 
from  old  Plants,  they  ihould  be  im- 
mediately diveAed  of  their  Bottom- 
leaves,  fo  high  as  to  allow  Depth 
for  their  planting ;  fo  that  they  may 
be  thoroughly  dry  and  healed  in 
every  Parr,  \t9ty  when  they  receive' 
Heat  and  Moilture,  they  fhould  pe- 
riih,  which  often  happens  when  this 
Method  is  not  purfued.  U  thefe 
Suckers  or  Crowns  are  taken  off 
late  in  Autumn,  or  during  the  Win- 
ter, or  early  in  the  Spring,  they 
(hould  be  laid  in  a  dry  Place  in  the 
Stove,  for  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks 
before  they  are  planted ;  but  in  the 
Sammer-feafon  they  will  be  fit  for 
planting  in  three  or  four  Days. 

As  to  the  Earth  in  which  thefe 
(hould  be  planted  ;  if  you  have  a 
rich  good  Kitchen-garden  Mould, 
not  too  heavy,  fo  as  to  detain  the 
Moifturc  too  long,  nor  over-light 
and  fandy,  it  will  be  vtry  proper 
for  them  without  any  Mixture :  but 
where'  this  is  wanting^  you  fhould 
procure  fome  frefli  Earth  from  a 
good  Failure ;  which  fhould  be 
mixed  with  about  a  third  Part  of 
rotten  Neats-dung,  or  the  Dung  of 
an  old  Melon  or  Cucumber -bed, 
which  is  well  confumed.  Thefe 
fhould  be  mixed  fix  or  eight  Months 
at  leafl  before  they  are  uled ;  but  if 
it  be  a  Year,  it  will  be  the  better; 
and  fhould  be  often  turned,  that 
their  Parts  may  be  the  better  united, 
as  alfo  the  Clodfs  well  broken.  This 
Earth  fhould  not  be  fcreened  very  fine; 
for  if  you  only  clear  it  of  the  great 
Stones,  it  will  be  better  for  the 
Plants  than  when  it  is  made  too 
fine.   You  fhould  always  avoid  mbc- 

ing 


A  N 

iBg  Zfif  Sand  with  the  Earth,  unlefs 

k  be  extremely  iUff;   and  then  it 

win  be  neceflary  to  have  it  mixed 

at  kaft  fix  Months,  or  a  Year,  before 

k  is  afed ;  and  it  m aft  be  freqaently 

turned,  that  the  Sand  may  be  in- 

torporated  in  the  Earth,  fo  as  to 

divide  its  Parts :  but  yon  fliould  not 

pat  more  than  a  fikth  Part  of  Sand ; 

for  too  mach  Sand  is  very  injurious 

«to  thefe  Plants. 

In  the  Sammer-feafon,  when  the 
Weather  is  warm,  thefe  Plants  mufl 
be  frequently  watered ;  but  yoa 
fhould  not  give  them  large  Quan- 
tiiies  at  a  time :  you  muil  alfo 
be  very  careful,  that  the  Moiilure 
is  not  detained  in  the  Pots,  by  the 
Holes  being  ftoppM  ;  for  that  will 
foon  deftroy  the  Plants.  IftheSca- 
ibn  is  warnrf,  they  (hould  be  watered 
every  other  Day ,—  but  in  a  cool 
SeafoD,  twice  a  Week  will  be  often 
enough :  and  during  the  Summer- 
feafon,  you  ihould  once  a  Week 
water  them  gently  all  over  their 
Leaves; 'which  will  waih  the  Filth 
from  off  them,  and  thereby  greatly 
promote  the  Growth  of  the  Plants. 

There  are  fome  Perfons  who  fre- 
quently (hift  thefe  Plants  from  Pot 
to  Pot :  but  this  is  by  no  means  to 
be  praflifed  by  thofe  who  propofe 
to  have  large  well -flavoured  Fruit ; 
for  unlefs  the  Pots  be  filled  with 
the  Roots,  by  the  time  the  Plants 
begin  to  fbew  (heir  Fruit,  they  com- 
monly produce  fmall  Fruit,  which 
have  generally  large  Crowns  on 
them  :  fo  that  the  Plants  will  not 
require  to  be  new-potted  oftcner 
than  twice  in  a  Seafon :  the  firlt  time 
fhould  'be  about  the  End  of  ^pn/, 
when  the  Suckers  and  Crowns  of 
the  former  Year's  Fruit  (which  re- 
mained all  t)ie  Winter  in  thofe  Pots 
in  which  they  were  firil  planted) 
Ibould  be  fhifted  into  larger  Pots; 
/.  e,  thofe  which  were  in  Halfpeny 


A  N 

or  Three-farthing  Pots,  (hould  be 
put  into  Peny,  or,  at  moft,  Three- 
halfpeny  Pots,  according  to  the  Size 
of  the  Plants ;  for  you  muft  be  very 
careful  not  to  over- pot  them,  no- 
thing being  more  prejudicial  to  thefe 
Plants.  The  fecond  time  for  fhift- 
ing  of  them  h,  toward  the  Latter- 
end  of  Augufi^  or  the  Beginning  kX 
September^  when  you  fhould  fliifV 
thofe  Plants  which  are  of  a  pro- 
per Size  for  fruiting  the  following 
Spring,  into  Two-pcny  Pots,  which 
are  full  large  enough  for  any  of 
thefe  Plants.  At  each  of  thefe  timcf 
of  fhiTting  the  Plants,  the  fiarlc-bed 
fhould  be  flirred  up,  and  fome  new 
Bark  added,  to  raife  the  Bed  up  to 
the  Height  it  was  at  fird  made  i 
and  when  the  Pots  are  plunged  again 
into  the  Bark-bed,  the  Plants  fhould 
be  watered  gently  all  oyer  their 
Leaves,  to  wafh  off  the  Filth,  and 
to  fettle  the  Earth  to  the  Roots  of 
the  Plants.  If  the  Bark-bed  be  well 
flirred,  and  a  Quantity  of  good  fre(h 
Bark  added  to  the  Bed,  at  this  latter' 
fhifting,  it  will  be  of  great  Ser- 
vice to  the  Pla*its ;  and  they  may 
remain  in  the  Tan  until  the  Begin- 
ning of  No*vembery  or  fometimes 
later,  according  to  the  Mildnefs  ef 
the  Seafon;  and  will  not  require 
any  Fire  before  that  time.  During 
the  Wmter-feafon  thefe  Plants  will 
not  require  to.  be  watered  oftener 
than  ever/  third  or  fourth  Day,  ac- 
cording as  you  find  the  Earth  in  the 
Pots  to  dry :  nor  fhould  you  give 
them  too  much  at  each  time  ;  for  it 
is  much  better  to  give  them  a  litt'e 
Water  often,  than  to  over-water 
them,  efpecially  at  that  Seafon. 

You  muft  obferve  never  to  (hift 
thofe  Plantb  which  fhew  their  Fruit, 
into  other  Pots ;  for  if  they  arc  re- 
moved after  the  Fruit  appears,  it 
will  flop  the  Growth,  and  thereby 
caufe  the  Fruit  lo  be  fmaller,  and  re- 
F  3  tard 


AN  AN 

Uxi  its  ripening:    fo  that  many  they  are  the  fame  Infers  which  bare 

times  it  will  be  OB^ber  or  Nwem-  deftroyed  the  Sagar-canes  of  lace 

btr  before  the  Frait  is  ripe  :  there*  Years    io    fome    of  the   Letnjjord 

fore  you  (hould  be  very  careful  to  IJlanis.     Since  they  have  been  in 

keep  the  Plants  in  a  vigorous  grow-  England^  they  have  fpread  greatly  in 

log  State,  from  the  firft  Appearance  fuch  Stoves,   where  there  has  not 

of  the  Fruit,  becaufe  upon  this  de-  been  more  than  ordinary  Care  taken 

pend  the  Goodnefs  and  Size  of  the  to  dellroy  them.  They  have  alfo  at- 

Fruit;  for  if  they  receive  a  Check  tacked  the  Orange-trees  in  many 

after  this,    the  Fruit  is  generally  Gardens  near  London^  and  have  done 

fmall,  and  ill*tafted.  them  incredible  Damage  ;  but  I  do 

When  you  have  cut  off  the  Fruit  not  find  they  will  endure  the  Cold 

from  the  Plan tSyWhofe  Kind  you  are  of  our  Climate  in  Winter,  fo  that 

deiirout  to  propagate,   you  ihould  they  are  never  found  on  fuch  Plants 

trim  the  Leaves,  and  plunge  the  Pots  as  live  in  the  open  Air.     The  only 

into  a  moderate  Hot  bed ;  obferving  Method  I  have  yet  been  able  to  dif- 

to  refrefh  them  frequently  with  Wa-  cover  for  deib-oying  chefe  Infers, 

ter,  which  will  caufe  them  to  put  is,  by  walhing  the  Leaves,  Branches, 

out  Suckers  in  Plenty  ;  fo  that  a  Per-  and  Stems,  of  fuch  Plants  as  they 

fon  may  be  foon  fupplied  with  Plants  attack,  frequently  with  Water,  in 

enough  of  any  of  the  Kinds,  who  which  there  has  been  a  ftrong  Infu- 

will  but  obferve  to  keep  the  Plants  lion  of  Tobacco-ftalks,  which  I  find 

in  Health.  will  deftroy  the  Infe&s,  and  not  pre- 

There  is  not  any  thing  which  can  judice  the  Plants.     But  this  Method 

happen  to^  thefe  Plants,  of  a  more  cannot  be  pradtifed  on  the  Ananas 

dangerous  Nature,    than   to  have  Plants,  becaufe  thefe  Infefts  will  fa- 

them  attacked  by  fmall  white  In-  Hen  themfelves  fo  low  between  the 

fe£t8,  which  appear  at  firft  like  a  Leaves,  that  it  is  impofli  le  to  come 

white  Mildew,  but  foon  after  have  at  them  with  a  Sponge  to  wa(h  them 

the  Appearance  of  Lice :  thefe  at-  off ;  fo  that  if  all  thofe  which  ap- 

tack  both  Root  and  Leaves  at  the  pear  to  Sight  are  cleared  off,  they 

fame  time ;  and,  if  they  are  not  foon  will  foon  be  fucceeded  by  a  frefii 

deflroyed,  will  fpread  over  a  whole  Supply  from  below ;  and  the  Roots 

Stove  in  a  (hort  time ;  and  in  a  few  will  be  alfo  equally  infefled  at  the 

Weeks  will  intircly  flop  the  Growth  fame  time.     Therefore,  where-cver 

of  the  Plants,  by  fucking  out  the  nu-  thefe  Jnfc£ls  appear  on  the  Plants,  the 

tritious  Juice,   fo  that  the  Leaves  fafeft  Method  will  be,  to  take  the 

will  appear  yellow  and  fickly,  and  Plants  out  of  the  Pots,  and  clear  the 

have  generally  a  great  Number  of  Earth  from  the  Roots ;  then  prepare 

yellow  tranfparent  Spots   all  over  a  large  Tub,-  which  (hould  be  filled 

them.   Thefe  Infeds,  after  (hey  are  with  Water,  in  which  there  has  been 

fully  grown,  appear  like  Bugs ;  and  a  flrong  Infufion  of  Tobacco-ftalks  \ 

adhere  fo  clofely  to  the  Leaves,  as  into  this  Tub  you  fhould  put  the 

not  to  be  eafily  wafhed  off,  and  feem  Plants,    placing  fome  Sticks  crofs 

as  if  they  had  no  Life  in  them.  They  the  Tub,   to  keep  the  Plants   iro- 

were  oiiginally  brought  from  Amt-  merfed  in  the  Water.. In  this  Water 

rita  upon  the  Plants  which  were  im-  they    (hould     remain     twenty-four 

ported  from  thence,  aud  I  bdie\'c  Hours  ;   then  take  them  out^  and 

wicii 

I 


r 


.  A  N 

Irith  a  Sponge  wafh  off  all  the  In- 
(efts  from  the  Leaves  and  Roots, 
which  may  be  eafily  effedcd  whfii 
the  Infeds  are  killed  by  the  Infa- 
fion ;  then  cut  off  all  the  fmall  Fi- 
bres of  the  Roots,  and  dip  the  Plants 
into  a  Tob  of  fair  Water,  waihing 
them  therein,  which  is  the  moUt  ef- 
iefinal  Way  to  clear  them  from  the 
lafcds.    Then  you  (hould  pot  them 
in  fre(h  Earth,  and  having  flirred 
up  the  Bark-bed,  and  added  fome 
new  Tan  to  give  a  frefh  Heat  to  the 
Bedy   the  Pots  ihould  be  plunged 
again,  obferving  to  water  them  all 
over  the  Leaves  (as  was  before  di- 
leded);    and  this  ihould  be   fre- 
qoently  repeated  during  the  Sum- 
mer-feafon  ;  for  I  obferve  thefe  In- 
ttOs  always   multiply  much  fafter 
where  the  Plants  are  kept  dry,  than 
in  fnch  Places  where  the  Plants  are 
duly  watered,  and  kept  in  a  grow- 
ing State.    And  the  fame  is  alio  ob- 
icrved  is  America  ;  for  it  is  in  long 
Droughts  that  the  infers  make  fuch 
Dtftrudion  of  the  Sugar-canes.  And 
in  thofe  lilands  where  they  have  had 
feveral  very  dry  Seafons  of  late,  tbey 
have  increafed  to  fuch  a  Degree,  as 
to  dcftroy  the  greateft  Part  of  the 
Canes  in  the  I flands,  rendering  th^m 
not  only  anfit  for  Sugar,  but  fo  poi- 
fott  the  Juice  of  the  Plant,  as  to  dif- 
qoalify  it  for  making  Rum  ;  fb  that 
many  Planters  have  been  ruined  by 
thefe  Infeds. 

As  thefe  Infers  are  frequently 
brought  over  from  America  on  the 
Ananas  Plants,  which  come  from 
thence ;  thofe  Perfons  who  procure 
tbcir  Plants  from  thence,  fhould  look 
carefully  over  them  when  they  re- 
ceive them,*  to  fee  they  have  none 
of  thefe  Infers  on  them  ;  for  if  they 
have,  they  will  foon  be  propagated 
over  all  the  Plants  in  the  Scove  where 
ikey  are  placed :  therefore,  when- 


A  N 

ever  they  are  obfenred,  the  Pkntl 
ihould  be  foaked  (as  was  before  di* 
reded]  before  they  are  planted  into 
Pots. 

It  was  formerly  the  common  Pra- 
ilice  of  moil  Perfons,  who  cultiva- 
ted this  Fruit  in  Europe^  to  build  dry 
Stoves,  in  which  they  placed  their 
Plants  in  Winter,  putting  the  Pots 
on  Scaffolds  (after  the  manner  in 
which  Orange  trees  are  placed  in  a 
Grecn-houfe),  and  in  the  Summer 
to  keep  them  in  Hot-beds  of  Tan- 
ners Bark  under  Frames  :  but  this 
is  found,  by  fate  Experience,  s^  bad 
Method ;  for  the  GlaiTea  lying  fo 
near  over  the  Plants^  there  is  not  a 
fuificient  Quantity  of  Air  in  the  Bed 
to  nottrifh  the  Fruit,  and  give  it  that 
vinous  Flavour  with  which  good 
Fruit  always  abounds;  and  when 
thefe  GlaiTes  ye  clofel/  fhut  dov^u 
in  the  Night,  the  Vapours  which 
arife  from  the  Fermentation  of  the 
Tan,  and  the  Perfpiratfon  of  the 
Plants,,  ar^  clofely  pent  in,  and  be- 
ing condenfed  agamft  the  piaffes^ 
fell  in  Water  on  the  Plants. 

Therefore,  to  remedy  this  Incon- 
venience, it  is  now  the  Praftice  of 
thofe  Perfons  who  are  deiiroua  to 
propagate  this  Fruit,  to  ered  low 
Stoves,  with  Pits  therein  for  the 
Hot-bed,  in  the  manner  hereafter 
defcribed  and  figured :  thefe  are  built 
in  different  ways,  according  to  the 
Fancy  of  the  Contriver.  Some  Per- 
fons  buiki  them  with  upright  Glaffes 
in  Front,  about  four  Feet  high,  and 
iloping  Glaffes  over  thcie,  which  rife 
about  fix  Feet  high,  fo  that  there  is 
jaft  Height  enough  for  Perfons  to 
walk  upright  on  the  Back  fide  of 
the  Bark-bcd.  Others  make  but  one 
Slope  of  Glaffes,  from' the  Top  of 
the  Stove,  down  to  the  Plate,  which 
lies  fix  or  eight  Inches  above  the 
Bark-pit,  in  the  Front  of  the  Stove  ; 
J^4  (a 


! 


A  N 

fo  that  in  this  Stove  there  is  no  Walk 
made  in  the  Front  between  the  Bark- 
pit and  the  GlafTes ;  but  the  Licon- 
veniency  of  watering  the  Plants,  as 
alfo  of  coming  near  thofe  Plants 
vrhich  are  placed  in  the  Front  of 
the  Stove  to  clean  them,  has,  in  fome 
sneafure,  brought  them  into  Dif- 
edeera,  fo  that  few  Perfons  do  now 
build  them,  thonsh  the  Expence  is 
much  lefs  than  of  the  other  Kind  of 
Stoves  i  but  of  both  thefe  Stoves  the 
Figures  and  Defcriptions  which  are 
hereafter  exhibited,  will  be  fufHcient 
for  any  Perfon  to  build  either  of  the 
Sorts. 

One  of  thefe  Stoves  about  the 
Length  of  2$  Feet  in  the  clear, 
with  the  Pit  for  the  Tan  reaching 
from  End  to  End,  and  fkx  Peer  and 
an  half  wide,  will  contain  about  an 
hundred  Plants ;  fo  that  whoever  is 
defirous  to  have  this  Fruit,  may  eafily 
proportion  their  Stove  to  the  Quan- 
tity of  Fruit  which  ihey  are  willing 
to  have. 

But  it  will  be  alfo  necefTary  to 
have  a  Bark-pit  under  a  deep  Frame, 
in  order  to  raife  the  young  Plants  § 
for  in  this  Bed  you  ihouid  plunge 
the  Suckers,  ^hen  they  are  taken 
from  the  old  Plants,  as  alfo  the 
Crowns  which  come  from  the  Fruit ; 
fo  that  this  Frame  will  be  as  a  Nur- 
fery  to  raife  the  young  Plants  to  fup- 
ply  the  Stove  :  but  thefe  Plants 
ihouid  not  remain  in  thefe  Frames 
longer  than  till  the  Beginning  of 
No*vemher^  unlefs  the  Frame  have 
Plues  in  it  to  warm  the  Air  (in  the 
manner  hereafter  defcribed  and  figu-' 
red),  which  are  very  ufeful,  as  Nur- 
feries,  to  keep  the  young  Plants  till 
ihey  are  of  a  proper  Size  to  pro- 
duce Fruit ;  fo  that  you  may  keep 
,  thefe  cooler  than  the  Stove ;  which 
may  be  every  Autumn  filled  only 
vidi  beating  Plants,whereby  a  much 


A  N 

greater  Quantity  of  Fruit  may  b^ 
annually  produced^than  can  be  where 
young  and  old  Plants  muft  be  croud* 
ed  into  the  fame  Stove :  but  where 
there  are  no  Conveniencies  of  this 
Kind,  the  young  Plants,  about  the 
Middle  or  Latrer-end  oi  O Sober ^ 
muft  be  removed  into  the  Stove,  and, 
being  fmall,  may  be  crouded  in 
amongll  the  Jarger  Plants :  for  iince 
they  will  not  grow  much  during  the 
Winter-feafon,  they  may  be  placed 
very  clofe  together.  The  Beginning 
6f  March  you  muft  remove  theie 
Pknts  out  into  the  Hot-bed  again, 
which  ihouid  be  prepared  a  Fort- 
night before,  that  the  Tan  may  have 
acquired  a  proper  Heat:  but  yea 
fhould  be  careful,  that  the  Tan  be 
not  toe  hot;  for  that  might  fcald 
the  Fibres  of  the  Plants,  if  they  are 
fuddenly  plunged  therein.  There- 
fore, if  v6n  find  the  Bark  too  hot» 
you  ihouid  not  plunge  the  Pots  above, 
two  or  three  Inches  into  the  Tan, 
letting  them  remain  fo  until  the 
Heat  of  the  Tan  is  a  little  abated, 
when  you  fhould  plunge  the  Pots- 
down  to  their  Rims  in  tne  Bed.  If 
the  Nights  ihouid  continue  cold  after 
thefe  Plants  are  removed  into  the 
Bed,  you  muft  carefully  cover  the 
GlaiTes  with  Mats  ;  otherwife,  by 
coming  out  of  a  warm  Stove,  they 
may  receive  a  fudden  Check,  which 
will  greatly  retard  their  Growth, 
which  mull  be  carefully  avoided ; 
becaufe  the  fooner  the  Plants  are  fet 
growing  in  the  Spring,  the  more 
time  they  will  have  to  gain  Strength, 
in  order  to  produce  largp  Fruit  the 
following  Seafon. 

You  fhould  not  plunge  the  Pots 
too  clofe  together  in  this  Frame ;  but 
allow  them  a  proper  Diftance,  that 
the  lower  Part  of  the  Plants  may  in- 
crcafe  in  Bulk  ;  for  it  is  on  this  chat 
the  Magnitude  of  the  Fruit  depends ; 

becaufe 


AN  AN 

beaak  wh^  the  Plants  are  fdaoed  of  tbe  Steres  4t  tkat  Seafcn  wiQ  t» 
too  dofe,  they  ciiaw  op  rery  tal],  ipncb  greater.  TheUfeoftheTher* 
hut  do  ]i<>t  o|)^in  Strength  ;  fo  that  xnometer  is  only  in  Winter,  daring 
when  they  are  taken  oat  of  the  Bed,  the  time  the  Fines  are  continued ; 
tile  Lcaires  are  not  able  to  fupppjrt  hy  which  it  is  eafy  to  j«dge  when  to 
thenfelTes ;  hut  all  the  outward  Jong  increafe  or  diminifli  the  Fires ;  for^ 
Leaves  will  fall  away,  leaving  the  at  that  Seafon,  the  Stoves  ihould  noe 
finalJer  middle  Leaves  naked ;  and  fate  kept  to  a  greater  Warmth  than 
this  fometimes  will  caufe  them  to  five  or  iix  Divxfions  aiiove  Ananas^ 
roe  in  the  Centre.  You  mod  alfo  norfu€ered  tobemorethanasmanjr 
obferve;  when  tbe  Son  is  very  warm,  Divifions  below  it  In  Winter  tht 
CD  raife  tbe  Glares  of  the  Hot-bed  Plants  muft  have  lefs  Water,  but  they 
with  Stones,  in  order  to  let  out  the  will  require  to  have  it  repeated  at 
Steam  of  the  Bed,  and  to  admit  freib  lead  twice  a  Week :  when  tiie  Plants 
Air ;  for  one  ^egleA  of  this  Kind,  are  placed  into  the  Tan  for  the  Win« 
m  a  rcry  hot  Day,  may  deflroy  all  ter-ieafon  (.which  fhould  be  done 
the  Plants,  or  at  leaft  fo  fqald  them,  about  the  Beginning  oiOaohir)^  the 
chat  they  will  not  get  over  it  in  maoy  Tan-bfd  (hould  be  renewed,  addine 
llofiChs.  It  will  be  alfo  very  pro-  two-thirds  of  new  Tan,  to  one-third 
per,  in  extreme  hot  Weather,  to  of  the  pld.  If  this  be  well  mix*d, 
ftade  the  Glaffes  in  the  Middle  of  and  the  new  Tan  is  good,  the  Bed 
the  Day  with  Mats ;  for  theGlaiTes,  will  maintain  a  proper  Degree  of 
l^ng  fo  near  to  the  Leaves  of  the  Warmth  till  February^  at  which  time 
Plants,  will  occafion  a  prodigious  U  will  be  proper  to  ftir  up  the  Bed^ 
Heat  at  fuch  times.  and  add  a  Load  or  two  of  new  Tan^ 

Daring  the  Summer-feafon,  thefe  ^o  as  to  raife  the  Bed  as  moch  as  it 
Plants  mail  be  frequently  watered  ;  ^4nk  fince  Autumn ;  this  will  giro 
a&d,  in  hot  Weather,  they  moflhave  a  frefh  Heat  to  the  Bed,  and  keq> 
free  Air  admitted  to  them  tv^ry  the  Plants  growing;  and,  as  tbe 
Dajr,  from  Ten  o'Clock  till  Four;  Fruit  will  now  begin  to  appear,  it 
for,  if  they  are  kept  too  clofe,  or  will  be  abfoiutely  necefiary  to  keep 
too  dry,  tliey  will  receive  a  Check  the  Plants  in  a  growing  State,  other- 
in  their  Growth,  when  the  Infeds  wife  the  Fruit  will  not  be  large ; 
will  immediately  fpread  over  them  ;  for  if  they  receive  any  Check  at  this 
for  there  are  generally  fome  of  thefe  time,  it  will  greatly  injure  them, 
lofeds  on  all  thefe  Plants,  which  do  In  ^^Hl  it  will  be  proper  to  /Hr 
Qot  much  Injury  to  the  Plants  while  up  the  Tan  again  r  and,  if  the  Bed. 
they  are  in  a  growing  State;  but  has  funk  fince  the  lafl  Stirring,  ic 
whenever  they  are  unhealthy, the  In-  Will  be.  proper  to  add  fome  irefli 
feSs  multiply  greatly,  and  contri-  Tan  to  it:  this  will  renew  the 
hote  to  their  Decay.  There  are  fome  Warmth  of  the  Bed,  and  forward 
Perions  who  regulate  the  Heat  of  the  Fruit.  At  this  time  it  will  be 
their  Stoves  by  Thermometers  in  proper  to  fliift  the  young  Plantv  . 
Sammer  ;^  but  at  that  Sea'bn  this  is  which  are  defigned  to  produce  Fruit 
waeceffir}' ;  for  the  outward  Air  in  the  following  Year:  the  Tan-bed 
hot  Weather  is  fr«»qnently  greater  into  which  thefe  are  plunged  muft 
tbn  the  Ananas  Heat  markM  on  be  renewed,  in  order  to  forward  the 
tk  Thermometers ;  fo  that  the  Heat    Plants,  that  they  may  have  Strength 

euough 


A  N 

Md  tht  ^olc  Plflnt  Ins  «n  ncid 
T«fle4  from  whence  it  received  the 
Mame  of  Sorrel-tree.  This  Plant 
is  propagated  by  Seed?,  which  nail 
fteobtadncd  from  Amfriemi  for  they 
are  iierer  perfeded  in  this  Country. 
lihdt  Seeds  ihonld  be  fown  as  foon 
as  poflibie  after  they  are  received^  in 
Pots  filled  with  firelh  Earth,  and 
placed  ander  a  Frame ;  where,  if 
they  are  plunged  into  an  old  fied  of 
Tan,  which  has  little  Heat,  it  will 
preierre  the  £arth  from  drying! 
and,  as  the  Weather  grows  warm, 
they  Ihoald  be  ihaded  in  the  Heat 
<rf  the  Day,  and  frequently  watered. 
With  this  Management  the  Plants 
will  fometimes  come  ap  the  iirft 
Year,  tho*  they  often  do  not  corn* 
vp  till  the  fecond  ;  therefore  if  they 
Ihouki  not  come  up  the  firfl',  the 
Pots  (hould  be  preferved  the  Winter 
following  under  a  Frame,  to  keep 
them  from  hard  Froft ;  and  the 
Spring  following,  if  they  are  placed 
#o  a  moderate  Hot-bed,  it  will  be 
a  fnre Method  to  bring  up  the  Plants. 
While  the  Plants  are  young,  they  are 
fliQch  more  tender  than  when  they 
get  Strength ;  therefore  it  will  be 
proper  to  (heiter  them  the  two  firft 
Winters  J  after  which  time  they  may 
be  planted  in  the  open  Air,  obferv- 
ing  to  give  them  a  warm  Situation. 

The  other  two  Sorts  grow  in  Fir- 
gfiiHf  Maryland,  and  Nrw-En^ianJ; 
from  which  Places  their  Seeds  may 
be  obtained.  Thefe  mud  be  treated 
in  the  fame  manner  as  is  diredied  for 
the  former  Sort ;  but  as  thefe  grow 
in  a  colder  Climate  than  that,  they 
will  not  require  to  have  a  warm' Si- 
tuation :  thefe  del'ght  in  a  moift 
Soil,  but  (hould  not  'have  too  much 
Wet  in  Winter. 

ANDROSACE.     We  have  no 
Englijh  Name  for  this  Plant. 
The  Characters  are ; 

7bt  fhnntrs  grow  in  an  Umbel  o» 


A  N 

the  Top  of  the  Stalky  end  are  inclofed 
in  a  larger  Involucriim ;  oaeh  Flower 
/landing  upon  a  Render  Tootfialk  :  the 
Flonjoer  confifis  of  one  Leaf  cut  at  the 
Top  into  Jive  Parts ^  baling  f^ejbar^ 
StamilSa,  nnhich [unround  the  Point al\ 
ixjbich  aftemuard  turns  to  a  Fruit  of 
mee  Cell,  filled  nvith  roundi/h  Seeds. 
The  Species  arc; 

1.  Androsacs  'vulgaris  latifoiis 
annua,  Injt.  R,  H.  Common  broad* 
leav'd  Androface. 

2.  Androsace  Alpina  pereunh 
angvfiifoliay  •villofa  &  multiflorm. 
Inft.  R.  H.  Hairy  narrow-leavM 
perennial  Androfalce  of  the  Jlfs^ 
with  many  Flowers. 

3.  Androsace  Jlfena  perennis 
angujiifolia  glabra^  fore  fingulari* 
Inft.  R.  //.  Smooth  narrow.1eav*d 
per^nn  ial  A  ndroface  of  the  Alps^  witb 
a  fingle  Flower. 

4.  Androsace  Orient »lis,  folih 
njalerianella  vndulatis  l^  crifpis.  Cor, 
Inft,  R.  H.  Eaftern  Androface,  with 
Corn -fall  ad- leaves,  which  are  curled 
and  waved. 

5.  Androsace  OrientaBs,  foliie 
coris,  fore  odoratijfmo.  Cor,  Inft, 
R.  H,  Eaftern  AnHroface,  with  a 
Corls-lcaf,  and  a  fweet  Flower. 

There  are  fomc  other  Species  of 
this  Genus,  which  have  been  dif- 
covered  in  the  Eaftern  Countries  of 
late  Years,  but  have  not  as  yet  been 
introduced  into  the  En^i'fty  Gardens. 
The  firft  is  the  only  Species  which 
has  been  common  in  England,  and 
is  found  growing  wild  near  Vienna 
in  the  Corn-fields,  from  whence  the 
Seeds  were  brought.  This  Plant 
greatly  refemhles  the  Auricula  in 
Leaf  and  Flower,  excepting  the  large 
Involuerum  or  Cover,  which  in- 
clofes  the  whole  Umbel.  As  thefe 
Plants  are  feldom  cultivated,  unlefs 
10  Botanic  Gardens,  I  fhall  not 
trouble  the  Reader  with  a  farther 
Defcriptlon. 

The 


A  N 

Tlie  Seeds  of  all  the  Sorts  fliouU 
be  ibwn,  fooii  after  thejr  are  ripe; 
otbetwiic  they  feldom  grow.  They 
£ower  nfinlly  the  B^inmng  of  Jfrf/, 
wad  thai  Seeds  are  npe  the  End  of 
JKoTi  which^  if  permitted  to  fcatcer, 
win  oome  m,  and  often  fuccecd 
belter  than  tkof^  whkh  are  fowrn* 
The  amoal  Sorts  periih  as  Toon  as 
the  Seeds  are  ripe ;  but  the  others 
will  live  in  an  open  Border  for  (e- 
fcral  Years,  and  require  no  other- 
Care,  but  to  keep  them  dean  ft-om 
Weeds. 

ANDROS^MUM,  Tut&n  or 
Park-leaves. 

We  have  but  one  Spedgs  of  this 
Plant;  ^mc        « 

AsD&os  AifUM  maximum  frmti- 
ftmt.  C.  B.  P.  2Z0.  Tatian  or 
Puk-leaves. 

This  Plant  grows  wild  in  ma|}y 
Pxits  of  England^  and  is  fe2dom:pre- 
ferred  in  Gardens:  it  delights  in 
ihady  Places,  growing,  for  the  moft 
part,  nnder  Hedges  or  Trees. 

ANEMONE,  Wind-flower. 
The  Cbara^Urs  are; 

b  bmib  a  fimpli  Stalky  which  it. 
farrmmdid  hj  u  Leaf:  ufon  the  Tpp 
tf  iht  Sialk  is  fniuui  m  nokid 
Flower^  nMjbicb  cnjtfis  ofmaay  P$ialf 
(tr  FUwir-UofUis)  ivith  mof^  Star 
■uaa  9rThreadi  in  thidmtre:  th$  Sadt 
areeoUe^ed  into  an  ehlong  Hiodg  nvhich 
art  Jkrrmtndtd  *witb  a  cofiont  Dawn, 

Thaz  are  a  gr^  Variety  of  thefe 
Flowers  preiierved  in  the  Gardens 
of  the  curioas  Floriib,  which  are 
Qunmonly  divided  into  two  ClaiTes; 
vfz.  the  broad  and  narrow-1eav*d 
Sorts:  un^jcr  ekch  of  thele  Divi£ons, 
dieie  are  a  great  Variety,  which 
differ  in  the  Shape,  Colour,  or  Size 
Hf  the  Flower.  To  mention  all  the 
pardcolar  Sorts  which  are  preierved 
in  our  Gardens  only,  would  be  tire- 
iboie  to  the  Reader,  and  of  little 
Mk:  I  Aall  therefore  proceed  to 


AN 

the  Coltim  of  t^epi;  atfd  Mi  of 

thq  Soil  proper  so  blow  dwm:togtca< 

Advantage. 

Takea Quantity  ci  b^mmfA 
Earth  (from  a  O>mnioo,  oc  ifiM» 
other  Pi^ftHTOrbuid)  that  is  of  a  lights 
fandy  Loain»  or  Im^i  Mould;  ST 


iecving  not  to  take  ir  above  sca: 
Inches  deep  belpw  the  Sur&ce;  aai- 
if  the  T^rf  be  taken  with  ii,.  ihrn- 
better  proyided  it  hath  time  toiafi 
thoroughly  before  it^  is  ufed :   mix 
this  with  a  third  Part  of  rotten  Cdw« 
dung,  and  lay  it  in  an  Heap,  keq»- 
ing  it  turned  over  at  leaft  oaeea 
Month  for  eight  or  ten  Months  the 
better  to  mix  it,  ^nd  rot  theDjtng 
and  Turf,  and  to  let  it  have  the/ 
Advant^s  of  the  free  Air:  in  do* 
ing  this  Work,  be  careful  to  rake 
out  all  great  Stones,  and  break  the- 
Clods  (but  I  would  by  no  means  ap*> 
prove  of  fi&ing  or  fcreening  the 
Earth,   which  I  have  found  ytry 
hurtful  to  many  Sorts  of  Roots) « 
for  when  Earth  is  made  y^y  £ae^ 
upon  the  iirft  great  Rains  of  Wior* 
ter  or  Spring,  the  fmall  Panidee 
thereof  join  dofely  together,  and 
form  one  iblid  Mafs,  fo  that  the. 
Roots  often  pcrifli  for  want  of  feme, 
fmall  Stones  to  keep  the  Fartides 
afunder,  and  make    way  for  the 
tender  Fibres  to  draw  Nourifhmeat 
for  the  Sqpport.of  the  Root. 

This  £arth  (hauU  be  mixed 
twelve  Months  before  it  is  ufiedy 
if  pofiible ;  but  if  you  are  con- 
ftiained  to  nfe  it  fooner,  you  moft 
turn  it  over  the  oftener,  to  mellow 
and  break  the  Clods »  and  obferve 
to  take  out  all  the  Parts  of  the 
Green-fward,  that  are  not  quite  rot- 
ten, before  you  ufe  it,  which  would 
be  prejudicial  to  your  Roots,  if 
fttffered  to  remain.  The  Bqginning 
of  Stfitmhtr  is  a  proper  Seaibo  to 
prepare  the  Beds  for  Planting;  which* 
if  in  a  wet  Soil,^  ihould  be  raifed 


A  N 

With  dui  Sort  of  Earth  fix  or  eight 
Tnches  above  the  Surfi^e  of  the 
Ground^  laying  at  the  Bottom  fome 
•f  the  Rakings  of  your  Heap  to 
drain  off  the  Motilure;  but  in  a 
dry  Soil,  three  Inches^  above  the 
Siufaoe  will  be  fufHcient :  this  Soil 
ihoold  be  laid  at  leaft  two  Feet  and 
aft  ha*f  thicky  and  in  the  Bottom 
diere  (hoald  be  about  four  or  five 
£iches  of  rotten  Neati  dang,  or  the 
jQDtten  Dung  of  an  old  Melon  or 
Cucnmber  bed,  fo  that  you  mud 
take  out  the  former  Soil  of  the  Beds 
to  make  room  for  it. 

And  obferve,  in  prepariog  your 
Beds,  to  lay  them»  if  in  a  wet  Soil, 
pretty  round,  to  (hoot  off  the  Wa- 
fer; but  in  a  dry  one,  let  it  be 
nearer  to  a  Level ;  for  in  wet  Land, 
where  the  Beds  are  raifed  above  the 
Surface,  it  will  be  proper  to  fill  up 
the  Paths  between  there  in  Wincer, 
either  with  rotten  Tan,  or  Dung, 
to  prevent  the  Froft  from  penetrat- 
ing into  the  Sides  of  the  Beds,  which 
often  deftroys  their  Roots.  Your 
Earth  fhould  be  laid  in  the  Beds  at 
leaft  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks 
bc^e  you  plant  the  Roots,  that  it 
may  fettle;*  and  when  you  plant 
them,  ftir  the  Upper-part  or  the 
Soil  about  fix  Inches  deep,  with  a 
Spade. r  then  rake  it  -even  and 
imooth,  and  with  a  Stick  draw 
Lines'  each  Way  of  your  Bed  at  {ix 
laches  Diftance,  fo  that  the  Whole 
may  be  in  Squares,  that  your  Roots 
may  be  planted  regularly :  then 
with  your  three  Fingers  make  an 
Hole  in  the  Centre  of  each  Square, 
about  three  Inches  deep,  laying 
therein  a  Root  with  the  Eye  upper- 
moft ;  and  when  you  have  fini(hed 
your  Bed,  with  the  Head  of  a  Rake 
draw  the  Earth  fmooth,  fo  as  to 
cover  the  Crown  of  the  Roots  about 
two  Inches  thick. 


A  N 

The  beft  Seafon  for  planting  theft 
Roots,   if  for  forward  Flowers^    h 
about  the  Latter-end  of  Sepiemher  ; 
and  for  thofe  of  a  middle  SeaioD, 
any  time  in  OSobgr ;  but  obferve  to 
perform  this  Work,  if  poffible,  mt 
or  near   the  time  of  fome  gentle 
Showers ;    for  if  you  ihould  plant 
them  when  the  Ground  is  perfedUy 
dry,  and  there  fhould  no  Rain  fall 
for  three  Weeks  or  a  Month  after, 
the  Root^  will  be  very  apt  to  grow 
mouldy  upon  the  Crown ;  and  if  they 
once  get  this  Diftemper,   they  iel* 
dom  -come  to  good  after. 

You  may  alfo  referve  fome  of 
your  Anemone  Roots^iH  after  Chrift^ 
maSf  before  you  plant  them,  left 
by  the  Severity  of  the  Winter  yonr 
early  planted  Roots  ihoidd  be  de- 
ftroyed,  which  does  fometimes  hap- 
pen in  very  hard  Winters,  and,  m 
Places  where  they  are  not  covered^ 
or  taken  care  of:  thefe  Roots  will 
flower  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks 
after  tho(e  which  are  planted  in  An- 
tumn,  -and  many  times  blow  equally 
as  fair,  efpecially  if  it  prove  a  moift 
Spring,  or  that  Care  be  taken  to  re« 
frefli  them  with  Water. 

But  then  the  Increafe  of  thefe 
Roots  will  not  be  near  fo  great  as 
thofe  of  your  firft  planting,  provided 
they  were  not  hurt  in  Winter;  and 
it  is  for  this  Reafon  all  thofe  who 
make  Sale  of  theie  Roots,  are  for- 
ward in  planting  :  for  altho*  it  may 
happen,  by  Iharp-pinching  Frofts  in 
the  Spring,  that  their  Flowers  kre 
not  fo  double  and  hxr  as  thofe 
planted  a  little  later;  yet  if  they 
can  preferve  the  green  Leaves  of  the 
Plants  from  being  deftroyed,  the 
Roots  will  greatly  increafe  in  Bulk  ; 
but  in  fach  Gardens  where  thefe 
Flowo-s  are  preferved  with  Care> 
there  is  always  Provifion  made  td 
cover  them  from  the  Injurici  of 

th« 


a:  n.  a  n 

tbe  Wcai^ben  by  «rdbbg  tke  8ed«  remain  long  after  an  tbe  GatonS, 

over  with  Hoops»  or  feme  fuok.  tiring^  and*  tfa«Fe  &uld  fafi  ft>me  Shewos 

Mad  covering  them  with  Garden-  of  Rain«  they  will  foon.  pnt-fordK 

macs  or  doths,  in  irofty  Nights,  and-  fre(h  Pihres,  and  make  new  Shoocs; 

had  Wetthei,  especially  in  the  Spring  when  k  wontd  be  too  late  to  ¥emo««f 

of  the  Year,  when  their  Badi  begin  chetoi :  at  the  tiaie  when  yotf4aU 

to  appdv  ;    for '•therwife/ifyou*  ttpthe  RoOGr^is  the  proper  Seafos 

plant  the  beft  and  m<^(t  dpiible  Flow-  f»r  breaking  or  parting  them,  whtdk 

era,  the  black  Frofts  and  cutting  may  be  done  hy Separating  thnfethat 

Winds  in  March  will  caoie  ttiem  to  yoa  would  chooCe  to  make  aS  poffi- 

blow  fingle,  by  deftroying tbeThmm  ble  Increafcfrom,  into  as  many  Paats 

that  is  in  ihcJMiddle  of  the  Flower;'  as  you  can  conveniently,  prondei 

and  this,   many  times,  hath  o<^-  each  one  of  them  have  a  good  £yc 

fiooed   Heople  to  think  they  were  o^8ud$  bet  thofe  you  intend  to  *b1ow 

cheated  in  the  Furchafis  of  their  ftrong,  (hpuld  by  no  means  bepaif«' 

Roots,  when  it  was  wholly  owing  edtoofmaSl,  which  greatly  weak*, 

to  thdr  Negled  of  covering  them.  ens  their  Flowering. 

la  the  Beginning  of  jlprti  yoar  The  principal  Oof  ours  in  Anemo-^ 

firft-plaaced   Roots   will  ^  begin    to  niesare.  White,  Red,  Blue,  and  Pm**' 

flower,  wiuch  will  continue  for  three  -  pie ;  and  theie,  iii  fome  of  them,  are 

Weeks,  or  more,  according  to  t*he"  ca^ioufly  inttnmixed  ;  but  the  moft 

Heat  of  the  Weather,  or  Manage--  pr^vailine  Colours amongft  our  f*^ 

neat  in  covering  them^  during  the  /^- rai fed  Anem^nies.^re  White  anA' 

Heat  of  the  Day,    with  Mats  or  Red  ?  bort  of  late  we  have  received 

Ckiths{  then  the  fecand-phinted  Sorts  from  Frana  great  Varieties  pf  BFuei 

vill  come  to  fucceed  thm,  and  theie  and  Purples,   which  Urc  exceeding  ' 

will  be  followed  by  thofe  plained  iti'  fine  Flowers  ^-  we  Ihould  therefore 

tbe  Spring;  fo  that  you  may  ttave  ohferve)  inpknting  the  Roots,  to 

tbcfe  Beauties  condimed'  for-  near  dillribute  the  dilFerent  Colours,  fo  as 

two  Months  together,  or  ibnletim'e%  to  make  an  agreeable  Mixture  of 

longer,  i£  the  Seafon  prove  favour-  each*  in*  every  Bed,  whith  will' great- 
able.                                            '    '   '  ly  add  «>  their  Beauty.  -   * 

Towards  the  Middle  or  Latter-  -But  finceall  the  fin^  Varidties  pf  ; 

ead  of  J/tf/, .  thC'LeavesofyoU'r'  thefe  Fkn^rs  were    firft  obtaitied 

inft-blown   Roots  will-  decay  ;    at^  from  Seeds,-  no  good  Florift,  that 

which  time  you  muft  take  them  oat  hath  Gah!en-Toom,lhonld^  negle^  to 

oftheGroand^  clearing  them  frem-  foiu  their  Seeds*;  in  orcler  to  which, 

dccaved  Stalks,  and  walhing.thenf>  we  flioold  prOvideoaVfelves  witha 

to  take  the  Earth  clean  from  th^  Quamity^f  good  fmgle  (or  Poppy) 

Roots;  then  fpread  them  on  a  Mat  Anemofiies,  as- they  are  catled,  of 

in  a  dry  ihady  Place,  till  they  are  the  beil- Colours,  and  fuch  ar.have 

pcriedly  dried,  when  you  may  put  Arong  Stems,    large  Flow^,   and 

thm  np  in  Bags,  and  hang  them  out  other  good  Properties  :  thefe  ihould  ' 

of  the  Reach  of  Mice,  or  other  Ver-  be  planted  early,  that  they  may  have 

min,  which  will  deihoy  many  of  the  Strength  to  produce  good  Seeds^ 

Roots,  if  they  can  come  at  them.  which  will  be  ripe  in  three  Week) 

Obferve  alfo  to  take  up  the  latter-  or  a  Month^s  time,  after  riie  FTow- 
plaated  Roots  as  foon  as  their  Leaves  ers  are  paft ;  when  you  muft  care- 
toy;  for  if  ibey  are  fuffered  to  fully  gather  it,  otherwife  it  will  be 

blown 


AN  AN. 

blown  away  ia  a  iboit  time,  it  be-  Jtterit  bith  mft  bccnurfaoting^  other- 

ing  indofed  in  a  dowoy  Subflance :  wife   tbey.  maay   times  remain  m 

jioa  moil  prderve  (hii  Seed  till  the  whole  Year  in  the  Groond.     Tbm 

Beginning  of  .<^!i;^,  when  yoa  ma/  &r&  Winter  after  their  appearing 

citherfowitinPots^Tubt^oraweli*  above-ground,  they  are  fubjed  ta 

prepared  Bed  of  light  Earth :  in  the  l&iuries  from  hard  Frofts,   or  too 

doing  of  it  yoa  muft  be  careful  not  much  Wet,  againfl  both:  of  ^ch 

to  let  your  Seeds  be  in  Heapi  j  to  you  muft  equally  defend  t&em  ;  for 

avoid  which  is  a  thine  little  under-  the  Froft  is  very  apt  to  loofen  tbe^ 

fiood,  and  is  what  I  have  been  in-  Earth,  fo  that  die  young  PbmtB  ara 

formed  of  by  Mr.  ObaMah  Lonvg,  often  turned  out  of  the  Ground,  t£- 

Gardener  at  Baturfm^  who  hath,  ter  which  a  fraall  Froft.  will  deftroy 

for  feveral  Years,  raifed  large  Quan-  them ;  and  too  much  Wet  often  rocs  • 

cities  of  thefe  Flowers  from  Seeds :  their  tender  Roots,  fo  that  all  yoor 

bis  Manper  is  thus :  former  Trouble  may  be  loH  in  a 

After  having  levelled  his  Bed  of  ihort  time  for  want  of  Care  in  cbis 

Earth,  in  which  he  intends  to  fow  Particular ;  nor  do  I  knlow^  of  any' 

bjs  Seeds,  he  rubs  the  Seeds  well  be-  thing -more  deftrudUve  to  thefe  ten- 

Cween  his  Hands,  with  a  little  dry  der  Plants,  thiui  the  cold  black  Fcofts 

Sand,  in  order  to  make  them  fepa-  and  Winds  of  February  and  Martb^ . 

rate  the  better;  then  he  fows  them  from  which  you  muft  be  carefiil  to 

as  regularly  as  poilible  over  the  Bed ;  defend  them,  by  placing  a  low.Roed- 

but  as  thefe  Seeds  will  lUIl  adhere  fence  on  the  Noith  and  Eaft  Saie» 

clofely  together,  he  takes  a  ftrong  of  the  Bed,  which  may  be  move- 

Hair-bruih,  and  gently  fweeps  over  able,    and  only  fattened  to  a  few 

the  whole  Bed,    obferving  not  to  Stakes  to  fupport  it  for  the  prefent, 

bruih  ofr  the  Seeds.  This  Bruih  will  and  may  be  taken  quite  aWa/  as  the 

fo  feparate  the  Seeds,  if  carefully  Seafon  advances,  or  removed  to  the 

managed,  as  not  to  leave  any  intire  South  and  Weft  Sides  of  the  Bed,  to 

Lumps  ;  then  gently  lift  fome  light  fcreen  it  from  the  Violence  of  the 

£arth,  about  a  Quarter  of  an  Inch  Sua,  which  often  impairs  thefe  ten* 

thick,  over  the  Seeds ;   and,  if  it  der  Plants. 

ihould  prove  hot  dry  Weather,  it  As  the  Spring  advances,  if  the 

will  be  advifeable  to  lay  fome  Mats  Weather  ihould  prove  dry,  you  muft 

hollow  upon  the  Bed  in  the  Heat  of  gently  refreih    them  with  Water, 

,  the  Bavy   and  now-and-then  give  which  will  greatly  ftrengthen  your 

them  a  little  Water;   but  this  muft  Roots ;  and  when  the  green  Leaves 

be  given  gently,  left  by>haftily  Wa-  are  decayed,  if  your  Roots  are  noc 

teiring  you  wafh  the  Seeds  out  of  the  •  too  thick  to  remain  in  the  fame  Bed 

Ground  ;  but  be  fure  to  uncover  the  another  Year,  you  muft  clear  off  all 

Bed  at  all  times  when  there  are  gen-  the  Weeds,  and  decayed  Leaves,  from 

tie  Showers,  and  eyery  Night ;  and  the  Bed,  and  ftft  a  little  more  of  the 

as  the  Heat  of  the  Weather  decreafes,  fame  prepared  good  Earth,  about  a 

yoa  mav  begin  to  uncover  your  Bed  Quarter  of  an  Inch  thick  over  the 

in  the  l3ay-time.  Surface ;  and  obferve  to  Iceep  them 

In  about  two  Months  after  fow-  dear  from  Weeds  during  the  Sum* 

'  f>>8»  youf  Plants  will  begin  toap-  mer-feafon,  and  at  Mcbaeimas  re* 

pear,  if  the  Seafon  has  proved  fa-  peat  the  fame  Earthing ;  and  if  your 

vouxable^  qr  your  Care  in  Manage-  Roots  fuccced  well,  many  of  them 

will 


A  N 

vB!  flower  die  feccm<i  Year,  when 
JOQ  may  feleft  all  fuch  as  you  like, 
hy  marking  them  with  a  Stick ;  but 
I  woukl  not  have  you  deftroy  any  of 
tkm  until  after  the  third  Year, when 
you  have  feen  them  blow  ftrong,  at 
which  time  you  will  be  capable  to 
judge  of  their  Goodnefs. 

But  if  your  Roots  are  too  thick  in 
the  Seed-bed  to  remain,  you  mull, 
as  bon  as  their  gieen  Leaves  are  de* 
cayed,  Bh  the  Earth  of  your  Bed 
throng^  a  very  fine  Sieve,  in  order 
to  get  out  the  Roots,  which  can  be 
BO  otiterwife  found,  as  being  fmalt, 
and  fo  nearly  the  Colour  of 'the 
Ground ;  but  in  doing  this,  obferve 
not  to  difturb  the  Ground  too  deep, 
ib  as  to  endanger  the-  burying  any 
of  die  Roots  ;  for,  notwithllanding 
all  your  Care,  many  finall  Roots 
will  be  left  behind ;  therefore,  as  foon 
as  yon  have  fifted  your  whole  Bed, 
and  taken  ont  all  the  Roots  you  can 
ind,  you  mnft  level  the  Earth  of 
your  Bed  again,  and  let  it  remain 
nil  next  Year,  when  you  will  find  a 
plentiful  Crop  of  Roots  come  up 
agan  :  the  young  Roots  which  you 
t^  up  muft  be  dried,  as  was  dired- 
edfor  the  old  ones;  but  fiiould  be 
planted  again  three  Weeks  before 
them,  that  they  may  increafe  in 
Strength,  fo  as  to  flower  ftrongly  the 
ibcceeding  Year. 

The  fingle  (or  Poppy)  Anemonies 
will  flower  moft  Part  of  the  Winter 
and  Spring,  when  the  Seafons  are  fa« 
VDorable,  if  they  are  planted  in  a 
warm  Sitnadon ;  at  which  time  they 
BU^e  a  fine  Appearance;  therefore 
deferve  a  Place  in  c^ery  Flower- 
garden,  efpecially  as  they  require 
fitde  Coknrc ;  for  if  thefe  Roots  are 
taken  up  every  third  Year,  it  will 
be  often  enough ;  aud  when  they  are 
taken  up,  they  ihould  be  planted 
again  very  early  in  the  Autumn, 
otherwife  they  will  not  flower  till 

Vol.  I. 


A   N 

the  Spring.  There  are  fome  fine  Mae 
Colours  amongd  thefe  fingle  Ane- 
monies, which,  with  the  Scarlets  and 
Reds,  make  a  beautiful  Mixture  of 
Colours :  and  as  thefe  begin  flower* 
ing  in  January  or  February^  when 
the  Weather  is  cold,  they  will  con- 
dnue  a  long  time  in  Beauty,  provi- 
ded the  Froft  is  not  too  i^ytre.  The 
Seeds  of  thefe  are  ripe  by  the  End 
oi  Aprils  or  the  Beginning  of  May^ 
and  mufl  be  gathered  daily  as  ic 
ripens,  otherwife  it  will  foon  be 
blown  away  by  the  Winds. 

ANEMONOIDES,  Wood-anc- 
mony,  'uulgo. 

The  Cbara&ers  arc ; 

The  Root  u  perennial,  and  for  tbi 
moft  part  grumofe  and  creeping:  the 
Leanfes  are  finely  cut ;  three  of<wbich^ 
for  the  moft  part^furround  the  Stalk: 
it  hath  a  fingle  Flower  upon  each 
Stalky  nvhich  eonfifts  of  many  Leaves^ 
and  are  expanded  in  form  of  an  Ane^ 
mone,  having  many  Stamina ^r  Threadr 
in  the  Middle :  the  Seeds,  are  colleSed 
into  an  oblong  Head,  and  are  in  Shape 
like  thofe  of  the  Ranunculus,  having 
no  Dovjn  adhering  to  them* 
The  Species  arc ; 

1 .  A  N  E  MON  o  IDES  jf ore  alto*  Boerh. 
Ind,  «Wood-anemone  with  white 
Flowers'. 

2.  Anbmonoides  flore  ex  pterptt- 
ra  ruhente.  Bderh.  Ind,  Wood-ane* 
mone  with  purpli(h-red  Flowers. 

3.  ANBMdNoiDEs  flore  majore  in* 
tenfiore  cceruleo,  Boerh.  Ind.  Wood- 
anemone  with  large  deep  blue  Flow- 
ers. 

4.  Anbmonoides  fore  albopleno, 
Boerh.  Ind.  Wood- anemone  with 
double  white  Flowers. 

5.  AriEuovoiDEsfiore  plena  pur* 
pureo,  Boerh,  Ind.  Wood-anemone 
with  double  purple  Flowers. 

*  6.  Anemonoides  fiore  pleno  ece^ 
ruleo  majore.  Wood-anemone  with 
large  double  blue  Tlowcrs. 

G  The 


A  N 

The  firft  of  thcfe  Plants  is'  found 
wild  in-  the  Woods  in  moft  Parts  of 
England  I  the  other  Varieties  I  have 
gathered  in  great  Plenty,  in  the  Wil- 
dernefTes  belonging  to  the  Gardens 
at  IVimbleton  in  Surry^  which  were, 
probably,  at  firft  taken  from  fome 
Woods  in  England:  in  this  Place 
they  increafe  fo  faft,  that  the  Surface 
of  the  Ground  is  covered  with  them 
in  the  Spring;  and  it  is  more  re- 
markable, that  there  the  large  blue 
and  double  Sorts  are  the  moft  com- 
mon :  thefe  Plants  are  very  pretty 
Ornaments  to  .Wiidernefs-quarters, 
or  ihady  Walks,  in  the  Spring  of  the 
Year,  continuing  a  long  time  in 
Flower ;  and,  by  their  agreeable  wild 
Appearance,  have  a  very  pleafmg 
Eftca  to  the  Eye. 

The  bell  Seafon  for  tranfplanting 
thcfe  Flowers  is  in  Junt^  when  the 
Leaves  are  decaying ;  for  if  they  are 
fuffered  to  remain  until  the  Leaves 
are  quite  gone,  it  will  be  very  diffi- 
cult to  find  their  Roots,  which  are 
nearly  the  Colour  of  the  Earth  :  if 
thefe  Roots  are  permitted  to  remain 
in  a  Garden  undifturbed,  they  will 
multiply  exceedingly,  and  produce 
great  Quantities  of  Flowers  ;  but  if 
they  are  often  removed,  it  will  de* 
flroy  them;  therefore  they  fhould  be 
planted  in  fuch  ihady  Parts  of  Wil- 
derneifes  as  are  feldom  digged. 

ANEMONOSPERMOS.  Vide 
Ar£totis. 

ANETHUM,  Dill. 
The  Chara3ers  arc ; 

//  bath  a  Jltnder  fihroft  annual 
Root :  the  Leaves  an  like  tho/e  of  Fen- 
nel :  the  Seeds  are  o^val^  flain/jireak' 
edy  and  bordered. 

The  ^ecies  are ; 

i.AwiTHUM  bortenfe, C.B  Com- 
mon or  Garden-dill. 

2.  Anethum  *uerum  Pernamhu' 
cen/e.  Zan.  The  true  Dill  of  Per* 
jtamlycq. 


A  N 

3 .  Anethum  fegetum,  femine  mf'-r 
nori,  Virid,  Lujit,  Corn-dill  with* 
lefFer  Seeds. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  is  that 
which  is  cultivated  for  Ufe ;  the  other 
two  are  Varieties, which  are  prcfcnr- 
ed  as  Curiofides  in  Botanic  Gar- 
dens. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Seeds,  which  ihouid  be 
done  in  Autuom,  foon  after  they  arc 
ripe ;  for  if  they  are  kept  out  of  the 
Ground  till  Spring,  they  fFequemiy 
milcarry  ;  or  if  any  of  the  Plants  da 
come  up,  they  often  decay  before 
they    have    perfedled    their  Seeds. 
They  love  a  light  Soil,  and  will  not 
bear  to  be  tranl'planted,  but  muft  be 
fown  where  they  are  to  remain ;  and 
muft  be  allowed  eight  or  tea  Inches 
room  to  grow,  otherwife  they  will 
draw  up  very  weak,  and  not  pro^ 
duce  any  lateral  Branches  ;  whereby 
their  Leaves  will  decay,  and  be  ren- 
dered ufelefs  i  nor  will  they  produce 
fo  good  Seeds :  therefore  the  better 
way  is,  when  the  Plants  are  come 
up^  to*  hoe  them  oat,  a»  is  practifed- 
for  Onions,  Carrots,  ^e,  leaving  the 
Plants  above  eight  or  ten  Inches  afun- 
der  every  Way,  obferving  to  keep- 
keep  them  clear  from  Weeds ;  and 
when  the  Seeds  begin  to  be  formed^ 
you  fhould  cut  up  thofe  that  are  in- 
tended to  be  put  into  the  Pickle  for 
Cucumbert,  leaving  thofe  that  are 
intended  for  the  ^(e  of  the  Seeds, 
until  they  are  ripe  ;  at  which  time 
it  fhould  be  cut,  and  fprcad  upon  a 
Cloth  to  dry,  and  then  beat  out  for 
Ufe :  and  if  you  let  the  Seeds  fall 
upon  the  Ground,   they  will  arife 
the  next  Spring  without  any  Care, 
(b  that  the  Trouble  of  fowing  their 
Seeds  may  be  fpared. 

ANGELICA. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  is  difiinguifl>ed  from  the  other 
mmbelliferous  Plants  by  its  angular 

Frnit^ 


A  N 

Pnnf^  ahoayj  bawng  tbret  Tmrvtut  \ 
mmdthe  fUnutr  is  efualmjith  ituur^oid 
Ptids, 

The  species  are ; 

1 .  Amge  Lie  a  fati*va.  C.  B,  Com- 
mon or  nanurcd  Angdica. 

2.  Angelica  Jj/'veftrh    major, 
C  B.    Greater  wild  Angelica. 

3.  Angrlica  Jucida  CanaJenfit, 
Comut.  Shining  Canmta  Angelica. 

4.  Angelica  Montana  perennis^ 
mfuUgia  folio,    Tomm,    Mountain 

Angelica,  with  Columbine- 


There  are  feveral  other  Snecies  of 
this  Plant,  which  are  preferved  in 
the  curioiu  Botanic  Gardens ;  but  as 
diere  are  at  prefent  no  particular 
Ufes  to  which  thefe  are  applied,  it 
woold  be  Deedlefs  to  enumerate  them 
ime. 

The  common  Angelica  delights  to 
grow  in  a  very  moiit  Soil :  the  Seeds 
of  this  Plant  ihould  be  Town  foon 
after  it  is  ripe ;  for  if  it  is  kept  unr 
til  the  Spring,  feldom  one  Seed  in 
forty  will  grow.  When  the  Plants 
are  come  op  about  fix  Inches  high, 
they  (hoold  be  tranfplanted  at  a  large 
Diftance;  for  their  Leaves  extend 
very  wide :  the  beft  Place  for  this 
Plant  is  upon  the  Sides  of  Ditches, 
or  Pools  of  Water,  where  being 
planted  about  two  Feet  afunder,  they 
wiU  thrive  exceedingly.  The  fecond 
Year  after  fowing,  they  will  fhooc 
up  to  flower :  therefore,  if  you  have 
a  mind  to  continue  their  Roots,  you 
ihottld  cut  down  thefe  Stems  in  May, 
which  will  occafion  their  putting  out 
Heads  from  the  Sides  of  the  Roots, 
whereby  they  may  be  continued  for 
three  or  four  Years  ^  whpeas  if  they 
had  been  permitted  to  feed,  their 
Itoota  would  periih  foon  after. 

The  Gardeners  near  Londan  pro- 
pagate great  Quantities  of  thi5  Plant, 
for  which  they  have  ^  great  Demabd 


A  N 

from  the  Confedioners,  who  make 
a  Sweet-meat  with  the  tender  Stalks 
of  it,  cut  in  May. 

This  Plant  is  alfo  ufed  in  Medi- 
cine, as  are  alfo  the  Seeds:  there- 
fore where-  it  is  cultivated  for  tht 
Seeds,  there  fhould  be  new  Planta- 
tions annually  made  to  fupply  the 
Places  of  thofe  which  die. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  wild  by 
the  Ditches  Sides  in  many  Parts  of 
Englaudf  and  is  rarely  propagated  ia 
a  Garden. 

The  other  two  Sorts  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  the 
manner  as  was  diredled  for  the  com- 
mon'Sort  ;  bat  they  Ihould  be  plant-  . 
ed  in  a  drier  Soil,  and  in  a  ihady  Si- 
tuation. 

ANGURIA,  The  Water-melon 
or  Citrul. 

The  CbaraStn  are ; 

It  bath  trailing  Branches^  as  th$ 
CMCumber  or  Meloni  and  is  chiefly  di^ 
fiingwjhed  from  the  other  cucurbit  a '^ 
lious  Plants  by  its  Lea/\  *which  is 
deeply  cut  and  j^Zgs^i  ^fd  by  its  pro* 
ducing  an  eatable  Fruit. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  ANGUtiA  citrullus  dOta,  C 
B.P,  Common  Water  melon,  called 
Citrul. 

2.  Anguria  Indica  maxima,  C 
5.  P.  The  largeft  hi£an  Water- 
melon. 

3.  An  CUE  1 A  came  rvlsnteyfemim 
nigro  majori,  Infi,  R,  H.  Water- 
melon with  a  red  Fleih,  and  large 
black  Seeds. 

4.  Anguria  carne  r» bents,  fimim 
nigro  ,  minori,  Inft,  R.  H.  Water- 
melon with  a  red  plefh,  and  fmallcr 
black  Seeds. 

5.  Anguria  carnjeflave/cente,  fe* 
mini  nigro,  Injt,  R,  H,  Water-me- 
lon with  a  yellowifh  Flefh,  and  blade 
Seeds. 

6.  Anguria  /tu^u  roturtJc,  came 
G   a  /uleutCf 


A  N 

ruhintty  femine  f-uiro.  Water-melon 
with  a  rOQird  Fruit,  having  a  ttd 
JPleih,  and  red  Seeds. 

7.  Ai^cURiA  trifbyUos  Americana^ 
farvo  fruifu.  Inft.  -R.  H.  Three- 
Jeav*d  American  Water  melon,  with 
a  fmall  Frait. 

8.  ArCURIA  Americana y  fruQu 
tthinato  eduli.  Inft,  R,  H,  American 
Water-melon,  with  a  prickly  eat- 
able Fru2t. 

The  iix  firft- mentioned  Sorts  are 
cultivated  in  Sfain^  Portugai,  huly^ 
and  mod  other  warm  Countries  in 
Europe  ;  as  alfo  in  Africa^  Afia^  and 
ATnerica  ;  and  are  by  the  Inhabitants 
of  thofe  Countries  greatly  cfteemed 
for  their  wholfome  cooling  Quality ; 
but  in  England  they  are  not  fo  uni- 
TeHally  efietmed,  though  ibmc  few 
Perfons  are  very  fond  of  them.  I 
ftiall  therefore  give  Direflions  for 
the  railing  of  thcfe  Fruits,  fo  that 
fuch  Perfons  as  are  willing  to  be  at 
the  Expence  and  Trouble  of  raifing 
them,  may  not  be  at  a  Loiis  for  In- 
ftrufUons. 

You  muft  fSrft  provide  yourfelf 
19^ith  fome  Sedds,  which  fhonid  be 
|wo  or  three  Years  old;  for  new 
Seeds  are  apt  to  produce  vigorous 
Plants^  which  are  feldom  fo  fruitfal 
as  thofe  of  a  moderate  Strength. 
The  beft  Sorts  to  cultivate  in  Eng- 
land are  the  fourth  and  fixth  Sorts ; 
and  next  to  thefe  are  the  firft  and 
fifth  Sorts  ;  for  the  ffecond  and  third 
Sorts  produce  very  large  Fruit,which 
feldom  ripen  in  this  Climate.  Hav- 
ing provided  yoorfclf  with  good 
Seed,  you  fhouid  prepare  an  Heap 
^f  new  Dung  the  Beginning  of  Fe- 
bruarjy  which  fliould  be  thrpwn  in 
an  Heap  for  about  twelve  Days  to 
heat ;  then  you  (houM  make  an  Hot- 
bed foi'  one  fingle  Light,  for  which 
one  good  Load  of  Dung  will  be  fuf- 
^cient ;  this  Dung  (houid  be  well 
9^'rought  in  making  of  che'Bed^  and 


A  N 

mufl  be  beaten  down  pretty  cfofe 
with  a  Dung-fork,  that  the  Heat 
may  not  be  too  violent,  and  of 
longer  Continuance.  When  the  Dung 
is  thus  laid,  you  fhoold  cover  k 
about  four  Inches  thick,  with  good 
light  Earth  ;  and  having  fpread  it 
very  even,  you  fhouid  put  the  Frame 
and  Glafs  over  it,  leaving  it  to  warm 
fbnr  or  five  Days  before  you  put  the 
Seeds  into  it ;  obferving,  if  the  Sttam 
rifes  pretty  much,  to  ralfc  up  the 
Glafs  with  a  Stone,  to  let  it  pafs  off. 
Then,  if  you  find  your  Bed  in  pro- 
per Temper,  you  may  fow  your 
Seeds  therein  in  Drills,  covering 
them  over  with  Earth  about  half  an 
Inch.  After  this,  if  you  find  your 
Bed  very  warm,  you  moft  give  Air 
in  the  Day-time  by  raifing  of  the 
GlaiTes ;  but  if  the  Bed  is  cool,  yoo 
muft  cover  it  well  with  Mats  every 
Night,  as  alfo  in  bad  Weather.  In 
four  or  five  Days  after,  you  muft 
prepare  another  Hot-bed  to  receive 
thefe  Plants,  which  will  be  fit  tf> 
tranfplant  in  ten  Days,  or  a  Fort- 
night at  moft,  after  the  Seeds  are 
fown  :  this  Bed  need  not  be  very 
large ;  for  a  few  of  thefe  Plants  wifl 
fill  a  large  Quantity  of  Frames,  when 
they  are  phnted  out  for  good ;  and 
while  the  Plants  are  young,  there 
may.  be  a  great  Quantity  kept  in 
one  Light ;  fo  that  thofe  Perfons  who 
ratfe  early  Cucumbers  and  Muik- 
mefons,  may  alfo  raife  thefe  Plants 
ia  the  fame  Bed  ;  for  two  or  three 
Lights  will  be  fufiident  to  raife 
Plants  of  all  three  Kinds;  to  fupply 
the  largefl  Families,  until  they  are 
planted  out  for  good.  In  the  Ma- 
nagement of  rliefc  Plants  while 
young,  there  is  little  Difference  fi*om 
th,e  Diredions  given  for  rarfing 
Muik-melons :  therefore  I  need  not 
repeat  it  here.  The  chief  thing  to 
be  obferved  is,-  to  let  them  have  a 
h^ffi  Share  of  Air  whenever  the 

Wcathet 


A  N 

Vettber  will  permk;  otherwife  the 
Phnts  will  draw  up  weak,  and  be 
good  for  little.  As  thefe  Plants  will 
require  two  or  three  Hot-beds,  to 
bring  tile  Fruit  to  Perfedlion,  it  will 
be  the  better  way  to  put  the  Plants 
uto  Baikets,  as  Wa3  dir^dted  for  the 
raifing  early  Cucambers ;  but  you 
fliofild  not  plant  more  than  two 
Plants  in  each  Ba/ket ;  for  if  one  of 
them  lives,  it  will  be  fufficient : 
therefore,  when  both  the  Plants  do 
fncceed,  you  (hould  draw  out  the 
weakeA  and  moll  unpromifing  of 
them,  before  they  begin  to  put  out 
theirSide-fhoots;  otherwife  tbey  will 
entangle,  and  render  it  diiHcuU  to 
be  performed,  without  greatly  in- 
joring  the  remaining  Plant. 

The  Bafkets  in  which  thefe  Plants 
are  to  be  planted,  need  not  be  more 
dun  a  Foot  Diameter  ;  fo  that  one 
Light  will  contain  eight  of  them ; 
which  wiH  be  fuihcient  for  twenty- 
ibur  Lights,  when  they  are  planted 
out  for  g9od  ;  for  where  the  Plants 
are  ngorous,  one  fingle  Plant  will 
fpread  fo  hr  as  to  fill  three  Lights  ; 
and  if  they  have  not  room,  they  fel- 
dom  fet  their  Fxuil  well. 

Theie  Baikets  may  remain  in  the 
Kuifery-beds,  until  the  Plants  have 
Spread,  and  pot  out  many  Runners ; 
K)r  when  the  Heat  of  this  Bed  de- 
clines, it  is  foon  revived  by  adding 
a  proper  Lining  of  warm  Dung  to 
the  Sides  of  the  Bed  quite  round ; 
fo  that  when  they  are  taken  out  of 
this  Bed,  and  placed  in  the  Ridges* 
where  they  are  to  remain,  the  Heat 
of  the  Beds  will  lail  fo  long  as  to 
let  their  Fmit,   which  is  of  great 
Confequence ;  for  when  the  Plants 
are  ridged  out  very  young,  the  Beds 
^e  generally  made  of  a  great  Thick- 
nefs  in  Dune»  in  order  to  continue 
dieirHeat;  fo  that  for  fome  time 
after  they  are  made,  they  are  fo  ex- 
Ue&c  hot,  as  to  endanger  the  fcald- 


A  N 

ing  of  {he  Plants :  and  by  the  time 
the  Fruit  begins  to  appear,  there  is 
little  Heat  left  in  the  Beds,  which 
often  occafions  the  Fruit  to  drop  off, 
and  come  to  nothing. 

After  thefe  Plants  are  placed  in 
the  Beds  where  they  are  to  remain«^ 
you  muTl  carefully  lead  the  Shoots 
as  they  are  produced,  fo  as  to  fill 
each  Part  of  the  Frame,  but  not  to 
croud  each  other;  and  be  careful 
to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds,  as 
a! To  to  admit  frefh  Air  whenever  the 
Weather  will  permit:  they  rouft  alfo 
be  frequently  watered ;  but  not  in 
great  Quantities. 

In  fhort,  there  is  little  Difference  tcr  , 
be  obferved  in  the  Management  of 
thefe,  from  that  of  Mufk-melons, 
but  only  to  give  them  more  room, 
and  to  keep  the  Beds  to  a  good  Tem- 
perature of  Heat,  without  which 
thefe  Fruit  will  fcldom  come  to  good 
in  this  Country. 

ANIL,  The  Indigoplant- 
The  Chara^ers  arc; 

It  bath  pennatid  (or  'wingeA) 
LNi'ves,  ivhich  an  terminated  iy  a 
fiiigU  Lobe  at  tht  Extremity:  thi 
Flotvers  (ivhich  art  for  tht  mojf  part 
difpofed  in  a  Sfikt)  conjtjl  of fiv€ 
Lta-vest  and  are  of  the  pafilionaceans 
Kindy  the  uppermofi  Petal  (or  Stand" 
ard ,  bting  larger  than  tht  others^  and 
is  rounder^  and  lightly  'furr(mj*d  cm 
the  Side  :  tht  lofwer  Lea'ves  (or  Ft" 
tals)  art  Jhorty  and  terminate  in  a 
Point :  in  the  Middle  of  the  Tlonfjer 
isfituatcd  the  Style,  ivhich  afterward 
Becomes  a  Jointed  Pod,  containing  one 
cylindrical  Seed  in  each  Partition, 
The  Species  are ; 

i.  Anil,  fvt  Indigo  Americana, 

Jiliquis  in  falculne  modum   contortis* 

D.  Mtrchand.  Mem.  Ac,  P.tg,  Scien, 

Anno  1718.     The  true  Indigo,  with 

Pods  fhaped  like  a  Sickle. 

2.  AtilLy  Ji^ut  Indigo  Americana, 
fruticofa',  argentea,  florihus  e  *viridi 
G  3  ••  furpureiSp 


A  N 

furpirtisy  Jiliquis  faUatts,  Colutea 
affinis^  Yruticofa  argitttea^  floribut 
Jpicatii  e  tviridi  purpureisy  Jiliquis  fal- 
tatis.  Sloan.  Cat.  Jam.  The  wild 
Indigo»  or  Guatimalo  Indigo,  *vulgo, 

3 .  Anil,  fs've  Indigo^  Jtliquis  latis 
aliquant ulum  incur^t,  Emerus  In- 
dicuSy  Jiliqua  aliojiantulum  incur<va, 
ex  quo  Indigo.  Brcyn.  Indigo  with 
broad  Pods  a  little  crooked. 

The  firft  and  third  of  thefc  Spe- 
cies are  Annuals  with  us :  the  Seeds 
of  thefe  mud  be  Town  on  an  Hot-bed 
in  the  Spring  of  the  Year  ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up  two 
Inches  high,  they  Ihould  be  tranf- 
planted  into  fmall  Pots  fUlcd  wich 
good  frefli  Earth,  and  the  Pots 
plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
£ark ;  and  when  the  Plants  have 
obtained  fonie  Strength,  they  niufl 
have  a  great  deal  of  free  Air,  by 
railing  the  Glafles  in  the  Day-time; 
and  in  June  they  may  be  expo  fed  to 
the  open  Air,  by  which  time  they 
will  produce  their  Flowers,  which 
will  be  fucceeded  by  Pods  in  a  very 
fhort  time  after ;  and  in  Auguji  their 
Seeds  will  be  perfedlcd. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  to  the 
Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet,  and  will 
abide  two  or  three  Years,  if  it  is 
prefcrvcd  in  a  very  warm  Stove  in 
Winter  :  this  produces  Spikes  of 
Rowers  from  che  Wings  of  the 
Leaves  on  the  Sides  of  the  Stems 
of  the  Plant,  and  doih  fometimes 
.  perfeft  its  Seeds  in  England.  This 
mud  be  raifed  in  an  Hot- bed,  as 
was  dire£led  for  the  two  former; 
but  muft  not  be  expofed  to  the  open 
Air,  even  in  the  hotteft  Weather. 

The  fir  ft  and  third  Sorts  are  fup- 
pofed  to  be  promifcuoufly  ufed  to 
,  xnake  the  Indigo;  but  the  firil  is 
the  common  Sort,  which  is  cultivated 
in  the  Englijh  Plantations  in  America : 
but  I  have  been  affurcd  by  a  Perfpn 
of  great  Credit^  that  he  has  made 


A  N 

as  good  Indigo  from  the  fecond  Sort* 
as  any  that  was  produced  in  oar 
Plantations ;  and  this  being  a  mncli 
larger  Plant,  will  afford  a  greater 
Quantity  from  the  fame  Compafs  of 
Ground,  than  any  one  of  the  other 
two  Species ;  and  this  Sort  is  alfo 
much  hardier,  and  may  be  cultivated 
in  fuch  Places  where  the  firfl  Sort 
wi.l  not  grow;  by  which  means 
great  Improvements  may  be  made 
with  this  Plant  in  our  if^mraw  Plan- 
tations. The  Frencif  chiefly  culti- 
vate this  Sort. 

ANISUMor  ANISE.  FidcApium. 

ANONA.     Fide  Guanabanus. 

ANONIS,Cammock-petty-whin, 
or  Reft -harrow. 

The  Chara£leri  are ; 

It  hath  a  papilionaceous  Flo'vuer^ 
fvohich  is  fucceeded  hy  a  Juuelling  Pod^ 
'which  is  fometimes  long^  and  at  other 
times  Jhort ;  is  bi^oal'vey  and  filled 
«witb  kidmy-Jhaped  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  A  N  0  N 1  s  fpinofa^  fiore  puf-pureo. 
C.  B,  Anonis,,  or  prickly  Rcft- 
harrow,  with  purple  Flowers. 

2.  A  N  o  N I  s  fpinofa^  fiore  alba.  C.  B, 
Prickly  Rcfl-harrbw,  with  white 
Flowers. 

3 .  A  N  0  K I  s  fpinis  car  ens  ^  purpurea. 
C,  B.  Purple  Reft-harrow,  with- 
out Prickles. 

4.  Anon  IS  ^'im's  car  ens,  candidis 
fiorihus.  C.  B.  J^eft- harrow  with- 
out Prickles,  and  white  Flowers. 

5.  An o s IS /picata,  five  alepecu- 
roides,  Lufitamca.  Hofm.  Cat.  Por^ 
tugal  Reft-harrow,  with  Spikes  of 
purple  Flowers. 

6.  Anon  IS  purpurea y  merna,  feu 
pr^ec'ox,  perennist  frutefcens,  fiore  ru- 
brd  amplo.  Mer.  Hi  ft.  Early  fhrubby 
purple  Refl- harrow,  with  ample  red 
Flowers. 

7.  An  ON  IS  lutea  anguftifolia  per* 
ennis.  Boer.  bid.  Yellow  narrow- 
Icav'd  perennial  Reft-harrow. 

%.  An9- 


A  N 

S.  Anon  IS  fiUqtds  omitbopoMi, 
Boer,  Ind.  Reft -harrow  with  Pods 
like  the  Bird's-fboc. 

9.  Anon  IS  Americana,  folio  ia- 
Htri  fnbr^uni^.  Tomm.  American 
AooniSyWith  broad  roundifi^  Leaves. 

10.  -  Akon IS  Caroliniana  pertnnis, 
99m  jpimfa^  foliormm  marginihus  ift' 
iegrit,  fortbus  in  tbyrfo  tandidis, 
Sotooiii  perennial  Catoltna  Anonis, 
with  iniire  Leaves,  and  whice  Flowers 
powiog  in  a  Spike. 

1 1.  Anon  IS  Htjpanica  frute/cens^ 
folio  tridtntato  camofo,     Itift.  R.  H, 

Shrubby  Spanijh  Reil-harrow,  with 
t  crideoted  ileihy  Leaf. 

12.  Akonis  Alpiua  humilior^  ra- 
dice  ampla  ^  duUi.  Inft,  R,  H, 
Dwarf  Reft-harrowof  the  ^Ip,  with 
1  large  fweet  Root. 

13.  A N  ON  1  s  Al^na  fumila  glabra 
nm  ffinofa  fmrfurta.  Inft.  R.  H, 
Dwaif  fmooth  purple  ReH-harrow 
of  the  Alps. 

1 4.  A  N  o  M I  s  mrpanica  frutefcent, 
folio  rotunAiori.  Inft,  R.  H.  Shrubby 
^Mtjb  ReH-harrow,  with  a  rounder 
Leaf. 

15.  Pi^onis  frutefcem  Americana, 
fort  purpureo.  Inft,  R.  H.  Shrubby 
American  Reft-harrow^  with  a  purple 
Flower. 

16.  An  on  IS  Afiatica  /rutefceni, 
JUribui  luteis  amplit,  Inft.  R.  H. 
Afiatic  fhrubby  Reft  -  harrow,  with 
large  yellow  Flowers. 

17.  Anon  IS  Americana  angufti^ 
folia    bumilior,    l^    minus    birfuta, 
Houft.    Dwarf  narrow-leav'd  Ame- 
rican  R^fl-harrow. 

iS.  Anonis  non  ffinofa,  foliis  cifti 
iifiarf  glutinofis  I5  odoratii.  Sloan, 
•  Cat,  Jam,  Shrubby  glutinons  and 
fweet  fmdling  American  Reft  har- 
row, without  Thorns,  and  Leaves 
like  the  Dwarf-ciftus. 

19.  Anon  IS  Americana  ereBior 
*w  fpinofa,  foliis  rotundiorihus,  fto' 
fihns  amplis  luteis.  Upright  Ame- 
fuan  Reft-harrow,  without  Spines, 


A  N 

having  round  Leaves,  and  largf 
yellow  Flowers. 

20.  An  on  is  *vircofa,  fpinis  parens, 
lutea  major.  C.B.P,  Large  yellow 
Reft-harrow,  without  Spines. 

21.  A  non  IS  fpiftis  car  ens,  lutea 
minor.  C,  B,  P.  Smaller  yellow 
Reft-harrow,  without  Spines. 

22.  Anonzs  ft  ore  luteo  parvo, 
R,  U.  Par,  Reft-harrow  with  a 
fmall  yellow  Flower. 

23.  A  N  o  N  Ls  puftUa  glabra  angufti- 
folia  lutea.    Inft.   )?.   H.      Smooth 

narrow-leav*d  dwarf  Reft-harrow, 
with  a  yellow  FU>wer. 

24.  A  NON  IS  non  fpinofa,fiort lutea 
^ariegato.  C,  B.  P.  Smooth  Reft-har- 
row,  with  a  yellow  variegated  Flower. 

25.  A  NON  IS  non  fpinofa  birfuta 
vifcofa,  odore  tberiac^.  Hort,  Catb, 
Sup,  Hairy  vifcous  Reft-harrow, 
without  Spines,  and  fmelling  like 
Venice- treacle. 

26.  Anon  IS  non  ffinofa  minor 
glabra  procnmbens,  fiore  luteo,  Sloan, 

Cat,  7  ; .  LefTer  trailing  fmooth  Ami^ 
rican  Reft-harrow,  without  Spines, 
and  having  yellow  Flowers. 

The  four  firft  Sorts  grow  wild  in 
divers  Parts  of  England,  and  are 
feldom  propagated  in  Gardens  :  the 
£rft  Sore  is  ufed  in  Medicine :  the 
Roots  of  this  Plant  fpread  ^ftTY  far 
under  the  Surface  of  the  Ground^ 
and  are  fo  tough,  that  in  plowing 
the  Land  it  often  ftops  the  Oxen  i 
from  whence  it  had  its  Name, 
'viK.  Reft  a  Bowis,  This  is  like  wife 
called  Cam  mock  by  the  Country- 
people;  and  in  fome  Counties  it  is 
called  Frcncb  Furz.  The  fecoad 
Sort  is  but  a  Variety  of  the  iirft, 
differing  only  in  the  Colour  of  the 
Flower.  The  two  others,  without 
Spines,  are  often  met  with  near  the 
firft. 

The  fifth,   fevcnth,  and  eighth 

Sorts  are  beautiful  Garden^plants ; 

thefe  are  propagated  by  {owing  thrir 

Seeds  in  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  in 

G  4  an 


A  N 

in  open-fituated  Bed  of  light  Earth ; 
and  when  the  Plants  of  the  fixth  Sort 
are  come  up^  they  Ihoald  be  tranf- 
planted  carefully,  ekher  into  Pots 
(fiird  with  good  frefli  Earth),  or 
into  warm  -  fituated  Borders;  for 
they  are  fubjed  to  be  deftroyed  by 
hard  Frofti ;  therefore  it  is  that  I' 
would  advife  the  prcfcrviDg  fome 
Plants  of  each  Kind  in  Pots,  which 
may  be  fheltered  in  the  Winter  under 
a  common  l^ot-bed-frame,  and  the 
Spring  following  may  be  turned  out 
of  the  Pots  (prefcrving  all  the  Earth 
to  their  Roots),  and  planted  in  a 
warm  Border,  where  they  may  re- 
main to  flower ;  and  if  the  Seafon 
is  good,  they  will  perfed  their  Seeds 
in  Augufiy  or  fooner. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant, 
which  perifties  foon  after  the  Seeds 
are  perfeded  ;  therefore  it  is  that  I 
have  advifed  the  railing  of  fome 
Plants  in  Autumn,  that  good  Seeds 
may  be  obtained  ;  becaufe  thofe 
.which  are  raifed  in  the  Spring,  many 
■times  are  deflroyed  by  Froft,  before, 
their  Seeds  are  perfet^ed. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  a  perennial  Plant, 
which  grows  to  the  Height  of  two 
Feet,  or  more,  and  is  fhrubby  :  this 
produces  its  beautiful  purple  Flowers 
v^ry  early  in  the  Spring ;  and  the 
Leaves  remaining  green  thro*  the 
Winter,  renders  it  worthy  of  a 
Place  in  fuch  Gardens  where  there 
are  Collections  of  curious  Plants 
preferved.  It  is  an  hardy  Plant, 
which  will  live  abroad  in  common 
Winters ;  and  in  the  moft  fevcre 
Froft  requires  no  other  Shelter  bat 
that  of  a  common  Frame ;  under 
which,  if  fome  of  the  Pots  are  placed 
in  O^ober,  and  the  Glaffes  kept  off 
conftantly  in  mild  Weather,  to  let 
the  Plants  enjoy  as  much  free  Air 
as  pofiible,  they  will  flower  well  in 
the  Spring. 

The  feventh  So;:t  may  dfo  be 


A  N 

treated  in  the  (ame  manner ;  but  this» 
being  not  near  fo  beaiitlflil  as  th» 
former,  is  feldom  preferved  but  in. 
Botanic  Gardens,  far  Variety-fake. 

^he  eighth  and  ninth  Sorts  artt 
Annuals,  and  muft  therefore  be  fowa. 
every  Spring ;  the  eighth  will  do 
very  well,  if  fown  on  a  Bed  of  frelh 
Earth  in  the  open  Air,  where  it  ma^ 
remain  to  flower  and  feed ;  but  tHi^ 
ninth  (hould  be  fown  on  a  moderate 
Hot-bed,  and  managed  as  is  dire&ed 
for  theBalfamina :  this  will  produce 
its  Flowers  in  July,  and  the  Seeds 
will  ripen  in  September. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  a  perennial  Plant, 
which  dies  to  the  Root  every  Win- 
ter, but  rifes  again  the  fucceeding ' 
Spring.  This  Plant  produces  long 
Spikes  of  white  Flowers  in  yunt^ 
and  the  Seeds  ripen  in  September, 
Ic  is  propagated  from  Seeds,  which 
(hould  be  fown  in  the  Spring,  upon 
a  gentle  Hot-bed;  and  when  the 
Plants  are  come  up,  they  ihould  be 
tranfplanted  each  into  a  Halfpeny 
Pot  fiird  withfreni£arth,and  plungM 
on  another  very  moderate  Hot-bed ; 
obfqrving  to  water  and  (hade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root ;  after 
which  time  they  fhould  be  inured  to 
the  open  Air  ;  and  in  the  Latter- 
end  of  June  the  Pots  (hould  be  placed 
abroad ;  where  they  may  remain 
until  the  Middle  of  October,  when 
they  muft  be  placed  under  an  Hot- 
bed-frame, to  (heltcr  them  in  feverc 
Frofl;  but  in  mild  Weather  they 
(hould  have  as  moch  free  Air  as 
po(fible.  The  Spring  following, 
thefe  Plants  (hould  be  takdn  out 
of  the  Pots,  and  planted  in  warm 
Borders,  where  they  are  to  remain ; 
for  by  (hooting  iheir  Roots  a  great 
Depth  into  the  Earth,  they  do  not 
bear  tranfplanting  well,  after  they 
have  made  ftrong  Roots.  Thefc 
Plants  will  continue  feveral  Years ; 
and  as  their  Roots  increafe,  they 

wiU 


A  N 

wiH  produoe  a  greater  Number  of 
Flowers. 

The  elevcntli^  twelfth,  thirteenth, 
»d  foarteenth  Sorts  are  abiding 
Plants ;  wbieh  may  be  propagated 
hj  fowing  of  their  Seeds  in  de  fame 
manner  as  hath  been  direded  for 
the  tenth  ;  and  the  young  Plants 
ibould  alfo  be  treated  the  firft  Year, 
as  nras  direded  for  that  Sort.  The 
following  Spring  you  mnft  plant  oat 
the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  Sorts  into 
the  loll  Ground,  where  they  will 
thmre  ranch  better  than  if  kept  in 
Pots  i  and  being  both  very  hardy, 
tbey  wilt  endure  the  fevereft  Cold 
of  our  Climate  without  Shelter. 
Thde  produce  their  Ftowers  in  Jfri/ 
tod  Mijr ;  and  in  good  Seaibns,  will 
ibmetimes  perfed  their  Seeds  inJ^^j'- 

The  eleventh  and  foorteenth  Sorts 
become  ihrubby;    thefe  are  more 
tender  than  the  former  Sorts  ;    fo 
that  fome  of  thefe  Plants  fhould  be 
l^tpt  in  Pots,    that  they  may  be 
fiieitered  from  the  Frofl  in  Winter ; 
tod  the  others  may  be  planted  in  a' 
warm  Border,  where  they  will  en- 
^  dare  the  Cold  of  our  ordinary  Win- 
ters very  well ;    but  in  very  iharp 
Winters,    thefe  Plants,   which  are 
expofed,  will  be  deftroyed.     Thefe 
two  Sorts  flower  in  the  Spring  (at 
which  time  they  make  an  hand  fome 
Appearance  amoogft    other  hardy 
Exotic  Plants) ;  and  fometimes  they 
will  produce  ripe  Seeds  in  England. 
They  may  alfo  be  propagated  by 
Cunings,  which  ihould  be  phinted 
in  Pots  6]led  with  light  rich  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  a  very  moderate 
Hot- bed  i  obferving  to  water  and 
ihadethem,  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  after  which  time,  they  muH 
be  removed  into  the  open  Air,  and 
iboold  remain  abroad  until  the  End 
of  OSobeTy  or  the  Beginning  of  A*- 
\mher ;  when  they  muft  ekher  be 
6 


A  N 

removed  under  an  Hot-bed-frtme^ 
where  they  may  be  covered  in  froftf 
Weather,  or  elfe  placed  in  theGreen- 
houfe  near  the  Windows :  for  they 
fhould  have  as  much  Air  as  poffible 
in  mild  Weadier,  otherwiie  they 
will  produce  weak  Shoots,  and  fel- 
dom  flower  near  fo  well  as  thofe 
which  are  treated  hardily. 

The  fiheenth,  fixteenth,  feven- 
teenth,  and  eighteenth  Sorts  are  Na- 
tives of  Anurieu,  Thefe  are  alfb 
abiding  Plants,  which  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  fowing  their  Seeds  ia 
fmalt  Pots  filled  with  light  freih 
Eardi,  in  the  Spring  of  die  Year: 
thefe  Pots  fhould  be  plunged  into 
a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
fiark,  obferving  to  water  the  Earth 
gendy  when  you  perceive  it  ^xyi 
but  you  muft  not  give  them  too 
much  Water,  left  it  burft  the  Seeds, 
and  caufe  them  to  rot.  In  about 
three  Weeks  or  a  Month  after  fow- 
ing, -the  Plants  will  appear  ;  when 
they  fhould  be  frequently  refrefhed 
withWater,  to  promote theirGrowth ; 
and  when  diey  are  two  Inches  high, 
they  fhould  be  taken  out  of  the 
Pots,  and  carefully  parted;  planting 
each  Plant  into  a  fmall  Pot  filled 
with  the  fame  rich  Earth  as  the 
Seeds  were  fown  in.  Then  the  Pots 
fhould  be  plunged  again  into  a  mo- 
derate Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
obferving.  to  water  and  fhade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root ;  after 
which  time  they  ftiould  be  conftantly 
refreftied  with  Water,  as  the  Scafon 
may  require;  and  in  warm  Weather 
the  GlaiTes  of  the  Hot-bed  fhould 
be  raifed  with  S(ones,  to  admit  the 
Air  to  the  Plants  in  proportion  to 
the  Heat  of  the  Weather.  When 
the  Plants  have  grown  fo  as  to 
fill  thefe  fmall  Pots  with  their  Roots, 
they  fhould  be  fhaken  out  of  them, 
and  tranfplanted  into  Pots  a  Size 
larger,  and  then  plunged  into  the 

Hotbed 


A  N  ■ 

Hot-bed  again ;  for  thefe  Plants,  be- 
ing Natives  of  warm  Countries,  maft 
be  treated  after  the  manner  of  othax 
tender  Exotic  Plants.  In  Winter 
•they  muft  be  placed  in  the  fiark- 
Aove;  but  in  Summer  they  (bould 
Jiave  a  large  Share  of  fre(h  Air, 
otherwife  they  will  not  flower  very 
ilrong ;  nor  will  they  ever  produce 
£Ood  Seeds,  if  they  have  not  Air 
And  Moifture  in  warm  Weather. 

The  nineteenth  and  twenty -iixth 
Sorts  are  alfo  very  tender  Plants. 
Thefe  are  propagated  b^  Seeds, 
which  (hould  be  treated  Qxa£ily  in 
the  fame  manner  as  the  former  Sorts : 
but  thefe  are  not  laiting  Plants ;  for 
they  feldom  continue  longer  than 
two  Years ;  the  fecond  Year  they 
produce  Flowers,  and  perfcii  their 
^eeds;  after  which  they  generally 
decay. 

The  twentieth,  twenty-iirft,  twcnty- 
lecond,  twenty-third,  twenty -fourth, 
and  twenty-fifth  Sorts  are  all  annual 
Plants,  which  are  hardy.  The  Seeds 
of  thefe  ihould  be  fown  about  the 
Middle  of  Marcb^  on  a  warm  Border, 
where  they  are  defign'd  to  remain ; 
for  they  do  not  very  well  bear 
tranfplanting ;  wherefore  the  beft 
Method  is,  to  foiw  the  Seeds  in 
Drills,  about  two  Feet  afunder ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
ihould  be  thinned,  fo  as  to  leave  the 
Plants  about  five  or  fix  Inches  apart 
in  the  Rows.  This  is  all  the  Culture 
which  they  require,  unlefs  it  be  to 
keep  them  clear  fromWeeds ;  which 
ihould  be  conftantly  obferved.  In 
July  thefe  Plants  will  produce  their 
Flowers ;  and  in  September  they  will 
perfedl  their  Seeds,  which  fhould 
be  carefully  gathered,  to  preferve 
their  Species. 

AN  THOLYZA.    We  have  no 
Englijh  Name  for  this  Pfant. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  hath  an  irregular  FlvwcTy  of 


A  N 

the  liUeueous  Sort  ^  ibe  e^ftr  Lfp 
incbfing  the  Stamina  :  the  Flower  is 
fuccooded  by  a  Fruit  dividid  ini^ 
three  dlls,  inclofing  many  roemiijh 
Seeds  :  the  Root  it  bulbous. 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  this 
Plant  at  prefent  in  the  Englijb  Gar- 
dens; tvisa. 

Antuoltza.  L/«.  This  is  called 
by  Dr.  Breyniutp  Gladiolus  JloribuM 
re&um  refer entibus  coccineis^  fufremem 
lacima  ereSa  ^  fifiulo/a. 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  of  Africm^ 
from  whence  the  Seeds  have  been 
obtained,  and  were  £rfl  raifed  in 
the  Dutch  Provinces,  where  it  has 
long  been  an  Ornament  in  ibme  of 
their  curious  Gardens. 

It  is  proipagated  by  Off-fets,  which 
the  bulbous  Roots  fend  forth  in 
pretty  great  Plenty  ;  or  by  Seeds, 
which  are  fometimes  perfedled  in 
Europe,  Theie  Seeds  fhould  be  fowa 
foon  after  they  are  ripe;  for  if  the/ 
are  kept  out  of  the  Ground  till  the 
following  Spring,  chey  often  mif- 
carry ;  and  always  remain  a  Year  ox 
more  in  the  Ground  before  they 
grow.  If  the  Seeds  are  fown  in 
Pots  of  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  old  Hot-bed  of  Tan  which 
has  loll  its  Heat,  and  fhaded  in  the 
Middle  of  the  Day  in  hot  Weather, 
the  Seeds  will  come  up  the  follow- 
ing  Winter  :  therefore  they  mufl  be 
placed  in  a  Stove  kept  to  a  moderate 
Degree  of  Warmth,  otherwife  the 
young  Plants  will  be  deflroyed. 
Thefe  muft  remain  in  the  Pots  two 
Years ;  by  which  time  they  will 
have  Strength  enough  to  be  planted 
each  into  a  feparate  fmall  Pot  filled 
with  light  Earth.  The  time  for 
tranfplanting  of  thefe  Roots  is  in 
July^  when  their  Leaves  are  de- 
cayed. In  Summer  the  Pots  may 
he  placed  in  the  open  Air  ;  but  in 
Winter  they  muft  be  removed  into 
a  warm  Green-houfe*  or  a  Stove 

kept 


A  N 

kept  in  a  moderate  Degree  of 
Wanntii ;  for  it  is  not  very  tender; 
but  where  any  Damp  arifes,  it  is 
fcryapi  to  occafion  a  Moaldinefs 
vpon  thefe  Plants.  The  Roots 
ffroot  op  in  Antumn,  and  the  Flowers 
begin  to  appear  in  March ;  the  Seeds 
ripen  in  May  ;  and  foon  after  their 
Leaves  and  >talk8  decay ;  when  the 
Roots  may  be  taken  up,  and  icept 
fix  Weeks  or  two  Months  oat  of 
the  Ground ;  fo  may  be  eafily  tranf- 
poitcd  from  one  Coantry  to  another 
at  that  time.  Thefe  Flowers  are 
a  great  Ornament  to  the  Green-hoafe 
ami  Stove^  when  they  are  in  Flower^ 
and  they  are  Plants  which,  requiring 
bat  little  Culture,  deferve  a  Place  in 
every  good  Grecn-houfel 

ANTHOSPERMUM,  Amber- 
tree,  vtilge. 

The  CharaBert  are ; 

//  i$  Mali  and  Female  in  different 
Piatt  J  ^  and/omg  are  Hermaphrodite: 
thi  Empalement  is  din/ided  into  four 
Forts:  the  Flotver  ii  of  one  Leaf: 
Atre  are  tico  Pointals^  njohicb  are 
eccempanied  iy  four  Stamina  :  the 
ttmser  fits  open  the  Ovarium. 

We  have  bat  one  Sore  of  this 
Pknt  in  the  Englijh  Gardens  at  pre- 
ibt;  ndz. 

Anthospbamum  mas,  lAn^  The 
Male  Anthofpermu  m . 

It  has  been  long  known  in  the 
corious  Gardens,  under  the  Title 
of  Frutex  AfricanuSf  ambram  fpi- 
rans^  or  Amber- tree;  by  Ibmc  Am- 
bergrife^  from  the  Scent  of  this  Plant 
being  fnppofed  to  be  like  that  of 
Ambergrife. 

This  is  preferved  in  mod  curious 
Gardens,  which  have  Colledions  of 
tender  Plants.  It  jis  eafily  propa- 
gated by  planting  Cuttings  during 
any  of  the  Summer-months,  in  a 
forder  of  light  Earth ;  which  will 
Ukc  Root  in  fix  Weeks  time,  pro- 


A  N 

Tided  they  are  watered  and  fliadel 
as  the  Seafon  may  require:  or  if 
thefe  Cuttings  are  planted  in  Pots^ 
and  plunged  into  a  very  moderate 
Hot- bed,  they  will  take  Root  fooner^ 
and  there  will  be  a  great  Certainty 
of  their  growing :  then  they  ihould 
be  taken  up,  with  a  fiall  of  Earth 
to  their  Roots,  and  planted  intoPota 
fill'd  with  light  fandy  Earth,  and 
may  be  expofed  co  the  open  Air  un- 
til O^obtr ;  at  which  time  they 
ihould  be  removed  into  the  Confer- 
vatory,  where  they  ihould  be  placed 
as  free  as  poffible  from  being  over- 
hung with  other  Plants :  and,  during 
the  Winter-feafon,  they  muft  be  re- 
freibed  with  Water;  but  ihould  not 
have  too  much  given  them  each 
time.  You  may  let  them  have  as  much 
Air  as  the  Weather  will  permit ;  for 
if  they  are  kept  too  clofe,  they  will 
be  fubjedt  to  grow  mouldy,  and 
generally  decay  foon  after :  fo  that 
if  the  Green-houfe  is  damp,  it  will 
be  diificult  to  preferve  thefe  Plant* 
thro'  the  Winter. 

Thefe  Shrubs  may  be  trained  up 
either  to  form  round  Heads,  or  into 
Pyramids ;  it  being  a  very  manage- 
able Plant ;  but  (hould  not  be  often 
cut ;  for,  by  fo  doing,  it  will  occa- 
fion the  Branches  to  grow  very 
clofe,  whereby  the  Air  will  be  ex- 
cluded from  the  Middle- part  of  the 
Plant ;  which  will  caufe  the  Leaves 
to  decay,  and  the  Branches  to  ap- 
pear very  unfightly  '  but  if  you 
fuffer  it  to  grow  as  it  is  naturally 
difpofed  (oniy  obferving  to  tie  up 
the  Stem,  to  make  it  llrait),  the 
Plant  will  thrive  much  better. 

The  Beauty  of  this  Shrub  is  in 
its  fmall  ever- green  Leaves,  which 
grow  as  clofe  as  Heath ;  and,  be- 
ing bruis'd  between  the  Fingers, 
emit  a  very  fragrant  Odour.  1  hefe 
Plants  mull  be  frequently  renewed 

by 


A  N 

hy  Cutdngs ;  for  the  old  Plants  9it 
veiT^fubjed  to  decay,  fddom  con- 
dnoing  above  three  or  four  Years. 

ANTIRRHINUM,  Snap-dra- 
gem,  or  Calves-faoBt. 
The  Chara&frs  are; 
//  is  a  PUnt  tvM  an  anomalous 
flo^virt  confifiing  of^ne  Ltaf^  'wbUb 
is  dividsdy  Ms  it  tvere^  inio  injoo 
Lips  I  tbt  uppir  of  *wbicb  is  tui  into 
i«wo  PartSf  and  the  undtr  into  thru 
Parts  :  ent  of  th§  Flowtr-cup  arifes 
tb$  Pointal,  faftem'd  iike  a  Nail  in 
thi  bindtr  Part  of  tbi  fhwir  ; 
^oobicb  aftirnvard  tarns  to  a  Fruit 
V  ro/embiing  a  Calps  Htad^  fwbicb  is 
i^idid  in  tbe  Middle  by  a  Partition 
into  tmoo  Cells^  in  tsfbicb  are  coistain'd 
msany  fmall  Soeds, 

Th^  Specits  are ; 
.  I.  Antirrhinum  laiifoUmHy 

Jlore  rubrOf  ri£lu  lutio,  Boerb,  The 
broad-leav]d  Snap-dragon,  with  red 
Flowers. 

2.  Antirrhinum  latifolinm,Jloro 
albof  ri^u  lutco.  Boerb.  The  broad- 
leav*d  Snap-dragon,  with  white 
Flowers. 

3.  Antirrhinum  anguftifolium 
taajus  peregriaum^  fiort  ruberrimo, 
H,  R,  Par,  The  large  narrow- 
ieav*d  Snap-dragon,  with  deep-red 
Flowers. 

4.  Antirrhinum  angufto  fclio 
Unariit,  eleganter  ^ariegato^  ftore 
rubroy  riSu  luteo,  Boerb.  The 
llriped  Soap-dragon. 

5.  Antirrhinum  luteo  Jlore. 
C  B.  P.  Snap  dragon  with  a  yel- 
low Flower. 

6.  Ant  I R  R  H I N  u  M  latifolimny  pal- 
iido  ample  fiore,  Boc,  Mvf.  Broad- 
ieavM  Snap-dragon,  with  a  large 
pale  Flower. 

7.  Antirrhinum    Lujitanicumy 
jlore  rubro  elegantij/imo.    Par,  Bat, 

Portugal  Snapdragon,  with  a  moft 
elegant  red  Flower. 


A  N 

8.  Antirrhinum     Hi^. 
nsillofumy  origani  folio.    Infi,  R.  H. 
Spanijb  hairy  Snap-dragon,  with 
Wild-ffiajjorai»-leaf. 

9.  Antirrhinum  Hi/panic^ 
altiffimstm^  angnftiffimo  folio,  It^, 
R.  H.  Tall  Spanifi  Snap-diagofu 
with  a  Teiy  narrow  Leaf. 

10.  Antirrhinum  rngStimy  flare 
eUbo  patnio.  Virid.  Lnfit.  Middle 
Snap-dragon,  with  a  white  fpreading 
Flower. 

11.  Antirrhinum  mie^ns  jkxm- 
iiloy  angnftijjimis  foliity  fkro  pser- 
pssrafcenti  minori.  Bar.  Icon.  Gremter 
rock  Snap-dragon,  with  very  nar- 
row Leaves,  and  a  leffcr  purple 
Flower. 

12.  Antirrhinum  Cs^icum  am* 
gn/Hfoliumy  Jlore  maximo  purpureo, 
Toum,  Cor.  Narrow  leav'd  Snap- 
dragon of  Cretey  with  the  largeft 
purple  Flower. 

The  four  firft  Sorts  are  raiied 
from  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  fowa. 
in  a  dry  Soil,  which  is  not  too  rich^ 
in  April  or  May ;  and  in  yuly  may 
be  planted  oat  into  large  Borders^ 
where  they  will  flower  the  Spring 
following  ;  or  they  may  be  fown 
early  in  the  Sprine,  for  flowering 
tbe  fame  Autumn ;  but  then  they  are 
not  fo  likely  to  endure  the  Winter  ; 
and  if  the  Autumn  prove  bad,  they  • 
will  not  perfed  their  Seeds. 

Thefe  Plants  grow  extremely  well 
upon  old  Walls  or  Buikiings,    in 
which  Places  they  will  endure-  £or 
feveral  Years;  whereas  thofe planted 
ixL  Gardens  feldom  laft  longer  than 
two  Years,  unlefs  they  are  planted 
in  a  very  poor  Soil,  and  the  Flowers 
often  cropped,  and  not  fufFered  to 
feed ;  but  any  of  the(e  Sorts  may  be 
continued,  by  planting  Cuttings  in 
any  of  the  Summer-months,  which 
wilLeaiily  take  Root.     The  fourth 
Sort  is  tenderer  than  any  of  the  for- 
mer. 


A  N 

t,  aad  Jhould  therefore  be  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  rubbifhing  dry 
fimdy  Soil,  and  ihdtered  in  Winter 
HMier  a  cooEimon  Hot-bed-fome» 
shferring  to  gire  them  free  open 
Air,  by  taking  off  the  GlaiTes  ta 
mild  Weather,  and  only  covering 
them  in  very  wet  or  irofty  Wea- 
ther. 

AJI  the  Soft8  of  Snap-dragons  are 
pretty  Qraaments  in  a  Garden ; 
aad,  requiring  very  little  Culture, 
aie  rendered  more  acceptable.  Tkey 
are  all  hardy  Plants,  and  will  refift 
the  Cold  of  our  Winters  extremely 
vdi,  efpedaUy  if  they  are  planted 
«2  a  dry,  gravelly,  or  fandy  Soil ; 
for  when  they  are  planted  in  a  rich 
noift  Soil,  they  will  grow  very 
hnriaat  for  a  time,  but  are  very 
fobjeft  CO  rot  in  Autumn  or  Winter, 
and  are  much  more  liifceptible  of 
Cold,  than  when  they  are  in  a  dry, 
^ffYi  rocky  Soil:  fo  that  thde 
fiaats  may  be  placed  amongft  Stones ; 
or  they  will  grow  in  the  Joints  of 
old  WadJs,  where  they  may  be  placed 
fo  as  to  render  fome  abjedl  Parts  of 
a  Garden  very  agreeable ;  for  they 
will  continae  in  Flower  feveral 
Months ;  and  if  the  Seeds  are  per- 
mitted to  (hed,  there  will  be  a  con- 
tinual Supply  of  young  Plants,  with- 
o&t  aay  Trouble. 

Where-ever  tbefe  Plants  arede- 
figned  to  grow  on  Walls,  or  on  a 
rocky  barren  Soil,  the  Seeds  fhould 
be  (own  the  Beginning  of  March, 
where  they  are  defigned  to  remain ; 
for  if  the  Plants  are  firft  raifed  in  a 
betier  Soil,  and  afterward  traiif- 
phnted  into  thofe  Places,  they  feU 
^«a  (iKcced  well.  When  the  Plana 
are  come  up,  they  will  require  no 
other  Culture  but  to  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds ;  and  where  they  come 
^  too  d^ick,  to  pall  fome  of  them 
<At,  fo  as  to  give  them  room  to 
t^ow.    lo  Jufy  thcfe  Sorts  will  be^ 


A  P 

gin  to  flower,  and  will  contione 
flowering   till    the  Froft   prevents 
them.     Thefe  Plants  whidi  grow 
on  Walls,  will  be  ftrong,  and  have 
woody  Stems,  which  will  contiaoe 
two  or  three  Years  or  more* 
APHACA,  Vetchling. 
The  Cbar^3ers  are ; 
//  kmtb  a  Butttrfif'Jhwir,   nt 
•f  'wbofe  Empalemtnt  rifes  tbt  Poin- 
tal^  mobhb  afterward  becomes  a  Pod 
full  of  rouniijh  Seeds :  to  tbefe  Notee 
muft  be  added,  Tbat  two  Le^rues  only 
grow  at  tbe  Joints  of  tbe  Stalbt^ 
out  of  wbo/e  Wings  froceed  tbe  Jm- 
drils^ 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  thm 
Plant;  «r«. 

Aphaca.     Lob.   hen.      Yelloipr 
Vetchling. 

This  Plant  is  found  wild  in  divers 
Parts  of  Englandy  on  arable  Land ; 
but  is  feldom  preferve^  in  Gardens. 
It  is  an  annual  Plant,  which  perifliea 
ibon  after  the  Seeds  are  perfeded. 
The  furefl  Method  to  cultivate  thia 
Plant   is,   to  fow  the  Se^s  on  s 
I^kA  of  light  £arth  in  Autumn,  fooa 
after  they  are  ripe ;   for  if  they  are 
kept  out  of  theGround  until  Spring, 
they  feldom  grow;  and  if  fome  of 
the  Plants  come  up  at  that  Seaiba^ 
they  feldom  perfed  their  Seede  fo 
well  as  thofe  which  were  fown  io 
Autumn.    Thefe  Seeds  fiiould  be 
fown  where  the  Plants  are  defigned 
to  remain ;  for  they  feldom  fucoeed 
well,  if  they  are  traniplanted.     AH 
the  Cnltuie  thefe  Plants  require,  is 
to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds, 
and  to  thin  them  where  they  come 
up  too  clofe,  leaving  them  abooa 
ten  Inches  or  a  Foot  afunder. 
APIUM,  Parfley. 

The  CharaSlers  are ; 

Tbe  Leaves  are  divided  into  Wings^ 

or  grovj  upon  a  branched  Rib,   and 

are,  for  the  moji  part,  cut  into  fmail 

Segments :   tbe  Petals  of  tbe  Flower 

are 


A  P 

itrt  ivhole  and  equal ;  iach  Fh^ver 
being  fucctedcd  fy  tnvo  gibbous  cha-^ 
melled  Seeds. 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Apiuu  hn-tenfe  feu  fctrofe- 
tinutUf  *vtt/go.  C.  B,  P.  Common 
Garden  PaHley. 

2.  Apium  <vei  fetro/eiinum  cri- 
/^um.  C.  B,  P.     Curled  ParQcy. 

3.  Apium  hortenfe  latifolium, 
C.  B.  P.  Broad -leav*d  Garden 
Parflcy. 

4.  Apium  Lyjitanieum  rotunds- 
folium.  Inft.  R.  H,  Round-leav'd 
Portugal  Parflcy. 

5.  Apium  hortenfe  latifolium, 
maxima f  craffijjima^  fuavi^  b^  eduli 
radice,  Boerb.  Broad-leav'd  Gar- 
den Parfley,  with  a  large  fweet  eat- 
able Root. 

•  6.  Apium  palufire^  W  Afium  of' 
Jicinafum.    C.B.  P,     Smallage. 

7.  Apium  dulce,  Celeri  halorusn. 
B.  R.  Par.     Celery. 

84  Apium  dulce  degener,  radice 
rafaeea.  JuJ/stu.  Turnep- rooted 
Celery,  commonly  called  Celeriac. 

9.  Apium  Macedonic'um,  C.B.P. 
The  Macedonian  Parfley. 

10.  Apium  Lufitanicum  maximum, 
folio  trilobatOy  fore  luteolo.  Boerh. 
Lid,  Great  Portugal  Parfley,  with 
a  trilobated  Leaf,  and  a  yellowifh 
Flower. 

■  II.  Apium  Pyrenaicum,  thaffi^ 
facie.  Inft.  R.  H,  Pyrenean  Parfley, 
with  the  Face  of  the  Deadly  Carrot. 

12.  Apium  montanum,  f've  fg- 
tr^tum  album,  y.  B*  Rail.  White 
mountain  Parfley. 

13.  Apium  montanum,  fi*ve  pe- 
iraum  album  elatius*  Taller  white 
mountain  Parfley. 

The  common  Parfley  nrnfl  be  fown 
early  in  the  Spring ;  for  the  Seeds 
remain  a  long  time  in  the  Earth, 
the  Plants  feldom  appearing  in  Icfs 
than  fix  Weeks  after  fowing  the 
Seeds.    Thi<  Sort  is  generally  fown 


A  P 

in  Drills  by  the  Edges  of  Borden 
in  the  Kitchen-garden,  becaaie  it 
IS  much  eaiier  to  keep  it  clear  from 
Wecdf,  than  if  the  Seeds  are  fown 
promifcuoufly  on  a  Border,  and  the 
Parfley  is  foon  cut :  but  if  the  Roots 
are  defired  for  Ufe,  then  the  Seeds 
mnft  be  fown  thin  {  and  when  the 
Plants  are  come  up,  they  Ihoald 
be  hoed  out  fingle,  as  is  pradifed  for 
Carrots,  Onions,  l^c.  obferving  alfo 
to  cut  up  the  Weeds:  if  this  be 
obferved,  the  Roots  will  become 
fit  for  Ufe  by  ^»;»/. 

The  common  Pkrfley  is,  by  fome 
flcilful  Perfons,  cultivated  in  Fields 
for  the  Ufe  of  Sheep,  it  being  a 
foveieign  Remedy  to  preferve  them 
from  the  Rot,  provided  they  are 
fed  twice  a  Week  for  two  or  three 
Hours  each  time  with  this  Herb; 
but  Hares  and  Rabbets  are  fo  fond 
of  it,  that  they  will  come  from  a 
great  Diftance  to  feed  upon  it  1  and 
in  Countries  where  thefe  Animals 
abound,  they  will  deflroy  it,  if  ic 
is  not  very  fecurely  fenced  againft 
them ;  fo  that  whoever  has  a  mind 
to  have  Plenty  of  Hares  in  their 
Fields,  by  cultivating  Parfley,  will 
draw  all  the  Hares  of  the  Coonlry 
to  them. 

The  beft  time  for  fowing  it  in  the 
Fields  is  about  the  Middle  or  Lat- 
ter-end of  February  ;  the  Ground 
fhould  be  made  fine,  and  the  Seeds 
fown  pretty  thick,  in  Drills  drawn 
at  about  a  Foot  afunder,  that  the 
Ground  may  be  kept  hoed  between 
the  Drills,  to  deflroy  the  Weeds, 
which,  if  permitted  to  grow,  will 
foon  over  -  run  the  Parfley  :  two 
Bufliels  of  Seed  will  fow  one  Acre 
of  Land. 

The  curled  Parfley  is  fown  in 
fome  curious  Gardens,  for  garnifli- 
ing  Difhes ;  the  Leaves  being  cu-^ 
rioufly  furbelow *d,  anfwer  this  Pur- 
pofe  very  well,   and  the  Herb  \% 

equally 


A  P 

cqoa&f  as  good  for  Ufe  as  the  com- 
mofl^  ic  being  only  a  Variety  thereof. 
In  order  to  hare  this  large  and  fine, 
it  ihould  be  Town  Tcry  thin,  or, 
when  it  firft  coraes  up,  hoe  it  oat  to 
the  Diftance  of  font  Inches  fquare; 
by  which  Mam^ement  yoor  Leaves 
will  be  extremely  large  and  fair; 
and,  if  you  do  not  faiFer  it  to  feed, 
will  cadore  two  Years  very  well ; 
bat  if  it  ieeds»  k  will  fddom  coa- 
Qoiie  good  after. 

The  great-rooted  Garden  Parfley 
ii  now  more  known  in  Eftglami  than 
it  was  fome  Years  ago :  in  Holland  it 
ii  very  commoD  in  all  their  Markets: 
they  bring  thefe  Roots  in  Bunches, 
SB  we  do  yoang  Carrots,  to  Market, 
iiSanuner;  and  the  Roots  are  much 
ef  the  fame  Size :  it  is  called  Pe- 
unTeltne  Wortle  by  the  Dutchj  who 
are  very  fond  of  it. 

It  may  be  cultivated  by  fowing 
die  Seeds  in  good  Ground  early  in 
the  Spring  ;  and  in  Aprils  when 
the  Plants  are  up,  cut  them  out  with 
an  Hoe  (as  is  prailifed  for  young 
Carrots)  to  about  five  or  fix  Inches 
iqoare,  and  keep  them  conAantly 
dean  from  Weeds,  and  in  July  the 
KxK>ts  wiH  be  fit  to  draw  for  Ufe, 
and  may  be  boiled  and  eaten  as 
yoong  Carrots ;  and  are  very  pala- 
table and  wholfome,  efpeciaHy  for 
thofe  who  are.  troubled  with  the 
Gravel. 

But  if  thefe  Plants  are  cut  out, 
10  allow  them  more  room,  if  the 
Soil  is  good,  the  Roots  will  grow 
to  the  Size  of  a  middling  Parfnep 
hf  Sipttmber :  the  Roots  are  much 
Died  to  make  a  Dutch  Difh,  called 
Water  Sooche. 

Hie  Macedonian  Parfley  is  a 
Stranger  in  our  Country,  and  not 
to  be  found,  except  in  curious  Bo- 
tanic Gardens :  this  Plant  is  pro- 
pagated by  fowing  the  Seed,  in  the 
Spring  of  the  Year,   in  an  open 


A  P 

well  -  pxpofcd  Bed  of  Vrefh  Earth  r 
and  in  Summer,  wheh  the  Planta 
are  come  up,  they  ihould  be  tranf^ 
planted,  fome  of  them  into  Potar 
filled  with  light  frefh  Earth,  and 
others  into  a  weil-fhelterM  dry  Bor- 
der ;  where  they  may  remain  until 
they  flower,  which  is,  not  before  the 
fecond,  and,  fometimes,  the  third 
Year  ;  but  thofe  that  were  planted 
in  Pots,  fhould  be  flidtered  during 
the  Winter- feafon,  under  an  Hot- 
bed frame,  giving  them  free  opea 
Air  whenever  the  Weather  is  mild. 
Thefe  Plants,  in  the  Spring  follow- 
ing, may  be  turned  out  of  the  Pots 
into  the  full  Ground,  that  their 
Seeds  may  be  the  better  maturated. 

The  Anife  is  a  very  drfiicult  Plant 
to  make  grow  with  us  :  for  altho* 
we  have  frefti  Seeds  from  Abroad, 
which  will  often  come  up  very  wellj 
yet  if  there  happens  but  a  little  wet 
or  cold  Weather  in  the  Summer- 
time, the  Plants  will  rot  ofl^,  and 
die  away.  The  befl  Method  is,  to 
raile  the  Plants  upon  a  moderate 
Hot-bed  early  in  the  Spring ;  and 
when  they  are  come  up,  prick  them 
out  again  upon  another  Bed  that 
hath  a  little  Warmth,  obferving  to 
expofe  them  to  the  open  Air  by 
degrees ;  by  which  means  they  will 
have  more  Strength,  and  confe- 
quently  be  in  lefs  Danger  of  being 
hurt  by  bad  Weather:  but  this  Plant 
is  not  worth  propagating  for  Ufe 
in  England^  fince  we  can  have  the 
Seeds  much  better,  and  at  a  cheaper 
Rate,  from  Malta^  than  they  can 
be  produced  here. 

Smallage  is  a  common  Weed,  by 
the  Side  of  Ditches,  and  Brooks  of 
Water,  in  moft  Parts  of  England^ 
fo  that  it  is  feldom  cultirs^ted  in 
Gardens ;  but  if  any  Perfon  is  will- 
ing to  propagate  it,  the  Seeds 
ftiould  be  fown  foon  after  they  are 
ripe,  on  a  moifl  Spot  of  Ground  i 

and 


A  P 

mA  wkon  the  Plants  are  come  ttp, 
they  may  be  either  tranfplanted  into 
amoiHSoilj  or  hoed  out,  and  left 
fix  or  eight  Inches  afunder,  where 
they  may  remain  for  good.  The 
Seednof  this  Plant  is  one  of  the  lefler 
warm  Seeds,  and  both  that  and  the 
Herb  are  ufed  in  Medicine. 

The  Seeds  of  the  two  Sorts  of 
Celery  ihould  be  fown  at  two  or 
three  different  times,  the  better  to 
continue  it  for  Ufe  through  the 
whole  Seafon  withoat  running  up 
to  Seed.  The  £rft  Sowing^  ihould 
be  in  the  Beginnihg  of  March^  upon 
a  gentle  Hot-bed  \  the  fecond  may 
be  a  Month  after,  which  ought  to 
be  in  an  open  Spot  of  light  Earth, 
where  it  may  enjoy  the  Benefit  of 
die  Sun :  the  third  time  of  Sowing 
fhould  be  the  Beginning  of  A%, 
which  ought  to  be  in  a  poift  Soil ; 
and  if  expofed  to  the  morning  Sun 
only,  it  will  be  fo  much  the  better ; 
but  it  ihould  not  be  under  the  Drip 
of  Trees. 

In  about  threeWeeks  or  a  Month's 
time  after  Sowing,  the  S^ed  will 
come  up,  when  you  muft  carefully 
clear  it  from  Weeds ;  andiftheSea- 
Ibn  prove  dry,  you  muft  frequently 
water  it ;  and  in  about  a  Month  or 
five  Weeks  after  it  is  up,  the  Plants 
will  be  fit  to  tranfplant :  you  muft 
therefore  prepare  fome  Beds  of  moift 
rich  Earth,  in  which  you  ihould 
prick  thcfe  young  Plants,  at  about 
three  Inches  fquare,  that  they  may 
grow  ftrong :  you  muft  alfo  obferve, 
in  drawing  thefe  Plants  out  of  the 
Seed-beds,  to  thin  them  where  they 

frow  too  thick,  leaving  the  fmall 
lants.  to  get  more  Strength  before 
they  are  tranfplanted;  by  Which 
means  one  and  the  fame  Seed- bed 
will  afibrd  t^ree  different  Plantings, 
which  will  accordingly  fucceed  each 
other  for  Ufe. 


A  P 

You  muft  obferve,  if  the  Seafon 
proves  dry,  to  keep  it  diligently 
watered  after  it  is  tranfplanted,  as 
alfo  to  clear  the  Seed-beds  from 
Weeds ;  and  after  tvtry  Drawing, 
keep  them  duly  watered,  to  encou* 
rage  the  fmall  Plants  left  therein. 

The  Beginning  of  May  fome  of 
the  Plants  of  the  firft  Sowing  will  be 
fit  to  tranfplant  for  Blanching  ; 
which,  if  pofiible,  (hould  be  put  in* 
to  a  moift  rich  light  Soil,  upon  which 
this  firft-planted  Celery  will  often 
grow '  to  be  twenty  Inches  long  in 
the  dean  blanch'd  Parts,  which  up- 
on a  poor  or  dry  Soil  feldom  riles 
to  be  ten  Inches. 

The  manner  of  tranfplanting  it  is 
as  follows  :  After  having  cleared  the 
Ground  of  Weeds,  you  muft  dig  a 
Trench  by  a  Line  about  ten  Inches 
wide,  and  four  or  ^vt  Inches  deep, 
loofening  the  Earth  in  the  Bottom, 
and  laying  it  level ;  and  the  Earck 
that  comes  out  of  ^  Trench  ihould 
be  equally  laid  on  each  Side  of  the 
Trench,  to  be  ready  to  draw  in 
again  to  earth  the  Celery  as  it  ad- 
vances in  Height.  Thefe  Trenches 
ihould  be  made  at  three  Feet  Di- 
ihmce  from  each  other ;  then  plant 
your  Plants  in  the  Middle  of  the 
Trench,  at  about  four  Inches  Di- 
ftance,  in  one  Arait  Kow,  having 
cut  off  the  Tops  of  the  long  Leaves, 
as  alfo  trimmM  their  Roots,  obferv- 
ing  to  ciofe  the  Earth  well  to  their 
Roots,  and  to  water  them  plentifully 
until  they  have  taken  frefti  Root ; 
after  which  time  it  will  be  needlefs, 
except  in  dry  Soils,  or  very  dry  Seau 
fons :  as  thefe  Plants  advance  in 
Height,  you  muft  obierve  to  draw 
the  Earth  on  each  Side  clofe  to  them, 
being  careful  not  to  bury  their 
Hearts,  nor  ever  to  do  it  but  in  dry 
^Veathcr,  otherwife  the  Plants  will 
rot. 

When 


A  P 

Whftn  yonr  Fltnn  luire  advanced 
a  confiderable  Height  above  the 
7>eacheSy  and  all  the  Earth,  which 
was  laid  oa  the  Sides  thereof,  h^th 
been  employed  in  earthing  them  up ; 
joQ  mttft  then  make  afe  of  a  Spade 
to  d^  up  the  Earth  between  the 
Tiwdics^  which  niaft  alfo  l^e  made 
tie  of  for  the  fitme  Purpofe,  conti- 
nuing from  time  to  time  to  earth  it 
vp,  until  it  is  fit  for  Ufe. 
'  The  ihrftofyour  planting  out  >^l9 
perhaps,  be  fit  for  Uic  by  the  Be- 
cuming  of  July ;  and  To  this  will  be 
ucceeded  by  the  after  Plantations, 
aad,  if  rightly  managed,  will  con- 
dnae  dll  JfHi ;  bat  you  (hould  ob- 
fenre.  after  the  fetond  or  third  plant- 
ing out,  to  plant  the  Aftercrop  in 
I  drier  Soil,  to  prevent  its  being 
rotted  with  too  much  Wet  in  Win- 
ter ;  and  alfo,  if  the  Weather  Ihould 
prove  extreme  (harp,  you  will  do 
wtll  to  cover  your  Ridges  of  Celery 
with  fome  Peas-haulm,  or  fome  fuch 
fij^t  Covering,  which  will  admit 
toe  Air  to  the  Plants ;  for  if  they  are 
tovercd  tbo  clofe,  they  will  be  very 
fubjed  to  rot :  by  this  means  you 
aiay  preferve  your  Celery  in  Seafon 
along  time ;  but  you  muft  remem- 
ber to  take  off  the  Covering  when- 
ever the  Weather  will  permit,  other- 
wife  it  will  be  apt  to  caufc  the  Ce- 
lery to  pipe,  and  run  to  Seed.  The 
Cdery,  when  fully  blanchM,  will  not 
oondnne  good  above  three  Weeks 
or  a  Month  before  it  will  rot  or  pipe : 
therefore,  in  order  to  continue  it 
good,  you  (hould  have*  at  leaft,  fix 
or  feven  different  Seafons  of  plant- 
ing ;  fo  that  if  it  be  only  intended 
to  fupply  a  Family,  there  need  not 
be  much  planted  at  each  time ;  but 
this  muft  be  proportioned  accoidiwg. 
to  the  Quantity  required. 
^  The  other  Sort  of  Celeiy,  which 
is  commonly  called  Celeriac,  is  tQ 
it  mtuuLged  in  the  (ame  manner  as 


A  P 

is  dir^d^ed  for  the  ItaHmt  Celery^ex* 

cepting  th^t  this  (hould  be  planted 
upon  the  level  Ground,  or  in  very 
fliallow  Drills  {  for  this  Plant  fe)* 
doro  growft  above  eight  or  ten  Inches 
high,  fo  requires  but  little  earning 
up ;  the  great  Excellence  of  this  be- 
ing in  the  Size  of  the  Root,  which 
is  often  as  laree  as  ordinary  Tur- 
neps.  It  (hottld  be  fown  about  the 
Middle  of  March,  upon  a  rich  Bor« 
der  of  Earth ;  and,  in  dry  Weather, 
con(bnt1y  watered;  otherwife  tho 
Seeds  wili  not  grow:  when  the  Plants 
are  large  enough  to  tranfplant  put, 
they  (hOuld  be  j^laced  i8  Inchea 
afunder.  Row  from  Row,  and  the 
Plants  iix  or  eight  Inches  dillant  in 
the  Rows ;  the  Ground  mud  bf  care* 
fully  kept  clean  from  Weeds ;  but 
this  Sort  will  require  but  one  earth* 
ing  up,  which  (hould  not  be  per- 
formed until  the  Roots  are  nearly 
grown :  both  thefe  Sorts  of  Celery 
Relight  in  a  light  moift  Soil,  where 
they  will  grow  to  a  much  larger  Size, 
and  be  fweeter  or  tenderer  than  on  a 
poor  or  dry  Ground. 

The  beft  Method  to  fave  this 
Seed,  is  to  make  choice  of  fome 
long  good  Roots  of  Celery  that  have 
not  been  too  much  blanched,  and 
plant  them  at  about  a  Foot  afunder 
in  a  moift  Soil,  early  in  the  Spring  s 
and  when' they,  run  qp  to  Seed,  ki;ep 
tb«bi  fupported  with.  Stakes,  to  pre* 
vent  their  being  broken  down  with 
the  Wind  :  and  in  Ju/j,  when  this 
Seed  begins  to  be  formed^  if  the  Sea- 
fon (hould  prove  very  dry,  it  will  be 
proper  to  give  it  a  little  Water, 
which  will  greatly  help  its  produce- 
ing  good  Seeds.  In  Jitgtt/  the(fl 
Seeds  will  be  ripe,  at  which  time  it 
(hould  be  cut  up,  in  a  dry  time,  and 
fpread  upon  Qoths  in  the  Sun  to 
dry  ,'  then  beat  out  the  Seeds,  and 
preferve  i(  diy  in  B^fs  fot  Ufe» 


H 


APO- 


A?  AT 

APOCnCTJM,  Doffhum.  Bst.    The  tktMbj  apn^  l>og^ 

ThtCb^raSinwtti  bane.  With  lOUBdiii  g^»i  LcmTei. 

fSsr  I^tfCtfy  ivf  fndaad  9ffofae^        6.  Arocmiric  ereOmm  Jffricgk^ 

if  Fairs f   af9m  shi  BrMubet:    tht  mum^  fi!i»  fmlicU  attpi^  gl^rm^  fi^^ 

ttmver  C9nfijl$  cf  tmi  Leaf^  n»hich  it  8m  vtUoff.  Par.  Bat.     The  opri^liC 

9Mi  iMt0  /(tnftral  StfmfUs  :  frtm  itt  willovr  -  leaved  Jfruam  Dpgs-fasn^ 

ft»wtr*€iif  arifis  w  FnttttJ^  which  with  hairy  Fniir. 
h  fixtd  likt  a  Vail  in  tht  back  Pari         7.  ArocTMUM  Jfrmm  fi^mdemi^ 

tf  the  Flower f    attd  it   aftemvard  ftlh  rUmnJo 


ihamgid  into  a  Fruity  which  it,  ftr    Boerh.  The  Jfricatt  creeping  I>og^ 


fhe  tmfi  fori,  comprfcd  af  two  Cap-  bane,    with  LeaTes    like 

fiikt^  9r  Fads,  which  9fiH  frwm  the  won. 

Bafc  i$  the  7cp,  incUfing  manj  Seeds^        S.  AFocTNirif  crtSam^  AMm 

which  have  a  hag  faff  out  Down  ad-  tango,  fiorc  umheUato^  foUuis  cam* 

hiring  to  them :  to  this  taay  ho  added,  stds  reJUxis.   Sloan,  Cat.     The  mp^ 

That  the  whole  FlsuU  abounds  with  a  rightDogs-^bane^with  oblong  Leaves* 

ttulh  Juice,  and  fcarkt  Flowers,  calkd  bj  ftmie 

There  are  fereral  Sorti  of  this  Baftard  Tpecacuana. 
Plaat  coltirated  ia  the  curioas  Gar-        9.    Apocym um  Canadea^e  mmgW' 

dees  of  Plantf,  fome  of  which  are  ftifiUmn,  Jlore  aurantii.  Mar.  Fraei. 

very  beautiful,  and  deferve  a  Place  The  narrow-lcavM  Canada  Apocj- 

in  erery  ttood  Garden.  I  (hall  men-  nnm,  with  orange<oionred  rlow- 

tion  die  afferent  Sfecies  of  this  Plant,  crs. 

which  are  cultivated  in  the  Engli^        10.    Apocynum    MarjlanSaiat 

Gardens,  and  fhall  leave  the  Rntder  ereSmm,  folio  fibrotnndo,  Jlore  rubor- 

10  feleft  foch  of  them  as  he  ihall  rimo.  The  upright  Maryland  Dogs- 

iuify  to  cultivate.  bane.with  roundifh  Leave^and  deep- 

$,  Arocrnvu  ercSnm  latifilinm  red  Flowers. 
incetsttm  Syriacmn,  Jloribns  farws  oh*         11.  Apocv M UM  Americamtm,  fi- 

folete  furfnra/tcntibus.     Pen-,  Bat.  bis  amygdali  longioribnt.  Pimm,  Cost, 

The  upright  broad-Ieav*d  hoary  Sy-  American  Dogs-oane,  with  a  longer 

rials  Dogs-btne.  with  purpli^-co-  Almond-leaf, 
loured     Flowers,      called     Bede/'^        tt,  A?ocrvvuJmericannm/can' 

far,  dens  hir/siti^msm,foliis  ohlongis,  fiR^ 

a.  ApocXM VM  ireSam  Canadtnfe  fuis  maximis  glabris,  Qimbing  hairy 

magnftifolium.   Par,  Bat,     The  up-  Dogs-bane  of  America,    with  long 

rigAt  narrow-leaved  Canada  DogS'  Leaves,  and  large  fmooth  Pods, 
bane.  i^.  APoc yn u  m  Americ^mtmfcam' 

3.  AfOCYNVM  ereHum  Canadenfe  dens,  folio  cordato,  fruRu  'verrnc^, 
latifolimn.  Par,  Bat.  The  broad-  Climbing  American  Dogs-bane,  with 
leavM  upright  Canada  Dogs-bane.  an  heartfliaped  Leaf,  and  a  warted 

4.  Apocynum  Amoricanum,  fo*  Fruit. 

tie  androfami  mcjoris,  fore  lilii  con*         I4.AP00YNVM  Americannm feast' 

^^lUnmfittn)t'rubeniis.  H.R.P.  The  dens,foliis  longis  anguftis  ad  bafin  am* 

American  Dogs- bane,  with  Tutfan-  ricmlatis,  fiUquis  emeri.     Climbing 

leayesy  and  red  Flowers,  like  the  Atmericam  Dogs-bane,  with  long  nar- 

Lily  of  the  Valley.  row  Leaves,  which  have  Ears  at  their 

5.  Ato'cynvm  er€0um  frutico^  Bafe,  and  Pods  like  the  Scorpioa- 
ftstn^  folio  fubrotu9dowridani4^  Par,  ftha. 

7  15,  Afo- 


AP  A? 

If  APOcrufimjhmruaMM/t/ieM''  the  nant^nd  letting  the  mUkj  Jjiice» 

dtm,  foiia  citri.  fiiiput  mmcMhH$n  wkh  which  th^y  abound,  ron  u}x>a 

Hm.     Climbii^  jUmumm  Oo^k  the  tender  Part  of  their  Fiefli,  which 

bne,  with  Citraii4Mv«i»  mi  (fot-  wiU  be  apt  to  blifter  it :  thefeFlow- 

ihI  Pidt.  ers  «Fe  ibnietimcs  fucceeded  by  larg« 

iS.AyocrvvuJmmeatnmfiM^  oVoo^  Pods,  wbkh  contaia  a  great 

dm,  mtca  prvmc4f  fiim%  fiifuis  QMaouty  of  a  ibft  cottony  SubHance^ 

mfffiifimu.     Oimbing    Jkiuricmm  that  adheres  to  the  Seeds,  and  are  of 

Ikgi-faaae^  with  I^eares  Uke  Peri-  Serviee  to  tranfport  them  to  a  Di- 

wmk^  and  narrow  Podt.  ftance  when  ripe.    This  PJant  diet 

17.  Apocmvai  ^^ctmm  fim^"  to  the  Root  in  Wioter,and  rifes  again 
km^  tf^MeU  ntiee^  mgrn^^jfimfi-  the  iycceediag  Spring.  The  down/ 
b.OUkm.  Qlimhm%4fnc4m^^  Sobftaaoe  which  adheses  to  the  Seedt 
hue,  with  no  AiQ|diodit-root,  and  4  of  thia  Plant,  is  much  ufisd  in  France 
Ii7  nacrew  JLcaf.  for  ftttfing  the  Seau  of  Chairs,  as 

18.  Apoctkum  jAwriV4M««i>£«e»  al,o  to  Ana  Quilts,  it  being  extr;  me* 
Atoy/MiM  AvrsV^hrr  «A»  nwM£a/#.  ly  light  and  warm.  This  Down, 
Mm.  Cliiilbii^^  Jmrntrnm  Ooga-  having  a  great  ElaHicity,  rifes  again 
kiK,  with  a '  Bay -leaf,  and  whim  to  it$  iiiuai  Height,aftBr  being  preis*d 
Rowtn  growiiig  in  Umbeb.           .  down  doft :  it  )a  called*  in  France^ 

im^filkfuUcis  tutp^^fntQuwui^       The  fircond,  third,  fonrth,  and 

MM.  CHmbiag.44M^tfit  Dop  bane,  teothSorts  are  all  of  chem  veryhard/, 

liih  a  nanow  WiUow-leaf,  «id  a  and  may  be  planted  in  the  opea 

itty  iaige  Fnnt.  ground,  b«t  muft  have  a  dry  Soil ; 

so.  ApoCYWUMxf^irr/iRapaaisFtfiae-  theie,  ail  of  them»  produce  large 

te,  fdlicii  fiUm^  /Ima  fmrpurm,  C.  fine  Flowers,  and  are  propagated  by 

1.  P.    Mantiflae  ^imcf  D^gikbane,  pa^tii^  their  Rooo  in  M^rcb^  aftea 

with  a  Wilkiw*k^»  and  a  pnrple  the  cold  Weather  is  pait ;  for  they 

flower.  icldom  produce  ripe  Seeds  with  us. 

Tbefirft  of  tlioie  Dog-banes  is       The  fifth,iixth,fevemh,  and  eighth 

tpodigioas  Creeper  at  the  ltoot»  Sorts  are  tender,  and  muft  be  pre^* 

iMlwiirin  a  Aiort  time  overfpread  ferved  in  Pots,  and  hoa&d  in  Win* 

s  kigc  Cowpait  o^  Ground,  and  tcr. 

mi  never  -be  planted  too  near  other        The  ifth  and  fixth  Sorts  will  grew 

Hants  or  Flowers,  which  wouid  be  very  ihrubby,  and  fometimes  to  the 

OTer-nm  by  this  PhuK^  and  deftroy^  Height  of  eight  or  nine  Feet,  and 

td}  bat  it  may  ha»te  a  Place  in  fome  produce  Bunches  of  Flowers,  which 

obfcwe  Part  of  the.Gard(en«  for  it  in  the  fixtk  Sort  are  of  a  wbitiA« 

h  OBticniely  hasdy,  and  wiU  ihriye  green,  and  the  fifth  of  a  worn-out 

hiakieft  any  Sol  m  Situatioa  :  it  purple  Colour,  buti^re  of  no  great 

pews  to  be  fix  or  feven  Feet  highj^  Beauty  or  Smdl.     Thefe  are  in- 

tidpiodacealci^ge  Umbels  of  Flow-  creaied  by  planting  Cuttings  in  anjr^ 

VV vhMJi  have  a^nmgfweet Smell,  of  the  Summer-monthe,  in  Pots  of' 

^BBcofapoiiiMousNataw^asare  light  landy  Earth,  plunging  them 

>&  the  tme  Apocymims ;  and  there*  into  n  moderate  Hot-bed,  and  (hade- 

^  ihoold  net  be  pleated  in  the  ibg  tbem  from  the  gm^  Heat  of  the 

^sy  of  Chtldrea,  who  may  mcetve  Sun,  giving  them  gentle  Refrefhinp 

wage  by  hrcakingai^  fux  of  ojf  Wat9     TMe  qiuft  ha^e  a  good 

H  t  Green- 


A  P 

6reen-lioiife  in  Winter,  and  tniift' 
not  have  too  much  Water  in  that 
Seafon. 

'  The  ferenth  Sort  is  a  climbing 
Plant,  and  will  twift  itfelf  round  a 
Stake,  and  grow  to  the  Height  of 
fcven  or  eight  Feet,  and  in  Summer 
will  produce  from  the  Joints  fmail 
Umbels  of  worn-out  purple- coloured 
Flowers,  which  are  extremely  fweet. 
This  is  propagated  by  layine  down' 
the  young  Sboon;  which  eamy  take- 
Root,  or  by  parting  the  Roots  of 
the  old  Plants. 

The  eighth  Sort  is  the  moft  tender 
of  them  all,'  and  requires  a  mode-< 
rate  Stove  to  prcfcr\'e  it  in  Wmtcr:' 
this  produces  extreme  beautiful 
orange- coloured  Flowers, which  often 
are  fuccceded  ■  by  ripe  Seeds.  This 
Plant  may  be  increafed  by  planting 
die  Cuttings  in  June^-m  a  moderate 
Hot  bed;  but  muft  have  little  Wa- 
ter, and  be  fecuird  from  the  violent 
Heat  of  the  Sun,  and  the  Cold  of 
the  Nights :  but  the  bcft  Way  to' 
propagate  them  is  by  fowing  the 
Seeds  in  an  Hot-bed  in  M'trcb ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  prick 
them  into  fmall  Pots,  and  plunge 
them  into  another  Hot- bed,  to  bring 
them  forward  ;  and  in  yune  you  may 
begin  to  expofe  them  to  the  'Open 
Air,  at  which  time  they  will  begin- 
to  flower ;  but  it  will  be  advifeable 
tb  preferve  one  or  two  of  the  ftrong-' 
eft  in  the  Hotbed,  in  order  to  pro- 
cure good  Seeds. 

The  ninth  Sort  is  tolerably  hardy, 
and  only  requires  to  be  fcreened  from 
the  extreme  Cold  in  Winter  ;  and  if 
it  IS  planted  into  the  full  Ground, 
nnder  a  warm  WaU,  it  will  thrive 
very  well,  and  continue  feveral 
Years;  whereas  thofe  in  Pots  are 
with  great  Diffieultypreferved.  This* 
Plant  produces  Ineautiful  Umbels  6f 
orange-colour'd  Flower8,which  abide 
moil  l^arc  of  the  Mdnthi  of  yufy  an4» 


A  p 

Jhtpifti  and  defenre  a  Place  in  tlie 
moft  curious  Garden.  This  is  {»fo« 
pagatcd  hy  parting  the  Roots  ia 
htxrtb^  or  fowing  the  Seedsi  which 
in  a  good  Seafon  ripen  tolerably  wcli 
with  us. 

This  Sort  hto  not  a  milky  Joicc^ 
which  is  common  co  all  the  Dogs* 
banes ;  and  the  leaves  being  placed 
alcerrately  on  the  Stalks,  which  ia 
all  the  true  Dog»- banes  are  placed 
oppofite  by  Pairs,  fome  Perfons  have 
removed  ic  from  the  Geiia&  of 
Dogs-  bane^  and  have  made  a  fpu* 
rious  Genus  of  it,  by  the  Name  of 

The  eleventh,  twelfth,  thirteenth^ 
fourteenth,  tifceenth,  fixtcenth^  Jiine* 
teenth,  and  twentieth  Sorts  were  feot 
me  by  the  late  Mr.  RAert  MUUr 
from  Cartbugeiuiy  in  the  Neighbour- 
hood of  which  Place  they  grew. 
Thefe  climbing  Sorts  of  Dog84>aiie 
run  over  Hedges  and  climb  to  the 
Top  of  the  tailed  Trees  in  their  na« 
tive  Coumi-ies  \  but  in  England  they 
require  a  warm  Stove,  to  preferve 
them  through  the  Winter,  as  they 
are  Natives  of  a  warm  Climate. 

They  may  be  ealily  raifed  from 
Seeds,  which  fiiould  be  fown  on  an 
Hot-bed  in  the  Spring ;  and  when 
the  Plants  are  fit  to  tranfpiant,  they 
ihrould  be  each  planted  in  a  fmali 
Pot,  and  plunged  into  a  moderate 
Hot>bcd  of  I'anners  fiark,  obferv* 
ing  to  fliade  cfaem  until  they  have 
taken  Root ;  afterward  they  flioold 
have  free  Air  admitted  to  them  every 
Day  In  warm  Weather,  and  be  duly 
watered.  When  tiie  Plants  have 
grown  too  tail  to  Mmmn  in  the  Hot^ 
bed,  they  nay  be  removed  into  idbe 
Bark-ftove;  and'  during  the  Sum* 
mer-time^  they  muft  have  a  krger 
Share  of  Air  admitted  to  them;  but 
in  Winter  the  Stove  muft  be  kept  ta 
temperate  Heat.  Thefe  Plants  are 
great  Ranjblctf  i  ^  that  jf  they  are 

BOt 


AQ 

net  prevented,  they  will  dimb  over 
all  the  Plants  in  the  Stove ;  aod  as 
they  fddom  fiower^they  are  not  very 
omatDefital. 

The  Roots  of  the  eighth  Sort 
have  been  ignorantly  given  for  the 
IpecKuana,  which  haa  been  attend-' 
cd  with  very  bad  EfFedp. 

Tile  eighteenth  Sort  may  be  treat- 
ed in  the  lame  manner  *as  hath  been 
dircded  for  the  other  climbing 
Sorts. 

The  twentieth  Sort  is  pretty 
hardy,  growing  wild  on  the  Borders 
of  the  Sea  about  Feiiice.  This  may 
he  preferved  in  Pots,  and  (bettered 
aader  an  Hot  bed- frame  in  Winter; 
and  in  Summer  expofed  with  other 
hardy  Exotic  Plants. 

APPLE-TREE.    FUe  Mains. 

APPLES  of  Love.  Fide  Lyco- 
perficon  6e  Solan  am. 

MAD  APPLES.     Fidi  MeloQ. 

APRICOCK,  or  Abricots  or,  in 
lo/iVy  Malus  Armeniaca.  Fidi  Ar- 
iDeniaca. 

AQUIFOLIUMJhrAgrifoUum, 
The  Holly-tree. 

The  CbaraBtrs  are; 

nt  Leantes  are  fei  akoui  the  Edges' 
vntb  hng  Jbarf  ft  iff  PrkkUt  f  the 
Btrries  are/mail^  round,  and^  fir  the 
mejl  fart,  •/  a  red  C§io»r,  contain* 
ifgfimr  trianguha^  ftriated  Seeds  in 

Th^  Species  are  \ 

I.  Aqu  I  FOLIUM  haccis  rntris,  H, 
L-  The  common  Holly,  with  red 
Berries. 

8.  A<^i FOLIUM  haccis  ixteis,  H, 
L    Yellowberried Holly. 

).  A  (^  I  FOLIUM  haccis  a/iis. 
White  berried  Holly. 

4.  A  qui  FOLIUM  fi/iij  ex  Ittteo 
variegasis.  H.  R  Far,  J^ifilium 
onrnm.     ^Mnnt.  II   163.      Yellcfw- 

Uotch*d  HoSly. 


J.  A^IFOLIVM  fJiii^est  aB9 
nmriegatis.  U,  L.  Whitc^iiotch'd 
Holly. 

'  6.  A^  I  FOLIUM  echinmtafiiiijif* 
ferftcie.  Com.  1 80.  Hedghog  Holly. 

7*.  AqyiFOLiVM  ichitsatmfiUlJu*  * 
ftrfkie,  fiHis  ex  lute§  varkgatis, 
Yellow-Uotch'd  Hedghog  HoUy. 

'  S.  A^iFOLiVM    eehinatm    foUi 
fnfetfide,  iimhis  aurits.  Gold*edgcd' 
Hedghog  Holly.' 

•  9.  Af^FiFOLiVM  ochinmta  fidii 
fiperficie^   iimhis  mrgenteis.     Silver— 

eaged  Hedghog  Holly. 

10.  Af^ltOtlVU  filiis  longiori* 
huty  Iimhis  (f  Jfffit  ex  mnico  tantmm 
latere  fer  foinm  argiuteofiSis.  .Plnk» 
Jim.  38.    B  ft  o  o  I  a  1  c  K  '*s  Holly/ 
Hfnige. 

It.    A<MllFOLtUM  fhliis  /uhro* 
tnndSs,  Umbis  (st  J^iitis  utrinqne  ar* 
genteis^  afuifiiinm  eiegans,   D.  DoS^ ' 
Sales.  Plmk,  Aim.  38*  EALBS*»Holly, 

12.  AqvITOUVU  fiiiis  oh/ongis- 
/neidis,   fptnis   &   Hmhis  argenieis. 

Sir  Thomas    FftANKUN's  Holly,' 
^mlg0. 

13.  Af^itOhtVM  fi/iis  ohUnp's,^ 
fi^nis  fst  hmhis  argenteis,  Bertfitd^ 
finre  white  Holly. 

•  14.  A<^ I FOLIU M  fihis  fihrohpf 
dis,  Iimhis  argenteis,  fyinmlis  is^  mar* 
ginalihus  purpurafcentihsu,  BftXOG*- 
MAn's  Holly,  vuigo, 

15.  AquiFOLiUM  filiis  ohiongis, 
fiinis  £«f  Iimhis  fln^efcentihus.  LoKO- 

stapfH  beft  Holly^  va^9« 

16.  A<^iFOLtvM^/rVi  ohUngis 
lucidisy/pinis  (f  Iimhis  assreis,  BftAB* 
LEY*s  beft  Holly»  nfulge. 

17.  A(^iP0LlUM/*///i  ohhngis, 
fyims  ^  Iimhis  aureis.  Wist*s Holly, 
'vulg'. 

•  18.  Pi(^\M0'L\r3Vi  ^xtHis  ftthrotim* 
dis,  fptnis  mmorihus^  foliis  ex  lutio 
elegantiffime  'variegatis.  The  Bri' 
tijh  Holly,  ir.tlgn. 

H  3  19.  Ao^n- 


ACL. 

rWi.    Bagfifot  Holly,  vmlgo. 

fiimi  a  iimhis  Jf0ifif€i^ihu.  Glory 
of  the  EaA  Holly, 'vjf//*. 

z  1 .  A<^i  I FO LI  u  M  ,^M  oilngij^ 

Hfgatis.    Gloiy  of  tfao  Waft  HoUy» 

22.  A<^riPOLluif  fdUU  fihr^iw 
dfif  ffims  &  A'Wv4  mmtHs*  AslbA 

Holly,  v»4tf. 

hjf  /'im.  '<^  limhU  targmtiu*  The 
Union  1  o>'v»  fjulgQ, 

24.  A^ivohivu  fiiii J  ^  J^ms 
maj9rihuit  limhis  Jfuv^ctntibut^  Fiat 
pHYLLif-bolly,  <uulgo, 

2{ .  Aoul po  L I V M  fiiiis  minori' 
Itu^J^niiKSf  iiwiiu  argeutii*.  Paint- 
cd-liuiy  Hoily,  «ir{{^«. 

26.  A^iPOi^iUM  y^iSfi/  mngufit" 
9rihu$^Jpinis  iff  limhiffinniefcemtiiuj. 
FuLLS&VCream-hollys  v«^. 

27.  A (^n  Po Li  u  M  yi/rii  Mptigis^ 
gx  iute9  ist  aare^  eiigatUifime  van* 
tgato.    Milk-maid  Holly,  nfulg9, 

28.    A(^;iFOLIVM  /9/rVif  9M§ng1S 

viriiUhtSt  maculit  argemteit  Miatis. 
Cafbl*s  mottled  Holly,  vw/go, 

29.  Aqv I po u  1/ M  y»/fVi  Moiigh^ 
fiinu  ff  limbit  luttis.  PAaTRioci^A 

HoUy»  vulgq. 

30.  ki^woiAitu  foliii  pihigU^ 
J^hUi  IS  limhs  Hrgiuttis,     Mason^s 

cofper-coloor^d  Holly,  nmlg$. 

31.  A^ipoLiUM  fiiiis  parnfft^ 
int$rdKm  <tr#  ffiwfo.  Box-leav*d 
Holly,  'vulg9. 

32.  AqyiPOtiVM  filiii  fafnMi^ 
intirduH  nnx  ffimfis^  iimiii  UU^ 
rum  urgtniatit,  WHiTMiLL^sHoUy, 
njulg9, 

33.  AqyiPOLiVM    C4ardimitkft^ 
fiJiii  JewtatiSf  bacds  riArif,     Catefi. 
Carolina  Holly,  with  fmooch  Leaves, 
commonly  caUed  DaJ^iUIh^ 

^^        '     •     ,1    v.-    ...       -  '5 


AO. 

Thif  eonnoa  Holly-tree,  tfaooch 
wild  in  many  Parts  of  EmgUud^  ae« 
ferves  a  Place  in  large  Gardens,  be^ 
sng  very  ornanientat  to  the  Wilder* 
nds,  and  ever- green  Garden ;  eijpe* 
dally  when  we  take  in  the  large  va- 
riety of  beaatifol  vari^ated  SortSp 
of  which  we  have  a  mnch  greater 
Number  than  it  to  be  jbnnd  in  «ny 
Cut  of  Enrapt :  theie  are  all  difl?ii- 
flufiied  by  the  diffierent  Names  oi^ 
we  Perfons  who  iirft  obfervM  them, 
or  from  tha  Plaees  where  they 
grew. 

I  have  feen  in  one  Garden,  wa. 
Mn  Cbriftwfher  Gray%  aear  A/- 
i««r,  above  thirty  difoent  Varieties, 
which  are  either  ftrip*d  or  blotched 
with  White,  Yellow,  or  Copper-co- 
lour. 

Thefe  IVees  were  formeriy  la 
macb  greater  Reqaeft  than  at  pre- 
fent,  and  there  was  fcarcdy  a  fm^l 
Garden  of  any  Worth,  but  was  fiird 
with  them,  which  were  dmpM 
dther  into  Pyiamids,  BaUs,  or  tome 
other  Fieures ;  bot  as  this  was  croud- 
ing  a  darden  too  much  with  one 
Sort  of  Plant,  and  the  Faihion  of 
dipped  Greens  going  off,  they  are 
now  almoft  wholly  negledled :  fnch 
are  the  Changes  in  Mens  Tempera 
and  Fancies,  that  what  is  one  Year 
efieemed,  is  the  next  defpiied  f 

I  .would  not  here  be  thoiwht  to 
be  an  Advocate  for  cKppM  Trees : 
no ;  I  am  infinitely  naore  delighted 
wi;h  a  Tree  in  all  its  Luxoriancy  of 
Branches,  waving  about  with  every 
GuSt  of  Wind;  but  yet  I  think  there 
is  a  great  Beauty  in  thefe  Trees,  if 
rightly  difpofed  in  a  Garden^  but 
more  efpedally  in  fucb  as  are  of  a 
large  Extent,  by  bdng  intermixed 
with  other  Sorts  of  Ever*greens«  to 
farm  Clumps,  or  placed  in  Quarters 
of  Ever-greens»  or  to  border  woods, 
and  the  Sides  of  Wildemefs-qjttanerv 

or 


AQ^  ACL, 

•r  to  ihiit  in  evergreen  Hedgey ;  in  durable  ftrong  Hedge,  and  rtry  pr^ 

al  iriuch  Placet  the^  ha?e  an  agree*  per  for  aa  ontiide  Fence  of  a  Green^ 

able  Eieft.  garden. 

AH  tke  varienrted  Sorts  are  pro-        The  befi  rime  for  tranfplantisK 

filiated  bjrboddmg  or  grafting  them  this  Tree  is  in  the  Beginning  of 

on  the  plain  Holfy-ftocks :  the  be$  j^/^  in  dhaifi  Weather ;  and  u  the 

ibne  for  budding  them  is  in  ^u/j,  Seafon  is  good,  and  they  are  care- 

tnd  for  grafting  them,  in  Uarc6  or  full^  removed,  there  will  be  Httia 

J^l  Danger  of  their  gro^ng :  they  may 

The  manner  of  raifing  the  com-  sdfo  be  tranfpianted  in  Augmft  or  Sef^ 

mon  Hollies  is  by  fowing  the  $er-  temhir^  if  the  Seafon  proves  moift, 

lies,  which,  if  fown  as  foon  as  ripe,  and  they  will  put  out  new  Roots  ht* 

will  lie  two  Years  in  the  Ground,  fore  Winter;' out  if  you  do  it  atthta 

dutt  if,    until  the  Sfpring- twelve-  Scafenyjotf  mnft  be  careful  to  mukk 

aMDch  itfcer ;  you  may  therefore  mix  the  OrO&nd  about  the  Roon,  to  keep 

the  Berries  with  dry  Sand,  and  put  the  Froll:  from  reaching  them  in 

them  m  a  large  QaHen-pot,  burying  Winter,  which  would  be  apt  to  de<* 

It  in  the  Ground  till  the  next  Jugujt  ftroy  your  new-planted  Trees, 
or  Septtmberi  and  take  them  out»        If  the  Trees  you  intend  to  remove 

and  fow  them  on  a  Bed  of  common  are  large,  and  have  becn^  growing 

Earth,  covering  the  Seeds  about  a  fome  rime  In  the  Places  where  they 

qoarteref  an  Inch  with  light  Mould,  ftand,  you  Ihould  dig  about  them, 

and  the  Spring  following  the  Plants  and  cut  their  Roots  a  Year  or  two 

wHi  appear  above-ground:  but  as  before,that  they  may  produce  young 

this  is  a  tedious  Method,  and  the  Fibres,    to  kef  p.  the  Earth  from 

young  Plants  making  bat  fmalf  Pro-  fidling  away  from  the  Roots ;  and 

fiefs  for  the  two  or  three  firfl  Years,  if  you  remove  them  to  any  I>if!ance^ 

1  would  rather  advife  the  purchaing  it  will  be  advifeable  to  put  them  into 

of  young  Stocks,  of  about  three  or  Baikets  i  and  when  yon  plant  them, 

four  Years  Growth,  of  fome  Nur-  you  may  either  cut  off  the  Sidles  of 

fery-men,  who  raife  them  for  Sale,  the  Baiket,or,  if  they  are  but  loofely 

and  thefe  will  be  fit  to  bud  or  graft  made,  fnffer  them  to  remain  inrire; 

the  lecond  Year  after  riiey  are  plant-  for  they  will  foon  rot  in  the  Ground* 
cd ;  or  yon  may  purchafe  fu^h  young        Yon  mxkh  alfo  be  very  careful  to 

Plants,   of  feveral  Kinds,   as  have  fiipply  your  new -planted  Hollies 

been  budded  ot  crafted  two  Years,  with  Water  for  the  two  firft  Yearj, 

which  are  general^  fold  very  reafon*  if  the  Seafons  prove  di^ ;  after  this 

ably  in  the  Nurferies  i  than  to  ha-^  time  there  will  be  little  Danger  of 

zard  the  budding  them  yourfelf,  efpe-  their  mifcarrying. 
cially  if  you  are  not  fure  of  being        The  great  Variety  of  variegated 

pro?ided  with  Cutrings  very  near  Hollies  which  were  fo  much  culti* 

you.  vated  in  the  Nurferies  fome  Years 

Hollies  are  alfo  plan  ted  forHedge?,  ago,  and  were  fold  for  large  Prices, 

and  have  been  l^  fome  very  much  are  now  almoft  inrirely  negle£led, 

efteemed  for  that  Purpofe ;  but  the  few  Perfons  caring  to  plant  them  in 

Leaves  being  very  large,  when  thefe  their  Gardens ;  nor  indeed  are  they 

Hedges  are  clippM,  they  are  gene-*  fo  beautiful  as  the  common  green 

rally  cut  in  Pieces,  and  appear  very  Holly,  which  is  alfo  much  more 

nzged;  otherwifc  they  make  a  ^try  hardy  than   the  variegated   Sorts 

H  4  which 


^hidk  in  fevere  Winters  are  often 
greatly  injured,  and  fometimes  killed, 
by  the  Froft. 

The  Dahoon  Holly  ts  a  Native  of 
Carolina,  from  whence  the  .Plants 
have  been  procured.  This  Sort  hath 
(booth  ihining  green  Leaves,  which 
are  as  large  as  thofe  of  the  Bay -tree ; 
and  having  a  beautiful  Green,  ren- 
ders it  one  of  the  beft  Kinds  of 
ever*green  Trees :  the  Berries  are 
produced  in  large  Clullers  dofe  to 
the  Branches,  which  are  of  a  bright* 
red  Colour,  and  make  a  fine  Ap- 
pearance when  they  are  ripe. 

TKisTree,  while  younjg,  will  re- 
quire a  little  Protedion  m>in  hard 
Froft  i  but  when  the  Plants  have  ob- 
tained Strength,  they  will  refill  the 
Cold  of  this  Climate  in  the  open 
Air.  They  love  a  Soil  rather  moift 
ihan  dry,  and  thrive  beft  where  chey 
are  fcreened  by  other  Plantations 
lorn  the  cold  Winds.  It  may  be 
i;ifed  from  the  Berries  in  the  lame 
z  anner  as  the  common  Sort. 

AQUILEQIA,  Columbine. 
The  C^m-a^irs  are ; 

//  haib  l^a^^ei  /He  thf  Meadnv' 
iti :  tbg  Fkwtrs  are  fenflulous^  and 
ej  an  anofnalotu  Figure :  the  Pifiil  ef 
tht  Fknuer  becomes  a  membraneous 
fjuit,  ^ofijtfti^g  «/*  maaj  Hujks  or 
P  ^s  ;  each  of  niQhich  cpntaint  ma^ 
/l  ning-bUck  Seeds* 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Aqv ILI.G1  A  J)I*uefiris.  C.  B. 
7  he  com'mon  wild  Columbine. 

2,  Aqu  I  LEG  I A  fle/Iata,  Jisre  nfio- 
Icceo.  Hort.  Eyft.  The  itaryy  Cp- 
lumbin^,  with  violet-cqloured  Flow* 


G%. 


3.  Aqwilecia  hortetrfis  Jwtplcx, 
C,  B,  The  fingle  Garden  colum- 
bine, 

4.  Aquilccia  montana^  magno 
flore.  C.  B.  Mountain-col umbiue, 
with  large  Flowers. 

5.  A(^iL£ClA  Qutadifffis  ptfC' 


COX  procerior.    H.  R.  Par^    Early-* 
flowering  Ca/mda  Columbine. 

6.  A  qu  I L  tc  I A  fusniU  precox  Ca^ 
nadenfis.  Comut.  Dwarf  early-iiow*i 
ering  Canada  Columbine. 

7.  A<^riLEGu  kortenjss  meJiipisje^ 
JUre  magno  ceeruUo,   C.  B*     Doubly 

Gsh'den-columbine,  with  large  blue 
Flowers. 

8.  Acivihzaih  Jlore  niariepuo  eUh' 
ptici.  Suvert,  Double  variegated  Co* 
lumbine. 

9.  AqviLSCiA  J!ore  rofeo  mtdti'- 
plici.  C.B,  P.  145.  The  Rofe-co« 
lumbine. 

10.  AqyiLVGiA  cafianea  coUrism 
Swvert*  Cheibut-coloured  Col9m<» 
bine. 

11.  A<^JILEGIA  hirfuta^  fiore  ovV 
fcofo,  Bot,  Monf.  Hairy  Columbine^ 

with  a  vifcous  Flower. 

12.  Aciv \\,ZG\ Si  flore  rofeo  mMd" 
tiplici,  C.  B»  P.  Double  Rofe-colum* 
bine. 

13.  A<^7ILE6IA  horiettfif,  mu&i* 
plici  fiore  iwverfo  eaeruleo.  Tourm. 
Garden-columbine,  with  a  blue  in- 
verted Flower. 

1 4.  Aqu  I  LEGi  A  fellata,  fiore  pur- 
pureo.  H.  Eyft,  Starry  Columbine, 
with  a  purplp  Flower. 

1$.  AqviLEGi A ftellatat fiore  tee" 
rsuleo,  H,Eyft.  Starry  Columbine^ 
with  a  blue  Flower. 

16.  AqyiLEGiAfteIlat4i,fiore'ua' 
riegato.  //.  Eyft,  Starry  Columbine, 
Y^ith  a  variegated  Flower. 

1 7 .  A  qM[j  I L  E  G I A  degener  ^irefcens, 
C.  B.  P.  Green  degenerate  Colum- 
biite. 

There  arc  great  Varieties  of  this 
]?]ant,  which  are  preferved  in  cu- 
rious hardens  ;  the  Flowers  of  which 
are  very  double,  and  beautifully  va- 
riegaicd  with  Blue,  V«rpie,  Red,  and 
Whit^.  Thefe  are  very  ornamental 
Plants  in  borders  of  large  Garden*, 
producing  their  beautiful  Flowers  in 
Ma\  and  Jusee ;  and  are  \try  pro- 
per 


A  Q_ 

per  to  mix  with  otlier  Flowers,  for 
fbcs  to  adorn  Ciiinneys  or  Hails»  at 
thatScafon. 

They  ^are  all  raifed  by  (owing  the 
Seeds,  or  parting  the  old  Roots  i  but 
the  former  Mcchod  is  chiefly  pra- 
€iakd ;  for  the  old  Roots  are  vtry 
ape  to  degenerate  after  they  have 
bJowa  two  Years,  and  become  quite 
plain. 

The  Seeds  ihoald  be  fown  in  a 
Norlcry-bed  in  Augufi  or  Sefitmheri 
for  the  Seeds  kept  till  Spring  leldom 
grow  well:  in  the  Af^rrifr  following 
yoar  yom^  Plants  will  appear  above- 
gfoond  ;  you  muft  therefore  clear 
them  from  Weeds,  and  if  the  Sca^ 
fon  Ihoald  be  dry,  refirefh  them  with 
Water,  that  they  may  gather 
Socngth. 

In  the  Beginning  of  May  thefe 
Plants  will  be  ftrong  enough  to  tranf- 
nlant;  you  muft  therefore  prepare 
lOBie  Beds  of  good  freih  undung'd 
Earth,  planting  them  therein  at  eight 
or  nine  Inches  Diftance  every  Way, 
keeping  them  clear  from  Weeds,  and 
idreihing  them  with  a  little  Water, 
IS  chey  may  require  it. 

At  Micbatlmas  you  may  remove 
tbem  into  the  Borders  of  the  Flower- 
garden,  and  the  May  following  they 
will  produce  Flowers ;  but  if  you  in- 
tend to  maintain  their  Roots,  you 
Aottid  not  fufier  them  to  feed,  but 
crop  off  all  their  Flower-ftems  as 
the  Flowers  are  paft. 

Bat  in  order  to  be  fare  of  having 
no  fingle  or  bad  Flowers  in  your 
Borders,  von  may  fuifer  them  to  re- 
main in  the  Nurfery-beds  nntil  they 
have  blown ;  at  which  time  you  mav 
ftick  a  Stake  by  each  Root  you  fan(y 
to  prefcrve,  and  pall  out  all  the  fin- 
gle or  bad- coloured  ones,  and  throw 
them  away,  cutting  off  all  the  Fiow- 
f^i  from  your  bcil  Roots  as  foon  as 
they  have  ihewn  themfelves,  which 
wiJl  greatly  add  19  the  prcfcrving 


them  fair  m  their  Colours;  a&^theit 
Roots  will  be  Urong  enough  to  di* 
vide  at  Mubailma*^  when  you  may 
tranfplant  them  into  your  Borders  i 
but  do  not  divide  them  too  (mall, 
which  will  weaken  their  Bloopi  cbe 
fucceedtng  Year. 

,  In  order  to  keep  up  a  SucceiCoA 
of  good  Flowers,  you  ihould  iom 
fre£  Seeds  tvtry  Year  ;  and  i(  yom 
can  meet  with  a  Friend,  at  Tome  Di- 
ftance,  who  is  fumifliM  with  good 
Flowers  of  this  Kind,  it  will  be  very 
advantageous  to  both  Parties,  to  ex* 
change  Seeds  once  in  two  Years  j  by 
which  means  they  will  not  bt  ape  to 
degenerate  into  plain  Colours. 

In  faving  the  Seeds  of  the  vari* 
^ted  Colombbestgreat  Care  (hould 
be  taken  not  to  uiffer  any  plain 
Flowers  to  remain  for  Seed  ;  there 
being  generally  fome  plain  Flower* 
iotermixed  with  the  ibriped  ones  in 
the  fame  Plant,  and  often  in  the  iamie 
Branches :  thefe  /hould  be  cut  off; 
for  if  they  are  permitted  to  feed, 
they  will  degenerate  into  plain  Co- 
lours }  fo  that  there  cannot  be  too 
much  Care  taken  in  faving  the  Seeds* 
where  the  Beauty  of  their  Flowen 
is  regarded. 

The  Rolf  Columbines  are  of  va- 
rious Colours ,  fome  of  which  ai« 
beautifully  variegated :  the  Flowen 
of  thefe  differ  in  their  Make  from 
the  common  Sort,  thefe  having  none 
of  the  horned  Petals,  but  only  plain 
ones ;  fuch  as  are  intermixed  with 
the  horned  ones  of  the  double  Flow- 
ers of  the  common  Sort ;  but  as  the 
Seeds  of  thefe  often  introduce  Planto 
of  the  common  Sort,  fo  we  may 
reckon  it  only  as  a  Variety  of  that ; 
.^thouffh,  from  Numbers  of  Trials,  I 
could  never  raife  one  of  thefe  from 
the  Seeds  of  the  common  Sort ;  but 
I  have  feveral  tiroes  had  the  com- 
mon Sort  raifcd  from  the  Seeds  of 


this. 


Tl;c 


A  R 

The  Ibny  Colombioe  dilFeri  from 
bock  the  others,  in  having  fharp- 

Sunted  Petals,  which  appear  like 
cJta7»of  a  ^tar :  of  this  Sort  diere 
mre  a  great  Variet7  of  Colours,  fome 
of  which  are  very  beaatifal :  thefe 
often  d^enerate  to  the  common  Co- 
lumbtnes,  in  the  fame  naaoer  as  the 
Roie-colambine }  bat  are  rarely  pro- 
duced from  the  Seeds  of  the  coamon 
Sort. 

The  two  Camada  Colmnbraes 
flower  almoft  a  Month  before  die 
odwr  Sorts ;  for  which  Reafon  they 
are  preferrod  sn  die  Gaidens  of  the 
Cnnous,  though  there  is  no  veij 
great  Beauty  in  their  Flowers.  Thefe 
larely  produce  good  Seeds  in  Eng- 
laMd^  fo  that  they  ait  only  propa- 
gated by  parting  of  their  Roots ;  but 
their  Seeas  may  be  procured  from 
Wtrgimay  where  they  grow  wild  in 
the  Woods. 

The  irft  Sort  grows  wild  in  the 
Woods,  in  fcTerat  Parts  of  England i 
but  particularly  about  Chatham  and 
MaUpone  in  Ktnt :  this  is  nlaced  in 
die  Catalogue  of  Medicinal  Plants ; 
bat  is  now  very  rarely  ufed  in  Phy- 
fic. 

The  fourth  Sort  I  found  growing 
wild  in  tbe  Park  of  Reiirt  Femv/ck^ 
E(q»  near  Ingleb$roMghi>iUf  in  Tork- 
Jbin, 

ARACHIS,   Bardi  or  Ground- 

SMtt. 

The  CiarMffirs  are  s 

A  hath  m  t^m-hhom  fltwir  :  thi 
tm^aiemtnt  is  S'oididini9  two  Parts : 
ih  fhmvr  is  fmccuded  ly  a  r$mgh  cy» 
bmkicai  Pod^  etmtaimng  ami  or  /ws 
€ffhuH€ai  Sitds. 

We  have  but  one  Spseiis  of  this 
nmt  p  wz, 

Aaaciiis.  Lin.  The  nacfivc  Coun* 
try  of  this  Plant,  I  befieve,  is  J/H- 
€a;  though,  at  pre&nt,  all  the  Set- 
tkmcncs  in  Ammca  abound  widi  it  3 


A  R 

but  mamr  Pcrfons,  who  hare  refided 
in  that  Country,  affirm,  they  wttt 
originally  brought  vnth  the;  Slavcf 
from  Africa  thither,  where  they  \aynt 
been  ^read  all  over  the  Settle* 
fflents. 

It  mnldplies  rerj  faft  in  a  warni 
Country  1  but,  being  impatient  of 
Cold,  it  cannot  be  propgated  in  the 
open  Air  in  England:  therefore  who- 
ever has  an  Indinadon  to  culdvato 
this  Plant,  muft  plant  tbe  Seeds  oa 
an  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring  of  the 
Year,keeping  it  covered  with  Glafles 
till  die  Middle  or  End  of  7i0w ;  after 
whic|i  dme,  if  fhe  Weather  proves 
warm^  they  may  be  expofed  to  tbo 
open  Air.  The  Bnmches  of  this 
Plant  trail  vpoii  the  Ground ;  and 
tbe  Plowen  (which  are  ydbw]  ane 
produced  iii^  upon  long  Poor- 
ftalks;  and  as  (boo  as  the  Flower 
begins  to  decay,  the  Gemun  is  thruft 
under-ground,  where  die  Pod  ia 
formed  and  ripened  1  fo  thatuntda 
the  Ground  is  opened,  they  never  api^ 
pear :  the  Negroes  kept  this  a  Secret 
among  themfeives ;  therefort  could 
fuppty  themfelves  with  thefe  Nuts 
unknown  to  their  Matters.  The 
Roots  of  thefe  Plants  are  annual? 
but  the  Nuts  under-ground  fuffici- 
cndy  ftock  the  Ground  in  a  warna 
Country,  where  they  are  not  very 
carefully  taken  up.  '  In  'Soutb-Caro- 
Una  there  is  great  Plenty  of  the(b 
Nuts;  which  the  Inhabitants  roai!, 
and  make  ufe  of  as  Chocolate. 

This  was  by  former  Botanifts  call- 
ed Arachidna ;  and  by  fome  it  hath 
been  raneed  with  the  Vetches. 

ARALIA,  Berry-bearing  Ange- 
lica. 

The  CharaQirs  are ; 

Thi  FkwiT  <ofifiHi  of  many  Leavrs^ 
tMcb  expand  in  form  of  a  Rofe^ 
nuhicb  org  naktd,  granting  on  tbg  Top 
of  tbe  O'varj :  thrfe  TUwers  atefwt* 

aided  y 


A  R 

mitilf  ^tbJar  Frakf  nfokkb  an 

I.  Aralia  CnmdmJlM.  Tnrn.  Cs^ 
mdm  berrjr-bcaring  Ai^iau 

a.  AftAUA  camU  Afbyllo^  radia 
tfpmti,  X>.  Smrr^tuw.  Tm/tm.  fieriy- 
beanng  Angeiica,with  a  naked  Stalky 
lad  creqiiiig  Root. 

3.  A  ft  ALIA  arhfifttm  j^mqA. 
fn/Z.    ApgdicA-tree,  vuln, 

Tbe  iwo  irft  Species  cue  to  the 
SttrfiMe  every  Year»  andnfe  ftg^>& 
tke  foccediDg  SpriDg  s  and  in  y«^ 
aed  di^tfi  DrMQce  their  Flowtn  1 
lid,  if  the  Scaioii  is  wann,  perfie& 
didr  Fmic  in  Seftemtmr. 

Thefc  are  propagated  ciifaer  hy 
baring  their  Seeds,  or  by  parting  of 
Cbdr  fijoQts  I  which  laft,  being  the 
soft  expeditious  Method,  is  com*- 
BOiJy  pradisM  in  EngUnii  for  the 
Seeds  citten  abide  in  the  Ground  un- 
til tbe  iecond  Year  before  they  arife^ 
and  are  two*  Years  more  before  they 
lower. 

They  love  a  good  freih  Soil,  not 
too  wet;  and  ihould  be  planted  either 
ia  Antamn,  or  early  in  the  Spring  s 
and  are  ^try  hardy  in  refpe£l  to 
Gold. 

The  third  Sort  grows  with  ns  to 
tk  Height  of  eight  or  ten  Feet :  it 
ks  produced  Flowers  in  the  Phyfic- 
uitfin  at  Chil/iavmo  or  three  times  1 
Mt  has'  not  perfedled  iu  Seeds  in 
BMglamd  that  I  have  vet  heard. 

This  Shrub  requires  a  dry  SoiI» 
sad  a  warm  Situation*  otherwife  it 
is  fabfett  to  be  injured  by  Frofts  in 
the  Winter :  this  is  only  propagated 
by  Seeds,  which  are  frequently 
bnmg^  from  America, 

ARBOR     CAMPHORIFERA. 
rftfrLwras. 
ARBOR  CpRAL.    Vidt  Coral* 

lodcndron. 
ARBOA  JUDi£.    Vide  Cercis. 


AR 

ARBUTUS»  The  Stnwbcny. 
tree. 

The  CharaSirs  are ; 

It  it  eviT'grum :  tbi  hums  an 
•Haft   mmijtrrmiii  •»  tin  Sifgui 

tart  fi^afU  Ukt  a  fktlnt :  tkefnuf 

Strmvkny  i  hi  is  diwdtd  int9  fivt 
Cttts^  in  which  art  atdabui  psms^ 
fmaU  Sseds. 

The  Sficiis  are  1 

1.  A%zvrvt  f$U9  firrai0,  C.S^ 
The  common  Strawbory-tree. 

a.  AtauTus  /§Ji§ /srrat6,  flort 
9hbmg9^  fruSu  voaf,  Mschil.  Hdrf. 
Pi/l  Strawberry-tree  with  longer 
Flowers*  and  egg-ihap*d  Fruit. 

3.  AaaUTUS  filic  firratc,  Jlort 
itAitci,  Strawberry-tree  with  jdooble 
Flowers. 

The  Tree  has  its  Name  from  the 
Refemblance  the  Fruit  bears  to  that 
of  a  Strawberry »  but  is  of  an  au- 
ftere  four  Tafie ;  though  I  have  been 
informed,  that  in  Irslani^  where  this 
Tree  abounds,  the  Frni^is  fold  and 
eaten.  In  England  they  are  chieflv 
brought  to  the  Markets  with  fmau 
Branches  of  the  Tree,  having  fmall 
Bunches  of  Flowers  upon  them,  and 
made  op  into  Nofegays  with  other 
Flowers,  and  feme  Sprigs  of  the 
Amomom  PHnii,  or  Winter-cherry  & 
whicis  at  that  Seafon,  is  stty  ac* 
ceptable,  when  there  are  few  Flow- 
ers to  be  had. 

The  time  of  this  Fruit  being  ripe 
is  in  the  Months  cAQBoUr  and  ^4- 
9>smhtr\  at  which  Seafon  the  Plow* 
ers  are  Uown  for  the  next  Year*s 
Fruit  >  fo  that  from  the  time  of  flow- 
ering to  the  ripening  of  the  Fruit,  is 
one  whole  Year. 

The  beft  Method  of  propagating 
thefe  Trees  is  by  fowing  their  Seeds, 
which  (honld  be  preferved  in  dry 
Saad  till  Mar^h  i  at  which  time  you 

ihoqld 


A  R 

OhoaSd  fow  them  opon  t  ytry  mode- 
nte  Hot-bed  (which  greatly  pro- 
notes  ia  Vegetation)*  covering  it 
aboot  a  Qaarter  of  an  Inch  with 
light  Earth,  and  faeening  it  froni 
Froib,  or  great  Rains.  Toward  the 
Xatcer-end  of  Jpri/  your  young 
Plants  will  begin  to  appear ;  you 
siuft  therefore  keep  them  clear  from 
Weeds,  and  give  them  frequent  Wa- 
tirings,  as  the  Seafon  may  require, 
sod  made  them  in  hot  Weather  s  and 
if  your  Plants  have  dose  welt,  they 
will  be,  by  Autumn,  siboot  five  or 
£x  Inches  high :  but  as  thefe  Trees 
are  fubjedl  to  receive  Damage  from 
Frofts,  efpecially  while  they  are 
Toung,  therefore  you  muft  hoop  the 
£cd  over,  that  when  bad  Weather 
comes,  you  may  cover  it  with  Mats 
and  Straw  to  keep  out  the  Froft. 

The  Beginning  of  Jfri/  follow- 
ing you  may  tranfplant  thefe  Trees, 
each  into  a  (mall  Pot ;  but  in  doing 
€f  this,  be  very  careful  to  take  them 
Bp  with  as  much  Earth  to  their  Roots 
ar  poifible  i  for  they  are  bad-rooting 
Plants,  and  very  fubje£l  to  mifc^rry 
oa  being  removed  ;  and  it  is  for  this 
Keafon  that  I  advtfe  their  being  put 
into  fmall  Fots :  for  when  they  have 
filled  the  Pot  with  Roots,  they  may 
be  turned  out  into  large  Pots,  or  the 
open  Ground,  without  any  Hazard 
of  their  dying. 

When  you  have  put  your  Plants 
wto  the  fmall  Pots,you  Ihould  plunge 
them  into  another  very  moderate 
Hot -bed,  to  encourage  their  taking 
mew  Root,  (hading  them  from  the 
Sim  {a  the  Middle  of  the  Day,  and 
living  them  Water  as  thev  may  re- 
q^uire :  in  this  Bed  it  will  be  proper 
to  Fet  the  Pots  remain  moft  Part  of 
the  Summery  for  if  the  Pots  are 
taken  out,  and  fet  upon  the  Ground, 
the  Smalnefs  of  their  St^e  will  occa- 
fioa  dre  Earth  in  them  to  dry  Co  faft. 
that  Watering  wilt  fcarcfly  preferve 


A  R 

vonr  Plants  aKve  ;  but  if  tlicy 
kept  growing  all  the  Summer,  they 
will  be  near  a  Foot  high  by  the  next 
Autumn :  but  it  will  be  advifeabic 
to  fcreen  them  from  the  Froft  J  unng^ 
their  Continuance  in  Pots,  by  plung- 
ing  them  into  the  Ground  in  a  warm 
Place,  and  covering  them  with  Maia' 
in  bad  Weather. 

When  your  Trees  are  grown  to 
be  three  or  four  Feet  high,  you  may 
(hake  them  oiit  of  the  Pots  into  the 
open. Ground  in  the  Places  where 
they  are  to  remain  :  but  this  (hould 
be  done  in  ^n'A  that  they  may  have 
taken  good  Root  before  the  Winter; 
which  will  be  apt  to  damage  them, 
if  newly  planted. 

Thefe  Trees  are  tolerably  hardy, 
and  are  feldom  hurt,  except  in  ex- 
treme hard  Winters  s   which  man/ 
times  kill    the  young  and   tender 
Branches  9    but  rarely   deflroy   the 
Trees :  therefore  however  dead  year 
Trees  may  appear  after  an  hard  Win* 
tcr,  I  would  advife  you  co  let  them 
remain  till  the  fucceeding  Summer 
has  fuificiently   demondrated  what 
are  livings  and  what  are  dead  t  lor 
the  Winter  u^irff  1728-9.  and  1739* 
40.  gave  us  great  Reafon  to  believe 
moft  of  the  ^1  rec«  of  this  Kind  were 
deftroyed  ;  and  many  People  were 
fo  hafty,  a*"  to  dig  up,  or  cot  down» 
many  of  their  Trees ;  whereas  all 
thofe  People  who  had  Patience  to  let 
their  Trees  remain,  found, that  fcarce 
one  in  five  hundred  failed  to  come 
out  again  the  next  Summer,  and  made 
handn>me  Plants  that  Seafon. 

This  Tree  delights  in  a  moift  Soil ; 
for  when  they  arc  planted  in  dry 
Ground,  they  feldom  produce  much 
Fruit :  the  Flowers  of  this  Tree,  be- 
ing produced  in  Autumn,  if  thcWin- 
tcr  proves  fevcrc,  are  generally  de- 
ilrayed  ;  which  has  occaiion'd  their 
producing  very  little  Fruit  in  En^- 
Umd  for  lume  Years  pafl :  therefore, 

ia 


A  R  A  R 

ID  «dcr  to  bbtatn  Fnik,  die  Titei  fiMs.  Thr.  Ltjd.    Amratl  AiBO&H 

flftooki  be  placed  in  a  warm  Sitaa-  with  an  herbaceous  Stalk,  pinnftfeed 

uon  I  and  where  the  Groand  is  not  Leaves,  and  the  Rays  of  the  Flowtrt 

aatonlly  mbiA,  there  (hooU  be  a  deeply  cat  into  three  Paita.       / 

Qnaadcf  of  good  Loam  aad  rot*  .   2.    Arctotis  JhlHs  Imutbutm 

fern  N«at*s-daiig  laid   about  their  UttimrHus  intigris  dimtituiatk^t  Li^u 

Rooca;  aad  if  the  Spring  fhoold  Ardptis  with  narrow  fpear-Aiaped 

prove  dry^  they  moft  be  pkntifnUy  Leaves  indented  on  the  Sides. 

watered,  in  order  to  have  Plenty  <Mf  3.    AacTOTis  feliis  fimmf^ 

Ff|nt.  finuaiu^   Utinm    •bhngis   deniatii^ 

The  Sort  with  double  Flowers  is  Un.    Ar^tis  with  finvatedtpifma^ 


a  Variety  which  has  .been  acdden-  ted  Leaves,  with  long  Indentures^ 

tally  piodaced  from  Seed:  die  Fruit  and   a  beautiful  orange -coloured 

of  this  I  have  not  yet  fcen,  having  Flower. 

only  oUerved  this  Variety  in  fome  4.  Arctotis  f9kis  9^atft  Jett* 

fain  Plants :  but  I  have  been  in-  tatt\  feMis  hngiffims^  /mpenu  dm^ 

fonnedof  alargeTreepf  this  Sort^  iatis,  caule  ramofo.  JJn.     Ardotia 

which  has  produced  Fruit. .  As  the  with   oval  indented  Leaves,  with 

Flowers  of  this  Sort  are  not  very,  long  Pootftalks,  whofe  Upper-fide 

dMble,  they  may  be  fucceeded  hy  is  indented,  and  a  branching  Stalk. 

Fntit;   or,  at  leaft,  there  may  be  5.    Arctotis  foiiit  finwaf- 

■any  fingle  Flowers  on  the  fame  Jhtuatu^  ladmu  lath  Atuju^  toMk 

Tree,which  may  produce  the  Fhiit.  ariono  ramofiffimQ,      Ardotis  with 

The  very  beft  Seafon  for  crsnf-  pinnated  -  iinuated    Leaves,    whofe 

fbating  the  Arbntos  is  in  S^pUmher^  jags  are  broad  and  obtufe,  and  a 

atwhidi  time  the  Bloflbms  are  be-  branching  woody  Stem, 

{ioning  to  appear;  and  at  that  Sea*  6.  Arctotis  hmiUs,  fiHit  cor* 

ha,  if  they  are  kept  moi^  they  will  datO'finuatis  rigidh  rnr^ofa^  flmhui 

like  Root  very  foan  $  but  toward  the  toHfhs  luieis.    Dwarf  Ar^ocis,  with 

Beginning  of  Ncunnierj  their  Roots  heart-fliaped  jagged-ribbed  Leaves, 

itouki  be  well  covered  with  Mulch,  and  an  ample  yellow  Flpwer. 

to  keep  ont  the  Frofl.  y.  Arctotis  bumiiis^  foHU  It* 

ARCTOTIS:    this    hath    been  neari^lanctolatii^  /uptrnt    deutatU^ 

afually  known  under  the  Title  of  Juhtm  albicatttibus^  petiolis  longiffims. 

Aacmooofpermos,  from  the  Refem-  Dwarf  Arflotis,  with  narrow  fpear* 

Uance  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Plants  have  ihrped  Leaves,  indented  at  the  Up- 

to  that  of  the  Anemone.    We  have  per- part,  white  underoeath,  and  viery 

no  Engl^  Name  for  this  Plant.  long  Foot»ftalks. 

The  Chmrfiaert  are;  Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the 

nt  Fiewtr  is  rmdiatgd  liki  the  Cottctry  about   the  Cift  of  Good 

Marigoid :    the  Efupmltment   is  be*  Hope^  from  whence  they  have  been 

miffh^iic^U  and  fcaij^  thi^ahs  lying  brought  to  fome  curious  Gardens 

fwcr  tacb  other  in  a  H'eai  manner  :  in  Holland ;  where  there  are  feveral 

the  Seeds  arecopiemfij  furrounded^ith  Other  Species,  which  are  not  as  yet 

e  fift  Deum,  like  thefe  of  the.Atfi*  in  the  Englijh  Gardens. 

mene.  The  firft  Sort  here  mentioned  is 

The^j^rrVjarei                       .  an  annuil  P:anc,  which  (bould  be 

I.  AviCroT  15  feliis  ptMNttis,  caule.  fo^vn  upo.i  a  moderate  Hot-bed,  toj* 

itrbfieee,  fetaiit  reuhi  profuede  tri'-  ward  the  Middle  or  fod  of  March ;. 

and 


A  R  A  R 

and  vImb  die  Pfauitt  «ie  fit  40  tnaf'  fme&Mi»  to  iix  or  finm» 

ftattt,  che^  (hoiiU  be  cack  pat  iftco  Sartk  mmay  MmaAm  i  ^kmtoi 

a  iio^e  Poti  aad  at  foon  ai  tlwy  vefairc  co  be  frequently  fm 

are  well  looced,  thej  miift  b^  d^  keep  tlMa  la  lolaabieYMi 

agreei  be  inured  to  the  tipen  Air,  eiatly  tkt  ifths  wMck  teds  fartfc 

Sato  wbicb  tbef  fiiOttU  be  placed  at  ftroag  wnaUing  SkooCi^  wlictt  Uicir 

Jboaat  tbc  Wattlier  n  wana,  aad  Rootoaseaot  moch codned io  dM 

will  reqoive  amcb  Watar  iii  dry  tei,   and  tf  tbey  aia  Aafy 


Waacber;  Ibr  their  RaoCf  loon  fill  ttred. 

the  Fots>  aad  wiU  Mot  through  the        They  are  propanted  by  _ 

IioletiacodieGvooiid»ifiiieyfiaiid  Cotthnt  of  Cham  la  a  Bed  of  U^C 

loag  aaiaaored.    This  Plaat  may  hdti  fiardi,  ia  any  af  the  Sum* 

aift  be  fowa  apoa  a  wann  Border  mer-aNndMi   obMrnag  to  fliadr 

of  light  Earth  in  the  open  Air,  in  thea^om  dusHeai  of  cheSam  mndl 

tlw  Middle  of  Jfril,  where  they  are  they  ha;re  taken  Root,  m  rifo  to 

defigncdtoremaia:  thefewiUfloaiar  fiwAi  them  often  with  Wateri 

%i  Aiig9/f,  aad  if  the  Seafon  psoiw  in  fix  Wc^  or  two  Moacfat 

fcvoorable,  they  will  fetiUk  Seeds  phMtiag»   they  wUl  be  ioAcicndjr 

lery  well,   and  theie  Plants  will  itxsced;  ai  which  tana  yao  flMRW 

gn>w  mach  ftroager  than  thole  laia'd  tranfplaot  them  into  Ib9  filled  widi 

vpoa  an  Hot-bed ;   buc,  as  in  cold  the  like  frdh  Eai^,  fettiag  the  Foca 

Scafons  theie  a^ay  fail  to  perM  in  a  fliady  Place  oiidl  the  Fhmts  are 

their  Seeds,  it  will  be  a  lecure  Me*  fettled  ia  dieir  new  £arth ;   alter 

thod  to  raKe  Ibme  apon  the  Hot-  which  time,  you  flioold  ejipofe  cbem 

kd,  which  never  fiols  to  perfcft  to  die  open  Air  aatil  die  Latter-«ml 

Seeds.  of  OMir,  or  later,  acconiing   as 

The  fixth  and  fereath  Sorts  are  yon  fiad  the  Weather  is  fiivoorable  ^ 

low  Plants,  feldom  rifing  ia  Stem  when  yoa  mall  remove  the  Pots  iatw 

above  four  or   five  Inches,    their  the  Greea-hottfe,  where  they  HumiM 

Leaves  fpreadiag  near  the  Sarface  of  be  placed  as  near  the  Window  aa 

die  Ground ;  the  Fkrwers  are  pro*  pofiible,  that  ihey  may  have  a  goo4 

duced  upon  fingle  Footfiaiks  arifing  Quantitv  of  free  Air  at  all  timaa 

firom  the  Centre  of  the  Plants:  tbefo  when  the  Weather  is  mild;    nor 

flower  in  JfriJ  or  Mt;,  when  diey  fiiodld  they  be  over-hnog  by  other 

Boake  a  fine  Appearance ;  bat  th^  Plants,  which  would  occafion  dwm 

feldom  perfeA  their  Seeds  in  Mug"  to  take  a  Mouldinefs,  and  rot :  yoa 

Anr^;  therefore  are  propagited  by  muft  aMb  freqnendy  lefreAi  theas 

Cuttings ;  but  as  they  are  rknts  of  with  Water,  giving  it  them  plenti- 

a  fmall  Growth,  they  do  not  increafe  fully  in  mild  Weather,   otherwife 

very  fafi  here.     The  beft  Way  to  their  Leaves  and  Branches  will  hang 

obtain  good  Seeds  of  theie  Plants  is,  down  and  wither :  in  Summer  they 


so  expoie  them  to  the  open  Air  when  can  fcarce  have  too  much  Water 

diey  are  in  Flower;  for  if  they  are  siven  them,   if  the  Pots  are  not 

dmwaweak  by  being  kept  in  the  flopped,  ib  that  the  Watcr^cannoc  got 

Houfe,  they  never  produce  any  good  thr(f  the  Holes  at  the  Bottom.  Th^ 

Seeds.  will  alfo  require  to  be  ihifted  int» 

The  fecond,  third,  fourth,  and  other  Pots  two  c  r  tktee  times  at  leaft 

fifth  Sorts  grow  to  the  Height  of  every  Summer;  aad  the  Pots  Ihonld 

fear  or  fire  Feet;  and  the  fifth,  be  frsfueoUy  removed,  to  pitfveaa 

L  die 


A  R  A  R 

&e  Rants  firMB  ftr&iiy  didr  Rom  d^imeil  oat  to  fottrlachet  DifUoce; 

duo*  tbc  Holet  of  ilie  PIO0  into  itm  when,  whea  ooce  it  hwi  Bied  its 

Gfooftdy  which  die/  are  vcrjr  ajpc  to  Seeds,  diere  will  not  want  a  Supp^ 

^  oikI  then  ihty  will  flioot  Teiy  of  Plants  for  fereral  Years  after.    I 

ngorottiljr ,   hac  wlm  tbefe  Roota  am  informed,   diat  Gumbouge  ia 

are  torn  off",  l^  removing  the  PoO^  made  from  the  Jaice  of  this  Plant, 

die  Plants  are  often  kmed!  ARIA  THEOPHRASTI.   rUg 

AH  diefe  Plants  flioaU  be  &e-  Oataepu. 

focn^f  renewed  byCBttinp^beciiafa  ARISARlJM«  The  Rerh  Frier». 

Che  ohi  Pbnts  are  faUeft  to  decafr  <ow1. 

in  Winter;  therefore,  if  yooogPlanti  The  CbaraBirt  are; 

are  not  anooa%  raifed,  the  Spedaa  /^  H^i^'  "^^h  the  Dragm  smM 

msfy  foon  he  lot.  Jrmm ;  /r^m  h^tb  ^hieh  tAii  Pltmt 

if  theGreen-  hoole,  in  which  thefe  ^^^'»  i»  having  m  Tivw§r  r^imUii^ 

Plants  are  placed  in  Winter,  is  fob*  «  CtwL 

JC&  to  Damps,  it  will  be  very  dif>  The  ^picies  are ; 

ficolt  to  prefenre  thems  for  when  i*  Arisarum   Isuifdmm  nu^usm 

ihe  Windows  are  kept  doTe,   the  C,B,P.  169.     JSroad-ieavM  Prien* 

tender  Parts  of  their  Shoots  are  veiv  cowi. 

falgcA  to  a  MouMine^,  which  will  2.  Aaisarvm  ammJHfBtUm.DioJ^ ^ 
faoa  canfo  the  Plants  to  decay,  if  it  coriMs^  firtg,    C.  Jy.  ?.    Narrow- 
is  not  conftandy  cleaned  off,  and  free  leay*d  Fsiers-cowl. 
Air  admitted  to  dry  off  the  Damps.  3.  Ar  is  arum  fiort   im    timttn^ 

ARGEMONE,  Prickly  Poppy.  catuiam  ahiunte.  iuft.  R.  H,    Friers- 

TkeCb^iraSerjMrci  cowl  wkh  a  Flower  ending  in  a  foudl 

Iiimibam4namaIR$0t:  tbiLtavis  Tail. 

^tlacimuLied^T  jagged i  nifhick  art  4.  AaiaARUU  tripiylltm  Amtri^ 

Urwinattd  wiibSfims:   ibi  Flower  camm,  aa^igribus  foiiis,  InJt.R,  £f. 

imfifii  ^manj  Leains,  ivbicb  eaepami  Three- lea vM  American  Friers-cowl^ 

iafirm  rf^  Ra/e:  the  Feintaltftbe  with  lai^e  Leaves. 

Flewer    becomes  a  large   trigonical  5.  Arisarvm  triphytlum  miaoi^ 


^^k  vohich  is  di*uid§a  znSo  tbr$o  fern    atr^-rubente*    Banifi.      Small 

Uttr,  n/aherdn  are  contained  memy  glo^  three-lea vM Friers-cowl,  with  a  dark- 

hnlar  black  Seeds.  red  PointaL 

There  is  but  one  Species  of  this  The  three  firft  Sorts  are  found 

That  known ;  wnich  is,  wild  in  $/«/«,  Portugal^  and  the  South 

AaoiiiOiiB  Mexicana.  Tmm.  ^  of  Fnance,  from  whence  their  Seeds 

The  Prickly  Poppy.  have  been  procured  by  fome  curious 

This  is  an  annaal  Plant,  which  is  Perfons,  who  prefenre  them  ia  their 

nrj  common  in  moil  Parts  of  the  Gardens,  for  the  fiike  of  Variety. 

IF^-/«4^;  andis,  by  tbe^^i»srier46«  They  are  propagated   by  Off-ieta^ 

m!iFi€o  del Inferme^  or  the  Devil's  which  they  fend  fordi  in  Plenty: 

Pjg:  there  is  no  great  Beauty  i)or  thefe  Ihould  be  taken  off  from  the 

Ufe  of  this  Pkint  amongft  ui,  that  old  Roots,  abjout  the  Middle  %f  Sep' 

I  kaow  of:    but  whoever  hath  a  tcmber^  which  is  the  proper  Se^lbn 

■iod  to  cultivate  if,  Ihould  fow  it  on  for  tranfplanting  them,  their  Leaves 

lied  of  light  E^rch,  in  the  Spring,  being,  at  that  time,  almoil  deeayed* 

vkrtitis  ro  remain,  and  if  it  comes  Thc(e  Plants  never  rife  very  high, 

ip  too  thick,    the  Plants  mnft  be  fo  ihould  be  placed  amongft  others 

'  of 


A  R  A  R 

ef  low  Growth;  otherwife  thty  may  6.    Aristolochia    folyrr^ssM^ 

be  overborn  by  their  neighbonriDg  auriculaHs  foliis,  Firginiana.   fimk^ 

Plants,  and  deftroyed.    They  (hould  ^hjt.    Virginian  Snakeroot. 

liayea  freOi  undunged  Soil,  and  a  7.    Aristolochia   enSa^  Ji^rg 

Situation  not  too  much  expofed  to  atro-furpureOf  foliis  angufiis^  rmsSct 

the  Sun.    They  flowed  in  Af^yi  but  repente.  Plum,  Cat.    Narrow-leavVi 

nurely  produce  any  Seeds  in  our  Cli-  npright  Birthwort,   with   creeping 

mate.  '  Roots,  commonly  called  Contrayenra 

The  fourth  Sort  is  a  Native  of  in  Jawwica. 

fhe  warmer  Parts  of  America  ;  fo  8.  Ajkizr  Ohocm  a  folio  cordifirmi^ 

muftbeprefervedinPotSyandhoufed  flore  longijjtmo  atrt'furpureo,    radict 

in  Winter ;  otherwife  it  will  not  live  repentt.  Plum.  Cat.  Creeping- rooted 

In  this  Country.  Birthwort,  with  long  yellowifh-pur- 

The  fifth  is  a  Native  of  the  North-  pie  FIowers,and  an  heart-fliap^d  Leaf. 
em  Parts  of  America^  and  will  live  9.  Aristolochia  fcandtns^  fi^ 
in  the  open  Air  in  England^  pro-  His  laurinis^  f  uffu  maximo,  Climb- 
Tided  it  IS  planted  in  a  (heltered  Si-  ing  Birthwort,  with  Laurel-leaves^ 
fuation.  Thefe  Plants  decay  to  the  aod  the  largefl  Fruit. 
Boot  every  Winter,  and  viSt  again  The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  nfed 
the  following  Spring.  in  Medicine ;  but,  as  they  are  very 

ARISTOLOCHIA,  Birth  wort,  rare  in  England^   their  Roots  are 

The  QfaraSers  are  ;  brought  from  the  Southern  Parts  of 

7ht  Stalks  are  flexible:  the  Leaves  France^  where  they  are  very  com- 

ere  placed  alternately  on  the  Branches:  mon,   and  are  fold  in  the  Shops. 

the  Flowers  confift  of  one  Leaf^  and  Thefe   Plants    are    both    tolerably 

are  of  an  anomalous  Figure^  hollonved  hardy,  and  will  endure  the  Cold  of 

like  a  Pipe^  and  J^aped  like  a  Tongue,  our  ordinary  Winters  very  well,  in 

generally   hooked  :    the  Flower  •  cup  the  full  Ground.  Thefe  Roots  ihould 

turns  to  a  membraneous,  and,  for  the  be  planted  early  in  the  Spring,   be- 

mofi  part,  oi^al-Jhaped  Fruit,  which  fore  they  begin  to  (hoot,  in  a  warai 

is  di*uided  into  fi've  Cells,  and  full  Situation ;  and  ihould  have  a  frefli 

of  fat  Seeds,                                '  light  Soil,   rather  dry  than  moift. 

The  Species  ate ;  They  Ihould  be  planted  fix  Inches 

1.  Aristolochia  fore  ex  pur-  deep  in  the  Earth,  that  thry  may 
fura  nigro,  C.  B.  P.  The  round-  be  lefs  expofed  to  the  Froft  ;  and 
rooted  Sirthwort.  in  Summer  the  Drought  will   not 

2.  Aristolochia  longa  vera,  fo  fjon  afFe£t  them.  They  will 
C.  B,  P.  True  long-rooted  Birth-  fhoot  up  about  two  Feet  high,  with 
wort.  (lender  trailing  Stalks,  and  produce 

3.  Aristolochia  cUmatitis  their  Flowers  in  June \  and,  in  a 
reaa,  C.  B.  P.  The  climbing  Birth-  kindly  Scafon,  they  will  perfcd  their 
wort.  Seeds  in  this  Country.     It  wilt  be 

4.  Aristolochia  Pifolochia  verv  proper  to  have  fome  Roots  of 
diSa.  C  B.  P,    Spanifj  Birthwort.  each  Sort  in  Pots,  which  may  be 

5. Aristolochia  Pifolochia  fheliered  under  a  Frame  in  very  fe- 

JRBa  Cretica,  Jcl  0  fmilacis,  femp&-  vcre  Fiofts,  lb  tSat  the  Kinds  may 

sirens,  H,  L,  The  ever-green  Birth*  be  preferved,    if  thofe  in  the  full 

wort  from  Crete.  Ground  ihould  be  dcflroyed. 

The 


AR 

^e  third  Sort  is  fometiincs  ufed 
in  Medicine.  This  is  a  mifchievoas 
Pknt  for  creeping  at  the  Root ;  fo 
that  if  once  it  has  taken  in  a  Gar- 
den»  it  will  be  difficult  to  extirpate 
again,  and  will  deftroy  whatevet 
Plants  grow  near  it ;  therefore  it 
ihoold  be  planted  in  fome  abje6t  Part 
of  the  Garden  by  itfelf»  for  it  will 
thrive  in  almoin  any  Soil  or  Situa- 
tion. 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  grow 
wild  in  Sfarn,  lialj,  and  the  South 
of  fraace  ;  but  in  England  they  are 
preTerved,  for  Variety^  in  Botanic 
Gardens.  Thefe  muft  be  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  light  rich  Earthy 
and  (hehere<l  from  fevere  Cold  in 
Wiater,  othcrwife  they  will  be  de- 
firoyed  thereby  \  but  they  ihoald 
liave  as  much  htt.  Air  as  poflible 
in  mild  Weather.  Thefe  produce 
Flowers  every  Year  j  but  never  per- 
iled their  Seeds  in  this  Country. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  the  Snakeroot, 
which   is    greatly    nfed    in  Medi- 
tinci  but  thefe  Roots  are  brought 
o?cr  from  Virginia  and  Carolina^ 
where  there  are  two  or  three  Species 
of  this  Plant,     tn   Englami^    it  is 
preferred  as  a  Curiofity,    in  Pots 
filled  with  frefh  light  Earth,  and  re- 
quires to  be  ibeltered  from  fevere 
Cold  in  Winter;  in  Summer  they 
>nnft  be  frequently  watered^    and 
ihoold  be  placed  in  a  well-flieltered 
Situation,  where,  in  a  good  Seafon, 
they  will  perfe^  their  Seeds,  by 
which  new  Plants  may  be  obtained. 
Thefe  Seeds  fiiould  be  (own  on  an 
Hot-bed  early  in  the  Spring ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
&uil  be  tranfplanted  into  Pots,  and 
v^naged  as  hath  been  dire^ed  for 
the  old  Plants. 

The  feventh,  eighth,  and  ninth 
Soru  are  Natives  of  the  warmed 
Parti  of  America  $  fo  muft  be  pre* 
fared  vdth  great  Care  in  this  Cli« 

Vofc.  r. 


A  R 

inate.  Thefe  may  be  ptopa^ted 
by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring  t 
the  beft  Method  to  raife  them  is,  ta 
fow  the  Seeds  in  Pots  filled  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  plunge  them 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark  t 
in  about  a  Month  or  five  Weeks 
after  the  Seeds  are  fown,  the  Plants 
will  begin  to  appear  :  when  the 
Plants  are  advanced  to  be  about  twa 
Inches  hieh,  they  (hould  be  care^ 
fully  transplanted,  each  into  a  fepa*" 
rate  Pot  filled  with  fre(h  light  Earth, 
and  fhould  then  be  plunged  into  the 
Hot-bed  again. 

About  the  Banning  of  Jygnji 
thefe  Plants  will  ^ve  filled  the  Poti 
with  their  Roots,  when  they  ftiould 
be  (haken  carefully  out  of  the  Pot5^ 
and  their  Roots  trimmed ;  then  the/ 
fhould  be  planted  into  larger  Pots 
filled  with  the  fame  frefh  Earth  as 
before  ;  and  thofe  which  are  of  low 
Growth  fhould  be  plunged  into  the 
Hot-bed  again;  but  the  taller  fhould 
be  plunged  into  the  Bark-flove, 
efjpecially  the  ninth  Sort^  which  will 
rife  to  a  great  Height. 

The  feventh  Sort  is  knOwn  in  Ja* 
mdica  by  the  Kame  of  Contl'ayerva^ 
and  is  greatly  ufed  as  an  Alexiphar- 
mac,  by  the  Inhabitants  of  that 
Ifland. 

All  thefe  three  Sorts  will  require 
to  be  kept  in  the  Bark-flovd,  other-* 
wife  they  will  nOt  thrive  in  this  Cli* 
mate. 

ARMENIACA,  Apricot. 

I  fhall  enumerate  all  thofe  Sorts 
which  are  commonly  cultivated  in 
England  i  where  this  fruit  is  gene- 
rally in  as  great  Perfe^ioh  as  in  moft 
of  our  neighbouring  Countries,  efpe- 
dally  when  they  are  not  planted 
upon  a  Soil  too  hot,  or  againfl  thi 
WarmeHafpedted  Walls. 

We  have  in  the  Engiijh  Grardehi 
about  feven  Sorts  of  this  Fxuit  cul* 
tavated;  whidix^c^ 

{  t.  Tht 


1 .  The  Mafculine  Apricot. 

2.  The  Orange  Apricot. 

3.  The  J/gi£r  Apricot. 

4.  The  Roman  Apricot. 

5.  The  Turiy  Apricot. 

6.  The  Breiia  Apricot. 

7.  The  Brujeit  Apricot. 

The  Mafcalmc  is  the  firft  ripe  of 
all  the  Apricots  ;  it  is  a  fmall, 
•  Toundilh  Fruit,  of  a  red  Colour  to- 
wards the  Sun ;  as  it  ripens,  the  Co- 
lour fades  to  a  greenifh  Yellow  on 
the  other  Side.  It  is  only  prcferved 
for  being  the  firft  ripe,  having  little 
Flavour ;  the  Tree  is  very  apt  to 
te  covered  with  Flowers ;  but  as 
they  come  out  early  in  the  Spring, 
they  are  frequenily.deftroyed  by  the 
'Cold,  unlefs  the  Trees  are  covered 
to  proteft  them. 

The  Orange  is  the  next  ripe  Apri- 
cot; this  Fruit  is  much  larger  than 
the  former  J  and,  as  it  ripens,  changes 
to  a  deep  yellow  Colour.  The  Flc{h 
of  this  is  dry,  and  nothigh-flavour'd; 
it  is  better  for  Tarts  than  for  the 
Table. 

ThcJIgier  is  the  next  in  Sea- 
Ton;  this  is  of  an  oval  Shape,  a 
.  'little  comprefled  on  the  Sides  5  it 
turns  to  a  pale-yellow,  or  Straw- 
'colour,  when  ripe ;  the  Fleih  is  dry, 
and  not  high-flavour'd  :  this,  and 
what  i»  by  fome  Perfons  called  the 
common  Apricot,  are  often  con- 
founded. 

The  Roman  is  the  next  ripe  Apri- 
cot :  this  is  a  larger  Fruit  than  the 
former,  and  not  comprefled  on  the 
Sides ;  the  Colour  is  deeper,  and  the 
Flefh  is  not  fo  dry  as  the  former. 

The  Turiy  Apricot  is  yet  larger 
than  either  of  the  former,  and  of  a 
globular  Figure;  the  Fruit  turris 
to  a  deeper  Colour  than  the  former ; 
the  Fleih  is  firmer,  and  of  an  higher 
Flavour,  than  cither  of  the  former. 

The  BreJa  Apricot,  as  it  is  called 
from  its  being  brought  from  thence 


A  k 

into  EngianJf'WiLs  originally  brought  * 
from  y^rica :  this  is  a  large,  rooiKliih 
Fruit,  changing  to  a  deep  Yellow 
when  ripe ;  the  Flefh  is  foft,  full  of 
Juice,  and  of  a  deep  Oiangt-coloilr 
withinfide;  the  Stone  is  ronnder 
and  larger  than  of  the  other  Sores  : 
this  is  the  beft  Apricot  we  have ; 
and,  when  ripened  on  a  Staadaid, 
is  preferable  to  all  other  Kinds. 

The  BruJfeU  is  the  lateft  ripe  of 
all  the  Apricots;  for  when  it  ia 
planted  againft  a  Wall,  it  is  gene- 
rally the  Beginning  of  Anguft  before 
it  is  ripe,  unlefs  when  it  is  planted 
to  a  full  South  Afped;  which  is 
what  fhould  not  be  pra^ifed,  becaafe 
the  Fruit  is  never  well-tafted  which 
grows  in  a  warm  Expofure.  "Fhis 
Fruit  is  of  a  middling  Size,  rather 
inclining  to  an  oval  Figure ;  red  on 
the  Side  next  the  Sun,  with  many 
dark  Spots,  and  of  a  greeniih -yellow 
on  the  other  Side ;  the  Flelh  is  ^m^ 
and  of  an  high  Flavour  ;  the  Fruit 
often  cracks  before  it  is  ripe.  This 
is  commonly  preferred  to  the  former 
Sort  by  moft  People ;  but,  when  the 
other  is  planted  as  a  Standard,  the 
Fruit  is  fuller  of  Juice,  and  of  a 
richer  Flavour,  than  this. 

Moft  People  train  thefc  Trees, 
when  they  are  dcfigned  for  Stand- 
ards, up  to  Stems  of  fix  or  feven 
Feet  high,  or  bud  them  upon  Stocks 
of  that  Height ;  but  this  is  a  Pra6Uce 
■I  would  not  recommend,  becaufe. 
the  higher  the  Heads  of  thefc  Trees 
are,  the  more  they  are  expofed  to 
the  catting  Winds  in  the  Spring, 
which  too  frequently  deftroy  the 
Bloflbms ;  and  the  Fruit  is  alfo 
more  liable  to  be  blown  down  in 
Summer,  efpecially  if  there  fhould 
happen  to  be  much  Wind  at  the 
time  when  the  Fruit  is  ripe ;  which, 
by  falling  from  a  great  Height,  will 
be  bruifed  and  fpoiled  ;  therefore  I 
'prefer  Half-ftatidards,  of  about  two 

'and 


A  R 

Um)  an  Inlfy  or  three  Feet  in  the 
StnOy to  thofe  which  are  much  taller; 
or  to  plant  them  as  Dwarfs  againft 
an  Efpalier,  where,  if  they  are  fkil- 
fally  managed,  they  will  produce  a 
lai^e  Qaancity  of  good  Fruit;  and 
the  Trees  in  Efpalier  may  be  more 
conveniently  covered  in  the  Spring, 
when  the  Scafon  proves  bad ;  where- 
by there  will  be  a  Certainty  of  Fruit 
every  Year. 

Theic  Fruits  are  all  propagated 
by  budding  them  on  Plum-flocks, 
and  will  readily  take  upon  almoft 
any  Sort  of  Plum,  provided  the 
Stock  be  free  and  thriving,  except 
the  Bmfftls  Kind,  which  is  ufuaily 
bsiddfd  on  a  Sort  of  Stock,  com- 
monly called  the  St.  Julian,  which 
better  fuit$  this  Tree,  aa  being  gene- 
rally planted  for  Standards,  than 
any  other  Sort  of  Plum  will.  .  The 
manner  of  railing  the  Stocks,  and 
bedding  thefe  Trees,  (hall  be  treated 
of  under  their  particular  Articles, 
to  which  I  refer  the  Reader,  and 
flnll  proceed  to  their  Planting  and 
Management. 

Thefe  Trees  are  all,  except  the 
tvo  lad  Sorts,  planted  againft  Walls, 
and  Oiould  have  an  Bad  or  Weft 
Afped ;  for  if  they  are  planted  full 
South,  the  great  Heat  caufes  them 
to  be  mealy  before  they  are  well 
eatable. 

The  Borders  under  thefe  Walls 
ihould  be  fix  Feet  wide,  at  leaft, 
and,  if  it  were  more,  the  better; 
bot  I  would  never  adviie  the  making 
of  them  fo  deep  as  is  the  general 
Cnftom;  for  if  the  Earth  be  two 
Feet  deep,  or  two  and  an  half  at 
moft,  it  is  enough. 
.  If  your  Ground  is  a  wet  cold 
Loam  or  Clay,  you  fhould  raife  your 
Borders  as  much  above  the  Level  of 
the  Surface  as  it  will  admit,  laying 
fome  Stones  or  Rubbifh  in  the  Bot- 
tom, to  prevent  the  Roots  from 


A  R 

running  downwards ;  but  if  yoa 
plant  upon  a  Chalk  or  Gravel,  you 
muft  remove  it  to  a  coniiderable 
Width,  to  make  room  for  a  good 
Soil  to  be  put  in ;  but  you  need  not 
go  above  two  Feet  and  an  half  deep 
at  moft. 

The  Soil  I  would  in  general  ad- 
vife  to  be  ufed  for  thefe,  and  all 
other  Sorts  of  Fruit-trees,  is  frefh 
nntry'd  Earth,  from  aPafturc-ground, 
taken  about  ten  Inches  deep,  wirh 
the  Turf,  and  laid  to  rot  and  mel- 
low at  leaft  twelve  Months  before 
it  is  ufed  i  and  this  muft  be  kept 
often  turned,  to  fweeten  and  imbibe 
the  nitrous  Particles  of  the  Air. 

When  the  former  Soil  of  the  Bor- 
der is  taken  away,  this  fre(h  Earth 
ihould  be  carried  in  the  Place  ;  and, 
if  the  Borders  are  filled  with  it  two 
Months  before  the  Trees  are  planted, 
the  Ground  will  be  better  fettled, 
and  not  fo  liable  to  fink  after  the 
Trees  are  planted :  in  filling  of  the 
Borders  the  Ground  fhould  be  raifed 
four  or  five  Inches  above  the  Level 
they  are  defigned,  to  allow  for  the 
Settling. 

Your  Borders  being  thus  prepared, 
make  choice  of  foch  Trees  as  are 
but  of  one  Year's  Growth  from  bud- 
ding ;  and,  if  your  Soil  is  dry,  or 
of  a  middling  Temper,  you  (hould 
prefer  OQoher  as  the  beft  Seafon 
for  Planting,  efpecially  having,  at 
that  time,  a  greater  Choice  of  Trees 
from  the  Nurferies,  before  they 
have  been  picked  and  drawn  over 
by  other  People.  The  manner  of 
preparing  thefe  Trees  for  Planting 
being  the  fame  in  common  with 
other  Fruit-trees,  I  (hall  refer  the 
Reader  to  the  Article  of  Peaches, 
where  he'll  find  it  largely  treated 
of. 

Your  Trees  being  thus  prepared, 

you  muft  mark  out  the  Diftances 

they  are  to  ttand,  which,  in  a  good 

I  a  ftronj 


A  R 

ibong  Solly  or  againft  a  low  Wall, 
ihould  be  twenty  Feet  or  more  s 
but,  in  a  moderate  one,  eighteen 
Feet  is  a  good  reafcnable  Diiiance  ; 
then  make  an  Hole  where  each  Tree 
is  to  (land,  and  place  its  Stem  about 
four  Inches  from  the  Wall,  inclining 
the  Head  thereto;  and,  after  having 
fixed  the  Tree  in  the  Ground,  nail 
the  Branches  to  the  Wall,  to  prevent 
their  (baking;  then  cover  the  Surface 
of  the  Ground  round  the  Root  with 
Totten  Dung,  to  keep  out  the  Froft : 
In  this  State  let  it  remain  till  Tebru' 
aty^  when,  if  the  Weather  is  good, 
you  mud  un-nail  the  Branches  of 
your  Trees,  fo  as  not  to  difturb  their 
Roots  ;  and,  being  provided  with  a 
iharp  Knife,  put  your  Foot  clofe  to 
the  Stem  of  the  Tree ;  and,  having 
placed  your  Left-hand  to  the  Bottom 
of  the  Tree,  to  prevent  its  being 
dillurbed,  with  your  Right-hand  cut 
olF  the  Head  of  the  Tree,  to  about 
four  or  five  Eyes  above  the  Bud,  fo 
that  the  flopingSide  may  be  toward 
the  Wall. 

In  the  Spring,  if  the  Weather 
proves  dry,  you  muft,  now-and-then, 
give  your  Trees  a  gentle  Refrefhing 
%vith  Water ;  in  the  doing  of  which, 
if  you  obferve  to  water  then^  with 
a  Rofe  to  the  Watering-pot,  all 
over  theirHeads,itwill  greatly  help 
them  ;  and  alfo  lay  feme  Turf,  in 
the  manner  diredted  for  Apples,  or 
fome  other  Mulch,  rourd  the  Roots, 
to  prevent  their  drying  during  the 
^ummer-feafon  :  as  new  Branches 
aire  produced,  obferve  to  nail  them 
to  the  Wall  in  an  horizontal  Pofition ; 
iliui  fuch  Shoots  as  are  produced 
Xore-right,  maft  be  intirely  difplaced. 
This  muft  be  repeated  as  often  as  is 
ECcelTary,  to  prevent  their  hanging 
from  the  Wall ;  but  by  no  means 
flop  any  of  the  Shoots  in  Summer. 

At  MichatlffiaSf  when  the  Trees 
have  done  growing,  you  mull  un* 


A  R 

nail  their  Branches,  and  ihortts 
them  in  proportion  to  their  Strength; 
a  vigorous  Branch  may  be  left  eight 
or  nine  Inches  long,  but  a  weak  one 
fhould  not  be  left  above  five  or  &3i, 
I  fuppofe  many  People  will  wonder 
at  this  Direction,  efpecially  having 
allowed  fuch  a  Diftance  between  the 
Trees,  as  believing,  by  this  Ma- 
nagement, the  Wall  will  never  be 
filled ;  but  my  Reafon  for  it  is, 
that  1  would  have  no  Part  of  the 
Wall  left  unfurnifhed'with  Bearing- 
wood  ;  which  muft  confequently  be 
the  Cafe,  if  the  Branches  are  left  to 
a  great  Length  at  firil ;  for  it  feldom 
happens,  that  more  Buds  than  two 
or  three  ihoot  for  Branches;  and 
thefe  are,  for  the  moft  part,  fuch  as 
are  at  the  extreme  Part  of  the  laft 
Yearns  Wood  ;  fo  that  all  the  lower 
Part  of  the  Shoots  become  caked, 
nor  will  they  ever  after  produce 
Shoots ;  and  this  is  the  Reafon  we 
fee  fo  many  Trees  which  have  their 
Bearing-wood  fituated  only  in  the 
extreme  Part  of  the  Tree. 

When  you  have  fliortened  the 
Shoots,  be  fure  to  nail  them  as  ho- 
rizontally as  poifible ;  for  upon  this 
it  is  that  the  future  Good  of  the 
Tree  chiefly  depends. 

I'he  fecond  Summer  obferve,  as 
in  the  firft,  to  difplace  all  fore-right 
Shoots,  as  they  are  produced,  nail- 
ing-m  the  other  clofe  to  the  Wall 
horizontally,  fo  that  tLeMiddleof  the 
Tree  may  be  kept  open ;  and  never 
fhorten  any  of  the  Shoots  in  Sum- 
mer, unlets  to  furnifli  Branches  to 
fill  vacant  Places  on  the  Wall ;  and 
never  do  this  later  than  Jpril^  for 
Reafons  hereafter  given  in  the  Ar- 
ticle of  Peaches.  At  Micbailmas 
fhorten  thefe  Shoots,  as  was  direded 
for  the  firil  Year  ;  the  (Irong  ones 
may  be  left  nine  or  ten  Inches,  and 
the  weak  ones  fix  or  £evea  at  moft. 

Tie 


A  R 

The  following  Year's  Manage- 
It  will  be  nearly  the  fame  with 
bnt  only  obferve,  that  Apri- 
prodace  their  BloiFom-buds,  not 
mlj  upon  the  laft  Year's  Wood,  but 
alio  upon  the  Carfons   or  Spurs, 
which  are  produced  from  the  two 
Years  Wood :  a  great  Care  fhoold 
therefore  be  had  in  the  Summer- 
management,  not  to  hurt  or  difplace 
thefe :  obTerve  alfo  to  (horten  your 
Bnaches  at  the  Winter-pruning,  fo  as 
to  fkraifli  frefli  Wood  in  every  Part 
of  the  Tree;  and  be  fare  to  cut  out 
iatirely  all  luxuriant  Branches,  or 
difpJace  them  as  ibon  as  they  are 
produced  s  which,  if  left  to  grow, 
would    exhaaft    the    Nourishment 
irooi  the  bearing  Branches,  which, 
ia  my  Opinion,  cannot  be  too  ftrong, 
provided  they  are  kindly  ;   for  the 
more  vigorous  your  Tree  is,  the 
more  likely  it  is  to  refift  the  Injuries 
of  the  Weather ;  and  I  have  oftea 
fees  Trees  brought  to  fo  weak  a 
Condition,  as  to  be  able  only  faintly 
to  blow  their  BlofToms,  and  then 
moft  or  all  of  the  bearing  Branches 
have  died  i  which  has  given  Occa- 
fion  to  the  Owner  to  imagine  it 
was  the  EScCt  of  a  Blight,  when, 
in  reality,  it  was  only  for  want  of 
light  Management.  And,  I  am  fully 
perfuaded,  half  the  Blights  we  hear 
complained  of,  proceed  from  nothing 
dfe  but  this. 

Thefe  few  Rules,  well  executed, 
together  with  a  little  Obfervation 
sad  Care,  will  be  fnfiicient;  and, 
to  pretend  to  prefcrtbe  particular 
Diredions  for  all  the  different  Ac- 
dients,  or  manner  of  treating  Fruits, 
woold  be  impoflible  $  but  I  believe 
die  Reader  will  find  what  has  been 
iud,  if  dol;r  attended  to,  will  anfwer 
his  Defign;  for,  without  diligent 
OUervacioo,  there  can  be  no  fuck 
(Ud^  as  a  ikilful  Manager^  let  him 


A  R 

have  ever  fo  many  or  good  In, 
tions  laid  down  to  him. 

The  Bruffth  and  Brtia  Apricots, 
beiog,  for  the  moft  part,  planted' 
for  Standards,  will  require  very  little 
Pruning  or  Management;  only  ob' 
ferve  to  take  out  all  dead  Wood,or  fuch 
Branches  as  crofs  each  other;  this 
mud  be  done  eirly  in  Autumn,  or 
in  the  Spring,  after  the  cold  Weather 
is  paft,  that  the  Part  may  not  canker 
where  the  Incifion  is  made. 

ARMERIUS,  Sweet- William: 
Vide  Caryophy  1 1  us  Barbatus. 

ART  APH  AXIS,  Creeping 
fhrubby  Orrach. 

The  CharaSiert  are; 

//  hath  blink  Flowers^  fimruibmt 
Uk$  Orrach  :  tbi  Emfalimtni  of  tbt 
Flvwer  is  oft«wo  Leaves :  tbi  florwer 
is  9f  tivo  Leaves f  fjubicb  are  larger 
than  tbofe  of  the  Empahment :  tberg 
are  fix  Stamina  accompanying  tbg 
Ovarium:  ibe  Empalenunt  vichfet 
tbe  Ovarium,  v)hi(h  tsttns  /•  dfingU 
SteJ. 

The  Species  are  ; 

1.  Artaphaxxs  inermiff  folia 
undulatis,  Lin,  Trailing  flirubby 
Orrach,  with  waved  Leaves. 

2.  Artaphaxis  inermis^  foliis 
planis,  Lin.  Dwarf  fhrubby  Orrach, 
with  plain  Leaves. 

3.  Artaphaxis  ramis  fpinojls. 
Lin.  Shrubby  Orrach,  with  prickly 
Branches. 

The  firfl  Sort  has  been  preferved  in 
many  Gardens  of  curious  Plants  for 
fome  Years :  it  came  from  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  into  the  Gardens  of 
Holland,  and  has  been  fpread  into 
feveral  Parts  of  Europe :  the  Branches 
of  this  Plant,  being  flender  and  trail- 
ing, muft  be  fupponed  bv  Sticks 
from  lying  upon  tbe  Ground.  There 
is  very  little  Beauty  either  in  the 
Leaves  or  Flowers;  fo  it  is  only 
kept  for  Variety :  it  n^ay  be  eafily 
I  3  propa-. 


/ 


/ 


A  R 


propagated,  by  Cuttings  in  any  of 
the  Summer-months;  and  will  re* 
quire  to  be  iheltered  in  Winter, 
otherwife  the  Plants  will  not  live 
thro*  the  Winter  in  England. 

The  lecond  and  third  Sorts  are 
low  ihrubby  Plants  :  thefe  were 
brought  from  the  Levant  by  Dr. 
Tournefort:  the  fecond  he  ranges 
with  the  Docks,  and  the  third 
with  the  Orraches;  but  they  agree 
\tTy  well  in  their  Chara6ters;  io 
fhould  be  ranked  in  the  fame 
Genus. 

Thefe  may  be  propagated  cither 
by  Cuttings  in  the  Spring,  or  by 
fowing  ti)e  Seeds  upon  a  (hady  Bor- 
der in  March :  they  are  both  pretty 
hardy,  and  will  live  abroad  in  mild 
Winters,if  they  are  planted  in  a  warm 
Situation ;  but  one  or  two  Plants 
may  be  houfed,  for  fear  thofe  which 
9Xt  expofed  (hould  be  deftroyed. 

ARTEMISIA,  Mugwort. 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

7he  Flowery  and  Fruit  of  this  Plant 
'  tare  *viry  like  thofe  of  the  Wormwood^ 
hut  groav  ereS  upon  the  Branches  : 
the  Florets  are  of  a  purplijh  Colour  ; 
find  the  Leaves  J  for  the  moft  fart^ 
terminate  in  a  Jharp  Point  ^  are  cut 
into  many  Segments^  and  are  of  a 
dark  green  on  the  Upper 'Jide^  and 
hoary  on  the  other  Side, 
The  Species  are ; 

'^.  Artemisia  vulgaris  major , 
eaule  ^  flore  purpura  fcentibus,  C.  B, 
Common  great  Mugwort,  with  pur- 
plilh  Stalks  and  Flowers. 

2.  Artemisia  vulgaris  major ^ 
eaule  ex  viridi  alhicante,  Tourn, 
Common  great  Mugwort,  with  whi- 
tifh-green  Stalks. 

3  Artemisia  foliis  ex  luteo  va* 
riegatis,  H,  R.  P.  The  yellow- 
ftriped  Mugwort. 

4.  Artemisia  foliis  ex  albo 
wariegatis.  The  white- ftripcd  Mug- 
wprt, 


A  R 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  very 
common  upon  dry  Banks  and  Dong- 
hils  in  divers  Parts  of  Englemd, 
and  is  rarely  admitted  into  a  Gar- 
den. The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Variety 
of  the  firft,  which  is  rarely  fonnd 
in  England:  but  the  third  and  fourth 
Sorts  are  only  preferved  inGardens, 
for  the  Beauty  of  their  variegated 
Leaves.  Thefe  Soru  may  all  be 
propagated  by  parting  of  their  Roots 
either  in  Spring  or  Autumn,  and  will 
grow  in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Situation  ; 
but,  as  they  are  fubjed  to  fpread 
veryTar»  and  foon  over-run  a  large 
Spot  of  Ground,  they  fhould  be 
confined,  by  cutting  off  their  Side- 
(hoots,  to  keep  them  within  COm- 
pafs;  nor  Should  they  be  planted 
too  near  to  other  Plants,  left,  by 
their  fpreading  Roots,  they  fhould 
overbear  and  deilroy  them. 

The  firfl  Species  of  this  Plant  is 
nfed  in  Medicine :  the  Plant  is  oom<- 
monly  gathered  by  the  Herb-women 
in  the  Fields,  and  brought  to  the 
Markets :  it  is  from  one  Species  of 
Mugwort,  and  not  improbably  the 
firft,  that  the  famous  Moxa,  which 
is  ufed  to  burn  for  curing  the  Gout, 
is  taken,  it  being  the  Lanugo,  or 
downy  Subftance,  which  adheres  to 
the  Under' pare  of  the  Leaf. 

ARTICHOKE  is  called  by  the 
LeUitu  Gnara. 

The  Chara3ers  are ; 

//  is  very  like  the  Thijile  ;  hut  hath 
large  fcaly  Heads^  ivhich  are  fbap^d 
fomevuhat  like  the  Cone  of  the  Pine-^ 
tree :  the  Bottom  of  each  Scale,  as 
alfo  at  the  Bottom  of  the  Florets,  is  a 
thick  fiejhy  eatable  Subftance, 
Tiie  Species  are ; 

1.  CiNARA  hortivjis^  foliis  acule^ 
atis,  iff  non  aculeatis.  C»B.  The  Gar« 
den  -  artichoke,  witji  prickly  and 
fmooth  Leaves. 

2.  CiNARA   hortenfo,    ncn  acule^ 
4^tii^capitcfubr^bente,H,R.P,  Gar- 
den- 


A  R 

dcB-istkhoke,  without  Prickles,  and 
rediih  Heads. 

3.  C I  M  A  R  A  fylnjifiris  B^tica, 
Oaf.  Cmt.  Foft.  The  wild  Artichoke 

4.  Ql^AVLh/finofaj  cujus  fediculi 
tfitamiur.  C.  B.  P.  The  Chardon 
or  Cardooiiy  *vulgo. 

I  dioaght  proper  to  introdace  this 
Genas  under  the  Name  Artichoke, 
which  being  the  gcncrally-rcceiv'd 
Name  of  the  only  valuable  Species, 
it  might  be  better  here  plac*d  than 
under  ihe  Latin  Name  Cnara. 

There  is  at  prefent  but  one  Sort 
of  Artichoke  cultivated  in  the  Gar- 
dens near  London,  which  is  that  com- 
monly known  by  the  Name  of  the 
red  Artichoke:  formerly  the  green 
French  Sort  was  the  moft  common ; 
bat  fince  the  red  Sort  has  been  in- 
troduc'd,  the  other  has  been  rejedl- 
ed,  as  being  vaftly  inferior  in  Good- 
ficis  thereto.  ^ 

The  manner  of  propagating  this 
Plant  is  from  Slips  or  Suckers  taken 
from  the  oid  Roots  in  February  or 
March,  which,  if  planted  in  a  good 
Soil,  will  produce  large  fair  Fruit 
the  Autumn  following  :  but  as  this 
is  a  Plant  which  few  Gardeners,  that 
have  not  been  inHrufted  in  the 
Kitchen -gardens  near  London,  under- 
ftand  to  manage  well,  I  (hall  be  the 
jDore  particular  in  my  Directions 
aboDt  it. 

At  the  Latte^end  o^  February,  or 
in  March,  according  to  the  Good- 
ncfs  of  the  Seafcft,  or  Forwardnefs 
of  the  old  Artichoke  flocks,  wiU  be 
the  proper  time  for  dreffing  them, 
which    mufl    be   thus    performed : 
With  your  Spade  temove  all  the 
Earth  from  about  your  Stock,  down 
bdow  the  Part  from  whence  the 
young  Shoots  are  produced,  clear- 
ing the  Earth   from   between  the 
Shoots,  fo  as  to  be  able  to  judge 
the  Coodncfs  of  each,  wiib  their 


A  R 

proper  Pofidon  upon  the  Stock  ; 
then  make  choice  of  two  of  tho 
cleared,  ftruteft,  and  moft  promif* 
ing  Plants  that  are  produced  from 
the  Under  part  of  the  Stock,  which 
you  are  to  let  remain  for  a  Crop ; 
then  with  your  Thumb  force  off  all 
the  other  Plants  and  Buds,  dofe  to 
the  Head  of  the  Stock,  from  whence 
they  are  produced,  and  with  your 
Spade  draw  the  Earth  about  the  two 
Plants  which  are  left,  and  with  your 
Hands  clofe  it  faft  to  each  of  them» 
feparating  them  as  far  afunder  as 
they  can  conveniently  be  plac'd 
without  breaking  them,  obferving 
to  crop  off  the  1  ops  of  the  Leaves 
which  hang  down,  with  your  Hands : 
your  Ground  being  levell'd  between 
the  Stacks,  you  may  fow  thereon  a' 
fmall  Crop  of  Spinach,  which  will 
be  taken  off  before  the  Artichokes 
will  cover  the  Ground  ;  and  be  fure 
to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds ; 
and  toward  the  Latter-end  of  Jpril, 
or  the  Beginning  of  May,  when  your 
Plants  begin  to  fliew  their  Fruit,  you 
muft  carefully  look  over  yourStocks, 
and  draw  up  all  young  Plants  from 
them,  which  may  have  been  pro- 
duced fince  their  DrefTmg,  and  cut 
off  all  Suckers  which  are  produc'<^ 
from  the  Stems  of  the  ArtichokeSj^ 
leaving  only  the  principal  Head,  by 
which  means  your  Fruit  will  be  the 
larger  :  when  your  Artichokes  are 
fit  to  gather,  you  muft  break,  or  cut 
them  down  clofe  to  the  Surface  of 
th^  Ground,  that  your  Stocks  may 
make  ftrong  frefh  Shoots  before  the 
End  of  OSiober,  which  is  the^Seafon 
for  Earthing,  or,  as  the  Gardeners 
term  it.  Landing  them  up;  which 
is  thus  done : 

Cut  oft"  all  the  young  Shoots  quite 
clofe  to  the  Surface  of  the  Ground  ; 
then  dig  between  every  Stock,  raiiing 
all  the  Earth  between  each  Row  of 
Stocks  into  a  Ridge^  as  is  done  in 
I  4  th« 


A  R 

tV  common  Metl^od  of  trencUng 
Ground,  fo  as  that  the  Row  of  Ar- 
tichokes may  be  exactly  in  the  Mid- 
dle of  each  Kidge  ;  this  will  be  fuf- 
£cient  to  guard  them  againft  Frofl : 
9nd  I  woiHd  here  recommend  it  to 
the  Public,  as  infinitely  preferable 
to  long  Dung,  which  is  by  the  Un- 
Ikilful  often  ufed,  and  is  the  Occa* 
iion  of  their  Fruit  being  fmall,  and 
illmoft  without  any  Bottoms  to  them ; 
for  there  is  not  any  thing  fo  hurtful 
to  thefe,  as  new  Dung  being  either 
buried  near,  or  laid  about  them.  Ob-r 
ftrve,  (h^t  although  I  have  mention- 
ed OSober  as  the  Seafon  for  earth- 
ing them,  yet,  if  the  Weather  proves 
intld,  it  may  be  defeired  till  any 
lime  in  Novcmher^ 

Since  we  have  experienced,  that, 
in  fevere  Frofb,  thefe  Roots  are 
fometimes  defbroyed,  therefore  it  is 
proper  to  give  fome  Dire^ions  to 
prevent  it  5  although  this  rarely  hap- 
^  pens  in  dry  Ground,  in  which  we 
have  but  few  Inflances  of  their  be- 
ing killed,  except  in  the  hard  Frolls 
of  1683.  and  1739-40.  In  tjiefc  two 
Winters  moft  of  the  Artichokes  were 
deftroyed  in  England :  in  the  laft  of 
thefe  Winters,  it  happened  from  the 
little  Care  which  was  taken  of  them, 
there  having  been  no  Frofl  for  fo 
many  Years  before,  which  had  in- 
jured them,  that  few  People  ufed 
any  Care  to  prefer vc  them  ;  but  fmce 
that  hard  Froft,  many  People  have 
Tun  into  the  other  Extreme  of  cover- 
ing all  their  Roots  of  Artichokes 
with  loqg  Dung  every  Winter, which 
is  a  very  bad  Method,  becaufe  the 
Dung  lying  near  the  Roots  is  very 
^pt  to  rot  the  beft  Plants  :  therefore 
J  would  advife  the  Earthing  (or,  as 
it  \%  chilled  by  the  Gj^rdepers,  Land- 
ing) of  th^  Artichokes  to  be  defer- 
red till  t]ie  Middle  or  Latter-end  of 
'No^tmhir^  ppyided  the  Seafon  con- 
^nues  fo  long  mildj  sind  toward 


CbriJImas^  if  there  is  any  Danger  of 
fevere  Frofls,  to  lay  a  Quantity  of 
long  Dung,  Peas-haulm,  Tanners 
Bark,  or  any  other  light  Covering, 
over  the  Ridges  of  Eaitb,  which  will 
keep  out  the  Froft  s  and  this,  being 
at  a  Diftance  from  the  Roots,  viriu 
not  injure  them ;  but  this  Coveriog 
fhould  be  carefully  taken  oflF  the  Be- 
ginning of  Ftbru4^ry^  provided  the 
Seafon  is  piild,  or  at  1^  fo  foon  a« 
the  Weather  is  fo,  othcrwifc  the 
Plants  ^ill  be  injured  by  its  l^ng^ 
too  long  upon  them. 

It  will  alfo  be  a  good  Method, 
whenever  any  Ropts  of  Artichokes 
are  dug  up  in  the  Autumn,  either  ta 
bury  (bei^  deep  in  the  Ground  in  9 
Pit  till  Springy  or  lay  them  in  six 
Heap,  fo  as  that  they  may  he  caiily 
covered  in  hard  Frofts;  and  thefe 
may  be  ^  Supply,  if  thpfc  in  the 
Ground  are  dellroyed. 

When  you  have  thus  earthed  theoi 
up,  you  have  nothing  more  to  do 
till  February .  pr  March^  by  which 
time  tliey  will  have  grown  through 
the  Ridge  of  the  Earth  %  and^^  when 
the  Weather  is  proper,  muft  be  drelT- 
ed  as  was  before  dire^ed. 

When  you  have  a  mind  to  make 
a  new  Plantation,  after  having  dig- 

fed  and  buried  fome  very  rotten 
)ung  in  the  Gro\^nd  you  have  allot- 
ted  for  that  Purpofe,  make  choice 
of  fuch  of  your  Plants  as  were  taken 
from  your  old  Stocks,  which  are 
clear,  found,  and  not  woody,  have- 
ing  fome  Fibres  to  their  Botlom  ; 
then  with  your  Knife  cut  off  that 
knobbed  woody  Part,  which  joinec) 
them  to  the  Stock ;  and  if  that  cuts 
crifp  and  tender,  it  is  a  Sign  of  iu 
(joodnefs ;  but  if  tough  and  ftnngyi 
throw  it  away  a^  good  for  nothing ; 
then  cut  olT  the  large  outfide  Leaves 
pretty  low^  that  the  Middle, pr  Hcartr 
leaves,  may  be  above  them.  Voui^ 
Plants  being  thus  prepared  (if  the 

li^cath^ 


A  R 

T  is  very  dry,  or  tlie  Plants 
hSiVf  been  any  time  taken  from  the 
I  Stocks^  it  will  be  convenient  to  fet 
tbem  uprigbt  into  9  Tub  of  Wa- 
ter for  three  or  four  Hours  before 
they  are  planted^  which  will  greatly 
lefrefh  them),  you  maft  then  pro- 
ceed to  planting,  which  muft  be  done 
t>y  ranging  a  Line  acrofs  th$  Ground, 
in  order  to  their  being  plac'd  exa£t- 
]y  in  a  Row,  and  with  a  Meafu  re- 
side plant  them  at  two  Feet  Diflance 
^om  each  other  in  the  Rows ;  and 
if  defign'd  for  a  full  Crop,  Bvt  Feet 
I>ifiance  Row  from  Row:  your 
Plants  mnft  be  fet  about  four  Inches 
deep,  and  the  Earth  dofed  very  fad 
to  their  Roots;  obferving,  if  the 
Scafon  proves  dry,  to  keep  them  wa- 
ter*d  two  or  three  times  a  Week,  un- 
til they  are  growing,  after  which 
they  feldom  require  any. 

N.  B.  You  may  fow  a  thin  Crop 
pf  Spinach  upon  the  Ground  before 
yon  plant  your  Plants,  obferving  to 
clear  it  from  about  them  after  it  is 
come  up. 

The4  Plants,  in  a  kindly  Seafon, 
or  a  moift  Soil,  will  produce  the 
largeft  and  beft  Artichokes,  fome 
time  in  Augufi  and  Stptemher^  after 
all  thofe  from  the  old  Stocks  are 
pad ;  fo  that  if  you  intend  to  con- 
tiDoe  your  Artichokes  through  the 
whole  Seafon,  you  muft  plant  frefh 
^▼cry  Year,  otherwife  you  can't  pof- 
(bty  have  Fruk  longer  than  two 
Months,  or  ten  Weeks. 

If  any  of  the  Plants  which  you 
planted  in  the  Spring,  (hould  no( 
frnit  in  the  Autumn,  you  may,  at  th^ 
Seafon  of  earthi^  your  Roots,  i\p 
np  the  Leaves  with  a  fmall  Willow 
twi^  &r.  an4  lay  the  Earth  up  clofe 
tt>  diem,  fo  that  the  Tops  of  the 
Rants  may  be  above-ground ;  and 
when  die  Froft  comes  on,  if  you  will 
pjrcr'thc  Top  with  a  little  Straw, 
If  f  r|9-|4alin>  theie  Plants  will  pvo- 


A  R 

duee  Fruit  in  Winter,  or  early  m 
the  Spring. 

But  if  you  intend  to  plant  other 
things  between  your  Artichokes,  you 
muft  allow  nine  or  ten  Feet  between 
the  Rows,  as  is  often  praftisM  by  the 
Kitchen-gardeners  near  London^  who 
fow  the  uround  between  with  Ra- 
difhes  or  Spinach,  and  plaot  two 
Rows  of  Cauliflowers,  at  four  Feet 
Diftance  Row  from  Row,  and  two 
Feet  and  an  half  Diftance  in  theRows 
between  them;  fo  that  there  are 
always  five  Feet  allowM  for  the  Ar- 
tichokes to  grow  ;  and  in  ikftfjp,whea 
the  Radi(hes  or  Spinach  are  taken 
off,  they  fow  a  Row  of  Cucumbers 
for  Pickling,  exadUy  between  the  two 
Rows  of  Cauliflowers,  and  at  three 
Feet  Diftance  from  each  other;  and 
between  the  Rows  of  Cauliflower! 
and  Artichokes,  plant  a  Row  of  Cab- 
bages or  Savoys  for  Winter- ufe, 
which,  when  the  Cauliflowers  are 
drawn  off,  and  the  Artichokes  ga« 
ther'd,  will  have  full  Liberty  to 
grow  I  and  by  this  means  the  Ground 
is  fully  employed  through  the  whole 
Seafon. 

In  thofe  which  are  planted  at  five 
Feet  piftance  Row  from  Row,  you 
may  plant  in  every  other  Row  m 
Line  of  Cabbages  or  Savoys*  for 
Winter- ufe,  which  will  be  gone  by 
the  time  of  landing  them  up;  in  the 
doing  of  which,  you  muft  lay  the 
whole  five  Feet  of  Earth  into  one 
Ridge,  except  the  Ground  be  ex- 
treme ftiff,  or  the  Plants  young,  in 
both  which  Cafes  yon  may  lay, only 
three  Feet  and  an  half:  the  fame 
Compafs  of  Ground  muft  alfo  be  al- 
lowed where  they  are  planted  at  a 
wider  Diftance. 

And  if,  in  the  Spring,  you  find 
your  Stocks  flioot  very  weak,  which 
may  have  been  occafionM  either  by 
hani  Frofls,  or  too  much  Wet,  you 
W^  then  uncover  them,  and  with 

your 


\ 


X 


A  R  A  R 

yoor  Spade  loofen  and  bieak  the  The  Species  zre-, 

£arth  about  them,  raiiing  a  (mall  i.  Akvm  *vuigare  non  maeulatum'^ 

Jlill  about  each  Stock,  levelling  the  C,  B.  P,  Common  Arum  or  Waike* 

reft  between  the  Rows,  wbldvwill  robin. 

greatly  help  them ;    and  in  three  .    2.  Arum  mactJatum,  maculh  can^ 

Weeks,  or  a  Month's  time  after,  they  diJis.  C.  B.  P.  Arum  whofe  Leaves 

nre  commonly  fit  to  flip.  are  marked  with  White. 

Thofe  Artichokes,  which  are  plant-  3.  Akv  m  maculafttm,  maailisiu' 

cd  in  a  moid  rich  Soil,  will  always  gris.  C.  B,  P.    Arum  with  black- 

produce  the  largefl  and  beft  Fruit ;  fpotted  Leaves. 

10  that  where  fuch  a  Soil  can  be  ob-  4.  A  a  u  m  vents  alhiSf  halieum 

tain*d,  it  will  be  proper  to  make  a  maxmum.  C.  B.  P.    Greateft  Ita* 

frefh  Plantation  every  Spring,  to  fuc-  Han  Arum>  whofe  Leaves  have  while 

ceed  the  old  Stocks,  and  fupply  the  Veins. 

Table  in  Autumn.     But  the  Roots  5.  Arum  Afrlcanum^  fiore  aib9 

will  not  live  through  the  Winter  in  oiorato.    Par.  Bat,     The  African 

a  moifl  Soil,    fo  that  your  Stocks  Arum,    with  white  fweet-fbielling 

which  you  intend  fhould  remain,  to  Flowers. 

fupply  the  Table  early,  and  to  fur-  6.  Arum  efculentnm^  fa^ttaris 

nifh Plants,  fhould  be  in  a  drier  Situ-  follis  viridi-nigricantibus,  Sloan.Cai^ 

ation.  Yon  fhould  always  obferve  to  Jam.   The  American  eatable  Arum, 

plant  thefe  in  an  open  Situation,  and  with  Leaves  like  Spearwort. 

not  under  the  Drip  of  Trees,  where  7.  Arum  maximum  ^gypiiacnm^ 

they  will  draw  up  very  tall,  and  pro-  quodfuulgo  Colocajia.  C.  B,  The Egj^p- 

duce  fmall  infignifican t  Fruit.  tian  Arum,  vulgarly  called Colocafia . 

The  third  Sort  is  only  preferved  8.  Arum  maximum  JEgyptiacum^ 

in  Botanic  Gardens  for  Variety :  and  quod  <vu!go  Colocajia^  cauliculis  nigri- 

the  fourth  Sort  is  particularly  treat-  cantibus,  Zeylanica.  H,L.    Greatefl 

cd  under  the  Article  Cinara.  Egyptian  Arum  or  CoUcaJia,   with 

ARTICHOKES    of  Jeru/alem,  blackifh  Stalks. 

Fide  Helianchus.  The  ftrfl  Sort  is  very  common  nn- 

ARUM, Wake-robin,  or  Cuckow-  der  Hedges,   and  by  the  Sides  of 

pint.  Banks,    in  moft  Parts  of  Englamd. 

The  Cbara^ers  are ;  This  is  direfted  by  the  College  of 

The  Lea'ves^  'which  are  intiret  are  Phyficians  for  medicinal  Ufe  ;  but 

long  and  triangular^    and  ear'd  or  the  fecond  and  third  Sorts,  which 

darted  at  the  Ba/e :  the  Flower  con-  are  Varieties  of  the  firft,   and  arc 

Jifts  of  one  Leaf^  is  of  an  anomalous  often  found  interfperfed  with  it,  I 

Figure^  or  fiap^d  like  an  Aji*s  Ear  :  believe,  may  be  either  of  them  ufed 

from  the  Bottom  of  the  Flower  rifes  indifferently.     Thefe  Plants  are  fel- 

the  Pointal^  accompanied  with  a  great  dom  kept  io  Gardens,  being  fo  com- 

wiany  Embryo^j,   each  of  luhich  be-  mon  in  the  Fields,  where  they  are 

eomes  a  roundijh  Berry^  containing  em  ufually  gathered  for  the.  Markets, 

ar  tivo  roundijh  Seeds,  The  befl  Seafon  for  taking  up  thefe 

This  Plant  is  called  Wake-robin,  Roots  for  Ufe,    is  in  July  or  Augufl, 

from  the  Iharp  acrid  Tafle,  which »    after  their  Leaves  are  decayed  i  for 

if  eaten,  will  occafion  a  violent  Pain  when  they  are  taken  up  while  their 

in  every  Part  of  the  Mouth  and    Leaves  are  green,  the  Roots  flirink,^ 

Throat,  attended  commonly  with  a    and  lofe  moll  of  their  Virtue. 

great  Defluxion  of  Water*  Thtf 


A  R 

Tk  fourth  Sort  is  cqaallj.  hardy 
with  oar  common  Sort,  and  will  en- 
dare  the  Cold  of  our  Winters  very 
well.  Thb  b  preferred  in  Botanic 
Gardens  for  Variety  ;  bat  is  feldom 
planted  in  Gardens  of  Pleafare.  All 
thefe  Plants  fhould  have  a  light  dry 
Soil,  and  require  no  other  Cultare, 
bat  to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds. 
The  fifth  Sort  produces,  in  the 
Spring,  large  white  Flowers,  upon 
a  Ptttide  four  or  five  Feet  long, 
naking  an  handfbme  Shew  in  the 
Green-houfe  in  aCoUe^on  of  Plants. 
The  Flowers  have  a  faint  fweet  Scent, 
hot  omtinue  a  long  time  blowing. 

Thb  is  propagated  by  parting  the 
Roou  (which  are  kncbl^d)  in  Ju- 
ptf,  when  the  Leaves  are  decayed, 
and  mnft  be  planted  in  Pots  filled 
vith  good  rich  Eaxth,  and  houfed-ia 
Winter  with  Oranges,  ^e. 

The  fijcth,  feventh,   and  eighth 

Sons  are  tenderer,  and  will  not  live 

through  the  Winter  without  a  Stove ; 

thtCe  have  large  fair  Leaves,    but 

lutly  produce  any  Flowers  in  Eng- 

l^.  The  Roots  of  thefe  three  Sorts 

are  quite  of  a  different  Nature  from 

the  other  Arams,  having  a  foft  fweet 

Tiile,  fomewhat  refembling  that  of 

uiHazel-Dut,  and  are  very  much 

€>tcn  in  America^  where  they  are 

called  Edders ;  as  is  alfo  the  lail  in 

Thefe  are  propagated  in  the  fame 
manner  as  the  fifth  s  but  mud  be  ne- 
^ct  exposM  to  the  open  Air  with  us, 
which  will  foon  deface  their  Leaves. 
ARUNDO,  The  Reed. 
The  CharaStrs  are  ; 
h  is  of  the  Grafs  kind^  from  fwbUb 
^  '{^/rj  0nij  in  Magnitude, 
The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Arundo  vulgaris  pa luflr is,  J. 
B.  2.  485.     The  common  Reed. 

2.  AauNDO  faii'va^  qu/t  Donax 
T^ftftmdisTheophraJli,  C.  B.  The 
large  manured  Cane  or  Reed, 

6 


A  R 

3.  Arvnoo  Indica  *variegafa,  fern 
LacomcaTbeophrafiLConmt*  ^^,  The 
variegated  Reed. 

4.  Arundo  Indica  arBona^  Mam- 
Bu  WBambu  diSa.  The  Bambu- 
cane. 

J.  A  RUN  00  Indica  arborea^  am" 
fh  p§diculat9 folio.  B a  M  B  vjpecies  ai» 
tfra.  Raii  Hift,  1316.  The  odier 
Bambu-cane. 

6.  AwjJh DO  fcriptoria  atro-rubeMi, 
C.B.P,  Dark-red  Reed,  which  ia 
ufed  as  a  Pen  for  writing. 

7.  Arundo  repent,  ^vei  cbamitca" 
lasnus.C.B.P.  Dwarf  creeping  Reed* 

8.  Arundo  faccbarifera,  C.  B, 
The  Sugar-cane.  This  Species  is, 
by  Dr.  Linmtits,  made  a  new  Genus, 
by  the  Title  of  Saccbarum, 

The  firft  Sort  is  fo  very  common 
by  the  Sides  of  Rivers,  and  large 
ftanding  Waters,  in  divers  Parts  oF 
England,  that  it  is  needlefs  for  me 
to  fay  any  thing  of  its  Culture.  This 
is  cut  in  Aqtamn,  when  the  Leaves 
begin  to  fall,  and  the  Stems  are 
changed  brown,  for  making  Hedges 
in  Kitchen-gardens,  and  for  many 
other  Ufes. 

The  fccond  Sort,  although  a  Na- 
tive of  a  warm  Country,  yet  will 
bear  the  Cold  of  our  fevercft  Win- 
ters in  the  open  Ground  :  it  dies  to 
the  Surface  in  Autumn,  and  rifes 
again  the  fuccecding  Spring ;  and, 
if  kept  fupplied  with  Water  in  dry 
Weather,  will  grow  ten  or  twelve 
Feet  high  the  fame  Summer ;  and  is 
very  proper  to  intermix  with  fmall 
Trees  and  Shrubs,  or  tall  Plants  and 
Flowers,  in  Bofquets ;  where,  by  the 
Oddnefs  of  its  Appearance,  it  will 
have  a  good  EfFedl,  in  adding  to  the 
Variety.  This  is  propagaccd  by  part- 
ing the  Roots  early  in  the  Spring, 
before  they  begin  to  (hoot,  and  will, 
in  a  Year  or  two,  if  your  Ground 
be  good,  make  very  large  Stools  j 
fo  that  from  each  Clump  you  may 

have 


A  R 

hire  twenty  or  thirty  large  Canes 
produced. 

Tkis  Sort  is  brought  from  Portu- 
gal and  Spain,  and  is  ufed  by  the 
Weavers.as  alCo  to  makeFi(hing-rods. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Variety  of  the 
fecondy  differing  therefrom,  in  have- 
ing  varieeated  Leaves.  This,  being 
weakened  by  the  Variegation,  is  of 
much  lower  Growth,  and  is  more  in 
J3langer  of  being  deflroyed  by  Frof! ; 
fo  fhould  be  (heltered  in  Winter. 

The  two  Sorts  of  Bambu  are  of 
great  Service  to  the  Inhabitants  of 
JffJia,  who  make  moft  of  their  com- 
snon  Utenfils  of  the  Stems  pf  thefe 
Canes,  which  grow  to  a  prodigious 
Magnitude  in  thofe  Countries.  In 
England  xYicy  are  preferved  as  Curio- 
flties^and  require  a  Stove  to  preferve 
them  in  Winter.  '  They  require  a 
rich  light  Earth,  and  fhould  be  fre- 
quently watered :  their  Roots  fpread.- 
ing  very  far,  ihey  (hould  have  a  large 
Share  of  room.  I  have  known  one 
of  thefe  Plants,  when  put  into  a  large 
Tub,  and  placed  in  a  Bark-bed  in 
the  Stove,  by  being  often  watered, 
produce  one  Stem  from  the  Root  up- 
wards of  fixteen  Feet  high  in  the 
Space  of  four  Months. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  what  the  Turh 
make  their  Writing-pens  withsj ; 
tJiis  grows  in  a  Valley  near  Mount 
jithoi,  as  alfo  on  the  Banks  of  the 
River  Jordan ;  but  there  are  none 
of  the  Plants  in  England,  This  Sort 
may  be  managed  as  the  Bambu  ;  as 
may  alfo  the  feventh.Sort,  which 
grows  in  Arabia. 

The  Sugar- cane  is  very  tender, 
and  cannot  be  preferved  without  a 
i>toyc  :  it  is  kept  as  a  great  Curiofity 
in  the  Gardens  of  fuch  as  love  a  V^a- 
riety  pf  Plants,  as  being  the  Plant 
from  whence  the  Sugar  is  produced. 

It  will'grow  with  us  to  theHeight 
of  eight  or  nine  Feet,  if  carefully 
lookpd  aficr ;  and  uuiy  be  propa- 


A  R 

gated,  by  uking  off  the  Sxde-ffioot» 
in  the  Spring,  planting  them  in  Pocs 
of  good  rich  Earth,   plunging  the 
Pots  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tannera 
Bark,  to  promote  their  taking  frefh 
Roots,  and  mnit  be  often  waxered. 
The  main  Stem  is  very  fubje^  to 
decay  with  us  in  Winter ;  but  the 
Root  commonly  puflies  out  xnany 
new  Shoots :   if  this  happens,  you 
mufl  mind  to  dear  the  young  Shoots 
from  the  dead  Leaves  of  the  old  Stem, 
which  will  much  fb'engthen  them. 

The  Sugar-cane  is  often  infeiled 
by  the  fame  Infcdls  in  the  Stove  in 
England^  which  are  fo  deftruAive  to 
the  Canes  in  America  \  and  thefe  fre-^ 
quently  attack  other  Plants,  which 
grow  near  them.  Thefe  Infe^  ivere 
originally  brought  over  upon    the 
Plants  which  have  been  fent  n-om  the 
Wifi' Indies ;    and   in  fome   Stoves 
have  propagated  fo  fad,  as  almoll  ta 
cover  and  dellroy  all   the  Plants. 
Many  Direftions  have  been  given  ta 
deilroy  thefe  Vermin,  both  in  E^ig- 
land  and  America ;  but  thefe  have 
been  tried  with  little  Succefs.    As  I 
have  had  frequent  Opportunities  or 
making  Experiments  upon  theie  In- 
feds  in  the  Stoves,  I  fhall  beg  Leave 
to  mention  what  has  been  the  Refult 
of  thofe  Experiments ;  and,  if  it  may 
be  of  Ufe  to  the  Planters  in  Aine- 
rica,  I  (hall  think  myfelf' happy  in, 
having  furniflied  any  Hints  which 
may  be  of  public  Benefit. 

Upon  finding  the  Plants  in  the 
Stoves  greatly  infeftcd  with  thefe  In- 
fers, I  prepared  fome  Water,  in 
which  a  large  Quantity  of  Tobacco 
had  been  foaked  twenty-four  Hours ; 
with  this  Water  I  waihed  all  the 
Plants  with  Sponges,  to  make  them 
as  clean  as  poffible,  fo  that  ytry  few 
Infe£ls  appeared,  or,  at  leafl,  feemed 
to  have  Life  ;  but,  in  two  or  three 
Days  after,  they  were  covered  agaiiv 
as  much  as  before.    I  then  tried  an 

Infufiou 


A  S 

lofafion  of  6jo«#^pepper,  another 
of  firiinftone,  and  afcerwaxds  of  ma- 
my  other  Things,  needlefs  to  repeat ; 
bat  found  ihefc  Things  were  of  lit- 
tle or  no  Ufe ;  nor  could  I,  by  any 
Waflung  or  Cleaning,  get  th«  bet- 
ter of  thefe  Infe^  ;  and,  feeing  the 
Plants  daily  decline,  I  began  to  fu- 
fpedy  that  the  Caufe  of  this  great  In- 
creaie  of  the  Infefts  was  from  a 
Weaknefs   and    Diftemper   in  the 
Plants :   therefore  I  applied  myfelf 
to  remedy  this,  by  taking  all  the 
Plants  oat  of  the  Pots,  planting  them 
in  better  Earth,  removed  the  old  Tan 
oat  of  the  Bark-bed,  and  pot  in  new ; 
then  waflied  the  Plants  with  com- 
mon Water,  to  get  off  as  many  of 
the  Infeds  at  I  cduld,  and  plunged 
them  into  the  new  Tan  :  by  this  Ma- 
nagement I  recovered  the  Plants  to 
a  vigoroas  State,  when  the  Infers 
left  them  ;  and  this  I  have  often  re- 
peated with  the  fame  Saccefs ;  and 
have  freqa^tly  obferved,  that, when 
Plants  of  the  fame  Kind  grow  near 
each  other,  if  one  has  been  fickly, 
the  Infefls  have  fpread  over  it,whj!e 
the   healthy   Plants    have    efcaped 
them :   and,  from  all  the  repeated 
Trials  I  have  made  upon  the  Growth 
of  Plants,  I  have  been  fully  convin- 
ced, that  thefe  Infedls  are  not  the 
Caufe,  but  the  Effeft,  of  the  Sick- 
nefs  of  Plants ;  fo  that,  inftcad  of 
applying  ourfelves  to  dcilroy  the  In- 
fers, we  fhoold  rather  endeavour  to 
recover  the  Plants  to  Health;  for 
no  healthy  Plant  is  ever  feized  by 
thefe  Infe£ts ;  but,  whenever  the  Per- 
fpiration  of  the  Plant  is  flopped,  they 
immediately  attack  it ;  and,  by  their 
(bdden  and  numerous  Increafe,  foon 
overfpread  the  whole  Surface  of  the 
Plant. 

ASARUM,  Afarabacca, 
The  CbaraSers  are; 

7he  Calyx  (or  F/otuer-ekf)  is  <//-    • 
laid int 9  four  Parts:  tbi  fruit  is 


A  S 

di<vided  into  fix  dtts^  which  arefiU^ 
id  tvith  ohlong  Seeds :  to  'which  may 
he  added^  The  Lean/ts  an  rouudifi^^ 
thick  ^  and  almoft  of  the  Colour  rfthofi 
of  the  Itpy-tree, 

There  are  twoS/^rfViof  thisHaiit 
in  the  Englijh  Gardens ;  ^s. 

1.  Asa  RUM.  C.  B,  The  common 
Afarabacca. 

2.  A  s  A  R  V  M  Canadenfe.  Coruuf. 
The  Canada  Afarabacca. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  is  very  com- 
mon, and  hath  been  found  wild,  in 
fome  Parts  of  England,  though  but 
rarely  ;  it  delights  in  a  moift  fhadjr 
Place  ;  and  is  increafed  by  parting 
the  Roots  in  Autumn.  This  is  the 
Sort  which  is  ufed  in  Medicine. 

It  is  chiefly  ufed  in  green  Emt^ 
tics  for  Madnefs ;  and  it  is  a  great 
Stenintatory ;  a  fmall  Quantity  of 
the  Powder  of  the  Leaves,  being 
mixed  with  SnuiF,  will  occafion  vio- 
lent Sneezings. 

The  Powder  of  this  Herb  has 
been  ftrongly  recommended  by  the 
Inhabitants  of  NorfolJ^,  to  be  ufed  on 
Cattle  when  troubled  with  the  late 
raging  Diftemper,  which,  if  blown 
u^  the  Noflrils  of  the  fick  Cattle, 
will  occafion  a  violent  Difcharge 
from  the  Head  by  the  Nofbils ;  and 
this,  they  have  affirmed,  has  cared 
great  Numbers  of  Cattle,  which  wei« 
at  the  lafl  Stage  of  the  Diflemper. 

The  Canada  Sort  is  tolerabljp 
hardy,  and  will  endure  our  common 
Winters  in  the  (x>en  Ground,  being 
rarely  hurt  but  by  great  Frofb,  or 
planting  it  in  a  wet  Soil.  This  is 
propagated  as  the  other. 

Both  thefe  Sorts  preferve  their 
green  Leaves  in  Winter,  which  de« 
cay  as  their  new  ones  are  produced  r 
their  Flowers  appear  in  JpHly  which 
grow  fo  dofe  to  the  Ground,  as  not 
to  be  feen,  unlefs  you  put  away  the 
Leaves  with  your  Hand:  the  firft 
Sort  produces  ripe  Seeds ;  but  it  n 

not 


A  S 

not  worth  tbe  Troeble  of  fowing,  it 
being  two  Years  before  thefe  Plants 
will  have  any  Strength;  and  they  are 
much  ea£lier  raifed  by  Slips  :  the  fe- 
«ood  very  rarely  produces  good  Seeds 
in  England, 

ASCLEPIAS4  Hirundinaria,  or 
Swallow-wort. 

TYitCharaaeriZxti 

It  hath  a  Flcnjoer  conjtfiing  ef  om 
JLeaf^  'which  is  di'viiedintofi'vt  Partly 
Mxfandtd  inform  of  a  Star  :  the  O^uary 
^€omts  a  Fruit f  tjohich  ii^  for  the 
moft  part,  eomfofed  of  ttwo  mtmhra' 
nous  Hufks^  *which  open  from  the  Bot^ 
lorn  to  the  Top,  inclojtng  many  Seeds, 
which  are  covered ivith  a  fine' Domm, 
mnd  are  fixed  to  tbe  Membrane,  juft 
as  Scales  are  difpofed  upon  the  Skins 
of  Fijhes :  this  Plant  hath  no  milky 
Jnice,  ivherein  it  differs  from  the 
Dogs-bane, 

The  Species  are; 

1.  AscLE?iA8  albo  fore.  C.  B, 
The  common  Swallow-wort,  with 
white  Flowers. 

2.  AscLEPiAS  nigro  fore,  C,  B, 
The  common  Swallow-wort,  with 
black  Flowers. 

3.  AscLEPiAS  angufiifolia,  fore 
flavefcente,  H.  R.  Par,  The  nar- 
row-lcav'd  Swallow-wort,  with  ycl- 
4ow  Flowers. 

4.  AsCLEPl  AS  jf/ricana  aizoides. 
7ourn.  The  African  Swallow-wort, 
commonly  called,  Fritillaria  erajfa, 

5.  AscLEPiAS  Africana  aizoides, 
fore  ^pulchre  fimbriato.  Com.  Rar, 
The  .^iViiJir  Swallow- wort,  with  fair 
hairy  Flowers,  commonly  called,  Fri- 
tiUaria  crerffa  major, 

6.  AscLEPiAS  Africana  aizaides, 

folio  compreffo  digitato   ^   crifato, 

Boerh,  Ind,    The  African  Swallow- 

wort,with  crefted  Leaves,  commonly 

called,  the  Cockfcomb  Fricillan'a. 

The  three  firft  Sorts  are  very  hardy, 
and  will  endure  the  Winter^s  Cold  in 
the  open  Ground :  the  firil  Sort  is 


A  s 

iometimes  nfcd  in  Medicine,  and  is 
for  that  Purpofe  preferved  in  the  Phy- 
fic-gardens :  they  are  all  three  of 
them  propagated,  by  parting  their 
Roots,  either  in  Spring  or  Autamn  ; 
and  will  grow  in  almoft  any  Sort  of 
Soil :  they  may  be  alfo  raifed  from 
Seeds,  which  mufl  be  fown  early  in 
the  Spring,  in  a  Bed  of  common 
Earth ;  and  the  fecond  Year  the 
young  Plants  will  produce  Flowers  ; 
but  thefe,  excepting  the  fecond  Sort, 
rarely  produce  any  good  Seeds  in 
England, 

The  fourth,  fifth,  and  iixth  Sorts 
are  Native^  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
and  were  firft  brought  from  thence 
into  the  Dutch  Gardens,  and  were 
afterwards  brought  into  England: 
thefe  Plants  are  propagated,  by 
planting  Cuttings  in  any  of  the  Sum- 
mer-months; which  Cuttings  fhould 
be  taken  from  the  Plants,  at  leaft  a 
Week  before  they  are  planted,  and 
laid  in  a  dry  Place,  that  the  Wound 
may  be  healed,  and  the  MoiHure 
evaporated,  otherwife  they  are  very 
apt  to  rot :  thefe  Cuttings  mud  be 
planted  in  fmall  Pots  filled  with  a 
fandy  Soil ;  and,  after  having  flood 
about  a  Week  abroad  in  a  fhady 
Place,  you  may  plunge  the  Pots  into 
a  wtry  moderate  Hot-bed,  which 
will  greatly  forward  their  making 
new  Roots:  in  about  a  Month^s 
time  after  planting,  you  muft  begin 
to  harden  thenl,  by  expofing  them 
to  the  open  Air ;  but  do  not  let 
them  receive  much  Wet,  which  is 
a  great  Enemy  to  thefe  Plants;  and, 
in  the  Beginning  of  September,  you 
muft  houfe  them  with  the  imaller 
Sorts  of  Aloes,  giving  them  very 
little  Water  in  the  Wintcr-feafon. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  very  fubjefl  to 
flower  every  Year ;  hut  the  fourth 
and  fixth  Sorts  flower  hot  feldom ; 
though  neither  of  them  is  fo  apt  to 
flower^  if  expQfed  to  the  open  Air 

in 


A  S 

in  Sommer :  therefore  k  is  the  bet- 
ter Wty  to  let  them  remain  in  the 
Houie  moft  Part  of  the  Year,  giving 
them  as  much  finee  Air  as  poflTble, 
wfaen  the  Weather  will  permit,  and 
never  letting  them  have  mach  Wa- 
ter. With  this  Management  all  the 
Sorts  will  thrive  mudi  better,  and 
oftener  produce  Flowers. 

Although  there  is  no  great  Beauty 
b  thefe  Flowers,  when  blown;  yet, 
for  thdr  extreme  Oddnefs,  they  will 
deferve  a  Place  in  tYtxy  carious  Col- 
kdion  of  Plants. 

Thefe  Flowers  (b  much  refemble, 
in  Smell,  ftinking  Flefh,  that  the 
Flies  will  cover  them  with  their  £ggs» 
wMch  come  fo  far.  as  juft  to  have 
life ;  bat,  not  finding  proper  Noa- 
liihment,  they  foon  perifh. 

The  fizth  Sort  is  only  a  Variety 
of  the  fourth,  and  is  very  apt  to  run 
hack  to  its  O.igioal ;  fo  that,  in  or- 
der to  preferve  this  Variety,  all  the 
Branches  which  go  back  to  their  ori- 
ginal Smalnefs,  muft  be  confbntly 
taken  olF;  and  fome  of  the  broadeft 
mnft  be  frequently  planted  into  other 
Pots ;  for,  if  young  Plants  are  not 
conffamtly  raifed,  the  old  ones  will 
fixm  degenerate. 

The  Flowers  of  thefe  two  Sorts 
are  of  a  dulky-yellow  Colour,  che- 
quered and  fpotted  with  Black,  fome- 
what  refembling  the  Belly  of  a  Frog : 
the  fourth  Sort,  when  preferved  in 
a  warm  Stove,  or  if  the  Pots  are 
pluoged  Into  a  Bark-bed,  will  flower 
often,  and  (bmetimes  produce  Pods 
of  Seed. 

The  Flowers  of  the  fifth  Sort  are 
of  a  dark  Colour,  and  are  very  hairy ; 
thefe  are  larger  than  thofe  of  the 
other  Sort,  but  are  not  fo  beautiful, 
aad  have  a  much  Uronger  Scent  of 
Carrion. 

ASCYRUM,  St.  PeterVwort. 
The  CbaraBtr  is ; 

JK/  Fkni  MffiTs  from  St.  Jobn's- 


A  S 

nuort^  only  in  having  a  fyramidai 
Seed'veffel,  njubicb  is  iimdid into fivi 

-ails. 

We  have  only  two  Sorts  of  thii 
Plant  in  England  i  viz. 

1.  A  s  c  Y  R  u  M  magno  Jloro,  C. 
S.  P.  The  large-flowering  St.  Pfr. 
ter*8-wort. 

2.  AscYRUM  Baleariam  frutt^ 
fcens,  maximo  fort  lutio,  foliis  mno^ 

rihui^  fubtui  verrucofis.  Salvador. 
Botrb.  Ind,  Myrto-ciftu$  Ftnm.  Clu/^ 
H.  The  large-flowering  St.  Peter*s- 
wort  from  Majorca,  with  fmaU 
warted  Leaves. 

The  firfl  of  thefe  Plants  was  fent 
into  England  by  Sir  George  H^beeUr^ 
to  thePhyfic-garden  at  Oxford,  from 
Conftantinople,  where  he  foand  it 
wild :  this  Plant  produces  very  large 
Flowers,  with  a  great  Number  of 
Stamina  or  Threads  in  the  Middle^ 
and  makes  a  very  agreeable  Shew  in 
the  Wildemefs- quarters,  or  in  fliady 
Borders,  where  it  chiefly  delights  to 
grow :  it  is  very  hardy,  and  in- 
creafes  greatly  by  its  creeping  Roots, 
which  will  foon  overfpread  a  Bor- 
der :  it  is  befl  when  kept  in  (mall 
Turfs,  and  not  fuifered  to  run  too 
much,  which  often  prevents  its  flow« 
ering,  by  having  too  great  a  Quan* 
tity  of  Branches:  the  Flowers  are 
produced  in  June  and  Jtdy ;  but  it 
feldom  perfe£l$  its  Seeds  with  us. 
This  will  grow  in  almoit  any  Soil  or 
Situation. 

The  fecond  Sort  was  firfl  mention- 
ed by  Dr.  Lobely  who  received  « 
dried  Sample  of  this  Plant  from  Dr. 
Fenna,  who  found  it  in  Majorca^ 
when  on  his  Travels,  and  was  by 
Dr.  Lobel  called  Myrto-ciftus  s  the 
Flowers,  as  he  thought,  refembling 
the  Gjlus,  or  Rock-rofe,  and  the 
Leaves  thofe  of  the  Myrtle. 

But  this  Plant  was  not  known  to 
any  of  the  modern  Botanifls,  until 
one  Monfiieur  Salvadore,  an  Apothe- 
cary, 


^. 


A  S 

ouy,  wbo  lived  at  Barcelona^  went 
into  tfaofe  Ifknds  in  Search  of  Sim* 
piety  where  he  fbund  this  Plant; 
and,  fending  fome  Specimens  there- 
of into  England  zdA  Holland^  which 
liad  fome  ripe  Seeds  in  their  VeiTels, 
they  were  lown»  and  gf e\V ;  firom 
ivhence  this  Plant  hath  been  fpread 
into  many  curious  Gardens. 

I  have  fince  received  Seeds  of  this 
Plant  from  Minorca^yMcYk  have  pro- 
<lttced  many  Plants ;  but  as  yet  they 
4eem  differenty  their  Leaves  being 
fmaller,  and  their  Branches  trail 
more  than  thofe  of  the  old  Plants. 

This  Plant  is  propagated,  either 
from  Seeds  Town  on  a  moderate  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring,  or  by  planting 
Cuttings  in  the  Summer-months  in 
Pots  of  goo^  Earth,  which  ihould  be 
plunged  into  an  old  Hot-bed,  and 
kept  watered  and  (haded  in  the  Heat 
cf  the  Day,  until  they  have  taken 
Koot,  when  yoa  may,  by  degrees, 
cxpofe  it  to  the  open  Air ;  but  it 
annft  be  houfed  in  Winter  with  Myr- 
tles, Amomum  Plinii*8,  &r.  being 
too  tender  to  endure  the  Cold  of  our 
Winters  in  the  open  Ground  ;  but 
may,  with  a  flight  Shelter,  be  eaiily 
preferved.  It  requires  frequent,  but 
gentle  Waterings ;  and  loves  a  loofe 
fandy  Soil,  with  a  fmall  Mixture  of 
Tery  rotten  Dung. 

This  is  worthy  of  a  Place  in  every 
corious  Collediion  of  Plants,  for  the 
Beauty  of  its  red  Shoots,  fmall  crifp^d 
Leaves,  and  its  continuing  to  flower 
moft  Part  of  the  Year. 

ASH-TREE.    fVi/f  Fraxinus. 

ASPARAGUS,  Afparagus,  Spa- 
ragoty  or  Sperage ;  corruptly  called 
Sparrow-grafs. 

The  CharaBen  are ; 

*rhi  Flower  confifit  of  fix  Petals  or 

Liavfs  ;  the  three  inner  ones  hetng  rf- 

JUx'd  at  the  Top^  after  the  Flcnjocr  is 

faMen  :    the  Pointal  turns  to  a  /oft 


A  6 

Berty,  intlofing,  for  the  moft  paHf 
three  hard  Seeds. 

The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Asparagus  fati<uks^  C.  B,  P* 
489.     Garden  Afparagus. 

2.  Asparagus  Jyhveftris,  temii^ 
fimo  folio.  C.  B.  P.  489.  Wild  Afpa- 
ragus, With  narrow  Leaves. 

3.  Asparagus  maritimus^  eraf^ 
fiore  folio.  C.  B.  P.  489.  Sea  Afpa- 
tagus,  with  a  thick  Leaf. 

4.  Asparagus  aculeatus^  jftinis 
horridns.  CB.P.  490.  Prickly  Afpa- 
ragus. 

5.  AsfAK AGifs  foliis  acMtis.  C* 
S.  P.    Sharp-leav*d  Afparagus. 

6.  Asparagus  aculeatus  alter ^ 
tribus  aut  quatuer  fpinis  ad  enndeni 
exortufh.  C.  B.  P.  Another  prickly 
Afparagus,  with  three  or  four  Spinet 
riimg  at  the  fame  Place. 

7.  Asparagus  aculeatus  Aficm- 
nus.  H.  L,  Prickly  J^frican  Afpa- 
ragus. 

8.  Asparagus  aculeatus  maxU 
mus  farmentofus  Zeylanicus.  U.  L* 
The  largeft  prickly  buihy  Afparagus 
of  Ceylon. 

9.  Asparagus  Hifpanicus,  acn- 
lets  crajjiorihus  horridus.  Inft.  R,  H, 
Spaniflf  Afparagus,  armed  with  thick 
Prickles. 

10.  Asparagus  Cretieus  fruti- 
cofus^  crajftoribus  CsT  brenjioribus  acu-- 
leiStmagnofruBu.  Totu^.  Cor.  Shrub- 
by Afparagus  of  Candy^  with  thick 
and  ihort  Prickles,  and  large  Fruit. 

11.  Asparagus  Oriintalis^  foliis 
gallii.  Tourn.  Cor.  Oriental  Afpa- 
ragus, with  Ladies-bedftraw-leaves. 

12.  Asparagus  Africansu  fcan* 
dens^  myrti  folio  angvftiori.  Hort, 
Piff.  Climbing  African  Afparagus, 
with  a  narrow  Myrtle- leaf. 

The  firft  Sort  here  mentioned  is 
that  which  is  generally  cultivated  in 
Gardens  for  the  Ufe  of  the  Table  s 
whofe  tender  Shoots  are  eaten  in  the 

Sj>ring» 


AS  AS 

Spr'iQgy  «nd  are  moch  efteemM  by  three  times,  and  (lirrmg  your  Seed 

aU  delicace  Palates.  about,  you  will  make  it  quite  clean  : 

T2ie  fecond  Sort  grows  wild  in  then  fpreaJ  your  Seed  upon  a  Mat, 

the  Fens  of  Uncoin/hin^  and  fome  and  expole  it  to  the  Sun  and  Air  in 

other  Parts  oi  EMglanJ:   but  this,  dry  Weather,   until  it  is  perfeftly 

produdiig  very  flender  Shoots,   is  dry  ;  when  you  may  put  it  into  a 

raidy  cuitivaced  in  Gardens :  tho^  a  Bag,  and  hang  it  up  in  a  dry  Place 

Friebd  of  ffline,  who  had  cultivated  till  the  Beginning  of  February  i  at 

diis  Sort  for  fome  Years, aflured  me,  which  time,  you  mud  prepare  a  Bed 

it  was  fweeter,    and  would  come  of  good  rich  Earth,   wherei^n  yoa 

eariier  in  the  Spring  (without  artifi-  mall  fow  your  Seeds  (but  not  too 

cial  Heat),  than  the  Garden-kind.  thick,  which  will  caufe  your  Plants 

The  Garden  Afparagus  is  propa-  to  be  fmall);  and  having  trod  your 

gated  by  fowing  of  the  Seeds ;  in  Seed  into  the  Ground,  rake  it  over 

the  procuring  of  which,  you  (hould  fmooth. 

be  particularly  careful,    ilnce  the  In  the  following  Summer,  keep 

Goodnefsof  your  future  Crop,  in  a  it  diligently  clear'd  from  Weeds, 

great  meafore,  depends  thereon :  you  which    will   greatly    add    to    the 

flioold  therefore  -get  it  from  fome  Strength  of  your  Plants ;  and.  to- 

Perfon  of  Integrity,  or,  if  you  have  ward    the    Latter-end    of  OSoher^ 

an  Opportunity,   fave  it  yourfelf ;  when  the  Haulm  is  quite  withered, 

or  in  ibme  other  neighbouring  Gar-  you  may  fpread  a  little  rotten  Dung 

deo.   You  muft  look  over  the  Afpa-  over  the  Surface  of  the  Ground, 

lagos-beds  m  the  Beginning  of  the  about  an  Inch  thick  ;   which  will 

S^on,  and  mark  fome  of  the  largeft  preferve  the  young  Buds  from  being 

and  faireft   Buds  with  a  Piece  of  hurt  with  the  Frolls,  (5fc. 

Sack :  which  Buds,  when  they  have  The  Spring  following,  your  Plants 

branched  out,   may  be  faftenM  to  will  be  iit  to  plant  out  for  good  (for 

Stakes  thruft  into  the  Grpund,  to  I  would  never  choofePJants  of  more 

preierre  them  from  breaking.  Thefe  than  6ne  Year's  Growth,    having 

buds  will,  many  of  them,  produce  very  often  ex)  eriencM  them  to  take 

great  Numbers  of  red  iterrles ;  which  much  better  than  older,  and  to  pro<> 

ftould  be  fuffer^d  to  remain  upon  the  duce  finer  Roots] : '  you  muft  there* 

Branches  uotil  the  Latter-end  of  ^ep-  fore  prepare  your  Ground  by  trench- 

Umhtr^  when  the  Haulm  will  begin  ing  it  well,  burying  therein  a  good 

to  decay :  then  cut  off  the  Branches,  Quantity  of  rotten  Dung  at  the  B6t» 

and  ftrip  the  Berries  into  a  Tub,  torn  of  each  Trertch,  that  it  may  lie 

where  they  may  lie  in  an  Heap  to  at  leaft  fix  Inches  below  the  Surface 

fweat  for  three  Weeks ;   by  which  of  the  Ground  :   then  level  your 

thne  the  outer  Hulks  will  be  rot-  whole  Plot  very  exactly,  taking  out 

ten;  then  fill  the  Tub  with  Water,  all  large  Stones  :  but  this  (hould  not 

and  wish  your  Hands  break  all  the  be  done  long  before  you  intend  tQ 

Huiks  by  fqaeezing  them  between  plant  your  Afparagus ;  in  which  you 

your  Hands.     Theie  Hufks  will  all  muft  be  govcrnM  according  to  th9 

fwim  upon  the  Water,  but  the  Seeds  Nature  of  your  Soil,  or  the  Seafoni 

will  fink  to  the  Bottom  ;  fo  that  by  for  if  your  Soil  is  dry,  and  the  Sea- 

pOQring  tiS  the  JVatcr  gently,  the  fon  forward,  you  may  plant  early  in 

Hafks  will  be  carried  along  with  it ;  March  ;  but,  in  a  very  wet  Soil,  it 

and  by  potting  freb  Water  two  or  i?  better  to  wait  till  the  End  of  that 

Vpt.  h  K                            Momb, 


A  8 

MoBth,  or  the  Bepnning  of  Afriii 
which  is  about  the  Setfon  that  die 
Planu  are  beginning  to  (hoot.  I 
know  many  Pcopk  have  advisM  the 
planting  of  Afparagus  at  MicBaeU 
ttMi  i  but  this  I  have  experience  to 
be  very  wrong ;  for  in  two  different 
Yeats  I  was  obliged  to  tranfplant 
large  Qpantidet  at  that  Scafon  ;  bat 
t  had  better  thrown  away  the  Plants ; 
for,  spon  Examination,  in  tbeSpring, 
I  found  moft  of  the  Roots  were 

fown  moMyf  and  decaying ;  and, 
im  fore,  not  one  in  five  of  them 
fttcceeded;  and  thofe  which  did, 
were  fo  weak,  as  not  to  be  worth 
their  flanding. 

TheSeafott  being  now  come,  yon 
nraft,  with  a  narrow- prong*d  Dung- 
fork,  carefully  fork  up  your  Roots, 
fliakin|  them  out  of  $he  Earth,  and 
feparmung  them  from  each  other; 
Obferving  to  lay  their  Heads  even, 
tor  the  more  conveoient  planting 
them,  which  muft  be  performM  in 
this  manner  : 

Your  Plot  of  Ground  being  le- 
fcird,  you  muft  begin  at  one  Side 
thereof,  ranging,  a  Line  very  tight 
crofs  the  Piece ;  by  which  you  muft 
throw  out  a  Trench  exactly  ftrait, 
and  about  fix  Inches  deep,  into 
which  you  muft  lay  your  Roots, 
fpreading  them  with  your  Fingers, 
and  p'acing  them  upright  againft  the 
Back  of  the  Trench,  that  the  Buds 
may  ftand  forward,  and  be  about 
two  Inches  below  the  Surface  of  the 
Ground,  and  at  twelve  Inches  Di- 
ftance  torn  each  other ;  then  with 
M  Rake  draw  the  Earth  into  the 
Trench  again,  laying  it  very  level, 
which  will  preferve  the  Rcots  in 
their  right  Pofition :  then  remove 
youf  Line  a  Foot  farther  back,  and 
make  another  Trench  in  the  like 
manner,  laying  therein  your  Plants, 
as  before  direded,  an4  continuing 
111?  (hme  Diilaace  Row  from  Row ; 


A  S 

o«kly  obfervingj  between  eireiy  feOr 
Rows,  to  leave  about  two  Fret  foar 
Inches  for  an  Alley  to  go  btt  .veen  the 
Beds  to  cut  the  Afpara^;us,  &r. 

Your  Plot  of  Ground  being  finifli*d 
and  leveird,  you  may  fow  thereon 
a  fmall  Crop  of  Onions,  which  will 
not  hurt  your  Aijparagus,  and  tread 
in  your  Seeds,  raking  your  Ground 
level. 

There  are  fome  Perfons  who  plant 
the  Seeds  of  Afparagus  in  the  Plaoe 
where  the  Roots  are  to  remaiii; 
which  is  a  very  good  Method,  if  it 
is  performed  with  Care.  The  Way 
is  this  :  After  the  Ground  has  been 
well  trenched  and  dunged,  they  lay 
it  level,  and  draw  a  Line  crofs  the 
Ground  (in  the  fame  manner  as  is 
pradtifed  for  planting  of  the  young 
Plants) }  then  with  a  Dibble  make 
Holes  at  a  Foot  Diftance,  into  each 
of  which  you  muft  drop  two  Seeds, 
for  fear  one  (hould  mifcarry  ;  rhefe 
Holes  (hould  not  be  more  Uian  half 
an  Inch  deep;  then  cover  the  Seeds, 
by  ftriking  che  Earth  in  upon  it,  and 
go  on  removing  the  Line  a  Foot 
back  for  another  Row;  and  alter 
four  Rows  are  finiflied,  leave  a  Space 
for  an  Alley  between  the  Beds,  if  it 
is  defigv?ed  to  ftand  for  the  natural 
Seafon  of  Cutting ;  but  if  it  is  to  be 
taken  up  for  Hot-beds,  there  may 
be  ^x  Rows  planted  in  each  Bed  ; 
and  the  Diftance  in  the  Rows  need 
not  be  more  than  nine  Inches.  This 
ihould  be  performed  by  the  Middle 
of  February,  becaufe  the  Seeds  lie 
long  in  the  Ground  :  but  if  Onions 
are  intended  to  be  fown  upon  the 
Ground,  that  may  be  performed  a 
Fortnight  or  three  Weeks  after,  pro- 
vijed  the  Ground  is  not  ftirred  fo 
deep  as  to  difturb  the  Afparagus* 
feeds,  in  raking  the  Onion-feed  into 
the  Ground. 

As  the  Root<!  of  Afparagus  always 
fend  forth  many  long  Fibres,  which 

ran 


A  S 

hui  den  into  die  Groaad,  fo,  whai 
dbeSem  are  Ibwa  where  tbey  are 
to  namn^  cbefe  Roou  will  noc  be 
bfoken  or  injui«d»  as  tbpie  muft 
ffiiich  are  oan/plaoted  t  diere^ore 
diey  will  Qkoot  deeper  into  the 
Groood,  aod  make  mach  greater 
Frogrdsy  and  the  Fibres  wUl  poih 
oat  OD  every  Side  i  which  will  caufe 
(he  Crowa  of  the  Root  to  be  in  the 
tbe  Centre  i  whereas,  in  tranfphnt* 
lag,  the  Roots  are  made  flat  againft 
the  Side  of  the  Trench^ 

When  joar  Afparagus  is  come  ap 

(which  will  he  in  three  Weeks  or  a 

Month  after  ^antiDg}»yott  muft  with 

t  £bis1J  Hoe  cat  ap  ail  the  Weeds* 

•ad  thin  joar  Crop  of  Onions  where 

they  may  have  come  op  io  Bunches : 

W  this  muSt  be  dene  carefally,  and 

is  6rj  Weather*  that  the  Weeds  may 

die  as  faft  as  they  are  cat  up.    This 

Work  moft  be  repeated  aboat  three 

tines ;  which,  if  well  done,  and  the 

Seafon  not  too  wet^  will  keep  the 

Gioond  clear  from  Weeds  qntil  the 

Onions  are  fit  to  be  puli'd  np,  which 

is  commonly  in  Jtjgti^.  and  is  known 

when  their  Greens  fall  down.  When 

yoa  have  drawn  off  your  Onion s^ 

yon  mnft  clean  yoor  Ground  well 

imm  Weeds.which  will  keep  it  clean 

liil  von  earth  the  Beds ;  which  rouft 

be  done  in  OSober^  when  the  Haulm 

begins  to  decay ;  for  if  yoa  cut  off 

the  Hanlm  while  green,  the  Roou 

will  (hoot  frefh  again,  which  will 

^mtly  weaken  them.    This  young 

mulm  fhonld  be  cut  off  with  a. 

Kaife,  leaving  the  Stems  two  or 

tliree  loches  above*>groandi  which 

will  he  a  Goide  for  you  to  diAinguifli 

the  Beds  from  the  Alleyt;  then  with 

*QHoe  dear  off  tlm  Weeds  into  the 

Alleys,  and  dig  up  the  Alleys,  bq* 

tying  the  Weeds  in  the  Bottom,  aod 

throw  the  Sarth  npon  the  Beds,  £o 

tbst  the  Beds  may  beabont  five  Inches 

«b9ve  the  Level  cif  the  AU^s ;  then 


A  S 

yon  may  plant  a  Row  of  Colewortt 
in  the  Middle  of  the  Alleys,  but  do 
not  ibw  or  plant  any  thing  upon  the 
Beds|  which  woold  greatly  weaken 
your  Roots ;  nor  would  1  ever  ad* 
Vife  the  planting  of  Beans  in  the  Al* 
leys  (as  is  the  Pra^ice  of  many)  i  for 
it  greatly  damages  the  two  outiide 
Rows  of  Afparagus.  In  this  man- 
ner it  muft  remain  till  Spring,  when 
yott  muft  hoe  over  the  Beds  to  de- 
ftroy  all  young  Weeds ;  then  rake 
ihem  fmooth)  and  obferve  all  the 
fucceeding  Sun^mer  to  keep  them 
dear  from  Weeds ;  and  in  O&^bir 
dig  ap  the  Alleys  again,  as  was  be- 
fore direded,  earthing  the  Beds,£^r. 
The  fecond  Spring  after  planting, 
you  may  begin  to  cut  fi>me  of  your 
Afparagus ;  though  it  will  be  much 
better  to  day  until  the  third }  there- 
fore now  you  muff  fork  up  yoor 
Beds  with  a  flat-prong*d  Fork,  jnade 
on  purpofe,which  is  commonly  called 
an  Afparagus-fork :  this  muft  be  done 
before  the  Buds  flioot  in  the  Spring, 
and  with  Care,  left  you  fork  too 
deep,  and  bruife  the  Head  of  the 
Root ;  then  rake  the  Beds  over 
fmooth,  juft  before  the  Buds  appear 
above-ground ;  which  Will  de^roy 
all  young  Weeds,  and  keep  your 
Bed .  clean  much  longer  than  if  left 
unrak'd,  or  done  as  foon  as  fork'd ; 
and  when  your  Buds  appear  about 
three  or  four  Inches  above-ground, 
then  cut  them  i  but  fparingly,  only 
taking  the  large  Buds,  and  fuffering 
the  fmall  to  run  up  to  ftrengthen 
the  Roots  %  for  the  more  you  cu*^, 
tl^e  more  the  Roots  will  produce » 
but  tbey  will  be  fmaller,  and  (ooner 
deCK^.  When  yon  cut  a  Bud,  yoa 
muft  open  the  Ground  with  yovr 
Knife  (which  ihouid  be  ^trf  narrow 
afid  long  in  the  Blade,  and  filed  with 
Teeth  like  a  Saw)  to  fee  whether 
any  more  young  Badi  are  coming 
op  dofe  by  it,  which  migh(  be  either 
K  a  ^oken 


A  S 

broken  or  braifed  in  catting  the 
other ;  and  then  with  your  Knife 
faw  it  olF  about  three  Inches  under- 
ground. This  may  appear  a  very 
troublefome  Affair  to  People  unac- 
quainted with  the  practical  Part ;  bat 
thofe  who  are  employed  in  cutting 
Afparagus,  will  perform  a  great 
deal  of  this  Work  in  a  (hort  time; 
but  Care  in  doing  it  is  ablblutely 
necefiary  to  be  obterved  by  all  who 
cut  Afparagus. 

The  manner  of  dreffing  your  Af- 
paragui-beds  is  tvtry  Year  the  fame 
as  dire£led  for  the  i^cond  ;  *viz. 
keeping  them  from  Weeds,  digging 
the  Alleys  in  OSobir^  and  forking 
the  Beds  toward  the  End  of  March^ 
l^c,  only  obferve  every  other  Year 
to  lay  a  little  rotten  Dung,  from  a 
Melon  or  Cucumber- bed,  all  over 
your  Beds,  burying  fome  in  the  Al- 
leys alfo,  at  the  time  for  digging 
them  up.  This  will  preferve  the 
Ground  in  Heart  to  maintain  your 
Roots  in  Vigour;  and,  by  this  Ma^^ 
nagement,  a  Plot  of  good  Afparagus 
may  be  continued  for  ten  or  twelve 
Years  in  Cuttings  and  will  produce 
good  Buds. 

I  cannot  help  taking  notice  of  a 
common  Error  that  has  long  pre- 
vailed with  moll  People,  which  is, 
tl.at  oi  hot  dunging  the  Ground  for 
Afparagus,  believing  that  the  Dung 
communicates  a  flrong  rank  Taile 
to  the  Afparagus :  but  that  is  a  great 
Miftakei  for  cne  fweeteft  Afpanigus 
is  that  which  grows  upon  the  richeft 
Ground,  and  poor  Ground  occafions 
that  rank  Tafte,  fo  often  complain'd 
l>f ;  the  Goodnefis  of  Afparagus  be- 
inqj  in  the  Quicknefs  of  its  Growth; 
ti'hich  is  always  proportionable  to 
the  Goodnefs  of  the  Ground,  and 
the  Warmth  of  the  Seafon :  but,  in 
order  to  prove  this,  I  planted  twa 
Beds  oi  Aiparagus^  upon  Ground 
'  which  had  ^ung  iaid  a  Foot  thick; 


A  S 

and  thefe  Beds  were  every  Year 
dunged  extremely  thick  ;  and  the 
Afparagus  produced  from  thefe  Bedd 
wa&  much  fweeter  than  any  I  coaldf 
procure. 

The  Quantity  of  Ground  neceflarj^ 
to  be  planted  with  Afparagus,  tt> 
fupply  a  fmall  Family,  ihould  be 
at  leall  eight  Rods;  iefs  th&n  that 
wilt  not  do ;  for  if  yoa  cannot  cat 
one  hundred  at  a  time,  it  will  fcarcdy^ 
be  worth  while ;  fbr  you  maft  be 
obliged  to  keep  it,  after  it  is  cat, 
two  or  three  Days,  to  furnifh  enough 
for  one  Mcfs:  but,  for  a  larger 
Family,  fixteen  Rods  of  Ground 
fhould  be  planted,  which,  if  a  good 
Crop,  will  furnifh  two  or  three 
hundred  each  Day  in  the  Height  of 
the  Seafon. 

But  as  there  are  feveral  People 
who  delight  in  having  early  Afpa* 
ragus,  which  is  become  a  \tTy  great 
Trade  in  the  Kitchen- gardens  near 
Lcndjn^  I  {hail  give  proper  direc- 
tions for  the  obtaining  it  any  time 
in  Winter. 

You  moft  fi^  be  provided  Mrith 
a  Quantity  of  good  Roots,  either 
of  your  own  Taifmg,'or  purchased 
from  fuch  Gardeners  as  plant  fc^ 
Sale,  that  have  been  two  or  three 
Years  planted  out  from  the  Seed- 
bed ;  and  having  fixed  upon  che*tiroe 
you  would  willingly  have  your  Afpa- 
ragus fit  to  cuty  about  fix  Weeks 
before,  you  fhould  prepare  a  Quan- 
tity of  iftw  Scable-horfcdung,  which 
fhould  be  thrown  in  an  Heap  for 
a  Week,  or  more,  to  ferment ;  then 
it  fhould  be  turned  over  into  an 
Heap,  where  it  mufl  He  another 
Week,  when  it  will  be  fit  for  Ufe, 
Then  dig  outaTrench  in  the  Ground 
where  you  intend  to  make  the  Bed, 
the  Width  of  the  Frames  that  are 
defigned  to  cover  it,  and  the  Length 
in  proportion  ta  the  Quantity  yoa 
intend  to  have  i    which  if  defigned 

only 


A  S 

only  to  fupply  a  fmallFamilx^  three 
or  iaox  Lights  at  a  time  will  be  (a^ 
Jcioit :    then  ]ay  down  yoor  Dung 
into  the  Trench,   working  it  very 
i^larly,  and   beat  it  down  very 
tight  with  a  Fork»  laying  it  at  Icaft 
three  Feet  in  Thtcknefs ;  then  put 
yoor  Earth  thereon  about  fix  Inches 
thick,  breaking  the  Clods,  and  lay> 
ing  it  level ;  and,  at  one  End,  be- 
{io  laying  your  Roots  againft  a  little 
Ridge  of  Earth,   rais'd  about  four 
laches  high :    your  Roots  muft  be 
hid  as  clofe  •  as  poffible  one  to  the 
other,   in  Rows,   with  their  Buds 
Handing  Qprigfat:  and  between  every 
How  lay  a  fmaU  Quantity  of  fine 
Mould,  obferving  to  keep  the  Crown 
«f  the  Roots  e»dly  level.     When 
fOD  have  finilhed  laying  your  Bed 
vith  Roots,  you  mull  lay  fonie  flifF 
Eanh  up  to  the  Roots,  on  the  Out- 
fides  of  the  Bed,  which  are  bare, 
to  keep  them  from  drying ;    and 
thruft  two  or  three .  (harp-pointed 
Sticks,  about  two  Feet  long,  down 
between  the  Roots,  in  jthe  Middle  of 
the  Bed,  at  a  Diftance  from  each 
9ther.     The  Uie  of  thefe  Sticks  is 
to  let  you  know  what  Temper  of 
Heat  your  Bed  is  in  ;   which  you 
may  find  by  drawing  up  the  Sticks, 
and  feeling  the  Lower-part;  and  if, 
after  the  Bed  has  been  made  a  Week, 
yoa  find  it  doth  itot  heat,  you  may 
lay  a  little  Straw  or  Litter  round  the 
Sides,  or  upon  the  Top,  which  will 
greacly  help  it ;   and,  if  you  find  it 
ttry  hot,  it  will  be  advifeable  to  let 
it  remain  whoUy  uncovered,  and  to 
tbraft  a  large  Stick  into  the  Dung, 
00  each  Side  of  the  Bed,  in  feveral 
Places,  to  make  Hoies  for  the  great 
Steam  of  the  Bed  to  pafs  oft;  which, 
ia  a  (bort  time,  will  reduce  the  Bed 
to  a  moderate  Heat. 

After  your  Bed  has  been  made 
a  Fortnight,  you  mull  cover  the 
Crowns  oi'  the  Roots  with  fine  Earth, 


A  S 

about  two  Inches  thick ;  and  when 
the  Buds  appear  above-ground  thro' 
that  Earth,  you  muft  again  lay  on 
a  frefh  Parcel,  about  three  Inches 
thick ;  fo  that,  in  the  Whole,  it 
may  be  five  Inches  above  the  Crowns 
of  the  Roots,  which  will  be  fuf- 
ficient. 

Then  you  muft  make  a  Band  of 
Straw,  or  long  Litter,  about  four 
Inches  thick,  which  you  muft  faften 
round  the  Sides  of  the  Bed,  that  the 
Upper>part  may  be  ]e\el  with  the 
Surface  of  the  Ground :  this  muft 
be  failened  with  Ib^it  Sticks  about 
two  Feet  long,  Iharpened  at  the 
Points,  to  run  into  the'  Bed ;  and 
upon  this  Band  you  muft  fet  your 
Frames,  and  put  your  GlafTes  there- 
on ;  but  if,  aiter  your  Bed  hath 
been  made  three  Weeks,  you  find 
the  Heat  decline,  you  muft  lay  a 
''good  Lining  of  frefti  hot  Dung 
round  the  Sides  of  th^  Bed,  which 
will  add  a  frefii  Heat  thereto ;  and, 
in  bad  Weather,  as  alfo  every  Night, 
keep  the  Glades  covered  with  Mats^ 
and  Straw ;  but,  in  the  Day-dme,* 
let  it  be  all  taken  off,  efpecially 
whenever  the  Sun  appears  ;  which, 
ihining  thro*  the  Gtaft'es,  will  give 
a  good  Colour  to  the  Afparagus. 

A  Bed  thus  made,  if  it  works 
kindly,  will  begin  to  produce  Buds, 
for  cutting,  in  about  hve  Weeks, 
and  will  hold  about  three  Weeks 
ill  cutting ;  which,  if  rightly  planted 
with  good  Roots,  wi  1  produce,  in 
that  time,  about  three  hundred  Buds 
in  each  Light :  fo  that,  if  you  would 
connnUe  your  Afparagus  until  th^ 
Seafon  of  the  Natural  being  pro- 
du4;cd,  you  muft  make  a  frefh  Bed 
every  three  Weeks,  until  the  Begin- 
ning of  Marcby  from  the  Seafon  of 
yoar  firft  Bed  being  made :  for  if 
your  lad  Bed  is  made  about  a  Week 
in  March,  it  will  laft  ti!  the  Seafon 
of  natural  Afparagus  i  and  the  laft 
K  3  'Beds 


A  S 

Beds  will  come  a  Fortnight  fooner 
to  cut  than  tbofe  made  about  Chrift- 
mas  \  aod  the  Badi  will  be  larger, 
and  better  coloured,  as  they  enjoy 
a  greater  Share  of  the  San. 

if  you  intend  to  follow  this  Me* 
thod  of  forcing  early  Afparagas, 
you  moft  keep  planting  every  Year 
a  Quantity,  which  you  fiiall  judge 
necefTary,  nnleis  you  intend  to  buy 
it  from  fome  other  Garden  :  the 
Quantity  of  Roots  neceiTary  to  plant 
one  Light,  is  commonly  known  by 
the  Meafure  of  the  Ground  where 
they  grew :  for  in  a  good  Crop, 
where  few  Roots  are  miffing,  one 
Rod  of  Ground  wiU  fumiih  enough 
for  a  Light :  but  thofe  who  plant 
Afparagus,  with  a  Defign  to^ke  it 
up  for  forcing  at  two  Years  £nd, 
p  ant  fix  Rows  in  each  fied,  at  ten 
Ihches  Dillance  only,  and  lay  the 
Plants  in  the  Rows  about  eight  Inches 
afunder ;  which  will  be  a  fufficient 
Diilanie,  as  they  are  defigncd  to 
leniain  but  two  Years.  The  beft 
Ground  for  planting  Afparagus,  to 
liave  large  Roots  for  Hot-beds,  is  a 
low  moift  rich  Soil :  but  for  thofe 
that  are  to  remain  for  a  natural  Pio- 
duor,  a  middling  Soil,  neither  too 
wet,  nor  too  dry  :  but  a  frefli  fandy 
I  o^m,  when  well  dunged,  is  pre* 
faiable  tp  any  other. 

All  the  other  <$orts  are  preferred 
in  the  Gardens  pf  thofe  Peifons  who 
are  LOvers  of  Bot$Lny»  for  Variety. 
Ihefe  may  be  all  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  (hould  be  (own  in 
Tots  £Iled  with  frefli  light  ^rtb, 
early  in  the  Spring :  thefe  Pots  may 
te  placed  on  a  moderate  Hot-bed, ' 
which  will  greatly  fonvard'the  Ve^ 
fetation  of  the  Seed;  When  the 
Plants  begin  to  appear,  they  fliould 
be  inured  to  th^  open  Air  Jby  de- 
gtees,  and  muil  be  kept  clear  from 
yjctdsi  ,as  alfo,  in  dry  Weather, 
fiuft  be  fr^*quent)y  refrcfhcd  wic|i 


A  S 

Water.    In  Autumn  thefe  mud 
either  removed    into  the   Greexa^ 
hpttfe»  or  placed  under  an  Hot-beci<-> 
frame,  where  they  may  be  proteded 
from  Froft ;  for  as  they  are  Natiy^s 
of  warm  Countries,  they  will  not 
endure  the  Cold  of  our  Climate  ii!^ 
Winter :  the  Spring  following,  jiift 
before  the  Plantt  begin  to  fliooc. 
the  Roots  ihould  be  turned  out  of' 
the  Pots,  and  the  Earth  gently^fepft* 
rated  from  them  i  then  they  ihonld 
be  parted.;  and  as  many  of  the  beft 
Roots  as  are  intended  to  be  pre^ 
ferred,  (hould  be  planted  each  into 
a  feparate  Pot  filled  with  frdh  light 
Earth,  and  then  placed  on  a  veiy 
moderate  Hot -bed,   covered  only 
with  Mats,  juil  to  promote  their 
new  Roots ;  and  when  the  Weather 
is  mild,  they  may  be  expofed  to  the 
open  Air :  thefe  Plants  may  be  placed 
abroad  during  the  Sommer-feafon  s 
but  in  Winter  they  mu^  be  ji^ 
teded  from  hard  Froft,  which  will 
ptherwife  deftroy  them.    The  only  * 
Culture  which  thefe  Sorts  require, 
is,  to  fhift  them  every  Spring  inttf 
frefli  E^th,  juft  before  they  begici 
to  flioots  and  as  their  Roots  incrcafe 
in  Magnitude*  they  fliould  be  al- 
lowed large^  Pots.   In  Summer  they 
,  muft  be  freauently  watered ;  but  in 
Winter,   when  their  Green  is  de- 
cayed,  they  fliould  not  have  too 
much  Water,  leh  it  rot  them. 

The  lafl  Sort  never  produces  ripe 
Fruit  in  this  Country ;  but  it  in- 
creafes  plentifully  by  pff-fets,  which 
flionld  be  taken  off  in  the  Spring, 
before  they  flioot,  ptherwife  they 
do  not  fucceed  (o  well.  The  Roots 
of  this  Sort  are  very  fubjed^  to  rot, 
Vybere  they  have  loo  much  Wet  in 
Winter. 
'   ASPEN-TREE.     fV^Popplus.  : 

ASPERUGO,    Small   wild  fia- 
glofs,' 

l^he 


AS  A^ 

TbtCharaOtriMrt;  /ilUied,  emhracing  the  Ovary  likr 

M  hath  m.  fUmtr  cmfifif^g  ^  M#  ^  Caljx:  the  Afex  •ftbi  Ovary  futt 

R^  'which  u  Jhafed  like  a  Fwmelp  firth  fix  ScamtiM,  emd  m  /m^  Tmh 

sad €Mt  into /rueraJ Segments;  out  0/  /rom  the  Qtitre^   nvhich  becomes  4 

^ihojt  Empaltmtnt  rijes  the  Pointal,  rgmulijh  fruity   camouSp  trimngutttr^ 

fxtd  in  the  Bottom  of  the  F/ower,  and  ili*uided  into  throe  Partitiont^  im 

firroaadtJ  hy  four  Embryoej^  nvhich  ivhich  are  imlofed  triangular  Sisds. 
after^tsard    hecomo  fo    many   oblong  T\ie  Species  9Xt\ 

Seeds,  ^which  rifon  in  the EtapaUment,         I.  Asphodelus  lutesu  &  fion 

that  is  mmch  imiarged,  who/e  Parts  &  radice.  C.  B,     The  yettow  Af- 


then  fo  elofily  contra3ed,  thai  phodel,  or  Kingfpear. 

A^  adhero  amd  ding  together.  Z,   Asfhoi>ilus    albns    ramojus 

WcbavcbutoocSonofciiJiPIanCj  mas.CB.   The  great  white  bntnck-. 

whkb  i»»  iDg  Afphoddy  or  Kingrpear. 

AsPKRUOO  vu^aris,    Injf,  R.  H.  3.  Aiphoobi^us  alhus,   note  ra^ 

Snail  Wild  Buglofs*  Great  Goofe-  m^us.  C.  B.  Tbe  white  unbranched 

pwbj  or  Girmass  Ik^wort.  Afphodel,  or  Kingfpcar. 

This  is  an  annual  Plant,  which  is  4.    Asphodblus    siisss  ramofiu 

feoad  wild  in  feme  Paris  of  Ear-  minor,  feu  rmssmfiss  alter,  H.  R,  Par. 

land,  as  near  Newmarket,  at  Boxle^  Small  white  branched  Afphodel,  or 


Sufox,  and  10  Holy  Ifiand.     It  u 
veienred  in  the  Botanic  Gardens  for        5-  Asprodblps  fwrfwrafcems,  fo* 

VarietjT ;    it  may  be  eafilv  propa-  his  maeulatit.    C,  B.  P.     Purpliih 

nicd  by  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  Afphodel,  with  (jpotted  Leaves, 
lown  in  Autanm ;  for  if  the  Seeds        6.  Asphodblvs  foliis  eomfreffis 

ire  kept  ont  of  the  Groand  till  tsfptris,   caulo  patulo.    Inft,  R.  if. 

Spring,    they    do  not   faceted  fo  Afphodel  with   rou|[h   compreiTed 

well :  when  the  Ranu  come  op.  Leaves,  and  a  fpreadtng  Stalk. 
ihey  reqnire  no  other  Culture  but        7.  Asphodblvs   Ajricanm   em* 

to  keep  thrm  dear  from  Weeds,  and  gufiifolins  Intent  minor,    Inft,  R.  H. 

ia  Mof  they  will  flower:  in  Juno  Small  yellow  4^V«f  Afphodel,  with 

thdr  Seeds  will  be  perfeded,  which,  narrow  Leaves, 
iffuffered  to  fcatcer, will  grow  aeain        8.  Asphodblvs  fihralis   Intent 

in  Aotumn ;  fo  that  when  thb  Plant  Italicsu,  fiore  magna.    H,  R.  Par. 

is  once  brought  into  a  Garden,  it  Yellow  fpiral  Italian  Afphodel,  with 

wUl  maintain  itfelf,  provided  it  be  a  large  Flower. 
allowed  a  Place.  9.  Asphodblvs   edbns  minimus. 

ASPERULA,  Woodroof.  C.  B.  P,    Smalleft  white  Afphodel. 

This  Plane  grows  wild  in  fliady        10.  Asphodblvs  foliis  fijfnlofis. 

Woods  in  many  Parti  of  England,  C.  B.  P.    Afphodel  with  iftuloua 

and  flowers  in  April  and  May,  and  Leaves, 
kfometimes  ufed  in  Medicine.  1 1.  AspHopELys  Creticus  Intent 

ASPHODELUS,  Kingfpear.  ferotinm  patu/ns,  filio  afpero.  Tenrn. 

The  CharaBers  are;  Cor,     late  yellow  fprplding  Afpho- 

fbe  Stalk  is  rouud^  finooth,  flrong,  del  of  Candy ^  with  a  rough  Leaf. 
and  branchy :    the   Lean)tt  are  like        Thefe  Plants  are  all  of  them  ex- 

tb^i  •fa   Leek,   but  firongtr  and  treme  hardy,  and  will  profper  in 

Borrower :   the  Flowers  are  dinnded  almoil  any  Soil,  thac  is  not  coo  ftilF 

tfjomtidy  as  far  at  the  Bafis,  naked,  or  wet,  which  is  fubjedl  to  roc  the 

K  4  Roott 


A  S 

Roots  in  Winter.  The  Way  to  in- 
crcafc  ihcm  is,  by  parting  their 
Koots  in  Augufi^  before  the)'  (hoot 
up  their  frcfti  green  Leaves.  Thefc 
Plants  growing  pretty  tall,  are  pro- 
per for  large  Borden,  or  to  mix 
with  Flowers  of  large  Growth,  in 
fmall  Quarceri  or  Bofquecs  in  Wil- 
demefs-work  i  but  muft  not  be 
planted  in  Borders  of  fmall  Flowers, 
where,  by  their  large  fpreading 
Roots,  they  would  deftroy  their 
weaker  neighbouring  Planes. 

The  yel  ow  Sort  multiplies  very 
fad  by  Root?,  and  will  foon  over- 
fpread  a  large  Border,  if  fuffered  to 
remain  un  re  moved,  or  the  Side-roots 
are  not  taken  off;  but  the  other 
Sorts  are  not  fo  productive  o^  Snoots 
from  their  Sides,  and  are  much  bet- 
ter kept  within  Bounds. 

All  the  Sorts  of  Afphodel  arc  very 
pretty  Ornaments  for  a  Flower-gp.r- 
den,  and,  requiring  very  liitip Trou- 
ble ^o  cultivate  them,  dre  rendered 
more  acceptable.  They  mi|y  be  all 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which  fhould 
be  fo^n  ioon  after  they  are  ripe,  on 
a  warm  Border  of  frefh  light  £arth : 
in  the  Spring  the  Plants  will  appear, 
when  you  (hould  carefully  clear  them 
from  Weeds,  and  in  dry  Weather 
they  muft  be  frequently  watered : 
if  tnis  be  duly  obferved,  the  Plants 
will  have  acquired  Strength  enough 
to  be  tranfp  anted  by  the  Michotlmas 
following  ;  at  which  time  you  muil 

frepare  a  Bed  of  frefh  Earth  in  the 
lower  •  nuriery,  into  which  you 
ftiould  plant  the  Roots,  at  about  fix 
Inches  Difbince  every  W^y  \  ob- 
ferving  to  plant  thrm  fo  low,  as  ih^t 
the  Top  o*  the  Roots  may  be  three 
or  four  Inches  under  the  Surface  of 
the  Bed  :  in  this  Bed  they  mny  re- 
main one  Year,  daring  which  time 
they  fhould  be  frequently  refrefhcd 
with  WatiT  in  dry  Weather,  and 
snuft  be  kept  very  clear  ffom  Weeds, 


«i  p  - 


A  8 

In  this  time  the  Roots  having  ao* 
quired  Strength  enough  to  produce 
Flowers  the  following  Year,  they 
fhould  at  MichaflmaSf  when  their 
Leaves  are  decayed,  be  carefully 
taken  up,  and  tranfplanted  into  the 
Flower-garden,  obferving  to  place 
them  in  the  Middle  of  the  Bor* 
ders,  amone  other  hardy  Kinds  of 
Flowers,  where  betng  properly  in- 
termixed, they  will  make  an  agree- 
able Variety,  and  continue  a  long 
time  in  Flower. 

Thefe  Plants  may  alfo  be  propa- 
gated by  parting  of  their  Roots  \ 
but  this  mufl  not  be  too  often  re- 
peated, left  it  weaken  the  Roots, 
and  prevent  their  flowering  fo  ftrong 
as  they  otherwife  would  do.  Once 
in  thrte  Years  will  be  often  enough 
to  tranfplant  the  Roots,  at  which 
time  you  may  feparate  thofe  which 
are  grown  large,  fo  as  to  make  two 
or  three  Roots  of  each :  but  do  not 
part  them  too  fmall ;  fpr  that  will 
fo  weaken  them  as  to  prevent  their 
flowering  the  following  Summer. 
The  beft  time  to  tranfplant  thefe 
Roots  is  at  Michaelmas^  juft  wnen 
their  Leaves  begin  to  decay. 

ASPLENIUM,   or  Ceterach, 
Spleen  wort,  or  Miltwafte. 
The  CkaraSicn  are ; 

The  Lea'Uts  are  like  thofe  of  the 
Polypody^  but  bfe^  and  fretty  rounds 
notched  to^vard  the  Side  ;  dvwny^ 
hwving  a  fquamous  Duft^  in  ^vhich^ 
hf  the  Help  of  a  Micro fcope^  membra- 
nous  Capfulae  or  Se^dpodi^  lying  cloft 
to  one  another^  are  percei*ved^  c^very , 
one  furpifhed  ivith  a  little  round  Rope^ 
*which  by  Its  CoftftruQion  opening  the 
Fruit  into  i<w)  Parts^  pours  forth  cer- 
tain I'ery  fmall  Seeds :  the  Root  is 
fihrous,  This  Plant  thrives  in  fiony  ' 
Places^  as  in  Walls^  &c. 

This  Plant  is  of  the  Fern  kind, 
and  grows  upon  old  moift  fliady 
'myalls  ya  divers  Parts  of  England  t 

■      ■  •      bur 


\ 


AS  AS 

hit  «  jierer   calciTated  in  Gar*  Hyffipy  and  large  Unc  Flowers  widi 

deu.  leafy  Cops. 

ASTER,  Starwort.  lo.  Asria  N^va  A^glia^  Htuh- 

The  CbarmBirs  are  i  risefiiso^  cbanuemeU  JUrt.  Pur,  Bui* 

b  bidb  a  fihrt/i  Root:  the Ltaves  Nrw-Eng/amd Starwort,  with  Toad- 

un^  fir  tbg  mufi  forty  iutirtf  and  flax-leaves,  and  Flowen  like  thoTe 

uri^ctdmltfrnmteiy  lithe  Branches:  of  Chamooiil. 
the  Stalh  are  branched:  the  Floiwert         1 1.  AsTia  Americanm^  beMJerat 

are  radiated^  /fechuSy  and  hcwe  a  fiUu^  finrihm  ex  cmrnlee  albicantihut^ 

fiafyCmf:    the  Seeds  are  included  in  fyicis  fraUngis.  Pkk.Phyt.Tab.j^. 

a  denony  Smbfiamce.  f*  5 .  American  Starwort;  with  Leaves 

The  Sfecies  are ;  like  the  Belvidere,  and  long  Spikes 

t.  Aster  Atticns  ctnrtdens  vul'  of  bluiih-white  Flowers. 
garis.C.B.    Tht  Italian  hlneStaX'        12.  Asraa  annnns^  caule  wUefi 

WOft.  purfmrafcente^     eryngii    fiUo^    JUre 

2.  AsTBt  Pyrenaicus  freecostyjlere  maxima  furfureo  fukherrimey  fenum 
cmrml£9  maf§re.  Ded.  The  early  vieUcee,  KiangJSta  Sinenjis,  Je£fem» 
Pjrtnean  Starwort,  with  large  blue  '  Annual  Starwort  from  China^  with 
Flowen.  purple  hairy  Sulks,  Eryngo-leaves, 

3.  Aster  Nov^e  AngBa  altiffimus  a  beautiful  large  purple  Flower,  and 
hirfntus,  Jbribns  maximis  furfwree*  a  Tiolet-colourM  Seed. 

vi«Zffrfr/.  Par,  Bat,  Prod.     The  tall         1 3.  AsTKR  annnns,  caule  nnlUfi 

rough  Nrw-England  Starwort,  with  *oirefcente^  tryngii  folio^  fiore  maxima 

^ge  purple  Flowen.  ulho.     Annual  Starwort  from  Chines^ 

4.  Aster  "SofV^B  Anglise  lati/elius  with  hairy  greeniih  Stalks,  Eryngo- 
f^mcnlafns,  fioribus  faturate  nfiola-  leaves,  and  a  large  white  Flower. 
etis.  H.  L.    The  broad-leavM  pa*         14.  Aster  annuus^  caule  'uillo/b 
atcled  Mw-fv^/Aff^  Starwort,  with  fur puraf cent e^     eryngii   folio^    fiert 
deep  violet' colourM  Flowers.  maxima  caeruleo.     Blue  China  Star* 

5.  Aster  No^/t  Anglic  umbel-  wort. 

f^nSf /oribus  dilute  tfiolaceis    H.L.         l^»  AzTZu  ferotinusramofusalter^ 

^ew  England  SVAVNon^   with  pale  flere  purpurafeente.  H.R.Par.-  An- 

violct-coionrM  Flowers  growing  in  other  late-branched  Starwort,  with  a 

an  Umbel.  purplifli  Flower. 

6.  Aster  Firginianus  /erotinus,  '  16.  Astbh  la fifiliutftripoliiJlore» 
perv9  alhente  Jlore.  Park,  The  late-  H,  R.  Par,  Broad-leav*d  Starwort^ 
iioweriog  Virginian  Starwort,  with  with  a  Flower  of  Tripolinm. 

iinall  whitiih  Flowen.  17.    Aster  tripolH  Jkre^  ^3** 

7.  Aster  ceeruleus  ferotlnus  fru-  ftiffimo  {jT  tenuiffimo  filio.  Flor,  Bat* 
ticefcens  Tradefcanti.  Raii  Hift,  Tra*  Starworc  with  a  Tripdium-floweft 
defiant\  (hrubby  late  flowering  blue  and  ytry  narrow  flender  Leaves. 
Starwort.  1 8.  As  tbr  Canadenfis fubbirfuim^ 

8.  Aster  tripoUiJkre.  C.B.  Nar-  falicis  filio^  ferotinus^  flare  cetruUam 
row-leav*d  Starwort,  with  Flowers  Iftft-  R,  H.  Late  hairy  Canada  Soir* 
like  Tripolium.  wort,    with  Willow-leaves,  and  « 

9.  Aster    Virginianus  pyrami-  blue  Flower. 

iAtus^  h\ffopi  foliis  afperis^    calycis         ig.  AsTtK  Atticusormlensminorm 

finamulii  filiaceis.  Rand,    The  Fir-  hft.  R,  H.     SuVlU  UttO  Attic  Start 

iman  Sugwort,  with  Leaves  like  wurt, 

ao.  AsTia 


A  S 


to.  Astir  Ur/kim  dufiruumi^ 
tmr»ig$  mmtnoJkrt^foliisfybrttunAtm 
C  B,  P.  Hairy  Anjhum  Starwoit, 
with  a  lAfgeblaeFlower,aa4  round* 
lih  Leaves^ 

21.  AtTBR  wmtimm  emrtdnu^ 
wmgno  Jiore^  filiis  obUitgu,  C.  B,  P* 
Blae  mountain  Scarwoit,  with  a 
large  Flower,  and  oblong  Leaves. 

a2.  Avtj^%  jf/fffnu,  Jlpre  purfw- 
9^ceut0.  Rait  Hift,  J/fine  SOiiwonf 
with  a  parplifli  Flower. 

23.  AsTia  Atticms  Aifinut  alter. 
CB.P.  Another  Jttic  Starwort 
of  the  Alfs. 

24.  A  ST  a  a  Atiicns  carruleut  major» 
hfi.  Jt.  IL  Gicater  blue  Attic  Star* 
.wort. 

25^.  AsTia  marstimut  paU/hh 
eaeruliuj,  faiicis  f9li9*  Jnfi.  R,  H. 
Marih  or  Sea  Starwort.  with  Wil- 
low-leaves, commonly  called  Tri- 
polium. 

26.  AsTBa  Canadenfis^  fiUii  imis 
0tnfplioribui^  cordatii^  it  ftrrmtii.  D, 
Sarrazi»,  Camada  Starwfurt,  whofe 
Under- leaves  are  broad,  heart - 
ihaped,  and  ferrated.  . 

27.  AsTBR  virgie  aurae  latifoli^ 

Jhli%  fubbir/utPt  fiorihus  fere  umheU 

iatis.  D.Sarrazim.  Hairy  Starwort, 

with  broad  Golden- rod-leaves,  and 

Flowers  growing  almofl:  in  an  Um- 

Ui. 

^9«  AsTBR  e^ruleui  ex  Provincia 
Mariana,  qnafi  ferfeliatus,^  fiarihus 
Jhrfi'  f^catis.  PM.  Uemtif.  Blue 
Starwort  from  MarylatU^  whofe 
Leaves  almoft  furround  t|ie  Stal)c, 
md  fmall  Flowers  growing  ^n 
Spikes^ 

29.  Aster  Americanutp  filiis  pi^" 
uatii  it  ferratii^  JUrihui  oHrantiis, 
H$kjt^     American    Starwort,    with^ 
winged  ferrated  Leaves,  and  orange-^ 
coloured  Flow^s. 

}0.  Astir  Amerieanus.  paluftris, 
foScis  filio  /erratic  Jiorihus  exigms 

^Aiiii^  Hiufi^  Marih^^MmVa^Star- 


A  S 

wort,  with  a  ferrated  Willow-Ieaf^ 
and  fmall  white  Flowers. 

31.  Aster  AmtricoMne  prtcnm* 
Sensp  iiHidie  mnoris  facie.  Hnjl., 
Trailing  American  Starwort,  with 
the  Face  of  the  lefler  Daify. 

32.  Aster  Africanus  Jrutefcens^ 
lavenduLe  filio^  fUn  pmrpure;  Hirt^ 
Amft.  Shrubby  African  Starwoxt, 
with  %  Lavender-leaf,  and  a  ptirple 
Flower. 

33.  Aster  Africemus  reum/ut^ 
hijffepi  filiit,  farihfts  eatruleis,  Oldeml, 
Inft,  JL.  H-  African  branched  Star- 
wort, with  HyiTop-kiives^  and  blue 
Flowers. 

3^4..  Aster  Aa^triceums  fimtefcens^ 
fatareia  feliit  fcahris,  ^fleribus  am- 
plit  faturati  violactij.  Pink,  Aim* 
ShriM>y  American  Starwort,  with 
rough  Savory-leaves,  and  large  violet* 
colourM  Flowers. 

The  firft,  fecond,  eighth,  and 
ninth  Sorts  are  much  preferable  t» 
the  reft,  for  finall  Gardens,  being 
not  (b  apt  to  fpread  at  the  Root  aa 
are  the  others,  and  grow  moch 
lower,  are  lefs  fubje^  to  ihed  their 
Seeds,  and,  with  a  fmall  Support, 
may  be  kept  upright  in  a  regular 
Shape.  The  fecond  Sort  is  the  firH 
in  Flower ;  it  grows  about  two  Feet 
high,  and  produces  large  purple 
Flowers,  but  feldom  in  luch  large 
Tufts  as  the  firft,  nor  are  the  Flowers 
fo  beautiful  ^  however,  as  it  comes 
to  flower  much  fooner,  it  deferyes 
a  Place  in  every  good  Garden.  This  • 
Sort  is  fucceedea  in  Flower  by  the 
eighth^  which  is  of  (horter  Growth, 
fc^om  riiing  above  a  Foot  in  Height  r 
the  Flowers  are  much  fmaller,  bat 
are  produced  in  very  large  Cloflcrs, 
fo  as  to  ipake  a  very  agreeable  Ap- 
pearance. 

The  firft  Sort  fucceeds  thefe,  and 
is  one  of  the  mod  beautiful  Kinds; 
it'feldom  grows  more  than  two  Feet 
bigh^  ^nd  is  eafily  kept  in  Compafs ; 

the 


AS  AS 

d«  Flowm  are  large,  prodiiced  m       Tlie  fiit^  Sort  flowen  rerv  latei 

g^Tuftty  and  are  of  a  fine  Uoe  )Hit  thcjr  are  very  fduli,  and  grow 

Gofeor,  with  a  ydlow  Thmm  in  fparfedl>  on  die  Bnnchcs  t  for  wiudi 

tiw  Middle,  and  is  a  great  Oma-  Rcafon  ic  is  hot  fp  yaloabie  as  tlie 

Beat  to  Gardens  ip  its  Seafon  of  other.    Bot  the  nintl^  Sort  is  one  of 

Flowering.    This  it  thie  Jmeilus  of  the  moft  heantifiil ;  the  Flowers  are 

VirgiL  large,  and  of  a  deep-blue  Colour  i 

Thedurdy  fporth,  and  fifth  Sorts  the  whole  Plant  grows  eieA,  and 
mm  to  the  Hdght  of  foar  or  five  nerer  creejps  nt  the  Root :  it  besim 
Feet,  and  produce  hrge  Qoantit}^  to  flower  towards  the  End  of  O^^^/r. 
of  Flowejrs,  and  are  yery  proper  for  and  continues  till  the  Middle  of 
farge  Gardens,  where  they  may  Dicmher^  and  makes  a  y^ry  goofl 
have  room;  batinimallPhcesthey  8hew dorins  that  SeJbn, if  theWea* 
are  Teiy  apt  to  over-run  whatever  ther  is  mild. 
IS  planted  DOir  them,  and  the  Seeds  The  tenth  Sort  is  a  ytrj  hand- 
are  fobjed  to  fcatter,  and  fill  the  fome  Plant^  and*  is  not  fo  apt  to 
Garden  with  young  Plants,  if  the  fpread  as  moft  of  the  other  Xinds. 
Scalks-are  not  cut  down,  and  car-  This  produces  a  great  Quantity  of 
lied  away,  foon  after  the  Flowers  white  Flowers  \i  OSotgr^  and  h 
aie  pail ;  for  which  Reafons  few  worthy  of  a  Place  in  eveij  gooci 
People  care  to  keep  them:  but  yet  in  Garden. 

huge  Wildemeffes   they  are  very        The  eleventh  Sort  is  apt  to  fpead 

good  to  fill  op  Vacancies,  and  the  mnch  by  its  creeping  Roots ;  fo 

Flowers  are  ytry  proper  to  adorn  ihonld  not  be  placed  among^  other 

ihils  and  Chimneys;  and  as  they  '  Plants,  left  it  overbear  them.     This 

c«»e  at  a  Seaibn  when  few  better  continues  flowering  moftPart  of  No* 

Flowers  appear,  axe  the  more  va-  vernier. 

loaUc :  bot,  in  order  to  keep  them        The  fifteenth,  fixteenth,  feven* 

within  Roonds,  yon  ihonld  at  leaft  teenth,  eighteenth,  nineteenth,  twen^^ 

once  a  Year  dig  round  them,  and  tieth,  twenty -firft^  twenty  -  fecond^ 

cat  off  all  the   fprcading  Roots,  twenty-third,  twenty-fourth,  twenty- 

which  wooldotherwiie  extend  them-  fifth,  twenty-fixth«  twenty-feventh, 

Idves  very  fiir,   and  become  un-  and  twenty-dghth  Sorts  are  all  very 

fightiy;  and  with  thefe  Roots  you  hardy  Plants,  and  may  be  treated  in 

may  make  frefli  Plantations.   Thefe  the  fame    manner  as   the  former 

cone  at  a  middle  Seafon  to  flower.  Sorts. 

The  fixth,  feventh,  and  ninth  The  fixteenth,  feventeenth,  nine- 
Sorts  are  very  late  Flowerers,feIdom  teenth,  twenty- third,  and  twennr. 
appearing  till  04^#^^,  and  in  a  good  fourth  Sorts  do  not  creep  by  uie 
SofoD  hold  till  the  Middle  of  Na-  Root,  fo  may  have  a  Place  in  the 
nfrmhtri  for  which  Reafon  they  are  Borders  of  Flower-gardens ;  but  the 
laach  etteoBied.  other  are  only  fit  for  Wildemefs- 

The  feventh  Sort  grows  to  a  great  quarters,  or  other  large  open  Places. , 

Height,  and  is  vtry  proper  to  inter-  where  they  may  have  room  to  fpma 

inix  with  other  large  Kinds ;  but  it  without  Injury  to  the  other  Plants  ; 

iinbt  fo  fobjcA  to  creep  at  the  Root  for,  as  thefe  are  great  Growers, 

91  diey  are,'  and  the  Flowers  are  they  will   not  only  overbear  th^ 

We,  growing  in  liandfome  Tufts,  neighbouring  Plants,  but  adfo  ex- 


A  S 

btoft  tbe  NoarifinneaC  ftam  them, 
aod  thcrd)/  (brve  them. 

All  the  Scarworts  ait  propagated 
by  parting  theii;  Roots  easly  in  the 
Spring  or  Autumn,  and  will  grow 
in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Situation  :  the 
larger  Sorts  increase  (o  fzft,  that,  in 
•  ihort  timcy  they  will  run  over  a 
large  Spot  of  Ground,  if  not  pre- 
vented :  thefe  grow  bed  in  the 
Shade ;  the  lower iCinds  feldom  creep 
at  the  Rooty  but  muft  be  taken  up 
and  planted  evtry  other  Year,  which 
will  caufc  their  Flowers  to  be  fairer. 
The  ninth  Sort 'may  be  increafed  by 
planting  Cattings  of  it  in  any  of  the 
Spring  -  months^  which  will  flower 
the  firft  Year :  the  Roots  of  this  in- 
creaiiDg  but  (lowly,  this  is  the  only 
Method  to  get  a  Stock  of  this  Plant. 
This  Plant,  if  fet  in  Pots,  and  ihel- 
tered  in  bad  Weather,  will  continue 
flowering  moft  Part  of  the  Winteri- 
but  dies  to  the  Surface  in  the  Spring, 
as  do  all  the  Sorts  of  Scarworts. 

The  Seeds  of  the  twelfth  Sort  were 
ient  from  China  to  PariJ,  aqd  fown 
in  the  Royal  Garden  there ;  whence 
this  Plant  hath  been  diftributed  to 
federal  curious  Gardens  in  Europe^ 
and  is  become  one  of  the  greater 
Ornaments  of  the  Flower-garden 
in  Autumn.  It  begins  to  produce 
its  Flowers  the  Beginning  of  Augmft^ 
and  continues  to  produce  new 
Flowers  until  the  Froft  prevents  it. 

Thb  Plant  is  propagated  from 
Seed,  which  ihould  be  fown  on  a 
warm  Border  foon  after  it  is  ripe ; 
for,  if  it  be  kept  till  Spring,  it  fel- 
dom grows  fo  welL  The  Plants  will 
iiegin  to  appear  early  in  the  Spring, 
when  they  ihould  bie  cleared  from 
Weeds,  and,  in  very  dry  Weather, 
mad  be  refreflied  with  Water,  which 
will  forward  their  Growth  ;  for, 
during  the  firft  fix  Weeks,  or  two' 
Months,  after  they  come  up,  they 
0iake  bat  fmall  Progreis.    The  Be- 


A.S 

finning  of  May  thefe  Phmts  will  be 
t  to  tranfplant,  when  they  ihould 
be  carefully  drawn  up,  and  planted 
in  a  Bed  of  rich  Earth,  fix  Inches 
afunder,  obferving  co  water  them 
frequently  in  dry  Weather,  and  to 
keep  them  conilantly  clear  from 
Weeds.  When  thefe  Plants  are  about 
four  or£ve  Inches  high,  they  (hoold 
Jbe  taken  up,  with  a  Bali  of  Earth  to 
their  Roots,  and  tranfplaQted,  cither 
into  Pots,  or  into  the  Borders  of  the 
Flower-garden,  where  they  axe  to 
remain,  obferving  to  water  and  (hade 
them  until  they  have  taken  Root ; 
after  which  time  thofe  in  the  Bor- 
ders will  require  no  farther  Care^ 
but  to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds; 
but  thofe  in  the  Pou  mud  be  ixt- 
quently  re/refhcd  with  Water,  other* 
wife  they  will  not  grow  large,  nor 
produce  near  To  many  Flowers.  la 
Jugwft  theie  Plants  will  produce  their 
beautiful  Flowers,  which  will  con- 
tinue till  the  End  of  Sfpiembir\ 
at  which  tinie  the  Seeds  will  ripen, 
when,  as  was  before  diieded,  fome 
of  it  ihould  be  fown  on  a  warm 
Border;  but  it  will  be  proper  to  fave 
fome  of  the  Seed  till  Spring,  Jed, 
hy  9i  violent  hard  Winter,  thole  fown 
in  Autumn  ihould  be  dellroyed. 

The  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
Sorts  are  Varieties  of  the  twelfth, 
which'  accidentally  rofe  from  the 
fame  Seeds.  Thefe  only  difter  from 
the  former  in  the  Colour  of  their 
Stalks  and  Flowers;  which,  in  ooe, 
are  white,  and  the  other  a  lively  blue 
Colour :  thefe  make  a  fine  V  aricty, 
when  they  are  intermixed  in  tu 
Borders  of  the  Flower-garden. 

The  twenty  ninth,  thirtieth,  aod 
thirty- firft  Sorts  were  difcovered  by 
tlte  late  Dr.  ffilliMm  Heuflcun^  near 
Vera  Ctmz^  in  the  Spami/b  IVeft-h- 
dies.  The  twenty-ninth  and  ihirty- 
firft  grow  plentifully  on  the  fandv 
Ground  about  OldVcra-Crusi-y   and 

the 


A  S 

Die  tiiirti«tb  in  wstery  Places  near 

tbe  Sea.     Tbeie  are  all  of  then  an- 

Bsal  PhustSy  whick  may  be  propa- 

pLted  by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  Pots 

filed  with  freih  light  Earth  early 

In  the  Spring  ;  and  then  plunge  the 

Pots  into  an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners 

Bark,  obferving  to  water  tbem  fre- 

^ently,  as  the  Earth  in  the  Pots  ihall 

icqnire  it.      When  the  Plants  are 

tome  ap,  they  rnnft  be  frequently 

refreihed  with  Water,  and  theGlaffes 

•f  the  Hot- bed  (hoald  be  raifed  with 

Scones  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day,  to 

admit  Air  to  the  Plants,  otherwife 

Aicy  will  draw  ap  very  weak.  When 

the  Plants  are  aboat  an  Inch  high, 

they  fiionld  be  carefully  tranfplanted 

each  mto  a  feparate  Pot  filled  with 

fiefii  light  Earth,  and  then  plunged 

into  the  Hot-bed  again,  obferving 

(0  fhade  the  Glaffes  until  they  have 

fkkcn  new  Root.     When  the  Plants 

liave  ^led   thefe  Pots    with   their 

Roots,  you  moft  fhift  them  carefully 

into  Pots  of  a  larger  Size ;  and  then 

plnnge  them   into  the  Bark- bed  in 

die  Stove,  where  they  will  flower  in 

^fguft^  and  their  Seeds  will  be  per- 

feded  in  Sipumber;  after  which  the 

Plants  decay. 

The  thirty- fecond,  thirty-third, 

and  thirty-fourth  Sorts  are  abiding 

Ffants,  which  grow  to  the  Height  of 

fix  or  eight  Feet,  and  become  ihrubby. 

Thefe  Plants  may  be  propagated  by 

Cuttings,   which  fhould   be  taken 

off  in  June,  and  planted  into  Pots 

filled  with    freih  light  Earth,  and 

ponged  into  a  moderate  Hot-bed, 

,  obfcrviog  to  water  and  fhade  them 

nntil  th^  have  taken  Root ;  after 

Which  time  they  fhould  be  inured 

tD  bear  the  open  Air  by  degrees. 

Toward  the  End  ofjufy,  they  fhould 

be  taken  oat  of  the  Hot-bed,  and 

placed  among  other  Exotic  Plants, 

in  a  Situation  where  they  may  be 

^feaded  from  cold  Winds.    In  this 


A  S 

Place  they  may  remain  until  the  Be* 
ginning  ofOffober,  when  they  fhould 
be  removed  into  the  Green- houfe, 
obferving  to  place  them  where  they 
may  enjoy  a  large  Share  of  Air  ia 
mild  Weather ;  otherwife  their 
Shoots  will  become  weak,  and  they 
will  not  produce  their  Flowers  ilrong, 
where  their  Shoots  are  too  much 
drawn.  Thefe  Plants  mnSt  be  re* 
moved  out  of  the  Green-houfe  in 
the  Spring,  at  the  time  when  Orange-* 
trees  are  taken  out,  and  fhould  be 
houfed  again  about  the  fame  time 
as  thofe  are.  In  Winter  they  fhould 
have  frequent  Waterings ;  but  thefe 
mufl  not  be  given  them  in  largeQuan* 
titles  at  that  Seafon.  In  Summer 
they  mufl  be  plentifully  watered  in 
dry  Weather,  which  will  caufe  them 
to  flower  very  flrong. 

Thefe  produce  their  Flowers  in 
Autuhin,  and  continue  in  Beauty  a 
long  time;  daring  which  Seaibn, 
they  afford  an  agreeable  Profpedl, 
and  greatly  add  to  the  Variety^ 
among  other  Exotic  Plants. 

ASTEROIDES,  Ballaixi  Star- 
wort. 

The  Chara^ers  are ; 

It  hat b  acompotmdradiatedFlo'wer^ 
V)hofeDtfit  is  compofed of  many  Florets^ 
fwhicb  are  Hermaphrodite^  and  of 
SemiJloretSf  ivhich  are  Fema/e^  and 
refi  upon  the  Embryoes^  nvhicb  are 
all  included  in  a  fcaly  Embalement : 
thefe  Embryots  afteriuard  become 
Seedf  for  the  mojl  part^  oblong. 
The  Speciei  are ; 

1.  AsTEROiOES  AlpinOy  falicU 
folio,  Tourn.  Cor,     Ballard  Starwort 

of  the  i//^/,  with  a  Willdw-lcaf. 

2.  AsTEROiOES  orientalis,  peta- 
fiditit  folio^  fort  maximo.  Tourn. 
Cor.  Oriental  bafhrd  Starwort, 
with  a  Butter- bur- leaf,  and  a  large 
Flower. 

3.  As'fEROiDEs  Americana  minor 
annua,    VailL       LefFer    American 

baflard 


AS  AS 

fcftftard  annual  Starwcrt.    Theie  art  lidi  Earth;  and  broog^  forward  om 

tanged  in  tke  Genoa  of  Qz-cycy  bjr  another  Hot-bed,  obferviog  not  to 

Dr.  lAmunu.  diaw  them  op  too  weak ;  and,  ia 

The  firft  of  the&Plants  is  pretty  Jwme^  they  (honld  be  inured  to  bear 

common  in  the  Ewgltjb  Garden*,  the  ofien  Air  by  dtgjreOf  int6  whick 

This  is  a  veiv  hardy  Plant,  which  is  diey  Ihoald  be  removed  tcnrard  ^ 

propagated  by  parting  its  Roout  End  of  the  Month,  and  phfced  in  a 

for  it  feldom  produces  good  Seed  warm  Sitoation^    where  they  will 

in  this  Country :  the  bell  time  to  flower  in  7«^«  and  their  Seed  will 

part  the  Roots  is  in  Od*ier,  aboot  be  perfeded  in  Sipamher ;  foon  after 

which  time  their  Leaves  decay :  for,  which  time  the  Plants  will  decay, 

if  it  be  deferred  till  Spring,  and  the  ASTERISCUS  (of  After,  or  Star- 

following  Seafim  Should  prove  diy,  wort,  which  it  is  very  like,  except 

they  will  not  flower  fo  flrong  mi^  that  the  Seeds  are  not  pappoiis,  bat 

thofe  which  were  planted  in  Autumn,  chanelled).  Yellow  Starwort. 

dio*  they  ftoiidd  be  conflantly  fup-  This  Plant   having    no  EngUJh 

plied  With  Water.    This  Plant  will  Name,  I  have  called  it  Yellow  Star* 

thrive  in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Situation^  wort,  altho*  it  b  very  diflTerent  in 

and  continues  to  flower  from  Junt  its  Charaders  from  that  Plant;  the 

to  SepUmhir^  which  renders  it  wor-  Seeds  of  this  being  plain,  and,  for 

thy  of  a  Place  in  tstxy  good  Gar-  the  moft  part^  bordered  round  the 

den.    This  Plant  is  proper  for  large  Edges^  having  no  Dotwd  adhering  to 

Borders,  or  to  place  under  Groves  them,  and  the  Flowers  being  lur-* 

of  Trees,  where,  if  it  be  not  too  rounded  with  a  foUaceous  Calyx, 

much  (haded  by  the  Trees,  it  will  The  Bfeciti  are  ; 

thrive  very  well,   and  add  to  the  i.  Asteriscus  annum ^  folih  ad 

Variety.      The  Flowers  are  of  a  fiorem  rigiMs.  Toum.    The  annual 

bright -yellow    Colour,    and  their  yellow  Starwort,  with  fti£F  Leaves 

Stems  are  about  two  Feet  high,  a  and  Flowers. 

greatNumherofwhich  are  produced  a.   Astbriscus    anMus   Litfifa- 

from  each  Root,  if  they  have  (uf-  nscus  ^doratus,    Soeri,     The   Par* 

flcient  Strength.  tt^ai  fweet-iinelling  annual  yellow 

The  feoond  Sort  was  difcovered  Starwort. 

by  I^t.^^umeforty   in  the  Le^anf,  a.  Asteriscus  maritimui  pcrgn* 

and  is  at  prefent  rarely  to  be  found  mis  patulus.   T$urM,     The  maritime 

in  England.    This  may  be  propa-  perennial  dwarf  yellow  Starwort. 

gated  as  the  former  Sore,  but  mud  4.  Asteriscus  amtnus^  /olih  ad 

have  a  warmer  Situation  ^  nor  will  flonm  rigUisy  Jlan  fulfhurd  coUtis, 

it  grow  under  the  Drip  of  Trees.  Inft,  R.  H.     Annual   yellow  Star* 

Thefie  Plants  fliould  not  be  tranf-  wort,     with     brimttone  -  coloured, 

planted  oftener   than  every  other  Flowers. 

Year}    for,   when  they  arc  often  5.  Asteriscus  annuus^  feJns  ad 

parted  and   tranfpl anted,   they  do  fiortm  rigidh^  flore  minori^  eiati^^ 

not  flower  fo  well,  nor  make  fo  Inft.  E.  H,  ^  1  aller  annuai  yellow 

large  an  Increafe.  Starwort,  with  a  Imaller  Flower. 

The  third  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant,  6.  Asterjcus  maritimm  ammut 

which  mud  be  raifcd  on  an  Hotbed,  fatulrn.   Injt,  R,  H.     Dv\  arf  mari* 

and  planted  into  Pots  filled  with  light  time  annuid  ycUow  Starwort. 

7.  ASTI- 


A  S 

7  AsTSRiscvt  m^gOitus  nmums 
ftnaks.  Jmft.  JL  H.  Dwarf  matih 
aaanal  yellow  Starwoit. 

The  firft,    fecood,   fbnitb,  fifth, 

ish,  and  fevcnth  Sorts  being  aa- 

an]  Plants,  their  Seeds  muft  be  fown 

every  Year,  to  continoe  their  Kinds; 

ftr,  aitho'  by  tkdr  Seeds  fidli^g, 

and  powing,    they  will  generally 

foccmi'weli,  yet,  by  taming  of  the 

Ground,  or  cleaning  it  from  Weeds, 

diere  is  Danger  of  deftroying  the 

Planu:  therefore  the  fureft  Method 

to  psefenre  the  feveral  Sorts  is,  to 

fow  the  Seeds  in  Aitfumn,  where 

<He Plants  are  defigned  to  rexnaia: 

they  flioQld  have  a  fheltered  Sitoa* 

^,  otherwiie^  if  the  Wiaier  flioald 

prove  fevere,  they  may  be  deftroved : 

it  will  alfo  be  proper  to  preterve 

ibme  Seeds  of  each  Sort  till  Spring, 

hft  die  autaoDiuil  Plants  ihould  be 

^oyed;  for  thofe  which  are  fown 

QtheSpriag  will  flower  by  the  End 

^7'^s  and»  if  the  Autumn  proves 

bvoorable,  will  perfed  their  Seeds 

^y  Seffemhir:    but,   as  the  Plants 

^fUch  come  up  in  Autumn  flower 

^J  in  Summer,  there  is  a  much 

peaier  Certainty  of  having  good 

^M  from  them  than  the  Spring 

^tti  therefore  it  is,  that  I  advife 

^^ of  all  the  Sorts  early  in  Au- 

tamo. 

WJien  the  Phmts  are  come  np, 
^  will  require  no  other  Care  but 
ID  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds ; 
*^  wfaca  the  Plants  are  too  clofe, 
t^  Aould  be  thinned,  fo  as  to 
^ve  dkem  fix  or  eight  Inches  afun- 
^,  and  the  Ground  kept  clean 
foffl  Weeds,  which,  if  fnffered  to 
t^v,  will  foon  get  the  better  of 
^cPIaiits,and  prevent  their  Growth. 
1^  satumnal  Plants  will  flower  in 
J^t  tod  their  Seeds  will  ripen  in 
^ff/fi  and  thefe  Plants  will  grow 
^ch  Jaiger,  and  produce  a  greater 
Qsaatity  of  Flowers,   than  thofe 

7 


AS 

which  are  fown  in  the  Spritig.  T\b 
firft,  fourth,  and  fifth  Sorts  genaaUy 
grow  about  two  Feet  high;  but  the 
AKond,  fixth,  and  fevench  Sorts,  aw 
of  humbler  Growth,  feldom  r'l&ug 
above  fix  Inches  high,  and  fpiead 
oat  into  many  Branches:  thefe Plaaits 
will  thrive  on  almoft  any  Soil ;  but 
where  the  Land  is  too  cold,  Hii^ 
and  moifi,  they  will  not  do  fo  well. 
as  on  a  light  fandy  Soil,  where  they 
are  alfo  much  fecnier  from  being 
deftroyed  by  f  rofl  or  Wet  in  Win* 
ter.  When  any  Plants  of  the^ 
Kinds  come  up  from  Seeds  whick 
may  be  Scattered,  which  they  fi«- 
quently  do,  if  they  are  kept  clean 
from  Weeds,  they  will  do  as  well  at 
thofe  which  are  fown:  wherefore 
they  ihould  not  be  deftroyed  ;  but, 
if  ihey  do  not  (land  in  a  proper 
Plaoe,  they  may  be  uken  up,  with 
Earth  to  their  Roots,  and  iranf- 
planted. 

The  third  Sort  is  propagated  either 
from  Seeds,  or  by  planting  Cut- 
tings In  any  of  the  Summer-months : 
but,  as  the  Seeds  feldom  ripen  in 
this  Country,  it  can  only  be  propa- 
gated by  Cuttings,  which,  if  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  light  Earth,  and 
ihaded  and  watered,  will  take  Roo( 
in  five  or  dx  Weeks  time,  and  may 
then  be  removed,  and  placed  with 
other  hardy  Exotic  Plants,  in  the 
open  Air,  where  they  will  uMtke  a 
Diverfity :  it  is  an  abiding  Plant, 
and  continues  flowering  the  greateft 
Part  of  the  Year,  for  which  it  is 
valued :  this  is  tender,  requiring 
a  moderate  Shelter  in  very  hard  Wea* 
ther. 

ASTRAGALUS,  Wild  Dquo- 
rice,  or  Liquorice-vetch. 
The  Cbaraffers  are  $ 

//  bath  a  fafiUntaeiomt  Flenver^ 
ctmfifiiMg  of  the  StandarJ,  the  Ketl^ 
and  thi  Wivgi :  out  i/*  the  Wivwir^ 
cuf  anfet  the  Pointal,  covtrgJ  *uith 


AS  AS 

m  Sheath^  nvhich  afttt^osari  hicumts  lO.  Astragalus  mmttanm  far* 

m  hieaffular  Pod^  inbicb  isJUUdioiib  fmrtus  Anglieus.  T^krm.    Englifi  pur* 

Mdnty-Jhaped  Suds :   to  miifkif  Notes  pie  Milk-vetch  of  the  Monntains. 

may  bt  addid^  7 bat  tbe  Leantit  igrow  .11.  Astragalus   Mftnus,   tra^ 

ly  Pairs  aloag  a  middle  Rib^  iMtban  gacanib^e  folio ^    'oiJUarims.    Toura, 

add  OM  at  tbi  End.  i.  Blaildcr  Milk-vetch    of-  the  Alfs^ 

The  Sficits  are ;  with  a  Goats-thorn  leaf. 

1.  AsTRAGALors  Iw/ttttt  fmums  .12.  Astragalus  Alpimts^  tra- 
frocumbiiu  vulgaris^  frut  Jylvtftris.  gacantba  folio^  ramofus^  flora  cceralm 
Mar.  Hifl.  Wild  Liqaorice,  or  Li-  glomerato,  Toum.  Branched  Milk- 
qnorice-vetch.  vetch  of  the  Alfs^  with  a  Goats- 

2.  Astragalus  luteus  mmnms  thorn -leaf,  and  blue  glomerated 
Monfpiiiacus  proeambans,  Mor.  Hift,  Flowers. 

Yellow  annual  trailing  Milk-vetch  13.  Astragalus  OriamtaKs  al' 

of  MontpiUer.  tiffimus^    g^i^g^  filils  ampliarihns^ 

3.  Astragalus  luteus  peretmis^  flore  parvofla^efcenie.T.Car,  Tall- 
JlBfua  gemalla  rotunda  ^eficam  r/-  eft  £aftem  Milk-vetch,  with  ample; 
foreuta.  Mor,  Yellow  perennial  Goats-rue-leaves,  and  a  fmall  /d* 
Milk -vetch,  with  a  round  Pod»  re-  lowilh  Flower. 

fembling  a  Bladder.  14.  A$tw. agaiaj %  Oriamtalis  al* 

4*  Astragalus  annua j  mariii-  tiffimus^  fraxini  folio ^  flora  a  virfdi 

mus  procumbent  latifoliuj,  ftoribus  fe-  fianjefcente,  T.  Cor,     Talleft  £afteni 

dicmlo  injidentibus     Toum.     Annual  Milk-vetch»  with  an  A(h-leaf,  and 

naritime  trailing  Milk  vetch,  with  a  greenifh-yellow  Flower, 

broad  Leaves,  and  the  Flowers  fit-  15.  Astragalus  OrientaUs  ma- 

ting  on  Pedicles.  ximus  incanus  are^uj,  caule  ab  into  ad 

^.  Astragalus  aunuus  augufti-  ^fianmum  ftorido,    7.  Car,     Greateft 

f alius ^  fiofcuUs  pedieulis  oblongis  inft-  hoary  upright  Milk- vetch,   with  i 

dtutihus,    Touru,      Narrow  -  leav!d  Stalk  flowering  from  the  Bottom  to 

annual  Milk-vetcb,  whofe  Flowers  the  Top. 

Sand  on  long  Footftalks.  16.  Astragalus  Canadenfis^fiort 

6.  Astragalus  annuus  angufti-  viridi  fla^efcente,  Acad,  Reg.  Sdea, 
JolisUf  fiofcuHs  fuhceervleis  cauliculis  Milk-vetch  of  Canada^  with  a  green- 
adheeteutihus  7 own.  Narrow- leavM  ifn -yellow  Flower. 

•annual  . Milk  r  vetch,    with   bluiih  17.  AsTHfiCAisVS  Orientalis  wl- 

Flowers  adhering  to  the  Stalks.  IcfiJ^mus^  eapituiis  rotundioribas,  fio- 

7.  Astragalus  annuus  procum-  ribus  purpureis.  Cor.  Inft.  R.H,  The 
A«t/,  ftoribus  glosneratis  purpureis,  moft  hairy  Oriental  Milk -vetch,  with 
Boerb.  bid.     Annual  trailing  Milk-  round  Heads,  and  purple  Flowers, 
vetch,  with  purple  Flowers  grow-  18.  Astragalus  *uillofus  fpica' 
ing  in  Cl'uAers.  tus  treSus^    ftoribus  ftavefcentihus, 

8.  Astragalus  Alpinus  proce^  Amman,  Rut b.  Upright  hairy  Milk- 
rior  alopocuroides,  Toum.  Taller  vetch,  with  yellowi^  fpikcd  Flow- 
Fox  tail  Milk- vetch  of. the  Alps,  ers. 

9.  Astragalus  pumilis,  filiqua  19.  Astragalus  nan  ramofus^ 
epiglottidis  forma,  Toum.  Dwarf  'oillofus  far*  incanus^  fpiiatus  ftmhns 
Milk  vetch,  with  a  Pod  ihaped  like  purpurea  nfiolaceis,  Amman.  Ratb. 
the  Epiglottis.  Unbranched  hoar^  Milk-vetch,  with 

purfjfl- 


A  S 

por|dev]olet   Flowers  growing  in 

Spikes. 

20.  Astragalus  caulifcens  ere- 
SMt,  legupunibms  ereBiufculh  nudis 
iumJis  tereti'JeprfJjis^  mucnme  re* 
jtixe.  Hort.  UpfaL  Upright  Milk* 
vetcii,  with  fwelling  naked  Pods, 
ftandiag  ere£l>  and  reflexed  at  tlie 
Point 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 
diners  Parts  of  England^  and  is  fel- 
dom  preferved  in  Gardens.  This 
dies  to  the  Root  every  Winter,  and 
rifes  again  the  following  Spring.  It 
flowers  in  June^  and  the  Seeds  are 
ripe  in  Augmft.  This  may  be  propa- 
gated by  rowing. of  the  Seeds  in  the 
Spring,  upon  almoft  any  Soil,  or  in 
any  Situation,  and  require  no  far- 
ther Care  but  to  keep  it  clear  from 
Weeds. 

The  tenth  Sort  grows  wild  in  fe- 
terai  Parts  of  England  i  but  is  not 
A)  common  as  the  former.  This  may 
^  propagated  in  the  fame  manner 
as  the  former. 

The  fecond,  fourth,  fifth,  fixth, 
2Bd  ieventh  Sorts  are  annual  Plants : 
thefe  may  be  propagated  by  fowing 
of  dicir  Seeds  in  Mareb^  upon  a  Bed 
«f  light  fieih  Earth,  in  an  open  Si- 
^Qon;  and  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  they  ihould  be  thinned, 
leaving  them  about  a  Foot  afunder ; 
^  this,  there  will  be  no  other 
Trouble,  bat  to  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds.  Thefe  will  produce 
t^cir  Flowers  in  Summer,  and  in  Au- 
^ornn  their  Seeds  will  be  perfefted. 
There  is  but  little  Beauty  in  thefe 
J^anu ;  fo  they  are  not  often  pre- 
wired, unlefs  in  Bounic  Gardens, 
for  die  fake  of  Variety. 

The  other  Sorts  are  all  abiding 
l^lants,  but  muH  be  propagated  by 
Jwing  of  their 'Seeds  toward  the 
^er-end  of  Mareb,  on  a  Bed  of 
^  light  Earth ;  obfervine  not  to 
^  the  Seeds  too  deep,  left  tney  rot ; 
Vol.  I. 


AS 

alid,  when  the  Plants.are  come  np,' 
they  ihould  be  thinned,  leading  them 
about  fix  Inches  afunder  ;  and,  da** 
ring  the  Summer  following,  you 
ihould  conftantly  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds.  In  O^aber  you  may 
tranfplant  thefe  Plants  into,  the  Bor* 
ders  where  they  are  to  remain ;  in 
doing  which  you  ihould  carefully 
dig  to  the  Bottom  of  their  Roots  i 
for  mod  pf  them  fend  forth  long 
Tap-roots,  which  go  deep  into  the 
Earth ;  and,  if  cut  or  broken,  rarelji 
overcome  it.  Thefe  Plants  many 
of  them  grow  very  tall,  and  ihould 
be  allowed  a  great  Share  of  room* 
The  fifteenth  Sort  will  grow  to  the 
Height  of  five  or  iix  Feet,  and  is 
often  garniihed  with  Flowers  from 
the  Root  upward  to  the  Top  of  th9 
Scalk,  and  makes  a  good  Appear- 
ance :  but  the  eighth  is  by  far  the 
moil  beautiful  of  all  .the  Kinds ;  thi» 
produces  large  Tufts  of  Flowers,  of 
a  yellow  Colour,  upon  the  Top  of 
the  Stalks  :  the  Roots  of  this  Sort 
do  not  continue  above  two  or  three 
Years ;  but,  as  the  Seeds  are  ripened 
very  well  mofl  Years,  there  may  be 
always  a  Supply  of  young  Plants 
raifed.  The  other  Plants  are  peren- 
rial,  of  no  great  Beauty  ;  fo  are  fel*  , 
dom  cultivated  in  Gardens. 

ASTkANTIA,  Mailer  wort. 

The  Cbara^ers  are ; 
//  baib  a  Rofe  anduj/ibiUated  Flow 
tr,  confifting  of  fe*veral  Lea*ves :  tbe 
Apices  are,  for  tbe  moft  /«?/,  reflex- 
ed^ and  are  placed  orbicularly  on  tbg 
Elvwer-cuf :  this  after^ward  becomes    ^ 
a  Fruit,  compofed.  of  ttwo  Seeds,  each 
of  nvbicb  is  covered  *witb  afurro<wed 
Hujk :    to  thefe  muft  be  added,  Tbe 
Flovaers  are  colle&ed  into  an  Head^ 
furrounded  <witb  a  Qrcle- of  Leaves. 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  AsTRANTiA  major,  corona flo" 
ris  putpurafcente,  Tourn,  Black  Ma- 
ilerwort,  with  purpliih  Flowers. 

L  2.  ASTRAN- 


A  T 

2.  Ayr  RANT  I A  major  J  corona  flo- 
ns  tandida,   7oum.     Great  Maitcr* 
"Wort,  with  white  Flowers. 
,    Thefe  Pluits  are  both  very  hardy ; 
they  may  be  propagated  either  by 
ibwing  of  their  Seeds,   or  parting 
Clieir  Roots.  If  they  are  propagated 
fxovi  Seeds,   they  ftould  be  rown 
carl/  in  the  Spring,  or  in  Aatumn, 
foon  after  their  Seeds  are  ripe,  on  a 
Ihady  Border ;  and,  when  the  Plants 
are  come  op,  they  fhould  be  care- 
fully weeded  ;  and,  where  they  are 
too  clofei  ibme  of  the  Plants  (hould 
be  drawn  out,  to  allow  room  for  the 
ethers  to  grow,  until  Michaelmas^ 
when  they  (hou!d  be  tranfplanted 
where  they  are  to  remain;  which 
fiould  always  be  in  a  moift  Soil,  and 
a  fiiady  Situation.  The  Diftance  thefe 
Plants  fhould  be  placed,  is  two  Feet; 
for  their  Roots  will  fpread  to  a  con- 
fiderable  Width,  if  they  are  permit- 
ted to  remain  foroe  Years  in  the  fame 
Place.     They  require  no  other  Cul- 
ture, but  to  keep  them  clear  from 
Weeds,  and  every  third  or  fourth 
Year  to  be  taken  up  at  Michaelmas^ 
and  their  Roots  parted,  and  planted 
again.  Thefe  Plants  are  feldom  pre- 
ferved,  but  in  Botanic  Gardens,  there 
being  no  great  Beauty  in  their  Flow- 
ers, nor  are  they  afed  in  Medicine  at 
prefent;  though,  by  fome  Perfons, 
the  firft  Soit  hdis  been  called  black 
Hellebore,  and,  I  believe,  has  been 
nied  as  iiich. 

ATRACTYLIS,  DiflafF-thiftlc. 
Vide  Cnicus. 

ATRIPLEX,  Orr^h  or  Arach. 
The  CharaSers  are; 

h  hath  no  Lcanjos  to  the  Flotwer ; 
hut  corfifts  of  many  Stamina,  nvhich 
ari/e /torn  afn/O'leav^d  Empa/emont : 
the  Pointal  afier*ward  hecomes  the 
Seedy  nvhich  is  Jlat  and  orhiculaty 
and  is  inclofed  in  the  Empalementy 
ivhich  hecomes  a  Jo/iacffus  Ca^/ii/e, 


A  T 

in  tvhich  are  included  tnuo  Sorts  of 
Seeds. 

The  Species  are  s 

1.  ATMi\9i.f.}i  hortefffis  alhay  fina 
pailiae  'uirens,  C.  B.  P,  Garden  Or* 
rach,  of  a  pale-green  Colour. 

2.  At Ri FLEX  hortenfis  mgricam, 
C.  B.  P.  Dark  green  Garden  Or- 
rach. 

3.  Atriplbx  hortenfis  rnhra,  C, 

B,  P.     Red  Garden  Orrach. 

4.  Atriplkx  latifolia^  fi'ue  &- 
iimus  fruticcfus.  Mar,  tiift.  Shrubby 
broad -leav*d  Orrach,  commonly  call- 
ed, Sea-purflane*tree. 

5.  Atriplex  maritima  fruticofa^ 
Haiimus  ^.  PortuUca  marina  dida, 
anguflifoUa,  Raii  Syn,  Shrubby  Sea* 
orrach,  commonly  called.  Sea-pur* 
flane,  with  a  narrow  Leaf. 

6.  Atriplex  maritima  Jacininta* 

C.  B.  F.     Sea-orrach,  with  jagged 
Leaves. 

7.  Atriplex  AJBT^ir^ff  ohiongo  fo- 
Ho.  C.  B.  P.  Long  narrow-leav*d 
Orrach. 

8.  AxKivhitx  angtifiiffimo  ^  ioH' 
gijfimo  folio,  H,  L,  Orrach  with  very 
long  narrow  Leaves. 

9.  Atriplex  fyhvefiris^  fruBn 
comfrejfo  rofeo  ^  ftellato.  C  B.  Prod. 
Wild  Orrach,  with  a  compreiTed 
flarry  and  rofe-ihaped  Fruit. 

10.  Atkip LEX  Crotica  maritims 
ereda^  folio  triangularis  Town,  Cor, 
Upright  Sea  Candy  Orrach,  with  a 
triangular  Leaf. 

11.  Atriplex  Gr^ca  fruticofit 
humifufay  halimi  folio,  Tonm,  Cor. 
Dwarf  fhrubby  Orrach,  with  a  Sea* 
purilane-leaf. 

liz.  Atriplex  Orientalis  fmif 
fcensy  folio  amplijfimoargenteo.  Toum* 
Cor,  Shrubby  Oriental  Orrach,  with 
a  large  filver-colour'd  Leaf. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  was  &r- 
merly  cultivated  in  the  Kitchcn^gar- 
dens,  as  a  culinary  Herb,  being  ufed 


A  T.    . 

0  Spmachy  and  is  by  fome  Perfbns 
fnSencd  to  it ;  though^  in  general, 
it  is  not  efteemed  amongft  the  Eng' 
l^;  bat  the  Fnneb  now  cultivate 
Cfaii  Plant  for  Ufe. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  are  be- 
lieved to  be  Varieties  of  the  iirft ; 
for  they  differ  in  nothing  from  that, 
bot  b  the  Coloor  of  their  Stalks  and 
leaves :  however,  this  Difference  is 
not  accidental ;  for  I  have  (everal 
Years  cultivated  all  the  three  Sorts 
in  the  fame  Soil,  and  they  have  al- 
ways retained  their  Difference  from 
Seeds,  and  have  not  interchanged,  as 
moft  Varieties  generally  do. 

Tbeie  Plants  are  annual;  fo  mufi 
be  (own  for  Ufe  early  in  the  Spring, 
or  at  Micbmetmas ,  foon  after  the  Seeds 
ve  ripe  $  at  which  time  it  generally  . 
fucceeds  better  than  when  it  is  fown 
io  die  Spring,  and  will  be  fit  for  Ufe 
at  leaft  a  Month  earlier  in  the  Spring. 
Thefe  Plants  require  no  other  Cul- 
ture, but  to  hoe  them  when  they  are 
aboat  an  Inch  high;  to  cut  them 
down  where  they  are  too  thick,  leav- 
ing  them  about  four  Inches  afunder ; 
ud  to  cat  down  all  the  Weeds. 
When  your  Plants  arc  grown  about 
ibor  Inches  high,  it  will  be  proper 
to  hoe  them  a  fecond  time,  in  order 
to  clear  them  from  Weeds  ;  and,  if 
yoQ  obferve  the  Plants  are  left  too 
€lofc  in  any  Part,  you  mufl  then  cut 
tbcm  out.     Where  thefe  Plants  are 
fbwn  on  a  rich  Soil,  and  allowed  a 
good  Difbnce,   the  Leaves  will  be 
▼erykrge,  in  which  the  Goodnefs 
of  the  Herb  confifls.    This  muft  be 
ttt«n  while  it  is  young  ;  for,  when 
^  Stalks  become  tough,  it  is  good 
for  nothing.     Some  few  Plants  of 
each  Kind  may  be  permitted  to  (land 
for  Seed,  to  preferve  their  Kinds, 
which  will  ripen  in  Aupift^  and  may 
then  be  cut,   and  laid  on  a  Cloth  to 
dry  ;  after  which  the  Seeds  may  be 
beaten  oat,   and  put  up  for  Ufe. 


A  T 

The  firft  Sort  is  ordered  by  the  Col* 
lege  of  Phyficians  for  medicinal 
Ufe. 

The  fourth  Sort  was  formerly  cul- 
tivated in  Gardens  as  a  Shrub  ;  and^ 
by  fome  Perfons,  they  were  formed 
into  Hedges,  and  conllantly  fheared, 
to  keep  them  thick :  but  I  do  noC 
approve  of  this  Plant  for  fuch  Pur- 
pofes,  on  many  Accounts ;  for  it  is 
too  vigorous  :  the  Shoots,  in  one 
Month,  at  tbe  growing  Seafon  of 
the  Year,  will  be  two  Feet  long,  pro- 
vided they  have  a  good  Soil ;  fo  that 
an  Hedge  of  this  Plant  cannot  be 
kept  in  tolerable  Order,  nor  will 
it  ever  form  a  thick  Hedge.  fiuC 
aworfe  Inconvenience  attends  thia 
Plant ;  for,  in  ^ttxy  hard  Winters,  it 
is  often  deftroyed ;  as  alfo,  in  very 
dry  Summers,  many  of  the  Planta 
will  decay,  whereby  there  will  be- 
come large  Gaps  in  the  Hedge. 

But  although  this  Plant  be  not 
proper  for  Hedges,  yet  it  may  have 
a  Pkce  in  Wilder nefs. quarters, where 
it  will  ferve  to  thicken ;  and  the 
filver-coloured  Leaves  will  add  to 
the  Variety,  amongft  other  Shrubs 
of  the  fame  Growth.  This  will  grow 
eight  or  ten  Feet  high,  and,  if  fuf- 
fered  to  grow  wild,  without  pruning, 
will  fpread  feveral  Feet  in  Compafs. 
and  will  fometimes  produce  Flow- 
ers. 

It  may  be  propagated  by  Cat- 
tings,  which  may  be  planted  in  any 
of  the  Summer-months,  on  a  ihady 
Border,  where,  if  they  are  duly  wa- 
tered, they  will  foon  take  Root,  and 
will  be  fit  to  tranfplant  the  Michael* 
mas  following,  when  they  fhould  be 
planted  where  they  are  to  remain ; 
for  they  do  notfuccced  well  in  tranf- 
planting  when  they  are  grown  pretty 
large  and  woody. 

The  fifth  Sort  grows  wild  in  di- 
vers Parts  oi  EnglandyOXx  theSea-iide, 
from  whence  the  Plants  may  be  pro-* 
L  a  cured  f 


A  T 

• 

cored  i  or  it  may  be  propagate  by 

Cuttings,  in  the  tame  maimer  as  Uie 
former  Sort.  This  is  a  low  Undcr- 
ihrubf  feldom  rlfing  above  tuo  Feet 
and  an  half,  or  at  mo  ft  three  Feet 
high  i  but  becomes  very  bufhy.  The 
Leaves  of  this  Kind  are  narrow,  and 
of  a  whitiOi  Colour ;  but  are  not  \o 
white  as  thofe  of  the  former.  This 
jnay  have  a  Place  among il  other  low 
Shrubs  i  and,  if  planted  on  a  poor 
gravelly  Soil,  will  abide  feveral 
Years,  and  make  a  pretty  Diver- 
fity. 

The  iixth,  feventh,  eighth,  and 
ninth  Sorts  grow  wild  in  England 
and  Holland  \  and  are  fcIdom  pre- 
ferved  but  in  Botanic  Gardens,  for 
the  fake  of  Variety.  Thcfe  are  pro- 
pagated by  SeedsyWhich  may  be  fown 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  when  they 
will  fucceed  much  better  than  if  they 
are  fown  in  the  Spring.  When  the 
plants  are  come  up,  they  ihould  be 
thinned,  fo  as  to  leave  them  four  or 
ii\t  Inches  diflant,  and  kept  clear 
from  Weeds ;  which  is  all  the  Cul- 
ture they  require.  If  the  Seeds  of 
thefe  Plants  are  permitted  to  fall  on 
the  Ground,  they  will  flock  the  Gar- 
den wish  Weeds  ;  therefore  they 
ihould  be  pulled  op  as  foon  as  the 
Seeds  begin  to  ripen ;  and,  where 
the  Sorts  are  to  be  preferved,  a  few 
Seeds  of  each  may  be  faved,  and  the 
Plants  deftroyed  before  the  Seeds 
fcatter. 

The  tenth,  eleventh,  twelfth,  and 
thirteenth  Sorts  were  difcovered  by 
Dr.  Tourntforty  in  the  Lenjant^  who 
fent  their  Seeds  to  the  Royal  Gar- 
den at  Paris^  from  whence  they  have 
been  communicated  to  feveral  Gar- 
dens in  Holland  and  England,  The 
tenth  Sort  may  be  propagated  by 
Seedsy  as  the  four  former  Sorts ;  but 
mail  have  a  warmer  Situation,other- 
wife  it  will  not  perfect  Seeds  in  this 
Country. 


A  V 

The  other  two  Sorts  miy  be  pro- 
pagated by  Seeds,  or  by  Cattioji 
planted  on  a  (hady  Border,  as  wasdi- 
re£ied  for  the  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts. 
Thefe  muft  be  planted  in  Pot&,  aod 
(heltered  in  Winter  under  a  Gaxden- 
frame, where  they  may  have  as  m^ 
free  Air  as  poffible-in  mildWeatber; 
but  in  hard  Froft  they  moil  be  M^ 
tered,  othrrwife  it  will  deftroy  them* 
Some  of  thefe  Plants  may  be  plaDted| 
on  a  warm  Border,  in  a  poor 
velly  Soil,  where  they  will  endi 
the  Cold  of  ottr  ordinary  Win« 
very  well,  and  will  make  a  pi 
Variety  amongft  Plants  of  the 
Growthi  The  eleventh  Sort 
feldom  rife  above  two  Feet  hi^ 
but  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  Soit>| 
will  grow  to  be  fix  or  feven  Ftftl 
high. 

AVENA,  Oats. 
The  CharaHtrs  are; 

.//  h  difiinguijhed from  other  C*nr, 
hy  the  Grain  gro^wing  in  loofe  PtfU- 
cUi. 

The  Species  are  j 

1.  AvEHA  t'ulgarij  yig  edha.  C 
B.  P,     Common  or  white  Oats. 

2.  AvENA  nigra.  C.B,P.  Black 
Oats. 

3.  AvEN A  nuda.  C.  B.  P.  Naked 
Oats. 

4..  AvEHA  ruBra.  Red  Of  browii 
Oats. 

The  Hrft  Sort  here  mentioned  is 
the  moil  common  about  Loudon:  the 
fecond  Sort  is  more  cultii'ated  in  the 
Northern  Parts  of  England^  and  b 
cftcemed  a  very  hearty  Food  for 
Horfes  ;  but  the  fir  ft  makes  the 
whiteil.  Meal,  and  is  chiefly  culti- 
vated where  the  Inhabitants  live 
much  upon  Oatcakes. 

The  third  Sort  is  lefs  common 
than  either  of  the  otker,  efpccially 
in  the  Southern  Parts  of  England; 
but,  in  the  North  of  England,  Sroi- 
/and,  ^ndirales,.i{  is  cultivated  in 

plenty. 


A  V  A  V 

plcDly.     This  Sort  is  eHeemed,  be-  the  Straw  and  Huiks  being  of  To  dr^ 

caofe  the  Grain  threihes  clean  out  of  a  Nature,  that,  if  they  are  houfed 

the  Hiriky  and  need  not  be  carried  to  wet,  they  will  not  heat  in  the  Mow, 

the  Mill  to  be  made  into  Oatmeal  or  become  mouldy,  as  other  Grain 

or  Grift.     An  Acre  of  Ground  doth  ufually  do ;  fo  is  of  great  Advantage 

HOC  yield  fo  many  Buihels  of  thefe,  in  the  Northern  Parts  of  EngUnef^ 

as  of  the  common  Oats,  by  reafon  and  in  Scotland^  where  their  Harveft 

j   the  Grain  is  fmall  and  naked,  and  is  generally  late,  and  the  Autumns 

[   goes  near  in  Meafure ;  but  what  is  wet. 

wanting  in  the  Meafure,  is  fupplied  The  Meal  of  this  Grain  ihakes  to- 

in  Value.  lerable  good  Bread,  and  i^  the  com- 

The  red  Oats  are  much  cultivated  mon  Food  of  the  Country-people  in 

in  Derbjftfire^  Staffordjbire,  and  Che-  the  North.  In  the  South  it  is  eflcem- 

J^e ;  but  are  never  feen  in  any  of  ed  for  Pottage,  and  other  MefTcs  ; 

the  Coanties  near  London ;  though,  and,  in  fome  Places,  they  make  Beer 

as  diey  are  very  hardy,  and  give  a  with  this  Grain. 

good  Increafe,  they  woald  be  well  The  beft  time  for  fowing  of  Oats 

worth  propagating,  efpecially  for  all  is  in  February  or  March ^  according 

ftrong  Lands.  as  the  Seafon  is  early  or  late  ;  and 

The  Straw  of  thefe  Oats  is  of  a  fometimes  I  have  known  it  fown  in 

browni(h-red  Colour,  as  is  alfo  the  April,  and  has  been  early  ripe.  The 

Grain,  which  is  yety  full  and  heavy,  black  and  red  Oats  may  be  fown  a 

and  eiieemed  better  Food  for  Horfes  Month  earlier  than  the  white,  be- 

than  either  of  the  former  Sorts.  caufe  they  are  hardier. 

Oats  are  a  very  profitable  Grain,  Oats  are  often  fown   on   Land 
Mid  abfolutely  neceflary,  being  the  which  has  the  former  Year  produced 
principal  Grain  which  Horfes  love;  Wheat,  Rye,  or  Barley.     The  com- 
and  are  efteemed  the  moft  wholfome  mon  Method  is  to  plow  in  the  Stub- 
Pood  for  thofe  Cattle,  being  fweet,  .  ble  about  the  Beginning  oiFtbruary^ 
and  of  an  opening  Nature ;  other  and  fow  the  Oats,  and  harrow  them 
Grains  being  apt  to  bind,  which  is  in;  but  then  they  muft  be  harrowed 
injorious  to  labouring  Hories  :  but  the  fame  Way  as  the  Furrows  lie ; 
if  you  feed  them  with  this  Grain,  for,   if  it  be  done  crofs-ways,   the 
foon  after  they  are  houfed,  before  Stubble  will  be  raifed  on  the  Surface: 
they  have  fweat  in  the  Mow,  or  are  but  when  People  have  time  to  plow 
otherwife  dried,  it  is  as  bad  on  the  the  Stubble  in  Autumn,  it  will  rot  in 
the  other  hand  ;  for  they  are  then  too  Wiriter ;  and  then  giving  the  Land 
laxative.  another  Plowing,    juft  before  the 
This  Grain  is  a  great  Improve-  Oats  arc  fown,    it  wilt  make  the 
ment  to  many  Eftates  in  the  North  Ground  finer,  and  better  to  receive 
0^ England,  Scotland,  and  Walej ;  for  the  Grain.    Mod  People  allow  four 
it  will  thrive  on  cold  barren  Soils,  Buihels  of  Oats  to  an  Acre ;   but  I 
which  will  produce  no  other  Sort  of  am  convinced  three  Biifheis  are  full 
Grain ;  it  will  alfo  thrive  on  the  hot-  enough :  the  ufual  Produce  is  about 
teft  Land :  in  Ihort,  there  is  no  Soil  twentv-five  Bufhels  to  an  Acre,  tho' 
tod  rich  or  too  poor  for  it,  too  hot  I  have  fometimes- known  more  than 
or  too  cold  for  it :  and  in  wet  Har-  thirty  Buihels  on  an  Acre, 
rdb,  when  other  Grain  is  fpoiled,  Oats  are  alfo  fowii  upon  Land 
this  will  receive  little  or  no  Damage ;  when  it  is  fiifl  broken  up,  before  the 

L  3  (ground 


A  U 

Ground  is  brought  to  a  Tilth  for 
other  Grain ;  and  is  frequently  Town 
upon  the  Sward  with  ooe  Plowing  i 
but  it  is  much  better  to  give  the 
Sward  time  to  rot,  before  the  Oats 
are  fown. 

AURANTIUM,  Th«  Orange- 

tree. 

The  CharaSen  are ; 

^he  iMPoes  bame  tfwo  Lsba  or  Jp* 
findages  at  their  Bafcy  njjhicb  art 
Mi  Ears^  anil  cut  in  form  of  an 
Utart:  tbt  Fruit  is  round  and  dt* 
frejftd^  and  of  a  jello^uj  Colour  <wben 
ripe :  the  Juice  is  fiwett ;  in  njubicb 
it  differs  from  the  Citron  and  Lemon. 
The  Species  are ; 

l.AuRANTiUM  acri medulla^ vul' 
gare,  Ferr.  Hejp.  The  common  Se- 
ville Orange. 

a.AuR  ANTiUM  «f«^/»/Ar  dulci^'o.ul' 
rare,  Ferr.  Hefp.  The  fwect  SeviUe 
jDrange. 

3.  AuRANTiUM  Svnenfe.  Ferr, 
Befp.     The  China  Orange. 

4.  AuRANTiVM  cri/po/olio.  Ferr. 
Hefp.    The  curPd-leavM  Orange. 

5.  AuRANTlUM  cri/po  folio,  ele- 
gantijjtme  variegato.  Boerh.Ind.  The 
2riped  curPd-leaved  Orange. 

6.  AuRANTiuM  corniculatum. 
Ferr.  Hefp.    The  homed  Orange. 

7.  AuRANTiUM  folio  tfariegato, 
ntuigarey  Anglicum  diSum.  Boerb. 
Jnd.  The  common  (biped  Orange. 

8.  AuRANTiUM  hermapbroditum, 
fartim  Aurantium,  partim  Citrium, 
The  Hermaphrodite  Orange. 

9.  AuRAMTiVM  angufo  falicis 
folio  diaum.  Boerb.  Ind.  Willow- 
leaved  Orange,  commonly  called, 
The  Turky  Orange. 

10.  AuRAMTiUM  angttjio  falicis 
folio,   elegantifjime  variegato.     The 

ilripcd  Turfy  Orange. 

1 1 .  AuRANTiUM  fruSu  maxiwo, 
India  Orientalis,  Boerb.  Ind.  The 
Fumpelmoes,  or  Shaddock. 

12.  AuEANTiVM  fore   dvplici. 


A  U 

terr.  Hefp,      The  double 
Orange. 

13.  AuRANTiUM  pumilmm,  ftA^ 
acri  tneduUa.  B'artol.  The  commott 
Dwarf,  or  Nutmeg  Orange. 

14.  AuRANTiUM  pumiium,  folio 
Cff  fru3u  njariegato,  medulla  perm* 
cida.  BartoL  The  Dwarf  fiiiped 
Orange. 

15.  AtJRANTiuM  Sinicum  pumi* 
lum.  Camel.  The  Dwaxf  Cbiaa 
Orange. 

16.  AvRANTiUM  fopmisea,  fern 
fcetiferum.  Ferr.  Hefp.  The  child- 
ing  Orange. 

17.  AuRAHTiVM  diflortum.  Ferr, 
Hefp,     The  diftorted  Orange. 

18.  AuRANTiUM  i»tfjrrfBM».<cwr- 
rucofo  cortice.  BartoL  The  laigt 
warted  Orange. 

19.  AuRANTtUM  flellatstm  & 
refeum.  Ferr.  Hefp,  The  ftarry 
Orange. 

20.  AuRANTiUM  duld  cortice. 
Ferr,  Hefp.  The  Orange  with  a  fwcet 
Rind. 

The  China  Orange  is  not  fe  hardy 
as  the  Seville ;  therefore  moft  be 
treated  more  tenderly,  placing  it  in 
Winter  in  the  warmeft  Part  of^  the 
Green-houfe,  and  houfing  it  earlier  s 
in  Autumn  ;  otherwife  the  Fruit  will 
all  drop  from  the  Tr^es.  This  Sort 
rarely  produce*  good  Fruit  in  Eng- 
land,  nor  are  the  Leaves  of  the  Tree 
near  fo  large,  or  beautiful,  as  thoTe 
of  the  Seville  Orange ;  therefore  the 
latter  (hould  be  preferrM,  and  only 
a  Tree  or  two  of  the  Cbines  Sort  kept 
for  Variety. 

The  two  Dwarf  Oranges  are  alfo 
tender,  and  their  Leaves  are  very 
{mall,  growing  in  Ckiflers :  the  Flow- 
ers of  thcfe  grow  very  dofe  together, 
and  appear  like  a  Nofegay,  the 
Branches  being  covered  'With  theai* 
This  Sort,  when  in  Flower,  is  prO' 
per  to  place  in  a  Room  or  Gallery^ 
to  adorn  them  :  the  Flowers^  beiog 

'  very 


A  U  A  U 

t«iy  fireet,  will  perfame  the  Air  of  fome  curious  Perfons  for  Variety ; 

iheflict;  but  thefc  are  feldom  to  but  they  are  not  fo  beautiful  as  the 

be  found  in  gpod  Health,  becaufe  common  Orange.    There  are  alfo  a 

tlie^  muft  be  treated  with  more  Care  great  Variety  of  fweet  Oranges  both 

tlon  the  common  Orange  and  Le-  \n  the  Eaji  and  Wefi-Imditiy  fome  of 

non-trees :  as  muft  alfo  the  Shad-  which  are  much  more  eftecmed  than 

dock,otherwife  the  Fruit  will  always  thofe  we  now  have  in  Europt ;  but 

drop  oF  in  Winter.     This  Sort  was  as  they  are  much  tenderer,  they  will 

hrought  from  the  Eafi  Indies  by  one  not  thrive  in  this  Country  with  the 

Capt.  Shaddock^  from  whom  the  In-  common  Culture :  therefore  I  ihall 

habitants   of  the   Weji- Indies  gave  not  enumerate  them  4  but  iliall  pro* 

this  Fruit  the  Name.   But  they  have  ceed  to  give  Directions  for  the  Ma* 

greatly  d^enerated  the  Fruit  fince  nagement  of  Orange-trees  in  Eng" 

It  has  been  in  thtWefi -Indies^  by  land, 

laifing  the  Trees  from  Seeds  ;  the        If  you  purpofe  to  raife  Stocks  for 

gieateft  Part  of  which  produce  an  budding  of  Oranges, you  ihouldpro- 

hirih  four  Fruit,  greatly  inferior  to  cure  fome  Citroa  feeds  which  were 

the  original  Sort ;  which,  if  they  duly  ripen'd ;  for  the  Stocks  of  this 

would  bud  from  the  good  Sort,  they  Kind  are  preferable  to  any  other^ 

might  have  in  as  great  Plenty  aa  they  both  for  (^icknefs  of  Growth^  as 

pUas*d;  but  there  are  few  Perfons  alfothatthey  will  take  Buds  of  either 

in  that  Part  of  the  World,  who  un-  Orange,  Lemon, or  Citron  1  next  to 

derfbmd  the  Way   of  grafting  or  thefe  are  the  Sruille  Orange-feeds. 

budding  Fruit-trees  ;   and  if  they  The  befl  Seeds  are  ufually  to  be  had 

did,  they  are  fo  negligent  of  their  from  rotten  Fruits,  which  are  com* 

Fruits,  &c.  as  to  leave  the  Whole  to  monly  eafy  to  be  procured  in  the 

Mature;   ieldom  giving  themfelves  Spring  of  the  Year :  then  prq>are  a 

tty  £uther  Trouble,  than  to  put  the  good  Hot- bed,  of  either  Horfe-dung, 

S^  into  the  Ground,  and  leave  or  Tanners  Bark ;  the  laft  of  which 

<^^  to  i^ow  as  Nature  fhall  in-  is  much  the  better,  if  you  can  eaiily 

(line.  procure  it.     When  this  Bed  is  in  a 

AH  the  Sorts  of  Orange-trees  with  moderate  Temper  for  Heat,  you  muft 

^P*d  Leaves  are  tender  ;  therefore  fow  your  Seeds  in  Pots  of  good  rich 

Buft  be  placed  in  a  warm  Part  of  the  Earth,  and  plunge  them  into  the  Hot- 

Greeo-houie  ia  Winter;  and  vaaSt  bed:  in  three  Weeks  time  your  Seeda 

b^  treated  with  more  Care  than  the  will  come  up ;  and  if  the  young 

Gunmen  Sort,  otherwife  they  will  Plants  are  not  ftimed,  either  for  W9nc 

not  thrive.  Thefe  are  Varieties  which  of  proper  Heat  or  Moiflure,  they 

tome  Perfons  are  fond  of;  but  they  will  be,  in  a  Month^s  time  after  their 

aever  produce  good  Fruit,  nor  are  Appearance,  £r  to  tranfplant  into 

d^  Flowers  produced  in  fo  great  iingle  Pots :  you  muft  therefore  re- 

I^leaty :  therefore  a  few  only  ihould  new  your  Hot-bed ;  and  having  pre* 

^  preferved  for  the  fake  of  Var  pared  a  Quantity  of  fmall  Halfpeny 

<iety.  Pots  (which  are  about  five  Inches 

The  ftarry  Orange  differs  from  over  at  the  Top),  fill  thefe  half- full 

^  other  Sorts,  in  the  Fruit  dividing  of  good  freih  Earth,mix'd  with  very 

JAto five  Parts, and  the  Rind  expand-  rotten  Cow-dung;  and  then  ihake 

^  in  form  of  a  Sur  :  this,  and  the  out  the  young  Plants  from  the  large 

diiioned  Orange,  are  pref^rved  by  Pots,  with  all  the  Eatfh  about  them, 

L  4  ^  that 


A  U 

that  you  may  the  better  feparate  the 
Plants  without  tearing  their  Roots ; 
and  having  half  filled  the  Pots  with 
Earth,  put  a  finglc  Plant  into  each 
of  the  fmall  Pots ;  then  fill  them  up 
with  the  fame  Earth  as  before  direft- 
cd,  plunging  the  Pots  into  the  new 
Hot- bed,  giving  them  a  good  Wa- 
tering to  fix  the  Earth  to  their  Roots, 
and  obferve  to  repeat  the  fame  very 
often  (ior  this  Plant,  when  in  an  Hot- 
bed, requires  much  Water) ;  but  be 
fare  to  fcreen  them  from  the  Sqn  in 
fhc  Heat  of  tiie  Day.  In  this  Me- 
thod, with'due  Care,  your  Plants  will 
grow  to  be  two  Feet  high  by  yu/y ; 
when  you  mufl  begin  to  harden  them 
by  degrees,  in  raifing  your  Glafles 
very  high  ;  and,  when  the  Weather 
is  good,  take  them  quite  off;  but  do 
rot  expofe  them  to  the  open  Sun  in 
the  Heat  of  the  Day  ;  which  would 
be  very  injurious  to  them,  efpccially 
"while  young.  Toward  the  End  of 
Seffemicr  you  muft  houfe  them,  ob- 
ferving  tp  place  them  near  the  Win- 
dows of  the  Green  houfe,  to  prevent 
the  Damps  from  moulding  their  tep- 
der  Shoots.  During  the  Winter-fea- 
fon  they  may  be  often  refreflied  with 
,  Water ;  and,  in  March  or  Jpri/,  wafh 
their  Heads  and  Stems,  to  clear  them 
from  the  Filth  that  may  have  fertled 
thereon,  during  their  being  in  the 
Houfe  ;  and  then  you  mufl  alfo  give 
them  a  gentle  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring, 
which  will  greatly  *  forward  them  ; 
but  harden  them  by  the  Beginning 
of  JuTfe,  that  they  may  be  in  right 
Order  to  bud  in  Jugu/i ;  when  you 
fhould  make  choice  of  Cuttings  from 
Trees  that  are  healthy  and  iruitfut, 
pf  whatever  Kinds  you  pleafe,  ob- 
fcrving  tl.at  the  Shoots  are  round  ; 
the  Buds  of  thefe  being  much  better, 
and  cafier  to  part  from  the  Wood, 
than  fuv  h  as  are  flat.  When  you  have 
budded  the  Stock?,  you  (hould  re- 
pove  'them  ipto*  a  Grecn-houfe,  tp 


A.U 

defend  them  from  Wet,  taming  the 
Buds  from  the  Sun  ;  but  let  {hem 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  poflible, 
and  refrelh  them  often  with  Water. 
In  a  Month's  time  after  Budding,  yoa 
will  fee  which  of  them  has  taken  ; 
you  muft  then  untie  them,  that  the 
Binding  may  not  pinch  their  Buds, 
and  let  them  remain  in  the  Green- 
houfe  all  the  Winter ;  then,  in  the 
Spring,  prepare  a  moderate  Hot-bed 
of  Tanners  Bark;  and,  after  having 
cut  off  the  Stocks  about  three  Inches 
above  the  Buds,  plunge  their  Pot* 
into  the  Hot-bed,  obferving  to  give 
them  Air  and  Water,  as  the  Heat  of 
the  Weather  (hall  require;  but  be 
fure  to  fcfeen  them  from  the  Vio- 
lence of  the  Sun  during  the  Heat  of 
the  Day.  In  this  Management,  if 
your  Buds  (hoot  kindly,  they  will 
grow  to  the  Height  of  two  Feet,  or 
more,  by  yu/y ;  at  which  time,  yoa 
muft  begin  to  harden  them  before 
the  cold  Weather  comes  on,  that  they 
may  the  better  ftand  in  the  Grecn- 
houfe  the  following  Winter.  In  the 
firft  Winter  after  their  fhooting,  you 
muft  keep  them  very  warm  ;  for,  by 
forcing  them  in  the  Bark-bed,  they 
will  be  fbmewhat  tenderer ;  but  it  is 
vary  nccefTary  to  raife  them  to  their 
Height  in  one  Seafon,  that  their 
Stems  may  be-  ftrait ;  for  in  fuch 
Trees,  which  are  two  or  more  Years 
growing  to  their  Heading-height, the 
Stems  are  always  crooked.  In  the 
*  fucceeding  Years,  their  Management 
will  be  tAe  fame  as  in  full-grown 
Trees,  which  will  be  hereafter  treat- 
ed of:  I  fhali  therefore,  now,  pro- 
treed  to  treat  of  the  Management  of 
fnch  Trees  as  are  brought  over  every 
Year  in  Chefts  from  Ita/y  ;  which  is, 
indeed,  by  much  the  quicker  Way 
of  furnifhing  a  Green-houfe  with 
large  Trees  j  for  ihofe  which  arc 
railed  from  Seeds  in  Eng/n/i,  will 
norgrow  fo  large  in.  their  Stems  un- 

dcf 


A  U 

ier  eighteen  or  twenty  Years^as  thefe 
w'dl  iuve  when  brought  over ;  and 
although  their  Heads  are  fmall  when 
we  receive  them,  yet,  in  three  Years, 
with  good  Management,  they  will 
obtain  large  Heads,  and  produce 
fralc. 

In  the  Choice  of  thefe  Trees,  ob- 
ferve,  firft,  the  Difference  of  their 
Shoots  and  Leaves  (if  they  have  any 
upon  them),  to  diftinguifii  their  ^if-. 
&rent  Sorts  s  alfo  prefer  thofe  that 
have  two  good  Buds  in  each  Stock 
(for  many  of  them  have  but  one, 
which  will  always  produce  an  irre- 
gular Head) :  the  Straitnefs  of  the 
Stem,  Freihnefs  of  the  Branches,  and 
Plnmpnefs  of  the  Bark,  are  necefiary 
Obfervations. 

When  you  have  fumi(hed  your- 
fdf  with  a  Parcel  of  Trees,  you  muft 
prepare  a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark,  in  Length  and  Breadth 
according  to  the  Number  of  Trees ; 
then  put  your  Trees  into  a  Tub  of 
Water  upright,  about  half-way  of 
the  Stems,  leaving  the  Head  and  up- 
per Part  of  the  Stem  out  of  the  Wa- 
ter, the  better  to  draw  and  imbibe 
the  Moidure.  In  this  Situation  tHey 
may  remain  two  or  three  Days  (ac- 
conjing  to  their  Plnmpnefs  when  you 
received  them) ;  then  take  them  out, 
and  clean  their  Roots  from  all  Filth, 
Cttttiflg  off  all  broken  or  bruifed 
Roots,  and  all  the  fmall  Fibres,  which 
are  quite  dried  by  being  fo  long  out 
of  the  Earth  ;  and  fcrub  the  Stems 
with  an  hard  Hatr-bru(h,  cleaning 
them  afterwards  with  a  Cloth  ;  then 
cot  off  the  Branches  about  three 
Inches  from  the  Stem  ;  and  having 
prepared  a  Quantity  of  good  frefh 
Earth,  mix'd  wjth  very  rotten  Neats- 
daog,  plant  your  Trees  therein,  ob- 
ferviog  never  to  put  them  into  large 
Pots ;  for  if  they  are  bat  big  enough 
to  contain  their  Roots,  it  is  fuffi- 
cie^t  at  firft  planting :  ^nd  be  forp 


A  U 

to  put  fome  Potiheards  and  larg^ 
Stones  in  the  Bottom  of  each  Pot,  to 
keep  the  Holes  at  the  Bottom  of  the 
Pots  from  being  flopped  with  Earth, 
that  the  Water  may  freely  pafs  offs 
then  plunge  thefe  Pots  into  the  Bark- 
b#d,  watering  them  well  to  fettle 
the  Earth  to  their  Roots,  frequend/ 
repeating  the  fame  as  they  may  re« 
quire  it ;  and  obferve  to  fcreen  the 
Glaffes  of  your  Hot-bed  from  the 
Sun  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day. 

If  your  Trees  take  to  grow  kind- 
ly (as  there  is  little  Reafon  to  doubt 
of,  if  the  Directions  given  be  duly 
obferved),they  will  have  made  ftrong 
Shoots  by  the  Beginning  of  June ;  at 
which  time  you  fhould  flop  their 
Leaders,  to  obtain  lateral  Branches 
to  fumifh  their  Heads :  and  now  you 
mud  give  them  Air  plentifully,  and 
begin  to  harden  them,  that  in  the 
Middle  oljuly  they  may  be  remov'd 
into  the  open  Air,  in  fome  warm 
Situation,  defended  from  the  great 
Heat  of  the  Sun,  and  from  Winds, 
that  they  may  be  hardened  before 
Winter.  About  the  End  of  Sipttm- 
her  you  (hould  houfe  thefe  Plants,  fct- 
ting  them,  at  firft,  in  -the  Front  of 
the  Green-houfe,  near  the  GlafTes » 
keeping  the  Windows  open  at  all 
times  when  the  Weather  will  per- 
mit ;  and  about  the  Latter-end  of 
O^c^/r, when  you  bring  in  the  Myr- 
tles, and  other  Icfs  tender  Trees,  yoa 
mufl  fet  your  Oranges  in  the  warm- 
eft  and  bed  Part  of  the  Houfe,  place- 
ing  lower  Plants  or  Trees  in  the 
Front,  to  hide  their  Stems.  During 
the  Winter,  let  your  Waterings  be 
frequent,  but  give  them  not  too 
much  ac  a  time ;  for  now  their  Heads 
are  but  fmall,  and  therefore  incapa- 
ble to  difcharge  too  great  a  Quan- 
tity of  Moidure ;  and  take  great  Care 
to  guard  them  from  Frod. 

In  the  Spring,  when  you  begin  to 
take  out  fome  of  your  hardied  Sons 

of 


A  U 

%f  Plants*  to  thin  your  Hoafe,  waft 
and  deanfe  the  Stems  and  Leaves  of 
your  Orange- trees,  taking  out  the 
upper  Pare  of  the  Earth  in  the  Pots, 
filling  them  up  again  with  good  frelh 
Earthy  laying  thereon  a  little  rotten 
Neats-dung  round  the  Outer- fide  *of 
the  Pots ;  but  da  not  let  it  lie  near 
the  Stem  of  the  Trees ;  then  place 
them  at  wider  Diftances  in  theHoufe, 
that  the  Air  may  circulate  round 
their  Heads ;  giving  them  Air  dif- 
cretionally,  as  the  Weather  grows 
warm ;  but  do  not  remove  them  into 
the  open  Air  until  the  Middl«  of 
May^  chat  the  Weather  is  fettled ; 
for  many  times,  when  they  are  re- 
moved out  too  foon,  the  Mornings 
often  proving  cold,  give  them  at 
lead  a  great  Check,  and  many  times 
kill  the  extreme  weak  Part  of  the 
Shoots.  Let  the  Situation,  for  your  . 
Orange-trees,  during  the  Summer- 
feafon,  be  as  much  defended  from 
the  Sun,  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day,  and 
ftrong  Winds,  as  poifible,  by  tall 
Trees  and  Hedges ;  both  of  which, 
if  they  are  expofed  thereto,  are  very 
hurtful  to  them. 

As  thcfe  Trees  advance,  it  will  be 
neceffary,  in  the  Summer,  to  ftop 
flrong  Shoots,  when  they  grow  irre- 
gular, to  force  out  lateral  Branches 
to  fiii  the  Head  ;  bat  do  not  pinch 
off  the  Tops  of  all  the  Shoots  (as 
is  the  PraAice  of  feme),  which  will 
fill  the  Tree  with  fmall  Shoots,  too 
weak  to  fupport  Fruit ;  but  endea- 
vour to  form  a  regular  Head,  and 
obtain  flrong  Shoots ;  taking  away 
weak  trifling  Branches  where  they 
are  too  clofe. 

During  the  Summer-rcafon,  your 
Orange  trees  will  require  frequent 
and  plentiful  Waterings  in  dry  Wea- 
ther, efpecially  if  they  are  large : 
therefore  you  fliould  endeavour  to 
have  the  Water  as  near  the  Trees  as 
poiUble*  to  fave  the  Trouble  of  car- 


A  u 

ryiAg  it ;  which«  id  m  Jbige  ^a»> 
dty  of  Trees,  takes  up  much  Tine 
Yoar  Water  fhonld  be  foft,  and  ex- 
pofed to  the  Air;  bat  never  add 
Dang  of  any  Sort  thereto  ;  which, 
although  by  many  frcqoeotfy  recom- 
mended, yet  has  always  been  foond 
deftradive  to  theft:,  and  all  other 
Trees,  if  much  ufed ;  it  being  like 
hot  Liquors  to  human  Bodies,  which, 
at  firfl  taking,  feem  to  add  Vigour, 
yet  certainly  leave  the  Body  woker, 
after  fome  time,  than  before. 

Your  Orange-trees  will  require  to 
be  (hifted,  and  new-potted,  every 
other  Year;  therefore  you  muft  pre- 
pare a  Quantity  of  good  Earth,  at 
leaft  a  Year  before  you  intend  to  ufe 
it,  that  it  may  be  well  mixM,  and 
perfectly  rotten.  T^e  htft  Seafoa 
for  this  Work  is  about  the  End  of 
Jffril^  that  they  may  have  taken  freih 
Root  before  they  are  removed  out  of 
the  Green-houfe :  when  this  Work 
is  performed,  it  will  be  neceflkry  to 
let  tliem  remain  Ui  the  Houfe  a  Fort- 
night longer  thaa  ufual,  to  be  well 
fettled. 

In  the  performing  of  this  Work, 
after  you  have  drawn  the  Trees  oot 
of  the  Pots,  you  muft  cut  oflF  all  the 
Roots  round  the  Outfide  of  the  Ball 
of  Earth,  and  take  away  all  roouldj 
Roots  (if  any  fuch  be) ;  then,  wick 
a  (harp  iron  Inftrument,  get  as  mock 
of  the  old  Earth  from  between  the 
Roots  as  polTible,  being  careful  not 
to  break  or  tear  the  Roots ;  then  iet 
the  Root  of  the  Tree  into  a  large 
Tub  of  Water  for  about  a  Quarter 
of  an  Hour,  to  foak  the  Under- part 
of  the  Ball  of  Earth ;  then  fcrub  the 
Stems  of  theTrees  with  an  hafd  Hair- 
bru(h,  cleaning  them,  and  the  Heads, 
with  Water,  and  a  foft  Woolen -cloth. 
Your  Pots  being  prepared,  with  foHie 
Potiheards  and  large  Stones  m  the 
Bottom,  put  fome  of  your  frefh  Earth 
into  the  Pot,    about  two  Inches 

thick; 


AU  A  U 

fUdr;  and  having  placed  yoorTree  Place) :  let  thefe  be  IbmevXiut  left 
tboton,  10  the  Middle  of  the  Pot,  than  the  Tubs  yon  deiign  to  plane 
apright,  fill  it  up  with  the  Tame  rich  your  Trees  into ;  then  plant  ybnr 
Eartli,  preffing  it  down  hard  with  Trees  herein,  planging  them  inl» 
your  Hands  ;  then  water  the  Tree  the  Hot- bed ;  and  about  the  Begin-* 
all  over  the  Hcad»with  a  Watering-  ning  oijuly^  when  your  Trees  ^ve 
pot  that  has  a  Rofe  npon  the  Spout,  made  good  Shoots,  yon  may  remove 
10  let  the  Water  fall  light  and  thick  them  into  the  Tubs,  with  their  Bafk« 
(as  in  a  Shower  of  Rain) ;  and  in  ets  about  them,  filling  the  emptf 
watering  thefe  Trees,  do  it  in  the  Space  with  the  fame  good  Earth : 
£une  manner,  during  the  time  they  this  will  prefenre  your  Tubs  froaa' 
abide  in  the  Houfe  after  ihifting :  rotting  in  the  Bark,  and  the  Trees 
this  will  greatly  reireih  their  Heads,  will  do  equally  well  as  if  planted  hn 
and  promote  their  taking  frcfh  to  the  Tubs  at  firft ;  provided  yok 
Roots.  are  careful,  in  removing  the  fia&eti^ 

When  you  firft  fet  thefe  Trees  not  to  difturb  their  Roots ;  and  alfo, 
abroad  after  ihifting,  you  ihould  let  them  remain  in  the  Green-houfo 
place  them  near  the  Shelter  of  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks  after 
Hedges,  and  faften  their  Stems  to  planting,  before  you  fet  them  abroad. 
Iboog  Stakes,  to  prevent  their  be-  Thele  Trees  being  new-potted  or 
isgd^bed  by  Winds^  which,fome-  tubb'd  evtrf  other  Year,  thofe  Yean 
times,  will  blow  freih-planted  Trees  in  which  they  are  not  fhifted,  yoa 
ODt  of  the  Pot?,  if  too  much  exposed  moft  in  April  obferve  to  take  out  at 
tbereto,  and  thereby  greatly  injure  much  of  the  old  Earth  from  the 
Aeir  new  Roots.  Tops  of  the  Pots  and  Tubs,  and  alfe 

If  old  Orange-trees  have  been  ill    round  the  Sides  of  them,  as  pofiible^ 
nanaged,  and  their  Heads  become    without  injuring  the  Roots  of  the 
lagged  and  decayed,  the  beft  Me-    Trees,  and  fiUthem  up  with  frefli 
tkod  to  reftore  them  is,  to  cut  off  the    £arth ;  you  muil  alfo  wafh  and  clean 
greatcft  Part  of  their  Heads  early  in    their  Stems  and  Leaves  from  Filtb, 
tUrch^  and  draw  them  out  of  the    which  will  greatly  ftrengthen  their 
Tubs  or  Pots,  and  (hake  off  the  Earth    Flowering,  and  caufe  them  to  (hoot 
from  thdr  Roots,  cutting  away  all    vigoroufly  the  following  Summer, 
finall  Fibres,    and  mouldy  Roots ;  •      In  the  Management  of  Orange* 
and  then  foak  and  clean  their  Roots,    trees  which  are  in  good  Health,  the 
Stems,  and  Branches,  planting  them    chief  Care  fhould  be  to  fupply  them 
into  good  Earth,  and  fetdag  them    withWaterduIy,andnot(as  isfome- 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,    times  pradifed)  ilarve  them  in  Win- 
as  was  directed  for  fuch  Trees  as    ter,  whereby  their  Fibres  are  dried, 
came  from  Abroad,  managing  them    and  become  mouldy,  to  the  great 
in  the  fame  manner :  by  this  Method    Prejudice  of  the  Trees ;  nor  to  give 
tbeywiD  produce  new  Heads,  and,    them  Water  in  too  great  Abundance ; 
n  two  Years  time,  become  good    but  rather  let  their  Waterings  be  fre- 
Trees  again.     But  if  thefe  are  large    quent,  and  given  in  moderate  Quan- 
Trees,  and  have  grown  in  Tubs  for    tities.     Yon  muft  alfo  obferve,  that 
fcreral  Years,  your  befl  Way  will  be,    the  Water  has  free  PaiTage  to  drain 
to  prepare  a  Parcel  of  rough  Baik-    off;  for  if  it  be  detained  in  the  Tuba 
ets  (fuch  as  are  ufed  for  bafketing    or  Pots,  it  will  rot  the  tender  Fibres 
Ever- greens^  when  feat  to  a  di|lant    of  the  Trees,    During  the  Winter- 
6  feafon 


A  U 

feafon.thcy  muft  have  a  large  Share 
of  Air,  when  the  Weather  is  favour- 
able ;  for  nothing  is  more  injurious 
to  thefe  Trees  than  flifling  of  them  ; 
aor  ihould  they  be  placed  too  near 
each  other  in  the  Green- houfe  ;  but 
fet  them  at  fuch  Diilance,  that  their 
Branches  may  be  clear  of  each  other, 
and  that  the  Air  may  circulate  freely 
round  their  Heads.  In  Summer  they 
&oald  be  placed  where  the  Winds 
are  not  violent,  and  fb  as  to  have 
the  morning  and  evening  Sun ;  for 
if  they  are  too  much  expo  fed  in  th^ 
mid-day  Sun>  they  will  not  thrive. 
The  beft  Situation  for  them  is  near 
ibme  large  Plantation  of  Trees, 
which  will  brpak  the  Force  of  the 
"Winds,  and  fcreen  them  from  the 
vk^ent  Heat  of  the  Sun.  In  fuch  a 
Situation  ti\ey  may  remain  until  the 
Beginning  of  Odohr,  or  later,  ac- 
cording as  the  Seafon  proves  favour- 
able ;  for  if  they  are  carried  into  the 
Green-houfe  early,  and  the  Autumn 
ihould  prove  warm,  it  will  occafton 
the  Trees  to  make  frefh  Shoots, 
which  will  be  weak  and  tender,  and 
fo  liable  to  periih  in  Winter  ;  and 
fometimes  it  will  occaiion  their  Flow- 
ering in  Winter, which  greatly  weak- 
ens the  Trees  :  nor  ihould  they  re- 
main fo  long  abroad  as  to  be  injured 
by  morning  Frofts. 

The  beft  Compoft  for  Orange- 
trees  js  two- thirds  of  frcfli  Earth  froni 
a  good  Failure,  which  (hould  not 
be  too  light,  nor  over-flifF,  biit  ra- 
ther an  Hazel-loam  :  this  fhould  be 
taken  about  ten  Inches^  deep  with 
the  Sward,  which  fhould  be  mixed 
with.the  Earth  to  rot,'  and  one- third 
Part  of  Neats-dung:  thefe  fhould 
be  mixed  together,  at  leaft  twelve 
Months  before  it  is  ufed,  obferving 
to  turn  it  over  every  Month,  to  mix 
it  well,  and  to  rot  the  Sward;  this 
will  alfo  break  the  Clods,  and  caufe 
the  Mould  to  be  finer.    JBefore  you 


A  u 

make  ufe  of  *this  Earth,  yon  fhould 
pafs  it  thro*  a  rough  Screen,  to  fepa- 
rate  the  gr^t  Stones  and  the  Roots 
of  the  Sward  therefrom  ;  but  by  no 
means  fift  the  Earth  too  fine ;  for 
this  is  very  prejudicial  to  moft  Plants, 
but  particularly  to  Orange-trees. 

Of  late  Years  there  have  been 
many  of  thefe  Trees  planted  againft 
Walls,  and  Frames  of  Glafs  made 
to  fix  over  them  in  Winter;  and 
fome  few  curiousPerfons  have  planted 
thefe  Trees  in  the  full  Ground,  and 
have  ereded  moveable  Covers  over 
thefe  Trees  in  Winter,  which  an 
fb  contrived  as  to  be  all  taken  away 
in  Summer :  where  thefe  have  been 
well  executed,  the^rees  have  made 
great  Progrefs  in  their  Growth,  and 
produced  a  much  larger  Quantity  of 
Fruit,  which  have  ripened  fo  well,  as 
to  be  extremely  good  for  eating.  If 
thefe  are  planted  either  againft  Walls 
with  Defign  of  training  the  Branches 
to  the  Walls,  or  in  Borders'  at  a  fmaU 
Diilance,  fo  as  to  train  them  up  as 
Standards,  there  fhould  be  a  Contri- 
vance of  a  Fire-place  or  two,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  Length  of  the  Wall, 
and  Flues  carried  the  whole  Length 
of  the  Wall,  to  warn  the  Air  in  very 
cold  Weather,  otherwife  it  will  be 
very  difficult  to  preferve  the  Trees 
in  very  hard  Winters  alive ;  or,  if 
they  do  live  thro'  the  Winter,  they 
will  be  fo  much  weakened  by  the 
Cold,  as  not  to  be  recovered  the  fol' 
lowing  Summer  to  a  proper  Strength 
for  bearing;  fo  that  where-ever  thefe 
Trees  are  intended  to  be  placed 
againfl  or  near  old  Walls,  the  Flues 
fhould  be  built  up  againil  the  Front, 
allowing  four  Inches  Thicknefs  of 
the  Brick- work,  on  each  Side  the 
Flues,  obferving  to  fallen  this  with 
Irons,  at  proper  Di fiances,  to  fecurc 
it  from  feparating  from  the  old'Wal). 
The  manner  of  making  thefe  Flues 
is  fully  exjplained  under  the  Article 

of 


A  U  A  U 

of  Hot-walls.    'Where  this  Coritri-  and  rcfrefli'd  with  fomc  veiy  rottea 

-vuceis  made,  there  will  be  no  Ha-  Dung  every  Autumn. 
acardoflofingthcTrees,bethcWin-        AURICULA  URSIj  Bear's-car, 

ter  ever  fo  fevere,  with  a  little  pro-  or  Auricula. 
per  Ca^e ;  whereas,  if  this  is  want-  The  CbaraSers  are ; 

ing,  there  will  require  great  Care        It  hath  a  perennial  Root :    tbt 

»id  Trouble  to  cover  and  uncover  Lia<ves  an  fmoother  and  thicker  than 

tbeGlafles  every  Day,  when  there  tbofe  of  the  Primrofe:  the  Cup  of  the 

is  any  Sun ;  and  if  the  Wall  is  not  Fiower  is  fhorter^  fo  that  the  Tube 

thicker  than  they  are  ufually  built,  appears  naked :  tJje  Flower  is  fiapei 

the  Froft  will  penetrate  through  the  like  a  Funnel :  the  Upper-part  is  ex- 

Walls  in  fcvcre  Winters  ;  fo  that  co-  panded  and  di*vided  into  fix  Seg' 

vering  and  fecnring  the  Glaffcs  of  ments :  this  is  fucceeded  by  a  globular 

the  front  will  not  be  fufitcient  to  Seed-veffel^    containing  many  fmall 

prcfcrve  the  Trees,  be  it  done  with  Seeds, 

ever  fo  much  Care :  therefor^  the  To  enumerate  the  Diverfities  of 
firft  £xpence  of  the  Walls  will  fave  this  Plant,  would  be  almoft  cndlefs 
great  Trouble  and  Charge,  and  be  and  impoflible  5  for  every  Year  pro- 
die  fecureft  Method.  duces  vad  Quantities  of  new  FIow^ 

If  the  Ground  is  wet,  or  of  a  ers,  differing  in  Shape,  Size,  or  Co- 
ftrong  Clay,  fo  as  to  detain  the  lour  of  the  Flowers ;  and  alfo  in  the 
ISoiltore,  the  Borders  (hould  be  rais'd  Leaves  of  thefe  Plants  there  is  as 
above  the  Level  of  the  Ground,  in  great  a  Variety,  fo  that  the  fkilful 
proportion  to  the  Situation  of  the  Florid  is  oftentimes  capable  of  di^in* 
Place;  for  where  the  Wet  lies  in  guilhiog  the  particular  Sorts  there- 
Winter  near  the  Surface,   it  will  by. 

grtatly  prejudice,  if  not  totally  de-  But  as  it  feldom  happens,  that  fuck 
firoy,  the  Trees ;  fo.  that  Lime-rub-  of  thefe  Flowers  as  are  at  one  time 
biih  (hould  be  laid  at  lead  two  Feet  in  great  Efleem,  continue  to  be  le- 
thick,  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Border,  garded  a  few  Years  after  (there  being 
to  dr^n  off  the  Wet ;  and  the  Earth  Sill  finer  or  larger  Flowers  produced 
ihoald  be  laid  two  and  an  half  or  from  Seeds,  which  are  what  the  Flo- 
three  Feet  thick  thereon  for  the  "rills  chiefly  feek),  it  would  be  need- 
Roots  of  the  Trees ;  in  thefe  Bor-  lefs  to  mention  any  of  them  :  where- 
ders  there  may  be  a  few  Roots  of  the  fore  I  fhall  proceed  to  give  the  Cha- 
Quemfey^Xid  Belladonna  Lilies  plant-  racers  of  a  good  Auricula. 
«J,  or  any  other  Exotic  bulbous-  i .  I'he  Stem  of  the  Flower  fhould 
rooted  Flowers,  which  do  not  grow  be  lofty  and  ftrongl 
high,  or  draw  too  much  Nourilh-  2.  The  Footftalk  of  the  Flower 
ment  from  the  Borders  ;  and  thefe,  fhould  be  Jhort^  that  the  Umbel  may 
prodactpg  their  Flowers  in  Autumn  be  regular  and  clofe. 
or  Winter,  will  make  a  good  Ap-  3.  The  Pipe  or  Neck  of  each  Flower 
pearance,  and  will  thrive  much  bet-  Jbould  befhort^  and  the  Flowers  large^ 
ter  than  if  kept  in  Pots.  and  regularly  fpread,  being  no-ways 

The  Management  of  the  Orange*  inclinable  to  cup. 
trees,  in  thefe  Places,  is  nearly  the         4  That  the  Colours  are  fvery  bright^ 

fame  as  hath  been  dire^ed  for  thofe  and  well  mixed, 
in  Pots  or  Tubs,  excepting  that  the         5.  That  the  Eye  of  the  Flower  be 

ferdcn  in  theie  Places  fiiould  be  dug,  large,  round,  and  of  a  good  White, 


or 


A  U 

W  TiUoFW ;  and  that  tht  Tuk  or  Neck 

k  not  too  tAiide. 

All  the  Flowers  of  this  Kind,  that 
want  any  of  the  above-mentioned 
Propertie5,are  now  rejeded  by  every 
good  Plorift;  for  as  the  Varieties 
every  Year  increafe  from  Seeds,  fo 
the  bad  ones  are  tumM  out  to  make 
loom  for  their  Betters ;  but  ih  fome 
People  the  Paffion  for  new  Flowers 
fo  much  prevails,  that,  fuppoiing  the 
eld  Flower  greatly  preferable  to  a 
new  one,  if  it  is  of  their  own  raifing, 
the  latter  mufl  take  place  of  the  old 
one. 

In  order  to  obtain  good  Flowers 
frem  Seeds,  you  mnft  make  choice 
V  of  the  beft  Flowers  you  have ;  which 
ihould  be  expofed  to  the  open  Air, 
that  they  may  have  the  Benefit  of 
Showers,  without  which  they  feldom 
produce  good  Seeds :  the  time  of 
their  Ripening  is  in  Jttne^  which  you 
will  eadly  know,  by  their  Seed- 
▼efTel  turning  to  a  brown  Colour, 
and  opening :  you  muft  therefore  be 
careful  left  the  Seeds  be  fcatter'd  out 
of  the  VeiTel ;  for  it  will  not  be  all 
fit  to  gather  at  the  fame  time. 

The  time  for  fowins  this  Seed  is 
commonly  in  Auguft ;  out  if  it  be 
ibwn  before  Chrlftmas,  it  will  be 
time  enough. 

The  beftSoil  for  this  Seed  is  good 
firefii  light  fandy  Mould,  mix'd  with 
very  rotten  Ncacs-dung,  or  Tan- 
ners Bark :  with  this  you  fliould  fill 
your  Pots,  Boxes,or  Baikets,  in  which 
you  intend  to  fow  your  Seeds ;  and, 
iiaving  leveird  the  Surface  of  the 
Earth  very  fmooth,  fow  your  Seeds 
thereon,  covering  it  vtry  lightly 
with  rotten  Willow-mould  taken  out 
of  the  Stems  of  decayed  hollow  Wil- 
low-trees ;  then  cover  the  Box,  i^c. 
with  a  Net  or  Wire,  to  prevent  the 
Cats,  Fowls,  (s^c,  from  fcratching 
oat,  or  burying  your  Seeds  too  deep ; 
for  whenever  this  happens,  the  Seeds 


A  U 

will  remain  a  Year  in  the  Gronnl 
before  the  Plants  appear,if  they  ihould 
grow  at  laft  i  fo  that  nsany  Perfoos 
never  cover  thefe  Seeds*  but  leaTs 
them  upon  the  Surface  of  the  Earth, 
in  the  Boxes,  for  the  Rain  to  wa& 
them  into  the  Grotti\d,  whichis  oftai 
the  beft  Method:  let  thefe  Boxes, 
&c.  be  placed  fo  as  to  receive  half 
the  Day*s  Sun,  during  the  Winter* 
feafon;  but  in  the  Beginning  of 
March,  remove  them  where  they 
may  have  only  the  morning  Sun  till 
Ten  of  the  Clock ;  for  your  yoang 
Plants  will  now  foon  begin  to  appear, 
which,  if  expofed  to  one  whole  Day*a 
Sun  only,  will  be  all  deftroyed. 

During  the  Summer- feafon,  ia 
dry  Weacher,  often  refrefh  them 
with  Water ;  but  never  give  them 
too  great  Quantities  at  once.  In 
the  Jufy  following,  your  Plants  wiH 
be  large  enough  to  tranfplant,  at 
which  time  you  muft  prepare  a  Bed, 
or  Boxes,  filled  with  the  above- 
mentioned  Soil,  in  which  you  may 
plant  them  about  three  Inches  fquaie, 
and,  if  in  Beds,  you  muft  ftiade  them 
every  Day,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
rooted,  as  alfo  in  very  hot  dry  Wea- 
ther ;  but  if  they  arc  in  Baikets,  or 
Boxes,  they  may  be  removed  to  a 
ihady  Place. 

When  the  feedling  Auricula^  are 
planted  in  Beds,  fome  rotten  Neats- 
dung  ihould  be  laid  about  ten  Inches 
under  the  Surface,  and  beaten  down 
clofe  and  fmooth :  this  will  prevent 
the  Worms  from  drawing  the  young 
Plants  out  of  the  Earth,  which  they 
generally  do  where  this  is  not  prac- 
tifed :  this  Dung  ihould  be  laid  about 
a  Foot  thick,  which  will  intirely 
prevent  the  Worms  getting  thro'  it 
until  the  Plants  are  well  elbbliihed 
in  the  Beds ;  and  the  Roots  of  the 
Auricula's  will  ftrike  down  into  the 
Dung  by  the  Spring,  which  will 
make  their  Flowers  ftronger  thaa 

ofual: 


A  U 

^luJ:  thcfe  Beds  (honkl  be  expofed 
lo  the  Eafi,  and  fcrecned  from  the 
Sooth  San. 

When  yoo  have  taken  all  your 
Plants,  which  are  now  come  up, 
oot  of  your  Boxes  or  Pots,  level 
the  Eardi  gently  agaio ;  for  it  often 
kappen!,  that  fome  of  the  Seeds  will 
Ee  in  the  Ground  two  Years  before 
they  appear,  efpecially  if  they  were 
coveted  too  deep  when  fown^  as  was 
before  obferved. 

The  Spring  following  many  of 
thefe  Flowers  will  ihew ;   when  y9a 
may  feleft  fack  of  them  as  have 
good  Properties,   which  ihould  be 
removed  each  of  them  into  a  Pot  of 
the  fame  prepared  Earth,  and  pre- 
fared  until  the    next  Seafon,    at 
which  time  you  will  be  capable  to 
form  a  Judgment  of  the  Goodnefs 
of  the  Flower ;  but  thofe  that  pro- 
doce  plain-colourM  or  fmall  Flowers, 
ihooki  be  taken  out,  and  planted  in 
Borders  ^n  the  Out-parts  of  the  Gar- 
den, to  make  a  Shew,   or  gather 
fbrNofegays,  &r.  the  others,  which 
do  not  produce  their  Flowers  the 
iame  Year,  may  be  uken  up,  and 
traofplanted  into  a  fre(h  Bed,  to  re- 
maia  till  you  fee  how  they  will 
prove. 

The  manner  of  propagating  thefe 
Flowers  when  obtained,  is  from  OiF- 
fcts»  or  Slips,  taken  from  the  old 
Roots  in  April,  when  the  Flowers 
arc  in  Bloom :  thefe  Off-fets  muft 
be  planted  into  fmall  Pots  filled  with 
the  iame  Sort  of  Earth,  as  was  be- 
fore direded  for  the  Seedlings;  and, 
doriog  the  Sammer-feafon,  ihould 
be  fet  m  a  fhady  Place,  and  mull 
be  often  refreihed  with  Water ;  but 
in  the  Winter  ihould  be  fheltered 
from  violent  Rains :  the  Spring  fol- 
lowing, thefe  young  Plants  will  pro- 
dsce 'Flowers,  tho'  but  weak :  foon 
after  they  are  pafb  flowering,  you 
moll  put  them  into  larger  Pots,  and 


A  U 

de  fecond  Year  they  will  blow  i* 
Perfection. 

But,  in  order  to  obtain  a  fine 
Bloom  of  thefe  Flowers,  you  mull 
obferve  the  following  Dire^ons. 

/Vr/?,  Preferve  your  Plants  front  ^ 
too  much  Wet  in  Winter,  which 
cften  rots  and  fpoils  them ;  but  let 
them  have  as  much  free  open  Air 
as  poffible ;  nor  ihould  they  be  to* 
much  expofed  to  the  Sun,  which  is 
apt  to  lorward  their  budding  for 
Flower  too  foon ;  and  the  frofljr 
Mornings,  which  often  happen  ia 
Mareby  do  thereby  deflroy  their 
Buds,  if  they  are  not  prote&ed  there- 
from. 

Secondly,  In  the  Beginning  of  A* 
hruary,  if  the  Weather^  ia  mild, 
you  muft  take  off  the  Upper-part  of 
the  Earth  in  the  Auricula's  Pots,  as 
low  as  you  can  without  diHurbing 
the  Roots,  and  fill  up  the  Pots  wit^ 
freih  rich  Earth,  which  will  greatly 
ibengthen  them  for  Bloom;  as 
alfo  prepare  your  Off-fets  for  tranf* 
planting  in  jifrii,  by  caufing  theot 
to  pulh  out  new  Roots. 

Thofe  Plants  which  have  ftrong 
iingle  Heads,  always  produce  the 
largeft  Clallers  of  Flowers :  there-* 
fore  the  curious  FloriUs  pull  off  the 
Offfets  as  foon  as  it  can  be  done 
with  Safety  to  their  growing  in  Au- 
tumn, to  encourage  the  Mother- 
plants  to  flower  the  ifronger ;  they 
alfo  pinch  off  the  Flowers  in  Au-  ' 
tumn,  where  they  are  produced* 
and  fuffer  them  not  to  open,  that 
the  Plants  Ihould  not  be  weakened 
thereby. 

thirdly.  You  muft  cover  your 
Pots  with  Mats  in  frofty  Weather, 
during  this  time  of  their  Budding 
for  Flower,  left  the  Iharp  Mornings 
blight  them,  and  prevent  their 
blowing. 

Fourthly,  When  your  Flow^r- 
flems  begin  to  advance,   and  the 

Bloflbin^ 


A  Z 

Btoifom-buds  grow  turgid^  you  muft 
proced  them  from  hady  Rains,  which 
would  wa(h  olF  tneir  white  mealy 
Farina,  and  greatly  deface  the  Beauty 
of  their  Flowers  y  but,  at  the  fame 
time,  obferve  to  keep  them  as  much 
uncovered  as  pofTible,  otherwife  their 
Stems  will  be  drawn  up  too  weak  to 
Support  their  Flowers,  which  is  often 
the  Cafe  when  their  Pots  are  placed 
under  Walls,  and  give  them  gentle 
Waterings  to  ftrcngihe;i  them ;  but 
let  none  of  the  Water  fall  into  the 
Centre  of  the  Plant,  or  among  their 
Leaves. 

Fifthly^  When  your  Flowers  be- 
gin to  open,  you  fhould  remove  their 
Pots  upon  a  Stage,  built  with  Rows 
of  Shelves,  one  above  another,  and 
covered  on  the  Top,  to  preferve  them 
ftom  Wet :  this  Ihould  be  open  to 
the  morning  Sun,  but  fhelter'd  from 
the  Heat  of  the  Sun  in  the  Middle 
of  the  Day :  in  this  Poiition  they 
will  appear  to  much  greater  Advan^ 
tage,  than  when  the  Pots  (land  upon 
the  Ground  ;  for,  their  Flowers  be- 
ing low,  their  Beauty  is  hid  from 
us;  whereas,  when  they  are  advanced 
upon  Shelves,  we  fee  them  in  a  full 
View  :  in  this  Situation  they  may 
remain,  until  the  Beauty  of  their 
Flowers  is  paft;  when  they  muft  be 
let  abroad  to  receive  the  Rains,  and 
have  open  free  Air,  in  order  to  ob- 
tain Seeds,  which  will  fail,  if  they 
are  kept  too  long  under  Shelter. 
When  your  Seed  is  ripe,  obferve  to 
gather  it  when  it  is  perfeftly  dry, 
and  expofe  it  to  the  Sun  in  a  Win- 
dow upon  Papers,  to  prevent  its 
growing  mouldy,  and  let  it  remain 
in  the  Pods  till  the  Seafon  for  fow- 
ing  it. 

AURICULA  URSI  MYCONI. 
Vide  Verbafcum. 

AZEDAR AGH,  The  Bead-tree. 
The  CharaSfers  are ; 

h  bath  fehnafed  Lea'ves,  fomtrj^hat 


A  Z- 

like  thofe  of  the  AJh :  the  Flo^wert 
confift  of  fi<ve  Leaves^  *wbicb  expand 
in  form  of  a  Rofe  :  in  the  Centre  of 
the  Flower  is  a  long  fimbriated  Tahe, 
containing  the  Style:  the  Fruit  is 
roundijh  andflefhy^  containing  an  hard 
furrowed  Nut ;  *wbich  is  dinAded  inU 
fi'ue  Cellsy  each  containing  an  obUng 
hroadijh  Seed, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  AzEDARACH.  Dm/.   The  Bead' 
tree. 

2.  AzEDARACH  femper-tArens  IS 
florens,  Tourn.  The  Bead  tree,  which 
is  always  green  and  flowering. 

The  firll  Sort  is  propagated  only 
by  Seeds,  which  may  be  obtained 
from  Italy  t  Portugal,  or  Spain,  where 
thefe  Trees  annually  produce  ripe 
Fruits  in  the  Gardens  where  they 
are  planted :  for  it  is  not  an  Inha- 
bitant of  either  of  thofe  Countries, 
but  is  brought  from   the   Levant. 
The  Seeds  or  Berries  ihould  be  fowa 
in  Pots  filled  with  good  frefli  fight 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed 
of  Tanners  Bark ;  where,  if  the  Seeds 
are  frefh,  they  will  come  up  in  about 
two  Months  time.  When  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  you  (hould  water  them 
frequently,  and  begin  to  let  them 
have  a  large  Quantity  of  free  Air, 
by  railing  the  Glafles  every  Day ; 
and,  inyuly,  you  (hould  expofe  them 
to  the  open  Air ;  in  a  well-fheltered 
Situation,  that  they   may   be  har- 
dened before  Winter.      In  OSoher 
you  fhould  remove  the  Pots  into  the 
Confervatory,  where  they  fhould  be 
placed  near  the  Windows,  that  they 
may  enjoy  free  open  Air,  when  the 
Weather    is  fair;    for   they  don*t 
care  to  be  over- topped  with  other 
Plants.     During  the  Wintcr-fcafon 
you  muft  refrefh  them  gently  with 
Water;  but  by  no  means  repeat  this 
too  often,  nor  give  them  too  much 
each  time;  for  their  Leaves  being 
fallen,  they  will  not  be  in  a  Condition 

to 


A  Z 

tD  tkio w  off  a  Supoflaitjr  of  Moift- 

Bit. 

In  March  following  you  mav 
Aake  out  your  Plants  from  the  Seea-« 
Mb,  and  divide  them,  planting  each 
ffito  a  fcparate  fmall  Pot  filled  with 
htS^  light  Earth ;  then  plong  them 
into  a  moderate  Hot-bed,  which  will 
greatlj  promote  their  Rooting,  and 
incrcafe  their  Growth  ;  but  you 
flioald  not  draw  them  too  much, 
but  give  them  a  large  Share  of  Air, 
when  die  Weather  is  good  ;  and  in 
Jwme  you  ihould  remove  them  out 
into  the  open  Air  as  before;  and, 
doring  the  three  or  four  Winters^ 
while  the  Plants  are  young,  you  muft 
houfe  them,  to  fecure  them '  from 
the  Cold ;  bat,  when  the  Plants  are 
grown  pretty  large  and  woody,  fome 
of  them  may  be  planted  in  the  full 
Ground,  in  a  warm  Situation,  where 
they  will  endure  the  Cold  of  our 
ordinary  Winters  very  well;  but 
fome  (hoold  be  kept  in  Pots,  for 
fear  a  fevere  Winter  fliould  defboy 
die  others :  the  beft  Seafon  for  thu 
is  in  Afrii,  at  which  time  you  fliould 
ft^e  them  out  of  the  Pots,  being 
careful  not  to  break  the  Earth  from 
tke  Roots,  but  only  pare  off  witk 
t  Knife  the  Outfide  of  the  Ball  of 
Earth;  then  open  your  Hole^  and 
pot  in  the  Hant,  clofing  the  Earth 
to  its  Roots,  obferving,  if  theWea- 
-ther  is  diy,  to  give  it  iomt  Water, 
which  fiusold  be  repeated  twice  a 
Week,  until  t^  Plants  have  taken 
Root;  but  you  muft  obfcrve  to 
piast  them  on  a  dry  Soil,  and  in  a 
warm  Situation,  otherwife  they  will 
be  liable  to  mifcarry  in  fevere  frofly 
Weather. 

I  have  been  inEmrmed,  that  there 
was  formerly  a  large  Tree  of  this 
Kind  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Fifliop 
of  Im^m  at  FMam^  which  produced 
Flowen  feveral  Years;  but  this, 
IRridi  many  other  valuable  TiTMi 

Voi.  J. 


which  were  grown  to  «  confidetablo 
Height  in  the  fiune  Gardens,  hatb 
been  long  fikcc  dtmoliflied. 

There  are  at  prefent  no  largo 
Trees  of  this  Kind  in  fn^ AtW,  all 
thofe  which  wete  planted  in  tho 
open  Air  having  been  deftroyed  by 
the  fevere  Winter  in  1740.  yet 
there  are  fome,  which  were  houfed^ 
that  have  flowered  fince ;  but  I  havo 
never  feen  any  ripe  Seeds  upon  tho 
Trees,  tho'  the  Fruit  has  fometimci 
been  formed,  and  grown  pretty 
large ;  bat  the  Cold  of  the  Antuma 
has  caufifid  them  to  drop  before  they 
came  to  Maturity. 

The  outfide  PulpofthisFruit  is  ia 
feme  Countries  eat,  but  I  don*t  find  it 
is  much  commended;  but  the  Nut  ia 
by  the  Monks^  and  other  religious  Per* 
foas  in  Roman  >  catholic  Countries, 
bored  thro*  with  an  Awl,  and  flrung 
as  Beads,  with  which  they  fay  their 
Pater-noftgr^  which  has  occafioned 
its  being  called  the  Bead  tree. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  at  prefent  very 
rare  in  England^  being  in  vtrf  few 
Gardens:  this  is  much  tenderer  than 
the  common  Sort,  it  beine  a  Native 
of  Of /oh  :  it  is  propagated  by  Seeds, 
wiiich  muft  be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed 
in  the  S|Hring ;  and,  when  the  Plant! 
are  come  up  two  or  three  Inches 
high,  they muft  be  traafpl^nted  each 
into  a  fmall  Hatfpeny  Pot  filled  with 
frefli  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
an  Hot  bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  ob« 
ferving  to  wator  and  fliade  them, 
until  they  have  uken  Root ;  after 
which  they  muft  have  Air  and  Water 
in  proportion  to  the  Warmth  of  the 
Seasoui  or  the  Bed  in  which  they 
ftand.  In  this  Bed  they  may  remain 
nntil  JlliVi&tf#/9M/,  when  tbePots  muft 
be  removed  inio  the  Stove,  where 
they  muft  have  a  moderate  Shara  of 
Heat^  a|id  be  often  refrefhed  witb 
Water.  The  Spring  following  they 
muft  be  remoYcd  into  larger  Pots  1 
M  .  *      iod. 


B  A 

tnd,  if  they  are  plunged  into  a  mo- 
derate Hot  bedy  to  iadlicate  their 
taking  Root,  it  will  greatly  promote 
their  Growth  ;  but  they  fliould  not 
rtmam  too  lon^  in  thb  Bed,  nor 
be  too  much  mvm,  which  will 
weaken  them.  As  the  Summer  ad* 
vancei»  they  fliould  be  inured  by 
degrees  to  bear  the  open  Air,  into 
which  they  fliould  be  removed  in 
ymHf  obferving  to  place  them  where 
they  may  be  fcieened  from  flrong 
WindSy  and  not  too  much  expofed 
to  the  mid-day  Sun.  In  tkis  Situa- 
tion they  may  remain  till  the  Mid- 
dle of  Septemheff  if  the  Weather  is 
warm ;  otherwife  they  mufl  be  taken 
in  fooner,  when  they  muft  be  re- 
moved into  the  Stove,  and  managed 
during  the  Winter^feafon,  as  was 
directed  for  the  foregoing  Winter ; 
and,  as  the  Plants  grow  large,  they 
will  be  rogre  hardy,  when  a  fmall 
Share  of  Heat  will  preferve  them 
ki  Winter ;  and,  in  Summer,  they 
may  be  expofed  in  a  well-fliekered 
Situation.  With  this  Management 
they  will  fometimes  produce  Flowers 
extremely  well  in  this  Country. 

AZEROLE,  or  L\^ZAROLE. 
Vide  MefpilttS. 


B  A 

BACCHARIS.  Plowman's 
Spikenard,  njulga. 
The  CharaSleri  are ; 
Thi  Empalement  of  the  Fitnver  is 
cylindrical  and  /caljy  the  ScaUi  lying 
9^er  iach  other  like  the  Tiles  upon  an 
houft :  the  Flfiwer  is  of  the  compound 
Kind,  ha'ving  federal  Florets  included 
in  one  common  Co*v(r  :  the  Seeds  ba*Uc 
a  JimpU  Down  Jit  ting  upon  tbgtti* 


B  A 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Baccharis  fMs  lanceciatit 
longitudinaliter  dentato-ferratis.  Lin, 
Hott.  Cliff.  Shrubby  Plowman*» 
Spikenard,  with  fpear-fhaped  Leaves, 
which  are  longitudinally  indented 
and  fawed.  This  has  been  com- 
monly  called  African  Groundfel- 
tree. 

2.  Baccraris  foUls  lanceolatis 
fupeme  una  altero^e  denticulo  fer» 
ratis.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff,  Shrubby 
Plowman's  Spikenard,  with  fpear- 
fliaped  Leaves,  whofe  Upper-fides 
are  fawed. 

^.  Bacchari  tfoliis  ohverfe  vvatis, 
fupeme  emarginatoferratis.  Lim.Hort, 
C/iff,  Shrubby  Plowman's  Spike* 
nard,  with  oval  Leaves,  whofe  up- 
per Borders  are  fawed  :  commonly 
called  the  Firginia  Groundfel-tree. 
The  Englift)  Name  of  Plowman^s 
Spikenard  has  been  always  applied 
to  the  Conyza  major,^  or  Greater 
Fleabane ;  but  £ince  mod  of  the 
modern  Botanifts  have  applied  the 
Title  of  Baccharis  to  this  Genus,  I 
have  added  the  old  Englijh  Name  to 
it,  of  Plowman^s  Spikenard,  rather 
than  leave  it  without  an  Englifo 
Title. 

The  iirflSort  was  brought  from 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  is  ufually 
kept  by  thofe  Perfons  who  are  ca- 
rious in  coUe£ling  Exotics,  tho'  there 
is  little  Beauty  in  the  Flower:  it 
grows  to  the  Height  of  five  or  fix 
Feet,  and  is  a  man^^eable  Shrub: 
it  may  be  propagated  by  Cuttings, 

,  being  planted  in  a  fliady  Border 
during  any  of  the  Summer-months, 
or  by  Seeds  fown  on  a  common 
Border  in  the  Spring  of  the  Year. 
Thefe  Seeds  generally  ripen  well 

.  in  this  Country ;  and^  if  permitted 
to  fcalter  on  the  Ground,  the  ?Unt% 
will  tome  up  the  following  Spring. 

,Th3s  Shrub  \s  pretty  hardy,  m 
will  live  abroad  in  mild  Winters,. 

if 


B  A 

if  phnted  in  a  wann  Sicaation ; 
bat  ic  is  ufually  kept  in  Shelter  ia 
Winter^  and  placed  abroad  in  Sum- 
mer: it  requires  much  Water  in 
warm  Weather. 

The  kcond  Sort  is  lefs  common 
than  the  firfl,  and  not  fo  hardy ; 
therefore  this  is  always  kept  in  Pots, 
and  hoafed  in  Winter :  this  may  be 
propag^ated  in  the  fame  manner  as 
tile  fiift  Sort. 

The  third  Sort,  is  pretty  cpmmon 
in  the  Nurferies  abont  London,  where 
it  u  ofaally  called  the  Groundfel- 
tn^:  this  is  a  Native  of  Virginia, 
and  other  Places  on  the  Continent 
of  America:  it  grows  to  be  a  Shrub 
of  about  feven  or  eight  Feet  high, 
and  flowers  in  OBober:  the  Flowers 
are  white,  and  not  very  beautiful ; 
but  the  Leaves  continuing  ereen 
duo'  the  Year,  has  occafioned  this 
Sbrab  to  be  aulmitted  into  many  cu- 
rioos  Gardens. 

This  Sort  may  be  propagated  by 
Cutdn^s^  which  fhouid  be  planted 
in  April  ox  May,  upon  a  fhady  Bor- 
der, and  doly  watered  in  dry  Wea- 
d^,  until  they  have  taken  Root ; 
and,  at  hKcbatlmas,  they  will  be 
fit  to  tr^ofplant  where  they  are  to 
RmaiQ :  this  will  live  in  the  open 
Air,  and  never  is  injured  by  the 
Cold  of  our  ordinary  Winters;  but 
ievere  FroCk  will  fometimes  deflroy 
them. 

BALAUSTIA.     Vidi  Punica. 

BALAUSTIUM  is  the  Cup  of 
the  Flower  of  the  wild  Pomgra- 
Date. 

BALLOT E,  Stinking  black 
Horehottnd. 

The  Chara3€r$  are; 

//  hatb  Leofves  liki  the  Dead' 
MtU :  thi  Fhwirs  are  froduced  in 
Bunches  at  the  Joints  of  the  Stalks, 
fi^  the  Pedicle  of  the  Lea*ves,  *which 
^«"  OHe  Jingle  lootfialk,  and  fiand 
9^n  fm$  Zidi  of  the  Stalk:   the 


B  A 

Cup  of  the  Tlmuer  is  tvhulous,  and 
bath  five  Angles,  dMded  into  fi*ue 
Segments  at  the  Top :  the  Galea  or 
Crefi  of  the  Flower  is  hollonv,  and 
the  Beard  is  cut  into  three  Parts,  the 
middle  Part  being  broad,  and  fhaped 
like  an  Heart :  each  Flo*wer  is  Juc* 
ceeded  by  four  naked  Seeds. 

We  hav6  two  Varieties  of  this  Plant 
growing  wild  in  England;'  which 
are, 

1.  Ballote.  Matth.  825.  Mar^ 
rubium  nigrum,  five  Ballote,  y.  B» 
The  (linking  black  Horehound. 

2.  Ballote  Jlore  albo.  Toursf, 
Stinking  black  Horehound,  with 
white  Flowers. 

The  firll  of  thefe  Plants  is  com- 
mon upon  moft  dry  Banks  near  Lon- 
don, and  is  feldom  fuffered  to  have 
a  Place  in  Gardens :  but  this  being 
a  Plant  fometimes  ufed  in  Phytic, 
I  thought  pfoper  to  mention  it  in 
this  Place  :  it  may  be  eaiily  propa- 
gated by  either  Seeds  or  Roots ;  but 
is  very  apt  to  increafe  too  fkfl  in 
a  Garden.  This  is  the  common 
black  Horehound  of  the  Shops.  The 
fecond  Sort  is  a. Variety  of  the  firft, 
which  is  fometimes  found  with  the 
other  wild. 

BALM.    Vide  MeMz, 

BALSAMINA,  The  Female  Bal- 
famine,  or  Balfamine. 
The  Charaders  are ; 

It  hath  an  anomalous  Flotjuer,  nvhich 
confijis  of  an  unequal  Number  of 
Leagues,  having  fometimes  t*wo,  three, 
four,  fix,  or  more  Leaves,  tuith  a 
Calcar  or  Spur  to  the  Flotver :  thefe 
Flowers  are  fucceeded  by  turbinated 
Veffels,  refemhling  Pods,  ivhich,  fwhen 
ripe,  upon  the  frfi  Touch,  burjl,  and 
cajl  forth  feveral  roundifb  Seeds ^ 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  Balsam  IN  A  lutea,  five  Noli 
me  tangere.  C.  B.  The  yellow  Bal- 
famine, or  Touch-me-not. 


M  2 


2.  Bal« 


B  A 

fmrf.    The  Female  ftdfamine,  with 
purple  Flowers. 

3.  BALSAMIifA  feemnm^  fvre  cun* 
iiw.  H,L    Tlie  white  Female  Bal- 

fiunine. 

4.  BALMAUiiHk  /stmina^  Jlon  rm- 
,  hro.  H.  L.     The  red  Female  Bal- 

famine. 

5 .  B A  L8  A  M I N  A  /amina,  fiore  mm- 
jore   eandido*    T§um,      The    large 

white- flowered  Balfamine. 

6.  Balsamima  faemina^fiori  ma* 
J9re  fpeciofi,  Toum,    The  large  fpc- 

^  doQs- flowered  Female  Balfamine. 
7.BALSAMINA  /amtftaf  fore  far- 
tim  eanSiUf  fartim  purpurea.     The 
purple  and  whice-ftriped  Balfamine. 
8.  Balsamina  fttmina^fiore  ma- 
jtre^  iligantijjime  variegato.      The 
large-flowered  ftriped  Balfamine. 

'9.  BAhSAUiiiA/aemma,  Jion  ms' 

J^re    pleno^    elegantijjime    *varitgato. 

The  double  large  flowered  llriped 

BaKamine,    or    Immortal    Eagle  - 

fiower. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  per- 
fcrved  in  Gardens,  for  the  Diver- 
lion  it  afFordf,  when  the  Seed  veflels 
are  ripe,  by  deflring  ignorant  Perfons 
to  gather  them»  who  are  furprifed 
to  flndy  upon  the  (irft  Touch,  that 
the  Pods  fly  to  Pieces  in  their  Hands: 
this  Plant  is  very  hardy  in  rcfpcd  to 
Cold^  and^  altho*  it  is  annual,  yet, 
if  fulFered  to  call  its  Seecf s,  will  come 
lip  eyery  Spring  without  any  Care: 
it  delights  bell  in  moid  fhady  Places, 
where  if  it  is  not  rooted  out,  it  will 
multiply  fail  enough. 

The  other  Sorts  are  commonly 
l^fed  on  Hot -beds  in  the  Spring, 
kad  afcerwards  planted  into  Pots  or 
Borders,  to  adorn  Court- yards  and 
Parterres.  The  fecond,  third,  and 
fourth  Sorts  will  come  up  in  the  com- 
mon Ground,  without  ary  artificial 
Heat,  and  make  ftronger  Plants  than 
when  raifed  in  an  Hot-bed»  and 


fi  A 

ftand  longer  in  Flower;  but  tke 
four  lafl-mentioned  Sorts  are  much 
tenderer,  and  muft  be  raifed  on  an 
Hot-bed,  and  afterward  planted  in 
Pots,  and  fet  into  a  frelh  Het-bed 
to  bring  them  forward,  efpeciaU/ 
the  laft  Sort  whicn  othefwife  wlU 
not  flower  foon  enough  to  produce 
ripe  Seeds.  There  are  two  difFeittit 
Kinds  of  this  large  double- flowered 
Balfamine:  one  is  brought  from  tbe 
WeJl'InJieSf  by  the  Name  of  the 
Cockfpur :  this  is  very  apt  to  pro- 
duce large  flrong  Plants,  but  rare!/ 
begins  to  flower  till  the  End  of  the 
Summer,  and  then  very  often  hatli 
but  fmall  Quantities  of  Flowers,  and 
feldom  produces  ripe  Seeds  in  Eug* 
land. 

The  other  Sort  is  brought  from 
China,  by  the  Name  of  Immortal 
Eagle  flower :  this  Plant  produces 
large  beautiful  Flowers,  in  great 
Quantities ;  and  is  one  of  the  finefl 
annual  Plants  we  have,  continuing 
a  long  time  in  Flower,  efpecially  if 
flieltered  from  the  Violence  of  Wind 
and  Rain,  both  of  which  are  great 
Enemies  to  this  Plant :  this  Sort  alfb 
ripens  Seeds  very  well ;  but  is  apt 
to  degenerate  in  a  few  Years  with 
us  to  iingle  Flowers,  and  plain  Co- 
lours, if  great  Care  is  not  taken  in 
faving  the  Seeds  from  the  fineft- 
ftriped  Flowers. 

Thefe  Hants  muft  be  taken  great 
Care  of  while  young,  and  in  the 
Hot  bed,  particularly  to  give  them 
as  much  free  Air  as  poiTible,  to  pre- 
vent their  running  up  too  flender; 
nor  mull  they  have  much  Water, 
which  often  rots  them  at  Bottoin, 
near  the  Suf  face  of  the  Ground. 

When  you  put  thtfe  Plants  into 
Pots,  obfcrve  to  choofe  fuch  as  have 
clear  fpotted  Stems,  which  always 
produce  itriped  Flowers;  and  thofe 
with  greeniih  Stems,  white  Flower*; 
and  tbe  red  Stems,   red  Flowers : 

fo 


B  A 

fo  tkt  if  yott'haTC  PUnts  enoug]^ 
700  need  only  ttke  tlie  firiped  ones; 
and,  ia  order  to  preferve  them  from 
ticgeoeratbg,  yon  fhodd  take  off  all 
tn^e  or  pbuii-coloar*d  Flowers 
fiom  your  Plants,  and  not  faffer  them 
to  feed ;  by  which  means  you  will 
preiinrve  this  beautifal  Plant  many 
Yean  longer  than  you  otherwife 
could. 

The  Seeds  of  this  beautiful  Kind 
ftooki  not  be  fown  till  the  Middle 
or  Latter -end  of  March;  for,  if 
they  are  fown  too  foon,  and  the 
Weather  fhonld  pro?  e  cold  and  dark, 
as  that  a  good  Quantity  oF  Air  can- 
not be  admitted  every  Day  to  the 
Phatt,  they  will  draw  ap  too  weak 
for  their  Stems  to  fupport  their 
Heads,  when  they  are  in  Flower; 
aor  will  the  Plants  produce  near  fo 
many  Flowers^  as  when  they  have 
fcohg  Stems,  and  have  a  large  Share 
ef  Air.'  The  Plants  fown  the  End 
of  Mmrcb,  when  properly  managed, 
will  flower  by  the  Beginning  of  Jum^ 
and  will  be  early  enough  to  produce 
lipe  Seeds. 

BALSAMITA,  O/ms  H^rtorum, 
orCoffan^iry. 

The  Chara£iiri  tJt; 
It  Imtb  M  di/cmu  Flmwfr^  cvmpofid 
9f  fhrgts^  nuhicb  art  Hermapbroditt^ 
bmvi  maktd  Httkis^  tmi  are  piacid  on 
aJmttbfutnYbiecxktki  tbt  Empale- 
wunt§ftbe  Flowers  it  fcaly:  ftbefe 
Notes  may  he  added/Tbe  Flowers  grew- 
p^oMtbi  Top  of  the  Stalks,  and  the 
Leanes  being  int ire. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  BauAMiTA  major.  D^d,  The 
large  Coftmary. 

2.  Balsamita  filiis  agerati, 
F'ailL  B&m.  Aead.  R,  Scien*  Cofl- 
inary  with  Maudlin-leaves. 

3.  Ba ls a  m  I t a  coi^fKa  folio^  Jlore 
($muo.  VailL  Mem.  Acad.  K.  S. 
C0ftmary  with  a  FieaBai^e^leaf .  ' 


B  a 

The  firft  Sort  was  fbrmerly  in 
greater  Requeft  than  it  is  at  prcfent ; 
many  People  were  fond  <^  it  ia 
Sou{>s,  with  other  Herbs ;  and  iu 
Ufe  in  Medicine  b,  at  prefent,  but 
fmall :  however,  as  it  kath  been  aa 
old  Garden-herb,  I  thought  proper ; 
to  mention  it  in  this  Place. 

This  Plant  increafes  very  fail  at 
the  Root,  and  will  grow  in  almoft 
any  Soil  or  Situation:  therefore^ 
whoever  have  a  mind  to  propagate 
it,  need  only  plant  a  few  Slips  in 
the  Spring  or  Autumn,  in  any  com- 
mon Border,  and  they  will  foon  be 
furniih'd  with  enough  of  it. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  are 
very  low  annual  Plants :  the  Seeds 
of  both  thcfe  Sorts  ihould  be  fown 
in  the  Beginning  of  jfyril,  on  a 
Bed  of  light  Earth ;  and,  if  the  Sea- 
fon  fliould  prove  dry,  they  muft  have 
frequent  Waterings,  otherwife  the 
Seeda  will  not  grow.  When  the 
Plants  are  come  up  pretty  ftrong,  a 
few  of  each  may  be  potted,  ^  and 
placed  in  a  warm  Situation,  and 
frequently  watered ;  where  they  will 
ripen  their  Seeds  in  AmguJI ;  which 
ihould  be  gathered  as  foon  as  they 
are  ripe ;  for  they  foon  fcatter.  The 
Flowers  of  the  fecond  Sort  turn 
•downward  as  they  begin  to  decay, 
and  continue  in  this  Pofition  till  their 
Seeds  are  perfefUd ;  when  they  raife  . 
their  Heads  again,  to  fcatter  their 
Seeds.  I  have  frequently  had  the 
Seeds  of  this  Sort  remain  in  the 
Ground  two  or  three  Years ;  and, 
afterward,  the  Plants  have  come  up 
very  well.  There  is  little  Beauty 
in  thefe  Plants  ;  but  they  are  pre- 
ferved  for  Variety. 

BAMIA  MOSCHATA.  Vide 
Kecmia 

BANANA.    F/V/Mu(a. 

BARBA  CAPR^.  Vide  Ul- 
maria. 

M  I  BARBA 


B  A 

BARB  A  J0VIS,7ii?»V/r^  Beard, 
or  Silver- buih. 

The  Chara^ers  arc ; 
//  hjth  pennated  or  nuingedheafoes ; 
tht  FUwers  are  papilionaceoMS^  and 
are  fucceeded  by  Jhort  tvai  Pods  ;  in 
nuhich  is,  for  tie  mofi  part,  contained 
»ne  roundijh  Seed, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Barb  A  Jovis^  pulchre  lucent, 
7.  B.     The  Silverbufti,  'vulgo. 

2.  Barb  A  yovi*  Hijpanica  incana, 
^ftore  luteo,  Tfium,     Spanifi  Jupiter'^h 
Beard. 

3.  Barb  a  Jovis  CaroUmana  at* 
hrefcensy  pfeudoacacia  foUis,  Baftard 
Indigo  Jncolis,  Rand,  A3,  Phil, 
N.  407.  Baftard  Indigo,  or  Ca- 
rolina Barba  Jovis. 

4.  Barba  yovis  Jf/ricana,  foliis 
wiridibm  pinnatis,  fiore  cctrulco. 
Boerb,  bid.  The  African  Jupiter*^ 
Beard,  with  deep- green  Leaves,  and 
blue  Flowers. 

5.  Barba  yows  Graca^  hnariit 
folio  argenteo  ampliori^  fiore  luteo 
fam}0,  Tonrn,  Cor.  Greek  yupiter*% 
Beard,  with  a  filver  Toad-flax-leaf, 
juid  fnrall  yellow  Flowers. 

6.  Barba  yovis  Americana  annua 
bttmilis  rantofiffimay  floribus  fpicatis 
eetrnleis.  Dwarf  annual  American 
yupiter^i  Beard,  with  blue  Flowers 
growing  in  a  Spike. 

7.  Barba  yovis  Americana  Jcati" 
dins  ^floribus  caeruUis  ex  alls  foliorum 
tonglobatis.  Climbing  American  yu- 
piter\  Beard,  with  blue  I^lowers 
coming  out  of  the  Wings  of  the 
Leaves. 

8.  Barba  yo*vij  Americana  hw 
milisy  rotundifoUa  &  *vilkfay  fiore 
vario.  Houft,  Dwarf  American  yu- 
piter*s  Beard,  with  round  hairy 
Leaves,  and  a  variable  Flower. 

9.  Barba  TsiiV  Cretica  frute^- 
fcens  incana,  fiore  fpicato  purpureo 
amplo.'Breyn.  Prod.  2.  Shrubby  ^a- 
pitir%  Beard  of  Cf'ete,   with  white 


B  A 

Leaives,  and  laree  purple  Flowei^ 
growing  in  a  Spi^e. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  "^fVTf^ 
common  in  many  Gardens ;  the  fe- 
cond  is,  at  prefent,  more  rare  with 
ns  I  the  third  Sort  was  raifed  frcasx 
Seeds  fent  frpm  Carolina,  by  Mr. 
Catefiy ;  and  is,  by  the  Inhabitants, 
made  into  a  coarfe  Sort  of  Indigo. 
This  grows  to  a  large  Shrub,  and 
will  reiiH  the  Cold,  in  the  open  Air, 
very  well :    it  is  alfo  a  beautiful 
flowering  Shrub,  and,  for  Diverfity, 
merits  a  Place  in  Quarters  of  ca- 
rpus flowering  Trees.  -    This  Plant 
will  fometimes  produce  ripe  Seeds  1 
by  which  means,  it  may  be  eafliy 
propagated ;  and  will  alfo  take  Root 
by  laying  down  the  Branches  in  the 
Spring ;  whic];i,  by  the  next  Spring, 
will   be  fit  to  tran (plant  out.     Ic 
delights  in  a  light  Soil,  and  muSt 
have  rooj^n  to  fpread  its  l^ranches, 
which  extend  a  confiderable  Diflance 
from  the  Stem  $    fo  that  it  grows 
very  irregular.    This  Tree  is  very 
fubjefl  to  fplit^  if  expofed  to  flrong 
Winds. 

The  fourth  Sort  may  be  preferved, 
with  the  fir  A  and  fecond,  in  a  com^ 
mon  Green -houfe:  they  are  not  very 
tender,  but  require  much  free  Air 
in  good  Weather,  and  frequent  Wa- 
terings.    They  are  all  propagated 
by  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  fown  on 
an  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring,  and  tranf* 
planted  into  Pots    of  good   light 
Earth,  and  houfed  in  Winter,  with 
Myrtles,  i^c,  and  have  a  good  £f* 
fedt  in  adding  to  the  Diverfity  of 
the  Green-houfe.    Thefe  Plants  will 
fometimes  take  Root  from  Cuttings; 
but,  as  'tis  difficult  to  obtain  Plants 
this  Way,  and  the  Seeds  fometimes 
ripen  vcrv  well  with  us,  I  would 
recommend  the  ralHng  them    tLat 
way,  as  the  moil  furc  and  cxpedi* 
tip  us. 

The 


B  A 

He  £fth  and  ninth  Sorts  are 
Natives  in  the  Arcbifelagt :  the 
Seeds  of  thefe  were  brought  by  Dr. 
ffumefort  to  the  Royal  Garden  at 
f «nx,  from  wheoce  diey  have  been 
iliftribated  to  feveral  of  the  Euro- 
Uan  Gardens:  thefe  .may  be  pro- 
p^ted  In  the  (ame  manner  as  the 
iA  Sort,  and  require  the  fame  Cul- 
j^re;  bat  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Sorts 
are  rarely  perfected  in  England. 

The  iixth  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant, 
which  was  difcovered  by  Dr.fVtl- 
Ham  HcKfi0Mu  at  Canfpe<hy.  This  is 
only  propagated  by  Seeds^  which 
nnft  be  fown  very  early  in  the 
Spring  on  a  good  Hot-bed;  and, 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up  two 
laches  high«  they  fhonld  be  each 
tranfplant«l  into  a  fmaljl  Pot  filled 
with  freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners  Bark ; 
obferving  to  water  and  (hade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root :  after 
which  time,  they  ihould  have  Air 
^  Water  in  proportion  to  the  Heat 
of  the  Seafon.  I9  July  thefe  Plants 
will  flower ;  and  if  the  Plants  are 
preferved  either  in  the  Stove,  or 
under  GlafTes,  they  will  perfe£l  their 
Seeds  in  ^efUmher  i  and  foon  after 
tbey  will  decay. 

The  feventh  and  eighth  Corts  may 
be  propagated  from  Seeds,  which 
naft  be  fown  as  hath  been  before 
directed  for  the  iixth ;  but  thefe  are 
abiding  Plants,  which  muft  be  placM 
in  the  Stove  amongft  other  American 
Plants,  and  will  produce  their  Flowers 
every  Year ;  but  they  feldom  pro- 
duce Seeds  in  Europe. 

BARBAREA,  or  Winter-crefs. 
fide  Slfymbriam. 

BARD  AN  A.  Burdock.  Ftdt 
Lappa. 

BARLERIA. 

This  Name  was  given  to  this 
Genus  of  Plants  by  Father  Plumicr, 
ia  Honour  of  Jacobus  Barelier^  of 


B  A 

PariSf  who  was  a  famous  Botanlft* 
We  have  no  Englijb  Name  for  it ; 
but  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Ifland  of 
Jamaica  call  it  Snap-dragon. 

The  Char aS en  are; 
It  hath  a  perfinated  Flower ,  can' 
fifting  of  one  Leaf',  nvhofe  Upper-lift 
or  Crejl  is  ereS ;  hut  the  under  is 
diwded  into  three  Parts  ;  from  inhoft 
Empalement  rifes  the  Pointal  in  thi 
Hinder-part  of  the  Flower^  tuhicb 
after*ward  becomes  a  quadrangular 
oblong  msmbraneous  Fruity  nvith  one 
Capfule^  in  nuhich  are  lodged  fat 
roundijh  Seeds. 

The  Species  arc  j 

1.  Barleria  folani  folio ^  fori 
eoccineo.  Plum.  No*u.  Gen.  Barleria 
with  a  NightOiade-Ieaf,  and  a  fcarlet 
Flower.  ^ 

2.  Barleria  aculeata,  folani 
folio  angufHorty  flore  earuleo.  Plum, 

No^j.  Gen.  Prickly  Barleria,  with  a 
narrow  Nightfhade-leaf,  and  a  blue 
Flower. 

The  fn^  of  thefe  Plants  is  vtry 
common  in  Jamaica,  and  feveral 
other  Parts  of  the  Wefi-Indies ;  but, 
at  prefent,  it  is  very  rare  in  England. 
It  grows  to  the  Height  of  three  or 
four  "^ttt^  and  divides  'into  many 
/lender  Branches,  which  are  hoary. 
On  the  Top  of  the  Branches  come 
out  the  Flowers;  which  are  of  a 
£ne  red  Colour,  and  Ihaped  like  thofe 
of  the  Antirrhinum,^  or  Calves- 
fnout :  thefe  Flowers  are  fucceeded 
by  quadrangular  Seed-veiTels,  which 
are  about  an  Inch  long,  and  contain 
a  great  Number  of  flat  brown  Seeds. 
Thefe  Seeds,  when  ripe,  are  caft 
out  with  Violence,  on  their  Vcflcls 
being  touched. 

The  fecond  Sort  Is  Icfs  common 
in  Jamaica  than  the  firll  ;  but  it 
grows  in  great  Plenty  on  fome  of 
the  French  iflands  in  America.  This 
arifes  not  above  two  Feet  high ;  the 
Leaves  are  narrower  dian  thofe  of 
M  4  the 


B  A 

At  former  $ort|  atkd  the;  Flowera  2x6 
•f  a  £ne  blue  Colour. 

The  Flowers  of  tbefe  Plants  are 
V%ry  fugacious,  feldom  continuing 
open  half  a  Day :  tJiey  commonly 
appear  in  the  Morning ;  but  when 
the  Sun  srowft  ftrong,  they  are 
foon  clofed*  or  fall  away,  fo  that 
there  it  little  Beauty  in  them  j  and 
the  Seeds,  when  ripe,  upon  touch- 
ing the  Pods,  are  thrown  out  with 
great  Elafticity  :  therefore  there 
muft  be  Caution  nfed  in  the  gather* 
ing  of  them. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
8eeds|  which  muft  be  fown  upon 
a  good  Hot-bed,  in  the  Spring; 
and  the  Plants  mud  be  preferved  in 
the  fiark-ftove  s  for  if  they  are  cac- 
fo(td  to  the  open  Air  in  Summer, 
they  will  never  produce  either 
Flowers  or  Seeds  1  and  the  firft  Cold 
of  Autumn  will  deftroy  the  Plants : 
but  when  they  are  placed  in  the 
Tan-bed,  they  (hoald  have  a  large 
Share  of  Air  in  warm  Weather, 
Otherwife  they  are  fubjed  co  draw 
Up  weak»  anid  appear  of  a  fickty 
Complexion.  * 

BASELLA,  or  Climbing  Night- 
fliade  from  Malabar. 
The  Ch^raaert  are  I 

//  hath  an  anni^dkoot:  thiStalh 
^i  climbing ;  tbi  Leawn  are  rnmd^ 
ihiik^  mni  fnccultnn  from  tbiFoat- 
fialk  tfthg  LeavN  artfr^dnc^i  Spika 
0/  FUwirSt  fUfhich  an  Mali  and 
rmale,  in  dijennt  Parts  of  the 
Spiki :  tbi  Femmli  Fliweri  an  fuc 
^iiiii  by  flat  SirriiS,  in  each  if 
nuhitb  if  ccntMedont  bard  Seed, 
The  Sficiet  are ; 

t.  B^ISLLf.  Hart,  MaL 
a.  l^asBLLA  fbrf  albo^  eanle  isf 
filiis  pallidi  fnnntiiur.  Climbing 
Nightfhade  from  Malabar,  with 
Vihht  Pbwers,  and  pale  green  Stalks 
aridl-UVCSv 


B  A 

3.  Basilla  Sim'cM,  folHs  li  cmm* 
lihus  nnridibns^  minus  JucenUmtis^ 
fruBn  mincri.  yujf.  Climbing  Jm-^ 
dian  Nightihade,  with  green  Sialics 
and  Leaves,  which  are  lefs  faccolenC^ 
and  a  fmall  Fruit. 

Thefe  Plants  muft  be  Town  earljr 
in  the  Spring,  upon  an  Hot-bed  ; 
and  when  they  come  up,  maft  be 
planted  into   Pots   of  good    frella 
Earth,  and  fet  into  a  fre(h  Hoc- 
bed,  in  order  to  bring  them  for* 
ward  i  and  when  grown  too  high  to 
be  contained  under  the  Glafles,  nuiy 
be  fet  into  the  Green  hoafe,  or  iaa 
fome  well-defended  Part  of  the  Gar- 
den, that  they  may  ripen  their  Seeds^ 
There  is  no  great  Beauty  in  tke 
Flower;  but,  tor  the  iingalar  Ap- 
pearance of  tbefe  Plants,  they  cie- 
ferve  a  Place  in  all  curious  Coliec* 
tions  of  PlanU. 

The  firft  has  thick  ftrong  fuccole&t 
Stalks  and  Leaves,  which  are  of  a 
deep-purple  Colour.  The  Plant  re* 
quires  to  be  fupported  ;  for  it  will 
,  dimb  to  the  Height  of  eight  or 
ten  Feet,  and  produce  a  great  Num- 
ber of  Side  -  branches,  which  will 
twift  round  Stakes,  and  climb  to 
a  great  Height,  provided  the  Plants 
are  prefervoi  in  the  Stove  1  for  if 
they  are  ezpofed  to  the  open  Air, 
they  will  not  grow  very  large,  nor 
will  they  peried  their  Seeds,  except 
it  be  in  very  warm  Seafons ;  but  if 
they  are  placed  in  the  Bark  ftove^ 
they  will  often  live  thro*  the  Winter, 
and  produce  great  Quantities  of 
Flowers  and  Seeds.  The  Flowers 
of  this  plant  have  np  great  Beauty ; 
but  the  Plant  is  prefer ved  for  the 
odd  Appearance  of  the  Stalks  and 
Loaves. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  erafily  the 
iame  as  the  comnion  Sort,  except* 
ing  the  Colour  of  the  Leaves,  Stalks» 
and  Flowers;  but  I  have  obferved 


B  A  fi  A 

kcflnlindy  retains  tke  fiuncColotir,  Fram  the  Berries  of  the  two  firC 

ib  list  I  don*t  believe  it  to  be  an  ac-  Som  I  have  feen  a  beautiful  Colour 

ddental  Variety  from  Seeds :   for  drawn  i  bat,  when  afed  for  paint- 

Jian  all  the  Seeos  which  I  have  fown,  ing,  did  npt  continue  very  long,  but 

I  aercr  found  any  one  of  the  Plants  changed  to  a  pale  Colour ;  though  I 

which  ditfer'd    from   the  Parent*  believe  there  might  be  a  Method  in- 

plant.  vented,  whereby  this  beautiful  Co* 

The  third  Sort  is  lefs  common  in  lour  might  be  fixed,  fo  as  to  become 

ttgiauJ  than  either  of  the  former,  very  ufeful ;  for  I  have  been  aflured, 

I  received  the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  that  the  Juice  of  thefe  Berries  has 

from  J^tjymffitu  of  P«r/i,from  which  been  ufed  for  ftaining  of  Callicoes  in 

1  JMve  obtained  a  Variety  with  va-  India. 

negated  Stalks  and  Leaves.    This  BASILICUM,   or  Bafil.     Fide 

Sort  will  not  perfed  its  Seeds  fo  foon  Ocymum. 

as  either  of  the  former  Sorts  i  fo  BAUHINIA,  Mountain  Ebohy^ 

Bttft  be  placed  in  the  Stove,  where  nmlgo.    This  Phmt  was  fo  named 

it  will  continue  through  the  Winter,  by  Father  P&tmiir,  in  Honour  of 

and  produce  ripe  Seras  the  fecond  the  two  famous  Botanifts,  J»Jbn  and 

Year.     All  thefe  Sorts  may  be  pro-  Ca/^r  Baubin. 

p^ted  by  Cuttings,  which  fliould  The  CbaraSirt  are ; 

K  hid  to  dry  a  Day  or  two  after  //  hath  a  foljpitabus  atnmaUtu 

they  are  taken  from  the  Plants,  be-  Flowir^  eonfiftii^  of  fi^%  or  more 

felt  they  are  planted,  that  the  Wound  Leavet^  'which  an  dtffoftd  om  otii 

Itty  heal,  otherwife  they  will  rot.  ^idi :  from  iht  Fkwer-cmp  arifes  the 

Thefe  Catdngs  muft  be  planted  into  incurved  Pointat,  ateompaniid  nmtb 

Pots  filled  with  frefii  light  Earth,  and  feveral  Stamina  of  the  fame  Form, 

^unged  into  a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  which  afterward  hecoma  a  Pod,  im* 

Tanners  Bark,  where  they  will  take  ebfing  kidney-Jhafed  Seeds. 

Koot  in  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks  The  Species  are ; 

^nc,  when  they  ihonld  be  treated  I.  Bavhinia  srm  eueJeeUa,  foU9 

in  the  (ame  manner  as  the  feedling  ainpliori  &  hicorm.  Plum.  N.  Gem. 

Plana.  Mountain  Ebony,  vmigo. 

All  thefe  Plants  will  dimb  to  a  2.  Bavhinia  euuleata^  feU9  fv» 

coafiderable  Height*  and  fend  forth  tundoemarginato,  Pima.  N.  Gen,  The 

a  great  Number  of  Branches,  fo  that  ln£an  Savin-tree. 

^  ihould  have  a  Place  near^  the  3.  Bavhinia  mcvdeata^  foUo  rs« 

wk  of  the  Stove,  where  they  may  tnndo  emarginato^  fiore  magno  albo, 

be  trained  up  to  a  Trdlife,  or  fail-  Honft.  Baidiinia  with  round  Leaves, 

tned  to  the  Back  of  the  Stove,  other-  and  large  white  Flowers, 

wiie  they  will  twiftthemffclyes  about  4.  Bavhinia  Jlore  luteo  /pieato, 

whaterer  Plants  Hand  near   them ;  folio  fuhrotundo  hicorni.  Houji.  Baa- 

frfaich  will  make  a  very  difagjeeable  hinia  with  yellow  Flowers-  growing 

Appearanoe  in  a  Stove,  and  alfp  )>e  in  Spikes,  and  round  Leaves, 

rery  injuriottf  to  the  other  Plants  1  5.  Bavhinia  non  acu/eata,  folio 

whereas,   when  they  are  regularly  fehnttunde    hicomi^   forihm    aJhis. 

trained  to  a  TietHfe,  they  will  have  HouJi.    Bauhinia    without  Thorns, 

t  good  ^t&  in  adding  to  the  V'a-  having  round  Leaves,   and  white 

jjfcy.  Flowers. 

4.  Bav- 


B  A 

6.  Satthiria  maxima  f^ofa^ 
filio  fmbrQtunio    hicomi,      Greateft 

.  prickly  Bauhinia,  with  rouAd  Leaves. 

7 ,  B A  u  H I N I A  fcandens  H  fruti' 
fcem^  Jolt9  fubrotundo  &f  hicomi^ 
fiore  albo.     Shrubby  climbing  Bau- 

hinia,  with  a  roond  divided  Leaf, 

and  a  white  Flower. 

The  firfl:  Plant  grows  vtry  plenti- 
fully on  the  Hills  in  tytry  Part  of 
the  IHand  of  Jamaica  ;  it  is  alfo  a 
Native  of  the  Eafi-Indies^  and  is  well 
figured  and  defcribed  in  the  Hortus 
Malaharicui,  It  grows  to  the  Height 
of  iixteen  or  eighteen  Feet,  and  pro- 
duces Clufters  of  party -colour^ 
Flowers  at  the  Extremity  of  the 
Branches,  which  are  facceeded  by 
]ong  fiat  Pods,  in  each  of  which  are 
contained  four  or  five  Seeds. 

The  Wood  of  this  Tree  being 
very  hard,  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
W.fi'lndiei  have  given  it  the  Name 
of  Mountain  Ebony. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  plentifully 
in  the  Low-lands  of  Jamaica^  and 
in  fcveral  other  Parts  of  J^tWefi  and 
Eaft -India :  this  is  alfo  well  figured 
and  defcribed  in  the  Hortus  Malaha- 
ritus :  it  grows  to  the  Height  of  fif- 
teen or  iixteen  Feet,  and  produces 
Urge  Spikes  of  beautiful  yellow 
Plowers  at  ihe  End  of  the  Branches. 
The  whole  Plant,  if  bruifed,  emits 
a  (Irong  Scent,  fomewhat  like  Savin ; 
from  whence  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
Wtfi'Indiit  have  given  it  the  Name 
oi  Indian  Savin -tree. 

The  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  Sorts 
grow  at  Cartiagina,  from  whence  I 
received  Specimens  of  thefe  Plants, 
colleaed  by  the  late  Dr.  miliam 
Ueuftotm, 

The  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts  were 
difcovered  by  Mr.  Robtrt  Millar  at 
PanamOy  from  whence  he  fent  Spe- 
cimens and  Seeds  of  thefe  Plants. 

Thefe  Plants  are  only  propagated 
.  from  Seeds,   which  may  be  eaiily 


B  E 

grocnred  from  the  Weft-In^es^  whid 
lould  be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed  eaiiy 
in  the  Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  come  up  two  or  three  Inches 
high,  they  (hould  be  tranfplanted 
each  into  a  feparate  fmal)  Pot  filled 
with  frefh  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
obferving  to  water  and  fhade  them, 
until  they  have  taken  Root ;  after 
which  they  muil  have  Air  and  Water 
in  proportion  tp  the  Warmth  of  the 
Seafon,  and  the  Bed  in  which  the^ 
are  placed. 

As  thefe  Plants  increafe  in  Strength, 
fo  they  will  become  more  hardy, 
and  may  be  preferved  with  a  mode- 
rate Share  of  Warmth  ;  but  they  are 
not  hardy  enough  to  live  in  aGreen- 
houfe  without  fome  Fire :  and,  as 
they  do  not  grow  wtxy  fall,  they  mot 
not  be  put  into  large  Pots  ;  for  they 
do  not  fpread  much  at  their  Roots. 

The  third  Sort  is  worthy  of  a 
Place  in  a  Stove,  where  other  Exo- 
tic Plants  are  maintained,  for  its  long 
Continuance  in  Flower,  and  begin- 
ning to  flower  while  young.  Thefe 
Plants  commonly  produce  Flowen 
the  fecond  Year  from  their  riiing 
from  Seeds,  and  continue  at  ieaft  fix 
Months  fiowering  ;  fo  that '  from 
March  to  OQohtr  they  arc  {cldom  de- 
flitute  of  Flowers. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  alfo  a  very 
beautiful  Plant  when  in  Flower ;  but 
this  is  commonly  fix  or  fevcn  Years 
old  before  it  produces  any  Flowen, 
nor  does  it  continue  above  tbrea 
Weeks  or  a  Month  in  Flower.  Thcfc 
arc  both  of  them  tender  while  young; 
fo  mufl  be  preferved  in  the  warmcH 
Stove  ;  but,  when  they  are  two  or 
three  Years  old,  they  will  live  in  a 
moderalcWarmth,and,  in  very  warm 
Weather,  may  be  placed  in  the  opcft 
Air.  in  a  well-fhcltered  Situation. 

BAY.     Vidt  Lauras. 

BEANS.    /7^<Faba. 

KID- 


B  B 

KIPNEY  or  FRENCH- 
9HANS.     Vidi  Phafeolas. 

BEAN-TREFpIL.  Vidi  Qy- 
tifns. 

BEARVEAR.    Fide  Aaricak. 

BEARVEAR  SANICLE.  ViM 
Verbaftum. 

BEAR'S- FOOT.  Fidi  Hd- 
lebonuT. 

BEE,  or  GNAT  . FLOWER. 
Fide  Orchis. 

BEECH-TREE.    FideYtgviz. 

B£LL-FLO\yER.  f^iV^  Campa- 
nula. 

BELLAPONA,  Deadly  Night* 
(hade. 

The  dharaSirs  are ; 

It  bath  a  heii-Jhafed  Flower^  eon' 
ffiag  9f  out  Leaf  9  ivhich  is  di'vided 
tMti  fivi  acuti  Segments  at  the  Top  : 
tocb  of  tbefe  Fltnvers  is  fueceedtd  by 
fi  gUhuLr  foft  Fruit f  ivbicb  is  di- 
vided into  tnvo  Cells,  in  *wbieb  an 
lodged  tbe  Seeds. 

The  Species  zxt  I 

t.  Bell  A  DON  A  majoribus  foliis 
O  foribits.  Tourn.  The  common 
Deadly  Nightlhade. 

2.  Belladona  minoribus  filiis 
&  foribus.  Totem,  Deadly  Night- 
shade with  fmaJier  Leaves  and 
Flowers. 

3.  Belladona  frute/cens  rottm- 
iifilU  Hi/panica,  Toftrn,  Shrubby 
Spasifi  Deadly  Nightfhade,  with  a 
round  Leaf. 

4.  Belladona  Americana  frute* 
ffiTUyforealboy  nicotians  folio.  Plum. 
Caf.  Shrubby  American  Deadly 
Nightlhade,  with  a  white  Flower^ 
*ad  a  Tobacco- leaf. 

5.  Belladona  Americtma  berba • 
"^»  fiiiis  Circ^^ie  iatioribuSy  fiore 
'&.  American  herbaceous  D^Iy 
Njghtihade,  with  broad  Inchantcrs- 
i^^ghtihade '  leaves ,  and  a  white 
Rower. 

The  firft  Sort  grows  very  common 
u.  auDy  Farts  of  England  about 


•BE. 

Farmers  Yards,  and  in  Ihady  Lane»s 
but  is  never  kept  in  Gardens,  unlefi 
in  thofe  of  Botanifts }  nor  indeed 
ihould  it  be  fufFered  to-  grow  in  any 
Places  where  Children  refort ;  for  ft 
jsafbong  Poifont  and  there  have 
been  fevml  Inllances,  within  a  few 
YesuY  paft,  0/  its  deadly  Quality^  by 
feyer^  Children  being  killed  witk 
eating  the  Berries,  which  aie  of  « 
fine  black  Colour,  and  about  tbe 
Size  of  a  black  Cherry,  and  not  un« 
pleafant  to  the  Tafte. 

Mr.  Ray  gives  a  good  Account  of 
the  various  Symptoms  it  produces^ 
by  what  happenmi-'to  a  Mendicant 
Frier,  apoii  his  drinking  a  Glafs  of 
Mallow-wine,  in  which  this  Plant 
was  infufed  :  in  a  ihort  time  he  be- 
came delirious ;  foon  after  was  feized 
with  a  grinning  Laughter;  after 
that,  feverai  irregular  Motions,  aud» 
at  lall,  a  real  Madnefs,  fncceeded, 
and  fuch  a  Stupidity  as  thofe  that  are 
fottifhly  drunk  have;  which,  after 
all,  was  cured  by  aDraught  of  Vine- 
gar. 

There  is  alfo  an  Inftance  of  the 
direful  EfFe^'s  of  this  Plant  record- 
ed in  Bncbananh  Hiftory  qI Scotland^ 
wherein  he  gives  an  Account  of  the 
Deftru^tion  of  the  Army  of  Snuem^ 
when  he  invaded  Scotland,  by  mix- 
ings Quantity  of  the  Jaice  of  thefe 
Berries  with  the  Drink  which  the 
Scots  by  their  Truce  were  to  fupply 
rhem  wi(h ;  which  fo  intoxicated  the 
Danes,  that  the  Scots  fell  upon  them 
in  their  Sleep,  and  killed  the  great- 
eft  Part  of  them,  fo  that  there  weie 
fbarcely  Men  enough  left  to  carry 
off  their  King. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  not  fo  com- 
4non  in  England  as  the  firft ;  bat  if 
preferved  in  Botanic  Gardens  for 
Variety. 

Thefe  Plants .  are  both  eafily  cnl- 
tivated,  by  fowing  of  their  Seeds  ia 
the  Spring  on  any  Soil,  or  in  any  Si- 
tuation; 


B  B 

tttHMMi  2  mmAp  wktn  die  PIftiitf  ait 
CCMM  op^  ikey  maj  be  tranfplanted 
into  ttt  abjeA  Part  of  the  Gardeiir 
wbere,  if  they  are  fuflfered  to  re* 
wamn,  «ad  drop  their  Prvit,  thejr  will 
fit!  the  Grovnd  with  young  Flants, 
ood  the  old  Roots  will  continue  fe- 
venl  Years.  I  have  freqaeatly  feen 
diefe  Rants  growing  oat  of  the  Joints 
of  Walls,  where  they  haye  endured 
the  fevereil  Proft,  ajid  the  greateft 
Droughty  for  fcveral  Years :  they 
alio  grow  equally  well  in  low  moift 
Soils ;  fo  that  there  is  no  Danger  of 
their  focceeding  in  any  Place.  The 
green  Herb  of  thefe  Plants  is  fome- 
times  ofed  in  cooling  Ointments^  as 
m  Subftitute  for  the  Garden  Night- 
lhade»  which,  being  an  annual  Plant, 
is  not  to  be  had  fo  early  in  the  Sea- 
fon  as  the  other  Herbs  ufed  in  theft 
Ointments,  when  the  Belladona, 
being  in  Perfection,  is  hy  many 
nfed. 

The  (hrubby  Sfamfi  Kind  is  pre- 
fcfved  by  the  Curious  in  Botany,  for 
the  fake  of  Variety  j  but  there  it 
vtrj  little  Beauty  in  it.  This  will 
grow  to  the  Height  of  8  or  lo  Feet, 
and  have  a  ftrone  woody  Stem.  It  may 
be  piopi^ted  by  planting  the  Cut- 
tings in  the  Spring,  uponamode- 
late  Hotbedyoofenring  to  water  and 
Ihade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  after  which  time  they  muft 
be  inured  to  the  open  Air  by  de- 
grees^ and  then  they  muft  be  care- 
ittUy  potted,  and  placed  in  the  Shade 
luitil  they  have  taken  new  Root, 
when  they  may  be  fet  abroad  with 
Myrtles,  Oleanders,  (ffr,  and  in  Win- 
ter it  muft  be  removed  into  the 
Green-houfe,  and  placed  among  the 
hardier  Kinds  of  Exotics.  This  riant 

froduces  Flowers  every  Year ;  but 
have  not  obferved  any  Fruit  pro- 
duced in  England. 
The  fourth  Son  was  difcovered 


B  E 


by  Father  P/mstt  in  the  Fr/«fi&  Set- 
tlements in  America  i  it  hath  aUt 
been  found  by  Mr.  R.  Millar,  Sor- 
geon,in  t^LtSpamJbH^tft^hdusi  from 
whom  I  received  the  Seeds  of  this 
Plant.  It  is  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  ihould  be  fown  in  Pots  filled 
with  Ught  rich  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark : 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up  an  Inch 
high,  they  fhould  be  carefully  tranf- 
planted, each  into  a  feparate  (mall 
pot,  and  plunged  into  the  Hot-bed 
again,  obierving  to  water  and  ihade 
them  until  they  have  taken  Root. 
During  the  Summer-feafon  they  may 
remain  in  thefe  Hot-beds;  bat  in 
Winter  they  muft  be  removed  into 
the  Bark-ftove,  where,  if  they  are 
kept  in  a  temperate  Degree  of  Heat, 
they  will  thrive  extremely  well,  and 
produce  their  Flowers. 

The  Seeds  of  the  fifth  Sort  wcte 
fent  from  Carthagima,  by  Mr.  Rh 
iirt  Millar,  Surgeon,  which  havefac- 
ceedcd  in  feveralGardens  where  they 
were  fown.  This  Plant  is  tender; 
fo  muft  be  conftantly  kept  in  the 
Stove,  and  muft  be  frequently  wa- 
tered, being  a  very  thirfty  PlAt :  it 
ufually  grows  to  the  Height  of  two 
Feet  or  more,  and  produces  plenty 
of  Flowers  every  Summer ;  but  has 
not  produced  any  Fruit  in  this  Coun- 
try, to  my  Knowlege:  it  may  be 
eafily  propagated  by  parting  of  tl^e 
Roots  in  jfprili  bttt  IIS  it  is  a  Plant 
of  no  Beauty  or  Ufe,  it  is  only  pre* 
ferved  in  9.  few  Gardens,  for  Variety- 
fake. 

BEL  LIS,  The  Daify. 
The  Chara^ers  are; 

//  J^ath  a  ptmmialRoot :  the  Stalyh 
are  nakeel,  and  ne^er  branch  9Mi :  f^ 
Calyx  C<fr  Off)  of  the  Flower  is/atfy 
and  fimpley  divided  i^to  many  Seg* 
fnrntSy  almofi  to  the  Footjialk :  the 
Flower  J  ^re  radiated:  avdtheHe^dtf 


BE 

Uftir  tht  Pftah  an  /albn  of,  rifim- 
Ue  tikuft  Cones. 

The  S fecit s  tre ; 

1.  Bbllis  fyliftfntmw&r*  C,  B* 
Tbe  common  fma]l  Daify. 

2.  BiLLJS  ffhvifiris  mmor,  Jiore 
iJio.C.B.  The  fmaU  ftriped  Daify. 

3.  Bell  IS   bortenfo,  Jbre  fltno^ 
tgn  Vil  par^to^  tithro.  C.  B,  The 

nd  Garden  Dftify^with  double  Flow- 


4.  Bbllis  hartgnjii,  fiort  fltno, 
mmgm  mil  farmo,  alho,  C.  B,  The 
white  doable  Garden  Daiiy . 

5.  Bbllis  hortenfis,  Jlort  flem^ 
MagH9  *vfl  farv9,*varii  9x  candido  {^ 
rwhro.  C.  B.  The  doable-ftriped 
Gaidea  Daify. 

6.  Bbllis  borttnjis  froliftra.  C.B. 
The  Garden  childing  Daify,  com- 
monly called.  The  Hen-aod-chickea 
2>aify. 

7.  Bbllis  hortenfisy  Jhn  ftleno 
•Mo,  tn/brmam  crijtit  galli  fiy»rato. 
The  white  Cockfcomb  Daify. 

8.  Bbllis  bortenfis,  fion  piem 
nArOy  in  firmutm  crifia  gaUi  fiou- 
rato.  Boerb.  bid.  The  red  Cocks- 
comb Daify. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  Tery 
tommon  in  the  Meadows,  aimoft  in 
tfitty  P^ut  of  BngUndi  they  are 
nicd  indifferently  in  Medicine,  being 
the  fame  in  all  refpeds,  except  the 
Cdoor  of  the  Flowers.  This  is  alfo 
called  CMfoUda  mmma,  or  the  leaft 
Coafonnd. 

The  diifoent  Varieties  of  the  Gar- 
den  Daifics  are  propagated  by  part- 
hig  their  Roots  in  Autumn,  arid 
Ihould  be  planted  in  Borders  of 
llrong  Earth,  which  are  expofed  to 
the  &afl :  for  the  great  Heats  in  Sum- 
mer are  very  fubje^t  to  deltroy  thefc 
Plants,  if  they  are  too  much  exposed 
thereto.  Thei'e  Flanf*  arc  pretty  Or- 
naments to  a  Crar<icn  in  the  Spring 
of  the  Ytar,  aTi<i  may  be  planted  for 
E^i^iH^s  in   large  rural  Walks  in 


WiUemefTes,  where  the  Soil  b  pdor, 
which  will  prevent  their  fpreadiag 
too  much ;  biit  in  Parterpe-gaidcas 
they  ihould  pnly  be  planted  in  fingle 
Roots  ill  fhady  Borders^  and  everf 
Year  tranfplanted  and  parted,  which 
will  preferve  them  in  th.eir  Coloors, 
and  keep  them  within  Compa&» 
otherwife  they  ane  very  vfL  to  dege* 
nerate. 

BELLIS  MAJOR.  nd€  Leacam- 
themam. 

BELLONIA. 

The  CbaraQtrt  are; 

//  batb  a  lAtbai-JbaftdFUwirjemh' 
fifting  of  om  Leaf  and  diwidid  mi 
tbe  Top  into  ftn/orai  Farts  \  finm 
nvbofe  Cup  ari/es  tbe  P^intai,  fsfdin 
tbo  Middle  of  tbe  flower  like  u  NmU: 
tbe  Flower '<np  afterward  becomes  ate 
bard  oval-pointed  Frmt^  in  lubicbetm 
contained  mani^  fmall  Seeds. 

We  hkve  bat  one  Specia  of  thit 
Plant;  *visi. 

Bb  L  LO  N I A  fruttfeensy  foUo  mtUff^ 
a/pero.  PlwnMov.Gen.  Shrubby  Bel- 
Ionia,  with  a  rough  Balm-leaf. 

This  Plant  is  very  common  in  C»- 
vend  Parts  ofJmerica,  from  whence 
I  have  received  the  Seeds ;  which 
were  colle^ed  by  the  late  Dr.  fFsl^ 
Ham  Hoitjfonts. 

It  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
flioold  be  town  early  in  the  Spring, 
in  a  Pot  filled  with  frefli  light  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of 
Tanners  Bark,  obferving  to  water  it 
fre^iyently,  as  the  Earth  appears  dry ; 
but  you  muft  be  careful  not  to  wa(h 
the  Seeds  out  of  the  Ground.  When 
the  Plants  are  come  up  half  an  fnch 
high,  they  (hould  be  carefully  tranf<i 
planted  into  Pots  filled  with  freib 
4ight  Earth,  and  plunged  into  the 
Hot-bed  again,  obferving  to  water 
and  (hade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  after  which  time  they  (hould 
have  Air  admitted  to  them  every 
Day,  when  the  Weather  is  warm ; 

and 


B  E 

ind  they  moft  be  frequently  watered. 
In  this  Bed  the  Plantt  nuy  remain 
during  the  Summer-feafon,  provided 
the  Glafies  will  admit  of  tbem  to 
ftand  under  them  without  preffing 
their  Tops :  at  Micbatlmat  the  Plants 
Ihould  be  placed  in  the  Stove^  where 
they  ihould  be  frequently  watered 
during  the  Winter ;  but  die  Water 
fbould  be  given  moderately  at  this 
•Sofbn:  the  Stove  in  which  thefe 
Plants  are  placed  ihould  be  kept  to 
temperate  Heat, which  is  moreagree- 
able  to  thefe  Plants  than  a  greater 
Warmth  at  that  Seaibn  :  the  fecond 
Year  thefe  Plants  will  fometimes 
flower ;  but  they  rarely  produce 
good  Seeds  in  this  Climate ;  how- 
ever»  they  may  be  propagated  by 
Cuttings  in  the  Summer- months, 
provided  they  are  planted  in  light 
Earth  on  a  n^oderate  Hot-bed,  and 
carefully  watered  and  ihaded  until 
they  have  taken  Root.  Thefe  Plants 
muil  be  conftantly  kept  in  the  Stove, 
and  ihould  have  a  large  Share  of  free 
Air  in  warm  Weather  %  but  if  they 
are  fet  abroad,  they  will  not  thrive 
in  this  Climate. 

BELVEDERE.    Vide  Qhenoi^ 
dium. 

BENZOIN,  The  Benjamin-tree. 
Fide  Laurus. 

BERBERIS,The  Barberry  or  Pip- 
peridge-bufh. 

The  CbaraBers  are ; 

li  is  fet  with  Jbarf  Prickles  :  the 

,   Leaves  are  ehlongy   and  ferrat^  en 

the  Edges :  the  Flowers  confifi  of  fix 

Leagues f  niobich  expand  in  form  of  a 

^fe^  and  are  of  a  yellow  Colour  :  the 

Fruit  is  long^  of  an  acid  Tafie,  and, 

for  the  moft  part,  of  a  redCtlour,  and 

grows  in  Clmfters  banging  down  :  the 

Bark  of  tbe  Tree  is  yellow. 

The  Species  are ; 

i.Bbrbbris  dumetorum,  C,B,  The 
common  Barberry. 


2.  HEKtLtLtsfinenucleo.  CJB.  Ba^> 
beny  without  Stone. 

3.  Berber  IS  latiffimo  folio,  Ca* 
nadenfis.  H.  R.  P.  The  broa4-leav'd 
Canada  Barberry. 

4.  Barb B BIS  fru£lu  a&o.  The 
white  Barberry. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  is  very 
common  in  England,  being  oftoi 
planted  for  Hedges  $  but  the  beft 
Method  to  haVe  large  good  Fruit  is, 
to  plant  them  eight  or  ten  Feet  afnn- 
der,  keeping  their  Middles  thin,  and 
free  from  dead  Wood;  bat  their 
Fruit  being  for  the  moil  part  pro- 
duced toward  the  Extremity  of  dieir 
Branches,  you  ihould  be  fparing  in 
ihortening  them ;  and  when  this  is 
done,  it  ihould  be  at  Micbaebnas, 
when  their  Leaves  begin  to  decay. 

The  fecond  Sort  I  believe  to  be 
only  an  accidental  Variety  of  the 
iiril ;  for  young  Plants  taken  from 
old  Trees,  which  produce  Fruits 
without  Scones,  are  rarely  found  to 
prove  rijght ;  and  it  hath  been  ob- 
ferved,  that  none  but  old  Trees  pro- 
duce their  Fruits  fo ;  nor  are  all  the 
Fruits  upon  the  fame  Tree  without 
Stones.  That  Sort  with  white  Fruit 
feems  not  to  difiier  from  the  com- 
mon, except  in  the  Colour  of  the 
Fruit. 

The  Canada  Barberry  hath  been 
of  late  Years  introduced  amongft  us. 
The  Leaves  of  this  Tree  are  larger 
than  thofe  of  the  common  Sort ;  and 
the  Fruit  of  this  Sort  is  black  when 
•ripe  s  but  I  have  not  feen  any  pro- 
duct in  £ff^A7ff</,  although  the  Tree 
is  equally  as  hardy  as  the  common 
Sort. 

Thefe  are  all  propagated  from 
Suckers  taken  from  Roots  of  the  old 
Plants,  which  generally  fumiih  them 
in  abundance ;  or  they  may  be  raifed 
from  Seeds,  or  by  laying  down  their 
Branches,  which  will  in  one  Year 

take 


take  fofedent  Root  to  be  tranfplant- 
cd  :  they  delighc  in  a  ftrong  loamy 
Soil,  and  may  be  planted  either  in 
03oher  or  February. 

BERMUDIANA. 
The  CbaraSers  are  } 

h  bath  a  Lily-fiower^  compofed  of 
fix  Petals f  'whoft  Empalement  becomes 
m  triangular  Fruit,  ivhicb  opens  in 
tbm  Parts,  and  is  £*videdinto  thru 
Cdls,  nshiib  are  filled  with  round- 
ifis  Segds. 

The  Species  2xei 

1 .  Be  RM  u  D I A  N  A  Iridis  folio,  fibrO' 
fa  radice,  Toum,    Bermudiana  with 
a  Fleur-de -lys  -leaf,  and  a  fibrous 
Root. 

2.  Bbrmvdiana  palnue  folio,  ra- 
ace  bulbofa,  D.  Ling,  Toum.  Bermu- 
diana with  a  Palm-leaf,  and  a  bul- 
bous Root. 

3.  BEauuDlAK A  graminea,  fore 
miaore  cetruUo.  Hort.  Eltb.  Grafs- 
leav'd  Bermudiana,  with  a  fmall  blue 
Flower. 

The  lirft  Sort  is  hardy  enough  to 
endure  the  Cold  of  the  ordinary 
Winters  in  the  open  Air,  if  it  is  plant- 
ed on  a  dry  Soil,  and  in  a  warnr  Si- 
taatiott ;  but  as  it  may  be  deflroyed 
by  fevere  Winters,  a  Plant  or  two 
ibottld  be  kept  in  Pot5,  and  ihelter- 
cd  in  Winter,  to  prefervc  the  Kind : 
this  Sort  may  be  propagated  hy 
Seeds,  which  fhould  be  Town  in 
idareb,  upon  a  Border  expofed  to 
the  Sun :  the  Plants  will  come  up  in 
^Say,  and  require  no  other  Care  bat 
to  keep  them  clean  from  Weeds :  at 
Micbaelmas  they  ma)i  be  tranfplant- 
cd  i^ere  they  are  to  remain ;  tbe^ 
following  Summer  they  will  produce 
Flowen  and  Seeds. 

The  third  Sort  is  not  quite  fo  har- 
dy as  che  firft,  though  in  very  mild 
Wbters  I  have  had  it  live  in  the  open 
Air;  but  it  will  be  beft  to  fhelter 
this  in  Winter,  under  a  common 
Bot-bed-frame,  where  they  may  en- 

7 


joy  the  free  Air  in  mild  Weafhe^'i 
this  will  produce  Flowers  and  Seeds 
every  Year  as  the  firft  :  both  thefe 
Sorts  may  ^fo  be  propagated  by 
parting  of  their  Roots  :  the  belt  time 
for  doing  of  this  is  about  Micbael-^ 
mas. 

The  feoond  Sort  never  producet 
any  Seeds  in  England  i  fo  can  be 
only  props^ated  by  OfF-fets.  This 
has  a  bulbous  Root  about  the  Size 
of  the  Corn-flag ;  but  is  not  fo  flat: 
the  Leaves  of  this  Plant  die  off  m 
Winter,  and  in  the  Spring  there  arc 
new  ones  put  forth.  This  Plant  is 
much  tenderer  tiian  the  former,  and 
requires  a  Stove  to  preferve  it  thro* 
the  Winter :  in  Summer  the  Pots 
ihould  be  placed  in  a  Bark-bed.other- 
wife  the  Plants  will  not  prodoee 
Flowers  in  this  Country :  in  Winter 
they  (hould  have  vtty  little  Water 
given  to  them ;  for  Wet  will  fooa 
rot  the  Roots  when  their  Leaves  are 
decayed.  There  is  no  great  Beauty 
in  either  of  thefe  Plants ;  but  they 
are  preferved  by  the  Carious,  for  Va- 
riety-fake. 

BERNARDIA. 

The  Cbaraffers  are ; 

h  is  Male  and  Female^  in  dlffermt 
Plants :  tbe  male  Plants  produce  fmall 
Katkins,  ivbicb,  *wben  ripe,  fall  off  t 
tbe  female  Plants  ba*ue  apetaioas 
Flowers,  tvbicb  are  fucceeded  bj  iri^ 
coccous  Fruits,  refembiing  tbofe  of  tbe 
Ricinus, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  BsRNARDiA  frutefcens  ercQa, 
carpini  folio,  mas,  Houfi,  Male  up- 
right fhrubby  Bemardia,  with  an 
Horn-beam-leaf. 

2.  BzaNARorA  frutefcens  ereffer, 
carpini  folio,  feemina,  Houfi.  Female 
upright  ihrubby  Bernardia,  with  an 
Horn  beam-leaf. 

-3.  Bernardia  fruticofa  mariti' 
ma  repens,foliis  fubrotundis  i^  fubtns 
argenteis,  mas.  Houfi,     Male  creep- 
ing 


BE  BE 

lag  fliruUqr  Beniardui»  with  loand*  !■  a  Stove,  where  they  flioaU  k 

ilh  Leavei,  which  are  of  a  Silver-  kept  in  a  moderate  Heat,  and  moft 

colour  undenieatk.  be  freqaently  watered;  bat  it  (hoaU 

4.  BaanARDiA  fmticojk  mantis  not  be  given  to  them  in  large  Qoan- 


rfftms^  filiii  fmiroitmdu  V  fiA-  titles  at  that  Seafon.   Witk  this  Ma- 

tm$  argimUiiffamnm.  Homft,  Female  nagement  thefe  Plants  will  thrive  ex- 

creepinj;  (hrubby  Bemardia,   with  tremely  well,  and  will  produce  their 

ffoundim  Leaves,  which  are  of  a  Sil  Flowers  in  this  Climate ;  but  thqr« 

ver-colour  underneath.  will  rarely  perfed  their  Seeds  in  this 

The  two  firft  Sorts  were  found  by  Country  :  they  may  be  propagated 

Dr.  H$Mftomi  in  Jamaica^  where  they  by  Cuttings,  or  laying  down  their 

are  in  great  Plenty  near  the  Sea,  and  tender   Branches    in    the    Spring; 

generally  grow  near  each  other  ;  fo  which,  if  duly  watered,  will  take 

that  where-ever  a  female  Tree  is  Root  in  three  Months ;  when  they 

found,  there  is  rarely  a  Male  wanting  may  be  cut  off  from  the  old  PJant^ 

near  it.    Thefe  ufually  grow  to  the  and  treated  as    thofe  raifed  from 

Height  of  eight  or  ten  Feet,  and  di-  Seeds, 
vide  into  many  Branches :  the  Flow-        BESLERIA. 
ers  ^re  produced  at  the  Joints*  near  I'he  CharoQiri  are ; 

the  Footftalks  of  the  Leaves.  //  hath  a  Flower  confiftiug  §f  nt 

The  other  two  Sorts  were  found  Leaf  9  which  is  tuhtilous^  ami  »f  m 

by  jyx.  H^mftoun^  at  La  Fera  Oim^  arnmahus tr  ferfonaUdFigwe^havivi 

where  they  grow  on  the  Shore  upon  two  Lips  ;  from  nvh^ft  Cuf  arifes  the 

the  Sand-b^ks :  thefe  feldom  rife  Peintal^  which  is  Jixei  like  a  NmI 

above  a  Foot  highyhaving  many  trail-  /«  the  hinder  Part  of  tht  Flower ^ 

ing  Branches w n i ch  fend  forth  I^  oots  which  a/ier*ujard  becomes  a  Joftfitffj 

from  their  Joints,  whereby  they  pro-  ovalj^apid Fruit, in  which  are  matj 

pagate  th^mfelves.  finaU  Seeds, 

ThefePIants  may  be  obtainM  from  The  Species  are ; 

Seeds,  which  (hould  be  brought  over        i  •  Bb  s  lk  r  i  a  meliJjTte  Tragi  facte, 

foon  after  they  are  ripe,  aind  fown  Plum.  Nov.  Gen.     Befleria  with  the 

in  Pots  filled  with  light  freih  Earth,  Face  of  Tragm^i  Balm, 
and  plunged  into  a  moderate  Hot-        2.  Besleria  *virg4e  aun^  y^V;, 

bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  oblerving  fre-  f^re  luteo,  minor.    Plum.  Nov.  Gen, 

quently  to  water  them  :  when  the  Befleria  with  Golden  rod-leaves,  and 

plants  are  come  up,  they  (hould  be  a  fmall  yellow  Flower, 
carefully  tranfplanted  into  feparate         3.  Bbsl^ki  a  virg^  anre^e  filH^t 

Pots  filled  with  light  frefti  Earth,  and  fore  luteo,  major,    Plnm,  Nov,  Gen, 

plunged  into  the  Hot-bed  again,  ob-  Befleria  with  Golden- rod- leaves,  and 

ferving  to  water  and  fliade  them  un-  a  large  yellow  Flower, 
til  they   have   taken  Root;    after        4    Besleria 'yr^^jv^/ffi   crifiatM, 

which  time  they  fliould  have  Air  and  fruQu  nigro.  Plum.  Nov.  Gen,  Climb* 

Water  in  proportion  to  the  Warmth  ing  Befleria,  with  a  black  Fruit 
of  the  Seafon,  and  the  Heat  of  the        Thefe  four  Plants  are  common  2a 

Bed  in  which  they  are  placed :  in  the  warm  Parts  of  Jmerica,  froxa 

Summer  they  fliould  have  a  large  whence  the  Seeds  have  been  brought 

Shareoffrefli  Air  in  warm  Weather,  into  Europe^  and  have  been  cuiti' 

and  (hould  be  frequently  watered ;  vated  in  fome  curious  Botanic  G^r- 

bnty  in  Winter,  they  mutt  be  placed  deai,    Thefe  Seeds  ffiould  be  fown 


B  £ 

•A  an  Hot-bed  early  intheSpringy 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up 
half  an  Inch  high,  they  (hould  be 
each  tranfplantcd  into  a  fmall  Pot 
filled  with  freOi  light  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  ofTaoners 
Bark,  obferving  to  water  and  fhadc 
them  until  they  have  taken  Root. 
When  the  Plants  have  filled  thefe 
fmall  Pots  with  their  Roots,  they 
ihoold  be  ihaken  out  of  them,  and 
their  Roots  trimmed,  and  then  put 
into  larger  Pots  filled  with  freih  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  the  Hot- 
bed again  ;  where  they  fliould  have 
a  large  Share  of  frefli  Air  in  warm 
Weather,  andmafl  be  frequently  wa- 
tered. 

With  this  Management  thefe 
Plants  will  thrive  very  well  in  Sum- 
mer, but  in  Winter  they  muft  be  re- 
moved into  the  Stove,  where  they 
inaft  be  placed  in  a  temperate 
Warmth,  and  fliould  be  often  wa- 
tered :  the  fecond  Year  thefe  Plants 
will  flower,  and  fometimes  they  will 
pcrfcd  their  Seeds  in  this  Country  j 
but  they  muft  be  conftantly  preferv'd 
in  the  Stove  ;  for  they  will  not  live 
in  the  open  Air. 

BETA,  The  Beet. 
The  CharaSiers  are ; 

It  baib  a  thick  frjhy  Root:  the 
Flowtrs  have  no  'vijihh  l^a*vesy  hut 
«wa^  Stamina  or  Threads^  ^wbich  are 
t^lUaid  into  a  Glohe  :  the  Cup  of  the 
Tlyix(r  is  di^vidcd  into  fi^vi  Segments  : 
the  Seeds  are  co*vered  ivith  an  hard 
OHitr  Coaty  and  grotAj  t*wo  or  three  to* 
gtther  in  a  Bunch. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Beta  alha,  <vel palUfcenty  qua 
Cicia  o^dnarum.  C.  B,  The  com- 
mon white  Beet. 

2.  Beta  communis,  Ji*ve  viridit. 
C-  B.    The  common  green  Beet. 

3*  Beta  ruhra  vulgaris.     C.  B, 
The  common  red  Beet. 
4.  Beta  rubra,  radice  rapa  ro* 

Voi.I. 


B  £ 

iunda.  Soerh.  Ind,  The  turnep-rooted 
red  Beet. 

^   5.  BtTA  rubra  major,  C.  S,  Tho 
great  red  Beet. 

6.  Beta  iutea  major,  C.  S,  P» 
The  yellow  Beet. 

7.  Beta  maxima  Hel<vetiea,  la* 
tijjimo  caule.  Boerb,  Ind,  The  S<wi/s 
or  Chard  Beet. 

The  two  firft  mentioned  are  pre- 
fefved  in  Gardens  for  the  \J{e  of 
their  Leaves  in  Pot  herbs ;  but  at 
prefent  they  are  not  fo  much  efteem'd 
as  they  have  been,  and  are  but  in  few  , 
Gardens :  the  other  Sorts  are  pro- 
pagated for  their  Roots,  which,  in 
Winter,  are  boiled  as  Parfneps,  (^c 
and  ferved  up  to  Table,  and  are  by 
many  greatly  efteem'd  :  the  red  Beet 
is  the  mod  commonly  cultivated,  and 
is  often  ufed  to  gartiifh  Diihes  with- 
al :  of  this  there  is  a  Sort  which  haa 
been  introduced  lately  into  tho 
Kitchen-gardens  with  a  (hort  Top, 
and  green  Leaves,  with  a  very  red 
Root :  this  is  preferred  to  the  com- 
mon red  Beet,  for  the  Shortnefs  of 
the  Leaves,  fo  that  it  doth  not 
fpread  fo  much;  therefore  will  grow 
in  lefs  Compafs,  and  not  injure  any 
other  Crop  with  which  it  may  be , 
fown ;  and  the  Roots  are  alfo  of  a 
deeper  Colour,  and  very  tender.  The 
Snjoifs  Beet  is  by  fome  very  much 
efteemed  :  the  large  flat  Ribs  of  the 
Leaves  are  dewed,  and  afterwards 
fried  in  Butter,  which  is  accounted 
by  many  a  delicate  Difli. 

Thefe  Beets  are  all  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Seeds  in  February  or 
March  in  a  deep  loofe  Soil  (but  not 
over-dunged) ;  and  mud  be  hoed  out 
after  they  are  come  up  fo  as  to  leave 
them  ten  or  twelve  Inches  afunder  ; 
for  they  fpread  very  much  ;  and,  if 
they  have  not  room,  their  Roots  -vill 
be  very  fmall.  The  Gardeners  near 
London,  in  order  to  make  the  mod 
of  their  Ground,  fow  thefe  Beets  with 
N  Carrott, 


B  E 

^Carrots,  upon  the  fame  Ground,  and 
draw  off  their  Carrots  in  the  Sum- 
jner-iime  for  the  Market,  before  the 
Beets  have  gro>^n  very  large  ;  and, 
when  the  Carrots  are  gone, there  will 
be  room  for  the  Beets  to  grow,  (b 
that  they  have  a  double  Crop  ;  and, 
if  thfir  Beets  fhould  happen  to  fail, 
they  plant  a  Crop  of  Savoys  for  the 
Winter,  fo  that  their  Ground  feldom 
lies  idle. 

BETONICA,  Betony. 
The  CbaraSiers  are ; 

l^he  Leanjts  are  green^  roughs  and 
tnnatid  on  the  Edges :  the  Flo<wers 
are  di/poftdin  a  Spike :  the  upper  Crejt 
ef  the  Flcwcr  is  advanced^  and  di*vi' 
ded  into  tivo  Segments  :  the  Beard,  or 
lower  Part  of  the  Flo^wer^  is  di'vided 
into  three,  and  the  middle  Segment  is 
bifid:  gach  tlvwer  is,  for  the  moft 
fart,  fucceeded  hj  four  naked  Seeds, 
The  Species  are  j 

1.  Betonica  purpurea.  C,B,  The 
common  or  Wood-betony. 

2.  Betonica  aiha,  C.  B*P.  Be- 
tony with  a  white  Flower. 

3 . Be T o N I  c A  major  Danica,  Park, 
Theat,     Greater  Danijh  Betony. 

4.  Betonica  minima  Alpina  Hel- 
vetica. Park.  Theat.  The  leaft  Be- 
tony of  the  Helvetian  Alps. 

5.  BftTONiCA  Alpina  incana  pur' 
turea,  Bareli.  Icon.  Hoary  Alpine 
^tony,  with  purple  Flowers. 

6  Betonica  Orientalis,  folio ,an- 
guftijpmo  iff  Umgijpmo,  fpica  florum 
trafjiore.  ^ourn.  Cor.  Eaftern  Be- 
tony»  with  a  long  narrow  Leaf,  and 
a  thick  Spike  of  Flowers. 

7.  Betonica  rubicundifjimo  flore^ 
Montis  Aurei.  H.  R.  Par,  Betony 
with  a  very  red  Flower,  id  Mont  etOr 
in  Awuergne. 

8.  Bet  ON  I  eA  Orientalis  latifolia, 
£Aile  hrenji^flore  maximo.  Toum.Cor. 
Broad-leav'd  Eaftern  Betony,  with 
a  fhort  Stalky  and  a  very  large 
Flower, 


B  E 

9.  Betonica  arttenfis  annua,  fiare 
ex  alhofiave/cente.  Toum,  Annual 
Field  Betony,  with  a  yellowifii- white 
Flower. 

10.  Betonica  Alpina  latifolia 
major  *villofayflore  luteo.  H.  R.  Par. 
Great  broad -lea  vM  hairy  Betony  of 
the  A/ps,  with  a  yellow  Flower. 

Tlie  firfl  Sort  is  very  common  in 
Woods  and  fhady  Places  in  moft 
Parts  of  England :  it  may  be  propa- 
gated in  (hady  Borders  in  a  Garden, 
by  either  fowing  the  Seeds  in  Spring, 
or  by  parting  the  Roots,  which  may  1 
be  taken  out  of  the  Woods :  the  Soil 
fhould  be  rather  moid  than  dry,  and 
not  over-rich. 

The  other  Sorts  arc  all  hardy 
Plants,  and  may  be  propagated  either 
by  fowing  of  their  Seeds  in  the 
Spring,  or  oy  parting  of  their  Roots; 
the  latter  is  moft  commonly  pra- 
difcd  ;  but  this  fhould  be  done  in 
Autumn  :  they  fliould  have  a  (hady 
Situation,  and  a  moifl  Soil.  Thefe 
are  preferved  in  Botanic  Gardens  for 
Variety  ;  but,  as  they  have  no  great 
Beauty,  they  are  rarely  preferved  in 
other  Gardens. 

The  firftSort  is  ufed  in  Medicine, 
and  is  greatly  efteemed  as  a  vulne- 
rary Herb.  An  torn  us  Mufa,  Phyfi' 
cian  to  the  Emperor  Augufius,  wrote 
a  whole  Book  concerning  the  Vir- 
tues of  this  Plant ;  from  whence  it 
came  to  be  fo  much  in  Efteem,  that 
they  have  a  Proverb  in  Ital^  to  thii 
j'urpofe  ;  Vende  la  Tonica,  e  eompta 
la  Betonica  ;  Sell  your  Coat,  and  buy 
Betony.  And  when  they  would  praife 
any  Perfon  very  much,  they  fay.  He 
has  more  Virtue  than  Betony. 

BETONICA  AQyATICA,r/^ 
Scrophularia. 

BETONICA  PAULI.  FideV^ 
ronica. 

BETULA,  The  Birch-tree, 
The  Chara&ers  are ; 

The  Liovei  are  Iski  thofe  of  the 

Poplar : 


B  E 

Ptfiar :  thi  SJmts  art  'very  Jltndir 
ninutak:  tbthiXx^  or  KatkinSy  an 
fndMced  at  remote  Diftancet  from  tbt 
Fmti  $a  the  /ami  free  :  the  Fruit 
he€9mes' a  iittie  ffuamefe  Cone:  the 
Bait  are  laifiged:  and  the  Tree  cajls 
itt  9uttr.  Rind  every  Tear, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Tree,  which  is  common  in  Bng^ 
laadi  viz. 
Betula.  Dod,  The  Birph-tree. 
This  Tree  is  propagated  by  Suck- 
ers taken  from   the  Roots  of  old 
Trees,  which  loay  be  tranfplanted 
ciclier  in  OQober  or  February  ;  bat 
OScliT  is  to  be  preferred ;  for,  if 
the  Spring  ihould  prove  dry,  thofe 
plaoted  in  February  will   many  of 
them  £ul :  it  fJelights  in  a  poor  Soil, 
sod  will  grow  ia  either  molft  fpringy  ^ 
toils,  or  in  ftony  or  gravelly  Marfhes 
or  Bogs:   when  the  young  Trees 
have  been  planted  two  Years,  you 
ihould  (if  deiigned  for  Under- wood) 
cat  them  down  within  fix  Inches  of 
the  Sarfice,  wbich  will  canfe  them 
to  (hogt  out  ftroBg  and  vigorous 
Branches;  but  if  they  are  deiign- 
cd  for  large  Trees,  it  will  be  muctt 
better  to  let  them  ftand  three  Years 
before  you  )iead  them  down  ;  and 
when  you  do  it,  cut  them  within 
three  Inches  of  the  Ground,  that 
ihcir  Stems  may  be  ilrait  and  hand- 
iboe :  but  you  muft  obferve,  when 
they  begin  to  put  out,  whether  they 
produce  more  than  one  Shoot ;  which 
if  they  do,  you  mull  rub  off  all  but 
die  Ibongeft  and  moft  convenient 
Shoot,  which  mull  be  trained  up  for 
a  Stem. 

The  Timber  of  this  Tree,  thoagh 
acconnted  the  worii  of  all  others,  yet 
is  not  without  its  various  Ufes:  the 
Tamers  often  nfe  it,  to  make  Chairs, 
&r.  and  the  Huibandmen,  for  make- 
ing  Ox-yoketf ;  it  is  alfo  .planted  for 
Hop-poles,  Hoops,  £s^r.  but  in  Places 
tkhia  twenty  Miles  Qi  London,  it  ia 


B  I 

kept  often  cat  to  make  Brooms,  and 
turns  to  great  Account. 

There  are  three  or  four  other  Sorts 
of  this  Tree  growing  in  the  North- 
ern Parts  of  Germany f  S<weden,  and 
Lap/affd^  which  are  all  of  them  ra- 
ther Shrubs  than  Trees,  the  tailed  of 
them  feldom  riiiiig  above  ten  Feet 
high,  the  others  about  three  or  four 
Feet ;  and,  being  of  little  Ule,  I  fhall 
not  enumerate  them. 

There  is  alfo  a  Birch -tree,  which 
has  been  raifed  in  the  Gardens  late- 
ly, whofe  Seeds  came  from  America  .* 
the  Leaves  of  this  Sort  are  larger 
than  thofe  of  the  common  Birch- 
tree;  but  this  may  be  only  from  the 
Plant's  being  young  and  vigorous  ; 
fo  cannot  be  pronounced  different^ 
by  its  prefent  Appearance. 

filDENS,  Water -hemp -agri- 
mony. 

The  CharaSers  zxt ; 

It  batb  a  compound  FLrwer^  for  thi ' 
mofi  part  Jlsfculous^  confifting  of  many 
Florets^  divided  into  fe^ueral  Segments, 
fitting  qn  tbe  Embryo^  and  contained 
in  tbe  Fio^Jtfer-cup :  fometimes  tbert 
are  alfo  found  Semi-florets  :  tbe  Em- 
bryo afternnard  becomes  a  Setd^  end^ 
ing  in  Prickles, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  BlDZ^s  folio  tripartito  di*vifo. 
C^falp.  Water- hemp-agrimony  with 
a  divided  Leaf. 

2 .  Bi  D  E  N  8  folio  nan  diffeSo,  Ca^ 
falp,     Water-bemp-agrimony  with 

an  undivided  Leaf. 

3.  B  I  D  e  N  s  Canadenfls  latifolia^ 
ftore    luteo,     Tourn,      Broad -lea  v'd 

Hemp- agrimony  of 'C^fffltf^y  with  a 
yellow  Flower. 

4.  BiDEHS  Americana,  apii  folio ^ 
Toum,  American  Hemp-agrimony, 
with  a  Smallage-leaf. 

5.  BivEHS  Jndrca;  bieracii  foliot 
caule  alato.  Town.  Indian  Hemp- 
flgrimony,  with  an  hawkweed'-leaf, 
and  winged  Sulk. 

N  2  6.  BiPEMs 


B  I 

6.  BiDBNS  trifiUa  Anuricana^ 
Uucanthemi  flore.  Toum,  Thrcc- 
leav'd  American  Hemp- agrimony, 
with  a  greater  Daify-flower. 

7 .  B I D  E  N  s  AmtTi  cana  ramofijjima^ 
/•Ins    gtatf.inttSy  flore  par*VQ   lutt§. 

KouJ}.  HierMcium  fruticofumy  angu- 
Jiijj.mis  gramintisjoliii^  capitulis  par- 

njtS.  6  Joan.  Cat.     American  branchy 

Herap-«grimony,  withgraliy  Leaves, 

ai  d  imail  yellow  Flowers. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  grow  wild 
in  iRoill  Places,  by  the  Sides  of 
Ditches,  and  Aanding  Waters,  in 
moft  Parts  of  England ;  fo  are  rarely 
permitied  to  have  a  Place  in  Gar- 
dens. 

'The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  are 
Natives  of  the  Northern  Parts  of 
America,  where  they  are  very  troti- 
bleiome  Weeds  :  the  Seeds  of  thefe 
have  been  brought  to  England^vihert 
the  Kinds  are  preferved  by  thofe 
Pcrfons  who  are  curious  in  Botanical 
Studies ;  but,  as  they  are  Plants  of 
so  Beauty,  they  are  feldom  preferv'd 
in  other  Gardens :  the  Seeds  of  thefe 
Plants  are  armed  with  two  rough 
Claws,  by  which  they  fallen  them- 
fdves  to  the  Cioaths  of  Perfons  who 
walk  near  them  when  ripe.  If  thefe 
are  permitted  to  fcattcr,  they  will 
foon  f  urnilh  the  Place  with  Plants. 

The  fifth,  fixth,  and  feventh  Sorts 
are  Natives  of  the  warmer  Parts  of 
America  I  {o  are  more  tender  than 
the  others :  the  Seeds  of  thefe  fhould 
be  fown  upon  an  Hot- bed  in  March^ 
and  the  Plants  muft  be  tranfplanted 
to  another  moderate  Hot-bed,  to 
bring  them  forward;  and,  as  they 
increafe  in  Strength,  they  fhould,  by 
degree:^,  be  inured  to  bear  the  open 
>^ir ;  and  in  June  they  may  be 
taken  up  with  a  Ball  of  Earth  to 
iheir  Roots,  and  tranfplanted  into 
the  full  Ground,  where  they  will 
flower  in  July^  and  their  Seeds  will 


B  I 

ripen  in  Atiguft ;  and  the  Plants  will 
periih  with  the  firft  Froft;  fo  they 
muft  be  annually  raifed  from  Seeds, 
by  thofe  Perfons  who  are  defirous  to 
preferve  them. 

BIFOLIUM,  Twyblade. 

This  Plant  grows  wild  in  moift 
Meadows  in  divers  Parts  of  Eng- 
land \  It  rifes  in  May,  and  flowers 
in  June,  and  foon  .after  dies  away. 
This  Plant  is  of  no  Ufe  or  Beauty. 

BIGNONIA,  The  Trumpet- 
flower,  or  Scarlet  Jafmine. 
,      The  CbaraQers  are ; 

It  bath  a  tuhulous  Flrvoer,  eoM' 
fifling  of  one  Leaf  ^whicb  optns  at 
tbe  Top  like  tnvo  Lips  :  tbefe  Flvwtrs 
are  fucceeded  by  Pods,  *wbicb  are  di- 
vided into  tnvo  Cells,  and  contain 
federal  ^winged  Seeds, 

The  Species  are  %  * 

1 .  B I G  N  o  N I A  Americana,  fraxim 
folio,  flore  amplo   fbetniceo,    Toum, 

The  fcarlet  Trumpet- flower,  vnlgo. 

2.  BiGNONiA  Americana,  capreolis 
donafa,  filiqua  hre<viori,  Tourn.  Tht 
four-leav*d  Dwarf  Trumpet-flower, 
'uulgo, 

3.  BiCNONiA  Americana  arbor, 
flore  lttteo,fraxini  folio.  Plum.  The 
large  yellow  Trumpet  flower,  *vulg9. 

4.  BiGNONiA  fimplici  J  olio  tor* 
dato.  Lin,     The  Catalpa,  *vulio, 

5.  BiGNONiA  Americana  arhore- 
fcens  pentaphylla,  flore  rofeo,  major, 
filiquis  planis.  Plum.     White-wood, 

or  TuHp- flower,  *oHlgo. 

6 .  B I G  N  o  N I A  fcandens  iitrapbylla, 
fruSlu     maximo     ecbinato.       Houp, 

Climbing  four  •  leav*d  Bignonia, 
with  a  large  echinated  Pod. 

7.  hiano'^i k  fcihidens  tetraphflla, 
flore  racemofo  cameo.  Uoufl.  Climb- 
ing fbur-leavM  Bignonia,  with  flefli- 
colourM  Flowers  growing  in  long 
Bunches. 

8.  BicNOKiA  Americana,  foUis 
fuhrotundts  glalnis,  fruBu  contprfjff 

'  .■  orbicuiaffl* 


B  I 

miicniato,  Trampet  -  flower  with 
fmooth  xoundifh  Leaves,  and  round 
compreiled  Frait. 

9.  BiGNONiA  Americana  fcantlenff 
filiis  pitmatis  hirfiuis^  ^  m.irgimims 
/imuiiisyfiliquis  longijfimit  V  anguflif- 
fimis.  Climbing  American  Trum- 
pet -  flower,  with  winged  hairy- 
Leaves,  indented  on  their  Edges,  and 
long  narrow  Pods. 

10.  fircNONiA  Americana  /can-- 
dens,  tn'fSj/Ja  (^  fentapbyila,  lobis 
ampUoribuj  mucronatis  {jf  firratis^ 
fiiiquis  longis    comprejfis   marginatis. 

Climbing  Trumpet  -  flower,  with 
three  and  five  Leaves,  which  are 
large,  pointed,  and  fa  wed  on  their 
Edges,  and  long  flat  Pods,  which 
are  border-d. 

11.  BiGNONiA  Carolimana  fcan^ 
^ust  &f  femper-'virem^  folHs  anguftis 
glahris^  Jl-irihus  luteis  odoratis,  Jili 
ffms  hr.qjijpmis.  Climbing  Carolina 
Trampet-flower,with  narrow  fmooth 
Leaves,  fiveet  yellow  Flowers,  and 
ihort  Pods,  commonly  called  yellow 
Jafmine  in  America. 

The  Sc  rt  firil-mentioned  is  com- 
mon in  feveral  curious  Gardens  near 
London,  and  is  planted  againfl  Walls 
expofed  to  the  South  Sun,  where  it 
thrives,  and  produces  large  Quan- 
tities of  Flowers  annually ;  but  it 
ytquires  a  great  deal  of  room ;  for 
it  is  a  large  Shooter ;  and  the  Flowers 
tang  aUays  produced' at  the  ex- 
treme Parts  of    the    fame   Year's 
Shoots,  if  thefe  are  flopped,    the 
Flowcn  are  taken  off;  but  in  Spring 
the  young  Branches  may  be   fliort- 
*ned  to  three  or  four  Eyes,  as  in 
Vines,  and  the  fmall  weak  Shoots 
^fn  out,  leaving  the  large  ones 
twenty  Inches  or  two  Feet  afunder  : 
thefe  Branches  ftrikc  Roots  into  the 
Walls,  by  which  they  are  fecured, 
^d  require  very  little  AMancc  in 
mailing  xhem  up. 


B  I 

The  fecond  Sort  is  of  humble 
Growth,  and  is  only  propagated  by 
laying  down  the  Branches  in  Sum- 
mer, when  they  are  free  of  Growth^ 
which  in  a1:>out  fix  or  eight  Monihs 
will  take  Root,  when  they  may  be 
tranfplanted  into  Pots,  and  in  Wmter 
will  require  to  be  (heltered  with 
Myrtles,  tsfr.  where  they  may  have 
a  large  Share  of  Air.  In  Summer 
they  mud  be  placed  abroad,  and 
treated  as  other  hardy  Amnican 
Plants.  This  Plant  doth  not  prO' 
duce  large  Bunches  of  Flowers  as 
the  iirft,  nor  are  they  fo  deep- co- 
loured. 

There  are  two  other  Varieties  of 
the  firft  Sort,  one  of  which  has 
deeper -colour'd  Flowers,  and  the 
other  has  much  fmaller  Leaves,  than 
the  firft ;  'but  they  are  both  climb- 
\tig  Plants,  and  to  be  treated  in  the 
fame  manner  as  was  direc^ted  for  the 
firft.  Thefe  Plants  will  rife  to  the 
Height  of  forty  or  fifty  Feet,  if 
they  are  permitted  ;  fo  are  vtry , 
proper  to  cover  any  high  Wall  or 
Building,  to  which  they  will  fallen 
themielves  by  flrikingRqots  into  the 
Joints  of  the  Wall. 

The  third  Sort  is  fcarce  in  Eng' 
land  at  prcfent :  this  is  a  Tree  of  a 
large  Growth  in  the  warm  Parts  of 
Amtricu ;  but  being  tenderer  than 
the  other  Sorts,  requires  to  be  kept 
in  a  Stove  in  Englund. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Sort  may  be 
procured  from  Jamaica^  where  thefe 
Trees  grow  in  great  Plenty ;  but 
they  fliould  be  brought  over  in  their 
Pods,  which  will  prefer ve  them  ; 
for  thofe  which  are  taken  out  arc 
generall,  fo  much  dried  by  the  Heat, 
as  to  deftroy  them ;  fo  that  fcarce 
any  of  them  will  grow. 

The  Seeds  of  the  fourth  Sort  were 

brought  from  Carolina  by  Mr  jCc//</3i', 

^d  have  been  raifed  in  many  of 

N  3  .  the 


B  I 

die  Gardens  near  London  \  (b  t)iat 
tiow  it  is  propagated   pretty  com- 
monly in  the  Nurferies  near  London^ 
and  {old  as  a  flowering  T  ree  to  adorn 
Pleafure  gardens :  this  is  now  ufually 
propagated  by  Cuttings, which  (hould 
be  planted  in  March  ;   and,   if  they 
are  placed  on  a  moderate  Hor-bed, 
it  will  greatly  forward  their  taking 
Root :  in  May  they  may  be  placed 
in  me  open  Air,  and  in  dry  Wea- 
ther   di'ly   watered  :    by    M-dacl- 
mas  theii;  Cuttings   will    be  llrong 
enough  to  tranfplant  in.o  the  Nur- 
ftry,    where  they   may    remain   a 
Year  or  two,  and  then  they  (hould 
be  tranfp'anted  where  they  are  to 
Hand  for  good  i  for  thefe  Plants  do 
not  bear   tranfplanting  well,    after 
they  have  flood  long  unrcmoved, 
or  when  grown  large. 

When  the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  are 
brought  over  from  Car^lina^  if  they 
are  fown  upon  a  Bed  of  light  Earth, 
in  a  warm  S.cuation,  the  Plants  will 
come  up  very  well,  and,  by  the  fol- 
lowing Spring,  will  be  fit  to  tranf- 
plant mto  the  Nuriery,  where  they 
ivill  require  the  fame  Culture  as 
other  Nurfery- plants. 

This  Sort  rifes  to  the  Height  of 
twenty-five  or  thirty  Peer,  and  in 
&  few  Years  will  produce  fine  Bunches 
of  Flowers ;  and,  as  the  Leaves  of 
the  I  ree  are  remarkably  large,  it 
affords  great  Shade  ;  but  if  they  are 
planed  in  Places  too  much  expofed, 
the  Branches  are  often  fplit  down 
or  broken  in  Summer,  by  the  Leaves 
flopping  the  Current  of  the  Air  ; 
and  this  render>  them  very  unfightly ; 
and  in  fevcre  FiOl»«  the  t.  ndcr  Shoots 
of  thefe  Trees  are  killed,  when  they 
iland  much  expofed  to  the  North  >  r 
Eall  Winds ;  to  guard  againft  thefe 
Evils,  they  fliould  always  be  planted 
in  warm,  well-fhekercd  Situations, 
imd  upon  a  Soil  moderately  dry ; 


B  I 

for  although  they  will  make  larger 
Shoots  on  a  moift  than  a  dry  Soil, 
yet  they  will  be  in  greater  Danger 
of  being  injured  in  Winter  by 
Cold. 

The  fifth  Sort  grows  upright  to 

a confiderable Size  iu  xYitlVrft'Itnliej i 

but  in  England  it  only  makes  a  large 

Shrub,   and  produces  Flowers   aa- 

nually  in  great  Plenty.     This  Plant 

makes  a  beautiful  Appearance  in  the 

Stove,  the  Leaves  being  large,  of^ 

thick  Subftance,  and  a  Ihining-greeil 

Colour :  the  Flowers  are  large,  and 

have  a  fweet  Scent ;   but  are  of  a 

fhort  Duration.     The  Cuttings   of 

this  Plant  will  take  Root,  if  they  are 

taken  off  toward  the  Latter-end  of 

March,  before  the  Plants  begin  to 

fhoot,  and  laid  in  the  Stove  two  or 

three  Days,   to  heal  the  woooded 

Part,  before  they  are  planted ;   for 

there  is  a  large  Quantity  of  a  milky 

Juice  in  this  Plant,  which  will  oc- 

caiion  the  rotting  of  the  Cuttings, 

if  they  are  planted  too  green.  Thde 

Cuttings  m  ll  be  planted  in  Foes 

filled  with  frcfh  Earth,  and  plunged 

into  an  Hot -bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 

obferving  to  {hade  them  in  the  Heat 

of  the  Day,  and  to  refrefh  them  with 

Water  <:  but  it  muft  not  be  given  in 

too  large  Quantities,  left  it  roc  the 

Cuttings :  it  may  alfo  be  propagated 

from  Seeds,  which  may  be  obtained 

from  Jamaica  or'  Bathados^  where 

thefe  Trees  are  known  by  the  Name 

of  White- wood,  and  Tulip- flower. 

There  are  great  Numbers  of  thefe 

Trees  growing  near  Bridge-tORvn  in 

Barbfdcs ;    whofe  Seeds  fall,  and, 

being  winged,  are  carried  about  the 

neighbouring  Lands,  where  the  Plants 

rife  in  great  Plenty ;  and  fome  of  the 

Inhabitants,  who  want  Shelter  for 

their  Plantations  from  the  Sea-winds, 

make    great    Plantations   of  thefe 

.Trees,  which  grow  fsiftj  and  reM 

the 


BI 

tlie  Fary  of  the  Winds,  better  than 
moflotherTrees:  bat  the  Seed sihoald 
be  broaght  over  in  the  Pod'>,  other- 
wiie  they  will  not  keep ;  and  fhould 
be  fown,  a^  foon  as  poflible,  in  Pots 
filled  with  frefh  light  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  a  moderate  Hoc-bed. 
When  the  Plants  come  up,  they  muft 
be  each  tranfplanted  into  a  leparate 
Pot  filled  with  the  fame  Sort  of 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  the  Hot- 
bol  again,  obferving  to  water  and 
ihade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root :  aft<*r  which  they  mufl  be 
treated  in  the  manner  directed  for 
the  Coffee -tree,  aitd  other  tender 
Plants,  wh*ch  are  prelervcd  in  the 
Bark-ftove. 

The  fixth  and  fcventh  Sorts  are 
trailing    Plants  of  lower  Growth : 
Chefe  were  ient  from  Carthagena  by 
the  late  Dr.  Houjhun,     Thefe  may 
be  propagated  from   Seeds,  or  by 
laying  down  the  Branches,   which 
will   take   Root  in    three   or  four 
Months.     They  (hould*  be  treated 
in  the  fame  manner  as  the  former 
Sort,  and  muti  be  kept  in  the  tiark- 
fiove;  but  they  do  not  require  fo 
much  Heat  in  Winter,  and  in  Sum- 
mer (hoald  have  more  Air;   other- 
wife  they  will  draw  up  weak.  Thefe 
have  not  produced  Flowers  in  Eng- 
land's yet ;  tho\  from  the  Appear- 
ance of  the  Plants,  we  may  expcd 
them  to  flower  very  foon. 

The  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  Sorts 
were  difcovercd  by  Mr.  Robert  Ml- 
lar^  Surgeon,  at  Camfgchy,  from 
whence  he  fent  their  Seeds,  which 
have  fncceeded  in  the  Phyfic-garden 
at  Cbelfea  very  well,  where  thefe 
Plants  are  now  growing. 

All  thefe  Sorts  may  be  propagated 
by  Seeds,  which  Ihould  be  fown  in 
Pots  filled  with  frefh  light  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  an  Hot -bed  of 
Tanners  Bark.  The  Pots  (hould  be 
frequently  watered,   to   keep   the 


3  I 

Earth  moid,  otherwife  the  Seeds  will 
dry  up,  which  will  prevent  their 
growing:  when  the  Plants  are  como 
up,  they  Ihould  be  each  tran1\)]anted 
into  a  {rparate  fmall  Pot  filled  with 
frefh  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
the  Hot- bed  again,  obi'ervmg  to 
water  and  fhade  them  until  they 
have  taken  frefli  Root.  As  thefe 
Plants  advance  in  Strength,  they 
fhould  be  fhifted  into  larger  Pots  i 
and  when  they  are  grown  too  tall 
to  tland  under  the  GlafTes  of  the 
Hot- bed,  they  fhould  be  removed 
into  ^  the  Bark-flove,  where  they 
fhould  be  kept  in  a  moderate  Heat, 
and  muft  be  frequently  refrefhed 
with  Water.  With  this  Manage- 
ment the  Plants  will  tnrive  extremely 
well,  and,  in  two  Years,  many  o£ 
them  will  produce  their  Flowers; 
but  they  rarely  perfeft  their  Seeds 
in  this  Countfy. 

The  eleventh  Sort  is  very  com- 
mon in  South  Carolina,  where  it 
climbs  on  the  Hedges,  or  whatever 
Plants  grow  near  it ;  and,  in  Sum- 
mer, produces  fine  Bunches  of  yel- 
low Flowers,  which  have  a  moH 
agreeable  Scent.  It  is  alfo  found 
wild  in  Firginiat  from  whence  ic 
was  fir  ft  brought  into  England;  bat 
it  is  not  there  in  fo  great  Plenty  as 
at  Carolina :  at  prefent  it  is  very 
rare  in  this  Countrv  ;  moft,  if  not 
all  the  old  Plants,  having  been  killed 
in  fevere  Winters ;  and  as  the  Seeds 
of  this  Plant  are  very  feldom  brought 
over  in  their  Pod',  they  lolc  their 
growing  Quality  before  they  arrive 
in  England. 

This  Plant  will  live  in  the  open 
Air  in  mild  Winters,  if  it  is  planted 
in  a  warm  Situation  ;  and  the  Plants 
will  thrive  much  better  than  thofe 
which  are  kept  in  Pots ;  fo  that  if 
there  is  Care  taken  to  cover  themi 
in  hard  Frofts,  it  will  be  much  the 
better  Method  to  plant  them  in 
N  4  Borders 


B  I 

Borders  clofe  to  Walls  expofed  to 
the  South ;  and,  by  training  their 
Branches  againll  the  Walls,  they 
iviU  more  certainly  flower  than  in 
Pots. 

If  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Plants  are 
procured  from  America^  they  fhould 
be  gathered  in  the  Pods,  and  put 
up  in  dry  Sand,  which  is  the  Aireft 
Method  of  preferving  them;  and 
they  fhould  be  fown  in  Pots  filled 
with  light  Earthy  foon  after  they 
arrive  \  and  the  Pots  may  be  placed 
under  a  common  Hot  -  bed  -  frame, 
to  guard  them  from  Froi^,  and  great 
Kains ;  and  in  March  thefe  Pots 
jnay  be  plunged  into  a  moderate 
Hot-bed,  where,  if  they  are  gendy 
watered,  and  fcreened  from  the  Sun 
in  the  Heat  of  the  Day,  the  Plants 
will  come  up  in  May^  and  fhould 
be  inured  to  bear  the  open  Air  by 
degrees. 

This  Sort  may  alfo  be  propagated 
by  Layers, 
BJHAI. 

The  Chara^ert  are ; 
//  hath  a  tuhulous  flovjer^  (on- 
fifthg  of  one  Ltaf^  Jhafed  almofi  like 
a  i//>v  and  cut  into  t^wo  Farts :  tbe 
point d  Aff^  Stamina  are  induced  in 
tivo  Leanfes ;  the  Point al  afttfward 
htccmes  a  fejhy  three-cornered  Fruit ^ 
containing  three  hard  rough  Seeds: 
$0  thife  Notes  Jhould  be  added^  Many 
Flotjcerf  contained  in  a  common  Cq' 
nfningr 

The  Species  are  i 
I.  BiHAi  amfhjjitnis  foUiSyflorum 
wafculis  coccincis.    Plum,  Noi;.  Gen, 
'  ^ibai  with  large  Loaves,  and*  a  icar» 
Jet  Covering  to  the  FIowi-ts. 

Z-  BjHAI  amfltjfimis  foliis^fiorum 
njafiulis  /ul??tign.\  Plt.m  No^v,  Gth, 
Bihai  w.th  large  I  eaves,  and  a  black 
Covering  to  the  Flowers. 

Thefe  Plants  are  at  prefcnt  very 
»rc  in  Euroff, 


B  I 

I  received  Seeds  of  the  firft  Sort 
from  Panama y  which  came  up  in 
the  Phyfic- garden  2xChelfea\  but 
the  Plants  have  not  produced  aojf 
Flowers  as  yet. 

They  may  be  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  fhould  be  fown  on  an  Hot- 
bed early  in  the  Spring ;  and,  when 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  fhould 
be  each  tranfp'anted  into  a  feparate 
Pot  filled  with  light  rich  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  an  Hot  bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark,  obftrving  to  water  and 
fhade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root;  after  which  time,  in  warm 
Weather,  they  fhould  have  a  large 
Share  of  freih  Air,  and  mufl  be  fre- 
quently watered  :  during  the  Sum- 
mer-feafon  the  Plants  may  remaia 
in  the  Hot  bed ;  but  in  Winter  they 
mufl  be  removed  into  the  Stove,  and 
placed  near  the  Fire-place,  that  the/ 
may  have  a  great  Share  of  Heat, 
without  which  they  v/ill  not  live 
thro*  the  Winter  in  this  Climate : 
they  mufl  alfo  be  frequently  waterMs 
but  Water  fhould  not  be  given  them 
in  too  great  Plenty  in  the  Winter- 
feafon,  tho'  in  the  Summer  they  will 
require  a  large  Share  of  Moiflure: 
with  this  Management  thefe  Plants 
will  produce  their  Flowers  very  well 
in  this  Climate. 

BINDWEED.  Vide  Convol- 
vulus. 

BIRCH-TREE.    T/iafc  Betula. 

BISCUTELLA.  Vide  Thla- 
fpidium. 

BISERRULA.  Vide  Pelc- 
cinus. 

BIS  LINGUA.     Vide  Rufcus. 

BISTORTA,  Biftort,  or  Snake- 
weed. 

There  arc  three  or  four  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  found  wild 
in  England \  but  as  they  are  feldom 
planted  in  Gardens,  I  fhall  pafs  them 
pver  with  only  mentioning  the  coip« 

moo 


B  L 

moa  Sort  which  is  nfed  in  Medi- 
doe. 

Bistort  A  major ^  radia  minus  t/i* 
itvia,  C,  B,     The  common  great 
fiiflort,  or  Soake-wced. 

This  Plant  flowers  in  May ;  and, 
if  theSeafon  proves  moift,  will  con- 
tinoe  to  produce  new  Spikes  of 
Flowers  till  Auguft:  it  may  be  pro- 
p^ted  by  planting  the  Roots  in  a 
motft  {hady  Border,  either  in  Spring 
or  Autumn,  and  will  foon  fumifh 
the  Ground  with  Plants  s  for  it  grealy 
increafes  by  its  creeping  Roots. 

BIXA.    fV^Mitelia. 

BLADDER  NUT.  Fide  Sta- 
phykxlendron. 

BLATTARIA,  Moth-mullein. 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

The  Leames  are  placed  alternately 
npM  the  Brancbis :  the  Cup  of  the 
timuer  evnfifis  ef  one  Leaf,  *which  is 
£^iedinfoJi*ue  Segments :  the  F/o^ers 
xanfiji  gfone  Leaf,  ^which  fpreads  epen, 
and  is  ^nnded  alfi  into  five  Segments: 
they  org  produced  in  long  Spikes,  and 
are  fuceeed^d  hy  round  FeJJfels,  tvhich 
are  divided  into  tivo  Ceils,  and  con^ 
tuin  many  fmall  Seeds  in  each, 

1.  Blattaria  lutea.  J^  B,  The 
yellow  Moth- mullein. 

2.  Blattarta  alha,  C.B.  The 
white  Moth-mullein.  - 

3.  Blattaria  fiore  ro/eo,  Boerh. 
hi.  The  rofe-colour'd  Moth-mul- 
lein. 

4.  Blattaria  purpurea.  C.  B. 
The  purple  Moth-mullein. 

5.  Blattaria  perennis,  folia 
'Otrhafci,fiore  luteo  amplo,  Mor,  Hifi. 
The  perennial  Moth-mullein^  with 
large  yellow  Flowers. 

6.  Blattaria  fiore  ohfoleto  eo- 
kre  furpurafcente.  C.B.  P.  Moth- 
maUein  with  a  worn-out  purplifii 
Flower. 

7.  Blattaria  ^ore  nigrte  viol^ 
nUre   elegants    Mtnte,     C.  B,  P. 


B  L 

Moth-molletn  with  an  elegant  vioIeU 
colour'd  Flower. 

8.  Blattaria  flore  ferrugineo. 
H,  R,  Par.  Moth-muUein  with  an 
iron  coloured  Flower. 

9.  Blattaria  magnoflon.  J.  B* 
Moth  mullein  with  a  large  Flower. 

10.  Blattaria  /olio    *vt,rba[ci^ 
flore  luteo  amplo,  Morijf,  H.  Reg,  B/ef„ 
Moth-mullein  with  a  Leaf  of  com- 
mon Mullein,  and  a  large  yellow 
Flower. 

11.  Blattaria  Ragufina  incanee 
multifida,  Mor.  H.  Oxon,  Hoary 
Moth-muUem  of  Rigufa,  with  cat 
Leaves. 

12.  Blattaria  perennis  Cretica 
incann,  foiiis  hinis  conjugatim  pofitis^ 
uno  major e  extremum  claudtnte.  Mor. 
Hift.  Oxon,  Perennial  hoary  Mcth- 
mullein  of  Crete,  with  Leaves  fet 
oppoiite,  included  by  one  larger 
Leaf. 

13.  Blattaria  Onentalis,  hu- 
gula  folio,  fl)re  maximo  'vinfcente^ 
Uturis  lutcis  in  femicif  culum  firiato. 
T.  Cor.  Eaftern  Moth  mullein,  with 
a  Bugle-leaf,  and  a  l^rge  greenifh 
Flower,  mark'd  with  femicirculsM: 
yellow  Lines. 

14.  Blattaria  Orientalis,  ^ver- 
bafci  folio,  fiore  ma  ima  inttnfe  wo- 
laceo  T,  Cor.  Eaftern  Moth-mul- 
lein, with  a  common  Muilein-leai^ 
and  a  large  Flower,  of  a  dcep-violet 
Colour. 

15.  Blattaria  Orientalis,  agri* 
moniar  folio.  T,  Cor.  Eallern  Moth- 
mullein,  with  an  Agrimony -leaf. 

The  three  fi;il- mentioned,  and 
the  ninth,  tenth,  and  L'ievcnth  Sorts 
are  biennial  Plantb,  never  (bnding 
more  than  two  Y^rs  :  they  niuft  be 
fown  in.  the  Spring;  .and  wlien  they 
are  come  up,  may  be  tranfpl anted 
where  they  are  to  remain  for  good. 
If  any  of  theie  Plants  flioot  up  to 
flower  the  firil  Year^  the  Winter 

will 


B  L 

wSn  deftfoy  tbem  ;  but  thofe  that 
are  backward  will  endure  our  feve- 
rcft  Winters,  provided  they  are 
planted  on  a  dry  rubbifhy  Soil;  and 
the  next  Spring  will  flower,  and  pro- 
duce good  Seeds.  When  thefe  Plants 
are  in  Flower,  they  perfume  the  Air, 
^nd  have  a  Scent  fomewhat  refem- 
faling  Violets  at  a  fmall  Diilance. 

The  fourth,  fifth,  fixth,  feventh, 
and  eighth  Sorts  are  Perennials, 
their  Roots  abiding  feveral  Years  in 
the  Ground :.  thefe  are  alfo  raifed  by- 
lowing  their  Seeds ;  for  their  Roots 
4o  feldom  part  well,  and  the  often 
removing  them  prevents  their  flow- 
ering (Irong.  All  thefe  Sorts  delight 
in  a  dry,  poor,  ftony,  or  gravelly 
Soil,  and  are  often  found  growing 
upon  old  Walls  and  Buildings. 

The  twelfth  Sort  is  a  Perennial ; 
but  this,  being  tenderer  than  the 
former  Sorts,  mud  be  (heltered  in 
Winter;  therefore  thefe  fhould  be 
planted  in  Pots  filled  with  frefh  un- 
Qung'd  Earth ;  and,  if  they  are 
placed  in  Winter  under  a  common 
Hot -bed -frame,  where  they  may 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  poiUble 
in  mild  Weather,  and  only  covered 
in  fro  fly  Weather,  they  will  thrive 
very  well. 

The  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and 
fifteenth  Sorts  were  difcovered  by 
Dr.  fourmfort  in  the  Lt^vattt^  who 
fcnt  their  Seeds  to  the  Paris  Garden, 
from  whence  feveral  other  Gardens 
have  been  fupplied  with  them. 
Thefe  Sorts  do  not  ripen  their  Seeds 
well  in  this  Country ;  and,  as  their 
Roots  do  feldom  continue  above 
two  or  threeYears,  it  is  very  difficult 
to  preferve  ther»  long :  thefe  mufl 
be  fheltefed  in  fevere  Frofts,  other- 
wife  they  will  be  deflroyed. 

The  feventh  and  eighth  Sorts  are 
the  moll  beautiful  of  all  the  Kinds : 
thefe  produce  -wtry  tall  Spikes  of 
Flowers^  which  continue  for  a  long 


B  L 

« 

tune,  there  being  two  or  three  Sud* 
cefiions  of  Flowers,  which  come  oot 
alternately  on  the  fame  Spikes,  which 
have  a  very  agreeable  Scent :  thefe 
Plants,  with  Care,  may  be  preferved 
fome  Years ;  but  they  muft  not  be 
planted  in  a  rich  Soil :  for  if  they 
grow  vbry  rank  in  Summer,  they 
are  fubje^  to  rot  in  Winter. 

BLn  UM,  Blight,  or  Strawbcrry- 
fpinach. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

The  Empalemint  of  the  Tlawtr  U 
dMdtd  into  three  P^rts  :  there  is  w§ 
Petal  to  the  Flower  ;  but  in  the  CeM' 
tre  of  the  Empedtment  arifes  the 
Point al^  attended  by  three  Stamina: 
the  Empalement  aftemuard  becomes  a 
fucculent  Berry  ^  compo/ed .  of  feveral 
Acini,  each  containing  vne  Seed. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  BtrTUM  foiiis  triangularihiti 
dentatisf  calycihus  haccatis,  capituUs 
fummis  nudis,  lin.     Smaller  Straw- 
berry -  fpinach,    or    berry  -  beariag 
Orach. 

2.  Blitum  foiiis  triangulariius 
dentatisy  calycibus  heiccatis,  capitulis 
fummis  foIiofiK      Lin.    Hort.   Cliff. 

Large    Tartarian    Strawberry  -  fpi- 
nach. 

3.  Blitum  foiiis  triangulariiMS 
ohtufis  isf  dentatiSf  capitulis  mn  ff 
Uofis.  The  common  large  Straw- 
berry-fpinacb. 

Thefe  Plants  are  frequently  prc- 
ierved  in  Gardens  for  their  odd  ap- 
pearance, when  their  Fruits  are  ripe: 
the  firfl  of  them  has  but  Utile  Beauty, 
the  Berries  being  fmall,  and  not  io 
well  colour'd  as  thofe  of  the  two 
other  Sorts :  the  third  has  been  long 
an  Inhabitant  of  the  Englijb  Gar- 
dens; but  the  fecond  Sort,  which 
came  from  Tartary^  has  almofl  Tup- 
planted  the  other :  for  as  the  Seeds 
of  thefe  Plants,  if  fufFered  to  fcattcr 
on  the  Ground,  will  come  up  with- 
out any  Care,  the  Seeds  have  fowed 

theiafelvel 


BL  BO 

thani^€9  (6  plentifally  in  tbofe  The  fecond  Sort  wA  fjnm  tw» 

GardcBS  where  they  have  been  ad-  Feet  and  an  half,  or,  to  good  Ground, 

»itred«  as  to  become  the  moft  com^  often  three  Feet  high ;  and  is  fur« 

ana  of  all  the  Sorts.  niih'd  with  Bemes,  at  every  Joints 

If  the  Seeds  of  either  of  the  Sorts  frrai  the  Bottom  to  the' Top:   fo 

ire  fowD  in  March  or  April,  upon  fhat  when  the  Branches  are  regularly 

i  Bed  of  common  Earth,  in  aa  open  fupported,  they  make  a  pretty  Ap- 

Situation,  the  Plants  will  come  up  pearaoce.     The  third  Sort  feldom 

in  a  Month  or  £ve  Wce^s  after ;  grows  fo  tall  as  the  fecond ;  but  the 

and,  if  they  zse  to  remain  in  the  Berries  are  rather  larger,  and  the 

Place  wheir  they  are  Town,  will  re-  Upper-part  of  the  Stalk  is  not  fur- 

qoiie  no  4>(her  Care  but  to  keep  nifhed  with  Leaves  fo  high ;  nor  are 

Ibcttciear  from  Weeds,  and  to  thin  the  Indentures  of  the  Leaves  fo  fharp- 

Aemout,  fo  as  to  leave  them  fix  pointed.   They  are  all  annual  Planes, 

or  eight  Inches  apart :    and  in  July  which  will  fow  thcmfelves  in  a  Gar- 

tke  Plants  will  b<>gin  to  (hew  their  den,    and    come    up  without   any 

Berries,  when  they  wil  1  make  a  pretty  Trouble. 

Appearance:  but  many  People  tranf-  BLOOD  WORT.      Fide    Lapa^ 

phmt  thefe  Plants  into  the  Borders  thum. 

©fthdr Flower-gardens;  and  others  BOCCONIA. 

plant  them  in  Pots,  to  have  them  The  Charaffers  are  j 

wdy  for  removing  to  Court-yards,  It  hatb^a  Flonver  con fi fling  of  cng 

or  to  place  upon  low  Walls,  amongft  Leaf:  from  the  Middle  arifs  the 

other  annual  Flowers,  to  adorn  thofe  Pointal,  tjubich    afterivard  bcccmcx 

Places.  an  o^al-Jhopt  d  pointed  Fruit ;  lubicb 

When  thefe  Plants  arc  defigned  to  //  full  of  Juict,  each  containing  om 

he  lemoved,  they  Ihopid  be  tranf-  round  Seed. 

planted  before  they  ihoot  up  their  We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 

Flowcr-ftems ;  for  they  will  not  bear  Plant ;  vix. 

tranfplanting  well  afterward :  and  if  Bocconia  racemofa,  fphondylii 

they  arc  planted  in  Pots,  they  will  folio  tomentofo.     Plum.    No*u.  Gen. 

Rqnire  to  be  duly  watered  in  dry  Branching  Bocconia,  with  a  woolly 

Weather,  o^herwife  the  Plants  will  Cow-parihep-leaf 

ftJnt,  and  not  grow  to  any  Size :  This  Plant  is  called  by  Sir  Hans 

and,  as  the  Flower- ftcms  advance,  SloTine,  in  his   Natural    Hiftory  of 

they  (hould  be  fupported  by  Sticks ;  Jamaica^    Cbelidonium  ma  jus  arbo^ 

for  if  they  are  not,   the  Branches  r/aw,  foliis  quercinis ;    or  Greater 

will  fall  to  the  Ground,  when  the  Tree-celandine,  with  Oak-leaves. 

Berries  are  grown  pretty  large  and  It  is  very  common  m  Jamaica^ 

weighty.  and  feveral  other  Parts  of  yimencoy 

Tne  Leaves  of  thefe  Plants  re-  where  it  grows  to  the  Height  of 

fefflble  the  pointed  leav'd  Spinach  ;  ten  or  twelve  Feet ;   having  a  ftratt 

tod  the  Berries  are  of  a  fcarlet  Co-  Trunk,  as  large  as  a  Man's  Arm, 

lour,  turning  to  a  Purple  as  they  whichiscovcred  with  a  waitefmooth 

^«ay ;  and  arc,  in  Shap,  very  like  Bark.    'At  the. Top  it  divides  into 

Jhe  Wood-ftrawberry ;  from  whence  feveral  Branches,  on  which  ttic  Leave$ 

It  had  the  Name   of  Strawberry-  arc  placed  alternately.  Thefe  Leaves 

%>nKh.  are  eight  or  nine  Inches  long,  and 

iivo 


B  O 

Cve  or  fix  broad;  are  deeply  finuated, 
fometimes  almoft  to  the  Midrib,  and 
are  of  a  fine  glaucous  Colour;  fo 
that  this  Plant  makes  a  beautiful 
Variety  amOng  other  Exotic  Plants 
in  the  Stove.  The  whole  Plant 
abounds  with  a  yellow  Juice,  like 
the  greater  Celandine  ;  and  is  of  an 
acrid  Nature;  fo  that  it  is  ufed  by  the 
Jnnabiunts  of  America^  to  take  off 
Warts,  and  Spots  from  the  Eyes. 

It  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
ihould  be  fown  in  a  Pot  filled  with 
frcih  light  Earth,  early  in  the  Spring, 
and  plunged   into  an  Hot- bed  of 
Tanners  Bark  i  obferving  to  water 
it  frequently,  otherwife  the  Seeds 
will  not  grow.     When  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  they  (hould  be  each 
tranfpl anted  into  a  feparate  fmall 
Pot  filled  with  light  Tandy  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  the  Hot-bed  again; 
obferving  to  fhade  the  Glafl'es  in  the 
Heat  of  the  Day,  until  the  Plants 
have  taken  Root.     In  Winter  they 
ihould  be  plunged  into  the  Bark- 
Aove,    where  they  fhould  have  a 
large  Share  of  frefh  Air  in  warm 
Weather,  and  muft  be  plentifully  wa- 
tered.    With  this  Management,  I 
have  raifed  thefe  Plants  upward  of 
two  Feet  high  in  one  Seafon ;  which 
were  alfo  very  ftrong  in  their  Stems. 
Thefe  Plants  mufl  be  conltantly  kept 
in  Stoves,  allowing  them  a  temperate 
Heat  in  Winter;   and  in  Summer 
they  fhould  have  plenty  of  Air  in 
warm  Weather,  as  alio  a  large  Share 
of  Moifture.  This  Plant  has  flowered 
in  the  Phyfic -garden  at  Cbdfta^  and 
perfeded  Seeds ;  but  if  it  were  not 
to  flower,  the  Angular  Beauty  of  the 
Plant  renders  it  worthy  of  a  Place 
in  every  curious  Colledion  of  P'ants; 
and  it  feems  the  Indians  were  very 
fond  of  it ;  for  Hernande%  tells  us, 
ihe  hdian  Kings  plaated  it  in  their 
Gur.cns, 


B  O 

BOERHAAVIA,  Hogweed. 
The  CbaraSirs  are ; 

The  Flower  confifts  of  om  Petal . 
or  Leaf^  <whlcb  is  of  the  helljboped 
Kindy  ba*oing  five  Angles :  ti/is  bat 
/carte  any  Empalement :  in  tbe  Centre 
is  fixed  tbe  Point  a  I,  attended  by  three 
fifort  Stamina  :  tbe  Pointal  afier* 
^uard  turns  to  a  fyrroived  Fruity  im^ 
clofing  a  fingle  Seed, 
The  Species  are ; 

f.  BoERHAAViA  folamfolia me^or. 
Vaill,  Greater  Hogweed,  with  a 
Nightfhade-leaf. 

2.  BoERHAAViA  folonifoUa  pro- 
cumbens  &  birfuta^  floribus  ceccineis 
compcidis.  Hovfi.  Hairy  trailing 
Hogweed,  with  a  Nightfhade4eaf, 
and  compared  fcarlet  Flowers. 

3.  BoERHAAViA  alfinesfoliosfian^ 
densy  firibus  palUde  luteis  majoribus 
in  umbell^  modum  difpofitis^  fimiue 
a/pero.  Houft.  Climbing  Hogweed, 
with  a  Chickweed  leaf,  large  pale- 
yellow  Flowers  difpofed  in  an  Um- 
bel, and  a  rough  Seed. 

4.  BoERHAAViA  filanifoUa  treBa 
glabra^  fioribus  cameis  laxius  dif- 
pofitis.  Houft.  Upright  fmooth  Hog- 
weed, with  a  Nightfhade  leaf,  and 
flefh  -  colourM  Flowers,  growing 
loofely  on  the  Spike. 

5.  BoERHAAViA  pTocumbcnty  fi- 
lani  folio  glabrOyfiore  co'ccineo,  Houfi* 
Trailing  Hogweed,  with  a  fmooth 
Nightfhade  -  leaf,  and  a  fcarlet 
Flower. 

Thefe  Plants  arc  all  of  them  Na- 
tives of  the  M'cfi'Indiesj  where  they 
grow  as  Weeds.  The  firfl  Sort  is  the 
mod  common  in  the  Britifi?  Iflandf; 
where  the  Inhabitants  ufe  it  for  fe- 
veral  Diforders,  and  recommend  it 
as  a  Remedy  for  feveral  Dillempers. 

Thefe  are  all  of   them  annual 

Plants,  which  perifh  foon  after  they 

have  perfected  their  Seeds ;  and,  in 

warm  Countries^  the  Seeds  which 

6  fcattefi 


B  O 

fcatter,  will  grow,  and  bccomeWceds 
10  foch  Places.  Bat,  in  England^  the 
Seeds  maft  be  fown  upon  an  Hot- 
bed in  March^  and  the  Plants  muft 
be  tranrplanted  upon  anothier  mo- 
derate Hot- bed,  to  bring  them  for- 
ward; where  they  may  grow  till 
the  Middle  of  yune ;  when  they  muft 
be  carefully  tranfplanted  into  a  Bed 
of  rich  Earth,  in  a  warm  Situation ; 
aod  they  will  perfe^  their  Seeds  in 
'^H^fit  or  the   Beginning  of  Sep- 

BONDUC,    The   Nickar-tree, 

The  Cbara^ers  arc; 
7/  bath  a  foiypetalous^  or  a  mono- 
ptakus  Flozvtr,  cut  very  dtefly  into 
ftwral  Segments ;  but  is  almoft  of 
on  anomalous  Figure:  from  'wbofe 
Coljx  arijes  the  Pointal,  *wbieb  af 
terward  becomes  a  Pod  btfet  all  wer 
vnth  Prickles ,  in  ^jobicb  are  contained 
one  or  tw9  romnd  hard  Seeds  ^ 

The  Species  are ; 
t.  BoMDUC   vulgar g  majus  poly- 
th^nm.    Plum.   Nov,   Gen.       The 
ydlow  Nickar,  or   Horfe-nickar, 
vnlgt. 

2.  BoNDUC  vulgare  minus  poly- 
th^lnm.  Plum.  Nov.  Gen.  The  grey 
or  afh-colonr*d  Nickar. 

3.  BoNDUC  caule  redo  inermzy  fo^ 
His  ieciduis.  Upright  fmooth  Ca- 
fittJa  Nickar-tree,  which  cads  its 
Leaves  in  Winter. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  are  very  com- 
mon in  Jamaica,  Barbados,  and  the 
Caribbie-IJlands;  where  the  Children 
rfe  the  Fruit  for  Marbles;  their 
OQter  Coats  being  fo  hard,  as  with 
great  DifRcalty  to  be  broken.  Thefe 
Fruits  arc  often  brought  to  England, 
and  formerly  were  ufed  for  Buttons ; 
l>«t  at  prcfent  I  don't  know  any 
We  made  of  them.  They  com- 
monly grow  to  the  Height  of  ten  or 
twelve  Feet,  and  twift  themfelvcs 
Joand  any  other  Trees  which  grow 


B  O 

near  them.  There  is  very  little  Dlf* 
Terence  between  thefe  two  Plants, 
except  in  the  Colour  of  their  Fruit, 
and  the  fecond  Sort  having  fmaller 
and  rounder  Leaves  than  the  firft. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  are  fo  hard,  as  not 
eaHiy  to  be  made  to  vegetate  ia 
England.  The  only  Way  oy  which 
I  have  been  able  to  get  thefe  Plants 
from  Seeds,  is,  to  put  the  Seeds  into 
a  warm  Bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  under 
a  Pot,  where  the  Heat  of  the  Tan, 
and  the  Moifture  which  gets  thro* 
the  Pot,  will  caufe  the  Shell  of  the 
Fruit  to  burft,  and  the  young  Plant 
foon  after  appears :  then  they  may 
be  taken  out  of  the  Tan,  and  put 
each  into  a  fmall  Pot  filled  with 
frefh  Earth,  and  plunged  into  the 
Tan  again.  Thefe  Plants  will  make 
coniiderable  Progrefs,  if  they  are 
kept  in  a  warm  Bed,  and  frequently 
watered.  They  mufl  alfo  be  kept 
in  a  Bark-dove  in  Winter;  other- 
wife  it  will  be  difficult  to  preferve 
them  in  this  Country.  Their  Stems, 
Branches,  and  Leaves,  are  all  befet 
with  iharp  crooked  Spines ;  which 
faden  themfelves  to  the  Cloaths  of 
any  Perfon  who  approaches  them, 
Thefe  Plants  are  preferved  for  Va- 
riety, by  fuch  as  are  curious  inBbcotic 
Plants. 

The  Seeds  of  the  third  Sort  of 
Nickar-tree  were  brought  from  C*- 
nada,  where  it  grows  to  a  Tree  of 
great  Size.  Thefe  were  raifed  at 
Pari  J,  in  the  Royal  Garden,  where 
they  thrive  in  the  open  Air,  and 
produce  Suckers  from  their  Roots; 
by  which  they  have  been  propa- 
gated, and  difperfed  into  fome  cu- 
rious Gardens;  but,  at  prefent,  it 
is  very  rare  in  England;  being  only 
in  the  curious  Gardens  of  the  late 
Duke  of  Richmond,  at  Goodvjood  in 
Suffcx  I  and  one  Plant  in  the  Phy- 
iic-garden  at  Chelfea,  which  his  lace 

Grace 


BO 

Or^ce  was  pleafed  to  communicate 
in  the  Year  1750.  but  as  this  Tree 
wuttiplies  fall  by  Suckers,  we  may 
kope  to  have  it  gommon,  in  a  few 
Years,  in  the  Englijh  Gardens ;  efpe- 
cialiy  as  it  is  hardy  enough  to  reiift 
the  greateft  Cold  of  our  Winters  in 
the  open  Air. 

BONTIA,  Barbados  wild  Olive, 
nmigo. 

The  CbaraBtri  are ; 

It  hath  a  perfonated  Flcfwer^  con* 

ffi^^Z  ^f  ^'  ^'^f*  'whofe  upper  Lip 
is  tre3 ;  the  under  Lip  is  di^vided  into 
three  Parts:  from  out  of  the  Cup 
arifes  the  Point  a  I,  fixed  like  a  Nail 
in  the  hinder  Part  of  the  Flofweri 
'which  aftertvard  becomes  an  emal 
fruity  luhich  is  fofi^  and  full  of 
Juice ;  in  'which  is  contained  one  oh' 
long  Shelly  inclofing  a  Nut  of  the  fame 
Form, 

We  know  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  at  prefent ;  which  is, 

BoNTi  A  laureolit  facie,  Hort,  Elth* 
The  Barbados  wild  Olive. 

This  Plant  is  greatly  cultivated  in 
tiie  Gardens  at  Barbados^  for  make- 
ing  of  Hedges  ;  than  which  there 
is  not  a  more  proper  Plant  to  thrive 
in  thofe  hot  Countries,  it  being  an 
'  Ever-green,  and  of  a  quick  Growth. 
I  have  been  informed,  that  from 
Cuttings  planted  in  the  rainy  Sea^ 
fon,  when  they  have  immediately 
taken  Root,  there  has  been  a  com- 
.t>lete  Hedge,  four  or  five  Feet  high, 
m  eighteen  Months.  And  as  this 
Plant  will  very  well  bear  cutting, 
ft  is  formed  into  a  very  clofe  thick 
Hedge,  which  makes  a  beautiful  Ap- 
pearance. In  England  it  is  prcfervcd 
in  Stoves,  with  feveral  curious  Plants 
of  the  fame  Country.  It  may  be 
railed  from  Seeds,  which  ihould  be 
fown  on  an  Hot- bed  early  in  the 
Spring,  that  the  Plants  may  acquire 
Strength  before  Winter.  When  the 
Plants  are  come  up,. they  mull  be 


B  o 

tranfplanted  oat  each  into  a  feft« 
rate  Halfpeny  Pot  filled  with  frefli 
light  Earth,  and  plunged  into  a  mo» 
derate  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark; 
obferving  to  water  and  fhade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root ;  after 
which,  they  muft  have  a  large  Share 
of  Air  in  warm  Weather,  and  be 
often  refreihed  with  Water.      la. 
Winter  they  muft  be  placed  in  the 
Stove,  where  they  (hould  have  a 
moderate  Degree  of  Warmth,  and 
will  often  require  Water;    but  it 
muil  not  be  given  to  them  in  too 
great   Quantities,   left  it  rot  their 
tender  Roots.      In  Summer   cbe^ 
muft  have  a  gre^t  Share  of  Air; 
but  will  not  do  well,  if  expofed 
abroad  :  fo  that  they  fliould  always 
remain  in  the  Stove,  among  Plants 
which  require  a  great  Share  of  Ak; 
which  may  be  admitted  by  opening 
the  Glafifes  in  very  hot  Weather. 
With  this  Management,  thefe  Phints 
will  produce  Flowers  and  Fruit,  ia 
two  or    three  Years,    from   Seed. 
They  may  alfobe  propagated  by 
Cuttings ;  which  fhould  be  planted 
in  the  Spring,  before  the  Plants  have 
begun  to  (hoot.     Thefe  muft  be  put 
into  Pots  filled  with  rich  light  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  a  moderate  Hot- 
bed {  obferving  to  water  and  fhade 
them  until  they  have  taken  Root; 
after  which  they  muft  be  treated  as 
hath  been  dire^ed  for  the  feedling 
Plants.     Thefe  Plants,  being  ever- 
green, and  growing  in  a  pyramidal 
Form,  make  a  pretty  Variety  in  the 
Stove,  amongft  other  Exotic  Plants. 

BONUS    HENRICUS.      Fidt 
Chenopodium. 

BORBONIA. 

The  Chara^ers  are; 

It  hath  an  open  beli-Jbaped  Flower 

of  one  Leaf  fwhieh  is  divided  into 

fix  Parts  J  and  is  of  an  irregular  Form 

at  the  Bafei  frosu  the  Bottom   of 

'-Jihigb  ari/es  the  Pointnl,  which  af 

ifi-ward 


B  O 

itrward  turns  U  a  Fruit  Jhaped  liki 
mn  Ae9mi    nvbicb  iSvidn  into  tnM 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  RotiBoniA /m^Mffngo  nigr^p 
tafyct  fccitu^,  Plnm.  Thisiscailed 
bhick-berried  Bay,  in  Carolina. 

2.  BoRBONiA  fmSmglohfonigro^ 
t^yct^H/iridi  rubente,  Plam.  Round 
Uack-berried  Borbonia. 

3.  Borbonia  fruSu  •bhmgo^  ca- 
fycf  iriridi.  Homfi.  Borbonia  with 
an  oblong  Fruit,  and  a  green  Cup. 

Thefe  three  Sorts  were  foand  by 
Jk.Heuftnmy  in  the  liland  of  Cuba^ 
from  whence  he  brought  their  Seeds. 
The  two  liri):  were  difcovered  by 
Fatto  Plumier^    in  the  Ifland  of 
MorttwM.     The  Ml   of  thefe  is 
pretty  corambit  in  South  Carolina^ 
iram  whence  the  Seeds  were  brought 
hjytt.Cfitefiy  to  England  i  where 
maay  of  the  Pliuits  have  been  raifed. 
Hus  Sort  is  too  tender  to  live  thro^ 
the  Winter  in  the  open  Air,  unlefs 
it  b  planted  in  a  very  warm  Situation : 
for  im  thofe  which  were  planted  in 
tike  fiill  Ground,  before  the  Year 
1740.  were  deftroyed  by  the  FroSt 
that  Winter:   but  they  will  thrive 
in  a  common  Green-houfe  in  Win- 
ter; and  in  Summer  they  may  be 
placed  in  the  open  Air,  with  other 
hardy  Exotic  Plants.     The  Seeds  of 
tlus  Sort  ihould  be  fown  in  Pots 
€lWd  with  light  Earthy  and  plunged 
opoB  a  moderate  Hot-bed,  to  bring 
them  up,  otherwife  they  will  remain 
h  long  time  in  the  Ground;    and 
thofe  Plants  which  come  up,  will  be 
^weak;  ib  will  be  in  Danger 
of  being  deftroyed    the  following 
Winter,  unlefs  Care   be  taken  to 
{sard  diem  fVom  Froft  and  Damps, 
pe  Seeds  of  this  Sort  will  often  lie 
in  the  Ground  a  whole  Year  before 
'f^  Plants  will  come  up :  therefore 
^Vot&lhoald  be  (heltered  under  a 

Ftane  die  folUwisg  Wiaier,  and^ 


B  O 

in  the  Spring,  put  opon  another  Hot^ 
bed,^to  force  up  the  Plants.  When 
they'come  up,  they  may  remain  in 
the  fame  Pots  till  the  following 
Spring ;  when  they  ihould  be  each 
tranfplanted  into  a  feparate  fmall 
Pot ;  and  if  they  are  plunged  upon 
a  freih  Hot-bed,  to  bring  them  for- 
ward, it  will  be  of  great  Ufe  to 
the  Plants ;  for  they  are  of  flow 
Growth  during  the  two  firft  Yean; 
but  after  they  have  acquired  Strength^ 
they  will  make  conliderable  Shoota 
every  Year. 

The  other  Sorts  are  yet  more  ten^ 
der  than  this ;  therefore  they  will 
require  a  greater  Care,  efpecially 
while  they  are  young :  but  after 
they  have  acquired  Strength,  they 
will  live  thro'  the  Winter  in  a  good 
Green-houfe :  but,  till  then,  it  will 
be  proper  to  place  them  in  a  Stove^ 
where  there  is  a  gentle  Fire  kept  in 
Winter;  becaufe  thefe  Plants  are 
very  fubje^  to  be  injured  by  the 
Damps  of  the  Winter. 

All  thefe  Sorts  retain  their  Leaves 
in  Winter;  therefore  are  very  or- 
namental Plants,  in  a  Green-houfe: 
and,  as  fome  Plants  of  the  firil  Sort 
have  produced  Flowers  for   fome 
Years  in  EnglanJ,  we  may  hope  to 
fee  them  produce  Fruit  here  foon* 
BORRAGO,  Borr^ige. 
The  Chara^ers  are; 
7he  Leaves  are  broad  and  rough : 
the  floueers  confifi  of  one  Leaf  art 
of  a  Wheel'Jhafej   and  divided  into 
fivt  Segments  almoft  to  the  Bottom^ 
vubicb   end  in  Jharp  Points  like  a 
Star:    the  Apices  in  the  Middle  of 
the  Flower  are  fiarf -pointed^  and 
adhere  together  :  the  Seeds  are  roughs 
and  appear  like  a  Viper's  Head» 
The  Species  ^rc, 
I.    BoRRAGO    fiorihus    ccgruleis, 
J,  B.    The  common  Borrage,  with 
blue  Flowers. 

9.  Boa* 


BO 

«.  BoitRACO^r^  falleJcenUy  v/m 
mui  fuafoe-rubinte,  Toum,  The  com- 
mon fiorragey  with  a  pale  rofe-co- 
loured  Flower. 

3.  BoRRAGO  florihus  a/Sis,  J.  B, 
The  common  Borrage,  with  a  white 
Flower. 

4.  Bo RR AGO  Crefica,  Jlon  n/lexo 
§legantiffimo  fuanft'Tuhente.  7".  Cor. 
tlretan  Horrage,  with  an  elegant  foft 
led  reflexed  Flower. 

5.  BoRRAGO  Omfiantlnofolitana^ 
Jhre  reflexo  cceruUo^  calyee  'veficario, 
T.Cor.  BorrsLge  of  Confiantitiop/e,  with 

*  a- blue  reflexed  Flower^  and  a  fwell- 
ifig  Empalement. 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 
all  Parts  of  England^  being  often 
found  upon  Dunghils,  and  in  public 
Roads,  where  the  Seeds  have  been 
Icattered  from  Gardens,  but  is  hardly 
a  native  Plant  of  our  Ifland :  how- 
ever, it  is  fo  far  naturalized  amongft 
vs,  that  where-ever  it  is  fufFered  to 
Hand  till  its  Seeds  are  dropt  upon 
the  Ground,  there  will  always  be  a 
plentiful  Crop. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Plant  may  be 
fown  in  the  Spring  or  Autumn,  foon 
after  they  are  ripe :  it  will  grow  in 
aim  oft  any  Soil,  but  beft  in  that 
which  is  dry.  This  Plant  is  often 
ufed  in  the  Kitchen,  and  for  cool 
Tankards  in  Summer-time,  and  the 
Flowers  are  ufed  in  medicinal  Cor- 
dials. 

The  white  and  rofe  -  coloured 
Flowers  are  accidental  Varieties  of 
the  common  Sort ;  but  the  Seeds  of 
either  Sort,  being  fown  feparately, 
will  produce  fome  Plants  of  the  fame 
kind :  there  is  alfo  a  Variety  of  this 
with  a  variegated  Leaf. 

The  fifth  and  fixth  Sorts  were 
difcovered  by  Dr.  Toumefortj  one 
in  the  Ifland  of  CamMa,  and  the  other 
at  CanftantinopU  \  from  whence  he 
fent  the  Seeds  to  the  Royal  Garden 
9t  Paris,  where  they  grew,  and  have 


B  O 

fince  been  commonicated  to  fevml 
other  Gardens :  thefe  Plants  may  be 
propagated  by  Seeds,  as  alio  by 
parting  their  Roots :  the  latter  is 
ofually  pradifed  in  this  Country, 
becaofe  their  Seeds  are  fekiom  per- 
fedcd  here:  the  beft  time  for  part- 
ing'their  Roots  is  about  the  End  of 
Amgufty  that  they  may  take  Root  be- 
fore Winter :  if  thefe  are  planted  ia 
a  warm  Border,  they  will  endure  the 
Cold  of  our  ordinary  Winters  yeri 
well ;  but  ibme  of  them  fliould  be 
planted  in  Pots,  that  they  may  be 
iheltered  under  a  Frame  in  Winter, 
for  fear  thofe  in  the  open  Air  flioold 
be  deftroyed,  which  in  fevere  Win- 
ters they  very  often  are :  thefe  Plants 
are  commonly  preferved  in  Botanic 
Gardens  for  the  (ake  of  Variety;  and, 
for  the  Oddnefs  of  their  Flowers,  a 
few  Plants  of  each  Sort  may  have 
Place  in  the  Flower-gardens. 

BOSIA. 

The  CbaraSers  are  ; 

Tbt  Flower  has  no  Petals :  the  Em" 
pmlememt  is  divided  into  foue  Parts : 
this  afterfward  inclofes  the  Embrpf 
nvhich  becomes  a  Jucculent  Berry f  of 
taining  one  Seed, 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  diii 
Plant;  v/'z. 

Bo  SI  A.  Lin,  Corol,  Arbor  bacci' 
fera  Canarienjis^fyringa  caeruLseft* 
liis^  fmrpurantibns  vents,  frudu  mt' 
nofyreno^  Terva^mora  Hi/fanernm. 
Pluk.  Pbyt.  Commonly  called  Gold- 
en-rpd-tfee. 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  of  the 
Iflands  of  the  Canaries  ;  and  it  hath 
alfo  been  fince  found  in  fome  of  the 
Britijo  Iflands  in  Atnerica  :  it  was 
firfl  brought  into  England  from  the 
Canaries,  and  has  been  long  an  In* 
habitant  of  the  Englijh  Gardens; 
but  I  have  not  as  yet  fcen  any  of 
thefe  Plants  in  Flower,  tho'  I  have 
had  many  old  Plants  under  my  Care 
;iear  thirty  Years :  it  makes  a  pretty 

£rong 


B  R 

snMig  woody  Shniby  growing  to  be 
a  Seem  as  liirg^  as  a  middling  Per- 
Ion's  Leg:  the  Branches  come  oat 
rery  irregular,  and  make  confidera- 
bk  Shoots  in  Sommer,  which  fhoald 
be  fliortened  every  Spring,  to  pre- 
ftnre  die  Heads  of  die  Plants  in  any 
tolerable  Order :  thefe  Brancher  re- 
tain th«r  Leaves  till  toward  the 
Spring,  when  they  h^  away,  and 
new  Leaves  are  produced  foon  after : 
this  may  be  propagated  by  Cuttings 
planted  in  the  Spring,  and  the  Plants 
amft  be  honied  in  Winter,  being  too 
tender  to  live  through  the  Winter, 
in  the  open  Air,  in  tUs  Country. 

BOTRYS.   ^/^  Chenopodium. 

BOX-TREE.    /"iV^Buxus. 

BRABEJUM,  J/ricoM  Almond, 

Tlie  CiaraBers  are  t 

ThiFlmwir  has  no  Mmpaliment^  mid 
tmsfJU  rf  famr  mmrr^w  Petals ^  ivbich 
Jtm  m  ^ssti^  mad  turn  hack  at  tbi 
Brim  :  im  the  Middk  mifis  the  Orz- 
mm^  attended  ly  four  StMmin2L\  thi 
Ovasy  affermoard  heeomis  ^fififilky 
fhnV,  inchfing  ene  ontal  Nsit. 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  this 
Pfaukt;  offK. 

BaAaEjuM.  Hsrt.  Cliff,  Amygda^ 
lesMthiefica^  fruBu  hoUferice,Br€pt. 
Cent.  j(ft^a^  or  Ethiopian  AiXDondf 
with  a  filky  Fruit. 

This  Tree  is  a  Native  of  the 
Country  about  the  Cafe  of  Good  Hope, 
from  whence  it  was  hrft  introduced 
hito  the  curious  Gardens  in  Holland, 
and  has  fince  been  diftribnted  into 
aumy  Parts  ofEnrope, 

In  this  Country  it  feldom*  grows 
aix>ve  eight  or  nine  Feet  high ;  but 
ia  its  native  Soil  it  is  a  Tree  of  mid* 
dUng  Gr0wth » though,  as  it  mud  be 
kept  in  Pots  or  Tubs  in  this  Cbun- 
try,  being  too  tender  to  live  through 
dMB  Winter  in  the  open  Air,  we  can- 
not cspefi  to  fee  tbtm  grow  to  any 
peat  Size. 

Vpi.  I. 


BR 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Cur 
tings  or  Layers;  but  the  Cutting* 
ihould  be  planted  in  Jpril^Knd  plac^ 
on  a  moderate  Hot*bed,  other  wife 
they  will  not  take  Root :  the  Layers 
are^often  two  Years  ^bicfore  they 
make  Roots  (Irong  enough  to  be 
taken  from  the  old  Plants :  when  the 
Branches  are  laid  down,  it  will  be  a 
good  Method  to  flit  them  at  a  Joint 
(as  is  pra£lifed  in  laying  Carnations), 
which  will  promote  their  taking 
Root. 

The  Plants  muft  have  a  good 
Green-houie  in  Winter  i  but  in  Sum- 
mer (hould  be  fet  abroad  in  a  (hel- 
tered  Situation,  where  they  will 
thrive,  and  fometimes  produce  Flow- 
ers ;  fo  will  make  a  pretty  Variety 
among  other  Exotic  Plants. 

BRANCA  URSlNA/^/V/Acau- 
thus. 

BRASSICA,  The  Cabbage. 
The  Cbaraffers  are ; 

The  Leaves  are  large^flejhy^  and  of 

a  glaneoHS  Colonr  :  the  Flo^vers  eon- 

JSfi  of  four  Leases ^  txfbicb  are  fuc* 

cuded  by  long  taper  Pods,  cojttaimng 

ffueral  round  acrid  Seeds. 

The  Species  zit ; 

I.'  Brass ic A  capitata  alba.  C.S» 
The  common  white  Cabbage. 

t.  Brassica  capitata  rstbra,  C. 
B.    The  red  Cabbage. 

3.  Brassica  capttata  alba  minor 
Mufco^itica.  H  A.  The  Ruffian  Cab* 
bage. 

4.  Brassica  cantata  alba  com^ 
preffa.  Boirh.  hd.  The  flat-iidcd 
Cabbage. 

J.  Brassica  capitata  alba  pjra* 
psidalis.  The  Sugar-loa£  Cabbage. 

6.  Brassica  capitata  alba  pr^* 
cox.  The  early  Batterfea  Qibbage. 

7.  Brassica  Sabauda  bybema. 
Lob.  Ic.  The  white  Safvoy  Cabbage. 

8.  Brassica  capitata  nnridis  Sa* 
banda.  Boerh,  bsd.  The  green  Savoy 
Cabbage, 

O  ^.  Brai* 


B  R 

9.  iu. AUic A  fimiriata.CB.  The 
Boorcole. 

10.  Brass ic A  eapitata  nnrtfcens 
halUm  crijpa.  Mtrnt.  Hift.  The 
green  Broccoli. 

11.  Bjlassica  Italita  Br§c(9U 
iiaa.     The  Italimn  Froccoli. 

12.  Br  A  SSI  c  A  radict  maptfirm, 
Tpum,     The  tamep- rooted   Cab- 

.  13.  Brassica  cauliflora^    C.  B. 
The  Caulifiower. 

14.  Brassica  gwgyhdes,  C,  B, 
A    The  Tarnep-cabbage. 

.    f  e.  Br.assica  afparagUti  crij^a, 
t.  B.  P.    Curled  Colewort 

16.  Brassica  peregrina  mn/cbum 
oUns.  H.  R.  Par.  The  Muik-cab- 
bage.. 

17.  Brassica  mariiiMa  arhrea^ 
ftu  proarior  ramo/a.  Mor,  Hift, 
Branching  Tree-cabbage  from  the 
Sea-coaft. 

18.  Brassica  rugofa^  Ungioribus 
ffiiis.  y.  B.    Brown  Broccoli. 

19.  Brassica  arvntfis.  C.  B.  P. 
Common  Colewort. 

20;  Brassica  Alfina  perinnis, 
Tourn.    Perennial  J/pifie  Colewort. 

21.  Brassica  eampeftris  per  folia' 
ta^  Jim  alb:  CM,  P.  Perlbliated 
wild  Cabbagei  with  a  White  Flower. 

22.  Brassica  camptftris  perfolia- 
ta,  /bre purpurea,  C.  B.  P,  Pcrfo- 
Kated  wild  Cabbage,  with  a  purple 
Flower. 

The  common  \  hite,  red,  flat,  and 
long-fided  Cabbages  are  chieHy  cul« 
tivated  for  Winter  ufe :  the  Seeds  of 
Chefe  Sons  muft  be  fbwn  in  the  Mid- 
*  die  of  Mitrcbi  in  Beds  of  good  frefii 
Earth ;  and  in  Jpn'l,vihsn  the  young 
Plants  will  have  about  eight  Leaves, 
they  (hoald  be  pricked  out  into  (hady 
Borders,  about  three  Inches  fquare  ; 
that  they  may  acquire  Strength,  and 
to  prevent  thei^  growing  long- 
ihankM. 


B  R 

Aboat  the  Middle  of  Jlof,  ytm 
maft  tranfplant  them  oat,  where  they 
are  to  remain  for  good  (which,in  tbs 
Kitchen-gardens  near  Lombn^  is  com-* 
monly  between  Cauliflowers,  Arti- 
chokes, &r.  at  about  two  Feet  and 
an  half  Diftance  in  the  Rows) ;  bat 
if  they  are  planted  for  a  full  Crop 
in  a  dear  Spot  of  Groond,  the  Di- 
ftance  from  RoHr  to  Row  flioald  be 
three  Feet  and  an.  hal(  and  in  the 
Rows  two  Feet  and  an  half  afonder: 
if  the  Seafon  (hould  prove  dry  when 
they  are  tranfplanted  Out,  yoa  muA 
water  them  every  other  Evening  on^ 
til  they  have  taken  frefli  Root ;  and 
afterwards^  as  the  Plants  advance  in 
Height,  you  (hould  draw  the  Earth 
about  their  Stems  with  an  Hoe, 
which  will  keep  the  Earth  moiftaboot 
their  Roots,  and  greatly  ftrcngthen 
the  Plants :  you  mud  alfo  obferve  to 
keep  them  clear  from  Weeds,  which 
are  apt  to  draw  the  Plants  up  tall  (if 
fufFer*d  to  grow  amongft  them),  and 
often  fpoil  them.  * 

Thefe  Cabbages  will  fome  of  them 
be  fit  for  Ufe  foon  after  Miehatlwuts^ 
aod  will  continue  until  Fibrmary^  if 
they  are  not  deftroyed  by  bad  Wea- 
ther :  to  prevent  which,  the  Gar- 
deners near  London  pull  up  their  Cab- 
bages in  November^  and  trench  their 
Ground  up  in  Ridges,  laying  their 
Cabbages  againft  their  Ridges  as 
dofe  as  poiHble  on  one  Side,  bury- 
ing their  Stems  in  the  Ground  :  in 
this  manner  they  let  them  remain 
till  9.hcT  ^CbrtflnuUf  when  they  cot 
them  for  the  Market ;  and  althoneh 
the  outer  Part  of  the  Cabbage  be  £- 
cayM  (as  is  often  the  Cale  in  very 
wet  or  hard  Winters),  yet,  if  the  Cab- 
bages were  large  and  hard  when  laidi 
the  Iniide  will  remain  found. 

The  Rujfitin  Cabbage  was  former** 
ly  in  greater  Efteem  than  at  prefent, 
it  being  now  only  to  be  found  in 

Gentlemens 


6  R 

Gentlemens  Gardens,  who  cultivate 
it  for  their  own  Ufe,  and  is  rarely 
crer  brotight  to  the  Market.     This 
nuft  be  Town  in  the  Spring  of  the 
Year,  and  managed  as  thofe  before 
dire&edy  with  this  Difference  only, 
that  thefe  jnuft  be  fooner  planted  out 
for  good,  and  muft  have  ah  open 
dear  Spot  of  Ground,  and  require 
much  Icfs  Diftance  every  Way;  for  it 
is  a  very  hard  fmall  Cabbage.  Thefe 
w31  be  £t  for  Ufe  in  July  or  jtugufi  j 
bat  will  not  continue  long  before 
they  will  break,  and  run  up  to  Seed. 
The  beft  Method  to  have  thefe  Cab- 
bages good,  is  to  procure  freAi  Seeds 
from  abroad  every  Year  s  for  it  is 
apt  to  degenerate  in  England  in  a  few 
Years. 

The  early  Haitnfea  and  Sugar- 
loaf  Cabbages  are  commonly  fown 
for  Summer- ufe,  and  are  what  the 
Gardeners  about  London  commonly 
call  Micbatlmiis  Cabbages.  The  Sea* 
fon  for  fowing  of  thefe  is  about  the 
End  of  July^  in  an  open  Spot  of 
Ground  ;  and  when  the  Plants  have 
got  eight  Leaves,  you  muft  prick 
them  oat  into  Beds  at  about  three 
Inches  Diftaoce  every  Way,  that  the 
Plants  may  erow  ftrong  and  ihort- 
ihank*d ;  and  in  the  Middle  of  Odo- 
iiryon  ihould  plant  them  out  for 
good :  theDilUnce  that  thefe  require 
is,  three  Feet  Row  from  Row,  and 
two  Feet  and  an  half  afunder  in  the 
Rows.  The  Gardeners  near  London 
commonly  plant  thefe  Cabbages  up- 
on the  fame  Spot  of  Ground  where 
their  Winter- fpinach  is  fown;  fothat 
when  the  Spinach  is  clearM  off  in  the 
spring,  the  Ground  will  have  a  Crop 
of  Cabbages  upon  it }  you  muft 
therefore  clear  off  the  Spinach  juft 
round  each  Plant  early  in  the  Spring, 
that  with  an  Hoe  you  may  draw  the 
Earth  up  to  the  Stem  ;  and  when  all 
yoar  Spinach  is  clearM  pff,  which  is 
Mnunonly  in  jfyril,  you  muff  hoc 


fi  R 

down  all  the  Weeds,  and  draw  up 
the  Earth  again  about  your  Cabbage- 
planes. 

In  May^  if  vour  Plants  were  of 
the  early  Kind,  they  will  turn  in 
their  Leaves  for  Cabbaging ;  at 
which  time,  the  Gardeners  ne^r  Lon^ 
don,  in  order  to  obtain  them  a  little 
fooner,  tie  in  their  Leaves  dofe  with 
a  ilender  Oiler  twig  to  blanch  theif 
Middle  ;  by  which  means  they  have 
them  at  leaft  a  Fonnight  fooner  than 
they  could  have,  if  they  were  left  na» 
tied. 

The  early  Satter/ea  Cabbage  be* 
ing  the  firft,  we  (hould  choole  (if 
for  a  Gentleman's  Ufe]  to  plant  tho 
fewer  of  them,  and  a  greater  Quan- 
tity of  the  Sugar-loaf  Kind,  which 
comes  after  them ;  for  the  Batterfea 
Kind  will  not  fupply  you  long,  they 
generally  cabbaging  apace  when  they 
begin,  and  as  foon  grow  hard,  and 
burft  open  :  but  the  Sugar-loaf  Kind 
is  longer  before  it  comes,  and  is  as 
(low  in  Its  cabbaging ;  and,  being  ot 
an  hollow  Kind,  will  continue  good 
for  a  long  time.    I  have  known  a 
large  Quarter  of  Ground,  which  was 
planted  with  this  Sort  of  Cabbage 
for  Market- ufe,  which  hath  afforded 
a  Supply  for  near  three  Months  ^to- 
gether.   This,  though  of  fingolar 
Service  to  ^  Gentleman*s  Garden,  is, 
not  fo  much  for  the  Advantage  of 
the  Market-gardener,  who  loves  to 
have  his  Ground  clearM  fooner,  that 
he  may  have  another  Crop  upon  it^ 
of  Celery,  Endive,  bfc.   which  is 
more  to  bis  Purpofe ;  for  they,  pay« 
ing  large  Rents  for  their  Land,  are 
obliged  to  have  as  many  Crops  iu  M 
Year  from  it  as  poffible. 

Although  I  before  have  advifed 
the  planting  out  of  your  Cabbages 
for  goodinO<^0^^,  yet  the  Sugaiv 
loafKind  may  be  planted  out  in  Fc* 
bruary^  and  will  fucceed  as  well  as 
if  planted  earlier^  with  this  Differ- 
O  a  eoce 


BR 

oice  only,  that  they  wtUbt  Uter  be* 
fore  they  cabbage.  Yott  (hduld  alfo 
^ferve  fome  Plants  of  the  Baittrfut 
Kind  in  fome  well-flieltered  Spot  of 
Ground,  to  fupply  your  Planutioo, 
in  cafe  of  a  Defed;  for  in  mild  Win- 
ters many  of  the  Plants  are  apt  to 
ran  to  Seed,  and,  in  fevere  Winters, 
they  are  often  deftroyed. 
^.  The  ^aivvf  Cabbages  are  propa- 
gated for  Winter-ufe,  as  being  ge- 
nerally edeemed  the  better  when 
pinched  by  the  Froft :  thefe  mult  he 
town  about  die  Beginning  of  Afril^ 
.  and  treated  after  the  manner  as  was 
direded  for  the  common  white  Cab- 
bage ;  with  this  Difference,  that  thefe 
may  be  planted  at  a  defer  Diftance 
than  thofe ;  two  Feet  and  an  half 

Snare  will  be  fufiicient.  Thefe  are 
ways  much  the  better  when  plant- 
ed in  an  open  Situation,  which  is 
clear  from  Trees  and  Hedges :  for 
in  clofe  Places  they  are  very  fobje^ 
to  be  eaten  almoA  up  by  Caterpillers, 
and  other  Vermin,  efpecially  if  the 
Autumn  prove  dry. 

The  Boorcole  may  be  alfo  treated 
in  the  fiime  manner^  but  need  not 
be  planted  above  one  Foot  fquare : 
dioe  arfe  never  eaten  till  the  Froft 
hath  midex'ed  them  tender ;  for 
otherwife  they  are  tough  and  bitter. 

The  Seeds  of  the  Broccoli  (of 
which  there  a^  feveral  Kinds ;  ws. 
the  Rtman,  i^eapoHtan^  and  black 
Broccoli,  with  fome  others  ;  but  the 
tUman  is  generally  preferred  to  them 
all)  fhoold  be  fown  about  the  Mid- 
dle or  Latter-end  of  May  ^  in  a  moift 
Soil  I  and  when  the  Plants  are  grown 
to  have  eight  Leaves,  tranfplant  them 
into  Beds  (as  was  diredled  for  the 
common  Cabbage)  $  and  toward  the 
Middle  or  tatter  eoA  of  Jmly  thev 
will  be  fit  to  plant  out  for  good, 
which  fliould  be  into  fome  well-lhel- 
tered  Spot  of  Ground,  butjic^  un- 
der the  Drip  of  Trecf :  the 


fiR 

thefe  reqoire  is  about  a  Foot  and  tf 
half  every  Way.  The  Soil  in  whica 
they  fliould  be  planted  ought  t6  be 
rather  light  than  heavy,  fuch  as  aro 
the  Kitchen  gardens  near  Lmdm  :  if 
your  Plants  fucceed  well  (as  thert 
will  be  litde  Reafon  to  doubt,  uiileft 
the  Winter  prove  extreme  hard),  they 
will  begin  to  fliew  their  fmall  Heads, 
which  are  fomewhat  like  a  Cauli- 
flower, but  of  a  purple  Colour,  about 
the  Beginning  of  Decembtr^  and  will 
continue  eaubie  till  the  End  of 
Mmreb, 

'  The  brown  Broccoli  is  by  many 
Perfont  greatly  efleemed,  tbo*  it  doth 
not  deferve  a  Place  in  the  Kitchen- 
garden,  where  the  Rtman  Broccoli 
can  be  obtained,  which  is  much 
fweetei*,  and  will  continue  longer 
in  Seafon :  indeed  the  brown  Sort 
is  much  hardier,  fo  that  it  will  thrive 
in  the  coldefl  Situations,  where  the 
Raman  Broccoli  is  fometimes  de- 
ftroyed in  very  hard  Winters.  The 
brown  Sort  fliould  be  fown  in  ^prii^ 
and  managed  as  hath  been  directed 
for  the  common  Cabbage,  and 
fliould  be  planted  at  the  fame  Di- 
ftance,  which  is  about  two  Feet  and 
an  hsdf  afunder.  This  wiH  grow 
very  tall ;  fo  fliould  have  the  &rth 
drawn  up  to  their  Stems  as  they  ad- 
vance in  Height.  This  doth  not 
form  Heads  foperfe£l  as  the  Rmtuoi 
Broccoli ;  the  Stems  and  Hearts  of 
the  Plants  are  the  Part  which  is 
eaten. 

The  RwtoM  Broccoli,  if  well  ma- 
naged, will  have  large  Heads,  which 
appear  in  the  Qcntre  of  the  Plants, 
like  Clufters  of  Buds.  Thefe  Heads 
fliould  be  cut  before  they  run  up  to 
Seed,  with  about  four  or  five  Inches 
of  the  Stem  i  the  Skin  of  thefe  Stems 
fliould  be  flripped  oiF,  before  they 
are  boiled :  thefe  will  be  very  tender, 
and  little  inferior  to  Afparagus.  After 
the  firft  Headf  are  cut  off»  chexe  will 


BR  BR 

be  4  pezt  Namber  of  Side-flioots    ap)«  then,  yon  (hoqld  cut  dien  oC 

Eoduped  from  the  Stems,  which  will  with  aboot  foar  Inchei  of  the  tender 
re  fmall  H€s4s  to  them,  but  are  Stem  to  them ;  then  ftrip  off  the 
fiiil  as  well  flaTOored  as  the  large  outer  Skin  of  the  $tem,  and,  after 
Heads.  Thefe  Shoots  will  continue  having  wafhed  them,  ^boi)  tfajon  in  a 
good  until  the  Middle  ofJfn/,v/hcn  t^n  Linen-doth  (as  is  pra£tifed  for 
the  Afparagas  will  comem  Plenty  Cauliflowers},  and  ferve  them  ap  with 
to  fopply  the  Table.  Butter,  btc,  and,  if  they  are  of  a 

The  Naf/ej  Broccoli  hath  white  nght  Kiud»  they  will  be  tenderer 
Heads,  very  like  thofe  of  the  Cauli-  than  any  Cauliflowers,  though  very 
flower,  and  eats  fo  like  it,  as  not  to  like  them  in  Taile. 
be  difbngui/hed  from  it :  this  is  much  The  Turnep-  cabbage  was  former- 
tenderer  than  the  Roman  Broccoli ;  ly  more  cultivated  in  England  thafl 
k  is^not  fo  much  cultivated  in  Eng-  at.prefent;  for  fince  other  Sorts  have 
itaidi  for  as  the  Gardens  near  ton-  been  introdttced  which  are  much  bet« 
A«  generally  produce  great  Plenty  ter  flavour^,  this  Sort  has  been  ne^ 
of  lace  Cauliflowers,  which,  if  the  gledted.  There  are  fome  Perfont 
Scafon  prove  favourable,  will  conti-  who  efleem  this  Kind  for  Soups ;  bat 
Aae  till  Chrifimai  ;  the  NafUs  Broc-  it  is  generally  too  ffax>ng  for  mofk 
coli,  comiog  at  the  fame  time,  is  not  EngUfl?  Palates,  and  is  feldom  good 
ib  valuable.  but  in  hard  Winters,  which  will  ren* 

Be£des  this  firft  Crop  of  Broccoli  der  it  tender,  and  Ids  ftrong. 
(which  is  ufually  fown  the  Middle  It  may  be  propagated  hy  ipwing 
or  Latter-end  oi  May)^  it  will  be  the  Seeds  in  A^rr^^,  on  a  Bed  of  freih 
proper  to  fow  another  Crop  the  Be-  light  Earth  f  and  when  the  Plants 
tiiuiing  of  Jnfyt  which  come  in  to  lire  come  up  about  an  Inch  high,  they 
rappiy  the  Table  the  Latter-end  of  fhonld  be  tranfplanted  out  into  a 
ACttrc^,  and  the  Beginning  of  Jfrii;  ihady  Border,  at  about  two  Inches 
»nd  being  very  young,  will  be  ex-  Diflance  every  Way,  obferving  to 
tumdy  tender  and  fweet.  ^    water  them  until  diey  have  taken 

In  order  to  (ave  good  Seeds  of  Root  $  after  which  time  tbey  will 
tkis  Kind  of  Broccoli  in  Engla*id^  you  require  no  other  Culture,  but  to  keep 
tould  referve  a  few  of  ^e  largeft  them  clear  from  Weeds,  unlefs  the 
Heada  of  the  firft  Crop, which  fliould  Seafon  ihould  prove  extremely  dry  i  • 
be  let  remain  to  run  up  to  Seed ;  and  in  which  Cafe  it  will  be  proper  to 
«n  tiie  Under-fhoots  ihould  be  con-  water  them  every  four  or  five  Days, 
^tly  dripped  off,  leaving  only  the  to  prevent  their  being  fainted  by  the 
main  Stem  to  flower  and  feed.  If  Mildew,  which  is  fobje6^  to  {t\tit 
this  be  duly  obferved,  and  no  other  thefe  Plants  in  verv  dry  Weather. 
Son  of  Cabbage  permitted  to  feed  The  Latter- enq  qf  A^^rjr,  or  th« 
near  them,  the  Seeds  will  be  as  good  Beginning  of  ^Wr,  thefe  Plants 
^  thofe  procured  from  abroad,  and  fhpu|d  be  tranfplanted  out  where 
tkc  Sort  may  be  preferved  in  Perfc-  they  are  to  i-emaib,  allowing  them 
«ion  many  Ye^rsi  two  Feet  DHlanCe  every  Way,  ob* 

.  The  Manner  pf  preparji^  theni  fe^pving  to  water  them  until  they 
fcr  the  Tabic  is  this ;  When  your  ,  have  taken  Root ;  and  as  their  Stems 
Heads  ^e  grown  to  their  full  Big-  advance^  the  Earth  fhould  be  drawn 
»rf«  (as  may  be  eafily  knpwn  by  up  to  them  with  an  Hoc,  which  will 
^^ir  diyii;)ing,and  beginning  to  run    prcieivc  the  Barth  jnoiil  about  their. 

O  3  Rooti^ 


B  R 

ltoots,tnd  prQVfpt  their  Stem?  frpm 
drying,  and  growing  woody,  fo  tliat 
the  Plants  will  grow  more  freely.  In 
"Winter  they  will  be  jit  for  Ufe; 
l^heQ  they  mould  be  cut  oF,  and  the 
Stems  pulled  out  of  theGround,  and 
fhrown  away,  as  being  good  for  no* 
fhing  after  tbe  Heads  are  cut  o£ 

The  curled  Colewort  is  more  ge- 
nerally efteemed  than  the  former. 
This  may  be  propagated  by  fowing 
the  Seeds  tbe  Beginning  of  Jiflj\ 
and  when  the  Plants  are  ftrong 
enough  for  cranlplantingythey  fhould 
be  planted  in  Rows  about  eight  or 
nine  Inches  afunder,  and  four  or  £ve 
Inches  Diilaoce  in  the  Rows :  this 
tVork  fhould  be  performed  at  a  moiCt 
time,  when  the  Plants  will  foop  tak^ 
Root,  and  require  no  farther  Care, 
thcfe  will  be  fit  for  Ufe  after  Chrift^ 
maj,  and  continue  good  until  Jfri/, 
to  that  they  are  very  ufeful  in  a  fa- 
mily. 

The  Muik-cabbage  hzfi,  through 
Negligence,  been  almoft  loft  in  Eftg- 
land^  though  for  eating  it  is  one  of 
the  beft  Kinds  we  have  •  but  is  ten* 
derer  than  many  other  Sorts,  fo  not 
profitable  for  Gardeners  who  fupply 
the  Markets  i  but  thofe  who  culd- 
vate  them  for  their  ownTabIe,ihouId 
make  Choice  of  this,  rather  than 
any  of  the  common  Cabbage ;  for  it 
19  always  loofer,  and  the  Leaves 
more  aifp  and  tender,  and  has  a 
moft  agreeable  muiky  Scent  when 
ciit.  This  may  be  propagated  in  the 
fame  manner  as  the  common  Cab- 
bage, and  (hould  be  allowed  the  fame 
Diftance :  it  will  be  fit  for  Ufe  in 
03ober^  NotutmieTf  and  Decemiir; 
but,  if  the  Winter  proves  hard,  thefe 
will  be  deftroyed  much  fooner  than 
the  common  Sort. 

The  branching  Se;i-cabbage  19 
found  wild  in  feveral  Pans  of  Fng^ 
iand^  on  the  Sea-coaft,  and  is  fomc- 
times  gathered  by  the  poor  Inhabit- 


BR 

ants  in  the  Spring,  and  eaten }  bat 
it  is  apt  tp  be  ftrong  and  bitter,  fo 
that  it  is  rarely  cultivated  for  Ufe  in 
the  Gardens. 

The  common  Colewort  is  now  al- 
moft  loft  near  Ltrndon^  where  their 
Markets  are  ufaally  fupplied  with 
Cabbage  or  Samoy  Pl^ts,  inftead  of 
tbem ;  and  thofe  being  tenderer,  and 
more  delic^ce,  are  better  worth  cat- 
tivatine  than  the  common  Colewort^ 
which  IS  ftronger,  and  better  able  to 
reflft  the  Cold  in  fevere  Winten, 
than  either  of  thofe,  but  is  not  nea^ 
fo  delicate.     And  fince  the  Wii^ter? 
In  England  have  been  generally  tem- 
perate of  late  Year!",  the  common 
Cabbage  2xA.Sanjoy  Plants  have  con* 
llantly  been  cultivated  by  the  Gar- 
deners near  London^  and  fold  in  th^ 
Markets  as  Coleworts :  indeed,where 
Farmers  ibw  Coleworts  to  feed  their 
Milch-cattle  in  the  Sprang,   whes^ 
there  is  a  Scarcity  of  Herbage,  the 
common  Colewort  is  to  be  preferr*d, 
as  being  fo  vtry  hardy,  that  no  FroS 
will  deftroy  it.     The  beft  Method 
to  cultivate  this  Plant  in  the  Fieldi 
is,  to  fow  the  Seeds  about  the  Be- 
ginning of  July^  choofing  a  moift^ 
Seafon,   which  will  bring  up  the 
Plants  in  about  ten  Days  or  a  Fort*. 
night :  the  Quantity  of  Seed  lor  an 
Acre  of  Land  is  nine  Pounds :  wheo' 
the  Plants  have  gotten  five  or  fix 
Leaves,  they  (hould  be  hoed,  as  it 
pra^tifed  for  Turneps,  cutting  down 
all  the  Weeds  from  amongft   the 
Plants,  and  alfo  thinning  the  Plants 
where  thev  are  too  thick ;   but  they 
fhould  be  kept  thicker  thanTurneps, 
becaufe  they  are  more  in  Danger  of 
being  deftroyed  by  the  Fly  :    thi* 
Work  fhould  be  performed  in  dry 
Weather,   that  the  Weeds  may  be 
killed  ;  for  if  it  fhould  prove  moift 
Toon  after,  the  Weeds  will  uke  Root 
again,  and  render  the  Work  of  little 
Ufe.    About  fix  Weeks  after,  the 

Plantf 


BR  B  It 

Fhnts  flieold  have  a  ftcond  Hoeing»  Weeds.  Tfaey  are  aonual  nant«» 
whidi,  if  carefully  performied  in  dry  and  perifli  whea  tfaey  have  perfe£te4 
Weather,  will  intirely  deftroy  the    their  Seeds. 

Weeda^  and  make  the  Ground  dean.  The  Manner  of  faving  the  Seeds 
fo  that  they  will  require  no  farther  of  all  the  beft  Sorts  of  Cabbages  is : 
(poltare  :  in  the  Spring  they  may  About  the  Middle  di  Noven^her  yott 
cither  be  dniwn  up  and  carried  out  ihould  make  choice  of  fome  of  your 
to  feed  the  Cattle,  or  they  may  be  beft  Cabbages,  which  you  ihould 
tttmed  in  to  feed  them  as  they  ftand ;  pull  up,  and  carry  to  ibme  Shed,  or 
but  the  former  Method  is  to  be  prp-  ether  covered  PIace,where  you  Ihould 
lerred,  becai:tfe  there  will  be  little  hang  them  up  for  three  or  four  Days 
Wa^  ;  whereasy  when  the  Cattle  by  Sieir  Stalks,  that  the  Water  may 
are  turned  in  amoji^gftthePlants,  they  d^ain  from  between  their  Leaves  ; 
will  tread  down  and  defbroy  more  then  plant  them  in  fome  Border  un- 
iban  they  eat.  der  an  Hedge  or  Pale,  quite  down 

The  perennial  Al^n*  Colewort  is  tp  the  Middle  of  the  Cabbage,  leav^ 
alio  little  cultivated  in  the  Gardens  ing  only  the  Upper-part  of  it  above- 
near  London  at  prefent.  This  is  very  ground ;  obferving  to  raife  the  Earth 
hardy,  and  may  be  cultivated  in  the  up  about  it,  fo  that  it  may  ftand  a 
iame  manner  as  the  former  Sort«  little  above  the  Level  of  the  Ground; 
This  will  continue  two  Years  before  efpecially  if  the  Ground  is  wet,  they 
It  nins  np  to  Seed,  and  will  afcer-  will  require  to  be  raifed  pretty 
wards  produce  many  Side-ihoots,  and    much. 

in  poor  Ldind  will  continue  three  or  If  the  Winter  ihould  prove  very 
four  Years  ;  but  in  rich  Soils  it  will  hard,  you  mud  lay  a  h'ctte  Straw  or 
iK>t  laft  fo  long.  This  may  be  ufed  Peas-hauino  lightly  upon  them ;  taker 
9^  the  former  Sort,  to  feed  Cattle ;  ing  it  off  as  often  as  the  Weather 
for  it  is  not  fo  good  for'  the  Table  proves  mild,  left  by  keeping  ■  them 
as  the  Plants  whic)i  are  now  cuiti*  too  dofe  they  ftiould  rot.  In  the 
vated  for  that  Purpofe.  Spring  of  the  Year  thefe  Cabbages 

The  other  two  Sorts  of  wild  Cab-  will  (hpot  out  firongly,  and  divide 
h^e  are  Varieties  fit  for  a  Botanic  ipXQ  a  great  Number  of  fmall 
Gainden  ;  but  are  Plants  of  no  Ufe.  Branches :  yoo  muft  therefore  fup- 
Thefe  may  be  propagated  by  fow-  p^rt  their  Stems,  to  prevent  their  be- 
ing their  Seeds  on  a  Bed  of  lig^t  f  ng  broken  off  by  the  Wind  ;  and  if 
Euth  early  in  the  Spring,  in  thb  the  Weather  ihould  be  very  hot  and 
Place  where  they  are  deigned  to  re-  dry,  you  ihould  refreih  them  with 
matD  (for  they  do  not  bear  tranf-  Water  once  a  Week,  which  wilt 
planting  well) :  when  the  Plants  are  greatly  promote  their  Seeding,  efpe-^ 
come  up  pretty  ftrong,  they  ihould  cially  at  the  time  when  they  are  in 
be  thinned,  fo  as  co  leave  them  four    Flower. 

or  five  Inches  apart  s  and  they  mti&  When  the  Pods  begin  to  change 
heconilantly  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  brown,  you  will  do  well  to  cutoff 
In  Jnni  they  will  ^wer ;  and  their  the  extreme  Part  of  tycTy  Shoot ; 
Seeds  will  ripen  the  Rsginning  of  which  will  ftrengthen  your  Seeds : 
Ji^nft ;  which  if  permitted  to  fall,  and  it  is  generally  obfcrved,  that 
the  Plants  will  come  up,  and  main-  thofe  Seeds  which  grow  near  the 
lain  themfelves  without  any  farther  Top  of  the  Shoots,  are  very  fubject 
Care  bnt  to  keep  them  dea^  fro|n    to  run  to  Seed  before  they  cabbage ; 

O  4.  fo 


'o  thit  by  this  there  will  be  Ao  Lofs, 
but  a  real  great  Advantage*  efpe- 
cially  if  you  have  more  regard  to  the 
Quality  than  to  the  Quantity  of  the 
Seedi  i  which  indeed  is  not  always 
the  Cafe,  when  it  is  intended  for 
Sale :  buc  thofe  who  fave  it  for  their 
own  Ufe,  Ihould  be  rcry  careful  to 
have  it  good. 

When  your  Seeds  begin  to  ripea» 
you  muft  be  particularly  careful, 
that  the  birds  do  not  deilroy  it  s  for 
they  are  very  fond  of  thefe  Seeds. 
In  order  to  prevent  their  Mifchief, 
fome  ufe  old  Nets,  which  they  throw 
Over  their  Seeds,  to  prevent  their  get> 
ting  to  it :  but  this  will  not  always 
do ;  for,  uulefs  the  Nets  are  very 
&rong,  they  will  force  their  Way 
through  them,  as  I  have  often  feen ; 
but  the  beH  Method  I  know,  is  to 
get  a  Quantity  of  Birdlime,  and 
daub  over  a  Parcel  of  (lender  Twigs, 
which  fhould  be  faftened  at  each  End 
to  (Ironger  Sticks,  and  placed  near 
the  Upper-part  of  the  Seed,  in  dif- 
ferent Places,  fo  that  the  Birds  may 
alight  upon  them,  by  which  means 
they  will  be  fadened  thereto :  where 
you  mud  let  them  remain  for  a  con* 
fiderable  time,  if  they  cannot  get  oiF 
thenifclves :  and  altho'  there  (bould 
not  be  above  two  or  three  Birds 
caught,  yet  it  will  fufHcicntly  tern-* 
fy  the  reft,  that  they  will  not  come 
to  that  Place  again  for  aconfiderable 
time  (as  1  have  experienced). 

When  your  Seed  is  fully  ripe, 
vou  muft  cut  it  off;  and,  after  dry^ 
ing  it,  thrcfh  it  out,  and  preferve  it 
in  Bags  for  Ufe. 

But  in  p!anting  of  Cabbages  for 
Seed,  I  would  advife  never  to  plant 
jnore  than  one  Sort  in  a  Place,  or 
near  one  another  :  as  for  Example, 
never  plant  red  and  white  Cabbages 
near  each  other,  nor  S^voy  with 
either  white  or  red  Cabbages ;  for  J 
Am  scry  certain  they  will|  by  the 


6  R 

Commixture  of  their  EJbfvia,  ^tO' 
dace  a  Mixture  of  Kindt ;  and  K  it 
wholly  owing  to  this  Neg}ed,  that 
the  Gardeners  rarely  ikve  any  good 
red  Cabbage-feed  im 'Eviatuft  but 
are  obliged  to  procure  frefh  Seeds 
from  abroad,  as  fuppofiDg  the  Soil 
or  Climate  of  EngUmd  alters  them 
from  Red  to  White,  and  of  a  &iix*d 
Kind  between  both  ^  whereas,  if  they 
would  pbmt  red  Cabbi^es  by  them- 
felves  for  Seeds,  and  not  fufFer  any 
other  to  be  near  them,  they  mi^t 
continue  the  Kind  as  good  in  Et^ 
land^  as  in  any  other  Part  of  the 
World, 

Cauliflowers  have  of  late  Yean 
been  fo  far. improved  in  EngUmd^  at 
to  exceed  in  Goodnefs  and  Magni- 
tude what  are  produced  in  moft  Parts 
of  Europe^  and,  by  the  Skill  of  the 
Gardener,  are  continued  for  feverat 
Months  together ;  but  the  moft  com- 
mon Seafon  for  them  is  in  Maj^Jmte^ 
KtAJuly,  I  fhall  therefore  begin 
with  DireOions  for  obtaining  them 
in  this  Seafon. 

Having  procured  a  Parcel  of  good 
Seed,  of  an  early  Kind,  you  nuufk 
fow  it  on  the  loth  or  lath  of  Ai^ 
guft^  upon  an  old  Cucumber  or  Me- 
lon-bed, fifting  a  little  Earth  over 
the  Seeds  about  a  Quarter  of  an  Inch 
thick ;  and  if  the  Weather  fhouU 
prove  extreme  hot  and  dry,  you 
fhould  fhade  the  Beds  with  Mats,  to 
prevent  the  Earth  from  drying  too 
faA,  which  would  endanger  the  fpoiU 
lag  of  your  Seed  i  and  give  it  gentle 
Waterings,  as  you  may  fieeOccafion-. 
in  about  a  Week's  time  your  Seed 
V(\\\  appefu-  above-ground,  when  you 
mufl  take  off  your  Coverings  by  de- 
grees ;  but  do  not  expofe  your  Plana 
too  much  to  the  open  Sun  at  firfl :  in 
about  a  Month*s  time  after  fowing, 
your  Plants  will  be  fit  ta  prick  out^ 
you  fhould  therefore  put  ibme  frcfh 
Earth  uj>on  your  o|d  Cu^uinber  or 

Mdoa* 


BR  BR 

Mekm-beds ;  or,  where  thefe  are  not  if  joar  Ground  is  modentel/  dry^ 

cofe  had.  fome  Beds  fliould  be  made  yoa  need  not  raife  it  at  all :  thea 

fvith  a  little  new  Dang, which  fhould  plant  yoor  Plants,  allowing  about 

be  trodden  down  dofe,  tp  present  two  Feet  fix  Inches  Difbnce  from 

the  Worms  from  getting  through  it ;  Glafs  to  Glafs  in  the  Rows,  alwaja 

bat  it  fliould  not  be  hot  bang,which  pdtting  two  good  Plants  under  each 

would  be  hnnful  to  the  Plants  at  Glafs,  which  may  be  at  about  four 

tliit  Sca(bn ;  into  which  you  (hould  Inches  from  each  other ;  and  if  yoa 

prick  your  young  Plants,  at  about  defign  them  for  a  full  Crop,  they 

two  Inches  fqoare,    obferving  to  may  be  three  Feet  and  an  half.  Row 

Ihade  and  water  them  at  firft  plant-  from  Row :   but  if  you  intend  to 

log ;  bat  do  not  water  them  too  make  Ridges  for  Cucumbers  or  Me- 

modi  after  they  are  growing,  nor  Ions  between  the  Rows  of  Cauli- 

Coffer  tbem  to  receive  too  much  Rain,  flower-plants  (as  is  generally  pra*- 

if  the  Seaibn  (hould  prove  wet,  which  6UsM  by  the  Gardenersi  near  Lnulon)^ 

would  be  apt  to  make  them  black-  youmuft  then  make  your  Rows  eight 

fhankM  (as  the  Gardeners  term  it].  Feet  afunder. 

which  is  no  lefs  than  a  Rottennefs  in  When    yon  have  planted  your 

their  Stems*  and  is  the  Deftrudion  Plants,  if  the  Ground  is  very  dry, 

of  the  Plants  ib  aileded.  you  (hould  give  them  a  little  Water, 

In  this  Place  they  (hould  continue  and  then  fet  your  GlaiTes  over  them, 
till  about  the  19th  or  aoth  Day  ofi  which  may  remain  clofe  down  upon 

QBfbtr^  when  they  muft  be  removed  them,  until  they  have  taken  Roo^ 

into  the  Place  where  they  are  to  re-  which  will  be  in  about  a  Week  or 

main    during   the    Winter-feaibn,  ten  Days  time,  unlefi  there  (hould  be 

which,  for  the  firft  fowing,  is  com-  a  kindly  Shower  of  Rain  ;  in  which 

OKmly  under  Bell  or  Hand-glafles,  cafe  you  may  fet  o(F  theGIa(res,  thai 

to  have  early   Cauliflowers;   and  the  Plants  may  receive  the  Benefit  of 

thefe  (honld  be  of  an  early  Kind :  it ;  and,  in  about  ten  Days  after 

bat,  in  drder  to  have  a  Succeflion  planting,  you  (hould  be  provided 

daring  the  Seaibn,  we  (hould  be  pro-  with  a  Parcel  of  forked  dticks  or 

vided  with  another  more  late  Kind,  Bricks,  with  which  you  (hould  raife 

which  ihould  be  fown  four  or  hve  your  Glafies  about  three  or  four 

Days  after  the  other,  and  managed  Inches  to  the  Southward,  that  your 

as  was  direded  for  them.  Plants  may  have  free  Air :  in  this 

In  order  to  have  very  early  Cauli-  manner  your  Glafles  (hould  remain 
(bwers,  we  (hoald  make  choice  of  over  the  Plants,  Night  and  Day,  un- 
a  good  rich  Spot  of  Ground,  that  is  lefs  in  froAy  Weather,  when  you 
well  defended  from  the  North,  Ea(f,  (hould  (et  them  down  as  clofe  as  pof- 
and  Weft  Winds,  with  Hedges,  Pales,  fible :  or  if  the  Weather  (hould  prove 
or  Walls  :  this  Ground  fliould  be  very  warm,  which  many  times  hap- 
well  trench*d,  burying  therein  a  good  pens  in  November,  and  fometiroes  in 
Quantity  of  rotten  Dang ;  then  level  December ;  in  this  Cafe,  yoa  (hould 
yoar  Ground ;  and  if  it  be  naturally  keep  your  GlaiTes  off  in  the  Day<* 
a  wet  Soil,  you  (hould  rufe  it  up  in  time,  and  put  them  on  only  in  the 
Beds  about  two  Feet  and  an  half,  or  Night,  lelt,  by  keeping  the  GlaiTes 
three  Feet  broad,  and  four  Inches  over  them  too  much,you  (hould  draw 
|bove  the t^vet^f  (^Ground:  but  them  into  Flower  at  that  Searoni 

whick 


B  It  BR 

vlMcb  it  mny  times  tlie  Caft  fai  wbich  ocbcnrilc   tbey  covU 

toild  Winten.  Special!/  if  nn&il-  Ifrkhottt  Prejudice  to  the  Leaves  of 

Ally  naaiiagcd.    «  the  Plants :  and  this  is  a  great  A4- 

Towards  the  Lattercnd  of  Fe»  vantagjB  to  them ;  for  auuiy  times 

irman,  if  the  Weather  be  miid»  yo«  we  have  Returns  of  fevere  FroAs  at 

JhooUpepare  another  good  Spot  cf  the  Latter-end  Of  March ^  which 

GroQAO^    to  xoBove  fomc  of  the  prore  very  hartful  tothefePiaBtSyif 

FlaDts  into»  from  imder  the  Glafles^  exposed  thereto^  efpeciaU j  after  hav« 

which  ihoold  be  well  doagM  and  ing  been  nursed  op  onder  Glafles. 

trenched  (as  before)  s   then  ict  off  After  yoo  have  finifh*d  your  Bed% 

jonr  Glafles  ;  and,  after  asaking  you  may  fet  your  Glafle»  over  your 

chcMce  of  one  of  the  moft  prorai&og  Plants  again,  obferving  to  raife  your 

Plants    mider   each  Glais,   which  Props  pretty  high»  efpecially  if  the 

IbooU  remain  lor  good,  take  away  Weather  be  mild,  that  they  may  have 

the  other  Plant,  by  raifing  it  op  with  free  Air  to  (Irengthen  them ;  and  in 

aTrowd,&r.  fo  a#  topreferveas  mild    foft  Weather    fet  off  your 

snoch  Earth  to  the  Rooti  as  poffible ;  Glaffes^  as  alfo  in  gendc  Showers  of 

but  have  a  great  Regard  to  the  Plant  Rain :  and  now  you  muft  begin  to 

that  is  to  remain,  not  to  difturb  or  harden  them  by  degrees  to  endure 

prejudice  its  Roots ;  then  plant  your  the  open  Air ;    however,  it  is  ad* 

Plants  which  you  have  taken  out,  at  vifeable  to  let  your  Glaffes  remain 

the  Difiance  before  diredied ;  wk,  over  them  as  long  as  poflible,  tf  the 

If  for  a  full  Crop,  three  Feet  and  an  Nights  fhould  be  frofty,  which  will 

balf.  Row  firom  Row  ;   bat  if  for  greatly  forward  your  Plants  :  bat  be 

Ridges  of  Cucumbers  between  them»  fure  do  not  ict  your  Glares  remain 

eight  Feet»   and    two    Feet   four  upon  them  in  very  hot  Sua  Ihine, 

Ii^hes  Difiance  in  the  Rows :  then  efpecially  if  their  Leaves  prefsagaiaft 

with  a  foudl  Hoe  draw  the  Earth  up  the  Sides  of  the  GlaiTes ;  for  1  have 

to  the  Stems  of  the  Plants  which  often  obferved,  in  fuch  Cafes,  thai 

were  left  under  theGlafTes^  taking  the  Moifture  which  hath  rifen  from 

great  Care  not  to  let  the  Earth  fall  the  Ground,  together  with  the  Per- 

ipto  theif  Hearts:    then  fet  your  feiration  of  the  Plants,  which,  by  the 

Glaffes  over  them  agsunsraifiog  your  GlaiTes  remaining  over  them»  hath 

Props  an  Inch  or  two  higher,  to  give  been  detained  upon  the  Leaves  of 

them  more  Air,  obferving  to  take  the  Plant,  and  when  the  Sun  hath, 

them  off  whenever  there  may  be  ibone  hot  upon  the  Sides  of  the 

fi>me  gende  Showers,  which  will  Glaffes,  haih  acquired  fuch  a  pow« 

greatly  refrefh  the  Plants.  erful  Heat  from  the  Beams  thereof. 

And,  in  a  little  time  after,  if  you  as  to  fcald  all  their  larger  Leaves,  to 

find  your  Plants  grow  fo  faft  as  to  the  no  fmall  Prejudice  of  the  Plants^ 

fiU  the  Glaffest  you  ihould    then  nay,  fometimes  I  have  fren  large 

ilighdy  dig  about  the  Plants,  and  Qj^iantities  of  Plants  fo  affcdted  here- 

raife  the  Ground  about  them  in  a  with,  as  never  to  be  worth  any  thing 

Bed  broad  enough  for  the  Glaffes  to  after. 

Hand,  and  about  four  Inches  high.  If  your  Plants  have  fucceededwell, 

which  will  give  your  Plants  a  great  toward  the  £pd  of  April  fome  of 

deal  of  room,  when  the  Glaffes  are  them  will  begin  to  fruit :  you  muft 

fet  over  them  ;  and  by  tbis  means  therefore  look  over  them  carefully 

xhxyjxk^y  be  kept  covered  until  4fril^  t\cry  other  Day ;  and  when  you  fee 

the 


B  R 

Ac  Fkfwer  plaii^lj  appear,  you  ipo8 
breakdown  fome  of  ti»e  inner  Leaves 
oyer  it  to  guard  it  from  the  Sun, 
wliidi  would  make  the  Flower  yel- 
low »i4  nnfightly ;  and  when  you 
find  your  Flower  at  its  full  Bignefs 
(which  you  may  know  by  its  Out* 
fide  partine,  as  if  it  would  run),  you 
ttofi  then  aiAw  it  out  of  the  Ground, 
and  not  cut  it  off*,  leaving  the  Stalk 
fa  die  Ground^  as  is  by  fome  pra- 
£d£ed :  and  if  they  are  deiigned  for 
prefent  Ufe,  you  may  cut  them  out 
of  dieir  Leaves  ;  but  if  defign'd  to 
keep,  you  ihould  preferve  their 
Leaves  about  them,  and  put  them 
into  a  cool  Place :  the  befl  time  for 
palling  of  them,  is  in  a  Morning,  be- . 
tore  the  Sun  hath  exhaPd  the  Moill- 
nie ;  for  Cauliflowers  pulled  in  the 
Heat  of  the  Day  lofe  that  Fir^nefs 
whidi  they  naturally  have,  and  be- 
come tough. 

Bat  to  return  to  our  fecond  Crop 
(the  Plants  being  raifed  and  managed 
aswasdireAed  for  the  early  Crop, 
andl  die  Middle  or  Latter-end  of 
Oaoher)\  you  mull  then  prepare 
Ibme  Beds,  either  to  be  covered  with 
Glais'frames,  or  arch*d  over  with 
Hoops,  to  be  covered  with  Mats, 
^c,  Thefe  Beds  ihould  have  fome 
Dong  laid  in  the  Bottom,  about  fix 
Inches  or  a  Foot  thick,  according  to 
the  Size  of  your  Plants  5  for  if  they 
^  fmall,  the  Bed  fhould  be  thicker 
of  Dung,  to  bring  them  forward « 
and  fo  via  werfa :  this  Dung  (hould 
l>c  beat  down  clofe  with  a  Fork,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  Worms  from 
finding  their  Way  through  it ;  then 
lay  fome  good  frefh  Earth  about  four 
or  five  Inches  thick  thcreon,in  which 
yon  fhould  plant  your  Plants  about 
^0  Inches  and  an  half  fquare,  ob- 
fcrving  to  Ihade  and  water  them  un- 
^1  they  have  taken  frcfh  Root :  but 
he  Cure  do  not  keep  your  Coverings 
f|4fe«  for  th^  Warmth  of  the  Dung 


B  R 

w31  QPcafioQ  a  largp  Damp  ia  diip 
Bed,  which,  if  peat  in,  will  greatlj 
injure  the  Plants.         , 

When  your  Plants  have  takeii 
Root,  you  muft  give  them  as  t^uch 
tree  open  Air  as  poffible,'by  keeping 
the  Glafles  off  in  the  Day -time  as 
much  as  the  Weather  will  permits 
and  in  the  Night,  or  at  fuch  times 
as  the  Glafles  require  to  be  kept  on, 
raife  them  i^p  with  Bricks  to  let  ia 
frefh  Air,  unlefs  in  frofty  Weather  5 
at  which  time  the  Glaifes  (hould  be 
covered  with  Mat?,  Straw,  or  Peas- 
haulm,  C^r.  but  this  is  not  to  be  done 
but  in  vtry  hard  Frofts :  you  muft 
alfo  obferve  to  guard  them  againft 
great  Rains,  which  in  Winter-time 
are  very  hurtful  to  them ;  and  if  the 
under  Leaves  grow  yellow,  and  de- 
cay, be  furc  to  pick  them  off ;  for 
if  the  Weather  ihould  prove  very 
bad  in  Winter,  fo  that  you  ihould 
be  obb'ged  to  keep  them  clofe  co- 
vered for  two  or  three  Days  toge- 
ther, as  it  fometimes  happens,  thefe 
decayed  Leaves  will  render  the  in- 
closed Air  very  noxious;  and  the 
Plants,  infpiring  pretty  much  at  that 
time,  are  .often  deflroyed  in  vaft 
Quantities. 

In  the  Beginning  of  Jebruary^  if 
the  Weather  be  mild,  you  muft  be- 
gin to  harden  your  Plants  by  de- 
grees, that  they  may  be  prepared 
ibrTranfplantation;  and  theCround 
where  you  intend  to  plant  your 
Cauliflowers  out  for  good  (whicb 
ihouki  be  quite  open  from  Trees, 
l^c.  and  rather  moift  than  dry),  hav- 
ing been  well  dung'd  and  dug,  fliould 
be  fown  with  Radiflies  a  Week  or 
Fortnight  before  you  intend  to  plant 
out  your  Cauliflowers ;  the  Reafon 
why  I  mention  the  fowing  of  Ra- 
di(hes  particularly,  is  this;  i;/*, 
that  if  there  are  not  fome  Radifhes 
amongll  them,  and  the  Month  of 
May  d^ould  prove  hot  and  dry,  as  It 

fome« 


BK 

ttme^  btppens,  the  Fly  will  (exze 
your  CadiEcMverSy  and  eat  them  foil 
of  Holes,  to  their  Prcjoilice,  and 
fbmetimes  their  Deftru^tion :  where- 
as»  if  there  are  Radilhet  opon  the 
Spot,  the  Flies  will  take  to  thein» 
jtod  never  meddle  with  the  CaoU- 
Sowen  (o  long  asthey  laft  :  indeed^ 
Ae  Gardeners  near  Landon  mix  Spi- 
Bach  with  their  Radiih-feed,  and  To 
ftuve  a  doable  Crop;  which  is  an 
Advantage  where  Ground  is  dear, 
«r  that  Perfons  are  heightened  for 
loom  ;  otherwife  it  is  very  well  to 
ftave  only  one  Crop  amongft  the 
(^aunflowersy.  that  the  Ground  may 
-h^  cleared  in  time. 

Your  Ground  being  ready»  and 
Ae  Seafbn  good,  about  the  Middle; 
l»f  FiBrMntji  you  may  begin  to  plant 
eat  your  Cauliflowers :  the  Diftance 
which  is  generally  allowed  by  the 
Gardeners  near  London  (who  plant 
other  Crops  between  their  Cauli^ 
lowers  to  lucceed  them^asCucumbers 
for  pickling,  and  Winter- cabbages) 
it  every  other  Row  four  Feet  and  an 
fcalf,  and  the  intermediate  Rows  two 
and  an  half,  and  two  Feet  two  Inches 
Siflance  in  the  Rows ;  fo  that  in  the 
Middle,  or  towards  the  Latter-end 
of  Mky  (when  the  Radifhes  and  Spi- 
nach are  cleared  olF),  they  put  in 
.  Seeds  of  Cucumbers  for  Pickling,  in 
the  Middle  of  the  wide  Rows,  at 
three  Feet  .and  an  half  apart ;  and  in 
the  narrow  Rows,  plant  Cabbages 
lor  Winter- ttfe,  at  two  Feet  two 
Inches  Diftance,  {o  that  thefe  ftand 
tach  of  them  exactly  in  the  Middle 
of  the  Square  between  four  Caoli- 
flower-plants  j  and  thefe,  after  the 
Cauliflowers  are  gone  off,  will  have 
full  room  to  grow,  and  the  Crop  be 
hereby  continued  in  a  Succeflion 
through  the  whole  Seafon. 

About  three  Weeks  or  a  Month 
after  your  Cauliflowers  are  planted 
out,  the  Badi(h^  between  them  uill 


B  R 

be  It  to  hoe  ;  at  which  time,  when 
you  are  hoeing  out  the  Radiflics 
where  they  are  too  thick,  you  fhouid 
cut  off  all  fuch  as  grow  immediately 
about  the  Cauliflowen,  and  would 
prove  hurtful  to  them,  by  drawing 
them  up  tall  and  weak ;  and  alfo  ac' 
that  time  drew  the  Earth  up  to  the 
Stems  of  the  Plants,  being  careful 
not  to  let  any  get  into  their  Hearta 
(as  was  before  direded) ;  and  whea 
your  Radiihes  are  fit  to  pall,  be  fate 
to  clear  round  the  Cauliflowers  hr(k^ 
and  keep  drawing  the  Earth  up  to 
their  Stems  as  they  advance  ia 
Height ;  which  will  keep  their  Stems 
from  being  hardened  by  the  Weather^ 
and  be  of  Angular  Service  to  year 
Plants. 

There  are  many  People,  who  are  . 
ytry  fond  of  watering  Cauliflower- 
plants  in  Summer ;  but  the  Gardea* 
ers  near  London  have  almoft  wholly 
laid  afide  this  Pra6iice,  as  finding  a 
deal  of  Trouble  and  Charge  to  little 
Purpofe;  for  if  the  Ground  be  (6 
very  dry  as  not  to  produce  tolerable 
good  Cauliflowers  without  Water,  it 
fcldom  happens,  that  watering  of 
them  renders  them  much  better  i  and 
when  once  they  have  been  watered, 
if  it  is  not  conftantly  continued,  it 
had  been  much  better  for  them,  if 
they  never  had  had  any ;  as  alfo,  if 
it  be  given  them  in  the  Middle  of 
the  Day,  it  rather  helps  to  fcald 
them :  fo  that,  upon  the  Whole,  if 
Care  be  taken .  to  keep  the  Earth 
drawn  up  to  their  Stems,  and  clear 
them  from  every  thing  that  growa 
near  them,  that  they  may  have  fre^ 
open  Air,  they  will  fucceed  better 
without  than  with  Water, where  thef^ 
Cautions  are  not  flri^ly  followed. 

When  your  Cauliflowers  begin  to 
fruit,  you  muft  often  look  over 
them,  to  turn  down  their  Leaves,  as 
was  before  directed,  to  preferve  tbek 
Whitenefs ;  and  when  they  are  full 

grown,    ' 


B  k  BR 

|;rowl^€Ueryethefo^llerDire£UolU  yoaAiooM  fow  die  Seedf ,  cbvenn^ 

m  polKng  them,  &^.  bat  where-ever  them  ft  quarter  of  an.  Incli  thick 

joo  ineec  with  an  extraol-dinary  goo^  wit]i  light  Mould,  and  the  Bed  widi 

CaoMower,  wfaofe  Cord  is  hard  and  Glab-frames :  you  ihould  now-and« 

wbice,  and  perfedlly  free  from  an/  then  gently  refrefh  the  Bed  with  Wa- 

Protiiineis  about  the  Edges,   yoa  ter,  ohierviog  to  raife  the  Glafti^ 

ihoold  fnfTer  it  to  remain  for  Seed,  with  Bricks  w  the  Day  time*  to  Uk 

keeping  the  Leaves  dofe  down  upon  in  frefli  Ajr;  and  when  the  Phnti 

it  antif  tbe  Flower  hath  fhot  out  are  come  np»  and  have  gotten  four 

Stems,  and  then  remove  the  Leaves  or  five  Leaves,  yoii  flio'uld  prepare 

from  them  by  degrees  ;  but  do  not  another  Hot-bed  to  prick  them  into^ 

expoTe  them  too  much  to  the  open  at  about  two  Inches  fqoare ;  and  m 

Air  at  firfi.    As  the  Stems  advance,  the  Beginning  of  Jpri/ hsLrden  them 

yoa  maft  take  the  Leaves    quite  by  degrees,  to  fit  them  for  traaT- 

away ;  and  when  they  begin  to  phmting,  which  fliould  be  done  the 

hhmch  out,  yoa  ihould  fix  three  Middle  of  that  Month,  at  the  Bi- 

pretty  flrong  Stakes,  at  equal  An-  fiance  4ireded  for  the  fecond  Crop^ 

^es,  about  it,  furrounding  them  with  and  muft  be  managed  accordingly  : 

radthread,  &r.    to  fopport  their  tbefe  (if  the  Soil  is  moiil  where  thejr 

Bruiches,  which  would  be  otherwife  are  planted,  or  the  Seafon  cool  an! 

liable  to  break  with  the  Wind.  moift)  will  prod^ace  good  Cauliflow- 

When  vour  Pods  begin  firfi  to  be  ers  about  a  Month  after  the  fecond 

ferm'd,  if  the  Weather  be  dry,  you  Crop  is  gone,  whereby  their  Seafon 

Ihoold  give  them  a  little  Water  all  will  be  greatly  prolonged, 
OTor  (with  aWateringpot  that  hath        There  is  al(o  a  fourth  Crop  of 

a  Rofe  to  it) ;  which  will  promote  C^nHHowers,  which  is  raifed  by  fow» 

tl<Progre&  of  the  Seeds,  and  pre-  ing  the  ^eed  about  the  1 2th  of  May  t 

jetve  them  from  the  Mildew,  which  and  being  tranfplanted,  as  hath  bee« 

is  often  hurtful  to  tbefe  Seedsu;  and,  before  dire^ed,  will  jproduce  good 

when  your  Seed  is  ripe,  you  mnfi  Cauliflowers  in  a  kindly  Seafon,  an<( 

cut  it  off,  and  hang  it  up  to  dry^  good  Soil,    after  MUhaelnuis^  and 

aad  mb  it  out,  as  was  direded  for  continue  through  OSoher  and  Nb- 

Cabbage-feed:   and  although  your  ^vemhir,  and,  if  the  Seafon  permit,' 

Flowers  do  not  produce  fo  much  often  a  great  Part  of  D/r^#r. 
Seed  as  tfaofe  wlucn  were  of  a  fofter        The  Reafon  why  I  fix  particular 

or  fiothy  Nature ;  yet  the  Goodnefs  Days  for  the  fowing  of  this  Seed  is, 

offoch  Seeds  will  fufficiencly  rc!tom-  becaufe  two  or  three  Days  often 

penfefortheQuancity;  andany  Per-  make  ^  great  Difference  in  their 

ibo  who  was  to  porchare  his  Seed«,  Plants ;  and  becaufe  thefe  are  the 

lad  better    give   ten  Shillings  an  Days  ufually  fixed  by  the  Gardeners 

Ounce  for  fuch  Seeds,  than  two  for  near  London^  who  have  found  their 

the  Seeds  commonly  faved  fox  Sale,  Crops  to  fucceed  befi  when  fown  at 

IS  the  Gardeners  about  Landon  have  thofe  times,  altho*  one  Day,  mor^ 

experienced  ;  who  will  never  buy  or  leA,  will  make  no  great  Odds, 
any  Seeds  of  this  Kind,  if  they  do        BREYNI  A. 
W>t  know  how  they  were  faved.  The  Char  a  ff  ers  are ; 

But  in  order  to  have  a  third  Crop        //  hath  a  Ro/efltnver^  eonfifting  of 

of  Cauliflowen,  you  (hould  make  a  mawf  Pttah^  ^which  are  plitctd  in  m 

fcoder Hot-bed  in  i^/^iMr^,in  whi^  circular  Ordtr^  frtm  twbo/e  FUojotr^ 

cup 


B  R 

n^p  rifes  the  Point  at  i  ^hith  afier* 
kvard  bicopies  a  fruit  9r  P«^»  *wbicb 
is /oft  And  flojhy^  in  tvhich  an  ft' 
miral  kidnty-finifd  fiijiyf  Sais, 
The  Sptcies  are ; 

t.  BrKYnia  a^ygda  lifoliis  latio- 
Hhu.  Plum.  No*u,  Gen,  Breynia 
With  broad  Almond- leaves. 

2.  Brbymia  eUtagnifoliii,  Plum. 
Nov.  Gen,  Breytiia  with  Leaves  like 
dwfe  of  the  wild  Olive. 

Both  thefe  Plants  are  very  eom- 
tton  in  yamaica,  and  feversd  other 
Parts  of  ^fwmra,  where  they  ufually 
gn>w  to  the  Height  of  thirty  Feet : 
(heir  Trunks  are  about  the  Thick* 
Jiefs  of  a  Man^s  Thieh,  which  are 
covered  with  a  fmooth  afh- coloured 
Bark.  The  Branches  come  out  on 
every  Side,  which  form  a  regular 
Head  $  and  being  bdet  with  hoary 
Leaves,  make  an  agreeable  Appear- 
ance. 

Thefe  Plants  are  both  very  impa- 
tient of  Cold ;  therefore  mull  be  pre- 
ferved  in  Stoves,  otherwife  they  will 
not  live  through  the  Winter  in  this 
Climate.  They  may  be  propagated 
by  Seeds,  which  may  be  obtained 
from  America.  Thefe  Seeds  fliould 
be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the 
Spring;  and  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up  two  Inches  high,  they 
fliould  be  carefully  tranfplanted  each 
into  a  feparate  fmall  Pdt  filled  with 
light  rich  Earth,  and  then  plunged 
into  a  moderate  Hot- bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark }  obferving  to  water  and 
fliade  them  until  they  have  taken 
new  Root :  they  mull  alfo  be  fre- 
quently watered  during  the  Summer- 
feafon ;  and  when  the  Plants  have 
grown  fo  much  as  to  fill  the  Pots 
with  their  Roots,  they  (hould  be 
carefully  (haken  out  of  them,  and  the 
Fibres  round  the  Outfidc  of  the  Ball 
of  Earth  (hould  be  carefully  pared 
off,  and  then  put  into  Pots  a  Size 
krger  than  thofe  they  were  in  be* 

7 


B  R 

lore;  which  (hontd  be  filled  wiA 
light  rich  Earth,  and  then  plun^ 
into  the  Hot-bed  again,  acunittiog 
lre(h  Air  to  them  every  Day.  In  dixs 
Bed  they  may  remain  until  the  End 
of  September^  when  they  muft  be 
placed  in  the  Eark-fiove  :  where, 
duriog  theWinter-feafon,  they  ihoald 
be  kept  in  a  temperate  Heat,  and 
muft  be  often  refrefiied  with  Water i 
but  it  muft  not  be  given  them  in 
large  Qaantities  at  this  Sealbn. 

As  thefe  Plants  increafe  in  Bulk» 
they  (hould  be  placed  in  lamrPots; 
but  you  muft  be  very  careful  not  to 
over-pot  them ;   which  will  caofe 
the  Plants  to  decline,  and,  if  not 
timely  remedied,  will  deftroy  them. 
In  Summer  thefe  Plants  fliould  havf 
a  large  Share  of  frefh  Air,  in  warai 
Weather;    but  they  muft  not  br 
placed  in  the  open  Air  i  for  if  they 
are  not  conftantly  preferved  from  tbe 
Cold,  it  will  deftroy  them  in  a  fhort 
time.     If  thefe  Diredions  are  duly 
obferved,  the  Plants  will  make  great 
Progrefs,  and,  in  a  few  Years,  will 
produce  Flowers. 

BROOM,    the  common.     FUt 
Cytifo-genifta. 

BROOM,  the  Spanifi.  FideSpX' 
tium  and  Genifta. 

BRUNELLA,  Self-heal. 
The  CbarmQirs  are ; 

^be  Phnuers  gro^ju  in  Jhort  c^mfeM 
Spikes,  nAfhicb  conjifi  of  one  Lerf% 
and  are  labiated  (or  liffd) :  tbe 
Creft^  or  upper  Lip^  is  intire,  and 
bolloRjued:  the  Beards  or  lotver  Upt 
is  divided  into  tbree  Segments:  ibe 
middle  Segment  is  broad^  and  beUevo^ 
like  a  Spoon^  emd  is  fartber  prodoai 
tban  tbe  t<wo  otber  Segments^  wbicb 
are  narrow  :  tbe  Cup  of  tbe  Flonoer 
hatb  t*wo  Lips ;  ibe  upper  being  ereS 
and  trifid^  and  tbe  lower  is  armed 
Hvitb  t<wo  fmall  Spines, 
The  Species  are ; 

I,  BaUNSLLA    wsajor^  felio  9sa 

dijlfti9. 


B  R 

Miiwliole  Leaves. 

s«  BiLVifBLLA  maf^Tf  /0H9  nm 
J&ftao^  jUrt  alb:  C.  B.  Coaimoil 
Sdf-hcaiy  widi  wliite  Flowers. 

Ciic4esvM  Seif-heaL 

4.  Bai7ifiLLA  fiU^  Ufcimmfffi 
JUremUfo.  H.  R,  P.  CaC-l<av*d 
Self-iieri»  with  white  Plowen, 

5.  Bt.ONeLi.A  cetrultm^  mapm 
fart.  C.  B.  Large  bine-flowered 
SelfhoO. 

6.  BauvvLLA  hjifo^fiUa.  C,B. 
Narrow-leaved  Self-heal. 

7.  BavuBLLA  Jlfina   isdmaia^ 
Jkrt  magtie.     B^erb,    Ind,      Large- 

flowered  c«c-leav*d  Self-heal  from 
cheJ!^. 

S.  itt.viinLtSifili9*uerben^  tenw'^ 
fUiii.  B9erh.  Ind.  Self-hcal  with 
Leaves  like  the  narrow  cut-leavM 
Vervain. 

9.  BauvBLLA  ladmata^  flore  eie- 
gmiffimifuipbmre^.Boerb.Indn  Cat- 
leav'd  Self-heal,  with  fine  fulphor- 
coloured  ^Flowers. 

to.  BaoHBLLA  ictifflia  Itmliea^ 
JUrt  tamea.  Barrel,  Broad -leavM 
ItaSam  Self-heal,  with  fie(h'Colour*d 
FJowcfs. 

II.  BaUNBLLA  Ntv^  Anglic 
mojor^foliit  hrrgius  mucrmath.  Rand, 
Nrw-England  Self-heal,  with  long- 
poiated  Leaves. 

IS.  Bronblla  Caroiiniana^ 
tnagn  JUrt  dilute  ctertdc^  intemtdfis 
ImigiJImii,  Rand,  Carolina  Self- 
heal,  with  large  pale- blue  Flowers, 
aad  long  Spaces  between  the  Joints 
of  the  Salks, 

Thcfe  Plants  thXy  be  any  of  them 
propagated  by  fowing  their  Seeds 
in  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  on  a  Bed 
of  common  Earth ;  and  when  they 
are  come  up,  may  be  planted  out  in 
Borders  in  any  (hndy  Part  of  the 
Garden :  where  they  will  thrive, 
and  many  oi  them  flower  the  (ame 


Teer;  bat  all  of  tham  Ae ^eocnidt 
^fter  which  dwy  leldom  coMinae: 
thecelbre  ciie  Seeds  of  them  moff 
be  fewn  yearly,  for  a  frA  Sap* 

The  firil  Sort  is  nfed  in  Medicine^ 
mid  is  very  oomanon  in  diven  Pmb 
of  England:  the  others  are  of  lo- 
re!^ Growth ;  ftnd  altho*  there  it 
not  a  great  deal  of  Beauty  in  them, 
yet  ibme  of  the  Varieties  are  woidi 
cultivating,  lo  add  to  theDiverfity} 
efpecially  ^nce  diey  require  very 
little  Colture. 

BRUNSFELSIA. 
The  CbaraSers  arei 

Tbe  Flower  cwfiftt  of  0ite  Liaf^ 
JbafedUAo  a  Fumul^  wbicb  is  tmbm* 
lous,  and  cut  into  mat^  Parts  at  fbe 
Top  I  fram  ^bofe  Calfx  ari/es  tbe 
Point al^  nnbicb  afttr^oard  beeontes  m 
round  /oft  fitjhy  Fruity  containing 
roatndi/h  Sitds  bitten  tbe  Rind  and 
tbe  Fljh. 

We  have  but  one  ^fedes  of  this 
Plant;  which  is, 

BauHSFBLsrA  Jlore  albo^  frnffm 
croceo  molli,  Pimm,  N,  G,  Bransfel* 
iia  with  a  white  Flower,  and  a  (oft 
faffroncoIourM  Fruit 

This  Plant  is  very  common  ia 
Barbados  and  Jamaica  \  but  in  En^ 
rofe  it  is  at  prefent  very  rare :  it 
may  be  propagated  from  Seeds, 
which  ihould  be  Town  early  in  the 
the  Spring  in  Pots  filled  with  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot- bed 
of  Tanners  Bark  ;  obferving  to 
water  the  Earth  as  often  as  you  find 
it  necefTary.  When  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  they  (hould  be  tranfplanced 
each  into  a  fcparate  fmall  Pot  fiii<;d 
with  freih  light  £arth«  and  plunged 
into  the  Hot  bed  again  ;  obferving 
to  (hade  the  Planes  until  they  have 
uken  Root;  and  they  mud  be  ht* 
quently  refreOied  with  Water. 

When  the  Plants  have  advanced  , 
to  f uch  an  height  as  not  to  be  con- 
tained 


B  R 

tdned  la  the  Fnmcs^  thejr  ihpuld 
be  removed  into  the  Bark-ftove^ 
where*  dnrins  the  Summer-moiiths, 
tbey  ihottld  have  a  large  Share  of 
free  Air :  but  in  Winter  thev  muft 
he  kept  very  dofe.  With  this  Ma- 
nagement die  Plants  will  be  vctj 
ftroi^  and  produce  their  flowers 
every  Seafon.  Thefe  Phnts  may 
alio  be  increafed  by  planting  their 
Catdngs  in  the  Spring,  before  they 


It  out*  in  Pots  filled  with  fredi 

Sght 

Hot-bed  of  Tannm  Bark;  pbferv- 


Earth,  and  plunged  into  an 


ing  to  water  and  ihade  them  until 
they  have  taken  Root  i  after  which 
they  mnft  be  managed  as  hath  been 
directed  for  the  Seedling-plants. 

BRUSCUS.    Fid,  Rufcns. 

BRYONIA,  Bryony. 
The  CbaraQers  are; 

h  bath  a  climhimg  Stalk  nvitb 
Sfin^s  .*  the  Leaves  are  like  thefe  of 
the  Vine :  the  Fiawers  eenfifl  ef  ene 
Ltaf  nuhich  is  esefaadeJ  at  the  Top^ 
and  di*uided  into  five  Parts  i  and, 
in  the  Female  Plants,  are  fncceeded 
hy  round  Berries  grooving  on  Foot' 
Jialhs:  the  Flowers  of  the  Stale  Plants 
have  five  apices  in  each  i  hut  are 
harren. 

The  Speeies  are  % 

I.  Bryonia  afpera  five  alhof 
hetccis  ruhris,  C  B>  The  comfnon 
white  Bryony. 

z,  Bryonia  Africana  glabra^ 
folus  in  profundas  lacinias  divifis^ 
fiore  luteo,  Oldm,  Smooth  African 
Bryony,  with  deep-cut  Leaves,  and 
yellow  Flowen. 

3.  Bryonia    Americana^   ^liv^ 
fru^u  ruhro.  Plspn.  Cat.     Amtrican 

Bryony,   widv  a  red  olive  -  ihapM 
Fruit. 

4.  Bryonia  Africana^  fruBu 
nmriegato,  Hort,  Elth.  African 
Bryony,  wit|i  a  variegated  Fruit. 

5  Bryonia  Africana  laciniata, 
ttiefBja  radicCf  Jlurlbus    herbactis. 


BR 

P«r.  Bea.  Jfricmn  cut4eav*dBryoiiy» 
with  a  tnberofe  Root,  and  herfaa- 
eeous  Flowers. 

The  lirft  Sort  grows  upon  dry 
Banks,  under  Hedges,  in  many  Puts 
of  England;  but  may  be  cultivated 
in  a  &arden,  for  Ufe,  by  fowing 
the  Berries  in  the  Spring  of  theYear, 
in  a  dry  poorSoilj  where  they  will, 
in  two  Years  time,  grow  to  be  large 
Roots,   provided  they  are  not  too 
thick.     The  Roots  of  this  Plant 
have  been  formerly,  by  Impoftors, 
brought  into  an  human  Shape,  and 
carried   about    the  Country,   and 
(hewn  for  Mandrakes-  to  tbe  com- 
mon People,  who  were  eaiily  im* 
pofed  on  by  their  Credulity;  and 
thefe    got    good  Livings    tbeivbf. 
The  Method  which   thefe  People 
pra£tis*d,  was,  to  find  a  young  thrive- 
ing  Bryony-plant ;  then  they  opened 
the  Earth  all  round  the  Plant,  being 
careful  not  to  difiurb  the  lower  Fi- 
bres {  and,  being  prepared  with  fach 
a  Mould,  as  is  ufed  by  the  Peoplt 
who  make  Plafler-figures,  th^y  fixed 
the  Mould  dofe  to  the  Root,  Men- 
ing  it  with  Wire,  to  keep  it  in  it» 
proper  Situation  $  then  diey  filled 
the  £arth  about  the  Root,  leaving 
it  toerow  to  the  Shape  of  the  Mooh^ 
which  in  one  Summer  it  will  do: 
fo  that  if  this  be  done  in  March,  by 
September  it  lyill  have  the  Shape. 
The  Leaves  of  this  Plant  are  alio 
often  imposed  on  the  People  in  die 
Market  for  Mandrake-leaves,  altho' 
there  is  no  Refemblance  between 
them,  nor  any  Agreement  in  Qua* 
lity. 

The  fecond  and  fifth  Sorts  are 
perennial  Plants,  their  Roots  remain* 
ing  feveral  Years;  but  their  Branches 
decay  every  Winter.  Thefe  Rooa 
muft  be  planted  in  Pots. filled  wid^ 
freih  light  Earth,  and  in  Winter 
mull  be  placed  in  the  Green-hourc, 
to  protect  them  from  Frofi,  and 

peat    ' 


BR 

|feat Rains;  which  would  de^roy 
them,  if  they  were  expofed  tliereto. 
JDuring  the  Winter  -  feafon  they 
fcoald  have  very  little  Water  given 
them;  but  in  Summer,  when  they 
are  expofed  to  the  open  Air,  they 
mail  be  frequently  refrelhed  with 
Water  in  dry  Weather.  Thefe 
Plants  will  flower  in  Ju/jy  and  in 
warm  Summers  will  perfetfl  their 
Seeds. 

The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  are 
annual  Plants  :  thefe  mud  be  raifed 
on  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the  Spring, 
and  when  the  Plants  are  about  three 
Inches  high,  they  ihould  be  each 
tranfplanted  into  a  fmall  Pot  filled 
with  freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners  Bark; 
•bferving  to  water  and  (hade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root.  When 
the  Plants  are  grown  fo  large,  as  to 
lamble  on  the  Surface  of  the  Bed, 
and  begin  to  entangle  with  other 
Plants,  they  (hould  be  fhifted  into 
larger  Pots,  and  placed  in  the  Bark- 
fiove;  where  their  Branches  may 
be  trailed  to  the  Wall,  or  againU  an 
Efpalier,  that  they  may  have  Sun 
and  Air;  which  is  abfolutely  necef- 
fary  for  their  producing  Fruit.  When 
thefe  Plants  arc  full  of  Fruit,  they 
make  a  very  pretty  Variety  in  the 
Stove  amongft  other  Exotic  Plants. 

The  fecond  and  fifth  Sorts  are 
alfo  propagated  from  Seeds,  which 
ihoold  be  fown  on  an  Hot- bed  ; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  fit  to  tranf- 
plant,  they  (hould  be  put  into  Pots ; 
and  after  they  have  taken  Root, 
ihould  be  inured  to  bea<  the  open 
Air  by  degrees ;  where  they  may 
tremain  during  the  Summer- feafon  ; 
but  in  Winter  they  mull  be  Ihel- 
tcrcd. 

The  Bryony  being' Male  and  Fe- 
male in  different  Plants,  induced  me 
to  make  fomc  Experiments  with  it, 
to  confirm  my  Opinion  of  the  Ne- 

VOL.   I. 


B  U 

ceflity  of  the  Female  Plant  balnjg 
impregnated  by  the  Farina  of  the 
Male  Plant,  in  order  to  rendef  it 
fruitful.  Accordingly  I  planted  a 
Female  Bryony  in  a  Garden,  wherein 
there  was  no  Male  Plant  of  that 
Kind,  nor  in  any  of  the  neighbour- 
ing Parts,  as  I  could  difcover ;  but, 
contrary  to  my  Expedlaiion,  thi» 
Plant  produced  ripe  Fruit ;  which 
I  fowed  foon  after  it  was  ripe,  and 
the  Spring  following  I  had  a  great 
Number  of  young  Plants  cOme  up. 
The  following  Year  I  was  more 
curious  to  try  the  Experiment,  and 
examined  all  the  neighbouring  Parts 
again,  to  fee  if  I  could  difcover 
any  Male  Plants,  but  could  not : 
yet  the  Succefs  was  the  fame  as  the 
former  Year,  and  the  Plants  which 
arofe  from  the  Seeds  grew  very 
ilrong  and  vigorous.  So  that  thi%, 
and  many  other  Experiment.s  fliould 
be  frequently  repeated,  and  carefully 
examined,  before  we  can  pronounce 
any  thing  for  Certainty  concernng 
the  Generation  of  Plants :  but  it 
frequently  happens,  that  fomc  ^f 
the  Flowers  upon  the  Female  Plants 
are  Hermaphrodite,  which  may  ac- 
count for  their  producmg  go^ 
Seeds :  and  this  might  have  been 
the  Cafe  with  my  Plant ;  for  I  did 
not  examine  each  Flower  upon  the 
Plant;  therefore  cannot  affirm  anjy 
thing  for  certain,  more  than  is  hei;e 
related. 

BRYONIA  NIGRA.  f/V^Tam- 
nus. 

BOCKSHORN,  Of  MARTS- 
HORN.     T/V^  Coronopus. 

BUDDING.     FJ^e  Inoculating. 

BUGLOSSUM.  Buglofs. 

The  Chambers  are : 
//  hath  a  multtjld  funnel Jhaffd 
Flcnuer,  conjijling  of  one  Leaf\  from 
ichofe  EmpaUmetity  fwhich  is  tut  i9 
the  Bottom^  rifts  tht  Pointa/^  aC' 
tompamtd  by  four  ^mbryoes ;  ivhich 

P  ufttrwuvd 


B  U  B  U 

mftemvdri  leettu  fi   mmij  Seidf,  Groand  without  Stalks,  andwitlit 

wJhich  refemble  a  Viper*s  Hiod^  very  narrow  Viper^s  Buglofs-leaf. 
Tht  Specits  zit  i  14.  Buglossum    Samium  fniti' 

1.  BuCLOSSVM  pemne  majus  fcent^  foliis  rori/martni  ohfcvre  vi- 
fathfum,  AL  //•  The  Garden  6a-  rentibus^  lucide  birfutis,  fount.  Cor, 
glofs.  Shrubby  Buglo6  from  the  Ifland  of 

2.  Buglossum  fyhveftr:  minms,  Samos,  with  Rofmary  -  leaves  oft 
C.  B.     The  leiler  wild  Buglofs.  ihining    dark  -  green    Colour,  and 

3.  Buglossum    latifoltum  fern*  hairy. 

fer-virens.  C.  B.     The  broad-leav*d         1J.    Buolossum   Orientali  ert* 

ever  green  Baglofs.  £lMm,  foUis  uniulatUy  flore  ament 

4.  Buglossum  OrientaU,  flon  earuleo.Tourn.Cor,  Upright  Eafiera 
futio,  T.  Cor,  The  Eaflern  Boglofs,  Buglofs,  with  undulated  Leaves,  and 
ndth  yellow  Flowers.  a  Flower  of  a  beautiful  blue  Co- 

5   Buglossum  Crtticum   'verrw  lour. 
tefimperlatumquihufdam.  H.R,Par,         16.  Buglossum    Orient aU  M- 

Warted  Buglofs  from  Crete,  guftifolium   altiffimum.    Toum.  Or, 

6.  Buglossum  angufiifolium  ma-  The  tailed  Eaftern  Buglofs,  with 
jui^  Jhre  edbo,    C.  B.  P,     Greater  narrow  Leaves. 
narrow-leavM  Buglofs,  with  a  white        The  firft  Sort  is  cultivated  for  its 
Flower.  Flowers,  which  are  ufed  in  Mrdi- 

7.  Buglossum  anguftifolium  ma'  cinal  Cordials.     The  fecond  Sort 

jus^Jlore  rubro  aut'variegato.  C.  B.  P.  grows  wild  upon  dry  Banks  in  moft 

Greater  narrow-leavM  Buglofs,  with  Parts  of  England^  and  is  fometima 

a  red  or  variegated  Flower.  ufed  in  Medicine.     The  third  Sort 

8.  BuGLossuiyi  foiiis  finuvfit.  is  always  green,  and  may  have  a 
C.  B,^  P,  Buglofs  with  Unuated  Place  in  (hady  Wildemefles ,  but  is 
licaves.  not  fit  for  a  fine  Garden.  The  fourth 

9.  Buglossum  Jyl'utjire  majus  Sort  is  an  abiding  Plant,  and  may 
^grum.  C.  B,  F.  Greater  wild  deferve  a  Place  in  a  good  Garden, 
black  Buglofs.  for  its  long  Continuance  to  flower. 

10.  Buglossum  Creticum  majuj^  The  fifth  Sort  is  an  Annual,  and,  if 
fiin  ceeruleo  purfurante.  H,  R,  Par,  fufl^ered  to  fow  itfelf,  will  come  up, 
Greater  Buglofs  of  CMdy^  with  a  and  abide  the  Winter  ytry  well, 
blue  Flower,  inclining  to  a  purple  and  produce  its  fmall  blue  Flowers 
Colour.  in  the  Spring     Thefe  two  laft,  for 

ti.BvGLOSsvuLiifitanicumjecbri  their  Variety,  may  have  a  Place  in 

folio  undulato,  Infi,R,H*     Portugal  the  Flower  garden,  and  the  firfl  Sort 

Buglofs,  with  an  undulated  Viper^s  in  the  Phyfic-garden,  for  its  Ui^* 
Buglofs-leaf.  The  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts  are 

12.  Buglossum  Creticum  mini-  Varieties  of  the  Garden  Buglofsp 
Ptum  odoratuM^  fiore  fuario  eleganti,  which  are  preferved  in  Botanic 
H,  R,  Par,  The  leaft  fweet-fcented  Gardens :  they  may  be  propagated 
Cand^  Buglofs,  with  an  el^aht  by  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  fown  in 
Flower  of  various  Colours.  Autumn  foon  after  they  are  ripe, 

13.  Buglossum  Creticum  bumi-  when  they  more  furely  fucceed  than 

fufum  acaulou  ^  perenne,    echii  folio  if  fown  in  the  Spring ;    or  if  the 

emguftijfimo.  Touru.  Cor,    Perennial  Seeds  are  permitted  to  fcattcr,  and 

Clt»^BuglofS|  lying  fpread  upon  the  the  Ground  be   kept  clean  from 

Wccd5, 


B  U  B  U 

Weeds,  the  Plants  will  come  ap,  very  deep  in  the  Ground ;  to  will 
tsd  may  afterward  be  tranfplanted  mot  bear  tranfplanting  well,  when 
into  Bedsy  where  they  are  defigned  they  have  acquired  much  Strength, 
to  remain:  thefe  autumnal  Plants  The  thirteenth  Sort  is  a  very  low- 
will  flower  the  next  Summer,  and,  fpreading  Plant ;  (o  fhould  be  a!- 
after  the  Sfeeds  are  {Jerfefted,  the  lowed  more  room  than  the  four- 
Pknts  generally  decay;  therefore  teenth,  which  grows  upright,  and 
a  firefli  Supply  of  Plants  (hould  be  becomes  ihrubby. 
inDoally  raiifed  where  thefe  Plants  The  fifteenth  and  fifteenth  Sorts 
ait  to  be  preferVjcd.  are  biennial  Plants,  which  feldom 

The  twelfth  Sort  is  an  annual  abide  after  they  have  perfeded  their 

Plant  of  an  humble  Orowth,  feldom  Seeds,  which  is  ufually  the  fecond 

rifing  above  three  or  four  Inches  Vear  after  they  are  fo^n.     Thefe 

lugh:  this  produces  pr6tty  Variegated  Plants  are  propagated  by  Seeds,  iii 

Flowers  of  a  fweet  Scent,  for  which  the  fame  manner  as  the  commba 

it  is  preferved  by  the  Curious  :    if  Tuglofs  ;  but  (hould  have  a  warmer 

the  Seeds  of  this^Sort  are  fown  in  Situation,  and  a  drier  Soil,  other- 

Autumn,  the  Pldiits  will  abide  the  wife  they  will  not  live   thro*  the 

Winter,  and  flower  early  the  fol-  Winter  in  this  Climate;  therefore  it 

lowing  Spring,   ft)  th^it  good  Seeds  will  be  proper  to  plant  a  few  of 

nay  be  expedted  from  them  5  and,  thefe  Plants  into  Pots  while  they  are 

if  thefe  Seeds  are  permitted  to  feat-  young,  that  they  may  be  (heltcred 

ter,  the  Plants  Will' come  iip  better  under  a  common  Frame  in  Winter* 

than  if  fown'  with  C^re;  provided  and  if  the  Spring  following  they  are 

the  Ground    is    S:ept  ^  tfean    from  ihaken  out  of  the  Pots  carefully,. 

Weeds.                -        '' foai  to  preferve  the  Earth  about 

The  thirteenth    and   fourteenth  their  Roots,  and  planted  in  a  Bed 

Sorts  arc   perennial  Plants,  vihich  of'frelh  Earth,  they  will  grow  much 

are  fomewhat  tenderer  than  either  ftronger,    and    produce    a   greater 

of  the  former.     Thefe  are  propa-  Ncimber  of  Flovycrs,   than  if  they 

gated  by  Seeds,  which  Ihould  be  remain  in  the  Pots.   But  thefe  Plants^ 

fown  on  a  warm  Border  of  frefli  light  having  Tap-roots,    will   not  bear 

iandy  Earth,  early  in  the  Spring ;  tranfplanting  any    better  than  the 

^  when  the  Plants  begin  to  ap-  two  former  Sorts.    Thefe  will  come 

Pttr,you  rnnHt  carefully  dear  them  up  from  the  fcattered  Seeds  in  Att- 

» from  Weeds ;    and  as  they  advance,  'tumn. ' 

fo  they  (hould  be  thinned,  to  leave  BUGULA,  Bugle, 

them  about  eighteen  Riches  afunder.  The  CbaraSers  are ; 

whidi  is  all  the  Culture  they  will  //  hath  a  F/oiver  confifting  of  on§ 

require.     The   fecond    V^ear   they  Leaf  njotth  one  Lip  iMded  into  three 

will  produce   Flowers   and  'Seeds,  Parts,  the  Middle  of  <which  is  Jplit 

hut  will  contirincfeVerallTears  after,  'itrto  t*wo:    the  Place  of  tf^e  Under* 

c^^ially  if  they  are  ma  dry  rub-  Jif\is  fuppUed  by  fmall  Teeth :    omi 

bifliy  Soil,  which  is  poor  :   for  in  2,  0/  the  Flower-cup  rifes  the  Pointal^ 

nioift  rich   Earth  they   wih   grow  fxed  like  a  Nail  into  the  hinder  Part 

▼cry  luxuriant  in  Summer,  but  are  of  the  Flo-vjer^   and  attended,  as  if 

generally  deflroyed  wich  feain  and  <ujere,  hy  four  Emhryoes,  which  a/-^ 

Ptoft  in  Winter.     Thefe  generally  terward  become  fo  many  oblong  Seeds, 

fend  forth  Tap-roots,  which  run  Jhut  up  in  as  Ht^,  which  befirg  naas 


BU 

or  four  Inchet  bandar;  after  tliia 

they  will  reqaire  no  otber  Cultare^ 
bat  to  keep  tbem  clear  from  Weeds  i 
for  tbey  do  not  bear  trsmrplaoting ; 
fo  muft  be  fowA  where  they  are  to 
remain.  The  Autumn  following 
the  Roots  will  be  fit  for  Ufe,  and 
will  continue  good  all  the  Winter, 
till  they  (hoot  up  their  Stems  in  the 
Spring  for  Seed ;  after  which  time 
they  are  tough,  and  not  fit  for  eat^ 

U»g. 
BULBOCODIUM. 

The  CharaStrs  are ; 

^be  Tlvwtn  <onfifi  cf  9ni  U^ft 
mnd  an  di*vUid  iuU  fix  ^tgmntf^ 
being  in  Sbafe  like  the  Cntus-fivwer  ;. 
ihi  Liofvtf  an  *very  long  andnarrtnu: 
tbt  Root  confifts  of  f olid  Bulbs,  ont 
0Vir  tbe  otber,  iufbicb  are  elojely 
joined. 

We  have  but  one  species  of  this 
Plant  in  the  Bnglijh  Gardens;  which 

BuLBOConiUM  cr9ci  folio f  fiore 
fanvo  fuioiaceo^  T.  Cor,  fiulboco- 
diqm  with. Leaves  like  the  Saffron, 
and  fmall  violet-cplour*d  Flowcn. 

This  Plant  is  cultivated  after  the 
manner  of  the  Spring  Crocus's; 
nfix,  by  partine  its  Bulbs,  or  fowing 
the  Seeds :  it  u  (commonly  three  or 
four  Years  before  it  comes  to  flower 
Arora  Seed ;  but  as  it  increafes  but 
llowly  by  the  Root,  we  muft  fow 
the  Seeds,  if  we  intend  to  have  a 
Stock  of  this  Plant :  it  flowers  in 
Jfril,  and  the  Seeds  arf  ripe  inynne, 
nnd  ihould  be  fown  foon  after  in 
Pots  of  common  Earthy  where  they 
flipuld  remain  two  Years  undifturb'd, 
lUdd  then  ma^  be  planted  out  into  a 
Border,  at  abou(  three  Inches  fquare, 
where  they  may  fland  to  flower: 
it  is  alfo  very,  probable,  that  fome 
Other  Colours  may  be  obtain^  by 
fowing  the  Seeds,  as  w^  find  is  often 

t))f  Cafe  with  moft  otber  Bu]b?^ when 
iBifpd  kom  .&cedi» 


'  ^i 


B  U 

fi]UPHTHALMUM,  Oxqre. 
The  CbaraBers  are ; 

7bo  vjbole  Face  of  tbis  PJaxi  it 
like  Tanfiff :  tbe  Flofttferj,  ^ubicb  an 
radiated,  an,  for  tbe  tmofi  part,  pr§' 
ducedfimply;  tbe  Florets  of  tbe  DiJ^ 
are  /eparated  ^mtb  an  imbricated 
little  Leaf 

The  Species  aft  I 

u  BupnTHALMUM  tattactti  mir 
nan's  folio,  C  B.  Tl^e  common 
Ox-eye,  with  Leaves  like  Tanfey. 

a.  fivPHTHALMUM  Orientole,  ta* 
naeeti  minoris  folio^  fiore  lutea  oar 
plijpmo.  T.  Cor,  The  Eaflcm  Ox* 
eye^  with  large  yellow  Flowert. 

3.  BuPHTHALMUM  OHentale,  to* 
uaceti  minoris  folio,  fiore  albo  am- 
plijjimo,  f  .  Cor,  The  Eailern  Ot' 
eye,  with  large  white  Flowers. 

4.  BuPHTUALMUu  tauactti  mif 
noris  folio  incano,  fiore  fidpbureo  amr 
pUfiimo,  Boerb,  Ind.  Ox-eye  with 
hoary  Tanfey -leaves,  and  large  ful- 
phur-colour'd  Mowers. 

5.  BupHTHALMuu  Creticmn,  ct- 
tulte  fylio,  Breyn.  Cent.  i.  Ox-eye 
from  Crete,  with  a  Mayweed-leaf. 

The  firA  of  thefe  Plants  is  men- 
tioned by  Mr.  Ray  as  a  Native  of 
England,  but  is  rarely  found  wild 
with  us.  The  next  two  were  found 
by  Monf.  Tournefort,  in  the  Levant, 
Thefe  are  propagated  by  fowing 
their  Seeds  in  Marcb,  in  a  Bed  <» 
light  Earth ;  and  when  they  ire 
come  up,  may  be  tranfplanted  into 
Borders  of  the  Flower-gardeni  or 
into  little Wildernefs-quaners.  Thefe 
Plants  continue  flowering  almoft  all 
the  Summer  long ;  for  which  tbey 
deferve  a  Place  in  every  good  Ga^ 
den.  The  Flowers  are  very  pro^ 
per  to  gather  for  Flower-pots,  tp 
adorn  Rooms  and  Chimneys  in  die 
Siin^mer-fi^afon. 

They  delight  in  a  dry  Soil,  and 
filch  as  is  not  much  dunged;  and 
mpy  alfo  .b(  in^npafed  by  pafuag 


BU 

liutis  Roots  at  MicAaglmai,  or  earl/ 
in  the  Spring. 

The  fourth  Sort  was  fent  from 
AMftrU  to  the  learned  Dr.  Botrhaavg 
9tLtjden:  This  is  fo  nearly  akin 
CO  the  two  Eaflem  Sorts,  as  not  to 
be  diftinguifhed  therefrom,  but  by 
their  hoa^  Leaves,  and  the  Colour 
fit  tlie  Flower:  it  muft  be  treated 
in  the  (ame  manner  as  hath  been  di- 
re&ed  for  them. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant: 
thb  is  propagated  from  Seeds,  which 
ihould  be  fown  on  a  Bed  of  light 
frcih  Earth ;  and  when  the  Planes 
are  come  op  two  Inches  high,  they 
Ihoold  be  tranfplanted  where  they 
are  to  remain  to  flower,  where  they 
muft  be  allowed  at  leall  a  Foot,  to 
fpread  their  Branches :  they  require 
no  other  Care,  but  to  keep  them 
dear  from  Weeds :  in  July  they 
will  flower,  and  in  Autumn  they 
perfed  their  Seeds.  Some  Botanic 
Authors  have  mentioned  three  or 
four  Varieties  of  this  Plant,  one 
with  a  naked  Flower,  another  with 
'tay  fmall  Rays,  and  one  with  large 
Rays;  but  thefe  Varieties  will  all 
oome  from  the  fame  Seeds,  as  I  have 
frequently  experienced. 

BUPLEUROIDES.  Fide  Phillis. 

BUPLEURUM,  Harescar. 
The  Cbaraatrs  are ; 

Thi  Liavts  grow  alternately  itpm 
the  Branches  ;  and^for  the  moft  part^ 
furromnd  tbt  Stalk,  having  no  Foot- 
jtalk :  tht  Seeds  an  tileng^  /mooth, 
and  furrvw'd. 

The  Species  zre; 

I.  BuPLEURUM  fplio  rigido,  C, 
JB.  P.     Stiff.  Icav'd  Hare's  car. 

a.  B  u FLE  u  au  M  /olio  Juhrotnnio, 
fivi  ^ndgatijpmum,  Toum.  The  moft 
common  round-leavM  Hare's-ear. 

3.  BvPi.svaoM  annuum  angufiifo^ 
Unm.  Boi.  Msnfy.  Narrow-l^v'd 
annual  Hare Veac 


B  U 

4.  BuPLBVRUM  emnmm  ntlmmtm 
angupifolium.  H,  R.  Par.  The  leail 
narrow-leavM  annual  Hare*s  ear. 

C.  BuPLBURVM  anguftiffimofoUa. 
C.  B,  P,  Very  narrow  leav'd  JEIare's* 


6.  BuPLEURVM  perfoliatum  ro» 
fundifolium  annuum,  Tenm,  Annual 
round-Ieav'd  Hare's-ear,  commonl/ 
called  Thorough-w^. 

7.  BuPLEURUM  perfoliatum  bngh 
folium  annuum.  Toum.  Annual  long* 
leav'd  perfoliated  Hare's*ear. 

8.  BuPLBURUM  montanum  latifo^ 
lium.  Toum.  Broad-leav'd  mountaia 
Hare's- ear. 

9.  BupLEURUii  montanumt  Jhfi 
cults  exiguis.Toam.  Mountain HaitV 
ear,  with  fmall  Flowers. 

10.  BuPLEURUM  Alpinum  latifg* 
•  lium  minus.  Toum.     Smaller  broad* 

leav'd  Hare's-ear  of  the  Jlps. 

1 1 .  BuPLEURUM  Alpinum  angufiU 
folium  fhajus.  Toum,    Greater  nar* 

row  leav'd  Hare's  car  of  the  Alps.  * 

12.  BuPLEURUM  Alpinum  am» 
guftifoUum  minus.  Toum.  Smaller 
narrow -leav'd  Hare's-ear  of  the 
Alps. 

13.  BuPLEURUM  montanum^  grm^ 
mineo folio.  Toum.  Mountain  HareV 
ear,  with  a  Grafs-leaf. 

14.  BuPLEURUM  Hifpanicum  or* 
hortfcensy  gramineo  folio  Toum,  Spa*> 
njft)  Tree  Hare's-ear,  with  a  Grafr* 
leaf. 

15.  BuPLEURUM  Hifpanicum  fru* 
ticofum  aculeatum,  graminto  foliom 
Toum,  Prickly  5'^a«^  Shrub  HareV 
ear,  with  a  Grafs-leaf. 

1 6 .  B  u  p  L  E  u  R  u  M  L«^/inr jVmv,  ^4* 
mineo  longiori  i^  rigidijfftnut  foBo^ 
Toum.  Portugal  HareVear,  with  a 
long  rigid  Grafs-leaf. 

17.  BuPLEURUM  Orientali  en* 
guftifolium,  femim  longiori.  T$ur»» 
Cor.  Narrow-leav'dEaftemHaie'a- 
car,  with  a  longer  Seed. 

P  4  It*  Bix<: 


B  U 

18.  BuPLEURUM  arhorefcenSy  fo- 
/fi  faluii.  Ipuru,  Sefeli  JEthioficum, 
/,u(cx.  Dod,  The  fhrubby  Hart- 
wort  of  Ethhfia, 

19.  BupLLURUM  filiis  radica- 
lihui  pivtwtj-incijss^  caulinis  fyfci- 
^ulatis  ^uaetragcnh,  Tlor.  Leyd* 
Shrub'^y  Harc's-car,  with  the  lower 
Leaves  wjiig'^d,  and  the  upper  Leaves 
iquar^',  growing  in  Bunches. 

The  hfth  and  lixth  Sorts  are  Na- 
tives of  Engluhd^  and  grow  on  cul- 
tivated Places  amongft  the  Corn  in 
fcveral  Counties.  'J'he  fixth  Sort  is 
]^1aced  amongd  the  medicinal  Plants 
in  the  College  Diipenfatory  ;  but  is 
rarely  ufcd,  though  it  has  been 
fornicrly  eileemed  as  a  vulnerary 
Herb. 

All  thefe  Sorts,  excepting  the 
fourteenth,  fifteenth,  and  eighteenth, 
are  annual  Plants,  which  are  ex- 
tremely hardy,  and  may  be  propa- 
gated by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  Au- 
tumn, uix)n  a  Bed  of  freih  Earth, 
in  almou  any  Situation ;  but  they 
thilve  bed  in  the  Shadp.  When 
the  Plants  are'come  up,  they  Ihould 
be  thinned  where  they  come  up  too 
thick,  and  cleared  from  Weed?, 
which  is  all  the  Culture  thefe  Plants 
require  ;  for  if  they  are  permitted 
to  ihed  their  Seeds,  the  Plants  wilj 
come  up,  and  maintain  themfelves 
without  any  Care. 

The  fourttcnth  ?nd  fifteenth  Sorts 
^re  perennial  Plants,  which  rife  tp 
the  Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet;  thefe 
inay  be  propagated  by  fowing  their 
Seeds  on  a  fli^dy  Border  in  the 
Springy  or  in  Pots  foon  after  they 
arc  ripe  in  Autumn :  thefe  Pots  may 
be  put  under  a  common  Hot- bed- 
frame?  in  Wipter,  and  the  Seeds  will 
jpome  up  better  than  tjiofe  fown  in 
fhe  Spring:  wjien  the  Plants  arc  two 
Jnchca  hi^jh,    they  may   be   tranf- 

pliwt€i^l  loftfe  gf  ijjpm  ipte'PotI 


B  U 

filled  with  light  Earth,  and  othen 
into  a  ihady  Border^  where,  if  thejr 
are  duly  watered^  and  kept  clear 
from  Weeds,  they  will  thrive  vciy 
well :  thofe  planted  in  Pots  (hoald 
be  iheltered  in  Winter,  and  the 
others  may  be  left  abroad,  where, 
in  the  ordinary  Winters,  they  will 
abide  "^txy  well,  but  in  fevere  Froft 
they  are  often  defboyed  ;.  therefore 
fome  Plants  of  each  Sort  ihould  al- 
ways be  kept  in  Pots,  and  (heltered 
from  the  Cold. 

The  eighteenth  Sort  is  a  fhrobby 
Plant,  coromonl/  growing  to  the 
Height  of  iix  or  feven  Feet,  and 
divides  into  many  Branches:  the 
Leaves,  which  are  ever-green,  are 
fomewhat  like  thofe  of  the  broad- 
leav'd  Willow,  but  much  thicker : 
this  Shrub  is  hardy,  and  will  endure 
our  fevereft  Winters  in  the  open 
Air,  provided  it  is  planted  in  a  dry 
Soil :  this  may  be  propagated  by 
Cuttings,  which  will  take  Root, 
if  they  are  planted  the  Latter-end 
of  ^ugufiy  Of  the  Beginning  of  Stp- 
tember^  on  a  Ihady  Border,  and  con- 
flantly  watered  in  dry  Weather: 
thefe  will  be  well  rooted  by  the  fol- 
lowing Autumn,  and  may  then  be 
tranfplanted  where  tlicy  arc  to  rc^ 
main. 

The  nineteenth  Sort  grows  to  the 
Height  of  four  or  five  Feet,  aqd 
becomes  fhrubby:  the  under  Leaves 
of  this  are  cut  and  divided  into  fe- 
vf ral  Lobes,*  like  many  of  the  um* 
belliferous  Plants ;  but  thefe  foon 
fell  away ;  fp  that  they  are  not  frc* 
quently  obfcrved  ;  but  the  upper 
Leaved  have  a  great  Refembl^i^^^' 
^f  flrft  Sight,'  to  thofe  of  the  Horfc- 
tail  :  this  Sort  may  be  propagated 
by  Seeds,  or  planting  Cuttiigs,  da- 
ring any  of  the  Summer- months; 
thelatfer  Method  is  ufaally  praftifcd 
4»  £ffgiand,  bc^ufe  the  Seeds  ai« 


B  U 

not  often  perfedled :  the  Plants  muft 
be  hoafed  in  Winter  with  Orange- 
trees,  l^c.  for  they  kre  too  tender  to 
live  abroad  in  Winter  in  this  Country. 

£URN£T.     yUe  Pinipinella. 

B  U  T  O  M  U  S,  The  Flowering- 
ffuih,  or  Water- gladiole. 

The  CharaSiTi  are  ;  ... 

7be  Leaves  are  triangular  and 
frerjy:  the  Sialki  are  naked :  the 
Ftmaers  are  difpofed  in  an  Umbel  upon 
the  Top  of  the  Stalk ;  and  each  (on- 
Jifis  if  fix  Leaves:  three  of  them 
are  large^  and  three  Jmall^  *which 
are  expanded  in  form  of  a  Rofe. 
The  Spcies  are  ; 

1.  BuTOMUs  fiore  rofto,  Toum. 
The  rofe-coiour'd  Flowering-rufh. 

2.  BuTOMUS  fore  albo.  Toum. 
The  white  Flowering-rufti. 

3.  fiuTOMUS  fiore  faturate  pur- 
fareo.  Boerh,  Ind,  The  deep  purple- 
coloured  Flowering- ru(h. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Varieties  it 
pretty  common  in  Standmg-waters, 
ill  many  Parts  of  England i  the 
ether  two  are  Varieties  of  thi»,  iho* 
lefs  common  with  us :  thefe  Plants 
may  be  propagated  in  boggy  Places, 
or  by  planting  them  in  Ciiterns, 
which  (hould  be  kept  filled  with 
Water,  that  ihould  have  about  a 
Foot  Thicknefs  of  Earth  in  the 
Bottom :  thefe,  tho'  common  Plants, 
yet  produce  very  pretty  Flowers, 
and  are  worth  propagating  for  Va- 
riety-fake, efpeeially  if  in  any  Part 
of  the  Garden  there  ihould  be  Con- 
veniency  for  an  artificial  Bog,  or 
where  there  are  Ponds  of  Standing- 
water,  as  is  many  times'  the  Cafe, 
and  Perfons  are  at  a  Lofs  what  10 
plant  in  fuch  Places,  that  may  ap- 
pear beautiful  t  whereas,  if  thefe, 
and  a  few  more  wild  Plants,  which 
naturally  grow  in  fuch  Places,  were 
taken  into  the  Garden,  they  would 
tovf  a  w^ry  ^ood  liiFett, 


B  U 

BUXUS,  The  Box-trec. 
The  CharaBers  are  ; 

The  Leaves  are  pennated^  and  ever* 
green :  it  hath  Male  Flaviers^  ivhich 
are  produced  at  remote  Diftances  from 
the  Fruit  en  the  fame  Tree:  theFrmi 
is  fl?aped  like  a  Pottage-pot  inverted, 
and  is  divided  into  three  Cells^  coth- 
taining  tnvo  Seeds  in  each^  Vfhich, 
vjhen  ripe^  are  caft  forth  by  the 
Elafticity  of  the  Vgffel 
The  Species  are ; 

x.^MXXi^ arbor efeens,  C.B,  The 
Box-tree. 

2.  Buz  us  arbore/cens  angnfiifolia. 
The  narrow-leav'd  Box-tree, 

3.  Buxus  foliis  ex  luteo  varie* 
gatis.  H,  R.  Par.     Striped  Box. 

4.  Buxus  majfir^  foliis  per  lim* 
bum  aureis.  H.  R,  Par,  The  gold- 
edg*d  Box-tree. 

5.  Buxus  humilis,  Dod.  The 
Dwarf  Box. 

6.  Buxus  humilisy  foliis  variegatis. 
The  Dwarf  ftriped  Box. 

7.  Buxus  major  J  foliis  per  lim^ 
bum  argentfis.  The  Elver -edged 
Box. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  grow 
in  great  Plenty  upon  Box-hill  near 
Darking  in  Surry^  where  were  for- 
merly large  Trees  of  thefe  Kinds; 
but  of  lace  they  have  been  pretty  ' 
much  deiiroyed ;  yet  there  are  great 
Numbers  of  the  1  rces  remaining, 
which  are  of  a  confiderable  Bignefs. 
The  Wood  of  this  Tree  is  very  ufe- 
ful  for  Turners,  Engravers,  and  Ma- 
thematical •  in llrument  -  makers,  the 
Wood  being  fo  hard,  clofe,  and  pon- 
derous, as  to  fink  in  Water,  which 
renders  it  very  valuable  for  divers 
Utcnfils. 

All  the  Varieties  of  the  Tree  or 
large  Box  are  proper  to  intermix  in 
Clumps  of  Ever- greens,  (5V.  where 
they  add  to  the  Variety  .of  fuch 

Plantaiions ; 


B  U 

yUtttadons:  thefe  may  be  propa* 
gated  by  planting  the  Cuttings  in 
Aatamn  in  a  (hady  Border,  obTenr- 
Ing  to  keep  them  watered  until  they 
have  taken  Root;  when  they  may 
be  tranfplanted  into  Nurferies,  till 
they  are  fit  for  the  Purpofes  in- 
tended. The  beft  Seafon  for  remove- 
ing  thcfe  Trees  is  in  Offoher^  tho* 
indeed,  if  Care  be  ufed  to  take  them 
up  with  a  good  Ball  of  Earth,  they 
nay  be  tranfplanted  almoft  at  any 
time,  except  in  the  Summer :  thefe 
Trees  are  a  very  great  Ornament  to 
cold  and  barren  Soils,  where  few 
other  things  will  grow:  they  may 
alfo  be  propagated  by  laying  down 
the  Branches,  or  from  Seeds:  the 
laft  being  the  beft  Method  to  have 
them  grow  to  be  large,  the  Seeds 
xnuil  be  fown  foon  after  they  are  ripe 
in  a  (hady  Border,  which  muft  be 
duly  watered  in  dry  Weather. 

The  Dwarf  Kind  of  Box  is  afed 
for  bordering  of  Flower- beds,  or 
Borders ;  for  which  Purpofe  it  far 
exceeds  any  other  Plant,  it  being 
fubje^  to  no  Injuries  from  Cold  or 
Heat,  and  is  of  a  long'  Duration, 
is  wtry  eafily  kept  handfome,  and, 
by  the  Firmnefs  of  its  Rooting, 
keeps  the  Mould  in  the  Borders  from 
w^fhing  into  the  Gravel-walks  more 
effedually  than  any  Plant  whatever : 
this  is  increafed  by  parting  the 
Roots,  or  planting  the  Slips ;  but 
as  it  makes  fo  great  an  Increafe  of^ 
itfelf,  and  fo  eafily  parts,  it  is  hardly 
worth  while  to  plant  the  Slips  that 
have  no  Roots ;  but  it  is  now  be- 
come fo  common,  that  it  may  be 
purchafed  from  the  Nurferies  at  a 
cheap*  Race. 

The  manner  of  planting  this  in 
Edgings,  ^c,  is  fo  well  underftood 
by  every  working  Gardener,  that  it 
would  be  needlefs  to  mention  any 
thing  of  that  kind  here. 


c  A 


«bow>^«b«£^« 


>§^WK!^«5^'^^^5kr; 


C  A 


CAAPEBA. 
The  Cbmraagrs  are ; 

//  baib  a  Rofe-fitRver^  cmtpfting  §f 
four  Liontt^  which  mte  flacedt^ 
culttrly,  hut  an  JleriU;  fvm  the 
MidMe  arifet  tb$  Poimaly  *wbich  is 
flain^  rounJ^  and  mabilieated:  the 
Emhryois  grow  at  aftfarate  DifioMce 
on  tbi  fame  Plants^  which  a/tcrward 
becomi  foft  fpbirical  Btrriis^  imchidt' 
ing  rough  Seods. 

The  SpeciijBxe; 

I  Caapbba  foiio  orbiatlari  V 
nmbiiicato  l^*ui.  Pimm,  Nov.  Gcm, 
Caapeba  with  a  round  umbiliaUBd 
Leaf. 

2.  Caapsba /#£#  orbicMlari  MM" 
hilicato  toMunto/o,  Plum,  Nov,  G»« 
Caapeba  with  a  round  woolly  umbi* 
licated  Leaf. 

3.  Caapeba  /oh'o  orbicuian  an 
itmiiJicato,  Plum,  Nov,.  Gen,  Cu« 
peba  with  a  round  Leaf,  not  nmbi- 
licated. 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  die 
warmeft  Parts  of  America^  where 
they  twift  themfelves  round  what- 
ever  Trees  or  Shrubs  grqw  near 
them,  and  fometimes  rife  to  the 
Height  of  fix  or  feven  Feet :  they 
are  propagated  hy  Seeds,  which 
Ihould  be  Town  in  Pots  filled  widi 
freih  light  Earth,  early  in  the  Spring: 
thefe  Pots  nuft  be  plunged  into  a 
moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
and  muft  be  frequently  refireihed 
with  Water. 

When  thefe  Plants  are  come  ap 
about  an    Inch  in  Height,    they, 
fhould   be  tranfplanted  into  fmall 
Pots  fiUed  with  light  rich  Earthi 
and  plunged  into  the  Hot- bed  agaio, 

obfcrviDg 


N 


C  A 

obfermg  to  water  and  (hade  tlicffl 
ttndl  they  have  taken  new  Root ;  af- 
ter vhich  time  the  GlaiTes  fliould  be 
raiCed  in  warm  Weather  every  Day*. 
to  admit  frefli  Air  to  the  Plants,  and 
ahey  muft  be  frequently  refreOied 
with  Water.  During  the  Summer- 
feafon  they  may  remain  in  the  Hot* 
i>ed ;  but  at  Michaelmas  they  mufb 
be  removed  into  the  Bark-ftove» 
wiicre  they  ibould  have  a  moderate 
Pegree  of  Heat,  and  muft  be  fVe- 
qoeatJy  refreflied  with  Water.  The 
fecond  Year  fome  of  the  firongeft 
Plants  will  flower,  and  will  continne 
^veral  Years  after. 

CABBAGE.     Fide  BraiSca. 

CACALIANTHEMUM,  Vidi 
Kldnia. 

CACALIA. 

This  Plant  hath  no  Englijb  Name* 
The  CbaraSers  are ; 

//  bath  a  fiofatloui  Flo^jocr^  con- 
fifii^  9f  many  Pitak^  di<vid$d  int9 
fwur  Parts  ^fitting  on  the  Embryo,  and 
ecntaintdin  an  alnufi  cylindrical  Em^ 
f  aliment  :  the  Emhyo  aftem»ard  bo» 
comes  a  Seed,  fumijhid  ijoitb  Down, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  QACkhih  tonuntofa,  C,  B>  P^ 
Woolly  Cacalia. 

2.  Cacalia  Jbliis  crajfis  birfutit,, 
C.  B,  P.  -Cacalia  wi.th  thick  haiiy 
Ixaves. 

3.  QACkt.1  h  fbhis  cMfaneis  acntio^ 
rihtts  br  gUhns.  C.  B.  P.  Cacalia 
inth  {jodooth-pointed  Leaves. 

4.  Cacalia  Pyrenaica,  alliariof 
folio.  Toum,  Pyrenean  Cacalia,  with 
an  Alliaria-leaf. 

5.  Cacalia  Alfina,  JoUis  utrin^ 
qne  denfo  (ff  candidiffimo  tomento  obfi^ 
tls.  7oum.  Cacalia  of  the  Jlps,  whofe 
Leaves  are  covered  on  both  Side9 
with  a  thick  white  Down. 

6.  Cacalia  Firginiana  glabra, 
folUs  deltoidihus  finuatis  fnhtus  glasi" 
cis.    Morif,     Smooth  VirgtmoM  Ca- 

c^lia,  wi4^  ^oaced  Lestvesi  which 


c  A 

are  of  a  fea*green  Colour  cm  tfadr^ 
Under-fide. 

7.  Cacalia  foUis  roiun£erilnu^ 
ad  caulem  feffilihus*  Mor,  C^ralia 
with  round  Leaves  fitting  dofe  to  the 
Stalk. 

S .  C  A  c  A 1 1 A  Americana  procerier^ 

folio  triangulari  per  bafin  eusricnlato^ 

fori  has  alb  is.     Taller  American  Ca« 

calia,  with  a  triangular  Leaf,  ear*d 

at  the  Bottom^  and  white  Flowers. 

The  ikvt  Sorts  firH-mentioned  are 
Nativen  of  the  Alps,  and  Pyrenease 
Mountains,  as  alfo  of  fome  moun*' 
tainousPlaces  in  Auftria  faom  whence 
they  have  been  procured  by  fome 
Perfons  who  are  curious  in  Botany  % 
but  they  have  little  Beauty ;  fo  are 
rarely  to  be  found  in  other  Gardens. 
The  iixth  and  eighth  Sorts  are  Na- 
tives of  Firginia,  and  Other  of  the 
Northern  Parts  of  America,  from 
whence  their  Seeds  have  been 
brought  into  the  EngUfi  Gardens. 

Thefe  two  Sorts  greatly  multiply 
by  their  creeping  Roots;  fo  that  if 
they  are  not  kept  within  proper  Li- 
mits,  they  will  foon  overrun  the 
Garden  :  therefore  they  ihould  only 
have  a  Place  in  fome  abje^  Part  of 
the  Garden,  as  they  are  Plants  of  lit- 
tle Beautv. 

The  eighth  Sort  has  increafed  fo 
faH,  both  by  Roots  and  Seeds,  as  that, 
in  a  itw  Years,  it  may  be  taken  for 
a  native  Plant ;  for  where  it  has  been 
thrown  out  of  the  Gardens,  it  has 
taken  Root,  and  propagated ;  and 
from  Roots  thrown  out  of  the  Phy- 
fic-garden,  which  have  been  carried 
by  the  Tide  of  the  River  to  a  great 
Diilance,  they  have  fafiened  to  the 
Banks,  where  they  grow  and  fpread 
.  very  fail. 

They  arc  all  of  them  vtry  hardy 
Plants  in  refped  to  Cold  ;  therefore 
they  pull  have  a  cool  fhady  Situa- 
tion, and  fhould  be  planted  in  a 
ftrong  frefb  Earth,  which  has  hot 

been 


C  A 


Ci 


mM  dvuftd:  ckcf  our  be 

^•.^  by  yAfitU'^  of  t:e:r  Rotrs  at 

Bfc  b^  :o  k«tp  c»eai  citar  frc^i 
hfcnAh^  aod  in  very  dry  Weaticr  •» 
I'ater  tbcm  two  or  tl.ree  tiacs  a 

1'h«y  flttif  s)^  be  oropsgated  by 
lcr<J%  i  buc  CbouU  be  (own  an  ibos  at 
K/Hible  after  they  arc  ripe ;  for  tbcy 
KiJi  not  gfOW«  if  they  are  kept  loag 
N*t  of  the  Ground,  Tbefc  Seeds 
bould  be  Umn  in  Pou  filled  witk 
irefti  loamy  E^arth^  and  placed  m  a 
badv  bitoation.  In  Aatmnn  they 
riuft  be  tranfpUnud  into  a  fijady 
lordfTf  at  aboat  two  Feet  apart, 
vhrre  rbey  may  remain  to  flower. 

C  AC  AO,  'J'he  Chocolate- not. 
The  (IhrdraHtn  aref 

//  hi4th  m  Rn>/ffl0Wir^  cvtififiing  0/ 
fjffjfif  Numhif  9/ Pttahjram'wh^fe 
ntoti  hti'v'd  Empalimtnt  ariftt  ih$ 
^*i'it*inl,'wh'tth  h  a  Tubs  cui  into mut^ 
^t4Pfi.  nuhth  tifttrnuard  becoma  a 
f'V  Htl  Jhnp,HfmtnAfhat  like  m  Cucum- 
^'r,  tittti  dtipty  furronnei^  in  nvbich 
«'#•  tOHtaimd  /tnjiraiStidi^  colUaed 
'///•  an  oihni  Head,  mnd  art  flit  dmtm 
f.ffhuK'h,$t  hkt  Alftfndt, 

Wr  have. but  one  Sptcitt  of  tbb 
l'l»tn(  1  wliuh  ii, 

C '  M  A  o .    CU/,  Kxot.    The  Cho- 
loUir  fiiit  trco. 

Till*  Tree  ii  a  Native  of  America^ 
•lul  u  litviml  in  great  Plenty  in  feve- 
litl  I'Uiik  bctwcrn  the  Tropics  but 
iMiUiiiltdly  ut  Cittratca  and  Car* 
/'•f/.i**>«,fr  im  the  Kivtr  Jmazottt^  in 
lito  IdliinuM  (if  t>4rf(n,  ac  Honduras^ 
^itt'jiM4i*tt  and  NtcarftfiuM,  At  all 
iIuMp  I'liuch  It  |;row«  wild,  without 
i'uliiiici  but  it  iMultivatcd  in  many 
«»l  I  lit*  tiUiuU  wliiih  arc  pollcffcd  by 
thr  A/ #«*</»  Aiul  Sfaui.irdj,  and  was 
lurniiily  i^luntid  in  lomc  of  the 
Illaiul .  which  ttic  in  thr  Podc'llion  of 
•  In:  ^vi;/// '  I  bin  it  h;^^  been  neglc^. 
cU  lui  iiun>  Vcata  puil,  fo  time  at 


ed  iniD  Bozo  of  Eana 


tbey  are  npa 
are  fcnt  over, 
growing  Qoality,  bcfare 
Tbde  Boxes  (hoald  be  f^aet  ii  1 
(hady  Situation,   aad   m£±  be  ir- 
qoently  watered,   in  cvdsr  to  &- 
ward  the  VegctatioB   of  tse  Nsa. 
In  aboot  a  Fortnight  aitcr  the  Sss 
SLte  planted,  the  Plants  will  afpar 
above-groand ;  when  tbey-  Cioaldbe 
carefully  watered  in   diy  Wcaic, 
and  proteded  from  the  violent  Hca: 
of  the  San,  which  is  very  injorioos 
to  thefe  Plants,  efpccially  whi  e  the; 
arc  young.     When  the  Plvtrs  ire 
grown  Urong  enough  to  tianfport, 
they  (hould  be  (hipped,  and  placed 
where  they  may  be  fcrcen'd  from 
ftrong  Winds,    fait  Water,  and  the 
violent  Heat  of  the  Sun'.     Daring 
their  Paflagc  they  muft  be  frcqacndy 
refrc(hcd  with  Water ;  bur  if  t«oft 
not  be  given  them  in  great  Quann- 
ties.  left  it  rot  the  tender  Fibres  of 

their  Roots,  which  will  ^^^of  '^ 

Plants  i 


C  A 

Fbttts;  and  when  they -come  into  a 
-  cool  Ladtade,  they  inuft  be ,  cape- 
.   &lly  prote&d  from  the  Cold ;  ac 
^hich  time  they  will  not  require  fo 
.  '"^quently  to  be  watered :  for  in  a 
-.  iaodeiate  Degree  of  Heat,  if  they 
^  Javc  gcntleWaterings  twice  a  Weiek, 
^Hwill  be  fufiicient. 
_  ..  When  the  Plants  arrive  in  £%- 
\ '  iEp^,  they  ihould  be  carefully  taken 
'^  mt  of  the  Boxes,  and  each  tranf- 
JTjlh&ted  into  a  feparate  Pot  filled 
"^  ipsh  light  rich  Earth,  and  plunged 
Zjh^  *  moderate  Hot- bed  of  Tan- 
^  Ipers  £ark  i  being  careful  to  cover 
^  ^  GlafTes  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day, 
'_,.to  fcrcen  the  Plants  from  the  Sun : 
^,Aey  mud  alfo  b^  frequently  water- 
ed;  but  it  muft  be  done  with  Cau- 
"^^  tign,  not  to  rot  their  Roots.   In  this 
~     Hot-bed  the  Plants  may  remain  till 
'    Michaelmas,  when  they  mvft  be  re- 
moved into  theBark-ilpve^nd  plung- 
ed into  the  Tan,  in  the  warmeft  Part 
of  the  Stove.     During  the  Winter- 
feafon  the  Plants  mud  be  frequently 
refreihed  with  Water;  but  it  muft  be 
given  to  them  in  fmall  Quantities  : 
yet,  in  Summer,  they  will  require  a 
more  plentiful  Share.  .  Thefe  Plants 
are  too  tender  to  live  in  the  open  Air 
io  thie  Country,  even  in  the  hottetl 
Seafon  of  the  Ydar  ;  therefore  mtiil 
conftantly  remain  in  the  Bark  dove ; 
obfcrving,in  very  warm  Weather,  to 
let  in  a  large  Share  of  freih  Air  to 
them,  and  in.  Winter  .to  keep  them 
very  warm.     As  the  Plants  increase 
in  Bulk,  .they  fhould  ^e  (hifted  into 
larger  Pots;  in  doing  of  which,  there 
mail  be  particular  Care  taken  not  to 
tear  or  bruife  their  Roots,  which 
often  kills  .the  Plants;  nor  mufl  they 
be  placed  in  Pots  too  large ;  becaufe 
that  is  a  flow,  but  fure  Death  to 
them.    The  Leaves  of  thefe  Plants 
moft  be  frequently  waQied,  to  clear 
them  from  Filth ;  which  they  are  fub- 
je£l  to  contract  by  remaining  con- 


c  A 

ftailtly  in  the  Houie ;  and  this  be-* 
comes  an  Harbour  for  fmall  Iiifefb, 
which  will  infeft  the  Plants,  and  de- 
ilroy  them,  if  they  are  not  timely 
wafhed  oW.  If  thefe  Rules  are  duly 
obferved,  the  Phints  will  thrive  very 
wdf,  and  may  produce^  Flowers  hi 
this  Climate :  hot  it  will  be  very  dif- 
ficult to  obtain  Fruit  from  them ;  for, 
being  of  a  very  tender  Nature,  they 
arefubjeft  to  many  Accidents- in  a 
cold  Country. 

CACHRYS. 

We  have  no  EngliJH^  Name  for 
this  Plant. 

The  Cbaraffiri  are; 

Thi  Fkmers  gronu  on  an  Umhil^ 
<ujbich  cwtfifi  rf  many  Petals  ranged  ^ 
circularly,  and  expand  in  form  of  a 
Rofe :  theft  reft  on  the  Empalement, 
iifkicb  turns  to  a  Fruit  compofed  of  tnvo 
Parts,  nvhieb  are  balf  o<val^fomrtimes 
fmootb,  and  fometimes  rovgb  and  cha- 
nelled ;  containing  Seeds  njobicb  refem" 
hie  Barlt-y -corns. 

The  Species  arcj 

1.  CaChkys  femino  fungofo  ful- 
cato  afpiro,  foliis  ferulaceis,  .  Mor. 
Urnh.  Cachrys  with  a  fungous  fur- 
rowed round  Seed,  and  Fennel-giant- 
leaves. 

2.  Cachrts  femine  fungo/o  fttl- 
•  cato  afpero,  foliis  peucedani  latiufcU' 

lis,  Mor.  Umb,  Cachrys  with  a  fiin- 
goas  furrowed  rough  Seed,  and 
broadiih  Hogs-fennel-leaves. 

3.  Cachkys  femine  fungofb  Jul" 
cato  piano  ntajort,  foliis  peucednni  an- 
guftis,  Mor,  Hift.  Cachrys  with  larger 
plain  furrowed  fungous  Seed,  and 
narrow  Hogs-fenneMeaves. 

4.  Cachrys  femine  fungojo  ful* 
cato  piano  minore,  foliis- pencfdrtni, 
Mor,  Umh,  Cachrys  with  fmal7er 
plain  furrowed  fungous  Seed,  and 
Hogs-fenneMeaves. 

5.  Cachrys  Hungarica,  panacis 
folio,    Tostrn,     Hungarian  Cachrys, 

with  an  AU-heal-leaif. 

6.  Ca- 


C  A 

httn  dtmged  :  they  may  be  propa- 
gated by  parting  of  their  Roots  in 
Autumn  ;  and  require  no  other  Cul- 
ture but  to  keep  them  clear  from 
Weeds,  and  in  very  dry  Weather  to 
water  them  two  or  three  times  a 
Week. 

They  may  alfo  be  propagated  by  . 
Seeds ;  but  fhould  be  fown  as  foon  as 
pofiible  after  they  are  ripe  ;  for  they 
will  not  grow,  if  they  are  kept  long 
out  of  the  Ground.  Thefe  Seeds 
fiiould  be  fown  in  Pots  filled  with 
fireih  loamy  Earth,  and  placed  in  a 
ihady  Situation.  In  Autumn  they 
Bioft  be  tranfplanted  into  a  (hady 
Border,  at  about  two  Feet  apart, 
where  they  may  remain  to  flower. 
CACAO,  The  Chocolate- nut. 

The  Qfaradin  are ; 
//  hath  «  Rnfe-Jlrwiry  confifling  of 
m  great  Number  of  Petals^  from  nuhofe 
manylea'v^ii  EmpaUment  arifes  thg 
Pointalfivhich  is  a  Tube  cut  into  mavf 
Partis  ivhich  after^ward  becomes  a 
Fruit  Jhaped  fome^wbat  tike  a  Cucum- 
ber^  and  deefiy  furronoed^  in  lohicb 
are  contained  fcueral  Seeds^  colle&ed 
into  an  oblong  Heady  mndarejlit  donun 
fomenx'bat  like  Almrndt. 

We  have^but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant ;  which  is, 

Cacao.    Cluf  Exot,    The  Cho- 
colate-nut-tree. 

This  Tree  is  a  Native  of  Jmerica, 
and  is  found  in  great  Plenty  in  feve- 
ral  Places  between  the  Tropics,  but 
particularly  at  Carracca  and  Car* 
tbagenetf.  on  the  River  Amanons^  in 
the  IDhmus  of  Dart  en,  at  Honduras  ^ 
Guatimala^  and  Nicaragua,  At  all 
thelc  Places  it  grows  wild,  without 
Culture:  but  it  is  cultivated  in  many 
of  the  I  Hands  which  are  pofTefled  by 
the  French  and  Spaniards,  and  was 
formerly  planted  in  fome  of  the 
Iflandb  which  are  in  the  PolTcfiion  of 
ihe  Er.giifo ;  but  it  has  been  negleft* 
cU  for  many  Years  pail,  fo  that  at 


c  A 

prefent  it  is  fo  fcarce  in  thofe  Place?, 
that  the  Englifo  are  fupplied  with  it 
by  the  French  and  Spaniards,  who 
make  the  Inhabitants  pay  them  a 
good  Price  for  it ;  and  as  there  is  a 
great  Quantity  of  it  cohfumed  by 
the  Englijb,    confequently  it  moft 
make  an  Alteration  in  the  Balance 
greatly  to  the  Prejudice  of  the  Eng- 
lifo\  which  might  be  eaiily  reme- 
died, if  the  Planters  in  our  Colo- 
nies were  induflrious  to  propagate  it; 
fince,  as  it  formerly  grew  on  thofe 
Iflands,  fo  as  to  produce  not  on!y  a 
fofficient  Quantity    for  their  own 
Confumption,  but  to  fupply  Eng- 
land with  great  Quantities,  there  can 
be  no  Objection  to  the  planting  it 
in  thofe  Iflands  again. 

In  order  to  cultivate  this  Plant  ia 
Europe,  by  way  of  Curiofity,  it  will 
be  necefTary  to  have  the  Nuts  plant- 
ed into  Boxes  of  Earth  (in  the  Coaa- 
tries  where  they  grow)  foon  after 
they  are  ripe  ;  becaufe,  if  the  Nuts 
are  fent  over,  they  will  lofe  their 
growing  Quality,  before  they  arrive. 
Thefe  Boxes  flioukl  be  placed  in  a 
(hady  Situation,   and  mud  be  fre- 
quently watered,   in  order  to  for- 
ward the  Vegetation  of  the  Nuts. 
In  about  a  Fortnight  after  the  Nuts 
are  planted,  the  Plants  will  appear 
above-ground  ;  when  they  (hould  be 
carefully  watered  in  dry  Wcatiier, 
and  protected  from  the  violent  Hesc 
of  the  Sun,  which  is  very  injurious 
to  thefe  Plants,  efpecially  while  they 
are  young.     When  the  Plants  are 
grown  ftrong  enough  to  tranfport, 
they  (hould  be  (hipped,  and  placed 
where  they  may  be  fcreen'd  from 
flrong  Winds,    fait  Water,  and  the 
violent  Heat  of  the  Sun.     During 
their  PafTage  they  mull  be  frequently 
refrefhed  with  Water ;  but  it  muft 
not  be  given  them  in  great  Quanti- 
ties. Icrt  it  rot  the  tender  Fibres  of 
Cheir  Roots,  wlHch  will  'd'ffh-oy  the 

Plants  i 


C  A 

Hants ;  anid  when  they  come  into  a 
cool  Ladcodci  they  mu&  be/cai«- 
fiiily  protected  from  the  Cold;  at 
which  time  they  will  not  require  (o 
freqoently  to  be  watered :  for  in  a 
moderate  Degree  of  Heat,  if  they 
have  gentleWaterings  twice  a  Week^ 
it  will  be  fuiiicient. 

When  the  Plants  arrive  in  E/tg- 
hni^  they  ihould  be  carefully  taken 
oat  of  the  Boxes,  and  each  tranf- 
planted  into  a  feparate  Pot  filled 
widi  light  rich  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  a  moderate  Hot- bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark  \  being  careful  to  cover 
the  Glades  in  the  Heat  of  the  Day, 
to  fcreen  the  Plants  from  .the  Sun : 
they  mud  alfo  b(s  frequently  water- 
ed ;  but  it  muft  be  done  with  Cau- 
tion, not  to  rot  their  Roots.  In  this 
Hot-bed  the  Plants  may  remain  till 
Michaelmas,  when  they  muft  be  re- 
moved into  theBark-ftf>ve,and  plung- 
ed into  the  Tan,  in  the  warmeft  Part 
of  the  Stove.  During  the  Winter- 
feafon  the  Plants  mull  be  frequently 
refreihed  with  Water;  but  it  muft  be 
given  to  them  in  fmall  Quantities  : 
yet,  in  Sumnier,  they  will  require  a 
more  plentiful  Share.  Thcfe  Plants 
are  too  tender  to  live  in  the  open  Air 
in  this  Country,  even*  in  the  hottell 
Seafon  of  the  Y^  ;  therefore  miift 
conftantly  remain  in  the  Bark  ftove ; 
obfervingy  in  vcxy  warm  Weather,  to 
lee  in  a  large  Share  of  frcfh  Air  to 
them,  and  in. Winter. to  keep  them 
very  warm.'  As  the  Plants  increase 
in  Bulk,  .th^y  ihould  ))e  (hifted  into 
larger  Pots;  in  doing  of  which,  there 
muft  be  particular  Care  taken  not  to 
tear  or  bruiie  their  Roots,  which 
often  kills. the  Plants;  nor  muft  they 
be  placed  in  l^ots  too  large ;  becaufe 
that  is  a  flow,  but  fure  Death  to 
them.  The  Jycaves  of  thefe  Plants 
muft  be  frequently  walhed,  to  clear 
them  from  Filth ;  which  they  are  fub- 
jeA  to  cQutraft  by  remaining  con- 


C  A 

ftadtly  in  the  Houfe ;  and  this  be- 
comes an  Harbour  for  fmall  Infers, 
which  will  infeft  the  Plants,  and  de- 
ftroy  them,  if  they  are  not  timely 
waflied  off.  If  thefe  Rules  are  duly 
obferved,  the  Phints  will  thrive  very 
well,  and  may  produce*  Flowers  hi 
this  Climate :  but  it  will  be  very  dif- 
ficult to  obtain  Fruit  from  them ;  for, 
being  of  a  very  lender  Nature,  they 
arefufajea  to  many  Accidents- in  a 
cold  Coontry. 
CACHRYS. 

We  haviB  no  Englifi,  Name  for 
this  Plant. 

Tht-Cbaraffiri  are; 
Tht  Flpmert  gronv  on  an  UmheU 
nubich  cwifift  pf  maty  Petah  ranged 
circularly,  and  expand  in  form  of  a  ' 
Rpft :  theft  reft  oh  the  Empalement, 
nnhich  tmrns  to  a  Fruit  compofed  oftnvo 
Parts,  ivhicb  are  half  o^al./omr times 
fmooth,  and  fometimes  rough  and  cha^ 

nelled\  containing  Seeds  nvbicb  refem- 
hie  Barley -corns. 

The  Species  are; 

1.  Cachrys  femine  fungofi  fttf- 
caio  afpero,  foliis  ferulaceis,  Mor. 
Umh.  Cachrys  with  a  fungous  fur- 
rowed round  Seed,  and  Fennel-giant- 
leaves. 

2.  Cachrys  femtne  fungofo  ful- 
cato  a/pero,  foliis  peucedani  latiufcu- 
lis,  Mor,  Umh,  Cachrys  with  a  fun- 
gous furrowed  rough  Seed,  and 
broadiflt  Hogs-fenneMeaves. 

3.  Cachrys  femine  fungofb  ful- 
cato  piano  majort,  foliis  peucedani  an- 
gi^is,  Mor,  Hift,  Cachryi  with  larger 
plain  furrowed  fungous  Seed,  and 
narrow  Uogs-fennel-ieaves. 

4.  Cachrys  femine  fungofi  fuU 
cato  piano  minor e,  foliis' peuctdnni. 
Mor,  Umb,     Cachrys  with  fmaHer 
plain  furrowed  fungous  Seed,  and 
Hogs- fennel-leaves. 

5.  Cachrys  Hwtgarica,  panacts 
folio,    Tonm,     Hungarian  Cachrys, 

with  an  AH-hcal-leaf.  . 

6.  Ca- 


C  A 

6.  CACBitTtt  fd&it  fiueedaui^  fe^ 
mint  fwigo/o  fulcmto  afpero  minori, 
fpkm.  Cachrys  with  Hogs-feonel' 
leavesy  and  a  ijnall  roogh  fundus 
Seed. 

7.  Cachrys  CrgHca^  angtUtafo' 
tiOf  afpbodili  raiike*  Toum,  Candy 
Cachrysy  with  an  Angelica4eaf>  and 
an  Afphodcl-root. 

%.  Cacbeys  Orientalts^  firuke 
foUof  frudu  alato  ploBO,  Toartt,  Car. 
Eaftern  Cachrys ,  with  a  Fennel- 
giant-leaf,  and  a  plaui  winged  Seed. 

Thefe  Plants  are  all  propagated 
by  Seedsy  which  (hould  be  ibon  af-  • 
Cer  they  are  ripe ;.  for  if  they  are 
kept  out  of  the  Ground  until  the 
following  Spring,    they  ofte;^  mif- 
carry ;  and  when  they  fucceed,  they 
never  come  up  until  the  Spring  after  j 
fo  that  by  fowing  them  in  Autumn 
a  whole  Year  is  Aived,  and  the  Seeds 
feldom  mifcarry.  Thefe  Seeds  (hould 
be  fown  on  a  fhad^  Border,  where 
the  Plants  are  to  remain  s  for  the 
Plants,  having  long  Tap* roots,  will 
not  bear  tranfplanting  fo  well  as 
many  other  Kinds.    The  Diftance 
to  be  obferved  for  the  fowing  of 
their  Seeds  fhould  be  two  Feet  apart ; 
fo  that  if  each  Kind  is  fown  in  a 
Drills  when  the  Plants  are  come  up, 
.  they  may  be  thinned ;  leaving  two 
or  three  of  the  moil  promifing  Plants 
of  each  Kind  to  remain.     Thefe 
Plants  will  begin  to  appear  early  in 
jtpri/^  when  they  n^uft  be  carefully 
cleared  from  Weeds;    and  in  diy 
Weather  they  fhould  be  gently  wa- 
tered, which  greatly  promotes  their 
Growth  the  firft  Year;  after  which 
time,  they  will  require  no  farther 
Care  but  to  keep  them  dean  from 
Weeds,  and  every  Spring  to  dig  the 
Ground  carefully  between  them. 

Thefe  Plants  decay  to  the  Ground 
every  Autumn,  and  come  up  again 
in  the  Spring :  they  commonly  flow-* 
9f  in  the  Beginning  of  ik^^^and  their 


c  a 

Seeds  are  ripe  in  ^higmfi :  their  Rooc^ 
fometimes  run  down  th^  or  fbar 
Feet  deep  in  the  Earth,  provided  the 
Soil  be  light,  and  are  o^en  as  large 
as  Parfncps :  they  will  continue  ma- 
ny Years  ;  and  if  the  Soil  is  moid 
and  rich,  they  will  annually  pro- 
duce good  Seeds :  but  when  they 
grow  on  a  iry  Soil,  the  Flowers 
commonly  fall  away,  and  are  not 
fncceeded  by  Seeds. 

There  is  but  little  to  be  faid  of 
the  Ufes  of  this  Genus  of  Plants :  the 
HMftgorians  in  the  Neighbourhood 
of  Eriaw,  and  thofe  who  border  on 
Tranj^ivania,  Str*via,  &C.  eat  the 
Root  of  the  fifth  Spedes,  in  a  Scar- 
city of  Corn,  for  want  of  odier 
Bread. 

CACTUS,  Mclon-thiffle,  -ra^. 

The  CBaraffers  are ; 
The  Flower  refts  upon  the  Emhrja^ 
and  is  tuhulousy  being  dt*vided  at  ibi 
Brim  intofemeral  Segments  :  thefe  art 
jpread  open :  the  Rmpalement  confijtt 
of  one  Leaf:  in  the  Centre  of  the 
Fionver  are  placed  fix  long  Stamina, 
nvhich  reach  to  the  Upper-part  ef  the 
Flonver :  the  Embryo  afier^ward  ho' 
comes  a  taper  pulpj  Berry ^  nvhich  is 
narronx>ed  at  the  Bufe  ;  halving  one 
Cell,  which  is  filled  tvith  fmali 
Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Cactvs  quatuordgcim^angnU' 
risfuhrottmdut,  Lin,  Hort.  Cliff,  The 
large  roundiih  Melon-thifUe,  with 
fourteen  Angles. 

2.  CACTt/s  quinquodedm' augula- 
ris,  anguHs  hsfpiram-  contortis^  ft*^* 
ercBus,  Large  Melon-thifUe,  with 
fifteen  Angles,  which  are  twiftedlike 
a  Screw,  and  the  Thorns  growing 
upright. 

3 .  Ca CTt;s  quatuordecim  -  angnUt' 
ris  fuhrotnndus^  fpinis  longis  recurvis    ^ 
alhidis.     Large  Melon-thiftle,  with 
fourteen  Angles,   and  long  white 

Thosns,  which  are  recurved. 

4.  CA! 


C  A  C  A 

4.  Cactus  fmnfntJicim'aiigMla''        Some  of  the  large  PI^t»  whidi 
ris  ntuniut^  Jpinis  cnberrimis  coral'    have  been  broagjht  to  England^  have 


latis  ^  recurvis.  Large  Melon-  been  more  than  a  Yard  in  Girt,  and 
thifUe,  with  fifteen  Angles,  and  broad  near  two  Feet  high,  including  their 
recarved  Thorns,  which  are  of  a  red  Caps ;  but  I  have  been  informei^ 
Cblonr.  by  feveral  Perfons  who  have  refidod 

^.  Cactus  fwhretimdm  teQus  it/*    in  the  Weft-Indies^    that  there  are 
iercniit  ovaiis  barhatis,     Un,  Hort.    Plants  near  twice  as  large. 
CKjf,    Small  Mdon-thiftle.  The  fbarth  Sort  wasl»t>oght  ineo 

6.  Cactus  froHfenu fabrotmulms  England  by  the  late  Dr.  William 
ieSus  tmhtrculis  ovatis  lanugtnofis^  Houftoun^  who  procured  the  Plants 
ffhdi  alhis  ertBus,  Small  Melon-  from  Mexico ;  but  as  they  were  long 
tfaiiUe,  with  white  upright  Thorns,  in  their  PafTage,  and  had  received 
and  thrufiing  out  young  Plants  from  Wet,  they  were  decayed  before  thejr 
the  Sides,  with  a  downy  Subftance  arrived  in  England  \  but  from  the 
between  the  Knobs.  Remains  of  them  which  were  left, 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the  '  they  appeared  to  be  the  moft  iingtt« 
Weft-huHes^  where*  there  are  more  lar  of  ail  the  Species  yet  knpwta. 
Sorts  than  are  here  enumerated,  if  This  has  two  Orders  of  Thorns } 
In^fons  of  Skill  were  to  examine  one  of  which  are  ftrait,  and  fiet  oa 
tfaofelflands.  There  have  been  about  at  the  Joints  in  Clufters^  fpreading 
four  of  tbe  large  Kinds  brought  to  out  from  the  Centre  each  Way  like 
England^  fome  of  which  have  been  a  Sur ;  and  in  the  Middle  of  each 
crowned  with  a  prickly  brown  Cap,  Clufter  is  produced  one  broad  flat 
in  form  of  one  of  thofe  Fur-caps  Thorn,  near  two  Inches  in  Lengthy 
which  are  worn  by  the  7urks^  and  which  ftands  ere^,  and  is  recurved 
others  which  have  been  deftitute  of  at  the  Point,  and  is  of  a  browniflu 
thefe  Caps,  although  tbe  Plants  were  red  Colour.  Thefe  Thorns  are,  by 
full  as  large  as  thofe  which  had  them  :  the  Inhabitants  of  Mexico^  fet  in 
dierefore  they  may  be  deemed  di-  Gold  or  Silver,  and  made  afeof  for 
ilin^  Species,  efpedally  fince  thefe  picking  their  Teeth ;  and  the  Plant 
have  been  many  Years  preferved  in  ia  by  them  called  ^(/«a^,i«  e.Tooth- 
the  Gardens,  and  no  Appearance  of    pick. 

any  Caps  as  yet  can  be  feen.  Thofe  The  Sort  with  fpiral  Ribs,  as  alfo 
which  have  thefe  Caps  produce  their  that  with  white  Spines,  I  received 
Fruit  10  Circles  round'  the  Upper-  from  Jntigua,  with  the  common 
pan  of  the  Cap ;  whereas  the  fmailer  Sort ;  but  whether  thefe  are  only  ac« 
SortI  produce  their  Fruit  from  be-  cidental  Varieties,  ariiing  from  the 
twcen  the  Tubercles,  round  the  Mid-  fame  Seeds,  or  real  di£Ferent  Spedes, 
die  of  the  Plant :  and  in  fome  Fi-  I  cannot  take  upon  me  to  determine, 
gores  of  the  larger  Sorts  of  thefe  fince  in  this  Country  they  are  very 
Plants,  the  Fruit  is  reprefented  as  rarely  propagated  by  Seeds  ;  nor 
coming  out  near  the  Crown  of  the  could  I  obferve,  in  the  feveral  Years 
Phnt ;  fo  that  if  a  ikilful  Botanift  when  I  had  thefe  Plants  nnder  my 
was  to  examine  thefe  Plants  in  the  Ou-e,  there  was  the  leaft  Difpofitioa 
Places  of  their  Growth,  there  would  in  either  of  them  to  produce  Fruit; 
probably  be  found  a  much  greater  when,  at  the  iame  time,  the  com* 
Variety  of  thefe  Plants,  than  is  at  mon  large  Sort  produced  plenty  of 
prefent  known.  Fruit  out  of  their  Caps  every  Year ; 

6  from 


C  A 

trcok  the  Seeds  of  which  I  hare  raifed 
iome  yonng  Plants:  but  although 
fome  of  thefe  have  grown  to  a  con- 
fiderable  Size,  yet  none  of  them  have 
as  yet  prodaced  Caps  ;  therefore  no 
Fruit  can  be  yet  expefted  from  them. 
The  fifth  Sort  produces  Quanti- 
ties of  Fruit  annually ;  and  as  the 
Seeds  grow  very  readily,  it  is  now 
Fery  common  in  thoie  Gardens  where 
there  are  Stoves  to  keep  them :  for 
if  the  Fruit  is  permitted  to  drop 
upon  the  Earth  of  th^  Pots,  and  that 
is  not  difturbedy  there  will  plenty  of 
Plants  come  up  without  any  farther 
Trouble;  and  thefe  Seedling  plants 
nay  be  taken  up,  as  ibon  as  they 
are  of  a  proper  Size  to  remove,  and 
planted  fix  or  feven  of  them  into  a 
imall  Halfpeny  Pot,  where  they  may 
fiand  one  Year ;  by  which  time,  they 
will  be  large  enough  to  be  each 
planted  into  a  feparate  Pot ;  and  af- 
terward they  will  make  great  Pro- 
^efs,  efpecially  if  they  are  plunged 
into  an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners  fiark  in 
Summer :  for  although  this  Sort  is 
much  more  hardy  than  the  large 
Kind,  and  may  be  preferved  in  a 
moderate  Stove,  yet  the  Plants  will 
not  make  near  the  ProgreG  as  thofe 
which  are  kept  in  a  greater  Degree 
of  Heat.  This  Sort  will  continue 
many  Years  with  proper  Care  ;  and 
the  Plants  will  grow  to  be  a  Foot 
high,  or  more ;  but  when  they  are 
fo  tall,  the  Lower-part  of  them  is 
not  fo  fightly ;  their  Green  being  de- 
;cayed,  and  the  Spines  changed  to  a 
dark-dirty  Colour,  they  appear  as  if 
dead :  fo  that  the  Upper-part  of 
thefe  old  Plants  only  (eem  to  have 
Life;  whereas  the  Plants  of  mid- 
dling Size  appear  healthy  from  Top 
Jto  Bottom.  The  Flowers  of  this 
Sort  appear  in  July  and  jingufi  ;  and 
thefe  are  fucceeded  by  the  Fruit 
quite  round  the  Plant,  which  are  of 
a  fine  fcarlet  Colour,  and  continue 


c  A 

ftcfh  upon  the  Plants  throngb.  the 
Winter  ;  which  renders  them  very 
beautiful  at  that  Seafon.  And  in 
the  Spring,  when  the  Fruit  flirivdi, 
and  becomes  dry,  the  Seeds  will  be 
ripe,  and  may  then  be  rubbed  out, 
and  fown  upon  the  Surface  of  the 
Earth  in  fmall  Pots ;  which  (houU 
be  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark  to  bring  up  (he  Plants. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  rarely  larger  than 
the  fifth,  growing  nearly  in  the  fame 
Form  ;   but  this   produces  a  great 
Number  of  young  Plants  from  the 
Sides,  by  which  it  is  increafed.  This 
Sort  produces  Tufts  of  a  foft  white 
Down,  between  the  Knobs  at  every 
Joint ;  which  makes  the  whole  Phuxt 
appear  as  if  it  was  covered  with  fine 
Cotton.     The  Flowers  of  this  Soft 
are    produced    from    between   the 
Knobs,  round  the  Sides  of  the  Plants; 
which  are  in  Shape  and  Colour  very 
much  like  thofe  of  the  fifth  Sort, 
but  larger.     Thefe  Flowers  are  not 
fucceeded  by  any  Fruit ;  at  lead,  all 
thofe  which  I  have  under  my  Care, 
have  not  produced  any,  altho*  they 
have  produced  plenty  of  Flowers  for 
fome  Years  :    but   from  the  fame 
Places  where  the  Flowers  have  ap- 
peared,  there  have  been  young  Plants 
thruft    out    the    following   Seafon. 
Thefe  young  Plants  I  have  taken  of, 
and  after  laying  them  to  dry  for  two 
or  three  Days,  I  have  planted  them, 
and  they  have  fucceeded  very  well. 

All  the  Species  of  this  Genus  are 
Plants  of  a  fingular  Strudure  ;  but 
efpecially  the  larger  Kinds  of  them, 
which  appear  like  a  large  fieihy 
green  Melon,  with  deep  Ribs,  fet 
all  over  with  ftrong  (harp  Thorns ; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  cut  thro'  the 
Middle,  their  Infide  is  a  foft  greeo 
fiefliy  Subllance  full  of  Moillure. 
And  I  have  been  alTured  by  Perfons 
of  Credit,  who  have  lived  in  the 
JVefi'Indies^  that  in  Times  of  great 

Drought, 


J 


C  A 

DroDght,  the  Cattle  repair  to  the 
barren  Rocks,  which  are  covered* 
with  thefe  Plants,  and  after  having 
Hppcd  op  the  large  Plants  with  their 
Horns,  lo  as  to  tear  off  the  outfide 
Skin  with  the  Thorns,  they  have 
greedily  devoured  all  the  flefhy 
moitl  Parts  of  the  Plants ;  which  has 
aiorded  them  both  Meat  and  Drink : 
bat  how  any  Animal  (ho'uld  ever  at- 
tack Plants,  which  are  fo  well  de- 
fended by  ftrong  Thorns,  which  are 
u  hard  and  flitt  as  Whalebone,  or 
any  other  bony  Subftance,  is  diiHcult 
to  conceive :  nor  could  any  thing 
bttt  Diftrefs  for  MoiHure  ever  have 
tempted  them  to  venture  amongft 
thefe  troublefome  Plants  to  fearch 
for  Relief;  fince  they  mud  encoun- 
ter with  many  Difficulties,  befpre 
they  coald  find  a  Method  of  diilodg- 
JDg  the  Thorns. 

The  Fruit  of  all  the  Sorts  of  Me- 
lOA-thiftles  are  frequently  eaten  by 
the  Inhabitants  of  the  Weft-Indies : 
there  is  fcarce  any  Difference  in  the 
Fruits  of  all  the  Kinds  I  have  yet 
fceo,  either  in  Size,  Shape,  Colour, 
or  Tafte.  They  are  about  three 
Quarters  of  an  Inch  in  Length,  of 
a  taper  form,  drawing  to  a  Point  at 
the  Bottom,  toward  the  Plant ;  but 
blunt  at  the  Top,  where  the  Em- 
palemcnt  of  the  Flower  was  fituated. 
T*he  Tafte  is  an  agreeable  Acid, 
which,  in  an  hot  Country,  mud  ren- 
der the  Fruit  more  grateful. 

All  the  Sorts  of  thefe  Plants  rc- 
^oire  a  very  good  Stove  to  preferye 
them  through  the  Winter  in  Errg- 
bndi  nor  (hould  they  be  tupofed  to 
the  open  Air  in  Summer;  lor  altho* 
th«y  may  continue  fair  to  outward 
Appearance,  when  they  have  been 
fomc  time  exposM  abroad,  yet  they 
will  imbibe  Moifture,  which  will 
Pofc  them  to  rot  foon  after  they  arc 
tcmoved  into  the  Stove.  And  this 
^frequently  the  Cafe  of  ihofe  Plants 
Vol.  I. 


C  A 

which  are  brought  froni  abroad, 
which  have  a  fair  healthy  Appear- 
ance many  times  at  their  iirft  Arri- 
val, but  foon  after  decay ;  and  this 
will  happen  very  fuddenly ;  fcarce 
any  Appearance  of  Diforder  will  bo 
feen,  till  the  whole  Plant  is  killed ; 
which  in  a  few  Hours  time  has  oftea 
been  the  Fate  of  thefe  Plants. 

If  thefe  Plants  are  plunged  into 
an  Hot- bed  of  Tanners  Bark  in  Sum- 
mer, it  will  greatly  forward  them  in 
their  Growth ;  but  when  this  is  pra- 
dlifed,  there  ihould  be  fcarce  any 
Water  given  to  the  Plants ;  for  the 
Moifture  which  they  will  imbibe 
from  the  Fermentation  of  the  Tan, 
will  be  fufHcient  for  them,  and  more 
WQuld  caufe  them  to  rot.  The  befk 
Method  to  preferve  all  the  Urge 
Kinds  is,  in  Winter,  to  place  the 
Pots,  either  upon  the  Top  of  the 
Flues,  or,  at  leaft,  very  near  them, 
that  they  may  have  the  warmed  Place 
of  the  Stove ;  and  during  that  Sea- 
fon,  never  to  give  them  any  Water : 
but  when  the  Seafon  comes  for  leav- 
ing out  the  Fire  in  the  Stove,  to  re- 
move them  into  a  Bed  of  Tanners 
Bark :  which  will  foon  fct  them  in 
a  growing  State,  and  recover  their 
Verdure.  The  Soil  in  which  thefe 
(hould  be  planted,  mud  be  of  a  Tandy 
Nature ;  and  if  mixed  with  fpme 
dry  Limerubbifh,  it  will  be  ftill 
better.  In  the  Bottom  of  the  Pots 
fhould  be  placed  fome  Stones,  in  or- 
der to  drain  of  any  Moifture  which 
may  be  in  the  Earth  :  for  as  thefe 
Plants  naturally  grow  upon  the  hot 
dry  burning  Rocks,  which  liave  no 
Earth,  and,  were  it  not  for  thefe 
Plants,  would  be  abfolutely  barren, 
we  mud  imitate  their  natural  Soil  as 
near  as  poiTible,  making  fome  Al- 
lowance for  the  Difference  of  the 
Climates. 

The  great  Sorts  may  be  propa- 
gated by  Seeds ;  which  mud  be  fowa 
Q^  and 


C  A 

and  managed,  as  hath  been  direfted 
for  the  fmaller  Sort:  but  as  the 
Plants  which  are  raifed  from  Seeds 
in  Englan^y  will  be  fome  Years  in 
arriving  to  any  con(iderable  Size,  it 
will  be  much  the  bcft  Way  to  pro- 
cure fome  Plants  from  xhtfVeft- Indies i 
and  if  the  Plants  arrive  here  in  any 
of  the  Summer-months,  fo  as  that 
there  may  be  time  for  them  to  get 
new  Root  before  the  Cold  comes  on 
in  Autumn,  the  Plants  will  more  cer- 
tainly fucceed.  When  the  Plants 
come  over,  it  will  be  proper  to  take 
them  out  of  the  Earth  as  foon  as  pof- 
iible,  and  lay  them  in  the  Stove,  up- 
on the  Shelves,  to  dry  for  three  or 
four  Days ;  and  when  they  are  plant- 
ed, they  (hould  be  plunged  into  a 
good  warm  Bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  to 
promote  their  making  new  Roots. 
In  this  Bed  they  may  remain  till  the 
Beginning  of  OSober^  when  they 
mull  be  removed  into  the  Stove,  and 
treated  in  the  manner  before  di- 
reded. 

CiESALPINA. 

We  have  no  Englfjht^^mt  for  this 
Plant. 

The  Chara&irs  are; 

It  hath  a  Flotver  of  an  anomalous 
Figure^  confifting  of  one  Leaf  lohicB 
is  difuided  into  four  unequal  Farts  : 
the  Upper-part  is  large ^  and  hollowed 
like  a  Sfoom:  from  the  Bottom  of  the 
Flower  arifes  the  Fointal^  amongfi 
mam^  incurved  Stamina,  ot^^^/Vi^  after- 
fward  becomes  a  Pod,  including  oblong 
Seeds, 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  this 
Plant;  *viK. 

Cjesalpika  polyphylletf  acuUis 
horrida.  Plum,  Nonf.  Gen.  Many- 
leav'd  Caefalpina*  with  largeThorns. 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  of  Jmerica^ 
where  it  rifes  to  the  Height  of  four- 
teen or  fixteen  Feet ;  the  Trunk  and 
Branches  being  armed  with  very 
ilrong  Thorns^  makes  it  difHcqlt  to 


c  m. 

pafs  where  they  are  in  plenty.  It 
was  found  at  Campechy  by  the  late 
Dr.  Houfloun^  who  fent  the  Seeds  in- 
to England^  from  which  fome  of 
thefe  Plants  were  raifed. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Seieds, 
which  fhould  be  Town  in  fmall  Pots 
filled  with  light  rich  Earth  early  in 
the  Spring,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot- 
bed of  Tanners  Bark.  In  about  two 
Months  after,  the  Plants  will  begin 
'  to  appear,  when  they  mufl  be  care- 
fully clear'd  from  Weeds,  and  fre- 
quently refreihed  with  Water ;  and, 
in  warm  Weather,  the  Glafies  of 
the  Hot-bed  (hould  be  raifed  in  the 
Middle  pf  the  Day,  to  admit  frefh 
Air  to  the  Plants,  which  will  gready 
llrengthen  them.  When  the  Plants 
are  about  three  Inches  high,  tbcy 
fhould  be  carefully  taken  out  of  the 
Pots,  and  each  tranfplanted  into  a 
feparate  fmall  Pot  filled  with  frefli 
light  Earth,  and  plunged  into  the 
Hot-bed  again  ;  obferving  to  water 
them,  and  icreen  them  from  the  Heat 
of  the  Sun,  until  they  have  taken 
new  Root.  In  this  Hot-bed  the  Plants 
may  remain  until  they  reach  the 
ClafiTes,  when  they  will  be  in  Dan- 
ger of  being  fcorched  by  the  Sun, 
which  will  retard  their  Growth: 
therefore  they  (hould  be  removed  in- 
to the  Stove,  and  plunged  into  the 
Bark-bed,  where  they  may  have 
room  to  grow.  Thefe  Plants,  being 
tender,  (hould  always  be  kept  in  the 
Bark-Ilove,  and  have  a  moderate 
Share  of  Heat  in  the  Winter ;  and 
being  placed*  among  other  tender 
Exotic  Plants  of  the  fame  Countiy, 
will  afford  an  agreeable  Variety. 

CAINITO.      Vide   Chryfophyl- 
lum. 

CAKILE,  Sea  rocket. 
The  CharaSers  arc ; 

//  hath  a  crofs-f japed  F lower ^  can- 
fftiig  of  four  Petals^  from  wbofe  Cup 
arifes  the  Pointal^  which  afterivarl 

becomes 


C  A  C  A 

h{mis  a  Fruii,  refembling  the  Point  placed  in  a  circular  Order  ;  fi^cm 

rf  a  Spear^  and  is  jointed  i  in  each  tvbofe  Flower' cup  arifes  the  Pointa'l, 

of  which  Dinfifions  is  lodged  one  Seed,  which  afterward  becomes  a  fpherical 

which  is,  fir  the  nsofi  part,  oblong.  fiefl>y  Fruit,  including  a  Nut  of  thi 

The  Species  are* ;  fame  Form. 
i.Cakilh  maritima,  ampliore  fi-        'We  know  bat  one  Sort  of  thi3 

U:  Tonrn,  Cor.    Sea-rockeC  with  a  Plant;  which  is, 
larger  Leaf.  Calaba  filio    citrii  fplendente. 

2.  Cakilb  mariiima,  angvftiore  Plum.N.G,^().  /«//itfff  Mallich-tree, 
/^io.   Toum.  Cor.    Sea-rocket  with  with  a  (hintng  Citron- leaf. 

a  narrow  Leaf.  This  Tree  grows  to  a  great  Big- 

3.  Cakile  Gr^eca  ar<venfis,  fili"  ncfs  in  the  warm  Parts  01  America, 
fnafiriatabre<m.  Toum.  Cor.  Greek  where  it  is  a  Native.  From  theTrunk 
Sea-rocket,  with  a  ihort  ftriated  and  Branches  there  ifKies  out  a  clear 
Pod.  Gum,  fomewhat  like  the  Maftich, 

4-  Cakile  Orientalis,  fru8u  mi-  from  whence  it  received  its  Name, 

mimo  verrucofi.  Toum.  Cor.    Eailern  the  Gam  being  ufed  in  thofe  Coan- 

Sca-rocket,    with   a  fmail  warted  tries  as  Maftich. 
Fmit.  At  prefent  this  Tree  is  pretty  rare 

The  two  firft  Sorts  grow  wild  in  in  England,  it  being  fo  tender  as  not 

divers  Parts  of  Europe  on  the  Sea-  to  bear  the  open  Air;  fo  that  it  mud 

fhore,  where  the  Salt-water  gene-  be  preferved  in  Stoves,  with  the  moft 

rally  flows.  The  fecond  Sort  is  pretty  tender  Exotic  Plants.     It  is  propt* 

common  in  England  ^  bat  the  £ril  gated  by  the  Nuts,  which  are  tic^ 

hath  not  been  found  wild  in  this  qaently  brought  from  ^jw/r/V«;  thefe 

Coootry.  The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  mould  be  planted  in  fmall  Pets  filled 

were  difcoverM  by  Dr.  Toumefirt,  with  fre(h  light  Earth,  and  plunged 

who  fent  their  Seeds  to  the  Royal  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark* 

Gardens  at  Paris.  When  the  Plants  are  come  up  about 

They  are  all  annual  Plants :  their  two  Inches  high,  they  fhould  be  care- 
Seeds  (hould  be  fown  in  Autumn,  fully  tranfplanted,  each  into  a  fepa- 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  in  the  Place  rate  fmall  Pot  filled  with  frefh  light 
where  they  fhould  remain ;  for  they  Earth,  and  plunged  into  a  moderate 
do  not  well  bear  tran  fplanting.  When  Hot-bed  of  Tannen  Bark,  obferving 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  fhould  to  water  and  fhade  them  until  they 
be  kept  clear  from  Weeds ;  and  where  have  taken  new  Root ;  and  gt  ve  them 
they  are  too  clofe,  they  muft  be  frequent  Waterings  in  warm  Wea- 
thinoed,  fo  as  to  leave  them  four  or  ther.  In  this  Bed  they  may  remain 
£ve  Inches  afunder,  which  is  all  the  during  the  Summer-feafon  1  but  at 
Culture  they  require.  In  ^une  they  Michaelmas  they  (hould  be  removed 
will  flower^  and  their  Seeds  will  ripen  into  the  Bark-ftove,  and  placed  in  a 
in  Augufi.  There  is'  no  Beauty  or  warm  Situation.  During  the  Win- 
Ufe  in  thefe  Plants  at  prefent  known;  ter-feafon  thefe  Plantis  will  require 
but  they  are  preferved  in  BoUnic  Water  pretty  often  5  but  it  flK>uld 
Gardens  for  Variety.  not  be  given  to  them  in  large  Quan- 

CALABA,  Indian  Maftich-tree.  titles,  efpecially  in  cold  Weather, 

The  CbaraSers  are;  left  it  rot  the  Fibres^  of  the  Roots. 

//  hath  a  rofaceous  Flower,  confift'  At  the  Plants  advance,  they  muft  be 

ing  of  fevirmt  Petals,   which  ar$  fhifted  into  larger  Pots/ and  created 


C  A 

\n  the  fame  manner  as  is  dire£led  for 
the  Coffee- tree;   with  which  Ma- 
nagement this  Plant  will  thrive  very 
well :   and  as  the  Leaves  of  thefe 
Plants  are  large,  flrong,  and  of  a 
fliining- green  Colour,  they  make  a 
pretty  Appearance  in  the  Stove,  with 
other  tender  £xotic  Plants. 
^  CALAMINTHA,  Calamint. 
The  CharaSen  are  ; 
It  hath  a  long  tubulous  Flovnery 
nubicb  opens  at  the  Top  into  ttvo  Lips  : 
the  Uppet'lip  or  Crefi is  roundijh^  and 
di<vidcdinto t^uo Segmmts :  the Lonver- 
Zip  or  Beard  is  divided  into  three : 
thefe  FJonjucrs  are  produced  from  the 
Joints  of  the  Stalks  at  the  fet ting  on 
of  the  Lea'ves^  in  Bunches^  upon  putty 
long  Pedicles y  or  Footfalks. 
The  Species  are ; 
I.Calamintua  vulgaris, vel of 
fcinari^m  Germania,  C.B.  The  com- 
mon Calamine. 

2.  CalamiNTHA  pulegii  odarcy  fo- 
His  latioribus.  //.  L,  Bioad-leav'd 
Calamint,  with  a  Pcnyroyal-fmell. . 

3.  Calami  NTH  A  magna,  fore.  C. 
B.  Calamint  wich  large  Flowers. 

4.  Calamintha  incanay  ocymi 
foliis,  C.  B.  Hoary  Calamint,  with 
Leaves  like  Bafil. 

5.  Calamintha  Hifpanica  fru- 
tefcms^  mhn  folio.  InJL  Shrubby 
Spanijh  Calamint,  uith  a  Marum- 
leaf. 

6.  Calamintha  Cnticay  angufio 
ohlongo  folio.  Inji.  R,  H,  Candy  Ca- 
lamine, with  a  narrow  oblong  Leaf. 

The  firft  cf  thefe  Sorts  is  found 
wild  in  many  Parts  of  England ;  but 
may  be  propagated  in  Gardens,  by 
fowing  the  Seeds  in  Spring,  or  part- 
ing the  Roots  :  it  will  grow  in  aU 
moik  any  Soil  or  Situation.  This  is 
the  Sort  commonly  ufed  in  Medi- 
cine ;  though  the  iecond  Sort  hath 
of  late  prevailed  in  the  Markets. 
The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  may  be 
propagated  in  the  fame  manner  as 


C  A 

the  firft»  and  are  equally  B9  hardy. 
The  fourth  Sort  is  fo  me  what  ten- 
derer, and  fhould  be  kept  rn  Pots, 
and  Ihelter'd  in  Winter  :  this  is  in- 
creafcd  either  by  Seeds,  or  by  plant- 
ing Cuttings  in  any  of  the  Summer* 
months. 

The  fifth  Sort  has  been  known  in 
the  Gardens,  by  the  Name  of  Ma- 
rum  with  a  Penyroyal-fcent.      This 
is  ufually  preferved  in  Pots,  and  fhel- 
tered  in  Winter  under  a  common 
Hot-bed- frame  :  for  in  fevere  Froft 
it  will  not  live  in  open  Air ;  but  in 
moderate  Winters  it  will  live  abroad 
in  a  warm  Situation.     This  Plant 
feldom  riies  above  fix  Inches  high ; 
the  Stalks  commonly  decay  to  the 
Root  in  the  Winter ;  but  in  Sum- 
mer they  grow  ligneous,  and  are  be- 
fet  with  fm a  11  hoary  Leaves  by  Pairs; 
and  the  fmall  white  Flowers  come 
out  in  Whorles  round  the  Stalks : 
this  Plant  will  ripen  Seeds  very  well, 
by  which  the  Plant  may  be  eafily 
propagated,  as  alfo  by  Cuttings,  in 
any  of  the  Summer- months. 

The  fixch  Sort  will  live  abroad  in 
mild  Winters ;  but  in  fevere  Frofts 
is  often  dellroyed :  therefore.to  main- 
tain the  Sort,  there  (houid  be  one  or 
two  Plants  flickered  in  Winter  :  this ' 
is  eafily  propagated  by  Seeds. 

CALCEOLUS,  Ladies-flipper. 
The  Cbara^Iers  arc ; 

//  hath  an  anomalous  F/oiver,  cost" 
fifing  of  fix  dijffsmilar  Leaves  y  fear 
of  fwhich  are  placed  in  the  Form  of  a 
CroJ's  :  the  other  t<wo  P'lffffs  the  mid' 
dlcy  one  of  nvhich  is  bifdy  and  refs 
upon  the  other y  vibicb  is  J'w'ellingy  and 
fhaped  like  a  Shoe  :  the  Empahnunt 
becomes  a  Fruity  open  on  three  Sides, 
to  ixihich  adhere  the  Vatves,  preg- 
nant ^with  very  fmall  Seeds  like 
Duft. 

The  Species  arc ; 

I.  Calc£olus  MMrieusus,    Dtd^ 
Ladies-ilipper. 

2.  Cal- 


C  A  •  C  A 

s.  C AJ.aotv 9  Jlort  majiri,  Ttitrk.    tbey  generally  grow  oQ  i&oift  ff^tngy 

Ladies-flipper  with  a  large  Flower.  Soils,  and  where  they  are  (haded 

3  C  K1.C  zo'LV  %  MariatiusCanaden'  with  Trees;  {o  that  where  there  is 

fo,  Cornut.  Cdstfi^  Ladies-flipper.  not  particular  Care  to  keep  them 

4.  Ca  lc  e  o  lv  s  Mariif  luttms,  Mor,  moid  during  their  SeaTon  of  GrQwch» 

H.  R.  B.  The  yellow  Ladies-ilipper.  thfcy  feldom  thrive  in  Gardens. 

The  fM  Species  grows  wild  in  €AL£NDULA»   Afrkan  Marl- 

the  North  of  England^  and  in  Scot-  gold. 

iamdi  from  whence  the.  Plants  miiy  Tht  Chara^ers  zx6  \ 

be  procured.     The  beft  Seafon  for  It  bath  a  radiated  conkfoitniFlvwfr^ 

tranfplanting  of  them  is  in  Autamn,  c^mpo/ed   of  Je^eral  Hermaphrodite 

jnft  as  the  Leaves  decay,  when  the  and  Female  Fk^ers ;  the  Hermopln-o- 

JRoots  (hould  be  carefally  tal^en  up  dite  Flerjoers^  ivbich  are  Jstuattd  in 

with  a  large  Ball  of  Earth  to  them,  the  Middle^  and (ompofe  the  Dijk^  are 

and  muft    be  planted    in  a  ilrong  tubtdousy   ami  flight ly  cut  into  fi<ve 

loamy  Soil,  and  in  a  fhady  Situation ;  Farti  at  the  iop :   thefe  bante  each 

where,  if  they  are  fufiered  to  remain  fi*oe  Jhort    Stamina    attending    the 

nndiftarbed)  they  will  produce  their  Pointal :  the  Ft  male  Flonverj  hoHff 

beantifol  Flowers  in  May^  and  may  each  a  Part  Jiretcbed  out    on  one 

be  preferved  feverai  Years ;  but  if  Side^  Jkaped  like  a  Honguey  'which 

they  are  placed  in  a  warm  rich  Soil,  forms  the   Rnys :  thefe  are  fitnated 

they  will  not  thrive,  and  rarely  pro-  on  the  Border  of  the  Flonver;  tkt  Her' 

duce  any  Flowers.  maphrodite  Flvwers  are-  fuceeeded  ly 

The  fecond  Sort  is  not  a  Native  flat  bear t-flf aped  Seeds  i  and  the  Se^ds 

of  England,   but  is  equally   hardy  of  the  Female  Flowers  an  angular  and 

with  ours  ;  fo  tfa^t,  if  Roots  can  be  irregular. 

procured  from  abroad,  they  mnft  be  The  Species  are } 

treated  in  the  fame  manner  as  hach  i.  Calendula  hspmUs  Africanay 

been  dire£led  for  that.  flore  inius  alhoy  /oris  '<uiolaceo,  fim- 

The    third    Sort    is     found    in  pliei-  H.L,    Lovj  African  Mzi\go\6y 

Flew'Englandy  Vir^nia^  and  North-  with  Flowers  which  arc  purple  on 

Carolina,    in    moift  Woods,    from  the  Outfide,  and  white  wit)iin. 

whence  thefe  Roots  may  be  pro-  '    z.  Calendula  foliis  radicalihus 

cared.     Thefe  mnft   have  a  moift  finuatis  caulinis  fupeme  denticulatie. 

ihady    Situation,    and    in   Winter  Fior.  Leyd.     African  Marigold,  with 

ihould  be  fcreened  from  fevere  Frofts,  the  lower  Leaves  finuated,  and  the 

otherwife  they  cannot  be  prefervtd  upper  Leaves  indented, 

in  this  Conntry:    for  altho'  they  3.  Calendula   foliis  linearibus 

are  found  wild  in  Countries  where  dcnticulatis    i^    integerrimis,    Flor, 

they  have   much    colder  Winters  ;  Leyd,    African  Mangold,  with  Cro- 

yet  growing  in  the  Woods,  they  are  cus-leaves. 

covered  with  Leaves,  and  are  pro-  ^  CALEinhVt a  folifsoh^erfe  ova^ 

tcfted  by  the  Trees  ;    fo  that  the  tis  dentieulatis,  caule frutitofo  perenni^ 

Froft  doth  not  penetrate  very  deep  Flor.  Leyd,     Shrubby  perennial  Afri' 

into  the  Eanh.  can  Marigold,  with  oval  indented 

AH  thefe  Plants  ihould  be  placed  Leaves, 

in  a  ftiady  Situation,  and  in  dry  Wea-  Thefe  Plants  were  generally  Tzxkg- 

ther  mad   be    frequently  watered,  ed  with  the  common  Marigold  hy 

otherwife  they  will  not  thrive  i  for  moft  Writers,  till  Monficur  Faillanty 

Q^  3  Profcflbr 


C  A 

frofeAbr  6t  Bouoy  at  Paris^  feptt- 
rated  them  from  that  Genus,  and 
conftitated  a  Genus  for  them,  Ailing 
sc  Dimorpbotheca  ;  and  fince  it  has 
been  by  others  titled  Cardifpennaro, 
from  this  Figure  of  the  Seeds :  but 
Dr.  Limt^em  has  brought  them  back 
again,  and  included  the  common 
Marigold  in  the  fame  Genus  with 
thefe.  But  if  the  Seeds  are  admitted 
as  a  charaderiftical  Note  in  the  con- 
llituting  a  Genus,  thefe  Plants  ihould 
be  feparated  from  the  common  Ma- 
rigold. Bat  as  they  are  near  akin, 
I  have  left  the  common  Marigold 
under  the  Title  of  Caltha,  and  have 
applied  the  old  Title  of  Calendula 
to  thefe  Plants. 

The  two  firft  Species  are  annual, 
lb  are  commonly  fown  in  Patches 
upon  the  Borders  of  the  Pleafure- 

farden»  in  jiptili  and  when  the 
lants  come  up,  they  will  require 
no  other  Cukure,  but  to  draw  out 
the  Plants  where  diey  grow  too  dofe, 
and  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds : 
fof,  as  they  do  not  bear  tranfplant- 
ing  wellt  the  Seeds  ihould  be  fown 
in  the  Places  where  they  are  defigned 
to  remain.  In  ytmi  the  Plants  will 
begin  to  flower,  and  will  continue 
fix  Weeks  or  longer  producing  freih 
Flowers,  efpecially  if  the  Seafon  is 
not  too  warm  i  and  in  the  Latter- 
end  of  Auguft  the  Seeds  will  begin 
to  ripen ;  at  which  time  they  Ihould 
be  gathered  every  Week  as  they 
ripen,  otherwife  they  will  fall  on 
the  Ground,  and,  the  firft  moift  Wea- 
ther, will  vegetate,  and  be  fpoiled. 
Thefe  Plants  were  brought  from  the 
Caf9  tf  Good  Hope  i  but  are  fo  hardy, 
as  to  thrive  well  in  the  open  Ground, 
and  are  now  become  pretty  common 
in  the  Engiip  Gardens,  and  their 
Seeds  may  be  procured  from  thofe 
Gardeners  who  are  carious  in  Plants 
and  Flowers. 
The  other  two  Sort$  are  perennial 


c  A 

Piants,which  were  alfe  brought  from 
the  Cape  of  GmJ  Ope.  The  tbird 
Sort  has  been  many  Vears  an  In* 
habitant  of  the  curious  Gardens  in 
Europa  but  the  fourth  Sort  hath 
not  been  long  introduced  into  the 
Gardens  in  HoUand^  from  whence  I 
was  fuppUed  with  it  by  my  worthy 
Friend  Dr.  Van  Rayen^  Profeflbr  of 
Botany  at  Ltydtn. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Plant  of  hiun- 
ble  Growth,   never  rifing  with   a 
Stem,  but  puts  out  Side-fiioots  near 
the  Surface  of  the  Ground,  much  in 
the  fame  way  as  Thrift :  thefe  are 
doathed  with  long   narrow  grafly 
Leaves,  which  are  intire  \  and  fixnn 
the  Centre  of  each  Head  the  Flowers 
are  produced  fingly  upon  long  Foot- 
ftalks.    Thefe  are  larger  than  the 
Flowers  of  either  of   the  annual 
Kinds,  but  are  much  of  the  fame 
Form  and  Colour :  they  are  gene- 
rally in  Flower  in  May ;   but  v^Tf 
often  there  are  fome  few  Flowers 
produced  again    in  Autumn,    and 
fometimes  in  the  Winter,  in  a  fa- 
vourable Seafon :  but  it  never  pro- 
duces any  Seeds  in  England,     This 
Plant  is  propagated  by  the  Heads, 
which  may  be  cut  off  during  the 
Summer  -  feafon,    and    planted   la 
Pots  filled  with  light  rich  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  an  old  Hot-bed,  where 
the  Heat  is  paft,  and  fhaded  from 
the  Sun  until  they  have  taken  Root^ 
after  which  they  may  be  expofed  in 
the  open  Air   till  Autumn,  when 
thefe  Plants  muft  be  removed  into 
an  airy  Glafscafe,  where  they  may 
be  fecured  from  Froft  in  Winter; 
but  ihould  have  as  much  free  Air 
as  poiiible  in  mild  Weather  :  for  if 
they  are  kept  top  warm,  they  are 
apt  to  grow  weak,  and  feldpm  con^ 
trnue  long ;  and,  if  they  rective  any 
Damp',  they  are  apt  to  grow  mouldy 
in   the  Winter,    which  frequently 
caufes  them  to  rot;  fo  that  theft 


C  A 

PliBts  oumoi  have  too  much  Aif  in 

mild  Weather;   but  they  muft  be 
guarded  againft  Froft. 

The  fourth  Sort  hath  long  trail* 
ing  Shoots,  which  extend  to  the 
Lnigth  of  three  or  four  Feet ;  but 
are  too  weak  to  fupport  themfdves* 
lb  require  to  be  tied  op  to  Stakes  s 
for  the  Leaves,  being  pretty  thick 
and  fuocnlent,  weigh  down  the 
Branches,  when  they  are  not  fup- 
ported  :  the  Flowers  are  produced 
nngly  from  the  Ends  of  the  Shoots, 
but  not  at  any  particular  Seafon, 
feme  coming  out  in  the  Spring  aod 
Summer,  others  in  Autumn  and 
Winter :  thefe  are  in  Shape  and  Co- 
lour very  like  thofe  of  the  firil  Sort. 

This  Plant  is  very  eafily  propa-. 
{sted  by  Cuttings,   during  any  of 
the  Summer  -  months  :   if  they  are 
planted  upon  an  old  Hot-bed,  and 
Shaded  and  watered,  they  will  take 
Root  in  about  fix  Weeks  time,  when 
they  ihould  be  planted   each  into 
tfeparatePot  filled  with  lieht  Earth  ; 
and  after  they  have  taken  frefli  Root, 
tbey  may  be  placed  in  an  open  Si- 
tuation, where  they  may  have  the 
Sun  during   the  Summer  -  feafon  ; 
bat  in  Winter  they  mull  be  fcrccn- 
td  from  the  Froil,   and  have  as 
much  free  Air  as  pofiible  in  mild 
Weather  $    fo    that    if    they    are 
placed  in  an  airy  Glafs-cafe  with 
the  former  Sort  in  Winter,  and  ex-> 
pofed  with  other  Exotic  Plants  from 
the  fame  Country  in  Summer,  they 
will  thrive  extremely  well. 

CALPs-SNOUT.     r/V/  Amir- 
ihinum. 
CALTHA,  Marigold. 
The  CbaraStrs  arc; 
//  bmib  a  radiated  difious  Flvwer : 
the  Petals  of  the  Flower  arty  for  the 
^ft  part,   crenated:    the  Seeds  are 
^roeked  and  rough :  thofe  *whicb  are 
Wttrmofi  are  long,  and  thofe  ^thin 
orefifort :  the  Leaves  are  long,  intire, 
^4  /ucculent. 


c  A 

The  Spedis  are ; 

1.  Caltha  nndgarisjflort  citrine. 
C  B,    The  common  Marigold. 

2.  Caltba  'ifmJgaris,  fl^rt  faU 
lido,  C.  B,  The  pale-colour^  Ma- 
rigold. 

3.  Caltha  pofyamtbos  fUMor,  QB. 
The  large  double  Marigold. 

4.  C  ALT  HA  polyauthos  maxima. 
C.  B.  The  largefl  double  Marigold. 

5.  Caltha  minima.  J>B»  The 
fmalleft  Marigold. 

6.  Caltha  media,  folio  lon^o^ 
froUfera.  Boerb.  Ind.    The  childing 

Marigold  .- 

7.  Caltha  pofyanthms  maf or ^  fort 
euerfo.  C.  B.  P,  Large  double 
gold* coloured  Marigold. 

8.  Caltha  florihus  reflexit. 
C.  B.  P.  Marigold  with  a  refiexed 
Flower. 

9.  Caltha  fore  mix0,    H.  R*' 
Par.     Party- colourM  Nlarigold. 

Thefe  are  all  of  them  annual 
Plants,  which  perilh  foon  after  tbey 
have  perfeded  their  Seeds;  but  if 
they  are  permitted  to  fcatcer,  will 
come  up  abundantly,  and  become 
troublefome  Weeds.  But  in  order 
to  keep  the  Sorts  diftinft,  you  (bould 
carefully  fave  the  Seeds  of  each,  and 
fow  them  in  the  Spring,  efpecially 
the  largeft,  double,  the  party*co- 
lourM,  and  childing  Kinds,  which 
are  often  kept  in  Gardens  for  the 
Beauty  of  their  Flowers :  the  others 
arc  only  fowed  for  Pot-herbs.  The 
feventh  and  ninth  Sorts  are  yery 
pretty  annual  Plants;  thefe  may 
be  fown  on  a  Bed  or  Border  in  the 
Spring,  where  they  are  defigned 
to  remain ;  for  they  feldom  thrive 
well  when  they  are  tranfplanted : 
a  few  Plants  of  each  of  thefe  large 
double  Kinds  of  Mangolds  may 
have  a  Place  in  large  open  Borders, 
where  the  moft  hardy  Kinds  of 
Flowers,  which  require. little  Culture, 
are  ufually  planted,  in  which  0iey 
wijl  make  an  agreeable  Variety. 
Q,>  In 


C  A  C  A 

In  faVitig  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Kinds,  kte  learned  Friend  Dr.  WilUafntiouf- 

there    (hould    be    particular    Care  iwn  brought  the  8ceds  into  England. 

taken-  to  make  choice  of  the  moft  This  is  a  low  Shrub,  feldom  ri£ng 

double  Flowers,  and  thofe  which  are  above  four  or  five  Feet  high,  and 

of  the  brighteft  Colours.  produces  its  Flowen  at  the  Ends  of 

The  common  Mangold  is  fome-  the  Branches,  in  fmall  Umbels  :   the 

times  ttfed  in  Medicine ;    but  the  Leaves  and  Branches  of  this  Plants 

Flowers  are  frequently  ufed  in  the  when  broken,  emit  a  milky  Juice, 

Kitchen,  for  botn  which  Purpofes  which  is  acrid,  and  near  of  Kin  to 

the  iingle  Flowers  are  to  be  pre-  the  Dog's-bane. 
ferr'd,  having  a  much  better  Scent,         The  fecond  Sort  grows  plentifully 

and  add  a  flronger  Flavour  to  the  in  the  liland  of  Jamaica ;  as  alfo 

Soups.  in  fome  of  the  French  Iflands.    This 

Thefe  Kinds  are  very  fubjed  to  grows  taller  than  the  firft  Sort ;  but 

Vary,   efpecially    if  the  Seeds   are  the  Stem  is  not  fo  woody, 
not  very  carefully  faved  j    and  if        Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 

the  Seeds  are  often  changed  from  Seeds,  which  muft  be  procured  from 

one  Garden    to  another,    at  fome  the  Places  of  their  Growth;  for  they 

Didance,  it  will  be  a  means  to  pre-  do  not  perfe£t  their  Seeds  in  Eng- 

fervc  the  Varieties  better.  land.   They  may  alfo  be  propagated 

CALTHA  PALUSTRIS.    Vide  by  Cuttings  planted  in  an  Hot-bed 

Populago.  during  the  Summer-months  :    they 

CAMARA.     TrVr  Lantana.  muft  have  a  Bark-ftove  ;  for  they 

CAMERARIA.  are  very  tender  Plants ;  but  in  warm 

We  have  no  Englijh  Name  for  it.  Weather  muft  have  Plenty  of  Air. 
The  Chara&er J  arc ;  CAMPANULA,  Bell-flower. 

The   Empalement   of  the  Flower  The  Charafiers  arc ; 

U  din/ided  into  frve  ftfarp  Segments:         The  Flower  confijts  tf  one  Leaf  i 

the  Fhiver  {i  tubulouSy  conjifiing  of  is  fiafed  like  a  Bell  \  and  is.  Before 

one   Leaf  ^ivhieh   opens  at  the  Top^  hlonvn,  of  a  pentagonal  Figure ;  and^ 

etnd  is  di*uidcd  intq  fi've  Farts  :    the  nvhen  fully  opened,  is   cut  into  Ji*vi 

Fointal arifes  from  the  Bottom  of  the  Segments  at  the  Top:   the  Seed-'vejffet 

Tuhe^  halving  a  double  Gernsin,  and  is,  for  the  moft  part,    di<vided  into 

is  Attended  by  fi*ue  Stamina^  nvhich  three  Cells ,  each  banting  an  Hole  at 

are  fmall  t    the  Germen  afterguard  the   Bottom^    by  nvbich  the  Seed  u 

becomes  a  double  Fod^  inclofing  many  emitted, 
fmall  Seeds,    which    lie  over  each  The  Species  are ; 

9ther  lih  Scalei.  1.  Campanula   pyramidata  aU 

The  Species  are  i  tijftma,    Toum.     The  talleft  pyra- 

t.  CaMeraria   lato  ftyrti  folio,  midal  Bell-flower. 
Plum,  Noni.  Gen.     Cameraria  with         2.  Campanula  perfcafolia  L§- 

k  broad  Myrtle-leaf.  helii,  fore  cexruleo.  Mar.  Hift.    The 

ft.  Cameraria    angufto   linaridt  blue  peaeh-leavM  Bell-flower. 
folio.  Plum.  No^.  Gen.     Cameraria         i.  C a mva^iv la  perjicafolia,  fore 

With  a  narrow  Toadflax-leaf.  albo.  Mor.  Hift.     The  white  peach- 

Thcfe  Plants  are  both  Natives  of  Icav'd  Bell-flower* 
the  warmcft  Parts  of  America,    The        4.  Campanula  perftc^ folia,  flare 

firft  Sort  grows  plentifully  in  the  pleiio,    Tcum.     The  double  peach- 

Ifltod  of  X^uba^  from  Whence  tny  Jeav'd  Bell-flower. 

J.  Cau- 


C  A 

e.  CkU^ hr^Vhh  pirficafolia^jlori 
mloeplemo,  Toum.  The  double  white 
J)each-leavM  Bell-flower. 

6.  Campanula  horttnfis^  Jfort 
f^  folio  obloHgo,  C,B.  Gardeil  Bell- 
flower,  with  oblong  Leaves  and 
Flowers,  commonl/  called  Can/tT' 
bury  Bells. 

7-  Campanula  horttnfisy  ^fort 
tf  folio  ohlongOf  Jtore  albo,  C.  h. 
White  Canterbury  Bells. 

8-  Campanula  horttnfisy  fiore  CsT 
,foUo  obUngo,  fioTi  ntariegaio.     The 

flriped  Canterbury  Bells. 

9.  Campanula  *vuIgatior^  foliis 
mrtic^,  *ue/  major  £5f  afperior^  Jtore- 
dnflid  caruleo  majore,  Boerb,  Ind, 
Large  nettle-leav'd  Bell-flower,  with 
large  double  blue  Flowers. 

10.  Campanula  ^ulgatior,  foliis 
urtic^e^  <vel  major  Jsf  afperior^  flore 
iupHciaibo.  H.R.Par.  Large  net- 
tle-leavM  Bell-flower,  with  double 
white  Flowers. 

ii.Campanula  Canarienjts^  atri- 
fUcis  foUo^  tuberofa  raJice.  Toum. 
Canary  Bell  -  flower,  with  Orach- 
kaves,  and  a  tuberofe  Root.- 

12.  Campanula  minor  Ameri' 
eaaa^  foliis  rigidis^  flore  caeruleo  pa- 
inlo,  H,L,  Dwarf  American  Bell- 
flower,  with  rigid  Leaves^  and  blue 
Flowers. 

13.  Campanula  minor  Ameri- 
cauiy  foliis  rigidisy  flore  albo,  H.  luB^ 
lyvik  American  Bell-flower,  with 
rigid  Leaves,'  and  white  Flowers. 

14.  Campanula  radice  efculenta^ 
JUre  cceruUo,  H.  L  Blue  Bell- 
iiower,  with  edible  Roots,  commonly 
called  Rampions. 

ic.  Campanula  ar^venps  pro* 
eymbens.  Inft,  R.  H.     Ventu\  Look- 

^S-gl<^^9»  ^ulgo, 

16.  Campanula  ar^oenfi$  ereBa, 
H.  L,  Upright  Fenuj^s  Looking-glafs. 

17.  Campanula  ar*venflj  ereSla^ 
Jfore  aiip,  Jnfi.  R.  H.     Upright  F$' 


C  A 

««/s  Look^glafsy    with  a 'white 
Flower. 

18.  Campanula  arvenfls  pro* 
cambensy  flore  albo.  It.  L.  Venu^Z 
Looking-glafs  with  a  white  Flower. 

19.  Campanula  maxima^  foliis 
latiffimisy  flore  caeruleo.  C.  B.  P, 
Greateft  Bell-flower,  with  broad 
Leaves,  and  a  blue  Flower,  com- 
monly  called  Giant  Throatwort. 

ao.  Campanula  maxima ^  foUis 
latiffimis,  flore  albo,  C.B.P.  Greateft 
Bell-flower,  with  broad  Leaves,  and 
a  white  Flower. 

11,  Cak^Pa^^tla  pratenfisy  flore 
conglomerate,  C.B.P.  Little  Throat- 
wort,  or  Canterbury  Bells,  n^ulgo. 

22.  Campanula  pratenfls,  flort 
tonglomerato albo,  H.R.Par.  Little 
Throatwort,  or  Canterbury  Bclls^ 
with  a  white  Flower. 

23.  CamPant/la  foliis  ecbiiy  flo- 
ribus  <villofis.  C.  B,  Bell-flower 
with  Leaves  like  Vipers  -  buglofs^ 
and  hairy  Flowers. 

24.  Campanula  foUis  anchuf^^ 
floribus  obloHgit,  C.  B.  Bell-flower 
with  Leaves  like  Alkanet,andIongi{h 
Flowers. 

2^.  Campanula  nemorofot  an-> 
gufttfolia,  magno  flore y  major.  Inft. 
R.  H,  Greater  wood  Bell-flower, 
with  a  narrow  Leaf,  and  large 
Flower, 

26.  Campanula  nemorofa  an* 
guftifolia^  parvo  flore.  Inft.  R.  H. 
Narrow  -  l«av'd  wood  Bell-flower, 
with  a  fmall  Flower. 

27.  Campanula  minor  rotundi^ 
folia  ^vulgaris.    C.    B.      Common 

fmall  round-leav'd  Bell-flower. 

28.  Cawf  AWL  A  pentagonia  per* 
foliata.  Mor,  Hift.     Five  -  corner'4 

Bell-flower,  with  a  perfoliated  Leaf, 

29.  Campanula  minor  annua, 
foliis  incifis.  Mor,  Hift.  Small  an- 
nual cut-leav'd  Bell-flower,  or  fV- 
/sM*s  Looking-glafs. 

30.  Cam- 


C  A 

mmpliffim^f  Thracica.  Infi,  R.  H» 
Five-cornered  Bell  •flowery  with  a 
lim  Flower. 

The  firft  Sort  is  commonly  cn!- 
tivated  to  adorn  Chimneys,  Halls, 
&r.  in  the  Summer  -  feafon ;  for 
which  Purpofe  there  is  no  Plant 
more  proper,  it  producing  fomctimes 
eighty  ten,  or  twelve  Branches,  which 
will  grow  four  or  five  Feet  high, 
and  produce  large  Quantities  of 
beautiful  Flowers,  almofl  the  whole 
Length  of  the  Stalks,  which,  if  kept 
Irom  Rain  and  Sun,  will  continue 
in  Beauty  for  a  long  time ;  and  if 
the  Branches  are  regularly  fpread 
flat  to  Sticks,  they  make  a  very 
fine  Appearance. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  either 
by  fowing  the  Seeds  in  March,  in  a 
Bed  of  light  ondungM  Soil,  or  by 
pirtine  the  Roots;  the  latter  Me- 
thod, being  the  moil  expeditious,  is 
commonly  pradifed ;  for  every  Dug 
taken  from  the  Roots  in  Septtmber 
Or  March,  will  grow,  if  rightly  ma- 
naged: but  the  Roots  whidi  are 
raifed  from  Seeds,  will  make  the 
llrongefl  Bloom  ;  for  which  Reafon, 
yoi)  fliould  vrtry  Year  fow  of  the 
Seeds,  to  have  a  Succeflion  of  thefe 
Roots,  notwithflanding  they  are 
commonly  three  or  four  Years  be- 
fore they  flower ;  we  (Jiould  there- 
fore tranfplant  the  young  Plants  into 
Nurfery-beds  the  Siptfmhcr  after 
fbwing,  which  Beds  fliould  be  made 
of  a  light  Soil,  rather  dry  than  wet : 
the  Diflance  they  fliould  be  planted 
zt,  is  fix  Inches  fquare :  and  if  in 
hard  frofly  Weather  you  cover  the 
Bed  with  Mats,  it  will  greatly 
f  rengthen  the  young  Roots  :  in 
thefe  Beds  they  may  remain  until 
the  third  Year  after  fowing  ;  at 
which  time,  if  you  find  the  Roots 
are  flrong,  and  promife  well  for 
^weringp  in  September  you  fliould 


c  A 

fake  them  up,  and  plant  tbem  mxia 
Pots  of  Ught  Soil  i  and  If  you  have 
the  Conveniency  of  a  Glais-frame 
to  flielter  them  in  Winter  from  ^neat 
Rains,  and  fevere  Frofts,  they  will 
be  vaftly  the  flroneer  for  it  i    for 
altho'  they  require  frequent  IVater- 
ings  in  Summer-time,  yet  too  jnoch 
Wet  in  Winter  is  apt  to  rot  them  i 
for  their  Roots  are  fucculent   and 
milky  J    therefore,  if  you  have  no 
foch  Conveniency,  you  muil  lay  the 
Pots  on  one  fide  in  very  wet  W'ea-r 
ther,  and  in  a  great  Froft  fet  them 
under  a  warm  Wall,  Pale,  or  Hedges 
and  cover  them  with  Peas-haubn, 
&r.   obferving  to  lay  a  little  old 
Dung  round  the  Pots,  to  guard  their 
Roots  from  the  Frofl.     If  this  Care 
be  taken,  the  Flowen  will  fuflidentlj 
recompenfe  for  the  Trouble,  in  their 
Numbers  and  Largenefs. 

The  Peach. leav*d   Bell-flowers 
may  be  raifed  from  Seeds,  in   the 
fame  manner ;  or  be  increafed,  by 
parting  their  Roots  in  Autumn,  which 
is  the  mofl  expeditious  Method  : 
thefe  are  very  hardy,  and  may  be 
planted  in  open  Beds  or  Borders, 
where  they  will  flower  very  ftrong 
efpecially  if  their  Roots  are  taken 
up  and  parted  every  other  Year; 
for  otherwife  the  Number  of  Heads 
will  render  their  Stems  weak,  and 
the  Flowers  fpaall  :     the  doable - 
flowering  Sorts  are  only  propagated 
by  parting  of  their  Roots. 

The  Canterbury  Bells  are  biennial, 
feldom  lafling  longer  than  the  fe- 
cond  Year ;  thefe  therefore  are  only 
raifed  bv  fowing  their  Seeds,  the 
befl'Sea^n  for  which  is  in  the  Be- 
ginning of  jlpril,  and  in  ymie  the 
Plants  will  be  fit  to  tranfplant;  at 
which  time  you  fliould  prepare  a  Bed 
or  two  in  a  fliady  Situation,  where 
you  niuft  plant  them  at  about  fix 
Inches  Diflance  every  way ;  and  in 
September  following  you  may  plant 

them 


C  A 

them  out  into  the  Borders  of  the 
Flower  -  gaiden,  wheie  they  will 
ioscrtheM^  following;  and  when 
thtf  have  ripened,  their  Seeds  will 
ifie;  therefore  yon  moft  fow  every 
Year,  to  have  a  Sopply  of  ficfii 
Roots. 

The  two  Dwarf  Awurican  Kinds 
are  only  propagated  by  OfF-fets,  their 
Seeds  ieUom  ripening  with  us :  they 
aie  hardy,  and  will  endure  in  the 
open  Air,  provMed  they  are  planted 
IB  a  dry  Soil,  and  a  warm  Situation : 
the  bdl  Seafon  for  parting  their 
Roots  is  in  Afril\  but  they  muft 
not  have  too  rich  a  Soil. 

The  Canary  Campanula  is  one  of 
themoft  beauofal  Plants  of theGreen- 
honfe,  it  producing  its  Flowers  in  the 
Depth  of  Winter;  and  continues 
thoD  thro*  the  Months  of  Decembtr^ 
J^narjy  and  February.  This  Plant 
is  propagated  by  parting  its  Roots, 
the  Seafon  for  which  is  in  Junet 
when  the  Stems  are  quite  decayed ; 
and  in  doing  of  it,  great  Care  fhould 
he  taken  not  to  break  or  brnife  their 
Roots,  which  would  endanger  their 
decaying.  The  Soil  in  which  thefe 
Roots  fhoald  be  planted,  muft  be 
oae-third  frefli  Earth,  a  third-part 
Sand^and  the  reft  Lime-rubbi(h;  this 
ifaoold  be  well  mixed  and  fcreened, 
and  if  laid  together  half  a  Year  be- 
fore It  is  ufed,  that  it  may  incorpo- 
Tate,  it  will  be  the  better. 

When  yon  plant  the  Roots,  give 
them  a  little  Water  to  fettle  the 
£arth  about  them ;  but  afterwards 
let  your  Waterings  be  very  fparingly 
done,  and  but  feldom  repeated  until 
ibeir  Stems  begin  to  advance;  after 
which,  they  muft  have  a  little  more 
freely.  The  Stems  of  the  Flower 
will  begin  to  appear  in  Auguft ;  and 
if  the  Roots  are  ftrong,  will  rife  to 
eight  or  nine  Feet  in  Height ;  and 
ia  Nivemher,  or  fooner,  will  begin 
(oih^  its  t^eau(ifal  flaqne- coloured 


C  A 

Flowers.  When  thefe  Stems  htpm 
to  advance,  yon  (hould  remove  tho 
Plants  into  Shelter,  to  gaard  them 
from  morning  Frofts,  or  great  Rainsi 
and  as  the  Weather  grows  Golder» 
they  muft  be  removed  into  a  good 
Green -houfe,  where  they  ihoold 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  poffible  ill 
open  mild  Weather.  This  Plant 
will  require  the  fame  Proportion  of 
Heat  as  is  allotted  for  the  Ficoides, 
and  will  thrive  in  the  fame-Houfe 
better  than   among  Orange -trees. 

The  nettle  -  leav'd  Bell-flowers 
are  very  hardy,  and  may  be  increafed 
by  parting  their  Roots  either  ia 
Spring  or  Autumn,  and  are  proper 
for  larg^  open  Borders. 

The  Rampion  is  propagated  in 
the  Kitchen-garden,  for  its  Root, 
which  was  formerly  in  greater  Efteem 
in  England  than  at  prefent,  altho* 
the  French  are  ftill  very  fond  of  it : 
the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  fhould  be 
fown  in  March,  in  a  Bed  of  light 
dry  Earth,  very  thin  ;  and  in  Afoy, 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  hoe 
them  out,  leaving  them  about  four 
Inches  fqu^re ;  ^d  during  the  Sum* 
mer  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds, 
and  the  Winter  following  they  will 
be  fit  for  Ufe. 

The  fix  Sorts  of  Venus^%  Look* 
ing-glafs  are  annual  Plants;  the 
Seeds  of  thefe  fhould  be  fown  in  the 
Borders  of  the  Flower-garden,  where 
they  are  to  remain;  for  they  do  not 
love  tranfplanting.  If  the  Seeds 
are  fown  in  April,  the  Plants  will 
flower  in  June  and  July\  but  if  they 
are  fown  in  May,  they  will  not  flower 
till  Auguft ;  To  that  by  fowing  them 
at  different  times,  there  may  be  a 
Succeflion  of  them  in  Flower  during 
all  the  Summer-months :  and  if  the 
Seeds  are  fown  toward  the  End  of 
Auguft,  upon  a  light  warm  Soil,  the 
Plants  will  abide  the  Winter,  and 

^ower 


C  A 

mmpliJpmOf  Tbracica,  Inft,  R.  H, 
Five-oorner'd  BdUflower,  with  a 
large  Flower. 

Tbe  firft  Sort  is  commonly  cot- 
tivated  to  adorn  Chimneys,  Halls, 
tsfc.  in  the  Summer  -  fcafon ;  for 
which  Purpofe  there  is  no  Plant 
more  proper,  it  producing  fometimes 
eight,  ten,  or  twelve  Branches,  which 
will  grow  four  or  five  Feet  high, 
and  produce  large  Quantities  of 
beautiful  Flowers,  almofl  the  whole 
Length  of  the  Stalks,  which,  if  kept 
from  Rain  and  Sun,  will  continue 
in  Beauty  for  a  long  time ;  and  if 
the  Branches  are  regularly  fpread 
fiat  to  Sticks,  they  make  a  very 
fine  Appearance. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  either 
by  fowing  the  Seeds  in  March,  in  a 
Bed  of  light  undungM  Soil,  or  by 
puting  the  Roots;  the  latter  Me- 
thod, being  the  mofk  expeditious,  is 
commonly  pradifed ;  for  every  Dug 
taken  from  the  Roots  in  Septembtr 
0t  March,  will  grow,  if  rightly  ma- 
naged: but  the  Roots  which  are 
raifed  from  Seeds,  will  make  the 
Urongefl  Bloom  s  for  which  Reafon, 
you  fliould  tytry  Year  fow  of  the 
Seeds,  to  have  a  Succeffion  of  thefe 
Roots,  notwithilanding  they  are 
commonly  three  or  four  Years  be- 
fore they  flower  \  we  Qiould  there- 
lore  tranfplant  the  young  Plants  into 
Nurfery-beds  the  September  after 
fbwing,  which  Beds  fhould  be  made 
of  a  light  Soil,  rather  dry  than  wet : 
the  Diflance  they  fhould  be  planted 
at,  is  fix  Inches  fquare :  and  if  in 
hard  frofty  Weather  you  cover  the 
Bed  with  Mats,  it  will  greatly 
i^rengthen  the  young  Roots  :  in 
thefe  Beds  they  may  remain  until 
the  third  Year  after  fowing ;  at 
which  time,  if  you  find  the  Roots 
are  ftrong,  and  promife  well  for 
^wering^  in  September  you  fhould 


c  A 

take  them  op,  and  plant  tbesn  into 
Pots  of  light  Soil ;  and  if  yea  have 
the  Conveniency  of  a  Glafs- frame 
to  fhelter  them  in  Winter  from  g^rcat 
Rains,  and  fevere  Frofts,  thejr  v^UI 
be  vaftly  the  fbt>n|^r  for  it  :    for 
altho'  they  require  frequent  IVater- 
ings  in  Summer-time,  yet  too  mach 
Wet  in  Winter  is  apt  to  rot  them  ; 
for  their  Roots  are  fuccalent    ond 
milky  ;    therefore,  if  you  have  no 
fuch  Conveniency,  you  muft  lay  the 
Pots  on  one  fide  in  very  wet  V/ea-r 
ther,  and  in  a  great  FrofI  fet  them 
under  a  warm  Wall,  Pale,  or  Hedges 
and  cover  them  with  Peas-haalm, 
&c.   obferving  to  lay  a  little   old 
Dung  round  the  Pots,  to  guard  their 
Roots  from  the  Frofl.     If  this  Care 
be  taken,  the  Flowers  will  fuifidently 
recompenfe  for  the  Trouble,  in  their 
Numbers  and  Largenefs. 

The  Peach.  leav*d   Bell -flowers 
may  be  raifed  from  Seeds,  in   the 
fame  manner ;  ot  be  increafed^  by 
parting  their  Roots  in  Autumn,  which 
is  the  moft  expeditious  Method  : 
thefe  are  very  hardy,  and  may  be 
planted  in  open  Beds  or  Borders, 
where  they  will  flower  very  ilrong 
efpecially  if  their  Roots  are  taken 
up  and  parted  every  other  Year; 
for  otherwife  the  Number  of  Heads 
will  render  their  Stems  weak,  and 
the  Flowers  fmall :     the  double  - 
flowering  Sorts  are  only  propagated 
by  parting  of  their  Roots. 

The  Canterbury  Bells  are  biennial^ 
feldom  lafUng  longer  than  the  fe- 
cond  Year ;  thefe  therefore  are  only 
raifed  bv  fowing  their  Seeds,  the 
beftrSeafon  for  which  is  in  the  Be- 
ginning of  jfpril,  and  in  Jwie  the 
Plants  will  be  fit  to  tranfplant;  at 
which  time  you  fhould  prepare  a  Bed 
or  two  in  a  fhady  Situation,  where 
you  muft  plant  them  at  about  Hx 
Inches  DiHance  every  way  ;  and  ii| 
September  following  you  may  plant 

them 


C  A 

them  oat  into  tbe  Borders  of  the 
Flower  -  garden,  where  they  will 
ioscr  tbe Jlfi;^  following;  and  when 
chef  have  ripened,  their  Seeds  will 
(fie;  therefore  yoa  maft  fow  every 
Year,  to  have  a  Supply  of  freih 
Roots. 

The  two  Dwarf  Amtrican  Kinds 
are  only  propagated  by  OfF-fets,  their 
^te^  (eldom  ripening  with  us :  they 
are  hardy»  and  will  endure  in  the 
open  Air,  provided  they  are  planted 
in  a  dry  Soil,  and  a  warm  Situation : 
the  bc^  Seafbn  for  parting  their 
Roots  is  in  April  \  but  they  mull 
sot  have  too  rich  a  Soil. 

The  Canary  Campanula  is  one  of 
themoft  beaotifol  Plants  of  theGreen- 
bafe,  it  prodocing  its  Flowers  in  the 
Diepth  of  Winter;  and  continues 
t&em  thro*  the  Months  of  Decembtr^ 
Jamaary^  and  February.  This  Plant 
is  propagated  by  parting  its  Roots, 
the  Sieafon  for  which  is  in  June^ 
vhen  the  Stems  are  quite  decayed; 
and  in  doing  of  it,  great  Care  (hould 
he  taken  not  to  break  or  brnife  their 
Roots^  which  would  endanger  their 
decaying.  The  Soil  in  which  thefe 
Roots  ihould  be  planted,  mnft  be 
one-third  frefh  Earth,  a  third-part 
Sand,  and  the  refl  Lime-rubbifh;  this 
ibonld  be  well  mixed  and  fcreened, 
and  if  laid  together  half  a  Year  be- 
fore It  is  ttfed,  that  it  may  incorpo- 
rate, it  will  be  the  better. 

When  yon  plant  the  Roots,  giire 

them  a  little  Water  to  fettle  the 

Earth  about  them ;  but  afterwards 

kt  yoor  Waterings  be  very  fparingly 

done,  and  but  feldom  repeated  until 

their  Stems  begin  to  advance;  after 

whkh,  they  muft  have  a  little  more 

freely.    Tbe  Stems  of  the  Flower 

will  begin  to  appear  in  Auguft ;  and 

if  the  Roots  are  ftrong,  will  rife  to 

eight  or  nine  Feet  in  Height ;  and 

'mNtvembiTf  or  fooner,  will  begin 

|oih^its  t^eaaMfol  ^qie- coloured 


C  A 

Flowers.  When  thefe  Stems  beghi 
to  advance,  you  (hould  remove  the 
Plants  into  Shelter,  to  guard  them 
from  morning  Frofts,  or  great  Rainsi 
and  as  the  Weather  grows  colder^ 
they  mufk  be  removed  into  a  good 
Green -houfe,  where  they  fhonld 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  poffible  in 
open  mild  Weather.  This  Plant 
will  require  the  fame  Proportion  of 
Heat  as  is  allotted  for  the  Ficoides, 
and  will  thrive  in  the  fame  Houfe 
better  than   among  Orange -trees^ 

The  nettle  -  leav'd  Bell-flowere 
are  very  hardy,  and  may  be  increafed 
by  parting  their  Roots  either  in 
Spring  or  Autumn,  and  are  proper 
for  larg^  open  Borders. 

The  Rampion  is  propagated  in 
the  Kitchen-garden,  for  its  Root, 
which  was  formerly  in  greater  Efteem 
in  England  than  at  prefent,  altho* 
the  French  are  ftill  very  fond  of  it : 
the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  fhould  be 
fown  in  March,  in  a  Bed  of  light 
dry  Earth,  very  thin  ;  and  in  May, 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  hoe 
them  out,  leaving  them  about  four 
Inches  {quw ;  ^d  during  the  Sum« 
mer  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds, 
and  the  Winter  following  they  will 
be  fit  for  Ufe. 

The  fix  Sorts  of  Venus*%  Look- 
ing-glafs  are  annual  Plants;  the 
Seeds  of  thefe  fhould  be  fown  in  the 
Borders  of  the  Flower-garden,  where 
they  are  to  remain ;  for  they  do  not 
love  tranfplanting.  li  the  Seeds 
are  fown  in  Aprii^  the  Plants  will 
flower  in  June  and  Julyi  but  if  they 
are  fown  vaMay^  they  will  not  flower 
till  Augufi ;  fo  that  by  fowing  them 
at  different  times,  there  may  be  a 
Succefiion  of  them  in  Flower  during 
all  the  Summer-months :  and  if  the 
Seeds  are  fown  toward  the  End  of 
Auguft,  upon  a  light  warm  Soil,  the 
Plants  will  abide  the  Winter,  and 

flower 


C  A 

flofw^  early  the  Spring  followii^. 
The  Seeds  of  the  firft  Sort  arc  Very 
Common  in  all  the  Se^d  ihops  in 
Lmi^:  the  fourth  is  a  Variety  of 
the  firll;  but  the  iecond^  third,  fifth, 
tnd  iixth  Sorts  are  fefs  common  in 
England. 

The  two  Dwarf  American  Sorts 
will  endure  our  common  Winters  in 
the  open  Air ;  but  in  fevere  Frofts 
they  arc  often  deftroyed :  therefore 
it  will  be  proper  to  prefcrvc  fomc 
Plants  of  each  Sort  in  Pots,  which 
may  be  placed  under  a  common 
Hot- bed-frame  in  Winter  5  obferv- 
ing  to  take  off  the  Glaffes  every 
Day  in  mild  Weather,  that  they  may 
enjoy  as  much  irte  Air  as  pofTible ; 
and  in  hard  Frofts  the  GlaiTes  may 
be  covered  with  Mats,  Straw,  or  Peat- 
baulm,  to  prevent  the  Earth  in  the 
Pots  from  being  frozen,  which  will 
prefcrvc  the  Plants  in  Vigour. 

CAMPHORA.     FiJe  Laarus. 

CAMPHOR  ATA,  Stinking 
Ground-pine. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Camphorata  hirfuta,  C,B, 
Hairy  (linking  Ground-pine. 

2.  Camphorata  glabra,  C  B, 
Smooth  linking  Ground-pine. 

Thcfe  Plants  grow  plentifully  on 
fandy  and  rocky  Soils  near  Monr- 
pelier,  as  alfo  in  Itafy  and  Spain; 
but  arc  feldom  cultivated  in  Gar- 
dens. 

The  firft  Sort  is  reckoned  amongft 
the  officinal  Plants  in  the  College^ 
Difpenfatory ;  but  at  prefcnt  is 
feldom  ufed  in  Medicine. 

They  may  be  pi-opagated  by  Slips, 
which  fhould  be  planted  in  a  fhady 
Border  in  Aprii^  juft  as  the  Plants 
begin  to  flioot,  obferving  to  water 
them  frequently;  atid  when  the  Slips 
have  taken  good  Root,  they  may 
be  tranfplantedyWith  a  Ball  of  Earth  / 
,to  their  Roots,  into  a  warm  dry 
Border,  or  eUe  into  Pots,  that  they 


c  A 

may  be  fheltered  in  fevere  Froft, 

othcrwife  they  will  be  deftroyed. 

They  niay  alfo  be  propagated  fy 
•Seed ;  but  as  they  (eldom  perled 
their  Seeds  in  this  Country,  the 
other  Method  is  always  ufed  to  pro- 
pagate them  here. 

CAMPION.     Fide  Lychnis. 

CANDLE-BERRYTREE.  rUe 
Myrica. 

CANDY-TUFT.  T/^Thlafpi. 

CANNA  INDICA.  Hde  Cauf. 
nacorus. 

GANNABINA,  Baftard-hemp. 
The  CharaSers  «re ; 

//  //  a  GenuSy  tuhofe  f'/ttvers  bQ9/f 
J»  f^etab ;  but  confift  of  a  Vumhtr 
rf  7 breads  i  and  are  barren ;  fir  the 
Seed  is  produced  on  Female  Planis, 
*wbicb  ba<ve  no  wifible  Fle^wer ;  boi 
home  membranaceous  Seed  -  vejjelst 
nvbicb  inclofe  triangular  Seeds ^  tvbich 
are,  for  the  moft  fart^  oblong. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Cannabina  Oretica  fruQifira, 
Team.  Cor.  Fruitful  Baftard-hemp 
of  Candy, 

2.  Cannabina  Cretica forifira. 
Toum,  Cor.  Male  Baftard-hemp  of 
Carnfy, 

Thcfe  two  Plants  both  arife  finom 
the  fame  Seeds,  as  is  the  Cafe  with  the 
Male  and  Female  Plants  of  the  com- 
mon Hemp.  They  are  Natives  of  the 
Archipelago^  from  whence  Dr.  %Mr- 
nefirt  fent  the  Seeds  to  the  Royal 
Garden  at  Paris.  They  are  hardy 
Plants,  which  may  be  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Seeds  on  a  Bed  of 
frefti  light  Earth  in  the  Spring ;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up  two 
Inches  high,  they  ftiould  be  ca^^ 
fully  iranfplanted  into  a  Bed  of  frc(h 
Earth,  obferving  to  fliade  and  water 
them  until  they  have  taken  new 
Roof;  after  which  time  they  will 
require  no  farther  Culture,  bat  to 
keep  them  clear  from  Weeds.  At 
Michaelmas  the  Plants  will  die  dowa 


to 


q  A 


C  A. 


to  tlicir  Roots  ;   fo  they  (hould  re-  greatly  impoYerUh  thp  Land.;   {t| 

main  in  thefe  Beds  until  the  Begin-  that  this  Crop  mufl  not  be  repeated 

ningof  March,  at  which  time  they  on  the  fame  Ground, 
ihodd  be  tranfplanted  out  where        The  Land  on  which  Hemp  is  de« 

ihey  are  to  remain  ;    where  they  figned  to  be  fown,  ihould  be  well 

ihoald  be  placed  at  a  good  Didaoce  plowed,  aod  made  very  £ne  by  Har- 

Trom  each  other,  or  any  other  Plants;  rowing  ;  about  the  Middle  oi  April 

for  they  grow  pretty  large,  and  will  is  a  good  Seafon  for  fowing  the 

form  large  Heads,  if  they  are  fuf-  Seed:  three  Buihels  will  fow  an  Acre; 

fered  to  remain  many  Years ;   fo  in  the  Choice  of  the  Seed,  the  hea-; 

^at  they  (hould  be  placed  at  leaft  vieft  and  brighteft- coloured  fliould 

three  Feet  afunder.  be  preferred,   and  particular  Caro 

InthenativePlacesoftheirGrowth  fhould  be  had  to  the  Kernel  of  the 

they  often  rife  to  the  Height  of  Seed,  fo  that  fome  of  them  fhould 

ten  or  twelve  Feet ;  but  in  England  be  crack'd,  to  fee  if  they  have  the 

they  feidom  grow  to  more  than  half  Germ  or  future  Plant  perfect ;  for 

that  Size  :  but  when  their  Root?  are  in  fome  Places  the  Male  Plants  are 

\try  ftrong,  they  will  fend  forth  fix  drawn  out  too  foon  from  the  Fe» 

or  eight  Stems  from  each  Root,  fo  male  i   /.  e,   before  they  have  im- 

that  they  will  occupy  a  large  Space  pregnated  the  Female  Plants  witli 

of  Ground ;  but  as  there  is  no  great  the  Farina ;  in  which  Cafe,  tho*  the 

Beauty  in  thefe  Plants,  there  fhould  Seeds    produced    by   thefe   Femalo 

be  but  few  of  them  admitted  for  Plants  may  feem  fair  to  the  Eye, 

Variety.  yet  they  will  not  grow,  as  is  well 

CANNABIS,  Hemp.  known  to  the  Inhabitants  o^  Bickar^ 

The  Chara^ers  SLTC }  S<tmnejhead,  and  Dunnington^  three 

It  hath  digitated  or  fingered  Leaves,  Parilhes  in  the  Fens  of  Lincolnfijire^ 

nuhicb  grow  ofpofite  to  one  another :  where  Hemp  is  cultivated  in  great 

the  Fionuers  have  no  vifihle  Petals  ;  Abundance,  who  have  dearly  bought 

//  //  Male  and  Female,  in  different  their  Experience. 
Flanti.  When  the  Plants  are  come  up. 

Cannabis  fativa.   C  B,     The  they  fhould  be  hoed  out  in  the  fame 

manured  Hemp.  manner  as  is  pradifed  for  Tumeps, 

This  Plant  is  propagated  in  the  leaving  the  Plants  a  Foot  or  fixteen 

rich    fenny  Parts    of   Lincolnjhire^  Inches  apart ;  obferve  alfo  to  cut  all 

in  great  Quantities,   for  its  Bark,  the  Weeds,  which  if  well  performed, 

which  is  ufeiul  lor  Cordage,  Cloth,  and  in  dry  Weather,  will  defboy 

iSc  and  the  Seeds  afford  an  Oil»  them.    This  Crop  will  require  a  fe- 

which  is  ufed  in  Medicine.  cond  Hoeing  about  a  Month  after 

Hemp  is  always  fown  on  a  deep  the  firf(,    in  order  to  deHroy  the 

noifl  rich  Soil,  fuch  as  is  found  in  Weeds :  if  this  be  well  performed,  ' 

Uollmnd  in  Lineolnjhire,  and  the  Fens  it  will  require  no  farther  Care ;'  for 

in  the  Ifle  of  Ely,  where  it  is  cul-  .the  Hemp  will  foon  after  cover  the 

tifated  to  great  Advantage,  as  it  Ground,  and  prevent  the  Growth  0/ 

might  in  many  other  Parts  of  Eng^  Weeds. 

land,  where  there  is  the  like  Soil;        The  firft  Seafon  for  pulling  the 

bat  it  will  not  thrive  on  Clay,  or.  Hemp  is  ufually  about  the  Middle 

f&tTcoid  Land :   it  is  e(l..'emed  very  of  Augufi,  when  they  begin  to  pull 

gpodte  de^oy  Weeds,  but  it  will  what  they  caa  the  Fimble-herop, 

wh»cb 


C  A 

which  h  the  Male  Plants ;  but  it 
would  be  much  the  better  Method 
to  defer  this  a  Fortnight  or  three 
Weeks  longer,  until  thefe  Male 
Plants  have  fulty  fhcd  their  Duft ; 
without  which  the  Seeds  will  prove 
abortive,  produce  nothing  if  fown 
the  next  Year,  nor  will  tbofe  con- 
cerned in  the  Oil-mills  give  any- 
thing for  them,  there  being  only 
empty  Hulks,  without  any  kernels 
to  produce  the  Oil. 

The  fecond  Pulling  is  a  little  after 
Michaelmas^  when  the  Seeds  are  ripe : 
this  IS  ufually  called  Karle-hemp : 
they  were  the  Female  Planes,  which 
were  left  at  the  time  when  the  Male 
were  pulled.  This  Karl e  hemp  is 
bound  in  Bundles  of  a  Yard  Com- 
pafs,  according  to  Statute-meafure, 
which  are  laid  in  the  Sun  for  a  lew 
Days  to  dry ;  and  then  it  is  ftacked 
up,  or  houfed,  to  keep  it  dry,  till 
the  Seed  can  be  chrefhed  out.  An 
Acre  of  Hemp  on  a  rich  Soil  will 
produce  near  three  Quarters  of  Seed, 
which,  together  with  the  unwrought 
Hemp,  is  worth  from  fix  to  eight 
Pounds. 

Of  late  Years  the  Inhabitants  of 
the  Britijh  Colonies  in  North  Atiu- 
rica  have  cultivated  this  ufeful  Plant, 
and  a  Bountv  was  granted  by  Par- 
liament for  the  Hemp  which  was  im- 
ported from  thence  ;  but  whether 
the  Inhabitants  of  thofe  Colonies 
grew  tired  of  cultivating  it,  or  the 
Bounty  was  not  regularly  paid,  I 
cannot  fay  ;  but  whatever  has  been 
the  Caufe,  the  Quantity  imported 
has  by  no  means  anfwered  the  Ex-' 
peftation  of  the  Public,  which  is 
greatly  to  be  lamented  ;  becaufe  as 
this  Commodity  is  fo  eflential  to  the 
Marine,  which  (hould  be  the  prin-  . 
cSpal  Objcf^  of  this  Kingdom,  the 
being  furniflied  with  it  from  our  own 
plantations  will  not  i>nly  fave  the 
ready  Money  paid  for  it,  but  fecure 

7 


C  A 

to  the  G>antry  an  ample  Supply  at 
all  times,  without  being  obliged  to 
our  Neighbours  for  it. 

CANNACORUS,  The  hi£n 
flowering  Reed. 

The  Charaffers  are ; 

//  hath  a  knobbed  tvberwfe  R§ot: 
the  Leatues  are  lemg  and  nsrvaus :  the 
Flotver  confifis  of  om  Liaf^  is  /v^ 
hnu,  and  cut  into  fix  Segments:  thtfi 
are  fucceeded  by  rounSJb  membroMt- 
cfom  Vejfels^  nuhich  are  £*uidcd  into 
three  Cells^  each  containing  two  or 
three  round  hard  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  Cannacorus  lati/olins  W- 
garis,  Toum,  The  common  broad- 
leav*d  Indian  Reed^  with  pale  Flow- 
ers,* 

a.  Cannacorus  lati/oUns  vul- 
garis, foliis  njariegatis.  The  com- 
mon In^an  ReoJ,  with  ftriped 
Leaves. 

3.  Cannacorus  ^0r#  Inteo  fan* 
Sato.  Toum.  The  yellow  fpotted 
Indian  Reed. 

4.  Cannacorus  fiore    cocciueo 
fflendente,  Toum.     The  fine  fcarlet- 

coloured  Indian  Reed. 

5 .  Ca  N  N  A  CO  RU  s  ampliffimo  foUo^ 
fiore  rutilo.  Toum.  The  largeft-leav'd 

hdiau  Reed,   with  rediOi-coloured 
Flowers. 

6.  Cannacorus  anguJHfbliuSyftort 
fiatftfcente.    Toum.     Narrow-lcavM 

Indian  Reed,  .with  yellow  Flowers. 
Thefe  Sorts  are  all  propagated  b/ 
Seeds,  which  muft  be  fown  on  as 
Hot -bed  in  March,  and  afterward 
fhould  be  tranfplanted  into  Pots 
filled  with  good  rich  Earth,  and, 
during  the  Summer-feafon,  mull  be 
plentifully  watered.  Thefe  Plants, 
thus  managed,  will  many  times  pro- 
duce Flowers  the  firft  Seafon;  bat 
it  is  not  till  the  fecond  Year  that 
they  blow  firong :  in  order  to  whick, 
you  ihould  houfe  them  before  the 
Froft  pinches  their  Leaves,  obierviog 

(a 


C  A 

to  ffve  them  but  little  Water  in  the 
Wioter,  and  keep  them  intirely  from 
4he  Froft.  In  May  following,  pre- 
pare a  good  rich  Bed  of  Earth,  and 
toni  your  Plants  out  of  the  Pots  into 
this  Bed,  being  careful  not  to  diilurb 
the  £arih  about  their  Roots,  and 
giving  them  plenty  of  Water  in  dry 
Weaker.  When  your  Roots  have 
once  fattened  themfelves  into  this 
Bed,  they  will  grow  vigoroufly,  and 
produce  many  ftrong^Stems ;  which 
will  flower  much  ftronger  than  thofe 
kept  in  Pots,  and  ripen  their  Seeds 
rtry  well. 

The  fcarlet  BIofTom  is  by  far  the 
moft  beautiful  Kind ;  tho'  a  Mixture 
of  the  yellow-fpotted  Sort  will  look 
very  agreeable;  but  the  common 
pale-coloured  Sort  is  hardly  worth 
keeping,  unlefs  in  Botanic  Colle- 
Qions. 

This  Sort  will  live  through  the 
Winter,  in  the  open  Air,  if  it  is 
planted  in  a  warm  Situatioo,  and  a 
dry  Soil ;  and  will  fend  up  Stems 
tYcry  Summer,  four  or  five  Feet  high, 
and  produce  Flowers,  and,  in  good 
Seafons,  will  perfect  their  Seeds  very 
well  i  but  in  Autumn  the  Shoots 
and  Leaves  will  decay  to  the  Root, 
and  will  not  (hoot  again  till  the  Mid- 
dle or  End  of  May  following  :  this 
has  occafionM  their  having  been  de- 
ftroyed  by  unfkilful  PerTons,  who 
fuppofed  they  were  dead. 

Thefe  Sorts  may  be  alfo  increafed 
by  parting  their  Roots  in  the  Spring; 
bat  ihefe  Plants  feldom  flower  fo 
well  as  Seedlings  :  and  fince  the 
Seeds  are  fo  eafy  to  be  obtained,  it 
is  hardly  worth  pradiflng,  unlefs  for 
die  ftripM-leav'd  Sort,  which  can  be 
no  other  way  increasM.  The  Inha- 
bitants of  America  call  this  Plant  /«- 
iian  Shot^  and  fay,  the  Indians  make 
ufe  of  this  Seed  inflead  of  Shot^  CO 
ihoot  Wild-fowl,  iSc, 


c  A 

The  diird,  fourth,  and  fifth  Sorts 
make  a  fine.  Appearance  in  the  time 
of  their  Flowering,  which  (if  thejr 
are  kept  in  Ppts,  and  placed  in  a 
moderate  Stove)  will  be  from  De» 
cembtr  to  the  Middle  of  Jprtl^  and 
thefe  will  ripen  their  Seeds  in  June, 
fo  that  a  Plant  or  two  of  each  Kind 
are  worthy  of  a  Place  in  every 
Stove  where  Exotic  Plants  are  pre- 
ferved. 

The  fixth  Sort  produces  Spikes  of 
very  large  yellow  Flowers,  which 
make  a  fine  Appearance :  bat  thi»< 
rarely  flowers  in  England  i  for  id 
feveral  Gardens,  where  it  has  been 
long  preferved,  it  has  not  flowered 
above  once  in  four  or  five  Years : 
this  Sort  is  very  apt  to  fpread  at  the 
Root,  where  the  Plants  are  not  con* 
fined  in  Pots  ;  fo  may  be  plentifully 
increafed  by  the  Side-fhoots  orSuck« 
ers. 

CAPERS.     Vide  Capparis. 

CAPNOIDES,  Podded  Fumi- 
tory. 

The  OmraSitrs  are ; 

^he  Leanjes  and  <whoU  Face  rf  this 
Plant  is  like  Fumitory  ;  but  the  ^tyU 
9/  the  Fl<fwer  becomes  a  long  taper 
Fod^  «whicb  contains  matty  round JhiuC' 
ing  Seeds. 

Capnoides.  Toum.  Podded  Fu- 
mitory. 

This  is  a  pretty  annual  Plant, 
which  may  be  fown  in  an  open  Bor- 
der in  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  where 
the  Plants  are  to  remain,  either  in 
the  Borders  of  the  Flower-garden, 
where  they  will  make  a  pretty  Shew 
for  two  or  three  Months  together  ; 
or  in  Beds,  where  they  may  be  Town 
with  other  annual  Plants,  which  are 
preferved  for  Variety.  The  Secdt 
of  this  Plant,  if  Ajfl^ered  to  ihed  up- 
on the  Ground,  will  furnifl)  you  with 
Plants  enough,  without  giving  you 
the  Trouble  to  fow  it  any  more. 

CAP* 


C  A 

CAPNORCHIS,  ImUsn  balbops- 
rooted  Fumitory. 

The  CharaQirt  are  i 

Ww  hatb  the  wholg  Fact  of  fum- 
Ury:  tbi  Root  i$  fomitimis  tuherofe, 
fiwutimes  fcaly^  and  at  other  times 
bulbous  i  tbi  Flower  confifis  of  tnuo 
Leavetf  is  of  an  anomalous  Figure^ 
and  bangs  dommtjoard  :  the  Pods  an 
like  thofe  of  Sbepberd's-poucb, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant ;  <v^/«. 

Capnorchis  Americana,  Boerb. 
Ind.  American  bulbous-rooted  Fu- 
mitory. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  part- 
ing its  Roots,  or  from  Seeds :  it  is 
not  hardy  enough  to  endure  our 
Winters  in  the  open  Ground ;  fo 
muft  be  put  into  Pots  filled  with 
light  Earthy  and  houfed  in  Winter : 
the  Flowers  are  fomewhat  like  thofe 
of  Fumitory ;  and  though  none  of 
the  moil  beautiful  Plants,  yet  it  de- 
ferves  a  Place  in  a  good  Garden. 

CAPPARIS,  The  Caper-bufh. 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

///  Flowers  confift  of  four  Leaves^ 
nvbicb  are  expanded  in  form  of  a 
Rofe :  tbe  Fruit  is  fltjhj^  and^  for 
tbe  moft  partp  Jbaped  like  a  Pear,  in 
nvbicb  are  contained  many  roundijb 

Stedt. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  CaPPARIS  non  fpinofa^  fru3u 
majore,  C.  B.  The  large-fruited  Ca- 
per, without  Thorns. 

2.  CappaRIS  fpinofa,  frutlu  mi- 
nore,  folio  rotundo.  C.  B.  P.  Prickly 
round-leav*d  Caper,  with  a  fmall 
Fruit. 

^,  ChVTAnn  folio  aeuto,  C.  B, 
P,     Sharp-leav'd  Caper. 

4.  Capparis  Americana  arhore- 
ftenst  lauri  folio^  fru&u  longijpmo. 
Plum,  Cat.  American  Tree-caper, 
with  a  Bay-leaf,  and  a  long  Fruit. 

^.  Capparis  alia  arbor efcens^ 
lauri  foliit^  fruSu   obhngo  rvato. 


c  A 

Plum,  Cat,  American  Treecapcr, 
with  a  Bay-leaf,  and  an  oval  Fraic 

6.  CaPPar'is  Americana  arhorg^ 
fcenSt  laurO'Cerafi  foliiSf  fruBu  9^ 
longo,  American  Tree -caper,  with 
Laurel-leaves,  and  an  oblong  Fruit. 

The  firil,  fecond,  and  third  Sorts 
are  common  in  the  South  of  France^ 
and  in  Italy  ^  where  they  grow  wild 
on  the  Wsdis,  and  old  Ruins.  At 
Toulon  they  cultivate  thefe  Plants  up- 
on the  Walls,  by  fowing  of  their 
Seeds  in  the  Holes  of  the  Stone 
Walls,  about  three  or  four  Feet  front 
the  Ground ;  fo  that  the  Roots  of 
the  Plants  penetrate  into  the  Joints 
of  the  Walls,  and  from  thence  draw 
their  Nourifhment.  In  England  \t 
is  very  difficult  to  preierve  thefe 
Plants,  efpecially  if  they  are  planted 
in  Earth ;  for  thefe  Plants  thrive 
much  better  in  Rubbifli :  fo  that 
where  any  Perfon  is  defirous  to  cul« 
tivate  them,  they  fhould  be  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  Lime-rubbifh  and 
Sand,  and  placed  into  a  moderate 
Hot- bed,  to  forward  their  making 
new  Roots ;  after  which  time  they 
may  be  expofed  in  the  open  Air  in 
Summer  ;  but  in  Winter  they  muft 
be  (heltered  from  fevere  Froft,  which 
will  dellroy  them.  The  Stumps  of 
thefe  Plants  are  generally  brought 
over  in  Plenty  from  Italy  every 
Year,  by  the  Perfons  who  bring  over 
Orange-trees  and  Jafmines  ;  fo  tha 
they  may  be  purchafed  from  them 
at  a  moderate  Price,  which  is  fv  the 
eafied  Method  of  being  furnilhed 
with  thefe  Plants ;  for  the  Seeds  are 
not  eafily  obtained  from  abroad,  nor 
do  they  fucceed  very  well  with  as. 
Although  thefe  Plants  require  Shel- 
ter, when  planted  in  Pots;  yet  they 
will  endure  the  feverell  Cold  of  our 
Winter,  if  growing  in  a  Wall. 

There  is  a  Buih  of  this  Kind,nov 
growing  in  an  Hole  of  a  decay*d 

Wall,  in  tbe  Gardens  of  Camden 

Hoafe 


C  A 

Hoofe  at  Km/ingteuy  which  htth  en- 
doitd  feveral  Winters  withoac  any 
Shelter  or  Covering,  and  annual!/ 
produces  many  beautifol  Flowers, 
and  fometimes,  in  good  Seafons,  will 
produce  Seeds ;  though  I  do  not  re- 
member ever  to  have  Teen  them  per- 
6dly  ripe. 

The  fourth,  fifth,  and  fijcth  Sorts 
ait  Natives  of  Jmerica:  the  fourth 
and  fifth  were  difcovered  by  Father 
FJumUr  in  the  French  Iflands ;  but 
the  fixth  was  found  by  Mr.  Robert 
Hiliar  near  Cartbagena,  in  the  Spa* 
m/b  Wefi'Indies^  from  whence  he  alfo 
iait  me  the  otho:  two  Kinds.  Thefe 
three  Sorts  may  be  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  ihould  be  (own  in  Pots 
filled  with  light  fandy  Earth,  and 
pluDged  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
Bark,  obferving  to  water  the  Earth 
frequently,  to  forward  the  Vegeta- 
tion of  the  Seed.  When  the  Plants 
ve  come  up,  they  ihould  be  each 
tnnfplanted  into  a  fmall  Pot  filled 
vith  light  fandy  Earth,  and  plunged 
mto  the  Hot-bed  again,  obferving 
'to  (been  them  from  the  Sun,  until 
they  have  taken  Root ;  after  which 
time  they  muft  have  Air  and  Water, 
la  proportion  to  the  Warmth  of  the 
Seafon.  When  the  Plants  have  filled 
thde  fmall  Pots  with  their  Roots, 
they  Ihould  be  carefully  taken  out, 
and  their  Roots  trimmed,  and  put 
into  larger  Pots,  and  plunged  into 
the  Hot-bed  again.  In  Winter  thefe 
I^hmts  muft  be  removed  into  the 
Store,  and  placed  in  the  Bark-bed, 
where  they  (hould  be  treated  after 
the  manner  direded  for  the  Gvaja<va ; 
widi  which  Management  thefe  Plants 
will  fucceed. 

CAPER-BEAN.     Vide  Fabago. 

CAPRARIA,Wad.liquorice,  or 
Sweet,  weed. 

The  Cbaraffers  are ; 

^he  Empalete^t  of  the  Flower  is 
9f  out  leaf,  divided  into  four  Farts, 

Vot.  I. 


C  A 

iach  ofiohicb  is  boUotu  like  a  Spoon  r 
tie  Flonuer  is  alfo  of  one  Leaf,  njuhicb 
is  di*oided  into  four  or  finfe  conceive 
Segments,  nuhich  are  reflexed:  in  the 
Middle  isfituated  the  Ovary,  attend" 
ed  by  four  Stamina,  fwbicb  are  fur* 
rounded  by  a  great  Number  of  fmall 
hairy  1^ breads  :  the  Ovary  becomes  a 
Fruit  Vfith  one  Cell,  snclofing  many 
fmall  Seeds, 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Capraria  foliis  alternis,  co^ 
rollis  quinquefidis,  Lin.  Wild-li quo- 
rice,  or  Sweet-weed,  with  Leavea 
placed  alternately,  and  the  Flower 
divided  into  ^ye  Parts. 

2.  Capraria  foliis temis,  eoroU 
lis  quadripartitis,  Lin,  Wild-liquo- 
rice,  or  Sweet-weed,  with  three 
Leaves  at  each  Joint,  and  the  Flower 
divided  into  four  Segments. 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the 
Iflands  in  America,  where  they  are 
troublefo  me  Weeds ;  for,  as  they  pro- 
duce great  Quantities  of  Seed,  when 
they  have  fcattered  their  Seeds,  the 
Plants  will  come  up  in  great  Plenty ; 
the  fecond  Sort  has  a  fweet  Tade 
when  chewed, fomewhat  like  Liquo- 
rice, which  occafioned  the  Name  of 
Sweet- weed. 

Thefe  Plants  are  prcferved  in  Bo- 
tanic Gardens,  in  divers  Parts  of 
Europe ;  but,  as  they  have  no  great 
Beauty,  they  are  feldom  propagated 
in  other  Gardens. 

They  are  propagated  by  Seeds^ 
which  muil  be  fown  upon  an  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  and 
the  Plants  muft  be  brought  forward 
by  planting  them  upon  a  fecond  Hot- 
bed ;  and  about  the  Middle  or  Lat- 
ter-end of  June  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted  either  into  Pots  of  rich  Earth, 
or  a  warm  Border,  and  may  then  be 
expofed  to  the  open  Air,  where  they 
will  perfeft  their  Seeds  in  Auguft : 
the  fecond  Sort  may  be  preferved 
through  the  Winter  in  a  good  Stove  t 
iC  bat. 


C  A 

but,  as  it  ripens  its  Sepis  the  firs 
Year,  it  is  very  icldom  preserved 
longer. 

CAPRIFOLIUM  Honeyfucklc. 
The  Chara3irs  are; 

//  hath  a  tlitnbing  Stalky  iphieh 
inMifis  itfflf  about  ^whatever  Tree 
ftandt  near  it :  the  Fienuen  are  tuhu' 
lous  andohkng^  amfifting  oftme  Lea/f 
Hvhuh  opens  tonuard  the  Topy  and  is 
din)idtd  into  tnvo  Lips  ;  the  uppermoft 
of  ivhiih  is  again  divided  into  tnvOf 
and  the  Uvoermofi  into  many  Segments: 
the  Tube  of  the  Flower  is  bent,  Jome* 
^what  refembling  an  Hunt/man^ s  Hernz 
they  are  produced  in  Clujlers^  and  are 
Wiry  Jhueet. 

The  Species  are  ; 

1.  Caprifolium  non  perfoUa- 
tum^floribus  alhis.  The  wild  or  Eng" 
glijh  white  Honeyfuckle. 

2.  Caprifolium  non  perfliiatstm^ 
fiore  interius  albo^     rubro  externe. 
Boerh.  Ind,  The  EngUJh  red  Honey- 
fuckle. 

3.  Caprifolium  non  perfoliatum^ 
foliis  finuojis,  Toum,  Oak-leavM  wild 

Honeyfuckle. 

4.  Caprifolium  non  pcrfoliatum, 
foUis  Jsnuojis  &f  njariegatis.  The 
Arip*d  Honeyfuckle^with  cut  Leaves. 

5 .  C AP  R I F o  L I  u  m  m«  perfoUatum, 
foliis  ex  luteo  variegatis.    The  com- 
mon  Honeyfuckle,    with  yellow- 
Urip'd  Leaves.  . 

6.  Caprifolium  Italicum  perfo- 
liatum  precox,  Brcjf.  The  French 
or  early  white  Honeyfuckle. 

7.  Caprifolium  Italieum,  Dod. 
The  Italian  Honeyfuckle. 

8.  Caprifolium  Germanicuntf 
fiore  ruhcllo,  feretinum.  Brojffl  Late 
red  Honeyfuckle. 

9.  Caprifolium  Gcrmanicum, 
fioAbus  fpeciofius.  Dutch  Honey- 
fuckle. 

10.  Caprifolium  perfoUatum 
femper'^irens^fioribus/pecioJiusX^y^* 
green  Honeyfuckle. 


C  A 

The  firft,  fecond,  and  tUrd'Soifi 
of  Honeyfuckles  are  found  growing 
in  the  Hedges,  in  many  Parts  fA 
England:  indeed  the  third  Sort  b  ftl^ 
doai  found,  and,  I  believe,    is  no 
more  than  an  accidental  Variety  of 
the  two  former.    I  have  found  feve- 
ral  times  Plants  of  this  Kind  in  the 
Woods,  which  I  have  planted  in  the 
Phy fie  garden, where  they  now  grow, 
and  lliil  continue  to  produce  indent- 
ed Leaves  :  the  Shoots  of  this  Sort 
are  much  weaker  than  are  thofe  of 
the  common  Sort ;  but,  in  other  re- 
fpedts,  the  Variation  from  the  com- 
mon  Sort  is  but  fmall.     The  two 
ilripM  Sorts  are  alfo  Varieties  of  the 
common  1   one  having  whole,  the 
other  indented  Leaves.    The  early- 
white,  Italian^  late- red,  and  Jhttch 
Sorts,  are  Foreigners ;  but  have  been 
more   cultivated    in  the  Nurferies 
about  London^  than  thofe  which  are 
of  our  own  Growth,  and  are  much 
commoner  in  the  Gardens  than  thofe. 
The  early  White  is  the  firll  Sort 
that  flowers,  commonly  beginning 
\vl  April  \  this  is  fucceeded  oy  the 
Italian :  then  the  Dutch  and  late  red 
Sorts  follow  ;  the  latter  of  which, 
during  the  time  of  flowering,  is  the 
mofb  beautiful  of  all  the  Kinds ;  for 
its  Flowers  are  produced  in  very 
clofe  Clufters,and  every  Shoot  of  the 
Tree  produces  many  Bundles;  which 
flowering  all  together,  renders  it  a 
very  fine  Shrub;    but  this  feldom 
lafls  more  than  a  Fortnieht  in  Beau«> 
ty  I  whereas  the  Dutch  bort,  which 
produces  its  Bunches  but  thinly  (its 
Branches   growing  more  diffufeid), 
continues  flowering  until  prevented 
by  frofly  Weather.   The  ever-green 
Honeyfucklc  begins  to  produce  its 
Flowers  at  the  Beginning  of  June, 
and  often  xontinues  flowering  till 
Michaelmas  i    which,  together  widi 
its  ever-green  Leaves,  renders  it  a 
"^ery  valuable  Shrub, 

Thd 


C  A 

The  early  White  and  Italian  Ho- 
lie7ruckles  are  noc  io  valuable  as  any 
of  the  other  Sorts,  becaufe  they  are 
iboo  pail  flowering ;  and  when  the 
hoc  Weather  comes  on,  they  are  ge- 
aerally  covered  with  black  lice,  and 
their  Leaves  decay,  To  that  they  have 
a  bad  Appearance  mod  Part  of  the 
Suaimer ;  therefore  a  few  Plants  on- 
ly fhould  be  admitted,  on  account 
of  their  coming  early  to  flower. 

The  Englijh  wild  Kinds  are  only 
poper  to  plant  for  ciimbing  againll 
Trees, Walls,  fefr.  for  their  Branches 
tretoo  flendcr  to  fupport  themfelves; 
nor  can  they  be  trained  with  Stems, 
foas  to  form  Heads,  as  raoft  of  the 
other  Kinds  will  do  ;  but  rather  in- 
cline, and  trail  upon  the  Ground ; 
which  has  been  the  principal  Caufe 
of  their  not  being  more  propa- 
gated. 

The  long-blowing  Honeyfuckle, 
as  it  is  generally  called,  is  a  Variety 
of  the  hutch  J  from  which  it  differs 
Bi  the  Colour  of  its  Flowers;  which, 
m  the  DiUcb^  are  of  a  deeper  Red, 
^Tpecially  toward  the  Decay.  This 
long- blowing  Kind  is  more  generally 
propagated  in  the  Nurferies  near 
Undony  than  any  other  Sort,  for  its 
long  Continuance 'in  Flower;  the 
Wants  being  fcldom  deftitute  of 
Hewers  from  the  Middle  of  June  till 
the  End  of  September ;  and  thefe 
Plants  are  feldom  infefted  with  Ver- 
nin:  but,  in  order  to  continue  them 
in  Flower  fo  long,  the  Branches  of 
thefe  Plants  muft  not  be  cut  off,  or 
fiwrtencd,  until  they  arc  paft  flow- 
ering. 

All  thefe  Sorts  of  Honeyfackles 
are  propagated  by  laying  down  their 
Branches  at  Michaelmas^  which  will 
take  Root  by  that  time  Twelvc- 
aonths;  when  they  may  be  taken  . 
off  from  the  old  Plant<  and  planted 
>tt  a  Nurfcry,  at  about  th^ee  Feet ' 
*ow  from  Row^  and  eight«ca  Iiuhea 


c  A. 

afunder  in  the  Rows,  the  better  to 

train  them  up,  either  for  headed 
Plants,  or  for  Creepers  to  plant 
againll  Trees,  Walls,  Pales,  l^c. 
which  in  two  Years  time,  at  mol(» 
will  be  fit  for  any  of  thofe  Purpoiies^ 
or  they  may  be  propagated  by  plant- 
ing Cuttings  of  the  young  Shoots  at 
Michaelmas ,  in  a  (hady  Border  i 
where  they  may  continue  til!  theil//- 
chaelmas  following;  when  they  may 
be  tranfplanted  into  Nurfery-beds  (as 
was  before  direfted) :  but  the  ever- 
green Honeyfuckle  is  diflicult  to  in- 
creafe  this  way  :  therefore  it  would 
be  better  to  propagate  it  by  Layers. 

In  taking  Cuttings  of  any  of  thefe 
Sorts  for  planting,  it  will  be  the  beft 
way  to  cut  one  Joint  of  the  old 
Wood  to  the  Bottom  of  each  Cut- 
ting ;  which  is  a  fure  Method  to  have 
them  fucceed,  for  (carce  one  of  thefe 
will  fail ;  whereas,  thofe  which  are 
taken  from  the  Upper- part  of  the 
Shoots,  will  many  of  them  mif* 
carry. 

Thefe  Shrubs  are  very  great  Or- 
naments to  fmail  Quarters  of  flow- 
ering Shrubs,  when  tr;^in'd  up  to  re- 
gular Heads,  and  the  different  Va- 
rieties being  intermixed  therewith* 
Their  long  Continuance  in  Flower^ 
together  with  the  Beauty  and  Sweet- 
nefs  of  their  Flowers,  renders  them 
as  valuable  Shrubs  for  fuchPurpofca 
as  any  we  have ;  and  they  are  no 
lefs  valuable  for  planting  againfl  the 
Stems  of  old  Trees  in  Groves  or 
Avenues  \  where,  if  they  are  not  too 
much  overfliadowed  by  the  Trees, 
they  will  thrive  and  flower  exceed- 
ingly. 

The  befl  Seafon  for  catting  thefe 
Trees,  to  keep  them  in  a  regular 
Form,  is  about  Michaelmas^  foon  ^ 
after  they  have  done  flowering,  that 
their  Wounds  may  heal  before  Win-  . 
ter :  and  thisWork  is  beil  performed 
with  a  Knife,  obferving  co  cut  be- 
ll z  iuB<r 


C  A  C  A 

Ikind  ft  Leaf-bod ;  for  how  long  fa-  8.  Capsicum  fruSu  ffnumdta^ 
c^er  the  Shoot  is  left  beyond,  it  de-  traffic  fUrtmque  ireBo^  rubr9.  Cap- 
cays  down  to  the  Bud,  and  thereby  ficnm  with  pyramidal  thick  red 
becomes  anfightly.  They  are  ex-  Pods,  for  the  moft  part  gjrowing  up- 
treme  hardy,  except  the  Ever-green,  right. 

which  is  fupposM  to  be  an  American  9.  Capsicum  fruBu  oUmgw  nmae 
Plant ;  and  is  fometimes,  in  very  fe-  ireBo,  mtmc  nutaiUi^  rubra,  Capii- 
▼ere  Winters,  apt  to  fttfFer  by  the  cum  with  obloog  red  Pods,  growing 
Froft,  if  planted  in  a  Sitoation  too  ibmetimesered,aiidibmetiffi€8  hang- 
much  exposed.  ing. 

CAPSICUM,  Guhey  Pepper.  10.  Capsicum/«49«  ratumio  mm* 

TYieCharaBers^ci  j$rip  nunc  ircSo,  nunc  nutanU^  ru" 

fbi  Flowers  cimfift  of  me  Leaf  and  bro,  Capiicum  with  large  round  red 

MTf  expanded Bke  tbofe  ofNigbt/bade :  Pods,  growing  femetimes  tre£t^  and 

tbe  Fruit  is  fift^  ftfjbj^  andmenfbra-  fomerimes  hanging. 

neous^  and  dinnded  into  tnvo  or  more  11.  Capsicum  fruQu  fimmo  fy 

C4IIS  \  in  nvbicb  are  contained  manjf  ramidato  oblongo^  nunc  ere£to^  nsesKuu* 

Jlat  hdney-fiafd  Seeds,  tante,  Capficum  with  oblong  pyra- 

The  ^^rrVj  are ;  midal  yellow  Pods,  growing  fome- 

1.  Cafsicvm  Jf /if uis  tongis  pro*  times  eredi,  and  fometimes  bang- 
fendentibus,  Toum,     Capficum  witb  ing. 

long  hanging  Pods.  iz.  Cavsicvm  fmSu  cordf/orwi^ 

2.  Capsicum  Jtiifnis  recnmns.  nunc  ereSo^  nunc  nutante^Jfa^uo.Cv^ 
Dod,  Capficum  with  long  Pods,which  ficum  with  heart-lhapM  yellow  Fruity 
turn  up  at  the  End.  growing  fometimes  ered,  and  fomc' 

3.  Capsicum  lati/olium,    mab  times  hanging. 

JEtbiofici  fruSu  magno    comfrejfo  13.    Capsicum  fruBu    oli<vario 

firiatOf  Americanum,  Piub.     Broad-  ereBo,     Upright  olive-ihaped  Cap- 

leaved  Capficum,    with  long  com-  ficum. 

prefs*4firiated  Pods,  commonly  call-  14.  Capsicum  fruBu  parvo  fy- 

€d,  Bonnet  Pepper.  ramidali  ereSo  rubro.    Sloan.     Cap- 

4.  Capsicum  Africanum^  fruBu  ficum  withfmall  red  Pods  growing 
fyremddali  peudulo  rugofiffimo,    Afii-  ere£t,  called  by  the  InhabitanU  of 
Am  Capficum,  with  pyramidal  rough  the  Weft 'Indies^  Barbaty  Pepper, 
hanging  Pods.  15.  Capsicum  frvBu  panvo  r9' 

5.  Capsicum  Africanum,  fruBu  tundo  acerrimo,  Sloan,  Capficum  with 
fj^amidali  rugofijjimo^  plerumque  erO'  fmall  round  Pods,  which  are  very 
Bo,    African  Capficum,  with  pyra-  hot,  calPd  by  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
midal  rough  Pods,  for  the  moft  part  Weft-Indies^  Bird- pepper, 
growing  ered.  16.  Capsicum  Americanum^  fm- 

6.  QAftlCVufruBunonacrifrU'  3u  rotundo  ceraforum  forma,  fhA, 
gofo  Ungo  pendente  rubro,  TefocbilU  American  Capficum,  with  round 
Hem,   Capficum  with  long  hanging  cherry-(hap*d  Fruit. 

red  Pods,  which  are  not  hot.  17.  Capsicum  Americanum  lati* 

7.  Capsicum  fruBu  corMformi^  folium^  fruBu  oblongo  ereBo  caudiio* 
plerumque  nutante^  rubro,  Capficum  Broad-leaved  American  Capficum* 
with  heart-fliaped  red  Pods,  for  the  with  oblbng  white  Pods  growing 
moft  part  hangyig  downwaida.  ereft. 

18.  Cap: 


C  A 

l8.  Ch9iiQVufruMumaximo0h' 
hup  rugofi^  pltnunqui  nutoHtt^  ru* 
hv.  Capficum  with  large  oblong 
red  roQgh  Pods,  for  the  moft  part 
hanging  downwards. 

Th^  Sorts    of  Capliciuns  are 
fown  in  many  carious  Gardens  with 
other  annual  Plants,   in  Hot-beds, 
and  require  to  be  treated  after  the 
(ame  manner  as  was  directed  for  the 
Amaranthus ;  and,  in  the  Autumn- 
feafon,  make  a  very  pretty  Diver- 
fit/,   being    intermixed  therewith. 
They  are  all  tolerably  hardy,  and 
may  be  planted  abroad  toward  the 
£nd  of  Mayy  or  the  Beginning  of 
June,  either  in  Pots,  or  open  Bor- 
den, where  they  will  ripen  their 
Fruits  very  well ;    except  the  third, 
thirteenth,  fourteenth,  fifteenth,  fix- 
teenth,  and  feventeenth  Sorts,  which 
are  tenderer,  and  mufl  be  brought 
forward    under  GlaiTes,    otherwife 
thdr  Fruit  will  not  come  to  good. 
The  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and  fif- 
teenth Sorts  will  remain  for  feveral 
Years,  and  form  handfome  Shrubs, 
if  you  take  proper  Care  to  preferve 
them  in  the  Stove  in  the  Winter ; 
daring  which   Seafon  their  Fruits 
will  remain  and  ripen,  and  appear 
very  beautiful.     Indeed,  I  believe, 
all  the  Sorts  may  be  preferved  over 
the  Winter,  were  we  to  take  off  a 
Part  of  their  Fruits,  before  they  are 
grown  fo  big    as  to   exhauil  the 
Strength  of  the  Plant ;  and  obferve 
to  hoafe  them  in  time :  but  as  they 
perfed  their  Fruit  fo  eafily  in  one 
Sommer,  it  is  feldom  pra&isM  but 
with  thofe  Sorts  that  do  not  fo  rea- 
dily ripen  their  Seeds. 

The  Fruit  of  thefe  Plants,  though 
8t  preient  of  no  great  Ufe  in  Eng^ 
l^t  yet  the  eighteenth  Sort  affords 
one  of  the  whofibmefl  Pickles  in  the 
World,  if  they  are  gathered  young, 
before  their  Skins  grow  tough.  The 
Uabitants  of  the  Wift-bdia  eat 


C  A 

great  Qntntities  of  this  Fruit  raw. 
not  only  while  it  is  green,  but  alfo 
when  it  is  fully  ripe ;  at  which  time 
it  is  fo  very  acrid,  as  to  caufe  an 
extraordinary  Pain  in  the  Mouth  and 
Throat  of  fuch  Perfoas  as  axe  not  ac- 
cuftom*d  to  eat  it. 

The  Inhabitants  of  the  Wtfi-lndies 
make  great  Ufe  of  the  Bird-pe^pper  ; 
which  they  dry,  and  beat  to  a  Pow* 
der,  and  mix  with  other  Ingredients, 
which  they  keep  by  them  at  all 
times  for  Sawce,  and  ufe  it  inftead 
of  Pepper ;  of  which  they  fend  fome 
of  thm  Pepper-pots  to  England^  by 
the  Name  of  Qiyan  Butter  or  Pep* 
per-pot ;  and  are  by  fome  of  the  Eng^ 
lijb  reople  mightily  efleem*d. 

CARACALLA.  f7a^  Phafeolus. 

CARDAMINDUM.  Vidi  hxA- 
viola. 

CARDAMINE,  Ladiesimock^ 
The  Cbara3ers  are ; 

ne  Flotvir  amfijlj  9ffour  Leave/ p 
mjhicb  art  fucciededby  itarre*w  P^di^ 
tvhichp  nuhen  nfe,  roll  uf^  and  caft 
firth  their  Seeds :  the  Leaves  are f  fir 
the  meft  part,  ivitig^d* 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Caao AMINE  pratenfisy  magna 
Jiore  pmrpara/citite.  toiarn.  Common 

Ladies-lmock,  with  purpliih  Flow- 
ers. 

2.  Cardamimb  pratenfot  magno 
fore  albe.  7oum,    Common  Ladies- 

fmock,  with  white  Flowers. 

3.  Cardamine  pratenRsy  magwo 
Jlore  fleno.  Taunt.    The  double  La^ 

dies^imock. 

4.  Cardamine  ivtptuietut  vulgo 
Stum  minus.  Ger.  Emac,  Impatient 
Ladies-fmock. 

5.  Cardamine  impatient  altera 
hir/utiar.  RaiJ  Syn,  The  other  rough 
impatient  Ladies  fmock. 

6.  Cardamine  ^re  majare,  ela-- 
tiar,  Teum,  Taller  Ladies-fmock, 
with  a  larger  Flower 


R3 


7.  Car< 


C  A 

7.  Card  A  MINE  Sicula^  foVtis  fu- 
mariseScnm.  Sicilian  Ladies-fmock, 
with  Fumitary-leaves. 

8.  Card  AMINE  wumtana,  afari 
folio /Toum.  Mountain  Ladies-fmocky 

with  an  Afarabacca-leaf. 

9.  Cardamine  Alpina  minor ^  re-- 
Jeda  folio,     Toum.     Small  Ladies - 

fmock  of  the  Jlpi^  with  a  bafe  wild 
Rocket-leaf. 

•10.  Cardamine  hirfuta^  cheliio' 
mil  folio ^  flore  ptrpurafcenie.  Toum, 
Hairy  Ladies-fmock,  with  a  Celan- 
dine leaf,  and  purpliih  Flower. 

II.  Cardamine  glalm,  ebe lido- 
mi  foUo,  Toum.  Smooth  Ladies- 
fmock,  with  a  Celandine-Ieaf. 

I2.Cardamine  Alpina  prima  tri* 
folia,  Cluf.  The  firft  threeleav'd 
Ladies-fmock  of  the  Alps. 

13.  Cardamine  Graca^  chelido- 
jrii  folio  rarius  tsf  profundi's  incifo^ 
flori  alho.  Toum.  Cor.  Greek  Ladies- 
fmock,  with  a  Celandine  leaf,  that 
has  but  few  and  deep  Jags,  and  a 
white  Flower. 

The  two  firft  Sorts  are  common  in 
mod  of  the  moift  Meadows  in  Eng- 
land:  they  flower  the  Beginning  of 
May ;  and  although  there  is  no  great 
Beauty  in  thofe  Flowers,y et  I  thought 
propeF  to  mention  them,  in  order  to 
introduce  the  third  Sort,  which  is  a 
very  beautiful  Plant,  continuing  a 
long  time  in  Flower ;  and  is  a  very 
proper  Plant  for  cold  North  Borders, 
or  a  wet  Soil,  where  few  others  will 
grow ;  and  hereby  we  may  render 
the  pooreft  and  worft  Soil  produ6tive 
of  Beauties,  did  we  but  carefully  at- 
tend to  the  adapting  proper  Plants 
for  it,  and  not  endeavour  to  force 
jt  to  produce  Things  which  require 
a  quite  contrary  Soil.  The  firft  Sort 
is  foroctimes  ufed  in  Medicine. 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  grow 
wild  in  England  i  but  arefometimes 
allowed  a  Place  in  Gardens  for  Va- 
riety-fake»  When  the  Seeds  of  thcfe 


c  A 

Plants  are  ripe,  the  Pods  burft  on  the 
firft  Touch,  and  fcatter  the  Seeds  all 
around.  If  thefe  Plants  are  pat  in  a 
ihady  Border,  and  permitted  to  fhed 
their  Seeds,they  will  maintain  them* 
felves  without  any  Care. 

The  fixth  Sort  grows  in  marfhy 
Places,  and  in  ftanding  Waters : 
therefore  is  rarely  kept  in  Gardens. 

The  feventh  Sort  is  not  a  Native 
oi  England  I  yet  will  endure  the  fc- 
vereft  Cold  of  this  Climate  in  a  warm 
Border ;  where,  if  it  be  permitted 
to  fhed  its  Seeds,  it  will  maintain  its 
Place  without  any  farther  Care. 

The  other  Sorts  are  Natives  of 
the  Alps  and  Pyrencan  Mountains  (ex- 
cept the  laft,  which  was  difcovered 
by  Dr.  Tournefort  in  Greece).  They 
are  all  extremely  hardy  :  their  Seeds 
fhould  be  fown  foon  after  they  are 
ripe,  in  a  moift  fhady  Situation; 
where  the  Plants  will  loon  appear^ 
and  will  require  no  other  Care,  but 
to  clear  them  from  Weeds  ;  and  if 
their  Seeds  are  permitted  to  fcatter, 
the  Plants  will  come  up  better,  than 
if  fown.  Thcfe  Varieties  are  pre- 
fcrved  in  Botanic  Gardens;  and  fome 
of  them  merit  a  Place  in  fome  fhady 
Part  of  tvtry  curious  Garden,  for 
their  odd  manner  of  cafting  forth 
their  Seeds  on  the  flighteft  Touch, 
when  the  Pods  are  ripe ;  which  often 
furprifes  Strangers,  who  attempt  to 
gather  the  Seeds. 

CARDIAC  A,  Motherwort. 
The  CharaSiers  are ; 

//  hath  a  lahiated  Flower  confifi- 
ing  of  one  Leaf  nvhofe  Upper- lip  is 
imbricated  (<with  Pieces  laid  one  over 
another  in  the  manner  of  Tiles)  ;  and 
is  much  longer ^  than  the  Under  lif, 
•which  is  cut  into  three  Parts  :  out  of 
the  Flotvercup  arifes  the  Point  a  I,  at' 
tended  'VL-ithfour  Embryo* s^  ivhicb  af- 
ter^ward  become  fo  many  angular 
Seeds:  to  nvhich  may  be  added^  Tbt 
Fitnvir-cup  is  befet  wtbfmall  Spines, 

The 


C  A 

The  tp§cies  are ; 

1.  C  A  R  D 1  AC  A.  J.  B.  5.  320. 
Common  Motherwort. 

2.  Cardiac  A  fiore  aiio.  T$urm. 
Motherwort  with  a  white  Flower. 

3.  Cardiaca  cri/^.  Rati  Hi  ft. 
Caried  Motherwort. 

4.  Cardiaca  maxima  villofa. 
Jmm.  Grefttdft  hairy  Motherwort. 

Dr.  Lintueui  has  joined  the  com- 
jnOD-Sort  to  his  Genus  of  Leomirmi 
kot  1  think  not  very  properly. 

Thefe  Plants  are  preferred  in  Bo- 
tanic Gardens  for  the  (ahe  of  Va- 
riety. The  firft  is  often  found  wild 
IB  England ;  but  it  is  only  near  Gar* 
4lens  from  whence  it  was  ejedted.The 
lecond  is  a  Variety  of  the  firil.  from 
which  it'  only  differs  in  Colour  of 
the  Flower.  The  third  Sort  differs 
fioDi  the  two  former,  in  having  fine 
carled  Leaves. 

All  thefe  are  very  hardy  Plants, 
which  will  fow  themfelves  where- 
ever  they  are  introduced,  fo  as  to 
become  Weeds  in  the  Place.  The 
Seeds  of  thefe  Plants  may  be  fown 
the  Beginning  *of  Marth^  on  almoft 
any  Soil,  or  in  ai^  Situation  «*  where 
the  Plants  will  come  up  in  Aprils 
and,  if  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  will 
thrive  exceedingly.  When  th^  are 
large  enough  to  tranfplant*  th^ 
ihould  be  removed;  and  planted 
eighteen  Inches  or  two  Feet  afun- 
der;  becaafe  they  will  grow  pretty 
large.  If  the  Weather  .fhould  prove 
dry,  when  <hey  .are  traniplamced,  they 
ihould  be  watered,  until  they  have 
taken'new.Root;  after  which  time 
tbe)r  will  require  no  farther  Care, 
than  to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds  j 
and  the  (econd  Year  they  will  flow- 
er, and  produce  ripe  Seeds.  The 
€rft  .Sort,  being  a  medicinal  Plant,  it 
pretty  mnch  cultivated  in  the  Phyfic- 
glident.  near  L^ndom ;  from  whience 
the  Markets  are  fupplied  with  the 
ilcrb«    The  other  three  Sorts  are 


C  A 

only  preferved  in  Botanic  Gaklena 
for  the  fake  of  Variety. 

CARDINALS  FLOWER.  Vid$ 
Rapuntium. 

CARDUUS,  The  Thiftlc. 
The  CharaQeri  are ; 

^he  Lia^uis  grann  alientatily  onthg 
Branches^  and  an  frickh^:  and  thg 
Hiods  arif  for  the  moft  fart^  Jv^^ 
mo/e  and  prickly. 

The  Species  are  s 

I  Carduvs  alhis  mavdis  nota^ 
/«/,  'vulgaris,  C.  B,  The  milky  or 
holy  Thiftle. 

2.  Carduus  nutans,  J.  B,  T}ie 
muik  or  nodding  Thiflle. 

3.  Carduus  eriocephaios,  Dod. 
The  woolly.headed  ThifUe. 

4.  Carduus  galaQitts.  J.  B,  3. 
54.     The  milky  Thiftle. 

5.  Carduus  bumilis  alatns^  Ji*vi 
carduus  Marue  annuus^  folio  lituris 
ohfcuris  notato.  H.Cath,  Dwarf  an- 
nual Ladies-thiftie,  with  winged 
Stalks,  and  dark-fpotted  Leaves. 

6.  Carduus  tomtntofus^  acanthi 
foliOf  vulgaris.  Tonm.  .  Common 
Cotton-thiftle. 

y.  Cakdvvs  ftellatus^fivi  calcic 
trapa.  J,  B.  Common  Star  -  thi- 
ftle. 

8.  Carduus  ftellatns,  fi*ue  eaUi* 
trapa^  fiore  alho,  H.  R.  Par.  Star- 
thiltle,  with  a  white  Flower. 

9.  CARDUUs,y/«  polyacantba  n)ul^ 
garis.  Toum.  The  luppofed  true 
Fifh-tbiftle. 

10.  Carduus  Crtticus  tomento* 
fuSj  acanthi  folio ^  flon  magna  pur- 
purafcentf.  Toum*  Cor.  Woolly  Thi- 
ftle of  Candy t  with  an  Acanthus>leaf, 
and  a  large  purplifh  Flower. 

The  three  firft  Sorts  of  Thiftltt 
grow  wild  in  many  Parts  of  £«r^- 
Jand}  the  firft  commonly  upon  the 
Sea-coafts,  and  on  the  Side  of  Roads ; 
and  is  fometimes  cultivated  for  the 
Table;  and  when  the  Plants  are  full 
grown,  they  blanch  them  by  tying 
R  4  up 


C  A 

tip  of  their  Leavety  and  earthing 
them :  theie  whitened  Plants  are 
boiled,  and,  i>y  fome  Perfonsy  are 
greatly  efteemed.  The  fecond  is  to 
be  met  with  upon  arable  Land  in 
many  Places ;  and  the  lafl  is  lefs  com- 
non  than  either  of  the  former,  be- 
ing found  but  in  few  Places  in  E^g* 
land.  Thefe,  and  all  the  other  Sorts 
of  Thiftles,  may  be  cultivated  by 
fowing  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring  in 
almoft  any  Soil ;  and  will  flower  and 
ieed  the  fecond  Year,  and  foon  after 
perifh  i  moft  of  them  being  biennial 
I^lants.  The  iirfl  Sort  b  foroetimes 
vfed  in  Medicine,  and  is  called  in  the 
Difpenfatory,  Carduus  Marine, 

The  fourth  Sort  grows  in  Spain ^ 
Itafyy  and  the  South  of  France ;  but 
will  not  endure  the  Cold  of  ourWin- 
ters,  unlefs  in  a  dry  Soil,  and  a  warm 
Situation. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  a  Native  of  5/- 
tiifi  but  if  once  planted  in  a  Gar- 
den, and  fuffered  to  fhed  its  Seed, 
ivill  maintain  its  Place.  * 

The  fixth  Sort  is  vtry  common 
upon  the  Sides  of  dry  Banks,  and 
other  uncultivated  Places,  in  divers 
Parts  of  England,  Of  this  Kind  there 
are  a  great  Variety  in  France^  Spain, 
Jtaly^  and  other  warm  Countries; 
snany  of  which  have  been  introduced 
into  the  Botanic  Gardens  for  the  fake 
of  Variety;  but  are  not  allowed  a 
Place  in  any  other  Gardens. 

The  feventh  Sort  is  found  on 
Dunghils,  and  the  Sides  of  Banks, 
in  feveral  Parts  of  England,  This 
Plant  is  greatly  ufed  in  France^  as  a 
xnedidnalHerb  \  and  is  judged  febri- 
fugous,  vulnerary,  and  aperitive :  of 
late  Years  it  has  been  introduced 
among  the  medicinal  Plants  in  Eng' 
land ;  but  the  Virtues  are  not  fo  ge- 
nerally known,  as  in  France^  where 
it  has  been  long  in  Ufe. 

AU  thefe  Plants  ddiglit  to  grow 


C  A 

on  barren  uncultivated  Places :  ib 
whoever  hath  a  mind  to  coldTate 
any  of  the  Species,  ihoold  ibw  their 
Seeds  on  a  Bed  of  light  undanged 
Earth  in  die  Spring  of  the  Year* 
where  they  are  defigned  to  remain  ; 
for  they  do  not  thrive  fo  weU  when 
they  are  tranfplanted.  When  the 
Plants  are  come  up,  they  fhoold  be 
thinned,  fo  as  to  leave  them  eighteen 
Inches  or  two  Feet  afunder ;  and  if 
they  are  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  it 
is  all  the  Culture  which  they  will  re- 
quire. The  fecond  Year  they  will 
flower  in  June  and  July,  and  in  An,' 
gnft  they  will  perfedi  their  Seeds,  and 
the  Roots  will  foon  after  decay :  {o 
that  to  have  a  Succeflion  of  thefe 
Plants,  their  Seeds  mufl  be  fown 
every  Year. 

The  ninth  Sort  is  fomewhat  ten* 
derer  than  the  others;  fo  (hould  have 
a  warmer  Situation ;  otherwife  it  will 
be  deftroyed,  if  the  Winter  fhould 
prove  fevere.  This  doth  not  fpread 
fo  much  as  the  other  Kinds;  but 
will  grow  upright  to  the  Height  of 
four  or  five  Feet ;  and  having  Leaves 
regularly  placed  on  the  Stalks,  from 
the  Ground  to  their  Heads,  makes 
an  agreeable  Appearance,  and  me* 
rits  a  Place  in  a  Garden  for  the  fake 
of  Variety. 

CARDUUS  BENEPICTUS; 
Vide  Cnicus. 

CARDUUS  FULLONUM. 
Vide  Dipfaciis. 

CARLINA,  The  Carline-thi- 
ftle. 

The  Cbarafiers  are ; 

//  bath  for  the  miffl  part  radiated 
Flinversy  from  nubo/e  Dijk  arife  matr^ 
Florets  y  lubieh  reft  upon  the  Embfy^i  j 
but  tbe  plain  Petals^  'wbicb  arife frem 
tbe  Crovm,  ba<ue  no  Embryo*!  fixtl 
to  tbem  :  tbe  Flo^uer-eup  is  large  and 
prickly y  inclofing  tbe  Embryo'* s  :  tbeft 
Smiryo*s    afterward  become   Steds, 

mekitb 


C  A  C  A 

v>hkh  hne  a  Dtwn  mA$ring  H  All  thefe  Plants  are  pnierfedbf 

them ;  andtach  iiftfartAid  hy  mn  im*  the  Carious  in  BcMany,  for  t]ie  faic* 

hicaiti  Liaf.  of  Variety ;  but  tkey  are  fddom  in- 

The  Spedit  are ;  trodoced  into  other  Gardens,  as  thq^ 

1.  Carlina  aetmlos^  magtm  fiwt  have  no  great  Beauty;  norare  thqr 
«/hi.  C.  B.  Carline-thiftle  without  of  any  Ufe  (except  the  fifth  Sort, 
Stalks,  and  a  kurge  wlute  Flower.  which  is  placed  in  the  Catalogue  dt 

2.  Carlina  aeauUs^  magm  flan  Simples  annexed  to  the  College  I>t£* 
fmrfmno.  C  B,  Ourline-thiftle  with-  penfatory ;  but  is  raieiy  ordered*  ik 
out  Stalks,  and  a  large  purple  Medicine),  fo  ^  as  I  could  ever  diC^ 
Flower.  cover :  yet,  as  they  are  fometiflMi 

3.  Car  LI  MA  jylviftris  vulgaris^  cultivated  by  curious  Perfens,  it  waa 
Cluf.  Common  wild  Carline-tluftle.  thought  proper  to  enumerate  their 

4.  Carliha  acauhsf  flori  magw,  ievenil  Varietia. 

raJicf  peretmi,  Montis  Awei.  JH.  R.  They  may  all  be  propagated  bjr 

Par.  Perennial  Carline-thiftle,  with*  ibwine  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring  on  a 

oot  Stalks,  of  Mnmt  d'Or,  Bed  0?  frefli  nndnngcd  Earth,  where 

5.  Carli VA  aeaulos  gmmmfera,  they  are  defigned  to  remain  ;  for,  a» 
C.  B,  P.  Gum-bearing  Carline-thi-  they  fend  forth  Tap-roots,  they  wilt 
tie  without  Stalks,  commonly  called,  not  bear  tranfplanting  fo  well  as 
The  white  Chameleon.  moft  other  Plants.  When  the  Plants 

6.  Carlina  caviefoens^magnejhrg  appear  above-ground,  they  ihould 
Meanig.  C.  B.  P,  Stalky  Carline-  be  carefully  WMded ;  and,  as  the/ 
thifile,  with  a  large  whitifh  Flower,  grow  in  Size,  they  ihould  be  thin- 

7.  Carlina  cmuUfcens^  magno  ned,  where  they  are  too  clofe,  leav- 
Jhrt  mhenii,  C.  B.  P.  Stalky  Carline^  ing  them  about  ten  Inches  or  a  Foot 
thiftle,  with  a  large  redifh  Flower.  afunder.    The  fecond  Year  moft  of 

8.  Carlina  pofycephalus  aiha,  thefe  Plants  will  flower ;  but,  unlefa 
C.  B.  P.  Many -headed  white  Car-  the  Summer  proves  dry,  they  rarely 
line-thiftle.  produce  good  Seed^  in  England ;  and 

9.  Carlina  fyUoeftris^  fton  au-  moft  of  tbem  decay  foon  after  they 
r/#,  fergmms.  H,  L.  Wild  peren-  have  flowered ;  therefore  it  is  pretty 
nial  Carline-thifUe,  with  a  golden  diflicult  to  maintain  thefe  Plaots  ia 
Flower.  this  Country. 

10.  Carlina  fihotftrU  minor  Hi-  CARNATION.  rfV/#CaryophyU 
J^ca.  On/.  H,     LeGsT  wild  Sfa-  lus. 

ar/  Carline-thiftle.  CARPINUS,  The  Hornbeam  or 

11.  Carlina  patnUt^   atraffyii'  Hardbeam-tree. 
£sfilio^ fncie.^onm,  Lowijpr^-  The  C^r«^i^i  aic; 

mg  Carline-thiftle,  with  a  Leaf,  and  //  bath  Leanjet  lih  the  Elm  or 

the  Face,  of  Diftaff  thiftle.  Beoch-trei :   the  Katkim  (or  MuU 

12.  Carlina  umbdlata  uipuia,  flowers)  are  placed  at  remote  Di^ 
feum.  Umbellated  Cariine-thiftle  fiances  from  the  Fruit  on  the  fame 
f>iApnlia.  I'ree:  and  the  outward  Shell  of  the 

Theie  Plants  grow  in  the  South  of  Frsut  is  winged. 

France f  in  Spain,  and  in  Italy :  the  The  Species  are$ 

third  Sort  grows  wild  in  England,  i.  Carpinos.  Dod,    The  com* 

opon  chalky  Hills,  and  uncultivated  mon  Hornbeam-tree. 
Flaces. 

a.  Car* 


C  A 

Y.  Carpiuvs  fo^i  ex  Imin^m" 
wiigAttM.    The  firip*d  Uorabean. 

3.  Ch^Tinvtfm  ^firya^  ulmofimi- 
irV»  JrwSu  ratmm/b^  Imfulo  Jimzlis. 
C  B.    The  Hop  Hornbeam. 

4.  C  A  R  p  1 N  u  8  Firginiana  florefcMns, 
Huh.  The  FirgvaM  flowering  Hom- 


5.  Carpi HV8  On€uta//jgfi£§  mi' 
fnri^  fruQu  brtnn.  Cor,  Inft.  Eaft- 
cm  Horabeam,  with  a  fmalkr  Leaf, 
and  a  ihort  Fruit. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Trees  hath  been 
often  cultivated  in  the  Norferies,  to 
xnake  Hedges  for  WilderaeiTes  and 
Orangeries ;  but  of  late  it  hath  not 
been  10  much  ufed  for  that  Purpofe, 
the  decayed  Leaves  of  the  Tree  con- 
tinuing on  all  the  Winter,  as  do  thofe 
of  the  Oak,  rendering  them  very  un- 
£gbtly  in  a  Pleafure-garden ;  which, 
together  with  the  perpetual  Litter 
their  Leaves  make,  have  almoft 
brought  them  into  Difufe  for  this 
Woik,  oaleis  in  large  Wilderoefles, 
where  the  Hedges  are  trained  up  to 
a  great  Height ;  for  which  Purpcfe 
there  is  no  Tree  more  ufeful,  ic  be- 
ing a  very' tonfile  Plant,  and  may  be 
kept  thick  from  the  Bottom  to  the 
Height  of  eighteen  or  twenty  Feet ; 
and  will  reftft  the  Violence  of  firong 
Winds  the  beil  of  any  of  the  deci- 
duous Trees,  and  is  of  fpeedy 
Growth.  The  Timber  of  this  Tree 
is  very  tough  and  flexible,  and  is  of 
excellent  Ufe  to  the  Turners;  as 
alfo  for  making  Mill-cogs,  Heads  of 
Beetles,  Cffc*  and  is  yety  good  Fire- 
wood. 

Thefe  Trees  may  be  raisM  from 
the  Seeds,  which  fhould  be  fown 
early  in  the  Autumn  in  a  ihady  Si- 
tuation ;  where  they  will  remain  in 
the  Ground  until  Spring,  and  often 
till  the  fecond  Year,  before  they  ap- 
pear i  for  vvh'ch  Reafon  it  is  gete- 
rally  propagated  by  Layers,  which 
io  Lhe  moil  expeditious  Method  :  the 


C  A 

Layers  ihonld  be  laid  in  Antama, 
and  will  have  ufcen  foffidoit  Root 
to  be  traafplanted  the  Aatnou  fol- 
lowing :  at  which  tine  they  (hoold 
be  tranfplanted  into  a  Nnrfery  for 
two  or  three  Years  i  where^  if  th^ 
are  defign  1  for  Hedges,  their  Un- 
der-branches  fliould  not  be  taken  of, 
but  the  Trees  trainM  flat  for  that 
Purpofe.  Thefe  Trees  are  very  pro- 
per to  make  Hedges  round  the  Quar- 
ters of  £xotic  Trees  and  Slurubi; 
their  Leaves  abiding  till  the  Spring 
before  they  fall  of,  will  gfready 
fence  off  the  cold  Winds  from  the 
Quarters  i  and  what  Leaves  fall  away 
in  Autumn,  (hould  be  fufFer*d  to  re- 
main upon  the  Surface  of  tbeGrooiyl 
until  Spring ;  which  will  keep  the 
Frofl  from  penetrating  fo  deep  imo 
the  Ground,  as  it  would,  were  the 
Ground  intirely  bare. 

This  Tree  will  grow  upon  cold 
barren  exposed  Hills,  and  in  fuch  Si- 
tuations as  few  other  Trees  will ;  fo 
that  it  may  be  cultivated  to  great 
Advantage  in  fuch  Places. 

The  Hop  Hornbeam  Ibcds  its 
Leaves  in  Winter,  with  the  Elm, 
and  other  deciduous  Trees.  This 
Tree,  though  but  lately  much  known 
in  England,  yet  is  very  common  in 
GtrmaTty ,  growing  promifcuouily 
with  the  common  Sort.  This  is 
much  preferable  to  the  common  Sort 
for  Hedges  in  a  Pleafure-garden,  up- 
on the  account  of  its  qnitting  its 
Leaves  with  other  Trees ;  and  there- 
by doth  not  make  fo  much  Litter  ia 
the  Spring  as  the  other,  and  will  cut 
full  as  well. 

The  VirginUn  flowering  Horn- 
beam is  (liU  lefs  common  than  the 
lafl,  and  only  to  be  feen  in  curious 
Gardens  :  it  is  equally  as  hardy  as 
the  other,  and  may  be  increased  by 
Layers. 

This  Sort  will  grow  to  the  Height 
of  thirty  Feet,  or  more;  and  is  of 

qulcka 


C  A 

qukkcr  Growth  dian  ridier  of  Ae 
former  Sorts  :  this  (heds  its  Leaves 
b  Aatamn,  about  the  fame  time 
with  the  Elm  ;  and,  during  the  time 
of  its  Leaves  continuing,  this  Tree 
makes  a  good  Appearance,  being 
wdl  cloathed  with  Leaves;  which 
are  of  a  deep  ftrong  green  Colour, 
refembling  more  the  Elm  than  the 
Hornbeam. 

The  Eaftern  Hornbeam  is  a  Tree 
of  humble  Growth,  rarely  ri£ng 
above  ten  or  twelve  Feet  high  in  this 
Coostry,  ihooting  out  many  hori- 
zontal irregular  Branches  ;  (b  can- 
not eafiJy  be  trained  up  to  a  Stem. 
The  Leaves  of  this  Sort  are  much 
imaller  than  thofe  of  the  common 
Hornbeam,  and  the  Branches  grow 
dofer  together  ;  therefore  may  be 
very  proper  for  low  Hedges,  where 
they  are  wanted  in  Gardens ;  being 
a  \ay  tonfile  Plant,  and  may  be 
kept  in  lefs  Compafs  than  almoit 
any  other  deciduous  Tree.  It  is  as 
hardy  as  any  of  the  Sorts,  and  may 
be  propagated  in  the  fame  manner ; 
bat  at  prefent  it  is  rare  in  the  Eng- 
SJh  Nurfcries. 

CARROTS.    Vide  Daucus. 

CARTH  AM  US,  Baflard  -  faf- 
fron. 

The  CbaraSirs  are ; 

This  Plant  agrees  nuiib  the  Tbijlley 
in  wKffi  of  its  CbaraBers  :    but  tbe 
Seeds  ef  tins  an  airways  defiitutc  of 
Demm. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Carthamus  oficinarum^  fiore 
eneeo.  Toum.  Ballard -faffron,  or 
Saf-fiower. 

2.  Carthamus  Jifricanus  fiute' 
Jeensy  felio  ilicis^  Jfore  dureo.  Boerb, 
ltd.  Jit.  Shrubby  ^r/Vtf;r  Baflard- 
iaffiron,  with  an  ever-green  Oak- 
leaf,  and  a  golden  Flower. 

The  firH  Sort  is  ytry  much  culti- 
vated in  many  Parts  of  Germany  for 
the  Dyers  Uie,  and  is  brought  into 


c  A 

Englandfrom  tfatnoe :  it  is  iibat  tamn 

in  the  open  Fidds  in  the  Spriag  of 
the  Year ;  and  when  come  up,  thejr 
hoe  it  out  thin,  as  we  do  Tumeps, 
leaving  the  Plants  about  eight  or 
ten  Inches  diflant  every  Way :  (hefe 
Plants,  as  they  grow,  divide  into  m 
great  many  Branches,  each  {MdnQ&» 
ing  a  Flower  at  the  Top  of  the 
Shoot,  which,  when  lolly  blown, 
they  cot  or  pull  off,  and  dry  it, 
which  is  the  Part  the  Dyers  make 
ufe  of:  and  this  is  ibm  etimes  mixed 
with  Saffron  s  to  which,  if  it  be 
rightly  dried,  and  artfully  mixed, 
it  is  fo  alike,  as  not  to  be  diftin- 
guiihed  but  by  good  Judges. 

This  Plant  was  formerly  culti-* 
rated  in  England^  particularly  in 
Gloucefterjhire^  where,  they  fay,  it 
did  very  well :  tho',  I  am  fatis£ed, 
it  muft  be  a  very  good  Seafon,  if 
it  ripens  Seeds  well  in  England  i  for 
the  Flower-heads  are  fo  clofe  and 
compad,  that  if,  in  the  Seafon  of 
the  Seeds  Formation,  there  happen 
to  be  wet  Weather,  this  enters  the 
Bloffoms  of  the  Florets,  and  is  {€i» 
dom  dried  away  before  the  tender 
Seeds  are  deAroyed  ;  and  altho*  the 
Seeds  fliall  many  times  feem  very  fair 
and  good  to  outward  Appearance, 
vet,  upon  breaking  them,  they  are 
hollow,  and  defUtute  of  Kernels. 
7^his  Seed  is  fometimes  ufed  in  Me- 
dicine; therefore  fuch  People  as  pur-* 
chafe  it  for  that  Purpofe,  Should  be 
careful  that  they  be  found.  The 
Flowers  of  this  Plant,  which  are  the 
Part  the  Dyers  ufe,  have  been  fome- 
times put  into  Puddens,  to  colour 
them  ;  and  at  the  time  when  it  waa 
cultivated  in  England^  the  poorer 
Sort  of  People  in  the  Country  ufed 
to  gather  it  for  that  Purpofe,  until 
they  put  in  fuch  Quantities  into 
their  Pudden?,  that  it  purged  them; 
which  occaConed  their  leaving  it 
off. 

The 


C  A 

lie  fecoDd  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
Ae  Comoy  about  the  CapewfGmi 
Sffe^  fnm  whence  it  was  broaght 
SDto  the  Gardens  in  Hallaui:  thb 
araft  be  placed  in  a  Green-honfe  in 
Winter,  Deing  too  tender  to  live  in 
d»e  open  Air:  it  may  be  propagated 
\ff  Cuttings  taken  ofF  in  Ji^nfi^ 
when  the  Shoots  are  hardened,  and 
become  woody,  for  thofe  which  ate 
tender  feUom  focceed  well :  thefe 
Cuttings  iboald  be  placed  in  a  fliady 
Border,  and  frequently  refrefhed 
with  Water,  and  in  fix  Weeks  they 
will  have  taken  good  Roots,  when 
they  muft  be  planted  in  Pots  to  be 
iheltered  in  Winter :  it  may  alfo  be 
propagated  by  Seed. 

This  Sort  will  grow  about  four 
Feet  high,  and  have  woody  Stems; 
but  the  Leaves  are  prickly  like 
ThiAles,  and  the  Flowers  are  not 
much  unlike  thofe  of  the  common 
Sort,  but  fmaller. 

CARUI,  Caraway. 
The  CbaraBers  are ; 

h  hatb  ix)inged  Leasts ^  nubicb  are 
tut  into  /mail  Segments^  and  are 
f  laced  opfofite  on  tbe  StalJts^  halving 
•0  Footftalk  :  tbe  Petals  of  tbe  Fionuer 
are  bifida  and  Jhaped  like  an  Heart : 
the  Seeds  are  long^  Jlender^  fmootb, 
mnd  furrowed. 

The  Spedis  are ; 

1.  Carui.  Car/aip.  The  com- 
mon Caraway. 

2.  Carui  femine  majore,  VailL 
The  large-feeded  Caraway. 

3.  Carui  foliis  tenuijffimis^  a/- 
pbodeli  radiee.  Toum,  •  The  nar- 
roweft-leav*d  Caraway,  with  Afpho- 
del-roots. 

4.  Carui  Alpinum,  C.  B.  AU 
pine  Caraway. 

The  firfl  of  thefe  Sorts  is  fome- 

times  found  wild  in  England^    in 

rich   moift  Failures,    efpecially  in 

Holland  in  Lincoln/hire >     The  other 

£oits  have  been  fent  from  Abroad, 


c  A 

and  are  only  cidiivated  in  cniioQi 
Gardens  of  Plants. 

Tbefe  Sorts  may  be  all  cnltivatel 
by  fowing  thdr  Seeds  in  the  Spriif 
of  the  Year  in  a  mmft  rich  Soil ; 
and  when  the  Plants  ate  oome  npt 
^ey  Ihooid  be  hoed  oat  to  about  fix 
Indies  ^naic,  which  will  gready 
ftiengthen  them,  and  promote  thdr 
Seeding  plentifully :  in  Autumn  dieir 
Seeds  will  ripen,  at  which  time  die 
Plant  (honld  be  cut,  and  laid  upon 
Mats  to  dry «  and  dien  it  may  be 
beaten  out,  and  dried,  when  it  may 
be  put  up  for  Ufe.  Thefe  Seeds 
are  ufed  in  Medicine,  as  alfo  in  the 
Confedionary,  for  making  Seed* 
cakes,  &r.  The  firft  Sort  onlyii 
what  is  ufed ;  tho*  the  Seeds  of  the 
fecond  feem  to  be  full  as  good,  and 
are  much  larger  and  fairer  than  the 
firft.  The  other  Sorts  are  only 
kept  in  Colledions  of  Plants,  to  m- 
creafe  their  Numbers. 

CARYOPHYLLATA,  Avcrn, 
or  Herb-bennet. 

The  CbaraBers  are; 

It  batb  pensiatedor  'winged  Leaves^ 
fometjobat  like  tbofe  of  JgrimoKf: 
tbe  Cup  of  tbe  Floiver  coufifis  of  au 
Leaf  wbicb  is  cut  into  /rueral  Seg- 
ments: tbe  Flower  confifts  of  fin 
Leaves^  nvbicb  fpreadopem  inform  if 
of  a  Ro/e:  tbe  Seeds  are  formed  intt 
a  globular  Figure^  eacb  of  <wbick 
batb  a  Tail  to  it :  tbe  Roots  are  per- 
eunial^  and  fmell  fweet. 
The  Species  arc  5 

1.  Caryophyllata  vulgar^, 
C.  B.     Common  Avens. 

2.  Caryophyllata  montauM, 
/lore  luteo  magno.  J.  B,  Mountain 
Avens,  with  large  yellow  Flowers. 

3.  Caryophyllata  mentona 
purpurea,  Ger.  Ernac,  Moantsin 
Avens,  with  purple  Flowers. 

4.  Caryophyllata  montanOf 
fore  luteo  nutante.  C.B.     MouBtaia 

AveDS»  with  yellow  nodding  Flowers. 

5,  Caryo- 


C  A 

5.CARTOVBYLLATA  J^hta^cha" 
mt^irjn  filU.  Hift.  Ojtm.  Moaa- 
tain  Avensy  withGemumder-leaves. 

6.  Cartophyllata  nmlgaris^ 
wuij9nfl9re,  C.  B.  Avens  with  large 
Flowers. 

7.  CaRYOPHTLLAta  piniaphyl'' 
Lcs.  J.  B.    Cinqoefoil  Avens. 

8.  Caryophyllata  Virgimanm^ 
mlhoJUrg  mwre,  rmMa  imdfra.  H.  L, 
Virgmam  Areas,  with  fmall  white 
Flowcn,    whofe   Roou   hare   no 


C  A 


•        f 


The  firft,  third,  foarth,  iixth»  and 
fiercBth  S<Mts  are  found  growing 
wild  in  England^  Scotland^  and  Irt" 
hmdi  bat  the  feoond^rt  was  brought 
from  the  Jl^9  and  the  eighth  from 
Firjima:  the  fifth  Sort  hai  been 
foond  in  Sctland ;  bat  is  very  rare : 
thefe  Sorts  nay  be  all  cultivated  in 
a  Garden,  by  tranfplanting  their 
Roots  from  the  Places  of  their 
Growth,  into  a  moift  (hady  Part  of 
the  Garden,  where  they  will  thrive 
exceedingly  9  which  is  the  bed  Me- 
thod to  procure  them;  for  their  Seeds 
commonly  remain  one  Year  in  the 
Ground  before  they  appear.  The 
irftSort,  which  is  generally  ufed 
in  Medicine,  is  fo  common  in  Eng- 
laud^  that  it  hardly  deferves  a  PJace 
in  a  Garden,  becaufe,  if  the  Seeds 
are  permitted  to  fcatter,  it  will  be- 
come a  troublefome  Weed ;  but  the 
fecond,  third,  fourth,  and  fixth  Sorts 
are  worthy  a  Place  in  fome  moift 
ihady  Border,  where  few  other  things 
will  grow ;  and  fervjs  to  add  to  the 
Variety,  efpeciaiiy  fince  they  re- 
quire no  Care  or  Trouble  in  their 
Culture,  but  only  every  Michaelmas 
to  divide  and  tranfplant  their  Roots. 

CARYOPHYLLUS,  Clove-gU- 
Mowers  or  Carnations. 
The  CbaraSirs  are; 

//  bath  an.intin  Mong  cylindrical 
Jmooih  Ctf,  Hvbicb  is  indtniid  at 
tbe  fsf:   ib$  tads  of  ibt  Fl0mr 


arenarrcw  at  Bottom,  and  broad  sif 
the  Tof^  and  an^  far  the  inofi  part^ 
laciniatidf  wr  cut^  abomt  tbe  Edges : 
the  Seid-'ueffel  is  of  a  cylindrical 
Fignre,  containing  many  flat  rough 
Bteds. 

This  Genus  may  be  divided  into 
three  Clafles,  for  the  better  explain- 
ing them  to  Perfons  unacquainted 
with  Botany ;  which  alfo  will  be  as 
neceflary  for  the  right  underltanding 
their  Culture. 

_  « 

i.Caryophyllvs  bortenjis.  The 
Clove-gilliflower,  or  Cahiation. 

2.  Caryophyllus  tenidfoUus 
flumarms^  or  Pinks. 

3.  Caryophyllvs  barbatns,  at 
Sweet-Williams. 

I  (hall  treat  of  thefe  three  Qafiea 
fingly,  that  I  may  the  better  explain 
their  feveral  Methods  of  Culture: 
and  firft,  I  ihail  begin  with  the  Car- 
nation or  Clove-gilliflower ;  thefe 
the  Florifts  diftinguifli  again  into 
four  Clafles. 

The  firft  they  call  Flakes ;  thefe 
are  of  two  Colours  only,  and  their 
Stripes  are  large,  going  quite  thro* 
the  Leaves. 

The  fecond  are  called  Bizarrs; 
thefe  have  Flowers  ftriped  or  va- 
riegated with  three  or  four  different 
Colours,  in  irregular  Spots  and 
Stripes. 

The  third  are  called  Piqaettes; 
thefe  Flowers  have  always  a  white 
Ground,  and  are  fpotted,  or  pounced, 
as  they  call  it,  with  fcarlet,  red, 
purple,  or  other  Colours. 

The  fourth  are  called  Painted- 
Ladies;  thefe  have  their  Petals  of 
a  red  or  purple  Colour  on  the  Up- 
per-fide, and  are  white  underneath. 

Of  each  of  thefe  Clafles  there  are 
numer6us  Varieties ;  but  chiefly  of 
the  Piquetts,  which  fome  Years  agq 
were  chiefly  in  Blleem  with  the 
Florifts;  but  of  late  Years  the  Flakes 
have  been  in  greater  Efteem  thaip 

anj^ 


C  A 

maj  of  die  other  Rinds.  To  ena- 
aierace  the  Varieties  of  the  chief 
Flowers  in  aoy  one  of  thefe  ClafieSy 
would  be  needlefsy  fince  every  County 
produces  new  Flowers  almoll  every 
Year ;  ib  that  thofe  Flowers  which 
It  their  firft  raifing  were  greatly 
valued,  are  in  two  or  three  Years 
become  fo  common,  as  to  be  of  little 
Worth,  efpecially  if  they  are  de* 
ledive  in  any  one  Property  :  there- 
fore, where  Flowers  are  fo  liable  to 
Mutability,  either  from  the  Fancy 
of  the  Owner,  or  that  better  Kinds 
are  yearly  produced  from  Seeds, 
which,  with  good  Flonfts,  always 
take  place  of  older  or  worfe  Flowers, 
which  are  turned  out  of  the  Gar- 
den to  make  room  for  them,  it 
would  be  but  fuperfiuous  in  this 
Place  to  give  a  Lift  of  their  Name?, 
which  are  generally  borrowed  either 
firom  the  Names  and  Titles  of  No- 
blemen, or  from  the  Perfon*s  Name, 
or  Place  of  Abode,  who  raised  it : 
I  (hall  only  beg  Leave  to  mention 
two  or  three  old-defcribed  Sorts,  by 
way  of  Introdudion,  and  Ihall  then 
proceed. 

1.  Carophyllus  aitilis  major. 
C.  B.    The  Clove-gilliflower. 

2.  Caryophtllus  maximus  ru- 
her.  C.  B.  The  large  baftard  Clove- 
gilliilower. 

3.  Ca  R  YOP H T LLU s  maximus  alter ^ 
lato  porri  folio.  H.  R.  Par.  The 
broad -leav'd  Carnation,  or  Gilli- 
flower. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Sorts  is  the  true 
Clove-gilliflower,  which  hath  been 
for  a  long  time  fo  much  in  Ufe  for 
making  a  cordial  Syrup,  i^c  of. 
which  there  are  two  or  three  Va- 
rieties commonly  brought  to  the 
Market^  which  differ  greatly  in 
their  Goodnefs;  Tome  of  them 
having  very  little  Scent,  when  com- 
pared with  the  true  Sort :  the  large 
Kind  hath  been  much  plentier  fome 


C  A 

Year^  fince  than  at  prefent:     this 
nfed  to  burft  the  Pods,  and  their 
Petals  hang  loping  about  in  fuch  a 
manner,   that  the  People  did  not 
care  to  buy  them  in  the  Market ; 
which  was  the  Reafon  it  hath  not 
been   cultivated   fo  much  of  late. 
The  third  Sort  is  only  to  be  found 
in  fuch  iinall  Gardens  as  raife  great 
Quantities  of  thefe  Flowers  from 
Seed,  to  fupply  the  Markets  in  tfae 
S{»ing  of  the  Year:   this  being  a 
very  hardy  Kind,  and  their  Leav» 
being  fo  broad,  and  the  Plants  fo  vi- 
gorous,  that  the   People  who  are 
wholly    unacquainted     with    thefe 
Flowers,  make  choice  of  thefe  as  the 
mod  promifing  Plants ;  whereas  tbey 
feldom  have  more  than  four  or  five 
Leaves  in  a  Flower,  and  thofe  are 
very  fmall,  and  ill  coloured:  the  firft 
of  thefe,  WK.  the  Clove-gilliflower, 
is  worthy  of  a  Place  in  every  good 
Garden ;  but  of  late  there  have  bcca 
fo  many  new  Kinds  produced  from 
Seeds  which  are  very  line  and  large, 
that  moft  of  the  oid  Sorts  have  been 
excluded  the  Gardens  of  the  Flo- 
rifts. 

Thefe  Flowers  are  propagated 
either  from  Seeds,  by  which  new 
Flowers  are  obtained,  or  from  Layers, 
for  the  Increafe  of  thofe  Sorts  which 
are  worthy  maintaining  :  but  I  (hall 
firft  lay  down  the  Method  of  pro-  . 
pagating  them  from  Seed ;  which  is 
thus: 

Having  obtained  fome  good  Seeds, 
either  of  your  own  faving,  or  from 
a  Friend  that  you  can  confide  in; 
in  the  Beginning  of  Aprily  prepare 
fome  Pots  or  Boxes,  according  to 
the  Quantity  of  Seed  you  have  to 
fow:  thefe  fhould  be  filled  widi 
frefli  light  Earth  mixed  with  rottea 
NeatS'dung,  which  fhould  be  well 
incorporated  together  {  then  fow 
your  Seeds  thereon,  but  not  too 
thick,  covering  it  about  a  Quarter  of 

as 


C  A 

aa  Iflch  with  the  (amc  light  Earth, 
placing  the  Pots  or  Cafes  fo  as  to 
Tccdre  the  morning  Sun  only,  till 
£leren  o'Clock,  obferving  alfo  to 
jefrefh  the  Earth  with  Water  as  often 
as  it  may  need   it :    in  about  a 
lifonch*s  time  yoar  Plants  will  come 
np,  and  if  kept  clear  from  Weeds, 
and  duly  watered,   will  be  fit  to 
tranfplant  in  the  Beginning  of  June^ 
at  which  time  you  ihould  prepre 
ibme  Beds,  of  the  fame  Sort  oF  Earth 
as  was  directed  to  fow  them  in,  in 
an  open  airy  Situation,  in  which  you 
ihould  plant  them  at  about  three 
Inches  fquare,  obferving  to  water 
and  Ihade  them,  as  the  Seafon  may 
veqaire,  being  careful  alfo  to  keep 
than  clear  from  Weeds :  in  thefe 
Beds  they  may  remain  vntil  the  Be- 
ginning of  Augufty  by  which  time 
they  will  have  grown  fo  large  as 
alffloft  to  meet  each  other ;  then  pre- 
pare fome  more  Beds  of  the  like 
good  Earth,  in  Quantity  propor- 
tionabie  to  the  Flowers  you  have 
raifed,  in  which  you  (hould  plant 
them  at  fix   Inches  Diilance  each 
Way,  and  not  above  four  Rows  in 
each  Bed,  for  the  more  conveniently 
laying  fuch  of  them  as  may  prove 
worthy  prefervingf  for  in  thefe  Beds 
they  ihould  remain  to  flower. 

The  Alleys  between  thefe  Beds 
fiioald  be  two  Feet  wide,  that  you 
may  pafs  between  the  Beds  to  weed 
and  clean  them.  When  your  Flowers 
begin  to  blow,  yon  muft  look  over 
them  to  fee  if  any  of  them  profier 
to  make  good  Flowers;  which  as 
foon  as  you  difcover,  you  (hould 
hy  down  all  the  Layers  upon  them : 
thofe  which  are  well  marked,  and 
blow  whole  without  breaking  their 
Pods,  ihould  be  referved  to  plant 
in  Borders  to  fumifii  you  with  Seed ; 
and  thofe  which  burft  their  Buds, 
sad  feem  to  have  good  Properties, 
Ihoold  be  planted  in  Pot»,  to  try 


C  A 

what  their  Flowers  will  be,  whes 
managed  according  to  Art :  and  \% 
is  not  till  the  fecond  Year  that  yos 
can  pronounce  what  the  Value  i^  a 
Flower  will  be,  which  is  in  propor- 
tion to  the  Goodnefs  of  its  Proper- 
ties :  but,  that  yon  may  be  well 
acquainted  with  what  the  Floriib 
call  good  Properties,  I  (hall  here  fet 
them  down. 

1 .  The  Stem  of  the  Flower  (hould 
be  ftrong,  and  able  to  fupport  the 
Weight  of  the  Flower  without  lope- 
iog  down. 

2.  The  Petals,  or  Leaves  of  the 
Flower,  (hould  be  long,  broad,  and 
ftiff,  and  pretty  eafy  to  expand  i  or, 
as  the  Florifts  term  them,  (hould  be 
free  Flowers. 

3 .  The  middle  Pod  of  the  Flower 
(hould  not  advance  too  high  abovo 
the  other  Part  of  the  Flower. 

4.  The  Colours  (hould  be  bright; 
and  equally  marked  all  over  the 
Flower. 

5.  The  Flower  (hould  be  very  full 
of  Leaves,  fo  as  to  render  it,  when 
blown,  very  thick  and  high  in  the 
Middle,  and  the  Outfide  perfedly 
round. 

Having  made  choice  of  fuch  of 
your  Flowers  as  promife  well  for  the 
large  Sort,  thefe  you  (hould  mark 
feparately  for  Pots,  and  the  round 
whole-blowing  Flowers  for  Borders : 
then  pull  up  all  fmgle  Flowers, 
or  fuch  as  are  ill -coloured,  and  not 
worth  preferving,  that  your  good 
Flowers  may  have  the  more  Air  and 
Room  to  grow  ifa-ong  :  thefe  having 
been  laid,  as  foon  as  they  have  taken 
Root,  which  will  be  fome  time  in 
Jiugvft^  they  (hould  be  taken  off, 
and  planted  out,  thofe  that  blow 
large,  in  Pots,  and  the  other  in  Bor- 
ders', as  hath  been  already  direfled. 

Of  late  Years  the  whole- blowing 
Flowers  have  been  much  more 
efteemed  than  thofe  large  Flowers 

which 


C  A  C  A 

nydi  bnrfl  their  Pods ;   bat  eSpe-  the  Leaves,   and  aUb  cot  off  the 

dally  thofe  round  Flowers  which  fwelling  Part  of  the  Joint  where  the 

kiTe  broad  Stripes  of  beautiful  Co-  Slit  is  made,  {o  that  the  Part  flit 

lours,  add  round  Rofe- leaves,  of  may  be  flxaped  like  a  Tongue:  that 

which  Kinds  diere  have  been  a  great  outward  Skin  being  pared  off,  whidi. 

Variety    introduced    fix>m    France,  if  left  on,    would    prevent  their 

within  thefe  fevt^  Years;  but  as  thefe  puihing  out  of  Roots ^  then,  having 

French  Flowers  are  extremely  apt  to  loofen«i  the  Earth  round  the  Plant, 

degenerate  to  plain  Colours,  and  be-  and,  if  need  be,  raifed  it  with  frdh 

ing  much  tenderer  than  thofe  which  Mould,  that  it  may  be  level  with 

are  brought  up  in  England,  there  are  the  Shoot  intended  to  be  laid,  left 

aoc  fttch  great  Prices  given  for  the  by  forcing  down  the  Shoot  you  ^c 

Plants  now,-  as  have  been  a  few  it  off  ;     with  your  Finger  make 

Years  pad :  from  the  prefent  Tafte  an  hollow  Place  in  the  Earth,  jaft 

Jbr  thefe  whole  -  blowing  Flake-  where  the  Shoot  is  to  come,  and  with 

flowers,  many  of  the  old  Varieties,  your  Thumb  and  Finger  bend  the 

which  had  been  turned  out  of  the  Shoot  gently  into  the  Earth,  obferv- 

Gardens  of  the  FloriUs,  many  Years  ing  to  keep  the  Top  as  upright  as 

ago,  to  make  room  for  the  large  poflible,  that  the  Slic  may  be  opes ; 

Flowers,  which  were  then  in  Fafhion,  and  being    provided  with    forked 

have  been  received  again ;  and  large  Sticks  for  that  Purpofe,   thruft  it 

Prices  have  been  paid  of  late  for  into  the  Ground,  fo  that  the  forked 

fach  Flowers  as  fomeYears  ago  were  Part  may  take  hold  of  the  Layer, 

fold  for  one  Shilling  a  Dozen,  or  in  order  tc  keep  it  down  in  its  pro- 

lefs ;  which  is  a  ilrpng  Proof  of  the  per  Place ;   then  gently  cover  the 

Yariablenefft  of  the  Fancies  Qi  the  Shank  of  the  Layer  with  the  (ame 

Plorifts.  Sort  of  Earth,   giving  it  a  gentle 

But  I  ihall  now  proceed  to  give  Watering,  to  fettle  the  Earth  about 

IbmeDiredions  for  propagating  thefe  it,  obferving  to  repeat  the  fame  as 

Flowers  by  Layers,  and  the  necef-  often  as  is  uecefiary,   in  order  to 

iary  Care  to  be  taken,  in  order  to  promote  their  rooting.     In  aboot 

Uow  them  fair  and  large.  five  or  fix  Weeks  after  this,  the  Layers 

The  beft  Seafon  for  laying  thefe  will  have  taken  Root  fufficient  to 

Flowers  is  in  June,  as  foon  as  the  be  tranfplanted ;  againft  which  time 

Shoots  are  flrong  enough  for  that  you  fhould  be  provided  with  proper 

Purpofe,  which  is  performed  in  the  Earth  for  them,  which  may  be  com- 

following    manner  :     after   having  pofed  after  the  following  manner : 

fiript  off  the  Leaves  from  the  lower  Make  choice  of  fome  good  up- 

Part  of  the  Shoot  intended  to  be  land  Failure,  or  a  Common  that  is 

laid,  make  choice  of  a  llrong  Joint  of  an  hazel  Earth,  or  light  (andy 

about  the  middle  Part  of  the  Shoot,  Loam  i    dig  from  the  Surface  of 

not  too  near  the  Heart  of  Che  Shoot,  this  your  Earth  about  eight  Inches 

nor  in  the  hard  Part  next  the  old  deep,  taking  all  the  Turf  with  it; 

Plant ;    then   with   your  Penknife  let  this  be  laid  in  an  Heap  to  rot  and 

make  a  Slit  in  the  Middle  of  the  mdlow,  turning  it  once  a  Month, 

Shoot  from  the  Joint  upward  half-  that  itmayfweeten;  then  mix  about 

way  to  the  other  Joint,  or  more,  a  Third-part  of  rotten  Neats-dung, 

according  to  their  Dillance ;   then  or,  for  want  of  that,  fome  rotten 

with  your  Knife  cut  the  Tops  of  Dung  from  a  Cucumber  or  Melon- 
bed} 


C  A 

bed :  let  this  be  well  mixed  toge- 
ther; and  if  you  can  get  it  time 
eooagh  before-handy  let  them  lie 
mixed  fix  or  eight  Months  befol'e 
It  is  uledy  taming  it  feveral  times, 
tbe  better  to  incorporate  their  Parts. 
Obferve,  That  altho*  I  have  men- 
doned  this  Mixture  as  the  beft  for 
thefe  FlowerSy  yet  yon  mufl  not 
exped  to  blow  your  FloWers  every 
Year  eaually  large,  in  the  fame 
Compoution :  therefore  fome  People, 
who  are  extremely  fond  of  having 
their  Flowers  fucceed  well,  alter  their 
Compofitions  every  Yjear,  in  this 
xnanner;  wsc.  one  Year  they  mix 
the  frefli  Earth  with  Neats-dung, 
which  is  cold ;  the  next  Year  with 
lonen  Horfe  -  dung,  which  is  of  a 
warmer  Nature,  adding  thereto  fome 
white  Sea-fand,  to  make  the  Earth 
lighter. 

Bot,  for  my  part,  T  (hould  rather 

tdvife  the  planting    two  or  three 

layers  of  each  of  your  beft  Kinds 

in  i  Bed  of  fre(h  Earth  not  over- 

daogfd;  which  Plants  (hould  only 

be  faffered  to  (hew  their  Flowers,  to 

prove  them  right  in  their  Kind  ; 

and  when  you  are  (atisfied  in  that 

Particular,  cut  oflT  the  Flower- ftems, 

<Qd  don*t  fuffer  them  to  fpend  the 

Roots  in  blowing ;  by  which  means 

yoa  will   greatly  ftrengthen  your 

layers.    And  it  is  from  thefe  Beds 

I  would  make  choice  of  fome  of 

the  beft  Plants  for  the  next  Year's 

blowing,  always  obferving  to  have 

»  Succcffion  of  them  yearly;    by 

which  means  you  may  blow  every 

Year  Ene,  fuppofing  the  Seafon  fa- 

voorable:   for  it  is  not  reafonable 

to  fnppofe,  that  the  Layers  taken 

^m  foch  Roots  as  have  been  ex- 

iaafted  in  producing  large  Flowers, 

«nd  have  been  forc'd  by  Art  beyond 

their  natural  Strength,    (hould  be 

^le  to  produce  Flowers  equally  as 

b^e  as  their  Mother  root  did  the 

Vol.  I. 


C  A 

Year  before,  or  as  fuch  Lasers  aa 
are  frefh  from  a  poorer  Soil,  and 
in  greater  Health,  can  do.  But  this 
being  premifed,  let  us  proceed  to 
the  Potting  of  thefe  Layers,  which, 
as  I  {aid  before,  (hould  be  done  in 
•^HHfi*  or  the  Beginning  of  Sep* 
temhtr. 

The  common  Method  ufed  b|t 
moft  Florifts  ii,  to  plant  their  Layers, 
at  this  Seafon,  two  in  each  Pot,  the 
Size  of  which  Pots  are  about  nine 
Inches  over  in  the  Clear  at  the  Top ; 
in  thefe  Pots  they  are  to  remain  for 
Bloom ;  and  therefore,  in  the  Spring 
of  the  Year,  they  take  off  as  much 
of  the  Earth  from  the  Surface  of  the 
Pots  as  they  Can,  without  difturbing 
their  Roots,  filling  the  Pots  up  again 
with  the  fame  good  frefh  Earth  as 
the  Pots  were  before  filled  with. 
But  .there  is  fome  Difficulty  in  fhel* 
tering  a  great  Quantity  of  thefe 
Flowers  in  Winter,  when  they  are 
planted  in  fuch  large  Pots,  which 
in  moft  Winters  they  will  require, 
more  or  lefs :  my  Method  therefore 
is,  to  put  them  fiogly  into  Halfpeny 
Pots  in  Autumn,  and  in  the  Middle 
of  OSoter  to  fet  thefe  Pots  into  a 
Bed  of  old  Tanners  Bark,  which  has 
loft  its  Heat,  and  cover  them  with  a 
common  Frame,  fuch  as  is  ufed  for 
raifing  Cucumbers  and  Melons  s  and 
in  one  of  thefe  Frames*  which  con- 
tains fix  Lights,  may  be  fet  an  hun- 
dred and  fifty  of  thefe  Pots :  in  thefe 
Frames  you  may  give  them  as  raudi 
free  Air  as  you  pleafe,  by  taking  off 
the  Lights  every  Day  when  thpWea» 
ther  is  mild,  and  putting  them  on 
only  in  bad  Weather,  and  great 
Rains :  and  if  the  Winter  (hould 
prove  fevere,  it  is  only  the  covering 
the  GlafTes  with  Mats,  Straw,  or 
Pcas'haulm,  fo  as  to  keep  out  the 
Froft,  which  will  efiedually  pre* 
ferve  your  Plants  in  the  utipoft  Vi« 
gour. 

S  III 


C  A 

In  the  Middle  of  february,  if  the 
Seafon  is  good,  you  tnuft  tranfplant 
thefe  Layers    into   Pots  for    their 
Bloom,  which  (hould  be  about  feven 
or  eight  Inches  over  at  the  Top  in 
the  Clear ;  in  the  doing  of  which, 
obfer?e  to  put  fome  Pot  fherd«>,  or 
Offter-fhells,  over  the  Holes  in  the 
Bottoms  of  the  Pots,  to  keep  the 
Earth  from  flopping  them,  which 
would  det£un  the  Water  in  the  Pots, 
to  the^reat  Prejudice  of  the  Flowers :' 
then  nil  thefe  Pots  about  halfway 
with  the  fame  good  Compoll  as  was 
before  dire&ed,  and  (hake  the  Plant 
out  of  the  fmall  Pots  with  all  the 
Earth  about  the  Roots ;  then,  with 
your  Hands,  take  off  fome  of  the 
Earth  round  the  Outfide  of  the  Ball, 
ind  from  the  Surface,  placing  one 
good  Plant  exactly  in  the  Middle  of 
fcach  Pot,  fo  that  it  may  (land  well 
as  to  the  Height,  /.  e,  not  fo  low 
as  to  bury  the  Leaves  of  the  Plant 
with  Earth;    nor  fo  high,  that  the 
Shank  may  be  above  the  Rim  of  the 
Pot;    then  fill  the  Pot  up  with  the 
Earth  before-mentioned,  clofnig   it 
gently  to  the  Plant  with  your  Hands, 
giving  it  a  little  Water,  if  the  Wea- 
ther is  dry,  to  fettle  the  Earth  about 
ft ;  then  place  thefe  Pots  in  a  Situa- 
tion where  they  may  be  defended 
from  the  North  Wind  ;    obierving 
to  give  them  gentle  Waterings,  as 
the  Seafon  may  require. 

In  this  Place  they  may  remain  till 
flie  Middle  or  Latter-end  of  Jpril, 
when  you  fhould  prepare  a  Stage 
6f  Boards  to  fet  the  Pots  upon, 
"fcrhich  (hould  be  fo  ordered,  as  to 
have  little  Cifterns  of  Water  round 
each  Port,  to  prevent  the  Infefts 
from  getting  to  your  Flowers  in 
their  Bloom  ;  which  if  they  are  fuf- 
fei^d  to  do,  will  mar  all  your  La- 
bour, by  dcftroying  all  your  Flowers 
in  a  ihort  time  :  the  chic/  and  mofl 
jnifchievous  Infedl  in  this  Caf*  is, 

7 


C  A 

the  Earwig,  which  will  gnaw  off  all 
the  lower  Parts  of  the  Petals  of  the 
Flowers,  which  are  very  fweet,  and 
thereby  caufe  the  whole  Flower  to 
fall  to  Pieces  :  but  fince  the  making 
one  of  thefe  Stages  is  fomewhat  ex- 
penfive,  and  not  very  eafy  lo  be 
undcrftood  by  fuch  as  have  never 
feen  them,  1  ftiall  defcribc  a  very 
Ample  one,  which  I  have  nfed  for 
feveral  Year%   which  anfwen  the 
Purpofe  full  as  well  as  the  beft  and 
moft  expenfive  one  can  do :    Firft^ 
prepare  fome    common   fiat  Pars, 
about  a   Foot  or  fourteen  Inches 
over,  and  three  Inches  deep ;  place 
thefe  two  and  two  oppofite  to  each 
other,  at  about  twOvFeet  Diftancc; 
and  at  every  eight  Feet  in  length- 
ways, two  of  thefe  Pans  :    in  eacli 
of  thefe  whelm  a  FloWer-pot,  whica 
fhould  be  about  fix  Inches  over  at 
the  Top,  upfide  down,   and  lay  a 
.  flat   Piece  of  Timber,    about  two 
Feet  and  an  half  long,  and  three 
Inches  thick,  crofs  from  Pot  to  Pot, 
till    you  have    finifhed  the  whole 
Length  of  your  Stage ;   then  lay 
your  Planks  length-ways  upon  thefe 
Timbers,  which  will  hold  two  Rows 
of  Planks  for  the  Size-pots  which 
were  ordered  for  the  Carnations; 
and  when   you  have  fet  your  Pots 
upon  the  Stage,  fill  the  flat  Pans 
with  Water,   always  obferving,  as 
it  decreafes  in  the  Pans,  to  replenifh 
it,  which  will  efFeftually  guard  your 
Flowers  again il  Infedls ;  for  they  do 
not  care  to  fwim  over  Water ;  (o 
that  if  by  this,  or  any  other  Con* 
trivance,  the  Paflfage  from  the  Ground 
to  the  Stage,  on  which  the  Pots  arc 
placed,  is  defended  by  a  Surface  of 
Water  three  or  four  Inches  broad, 
and  as  much  in  Depth',  it  will  ef- 
fe6lually  prevent  thefe  Vermin  from 
getting  to  the  Flowers. 

The  Stage  fhould '^be  placed  in  a 
Situation  open  to  the  South-eall,  but 

defeoiied 


C  A 

(leF«oded  from  the  Weft  Winds)  to 
which  thefe  Stages  mvA  not  be  ex- 
pofed,  left  the  Pots  fliouM  be  blown 
down  by  tke  Violence  of  that  Wind, 
Which  is  often  very  troublefome,  at 
theSeaibn  when  thefe  Flowers  blow: 
indeed  they  fhoald  be  defended  by 
Trees'  at  ibme  Diftance,  from  the 
Winds  of  every  Point ;    but  ihefe 
Trees  ftioald  not  be  too  near  the 
Stage,   nor    by   any    means    place 
them  Dear  Walls,  or  tall  Buildings ; 
for  in  fuch  Situations  the  Seems  of 
Ac  Flowers  will  draw  up, too  weak. 
Aboat  this  time,  nnz.  the  Middle  of 
Jffrii^  your  Layers  will    begin  to 
Ihoot  up  for  Flower  5  you  muft  there- 
fore be  provided  with  fome  fquarc 
Deal  fticks,  about  four*  Feet  and  an 
lulf  long,  which  fhould  be  thicker 
toward  the  Bottom,  and  planed  off 
taper  at  the  Top:  thefe  Sticks  ihould 
be  carefuily  ftuck  into  the  Pots  as  near 
p  poiEble  to  tixe  Plant  without  in- 
juring It ;  then  with  a  (lender  Piece 
of  Bafs-mat  faften  the  Spindle  co  the 
Stick,  to  prevent  its  being  broken : 
this  you  muft  often  repeat,  as  the 
Spindle  advances  in  Height,-    and 
a'fo  obferve  to  pull  oiF  all  Side- 
fpi&dles  as  they  are  produced,  and 
never  let  more  than  two  Spindles 
remain  upon  one  Root,  nor  above 
pne,  if  you  intend  to  blow  exceed - 
»g  large.    Toward  the  Beginning 
ofjiate  your  Flowers  will  have  at- 
tained their  ereateft  Height,    and 
Acir  Pods  will  begin  to  Iwell,  and 
fomc  of  the  carlieft  begin  to  open  on 
one  Side ;  you  muft  therefore  ob- 
fenre  to  let  it  open  in  two  other 
Places  at  equal  Angles  :    this  muft 
we  done  fo  toon  as  you  perceive  the 
Pod  breik,  otherwife  your  Flower 
Will  ran  out  on  one  Side,  and  be  in 
*  fliort  time  paft  recovering,  Co  as 
^0  make  a  complete  Flower  ;  and  in 
» few D.ys  after  the  Flowers  begin  * 
'    ^0  open,  you  muft  cover  them  with 


C  A 

Glafies  which  are   made  for  that 
Purpofc,  in  the  following  manner : 

Upon  the  Top  oftheGlafs,  ex- 
actly in  the  Centre,  is  a  Tin  Collar, 
'or  Socket,  about  Three- four tlis  of 
an  Inch   fquare,   for'  the  Flower- 
ftick  to  come  thro' ;  to  this  Socket 
are  ibldered  eight  Slips  of  Lead  at 
equal  Diftances,  which  are  about  fix 
Inches  and  an  half  long,  and  fpread 
open  at  the  Bottom  about  four  Inches 
afunder;    into  thefe  Slips  of  Lead, 
are  fattened  Slips  of  Glafs,  cut  ac- 
cording   to   the  Diftances  of   the 
Lead,  which,  when  they  are  fixed 
in,  are  bordered  at  the  Bottom  with' 
another  Slip  of  Lead  quite  round  ; 
fo  that  the  Glafs  hath  eight  Angles, 
with. the  Socket  in  the  Middle,  and 
fpread  open  at  the  Bottom  about 
eleven  Inches  wide. 

When    your  Flowers   are   open 
enough  to  cover  with  thefe  Giailes, 
you  muft  make  an  Hole  thro*  your 
Flowcr-ftick,  exaftly  to  the  Height 
of  the  under  Part  of  the  Pod,  thro* 
which  you  ftiould  put  a  Piece  of 
fmall  Wire  about  fix  Inches  long, 
making  a  Ring  at  one  End  of  the 
Wire  to  contain  the  Pod,  into  which 
Ring  you  fhould   iix  the  Stem  of 
the  Flower ;    then  cut  off  all  the 
Tyings  of  Bafs,  and  ihruft  the  Stem 
of  the  Flower  fo  far  from  the  Stick, 
as  may  give  convenient  room  for 
the  Flower  to  expand  without  preff- 
ing  again  ft  the   Stick  ;     to  which 
Dillance  you  may  fix  it,  by  taming 
your  Wire  fo  as  not  to  draw  back 
thro'  the  Hole ;   then  make  another 
Hole  thro*  the  Stick,    at  a  conve- 
nient Diftance    above  the  Flower, 
thro'  which  you  (hould  put  a  Piece 
of  Wire,  an  Inch  and  an  half  long, 
which  is  to  fupport  the  Glaffes  from 
Aiding  down  upon  the  Flowers;  and 
be  furc  to  obferve,  that  the  GlaJTeg 
are  not  placed  fo  high  as  to  admit 
the  Sun  and  Rain  under  then)  to  the 
$  z  Flowers, 


C  A 

Flowers,  nor  fe  low  as  ta  fcorch 
their  Leaves  with  the  Heat.  At 
this  time  alfo,  or  a  few  Days  after, 
as  you  (hall  judge  neceiTary,  you 
fliould  cot  fome  ftifF  Paper,  Cards, 
'or  fome  fuch  thing,  into  Collars 
about  four  Inches  over,  and  exadtly 
roand,  cutting  an  Hole  in  the  Mid- 
dle of  it  about  three-fourths  of  an 
Inch  Diameter,  for  the  Bottom  of 
the  Flower  to  be  let  thro*;  then 
place  thefe  Collars  about  them  to 
fupport  the  Petalsof  the  Flower  from 
hanging  down :  this  Collar  (hould 
be  placed  withinfide  the  Calyx  of 
the  Flower,  and  (hould  be  fupporced 
thereby  :  then  obierve  from  Day  to 
Dkf  what  Progrefs  your  Flowers 
make ;  and  if  one  Side  comes  out 
ikfter  than  the  other,  you  (hould 
turn  the  Pot  aboirt»  and  (hi ft  the 
other  Side  towards  the  Sun;  and 
alfo,  if  the  Weather  proves  very  hot, 
you  (hould  (hade  the  Glafles  in  the 
Heat  of  the  Day  with  Cabbage- 
leaves,  (*^c.  to  prevent  their  be- 
ing icorched,  or  forced  out  too 
foon ;  and,  when  the  middle  Pod 
begins  to  rife,  you  (hould  take  out 
the  Calyx  thereof  wich  a  Pair  of 
Nippers  made  for  that  Purpofe ;  but 
thb  (hould  not  be  done  too  foon, 
left  the  middle  Part  of  the  Flower 
£bould  advance  too  high  above  the 
Sides,  which  will  greatly  dimini(h 
the  fieauty  of  it:  and  you  (hould 
alfo  obferve  whether  there  are  more 
Leaves  in  the  Flower  than  can  pro- 
perly be  expanded  for  waht  of  room; 
in  which  Cafe  you  (hould  pull  out 
(bme  of  the  lowermoft  or  rooft  un- 
likely Leaves  to  fpread,  drawing 
out  and  expanding  the  others  at  the 
fame  time :  and  when  your  Flowers 
are  fnUy  blown,  if  you  cut  thrm 
off,  yoa  (hould  put  on  a  fre(h  Collar 
of  (iiff  Paper,  which  (hould  be  cut 
exadly  to  the  Size  of  the  Flower, 
fo  that  it  tnay  fupport  the  Petals  to 
iiei>  f  J  1  Widch,  but  not  to  be  feen 


c  A 

wider  than  the  Flower  in  any  Pkrt: 
when  ^his  is  put  on,  you  muft  draw 
out  the  wideft  Leaves  to  form  the 
Outfide  of  the  Flower,  which  altho~ 
they  (hould  be  in  the  Middle,  as 
it  often  happens,  yet  by  removing 
the  other  Leaves  they  may  be  drawn 
down,  and  fo  the  next  longed  Leaves 
upon  them  again,  that  the  whole 
Flower  may  appear  equally  globular 
without  any  hollow  Parts.  In  the 
doing  of  this,  fome  Florifts  are  fo 
curious,  as  to  render  an  indiffereat 
Flower  very  handfome;  and  on  this 
depends,  in  a  great  meafure,  the 
Skill  of  the  Artilt  to  produce  Uxge 
fine  Flowers. 

During  the  Flowering  •  feafon, 
particular  Care  (hould  be  taken  not 
to  let  them  fu(Fer  for  want  of  Water, 
which  (hould  by  no  means  be  raw 
Spring- watei' ;  nor  do  I  approve  of 
Compound -waters,  fuch  as  are  en- 
riched with  various  Sorts  of  Dung; 
but  the  beft  and  moft  natural  Water 
is  that  of  a  fine  fo(t  River ;  next  to 
that  is  Pond-water  or  Standing  water} 
but  if  you  have  no  other  but  Spring- 
water,  it  (hould  be  expofed  to  the 
Sun  or  Air  two  Days  before  it  is 
ufed,  otherwife  it  will  give  the 
Flowers  the  Canker,  and  fpoil  them. 
Thus  having  been  full  in  the  Culture 
of  this  noble  Flower,  I  (hall  jut 
mention  that  of  the  Pink,  which 
differs  not  in  the  leaft  from  that  of 
.  the  Carnation  in  its  manner  of  pro- 
pagating, but  only  requires  much 
lefs  Care,  and  need  not  be  potted, 
growing  full  as  well  in  good  Borders, 
where  they  make  as  elegant  a  Shew, 
during  their  Seafon  of  Floweringi 
as  any  Plant  whatever,  and  afford  as 
agreeable  a  Scent.  The  Varieties 
of  thefe  are. 

The  Damaik  Pink,  White  Shock, 
Scarlet,  Pheafanc's  -  ey'd  Pink,  of 
which  there  are  great  Varieties,  both 
with  (ingle  and  double  Flowers,  ihe 
Old  Man*s  Head,  and  the  Painted- 

Lidy 


C  A 

hif  Pinks,  with  fcrtral  others. 
IVfe  may  be  propagated  by  Layers, 
as  the  Camatioiis,  and  many  of  them 
by  Cuttings  planted  in  y^fy,  or  from 
Seeds,  by  which  Method  ne^  Va- 
lieties  may  be  obtained.  The  man- 
ner of  fowing  thefe  Seeds  being  the 
fame  with  the  Carnation,  I  (hall  refi^ 
huk  to  that,  to  avoid  R^ petiti<m  ; 
and  (hall  proceed  to  the  ChtMa  Pink, 
which  is  a  Flower  of  later  Date 
amoDgft  as  than  any  of  the  former ; 
which,  altho*  it  hath  no  Scent,  yet 
for  the  great  Diverfity  of  beautiful 
Colours  which  are  in  thefe  Flowers, 
with  their  long  Continuance  in 
Flower,  merits  a  Place  in  every  good 
Gaiden. 

1.  CAaYOPHYLLVS   Sininfij  fn- 

The  variable  China  or  Imlian  Pink.  ' 

2.  CAaroPHYtLUS  Sinenfis  fu" 
fhasj  itucMi  /oliOf  fi^e  fkno.  Boerb, 
hJ.    The  double  a/>4  Piiik. 

There  is  a  great  Variety  of  dif- 
ferent Colours  in  thefe  Flowers, 
which  vary  annually  as  they  are 
prodaced  from  Seeds ;  fo  that  in  a 
urge  Bed  of  thefe  Flowers,  fcarcely 
two  of  them  are  exafUy  alike,  and 
their  Colours  in  fome  are  exceeding 
tidi  and  beautiful :  we  fhould  there- 
fore be  careful  to  fave  the  Seeds 
from  foch  Flowers  only  as  are  beau- 
tifiil ;  for  they  arc  very  fubjed  to 
degenerate  from  Seeds. 

And  the  Seeds  of  the  double  Sort 
will  produce  many  double  Flowers 
again ;  but  the  Seeds  of  the  fmgle 
Will  fcarcely  ever  produce  a  double 
Rower. 

Thefe  Flowers  are  only  propa- 
gated by  Seeds,  which  fhould  be 
fown  toward  the  End  of  March^  in 
a  Pot  or  Box  of  good  light  Earth, 
snd  fet  under  a  Glafs  to  forward  its 
Vegetating ;  giving  it  Water  as 
often  as  you  {hill  fee  necefiary,  and 
in  about  a  Month^s  time  the  Plants 


\ 


C  A 

will  come  np,  and  be  of  fome  Big* 
nefs;  you  muft  therefore  expoie 
them  to  the  open  Air,  and  in  a  (hort 
time  after  prepare  fome  Beds  of 
good  frefh  Earth,  not  too  ftifF,  ia 
which  you  may  prick  oat  thefe 
Plants,  about  three  Inches  fquare, 
obferving  to  water  and  (hade  them, 
as  the  Seafon  may  require. 

In  thofe  Beds  they  may  remain 
nntil  the  Middle  of  June,  at  which 
time  you  may  remove  and  plant 
them  in  the  Borders  of  the  Pleafure- 
garden,  being  careful  to  preferve 
as  much  Earth  to  their  Roots  as  pof- 
fible ;  and  in  a  Month's  time  after 
they  will  begin  to  flower,  and  con« 
tinue  until  the  Froft  prevent  them. 
About  the  Middle  or  Latter-end  of 
Augwfi  their  Seeds  will  begin  to 
ripen,  at  which  time  you  (hould  look 
over  them  once  a  Week,  gathering 
off  the  Pods  that  are  changed  brown, 
and  fpread  them  on  Papers  to  dry, 
when  you  may  rob  out  the  Seed, 
and  put  it  up  for  Ufe.  Tho^  thefe 
Plants  are  ufually  termM  Annuah, 
and  fown  every  Year,  yet  their 
Roots  will  abide  two  Years,  if  fuf- 
fered  to  remain,  and  will  endure  the 
greateil  Cold  of  our  Winters,  if 
planted  in  a  dry  Soil,  and  without 
any  Shelter,  as  I  experienced,  Anm 
1728.  at  which  titne  I  had  a  large 
Bed  of  thefe  Flowers,  which  was 
raifed  a  Foot  above  the  Level 
of  the  Ground;  and  although  its 
Situation  was  fuch,  that  the  Sun 
never  fhone  upon  it  from  OSloher  to 
March,  yet  I  had  not  one  Root  de- 
ftroyed  in  the  whole  Bed,  altho*  it 
flood  open,  and  without  any  Care 
taken  of  it. 

I  (hall  now  come  to  the  Sweet- 
Williams,  where  I  (hall  6rll  give 
the  Namcis  of  a  few  of  them,  and 
proceed  to  th^ir  Culture. 

I.  Caiyophyllus  harlatws  bor* 

Uvfii  latifytiui.  C.  B,     The  broad- 

b  j^  leavM 


C  A 

IcavM  Sweet  -  William,  with  red 
Flowers. 

Z.  Cartophylltts  harbatut  hor^ 
ienfis  lutifolivs,flore  'variegato.  Boerk. 
Ind.  1  he  broad  IcavM  Sweet- Wil- 
liam, with  variegated  Flowers. 

jXahyophyllus  harhatui^flvrt 
multiflku  C.B,  The  doable  Swect- 
William,  with  red  Flowers,  whick 
burft  their  Fods. 

4.CARY0PHYLLTJS  barhatusfjlore 
muUiplici  rofeo,  C.  B.  The  rofe- 
colour'd  double  Sweet- William. 

5.  Caryophyli^us  harbatys  hor- 
tin/is  anguftifoUus.  C.  B,  The  nar- 
row-leav'd  Garden  Swect-William, 
formerly  called  Sweet- Johns. 

6.  C^.KYOfHYLLV$  barbatus  boT' 
tenfis  angujiifoliusy  fiore  vtrficolore 
in  todem  ramulo.  C.  B,  The  Sweet- 
John,  with  various-colour'd  Flowers 
on  the  fame  Branch. 

7.  CaRyophyllus  barbatuB  Hw*" 
tenfis  anguftijoliusy  floro  pinto  ffio. 
The  double  rofe  -  coloured  Sweet- 
John,  or  Fairchild*^  Mule. 

The  fingle  Kinds  of  thefe  Flowers 
are  generally  propagated  by  Seedf, 
which  mud  be  fown  the  Latter- end 
of  March,  or  the  Beginning  of  Jpril, 
in  a  Bed  of  light  Earth,  and  in  Jum 
they  will  be  fit  to  tranfplant  out; 
at  which  time  you  muft  prepare  fome 
Beds  ready  for  them,  and  fet  them 
at  fix  Inches  Didance  every  Way  : 
in  thefe  Beds  they  may  remain  till 
Michaelmas^  at  which  time  they  may 
be  tranfplanted  into  the  Borders  of 
the  Pleafurc- garden  or  Wildemefs : 
thefe  will  flower  the  next  Year  in 
yune^  and  will  perfedl  their  Seeds 
in  Auguftj  which  you  fhould  fave 
from  the  beft-colour'd  Flowers  for 
a  Supply. 

They  may  be  alfo  propagated  by 
flipping  their  Roots  at  Michaelmas : 
but  this  is  feldom  pradlifed;  fince 
their  Seedling  Roots    will  always 


c  A 

blow  die  finmgeft,  «nd  ikv  Varie- 
ties are  obtained  yearly. 

There  is  a  Variety  of  this  Flower^ 
which  is  commonly  known  among 
the  Gardeners,  by  the  Name  of 
Painted- Lady  Sweet-William :  thu 
Sore  feldom  rifes  fo  high  in  their 
Stems  as  the  common  Sort ;  hot  the 
Flowers  have  a  great  Variety  of 
bright  Colours  in  them  :  and  altho* 
they  have  no  Scent,  yet  their  Beauty 
renders  them  worthy  of  a  Place  in 
every  good  Garden  :  bat,  in  order 
to  prelerve  the  fioe  Variety  of  Qo* 
lours,  the  Seeds  ihoald  be  only 
faved  from  fuch  Flowers  as  are  the 
mo9i  beautiful;  and,  if  the  S/fX^ 
are  frequently  exchanged  from  one 
Place  to  the  other,  at  a  confiderable 
Diftance,  and  from  Soils  very  dif- 
ferent  in  their  Nature,  the  Flowers 
will  not  fo  frequently  degenerate 
as  when  the  Seeds  are  faved  io  the 
fame  Garden  feveral  Years. 

There  are  fome  of  the  common 
Sorts,  with  very  deep-red  and  por- 
pIe-co!our^d  Flowers,  which  deferve 
Admitunce  into  the  moft  curious 
Gardens,  efpecially  to  plant  in  ia/gr 
rural  Borders,  or  in  Clumps  of 
Shrubs  fcattered  with  other  hardy 
Flowers,  where  they  make  a  fine 
Appearance  for  a  Month,  or  longer, 
if  the  Seafon  proves  moderately 
cool. 

.   The  double  Kinds  are  propagated 
by  Layers,  as  the  Carnations  ;  they 
love  a  middling  Soil,  not  too  light, 
nor  too  heavy  or  HifF,  nor  too  oiucji 
dungM,  which  very  often  occafioos 
their  rotting :  thefe  continue  flower- 
ing for  a  lohg  time,  and  are  ex- 
tremely   beautiful,    efpecially  the 
Mule,    which    produces    two  full 
Blooms  of  Flowers,  one  in  J»f\ 
and  the  other  in  July  :  this  is  verf 
fubjcft   to  canker,  and  rot  away, 
efpecially  if  planted  in  a  Soil  ovcr- 


C  A  C  A 

wet,  or  too  dry,  or  if  watered  with  C.  B.    The  purging  CaflU,  orPud- 

(harp  Spring- water  :  thefig  Flowers,  den- pipe  tree, 
being  planted  in  Pots,  are  very  pro-         9.  QhSiXh  florihji spent andris^  ca- 

per  to  adorn   Court-yards,    at  the  iycibus  acutis,  Lin.  Hart.  Cliff.  Caf- 

time  they  are  in  Flower.  Aa  with  a  Leaf  like  the  fenfitivf 

CASIA.     ndeOiym.  Plant. 

CASSIA.  lo.  Cassia  foliclis  fix  parium 

The  Charailen  2St ;  o*vatis  acttminatis  ianigiri/.  Lin,  Caf- 

D  hath  a  cylindrical  long  taper  or  fia   with  fix  Pair  of  oval  pointed 

J!at  Potly  'which  is  di<uided  into  many  woolly  Leaves. 

Cells  by  tranfverfi  Diaphragms ^   in  11.  Cassia  minor  /riftico/a  hexa' 

iacb  of  ivhich  is  contained  one  hard  fhj/ia,    finn^r  foliis,      Sloan,  Hifi* 

Seed,  ivhich  is^   for  the  mofl  fart^  Shrubby  fix -leav'd  Cafiia, with Leavet 

lodged  in  a  clammy  black  Suhftance,  lilae  Seona. 

*wbich  is  purgati*ve  :  the  Flowers  con-  1 2.  Ca ss  I  Afoliolis  trium  quatuort 

fiP  oj fi*ve  Leaves^  'which  are  difpofed  *ve  parium  fuboivat is,  Lin.  Hort,  Clif„ 

in  an  orbicular  Order.  CaiTia  with  three  or  four  Pair  of  oval 

The  Species  are  ;  Leaves. 
I.  Cassia  Americana y  foliis  fub-         13.  Cassia  btxaphyllay  filiqua  hi* 

rotundis  acuminatis.  Toum.  The  Ame-  capfulari.   Plum.     Six-leav'd  CaiTiai 

rican  Caflia,  with  roundiih  •  pointed  wich  a  Pod  having  two  Cells. 
Leaves.  14.  Cassia  hunuliSf  Jiliquis  fee* 

i.CvLSSi A  Americana  fcetida^  fo'  nugr^ci.  Flum.     Dwarf  Caflia,  with 

Uii  oblongis  glahris-  Tourn.  The  ftink-  Pods  like  Fenugreek. 
m%  American  Caflia,    with  oblong         i^.  Cassia  foliolis  novem  parium 

finooth  Leaves.  -  oblongis,  glandula  fubulata  inter  in* 

%.  Cassia  Jylvejlris  faetida,  fill'  fma.    Flor,  Leyd,     Shrubby  Caffia, 

quit  alatis.    Plum,  No*v,  Gen,     The  with  nine  Pair  of  oval  Leaves. 
wild  (linking   Caffia,   with  winged         x6.  Cassia  arbor ea  'uillojajfoliit 

Pods, called  in  the  IFeftlndies French  latis  mucronatis^  fiiiquis  articulatis, 

Guava.  .  Hoary  Tree  CafTia, with  broad-point- 

4*  Cassia  Marylandica^  pinnis  ed  Leaves,  and  jointed  Pods: 

filiorum  obtujisf  radice  repent e.    Caf-         17.  Cassia  foliolis  fiptem  parium 

fia  from  M^ry/aW,  with  blunt  Leaves,  lanceolatis    extimis    fere    minoribus^ 

s^nd  a  creirping  Root.  glandula  fupra  bafin  petiolorum.  Lin^ 

S'  Cassia  Babamenjis^  pirnis  fo-  Hart.  Cliff,   Wild  Senna,  with  feven 

borum  mucronatis  angu/lisy  calyce  fio-  Pair  of  Lobes  to  each  Leaf. 

rii  non  refexo.  Mart.  Hift.  PI.  Dec.  2 .         18   Cassia  plerumqi^e  hexapbylla^ 

Karrow-leav'd  CafHa  of  the  Bahama  f'Jfe  magno,  fiUqua  pentagona  alata. 

Jjlundsy  with  a  reflex'd  Cup  to  the  Six-leav'd  CalTia,  with  a  large  Flow^ 

Flower.  er,  and  a  five-corner'd  winged  Pod. " 

6.  Cassia  Amerieana  faetida,  fo-  Thefc  Plants  are  moil  of  them  Na* 
Ins  obtups,  Toum.  Stinking  Ameri-  tives  of  the  waimeft  Parts  of  Aene^ 
CM  Cafiia,  with  blunt  Leaves.  rica  ;  fo  cannot  be  pi-eferved  in  thii 

7.  Cassia  Americana, Jiliquis pla-  Country,  unlcfs  they  are  placed  io 
«'.  Plum.  Nov.  G.n,  Anurican  Caf-  a  warm  Stove  in  Winter :  the  eighth 
fi^  with  froooth  Pods.  Sort,   which  produces  the  purging 

9.  Cassia  fijiula  Akxemdiina.  Cafiia  of  the  Shops^  grows  in  AUx^ 

84  .  ^- 


C  A 

emiia^  tnd  in  (everal  other  warm 
Countri€i^,  where  it  becomes  a  very 
Urge  Tree.    The  Pods  of  this  are 
annually  brought  into  England^  for 
the  Ufe  of  the  Pulp  which  is  lodged 
round  the  Seeds ;  fo  that  whoever 
hath  an  Inclination  to  raife  the  Plants, 
may   be  eafily    fopplied  with  the 
Seeds  from  the  Druggifls,  who  im- 
port the  Pods,  or  the  Apothecu-ies, 
when  they  take  out  the  Pulp :  thefe 
Seeds  mud  be  fown  upon  an  Hot- 
bed  in  the  Spring ;  and  if,  when  the 
Plants  are  fit  to  remove,  they  are 
each  planted  into  a  fmall  Pot,  and 
plunged  fnto  an  Hot-bed  of  Tan, 
the  Plants  may  be  raifed  two  Feet 
high  the  firft  Summer :  thefe  Plants, 
as  they  get  Strength,  will  become 
more  hardy ;  fo  may  be  expofed  in 
the  open  Air  in  a  warm-fheltered  Si- 
tuation, for  near  three  Months  in 
the  warmeft  Part  of  the  Year ;  and 
the  Plants  fo  managed  will  be  more 
healthy  (though  they  do  not  make 
fo  great  Progrefs)  than  thofe  which 
are  conftantly  kept  in  the  StQve :  but 
they  muft  be  removed  into  the  Stove 
upon  the  firft  Approach  of  cold 
Weather  in  Autumn }  and,  if  the 
Stove  is  kept  to  a  moderate  Tempe- 
rature of  Warmth,  the  Plants  will 
do  better  tba  -.  in  a  greater  Heat. 

The  third  Sort  is  much  tenderer 
than  this,  and  will  not  bear  tlie  open 
Air  of  tUs  Country  in  Summer :  the 
Seeds  of  this  Sort  are  frequently 
brought  from  the  W$fi'lndi$s ;  and, 
when  the  Planti  are  raifed  upon  an 
Hot-bedy  and  brought  forward,  they 
will  mtke  very  great  Progrefs  the 
firft  Summer;  but  it  is  with  great 
DiiBculty  the  Plants  are  preferved 
through  the  Winter;  their  Stems, 
being  foft  and  fpongy,  are  very  apt 
to  grow  mouldy,ana  then  the  whole 
Plant  will  rot  away ;  fo  that  they 
fiiould  be  placed  in  the  Tan-bed  in 
fhe  wnrmeft  Stove^  otherwifiT  they 


c  A 

cannot  be  preferved  in  this  Coan* 

try. 

The  fourth,  ninth,  tenth,  and  fe- 
venteenth  Sorts  are  Natives  of  f^ir- 
gtnia  and  Carolina ;  £o  are  hardy 
enough  to  live  in  the  open  Air  in 
England:  thefe  Sorts  have  annual 
Stalks,  and  perennial  Roots :  if  thefe 
are  planted  in  a  warm  Situation, 
their  Roots  will  abide  feveral  Yeari, 
and  produce  their  Flowers  in  Au- 
tumn ;  but  they  never  produce  Seeds 
here,  unlefs  they  are  placed  in  a 
Stove  to  forward  their  Flowering. 

The  eleventh,  fifteenth,  fixteench, 
and  eighteenth  Sorts  are  (hrnbby 
Plants,  which  grow  to  the  Height 
of  eight  or  ten  Feet :  thefe  will  not 
live  through  the  Winter  in  this 
Country,  unlefs  they  are  placed  in 
a  moderate  Stove  in  Winter ;  fo  they 
ihould  be  treated  in  the  fame  man* 
ner  as  hath  been  direded  for  the 
Cajpa  Ftftula,  Thefe  generally  flow- 
er, but  never  produce  Seeds  in  Eng* 
land. 

The  other  Sorts  are  of  humbler 
Growth,  feldom  rifing  above  fi^or 
or  ^\t  Feet  high,  and  have  herba- 
ceous Stalks :  thefe  muft  be  raifed 
upon  an  Hot  bed,  and  brought  for* 
ward  early  in  the  Spring,  otherwife 
they  wii]  not  produce  Flowers  or 
Seeds :  they  may  be  kept  through 
the  Winter  in  a  good  Stove ;  but  as 
they  will  perfeA  Seeds  the  firft  Year, 
when  they  are  well  managed,it  is  not 
worth  while  to  continue  the  PUuits 
longer. 

CASSIDA,  or  SKULL-CAP. 
Vidi  Scutellaria. 

C  ASSINE,  The  Caffioberry-bufb, 
and  Seuth'Sia  Thea. 

The  Chara^ers  are ; 

The  Etfifahnunt  of  tht  Tlowir  u 
pfone  Lei[f,  dMdtdiMioJi*oe€9ncan)i 
Segments :  the  Fh^wtrs  confifi  rf fivt 
Petrts\  in  lit  Centre  of  *which  afijn 
thi  Pointal,  attended  by  fri'e  Stami-. 

na; 


C  A  C  A 

na :  ihi  Pointal  aftemuari  Aangit  Shnibs  which  produce  FloMrers  ift 

Urn  Btrry,  ha*vrng  three  Cells,  in  each  England  t^vtry  Year  ;  hot  none  of 

•f^ujbkh  is  lodged  a  Jingle  Seed.  them  ripen  their^eeds.    This  Plant 

The  Species  are ;  is  by  fome  late  Authors  fuppofed  to 

I .  Cassinb  'vene  perfuam  fimilh  be  the  fame  with  the  Cafe  FbylUnm^ 

arhufeulay  Pbiilyre/e  foliis  aniagoni*  mentioned  in  the  E  It  bam  Garden  ; 

/f/y  exprenfincia  CarolinienJS.    Pink,  but  it  is  very  different,  that 


iiLau,    The  Caffioberry-bulh.  ever-green,  and  this  (beds  its  Leaves. 

2.  Ca  ss I N  B  nfera  Fkridanornm  ar*  The  fecond  Sort  is  fomewhat  ten* 

hmfeuiuy  bacci/eri  alatemi  ferme  fa*  derer  than  the  former,  and  fhould 

rf/y  /eliis  altematim  fitis^   tetrafy-  not  be  planted  in  the  full  Ground, 

rrne,     Plmk.  Mant,    The  Soutb'Sea  until  the  Plants  have  acquired  a  con- 

Thea-tree,  or  Yapon,  *vMigo. .  ^derable  Strength  ;  nor  fhould  thef 

The  iirft  of  thefe  Trees  is  hardy,  be  planted  in  a  Situation  too  muck 

and  will  endure  our  fevereft  Win-  exposM  to  the  cold  Winds,  and  muft 

ters  in  the  open  Ground,  after  they  have  a  Tandy  Soil.    This  Sort  differs 

are  become  woody;  therefore  it  will  from  the  former,  in  the  manner  of 

be  poper  to  (hcltcr  the  young  Plants  produdns  its  Leaves,     which  are 

two  or  three  Winters  while  they  are  placed  alternately  on  the  Branches, 

yoong;  after  which  time  they  may  whereas  the  other  produces  its  Leaves 

be  tranfplanted  abroad  in  a  fheltered  by  Pairs  oppofite    to  each  x>ther. 

Sitnation,  upon  a  light  Soil,  where  This  is  an  Evergreen ;  but  the  Caf- 

they  will  thrive  exceedingly,  and  in  fioberry-buih  fhedsits  Leaves  inWin- 

a  few  Years  produce  Flowers.   This  ter. 

Tree  feldom  grows  to  be  very  large.  The  Inhabitants  of  Nertb  Car^ 

and    therefore    fhould   be  planted  Una  and  Virginia^  where  this  Shrub 

among  Trees  of  a  middling  Growth,  grows  in  Plenty,  give  it  the  Title  of 

The  iargeft  of  thefe  Trees  which  I  Yapon,  which  I  fuppofe  to  be  the  Zv 

have  as  yet  feen  in  England^  is  now  £an  Name :  for,  as  it  is  a  "Plant 

growing  in  the  Gardens  of  that  cu-  much  efleemed  by  the  Indians  for  its 

rious  and  learned  Botanift  Charles  inedicinalVirtues,they  certainly  have 

Dubm/e^  Efq;  at  Mitebam  in  Surry^  a  Name  for  it :   this  grows  to  the 

which  is  about  ten  Feet  high,  and  Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet :  the 

pretty  thick  in  the  Stem  :  this  Tree  Leaves  are  about  the  Size  and  Shape 

hath  flood  abroad  in  an  open  Situa-  of  thofe  of  the  froalMeavM  Alater* 

tion  for  feveral  Years,  refifling  the  nus,  but  are  fomewhat  (horter,  and 

fevereft  Winters,  and  hath  fiowerM  a  little  broader,  at  their  Bafe ;  th^ 

many  Years  ;  but  I  don^^t  remember  are  a  little  notched  about  theirEdges, 

to  have  heard  of  its  producing  any  and  are  of  a  thick  Snbftance,  and 

Fruit.'  deep-green  Colour :  the  Flowers  of 

This  Sort  is  now  become  pretty  this  Sort  are  producM  at  the  Joints 

pmmon  in  the  Nurferies  near  Lon-  near  the  Footilalk  of  the  L»ves ; 

dm^  where  it  is  propagated  by  lay-  but  the  Cafiioberrybufh  produces 

log  down  the  Branches,  which  af-  its  Flowers  in  Umbels  at  the  Extre- 

ford  Shoots  in  Plenty  for  that  Pur-  mity  of  the  Shoots  :  the  Berries  of 

pofe  from  the  Root,  and  Lower-part  this  Yapon  continue  upon  the  Plants 

of  the  Stem,  fb  as  to  become  very  mofl  Part  of  the  Winter,  and,  be- 

bufhy  and  thick,   if  they   ar^  not  ing  of  a  brrght-red  Colour,  inter* 

fut  off:  there  are  ^^nmbers  of  thefe  nixed  with  the  green  Leaves,  make 

a£ne 


C  A 

> 

m  tm»  Appearance  at  tbkt  SeaioD* 
From  tbde  Berries  coDtimiing  b 
long  ttotouchod  by  the  Birds,  we 
jBay  rea^fovably  conclude*  that  tkey 
have  fome  venomoos  Qiialicy ;  be- 
cayfe  few  of  the  Fruits  or  Berries^ 
Vfhioh  are  wholfome^efcape  theBird9» 
in  a  Country  where  there  are  fuc]^ 
Flocks  of  many  Kinds  of  Birds. 

This  Shrub  was  much  more  com-^ 
mon  in  the  Engiift?  Gardens  fome 
Years  paft,  than  at  prefent;  for  as 
the  Winters  had  been  favourable 
for  fome  Years,  mod  People  had 
planted  thefe  Plants  in  the  open  Air, 
where  they  fucceeded  pretty  well  un- 
til the  fevere  Froil  in  the  Year  1740. 
which  defiroyed  all  the  Plants  in  the 
Gardens  near  Lm^u  ;  and  iince 
chat  time  there  have  been  very  few 
Plants  raifed  from  Seeds,  tho*  there 
have  been  confiderablc  Quantities  of 
the  Seeds  brought  into  England i  but 
whether  the  Berries  had  remained 
long  enough  upon  the  Plants  to  be 
thoroughly  ripe,  or  from  what  other 
Caufe  it  has  happened,  1  cannot  fay; 
but  few  of  them  have  come  up,  tho^ 
they  were  fown  in  various  Places, 
and  in  different  Methods :  but  could 
we  get  this  Shrub  in  Plenty,  it  would 
be  a  good  Acquilition  to  the  ever- 
green Gardens. 

Thefe  Treet^  are  both  of  them  pro- 
pagated by  fowing  theirSeeds  (which 
are  obtained  f/om  Carolina^  where 
they  grow  in  great  Plenty  near  the 
Sca-coafts) :  they  (hould  be  fown  in 
Pots  filled  with  light  fandy  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  a  gentle  Hot  bed, 
obferving  to  water  them  frequently, 
until  you  fee  the  Plants  appear, 
9vhich  is  fometimes  in  fi\'t  or  fix 
Weeks  time,  and  at  other  times  they 
will  remain  in  the  Ground  until  the 
fecond  Year :  therefore,  if  the  Plants 
fliould  not  come  up  in  two  Months 
^ime,  you  (hould  remove  the  Pots 
into  a  (hady  Situation^  where  they 


r  • 


C  A 

may  remain  till  O^^^cr ;  being  care- 
ful to  keep  them  clean  from  Weeds, 
and  DOW- and -then  in  dry  Weather 
giving  them  a  little  Water  :  then  re- 
move thefe  Pots  into  Shelter  doring 
the  Winter-feafon ;  and  in  the  March 
following  put  them  upon  a  freih  . 
Hot-bed,  which  will  forward  the 
Seeds  in  their  Vegetation. 

When  the  Plants  are  come  ap, 
they  (hottld,  by  degrees,  be  exposed 
to  the  open  Air,  in  order  to  enure 
them  to  our  Climate;   yet  don*t  ex- 

Eofe  them  to  the  open  Sun  at  firi^, 
ttt  rather  let  them  have  the  moro- 
ing  Sun  only,  placing  them  for  rouie 
time  where  they  may  be  (heltered 
from  cold  Winds :   they  fhould  en- 
joy a  Shelter  during  the  two  or  three 
firft  Winters ;  after  which  the  Caf- 
iioberry-buih  may  be  planted  abroad: 
but  the  Soutb'Sta  Thea  fhould  be 
kept  in  Pots  a  Year  or  two  longer, 
being  flower  of  Growth,  and  will 
therefore  not  have  Strength  enough 
to  reiift  the  Cold  when  young. 

They  may  alfo  be  propagated  hj 
laying  the  younger  Branches  into 
the  Ground  in  Autumn,  which,  if 
kept  watered,  will  take  Root  by  the 
Autumn  following,  fit  for  Tranf- 
plantation ;  otherwife  they'll  be  two 
Years  before  they  take  Root.  The 
Caffioberry  -  buih  is  by  much  the 
eafier  Plant  of  the  two  to  (Irike. 

The  Paraguay  ox  South  Sta  Thc| 
is  accounted  by  the  Indiam  say 
wholfomey  and  (as  I  have  been  in- 
formed by  feveral  worthy  Perfons, 
who  refided  for  feveral  Years  in  Ca- 
raliua)  is  the  only  Phyfic  the  /*• 
dian$  ufe,  and  for  which,  at  certain 
times  of  the  Year,  they  come  in 
Droves,  fome  hundred  Miles  di- 
ftant,  for  the  Leaves  of  this  Tree  (it 
not  being  known  to  grow  at  any 
conHderable  Diilance  fromtjiCvSta); 
where  their  ufual  Cuftonris,  to  make 
a  Fire  upon  the  Ground,  and,  put- 

H 


\ 


C  A 

ting  a  great  Ketde  of  Water  there* 
on,  they  throw  into  it  a  large  Quan- 
thy  of  thcfe  Leaves,  and  immedi- 
atdy  fee  themfelves  round  the  Fire, 
and*  with  a  Bowl  that  holds  about  a 
Pioc,  they  be^n  drinking  large 
Draught^,  which  in  a  very  fhort  time 
▼omits  them  feverely  ;  thus  they 
continne  drinking  and  vomiting,  for 
the  Space  of  two  or  three  Days,  un- 
til they  have  fuffideiitly  cleansed 
(bemiclves ;  then  they  gather  every 
one  a  Bundle  of  the  Tree  to  carry 
away  with  them,  and  retire  to  their 
Habitations.  But  thefe  Gentlemen 
obfenr^d  fomething  very  extraordi- 
nary in  the  Operation  of  this  Plant, 
which  was,  that  in  vomiting  It  gave 
tbem  no  Uneaiinefs  or  Pain,  but 
came  away  in  a  full  Stream  from 
their  Mouths,  without  fo  mtich  as 
declining  thdr  Heads,  or  the  leafl 
Reaching. 

This  Plant  is  generally  fuppofed 
to  be  the  fame  as  that  which  grows 
in  Faraguaj^  where  the  Je/uifts  of 
that  Country  make  a  great  Revenue 
of  the  Leaves,  which  they  export  to 
feveral  other  Countries,  where  it  is 
infujed  and  drank  like  Tea:  indeed, 
there  are  (bme  Perlbns  who  doubt 
its  being  the  fame ;  which  will  be 
pretty  difficult  to  determine,  fince 
there  is  io  little  Converfe  between 
the  Inhabitants  of  Parogumy  and 
thofe  in  Enrept ;  aod  all  the  Leaves 
of  that  Tea»  which  have  been  brought 
to  Eurppe,  have  been  generally  fo 
broken  aod  defaced,  as  to  render  it 
almoft  impoffible  to  know  their  true 
Figure :  however,  from  fome  of  the 
fureft  Leaves,  which  were  picked 
odt  of  the  Paraguay  Tea  by  a  Per- 
ion  of  Skill,  who  compared  them 
with  thofe  oir  the  Ti^fotty  he  had  great 
Reafott  to  believe  they  were  the 
fame :  and  as  the  Virtues  attributed 
toxhtTapon  are  nearly,  if 'not  ab- 
folutelyi  thf  %oc  with  thofe  pf  the 


C  A 

P«nm«f  ,the  InJiams  of  thefe  Nordii; 
ern  rarts  of  America  maiding  the 
fame  Ufe  of  it  as  the  Inhabitants  of 
the  South  Parts  of  America  do,  ^visc* 
to  reftore  loft  Appetites  i  and  thqr 
fay  it  elves  them  Courage  aod  Agi* 
licy,  Ux  which  Purpofes  it  has  beea 
in  Ufe  time  out  of  Mind :  we  may 
alfo  obferve,  that  the  Place  of  ita 
Growth  in  the  North  is  theiame  La^ 
titude  as  Paraguay  is  Sooth  \  io  \ 
ihall  beg  Leave  to  infert  the  Accooat 
given  of  the  Paraguay  Tea  by  Mon« 
iieur  Friziir^  who  travelled  through 
great  Part  of  Airu;  Spain^  by  expceff 
Order  of  the  King  of  Frame, 

In  ^QMtb  Carolina  this  Plant  is 
called  Cajfena  or  SeutbSea  Tea :  the 
Inhabitants  of  that  Country  do  not 
make  fo  great  Ufe  of  this  Tea,  aa 
thofe  Qi  Virginia  and  Ifortb  QotQ'* 
Una ;  in  the  laft  of  which  the  white 
People  have  it  ijn  as  great  £fteem  aa 
the  Indians^  and  make  as  confiaac 
Ufe  of  it, 

Monfieur  Fre$atr  alio  fays,  That 
the  SpoMiariit  who  Hve  near  the  Gold 
Mines  in  Peru,  are  obligedfiw^iients 
ly  to  drink  of  the  Herb  Paraguay 
or  Matty  to  moiileu  their  Breaib, 
without  which  they  are  liable  to  a 
fort  of  Suffocation,  from  the  ftrong 
Exhalations  which  are  continually 
coming  from  the  Mines. 

The  fame  Author  alfo  adds.  That 
the  Inhabitants  of  Lhna^  during  the 
Day-time,  make  much  Ufe  oi  the 
Herb  Paraguay^  which  fome  call  St; 
BartbolwnenAi^h  Herb,  who,  they  pre* 
'tend,  came  into  thofe  Provinces* 
where  he  made  it  wholfome  and  be* 
neficial ;  whereas  before  it  was  ve* 
noroous :  this,  he  fays,  is  brought 
to  Uma  dry,  and  almoft  in  Pow« 
der. 

Inftead  of  drinking  the  Tin^uio 
or  Infuiion  apart,  as  we  drink  Tea, 
they  put  the  Herb  into  a  Cup  or 
fiowl  made  of  a  Cakbaih,  tipped 

with 


C  A 

«sth  Silver,  which  they  call  Mate ; 
dkey  wid  Sngzr,  and  pour  the  hot 
Water  upon  it,  which  they  drink 
nimediatelyy  without  giving  it  time 
to  infufe',  becaafe  it  turns  black  as 
Jok,  To  avoid  fwallowing  the  Herb, 
Mich  Aurims  at  the  Top,  they  make 
mfe  of  •  filTer  Pipe,  at  the  End 
whereof  is  a  Bowl  fall  of  little 
Holes ;  fo  that  the  Liquor  fack'd  in 
at  the  other  End  is  dear  from  the 
Herb.  They  drink  roand  with  the 
firae  Pipe,  pouring  hot  Water  on 
ibt  6mo  Herb,  as  it  ii  drank  off, 
Infiead  of  a  Pipe,  which  they  call 
B9mhilld^  fome  part  the  Herb  with 
a  iilrer  Separator,  calPd  Jpartaior^ 
Ittl!  of  lictte  Holes.  The  Reloaan- 
cy  which  the  Fr««ri^  have  fhewn  to 
imki  after  all  Sorts  of  People,  in  a 
Country  where  many  are  pox^d,  has 
occafionM  the  inventing  the  Ufe  of 
Ettle  glafs  Pipes,  which  they  begin 
to  afe  at  Lma.  This  Liquor,  he 
£iys,  in  his  Opinion,  is  better  than 
Tea ;  it  has  a  Flavour  of  the  Herb, 
m^ich  is  agreeable  enough :  the 
People  of  the  Conntry  are  fo  ufed 
ID  it,  that  even  the  pooreft  drink  it 
owe  a  Day,  when  chey  rife  in  the 
Bforning. 

The  Trade  for  this  Herb  (he  fays) 
ii  carried  on  at  Santa  Fi^  whither  it 
is  brought  up  the  River  of  Flate. 
There  are  two  Sorts  of  it ;  the  one 
called  Yerha  d$  Palos ;  and  the  other, 
which  is  finer,  and  of  more  Virtue, 
Tirba  d9  Camim  :  the  laft  is  brought 
Irom  the  Lands  belonging  to  the  Je- 
fuits :  the  great  Confumption  of  it 
is  between  La  Pax,  and  Qtzco^where 
it  is  wonh  half  as  much  more  as  the 
•dier,  which  is  fent  from  Potofi  to 
La  P«ss.  There  come  yearly  from 
Paraguay  into  Ptru  about  fifty  thou- 
6nd  Arrova*s,  twelve  thoufand  Hun- 
dred-weight of  both  Sorts,  whereof 
at  leaft  One-third  is  of  the  Camhi, 
without  reckotting  tw€nty-fiv«  thou- 


c  A 

fand  Arrova*s  of  that  of  Palei  for 
CSi/y.  They  pay  for  each  Parcel, 
containing  fix  or  feven  ArrovaV, 
four  Royals  for  the  Duty  called  Jf- 
eavala  (being  a  Rate  upon  all  Goods 
fold) ;  which,  with  the  Charge  of 
Carriage,  being  above  fix  hundred 
Leagues,  doubles  the  drfk  Price, 
which  is  about  two  Pieces  of  Eizht; 
fo  that  at  Potoji  it  comes  to  about 
five  Pieces  of  Eight  the  Arrova.  The 
Carriage  is  commonly  by  Carts, 
which  carry  an  hundred  and  fifty 
Arrova's  from  Santa  Fe  tojitn^^ 
the  laft  Town  of  the  Province  of  Tir- 
euman ;  and  from  thence  to  Pa/^ft 
which  is  an  hundred  Leagues  ii- 
ther,  it  is  carried  on  Mules. 

What  this  curious  Author  has  ob- 
ferved,  on  there  being  two  Sorts  of 
this  Herb,  may  very  well  agree  with 
thofe  two  Sorts  here  mention*d»  fioce 
both  of  them  are  generally  fuppofed 
to  a^ee  in  their  Qualities,  though 
one  IS  much  preferable  to  the  other; 
therefore  I  imagine  the  Ttrba  de  Ca» 
tmni  is  what  we  call  Paragkay  or 
South'Sia  Thea ;  and  Ter^  de  Ft- 
hs  to  be  our  Caffioberry-bufli,  the 
Leaves  of  which  are  extreme  bitter, 
efpecially  when  taken  green  from 
the  Tree,  and  the  Tafte  is  hardly  to 
be  gotten  out  of  the  Mouth  for  fomc 
Hours  after  chewing  a  Leaf  thereof. 
But  as  oar  Author  only  faw  the  dried 
Herb,  he  could  no  more  dillioguilh 
their  Difference,  than  we  can  the 
Thea  brought  from  China;  I  mean, 
as  to  the  particular  Trees  which  pro* 
duce  it. 

CASTANEA,  TheCheftnuV 
tree. 

The  CharaStirs  are ; 

It  hath  Male  Flowers,  or  Katkim, 
'which  art  placed  at  remote  Difiaacn 
from  the  Fruit  en  the  fame  Tret :  tht 
outer  Coat  of  the  Fruit  is  ntery  rong^t 
and  has  tnvo  or  three  Nuts  inchidii  rs 
eaeh  Uujk  or  Covering. 

Ths 


C  A 

t 

The  Sfeeiis  are ; 

1.  ChiTAfkEh/ativa,  C.  B,  The 
common  or  manured  Cheftnut. 

2.  Castanea  fati*va^  foliit  eie^ 
gitatfr  'variigaiu.  The  ftripedCheH- 
out. 

3.  Cast  A  NBA  humiJis  racemafeu 
C.  B.  P.  Dwarf  branching  Cheft* 
not. 

4.  Cast  AM  E  A  pumilu  Virginutna^ 
ructaufoJrtUtu  parv^  infingulii  cap- 
ftdis  §cbinatOy  umc9,  Banifi,  Pluk, 
Jim,  The  Chiquapin,  or  Dwarf 
Virgiman  Cheftnuc. 

5.  Ca  STAKE  A  Americana^  ampJif- 
fimo  foiiOf  frvQu  maxime  ecbinatc. 
Jmeficam  Cheftnot,  with  an  ample 
Leaf»  ^d  the  largeft  prickly  Froit. 

Thc^e  are  feveral  Varieties  of  the 
common  Cheilnuty  which  differ  in 
the  Size  of  their  Fruit :  tkofe  with 
the  very  large  Fruit  the  Trench  call 
Maromer^  and  the  fmail  Fruit  they 
call  Chatagnier ;  and  they  bud  the 
former  upon  the  latter,  to  have  bet- 
ter Fruit  I  which  is  what  fliould  be 
always  done,  where  they  are  planted 
for  the  iake  of  their  Fruit. 

The  third  Son  I  believe  to  be  only 
an  accidental  Variety,  and  not  a  di- 
ftindlSpecies,  fo  not  worth  tbe  Trou- 
ble of  cultivating. 

Tbe  £fth  Sort  was  found  in  fome 
of  the  French  Settlements  in  Ami^ 
rica  by  Father  Plumier,  who  made 
a  new  Genus  of  it,  giving  it  the  Ti- 
tle of  Sloania^  in  Honour  to  Sir  Hans 
Shane,  Bart.  Pbyfician  to  his  Majefty 
King  George  \  but  it  (hould  not  be 
ieparated  from  the  Cbeflnut,  as  it 
only  differs  from  that  in  having  four 
Nuts  indofed  in  each  Huik  i  where- 
a3  the  Cheftnut  has  but  three  :  the 
putward  Cover  to  this  Fruit  is  vrry 
large,  and  extremely  armed  with 
(harp  Spines,  which  are  as  trouble* 
fome  to  handle  as  the  Skin  of  an 
Hcdghog :  thefe  Nuu  are  very  fweet 
and  wholfome,  but  are  not  fo  large 


c  A 

as  thoie   of  the  common  CSieft* 
hut. 

This  Sort  grows  plentifully  in 
S»iuh  Carolina,  from  whence  the 
Fruit  has  been  fent  to  Engiand:  k 
may  probably  be  the  fiirae  Sort 
which  grows  in  Virginia;  but  zs  I 
have  not  feen  the  outer  Cover  of 
thofe  Nuts,  I  cannot  take  upon  me 
to  a&m  they  are  fo. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Trees  was  for- 
merly in  greater  Plenty  amongH  tu 
than  at  prefent,  as  may  be  prov^4 
by  the  old  Buildings  in  London^whidk 
were  for  the  moft  part  of  this  Tim- 
ber i  and  in  a  Defcrlption  of  Lorn- 
^4Mr,written  by  FitscStephens,  in  Henry 
the  Second^s  time,  he  fpeaks  of  a 
very  noble  Forefl,  which  grew  on 
the  North  Part  of  it :  Proxime  ((ays 
he)  patet  for  eft  a  ingens,  fait  us  nunu' 
refi  ferarum,  latthr^e  cemjorum^  da' 
marum,  aprorum,  i^  iaurorum  JyJ^oe^ 
ftrium^  &c.  And  there  are  fome 
Remains  of  old  decayM  CheHnuts  m 
the  old  Woods  and  Chaces  not  far 
diflant  from  London  ^  which  plainly 
proves,  that  this  Tree  is  not  ijO  great 
a  Stranger  to  our  Climate  as  man/ 
People  believe,  and  may  be  cultiva- 
ted io  England,  to  afford  an  equal 
Profit  with  any  of  the  larger  Tim- 
ber-trees^  fince  the  Wood  of  this 
Tree  is  equal  in  Value  to  the  beft 
Oak,  and,  for  many  Put-pofes,  br 
exceeding  it;  as  particularly,  for 
making  Veflels  for  all  Kinds  of  Li* 
quor,  it  having  a  Property  (when 
once  thoroughly  feafon^d)  of  main* 
taining  its  Bulk  couftantly,  and  is  not 
fubjedl  to  (brink  or  fwejl,  as  other 
Timber  is  too  apt  to  do :  and  I  am 
certainly  informed,  that  all  the  large 
Cafks,  Tuns,  (ffc,  for  their  Wines  in 
Italy,  are  made  of  this  Timber ;  and 
it  is  for  that,  and  many  more  Pur- 
pofes,  in  greater  Eileem  among  the 
Italians   than    any    ocher  Timber 

whatever^    It  is  alfo  very  valuabU 

for 


C  A  C  A 

(br  Pipes  to  convey  Water  under-  place  the  Nuts,  at  about  four  Indies 

goimd,  as  enduring  longer  than  the  Diftance,  with  their  Eye  uppermoft; 
m,  or  any  other  Wood :  in  Italy  then  draw  the  Earth  over  them  widi 
it  is  planted  for  Coppice- wood,  and  a  Rake ;  and  make  a  fecund  RiH  at 
h  very  much  cultivated  in  Stools,  to  about  a  Foot  Diftance  from  tlie  for- 
snake  Stakes  for  their  Vines ;  which,  .mer,  proceeding  as  before,  allow 
being  ftuck  into  the  Groand,  will  ing  three  or  four  Rows  in  a  Fed, 
endure  jftvcn  Years  ;  which  is  longer  with  an  Alley  between,  three  Feet 
than  any  other  Stakes  will  do,  by  broad,  for  a  Conveniency  of  dear- 
near  half  the  time.  The  Ufefulnefs  ing  the  Beds,  &r.  When  you  have 
of  the  Timber,  together  with  the  finifh*d  your  Plantation,  you  moil 
BeantyoftheTree,  renders  it  as  well  be  careful,  that  it  is  not  deflroyd 
worth  propagating  as  any  Tree  what-  by  Mice,  or  other  Vermin  ;  which 
ever.  is  very  often  the  Cafe,  if  they  are 

Thefc  Trees  arc  propagated  by  not  prevented  by  Traps,   or  other 

planting  the  Nuts  in  February^  in  Means. 

Beds  of  frelh  undung'd  Earth :  the  In  Jpril  thefe  Nuts  wilt  appear 
befl-  Nuts  for  fowing  are  fuch  as  are  above-ground ;  you  muft  therefore 
brought  from  Portugal  and  Spaitr^  obferve  to  keep  them  dear  ^zn 
l&nd  are  commonly  fold  in  Winter  Weeds,  efpecjally  while  young :  in 
for  Eating,  provided  they  are  not  thefe  Beds  they  may  remain  for  two 
kiln- dried,  which  is  generally  the  Vears,  when  you  ihould  remcTve 
Cafe  of  thofe  brought  from  Abroad,  them  into  a  Nurfery,  at  a  wider  Di- 
which  is  done  to  prevent  their  fprout-  ftance:  the  beft  Seafon  for  tranf< 
ing  or  rotting  in  their  Paflage ;  there-  planting  thefe  Trees  is  either  in  Oc- 
ibrc,  if  they  cannot  be  procured  /^^'^r,  or  the  Latter-end  of  F^^ra^ry; 
frefh  from  the  Tree,  it  will  be  much  but  OSloher  is  the  bed  Seafon  :  the 
better  to  ufe  thofe  of  the  Growth  of  Diftance  thefe  (hould  have  in  th« 
England,  which  are  full  as  good  to  Nurfery,  is  three  Feet  Row  from 
fow  for  Timber  or  Beauty,  as  any  of  Row,  and  one  Foot  in  the  Rows : 
theforeignNuts,tho*  their  Fruit  are  you  muft  be  careful,  in  tranfplant- 
much  fmaller :  thefe  (hould  be  pre-  ing  thefe  Trees,  to  take  them  up 
ferved,  until  the  Seafon  for  fowing,  without  injuring  their  Roots,  nor 
in  Sand,  where  Mice,  or  other  Ver-  fhould  they  remain  long  out  of  the 
min,  cannot  come  to  them,  other-  Ground  ;  but  if  thefe  Trees  have  a 
wife  they  will  deftroy  them  :  before  downright  Tap-root,  it  fhould  be 
fore  you  fct  them,  it  will  be  proper  cut  off,  efpecially  if  they  are  intend- 
to  put  them  into  Water,  to  try  their  ed  to  be  removed  again  :  this  will 
Goodnefs,  which  is  known  by  their  occafion  their  putting  out  lateral 
Ponderofity ;  thofe  of  them  thatfwim  Roots,  and  render  them  lefs  fubjcd 
upon  the  Surface  of  the  Water  ihould  to  mifcarry  when  they  are  removed 
be  rejeded  as  good  for  nothing  ;  but  for  good. 

fuch  as  fink  to  the  Bottom,  you  may  The  Time  generally  allowed  them 

be  fure  are  good.  in  this  Nurfery  is  three  or  four 

In  fetting  thefe  Seeds,  or  Nuts,  Years,  according  to  their  Growth ; 

the  beft  way  is,  to  make  a  Rill  with  but  the  younger  they  are  tranfplant- 

an  Hoe  (as  is  commonly  ipra€tifed  ed,    the  better  they  will  fucceed ; 

in  fetting  Kidney-beans)  about  four  during  which,  you  fhould  be  careful 

Inches  deep,  in  which  yon  ihould  to  keep  them  dear  from  Weeds,  ob- 

ferving 


C  A 

fnrving  alio  to  prune  off  lateral 
firanches,  which  would  retard  their 
apright  Growth ;  and  where  70a 
find  aoy  that  are  difpbfed  to  grow 
crooked,  either  by  their  upper  Bud 
bemg  hurt,  or  from  any  other  Ac- 
cident, yoa  may,  the  Year  after 
plantiog,  in  Mard,  cut  them  down 
to  the  lowermolt  Eye  next  the  Sur- 
face of  the  Ground,  which  will  caufe 
them  to  make  one  flrong  upright 
Shoot,  and  may  be  afterwards  train- 
ed into  good  ftndt  Trees :  but  this 
fhould  not  be  pra6^ifed,  unlefs  the 
Plants  have  abfolutely  loft  their  lead- 
ing Shoot ;  for  although  the  Stems 
of  the  Trees  (hould  be  very  crooked 
(as  is  generally  the  Cafe  with  thefe 
Trees  when  young) ;  yet  when  they 
are  tranfplanted  out,  and  have  room 
to  grow,  as  they  increafe  in  Balk, 
they  will  grow  more  upright,  and 
their  Stems  will  become  ftraic,  as  I 
have  frequently  obferved,  where 
there  have  been  great  Plantations. 

But  in  doing  of  this,  you  mufl:  be 
careful  not  to  diilurb  their  Roots, 
which,  perhaps,  might  deflroy  them. 
Thefe  Trees  require  no  other  Ma- 
nure than  their  own  Leaves,  which 
fhould  be  fuffexed  to  rot  upon  the 
Ground  ;  and  in  the  Spring  of  the 
Year,  the  Ground  fhould  have  a 
flight  Digging,  when  thefe  fhould 
be  buried  between  their  jRoots  ;  but 
not  too  dofe  to  the  Trees,  which 
might  be  injurious  to  their  young 
Fifties. 

After  having  remained  three  or 
four  Years  in  the  Nurfcry,  they  will 
be  fit  for  tranfplanting,  either  in 
Rows  for  Avenues  to  an  Hoofe,  or 
in  Quarters  for  WiJdemefs- planta- 
tions; but  if  you  intend  them  for 
Timber,  it  is  by  much  the  better 
Method  to  fow  them  in  Furrows  (as 
is  pra^ifed  for  Oaks,  &fc.),  and  let 
Ihem  remain  unremoved ;  for  thefe 
Trees  arc  apt  to  have  a  downright 


C  A 

Tap-root,which,  being  hurt  by  tranf- 
planting, is  often  a  Check  to  their 
upright  Growth,  and  caufes  diem 
to  (hoot  out  into  lateral  Branches,  as 
is  the  Cafe  with  the  6ak,  Wakut^ 
bTc. 

Therefore,wherc-ever  any  of  theft 
Trees  are  planted  for  Timber,  they 
fhould  remain  unremoved :  but , 
where  the  Fruit  of  them  is  more 
fought  after,  then  it  is  certainly  the 
better  way  to  tranfplant  them  ;  for 
as  tranfplanting  is  a  C^eck  to  the 
luxariaat  Growth  of  Trees,  fo  it  is 
a  Promoter  of  their  Frut^ification,  as 
may  be  evinced  by  obferving  low 
fhrubby  Oaks,  Wabiuts,  ^c.  which 
generally  have  a  greater  Plenty  of 
Fruit  than  any  of  the  larger  and 
more  vigorous  Trees ;  and  the  Fruit 
of  fuch  Trees  is  much  fuperior  in 
Tafte,  though  the  Seeds  of  vigorous 
Trees  are  vaftly  preferable  for  Plan- 
tations of  Timber ;  for  it  is  a  con- 
flant  Obfervation,  that,  by  faving 
Seeds  from  Dwarf  Trees  or  Plants, 
from  time  to  time,  they  may  be  ren- 
dered much  lower  in  their  Growth 
than  is  their  natural  Size ;  but  where 
the  Fruit' is  moft  dcfired,  then  rhey 
fhould  be  taken  from  fuch  Trees  as 
produce  the  largefl  and  fweetcft 
Nuts ;  which  are  commbniy  found 
upon  fuch  Trees  as  fpread  the  mail, 
and  have  horizontal  Roots  ;  for  the 
weaker  Trees  being  lefs  capable  to 
furnifh  a  Supply  of  Nouriftiment, 
and  having  a  greater  Quantity  of 
Fruit  upon  then),  to  which  this  mud 
be  diflributed,  together  with  their 
Roots  lying  near  the  Surface  of  the 
Ground  (by  which  means  the  [uiccs 
are  better  prepared  by  Sun,  Air,  {sV. 
before  it  enters  their  VcfTels),  it  is 
certain  their  Juicfs  are  better  digeft- 
ed,  and  their  Fruits  better  maturated, 
than  thofe  can  pofiibly  be  which 
grow  upon  flrong  vigorous  Trees, 
which  have  long  Tap-roots  ru'nning 

fevcral 


C  A 

levcnt  Feet  deep  into  the  Eardi, 
and  confeqnendy  uke  in  yaft  Quan- 
tities of  crude  unprepared  Juice, 
which  is  buoyed  up  to  the  extreme 
Parts  of  the  Tree ;  and  thefe  feldom 
liaving  many  lateral  Branches  to  di- 
reft  and  prepare  their  Juice,  by  per- 
^iring  or  throwing  off  the  crude 
Part»  before  it  enters  the  Fruits. 

And  this,  I  dare  fay,  univerfally 
bolds  good  in  all  Sorts  of  Fruit- 
trees,  and  is  often  the  Occafionof 
the  good  and  bad  Qualities  of  the 
fame  Sorts  of  Fruits  growing  on  the 
fame  Soil. 

What  has  been  related  about  graft- 
ing this  Tree  into  the  Walnut,  to 
promote  their  bearing,  or  render 
their  Fruit  fairer ;  or  inoculating 
Cherries  into  the  Cheftnut,  for  later 
Fruit ;  is  very  whimdcal  and  filly, 
ilnce  neither  the  Cheftnut  nor  Wal- 
nut will  receive  its  own  Kind  any 
other  way  than  by  inoculating,  or 
inarching ;  and  it  is  the  latter  only 
by  which  the  Walnut  can  be  propa- 
gated ;  nor  was  it  ever  known,  that 
any  two  Trees  of  a  different  Genas 
would  take  upon  each  other,  fo  as 
to  produce  a  good  Tree  ;  therefore 
we  may  juftly  explode  all  thofe  dif- 
lerent  Graftings  of  various  Trees 
upon  each  other,  fo  much  talked  of 
by  the  Actients;  at  lead  we  may 
fuppofe  thofe  Trees  are  not  known 
by  the  fame  Names  now,  that  they 
au-e  mentioned  by  in  their  Writiogs ; 
for  I  have  made  many  Trials  upon 
them,  which,  although  performed 
with  great  Care,  and  in  different  Sea- 
fons,  yet  fcarcely  one  of  them  fuc« 
seeded.     But  to  return : 

If  you  defign  a  large  Plantation 
of  thefe  Trees  for  Timber,  after 
having  two  or  three  times  plowed 
the  Ground,  the  better  to  deflroy 
the  Roots  of  Weeds,  you  fhould 
make  your  Furrows  about  fix  Feet 
pittance  from  each  other,  in  which 


c  A 

you  fhould  lay  the  Nuts  about  ten 
Inches  apart,  covering  them  witk 
Earth  about  three  Inches  thick ;  and, 
when  they  come  up,  you  muft  care- 
fully dear  them  from  Weeds:  when 
thefe  have  remained  three  or  four 
Years  (if  the  Nuts  fucceeded  well), 
yon  will  have  many  of  thefe  Trees 
to  remove;  which  ihould  be  done 
at  the  Seafons  before  direded,  leav- 
ing the  Trees  about  three  Feet  Di- 
ttance  in  the  Rows;  at  which  Di- 
ilance  they  may  remain  three  or  four 
Yean  more,  when  you  ihould  re> 
move  every  other  Tree,  to  make 
room  for  the  remaining,  which  will 
reduce  the  whole  Plantation  to  ^ 
Feet  fquare;  which  will  be  Dittance 
enough  for  them  to  remain  until 
they  are  large  enough  for  Poles ; 
when  you  may  cut  down  every  other 
of  thefe  Trees  (making  choice  of 
the  leaft  promifing)  within  a  Foot  of 
the  Ground,  in  order  to  make  Stools 
for  Poles,  which,  in  eight  or  ten 
Years  time,  will  be  ttroog  enough 
to  lop  for  Hoops,  Hop-poles,  &r. 
for  which  Purpofes  they  are  prefer- 
able to  moft  other  Trees ;  fo  that 
every  tenth  Year  here  will  be  a  frelh 
Crop,  which  will  pay  the  Rent  of 
the  Ground,  and  all  other  incom- 
bent  Charges,  and,  at  the  fame  time, 
a  full  Crop  of  growing  Timber  left 
upon  the  Ground  :  but  as  the  large 
Trees  increafe  in  Bulk,  their  Diftance 
of  twelve  Feet  fquare  will  be  too 
fmall :  therefore,  when  they  have 
grown  to  a  Size  for  fmall  Boards,  you 
fiiould  fell  every  other  Tree,  which 
will  reduce  them  to  twenty -foor 
Feet  fquare,  which  is  a  proper  Di- 
ftance for  them  to  remain  for  good: 
this  will  give  Air  to  the  Underwood 
(which  by  this  time  would  be  too 
much  overhung  by  the  Qofenefs  of 
the  large  Trees) ;  by  which  means 
that  will  be  greatly  encouraged,  ^fni 
the  fmall  Timber  felled  will  pay  fuf- 

^deot 


C  A 

ficknt  Intereil  for  the  Money  at  fitft 
laid  out  in  planting,  ^c:  with  the 
FHncipal  alfo;  fo  that  all  the  re- 
maining Ttees  are  clear  Profit ;  for- 
tlie  Underwood,  Hill  continuing,  wilt 
pay  the  Rent  of  the  Ground,  and 
all  other  Expences ;  and  what  a  fine 
Eftate  here  will  be  for  a  fncceeding 
Generation,  in  aboat  fourfcoreYears^ 
1  leave  every  one  to  judge. 

Th*  ilriped-leavM  Cheftnut  is  a 
beaatiful  Tree  in  a  Garden,  to  in- 
termix widx  various  Sorts  of  Trees, 
in  Clomps,  or  in  Wildemefs  -  <juar- 
ters  ;  where,,  by  the  Variety  theft 
fine-ftriped  Trees  afford,  they  greatly 
aidd  to  the  Divcrfity  and  Pieatbre*  of 
fiich  Plantations.  This  may  be  ob- 
tained by  being  budded  upon'  the 
common  Chefthut ;  but  tliis  ilriped 
Sort  will  never  be  a  large  Tree. 

The  Chinquapin;  or  dwarf  TiV- 
gtnian  Cheftnut«  is,  at  prefcnt,  very 
tvt  Ui  England i  but  is  wtry  dom- 
mon  in  the  Woods  of  America^whete' 
k  ieldom  grows  above  twelve  or 
feorteen  Feet  high,  -and  produces 
great  Plenty  of  Nuts,  which  are,  for 
the  moft  part,  fingle  in  each'  outer 
Goa:  This  Tree  is  very  hardy,  and 
will  refill  the  fevered  of  our  Winters^ 
in  the  open  Ground  ;  but  it  is  very 
apt  to  decay  in  Summer,  efpecially 
if  it  is  planted  in  very  diy  Ground  : 
the  Nuts  of  thefe  Trees,  if  brought 
frotn  America,  (hould  be  put  up  in 
Sand  as  foon  as  they  are  ripe,  and 
fient  to  England immidhtely  ;  other^ 
wife  they  lofe  their  growing  Quality, 
which  is  the  Reafon  this  Tree  is  at 
prefeht  fo  fcarce  with  us;  for  not 
one  Seed  in  five  hundred  fent  over 
ever  grew,  which  was  owing  to-  the 
Neg^lefl  of  putting  them  tip  in  diis 
flaoner :  indeed,  mod  of  the  Nuts 
wfakh  have  been  brought  over  have 
bctn  kiln-dried  to  preferve  them . 
from  fprouting,  which  infallibly'  de-  < 
ftroyt  the  Germen:  when  the  Nuts 

Vol.  I. 


e  A 

arrive,  they"fliouM  be  put  into  die 
Ground  as  foon  as  poffible ;  and,  if 
the  Winter  fliould  prove  fevere,  it 
will  be  proper  to  cover  the  Ground 
with  Leaves,Tan,  or  Peas-haulm,  to 
prevent  the  PVoft  from  penetrating 
the  Ground,  fa  as  to  defltoy  th^ 
Nuts:  this  Sort  of  Cheftnut delights 
in  a  moift  Soil ;  bur,  iJF  the  Wet  c'on-r 
tinues  long  upon  the  Ground  ii| 
Winter,  it  is  apt  to  kill  the  Trees, 
This  Tree  will  take  by  inarching 
opoQ  die  common  Sort ;  but'  the 
Trees  fo  propagated  feldom  fucceed 
well. 

The  large  Amerfcan  Cheflnut  is  at 
prefent  very  rare  in  England:  I  do 
not  remember  to  have  feen  more 
than  three  or  four  yomig  PlJints  im 
any  of  the  Gardens,'  and  thofe  had 
made  but  little  Progrefs.  This  may 
be  procured  from  Carolina;  wherd 
they  grow  in  Plenty :  the Nutsfhould 
foe  fent  over,  as  hath  be^  direfted 
for  the  Chinquapin,  and  managed 
in' the  fame  Way,  which  will  be  the 
fitreH  Method  to  fucceed  :  this  Sort 
will  h^t  the  open  Air  in  a  fhelter*d 
Situation. 

CASTANEA  EQUINA.  Vidi 
Hippocaftanum. 

C  ASTOREA.' 

This  Plant  was  fo  named  by  Fa- 
ther Plumrirt  after  a  famous  rhyfi- 
dan  and  Botanift,  wfaofe  Name  was 
Cajlor  Durant, 

The  Charaatrt  are ; 

//  hath  a  perfanated  Tlonver^  fw* 
fifting  of  one  Leaf,  ivhofe  Upper-lip^ 
or  Qrejt,  is  erect ;  but  the  Beard,  or 
Vnderlipjs  difvided  into  tl:/ree  Parts  : 
the  middle  Part  is  hijid:  the  Tloijcer*' 
cup  afternvard  becomes  a  round  flejhy 
Fruit,  inclofing  a  Shtll,  ih  tvhi'ch  are 
Contained  foter  angular  *Seeds, 
Th\5  S'peciet  are; 

i.Castorea  repent  fpinofa, Phtntm 
Prickly  cfecpmg  Oi(brea.  •  •  -  - 

T  2.  Ca- 


^  A 

«.  Castokia  racemfjmt  fort  cet'- 
frulec^fruSm  <rut$.  Fltm.  Branching 
Caftorea,  wiUk  s  blae^  Flower,  and 
a  faffron  colour^  Fruit. 

The  firft  Sort  hath  trailing 
firancbeSf  which  will  creep  on  the 
Ground,  if  they,  are  not  fupported ; 
for  in  thePlaces  where  ic  grows  wild, 
it  ramble^  over  whatever  Plants 
grow  near  it.  The  Branches  are 
clofely  befet  with  Spines,  fomewhat 
like  the  common  Bramble ;  (b  chat 
it  renders  the  Place  of  its  Growth 
yery  dilHcult  to  pafs. 

The  (ccond  Sort  grows  to  the 
Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet,  and 
becomes  woody.  This  (ends  forth 
many  Branches^  at  the  Extremity  of 
which  there  are  Bunches  of  blue 
Flowers  of  an  apeeable  Scent; 
which  are  fucceeddi  by  fafFron-co- 
loured  Berries,  growing  in  Clullers 
eke  Bunches  of  Currans. 

The(e  Pbnts  are  Natives  of  the 
warmett  Parts  of  AmtrUa^  and  were 
firft  difcovered  by  Father  Piumier^ 
in  the  Fnncb  Settlements :  but  my 
late  learned  Friend,  Dr.  Wiilimm 
Houfifun^  found  them  in  Jamaica  \ 
from  whence  he  Tent  Samples  of  both 
Kinds,  with  their  Seeds,  into  Eng^ 
lamd^  from  which  fome  of  thele 
Plants  were  raifcd. 

They  are  both  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  muft  be  procured  froni 
the  Places  where  they  grow  natu- 
rally; for  th^  feldom  perfe^  their 
Seeds  in  this  Country.  Thefe  muft 
be  fowA  in  fmall  Pots  filled  with 
frefh  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into  a 
modenue  Hot-bed  o(  Tanners  Bark, 
obferving  to  water  them  as  often  as 
yoQ  find  the  Earth  dry«  In  about 
fix  Weeks  the  Plants  will  begin  to 
appear,  when  you  fliould  carefully 
d^  them  from  Weeds,  and  fre- 
quently jefreih  them  with  Water ; 
and  in  waim  Weather  they  ihcmld 


C  A 

have  frefli  Air  adnutted  to  them, 
that  they  may  get  Strength,  and  not 
draw  up  too  weak.  When  the  Pbmct 
are  about  two  Inches  high,    they 
(hould  be  carefully  taken  up,  and. 
tranfplanted  each    into  a  ieparate 
(mall  Pot   filled  with    freih  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  the  Hot- 
bed again ;  then  water  them,  toict- 
tle  the  Earth  to  their  Roots ;  and  in 
the  Day-time  the  Glaffes  (hoold  be 
ihaded  With  Mats,  until  the  Fhmts 
have  taken  Root;  aftq-  which  time 
they  fhould  be  confiantly  wateiei 
three  or  four  times  a  Week,  or  fomo' 
times  oftener  in  very  hot  Weather; 
aud  they  maft  have  Plenty  of  Air 
'admitted  to  them  in  the  Sunuaer, 
otherwife  they  will  draw  op  weak; 
but  in  Winter  they  moll  be  placed 
in  the  Bark-ftove,  and  treated  as  the 
Coffee-tree,  and  fuch  other  tender 
Exofic  Plants.     With  this  Manage 
men^t  they  will  produce  Flowers  the 
fecond  or  third  Year,  and  may  bs 
continued  for  feveral  Years ;  and  as 
th^  retain  their  Leaves  through  the 
Year,  they  will  add  to  the  Variety 
in  the  Stove. 

CATANANCE,   Candf  Lioofi- 
foot. 

The  CbaraHers  arc  ; 
Thi  Qif  ofth$  Finnjoir  h/qmamfi: 
the  Florets^  wbUb  or 9  r^tmi  ibi  Uar* 
gin^  art  much  longir  than  thofi  in  tht 
Middli  of  the  Fhwtr :  the  Seeds  an 
^mrapt  up  ia  a  leafy  or  Jevv^  Sah* 
fiance^  nvithin  the  Cup^  ^  M/«r  (jh 
'uering. 

The  Species  are ; 
I.  Catanamce  qaorttsuleua.  Lifg^ 
True  Lions-foot,  with  Buck-thon- 
leaves. 

a.  Catan ANCS  Jkre  itttee^  latiere 

folio,     Towm.     Broad*leav*4  ^^ 

Lions-foot,  with  a  yellow  Flowir* 

3.  CATANANca  JUre  lutea^  as^' 

fliere  folio,  X<mm.    Nariow-letwJ 


C  A 

Cmfjf  LioDS-lboC,   with   a  yeflow 
Rower. 

Tbe  Srtt  of  diefe  PUnts  is  a  Per- 

fiuiial,  and  mty  be  propagated  by 

Reads  taken  off  the  Mother-plant^ 

dther  in  SpriM  pr  Autumn;  bat 

dnfe  Fiantf  4fhich  are  raifed  from 

Seedi,  are  much  ibonser  than  tboTe 

irom  Slips.    Hicfe  Plants  are  com- 

ttonty  planted  in  Pots  £lled  with 

Bght  fimdy  Soil,  in  order  to  ihelter 

uem  in  tbe  Winter  irom  fevere 

Ffofts ;  but  if  they  are  planted  in 

mm  Borders,  dther  under  Walls, 

Mes,  or  Hedges,  and  in  a  mode- 

nttidy  dry  Soil,   they  will  endure 

abroad  very  well.    This  Phmt  be- 

1^  flowering  in  Mayt  and  continues 

till  Jttgm/i  or  September  (efpecially  if 

die  Summer  is  not  too  dry) :  it  is  a 

petty  Ornament  to  a  Garden,  and 

II  eafiiy  kept  within  Bounds.  It  may 

aHb  be  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 

ftoold  be  fown  on  a  Border  of  good 

Hdit  Earth  in  March :  and  in  May, 

when  die  Plants  are  come  up,  they 

lay  be  either  tranfplanted  into  Pots 

•r  Bofdm,  where  they  are  to  re- 

Buoa  for  flowering.    Thefe  Planu 

ftooid  remain  unremored  for  three 

tt  four  Years  When  they  are  plaiited 

m  the  full  Ground,  which  will  cauft 

them  to  ilower  better,  and  thepr  wifi 

Foduce  more  S^s.    The  Seeds 

ripen  in  Amgufi. 

The  other  two  Sorts  are  Annmils, 
uid  therefore  only  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  ripen  vtry  well  in  this 
Coantry.The  Time  for  fowing  them 
i>  early  in  March,  in  Beds  or  Bor* 
^  of  li^t  Earth,  which  will  come 
vp  hi  a  Month's  time,  and  may  then 
be  tranfplanted  into  Borders  to 
lower:  thefe  flower  in  Jwu^  and 
perfed  theb  Seeds  in  Augujt  or  Sep- 
tn^i  bat  as  diey  have  litde  Beau- 

Sh  Aej  are  not  often  kept  in  Gar- 
eat. 


CA 

CATAPUTIA  Majoa.  TiVd 
Ricinus. 

CATAPUTIA  M I K  0  a.  fiA 
Titbymalus. 

CATARIA,  Ctt-ndikt,  or  Ne- 
peta. 

The  Chara^ers  are; 

The  Leaws  are  Uke  ihofi  ef  thf 
Kettle,  or  Betony ;  are,  for  the  mofi 
part,  hoary,  and  of  a  ftronf  Scent : 
the  Flowers  are  colleQei  into  a  thick 
Sfike :  theCnft  of  the  Flower  is  i>oad 
and  bifid:  the  Lip  is  diwded  into  three 
Segments ;  the  nuddle  Segment  is  broody  . 
etnd  hollowed  like  a  Spoon,  i^  ele* 
gasuly  crenated  on  the  Edges :  each 
r lower  is  Jucceeded  by  four  naked 
Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 

I.  CATAaiA  major  nmlgaris^ 
Joum.    Common  large  Cat-mmt. 

a.  Cat  ARIA,  qmtnepeta,  minor, 
folio  melijfa  Turcic^t.  H,  Cath.  Let 
fer Catmint,  with  Leaves  likeTarijp 
Balm. 

3.  Cataria  aagufiifoliu  midof. 
Tonm.  Narrow-leaved  large  Cat- 
mint. 

4.  CaTARfA  Hifianica,  hetomcm 
foUo  angufiiori,  flore  ceeruleo,   Toum. 

Narrow -leavM   Sfanijb    Cat-min^ 
with  blue  Flowers. 

i;.  Cat KKi  A  ffi/pam*ca,   betofaca 
folio  angufiiori,   Jlore  albo.    Tourn,     ^ 
Narrow  •  leavM  SpanijSb  Cat-midtt 
with  white  Flowers. 

6.  Cataria  Lttjltanica  ereBa^ 
hetonica  foUo,  tnberofa  radice*  Tonm. 
Upright  Portugal  Cat-min^  with  i 
tuberofe  Root. 

7.  Cataria  Lufitanica  ereffa,  be*- 
tonics  folio,  fibrofa  radice,  Toum, 
Upright  Portugal  Ci^-mint,  with 
fibrofe  Roots. 

8.  C  a  T  A  R I A  Pninor  'Vulgaris, Tounu 
Common  fmall  Cat-mint. 

9.  Cataria  fu^e  Uorminum  Jpi* 
cat  urn,  lavendulee  faro  ^  odore,  Socc, 

T  t  Ga€« 


C  A  C  A 

^,^^-mmt  with  a  fj^ked  Fkiwtr;  liav-  were  tranfplantedy  and  the  lattor 

ing  a  Lavender-fcent.  nave  been  quite  defboyed,  when  the 

10.  Cataria  CrHics  .humilis  former  has  been  untouched:  which 
fcordiwies.    Cor.  Infi,     Dwarf  Qit-  verifies  the  old  Proverb ;   viz.  ^ 

mint  ,.pf   Crtti^   refembling  "Scor-  ^  .fit  it,  the  Cats  <will  $at  it ;  if 

dium. '  you,  fiw  it,  the  Cats  'w$tft  knvm  it, 

11.  Cataria    Cretica,   meliffa  ^The*  Cats   ufually   roll  thcmfelves 

fcli^^  M/phedeli    radice.     Cor,   Inft,  upon  the  Plant,  till  they  have  broken 

Ca(-niint  of  Crete^   with  a  Balm-  it  down;  then  they  gnaw  i^  and 

jfeaf,  and  an  Afphodel-rbot.  eat  the  Tops ;    which .  occaiions  a 

12.  Cataria  Orientalis,  teucrii  Sort  of  Drunken nefs :  afterward 
foliQ^  *  k'vendula  odwts  werticillis  they  tear  it  lo  Pieces  with  their 
Jlorum.cra£iJpms.  Cot^,  Infi.   Eaflem  Claws  ;  and  when  the  whole  Plant 

Cat-inint».  Y^ilth  a  Tree-germander-  is  defb-oyed^  they  will  roll  upon  the 

leaf  fmelling   like  Lavender^  and  Ground  till  they  have  fmoocbed  and 

Yery  thick  Spikes  of  Flowers.  .  preiTed  the^  Surface,  as  if  a  Roller 

All  thefe  Sorts  of  .Cac-^nint  are  had  paJJed  over  it. 
propagated  by  (owing  their  Seeds  in        The  other  Sorts  are  aifo  very 

F$hruary  or  Mftrcb^  in  Beds  or  Bor-  hardy,  and  may  be  propagated  in 

ders  "Of  common .  ^arth,   ^nd  ipay  the  4me  manner ;  bbt  require  a  dr)t 

1)e  tninfplanted  into  Beds  at' about  Soil  in  Winter,  otherwife  .they  are 

two' Feet  fquare  from  each 'other,  fubjedtorot.    The£e  all  ripen.their 

leaving  a  Path  between  every  Bed,  ^eed$  in  England  very  ..well;   and 

,and  an  Alley  of  three  Feet  to  go  altho*  there  is  no  great  Beauty  im 

between,  to  dear  them  from  Weeds,  them,  ^  yet,   for  Vafxety»   the  two 

fcfr.  .   .  Tbrtugal  %oxx»  may  have  a  Pkcc 

The  firft  Sort  mentionea  is  ufed  amongfl  Plants  of  the  loy/er  Clafsa 

in  Medicine :  this  may  alio  be  pro-^  wher^  if  they  are  kept  in  Compafs^ 

caga^ed  by  parting  the  Roots,. either  ^nd  ti^  up  tt>  Sticks,  thej;  will  m^ 

m  Spf  ing\or  Autumn,  and  will  grow  a  to)ef able  ^Ajppeara^ce  Tor  a  long 

in  almpft  any  Soil  or  Situation :  it  lime.     All  the  other  Sorts  are  pro- 

Hbwers  in  Junty  and  the  See^ls  are  per  Furniture  for  Botanic  Gardens; 

fipe  ia^tfjiv^.    This  Plant  grows  Dut  they  are  feldom  adioiited  inta 

wild  upon  dry  Banks  in  many  Parts  other. t^anlens. 
of ;£/i^/^y;    but  if  this  is^.tranf.        CATCH-FLY.    Vide  tychnis. 
planted  into  a  Garden,  the  Cat's'  will        CAT£S3.£A,  The  Lily-ibom. 

lurely  deftvoy  it,  unlefs  it  is  fenced  '       The  CJ^^ir^/rj  are ; 

rouiid  with  Thorns  to  prevent  tlicir  *  l^hfi  Bi^fufeJhwU    is   dtnndid  inf 

coming  to  it.     The  fame  Will  hup-  four  fmall  ^tgmtnts :  the  T^e^w^r  cesh' 

pen  to  thofe  Plants  which  arc  trauf-  ffis   of  one  Leaf   is  fmni^lfpape^, 

planted  from  oncPart  of  the  Garden  hfi'vin^  a^  ietylong  Tmhei^  w^icB  is 

to  the  other';  and  at  the  Tame. tiflie^  narro^^i tiia  at  Sottom^.hut  hnr^ 

thofe  Plants  which  have. colnc  up  geraiid{ thicker. ufm:ard:  i/hfT^ip, 

from  Seeds,  which  either  ;drq£p'd  diyidU\n$<i  four  Segments^  ^jy^qd 

qf  tbemfelyes,.  or  were  {own,  wilf  cpen:  jheTointalisfi^edi^tbeQtntre, 

remain  untouch'd  by  the  Ou,  as  I  of  thf  F/ower,  furrqundt^  hy  four 

have  frequently  obferved ;  and  many  Sun\ina :  the  Pointal  aften»ard  he- 

times  the  Seedh'ng-plants  have  grown  comes  an  oval  Berry ^  opening  in  one 

within   two  "Feet* of  ihoife  which  Cell,  incUfing  many  angular  Seeds- 

Wc 


C  A 

tTe  know  bat  one  Sfectes  of  this 
Genus;  'vix, 

Catesb^a.    Lin.  Gen,     Com-- 
monly  caHed  the  LHy-thorn. 

The  Name  of  this  Plant  was  given 
In  Honour  to  Mr.  Mark  Catefly, 
F.  R.  S.  who  brought  the  Seeds  of 
this  Plant,  with  many  other  curious 
SortSj  into  England^  from  the  Ba: 
hama  IJlands^  in  the  Year  17261 
from  which  Seeds  there  were  many 
Plants  raifed  in  the  Englijh  Gardens, 
fome  of  which  have  produced  their 
beautiful  Flowers.  Mr.  Catrjhj  met 
with  this  fine  Shrub  growing  near 
KaJfau'T(ywi7y  in  the  Illand  of  Pro* 
vidince^  where  it  grew  about  four- 
teen Feet  high,  having  many  long 
Thorns  upon  the  Branches,  which 
come  out  by  Pairs,  at  the  Wings  of 
the  Leaves.  The  Leaves  are  pro- 
duced irregularly,  in  Cluders ;  and 
are  like  thofe  of  the  Box-tree,  but 
fmallcr.  The  Flowers  are  tubulous, 
of  a  yellow  Colour,  about  fix  Inches 
tn  Length,  and  hang  downward^  and 
are  produced  fingly  :  thefe  are 
ftapcd  like  a  Trumpet.  The  Fruit 
is  of  an  oval  Figure,  and  the  Size 
of  a  PulIet^s  Egg ;  having  a  Pulp 
fike  that  of  a  ripe  Apple,  of  an, 
agreeable  tart  Flavour  :  the  Middle 
of  the  Fruit  is  hollow,  concainiog 
many  ixnall  triangular  Seeds. 

This  Plant  is  very  rare  in  England 
ttprefent;  mod  of  the  Plants  which 
were  raifed  from  the  Seeds  which 
Mr.  CatrjBy  brought  over,  having 
been  loft;  and  there  has  been  no 
Supply  of  Seeds  fince  that  Time. 
It  is  a  tender  Plant,  and  requires  a 
good  Stove  to  keep  it  through  the 
winter  in  this  Country.  In  the 
Summer- feafon  the  Plants  (hould 
have  a  large  Share  of  free  Air ;  but 
Acjr  will  not  bear  to  be  wholly  e;^-" 
pofed  cycn  at  that  Scafon.  This 
Plant  is  propagated  by  Scedsj  which 
l&oft  be  procuJted  from  thb  S'aH^ama 


C  E 


«  %  * 


Iflands,  and  (hould  be  fown  in  the 
Spring  of  the  Year,  upon  a  good 
Hot-beds  and  the  Plants,  when  they 
are  come  up,  mufl  be  treated  in  the 
fame  manner  as  is  directed  fos  othesr 
tender  Exotic  Plants. 

CAUCALIS,  Baftard-parfley. 

This  is  one  of  the  umbelliferous 
Plants,  with  oblong,  Seeds,  which 
are  a  little  furrowed  and  prickly; 
the  Petakof  the  Flower  are  unequal, 
and  heart-  fhaped .    . 

There  are  feveral  Species  of  thia 
Plant  preferved  in  the  Botanic.  Gar- 
dens ;  but  as  there  is  no  great  Beauty 
or  Ufe  in  any  of  them,  I  fhall  pais 
them  over  with  only  obferving,  that 
if  any  Perfon  hath  a  mind  to  culti- 
vate them,  the  b  ft  Seafon  to  (ovf 
their  Seeds  is  in  Autumn,  foon  after 
they  are  ripe :  for  if  their  Seeds  are 
kept  till  Spring,  they  feldom  pro- 
duce ripe  Seeds  again :  they  are 
mod  of  them  biennial,  and  require 
to  be  fown  every  other  Year..  We 
have  five  or  fix  Species  of  them* 
which  grow  wild  in  England, 

CEDAR  of  BERMUDAS.  rid$ 
Juniperus. 

CEDAR  of  CAROLINA.  Fidi 
Juniperus. 

CEDAR  of  Jamaica,  ^iVf  Giia-' 
zuma. 

CEDAR  of  LIB  ANUS.  Hdg 
Larix. 

CEDAR  of  LYCIA,  Fidi  Ju- 
nipems. 

CEDAR  of  PHOENICIA.  Fufe 
Juniperus. 

CEDAR  of  VIRGINIA^  HA 
Juniperus. 

CEIBA,  Silk  Cotton- tree,  vu/gff» 
The  CharaSirs  arc ;  . 

It  bqth  a  ,rofacto^i  Flower y  tm» 
Jtfting  of  finferallteaves  flaced in  a 
circular  Order  ;  from  <whofi  Calyx 
arif$s  the  Pointal,  vobt^b,  a/t^rvnard^ 
becomes' a  Fruit  Jbaped  like  a  Bottle^* 
dtHndid^iito  Jiv4  fiarti' from  tbeTof' 

T3.  t. 


CE 

f§  thi  tdiiomi  in  mjhich  mn  r0«- 
taintd  fcverml  ftuttdS$eds^  Kvraffed 
up  $9  a  fift  D^njtm,  stmt  fajten^d  t9 
tbi  five-C9nur*d  fyrmmidal  riacenta, 

Tbe  Species  are ; 
'    t.  Ceiba   wiieis  foliiif  caudiet 
mtuleato.    Plum,  N^v,  Gen.      The 
Silk  Cotton  -  tree,   with  a  thorny 
Stem. 

2.  Cbiba  vitidr  filiis,  emuSce 
fkbro.  Plum,  Nov.  Gin.  The  Silk 
Cotfon-tree,  with  a  fmooth  Stem. 

Tbefc  two  Trees  grow  very  plen- 
tifally  bodi  in  the  Enjl  and  It^- 
Indies^  where  they  arrive  to  a  pro- 
digious Magnitude:  the  Weft-ln' 
Mans  hollow  the  Tmnks  of  thefe 
Trees  for  making  their  Canoes,  for 
whidi  diey  are  chiefly  valued. 

It  is  reported,  that  in  the  Idand 
cFCuia,  in  Columbus* t  firfi  Voyage, 
was  feen  a  Ctnoe  made  of  an  hol- 
lowed Trunk  of  one  of  thefe  Trees, 
which  was  ninety-five  Palms  long, 
and  capable  of  containing  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  Men.  And  fome 
modem  Writers  have  affirmed,  that 
there  are  Trees  now  growing  in  the 
Wofilndits  fo  lafgie,  as  fcarcely  to 
fae  fathomM  by  futeen  Men,  and  {o 
high,  that  an  Arrow  can  fcarcely  be 
ihot  to  their  Tops. 

The  Wool  of  thefe  Trees  is  of  a 
dark  Colour,  and  too  ihort  to  fpin ; 
fo  that  It  is  little  valued:  but  feme* 
times  the  Inhabitants  ftuff  Beds  and 
Pillows  with  it,  tho*  it  is  accounted 
unwholfome  to  lie  upon.  The  In- 
habitants of  the  Wefi  Indies  call  this 
Slilk- cottons  but  the  antient  Awe- 
fieoK  Name  for  this  Plant  being 
Ceiba,  FMih^Plumier  hath  continued 
It  under  that  Name,  and  conftituted 
t  Genus  for  it. 

Thefe  Plants  ane  preferved  in 
fome  curious  Gardens  in  Europe^ 
where  they  thrive  very  *well,  if 
placed  in  a  fiark-fiove ;  bnt  as  they 
jU'cTr^s  of.  a  large  Growth,  it  can 


C  E 

hardly  be  expe£Ud  to  fee  either  Fruit 
or  Flowers  nom  them  in  Englmmdi 
fince  thev  grow  to  a  great  M^ni- 
tude,  before  they  produce  either  in 
their  own  Coontry. 

Thefe  Planu  may  be  raifed  from 
Seeds,  which  are  eafily  obtained  from 
the  Wtfi'Indies  :  they  muft  be  fown 
on  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the  Spring ; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up, 
they  muft  be  each  tranfplantcd  into 
a  fmall  Pot  filled  with  freih  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed 
of  Tanners  Bark;  obferving  to  water 
andlhade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Root ;  after  which  they  muft  have 
free  Air  let  into  the  Hot-bed,  in 
proportion  to  the  Warmth  of  the 
Seafon ;  for  if  the  Glafles  are  kept 
too  clofe,  the  Plants  will  draw  up 
too  weak.  In  aMonth  or  five  Weeks 
time,  thefe  fmall  Pots  will  be  filled 
with  the  Roots  of  the  Plants ;  there* 
fore  you  muftfhake  the  Plants  out 
of  them ;  and  after  having  pared  oS 
the  outfide  Roots,  they  muft  be  put 
into  Pots  a  Size  larger,  and  plunged 
again  into  the  Hot-bed  ;  obferving 
to  manage  them  as  was  before  di- 
re£ted.    When  the  Planu  are  grown 
too  tall  to  remain  in  the  Hot-bed, 
they  muft  be  removed  into  the  Bark- 
ftove ;  where,  during  the  Summer- 
feafon,    they  fhould  have  a  large 
Share  of  frefh  Air ;  but  in  Winter 
they  mull  be  kept  pretty  clofe ;  and 
as  the  Plants  increafe  in  Magnitude, 
they  ihould  be  fliifted  into  largier 
Pots,    that  their  Roots  may  have 
room  to  extend.     If  thefe  Rules  be 
duly  obferved,    the  Plants  will,  in 
two  or  three  Years,  arrive  to  tbe 
Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet,  and 
be  proportionably  ftrong;  and  be- 
ing placed  among  other  Plants,  which 
require  th^  fame  Degree  of  Heat» 
they  add  to  the  Variety. 

There  are  fome  other  Sorts  of 
tbi|  f  ^  iA  i\\p  Spani^  Settlements 


C  E 

^  Jmerica  T  amd  I  hsv«  rttM  One 
fat,  wbkli  came  from  Sum,  whofe 
Leaves  lelimibM  tfaofe  of  Marlh- 
JMlbw;  bm  theBown  and  Seeds 
were  exadly  the  (ame  as  of  the  com- 
aoB  Sorts.  Thoie  Pbdsp  whicE  I 
lecetved  from  Pamma,  were  of  a 
diibent  Figure  from  the  common 
Sons;  as  was  the  Down  alibi  for 
that  was  in  one  of  a  purple  G>lottry 
and  the  other  was  of  a  dark-ied. 
The  Down  of  both  theie  Sorts  is^ 
hf  the  Inhabitanti  of  thofe  Coan- 
im«»  wroaght  into  Garments  9  and 
they  fctab  their  original  Cotoar,  fo 
that  they  are  never  dyed. 

There  are  fome  other  Kinds  of 
this  Tree  in  the  Eafi^LuHes,  which 
anke  a  more  bcautifai  Appearance 
Aan  either  of  the  Amtrican  Sorts  : 
one  of  thde  is  now  growing  in  his 
Grace  the  Dake  of  Ricbmiurt  Gar- 
dan  u  Gi9Qihiimd  I  which  is  above 
twelve  Feet  higbt  and  the  Lfavei 
grow  regularly  round  the  Stem» 
epon  very  long  Pootialks ;  and  the 
Leaves  ate  large,  deeply  divided  into 
leven  or  eight  Farts » and  are  fmo6th» 
ofa  fine  Ihining-green  Colour :  ijie 
Stem  of  this  £)rt  is  very  fmooth, 
and  the  whole  Plant  makes  a  fine 
Appearance  in  the  Stove.  All  thefe 
Sons  reqoire  the  (ame  Degree  of 
Hdit  to  preferve  them  in  Winter,  as 
thofe  which  are  Natives  of  America, 
and  will  fucoeed  with  the  fame  Cnl- 
tare. 

CELASTRUS,  The  Staff-tree. 
The  Cbmraa§n  are ; 

Tht  Emfmlimimt  cwfifts  9ftm  Leaf, 
tmi  ai  tbg  Top  into  Jinjiral  wtequal 
Sigwumis:  tbt  Flawer  cmififts  of  five 
Ltanes,  twbieb  are  efoal^Jpreadepen, 
ami  rtfiexed:  the  Pointai  is  fmall, 
amd  finuaed  in  the  Beitom  ef  the 
Fiewer,  aittaded  iy  five  Stamina: 
the  Peimtal  after^ooard  he  terns  a  Caf* 
fide  tewered  with  a  red  Fikmenf, 


c  te 

dMded  into  three  CeUt,  emch  con" 
taining  one  hard'Seed, 
The  Species  vti 

1.  CiLASTavs  inermis,folHt  ovd* 
tisfiirratis  trinerviis,  racends  exfiem^ 
mis  a/is  Impffimis,  Un,  Bert,  CMjf, 
Smooth  Staff- tree,  with  oval  (awed 
Leaves,  having  three  Ribs,  and 
Spikes  of  Flowers  growing  on  M 
Tops  of  the  Branches. 

2.  Cblastrvs    rannt    teretftng, 
fpimj  nudis,  foiiis  mentis,   tin.  Hort. 

Cliff,  Staff-tree  with  taper  Brancbcsy 
naked  Spines,  and  pointed  Leaves. 

3.  Celastrus  inermis,  foiiis  ova* 
its  rngefis  minime  ferrafis,  canir  ow- 
hiik.  Smooth  Soiff-tree,  with  oval 
rough  Leaves^  which  are  flightly 
(awed  on  their  Bdges^  and  a  clinging 
Stalk. 

4.  CELASTRt7i    ramit  angnlefis, 

f^ms  foiiofis  foiiis  ohtmfit.   Un,  Hort, 

Oiff,  Prickly  Staff-tree,  with  angular 

Branchesv  Leaves  growing  out  of 

the  Spines,  and  blunt  Leaves. 

5.  CSLASTRVS  intrmis,  foiiis  ietn- 
cetJafis,  ehtnfe  ferratis,  petioUt  ap* 
pendicniatis,  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff  Smooth 
Staff-tree,  with  fpearihaped  Leaves , 
bluntly  fawed,  and  fmall  Appen* 
dages  to  the  Footiklks. 

This  Name  of  Celafims  was  for- 
merly applied  to  one  of  the  Sorts 
of  Alatemus  %  but  Tit.  Unwous  has 
conftitnted  a  Genas  by  that  Name, 
to  which  he  has  brought  feveral 
Plants  which  agree  in  their  cha* 
radieriftic  Notes,  which  were  before 
put  into  feveral  Genera. 

The  firft  Sort  here  mentioned  is 
a  Native  of  the  Northern  Parts  of 
Anuricet,  from  whence  it  hath  been 
introduced  into  the  Engli^  Gardens ; 
where  it  thrives  extremely  well,  and 
bears  the  open  Air  in  Winter.  This 
growc  to  be  about  five  or  fix  Feet 
high,  and  generally  fends  oat  Bran- 
ches very  regularly^  fo  as  to  fon% 
T  4  an 


kn  handfome  Head ;  at  the  Extxtr 
xnity  of  every  Branch  h  put  forth  a 
Spike  or  Cluiler  of  white  Flowers, 
~which'blow  in  yufy^  and,  during 
their  Continuapce,  the  whole  Shrob 
ieems  covered  with  Flowers;  which 
makes  a  very  fine  Appiearance,  and 
defenres  a  Place  in  every  curious 
Garden.  This  S<^t  has  never  yet 
perfeded  Seeds  in  England'^  but  is 
prppagated-  by  Layers,  when  the 
&eds  cannot  be  obtained  from 
abroad.  It  wa«-  formerly  placed  in 
the  Genus  of  Eupnymus,  or  Spindle- 


The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
ths  Cape  of  Good  Hope :  this  will  not 
live  in  the  open  Air  in  England  % 
therefore  is  kept  in  Pots,  and  houfed 
in  a  common  Green-houfe  in  Win- 
ter; This  will  grow  to  the  Height 
of  fix  or  fevea  Feet,  and  may  be 
trained  up  to  a  regular  Stem  ;  and, 
as  it  is  an  £ver-green,  will  make  a 
pretty  Variety  in  Winter,  efpecially 
ivhen  it  comc»  to  bear  Fruit  i  which 
are  pretty  large,  and  of  a  fine 
Ted  Colour  ;  and,  ripening  in 
Winter,  they  make  a  fine  Appear* 
ance,  being  intermixed  with  the 
green  Leaves.  This  is  propagated 
hy  laying  down  the  Side-branches, 
vrhich,  in  one  Year,  will  have  taken 
jRoot.  The  bell  Seafon  for  making 
theie  Layers  is  in  the  Month  of  Sep- 
tembir :  it  may  alfo  be  propagated 
by  Cuttings,  wliich  fljould  be  planted 
in  July^  and  mull  be  fcrcencd  from 
the  Sun  in  hot  Weather :  thefe  Cut- 
tings wi}l  be  a  whole  Year  before 
they  will  have  made  Roots  flrong 
enough  to  tranfplant.  Sometimes 
the  Fruit  will  ripen  fo  well,  as  to 
grows  but  thefe  Seeds  will  not  come 
up  the  firH  Year*  therefore  the  Pots 
in  which  the  Seeds  are  fown.  mnfl 
be  flieltered  the  following  Winter, 
and  plunged  into  a  moderate  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring ;  whieh  will  bring 
up  the  Plants.    Thefe  Plants  may 


C  E 

ht  expofed  in  Summer,  witb-Myr- 
tles^  and  other  hardy  Green-houfe 
Plams;  and  may  be  treated  in  the 
fame  manner  with  thofe.  This  was 
called  Lycium  ^thiopicom,  i^c. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
Virginia  and  Carolina^  from  whence 
the  Seeds  have  been  brought  into 
England,  This,  being  a  ytry  hardy 
Plant,  will  thrive  in  the  open  Air, 
and  is  not  injured  by  Froft:  it  hath 
a  climbing  Sulk,  and  will  twine 
about  any  of  the  neighbouring  Trees, 
and  mount  to  a  confiderable  Height. 
It  produces  it$  Flowers  from  the 
Wings  of  the  Leaves,  which  aie 
produced  in  fmall  Bunches,  and  are 
of  an  herbaceous .  Colour  :  thefe 
come  out  in  Jmne^  and  are  facceedcd 
by  the  Fruit ;  which  has  a  foft  pulpf 
Cover,  of  a  Red,  or  Orange-coloar, 
which  opens  into  three  Cells,  each 
having  one  ilony  Seed.  Thefe  Fruit 
are  ripe  in  OSober^  but  will  con- 
tinue a  Month  or  fix  Weeks ;  during 
which  time  they  make  an  handfome 
Appearance.  This  may  be  propa- 
gated by  laying  down  the  Branches 
at  Micbailmas ;  which  will  have 
taken  Root  by  that  tinie  Twelve- 
month, and  may  then  be  tranfplant* 
ed  out,  where  they  are  defig^ned  to 
remain :  they  wiU  alfo  produce 
Suckers,  which  may  be  taken  off 
with  good  Roots.  The  Seeds  of 
this  Plant  will  remain  a  whole  Year 
in  the  Ground ;  fo  that  when  it  is 
propagated  that  way,  the  Ground 
mult  remain  undiilurbed  till  the 
Plants  come  up.  When  thefe  Plams 
are  not  planted  near  Trees,  to  which 
they  may  twine^  there  (hottkl  be 
large  Poles  fixed  in  the  Ground  by 
them,  that  they  may  twine  round, 
to  be  fupported,  otherwife  they  will 
trail  upon  the  Ground,  and  become 
unfightly :  this  is  called  Climbing 
Euonymus. . 

The  fourth  and  fiflh  Sorts  are 
Natives  of  the  Capi  of  GoodHtpe: 

thefe 


C  E 

.cWe  will  not  IWe  thro'  the  Winter 
intkc  o^tn  AiT  in  Smgian J:  but  they 
Mit  always  hoofed  in  Winter  with 
the  hardieft  of  the  Green  -  houfe 
Plants,  and  may  be  treated  accord- 
ingly. The  fourth  Sort  is  a  low 
boihy  Shrub,  fddom  rifing  above 
three  Feet  high  in  this  Country: 
this  produces  Cluilers  of  white 
Flowers,  at  the  Extremity  of  all  the 
Blanches;  fo  makes  an  handfome 
i^Ppearaace  dnringthe  Continuance 
of  the  Flowers.  The  Leaves  con- 
tiaae  green  all  the  Winter ;  but  the 
Plant  is  not  very  thick  cloathed  with 
tiiem:  thefe  Leaves  bear  a  great 
Refemblance,  in  their  Shape,  to 
thofe  of  the  Barberry-tree,  but  are 
■ot  quite  fo  large.  This  Sort  is 
propagated  from  Suckers,  and  by 
Layers  :  but  as  thefe  Plants  do  not 
fend  forth  many  Suckers,  and  the 
Lqrers  being  two  Years  in  making 
Roots,  thefe  Plants  are  not  very 
common  in  the  Engiijb  Gardens. 

The  fifth  Sort  has  been  long  in 
the  Gardens,  and  is  better  known 
by  the  former  Name  than  this,  which 
has  been  lately  added  to  it.    The 
old  Name  is  Alatemoiits  Jfrttana^ 
lauri  firrati  folh.     But  this  agree- 
ing with  the  other  Plants  of  this 
GeoQs,    in  its   Flower  and   Fruit, 
Dr.  Uunttus  has  joined  it  to  them. 
This  Sort  will  grow  to  the  Height 
often  or  twelve  Feet ;  the  Branches 
are  weak  and  ftraggliog,  and  the 
Flowers  fmall,  and  of  an  herbaceous 
Colour^  therefore  doth   not  make 
moch  Shew:  i>ut  as  it  is  an  Ever- 
green, many  People  allow  a  Plant 
or  two  to  have  Place  in  their  Green-' 
hooib.  It  may  be  eafily  propagated 
hy  Cuttings,  during  any  of  theSum- 
lACr-months ;    which  need  no  Care 
but  to  p]attt  them  in  a  ibady  Border, 
ud  water  them  in  dry  Weather. 

CELERY,  ox  SALARY.    Fith 
fpiwn. 


C  E 

CELSIA.  This  Name  war  giirtfi 
to  this  Plant  in  Honour  to  Dr.  OAa«« 
CelfittSj  Profisfibr  of  Philofophy  and 
Theology  in  the  Univerfity  of  UffM 
in  Stwiden^  by  Dr.  Umutus^  Wo 
have  no  Engiijh  Name  for  it. 
The  ChmtaGers  are ; 

ne  EmfaUment  of  thg  Fknoer  h  . 
cut  into  Jivi  ohufe  Segmints :  tbtt 
Flovoer  confifts  of  one  Leaf  fwhich  if 
CMt  into  ^i  Part  f^  andexfofuhin  a 
circular  Ordir^  honing  a  «very  fl^oH 
Tubo:  in  the  Centrt  of  tbi  Flonnsr 
areplmcedfour^tSiVDAii%^tfwoof*ujbiib 
art  longer  thorn  the  other:  the  Ovary ^ 
nvhich  is  fixed  in  the  Centre  of  the 
Empalementf  aftemnard  becomes  a 
rotmdPod^  ofening  in  twoCel/Sy  and 
filled  with  fmall  Seeds, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  s  which  is^ 

C  ELS  I A  foliis  ditpJicatO'pinnatis. 
Un.  Hart.  Giff,  Celfia  with  double 
pinnated  Leaves. 

This  Plant  it  ranged  in  the  Genus 
of  Mullein  by  Toumefort  and  Boer* 
baafve^  by  the  Title  of  Verhafcum 
Oricntalcy  fopbi^  folio^   or  Baflem 
Mullein,  with  a  Flix-weed-leaf ; 
but  Dr.  LinmtMis  has  feparated  it  from 
that  Genus,  on  account  of  theNum<* 
ber  andPoiitionof  the^/tfMi>tf,  the 
Flowers  of  Verbafcum.  having  five 
declined  Stamina  of  equal  Length, 
whereas  this  has  but  four,  two  oJF  - 
which  are  longer  thsn  the  other^ 
which,  by  the  charadleriflic  Notes  • 
of  his  Method, .  removes  them  to  a- 
great  Diftance  from  each  other. 

It  is  an  annual  Plant,  which  com- 
mooly  fucceeds  better,  if  theSeedt 
are  fown  in  Jugufi,  loon  after  they 
are  ripe»wthan  when  they  are  kept 
till  theSpxIng?  for  the  Seeds  ^vhsch 
are  then  fown  freqoendy  remain  in 
the  Ground  till  the  following  Spnnr^ 
before  they  come  up.:  .thefoSceSi 
ihould  be  fown  upon .  an  lipen  Bor« 
der>  wh(ttt  they  ^e  to  reniaixHf  '^^ 

require- 


C  E  C  E 

99faim  M  echar  Oiltdr^  but  to  niM.    The  Iccoml  Sort,,  dio'  t 

iKM^t)i€m  dflv  froiB  Weedi.  ,.  Native  of  Emttfe,  yet  »  Ids  coa^ 

CELTIS»  The  Loce  or  Nettle-  jhob  m  England  thu  cIk  formei^ 

flee.  Aod  obIjt  to  he  leen  io  §oamt  corien 

The  Charaffirs  ere;  ColtcaMNu  of  Tvees,  particaUiljr  k 

n»  £m9#/   tfrv  fomt^hat   like  the  Qardeot  of  the  late  Dr.  V^mdnk 

fhji  §f  the  Nitik:  the  Fbwers  com-  at  EuJUU^  where  there  is  que  brp 

^  rf  five  LemfiSf  mkieb  tare  ex-  Tree  remainiag :   and  of  lace  thm 

fmded  tm  ferm  rf  a  Refe^  eetttmning  have  been  fome  yoang  Plastt  6i  thii 

mmief  ^t  Stamtna,  w  Tkremeb^  in  Kind  ndftd  from  the  Seeds  which 

ike  Mefm  :  ibe  frmt  grows  fingk  hare  been  procmcd  from  Abroad ; 

m  ike  Be/em  ef  it$  Leames^  'wkick  it  this  Sort  is  very  oommon  in  Anfy, 

eewmindijk  Berry.  ^p^f  And  tikewife   in  the  Sood 

The  SfecieM  aies  of  Frmnee :  die  Berries  of  this  Sort 

1*  CiLTis  frm&M  ekfcure  feerfm*  are  larger  than  thofe  of  the  other 

rmfeetiie.  Teum.  The  dark  porpliih^  Kinds,  and  are  of  a  fluning  black 

fraited  Lote  or  Nettle-tree.  Colour :  the  Leaves  are  longer  and 

a.  Cult i9/htSM9igricante.Teanh  narrower  than  tboTe  of  the  firftSort; 

The  Nettle-tree  widi  bhu:k  Frait.  but,  in  other  rtigtSts,  rtrj 


%.  CatTis  fruOu  Intee  mmpHmri.  that. 
The  Netde-aee  with  large  yellow        The  third  Sort  is  probably  aNa- 

Ffoit.  tiveofifjNmMalfo:  this  Tree  hidi 

4.  CuLTis  OriemiaKsf  fiUn  mm*  been  nuuiy  Years  glowing  in  De" 


/£er/,  meigne  fruBeu  T.  Cer.    The  nfen/kire^    where  are  feveral  large 

Eaten  Lote  or  Nettle-tree,  with  ones,  which   have   produced  lipe 

lai^er  Leaves  and  Fruit.  Seeds,   from  whenoe  the  Gardcrn 

$.  CiLTis  OrientmRi  mimer^  Jetrn  near  Ita^  were  fuppiied  with  young 

mimrilmt  &  eraJSeribus^fruBrnJUmm*  Pfamtt. 

T.  Cer.    Smaller  Lote  or  Nettle-        The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  were 

tree^  with  fmaller  and  thicker  Leaves,  difeovered  by  Dr.  fenrmefirt  in  his 

and  yellow  Fruit.  Travels,  who  fcnt  their  Fruits  to 

6.  CiLTis  Ameriemna^  fiSe  citri  the  Royal  Garden  at  Pmris  ;  where 

f&itne  muree^  fruStu  rukre.   PUm.  they  were  raifed,   and  have  heea 

Amerieem  Lote  or  Netde-tree,  with  finee  diftributed  to  many  corions 

a  Citron-leaf,  and  a  red  Fruit.  Gardens  in  Eurefe,     Thefe  two 

The  firft  of  thefe  Trees  was  ori-  Sorts  are  u  hardy  as  thofe  befere^ 

^aally  brought  from  VtrgmiM  i  but  mentioned,  ibthat  they  will  endaie 

|s  found  to  thrive  ^etrf  well  in  our  the  fliarpeft  Winters  in  the  open 

Climate,  there  being  feveral  large  Air,  efnedally  when  they  have  eo 

Trees  of  this  Kind  in  the  Gardens  of  quired  (uAdent  Streaoth  a  feraisay 

tcofiotts  Planters,    but  particolarly  of  thefe  Trees  may  nifier  by  CoU, 

one  in  the  Ganden  which  formerly  when  they  are  young,  tho*afrerwsrf 

belonged    to   Jekm   fmdefcaut  at  diey  are  capable  of  refitting  the  fe- 

Setuk  -  Inmkeik,  near  Fauxkail  in  vereft  Cold  of  this  Country. 
Smrey^  and  another  in  the  Pkjjie'       Thefe  are  all  of  them  very  harly, 

g^dm  at  Cbeffm,  both  which  are  enduring  the  fevereft  of  our  Winters 

large  Trees,  and  the  latter  produces  in  Engiemd  very  well,  and  grow  10 

ripe  Fmil  ananally,  from  whence  be laige Trees :  they  maybe  pro- 

foveril  young  Txees  have  been  pagat^  either  from  Layers,  or  ^  \ 

Sccdi: 


CE 

iitk:  tlie  Layers. aie  commonly 
two  Y^s  before  they  take  Root 
fiificicot  far  tiaiii)plaiiung  i  and  if 
tficy  are  not  freqoflDtly  waiered,  will 
nidy  take  Root.  The  beft  time 
{or  tiaoljplantt]U|;  thefe  Trees  is  in 
lUrfh^  joft  betae  tbey  begin  to 
pot  ottty  obferving  to  mplch  their 

tbey  liave  taken  Root.  This  Tree 
ieemr  to  thrive  beS  upon  a  moift 
Soil,  the'  it  will  grow  toleraU^ 
wdl  opon  almofi  any  Soil,  when  it 
b  wdl  fixed  therein. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Tree  flkonld 
be  Iowa  in  the  Spring  of  the  Year, 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  which  is 
commonly  in  JmmAty^  and  the 
Gioond  kept  clair  from  Weeds,  bat 
not  ftirredj  for  the  Seeds  feUom 
appear  before  the  feeond  Spring: 
tfacrcfore  the  beft  Method  is,  to  (oW 
them  in  Boxes,  and  manage  them  as 
was  direaed  for  the  Berry-bearing 
Cedar;  towhidi  Irefer  theReader^ 
to  avoid  Repetition. 

Thefe  Trees  are  very  ufeful  in 
forming  Clumps,  or  for  plantiif  of 
Ampldcheatres  of  various  Kinds  of 
deddttoos  Trees;  for  the  Heads  of 
thefe  naturally  grow  very  thick  and 
T^alar,  and  their  Leaf  is  of  adeep 
pkaiant  green  Colour,  making  a 
very  good  Diverfity  among  other 
Xinds :  and  altho'  it  is  none  of  the 
cartieft  Trees  in  putting  out  in  the 
Spring  of  the  Year,  yet  it  recom- 
penfeth  for  this  De&d,  by  its  long 
Continuance  in  Autumn,  retaining 
its  Leaves  in  perfed  Vigour,  when 
few  other  deciduous  Trees  have  any 
Leaves  left  upon  them. 

The  iixth  Sort  was  difcovered  by 
Father  FUmier  in  Amerna :  this  it 
^  tender  Plant,  and  will  not  live 
out  of  a  Stove  in  this  Country.  It 
tpoLy  \^  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
jDuft  be'  prpcured  from  the  fP'tfi- 
biiui  for  it  hadi  never  produced 


C  E 

Fruit  in  £mar.-  die  Seeds  Ihoalt 
be  fown  in  Fbts  filed  with  lig|» 
freih  Earth,  an4  thesi  plopged  wm 
an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark :  thdo 
Pots  mnft  be  eonisndy  ijmmrsd,  uA 
in  the  Middle  of  the  Day^  whmi 
the  Weather  is  mild,  theGbffeser 
Che  Hot-bed  ihonU  be  raiied  to  ad« 
mit  frefli  Air,  and  tp  let  the  Steam 
of  the  Bed  pafs  off.  When  the 
PlaAts  are  come  ap  about  two  lachci 
high»  they  ihould  be  each  tran& 
planted  into  a  ieperate .  fmall  Pot 
filled  wkh  frdh  light  Earth,  and 
plunged  again  into  the  Hot-bed^ 
obfiervingto  fliade  the  Glaffes  everf 
Day,  nntil  the  Phmts  hav^  take* 
Root}  as  alfo  to  water  them  dnly« 
as  you  perceive  the  Earth  to  dry. 
Doling  the  Heat  of  Summer,  the 
Plants  muft  have  a  large  Share  of 
frefli  Air  every  Day;  ont  at  Mi* 
cbmlmmt  th^  muft  be  removed  into 
the  Bark*Aovep  and  managed  as  tho 
0>fibe-tree»  and  other  tender  Exotic 
Phmts;  where  they  will  thrive  very 
well;  and  having  ftrong  ihining 
Leaves,  will  make  an  agreeable  Va^ 
riety. 

The  Fruit  of  this  Tree  is  not  ta 
tempting  with  us^  as  is  .ftoried  it 
was  to  the  Companions  of  Uljiffis  p 
but  the  Wood  u  reckoned  to  be  of 
a  very  duralile  Nature,  and  is  earn* 
monly  nfed  to  make  Pipes,  and  other 
Wind-inftnunents.  Its  Root  is  very 
proper  to  make  Hafb  for  Knives, 
and  other  Tools ;  and  it  is  reported, 
that  they  were  held  in  great  Efteem 
by  die  Ramanu  for  theur  incompa- 
rable Beauty  and  Ufe. 

CBNTAURIUM  MAJU8,  The 
mater  CentauryT 

The  CbmroBirt  are; 

//  is  $tu  4fiii  Plantae  capitatae,  #r 
9/  thtfe  Pianis  nvbofe  Fuwrs  ar$ 
coUeBed  m/#  an  Remi^  as  the  TUftli^  '■ 
&e.  mud  bath  aftrtmriai  llo$t:  tbdr 
LuKitf  Are  'mib»ui  Sfims,  mtd  mr$ 


C  E 

ftpcdii  9H  their  Edges:   thi  Cup  of 
^$ '  Flvwer  is  fquamofe^  hut  has  no 
Spiues:    the  florets  are  hrge  and 
\^e€ibus,    ' 

'  I .  ■    5rhc  Speeies  are ;' 
r-  i.'CeNTAT7RiUM  mtjuSy  foUo  bs" 
Imii  tncano.  Toum.     Greater  Cen- 
.caury,  with  hoary  Leaves  like  thofe 
of  Elecampane. 

2.  Centaurium  foiio  cinartt. 
CorhMt.  Greater  Centaary,  with  Ar- 
tichoke-leaves. 

g.  Centaurium  mafns  Alpinum 
tuteum.  C,  B.  Greater  yellow  Cen- 
taary  of  the  Aips, 

4.  Cehtaurium  majuSf  filio  in 
lacinias  plures  M'uijb,  C.  B,  Greater 
Centaury,  with  cut  Leaves. 

5^  Centaurium  majus  alterum 
iaciniatum^  purpurafeente  Jlore,  H,  R. 
Par.  Another  cut-leav'd  Centaury, 
with  purpliih  Flowers. 

6.  Centaurium  majus  Oritntaie 
ire^um,  glafti  folio  yfiort  luieo,  ^.Cor, 
Greater  Eaftem  Centaury,  with 
Leaves  like  Woad,  and  yellow 
Flowers. 

•  7.  Centaurium  majus  Afri^ 
tanum  acaulon,  cinara  folio,  JuJJieu^ 
Greater  African  Centaury  without 
Stalks,  and  Leaves  like  the  Arti- 
choke. 

i  8.  Centaurium  majus^ fiHo  moUi 
mento  lacsuiatby  fore  aureo  magno, 
rmlyce^ino/o,  Boerb^  Ind,  Alt*  Greater 
Centaary,  with  a  woolly  Leaf  cut 
into  iharp  Segments,  a  large  yellow 
Flower,  and  prickly  Empalement. 

9.  Centaurium  majus  incanum 
hutnile,  capite  fini.  Inf.  R,  H.  Low 
hoary  greater  Centaury,  with  an 
Uiad  like  the  Cone  of  the  Pine- 
tree. 

10.  Centaurtuvi  mafus  Lufta- 
nioum  laciniatum-  lanuginofutis  burnt- 
Jiou.  Infi.R^H,  Low  greater  Ccn- 
t^uiy^  with  woolly  but  Ld^ns. 

.11.  Centaurium  m^jus  Lufit^ 
mUmit',  teronopifpligi  Mfi^  R*  H,  P^^ 


c  E 

tu^al  gitater  Cditaory,  with  an 
Hart's-hom-leaf. 

12..  Centaurium  mhjus  Vria- 
talc,  'uerbafci  foHo,  Inft.  R.  H.  Eaft- 
em  greater  Centaury,  with  a  Mul- 
lein-leaf. 

They  are  all  of  them  propagated 
either  by  fowing  their  Seeds;  or  part- 
ing their  Roots ;  the  latter  of  vdiich 
is  mod  cbmmonly  prad^ifed  in  Ei^' 
land,  their  Seeds  feldom  ripening  ia 
our  Country,  unlefs  the  Seafon  is 
very  favourable.  The  beft  Seafon 
for  this  Work  is  either  in  Offekt 
or  February. 

When  you  have  a  mind  to  in- 
creafe  any  of  thefe  Plants,  you  Ihouki 
open  the  Ground  about  their  Roots, 
and  clear  them  of  the  Earth :  then, 
where  you  find  any  of  the  Side- 
heads,  which  will  part  with  Roots 
to  them,  you  (honld  carefully  force 
them  off ;  which  when  you  hare 
done,  you  muft  lay  the  Earth  ap 
again  to  the  old  Plant;  fettling  it 
clofe  with  your  Hands ;  and  if  tbe 
Ground  is  dry^  give  it  a  little  Wa- 
ter :  and  having  prepared  a  proper 
Place  for  the  young  Plants,  which 
ihotiid  be  in  a  Tandy  loamy  Soil, 
and  a  warm  Situation,  you  may 
either  plant  them  in  Beds,  at  about 
a  Foot  fquare,  or  at  Diftances  in 
the  Borders  of  large  Gardens,  by 
way  of  Ornament ;  and  altho*  the 
Flowers  have  no  very  great  Beautv, 
yet  the  regular  Growth  of  the  Plants, 
together  with  their  long  Continaanoe 
in  Flower,  renden  them  worthy  of 
a  Place  in  all  large  Gardens. 

The  Seafon  for  fowing  the  Seeds 
of  any  of  thefe  Species  is  in  March, 
in  an  open  Bed  of  common  light 
Earth ;  and  in  May,  when  the  Rants 
are  come  up,  they  may  be  tranf- 
pldnted  into  Nurfcry-bcds  until  Mi* 
cbaelmas ;  by  which  time  they  will 
have  gotten  Strengdi  enough  to' 
rraniplant  into  any  other  Farts  of  die 

'   Garden 


CE  CE 

Garden  where  you  defigu  dteix\^to  JIfiH  eachctber:  theFlowiar^fta^^^ 

Temain.     .  ,  of  one  Leaf,  ,  is  fwmel'Jbf^^d^    ani 

The  third,  fixth,  feirenth,  eighth,'  dwiied  into  five  acute  SegmerUs  \ . 

tenths  ckv^thf  and  twelfth  Sorts  tbefegrow  on  the  7ops.of  the  Staiks 


are  moft  valuable  for  a  Pleafurc-  inCluftert:  tbeSeed-^ifel  w  of  ^^ 
gardefiy  as  being  lefs  futge£t  to  grow  cylindrical  form^  and  is .  £<uided  inf^, . 
rude  and  ungovernable  ;  ana  their,  fwo  CelJs,' in  njubicb  are  rfa^iaif^ 
Flowers  are  4}f  a  longDuij^tion.    many  fnfall  Seeds,         ^  I'  J',^ 

The  third  Sort  is  the  largeft  of  Ae  The  Species  are ;  !    "    ',    *  *   . 

dk«9  and  (hooki  be  planted  in  the      .  i.  Cbntaurium  mnsu.    C.  if/ 
Middle  of-  Ifu-ge  Borders^    where.   Common  lefier  Centaury.  , 
they  will  look  very  handfome;  hut         2.  C£ntaur.jiJm  tninus^fiore^ioii 
thefe  are  not  proper  for.  ifinan'Garr.  H  Eyft,.,.    L^fler   Ce"ntaury,\iYitk% 
dens,  where  they  will  take  .ijp  too    white  Flowers.  ',' 

much  Space  » .  for  when,  the  .Plants      .'  3.  Qis.HTi,vitiV}A.luteum  perfiHa*  • 
areifaron^  they  wijll  produce  grcj^C    turn*  CB.   LcSex  yellbw  Centaury, 
Numbers  of  firanches,^  which  will    with  Leaves  furrounding  the  Stalks*. 
fpread  wide»  and  graw.very^  taj/,        4.  Centavrium  minsu  mariti'-- 
fo  that  each  Plant  wul  ^require  at    numAmericanumjamplo  fiore  coefdeo^ , 
baft  three  or  four  Feet »  nor  ihould.   ^lum.  Cat,  American  Sea  lefler  Ceiw. 
they.^and  ne^r  other  Plants,  for    taury,  with  a  large  bl^e  I^lower. 
th^  will  oyer  -  bpar  ^nd  deibroy.       The  three  firil  plants  grow  wil4  i 
thou:    however,  in  large  Borders/   iQ  England:  the  iuft  is  commonly  • 
in  opcnWilderneis-quarters,   they,   found   growing   upon    dry  arable 
may.be  allowed  a  Pla^e,  for  their.  Land,  chiefly  among  Corn.     Th»: 
long  Continuance  in  Flower,  efp^-    fecond  is  a  Variety  of  the  hx%  from 
cia%  as  they  will  require  yefj  little,  which  It  only  differs  in  the  Colour  > 
Cultnre.  ^  -.  .  ♦  of  the  Flowers  this  is  fomecimcs*^ 

The  eighth  Sort  will  not  caoip.  found  with  the  jBril.  if'he  third  Sort 
fo  much  ^as  mofl  of  thf  others ;,  ict,  grows  commoiily  upon  chalky  Hills 
may  be  plafed  in  a  Flower-g^den.   .  in  divers  J?ahs6r£/r^/W;  but  nei- 

The  fourth  Sort  is  ufed  in  Me-    therof'thefe'E^iAds  care  tojgrowin^ 
didne,  aiul  therefore  defi^ry;^s  to  be.  a  Garden.     The  only  Meduxl  that 
cultivated  in  Phyfic-gardens ;  nor  i$    c^'n  be  taken  to  cultiyate.  thefe^  is 
it  onpleafaat  in  any  Garden,,    ^he    tofqw  th^Seec^as  foon  as  they^are^'' 
iA  and  fccond  .Sorts  ni9y>be  ^-.  ripe,  in  an  oj^.well-expbred  Places  1 
mitted  iot  a  Variety  in  I^ge.Gaji'.-  and  in  a  poor  dry  Soil,  with  which «« 
dens,  to  fill  empty  Borders,^  where    thefe  Plantf  ^aeree  :   nor  ihould  the\ 
the  Diffeience  of  their  Leaves  and(  young  Plants  be ,  removed,  if  they*:^ 
Flowers    will    appear    yexy   .well-   come  up,  but  fuffered' to  remain  in  . 
among    Plants   of   large  Growth,    the  fame  Places  for  good.    ThefirH* 
Thefe  Plana  begin  10  produce  their    Sort  i»  ufed  in  Medicine,  and  is  ^- 
Flowcrs  xtijune^  and  continue  moll .  thered  in  tlie  Fields,  and  biou^t^ta.^ 
Part  of  Julyi   but  very  rarelx  pro;-    Market  for  that  Purpofe. 
duce  ripe  Seeds  in  this  Country.  The  Seeds  of  the  fourth  Sort  wer^  « 

CENTAURIUM  MINUS,    {tXi\.ixom  La  Vera  Cruz,  bytbelatft^ 

Lefier  Cenuury.  Th.  William  Houjioun,  who  ^  found* 

The  Chara&ers  are ;  this  Plant  in  great  Plenty  upon  low  •, 

^he  Leaves  grow  by  Fairs,  oppo^    fwampy  Grounds,  where  the  Water  « 

fiagnatedy' 


CE 

wtffnnKtQt  at  u  srcBt  Difitnoc  ntMii 
die  Sol,  in  the  Country  aboat  Fira 
Ohm. 

Tins  Fhnt  may  be  propagated  by 
Stodty  which  ihoold  be  town  early 
hi  the  Sprhig  on  a  moderate  Hot- 
l>edt  and  when  die  Plants  are  come 
vp,  and  are  ftrone  enough  to  tranf- 
ptunt,  they  fiioda  be  each  pat  into 
a  iepantte  iinali  Pot  filled  with  light 
firefli  Barth,  and  phuxd  into  an  mt- 
bed  of  Tanners  j&rk,  fcreening  them 
fiMi  the  Sun,  until  they  have  taken 
new  Root ;  after  wkidi  time  they 
muft  have  a  large  Share  of  frdh  Air 
in  warm  Weather,  and  ihould  be  fre- 
qoendy  refreflied  with  Water.  Widi 
this  Management  the  Planu  will  pro* 
ditoe  their  beaudful  blue  Flowers  in 
A«t«mn  ;  and  if  they  are  removed 
into  die  Bark-ftove,  may  be  preferved 
through  the  Winter;  (o  that  the  fol- 
lowing Year  there  may  be  Hopes  of 
their  producing  ripe  ^eeds,  where- 
by the  Plant  may  be  preferved ;  for 
it  fddom  oontiaaes»  after  it  has  per- 
ftAed  Seeds. 

CENTINODIUM,  Knot-giafs. 

CBPA,  The  Onion. 
The  CiMtaSirt  are ; 

h  bMtb  am  Brhicular^  iutUd^  huU 
itft  Root :  tbi  Lemwes  tart  h$lh^  or 
ftff:  tht  &tmt^  is  alfi  Mkw^  and 
/ifeib  (mt  in  th  Middle :  tbi  FUw^ 
grSf  ^bicb  C9nfilt  •/  fix  liOVis^  «r# 
flhBtd  iut$  a  /fbirieal  Hiod^  9r  Cb^ 
fymbm:  tbi  S^U  of  tbi  Flewir  bo- 
€timis  a  ronndijb  Fruit,  wbicb  is  diw» 
did  into  tbra  CsUst  containing  round" 
ifb  Sods. 

The  Spiciis  are ; 

t.  Cap  A  oNonga.  C.B.  ThcStra/' 
horg  Onion,  vu/go. 

a.  Cbpa  vnigariSf  fioribms  (Sf  tu* 
nkis  purpura/antihus.  C.  B*  The 
red  Bftmijh  Onion,  nnJgo. 

3.  Cbpa  mnigerist  fioribus  ff  tu* 
Miiii  camBdis.  C.  B.  The  white  Sfos* 


C  E 

4«  CaPA  AJemlmem  UkttbioB, 
Boirb.  bd.  The  Scallion  or  Efod- 
lion. 

c.  Cbpa  fiBiBs  jtmdfiBm  ferta' 
ms.  M.  K    Gves. 

6.  Cbpa  feSiBs  nugor  ferenms, 
fFilJb  Oman,  tmlgo. 

7.  CzTA /jffUis  MattbioB.  Lfi 
Ciboule. 

There  are  feveral  other  Sorts  0^ 
Onions  of  lefler  Note,which  arene- 
ferved  in  the  Gardens  of  curious  Bo- 
tanifts,  fome  of  which  grow  wOd  it 
Bnglatd:  butthefe  above-mendoned 
are  die  Sorts  which  are  chiefly  cd- 
dvaced  for  Kitchen-ufe.  The  three 
Sorts  firft-mentioned  are  propagated 
for  Winter-ofe, :  their  Roots  bdog 
preferved  diy  during  that  Seafofi. 
Of  diefe  I  fhall  firft  treat. 

Thefe  three  Sorts  of  Onions  tre 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which  flioald 
be  fown  at  the  Latter-end  of  ft- 
bruary^  or  the  Beginning  of  tbrcb, 
on  good  rich  iandy  Ground  (botnot 
too  thick ;  the  common  Quanntjof 
Seed  allowed  to  fqw  oa  an  Acre  of 
Ground  being  eight  Pounds] :  ia 
about  a  Month  or  fix  Weeks  after 
{owing,  the  Onions  will  be  up  to- 
ward enough  to  hoe ;  at  which  dme 
(choofing  dry  Weather)  yon  IhoBid 
with  a  fmall  Hoe,  about  two  Indies 
and  an  half  broad,  cut  up  lighdy  sQ 
Che  Weeds  from  amongfl  the  Onions; 
cutting  out  alfo  the  Onions,  whet 
they  grow  too  dofe  in  Baocbes, 
leaving  them  at  this  firft  Hoeing  two 
Inches  apart.  This,  if  well  yx- 
formed,  and  in  a  dry  Seafon,  will 
preferve  the  Spot  dear  of  Weeds,  it 
leaft  a  Month  ;  at  which  time  70a 
niuft  hoe  them  over  a  (econd  time, 
cutting  up  all  the  Weeds,  as  l>efore^ 
and  alTo  cutting  out  the  Onions  to  i 
larger  Diftance»  leaving  them  du< 
time  three  Inches  afunder.    Tint 

alfoi  if  well  performed,  will  pre- 

fort 


C  E  C  B 

(art  the  Grouwl  dmn  ft  KAmdi  bcpatmatowwiUMHniOrCrowJi^ 

looker,  when  you  tmA  hoe  chcm  floor,  but  in  ft  Loft  or  Garvct  i  «ii 

orer  the  third  mi  laft  ciaie.  the  dofer  thejr  are  kept  IhMft  tte 

You  naft  now  cftrcfolly  cut  «p  Air,  the  better  they  wiU  keep.   Yw 

all  Weeds»  and  finek  oat  the  Onions  ihould,  atleafly  once  a  Moaik  look 

coaear  fiYeorfixIncheslquarei  by  over  them  to  fee  if  any  of  themme 

whack  meant  they  will  crow  mack  decayed;  which,  if  yoo  find,  mnft- 

harga  than  if  left  too  mk,    Tim  be  immediately  taken  awiiy,  other-* 

time  of  Hoeii^  if  the  Weather  wife  th^wiaia&6t«U  that  lie  near 

proves  dry,  and  it  is  well  performed*  them*  - 

will  keep  the  Gioand  clean  amil       The  bet  Onions  for  keeping  are 

the  Onions  are  fit  to  pull  up:  bet  if  the  ^i»«^(0irr^  Kind,which  is  anotal« ' 

the  Weather  ibonld  prove  au>ift,  and.  (htped  Bnlb ;  but  this  (Mom  gmas ' 

any  of  the  Weeds  4iooU  take  Root  foktfgeasthe5>Msi^»whi€hisiat« 

again,  yon  (hoitld,  about  a  F&ft-  Gbt  :  the  lAice  Sort  as  efteeaMd  iSm 

night  or  three  Wedcs  afker,  go  over  fweeteft ;  bottheCs  Varieties  are  net' 

the  Spot,  and  draw  out  all  the  lai^  lafting ;  fixr  if  yoo  (ave  Seeds  of 

Weeds  with  yoar  Hands;  tor  the  white  Onions  only,  youwilMiaven 

Quoas  having  now  began  to  bulb.  Mixture  of  the  red  ones  among 

th^  ihoald  not  be diftorbed  withan  them  ^  nor  vnU  the Sin^r^ Otaom 

ifae.  keep  long  to  itt  Kind,  but  wUI  by 

Toward  dK  Middle  or  Latter-end  degrees  grow  flatter,  asdodttbrao' 

of  7a^»  7^^^  Onions  will  have  ar*  Portugal  Onions,  when  plMited  la 

fivol  to  their  inll  Growth,  which  our  Climate,  which,  in  a  Year  or 

may  be  known  hy  their  Blades  £dl*  two,  will  be  ib  far  degenerated  as 

ing  to  the  Gionnd,  and  flirinking :  not  to  be  known  they  were  Irons 

yon  ihoald  therefbre,  before  their  that  Race. 
Nedcs  or  Kades  are  withered  off,        fiut,  in  order  to  prefenre  Seedi^ 

dn.w  them  out  of  the  Ground,  crop-  you  muft  in  the  Spring  make  choice 

ping  off  .the  extreme  Part  of  the  of  fome  of  the  firmeft,  largell,  and 

Blade,  and  lay  them  abroad  upon  a  oval^fliaped  Onions  (in  Quantity  pro- ' 

diy  Spot  of  Ground  to  dry,  obferv-  pordonable  to  the  Seed  yon  intaiA 

ing  to  turn  them  over  evay  other  to  iave) ;   and  having  prepared  n 

Say,  at  leafl,  to  prevent  their  flrike-  Piece  of  good  Ground  (which  ihouM 

im;  fireih  Root  into  the  Ground ;  be  well  dag,  and  laid  out  in  Bed* 

wmch  they  will  fuddenly  do,  efpe-  about  three  Feet  wide),  in  the  Be* 

Gially  in  moifl  Weather.  ginning  of  March  you  muft  plant 

In  about  a  Fortnight*s  time  yonr  yoar  Onions,  in  the  following  man* 

Onions  will  ht  dry  enough  to  houfe,  i^cr :  Having  ftrained  a  Line  abont 

which  mnft  be  performed  in  per&&  four  Inches  within  the  Side  of  the 

diy  Weather :  in  doing  of  this,  you  Bed,  yoa  muft,  with  a  Spade,  throw 

miift  cajefolly  rub  off  all  the  Earth,  out  an  Openine  about  fix  Inchea 

and  be  fare  to  mix  no  faulty  one»  deep^  the  LengSi  of  the  Bed,  into 

among  them,  which  will  in  a  fliort  which  yon  fliould  place  the  Oiiions» 

time  decay,  and  fpoil  all  thofe  that  with  their  Roou  downward,  at  about 

lie  near  them;  norfhooldyou  lay  fix  Inches  Diftance  from  each  odMr; 

li^  too  thick  in  the  Houfe,  whidi  then  with  a  Rake  draw  the  Esrth 

would-  occafion  their  fwrating,  and  into  the  Opening  again  to  cover  the. 

thereby  ret  dhcm :  thefe  flioakl  not  Bulbs ;  then  prmed  so  remove  the- 

7  Lioe 


C  E 

{Jbt  again  about  ten  laches  or  a  • 
I^  krthar  backr-  where  you  muft 
laake  an  Openiog  as  before,  and  fo 
agaiQ,  till  the  Whole  is  finiihed;  fo 
that  you  will  have  four  Rows  in 
each  Bed,  between  which  you  moft; 
s41ow  a  Space  of  two  Feet  for  an' 
Alley-  to  -go  among  them  toideajr. 
ci^em^froni  Weeds»(?f,  In  aMonth's 
time  their  Leaves  will  appear  above-  • 
groand,  and  many  of  the  Roots  will 
produce  thrde  or  four  Stalks  each : : 
ypM  moft  therefore  keep. them di^i* ; 
gently  cleared  from  Weeds ;   and 
about  the  Beginning  of  7me,  when 
Che  Heads  of  the  Seed  begin  to  ap* 
pear  upon  the  Tops  of  ,the  Stalk  f , 
you  muft  provide  a  Parcel  of  Stakes 
about. fQur  Feet  long,  which  (hould 
be  driven  into  the  Ground,  in  the 
Ro^^  of  Onions,  at  about  fix  or 
e^ht  Feet'  apart,  to  which  you  fhould 
fiSen  fome  Packthread,  Rope-yarn, 
or  fmaU  Cord,  which  ihpuld  be  run 
ofi    each  Side  the  Stems  of  the 
Onions,  a  littfe  below  their  Heads, 
to  fupport  them  from  breaking  down  ' 
H^ith  the  Wind  and  Rabu 

.  About  the  Beginning  oiAuguft  the  • 
Onipn-feed  will  be  ripe,  which  may 
be  known  by  its  chaugirig  brown,. 
wfyi  diQ  Cells  in  which  die  Seeds  are 
C9ntained  opening ;  fo  that  if  it  be 
npt  cut  in  a  (hort  time,  the  Seeds 
vi(ill  fall  ^o  the  Ground :  when  you 
cut  off  the  Head^  they  ihould.  be 
fpread  abroad  upon  coarfe  Cloths  in  . 
the  Sun,  ohferving.  to  keep  it  under 
Shelter  in  the  Night«  as  alfo  in  wet 
Weather ;  and  when  the  Heads  are 
qwte  diy,  you  mxA  beat  out  the 
Sfeds,  which  are  veityreafily  dif« 
c^ged  from  their  Celb  %  .then  hav- 
ing.cleared  it  from  all  thcTHuik,  f^c. 
after  having  expofed  it  one  Day  to 
th^^n  to  dry,  you  muft  .pot  it  up 
in^Bags  to  prcferve  it  for  Ufe. 

.  Tl^  Scallioa,,or  Efcallion,.  is  a . 
igtt  of.  Onion  which  ne)u:r  forms 


•  C  E 

any  Bulbs  at  the  Roots,  and  is  chieS^ 
uied  in  the  Spring  for  green  Onionsl^ 
before  the  other  Sorts,  ibwn  in  Juiy, 
are  big  enough ;  but  this  Sort  of 
Onkm,  how  much  foever  in  Ufe 
fc^ftnerly,  is  -  now  -fo  fcarce  as  to  be 
kttown  to  few  People,  and  is  nutly 
to  be  met  with,  except  in  curtoos 
Botanic  Gardens  :  the  Gardeners 
neap  Lwd9?i  fubftitute  another  Sort 
fbr  this,  which  are  thofe  Onions 
wh^ch  decay  and  fprout  in  the 
Hoafe :  thefe  they  jdant  in  a  Bed 
early  in  the  Spring,  which  in  a  (hort 
time' will  grow  to  be  large  enoagh 
fbr  Ufe  :  when  they  draw  them  up, 
and  after  pulling  off  all  the  oarer 
Coat  of  the  Root,  they  tie  them  up 
in  Bunches,  and  fell  them  in  the 
Market  for  Scallions. 

This  true  Scallion  is  eafily  pro- 
pagated by  parting  the  Roots,  either 
in  Spring  or  Autumn ;  but  the  lat« 
ter  Seafon  is  preferable,  becaufe  of 
their  being  rendered  more  fit  for  Ufe 
in  the  Spriiig:  thefe  Roots  (hould 
be  planted  three  or  four  together 
in  an  Hole,  at  about  (ix  Inches  Di- 
fbmce  every  Way,  in  Beds  or  Bor- 
der^ three  Feet  wide,  which  in  a 
(hort  time  will  multiply  exceedingly, 
and  will  grow  upon  almoft  any  Soil, 
and  in  i^y  Situation ;  and  their  be* 
ing  fo  hardy  as  to  •  refill  the  fevereft 
of -our  Winters,  and  being  green, 
and  fit  for  Ufe  fo  early  in  the  Spring, 
renders  them  worthy  a  Place  in  all 
good  Kitchen- gardens. 
.  The  Cives  are  a  very  fmall  Sort 
of  Onion,  which  never  produces  aoy 
Bulbs,  and  feldom  grows  above  fix 
Inches-  high  in  the  Blade,  which  is 
very  ignall.  and  (lender,  and  grows 
in  Bunches  like  the  former :  this  was 
formerly  in  great  Requeft  for  Sal- 
lads  in  the  Spring,  as  being  fooe- 
what  milder  than  thofe  Onions  wliich 
had  ilpod  through  the  Winter :  thefe 
are.  propagsfted   by  faiting. their 

Rooti 


C  E  C  E 

hooCs  like  tke  fonner,  and  are  alfo  good»   bat  ihould  be  tranfplauited 

very  hard/,  and  will  be  fit  for  Ufe  and  parted  eyexy  fecond  or  third 

ciriy  in  the  Spring.  Year,  which  will  caufe  them  to  pro- 

The  ff^e^  Onions  are  only  pro*  duce  ftrong  Seeds, 
pagated  for  Spring-ofe  alfo :  thefe        The  Ciboule,  and  the  Scallion,  I 
never  make  any  Bulb,  and  are  there-  believe  to  be  the  fame,  although  by 
fore  only  fit  to  be  ufed  green  for  moft  Authors  they  are  made  two  di- 
SaUads,  &r.    They  are  fown  about  flind  Species ;  and  the  ff^i/jS^  Onion 
the  End  of  July,  in  Beds  of  about  differs  fo  little  from  them,  as  to  ren- 
three  Feet  and  an  half  wide,  leaving  der  it  diiHcult  to  determine  wherein 
Alleys  of  two  Feet  broad  to  go  be-  the  DiiFerence  confifts ;  for  although 
tween  the  Beds  to  clean  them,  and  it  is  commonly  known  in  the  Lotutm 
in  about  a  Fortnight^s  time  they  will  Markets  by  that  Name,  yet  doubt- 
appear  above-ground,  and  muft  be  lefs  it  is  not  a  Native  of  WmUs^  nor 
carefully  cleared  from  Weeds:   to-  is  it  certain  if  they  have  it  in  their 
wards  the  Middle  of  O&ober,  their  Gardens  in  that  Country  :  there  ia 
Blades  will  die  away,  fo  that  the  likewife  fo  great  an  Affinity  between 
whole  Spot  will  feem  to  be  naked,  the  Efchalot,  or  Shallot,  as  it  is  com- 
which  hath  led  many  People  to  dig  monly  called,  and  the  Cives,  as  to 
up  the  Ground  again,  fuppofing  the  render  it  doubtful  whether  they  arc 
Crop  totally  loft ;  whereas,  if  they  diftinft  Species, 
are  let  ftand  undiflurbed,  they  will        CEPH ALANTHUS ,     Button* 
come  up  again  yety  ftrong  in  Ja*  wood. 
mtary^  and  from  that  time  grow  very  The  CkaraSert  are  i 
vigorpuily,   refifting  all  Weathers,        The  Flowers  iwi  tubukus^  tskfifi* 
and  by  March  will  be  fit  to  draw  for  ing  of  mi  Liaf,  ivhich  are  colleffed 
young  Onions,  and  are,  in  the  Mar-  into  an  Head^  and  have  one  common 
'  kets,  more  valued  than  any  other  EmfaUment,  'vtfhicb  is  dinsided  into 
Sort  at  that  Seafon ;  for  they  are  ex-  frve  Parts :  the  Ovarium,  njobicb  is 
tremely  green  and  fine,  though  they  fituated  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Flower ^ 
are  much  ftronger  than  the  common  afterward  turns  to  a  Seed,  which  is 
Onion  in  Tafte,  apprdkching  nearer  oblong  i  and  the  whole  WadofFloW' 
to  Garlick,  which  hath  occafioned  ers  becomes  a  conical  Vejfel  of  a  dry 
their  being  lefs  efteemed  for  the  Ta«  woody  Subftance,  rejembling  a  But* 
ble:  but  as  no  Winter,  however  ton. 
hard,  will  hurt  them,  it  is  proper  to            The  species  are ; 
have  a  few  of  them  to  fupply  the        1.  Cephalanthus  foliis  oppofi- 
Table,  in  cafe  the  common  Sort  ///.    Flor.  Leyd.    Button  -  tree  witb 
iiould  be  deftroyed  by  Frofb.  Leaves  growing  oppofite. 

The  Roots  of  thefe  Onions,   if        2.  Cephalanthus  y^////  terms* 

planted  out  at  fix  or  eight  Inches  Di-  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.     Button  -  tree  with 

fiance,  in  March,  will  produce  ripe  three  Leaves  growing  at  each  Joint. 
Seeds  in  Autumn ;  but  it  will  be  in        There  are  fome  Perfons  who  af- 

finallQuantities  the  firft  Year :  there-  firm  thefe  two  are  the  fame  Sort,  and 

fore  the  fame  Roots  ihould  remain  that  their  having  two  or  threeLe^ves 

unremoved,  which  the  fecond  and  at  each  Joint  is  accidental;  as  alfo. 

third  Year  will  produce  many  Stems,  that  the  fame  Tree  will  have  the  two 

v4  afford  a  good  Supply  of  Seeds  :  Orders  of  Leaves  »  but  in  all  the 

thefe  Roots  will  abide  many  Years  Plants  which  I  have  raifed  from 
Vol.  I;.  U  Seeds, 


C  E 

Seeds*   tlie  Diflfercnce  hath  conti-' 
naed ;  however  this  may  be  in  the 
natural  Place  of  their  Growth,  the 
Inhabitants  of  thofe  Countries  can- 
befl  in^m  us, 

Thefo  Trees  are  Natives  of  Vir- 
ghiay  NetV'Englatt^t  Mary /an.-/,  and 
Carolina ;  as  alfo  of  moft  Places  on 
the  Northern  Continent  of  America ; 
but  to  what  Sisse  they  there  grow,  I 
cannot  fay :  in  England  there  are 
none  of  thcfe^Trees  above  fcvcn  or 
eight  Poet  at  preient ;  the  htrgeil  I 
have  yet  feen,  are  growing  in  the 
curious  Gardens  of  his  Gr»ce  the 
Duke  of  Argyll  at  H'hilien  near 
Hou7iJl<hVj :  theie  have  produced 
plenty  of  Flowers  for  fomc  Years 
paft ;  but  as  yet  they  have  not  pre- 
feAed  any  Seed». 

They  are  propagated  by  Seeds 
(which  mail  be  procured  from 
abroad) :  thefe  Seeds  may  be  Town 
on  a  Bed  of  Kght  Earth,  as  ibon  as 
they  arrive ;  for  they  generally  re- 
main a  Year  in  the  Ground,  fo  chat 
the  following  Summer  the  Bed  nitift 
be  kept  cJear  from  Weeds  ;  and  in 
hot  dry  Weather,  if  the  Bed  is  iha- 
ded  from  the  Sun  in  the  Middle  of 
the  Day,  aj\d  duly  witcnftl,  there 
will  be  a  much  greater  Certainty  of 
the  Seeds  growing  than  if  thefe  are 
neglt^led. 

The  fjrft  Year,  when  the  Plants 
come  up,  it  wiM  be  n  ceil'nry  to  re- 
peat the*  Covering  in  hot  dry  Wea- 
ther, efpecially  while  the  Plants  are 
young ;  at  which  time  they  are  often 
deftroycd  by  being  too  much  ex- 
pofed  :  Aor  Ihould  the  Watering  be 
negleAtd  ;  for  as  thefe  Plants  na- 
turally grow  on  moift  Ground,  fo 
when  they  are  not  duly  watered  in 
dry  Weather,  the  yonng  Plants  will 
languifti  and  decay. 

The  next  Autumn,  when  the 
T-eives  begin  to  drop,  the  young 
Planjs  may  be  tranfplantcd  intg  Ner- 


C  E 

fery-bcds,  which  ftould  be  alittfc 
defended  from  the  cold^Winds ;  and 
if  the  Soil  is  moift,  they  wifl  fiic- 
ceed  moch  better  than  indryGround; 
but  where  it  haj^ns  otherwife,  it 
will  be  abfolutely  Accffary  to  water 
them  in  dry  Weather,  otherwife 
there  will  be  great  Dan«r  of  the 
Plants  dying  in  the  Middle  of  die 
Summer,  which  has  been  the  Cafe 
in  many  Gardens  where  thefe  Plants 
were  railed. 

In  thefe  Nurfery-beds  the  Plants 
may  remain  a  Year  or  two  (accord- 
ing to  the  Progrcfs  they  may  have 
made,  or  the  DiRancc  they  were 
planted) ;  then  they  may  be  taken 
up  in  Oc'/o^cr,  and  tranfplantcd 
where  they  are  to  remain  for  good  : 
although  1  have  mentioned  but  oac 
Scafon  for  tranfplanting  them,  yet 
this  may'  aMb  be  performed  in  the 
Spring,  efi^rcialty  if  the  Ground  is 
moitt  mro  which  they  are  removed, 
or  that  the  Piants  are  duly  watered, 
if  the  Spring  fhonld  prove  dry; 
otherwife  there  will  be  more  Hazard 
of  their  growing  when  removed  in 
the  Spring. 

Thefe  Plants  maktj  a  pretty  Va- 
nety  among  other  hardy  Tree5  and 
Shrubs,  being  extreme  hardy  in  re- 
fpc(\  to  Cold ;  but  they  delight  in 
a  moift  light  Soil,  where  they  will 
grow  very  faft,  and  their  Leaves 
will  be  larger,  than  in  dry  Land. 

CERASUS,  The  Cherry  tree. 
The  Chara^ers  are ; 

//  bnth  larg€  Jhining  Leaves :  thf 

Fruit  grotws  on  long  P^Jiclrs  for  Foot' 

JfalksJ,    and  is   roundijh^    cr  heart- 

Jkeped :  the  Stont  isjhort^  tttmidy  ani 

roundijh. 

The  Sfecies  arc ; 

1 .  Ce  R  A  s  u  s  fatima,  frvBu  rotunA 
ruhro  (ff  ncido.  Tourn,  The  common 
Red  or  Garden  Cherry. 

2.  Ckrasus  fativa^  fru^U  ««• 
jori,  ^ffu>-n.  Large  Spanifi  Cherry. 

3.  Ci- 


C  £  C  E 

3*  Cehasvs  nuijfr,  fmSu  mmgno        There  are  vaoy  other  Sort^  of 

€9rdato  rnbro^   The  Red-heart  Cher-  Cherhes  cnltivated  in  carious  Fruic- 

Tf .  gardens  ;    as    the  Amber  Cherry, 

4.  Cerasvs  maJ9r^  fru8u  magna  Lukewatd,  Cprone^  Gafcoigne^  Mo- 
ewrda^  alh.  The  White^heart  Cher-  zdio,  and  HirtfirJlJhire  Duke. 

iy«  All  the  Sorts  of  Cherries  whtck 

5.  QtiLK%ya%  mejoTj  fmBu  magna  are  afually  cultivated  in  Fruic-gar- 
torJmta /mmgMin§9,  The  Bleeding-  dens,  are  propagated  by  budding  or 
heart  Cherry.  grafting  the  feveral  K  inds  intaScocks 

6.  Cera su 5  majors  fruBu  tord^to  of  the  Blacky  or  wild  Red  Ch^rrics^ 
iR^.    The  Black-heart  Cherry.         which  are  ftrong  Shooters,  and  of  a 

7.  Q^KKSvt  MaimHs^  fru^u  duro    longer  Duration .  than  any  of  the 
fihiulcu  Tomm,  The  May  Cherry.      Garden-kinds.     The  Stones  of  tbeCe 

S.  Cbrasvs  M^/tfr,  ac  jy/*vfflris,  two  Kinds  are  fown  in  Beds  of  light 

frnQu  Juhdulcij    nigra  cakre  infici-  iandy  Earth  in  Autumn  (or  are  pre* 

^ni€,    C.  B.    The  Black  Cherry  or  ferv*d  in  Sand  till  Spring,  and  tbiea 

Maxeard.  fown ) :    when  thefe  Stocks    anie; 

9.  Ce tLASv 9  /ruff u  magna  ridfra  they  muft  be  carefully  weeded ;  and 

4mriinaia,     Tamm.    The  Archduke  if  in  dry  Weather  you  refrcih  ihcm 

Cheery.  with  Water,  it  will  greatly  promote 

io.  Cbrasvs  Sicula^  fruSu  ca-  their  Growth.   Thefe  young  Stocks 

ftamei  eal^ris.faum.  The  yellow^^tf-  fhould  remain  in  thefe  NnrTery-bedt 

atjb  Cherry,  'vmlga,  till  the  fecond  Autumn  after  fowing^ 

1 1 .  Cbrasus  lino  fiiicuU  flura  at  which  time  you  fhould  |)repare  an 
ftrtv,  J.B.  i:\icFiamltrsC\vSktt  openSpot  of  good  frcfh  Earth, which 
Cherry.  ihouM  be  well  work'd :  but  if  the 

12.  Cerasus  /ru3u  incarnate.  Soil  is  freih,  it  will  be  the  better. 
The  Carnatkm  Cherry.  In  this  Ground,  in  Offoter,yoQ  Aiauld 

13.  Cerasus  /ati'va,  fru£lu  or-  plant  out  the  young  Stocks  at  three 
hituiata  mgerrimomkanttfToumJDxt  Feet  Diftance  Row  from,  Row,  and 
hiige  black  Cherry.  about  a  Foot  af under  in  the  Rows ; 

\^,QzKKiv%  hartenfis^  flare rofta.  being  careful,    in  taking  them  up 

C.  B.     The  rofe-flowercd  Cherry.  from  their  Seed- beds,  to  loofen  their 

15.  Cbrasus  hortenfisy  plena  flan.  Roots  well  with  a  Spade,  to  prevent 

The  double- flowered  Cherry.  their  breaking ;  as  alfo-to  prune  their 

t6.  Qexk%v^  fyhveftrujfm^u  ru-  Roots :  and  if  they  are  inclinable  to 

.  ha,  y,  B.    Common  wild  Cherry,  root  downwards,  you  fhould  fhorten 

17.  Cerasus  fyk)$firii  Jepnntrio-  the  Tap-rooc,   to  caufe  it  to  put  out 
nalii  Anglica^  fruSm  rubra  par*oo  ft-  lateral  Roots  :  but  do  not  prune  their 
raiina.   Rait  Bift,    The  wild  North-  Tops  ;  for  this  is  what  by  no  means  « 
erh  Englyh  Cherry,  with  late "  ripe  they  will  endure. 

Fruit.  The  fecond  Year  after  planting 

18.  Cbrasvs  Jykjeflris  ametra^  out,  if  they  take  00  growing  well, 
Mahahh  futata,  J.  B.  The  Rock  they  will  be  fit  to  bod,  if  they  are 
or  pertoned  Cherry.  intended  for  Dwarfs ;  bat  if  they  are 

19.  Cerasus  hortenfisy  filth  ele-  for  Standards,  they  will  not  be  tall 
gfinitr  *varifgatir.  ThcC'hcrry-ixee  enough  until  the  fourth  Year  ;  for 
wiih  ftripcd  Leaves.  they  fhould  be  budded  of  grafted 

U  2  near 


C  E 

near  fix  Feet  from  the  Ground ;  for 

otherwife  the  Graft  will  not  advance 
much  in  Height ;  fo  that  it  will  be 
impoiUble  to  make  a  good  Tree  from 
fucn  as  are  grafted  low,  unlefs  the 
/    Graft  is  trained  upward. 

The  ufual  Way  with  the  Nurfery- 
gardcners  is^  to  bud  their  Stocks  in 
Summer :  and  fuch  of  them  as  mif- 
carry,  they  graft  the  fucceeding 
Spring  (the  manner  of  thefe  Opera- 
tions will  be  defcribed  under  their 
proper  Heads).  Thofe  Ttces  where 
the  Buds  have  taken,  muft  be  headed 
off*  in  the  Begtnnii^^f  March,dbovit 
fix  Inches  above  the  Bud  :  and  when 
the  Bud  hath  fhot  in  Summer,  if 
you  fear  its  being  blown  out  by  the 
Winds,  you  may  fallen  it  up  with 
ibme  Bafs,  or  fuch  foft  Tying,  to 
that  Part  of  the  Stock  which  was 
left  above  the  Bud.  The  Autumn 
following  thefe  Trees  will  be  fit  to 
remove.  But  if  your  Ground  is  not 
ready  to  receive  them,  they  may  re- 
main two  Years  before  they  are 
tranfplaHted :  in  the  doing  of  which, 
you  mufl  obferve  not  to  head  them, 
as  is  by  many  pra£UsM  ;  for  this, 
very  often,  is  immediate  Death  to 
them :  but  if  they  furvive  it,  they 
feldom  recover  this  Amputation  in 
five  or  fix  Years. 

If  thefe  Trees  are  intended  for  a 
Wall,  I  would  advife  the  planting 
Dwarfs  between  the  Standards  ;  fo 
that  while  the  Dwarfs  are  filling  the 
Bottom  of  the  Walls,  the  Standards 
will  cover  the  Tops,  and  will  pro* 
«  duce  a  great  deal  of  Fruit :  but 
thefe,  as  the  Dwarfs  arife  to  fill  the 
Walls,  mud  be  cut  away,  to  make 
room  for  them:  and  when  the 
J^warf-trees  coVcr  the  Walls,  the 
Standards  fhould  be  indrely  taken 
away.  But  I  would  advife,  never 
to  plant  Standard- cherries  over  other 
Fruits ;  for  there  is  no  other  Sort  of 


c  E 

Fruit  that  will  profper  wdl  onder 
the  Drip  of  Cherries. 

When  thefe  Trees  are  taken  up 
from  the  Nurfery,  their  Roots  muft 
be  ihonened,  and  all  the  bruiled 
Parts  cut  off;  as  alfo  all  the  finall 
Fibres,  which  would  dry,  grow 
mouldy,  and  be  a  great  Prejudice  to 
the  new  Fibres  in  their  coming  forth; 
you  muft  alfo  cnt  off  the  dead  Part 
of  the  Stock  which  was  left  above 
the  Bud,  dofe  down  to  the  Back- 
part  of  it,  that  the  Stock  may  be  co- 
vered. If  thefe  Trees  are  def^*d 
for  a  Wall,  obferve  to  place  the  Bod 
diredly  from  the  Wall,  that  the 
Back- part  of  the  Stock  that  was  cot, 
may  be  hid  from  Sight.  The  Soil 
that  Cherries  thrive  befi  in^is  a  frefh 
Hazel-loam :  but  if  the  Soil  is  a  diy 
Gravel,  they  will  not  live  many 
Years,  and  will  be  perpetually 
blighted  in  the  Spring. 

The  Sorts  commonly  plaoted 
againfi  Walls  are  the  Early  May  and 
May  Duke,  which  (hould  have  a 
South  Wall.  The  Hearts  and  con^ 
mon  Duke  will  thrive  on  a  Wet 
Wall ;  and,  in  order  to  continoe 
this  Sort  later  in  theSeafon,  they  are 
frequently  planted  againft  North  and 
North- wefl  Walb,  where  they  fuc- 
ceed  very  well ;  and  the  Mordlo  oa 
a  North  Wall ;  whkh  lafi  is  chiefiy 
planted  for  preferving.  The  Hearts 
are  all  of  them  ill  Bearers ;  for  which 
Reafon  they  are  feldom  planted 
againft  Walls  :  but  I  am  apt  to  be- 
lieve, if  they  were  grafted  upon  die 
Bird-cherry,  and  managed  properly, 
that  Dtfc€t  might  be  remedied :  for 
this  Stock  (as  I  am  informed)  will 
render  Cherries  very  fruitful ;  and 
having  the  f^me  £fFe£l  on  Cherrier, 
as  the  Paradife  fiock  hath  on  Apples, 
they  may  be  kept  in  lefs  Compafs } 
which  is  an  Experiment  well  worth 
the  Trial. 

Your 


C  E 

Vonr  Trees,  if  planted  againft  a 
Wall,  ihoald  be  placed  eighteen  or 
twtnty  Feet  afunder,  with  a  Stand- 
ard-tree between  each  Dwarf :  this 
will  be  found  a  reafonable  Diilance» 
when  we  confider,  that  Cherry-trees 
will  extend  themfelves  as  far  as 
Apricots,  and  many  x)ther  Sorts  of 
Fruit. 

In  proning  thefe  Sorts  of  Fruits, 
yon  fiiould  never  fhorten  their 
8hoots  (  for  the  moft  part  of  them 
prodace  their  Fruit-buds  at  their  ex- 
treme part,  which,  when  ihortened, 
are  cot  off:  their  Branches  (hould 
he  therefore  trained  in  at  full  Length 
horizontally  »  obferving  in  Majg 
where  there  is  a  Vacancy  in  the 
Wall,  to  ftop  fome  ftrong  adjoining 
Branches,  which  will  occafion  its 
putting  oat  two  or  more  Shoots ;  by 
which  means,  at  that  Seafon  of  the 
Vear,  yon  may  always  get  a  Supply 
of  Wood  for  coYering  the  Wall :  and 
at  the  iame  time  fhonld  all  fore- 

3'  ht  Shoots  be  difplacM  by  the 
tnd ;   for  if  thev  are  fuifer'd  to 
grow  till  Winter,  they  will  not  only 
^rive  the  bearing  Branches  of  their 
proper  Supply  of  Nouriihment,  but 
when  they  are  cut  out,  it  occafions 
the  Tree  to  gum  in  that  Part  (for 
Cherries  bear  the  Knife  the  worft  of 
»y  Sort  of  Fruit-trees)  i    but  be 
careful  not  to  rub  off  the  FiJes  or 
Span,  which  are  produced  upon  the 
two  and  three  Years  old  Wood  ;  for 
it  is  upon  thefe  that  the  greatell  Part 
of  the  Fruit  are  produced ;  which 
Fidis  will  continue  fruitful  for  many 
Vean.    And  it  is  for  want  of  duly 
obferving  this  Caution,  that  Cherry- 
trees  arc  often  feen  fo  unfruitful, 
efpeciaily  the  Morello ;  which,  the 
more  it  is  cut,  the  weaker  it  ihoots ; 
and  at  laft,  by  frequent  pruning,  I 
have  known  a  whole  Wall  of  them 
dcftroyed ;  which,  if  they  had  been 
fcffct'd  to  grow  without  any  Prune- 


c  E 

ing,  might  probably  have  livMmany 
Years,  and  produc*d  large  Qjianti- 
des  of  Fruit. 

Cherry-trees  are  alfo  planted  for 
Orchards  in  many  Parts  of  Engiatui, 
particularly  in  Kiftt^  where  there  are 
large  Plantadons  of  thefe  Trees. 
The  ufual  Diftance  allowed  for  their 
ilanding  is  forty  Feet  fquare,  at 
which  Space  they  are  lefs  fubje^  to 
Blight,  than  when  they  are  dofer 
planted ;  and  the  Ground  may  be 
tilled  between  them  almoft  as  well  as 
if  it  were  intjrely  dear,  efpeciaily 
while  the  Treel^e  young ;  and  the 
often  ftirring  the  Ground,  provided 
you  do  not  dilluib  their  Roots,  will 
greatly  help  the  Trees :  but  when 
they  are  grown  fo  big  as. to  over- 
ihadow  the  Ground,  the  Drip  of 
their  Leaves  will  fufFer  very  kw 
Things  to  thrive  under  them.  Thefe 
Standard-trees  (hould  be  planted  in 
a  Situation  defended  as  much  as  pof- 
iible  from  the  (bong  Wefterly  Winds, 
which  are  very  apt  to  break  their 
tender  Branches :  this  occafions  their 
gumming,  and  is  very  prejudidal  to 
them. 

The  Sorts  beft  approved  for  an 
Orchard,  are  the  common  Red,  or 
Ktntijh  Cherry,  the  Duke,  and  Luke- 
ward  ;  all  which  are  plentiful  Bear- 
ers. But  Orchards  of  thefe  Trees 
are  now  fcarcely  worth  planting,  ex- 
cept where  Land  is  very  cheap ;  for 
the  Uncertainty  of  their  Bearing, 
with  the  Trouble  in  gathering  the 
Fruit,  together  with  the  fmall  Price 
it  commonly  yields,  hath  occafion^d 
the  dellroying  many  Orchards  of  this 
Fruit  in  Kmt^  within  a  few  Years 
paft. 

This  Fruit  was  brought  out  of 
Fontust  at  the  time  of  the  Mitbrida^ 
tic  Viftory,  by  Lucuilus,  in  the  Year 
of  Rome  680.  and  were  brought  in- 
to Britain  about  120  Years  after: 
wards,  which  was  ^n.  Dcm,  5$.  and 
U  3  i^ere 


C  E 

were  foon  after  fprcad  through  moft 
Parts  of  Europe ;  it  being  generally 
cfteemM  for  its  Earlincfs,  as  being 
one  of  the  firft  of  the  Tree-fruit  that 
appears  to  welcome  in  the  approach- 
ing Fruit-feafon. 

This  Sort  of  Fruit  hath  been  by 
many  People  grafted  upon  the  Lau- 
rel, to  which  it  is  a  Congener:  but 
what  Effe^l  it  hath  either  in  the 
Growth  of  the  Tree,  or  its  Fruit,  I 
have  not  been  yet  able  to  under- 
fland  ;  though  this  Practice  is  as  old 
as  Pliny,  who  fays  it  gives  the  Fruit 
a  very  plcafant  Bittcrnefs :  but  there 
is  little  to  be  depended  upon  in  the 
Writings  of  the  Antients,  with  re- 
fpcft  to  the  fcveral  Sorts  of  Trees 
being  grafted  upon  each  other :  vtry 
few  of  thofe  which  we  find  men- 
tioned by  them  to  have  been  fre- 
qncntly  praftifed,  will  fuccecd  with 
us.  Nor  is  it  ow^ng  to  the  Differ- 
ence of  Climate,  as  fome  have  fup- 
pofed,  who  are  inclinable  to  believe 
whatever  they  find  related  in  thofe 
Books,  efpecially  in  the  Bufinefs  of 
Hulbandry  and  Gardening  -.-but  from 
many  repeated  Triab,  which  have 
been  made  with' the  utmoft  Care,  by 
Perfons  of  the  beft  Skill,  it  appears 
that  no  two  Sorts  of  Trees,  which 
are  of  different  Genus's,  will  take 
upon  each  other.  However,  the  Lau- 
rel and  the  Cherry  being  of  the  fame 
Genus,  or  fo  near  of  Kin  as  to  be 
ranked  together  by  moft  Botanifls, 
will  take  upon  each  other  by  Graft- 
ing. But  r  have  not  yet  feen  any  of 
the  Trees  fo  grafted,  which  have 
lived  to  be  of  any  confiderablc  Size; 
though  I  have  fpen  many  Trees  fo 
grafted^  which  have  lived  a  few 
Years,  but  have  made  very  poor  Pro- 
grefs  ;  nor  do  J  remember  tp  have 
fecn  any  Fruit  upon  the  Cherry-trees 
yvhich  were  grafted  on  the  Laurels ; 
therefore  cannot  dei ermine  what  Ef- 


C  E 

h&.  tKii  has  on  the  Fltvour  of  the 
Fruit. 

There  are  fome  perfbns  who  ^rraft 
the  Duke,  and  other  Sorts  of  Qier* 
ries,  upon  the  Morello  Cherry ,irhicli 
is  but  a  weak  Shooter,  in  onier  to 
check  the  luxuriant  Growth  of  the 
Trees ;  which  will  fucoeed  far  three 
or  four  Years ;  but  they  are  not  of 
long  Duration,  nor  have  I  ever  (ecu 
one  Tree  fo  grafted,  whkh  had 
made  Shoots  above  fix  or  eigiit 
Inches  long  ;  but  they  were  dofely 
covered  with  BlofTomf ,  fo  may  prc^ 
duce  fome  Fruit  in  a  fmall.  Con  pais: 
but  thefe  are  Experiments  unfit  to 
be  carried  into  general  Ufc,  and  only 
proper  to  fati?fy  Coriofity  :  for  is  it 
not  much  better  to  allow  the  Trees 
a  greater  Share  of  room  againft  the 
Walls,  when  one  Tree,  properly  ma- 
naged, will  produce  more  Frait  than 
twenty  of  thefe  Trees,  or  than  half 
chat  Number^  when  they  are  planted 
too  clofe ;  though  they  are  grafted 
upon  the  Black  Cherry,  or  any  other 
Free  ftock? 

The  early,  or  May  Cherry,  is  the 
firfl  ripe ;  fo  one  or  two  Trees  of 
this  Sort  may  be  allowed  tn  a  Gar- 
den, where  there  is  room  for  Va- 
riety.   The  next  ripe  is  the  Mfy 
Duke;  which  is  a  larger  Fruit  than 
the  other,    and  is  more  valuable. 
After  this   comes    the  Archduke; 
which,  if  permitted   to  hang  upon 
the  Tree  till  the  Fruit  is  quite  ripe, 
is  an  excellent  Cherry :  but  few  Per- 
fons have  Patience  to  let  them  hang 
their  fall  time;  fo  rarely  have  them 
in  PcrfeAion  :  for  thefe  fhould  not 
be  gathered  before  Midfvmmtr ;  and 
if  they  hang  a  Fortnight  longer,jtbey 
will  be  better.    This  is  to  be  under- 
flood  of  the  Situation  near  Limdtm% 
^here  they  ripen  a  Fortnight  earlier 
than  in  Places  forty  Miks  diftaot, 
nnlcfs  they  have  a  vtry  warm-ftel- 

fcred 


CE 

tend  Situation.  WkcA  diis  Sort  is 
planted  again  ft  North  WaHs,  titc 
Fruit  may  be  coottnaed  tili  Jygtifi  ; 
biittb^ie  siiift  be  |>rDt«Sted  from  the 
Bk^  otherwife  they  will  defiroy 


The  Ucrtfordjhire  Cherry,  which 
is  a  Smrt  of  Di^kc  Cherry,  bat  a 
£r«er  and  better  -  flavoured  Fruit, 
wiii  Boc  ripen  earlier  than  the  End 
of  Jnly^  or  the  Beginning  oiAaptjt ; 
whach  makes  it  the  more  valuable, 
for  coming  when  the  other  Cherries 
^u«  gone.  This  is  not  very  common 
in  the  Nurferies  as  yet  j  but  as  it  is 
oae  of  the  beft  Kincb  of  Cherries, 
it  is  not  to  be  doubted  but  in  a  Qiort 
tiofte  it  will  be  as  common  as  any 
of  the  other  Sorts. 

The  Morello  Cherry,  which  is  ge- 
Besally  planted  to  North  Afpe^s, 
and  the  Fruit  commonly  ufed  for 
Preierving,  yet,  if  they  were  plants 
ffd  to  a  better  Afped,  and  fulFered 
to  hang  upon  the  Trees  until  they 
are  thoroughly  ripe,  is  a  very  good 
Fruit  iR>r  the  Table:  therefore  two 
or  threo  of  tiie  Trees  of  this  Sort 
(hould  have  Place  where  there  is 
plenty  of  Walling,  npon  a  South*- 
iveft  Wall,  where  they  will  ripen 
perfedly  by  the  Middle  of  Auguft  \ 
at  which  time  they  will  be  an  ac* 
cepcable  Fruit. 

The  Carnation  Cherry  is  alfo  i'a« 
luable  for  coming  late  in  the  Sea<* 
fon  :  this  is  a  very  £rm  fle(hy  Fruit  \ 
but  is  not  the  befl  Bearer.  This  Sort 
will  ripen  very  well  on  Efpaliers  \ 
and,  by.  this  means,  the  Fruit  may 
be  continued  longer  in  the  Seafon. 

Thfe  large  Spam/h  Clicrry  is  nearly 
llUed  to  the  Duke  Cherry,  from 
which  it  feems  to  be  only  a  Variety 
accidentally  obtained  :  this  ripens 
icon  after  the  common  Duke  Cherry, 
tod  very  often  paiVcs  for  it. 

The  yellow  Spanijb  Cherry  is  of 
VI  oval  Shape,  and  of  an  Amber- 


C  E 

colour:  this  ripent  lace,  and  is  i 
fweet  Cherry,  but  not  of  a  rick  Fla* 
vour  ;  and  being  but  a  middling 
Be&rer,  is  not  often*  admitted  into 
curious  Gardens,  unlefs  where  Va- 
riety is  chiefly  confulted, 

7"hc  Coronc,  or  Coroun  Cherry> 
is  ibmewhat  like  the  Black-heart,  but 
a  litdt  rounder :  this  is  a  very  good 
Bearar,  and  an  excellent  Fruit ;  fo 
ihould  have  a  Place  in  every  good 
Fruit- garden :  this  ripens  ^he  Middle 

of:7«/y. 

The  Lttkewnrd  ripens  foon  after 
the  Corone  Cherry :  this  is  a  good 
Bearer,  and  a  very  good  Fruit :  it  is 
of  a  dark  Colour,  not  fo  black  at 
die  Corone:  this  will  do  well  in 
Standards. 

The  Black  Cherry  is  fcldom  graft- 
ed or  budded ;  but  is  generally  fowit 
for  Stocks,  to  graft  the  other  Kinds 
of  Cherries  upon :  but  where  Per- 
fons  are  curious  to  have  the  be^-ilft<» 
voured  of  this  Sort  of  Fruit,  they 
ihould  be  propagated  by  grafting 
from  fuch  Trees  as  produce  the  bell 
Fruit.  This  Sort  of  Cherry  is  frc* 
qaently  planted  in  Wildernefles, 
where  it  will  grow  to  a  large  Size  ;  , 
and, at  the  time  of  its  flowering,  will 
make  a  Variety  i  and  the  Fruit  will 
be  Food  for  the  Birds. 

The  Double-flowering  Cherry  is 
alfo  propagated  for  the  Beauty  of 
the  Flowers,  which  are  e)ctremely 
fine,  the  Flowers  being  as  double 
and  large  as  a  Cinnamon  rofe ;  and 
thefe  being  proditced  ih  largeBunche« 
on  every  Part  of  the  Tree,  render  it 
one  of  the  moll  beautiful  Trees  of 
the  Spring.  Sonie  of  the  Flowers, 
which  are  Icfs  dduble.will  often  pro- 
duce fome  Fruit,  which  the  very 
double  F)o:vcrs  will  not  t  but  this 
Defetfl  is  fufnciently  rccompcns'd  in 
the  Beauiy  of  its  Flowers.  This  is 
propagated  by  Budding  or  Grafting 
on  the  Black  or  Wild'Cherfy  Stock ; 
V  4  and 


C  E 

tpd  tlie  Treei  are  proper  to  iirtep- 
snix  with  the  fecond  Growth  of  flow- 
ering Treei.     . 

The  wild  Northern  Cherry  is  of 
no  Ufe  or  Beauty,  and  is  only  pre- 
ferved  by  the  Curioas,  in  Colledtons 
of  the  difFerent  Sorts  of  Trees  ;  as 
is  alfo  the  Mahaleb,  or  perfom'd 
Cherry ;  which  in  a  free  Shooter,  and 
perhaps  may  ferve  for  Stocks  to  im- 
prove the  other  Kinds  of  Cherries, 
as  growioe  well  in  almoft  any  Soil ; 
but  there  is  neither  Ufe  nor  Beauty 
in  the  Flowers  or  Fruit  of  it.'  The 
firipM-leav'd  Cherry  is  proper  in  a 
Colle£Uon  of  variegated  Trees,  as 
adding  to  the  Variety. 

CERASUS  RACEMOSA.  Fidt 
Pad  us. 

CERATONIA,  The  Carob-tree, 
commonly  called,  St.  John*s  Bread. 
The  GfaraBirs  are  i 

h  hatb  Ma^i  and  ftmale  Flogner^ 
0H  dijpina  PUmts:  the  Mali  Flowers 
have  4^  £mpaiemhit  $/  pne  Leaf, 
^wbicb  is  cut  i^to  fivue  Farts;  the 
J^lflwiir  is  of  one  heaf^  an4  divided 
into  Jive  fnufll  Parts  ;  tie  Fenuife 
flenuers  cwfifi  of  one  teaf  having  a 
Jiagle  Style,  tvhich  afterward  turns 
to  ^fitfoy  bardPpd,  including  lidney^ 
fiafi  Seeds  j  eafb  being  divided  ly  ass 
ffibmus,  in  the  Pod. 

We  l^ye  bat  pne  Sfecies  of  this 
Plant;  which  is, 

Cbratpnia.  H.l.  TfceCarob- 
^ee,  pr  St.  Johp^s  Bread.  Thjs  is 
the  Siiiqua  fdulfs  pf  C^far  Bauhin ; 
and  the  Caroha  of  Dah. 

This  Tree  is  very  common  in 
Spain^  and  in  fome  Parts  of  Italy,  as 
alfo  ill  the  Levant ;  where  it  grows 
in  the  Hedges,  and  produces  a  great 
Quantity  of  long  flat  brpwn-cplourM 
pods;  which  are  thick,  mealy,  and 
pf  a  fwcetifti  Taflc.  Thcfe  Pods  are 
many  times  eaten  by  the  ppqrer  Sort 
of  Inhabitants,  when  they  have  a 
Sparpity  ^i  o^hpr  Fopji ;  b^  tfcey 


C  E 

ire  apt  to  loofen  the  Bdly,tiid  caiA 
Gripines  of  the  Bowels. 

Thele  Pods  are  direacd  by  die 
College  of  Pbyfici^Ms  to  enter  fome 
medicinal  Preparations;  for  whidi 
Purpofe  they  are  often  brought^from 
Abroad. 

In  England  the  Tree  is  preferred 
by  fttch  as  delight  in  Exotic  Plants, 
as  a  Curioiity  :  the  Leaves  always 
continue  green  i  and  being  difierenc 
in  Shape  from  moft  other  Plants,  af- 
ford an  agreeable  Variety,  when  in- 
termixM  with  Oranges,  Myrtles,  &<• 
in  the  Green-houfe. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  from 
Seeds,  which,  when  broagfat  over 
frefh  in  the  rods,  will  grow  veiy 
well,  if  they  are  fewn  in  the  Spring 
upon    a  moderate  Hot>bed  i    and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up»  they 
ihould  be  carefully  traj:ifplanm,each 
,  into  a  feparate  (mall  PPt  filPd  with 
light  rich  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
another  moderate  Hotbed ;  obfenr- 
ing'to  water  and  ihade  them  until 
they  have  taken  floot ;  after  which 
you  mufi  let  them  have  Air  in  pro- 
portion to  the  Heat  of  the  Weather. 
In  June  yon  muft  inure  them  to  the 
open  Air  by  degrees,  and  in  July 
they  (hould  be  rempvM  out  cf  the 
JHpt*bed,  and  placed  in  a  warm  Si* 
tuatiPn,  where  they  may  remain  un- 
til the  Beginning  of  OOcher,  when 
they  ihoiud  be  removed  into  the 
Green-houfe,   placine  them  where 
they  may  have  me  Air  in  mild  Wea- 
ther :  for  they  are  pr^ty  hardy,  aod 
require  only  to  be  flielterM  from  hard 
Profts. 

When  the  Plants  have  remained 
)n  the  Pots  three  or  four  Years,  aoi 
have  gotten  Strength,  fome  of  them 
may  be  corned  out  pf  the  Pots  in  the 
Spring,  and  planted  into  the  fall 
Ground,  in  a  warm  Situation,  whers 
diey  will  endure  the  Cold  of  our  or- 
dinary Wil^er^  Very  ^ejl  >  but0u& 


C  E  C  B 

hare  feme  Shelter  in  very  hard  Wea*  and  make  an  agreeable  Varfety  in 

dier.  Plantatioiis  of  Trees  of  the  fiune 

I  have  not  as  yet  feen  any  of  Growth, 
thefe  Trees  produce  Flowers  ;  but        ThisTree  isby  the  Sfamarsh^ad 

fion  fome  which  have  been  planted  Partngutfi^  called  the  Tree  of  Love : 

fome  time  againft  Walls,  it  is  pro-  there  are  two  Varieties  of  this  Tree, 

bable  there  may  be  Flowers  and  one  with  white,  and  the  other  with 

Fruit  in  a  few  Years ;  though  it  can-  flefli-coloured  Flowers, 
not  be  expedcd,  that  the  Fruit  will        The  fecond  Sort  is  very  common 

ever  ripen  in  this  Country.  in  Firgima,  New-Eugianiiy  CoHadii^ 

CERCIS,  The  Judas-tree.  and  moft  of  the  Northern  Countries 

The  Chara&ers  are;  of  America ^  where  it  is  called  Red* 

//  bath  a  papilionacious  Flotwer^  bud  ;    which  Name,  I  (uppofe,  it 

v^fi  fTimgj  mre  fiaced  abonft  thi  received  from  the  beautiful  Colour 

Stmubrd:  the  Keel  is  compofed of  tw9  of  its  Flower-bnds, which,  when  foUjr 

fetah :  the  Fmntal^  'which  rifts  in  expanded,  are  of  a  foft  purple  Co- 

ihi  Cesuri  rf  the  Fioiuer-cupy  and  is  lour.    Thefe  Flowers  are  produced 

aumpajffhd  with  the  Stamina,  after-  in  large  Clufters  from  the  Old  Wood 

mwd  becomes  a  Jong  flat  Pod^  con*  of  the  Tree ;  and  being  opened  be* 

taining /enteral  kidney-f^ap^d  Seeds :  to^  fore  the  green  Leaves  come  out,  they 

^bieb  nuy  be  added,  Rotmdijh  Leaves  make  a  beautiful  Appearance,*  efpe- 

growing  alternately  on  the  Branches,  cially  when  the  Trees  are  old,  and 

The  Species  are ;  produdive  of  Flowers ;  when,  many 

1 .  Caaci  8  foliis  cordato-orhicnla'  times,  the  large  Branches  of  theTree 
its  gUbris.  Lin.  Hort,  Cliff.  The  are  intirely  covered  with  thefe  beau* 
common  Judas-tree.  tiful  Flowers,  fo  as  to  afford  as  great 

2.  CsRCis  foliis  cordatis  puhefcen-  Pleafure  as  any  Sort  of  Flowering* 
tibus.  Un.  Hort.  Cliff.  The  Ame^  tree  whatever.  Thefe  Flowers  ai« 
rican  Judas-tree,  commonly  called  commonly  gathered  in  America^  and 
^ed-bud.  put  into  Sallads,  to  which  they  add 

3.  Csaci  8  foliis  cordato-acusmnu'  a  quick  poignant  agreeable  Flavour  ; 
tis  glabris.  The  Carolina  Judas-tree  and  in  England  they  are  by  feme  en* 
wSx  fmall  Flowers.  nous  Perfons  ufed  for  the  fame  Pur* 

The  foil  of  thefe  Trees  is  very  pofe. 
common  in  the  South  Parts  ofFrance^        The  third  Sort  was  brought  from 

irii^,and6[^jff,  from  whence  it  was  Carolina,    where  it  grows  in  the 

formerly  brought  into  England,  and  Woods  in  great  Plenty.    This  dif* 

was  lon'g  peferved  as  a  Curiofity  in  fers  greatly  in  the  Shape  of  its  Leaves 

Creen«houfes ;  bat  of  late  Years  they  from  the  other  two  Sorts,  and  the 

have  been  tranfplanted  into  the  open  Flowers  are  much  fmaller.    At  pre* 

Air,  where  they  thrive  very  well,  fent  this  is  lefs  common  in  the  Eng^ 

and  produce  greatQuantities  of  beau-  lijh  Gardens,  and  will  not  endure 

tiful  Flowers  in  the  Spring,  and  in  the  Cold  of  our  Climate  fo  well,  be^ 

favourable  Seafons  perfect  theirSeeds  ing  fubje^  to  have  the  young  Shoots 

txrremdy  well.  dellroyed  in  very  hard  Winters ;  and 

There  are  now  many  Trees  of  if  the  Plants  are  young,  iometimes 

this  Kind  in  the  Englijb  Gardens,  they  will  die  to  the  Ground. 

upwards  of  twenty  Feet  high,  which        Thefe  Plants  may  be  propagated 

bave  very  large  Stems  fmd  Heads  1  by  fpwing  their  Seed  upon  a  Bed  of 

'        ^  light 


C  E 

Itglit  Eftrtliy  towmrds  the  Latter^nd 
€>f  Mareh,  or  the  Beginnmg  cijifril 
(and  if  you  put  a  little  hoc  DuBg 
Modcr  the  Bed,  it  will  greatly  facili- 
tate the  Growth  oi  the  Seeds) :  when 
jour  Seeds  are  fown,  yoii  (hould  fift 
the  Earth  over  them  about  half  an 
Inch  thick ;  and,  if  the  Seafon  prove 
wet,  it  will  be  proper  to  cover  the 
Bed  with  Mats,  to  prefcrve  it  from 
great  Rains,  which  will  burU  the 
Seeds,  and  cauie  them  to  rot :  thefe 
Seeds  will  often  remain  till  the 
Spring  following  before  they  come 
up;  fo  the  Ground  muft  not  be  dif- 
'  tvrbed  till  you  are  convinced  that' 
the  Plants  are  all  come  up ;  for  fome 
few  may  rife  the  firftVear,  and  a 
greater  Number  the  fecond. 

When  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
fiionld  be  carefuffy  cleared  from 
*  Weeds,  and«  in  very  dry  Weather, 
inuft  be  now  -  and  -  then  refreihed 
with  Water,  which  will  greatly  pro- 
mote their  Growth.  The  Winter 
following,  if  the  Weather  is  very 
cdd,  it  will  be  proper  to  fhelter 
the  Plants,  by  covering  them  either 
with  Mats,  or  dry  Straw,  in  hard 
Frofts  i  but  they  fhould  conilant- 
ly  be  opened  in  mild  Weather,  other- 
wife  they  will  grow  mouldy,  and 
decay. 

About  the  Beginning  o(  Jprilyorx 
.  Ihould  prepare  a  Spot  of  good  frefh 
Ground,  to  tranfpfant  the^  out  (for 
the  beA  Seafon  to  remove  them  is 
juft  before  they  begin  to  fhoot}; 
then  you  fhould  carefully  take  up 
the  Plants,  being  careful  not  to  break 
their  Roots ;  and  plant  them  in  the 
frrfh  Ground  as  foon  as  pofTible,  be- 
'  ^aufe,  if  their  Roots  are  dried  by  the 
Air,  it  will  ereatly  prejudice  them. 
The  Diifance  thei'e  fhould  be 
planted  rouil  be  proportionable  to 
the  time  they  arc  to  remain  before 
they  ai«  again  tranfplanccd  ;  but 
commonly  they  are  planted  twoPeet 


C  E 

Row  from  Row,  and  a  Foot  afm- 

der  in  the  Rows,  which  is  full  room 
enough  for  them  to  grow  two  or 
Years,  by  which  tine  they  fhould 
be  tranfpLanted  where  they  are  de- 
iigaed  to  remain  ;  for  if  they  are  too 
old  when  removed,  they  feidom  foe- 
qeed  fo  well  as  younger  Plants. 

The  Ground  between  the  Planb 
fhould  be  carefully  kept  clean  fiom 
Weeds  in  Summer,  and  in  the  Spriog 
fhould  be  well  dug  to  loofen  the 
Earth,  that  their  Roots  may  better 
extend  themfelves  every  Way  :  yea 
fhould  alfo  at  that  SesSon  prune  off 
all  ilrong  Side-branches  (efpecially 
if  you  intend  to  train  them  up  for 
Standard  -  trees),  that  their  Top- 
branches  may  not  be  checked  by 
their  Side-fhoots,  which  often  at- 
trad  the  greateft  Part  of  the  Noo- 
rifhment  from  the  Roots ;  and  if 
their  Stems  are  crooked,  you  maii 
place  a  flrong  Stake  down  by  the 
Side  of  each  Plant,  and  ^ften  tfae 
Stem  to  it  in  feveral  Places,  fo  as  to 
render  it  flrait ;  which  Dire^lion  it 
will  foon  take  as  it  grows  laiger,aiKl 
thereby  the  Plants  will  be  rendered 
beautiful. 

When  they  have  remained  in  this 
Nurfery  three  or  four  Years,  they  ^ 
fhould  be  tranfplanted  in  the  Spring 
where  they  are  defigned  to  remain, 
which  ntay  be  in  Wildernefs-qua^ 
ters,  among  other  flowering  Trees, 
oblerving  to  place  them  with  Treo 
of  the  (sixnc  Growth,  fo  as  ihey  may 
not  be  overhung,  which  is  a  great 
Prejudice  to  moft  Plants. 

CEREFOLIUM.     Fide  Chacre- 
folium. 

CEREUS,  The  Torch- thiiUe. 

The  Characleri  are  ; 

//  kath  no  Lea^ves  :   tbe.Stetiu  an 

thick  and  JuccuLnt  ;  are  ^angular  and 

fwrcwed^    each  Angle  being  arnui 

ivith  Jharf  Spines^   tvhich  are  pre^ 

ducsdiu  QUfiers:  i he  Flowers  fwjtf 


C  E 

^  mea^  fiat  Lea^uts^  luhici  expand 
ibimfihf€s  fimetvbat  liki  a  Marigold: 
h  the  Centre  ef  the  Fhtuer  is  fre* 
dmei  a  great  Number  efSxaffiin2.  (or 
^breads)  iMcb  a f fear  'ueryfpeciout : 
ibe  Fruity  nvbieb  is  fiejhy^  frfh  ^ttd 
Hie  to  that  ef  the  Indian  Figt  is  fro^ 
doad  from  the  Side  of  the  Plant^ 
mdtbomt  atef  FootfiaJi^imesudiately  wi' 
der  the  Fiiuter^ 

Tht  Species  sure  ; 

1.  Cjst£us  ereSus  aitij^mus  Syra* 
wmumfis.  Par,  Bat,  The  large  up* 
light  Torch-thiftle  from  Surinam, 

2.  CctEus  ereQus  quadrangulus^ 
eafiis  alarum  inftar  afjurgentibut, 
Boerb,  Ind.  The  four-coroered  up« 
right  Torch-thiiUe. 

3.  CcREt^s  treSus^  fruBu  ruhro 
noa/pinofo^  lattugino/su,  lanuginefla* 
wfcente.  Par,  Bat,  The  upright 
Torch-tfaiille,  with  yellow  Dowo^ 
and  red  Fruit  without  Spinei. 

4.  Cekeus  er{Bus  craj/ijimm  ma- 
xime  angulofirs^  fpinis  alhis  fluribus 
longiffimis^  lauugine  fia*va.  Boerb, 
lad.  The  largeft  upright  Torch* 
thiftle^  with  large  Angles,  and  white 
Spines,  having  a  yellow  Down  on 
the  Top. 

5.  CerBui  ere^us  gracilis  fpinO" 
^Jfimusy    rpinis  fianjis  polygonis^   Ut* 

nugine  alba  pallifcente,  Boerb.  Ind, 
The  kfier  upright  Torch  -  thiftle, 
with  many  Angles,  and  yellow 
Spines,  with  a  white  Down  oH  th< 

Top. 

6.  Cereus  ereffus  gracilior  Jpi* 
nofiffimusy  fpinis  albis^  polygonus. 
Boerb. IndThe  leiTer  upright  Torch- 
ihiftle,  with  white  Spines. 

7.Ce RE u  S  altij/jmus  gracilior ^fru^ 
3u  extus  luteo,  inttu  ni*veo,  feminihus 
mgris^pleno,  Sloan.  Cat.  The  leAbr 
upright  Torch-thiille,  with  Fruit  on 
the  Outiide  yellow,  and  white  with- 
in, and  full  of  bla^k  Seeds. 

8.  Cereus  maxjimusy  fruStu  fpi^ 
^  rybro.    Par.  B^t.    yh^  great- 


C  E 

ell  Torch-thifUe,  with  red  piddf 
Fruit. 

,9*  Cereus  fcandens  minor  tngo* 
nas  articuiatusy  fruQu  fstaviffima* 
Par,  Bat,  The  leifer  triangular 
creeping  jointed  Torch-chiHle,  with 
the  JweeteH  Fruit ;  commonly  calle4 
m  Barbados,  The  true  prickly  Pear. 
10. Ce REUS  crifiatvs  ereBus,  foliie 
trias^ularihusyprofundi  canaliadatis, 
Plstk,  Phyt,  The  creftcd  triangular 
Torch-thiftle,  with  dtt^  Furrows. 

11.  Cnvitv^  fcandens  minor  polj^ 
gonus  articulatus.  Par.  Bat,,  The 
leffer  creeping  jointed  Torch- thiiUc^ 
with  many  Angles. 

12.  CiREVs  minimus  articulattu 
polygonus  fpinqfiis.  Boerb,  Ltd.  The 
leall  prickly  jointed  Torch-thiiUe, 
with  many  Angles. 

13.  Cerevs  fcandens  minimus  fo^ 
lygonus  fpinofuSf  fpinis  mellibus,  florg 
pstrpureo.  The  lead  climbing  Torch* 
thiftle,  with  foft  Spines,  and  a  pur- 
ple Flower. 

l4.CEREt;8  fcolopendri4e folio  hra^ 
cbiato.  H.Eltb,  Torch- thiiUe  w^th 
a  Ceterach-leaf. 

The  £rfl  Sort  n  the  hardieft,  a^ 
alfo  the  mod  common  in  England  of 
any  of  thefe  Sorts,  and  may  be  pre- 
ferved  in  a  good  Green-houfe  with-: 
out  artificial  Heat,  provided  the  Froft 
is  kept  intirely  out,  and  the  Plant 
kept  y^ry  dry  all  the  Winter  5  for 
Wet  is  the  greatefl  Enemy  to  thefe 
Plants. 

The  feccnd,  third,  fourth,  fifch, 
fixth,  feventh,  and  eighth  Sores  are 
fomewhat  tenderer,  and  require  a 
little  artificial  Warmth  in  very  bad 
Weather ;  therefore  thefe  fhould  be 
placed  in  a  Stove,  which  is  kept  up 
to  a  temperate  Heat,  marked  on  the 
Botanic  Thermometers ;  che(e  muil 
alfo  have  very  little  Water  in  the 
Wintcr-feafgn. 

The  ninth  Sort  Is,  by  the  Inhabit- 
ants of  Bsfrbados,  trained  up  againft 

their 


C  E 

(hdr  HoafeSy  for  the  fake  of  its 
Fruity  which  is  aboQt  the  Bignefs  of 
a  Bergamot  Pear,  and  of  a  moft  de- 
licious Flavour.  This,  with  the  tenth, 
tleventhy  twelfth,  diirteenth,  and 
fourteenth  Sorts,  are  very  tender, 
and  require  a  rery  warm  Stove  to 
preferve  them :  thefe  flioald  be  placed 
againft  the  Walls  of  the  Stove,  into 
which  they  will  infinuate  thdr Roots, 
and  extend  themfelvea  to  a  great 
Length ;  and,  with  a  little  Help,  in 
laflening  them  to  the  Wall  here-and- 
there,  may  be  led  up  about  the  Ciel- 
ing  of  the  Houfe,  where  they  will 
appear  very  handfome.  And  the 
eleventh  Sort,  when  arrived  to  a  fnf* 
licient  Strength,  will  produce  many 
exceeding  large,  beautiful,  fweet- 
fcented  Flowers :  but  they  are  (like 
idl  the  Flowers  of  thefe  Kinds)  of 
▼ery  fliort  Duration,  fcarcdy  conti- 
nuing full-blown  twelve  Hours ;  nor 
do  m  fame  Flowers  ever,  open 
again,  when  once  dofed :  they  open 
in  the  Afternoon,  and,  before  the 
next  Morning,  (hut  up  again.  Thefe 
Flowers  are  as  large  as  the  Flowers 
of  a  middle  «  fized  Sun-flower :  the 
outer  Order  of  Rays  are  of  a  yel- 
low Colour  2  the  inner  are  of  a  pure 
White ;  and,  in  the  Centre  of  the 
Flowei;,  there  are  a  great  Number 
of  long  declined  Stamina :  fo  that 
when  the  Flower  is  fully  expanded, 
it  makes  a  moft  noble  Appearance ; 
and  its  Scent  is  fo  great,  as  to  per- 
fume the  whole  Air  of  the  Stove : 
but,  before  Morning,  thefe  Flowers 
will  be  quite  withered,  and  hang 
down :  nor  could  I  ever  preferve  one 
of  thefe  longer,  by  cutting  them 
from  the  Plant  while  they  were  in 
Beauty.  This  Sort  hath  not  pi'o- 
duced  any  Fruit  in  Europe. 

The  tenth  Sort  produces  a  Flower 
little  inferior  to  the  former,  as  I 
have  been  informed  by  Perfons  who 
have  feen  them  i  but  I  never  had 


C  E 

the  Fortnae  to  have  any  ef  dicft 
Planu  which  have  been  under  my 
Care  flower :  nor  have  I  keaid  of 
more  than  two  Gardens  where  they 
have  as  yet  flowered  in  England: 
the  6rft  of  them  was  many  Years 
fince,  in  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Hamf' 
fm-conrt^  where  there  was  a  curious 
CoUeftion  of  Exotic  Plants  kept  in 
good  Order  in  thofe  Gardens,  whidi 
have  fince  been  greatly  negleded: 
the  other  was  producM  in  the  Gar- 
dens of  the  Moft  Honourable  the 
Marquis  of  Rtckingbam^  at  Went- 
nomh-hafl  in  Twrhpin.  T)iefe  are 
the  only  Gardens  in  this  Country 
where  I  have  heard  of  this  Sort  hav- 
ing produced  Flowen ;  althooeh 
dim  are  many  of  thefe  Plants  in  le- 
veral  Gardens,  which  are  of  a  ooa* 
fiderabte  Age»  and  extend  their 
Brandies  to  a  very  great  Diftance. 

The  ninth  Sort  lus  never  produ- 
ced any  Flowers  as  yet  in  England^ 
nor  have  we  any  good  Figure  of  tiie 
Flower  in  any  of  the  Botanic  Books : 
but  I  have  been  informed,  by  fome 
curious  Perfons  who  have  refided  ia 
Jmeriea^  that  the  Flowers  are  not 
near  fo  beautiful  as  thofe  of  the  tenth 
and  elevendi ;  but  the  Fruit  is  great- 
ly efteemed  by  all  the  Inhabitants,     g 

The  thirteenth  Sort  produces  a 
greater  Number  of  Flowers  thaa 
either  of  the  other :  thefe  are  of  a 
fine  Pink -colour  both  within  and 
without;  and,  contrary  to  all  the 
other  Sorts,  keep  open  three  or  foor 
Days,  provided  the  Weather  is  not 
too  hot,  or  the  Stove  kept  toq  warn. 
During  the  Continuance  of  thefe 
Flowers,  they  make  a  fine  Appear- 
ance in  the  Houfe.  This  Sort  has 
very  flender  trailing  Branches,  which  ^ 
require  to  be  fupported  ;  bat  theis 
do  not  extend  fo  far  as  thofe  of  the  I 
other  Sort,  nor  are  their  Bitnchei  ' 
jointed  as  thofe  are ;  fo  they  cannot 
be  trained  (b  far  againft  the  Walls 

of 


C  E 

oftheHot-hoafe:  but  as  it  prodaces 
foch  beaatifal  Flowers,  and  ia  fo 
great  Plenty,  it  may  be  placed  among 
the  firft  Clafs  of  Exotic  Plants.  This 
Plant  bas  produced  Fruit  in  the  Gar- 
den at  Qhilfta  ;  but  it  has  not  as  yet 
ripened. 

The  foufftcentb  Sort  is  now  be- 
come pretty  coipmon  in  the  Englijb 
Gaidens,  where  it  annually  gfoduces 
Flowers  ftom  the  Edges  of  th^ 
Branches,  and  very  frequently  ripens 
iu  Fruit  alfo^  The  Flowers  ofthb 
Kind  are  not  large,  but  in  Shape 
like  thofe  of  the  Lulimn  Fig;  and 
die  Fruit  isalfo  in  Shape  like  the 
Fniit  of  that,  but  longer,  and  more 
pointed.  This  is  of  a  fine  Purple- 
tobar  widiottt,  and  full  of  fmall 
Idack  Seedsj  which  are  lodged  in 
the  Pulp. 

The  ievendi  Sort  produces  Flowers 
every  Year ;  and  fome  of  the  Fruit 
hive  ripened  in  the  Cbiffta  Garden. 
Thefe  were  in  Size  and  Shape  like 
a  fiergamot-pear,  but  had  very  little 
FIsYour.    This  is  the  only  upright 
Sort  that  flowers  freely  in  England  \ 
for  altho'  the  firft  Sort  will  frequently 
produce  Flowen,  yet  it  does  not 
&>wer  fo  conftandy  as  this  feventh, 
of  which   there  are  no  very  tall 
Plants  in  the  Gardens ;  whereas  there 
ve  great  Numbers  of  the  firft  up- 
^^ds  of  fifteen  Feet  high,  and  fome 
inore  than  twenty  :  but  when  they 
■nrive  to  this  Size,  the  Plants  are 
^cry  troublefome  to  ihift,  and  lew 
^vet  are  built  high  enough  to  con- 
^  them;  fo  that  chey  are  fre- 
quently laid  down  on  one  Side  in 
Winter,  where  Perfons  have  not 
tKe  Conveniency  for  them  to  (land 
erea. 

Thefe  are  all  propagated  by  Cut- 
is's  fo  that  if  you  intend  to  in- 
*^e  the  Number  of  them,  you 
'    noft  cot  off  their  Stems'  at  wMt 
Usgth  you  pleafe :  thefe  (houid  be 


Cfi 

laid  in  a  dry  Place  to  heal,  at  leall 
ten  Days  or  a  Fortnight  before  they 
are  planted ;  but  if  they  lie  three 
Wedcs,  it  is  much  the  better,  and 
they  will  be  in  lefs  Danger,  elpeci- 
ally  thofe  Sorts  which  are  the  moft 
fuc&lent. 

Thefe  Cuttings  (hould  be  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  light  fandy  Earthy 
with  «^  Mixture  of  Lime-rubbi(h, 
laying  fome  Stones  in  the  Bottom 
of  the  Pots  to  drain  off  the  Moifture; 
then  place  the  Pots  into  a  gentle 
Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  to  faci- 
litate their  rooting,  giving  iktm 
once  a  Week  a  gentle  Watering. 

The  beft  Seafon  for  thb  Work  b 
in  ymu  or  Jidy^  that  they  may  have 
time  to  root  before  Winter:  towards 
the  middle  of  Augufi  you  muft  be- 
gin to  give  them  Air  by  degrees,  to 
harden  them  againft  Winter ;  but 
they  (hould  not  be  wholly  expofed 
to  the  open  Air  or  Sun :  at  the  £nd 
of  Septtmbir  they  muff  be  removed 
into  the  Stove  where  they  are  to 
abide  the  Winter;  during  which 
Seafon  you  mnft  be  very  careful  not 
to  let  them  have  much  Water :  and 
always  obferve  to  place  the  young 
Planu,  for  the  firft  Winter,  in  a  little 
warmer  Situation  than  the  older 
Plants,  as  bebg  fomewhat  ten- 
derer. 

Thefe  Plants  fliould  always  have 
a  dry  Situation  in  Winter;  for  as 
they  imbibe  the  greateft^art  of  their 
Nooriihment  from  the  circumam- 
bient Air;  fo  if  this  be  too  replete 
with  moift  Particles,  it  will  occafion 
their  rotting;  nor  ihould  any  of 
them  be  expofed  abroad,  not  even 
in  the  midft  of  Summer ;  for  great 
Rains,  which  often  happen  at  that 
Seafon,  are  vtxy  injurious  to  them : 
the  firft  eight  Soru  (houki  be  there- 
fore placed  fo  as  to  enjoy  a  free  Air 
in  the  Summer,  but,  at  the  fiime 
tjme»  fcreened  from  Rains,  and  great 

Dews: 


C  E 

JDtwv:  it  wiD  ttierefore  be  moch 
Ae  better  Method  to  fet  tbem  in  aa 
^)peA  Glafs-ftove,  where  the  Wm- 
dows  may  be  fet  open  ifi  good  Wea- 
ther, aad  fllut  in  cold  or  wet.  The 
<ilher  fear  Sorts  muft  not  be  expofed 
too  much  to  the  open  Air,  even  in 
the  hotteft  Seaibn,  efpeckllj  if  you 
,^fign  to  haiFe  them  flower ;  and  iii 
Winter  they  fhould  be  kept  very 
warm,  and  have  no  Water  given 
them. 

When  yfm  have  once  cnt  off  the 
Tops  of  any  of  thefe  Pfants,  in 
<»rder  to  tncreafe  thM,  the  lower 
Parts  will  put  forth  frefh  Shoots 
from  their  Angles,  which,  when 
pown  to  be  eight  or  nine  Inches 
long,  may  alfo  be  taken  off  to  make 
freih  Plants ;  and,  by  this  means, 
the  otd-Plants  will  continutUy  aifbrd 
a  Supply ;  fo  that  yoa  never  need 
cut  off  above  one  Plant  of  a  Sort, 
which  yoa  fhould  preferve  for  a 
Breeder. 

Thefe  Plants  being  focculent,  they 
will. bear  to  be  a  long  time  out  of 
the  Ground ;  therefore,  whoever 
hath  a  mind  to  get  any  of  them  from 
the  Weft' Indies^  need  give  no  other 
Inftru^ioBS  to  their  Friends,  but  to 
cnt  them  off,  and  let  them  lie  two 
or.  three  Days  to  dry  ;  then  put 
^  them  up  in  a  Box  with  dry  Hay  or 
Straw,  ■  to  keep  them  from  wound- 
ing each  other  with  their  Spines* 
and  if  they  are  two  or  three  Months 
on  their  Paflage,  they  will  keep 
very  well,  provided  no  Wet  get  to 
them. 

CERINTHE.  Hooey-wort.  ' 
The  CharaBers  are ; 

//  hath  glaucws  Jee^green  Lea*veTy 
Hvhich  are,  /hr  the  moft  fart^  htfet 
njulth  Prickles :  the  Fldtoers  are  eylin* 
drical^  conftfting  of  we  Leaf  in  Shape 
like  thofe  of  Comfrey,  and  art  fen* 
duhus :  each  Fltnxjer  is  fucceedtd  by 
#W0  oblong,  naked  Seids, 


C  E 

The  species  are  j 

k.  CERiirrHE  fuonptdam  majof, 
^^ficohre  Jlore,  f.  B.  The  larger 
Honey -wort,  with  party  -  coloured 
•Flowers. 

2.  Cerintrb  futremdum  major, 
Jpino/o  folio,  favo  Jlore.  y,B,  The 
larger  Honey -wort,  wiA  pricklf 
Leaves,  and  ydlOH  Flowers. 

5.  CEKINTHe  fmormndam  mejor, 
ftore  ex  ruhr^  pmrpurafctnte*  J.  B* 
The  larger  Honey-i^rt,  with  rdlfi 
purple  Flowers. 

4.  Cerinthe  fuorwndam  mmr, 
favoJhrtJj.B,  The  kiler  Honey- 
wort,  with  yellow  Flowers. 

5.  Cerinthb  y9//o  nommaetUh 
tfiridi.  C.  J.  Hoaey-wort  widi 
deep'green  Leaves  wkhout  Spots. 

6.  Cerinthe  Jhre  nferfieolwt  ex 
alho  &f  rmhro,  Boerh,  Ind,  Honey- 
wort  with  red  and  white  party-co- 
lour'd  Flowers. 

7.  Cerinthe  /lore  ifer/tc9i9re,  ex 
alho  iff  purpureo.  Boerh.  Ltd.  Ho- 
ney-wort with  purple  and  white 
party-colour'd  Flowers: 

The  feveral  Varieties  of  this  Pbnt 
are  propagated  by  Seeds,  whick 
fhould  be  fown  foon  after  they  ve 
ripe;  for,  if  they  are  kept  oil 
Spring,  the  growing  Qaaltty  of 
them  is  often  lof( :  the  Plants  are 
hardy,  and  if  the  Seeds  are  fown  is 
a  warm  Situation,  they  will  endmt 
the  Wirttcr's  CoW  very  wdl  without 
Shelter:  thefe  autumnal  Plants  alfo 
are  much  -furer  to  produce  ripe  Seeds 
than  thofe  which  were  fown  in  tbe 
Spring,  which  are  generally  late  in 
the  Scafon  before  they  flower ;  and 
confequently,  if  the  Autnma  fliouid 
not  prove  very  warm,  their  Seeds 
would  not  be  perfefled. 

Thefe  Plants  arc  pretty  Varieties 
for  large  Borders  in  Gardens,  where, 
if  they  are  fuffcred  to  drop  their 
Seeds,  the  Plants  will  arife  wicboat 
any  farther  Care  1   fo-  that  when  s 

Pcrfon 


C  E  C  E 

hthtk  is  once  fomifiied  with  the  and  by  others  they  were  made  of  4l 

ieveral  Varieties,  jle  need  be  at  no  diftind  Genus,  under  the  Title  of 

more  Trouble  than  to  allow  each  Jafminoidee,  wiuch  Naofte  Dr.  />*«- 

of  them  a  refpedive  Place,  where  it  ititMs  has  changed  to  Ctfimm. 

ibay  remain,  and  fow  itfelf :   and,  The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 

with  this  Cuiture,  there  is  a  greater  the  Ifland  of  Jamaita^  where  tho 

Certainty  of  preierving  the  Sorts  Inhabitants  give  it  the   Name  of 

than  in  any  other  Management ;  nor  Foifon-berries,  from  the  Quality  of 

will  they  perhaps  be  intirdy  loft  in  its  Fruit,  which  is  poifonous  t  thi« 

this  way,  if  it  fhoald  happen  that  sever  grows  above  eight  or  ten  Fceir 

the  Seafon  fhould  prevent  its  ma-  high  :   (he  Flowers  come  oat  at  tha 

taratiag  the  Seed,  as  it  fometimes  ^ootilalks  of  the  Leaves,  which  are 

proves ;  for  when  great  Quantities  of  a  greent(h  -  yellow  Colour,  and 

of  the  Seeds  have  fcattered  upon  the  have  a  lery  ftrong  Scent :  this  Shreb 

Groand,  fome  of  them  will  be  bn>  is  alio  f  ery  common  in  the  Sftmifi 

ried  fo  deep,  in  ftfrrine  the  Earth,  Wift-lniih^  where  the '  Inhabitants 

asnX)t  to  grow  the  firil  Year;  which,  give  it  the  Name  of  Dama  da  DiSf 

opon  being  tnmed  up  to  the  Air^  orLadyof  the  Day,  from  its  Flowers 

the  (ucceeding  ^Year,  will  come  up  appearing  open,  and  having  a  fhong 

ai  wdl  as  new  Seeds.  Scent  in  the  Day,  but  fall  away  at 

CESTRUM,  Baflard  Jafmine.  Night.     The  fecond  Sort  they  call 

T^ Ch^ir^t&ers  are;  Dama  da  Nffche,  i,  e.    Lady  of  the 

^he  Empaltmmt  ef  the  fk^^er  is  Night,  when  thefe  Flowers  open» 

tf  me  Leafy  having  a  tafer  Tuhe^  and  fmell  very  fweet. 

oiiis  cut  intoJk;eParts  at  theBrim:  All  thefe  Sorts  are  Natives  of  the 

fhe  Flower  h  futmel-papedy  having  warm  Parts  of  America ;   theref:>re 

«  Icng  narrovj  cylindrical  Tube,  and  will  not  live  thro*  the  Winter  in  this 

f^ad  open   at    the  Top^    and  cut  Country,  unlefs  they  are  placed  in 

into  five  efuai  Parti :   rn  the  Cen^  a  warm  Stove  :  they  may  be  all  of 

trr  of  the  Flovoer    is  Jhuated  an  .them  propagated  by  Cuttings  in  the 

9^0.1  Germen,  attended  by  five  Sta-  Summer-months  ;    but  they  (honld 

Ktina  :  the  Germen  aftervoard  he-  be  plunged  into  a  Bed  of  Tanners 

ernes  an  oval  Berry ^  containing  ofte  Bark,  and  (haded  in  the  Heat  of  the 

^ted  of  the  fame  Form,  Day  from  the  Sun,  until  they  have 

The  Species  are ;  taken  Root ;  and  then  they  maybe 

1.  Cist 9.V M  Jhribtts  pedtmculatis,  afteru'ard  planted  each  into  a  fcpa- 
Vn.  Hort.  Cliff.  Baftard  jafmine,  rate  Pot  filled  with  freih  loamy  Earth, 
called  in .  the  Weft*lnSet  Poifbn-  and  (hould  be  plunged  again  into  the 
berry.  Hot- bed,  until  they  are  e(hibli(he'd 

2.  Cestrum  fortius  fejjilihus.  in  the  Pots ;  after  which  they  mull 
Im.  Hdrf.  Cliff,  Baftard  Jafmrne,  have  a  large  Share  of  frcfli  Air, 
with  Flowers  growing  dofe  to  the'  otherwife  they  will  draw  up  weak.  • 
Branches.  Thefe  Plants   may  be    expoTed 

3.  CESTRiT.*f  fdiis  ovatis^  Jlore  abroad  in  a  warm-fiieltered  Sicua- 
funieilato.  Baftard  Jafmine,  with  tion,  from  Midfummer  until  the  Mid- 
Iwgc  oval  Leaves,  and  Howcrs  die  of  *  September  i  at  whieh  time 
powtng  in  Umbels.  they  fhould  be   removed  into  the 

Thefe  PJants  have  been  by  ibme  Stove,  and,  by  expofing  thefe  Plants 

ktaaifts  ranged  with  the  Jafmine,  during  that  time,  it  will  caufe  them 

to 


CH 

to  hftTC  more  Strength;  fothattKey 
will  flower  better  than  if  they  are 
omftandy  kept  in  the  Stove ;  they 
w31  alfo  be  more  clear  from  Infefb, 
which  are  very  apt  to  attack  thefe 
Thnts,  efpecially  when  they  are 
drawn  up  weak:  and  if  thefe  Infedb, 
and  the  Filth  which  they  occaflout 
are  not  frequently  wafhed  oiF  from 
their  Leaves,  the  Plants  will  foon 
grow  very  ikk.  «>d  make  a  bad 
Appearance. 

Whdi  thefe  Plants  are  placed  in 
the  Baric-bed  during  the  Winter- 
Icafoo,  they  will  thrive,  and  produce 
Plenty  of  Flowers,  but  otherwife 
sarely  produce  any  in  this  Country; 
nor  will  their  Flowers  be  near  fo 
large  or  beautiful :  if  thefe  are  kept 
in  a  Stove  whofe  Heat  is  not  lefs 
than  the  temperate  Point  in  Winter, 
they  will  thrive  better  than  in  a 
greater  Warmth. 

Thefe  Plants  ufually  grow  about 
leven  or  eight  Feet  high,  with  many 
Stems  from  the  Root ;  fo  cannot  be 
trained  to  have  but  one  Stem. 

The  other  Species,  which  were 
Ibrmerly  included  in  this  Genus, 
are  referred  to  the  Genus  Lycium. 

CETERACH.  f?^/^  Afplenium. 

CHiEROPHYLLUM,  ChcrvU. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

It  is  an  wnheWferws  Plant ^  nub$fg 
Lea*;/is  ^r^  divided  into  many  Seg^ 
miiUs :  the  Petals  of  the  Flower 
are  bifid ^  and  heart -Jha fed  \  and 
oach  Flower  is  fueeeeded  hy  t*wo  long 
Seeds,  'which  are  not  furrowed. 
The  Species  are ; 

l.CHiEROPHYLi.u  vi/ati<vum. 
C.  B.  Garden  or  manured  Chervil. 

a.  Cu  A  RO  PH  Y  LLU  M  fyheftre  per- 
enne,  cieutte  folio,  Toum,  Wild 
perennial  Chervil,  or  Cow-weed. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  culti- 
vated ia  the  Kitchen-garden  for  Sal- 
lads,  efc.    The  Seeds  of  this  Plant 


C  M 

fliould  be  fown  in  Aatnnm,  fooA 
after  it  b  ripe,  or  very  early  in  the 
Spring,  x)therwi(iB  it  very  often  mif- 
carries ;  and  as  the  Plant  is  annual^ 
if  it  have  a  cool  fliady  Spot  of 
Ground  allotted  for  it,  and  be  fuf* 
fered  to  fow  itfelf,  it  will  thrive  bet- 
ter than  when  cultivated  by  Art. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  wild  upon 
moil  dry  Banks  and  Hedge  •ndes 
near  London. 

CHAMi£C£RASUS.  Fidehh 
nicera. 

CHAM-fiCISTUS.  y'ide  ht- 
lianthemum. 

CHAM^CLEMA.  Fide  Gk^ 
chonuu 

CHAM-«CYPARISSUS.  Fide 
Santolina. 

CHAMiEDAPHNE.  Fide 
Rufctts. 

CHAMi£DRYS,  Germander. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

It  hath  fmall  tbiek  Leaves ^  which 
are  Uciniated  fomewhat  Hie  thefe  •f 
the  Oak :  the  Flowers,  nubieb  ore 
produced  eU  the  Wings  of  the  Leaves, 
are  labiated:  the  Stamina  «r  Thread 
fupply  the  Place  of  the  Crefi,  or  Uppers 
lip :  the  Beard,  or  Lower-lip  of  the 
Fkwer,  is  Swded  into  five  Parts : 
the  middle  Segment,  which  is  large/, 
is  hollow  Hie  a  Spoon,  emd  fonutisees 
di<vided  into  tvio  Parts :  the  Cnf  of 
the  Flower  is  fifiulous. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Cham  ADR  Ys  major  refesu, 
C.  B,  The  greater  creeping  Ger- 
mander. 

2.  Chamjedrys  minor  repexs, 
C.  B,  The  jfmaller  creeping  Gtr* 
mander. 

3.  Chamadrys  laciniatis  fo&iu 
Lob,    Germander  with  cut  Leaves. 

4.  Cmam AORYs  Hifpanica  teoa- 
folia  multiflora.  H.  /?.  Par.  Nar- 
row-leaved Spanifif  Germander,  wicii 
many  Flowers. 

,    5.  Cha- 


C  H 

J.  Cham^drys  jllptnii  fruti- 
J^aUffilio/plenJente.^oum.  Shrubby 
GernnkDder  of  the  AI^^  with  fhine- 
iog  Leaves. 

6.  Cham/edrys  fruHcofa  Cri- 
tical furpureo  flore,  Tourn,  Shrubby 
Germander  of  Crete^  with  a  purple 
Flower. 

7.CHAMADRYS  niultifida  /pirn fa 
•iorata,  Vir,  Lufit.  Prickly  fweet- 
fmeUing  Germaifder,  with  Leaves 
diTided  into  many  Parts. 

Thefe  Plants  are  feldom  cultivated 

b  Gardens :    the  firft  Sort  grows 

wild  in    many   Parts  of  England^ 

where  it  is  gathered,  and  brought  to 

tkc  Markets  for  medicinal   Ufes  : 

the  fecond  Sort  grows  wild  in  the 

Southern   Parts    of  France  \    from 

whence    feveral    Botanic   Gardens 

have  beeft  fupplied  with  the  Seeds : 

the  fourth  Sort  is  very  common  in 

^p«M  and  Portugal:    thefe  are  all 

of  dicm  very   humble  Plants,  their 

Branches  always  trailing  upon  the 

Ground  ;  therefore  never  rife  more 

than  a  Foot  high ;  but  the  fifth  Sort 

grows  ihrubby,  and  often  Hfes  to 

three  Feet  high ;  and  being  an  Ever^- 

green,  may  be  allowed  a  Place  in 

large  Gardens,    for    the    fake    of 

Variety:  this  is  a  Native  of  the ^i^/; 

fo  will  endure  the  feverell  Cold  in 

the  open   Air,    and    will    produce 

plenty  of  Seeds;  by  which  the  Plant 

jnsy  be  readily  propagated,  if  fown 

i&  the  Spring,  in  a  Bed  of  common 

^th,  in  an  open  Situation. 

The  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts  (hould 
have  the  Shelter  of  a  Wall,  Hedge, 
or  Pale,  to  protect  them  from  tiie 
North  and  Ball  Winds,  which  are 
betimes  deftru^ve  to  them,  if 
too  much  expofed  thereto.  Thefe 
Sorts  may  alfo  be  increafed,  by 
planting  their  Cuttings  in  a  fliady 
"Order,  in  May  or  June ;  which,  if 
^^JpUcd  with  Water  in  dry  Weather, 
WUl  take  Root  very  well  in  about 
Vol.  L 


C  H 

threci  Mdnth^  time,  wheii  they  taty 
be  removed  with  Safety. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  biennial  Plants 
rarely  abiding  after  it  hath  perfected 
its  Seeds :  this  fhottld  be  fown  in  a 
Border  which  b  fcreened  from  the 
cold  Winds ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted  to  ri  greater  Diftance  in  the 
fame  well-fheltered  Border  1  and  the 
Spring  following  the  Plants  will 
flower^  and  foon  after  will  perfefk 
their  Seeds ;  which,  if  permitted  to 
fcatter  upon  the  Ground,  will  arife 
of  themfelves,  without  any  more 
Trouble,  and  need  only  to  be  tranf-* 
planted  where  the  Plants  are  intended 
to  remain. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  aM 
very  hardy,  and  propagate  them-»' 
felves  very  faft  by  their  creeping 
Roots,  which,  if  fufFered  to  fpread^ 
as  they  are  naturally  inclined,  will^ 
in  a  fhort ,  time,  cover  a  l^rge  Spot 
of  Ground ;  therefore  they  ihould 
be  planted  at  a  good  Diftance,  and 
removed  every  Spring  or  Autumn^ 
left  they  over-run  the  Ground. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  prefcribed  in 
the  la/l  College  DiJpeufaiwjJ  bat  the 
firft  is  our  common  Sort  in  England^ 
which  is  what  the  Markets  are  fup- 
plied  withal  s  the  fecond  being  to  b« 
found  only  in  curious  Gardens  o£ 
Plants. 

CHAMiELiEA.  FideCneotiSLYa, 

CHAMiEMELUM,  Camomile* 
The  CharaSers  arei 

//  haih  a  fihrofi  Root:  'the  Cup  of 
the  Fio-wer  is  fyuamop^  vjbich  #*•- 
pands^  and  appears  like  many  Lta*oes  i 
the  Flowers  are^  foY-  the  Moft  pnrt^ 
radiated:  the  Petals  of  the  Flo^jjer 
are  luhite^  and  the  Dijk yellow :  tht 
Leagues  are  Cut  into  fini  Segment^, 
The  Species  are  1 

t.  Chama:mbluM  oddroHJ/tmuHk 
repens^  flare  fimplici.  J.  B,  Sweet* 
fcented  creeping  Camomile* 


C  H 

3.  Cham/emelum  npint  mfora- 
tiffimum  ferennif  flore  multipUci,  J,  B. 
Sweet^fcented  creeping  Camomile, 
wich  doable  Flowers. 

.  3.  CHAMiEMELUM  n/ulgare  ama- 
rum.  J.  B.  Common  bitter  Camo- 
mile. 

4.  CHAMXUttVM/apiiJum,  C.  B. 
Stinking  Camomile,  or  May-weed. 

5.  CuAM^EMELUM  majus,  foUo 
tmuiJpmOf  cauU  ruhentt,  H.  R,  Par. 
jCarger  Camomile^  with  narrow-cut 
Leaves,  and  redifn  Stalks.  « 

6.  Ckam/emelum  lencantbemum 
Hi/panicvm^  magna  Jiore,  C.B,  Spanijb 
Camomile,  with  large  Flowers. 

.7.  CHAMiEMELUM  Cbium  ver^ 
Hum,  folio  crajpori,  flore  magno.  T, 
Cor,  Spring  thick-leav^d'Camomile 
of  QfiOf  with  large  Flowers. 

8.  Chamahelum  OriiHtali  in^ 
tanum,  folio  millifolii,  T.  Cor^  Eaft- 
ern  Camomile,  with  hoary  narrow 
Leaves. 

9.  CHAMJEMBLt^M  Lujitanicum 
latifolium,  fi*ue  coronopi  folio,  Breyn, 
Bi'oad-leav'd  Fcrtugal  Camomile. 

10.  Cham  JEM  SLUM  .X^hiopicum 
lamiginofum,  fore  albo.  Breyn,  Ethi- 
opian woolly  Camomile,  with  a  white 
Flower. 

11.  Chamauelvm  JEihiopicum 
Janugino/um,  fore  luUo,  Boerh.  Ind. 
Ethiopian  woolly  Camomile,  with  a 
yellow  Flower. 

12.  Chamamelum  OrieutaU, 
folHs  piimatis.  7,  Cor,  Eaflern  Ca- 
momile, with  pennated  Leaves. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  kept  in  cu- 
Tious  Botauic  Gardens;  but  thefe 
here  mentioned  are  the  principal 
Sorts  we  have  at  preient  in  the  Ettg- 
UJh  Qardens. 

The  firfl  Sort  is  the  common  Ca- 
momile of  the  Shops,  and  is  the  only 
Kind  which  is  propagated  for  Ufe 
in  the  Efigfijh  Gardens :  this  was 
ibrmcrly  in  great  Re^uoft  for  mak^- 


c  H 

ing  of  green  Walks ;  but  as  It  is 
very  fubjed  to  rot  in  Winter,  cfpe- 
cially  when  grown  pretty  thick, 
whereby  the  Walks  planted  there- 
with wUl  have  many  bare  Patchirs, 
and  are  thereby  rendered  very  on- 
fightly,  it  hath  occafioned  the  DiTufe 
of  it  for  thofe  Purpofes  of  later 
Years ;  but  it  is  fUll  cultivated  in 
Phyfic-gardens  for  medicinal  Ufe, 
tho'  it  grows  wild* in  great  Plenty 
on  moli  of  the  large  Commons  or 
Heaths  near  London, 

The  fccond  Sort  is  preferved  in 
Gardens  for  the  Variety  of  its  very 
double  Flowers  ;  but  is  not  fo  good 
for  medicinal  Ufes  as  the  common, 
tho'  at  prefent  it  is  more  generally 
vfed. 

There  is  alfo  another  Variety  of 
this  Plant,  which  isfometimes  found 
wild  amongft  the  common,  that  hath 
naked  Flowers,  being  intirely  de- 
ftitute  of  Petals,  or  Flower-leaves. 

Thefe  three  Sorts  are  eafily  pro- 
pagated in  a  Gard^,  by  parting 
their  Roots,  and  planting  them  about 
eight  or  ten  Inches  diftant  every 
Way  ;  for  they  are  great  Spreaders, 
efpecially  when  planted  in  a  good 
Soil.  The  beil  Seafon  for  this  Work 
is  in  March :  they  all  thrive  beA  in 
a  poor  SoiL 

The  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  Sorts 
are  common  Plants  in  moH  Parts  of 
EnglamT;  and  are  rarely  preferved 
in  Garden*,  unlefs  it  be  in  public 
Botanic  Gardens,  to  increafe  the 
Number  of  Varieties. 

The  other  Sorts,  tho'  Strangen  in 
our  Climate,  yet  will  do  very  well, 
if  fown  in  the  Spring  of  the  Year  in 
an  open  Bed  of  frefh  Earth,  except 
the  tenth  and  eleventh  Sorts,  which 
are  fomewhat  tenderer,  and  fliould 
be  firil  rais'd  in  a  moderate  Hot-bed, 
and  may  afterwards  be  tranfplanted 
abroad,  where  they  will  flower, 
and  ripen  their  Seeds  very  well: 

they 


C  M 

^kty  iire  moil  of  them  Antia^ts  j 
therefore  ihould  either  be  fown 
every  Springs  or  their  Seeds  faf- 
fcred  to  fow  themfelves^  whereby 
tbe  Laboar  may  be  iaved  of  preferv- 
ing  their  Seeds ;  and  the  Plants 
wbich  arife  from  their  Seeds  in  Au- 
tumn^  if  they  ftand  tbe  Winter^  will 
fewer  early  the  fucceeding  Sum- 
tner,  and  perfedl  their  Seeds  better 
than  if  (own  in  tbe  Spring. 

Thefe  Varieties  are  very  proper 
for  all  carious  ColledHons  of  Plants  $ 
but  are  feldom  preferved  in  Gardens 
for  Ufe  or  Pleafure. 

CHAMiEMESPILUS.  r/d^Mef- 
pihis. 

CHAM^MORUS.  raf^  Ru- 
bos. 

CHAMiENERION.  f^ide  Epi- 
lobiam. 

CHAMiEPITYS.  Fide  Ten- 
crium. 

CHAMjERIPHES.  T/V^Palma. 

CHAMiERUBUS.  T/V^Rubus. 
.   CHAM^ESYCE.      Fide  Tithy- 
inalua. 

CHAMi£RHODODENDRON> 
Sweet  Mountain* rofe. 

The  CbaraSiers  are  j 

It  bath  a  tubulovs  Fionver^  con*  , 
fifting  9/  oni  Leaf^  Jhaptd  fomi'wbai 
iike  a  Funnel  i  from  lobofe  Cup  arifcs 
tbe  Fohitai^  fixed  iike  a  Nail  in  tbe 
binder  Part  of  tbe  Flenver^  tvbich 
afterwoard  becomes  an  oblong  Fruity 
dhfided  into  fi*ve  Ceils^  in  ivbicb  are 
eoMtained  many  fuery  fmall  Seeds, 
The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Chamjerhododbndron  J^l- 
fimtem  glabmm,  Toum,  Smooth 
Moantain-rofe  of  the  Jlps. 

2.  Cham^rhododendron  ^/o 
fdmtpm  tuilbfum.  Toum.  Hairy  Moun- 
tsin-roie  of  the  Jlps. 

3.  Ckam/errododisndron  jfl' 
finam  ferpyllifolium.  Tourn,  Moun- 
laio-rofe  of  the  Alps,  with  a  Mother-* 
Qf-tfayme-lcaf, 


C  M 

4.    CllAitfARHODODBNbROK     /if* 

dicum^fiore  amplo  coccineo,  Tourn,  In* 
dian  Mountain-rofe^  with  a  larg« 
fcarlet  Flower. 

5.  Chamarhoiio0bn0ron  Ame* 
ricanum  femper-tvirens,  fioribsts  dilati 
harness  parpureis.  maeulis  notatiu 
The  American  Mountain-rofe^  with 
ever- green  Leaves^  and  flefh-coiour'd 
Flowers  fpotted  with  Purple. 

The  firft,  fecond,  and  third  Sorts 
grow  wild  on  the  Alps^  as  alfo  npoit 
feveral  Hills  in  Germany  and  Au^- 
firia  ;  bat  are  with  great  Difficulty 
preferved  in  Gardens  in  this  Coun-^ 
try.  The  belt  Method  to  cultivate 
thefe  Plants  if,  to  put  them  inta 
Pots  filled  with  frefh  loamy  Earth, 
and  place  them  in  a  ihady  Situation^ 
obferving  to  water  them  conflantly 
in  dry  Weather,  otherwife  they  will  - 
(bon  decay  3  for  in  their  natural  Si* 
tuacion  they  have  frequent  Rains, 
and  very  great  Dews,  whereby  th« 
Ground  is  kept  continually  moid} 
fo  that  when  thefe  Plants  are  tranf- 
planced  into  a  drier  Situation,  if 
they  are  not  duly  watered,  they  ar« 
foon  deftroycd. 

They  may  be  propagated  by  lay* 
iflg  down  their  tender  Branches  early 
in  Spring,  which,  if  duly  watered, 
will  take  Root  by  the  following 
Spring ;  when  they  (hoald  be  fepa*' 
rated  from  the  old  Plants^  ar.d  tranf-- 
planted,  either  into  Pots  filled  with 
frefh  loamy  Earth,  or  into  a  fbady 
ikioift  Border  1  where,  if  they  aree 
duly  watered  in  dry  Weather,  they 
will  thrive,  and  produce  theif 
Flowers ;  but  they  will  not  peffe^^ 
their  Seeds  in  this  Country. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  very  tender  1 
therefore  mull  be  placed  in  a  warm 
Stove  in  Winter,  otherwife  it  wilt 
not  live  in  this  Country.  This  Kind" 
may  be  propagated  by  laying  down 
the  tender  Branches,  which  will  take 
Root  in  one  Year,  provided  they 
X  %  are 


C  H 

«re  duly  watered:  then  tbey  may 
be  taken  off  from  the  old  Plant, 
and  each  planted  into  a  feparate 
fniall  Pot  filled  with  frefh  loamy 
Earth ;  and,  if  the  Poo  are  placed 
in  a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
Bark,  and  the  GlafTes  ihaded  in  the 
Heat  of  the  Day,  until  the  Plants 
hare  uken  new  Root,  it  will  be  a 
very  fafe  Method  to  preferve  them, 
and  will  greatly  promote  their 
Growth. 

The  fecond  Year  after  thefe  Layers 
are  taken  from  the  old  Plants,  they 
will  produce  Flowers,  and  continue 
fo  to  do  every  Year  after.  Thefe 
Plants  may  be  pbced  abroad  in  Sum- 
mer ;  but  they  muft  not  be  taken 
out  of  the  Stove  till  the  Middle  of 
June,  and  mnft  be  placed  where 
they  may  be  well  defended  from 
llrong  Winds  ;  otherwife  they  will 
lofe  their  Leaves  in  Summer,  which 
will  prevent  their  Flowering  :  nor 
ihould  they  remain  abroad  too  late 
in  Autumn ;  for  if  they  remain  fo 
late  as  to  be  pinch'd  by  morning 
Frofi?,  theyfeldom  furvive  it;  be- 
caufe,  when  the  upper  Leaves,  and 
tender  Shoots,  are  nipped ,  the  Shoots 
will  quickly  decay,  and  the  whole 
Plant  be  foon  deftroyed.  In  Sum- 
mer thefe  Plants  require  to  be  plen- 
tifully watered ;  but  in  Winter  they 
fhould  not  have  too  large  Quantities, 
but  muft  be  frequently  refrclhcd. 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the 
Northern  Parts  of  America^  and  at 
prefent  is  very  rare  in  Europt:  this 
Plant  has  large  Leaves  like  thofe  of 
the  Laurel,  and  produces  its  Flowers 
in  Clufters  at  the  End  of  the  Shoots, 
which  make  afine  Appearance  during 
their  Continuance ;  and  the  Leaves 
continuing  all  the  Year,  renders  it 
one  of  the  fineft  Shrubs  of  the  Coun- 
try. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Plant  rarely  grow 
when  brought  over :  fo  the  bed  Me-. 


CH 

thod  is  to  procure  the  Planb  frtMll 
America  i  which,  if  planted  in  a 
moid  Soil,  and  a  (he)tered  Situation, 
will  live  abroad  in  the  full  Ground. 
There  are  fome  Plants  of  this  Kind 
now  growing  in  the  Gardens  of  his 
Grace  the  Duke  of  Argyll^  at  Wbit- 
ton^  near  Hounflo'w, 

CHELIDONIUM  MINUS.  VUi 
Ranunculus. 

CHELIDONIUM  MAJUS,The 
greater  Celandine. 

The  Charaders  are ; 
The  Cup  of  the  Flonver  C9nfifts  %f 
tivo  Leaves y  ivbich  foon  fall  away: 
the  Flwuer  hath  four  heames^  nuhkb 
are  expantled  in  form  of  a  Crofs:  the 
0*vary  in  the  Bafe  of  the  Flower  is 
furrounded    by    many    Stamina,     or 
Threads  :  the  Flowers  foon  fall  away^ 
and  are  fucceeded  by  many  bi'uahot 
PodSf  ivbich  contain  many /mail  round 
Seeds:  and  the  whole  Plant  is  full  of 
ayelknv  hot  fnice. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Chelioonivm  majtts  vulgare, 
C,  B.     Common  great  Celandine.  • 

2.  CHELIDONIUM  majus^  foUis 
^uemis^  fore  laciniato.  Afor,  Hifi, 
Greater  Celandine,  with  Leaves  like 
the  Oak,  and  laciniated  Flowers. 

3.  CHELIDONIUM  majus^  foliit 
(ff  Jlore  minutiffimt  laciniatis.  H.  R. 
Par,  Greater  Celandine,  with  fine- 
cut  Leaves  and  Flowers. 

The  iirft  Sort  grows  wild  upon 
dry  Banks  and  Walls  in  moft  Parts 
of  England,  and  is  brought  to  the 
Markets  by  the  Herb-women,  who 
gather  it  for  medicinal  Ufe. 

The  fecond  Sort  hath  been  foiuid 
wild  in  fome  particular  Places  ia 
England,  particularly  at  WimbledeH 
in  Surry :  this  Sort  confbntly  retains 
its  DitFerence  when  cultivated  in 
a  Garden,  and  fown  yearly;  the 
Seeds  of  this  never  producing  an/ 
Plants  of  the  common  Sort  amoog 
them. 

The 


C  H 

The  tlurd  Sort  is  only  to  be  found 
in  curious  Botanic  Gardens,  where 
it  is  prefer ved  for  its  Variety. 

Thefe  Varieties  noay  all  be  pro- 
farted  by  Towing  their  Seeds  foon 
after  they  are  ripe,  in  any  Corner 
of  the  Gardes  ;  where,  if  fuffered 
to  caft  their  Seeds,  they  will  always 
farnifh  a  plentiful  Stock  of  young 
Plants,  without  any  farther  Trouble. 

CHELONE. 
The  CbaraSirsaati 

It  bath  a  Jbort  green  J^uamofe 
Otlyx:  the  Flower  eenfifts  of  one 
Leaf^  luhicb  is  elMded  into  t*wo 
Ups:  ihg  Galea,  or  Creft^  is  fome- 
what  like  the  Head  of  a  Tortoife : 
tie  Beard^  or  loiuer  Lif,  is  extended 
heyond  the  Creft^  and  is  bifd:  the 
Fiewer  is  fucceeded  by  a  Fruit  wbich 
is  in  Shape  like  that  if  the  Fose  glo^e^ 
ind  is  (£*uided  ^  into  t^wo  Ceils  ^  in 
tuibicb  are  contained  many  fiat  Seeds^ 
that  are  furbelonsid  on  the  Edges, 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Ch  E  L  o  N  E  jicadieyifsy  fiore  albo, 
7$nm,  White -flowering  Chelonc 
of  Acadia, 

2 .  C  H£  LO  N  E  florihus  fpcaofis  /«/- 
iherrimis  colore  erofa  Damajceme, 
Clajt,  F,  V.  Chelone  with  fpecioue 
Flowers  -of  the  Colour  of  the  Da- 
inaik  Rofe. 

Tho'  by  the  Title  of  thefe  Plants 
they  are  fuppofed  Natives  of  Acadia 
only,  yet  they  have  been  brought 
irom  divers  Parts  of  America  s  and 
!tis  very  probable  may  be  found  in 
»oft  Parts  of  North  America^  as 
Firginia,  Maryland^  New  -  England, 
&c.  From  the  two  laft-menttoned 
Places  feveral  Plants  have  been  .fent 
to  England  by  fome  curious  Peribas^ 
of  thofc  Countries. 

Thefe  Plants  are  very  hardy,  en- 
coring our  fevereft  Cold  in  the  open 
Ground;  and  are  propagated  by 
9^g  the  Roots  in  the  Spring, 
^^^  iocreafe  ytry  faft  under  tt;^e 


C  H 

Surface  of  the  Earth ;  therefore  they 
fliould  not  be  planted  among  other 
curious  Plants  or  Flowers,  left,  by 
their  fpreading  Roots,  they  ihould 
overbear  and  deftroy  them.  They 
die  to  the  Surface  every  Winter, 
and  arife  again  the  fucceeding 
Spring,  producing  their  Flowers  in 
^**g'*ft9  aod  ripen  their  Seeds  in 
OQober ;  of  which«  tho*  they  feem 
to  be  perfedly  good  almoft  every 
Year,  yet  I  could  never  procure 
one  fingle  Plant  from  all  the  Seeds 
I  have  yet  fown,  either  of  my  o>¥n 
faving,  or  any  other  Englijh  faved 
Seeds. 

The  £rft  Sort  has  been  long  in 
the£irra^dxrGardens ;  but  the  fecond 
is  more  rare  at  prefent,  being  in  few 
Gardens.  This  w«s  fent  to  Englan4 
by  Mr.  Clayton^  a  very  curious  Bor 
tanift,  from  F'irginia,  who  difcover'd 
it  ia  fpme  of  the  remote  Parts  of 
that  Country  :  it  is  equaUy  hardy 
with  the  iirft  Sort,  and  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  parting  their  Roots  in 
March. 

CHENOPODIO-MORUS.  Fid^ 
Blitum. 

CHENOPODIUM,  Goofe  fOot^ 
or  Wild  Orach. 
"     The  Char/taers  tLte ; 

The  Seeds  eere  fingle  emd  ghhtfe 
in  fome  Species ^  but  in  others  they 
are  comprejfed:  the  Cup  of  theFlam»er 
is  quinquefid,  or  di*vided  into  fi*u9 
Parts:  the  Leifues grvw  alternately 
upon  the  Stalks  bet*went  the  Seeds, 
The  Species  are  ; 

1 .  CHENOFOpiuid  fatidamfToMn* 
Stilling  Orach. 

2.  Chsnopooium  lint  folio  ^l* 
U/o.  Tonrn,  Flax-leav'd  Orach^ 
commonly  called  Summer-cypreis^ 
or  Belvedere. 

3.  Chenofodium  0mirofioides^ 
fbho  finuato,  Toum,  Cut  •  leav*d 
Orach,  cpmmonly  caUcd  Oak  of 
Jerufalem, 

X  ^  4.  Ch;5^ 


C  H 

'4.  CliBNOl»ODiUM  amhrofioides, 
,  J^lexicannm.  Toum,  Mexicmn  Orach, 
commonly  called  Oak  ofCappadoda, 

5.  Chenopodium  fimhrofioidis 
Jdexicanum  fruticofum.  Boerb.  Ind, 
Shrubby  Mexican  Orach. 

The  firft  of  thcfc  Sorts  is  very 
common  «pon  Dunghils,  and  in 
Gardens,  in  moft  Parts  of  England: 
it  is  feldom  cultivated,  except  in 
fome  Phyfic-gardens  ;  for  the  Mar- 
kets in  London  are  fupplied  with  it 
by  the  Herb-women,  who  gather 
it  wild. 

The  fecond  Sort  b  fomedmes  cul- 
tivated in  Gardens  \  *tis  a  beautiful 
plant,  which  is  naturally  difpofed 
to  grow  very  clofe  and  thick,  And 
in  as  regular  a  Pyramid  as  if  cut  by 
i^rt.  The  Leaves  are  of  a  pleafant 
Green :  and,  were  it  not  for  that, 
it  hath  fo  much  of  the  Appearance 
of  a  Cyprefs-tree,  that  at  (bme 
Diftance  it  might  be  taken  for  the 
fame,  by  good  Judges  :  the  Seeds 
fliould  be  fown  in  Aotumn  ;  and, 
'  in  the  Spring,  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  they  may  be  planted  into 
Pots  of  good  Earth,  and  kept  fup- 
plied with  Water  in  dry  Weather  : 
thefe  Pots  may  be  intermixed  with 
other  Plants  to  ^dorn  Court-yards, 
6ff.  where  they  will  appear  very 
liandfome,  until  their  Seeds  begin  to 
fwell,  and  grow  heavy,  which  weigh 
down  and  aifplace  the  Branches ;  at 
i^hich  time  the  Pots  fhould  be  re- 
inoved  to  fome  abjed  Part  of  the 
Garden,  to  maturate  their  Seeds  ; 
which,  if  permitted^  to  fall  upon  the 
Ground,  will  come  up  the  next 
Spring  ;  fo  that  you  need  be  at 
jio  more  Trouble  in  propagating 
thefe  Plants,  but  only  to  tranfplant 
them  where  you  intend  they  fhould 
grow. 

The  third  Sort  was  formerly  ufed 
in  Medicine :  but  altho*  it  flill  con- 

Ii»uc9  in  tbc  Catalogue  Qf  Sijiiflet 


C  H 

annexed  to  the  Lond&n  Dt^Jaiorj 
yet  it  is  very  feldom  afed  at  prefent. 
This  Plant  may  be  propagated  by 
fowing  the  Seeds  in  an  open  Border 
of  good  Earth  i^  the  Spring,  where 
it  will  perfect  its  Seeds  in  Autumn  s 
whidi,  if  permitted  to  fhed  npon 
the  Ground,  will  arife  as  the  for* 
mer. 

The  fonrth  and  fif^  Soru  weit 
brought  from  Amtrica^  where  the 
Seeds  are  called  Worm-feed ;  I  fnp* 
pofe  from  fome  Quality  contained 
in  it,  which  deftroys  Worms  in  the 
Body. 

The  fonrth  Sort  is  propagated  by 
fowing  the  Seeds  in  the  Spring,  as 
the  before-mentioned  Sorts,  andwiQ 
prrfedl  its  Seeds  in  Autumn ;  after 
which,  the  Plant  decays  to  the 
Ground :  but  if  the  Root  be  prefer* 
ved  iti  Shelter  under  an  Hot-bed- 
frame,  it  will  put  forth  again  the 
fucceeding  Spring ;  and  in  moderate 
Winters  this  Plant  will  live  in  the 
open  Air. 

The  fifth  Sort  grows  to  be  a  finall 
Shrub,  arifmg  fometimes  to  the 
Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet,  and  be» 
comes  woody.  This  may  be  pro- 
pagated b^  planting  Cuttings  in  a 
fhady  Border  during  any  of  the 
Summer-months;  which  Ihould  be 
fhaded  until  they  have  taken  Root, 
and  that  will  be  in  a  Month's  time, 
or  lefs :  then  they  Ihould  be  planted 
into  Pots,  that  they  may  be  (heltered 
in  the  Winter  under  a  Frame,  whcr« 
they  will  abide  the  Cold  very  well, 
being  fomewhat  hardy,  tho*  they 
will  not  Hand  in  the  open  Air. 
There  is  no  great  Beauty  in  thefip 
two  Plants  ;  but  they  are  preferred 
in  fome  Gardens,  for  the  ftroo|[ 
Smell  of  their  Leaves. 

CHERRY  LAUREL.  Ti^Pl* 
dus. 

CHERRY-TREE,     Vidi  C^ 

T^fUf, 


C  H 

CHERVIL.      Vide   Ch«re- 
foliam. 
CHESTNUT.     r,V-p  Caftanea. 
CHIONANTHUS,  The  Fringe, 
or  Snow-drop'tree.   Thfe  Name  was 
giren  \6  this  PlaoC  by  Dr.  Limn^eus, 
from  the  Whitcnefs  of  its  Flowers  : 
tiife  Inhabitants  of  America^  where 
^s  Tree  is  a  Native,  call  it  Snow- 
drop-tree,   for   the  fame  Reafon: 
and  the  Dutch  call  it  Sneebaum,  / .  e. 
Snow- tree,  on  the  fame  Accoant. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 
The  Empaletnent  cf  the  Tlomjer  is 
ierfly  cut   into  four  Segments :    the 
Flnver  is  of  one  Leaf  ivhich  is  cut 
to  the  Bottom  into  four  Farts:  thefe 
grotf}  in  Bunches:    in  the  Centre  of 
the  Fio'wer  is  fituaied  the  Germen, 
attended  by  t^wo  Stamina  :   the  Ger- 
men aftemjuard  turns  to  a  Berry  hav- 
ing one  Seed. 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  ;  vix, 

Chionanthus.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff. 
The  Snow-drop  or  Fringe- tree. 

This  Shrub  is  common  in  South 
Carefina,  where  it  grows  by  the 
Side  of  Rivulets,  and  feldom  is 
more  than  ten  Feet  high :  the  Leaves 
are  as  large  as  thofe  of  the  Laurel^ 
but  are  of  a  much  thinner  Subflance: 
the  Flowers  come  out  in  May,  hang- 
ing, in  long  Bunches,  and  are  of  a 
pare  White,  from  whence  the  In- 
habitants call  it  Snow- drop-  tree  ; 
and,  from  the  Flowers  being  cut 
into  narrow  Segments,  they  give  it 
the  Name  of  Fringe-tree  :  after  the 
lowers  have  fallen  away,  the  Fruit 
appears,  which  becomes  a  black 
Berry,  about  the  Size  of  Sloes, 
having  one  hard  Seed  in  each. 

This  Tree  is  now  more  common 
m  the  carious  Gardens  in  England^ 
than  it  was  a  few  Years  fince ;  there 
having  been  many  young  Plants 
laifed  from  the  Seeds  which  have 
Uen  brop^t  from  Jtmrica  lately ; 


C  H 

there  liave  alfo  been  fomd  Planti 
propagated  by  Layers,  tho^  there  is 
great  Uncertainty  of  their  taking 
Root :  and  they  feldom  get  Root  in 
lefs  than  two  Years;  nor  will  they 
ever  take  Root,  unlefs  they  are  well 
fupplied  with  Water  in  dry  Wea- 
ther. 

The  bed  Way  to  obtain  good 
Plants  is  from  the  Seeds,  which  muil 
be  procured  from  America^  for  they 
never  have'  produced  any  Fruit  in 
this  Country :  the  Seeds  (hould  be 
fown  in  Pots  or  Tubs  of  frelh  loamy 
Earth  ibon  after  they  arrive,  and 
fliould  be  placed  to  the  Sun,  where 
they  may  remain  till  the  Beginning 
of  Jpril^  when  they  mbft  be  re- 
moved to  a  Situation  expofed  only 
to  the  morning  Sun :  in  dry  Weather 
the  Pots  muft  be  watered,  and  kc^^t 
clean  from  Weeds  <  thefe  Seeds  lie 
in  the  Ground  a  whole  Year  Before 
the  Plants  will  come  up:  fo  the 
following  Winter  they  fhould  be  re- 
moved to  a  warm  Situation,  expoied 
to  the  South  Sun,  and  foeened  from 
the  c<^d  Winds  i  and  if  the  Pots  are 
plunged  into  a  moderate  Hot-bed 
the  Beginning  of  March,  it  will 
bring  up  the  Plants  much  fooner 
than  they  will  rife  in  the  open  Air  ; 
by  which  means  they  will  get  more 
•Strength  the  firft  Summer,  and  be 
better  able  to  refill  the  Cold  of  the 
next  Winter:  while  theie  Plants  are 
very  young>  they  will  be  in  Danger 
of  fufFering  by  fevere  Froft  j  but, 
when  they  have  obtained  Strength, 
they  will  refift  the  greateft  Cold  of 
our  Climate  in  the  open  Air. 

The.beft  time  to  remove  the  Seed- 
ling-plants, is  toward  the  End  of 
March,  when  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted  into  Nurlery-beds,  or  each 
into  a  feparate  froall  Pot :  the  latter 
is  the  belt  Method,  becaufe  they 
may  be  removed  into  Shelter  the 
next  Winter;  and  they  may  be 
X  4  tumei. 


C  H  C  H 

ttroed  out  of  tbe  Pou  the  following  being  Plants  of   no  great  Ufe  er 

Spring,  and  planted  where  they  are  Beaut/. 

to  remain,  which  (hould  be  in  a        But  whoever  hath  a  mind  to  pro- 

moiit  Soil,  otherwife  they  will  not  pagate  their  feveral  Species,   may 

(hrive,  or  produce  Flowers.  fow  their  Seeds  in  an  open  Bed  o( 

CHONDRILLA,  Gum-fuccory.  common  Earth  in  the  Spring,  where 

The  CbaraSers  are ;.  they  will  readily  come  up,  and  thrive 

It  bath  a  cylindrical  Cup  tp  tbe  exceedingly  :  and  their  Seeds,  being 

FlowfTy  ^jubicb  is  cut  almoft  to  the  permitted  to  fcatter  upon  theGroun^ 

Bottom,  in  federal  Species :  the  Seeds  will  come  up,  and  fpon  oveHpreaui 

^re  oblong  and  narro^w:  in  other  rO"  a  Garden. 

JpeBs  it  is  like  the  Lettuce.  The  three  firft  Sorts  are  abiding 

The  Species  are ;  Plants,  and  increafe  very  much  by 

1.  Ch  ON  DRILL  A  cceruUa  alter  a  ^  their  fpreading  Roots,  which,  if  not 

fichorei  fyl^efiris  folio.  C,  B.   Blue-  confined,  will  in  a  ftiort  time  )>ecoffle 

^owerM  Gum-fuccory.  very  troublefome  Weeds  in  a  Gar- 

2.Chondrilla  caerulea  laciniata  den  ;  as  alfo,  if  their  Seeds  are  fuf- 

iaiifolia,  C  B.    Blue-flower*d  Gum-  fered  to  ripen,  having  a  Down  ad* 

faccory,  with  broad  cut  Leaves.  hering  to  them,  they  will  be  blown 

3.  Chondrilla  juncea   vi/co/a  all  over  tbe  Garden,  and  be  full  as 
^r^enJtSj  qu^g  prima  Diofcoridis.  C.  B.  bad  Weeds  a&  Sow-thiftles. 
Clammy  Gum-fuccory,  with  Shoots        CHRISTMAS  -  FLOWER,  or 
like  the  Ru(h.                       »  black  Hellebore.   Fide  Helleborus. 

4.  Chondrilla    bieracii    /olio,        CHRISTOPHORIANA,  Herb- 
^nnua.  Toum,      Annual 'Gum-fuc-  cbnilophcr. 

pory,  with  Hawkweed-leavcs.  The  CbaraSers  are ; 

5 .  Cho N  D R I ll A  'viminea.  C.B.P.         The  Floivcr  confifis  of  ffue  Leaves^ 
Gum-fuccory  with  ilender  Branches,  mohicb  are  placed  orbicularly,  and  ex^ 

The  fir  ft  Sort  is  referred   to  the  pand  in  form  of  a  Rofe  \  in  the  Centra 

Genus  of  LaAuca  by  Dr.  Liimaus,  of  nubicb  arifes  tbe  0<vaty,  which 

who  has  only  retained  the  fifth  Sort  becomes  a  /oft  Fruit  or  Berry,  of  an 

vnder  this  Title,  and  fuppofes  the  o^al  Shape,  and  is  filed  with  Seeds 

third  Sort  to  be  the  fame  with  the  in  a  double  Row,  which,  for  tbe  mo/ 

iifth,\  but  the  third  is  a  Plant  which  part,  adhere  together. 
creeps  at  the  Root,   feldom  rifing  The  Species  are ; 

above  a  Foot  and  an  half  high;  '  1.  Curistqphqriana    vulgaris 

vrhefeas  the  other  commonly  grows  nofras,   racemo/a  {ff  ramo/a,  Mer. 

three  or  four  Feet  high,  and  does  Hi/l,     Common  Herb  -  chriflopheri 

DOt  continue  above  two   or  three  or  Bane- berries. 
Years.  2.  Christopuoriana  ^vfr/V/nut 

.    The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  raccmo/a,  bacds  rubris.    Mor.  Hiji* 

only  Varieties,  which  will  arife  from  JmricAn  Herb-chriftopher,  with  to 

ithe  fame  Seeds.     The  fourth  Sort  Berries*  , 

^s  an  annual  Plant,  which  perifhes        j.Christofhoriana  i^^iV^irtf 

^  foon  as  the  Seeds  are  ripe.  racemo/a,  baccis  rubris,  longo  peih- 

A\\  thefe  Plants  are  preferved  in  culo  infidentibus,  Sas^ae.     Ameritou 

^tanic  Gardens    for-  the  fake  of  Herb-chriftopher,  with  red  Berries 

Variety ;   but  are  rarely  permitted  growing  on  long  Footitalks. 
t9  Wf%  ^  P)^c^  ^^  ^y  9^^  Gardens 


C  H 

The  firft  of  lihefe  Sorts  is  found  in 
divers  Places  in  Yorhjbire^  Cumber^ 
i^Mi^  NorthumbirlauJ^  and  other 
Northern  Counties  of  £ir^//m^;  but 
is  rarely  met  with  in  the  Southern 
Parts,  unlefs  where  it  is  preferved  in 
Gardens :  this  Plant  may  be  propa- 
gated by  fowiag  the  S^ds,  or  part- 
ing the  Roots  :  it  m aft  have  a  ihady 
moili  Situation,  where  it  will  thrive 
ycry  well. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  are 
only  preferved  in  curious  Gardens  of 
Plants,  and  are  rarely  met  with  in 
the  Engiijb  Gardens ;  they  are  vtty 
hardy,  and  will  endure  our  Cold 
very  well,  if  planted  in  the  open 
Ground. 

Thefe  are  propagated  in  the  fame 
manner  as  the  former. 

CHRYSANTHEMOIDES  OS- 
TEOSPERMON.  FUe  Ofteofper- 
mum. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Corn- 
marigold. 

The  CbarftSers  are ; 

//  bath  an  annual  Root :  tbe  Cup 

*9f  tbt   Tlvwer  is  btmifpberical  and 

fcaij  :  tbe  FlGwers  are  radiated}  tbe 

Rays  beings  for  tbe  mofi  fart^  of  q 

jillofw  Colour ;  and  tbe  Seeds  are  fur '^ 

ro^wed. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Chrysanthemum  .^flr^  /«r- 
tim  cemdido^  partim  luteo,  C  B, 
White  Corn-marigold,  ^r  Chryfan- 
themum. 

2.  Chkysanthbmum  folia  ma^ 
tricariit^florg  albo  plena.  H.  C,  The 
doable  white  Chryfanthemum,  or 
Corn-marigold. 

3.  Chrysanthemum  Creticum 
hieum,  H.  Ejft.  The  yellow  Chry- 
ianthemum,  or  Corn-marigold. 

4.  Chrysanthemum  folio  ma* 
tricaria,Jlore  luteo  plena,  Boerb»Jnd, 
The  double  yellow  ChryfimthemoiD^ 
^  Corn  mari^oldt 


C  H 

5.  Chrysanthemum  CrgticMsm^ 

petalis  florum  fifiulofis.  Taum,  The 
quill  -  leav'd  Chryfanthemum,  or 
Corn-marigold.  , 

The  iirft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  Va-^ 
rieties,  which  arife  from  the  fame 
Seeds,  as  alfo  the  third  and  fourth 
Sorts  t  therefore  thefe  four  may  be 
deemed  as  two  Sorts;  but  fome  mo- 
dem Botanids  reduce  them  to  one  ; 
tho",  from  repeated  Trials,  I  never 
have  found,  that  the  Seeds  of  the 
white  Sort  have  produced  yellow 
Flowers,  nor  the  yellow  Sort  pro- 
duced the  White. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  accidental,  and 
often  has  been  produced  by  the  white 
and  yellow  Sorts ;  and  only  differs 
from  them  in  having  their  Petals 
tubulous  or  hollow,  like  a  Quill: 
the  fame  frequently  happens  in  the 
African  Marigold ;  but  the  Seeds  of 
all  thefe  degenerate  back  to  the  plain-* 
leavM  Sort. 

Thefe  Plants  are  all  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring 
upoii  a  gentle  Hot- bed,  in  order  to 
have  them  early  ;  otberwife  thejr 
will  come  up  as  well,  if  fown  in  the 
open  Ground  :  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  they  fhould  be  tranfplant- 
ed  into  Nurfery-beds,  or  about  tea 
Inches  afunder  t^try  Way,  where 
the^  may  remain  until  they  ihew 
their  Flowers ;  at  which  time  yoa 
may  tranfplant  all  thofe  which  have 
double  Flowers,  either  into  Pots  or 
Borders,  to  adorn  the  Pleafure-gar- 
den  or  Court-yard.  The  fingle  ones 
may  be  puird  up  firfl,and  call  away 
as  good  for  nothing ;  which  will 
make  room  for  the  better  taking  up 
the  double  ones,  with  a  large  B^ll  of 
Earth  to  their  Roots,  otherwife  they 
will  not  bear  removing  waen  fo  fiur 
advanced.  If  thefe  Plants  are  fet  ii| 
the  full  Ground,  they  will  grow  very 
large ;   therefore    they  ihould  be 

planted 


C  H  C  H 

flinted  only  in  very  large  Borders,  #111  draw  up,  and  be  very  tender^ 

and  not  too  near  other  Flowers^  left,  fb  that  upon  the  leaft  Impreffion  ol 

hy   their  overbearing   them,    they  Cold  they  will  fuffer  very  mach ;  as 

Ihould  be  deftroyed  :  but  they  are  ftlfo  by  being  (hut  up  too  dofe,  they 

much  handfomer  when  confined  in  would  be  fufaje^  to  rot  by  the  damp 

Pots,  provided  they  are  conftantly  Air  which  furrounds  them, 

watered ;  for,  by  this  means,  their  In  the  Spring  thefe  Plants  may  be 

Roots  are  kept  within  Compafs,  and  tranfplanted  out  either  into  fepantte 

the  Plants  feidom  grow  fo  large.  Pots  or  Borders,  as  before  direfUd, 

^ttt  produce  a  greater  Quantity  of  where  they  will  flower  early ;  and 

Flowers.  hereby  you  will  be  fure  to  have  die 

In  faving  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Plants,  Sorts  right,  according  to  the^Plants 

yon  ihould  always  make  choice  of  which    the    Cuttings    were  taken 

the  very  double  Flowers,  which  will  from. 

certainly  produce  a  ;nuch  greater  CHRYSOBAL ANUS, The i^vf- 

Quantity  of  double  Flowers  the  next  ricau  or  Black  Plum. 

Year,  than  would  the  Seeds  of  fin-  The  Cbara&ers  arle ; 

gfe  or  half*double  Flowers ;  though,  Tht  Empalement  of  the  Fkvstr  h 

if  the  Seeds  are  taken  from  the  very  ef^m  Lfaf,  and  is  cut  intofeur  Farts: 

bcft  Flowers,  they  will  degenerate,  tbg  Flofiuer  is  compo/eJ  •ffive  flain 

and  bring  fome  EngleFIowers  among  Pitals^  wohcb  expand  in  firm  of  m 

them  :  therefore,  to  avoid  this  D'lX-  Rofe :  in  the  Centre  arifes  the  Peinta/, 

appointment,  the  better  Method  is,  ivhich  afterward  becomes  an  §val 

when  you  have  gotten  fome  fine  dou-  J^*fy  Fmjt^  inchjsng  a  Stm  ef  the 

ble  Kinds  of  thefe  Plants  of*  both  fame  Sbape^  nuhicb  is  very  rongb  and 

Colours,  to  take  off  fome  Cuttings  furrowed. 

of  each  Kind  toward  the  Latler-cnd  The  Species  are  ; 

ci jfngnfi^  or  the  Beginning  of  Sep-  t.  CHRYsosALANUs/hi^j  ^ 

tember^  and  plant  them  pretty  dofe,  pure:  Lin.  Hort,  Cliff,     The  black 

In  Pots  filled  with  common  frefli  Ameritan  Plum. 

Earth,  fetting  them  in  a  A^ady  Place,  2<   Chrtsobalanvs  fmSm  ex 

and  obferving  to  water  them  fre-  tf/^  ruhefcente.  The  American  Plum, 

qoently.    Thefe  Cuttings  will,  in  a  of  a  whitifh-red  Colour. 

Month^s  time,  ftrike  out  Roots,  and  Thefe  Trees  are  very  common  in 

begin  to  grow ;  you  mud  therefore  the  lilands  of  America^  as  alfo  in 

remove  the  Pots  into  an  open  Situa-  many  Parts  of  New  Spain^  where 

tion,  obferving,  as  before,  to  refrefh  there  ^e  fome  other  Varieties  of  the 

them  with  Water  (which  muft  now  Fruit ;  but  thoTe  which  are  htreeau- 

be  done  gently,  that  the  youngPIants  merated  are  all  I  have  yet  feen  grow- 

jnay  not  grow  too  vigorous  before  ing  in  the  Englifi  Gardens. 

Winter) :  in  this  Place  they  may  re-  They  are  very  tender  Plants ;  fo 

main  until  the  Latter- end  of  OSo-  muft  be  conftantly  kept  in  tfaefiark- 

^«r,  when  you  ftiould  place  the  Pots  bed  in  the  Stove,  otherwife  they  will 

under   a  common  Hot-bed-frame,  not  thrive  here :  they  are  propagated 

that  they  may  be  fcreened  from  fe-  by  Seeds,  which  muft  be  procured 

vere  Frofts,   which  would  deftroy  from  the  Countries  of  their  natoni 

them ;  but  obferve  to  take  the  GlafTes  Growth ;  and,  if  the  Stones  are  put 

off  every  Day,  when  the  Weather  up  in  a  Box  of  Sand,  it  will  prderie 

will  p^mit  i  otherwife  the  Plants  them  better  than  if  they  are  broi^^ 

over 


CH 

om  dry  ;  cm-,  if  the  v/ho\e  Prait » 

Cup  with  Sand  between  them  to 
p  them  from  rotttjig  eftch  other, 
diere  will  be  a  greater  Chance  of 
tkeir  growing ;  bat  they  (hoold  be 
fflnt  over  as  foon  as  poffibfe  after 
they  tfe  ripe,  otiierwife  they  wi^l  not 
grow.    They  mall  alfo  be  foWn  as 
Man  as  pofible  after  they  arrive,  and 
flanged  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
fiark,  whore,  if  the  Frait  is  good, ' 
tlie  Plants  will  come  op  in  a  Month 
or  6Ye  Weekj,  efpecially  if  they  are 
(own  in  the  Spring  or  Sammer-fea- 
ion ;  but  if  it  is  in  the  Autumn  or 
Winter,   they    may   be  allowed  a 
longer  time  to  vegetate :  when  the 
Plants  are  fit  to  remove,  they  Ihould 
be  each  planted  carefully  into  a  ficnall 
Halfpeny  Pot  filled  with  a  foft  loamy 
£arth,  and  planged  into  the  Hot- 
bed again;  and  muft  be  treated  in 
the  fame  manner  as  is  direfled  for 
oiher  tender  Plants  of  the  famcCoun- 
tries  s  obferving,  when  the  Plants 
have  (hed  their  Leaves,  not  to  give 
ihem  too  much  Water,  efpecially  in 
the  Wioter-feafon,  left  the  Moifturc 
ftionld  rot  their  Roots  :  in  all  other 
rdpedis  they  may  be  managed  as  the 
Coffee-tree,  and  fhould  be  kept  in 
the  fame  Temperature  of  Warmth. 

Some  of  thefe  Plants  have  grown 
to  the  Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet  in 
England ,  and  have  produced  Flow- 
ers; but,  excepting  one  Plant,  which 
ripened  one  of  the  Fruit,  I  have  not 
feen  any  produced.  Thefe  Trees 
are  often  defiitute  of  Leaves  four  or 
five  Months,  and  the  Flowers  gene- 
^ly  precede  the  Leaves :  that  Plant 
which  ripened  its  Fruit  in  England 
had  no  Leaves  upon  it,  when  the 
Fruit  was  ripe. 

In  the  IVeft'  Indits  thefe  Trees 
^ciy  grow  above  twelve  or  four- 
J^  Feet  high,  and  are  there  often 
toe  of  Leaves  for  four  or  five 
m^\  aad  tho  Floweif  are  ^nc* 


C  H 

Tally  prodaced  before  the  Leaves  ap^ 
pear.  The  Fruit  of  thefe  Trees  hav6 
very  little  Palp,  only  a  thin  Cover- 
ing over  the  Ston^,  which  is  very 
large.  This  Fruit  has  an  nnpleafant 
fweet  Tafte,  and  is  reckoned  un- 
wholfome  when  eaten  in  any  Quan- 
tity. 

In  the  Places  of  its  naturalGrowlhy 
the  Inhabitants  plant  the  Cuttings) 
which,  in  a  fhort  time,  will  take 
Root,  and  the  following  Summet 
produce  Fruit.  I  have  alfo  raifed 
,  thefe  Plants  from  Cuttings  in  ^ng* 
land, 

CHRYSOCOMA,  Goldylocks: 
The  CharaSers  arc ; 

It  hath  a  compound  Tltywer:  thi 
Florets  are  funnel'Jhafd^  ^and  dt*vide£ 
at  their  Brim  into  fi<ve  Parts,  and 
are  ftretcb^d  out  beyond  the  Empale- 
ment  :  on  the  Outjtde  are  ranged  tbw 
Hermaphrodite  Flotwen,  tvhich  are  /«- 
hulofe  and  reflexed  at  the  Top :  theji 
are  all  included  in  one  common  Empale^ 
ment,  nvhich  is  fcaly  :  the,  Embryo 
becomes  one  plain  Seed^  crowned  nmtk 
a  Doavn, 

The  Species  are  j 

1.  Chrysocoma  calycihus  laxis. 
Un.  Hort,  Cliff,  German  Goldy- 
locks. 

2.  Chrysocoma  fruticofa,  filiis 
linear il us,  dor/b  decurrentibtis.  Un^ 
Hort.  Cliff:  African  flirubby  Goldy* 
locks. 

3.  CHV.Ysocovi A  foliis  linearibus 

fubtus  pilofis,  Jlorihus  ante  flofefcen^ 

tiam  refexis.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff,  Dwarf 

Jfrican  Goldylocks,  with  very  ftar- 

row  Leaves,  hairy  underneath. 

4.CHRYSOCOMA  foliis  lanceolato* 
linearihus  alternis  integerrimis,  ftori- 
bus  corymhojis,  Goldylocks  with  nar* 
row  whole  Leaves,  and  Flowers  coI« 
ieded  in  a  Sphere. 

Thefe  Plants  have  been  ranged, 
with  fome  others,  under  the  Title  of 
QmaAurcai  which,  being  a  com- 

^  pound 


C  H 

pound  Name,  Dr.  Unn^nu  has  al« 
tered  to  this  of  Cbryfocoma,  The 
other  Species,  which  were  formerly 
included  in  this  Gepus,  are  referred 
Co  SoHtolina. 

The  firft  and  foarth  Sorts  are  very 
liardy  Plants,  and  will  thrive  in  the 
open  Air  ;  fo  are  proper  Ornaments 
for  the  Borders  in  large  Gardens ; 
efpecially  the  fourth  Sort,  which  is 
apt  to  fpread  its  Roots ;  whereby  it 
ivill  incommode  the  other  lefs  hardy 
Flowers,  when  planted  near  them ; 
fo  that  in  fmall  Gardens  it  can  fcarce 
^ferve  a  Place,  unlefs  the  Shoots 
are  taken  ofF  from  time  to  time,  to 
keep  the  Plants  in  due  Compafs : 
but  in  large  Gardens  it  deferves  a 
Place  for  the  Continuance  of  its 
Flowers.  This  commonly  begins 
flowering  in  the  Middle  of  July^  and 
continue  in  Flower  till  OQobtr :  the 
Stalks  of  this  Plant  decay  in  Win- 

'  ter ;  but  the  Roots  abide,  and  ihoot 
out  again  in  the  Spring  ;  and  it  mul- 
tidies  very    fall    by    its    creeping 

,  Roots ;  fo  that  the  only  Culture  it 
requires,  is  to  reduce  the  fpreading 
Roots  every  Winter,  'to  keep  the 
Plants  in  due  Bounds ;  and  to  dig 
round  them  at  the  fame  time,  to 
ioofen  the  Earth. 

The  £rft  Sort  is  not  fo  apt  to 
fpread  at  the  Root ;  therefore  may 
be  admitted  into  fmall  Gardens. 
This  grows  about  two  Feet  high, 
bearing  many  gold-coloured  Flow- 
cars  at  the  Extremity  of  the  Shoots : 
it  begins  flowering  the  Latter-end 
of  Af^ufit  ^^'^  continues  until  the 
Frofl  Sops  its  flowering.  This  Sort 
9iay  be  propagated  by  parting  the 
Roots  in  OBober^  when  the  Flow- 
ers are  deoiyed  ;  but  as  this  is  a  flow 
Method  of  increafmg  this  Plant,  the 
better  way  is  to  cut  off  the  Shoots, 
v/hen  they  are  about  fix  Inches  high ; 
svhich,  if  planted  in  a  fhady  Border, 
4Uid  dyly  watered^  will  have  taken 


Root  in  two  Months,  or  lefs ;  an^ 
by  the  End  of  OQober^  will  be  fkroog 
enough  to  plant  into  Borders,  where 
they  are  ^  remain.  Both  thefe  Plantt 
delight  in  a  gentle  loamy  Soil»  not 
too  fliong  or  wet;  in  which  they 
will  thrive  better,  and  flower  firong> 
er,  than  in  a  dry  fandy  Ground. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  are 
Natives  of  the  Country  about  the 
Ctip€  of  Good  Hopti  and  are  not  foch 
hardy  Plants  as  the  two  before-men* 
tionM  :  yet  thefe  have  remained 
through  the  Winter  in  the  open  Air, 
in  very  mild  Winters  ;  but  in  fevere 
Frofl  they  are  deflroyed ;  there- 
fore a  Plant  or  two  of  each  Soit 
fhould  be  fheltered  in  the  Winter,  t» 
preferve  the  Kinds.  Thefe.  may  be 
eafily  propagated  by  Cuttings  in  any 
of  the  Summer-months,  if  they  are 
planted  in  a  fhady  Border,  and  duly 
watered ;  where  they  will  foon  take 
Root :  afterward  they  may  be  plant* 
ed  in  Pots,  and  when  the  Frofl  comes 
on,  they  may  be  fheltered  nndcr  a 
common  Frame,  where  they  may 
have  as  much  Air  as  poflible  in  mild 
Weather,  and  only  fcreeiied  from 
Froft :  in  fuch  a  Place  thefe  Plaati 
will  thrive  much  better  than  in  a 
Green-houfe,  where  they  are  apt  to 
draw  up  weak,  for  want  of  Air. 

Thefe  Plants  will  alfb  perfed  their 
Seeds  in  this  Country ;  which  mxf 
be  fown  upon  a  common  Bed  of 
Earth  in^ri7,and  in  Jmie  the  Plants 
will  come  up ;  whi^  may  be  takes 
up,  and  jplanted  into  Pots  in  AM^jt\ 
and  thefe  Seedling-plants  will  oto 
flower  the  fame  Autumn.  Thde 
two  Sorts  continue  a  long  time  ia 
Flower,  efpecially  if  they  are  not  .too 
tenderly  managed :  for  if  they  aif 
drawn  up  weak,  they  will  not  pro- 
duce many  Flowers ;  nor  will  tbc 
Plants  appear  fo  handfome. 

CHRYSOPHYLLUM,  ThcBul- 
ly-trcc. 


C  H 

The  Chara&trs  arc ; 
^bB  Empaliment  of  the  flrwer  is 
£itd€d  into  fi'ut  Parts  :    thi  FUnner 
is  of  the  open  hell-Jhafed  Form^  con- 
fifiing  of  one  Leaf  and  is  flightly  in- 
dented at  the  Brim  in  ten  Di*v(fions, 
five  of  luhich  are  iargen  than  the 
other  :  in  the  Centre  of  the  Flvwer  is 
fituated  an  oval  Point al^  attendedjjy 
five  Stamina :  the  Pointal  afitmuard 
hetomes  a  ficfl^  Fruity  inclojing  three 
or  four  rhomhoidal  Seeds^  nahich  an 
one  halffmooth^  and  the  other  rossgh, 
*  The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Chrysophyllum  yo//V/ flV/l- 
tis  mucronatiSf  fuferne  giahris^  pa- 
raUeie  ftriatis^  fuotus  tomentofts^  ni- 
tidis.     The  Star-apple. 

2.  Chrysophyllum  foliis  Ian- 
eeolatis  obtufss^  fubtus  aureis.  The 
fiully-treey  or  fiallacc-tree. 

3.  Chrysophyllum  foliis  Ian- 
eeolatis  glahris^  utrinque  concoloribus. 
The  Sapadilla  or  Nafebcrry-trec. 

This  Genus  is  by  Father  Pltmier 
tided  Cainito ;  which  being  the  In- 
diast  Name  of  the  Fruit,  Dr.  Lin- 
metts  has  altered  the  Title  to  this  of 
Chryfophyllum^  from  the  Leaves  of 
the  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  being  of  a 
Gold -colour  underneath. 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common^  in 
moft  of  the  JAands  in   the  ff^eji- 
Indies^  where  it  is  planted  for  the 
Fruit ;  which  is  eileemed  by  the  In- 
habitants, and  ufed  in  their  Deflerts. 
The  Underfide  of  the  Leaves  of  this 
Tree  is  covered  with  a  fine  ihining 
fiiky Down, which  is  extremely  beau- 
tiful :  the  Flowers  are  of  a  purphfli 
Colour,  and  coniift  of  five  fuccufent 
Petals :  the  Fruit  is  in  Shape  and 
Size  like  an  Apple;  having  a  fmooth 
Skin  :  the  Pulp  is  pleafant ;  and,  if 
the  Fruit  is  cut  tranfverfly ,  the  Cells 
in  which  the  Seeds  are  lodged  repre- 
fent  a  Star ;  from  whence  the  Name 
of  Star-apple  was  given  to  this  Fruit.  * 
This  Sort  is    by  Father  Plimi$r 


C  H 

ranged  under  his  Genus  of  Guamr^ 
hanus  i  but  as  the  other  Species  of 
that  Genus  have  but  three  Petals  ta 
their  Flowers,  this  mufl  be  feparattd 
from  them. 

The  Bully,  or  Bullace-tree,  is  reiy 
common  in  all  the  tkiountainous  Parts 
oi  Jamaica  \  as  alfo  in  the  unculti- 
vated Places  in  many  other  Parts  z 
this  is  one  of  the  largeft  Trees  in 
the  Iflands :  the  Wood  of  this  Tree 
is  cut  into  Shingles,  for  covering  the 
Houfds;  for  which  Purpofe  it  is 
greatly  cfleem'd.  The  Fruit  of  this 
Tree  is  very  like  in  Shape  to  our 
Ballacc;  from  whence,  I  fuppofe^ 
'  the  Englijh  have  given  the  Name  to 
this  Tree.  This  Fruit  is  frc^quent- 
ly  eaten  by  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
Iflands. 

I'he  Sapadilla,  Sappatilla^orNafe- 
berry-tree,  is  now  pretty  common 
in  moft  of  the  Iflands  in  the  Wefl^ 
Indies^  although  it  is  not  a  Native 
there ;  but  has  been  brought  from 
the  Continent  in  New  Spain,  .where 
the  Inhabitants  cultivate  thefe  Trees 
for  their  Fruit.  The  Spaniards  call 
it  Nefperia ;  i.  e.  Mejpilnsy  or  Med- 
lar ;  from  whence  the  Englijh  have 
corrupted  the  Name  to  Nafeberry. 
The  Leaves  of  this  Tree  are  in  Shape 
like  thofe  of  the  firfl  Sort ;  but  are 
of  a  flronger  Confidence,  and  have 
DO  Down  on  their  Underfide.  The 
Flowers  are  fhaped  fomewhat  like 
thofe  of  the  Lily  of  the  Valley,  or 
the  Jrhutus,  The  Fruit  is  in  Shape 
and  Colour  like  a  Rufl*et-apple,  and 
is  very  auflere;  therefore  i&  not  eaten 
until  it  decays  (like  thofe  of  the 
Medlar),  when  it  is  efteemed  a  plea- 
fant Fruit.  The  Fruit,  when  green, 
abounds  with  a  milky  Juice,  as  do 
the  Leaves  alfo.  The  Trees  of  this, 
and  alfo  of  the  firfl  Sort,  feldom 
grow  very  high  in  their  Stems ;  but> 
they  fend  forth  great  Numbers  of 
flendcr  Branches,  which  extend  to  a 

con- 


C  H 

• 

CidnfidcnUe  DiAaoce  every  Way, 
and  hang  downward ;  whereby  they 
fcrm  very  large  Heads,  and  afford  a 
goodly  S|iade:  the  lower  Branches 
often  hang  fo  low,  as  almoft  to  reach 
the  Groaad :  thdr  ufiud  Height  is 
from  thirty  to  forty  Feet. 

Theie  Trees,  being  Natives  of  the 
varneft  Parts  of  the  World,  cannot 
be  preferved  in  this  Country,  with- 
out being  kept  in  the  warmeft  Stoves ; 
and  ihouhl  always  remain  in  the  Hot- 
bed of  Tanners  Bark,  other  wife  they 
will  make  bat  little  Progrefs.  They 
are  all  of  them  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  moil  be  procured  from  the 
Places  of  their  Growth;  for  they 
do  not  produce  Fruit  in  Emropg, 
ThefeiSeeds  muft  be  frefii,  otherwifc 
they  will  not  grow :  and  if  they  are 
ibnt  over  in  Sand,  it  will  prdferve 
them  from  drying  too  much  :  when 
the  Seeds  arrive,  they  muft  be  fown 
as  foon  as  pofiibie  in  fmall  Pots  filled 
with  freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  a  good  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
Bark.  If  the  Seeds  are  good,  and 
the  Bed  in  a  proper  Temperature  of 
Warmth,  the  Plants  will  appear  in 
five  or  fix  Weeks ;  and  in  about  two 
Months  after,  will  be  ftrong  enough 
to  tranfplant ;  in  doing  of  which, 
the  Plants,  with  ail  the  £arth«  fhould 
be  fliaken  out  of  the  Pots  very  care- 
fully, and  feparated  with  their  Roots 
intire,  and  each  planted  into  a  fepa- 
rate  (mail  Pot  filled  with  frefh  rich 
Earth,  and  plunged  again  into  an 
Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark  ;  water- 
ing and  fhading  them  until  they 
have  taken  frefh  Root.  If  the  Hot- 
bed in  which  thefe  Plants  are  plunged, 
is  from  time  to  time  ftirred,  and  a  lit- 
tle frefh  Tan  added  to  it,  to  renew 
the  Heat  when  it  declines,  the  Plants 
will  make  good  ProgreG  ;  and  in 
^ree  or  four  Months  will  be  near  a 
Soot  high,  and  may  then  be  fhifted 
iftto  Pots  a  fmaU  Size  larger,  than 


c  H 

thofe  they  before  were  in.  Tf  theie 
Plants  are  conftantly  kept  in  a  warm 
Bed  io  the  Stove,  and  fhilced  twice 
a  Year,  to  renew  the  Earth  in  the 
Pots,  they  will  thrive  very  hk^  uA 
put  out  their  Side-branches,  fo  asto 
make  an  handfbme  .Appearance  in 
the  Stove,  with  other  curious  Plaati 
of  the  fame  Country :  for  though 
they  do  not  produce  either  Fkrwcn 
or  Fruit,  yet,  as  they  keep  their 
Leaves  through  the  Year,  which  are 
fo.  very  beautiful,  they  deferve  a  Pbee 
in  the  Stove,  better  than  n^ofl  other 
Plants.  The  chief  Care  they  require, 
is  to  keep  them  conftantly  in  a  pro* 
per  Degree  of  Heat,  and  never  to 
put  them  into  too  large  Pots  :  and 
in  Winter  they  fhouid  not  have  too 
much  Water :  about  twice  a  Week 
will  be  often  enough  to  water  themi 
and  in  the  Depth  of  Winter  they 
fhould  not  have  much  at  each  time. 

Thefe  Trees  are  frequently  propa- 
gated in  the  IVeft-Imiies^  by  planting 
of  their  Branches  (as  I  have  been  in- 
formed by  Perfons  of  Credit) ;  hot 
they  cannot  be  propagated  io  Eag- 
land  by  that  Method. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM,  Golden 
Saxifrage. 

The  CharaStrs  arc  ; 

It  hatb  a  ferenntal  Jihrofe  Re^: 
the  Calyx  (or  Fitrwer-cup)  is  diviid 
into  four  Paris  :  the  Fionver  bath  no 
^vifible  Fetalis  hut  hath  eight  Stami- 
na, or  Threadsy  iiuhich  furround  the 
Ovary :  the  Pointal  becomes  a  mem" 
hranaceous  Veffel^  'which  is  forked 
and  ii*val<vef  inchjing  many  fmall 
Suds. 

The  Species  are ; 

I.CHR.YSOSPLEWlUMy#/77i  ampH' 

oribvs  anriculatis,  Tourn.  GoUea 
Saxifrage,  with  large  earM  Leaves, 
2.  Chry so sThEV lU lA  filiis pedi' 
cults  ohkngis  infideiUihus.  RaiiSyn. 
Golden  Sudfrage,  with  Leaves  ftand* 
isg  on  long  Footftalkst 

Thefe 


C  I 

Thefe  two  Plants  are  found  grow- 
ing wild  in  many  Parts  of  EngLrnd^ 
^pon  marfhy  Soils  and  Bogs,  as  alfo 
in  moifl  fhady  Woods,  and  are  fel- 
dpm  propagated  in  Gardens ;  where, 
if  any  Perfon  have  Curiofity  tp  cul- 
tivate them,  they  muft  be  planted  in 
very  moift  (hady  Places,  otherwife 
they  will  not  thrive. 

CIBOULS,  orCHIBOULS. 
rati  Cepa. 

CICER,  Chiches,   or  Chick- 


Tlie  CbaraBers  are ; 
It  bath  a  fea-Jbafed  (or  papHiona' 
eeous)  Flavir^  ivbub  is  fuceetded  by 
fivrt  fwelling  Pods^  fomrwbat  like 
ibi  infiated  Bladder  of  a  Fijb  :  tbe 
Seeds  arejbafdfomewbat  like  a  Rmm*s 
Head. 

The  Species  are  ; 

1.  CiCER  fati'vumy  Jlore  candido. 
C.  B.  P.  Garden  Chiches,  with  a 
white  Flower. 

2.  CicEa  fativumy  femine  rufo, 
C  B.  Manured  Cheches,  with  red- 
iih  Seeds. 

3.  CicBa  fati*oumy  femine  nigro. 
C.  B,  Manured  Chiches,  with  black 
Seeds.  .  / 

4.  CiCER  Jativum^  Jlore  ex  rubra 
p9rfiirafcente,/emifie  rubra,  CB.  Ma- 
narcd  Chiches,  with  purplilh  -  red 
Flowers,  and  red  Seeds. 

There  are  other  Varieties  of  this 
Plant  preferved  in  curious  Botanic 
Gardens  abroad  ^  but  thefe  here  enu- 
merated   are    the   common    Sorts, 
which  are  cultivated  in  the  Kicchen- 
^dens  in  Framce^,  Italy,  Spain,  Stc, 
aad,  I  believe,  are  all  feminal  Va- 
rieties ;  which  alter  and  change  the 
Colour  of  their  Flowers  and  Seeds, 
as  the  common  Garden-beans  do. 
This  Plant  is  feldom  cultivated  in 
1   EngUmd,  except  in  particular  Gar- 
dens :  nor  do  I  think  it  worth  plant- 
iag  for  Ufe  where  Peas  will  do  well ; 
,  whkh  are  fa  much  preferable  for 

6 


c  I 

Goodnefs,  and  much  grester 
ers,  producing  above  double  the 
Quantity  upon  the  fame  Ground  t 
but  in  warmer  Countries,  where  our 
delicate  Sorts  of  Peas  feldom  thrive 
well,  theie  may  fupply  their  Place  % 
and,  perhaps,  in  thofe  Countries 
they  are  much  more  fruitful  thaa 
with  us. 

The  Seeds  of  thefe  Chiches  (hoald 
be  fown  in  Marcb,  in  an  open  Si- 
tuation, and.  upon  a  warm  dry  Soil, 
in  Rows  about  two  Feet  afunder, 
and  as  thick  as  Peas  are  ufually  fown 
in  the  Rows;  When  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  the  Ground  mufl  be  hoed, 
and  the  Plants  earthed,  as  is  pradifed 
for  common  Peas,  to  which  this  t 
Plant  agrees  very  well  in  its  Culture* 
In  yune  and  yuiy  it  will  flower,  and 
Its  Seeds  will  be  ripe  in  Auguft  and 
September, 

The  People  in  France  and  Italf. 
preferve  them  for  boiling 'in  the. 
Winter-fcafon,  as  we  do  our  white  / 
and  gre/  Peas,  to  which  thele  are 
fomewhat  akin  ;  but  in  Spain  the/ 
are  much  ufed  in  all  their  Olio^s  and 
Soups,  as  they  are  alfo  in  Portngal; 
in  which  Countries  they  are  called 
•  Garavances ;  which  may  be  a  com- 
mon Name  for  more  Sorts  of  Le- 
gumes ;  there  being  two  Sorts  of 
the  Kidney -bean,  which  are  com- 
monly known  by  that  Name  in  thofe 
Countries. 

The  Plants  of  this  Cicer  do  not 
climb  as  the  Pea  doth,  but  extend 
their  Shoots  eighteen  Inches  each 
Way  from  the  Root;  although  in 
England  they  are  not  very  fruitful, 
and,  on  that  account,  are  lefs  valu- 
able than  Pea*,  were  they  equally 
good  for  the  Table, 

The  Seeds  are  about  the  Size  and 
Shape  of  a  Rouncival  Pea ;  but  have 
a  Protuberance  on  one  Side  ;  and  it 
is  fuppofed  this  Legume  gave  Name 
to  Cicero  s  who  had  a  Wart  or  Pro* 

tuberanoe 


C  H 

^nfiderable  Diflaoce  every  Way, 
and  hang  downward ;  )vhereby  they 
form  v«ry  larg^  Hcads^  and  afford  a 
l^oodly  Siuule:  the  lower  Branches 
often  hang  fo  low»  as  almoft  to  reach 
tho  GroaB4 :  tbdr  ofual  Height 
from  thirty  to  forty  Feet. 
Thefe  Trees,  being  Natives  r 


thofe  tbey  ^  je  firfl  Crop ;  and  a^iii 
Plants  9^  die  Middle  or  Latter-end ; 
Bed  '  .  M  laft  Crop,  about  the  Mid* 
9  "  /'July.  Thefe  Seeds  Ihould  be 
^  in  an  open  Situation,  and  a 

y^d  rich  Soil,  but  not  too  thidt. 

fi^ben  the  Plants  are  come  up,  and 
grown  to  be  about  two  Inghes  high, 


^^. 


bat 


warmeft  Parts  of  the  World.    '      jit  they  muH  be  tranfplanted  into  ao- 

bfl  preferved  in  this  Count*^    ^  '*-\Ji(i  otfier  good  open  Spot  of  Ground,  at 

one  being  kept  in  the  warr       .  ^""^I^^*-  ^^^^  ^^^  Inches  diftant  every  Way ; 

— j/t-_.ij_i  \      ,  .  obferving  to  trim  off  the  Tops  of 

the  largefl  Leaves  with  your  Knife 
before  yon  plant  them  ;  as  alfo  to 
water  them  conftantly  z^crf  othfir 
Evening,  until  they  have  taken  frefh 
Root :  after  which  time  they  "wili 
need  no  other  Care,  but  to  keep  them 
clean  from  Weeds,  until  they  have 
fo  fpread  as  almoft  to  meet,  and  co- 
ver the  Ground. 

Then  you  (hould  provide  a  Pared 
of  fmall  Ofier-twigs  (or  Bafs-mat]  to 
tie  up  fome  of  the  largeil  to  blanch; 
which  ihouM  be  done  in  a  dry  Af- 
ternoon, when  there  is  neither  Dew 
nor  Rain  to  moillen  the  Leaves  in 
the  Middle  of  the  Plants,   whidi 
would  occaiion  their  rotting  foon 
after  their  being  tied  up.  The  Man- 
ner of  doing  it  is  as  follows;  *oi%. 
You  mud  firft  gath*er  up  all  the  in- 
ner Leaves  of  the  Plant,  in  a  rcga- 
lar  Order,  into  one  Hand  ;  and  then 
take  up  thofe  on  the  OutAde  that 
are  found,  pulling  off,  and  tlirowing 
away,  all  the  rotten  and  decayed 
Leaves ;  obferving  to  place  the  oat- 
iide  Leaves  all  round  the  middle 
ones,  as  near  as  poflible  to  the  naca- 
ral  Order  of  their  Growth,  fo  as  not 
to  crofs  each  other:  then  having  got 
the  whole  Plant  clofe  up  in  your 
Hand,  tie  it  up  with  the  Twig,  (S^f. 
at  about  two  Inches  below  the  Top, 
very  clofe ;  and  about  a  Week  after 
go  over  the  Plants  again,  and  give 
them  another  Tie  about  the  Middle 
of  the  Plant,  to  prevent  the  Heait- 

Icavcs 


and  ihould  always  ttmt 
bed  of  Tanners  Bark 
will  make  bnt  little     /  ^ 

areallof  them  p     ,^ ^/'/i/l/ffff  fi*^^ 

ivhich  muft  be  .^^A/^   Common 

Places  of  the-  '}^^^' 

do  not  pro      C'?f>^0oiiMm^  fi^ve 

Thefe  Seed    fi^yfi^^   Common 

they  will      ^^W 

tont  OVf    ^^f\rti  crijpum,     Toum, 

them  f'    •^v*f^' 

the  Sf     JU^Itvi'  crifpum  angnftifi^ 

at  fo'     ^^,  hd.    Narrow-leav'd 

Ww     ^.  iQjj/ve. 

*^^'      /iJi^V^oR'UM  fyl'vefire,  fi<vt  of> 

Bf        S'lf^CB.    Wild  Succory. 

t>      f^0  ^^  fecond  Sorts  of  En- 

^  gtc  no^  wholly  difufed  in  the 

rtor  ^         curled  Kmds ;  which 
^^y  much  the  larger  and  hand- 
ijiier  Heads-,  and  are  not  fo  bitter 
^c  TaHe  as  the  broad  -  leav'd 
j^fjid.    There .  is  alfo  another  Sort, 
H'hich  is  naturally  white ;  fo  requires 
^ut  little  blanching,  and  is  very  pro- 
per for  the  firfl  Sowings ;  but  this 
being  much  tenderer  than  any  of  the 
other  Sorts,  will  not  bear  the  Frofl ; 
fo  is  unfit  for  Winter. 

The  Seafons  for  fowing  their 
Seeds  are  in  Mtfy,  Jum^  and  Juiyy  at 
four  or  five  different  times ;  for  that 
which  18  firfl  fown  is  very  fubjedl  to 
run  to  Seed,  efpecially  if  the  Au- 
tumn prove  warm  and  dry:  but  how- 
ever, it  it  necef&ry  to  have  a  little 
fown  in  the  Decreafe  of  the  Moon 


C  E 

borftiDg  OQt  oti  0116  SMe  I 

"^e  fubjed  to  do,  as  the 

"  not  prevented  this 


^: 


^u  need  only  tie 

arfty  and  (o  go 

^e  a  Week,  as  the 

^   ^  ^  their  Growth  i   by 

'^  ^  .  yoii  will  continue  the 

^^  g^T  than  if  they  were  all 

^  at  one  tjme :  for  when  they 
quite  blanched*  which  will  be  in. 
oiree  Weeks  or  a  Month  after  tying^ 
tbey  wii^  aot"  hold  found  and  go^ 
above  ten  Days  or  a  Fortnight,  efipe- 
cialiy  yt  the  Seafon  proves  wet: 
tkcrefore  it  is  that  I  would  adrift  to 
fow  at  fottf  different  Seafons,  that 
jou  may  have  a  Supply  as  long  aa 
the  Weather  will  permit*  But  in  or« 
der  to  thitfy  you  muft  tranfplant  all 
the  Pland  of  the  laft  Sowing  under 
warm  Wails,  Pales^  or  Hedges,  to 
breen  the  Plants  from  Froft :  and  if 
the  Winter  (bottkl  prove  very  fharp, 
Xoa  Ihottld  cover  cfaem  with  fome 
Peas-hauJin»  or  foch  other  light  Co- 
vering, which  (hould  be  conftantly 
t9ktn  off  ID  mild  Weather :  thefe 
Sof<ders  (hould  alfo  be  as  dry  as  pof- 
ilble  I  for  thefe  Plants  are  very  fub- 
J0d  to  rot,  if  planted  in  a  moid  Soil 
in  Winter. 

Although  I  before  dire£bd  the 
tying  up  of  the  Plants  to  blanch 
diem,  yet  this  is  only  to  be  undert 
lood  for  the  two  firft  Sowings ;  for 
atfcer  OSohery  when  the  Nights  begin 
to  be  frofty,  thofe  Plants  which  are 
fo  far  above-groand  will  be  liable  to 
be  much  prgndiced  ther^ ;  there- 
kat  tbe  beft  Method  is,  to  take  up 
your  Plants  of  the  latter  Sowings  inr 
a  very  dry  Day,  and  with  a  large 
ibt'polntiBd  Dibble  plant  them  into 
the  Sides  of  Trenches  of  Earth, 
which  zxe  lidd  very  upright,  fide- 
wie,to«yards  the  San,  with  the  Tops 
#f  the  Pbnu  only  ontof  theGroond, 

V9L.I. 


C  E 

{6  that  the  hafty  Raitis  mfy  hm  off* 
and  the  Plstnts  be  kept  dry,  and  fe« 
caired  from  Frofts. 

The  Plants,  thas  planted^  will  b& 
blanched  lit  for  Ufe  in  about  threo 
Weeks  or  a  Month's  time;  after 
which  it  will  not  keep  good  long : 
you  fhould  therefbfe-e  keep  planting 
fome  frelh  ones  into  Trenches  every 
Fortnight  at  leaft,  thit  yon  may  have 
&  Supply  :  and  thofe  which  were  laft 
transplanted  out  of  the  Seed-beds* 
ihouid  be  preferV*d  till  Fihruary  or 
March,  before  they  are  planted  ttf 
blanch  i  lo  that  from  this  yoa  may 
be  fupplied  ontil  the  Beginning  of 
^W/,  or  huer :  for  at  this  laft  plant*' 
li^  into  the  Trenches  it  will  keep 
longer  than  in  Winter,  the  Days? 
growing  longer ;  and  the  Sm,,  ad- 
vancing with  mere  Strength,  dries 
up  the  Moifture  mnch  fooner  than* 
in  Winter,  which  pevent  the  rotting^ 
of  thefe  Plants. 

When  your  Endive  is  blanched 
enough  for  Ufe,  you  muft  dig  it  up^ 
with  a  Spade;  and  after  having^ 
cleared  it  from  all  the  outfide  greent^ 
and  decayed  Leaves,  you  ihoold  waOv 
it  well  in  two  or  three  different  Wa- 
ters to  clear  it  the  better  from  Slugs^ 
and  other  Vermin,  which  commonl/ 
fhelter  themfelves  amongd  thtt 
Leaves  thereof;  and  then  you  may 
ferve  it  up  to  the  Table  with  other 
Sal  lading. 

But  in  order  to  have  a  Sofpply  of 
good  Seeds  for  the  next  Seafon,  yoa 
&uft  look  over  thofe  Borders  where 
(he  laft  Crop  was  tranfplanted,  be- 
fore you  put  them  into  the  Trenched 
to  blanch;  and  make  choice  of  Anne 
of  the  largeft,  founded,  and  moiH 
curled  Plants,  in  Number  a^cordin^ 
to  the  Quantity  of  Seeds  re<}uired : 
for  a  fmall  Family,  a  doz^  of  good 
Plants  will  produce  enough  Seeds ; 
and  for  a  large,  two  dozen  or  thirty 
Phmct. 

Y  Thefe 


C  I 

Thefe  (hould  be  taken  up  and 
traDfplanted  under  an  Hedge  or  Pale 
at  about  eighteen  Inches  dillant^  in 
one  Rpw  about  fix  Inches  from  the 
Hedge,  &c.   This  Work  (hould  be 
done  the  Beginning  of  March^  if 
the  Seafon  is  mild,  otherwife  it  may 
be   deferred   a    Fortnight   longer^ 
When  the  Flower -items  begin  to 
advance,  they  fhould  be  fupported 
%vith  a  Packthread,  which  (hould  be. 
failened  to  Nails  driveainto  the  Pale, 
or  to  the  Stakes  of  the  Hedge,  and. 
run  along  before  the  Stems,  to  draw 
them  upright  dofe  to  the  Hedge  or 
Pale  s  otherwife  they  will  be  liable 
to  break  with  the  (Irong  Winds. 
Obferve  alfo  to  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds,  and  about  the  Begin- 
ning of  Jufy  your  Seeds  will  begin 
to  ripen :  therefore,  as  foon  as  you 
find  the  Seeds  are  quite  ripe,  you . 
muft  cut  off  the  Stalks,  and  expofe 
them  to  the  Sun  upon  a  coarfe  Cloth 
to  dry ;  and  then  beat  out  the  Seeds, 
which  muft  be  dried,  and  put  up 
in  Bags  of  Paper,    and   preferred 
for  Ufe  in  fome  dry  Place.     But  I 
would  here  caution  you,  not  to  wait 
for  all  the  Seeds   upon   the  fame 
Plant  {    for  if  fo,  all  the  (irft  ripe 
and  beft  of  the  Seeds  will  fcatter 
and  be  loft  before  the  other  are  near 
ripe  I  fo  great  a  Difference  is  there 
in  the  Seeds  of  the  fame  Plant  being 
ripe. 

*   The  wild  Succory,  of  which  there 
are  fome  Varieties  in  the  Colour  of 
the  Flowers,  is  feldom  propagated 
in  Gardens ;  it  growing  wild  in  un- 
frequented Lanes  and  Dunghils  in 
divers  Parts  of  England^  where  the 
Herb- women  gather  it,  and  fupply 
the  Markets  for  medicinal  Ufe. 
CICUTA,  Hemlock. 
The  Chara^ers  arej 
^ht  Liamis  an  cut  into  many  tni- 
nuti    Segments  :    the  Petals  of  the 
Fl^ver  are  bifd^  hcart-Jhaftd^  and 


•      c  I 

unequal:   the  Flower  is  fuecetded  hy 
tiuo  fifort  ehanelUd  Seeds. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  CicuTA  major,  C.B,  Com* 
mon  or  Greater  Hemlock. 

2.  CicUTA  minor^  petrtfeiino  fimi' 
lit.  C.  B.  Le(rer  Hemlock,  of 
Fool's -parfley. 

There  ari  fome  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  preferred  in  cunou» 
Botanic  Gardens)  but  the  two  Sorts 
here  mentioned  are  what  we  find 
wild  in  England. 

The  (irft  Sort  grows  to  a  confider- 
able  Height,  and  is  chiefly  found 
upon  the  Sides  of  dry  Banks  in  many 
Parts  of  England:  the  Leaves  of  this 
Plant  are  of  a  (hining  green  Cotoor, 
and  the  Stalks  are  fuU  of  purple 
Spots;  by  which  it  is  eaiily  diftin- 
gui(hed  from  any  Plants  that  refem- 
ble  it.  This  Sort  ia  fometimes  nfcd 
in  Medicine;  tho*  by  many  People 
it  is  thought  to  have  a  noxious  Qua- 
lity :  but  the  Hemlock  of  the  Aa- 
tients,  which  was  fuch  deadly  PoiioB, 
is  generally  fuppoM  to  be  very  dif- 
ferent from  this. 

This  fecond  Sort  is  of  a  fmalkr 
Growth,  and  fo  like  Parfley,  that 
fome  unikilful  Perfons  have  gathered* 
it,  and  ufed  it  as  fuch ;  by  whidi 
feveral  Perfons  have  fufPered  in  their 
Health,  and  fome  have  been  de- 
ftroyed  thereby,  which  occafiooed 
the  Name  of  Fools-pariley. 

Thefe  Plants  are  never  propagated' 
in  Gardens  for  Ufe,  but  are  gathered 
by  the  Herb  women  in  the  Fields. 

CICUTARIA.  ride  LxgMcam. 

CINARA,  The  Chardon. 

CiNARA  /pino/a,  cujus  pedicnii 
efitantur,  C.  B.  P.  383.  Chirdon 
or  Cardoon,  *vulgo,  « 

The  other  Species  of  this  Genos^ 
are  treated  under  the  Title  Aru- 
choke. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  ihoald  be  fown  on  an  open 

M 


C  I 

ted  of  light  Earth  the  Beglnmng  of 
March  i  and  when  the  Plants  appear 
above-ground,  tbey  (hould  be  care* 
fiilly  weeded,  and  in  dry  Weather 
often  refreihed  with  Water.    By  the 
Beginning  of  May  the  PJants  will  be 
fit  to  tranfplant ;  when  you  Ihould 
prepare  Tome   Beds  of   light  rich 
Earth,  into  which  they  (hoa)d  be 
tranfplanted,  placing  them  in  Rows 
ooe  Foot  afunder,  and  eight  Inches 
DiAance  Plant  from  Plant  in   the 
Kows;  obferving  to  water  them  con- 
ftantly,  until  they  haire  uken  Root ; 
after  which  time  they  will  require 
little  more  than  to  be  kept  clear 
fiom  Weeds.     About  the  Middle  or 
Latter-end  of  Jum,  the  Plants  will 
have  acquired  Strength  enough  to 
plant  oat  for  Continuance ;  at  which 
time  you  OMift  carefully  dig  a  Spot 
of  light  rich  Ground,    into  which 
you  ihould    tranfplant   the  Plants, 
placing  them  in  Rows  at  four  Feet 
DiiUnce  every  Way,  obferving  to 
water  them,  until  they  have  taken 
lloot  I  after  which  you  mud  keep 
tbem  very  clear  from  Weeds.  In  //«*. 
p^  thefe  Plants  wil  be  lit  to  tie  up, 
which  mud  be   performed   in  the 
following  manner;  n/iz.  You  (hould 
firft  prepare  a  Parcel  of  Hay -bands; 
dien,  in  a  dry  Day,  you  mufl  gather 
ttp  the  Leaves  regularly,  as  they 
were  produced ;  and  having  taken 
them  up  as  clofe  as  pofllble,  without 
bruifing  them,  you  muil  faflen  the 
Hay.band  round  them  near  the  Top, 
fe  as  to  keep  them  up :  then  with  a 
Spade  you  mud  bank  up  the  Earth 
TOQnd  the  Plants,  leaving  about  ten 
laches  or  a  Foot  of  their  Tops  un- 
covered ;  being  careful  that  the  £artk 
does  not  get  into  the  Centre  of  the 
Plants,  which  would  endanger  their 
'^^^ing.    As  the  Plants  advance  in 
^^gbt,  they  mud  be  earthed  up 
from  time  to  time,  in  the  fame  man- 
^  M  if  praAifed  for  Celery ;  by 


CI 

which  means  moftof  tke.;KaFth'.bfft 
tween  the  Plunts  will  be  raiied  about 
them ;  for  if  they  thrive  kindly, 
they  will  grow  to  the  Height  of  thre^ 
F^et  a;^d  an  half,  or  four  Feet ;  an4 
will,  when  taken  up  for  Ufe,  be 
near  three  Feet  in  Length,  when 
trimmed  from  their  outer  Leaves. 
And  it  is  in  this  their  E^icellenc/ 
confids ;  for  it  is  only,  the  tendef , 
blanched  Part  which  is  valuable., 

Thofe  Chardons  which  were  tranCr 
planted  out  in  Jun^^  will  be  £t  fos 
Ufe  by  Sepitmhir ;  but  thofe  whicl^ '. 
were  later  tranfplanted,  will  not  be 
fit  for  Ufe  until  OSober ;  and  fome 
of  them  will  continue  until  the  End 
of  November  J  or  the  Middle  of  Z)^* 
amher,  provided  the  Seafons  be  fa* 
vourable  ;  but  in  very  wet  Seafons,- 
or  fevere  Frofls,  they  often  rot  land 
decay. 

In  order,  to  fave  Seeds  of  this 
Pi  ant,  you  (hauld  prefer  ve  fome  of . 
the  dronged  and  mod  vigorous 
Plants,  obferving  in  fevere  Frods  to 
cover  them  lightly  with  Straw«  or^ 
Peas-haulm  i  which  ihould  be  con**- 
dantiy  taken  off  in  mild  Weather^ 
otherwife.it  .will  e.:danger  thc^rot^ 
ting  of  the  Plants.  In  the  Spring 
the  Earth  ihould  be  taken  from  the 
Plants  gradually,  that  the  Stems  may 
advance ;  and  in  June  their  Heada 
will  be  formed  much  like  a  fmall 

• 

Artichoke,  but  full  of  iharp  Thorns  \ 
in  thefe  Heads  the  Seeds  are  con- 
tained, which  will  be  ripe  in  Augufi, 

CINERARIA.     Vide  Jacoh^a. 

C I R  C  E  A,  Inchanter's  Night- 

ihade.  *  .,« 

The  CbaruQen  are  ;  ^ 

//  hath  a  ptr^ntiial  creeping  Root : 
the  Lea*vejy  avhich  are  ^whoie^  eLn4% 
Jhaped  fometuhat  iiks  thofe  of^  Night'* 
Jhaelr,  are  placed  ^lt£rnatefy,upon  the 
Branches :   the  Tlowen  cct^s  cfttKtK 
heavesy  ivhich  reft  upon  a  tnvg  Ua^'*d 
EmpaUfnent :  the  Hewers  ar<  fuc 
Y  2  ceeOt 


CI  CI 

^WttUi  ly  a  fiaffiafedFnaf^  tviicb  piiui^  mmgno^  forum  fiamkuim  fmu 

h  hurry  rit  tbt  Ovtfiiiy  and  divided  punis.  C.  B.  P.    GeQtl6>diiiUe,  with 

itarfwoCelhi  in  iacb  of 'which  mri  a  \wtgt  fingle   Head,,  and  porpfa 

wumtn^  for   thi  mafl  fart,   tnv§  Staminm, 

^bng  Sttdt,  6.  QiMivwffUk  mn  hirfa^s^jk- 


The  Specter  9Te ;  ritms  »w^et&ii,   C.  B,  Pi,     Gcntb- 

1.  CVrcea  LaieHam.  L§h.  km»    liiifile  with  fmooth  Leaves,  and  com- 
Jbdumter^s  I^ij^tihade.  paA  Heads. 


#.  Orcba    mimma.    Col.    The         j ,  Qimwm  at^fiifeliam  mu  k^^ 

finalleft  rnchonter's  Nighdhade.  einiahtm.  C.  B.  P.    Gende-tbiAb 

The  Mt  of  theTe  Plants  19  very  with  narrow  whole  Leaves, 
common  in  moift  fhady-Places,  and         8.  Cirsi^um  frertnfw  afybodtii ra-^ 

Wider  Hedges,  in  mod  Parts  of  Eng'  dicr^  tatifilinm,  Inft.  R.  H.    finHd* 

bffdi  but  the  fecond  hath  not  been  kavM  Gentle-thUHe,  with  aa  Afyho- 

fcund  wild  with  us,  tho'  it  grows  del-root. 

In  nenty  in  the  Woods  near  the        9.'Cirsivm  bumhifngMfHfiBMtu 

HaguTf  where  I  gathered  it,   and  Infi.  R>  H,     Low  narvow  -  leav*< 

brought  it  into  Ettgiand,  where  it  Gentle-thiftle. 
continues  to   retain   its  Difference        ro.Ciasivu  tnhrefian^  cMpituh 

from  the  common  Sort,  notwith-  Jfuarrofis.    Hort,  Elih.     TabooA- 

Kanding  fome  People  have  fQpp6fed  rooted  Gentle  -  thiftie,  with  roBgb 

it  to  be  the  fame.     They  are  both  Heads. 

greit  Runners  in  a  Garden;    for        11.  CiR-sivir  latifitlium^   Upf^ 

which  ReaTonthqrfhouId  be  planted,  empitnlk.  Lift.  R.  H^    Broad-lcav'd 

ky  thofe  who  would'  keep  them  for  Gentle-thiftle,  with  Heads  like  the 

Variety,  in  fomeabjed  (hady  Part  Burdock. 

of  tiie  Garden,    where  few  other        12.  Cirsivm  aemnhmdes  motUh 

ihings  will  grow.  mrm,  fere  fianfefcente.    Jkft,    R,  Hk 

CIRSIUM,  Soft  orGentle-thiftle;  Mountain  Gent^-thiftle, with LeavA 

aadbyibmeMelancholy-thtflle.  like  Bear*8- breech,  and  ayellowiih 

The  CbaraSers  are  j  Flower. 

//  hath  Leaves  and  Flowers  very         i^.CifihvM  humi/enso»SanMam^ef* 

liie  iheft  oftheThiftk ;  hwt  the  Sfiner  noghffi foli9y  p^lyanthemmm.  RaiiSjn. 

Itpon  the  Leaves  are  Jofter^  and  the  Dwarf  mountain  Gentle- tfa>(Ue,widi 
Cup  of  the  Flower   is  deftitute  of   an  Hound^s-tongue-leaf,  and  numy 

J»/fffif/.  Flowen. 

The  ^pedes  are ;  The  firft  and  fecond  Sc^ts  grow 

I.  CiRsiuM  AngUcnm.  Ger,  The  wild  in  England i  and  the  thimendr 

^nglijh  Soft  or  Gentle-thiftle.  is  found  upon    the  Mountains  in 

*  a«  Qi%9\vn' Brictatnicumt  Clufii  Wales \  fo  are  feidom  cultivated  in 

ripens.   J.  B.     The  great  EngUfo  Gardens :  the  two  firft  are  very  apt 

Soft,  Gentle,  or  Melandioly-thiftte.  to  fpread  at  their  Roots  fo  that  they 

3.  Cirsivm  maximum^  ajpodeli  *  ^e  very  troublefome  Weeds  wheir 
tmdice.  CB.  The  greateft  afphodel-  they  once  got  PoiTeffion  :  the  kft 
rooted  Gentle-thiftle.                        .  Sort  is  of  humble  Growth^  and  doos 

4.  CiRSiUM  snaculis  argenfeis  no*  not  fpread  at  the  Rootv 

iatum,  Tourte.    The  white -fpotted        All  the  other  Sorts,  except  the 

Gentle-thiftle.  tenth,  grow  in  Spain^  Porti^al^  and 

54  C1K8IVM  -majus^  fngtdari  ca*  Fram9:  but  thefc  are  extreme  hardy 

Plaotfr 


C  I 

Plaots }  fo.  Will  grow  in  any  Situa- 
tion ;  bat  noc  in  Places  where  tbey 
luive  too  much  Wet  in  Winter :  they 
nay  be  all  propagated  by  Seeds,^ 
which  fliould  be  (own  the  Beginning 
xAjfynl^  in  a  Bed  of  common  Earth ; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up, 
where  they  are  too  dofe,  they  fiiould 
be  thinned,  and  kept  clean  from 
Weeds  till  the  following  QBohtr^ 
when  they,  may  be  tranfplanted 
where  they  are  to  remain. 

Moft  of  tbefe  Sorts  require  a  large 
<Share  of  room ;  for  their  Leaves  are 
lar^y  and  fpread  very  wide ;  and 
their  Stalks  will  rife  to  the  Height 
of  four  or  five  Feet,  having  many 
Branches,  which  mud  be  fupported 
with  Stakes,  otberwife  the  Wind  will 
break  them  down,  and  render  them 
onfighdy:  they  may  alfo  be  pro- 
jAgated  by  parting  their  Roots  in 
OBoher^  which  muft  be  treated  as 
the  Seedling-plants.  Some  of  thefe 
Sorts  have  been  propagated  in  Phy- 
fic- Gardens  for  medicinal  Ufe,  as 
they  were  fuppofed  to  have  Virtue 
in  caring  Madnefs ;  but  they  are  not 
fit  Ornaments  for  other  Gardens. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  a  Native  of /7r- 
pnia  and  Carolina^  from  whence 
their  Seeds  have  i)een  brought  into 
Eur$pe;  and  many  of  the  Plahts  have 
been  raifed  in  England^  which  are 

freferved  by  the  Curious^in  Botany  ; 
Dt  there  is  no  great  Beauty  in  the 
Flowers :  the  Roots  of  thefe  Plants 
{[TOW  as  large  as  aWalaut ;  the  Stems 
rife  about  two  Feet  hlgb»  and'  are 
gvnifhed  with  Flowers  almoft  their 
whole  Length  ;  thefe  do  not  perfedi 
their  Seeds  in  this  Country. 
CISTUS,  Rock-rofe. 
The  CharaQers  arc ; 
//  hatb  fbt  Appearance  of  a  Trie: 
iht  Leaves  are  produced  fy  Pairs  op* 
M^e  upon  the  Branches :  the  Cup  of 
the  FUrMer  con/tfls^  of  t^ee  or  fi^ve 
leevet :  tbt  flmmtr  ionfifit  ef  manj 


c  I 

Leaves^  ivhsch  are  expanded  In  farm 
of  a  Rofiy  having  abundance  of  Stjt- 
mina  or  Threads  in  the  fAiddU :  frmm 
the  Centre  of  the  Cup  arifes  theOvary^ 
vohich  is  rough  and  hemi/pherica/f  ami 
becomes  a  rount^Jh  or  pointed  Vtjfei^  * 
conjifiing  of  many  Celts  ^  in  v)hicia^ 
contained  mawji  Jmall  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  C  I  s  T  u  s  mas^  folio  eHong% 
incano,  C.  B,  The  Male  Cif^tv 
or  Rock-rofe,  with  oblong  hoaiy 
Leaves. 

2.  CisTUS  mas  ma/or^  foBo  r$»  • 
tundiori,  C.  B,    The  greatcft  Malt 
Ciilus  or  Rock-rofe,  with  roundiih  ^ 
Leaves. 

3.  Cist  us  ma's^  folio  brevim, 
C.  B.  ShortleavM  Male  Ciftos  ob 
Rock-rofe. 

4.  CiSTXis  kas^  fhliis  widstlatis 
(^  crifpis.'  Toum.  Male  Ciftus  tfr 
Rock-rofe,  with  waved  and  toxhi 
Leaves. 

5.  Cist  us  ladMnifera  Monjpe* 
lienfium.  C.  B.  The  gnm-bearing 
Ciftus,  or  Rock-rofe  of  Montpelier. 

6.  CiSTUS  ladanifera  Hi/panica^ 
faUcis   folio,  fore    candido.    Tourn» 
Spanijh  gum- bearing  Ciilus  or  Rock- 
rofe,  with  Willow-leaves,  and  whits 
Flowers'. 

7.  ClSTUS  ladanifera  HiJ^nicd^ 
faUcis  folio,  fiore  alio,  macula  puni' 
cante  infignito,  Toum,  Spanijh  gatn'^ 
bearing  Ciftus  or  Rock-rofe,  with 
Willow-leaves,  and  white  Flower! 
fpottcd  with  Purple. 

8.  Cist  us  ledon  latifo/ium  Cr#» 
ticum.  J.B.  Sweet  broad -leky'd 
Ciftus  or  Rock-rofe  from  Crete. 

9.  Cist  us  ledon,  foliis  popuU  eti* 
grit,  major,  C.  B,  Large  fwee^ 
Ciftus  or  Riock-rofe,  with  black 
Poplar-leaves. 

xo.  ClSTUS  ledon,  folih  popun 
nigrit,  minor,  C.  B,  Small  fweet 
Ciftus  or  Rock^rofe^  with  black 
Poplar-leaves. 

y  3  n.CrtTvs 


C  I 

,    II.  CiSTUS   ladamfefa  Crtiica^ 
Jtore  fiurpureo,    Tourn.   Cor.     Sweet 

fum  -  bearing  Ciftus  or  Rock-rofe 
om  CreUf  with  purple  Flowers. 

I2..C1STUS  maj  Lufitanica^  folh 
mmflijjimo  incam,  Infi.  R,  H.  Male 
Portugal  Rock-rofe,  with  an  ample 
hoary  Leaf. 

13,  Cist  us  famifutj  folio  fuhvia^ 
glatior^  £sf  re3is  njirgis.  C.  B.  P. 
Female  Rock  rofe,  with  Sage-leaves, 
and  the  Shoots  growing  crcdt. 

.14.  Qi^TV%  faemipa^  folio  falvi^^ 
Jufina..humL  fparfa.   C,B»P.      Low- 
fpreacfiog  Female  Rock-rofe,  with  a 
Sage-leaf. 

15.  CiSTus  ledon^  birfntum. 
C.B,  P,  Hairy  gum  Ciflus  or  Rock- 
rofe.' 

1,6.  Cist  us  leJon  angujiis  foliis. 
C.  B,  P,    Narrow-leav'd  gum  Ciflus 
.  or  Rock-rofe. 

<7.ClSTUS  Itdon^ foliis rcrifma rini 
hifpidis.  C.B.P.  Gum  Ciilus  or 
Rock-rofe,  with  prickly  Rofmary- 
leaves. 

The  various  Kinds  of  thefe  Plants 
are  very  great  Ornaments  to  a  Gar- 
iden :  their  Flowers  are  produced  in 
great  Plenty  all  over  the  Shrubs, 
which,  tho'  but  of  a  (hart  Duration, 
vet  are  fucceeded  by  freih  ones  a!  moft 
'*  fYcry  Day  for  above  two  Months 
fucccfliveJy.  Thefc  Flowers  are  many 
of  tHem  about  the  Fignefs  of  a  mid- 
dling  Rofe,  but  fingfc,  and  of  dif- 
ferent Colours.  The  Plant  continues 
green  throughout  the  Year. 

Thefe  Plants  are  all  of  them  hardy 
enough  to  live  in  the  open  Air  in 
gnglafid,  uplefs  in  very  feverc  Win- 
,  ,  ters,  which  often  dcftroy  them  1  fo 
that  a  Plant  or  two  of  each  Sort  may 
be  kept  in  Pots,  and  (hcltered  in 
Wiotcr,  to  prcferve  the  Kinds  ;  the 
reft  may  be  intermixed  with  other 
Shrttbs,  whcr^  they  will  make  a 
pretty  Diverftty ;  and  in  futh  Places, 
whqrc  ch^y  are  fiieitc^cd  by  pcher 


CI 

Plants,  they  will  endure  the  Cold 
much  better  than  where  they  are 
fcattered  (ingly  in  the  Borders.  Many 
of  thefe  Plants  will  grow  to  the 
Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet,  and  will 
have  large  fpreading  Heads,  pro- 
vided they  are  permitted  to  grow 
uncut ;  but  if  they  are  ever  trimmed, 
it  (hould  be  only  fo  much  as  to  pre- 
vent their  Heads  from  growing  too 
large  for  their  Stems ;  for  whenever 
this  happens,  they  are  apt  to  fall  on 
the  Ground,  and  appear  unfightly. 

When  thefe  Plants  are  propagated 
by  Seeds,  they  are  very  apt  to  vary 
from  the  original  Plants  whence  the 
Seeds  were  taken ;  fo  that  I  believe 
many  of  them,  which  are  enumerated 
as  different  Species,  are  only  acci- 
dental Varieties ;  but  thofe  which 
are  diftinguiQied  by  the  Title  of 
Male,  never  produce  any  of  the  Fe- 
male, nor  nfice  'uorja. 

Thefe  Sorts  may  all  be  propa- 
gated by  fowing  their  Seeds  upon  a 
gentle  Hot-bed,  or  on  a  warm  Bor- 
der in  the comihon  Ground  in  March; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up 
about  three  Inches  high,  they  fhoold 
be   tranfplanted   either   into   fmall 
Pots,  or  a  Border  of  good  light  Eaitb, 
at  about  ten  Inches  Diftance  every 
Way :  if  they  are  planted  into  Pots, 
they  (hould  be  removed  under  a  com- 
mon Hot -bed  frame  in  Winter,  to 
defend  them  from  the  Froft,  which 
may  be  hurtful  to  (hem  while  young, 
if  they  are  not  protefted  from  it; 
but  they  (hould  nave  as  much  free 
open  Air  as  podible  in  mild  Weather, 
and  will  require  to  be  often  refrefhed 
with  Water. 

In  the  Spring  following,  thck 
Plants  may  be  turned  out  of  the  Pots, 
with  all  the  Earth  preferved  to  their 
Roots,  and  planted  in  the  Places 
where  they  are  to  remain  (for  they 
are  bad  Plants  to  remove  whe^ 
grown  eld),  obfeiving  to  gitre  them 

aoir* 


CI  CI 

nov-aed-then  a  little  Water,  until  with.  From  this  Plant  Clufiu$  thinkB 
tiiey  have  taken  fiieih  Roots ;  after  might  be  gathered  great  Quantities 
which  tiine  they  will  require  no  far-  of  the  Ladanura,  which  is  ufed  in 
ther  Care,  than  to  train  them  upright  Medicine,  in  the  Woods  in  Spain^ 
an  the  marnier  yon  would  have  them  where  he  faw  vait  Quantities  of  this 
grow:   but  thofe  Plants  which  were  Shrub  growing, 
at  firft  planted  into  a  Border  in  the        Neither  this  Sort,  nor  the  fixth, 
open  Ground,  (honld  be  arched  over,  often  perfeA  their  Seeds  in  England \ 
and  covered    with  Mats  in  frofty  fo  mud  be  propagated  by  Cuttings, 
Weather,  durinr  the  firl^  Winter ;  unlefs  their  Seeds  are  procured  from 
but  may  be  crampfainted  abroad  the  Spain   and  Portugal,    where   they 
iiicceeding  Spring.      In   removing  abound  ;   and  from  whence  great 
of  chefe  Plants,  you  (hould  be  careful  Quantities  of  Seeds  have  been  lately 
to  preferve  as  much  Earth  about  the  fent  to  England, 
Roots  as  yon  can ;  and  if  the  Seaibn        All  the  other  Sorts  produce  Plenty 
ihould  prove  hot  and  dry,  you  muft  of  Seeds,  fo  that  there  will  be  noNe* 
water  and  fiiade  them,   until  they  ceility  for  propagating  thofe  by  Cut- 
have  taken  freihRoot;  after  which  tings;   becaufe  thofe  Plants  whidi 
they  will  require  no  other  Culture  come  from  Seeds,  will  be  much  bet- 
than  was  before  dire£led.  ter :  thefe  all  grow  wild  in  the  South 
Thefe  Plants  may  be  aHb  pro-  of  France,  in  Portugal,  Spain,  and 
psgated    by    planting  Cuttings  of  other  warm  Countries, 
them  upon  a  gentle  warm  Bed  in        But  it  is  from  the  eleventh  Sort, 
May  or  'Jnne,  keeping  them  (haded  that  Monileur  Tonrncfsrt  fays  the 
with  Mats,  and  frequently  refreihcd  Gntks  in  the  Archipilago,    gather 
with  Water,  until  they  have  takan  this  fweet  Gum  :   in  the  doing  of 
Root,  which  will  bte  in  about  two  which,  Bellonius  fays,  they  make  ufe 
Months  time ;  when  yon  may  tranf-  of  an  Inftrument  like  a  Rake,  with* 
plant  them  into  Pots  filled  with  good  out  Teeth,  which  they  call  Ergaftri: 
fre(h  I'ght  Earth,  which  ihould  be  to  this  are  tied  many  Thongs  of  raw 
fet  in  a  (hady  Place  until  tliey  have  and  untanned  Leather,,  which  they 
taken  Root,  and  then  may  be  ex-  rub  gently  upon  the  Bulhes,  that 
pofed  to  the  open  Sun  until  OSoher,  produce  the  Ladanum,  that  fo  that 
when  you  (hould  remove  them  into  liquid  Moifture  may  flick  upon  the 
Shelter  the  firft  Winter ;  but  the  Thongs :  after  which  they  fcrape  it 
fucceeding  Spring  you  mcy  plant  off  with  Knives  :  this  is  done  in  the 
Aem  abroad,  as  was  before  direAed  hotreft  time  of  the  Day  \  for  which 
for  the  Seedling-piants.  Reafon,  the  Labour   of  gathering 
The  feventh  Sort  is  by  much  the  diis  Ladanum  is  exceffive,  and  almoft 
moit  beautiful  of  all  thefe  Ciftus^  :  intolerable,  (ince  they  are  obliged 
^  Flowers,  which  are  as  big  as  an  to  remain  on  the  Mountains  for 
handfome  Rofe,  are  of  a  fine  White,  whole  Days  together,  in  the  very 
with  a  deep-purple  Spot  on  the  Bot-  Heat  of  Summer,  or  the  Dog-days : 
torn  of  each  Leaf.    This  Plant  alfo  nor  is  there  any  Perfon  almoft  that 
^unds  with  a  fweet  glutinous  Li-  will  undertake  this  Labour,  except 
^«>r,  which  exudes  thro*  the  Pores  the  Gretk  Monks, 
of  the  Leaves  in  fo  plentiful  a  man-  «     Monfieur  Toumefirt  alfo  relates 
*^9  in  hot  Weather,  that  the  Sur-  the  fame  in  his  Travels  i  where  he 
^fifthcLtiarcs  are  covered  there-  &ys.  That  the  Shruhi  which  pro- 

Y  4    .  duce 


C  I 

ioct  Hit  Ladanum  grow  upon  Aty 
fandy  Hillocks;  and  thac  he  ob- 
ierved  feveral  Country -fellows  in 
their  Shirts  and  Drawers,  that  were 
bruihing  the  Shrubs  with  their 
Whips ;  the  Straps  whereof,  by  be- 
ing drawn  over  the  Leaves  of  the 
Plant,  licked  up  a  fort  of  odorife- 
rous Balfam  (licking  upon  the  Leaves, 
ivhich  he  {uppofes  to  be  Part  of  the 
nutritious  Juice  of  the  Plant,  which 
exudes  through  the  Pores  of  the 
Xeaves,  where  it  remains  like  a 
fattiih  Dew,  in  (hining  Drops  as 
clear  as  Turpentine. 

When  the  Whips  are  fuffidently 
bden  with  this  Greafe,  they  uke  a 
JCnife,  and  fcrape  it  clean  of  the 
Straps,  and  make  it  up  into  a  Mafs 
cf  Cakes  of  different  Sizes :  this  is 
ivhat  cpmes  to  us  under  the  Name 
of  Ladanum  or  Labdanum,  A  Man 
that  is  diligent,  will  gather  three 
bounds  two  Ounces  per  D^y,  or 
more,  which  they  fell  for  a  Crown 
on  the  Spot.  This  work  is  rather 
vnpleafant  than  laborious;  becaufe 
it  mufl  be  done  in  the  hotted  Time 
of  the  Day,  and  in  the  greateft 
Calm.  And  yet  the  pure  A  Ladi^num 
is  not  Utt  from  Fiitn ;  becaufe  the 
Winds  of  the  preceding  Days  have 
blown  Dull  upon  thefe  Shrubs, 
vhicli,  by  the  giewy  Subdance  up- 
on the  Surfaces  of  the  Leaves,  is 
thereby  detained,  and  mixed  tiiere- 
vith.  Bat  to  add  Weight  to  this 
Drug,  they  knead  it  up  with  a  very 
^ne  blackiih  Sand,  which  is  found 
in  thole  Parts ;  as  if  Nature  herfelf 
ivas  minded  to  teach  them  how  to 
adulterate  this  Commodity.  It  is 
po  ea(y  thing  to  difcover  this  Cheat, 
v/hen  the  fand  ha^  beep  we}l  blended 
with  the  Ladavunt:  in  order  to 
V^hich  you  mud  chew  it  for  fome 
time,  to  £nd  whether  it  crackles  be- 
t»'een  the  Teeth  ;   and  if  it  doth, 

you  muA  M  diffolv^  i^  and  (}i^ 


C  I 

ilrain  it;  in  order  to  paiify  awif 
what  has  been  added  to  it. 
CITREUM,  The  CitcoB-tn& 

The  CharmQtrt  are  ; 
h  bath  hnad  fiiff  Letnm  Uht  th^/t 
of  the  Lamrsl^  hut  wffiihomt  amf  Af- 
pcndix  (as  Jf^tb  the  Ormngi) :  the 
Flowirs  C9mfift  ofmrnwy  Lttntes^  tvbUb 
expand  infirm  of  a  Rojk:  tke  Of  af 
the  Fhwer  isfiender  and  fi^.  W 
ii  di*vided  into  Jkte  Segtmemtj  «/  ibe 
Top:  tbe Pifiloftbe  Fhwer  bteomee 
an  oblongs  tbteip  fiejby  Fruity  nnbith 
is  di*videdinto  maxjf  Cells  ^  is  nferyfiA 
of  Juice^  emd  coniaisu  federal  bard 
Seeds. 

The  Species  are  i 

1 .  C I TR  E  u  M  *vulgare.  Tomtm,  Tbi 
common  or  ordinary  Citron. 

2 .  Ci  T  R  E  u  M  dnlci  medulla.  Toemu 
The  fweet  Citron. 

5.  QiTfL^vummgno  frssBUo  Tosprg. 
The  large  Citron. 

4.  Ci  TRIO  I  PBS,  w^o  Cicratna 
FUnntinum,  fru&u  magno  tdermsofut 
turb/naiOf  l^evi  ae  fitemi  meduUay  eof 
tiee  odoratiJfim^^fiUislongioribtit  eiiro, 
Hon.  Pijf\  Florentine  Citron,  with 
large  fweet  Fruit,  of  a  fweet-iJDcU* 
ing  Rind,  and  long  Leaves. 

5.  CiTRioiDEs,  feu  Citratoqi 
Flarentinum^  fruQu  mucronato  i^  re* 
eur^o^  eortice  *verru€ofo  odoratiffimo* 
Hort,  Pijf,  Florentine  Qtron,  widi 
a  pointed  Fruit,  which  is  recurved, 
and  a  warted  fweet- fmel ling  Ripd. 

6.  CiTRioiDEs,  feu    Citratum 

Florentinum,  fruQu  minori^  fere  ro* 
tundot  acriori  medulla^  eortiee  odora* 
tijfimo  Hort.  PiJ.  Florentine  Citroo, 
with  a  fmall  roundiih  Frjiit,  with  a 
fharp  TaAe,  and  fweet-fmellingRiod. 

7.  CiTRioiDEs,  feu  Cstntu9 
Florentine  odorfitiffimum^  fruSu  pto^ 
lifero.  Hort.  PiJf,  Sweet- findliAg 
Florentine  Citron,  with  Froic  com* 
iog  out  of  each  other. 

There  are  feveral  other  Variedei 
Qf  ^  Ff  \^it,  with  wi4cb  the  £9^^ 

fiarcffftt 


Gtrdaiit  hanre  been  fiipplicd  ftom 
Gim^p  where  is  the  great  Nurfery 
kt  the  £mnd  Parts  of  Europe  lor 
this  Sort,  as  alfo  Orangr  and  Le- 
»oa-tiees :  and  the  Gaidetters  who 
CDltivate  them  there,  an  as  food  of 
iatrodaciag  a  new  Variety  to  their 
CoUeftion,  as  die  Narfeiy-men  in 
Evglaml  ai^e  of  a  new  Pear,  Apple, 
Peach,  ^c.  lb  that  the  Varieties  be- 
ing zaamUXf  increaied,  as  are  waw 
fifwT  Fruits  from  Seeds,  there  is 
lifceto  benoEndoftlte  Variety  of 
thde,  nor  of  the  Orange  and  Lc- 
non-trees. 

Tbemoft  Talnafak  Kind  of  thefe 
Fruits  is  the  fifth,  which  is  in  ib 
great  Efteem,  that  the  fingk  Fruits 
are  fold  at  Florenct  for  two  Shillings 
each,  and  are  Cent  as  Presents  to  the 
Courts  of  Princes.  This  Froit  is 
not  to  be  had  in  Perfedion  in  any 
other  Parts  of  I/afy,  but  in  the 
Plain  between  Pt/a  and  Leghorn: 
and  although  Trees  of  this  Kind 
have  been  tranfplanted  from  that 
Spot  to  divers  other  Parts  of  ItaJy, 
yet  they  are  found  to  lofe  mnch  of 
that  excellent  Tafte  with  whifh  they 
abound  in  thofe  PUins« 

The  feveral  Sorts  of  Citrons  are 
cultivated  much  in  the  fame  manner 
at  the  Orange-tree ;  to  which  J  ihall 
refer  the  Reader,  to  avoid  Repeti- 
tion: hat  fliall  only  remark,  that 
thefe  are  ibmewhat  tenderer  than 
the  Orange,  and  Ihonld  therefore 
have  a  warmer  Situation  in  Winter; 
Otherwife  they  are  very  fobjedl  to 
caA  their  Fruit.  They  fliould  alfo 
continue  a  Istde  longer  in  the  Houfe 
an  the  Spring,  and  be  carried  in  again 
fooner  in  the  Antamn ;  as  alfo  have 
a  warmer  and  better  defended  Situ- 
atiotfin  the  Summer,  though  not  too 
VMich  expofed  to  the  Son  in  the 
iieat  of  the  Day. 

And  as  their  Leaves  are  larger, 
Mul  their  Shoots  Usanaer^  than  thoCs 


C  L 

of  the  Orange,  they  require  a  great^ 
er  Plenty  of  Water  an  the  Summer  ; 
and  in  Winter  they  fhould  have  but 
little  Water  at  each  time,  which  mull 
he  the  oftener  repeated.  The  Soil 
ought  to'be  much  the  fame  as  for 
the  Orange-tree,  but  not  quint  fo 
firong. 

The  iCoaamon  Citxon  is  much  the 
beft  Stock  to  bud  any  of  the  Orange 
or  LemoB  Kinds  upon,  k  being  the 
firaiteft  and  fraeft-growing  Tree: 
the  Rind  is  fmoother,  and  the  Wood 
lefs  knotty,  than  either  the  Orange 
or  Lemon,  and  will  t^ke  either  So^ 
full  as  well  as  its  own  Kind ;  which 
is  what  none  of  the  other  Sorts  will 
do:  and  thefe  Stocks,  if  rightljr 
managed,  will  be  very  (Irong  thf 
fecond  Year  after  fpwing,  capable  to 
receive  any  Buds,  ^nd  wilt  have 
Screngdi  to  force  them  out  vigorouf«- 
ly ;  whereas  it  often  happens,  when 
thefe  Buds  are  inoculated  ioto  weak 
Stocks,  they  frequently  die,  or  re« 
main  till  the  fecond  Year  befort 
they  put  ov|t :  and  thofe  that  fhoot 
the  next  Spring  after  budding,  are 
oftentimes  fo  wtak  as  hardly  to  be 
fit  to  remain,  being  incapable  to 
make  a  ftrait  handfome  Stem,  which 
is  the  great  Breauty  of  thefe  Trees* 

CITRUL ;  <uide  Pepo. 

CLARY*  '^i^^  Horminum,  er 
Sdarea. 

CLEMATIS,  Travelers  Joy. 
The  CharaSe^s  are ; 

It  bath  a  perennial  fihrofe  Rooi  t 
the  Leei*ues  groau  oppofite  upote  tb$ 
Stalks:  ibe  Flonvers,  nvbifb  conjijl^ 
for  the  fnoft  party  of  four  Leantes^ 
placed  inform  of  a  Crofs^  are  naked, 
banking  no  Calyx.  In  tb$  Centre  of 
the  Flower  are  many  bairy  Staminil 
(or  Tbr$mds)p  nabicb  furround  tbo 
Fointal:  the  Fointal  after^utard  be^ 
eomes  a  Fruity  in  nvbicb  tbe  Suds  an 
gatberedf  ae  it  njoere^  into  a  littU 
H*^  €9^1  i4  4  hnd  of  Plunge, 


C  L 

The  Sfecin^TC; 
f.  Ql.tVLKTisfi've  flammuU  fitT" 

nffa  alha.  C,  B,  Upright  white 
Climber. 

2.  Clematis  carultatreSa,  C B. 
Upright  blue  Climber. 

J.  Clematis  Hijpanica furrtSa 
altera  £ff  Jbumiiior,  Jlore  albicante, 
H,  R,  Par,  Low  Spanijb  Climber, 
with  a  whitiih  Flower. 

4.  Clematis /y/vefiris  latifoUa, 
a  B,  Great  wild  Climber,  or  IVa- 
Tellers  Joy. 

5.  Clematis  Jjflvtfiris  latifoUa^ 
folm  non  incifii,  fount'   Great  wild 
Climber,  or  Travellers  Joy,   with 
tindivided  Leaves. 

6.  Clematis  pengrina^  foUis 
fyri  iucifis,  C,  B.  Spamifij  Climber, 
or  Travellers  Joy,  with  cut  Leaves. 

7.  Clematis  Canadenjis  trifdiu 
dintata^  fion  alho,  H.  R»  Par, 
Three-leaved  Canada  Climber,  with 
a  white  Flower. 

8.  Clematis  caeruUa^  *uel  pur- 
furiareptns.  C.  B.  Purple  creep- 
ing ClimW,  or  fmgle  Virgins- 
bower,  tjulgo. 

9  Clematis  caruUa^flon pUno. 
C.  B'  Blue  Climber,  with  a  double 
JFlower,  or  double  Virgins- bower, 

10.  Clematis  nptns  rubra^ 
BoerJf*  hd  Red'creepiog  Climber. 

11.  Clematis  Orientalise  folio 
mpiit  Jlore  ex  njiridi  fianjefcente^  pofti- 
riutrefiixo.  T.  Cor.  Eaftern  Clim- 
ber, with  a   Smal)age-leaf,    and  a 

,  reflexed  Flower  of  a  greeniih  Yel- 
low. 

12.  Clematis  purpurea  r opens ^ 
fetalis  Jlorum  coriaceis.  Banifi,  Cat, 
Purple  creeping  Climber,  with  ftiiF 
Petals. 

The  I  ft,  2d,  and  3d  Sorts  die  co 
the  Sarface  of  the  Ground  every 
Winter  i  but  their  Roots  are  of  long. 
Continuance,  ariiing  again  in  the 
Spring.    The  2d  and  3d  u(ual]y 


c  L 

grow  with  OS  about  three  or  four 
Feet  high,  and  produce  great  Quan* 
titles  of  Flowers ;  but  the  ift  Son 
is  of  humbler  Growth,  feldom  rifing 
above  1 8  Inches ;  but,  in  other  re- 
rpe&,  is  very  like  the  3d. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  ei- 
ther by  Seeds,  or  parting  of  their 
Roots ;  but  the  former  being  a  tedi- 
ous Method  (the  Plants  fddora  Hie- 
ing until  the  fecond  Year  after  fow- 
ing,  and  are  often  two  Years  mote 
before  they  flower),  the  latter  is  ge- 
nerally pradifed.  The  beft  Scafoo 
for  parting  thefe  Roots  is  in  OBAer 
or  February  ;  either  juft  before  their 
Branches  decay,  or  before  they  rife 
again  in  the  Spring. 

They  will  grow  almoft  in  any 
Soil  or  Situation :  but  if  the  Soil  is 
vtxY  ^^Xf  ^b€y  ftiould  always  be 
new  planted  in  the  Autumn,  other- 
wife  their  FJowerswill  not  be  fo 
ftrong :  but  if  the  Soil  be  wet,  it  is 
better  to  defer  it  until  the  Spring, 
The  Roots  may  be  cut  through  th«r 
Crowns  with  a  (harp  Knife,  obfenr- 
ing  to  preferve  to  every  Off-fet 
fome  good  Buds  or  Eyes;  and  then 
it  nutters  not  how  fmall  you  divide 
them ;  for  their  Roots  increafe  very 
fail :  but  if  you  part  them  v^  fmall, 
you  (hould  let  them  remain  tw« 
Years  before  they -are  again  remov- 
ed, that  the  fecond  Year  their  Flow- 
ers may  be  (Irong,  and  the  Roots 
multiplied  in  Eyes,  which  in  one 
Year  cannot  be  obtained. 

Theie  Plants  are  extreme  hardy, 
enduring  theCold  of  our  fevereftWia- 
ters  in  the  open  Airland  are- very 
proper  Ornaments  for  large  Gar- 
dens, either  to  be  planted  in  largeBor- 
ders,  or  intermixed  with  other  hardy 
Flower^roots  in  Quarters  of  flower- 
ingShrubs ;  where,  by  being  placed 
promifcuottfly  in  little  opefrPkces, 
they  fill  up  thoie  fmall  Vacancies, 

and  arc  agreeable  cnopgh.    They 

bcgm 


C  L 

fcegin  to  flower  about  the  Beginning 
aijime^  and  often  continne  to  oro- 
iwt  fre(h  Flowers  nntil  Septem&er ; 
which  renders  them  valuable*  ef- 
pecially  fince  they  require  very  little 
Cue  in  d^ir  Colture;  for  their 
Roots  may  be  fuf!er*d  to  remain 
ieveral  Years  andiftarb'd^  if  we  do 
not  want  to  part  them,  which  will 
not  in  the  leaft  prejudice  them. 

The  4th  and  5  th  Sorts  are  found 
wild  in  moft  Parts  of  England^  ef- 
P^lv  the  4th,  which  erows  upon 
theSiaesof  Banks,  under  Hedges, 
and  extends  its  trailing  Branches 
over  the  Trees  and  Shrubs  that  are 
near  it.  This  Plant  in  the  Autumn 
is  generally  covered  with  Seeds, 
which  are  collected  into  little  Heads, 
each  of  which  having,  as  it  were,  a 
loogh  Plume  faftenM  to  it,  hath  oc- 
cafion'd  the  Country-people  to  giye 
itsfae  Name  of  Old  Man's  Beard. 
The  5  th  Sort,  being  no  more  than 
an  accidental  Variety  of  the  4th,  is 
often  found  intermixed  therewith. 
The  Country-people  make  ufe  of 
the  Branches  of  this  Plant  for  bind- 
ing op  Fagots :  their  Branches,  be- 
bg  very  tough  and  pliable,  are  very 
proper  for  this  Purpofe. 

The  6th  Sort  is  an  Ever-green ; 
and.although  it  be  a  Native  of  a 
warm  Country,  yet  I  find  is  hardy 
enough  to  endure  the  Cold  of  our 
Ginsate  in  the  open  Air.  This 
Plant  commonly  produces  vaft  Quan- 
tities of  large  greenilh-yellow  Flow- 
en  in  the  Depth  of  Winter  (provi- 
ded it  is  not  retarded  by  Ytry  fevere 
Weather);  for  which  Reafon,  to- 
gether with  the  Beauty  of  its  ver- 
dant Leaves  at  that  Seafon,  it  de- 
ftrves  a  Place  in  every  good  Garden : 
but  ^&  the  Branches  of  this  Sort  ex- 
tend to  a  coniiderable  Diilance,  it 
Ihoold  have  a  ^^W  pr  Palc«  to  which 
fbey  muil  be  f^ftencd  to  fnppoVc 


C  L 

• 

them,  otherwife  they  will  lie  on  tlie 
Ground. 

The  7th  Sort  is  very  like  the  4tli» 
which  is  our  common  Sort;  from 
which  it  only  differs  in  having  bat 
three  Lobes  to  each  Leaf,  whereas 
the  other  has  five  or  more. 

The  8th  and  loth  Sorts  are  the 
moft  common  in  Spain  and  Italy  % 
from  whence  they  were  brought  in- 
to England^  and  are  now  propagat- 
ed in  the  Nurfery- gardens  for  Sale, 
undfer  the  Title  of  Single  and  Double 
Firgins'ho'auer*.  The  purple  Sort  ia 
more  commonly  to  be  found  than 
the  red  Sort,  which  has  been  but  of 
late  Years  introduced  into  the  Eng- 
lijh  Gar<jlens ;  and  is,  at  prefent,  but 
in  few  of  the  Nurferies  near  London, 
This,  and  the  double  Sort,  are  very 
pretty  Ornaments  to  the  Flower* 
garden. 

The  I  ith  and  1 2th  Sorts  are  a1(b 
uncommon  in  England  at  prefent  r 
the  11th  was  brought  from  the 
Livant  by  Monf.  Tommefort^  the 
chief  B()tanift  of  the  late  King  of 
France.  The  1 2th  was  brought  from 
America t  where  it  is  found  in  divert 
Parts  in  great  Plenty ;  but  particu- 
larly in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  ; 
from  whence  I  have  received  Seeds 
of  this  Plant,  which  have  grown 
with  me  in  the  Phyiic-garden.     ^ 

The  nine  laft-mentioned  Sorts  are 
all  of  them  trailing  Plants,  fome  of 
them  growing  to  a  very  great  Length  ; 
particularly  ithe  4th,  gth,  and  7th 
Sorts,  which  (hould  be  planted  in 
large  Wildernefs-quarters,  near  the 
Stems  of  great  Trees,  to  which  they 
fiiould  be  trained  up;  where,  hy 
their  wild  Appearance,  they  will  be 
agreeable  enough* 

The  other  Sorts  are  pi'oper  enough 
to  intermix  with  flowering  Shrubs 
of  a  middling  Growth  j  where,  being 
£ifien*d  to  ftrong  Stakes*  they  will 

riie 


C  L 

0k9b9Vit  fix  or  feven  Feet 
and  produce  great  Quantitiet  of 
flowers.  Thek  may  alfo  be  plant- 
td  to  cover  Seats  in  Wildemefs- 
4|i»arter8,  thacare  defigned  for  Shade ; 
$o  which  f  urpofe  thefe  Plants  are 
Tery  well  adapted  i  requiring  little 
iBorc  Care  than  to  train  their 
Branches  regularly  at  firft,  after 
which  they  will  maintain  themfelves 
^ry  well.  • 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
laying  down  their  Branch^  (as  is 
praftisM  for  Vines),  which  in  one 
Yearns  time  will .  take  Root,  provt* 
ded  the  Layers  are  chofen  from  the 
Shoots  of  the  fame  Year*s  Growth ; 
for  if  the  older  Branches  are  laid 
down»  they  ieldom  take  Root ;  or 
if  they  do,  it  is  commonly  two 
Years  befocf  they  will  be  fit  to  cut 
oir  from  the  old  Plants.  The  beft 
Time  for  making  thefe  Layers  is 
about  the  Beginning  of  OBobir^ 
when  the  Plants  have  done  ihooting ; 
which  if  rightly  perfoirmed,  d^ 
Layers  will  have  taken  good  Roof 
by  that  time  Twelve»month,  and 
inay  then  be  removed  to  the  Places 
where  they  are  defisn'd  to  remain  \ 
or  into  a  Nurfery-bed»  where  they 
nay  grow  a  Year  or  two  ;  but  when 
ihefe  are  removed  tp  the  Placas 
where  they  are  to  fland,  you  muft 
obferve  to  lay  a  little  Mulch  upon 
the  Surface  of  the  Ground  round 
their  Roots,   and  to    water  them 

fmtly  in  dry  Weather.  In  two 
ears  after  planting  th^y  will  make 
ygtity  ftrong  Shoots,  whi^  fhould  be 
trained  up  to  Stakes,  that  they  may 
not  trail  upon  the  Ground ;  which 
would  fpoil  their  flowering,  and 
render  thepi  \cty  iinfightly.  From 
this  time  they  wul  require  no  krther 
Care,  than  to  cut  out-  every  odier 
Year  the  decayU  BraoAcii  and  m 


C  L 

the  Spring,  toihorteafiMiBnttcto 
as  may  have  grown  too  long  and 
ramUing  from  the  Ftoces  whoc  ch^ 
ape  piaaled. 

Thefe  alfo  may  be  fws*d  frw. 
€eeds,  whkh  Should  be  fo^w>  cither 
9A  fooD  as  ripe,  or  very  eariy  ia  tie 
Spring,  in  a  Bed  of  frefli  ligk 
£arth,  or  inPou  or  Boxes  fiU'd  with 
fome  Earth ;  becanfe  the  Seeds  of 
■loft  of  thefe  Plants  remain  in  tie 
Groand  until  the  fecond  Spring  be- 
fore they  appear,  efpedaily  if  they 
were  not  wm  in  Antnnui*  Whea 
the  Plants  came  up,  they  miift  hr 
carefully  cleaned  from  Weeds ;  and 
in  very  dry  Weather  frequently  w»^ 
ter'd ;  and  in-the  fuoceeding  Spring 
they  fhottld  be  tranfplantcd  out  iaia 
NuHery-bedc,  where  chey  may  re- 
.  main  two  Years  longer  i  by  which 
time  they  wth  have  arrived  at 
Strength  to  flower,  and  may  then  be 
removM  to  the  feveral  Places  whcie 
they  are  to  remain. 

CLETHRA. 

The  CharaBir%  are  ; 

ne  Emfaiemmt  rf  tbe  FU^utn 
tmfifis  9f  five  09tai  emuave  Umws: 
l/frr  FkmoMT  kath  Alfo  five  •blwg  Pi* 
ta/s,  which  extmd  htymd  ihe  Em* 
f^iement:  the  Peimiml  is  fiiuaied  m 
the  Centre  of  the  FleRxter^  hennMgs 
trifid  Stigma,  eiud  is  mttemded  hy  tea 
Stamina,  which  are  firttthed  heftmi 
/he  Flower  J  and  are  covered  with 
Smmmits :  the  Fointnl  afterward  be- 
comes a  roumdift>  Fmit^  efening  in  three 
Cells,  and  filled  with /mall  angukr 
Seeds. 

We  have  but  one  Sort  of  diis 
Shrub;  vim. 

CLETNaA.     FUr.  yirg. 

This  Shrub  is  figured  by  Dr* 
Plnkenet,  under  the  Title  of  Ahd' 
folia  Americana  ferraia^  fioribns  fee^ 
utfetaHs  mlhU  in   Mcam  diffeftiu 


C  L 

fd*  rt;.  /oi.   I.  U  is  aUb  wtf 

fignicd  in   Mr.  Cattjlrft  Hifiery  of 

This  Skrab  k  aNaciveof /Tf^Wn 
•nd  Car^/ima,   wkere  it  grows  in 
meill  Places^  and  near  the  Sides  df 
Rivulets,   riiing  to  the  Height  of 
ciiFeWe  or  fborteen  Feet :  the  Leaves 
are  in  Shape  like  thofe  of  the  Alder- 
tree;    bot  are  fmaller:   thefe  arc; 
^ced  alternately  upon  theBranches : 
Hie  Flowers  IH^  produced  at  the  Ex- 
tifeiiiity  of  the  firancher,   in  clofe 
Spikes :  tk^  are  conpofed  of  iivo 
Leaves^  are  whitf ,  and  fall  of  Sfa- 
^ttna:  th^e  are  produeed  in  Jufy,  -  . 
This  is  hardy  enough  to  bear  the 
open  Air  of  EngJmm/^  a^d  is  one  of 
themoft  beantifolShrabsat  the  Sea« 
isaitf  its  flowering  I  which  is  very 
little  later  than  in  its  native  Country^ 
Uag  commonly  in  Flower  hereby 
the  Latter-end  of  yu/y :  and  as  the 
^ihes  of  Flowers  are  produced  up- 
aa  moft  of  the  Shoots,  the  whole 
Shnib  appears  covered  with  Flowen. 
This  iBttft  have  a  moift  Situation* 
cvherwife  it  will  not  thrive ;  and  if 
Hisflieltered  by  other  Trees,  at  a 
little  Diftance,   it  will  thrive   thd 
i^ttter.    It  is  piopflgated  by  Layers ; 
bat  they  are  generally  two  Years  be-- 
faathey  get  Root»  fo  that,  at  pre- 
fat,  it  is  very  rare  in  Eng/am/.  The 
fincft  Shrubs  of  this  Kind»  which  I 
^ve  yet  feen,  are  ia  the  carious 
(^ttdeaa  of  his  Grace  the  JXike  of 
•^hS^>  St  Whitton  near  Hornnjlvw^ 
whne  they  duive  as  wcU  as  in  theii* 
asdiFe  Country.    Thefe  do  not  per- 
te  their  Seeids  ia  this  Country  i 
^  the  Seeds  which    have  been 
vnmght  hom  AmaricM^  have  very 
nrely  fooceeded;   bdng  light  and 
^^^1  they  fooa  lofe  ^ir  growing 
^^SS&scfi  but  if  the  Shrub  can  be 
^*^  propagated,  fo.  as  to  become 
^ty  m  Englanii,  it  will  be  an  ad- 
'  Beauty  to  tbe  Gaidens>  aa 


C  L 

k  flowers  at  aSeafo*  when  few-ktlMr 
$ort»  are  in  Beauty. 

CLIFFORTIA, 
The  Cbartitttrt  are; 

It  is  Mmii  and  FmutU  im  diffgnwi 
Plants :  the  Flowers  of  the  Mah 
Plants  hd^vt  a  tkrte-lea'v^d  Emfah^ 
snent^  bsst  no  Petals :  the  Stamina^ 
^sshicb  are  n)ery  numeronsy  occupy  the 
^tvbeh  Empalement :  -the  Female  Flow* 
ers  ha*ve  no  Petalsy,  but  a  three-UoH^d 
Empalement ;  in  the  middle  of  mobkk 
the  Pointal  isjitnated^  fuf porting  tw» 
Styles,  and  a/tcmvard  becomes  ais  oh' 
long  Cap/ale f  opening  in  t*wo  QeSs^ 
oaeh  halving  a  jingle  tetptrSeedn 
The  Specks  are; 

I.  Clip  FORT  I A  foiiis  deftteetis^ 
mas.  Un.  Hort.  Cliff,  Male  CliC* 
Ibrtia,  with  indented  Leaves.  This 
Plant  has  been  known  by  the  Tttlo 
tiCaenphorette^Capenfoi  eryngii  foUti 
as-  aUb  that  of  Arbufcula  Afra,  foSm 
iHeiSf  casdem  amplexOf  rigido^ 

2 .  C  L I  pro  RT I A  foiiis  lanccolatis  its* 
tegerrimiSf  foemiua,  Lin.  Hart.  Cltffi 
Female  Cliffortia,  with  intire  Leaves. 

3.CLiFP0RTrA  foiiis  tematisy  ft'* 
lefisy  faemina,  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff.  Pe» 
male  Cliffbrtia,  with  narrow  hisirf 
Leaves. 

4.  CtiPFOaTiAytfA^/i  ternestisf^^ 
ijolo  intermedio  tridenOato.  Flor.  Leyi^ 
Three-leavM  CHfibrtia,  withchemicU 
die  Leaf  divided  into  three  Parts. 

The  firft  Sort  ha^  been  long  a» 
Inhabitant  in  fevend  curious  Gar« 
dens  in  England.  This  Plant  is  a 
Native  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hopt^ 
where  alfo  moil  of  the  other  Sorts 
are  fuppofed  to  grow :  but  theie  are 
at  prefent  very  rare  in  Engltmd: 
they*  are  all  of  them  preferved  in 
Green-houfes  in  Winter,  and  j^ced 
abroad  in  Summer,  with  other  £xo^ 
tic  Plants  of  the  fame  Country,  and 
make  an  agreeable  Variety  when 
diey  are  intermixed.  The  firft  Soit 
is  fo  hardy  as  to  live  in  the  open 

Air 


C  L 

Afr  in  very  mild  Winteln,  vfhea  it 
kas  been  planted  in  a  warm  Border, 
near  a  Wall :  bot  in  fevere  Froft 
they  are  deftroyed ;  therefore  fome 
Plants  (hould  be  houfed  in  Winter, 
to  preferve  the  Kinds.  This  Sort 
will  grow  to  the  Height  of  five  or 
Bx  Ftttf  if  the  Branches  are  trained 
vpto  Stakes;  otherwife  they  will 
fall  to  the  Ground,  and  appear  on- 
fightly:  for  the  Branches  are  fo 
llender  as  not  to  be  able  to  fapport 
therafelves.  The  Leaves  of  this 
Sort  clofely  embrace  the  Stalks,  and 
ate  indented  on  their  Edges^  which 
end  in  fharp  Points.  Thefe  leaves 
continue  green  all  the  Year;    in 

Shich  the  Beauty  of  the  Plant  con- 
h,  for  the  Flowers  have  no  Beauty. 
This  may  be  eaiily  propagated  by 
Cnttings,  during  any  of  the  Sum- 
aier- months.  They  may  be  planted 
in  a  ibady  Border,  and  fupplted  with 
Water  in  dry  Weather ;  and  in  two 
Months  they  will  have  taken  Root, 
and  may  afterward  be  taken  up  and 
potted,  or  planted  in  a  warm  Bor- 
der, where  they  are  to  remain. 
Thofe  which  are  planted  in  Pots, 
iDoft  be  houfed  at  the  fame  time 
when  Myrtles,  and  other  hardy 
Green-houfe  Plants,  are  put  into  the 
Hoafe ;  and  (hould  be  placed  where 
they  may  have  as  much  frte  Air  as 
poffible  in  mild  Weather ;  for  they 
only  want  Protedion  in  fevere  Froft. 
The  other  Sorts  may  be  treated 
in  the  fame  manner ;  but  thefe  do 
not  fo  eafily  take  Root  from  Cut- 
tings ;  fo  may  be  propagated  by  lay- 
ing down  their  tender  Branches  in 
.  May ;  which,  if  duly  watered,  will 
have  taken  Root  by  the  Middle  of 
September  ;  when  they  may  be  taken 
off,  and  each  planted  into  a  feparate 
Pot;  and  fhoald  be  placed  in  a 
ihady  Situation,  until  they  have 
taken  new  Root :  after  which  they 
may  be  placed  in  a  iheltered  Situa* 

6 


C  L 

tion,  until  they  are  removed  idto  die 
Green-houie. 

CLINOPODIUM,  Fidd-bafi!. 
The  CbaraBers  arc  ; 

It  is  a  Plant  nmtb  a  hAiaiti 
Flotvery  confifling  o/^mg  Leaf,  «uMe 
ftfper  Up  is  upright^  romnSfify  jW 
generally  fplit  in  ttvo ;  hut  the  Beari^ 
or  under  Lip,  is  Handed  inte  three 
Segments :  thefe  Flo'wers  are  £fpe^ 
in  IVberUs  reund  the  Stalks^  and  art 
fneceededhy  oblong  Seeds:  to  'wbieh 
Notes  flfould  be  added^  The  Emtak- 
ment  is  cut  into  ffuered  Pestts^ 
The  Species  zxt  I 

1.  Clinopodxum  origanm  Jismle 
elatius^  maiorefore.  C.  B.  The  taDer 
Field-bafil,  with  a  large  Flower  re* 
fembling  Baftaid-marjoram. 

2.  Clinopodium  arigano  fimile^ 
fiorealbo.  C,  B.  Field- bafil,  with  a 

white  Flower  refemblxng    Eaftard- 
matjoram. 

3.  Clinopodium  etm>emfe^  oeym 
facie,  C.  B.     Wild  Field- bafil,  i«- 

fembling  Bafil. 

4.  Clinotodiuu  origano  Jismle 
humilius  alterum^  minori  folio,  C.  B. 
P,  Lower  Fieldbafil,  re(embling 
Pot- marjoram. 

5.  Climopodium  Anftriaetm^ 
auf  Hifl.     Auftrian  Field- bafil. 

6.  Clinopodium  Rotnannm,  am* 
joran/e  folio,  Bocc,  Muf,  Rosnan 
Field-bafil,  with  a  Marjoram-leaf. 

7.  Clinopodium  mentha  folio^ 
incannm  ^  odoratum,  Hort,  Elth. 
American  Field- bafil,  with  an  hoary 
Leaf  like  Mint,  fmelling  fweet. 

8.  CnHO^ODiviifolrislinearibMi 
acurninatis,  capitnlis  terminatricibns, 
Lin.  Hort.  diff,  American  FicU- 
bafil,  with  narrow-pointed  Leaves, 
and  the  Flowers  colleded  in  Heads 
at  the  Top  of  the  Shoots. 

9.  Clinopodium  foliis  hmceoU.'' 
tis^  capitulis  terminatricibus.  Ue* 
Hort.  Cliff.  Field-bafil  withafpcar- 
ihap'd  Leaf,  and  the  Flowers  col< 

ledcd 


ct 

kA£d  in  Heads  on  the  Top  oF  the 

Branches. 

The  firft  Sort  grows  wild  upon 
dry  chalky  Hills  in  divers  Parts  of 
England.     The  fecond  is  a  Variety 
of  the  firft,  from  which  it  only  differs 
in  the  Colour  of  the  Flower.  Thefe 
Sorts  abide  many  Years,  and  may 
be  propagated  in  a  Garden,  by  ei-' 
dier  fowing  their  Seeds,  or  parting 
their  Roots ;  the  latter  of  which  is 
the  moft  expeditious  Method,  as-  alfo^ 
the  fared   Way    to    peferve    the' 
white- flowering  Kind  in  its  Coloar, 
bccaufe  it  may  return  back  to  the 
purple  Kind,  from  which  it  at  firft 
degenerated.     Thefe  Plants  >  ihould 
hive  a  light  Soil,  and  an  open  Si- 
tuation, in  which  they  will  thrive 
exceedingly. 

The  third  Sort  is  alfo  found  upon 
very  ftony  or  gravelly  Hills  in  feve- 
ral  Parts  of  England i  but  this,  be- 
ing a  biennial  Plant,  js  only  propa- 
gated by  Seeds,  which  ihould  be 
fown  foon  after  they  are  ripe,  other-' 
wife  they  will  hardly  grow :  this 
muft  have  a  very  poor  ftony  Soil,  in 
which  it  chiefly  delights. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant, 
which  was  brought  from  the  Alps :. 
thb  (hould  be  fown  in  the  Spring  of 
the  Year,  in  almoft  any  Soil; and  be- 
ing a  very  good-nacur*d  Plant,  will 
thrive  in  any  Part  of  the/ Garden. 

The  fifdr  Sort  grows  wild  in  Auft- 
na\  from  whence  the  Seeds  have 
heea  fent,  which  grow  very  well 
with  us ;  and  it  is  hardy  enough  to 
Rfift  our  Cold  in  the  open  Air,  if 
planted  in  a  dry  Soil. 

The  flxth  Sort  is  a  biennial  Plant : 
^s  is  alfo  hardy,  and  will  thrive  in 
the  open  Air:  the  Seeds  may  be 
fewn  in  jifril  upon  a  Bed  of  light 
^Tth,  and  the  Plants  will  come  up, 
«nd  begin  to  flower  in  July ;  and 
there  will  be  a  Continuation  of  Fiow-^ 


c  L 

era  until  the  Froft  comes  on  in  Ao* 
tumn:  the  Seeds  of  this  Sort  will, 
ripen  in  Auguft  and  Siptimber, 

The  feventh,  eighth,  and  ninth 
Sorts  )ire  Natives  of  the  Northern 
Parts  of  America  ;  from  '  whence 
their  Seeds  have  been  brought,  and 
the  P!ants  are  preferved  in  Some  ca- 
rious Gardens,  more  for  Variety 
than  Ufe  or  Beauty :  the  eighth  Sort . 
is  commonly  called  Peny-royal  by 
the  Inhabitants  of  America,  front  the 
Scent  of  the  whole  Plant,  which  is 
very  like  that  of  Peny-royal. 

7'he(e  are  all  hardy  enough  to 
live  in  the  open  Air,  provided  they 
have  a  fheltered  Situation  ;  and  may- 
be propagated  either  by  Seeds,  part- 
ing their  Roots,  <^  by  Cuttings^ 
which  eafily  Mke  Root  in  any  of  the 
Summer-months:  they  generally  de- 
cay to  the  Ground  every  Winter, 
and  rife  again  the  following  Spring. 

The  other  Species,  which  have 
been  ranged  in  this  Genus,  are  re- 
ferred to  Monarda  and  Zixiph^ra, 

CLITORIA.     riif  Ternatea. 

CLUSIA,    The Balfamtree. 
The  Cbara3eri  are ; 

The   Empalement  ef  the    Flower 

confijls  offi've  roundifi  concanje  Leaves^ 

nnhieh  fpread  open  :  the  Flotwer  has 

five  concave  Petals^  *whieh  expsutd  in 

form  efa  Ro/e :  from  the  Empalement 

ari/es  the  Pointal,  fuppbrting  a  glo" 

hular  Ne^arium  $  tvhich  is  perfora^ 

ted  at  the  Top :  in  this  is  included  the 

Gefmen,  *which  a/tertvard  becomes 

an  o<val  Fruit,  divided  into  federal 

Farts  Umgitudinally,    baiving    ontat 

Seeds  Jurrounded  voith  a  Pulp,  and 

fixed  to  an  angular  Column^ 

The  Species  are ; 

I.  Clusia  flore  albo^  fruSu  cot* 
cineo.  Plum,  Nov.  Gen,  Baliam- 
tree  with  a  white  Flower,  and  a^ 
fcarlet  Fruit. 

S.  Clvsia 


CL 

treie  witk  a  large  Rofe-flower,  and 
•  gytociiUh  Fruit. 

3,  Clusia  Jlon  rffitCf  mtMt^ 
Jhi3u  Jtawftfnte,  Plum,  AW.  GtH, 
laliacn-tree  with  a  faNLll  Rofe-flow- 
•r»  and  a  yellowilh  Fruit. 

4.  Clusia  miia  miliar^  Jhre  mih^ 
JrmSm  9fir§fc€niti  Flmm,  Nov.  Gen. 
Mikan-tfce   witk   a   fmall    white 
Flower»  and  a  grceo  Fruic 

TlM^iril  and  fourth  Sons  are  pret« 
t]r  Gomnion  Jn  the  Brii^  Iflands  of 
jfrnnicm^  where  they  grow  to  the 
Height  of  twenty  Feet,  and  (hodt 
out  many  Branched  on  every  Side, 
which  are  fumiihed  with  ^ck  round 
fuGGoknt  Leavee  placed  oppoiite  by 
^airs :  the  Flowers  ave  produced  at 
the  finds  of  the  Branches,  each  hav* 
ing  a  thick  fucculent  Cover:  thefe 
Flowers  are  of  different  Colours  in 
different  Plants,  fome  being  red, 
others  ydlow,  feme  white,  and 
fome  green :  after  the  Flowers  are 
paft,  they  sLre  fucceeded  by  oval 
Fruit,  which  afe  aHb  of  different 
Colours  in  different  Plants:  froni 
every  Part  of  thefe  Trees  exudes  a 
fort  of  Turpentine,  which  is  called 
in  the  Weft-ItiMfs  Hog-gum;  becaiHe 
they  fay,  when  any  of  the  wild 
Hogs  are  wounded,  they  repair  to 
theie  Trees,  and  rub  their  wounded 
Farts  againil  the  Stems  of  thefe  Trees, 
till  they  have  anointed  themfelves 
with  this  Turpentine,  which  heals 
their  Wounds:  the  Turpentine  of 
the(e  Treefr  is  alfo  greatly  recom- 
mended for  the  Cure  of  Sciatica^s, 
by  fpreading  it  on  a  Cloth,  and  ap- 

Spying  it  as  a  PlaiAer  to  the  Pait  af- 
isOed. 

Thefe  Plaats  are  at  prefent  verf 
rare  in  Eutppe:  there  were  fome 
Years  ago  fome  fine  Plants  in  the 
Garden  of  Mr.  Parker^  near  Croytlin 
uk  ^mtfi  thefe  were  brought  over 


CL 

crowittg  tn  Tnbs  of  Eardi  fiom  MSr- 
hadosy  which  is  the  bcft  Method  of 
procurkig  them  1  lor  the  Seeds  fel** 
dom  fttcceed ;  and  the  yoong  Pfamts 
gfow  fo  (krarly,  as  not  to  make  any 
Figure  in  feme  Years  1  but  in  tie 
bringing  over  the  Plants,  great  Care 
ibottld  be  had,  that  they  do  not  re- 
ceive much  Wet ;  for  as  thefe  Plana 
have  yttf  fucculent  Stems,  Mdftne 
will  can4  them  to  n>t. 

Thefe  Pknts  are  tender ;  fe  moft 
be  co«ffantl)r  kept  in  the  Stoves 
othe^ife  tiiey  will  not  live  thro* 
the  Winter  In  EMgiamd:  they  moft 
alfo  be  watered  Ytry  ipartngly,  e^* 
ciaUym  Winter  1  for  thefe  Plaati 
naturally  grow  in  thefe  Parts  of 
the  lAands,  where  it  feldom  rains; 
therefore  they  can*t  bear  SMch 
MOfftitte* 

They  may  be  propagated  by  Cat- 
tings  which  muft  be  laid  to  dry 
when  they  are  cut  offfrom  the  PJaao 
for  ten  Days  or  a  Fortnight,  tfaaft  the 
wounded  Part  may  be  healed  over, 
otherwife  they  will  rot :  when  de 
Cuttings  are  planted,  the  Pots  fliould 
be  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark,  and  now-and-tkes  gently 
refr^ed  witk  Wafier:  the  befbdme 
for  Ranting  fkefe  Cuttings  is  in  Jufy^ 
that  tkey  may  be  weU  rooted  before 
die  cold  Weather  comes  on  in  Au* 
tumn.  In  Winter  thefe  Plants  may 
b6  placed  upon  Stands  in  the  diy 
Stove;  but  if  in  Summer  they  ait 
plunged  into  the  Tan>bed,  they  will 
make  great  Progreft,  and  their 
Leaves  will  be  large,  in  which  con- 
fifts  the  great  Beauty  of  thefe  Plaats. 

CLUTIA. 
The  CiutrmSirs  are; 

//  h  Male  midPemaU  in  dtfert0 
Plwtts  :  the  FlewtfS  efthiUA  keni 
finfe  htmrt'Jhmfed  Pettds^  wtbich  cr- 
pawdi  thi  Emf^temmt  tmfifii  ef ^ 
Lem/esy  wMek  are  ^Kcami  m  tit 
Centn  are  fUctdfv€$^misA,^i' 


C  L 

out  any  Pointal:  the  Female  Tlvwtrs 
have  the  fame  Stru3ure  as  the  Male^ 
hut  have  no  Stamina ;  and  in  the  Cen- 
tre is  placed  the  Pointal^  fupporting  a 
Style f  vuhich  is  divided  at  the  Top  in- 
to two  or  three  Parts,  *which  are  re- 
fiex^d:  the  Pointal  aftervoard  becomes 
a  glchular  Fruity  having  fix  Furrovis  ; 
andis  divided  into  thret  Cells,  each  iu' 
(lofing  a  fingle  Seed, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  QhVTifi  foliis  petiolatis.  Lin, 
Hort,  Cliff,  Mas  ^  Fetmina.  Qa- 
tia  with  Footftalks  to  the  Leaves, 
which  are  Male  and  Female  in  dif- 
ferent Plants. 

2.  Clutia  foliis  feffililus,  Lin, 
Hort,  Cliff.  Mas  &r  Farmina,  Clutia 
with  Leaves  having  no  Footflalks. 

Thcfe  Plants  arc  Natives  of  J/ri- 
ta,  from  whence  they  were  brought 
to  forae  Turious  Gardens  in  Holland, 
and  have  fince  been  communicated 
to  mod  of  the  curious  Gardens  in 
Europe.  The  firft  Sort  with  Female 
Flowers  has  been  long  an  Inhabitant 
of  fome  curious  Garden^  in  England; 
hat  that  with  Male  Flowers  1  have 
lately  received,  with  many  other  rare 
Plants,  from  my  learned  Friend  Dr; 
JohBafler,  F.  R.  S,  oi  Zirkxee  in 
Holland. 

The  fecond  Sort  has  alfo  been 
fome  Years  in  the  Ehglijh  Gardens, 
and  was  ranged  in  the  Genus  of  Ala- 
teraoides,  under  which  Title  it.  has 
been  well  figured  by  \^x,  Commelin 
Ml  the  Hortus  Amfielodamenfis  ;  but 
We  have  not  the  two  Sorts  of  this  in 
England  at  prefent :  as  far  as  I  have 
t>cen  able  to  learn,  that  which  is  in 
the  Englijh  Gardens  is  the  Female. 

Thefe  Plants  are  eafily  propa- 
gated by  Cuttings  durmg  any  of  the 
Summer  -  months.  If  the  Cuttings 
^  planted  in  fmall  Pots,ahd  plunged 
into  a  very  moderate  Hot- bed,  and 
fcaded  from  the  Heat  of  the  Sun  in 

Vol.  I. 


C  L 

the  Middle  of  the  Day,  they  will 
foon  take  Root,  and  (hould  then  be 
inur'd  to  the  open  Air,  otherwi^ 
they  will  draw  np  very  weak :  and 
afterward  thefe  Plants  may  be  each 
pat  into  a  feparate  fmali  Pot,  and 
placed  in  a  (heltered  Situation, where 
they  may  remain  until  the  Middle 
of  OQober,  or  later,  if  the  Weather 
continues  mild,  when  they  ihoold  bto 
removed  into  the  Green-houfe,  and 
placed  where  they  may  have  the  free 
.  Air  in  mild  Weather ;  for  they  only 
require  to  be  protefted  from  FrolV, 
therefore  need  no  Warmth  in  Win- 
ter; but  if  the  Greenhoufe  is  {hot 
up  too  dofe,  or  the  Plants  are  much 
fhaded  by  others,  the  tender  Shoots 
are  fubje(5t  to  grow  mouldy,  which 
deftroys  more  of  thefe  Plants  than 
the  Cold :  in  Summer  they  muiV  be 
placed  abroad,  in  a  (heltered  Sitaa^ 
tion,  with  6ther  hardy  Exotic  Plants.  ^ 

As  thefe  Plants  are  always  green, 
they  make  a  Variety  in  the  Grcen- 
hoofe  during  the  Winter-feafon,  by 
their  different  Leaves  \  but  their 
Flowers  have  no  Beauty. 

CLYMENUM,  Chichling-vetch; 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

The  Stalks,  Fhnuers,  arid  Fruits  of 
this  Plant  are  like  thofe  ofLathyrusi 
hut  the  Leaves  confift  of  many  Conju» 
gations  placed  on  a  Midrib,vjhich  endt 
in  a  Tendrtl, 

The  Species  are  ; 

1.  Clym£num  Hi/panic  urn,  flon 
vario,  filiqua  plana.  Tourn,  Spanijh 
Chichling-vetch,  with  a  variable 
Flower,  and  a  plain  Pod.  » 

2.  Clymenum  Hi f pant  cum,  flort 
vario,  filiqua  articulata,  Tourn.  Spa* 
niflj  Chichling-vetch,  with  a  variable 
Flower,  and  a  jdinted  Pod. 

3.  CLYMtNUM  Bithynicttm,  fili* 
qua  fingulari,  ■  fore  minore.  Jujpeu, 
Bitbynian  ChichUng- vetch,  with  a 
fingle  Pod,  and  fmaller  Flower. 

^  •       •  4.  Cly^ 


C  L 

4.  ClTmemum  TariJIinfe^  fiart 
iarulto.  Tourn.  Cominoa  Chichling- 
vetch,  with  a  blue  Flower. 

5.CLY|yiENUM  Cracufn^  flort  put- 
mn»  fingulari,  T.Cor,  Greek  Chich- 
ling-vetch,  with  a  large  fingle 
Flower. 

The  firHy  fecond,  third,  and  fifth 
Sorts  are  Aanuals,  and  xnufl  be  Town 
every  Year  (as  is  pra£iifed  for  the 
Sweet-pea) :  if  they  are  fown  in  Au- 
gufi^  in  a  warm  Border,  they  will 
Aand  through  the  Winter,  and  flower 
early  in  the  fucceeding  Spring,  by 
which  Method  you  may  be  fure  to 
obtain  good  Seeds  $  whereas  thofe 
whidi  are  fown  in  the  Spring  are 
many  times  deftroyed  by  the  Rains 
in  Autumn  before  their  Seeds  are 
perfeded.  Thefe  Plants  delight  in 
a  dry  Soil,  and  an  open  Situation ; 
/or  if  they  are  overhung  by  Trees, 
fs^r.  they  feldom  come  to  any  Per- 
fection. 

Thofe  Plants  which  were  fown  in 
Autumn,  will  begin  to  flower  in 
May  and  continue  to  produce  new 
Flowers  till  July,  about  which  time 
the  Seeds  of  theiK early  Flowers  will 
be  perfected.  Their  Flowers  are  in 
Shape  like  thofe  of  the  Pea ;  but  be- 
fng  of  variable  Colours,  make  a 
pretty  Variety  in  a  Garden ;  and  if 
^he  Hants  are  fupported  with  Sticks, 
they  'may  be  kept  in  a  fmall  Com- 
pafs.  The  fourth  Sort  hath  a  peren- 
nial Root,  which  multiplies  very  fail, 
ioon  over-running  a  Spot  of  Ground, 
^nd  fhoXild  therefore  be  kept  in  a 
Pot  where  the  Roots  will  be  con- 
fined, and  thereby  the  Plant  caused 
(o  produce  a  greater  Quantity  of 
Flowers  than  it  would  naturally  do, 
if  its  Roots  had  full  Liberty. 
CLYPEOLA,  Treacle-muflard. 

The  Chata8eri  arc; 
TbiMmpaUment  of  the  Flower  cou- 
jifis  of  four  9Vid  ancarje  Legveti 
ike  i'hwer  hath  fiut  Leeevei^  nahich 


C  L 

art  pUeed  in  form  of  a  Crofi :  in 
the  Centre  of  the  Flower  is  Jituatei 
the  Pointalf  attended  by  fix  Stamina, 
t'ujo  of  thefe  being  fhorter  than  the 
reft :  the  Pointal  nfter^ward  hccomej 
a  fiat  ronnd  Fruit  ^Jhaped  like  a  Buck- 
ler^ having  one  or  ttco  Cellj,  in  each 
of<which  are  included  tau  or  t^wo  fiat 
Seeds,    , 

The  Species  are  ; , 

1.  Clypeola  filiculis  unilocula' 
ribtu,  k^  monofpermis,  Lin,  Hort,  Qif, 
The  fmallefl  fpiked  Treacle-muflard, 
whofe  Pods  have  one  Cell,  including 
a  Angle  Seed. 

2.  Clypeola  filiculis  hUocnlari- 
but  tetrafpermis.  Lin,  Hort,  QiJ". 
Treade-muflard,  whofe  Pods  have 
two  Cells,  and  contain  four  Seeds. 

3.  Clypeola  filiculis  unilocala- 
ribus  echinatis,  Eaflern  Trcacle-mu- 
flard,  whofe  i^ods  have  one  Cell,  and 
are  prickly. 

This  Genus  of  Plants  was  named 
Jonthlafpi  by  Fabius  Columna^  and 
the  fame  was  continued  by  Dodor 
^ournefort^  and  other  later  Writers 
on  Botany  before  Dr.  Linnaeus,  who 
has  altered  th^  Name  to  this  of  C/v- 
peola^  the  other  Name  being  a  Com- 
'  pound. 

The  fecond  Sort  was  by  DoAor 
Tournefort  ranged  with  the  Alyflbn 
or  Madwort;  but  agreeing  in  the 
Characters  of  its  Flower  with  the 
firft.  Dr.  LinHaus  has  removed  it  hi- 
ther, though  it  differs  in  the  Frufii- 
fication  from  it. 

All  thefe  are  low  annual  Plants, 
whofe  Branches  trail  on  the  Ground; 
therefore  make  but  little  Figure  in 
ft  Garden  :  thefe  Seeds  may  be  Town 
on  a  Bed  of  common  Earth,  either 
in  the  Spring  or  Autumn  :  thofe 
which  are  fown  in  Autumn  will  grow 
roucli  larger,  and  ripen  their  Seeds 
more  1  urely,  than  the  Spring-plants  j 
and,  if  their  Seeds  are  permitted  to 
fcatter,  the  Plants  will  come  up,  and 

require 


C  N 

require  no  other  Care  bat  to  be  kept 
dear  from  Weeds. 

CNEORUM,  Widow-waU. 
The  ChAraStn  are ; 

^he  Empalement  of  the  Flower  is 
/mall,  and  di'vided  into  three  PartSf 
and  is  permanent :  the  FUnjoer  confifts 
rf  three  oblong  narroRv  Petals ^  *which 
fame  fall  anvay  :  in  the  Centre  is  Jit u- 
ated  the  Pointal^  attended  by  three  Sta- 
xnina,  vfhich  arejborter  than  the  Pe^ 
tals  :  the  Pointal  aftemuard  changes 
to  a  roKn£Jb  dry  Berry ,  having  three 
Cells  ^  each  inclofing  a  Jingle  Seed, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant;  'viz.. 

Cneorum.  Un.  Sort.  Uiff.  The 
Widow-wail. 

'  This  Plant  was  titled  Chamal^a 
tricoccos  by  Cafpar  Bauhin^  and 
others  ;  but  being  a  compound 
Name,  Dr.  Linn^us  has  altered  it  to 
this  of  Cneorum,  which  is  an  old 
Name  that  has  been  applied  to  two 
or  three  different  Plants  by  Matthio' 
hu^  and  others. 

This  was  formerly  preferred  in 
Green-hoafes,  and  thought  too  ten- 
der to  live  in  the  open  Air  in  l^ng- 
landi  but  of  late  Years  People  have 
planted  it  in  the  full  Ground,  where 
it  reiifts  the  Cold  of  our  ordinary 
Winters  very  well,  and  is  feldom  in- 
jured but  by  extreme  hard  Frofts  ; 
nor  do  thefe  kill  the  Plants  which 
grow  upon  dry,  rocky,  or  rubbifh- 
ing  Soils,  where  their  Shoots  are  ge- 
nerally ihort  and  firm ;  but  in  moift 
rich  Ground,  where  the  Shoots  are 
more  luxuriant,  they  are  fometimes 
injuied. 

It  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
ihould  be  fown^n  Aucumn  foon  after 
they  are  ripe,  and  then  the  Plants 
will  come  up  the  following  Spring ; 
Whereas  thofe  which  are  not  fown 
till  the  Spring,  will  remain  a  Year 
in  the  Ground,  and  often  mifcarry : 
thcfe  Seeds  wAy  be  fown  in  a  Bed  of 


C  K 

conimon  Earth,  covering  th^m  half 
an  Inch  deep,  aitd  will  require  no 
other  Care  but  to  keep  the  Plants 
clear  from  Weeds  the  followioe  Sum- 
mer; and  the  Autumn  following  the 
Plants  may  be  tranfphnted  where 
they  are  to  remain,  which  ihould  be 
on  a  dry  Soil,  and  fheltered  Situa« 
tion :  thefe  Plants  never  nfe  above 
two  and  an  half  or  three  Feet  high, 
but  ihoot  out  many  lateral  Branches, 
fo  as  to  form  a  thickBufh :  theLeaVes 
are  long,  narrow,  and  of  a  deep- 
green  Colour,  and  remain  the  whole 
Year ;  which  renders  this  Plant  wor- 
thy of  a  Place  among  other  ever* 
green  Shrubs. 

CNICUS. 

The  CharaSlers  are ; 

It  hath  flofculous  Flo^wers,  emfijl* 
tng  of  many  Florets,  tvhich  are  mml" 
tijid,  andjiand  upon  the  Embryo  :  the 
Eiorets  are  inclosed  in  afcaly  Cup  fur* 
rounded  *with  Leaves, 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  C  N  I  c  x;  s  fylvejlris  hirfutior^ 
five  Cardttus  BenediSus,  C.  B, '  The 

Bleired-thiftle,  <vulgo, 

2.  Cnicus  atraSylis  lufea  di&us. 
H.L,  The  yellow  Diftaff-thillle, 
*vulgo, 

3.  Cnicus  perennis  eaeruleus  Tin-  ^ 
gitanus,    H.  L.     Tangier  perennial 
blue  Diftaff-chiftle. 

4.  Cnicus  Creticus,  atraStylidit 
folio  V  Jacie,  fipre  leucophao,^.Cor, 

Candia  DiftafFihiflle,   with  whitifh 
Flowers. 

5 .  Cn  I  c u  s  Hifpanitus  arhoreus  fce^ 
tidiffimus^  Tourn.  Stinking  SpaniJb 
Tree  DiftafFihiftle. 

6.  Cnicv  s  pratenjts,  acanthi  folio, 
fore  fla<vefcente.     ^oum.     Meadow 

DiflafF-thiftle,  with  a  Bears-breech<« 
leaf,  and  a  yellowifh  Flower. 

7 .  Cnicus  ccerul  us  bumiiis  Men* 
tis  Lupi.  H.  L.  B,  Low  blue  Diftaff* 
thilUe  of  Moi^nt  Lupus. 


Z  z 


S.  Cni< 


C  N 

8.  Cnicvs  txiguus^  cafite  cancel* 
iato,  Jitnine  tQmtntof:  Inft.  Small 
Ciftaff'-thiiUe,  whofe  Head  is  cover- 
ed with  a  netted  Hood,  and  the  Seeds 
are  downy. 

9.  Cnicus  folycepbaloj  canefcenSy 
aculiii  Jla*Vifcentibut  tnunitus,     btfi* 
R.  H.     Many-headed  DifUff'-thiille, . 
armed  with  yellow  Spines. 

The  BleiTed-tbiftle  is  cultivated  in 
Gardens  for  the  Herb,  which  is  dried 
and  preferved  for  medicinal  Ufes  ; 
but  of  late  Years  it  hath  been  in  Icfs 
Ufe  than  formerly  ;  for  which  Rea- 
fon  there  is  but  little  of  it  now  pro- 
pag^t^ ;  though  it  is  by  fome  emi- 
nent Phyficians  held  in  great  Re- 
pute. 

This,  being  an  annual  Plant,  is 
only  raised  by  Seeds,  which  fhould 
be  fown  in  Autumn,  or  very  early  in 
the  Spring:  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  they  (hould  be  either  tranf- 
planted,  or  hoed  out  to  about  nine 
or  ten  Inches  Diilance  from  each 
other,  that  the  Plants  may  have  room 
to  fpread,  obferving  alfo  to  keep 
them  clear  from  Weeds  ;  and  when 
the  Plants  are  in  full  Flower,  they 
ihould  be  cut  off,  and  laid  to  dry  in 
a  ihady  Place ;  and  after  they  are 
thoroughly  dry,  they  may  be  tied 
up  into  Bundles,  and  hung  up  in  a 
dry  Room  upon  Strings  in  Rows,  fo 
that  the  Air  may  pafs  freely  between 
them,  which  will  prevent  their  grow- 
ing mquliiy  or  rotting,  which  they 
are  very  fubjeA  to,  if  laid  too  dofe, 
or  kept  in  a  moiil  Place. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  alfo  ranged  in 
the  Catalogue  of  Simples  ufed  in 
Medicine;. but  at  preient  it  is  whdly 
yejeded:  this  and  the  fourth  Sort 
are  annual  Plants^  which  may  be 
fown  on.  a  Bed  of  common  Earth  in 
the  Spring,  where  -they  are  to  re- 
main; for  they  do  not  bear  tranf- 
planting  well :  the  Plants  ihould  be 
left  a  Foot  and  an  half  afunder,  efpe- 


c  o 

cially  the  fourth ;  for  this  w31  giow 
four  Feet  high,  and  fpread  wide : 
thefe  are  of.  the  Thiftle-kind ;  ib 
are  feldom  preferved  but  by  Bota- 
niils. 

The  third  and  feventh  S<Nts  are 
abiding  Plants,  and  do  not  ramble : 
the  third  commonly  grows  about  two 
Feet  high;  but  the  feventh  feldoa 
rifes  above  fix  or  eight  Inches  :  tbeie 
two  Sorts  feldom  perfect  their  Seeds 
in  Englatuli  fo  are  increafcd  by  part- 
ing their  Roots  every  third  Year  in 
Autumn  :  they  (hould  have  a  diy 
Soil^  and  a  (heltered  Situation. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  alfo  perennial ; 
but  is  a  tall  Plant,  and,*  having  bot 
little  Beauty,  rarely  is  admitted  into 
Gardens  '.this  ripen»  Seeds  very  wdf 
in  England^  which  will  grow  in  al- 
moil  any  Soil  or  Situation. 

The  fifth  Sort  grows  to  theHeight 
of  eight  or  nine  Feet,  and  becomes 
(hrubby :  but  unlefs  diis  is  planted 
in  a  very  dry  rubbifhing  Soil,  and  a 
warm  Situation,  it  will  not  live 
through  the  Winter  in  Engiamd^  nor 
will  it  ripen  Seeds  in  this  Country. 

The  ninth  is  an  annual  Plant, 
which  ufually  grows  about  three 
Feet  high,  and  is  armed  in  a  fingn* 
lar  manner  with  yellow  Spines :  diis 
will  npen  Seeds  the  Autumn  after 
fowing,  and  will  require  little  Cul- 
ture. 

The  eighth  Sort  feldom  rifes  more 
than  fi]( Inches  high :  it  is  an  annual 
Plant,  which  rarely  ripens  Seeds  'n 
England:  there  is  no  other  Beauty 
in  it  than  the  fine  netted  Cover  t0 
the  Heads. 

CO  A.  Wehavenofff^/^Ntme 
for  this  Plant. 

The  CbaraBers  are ; 

//  bath  a  ghahtdar  bell-fintftdflvoh 

#r,  conffting  tfwi§  Lcaf^  from  'Cobcft 

Cup  arifes  a  multifid  Pointal^  fxtd 

like  a  Nail  in  thi  binder  Fart  ^  iU 

.  Flower  I.  nubitb  afierryiHird  bicemf  a 

FtMltt, 


c  o 

frmtf,  cempofii  of  three  memhramewt 
^tti-veffelsy'wbicf)  are  cmnfreffed^hl' 
.nfal*vey  an  J  diwided  into  t*wo  Cells  ^  in 
which  are  eoatained  oblong  wnged 
Sfedi. 

We  have  bat  one  Sfeciet  of  this 
flanc ;  which  is, 

Co  hfcandens^fruBu  trigemino  fuh^ 
ntmde.  Plum.  Climbing  Coa,  with 
a-roondiih  Fruit,  which  opens  into 
three  Parts. 

This  Plant  was  obferv^  by  Fa- 
.ther  Plumier^  in  the  French  Iflands 
in  America  i  and  hath  been  finoe 
foand  in  great  Plenty  in  the  Spanijh 
Secdements  in  America^  particularly 
abottt  Campeety,  from'  whence  the 
Seeds  have  been  (ent  by  Mr.  Robert 
'Millar^  Surgeon,  to  fome  curious 
Perfons  in  this  Country,  who  have 
laifed  feveral  of  the  Plants. 

This  Plant  i^  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  muft  be  obtained  from  the 
Pkoes  where  it  naturally  grows, 
which  fhoold  be  fown  early  in  the 
Spring,  in  fmall  Pocs  filled  with  freih 
light  £arth,  and  plunged  into  an 
Jiot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark:  the  Plants 
will  begin  to  appear  in  fix  Weeks  or 
two  Months  after  fowing. 

When  the  Plants  are  about  two 
Inches  high,  they  (hould  be  carefully 
tnmfplanted  each  into  a  feparate  Pot 
£Ued  with  frefli  light  Earth,  $uid 
pbinged  into  the  Hot-bed  again. 
Duhog  the  Summer  -  feafon  thefe 
Plants  muft  be  frequently  refireflied 
with  Water ;  and  when  thejr  Roots 
have  filled  the  Pots  in  which  they 
were  firft  planted,  they  fliould  be 
ihaken  out  of  them,  and  their  Roots 
pared  round,  and  then  put  into  Pots 
a  little  larger- than  the  former, which 
Jduft  be  filled  with  fre(h  light  rich 
Earth,  and  then  plunged  again  into 
,the  Hot-bed ;  for  thefe  Plants  .will 
not  live  in  the  open  Air  in  thisCoun- 
try  t  fo  that  when  they  are  grown 
too  large  to  remain  under  the  GlaiTes 


CO 

of  the  Hot-bed,  they  Ihonld  be  re- 
moved into  the  Bark-ftove,  where 
they  (hould  be  placed  with  the  ten- 
dered Exotics,  and  treated  with  great 
Care.  This  Plant  commonly  rifea 
to  the  Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet; 
but,  being  a  trailing  Plant,  mud  be 
Supported  by  a  Stake  ;  otherwife  it 
wdl  trail  on  the  neighbouring  Plants 
in  the  Stove,  and  injure  them.  It 
is  ever-green,  and  the  Leaves  being 
of  a  ihining  green  Colour,  it  makes 
a  pretty  Variety  amongft  other  ten- 
der Exotic  Plants. 

<  CO  AST,  MARY.  Vidg  Balfa- 
mita. 

COCCIGRIA.    VUe  Cotinus. 

COCCUS,  The  Cocoa-nut,  or 
Coco-nut. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

There  are  Male  and  Female  Fhrwers 
in  the  fame  Plant:  theft  are  inclnded 
in  one  common  Sheath  or  Cover :  the 
.  Male  Flofwers  are  tSfuided  into  three 
PartSf  having  fix  Stamina  in  iacb  : 
the  Female  Flowers  are  flightlj  cut 
into  three  Parts^  having .  an  oval 
Pointal  fituattd'in  the  Centre^  vjhich 
aflervfard  becomes  a  large  angular 
Nsit  included  in  a  tough  fihroui  Co* 
ver» 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant;  vix. 

Coccus  frondibus  pinnatisyfoliolis 
enfiformsbuSy  petioiis  margine  vilUfis. 
Lin.  Hort.  Cliff,  The  Cocoa-nut- 
tree. 

This  was  formerly  called  Palma 
Indica  coccifera-  angulo/a  \  but  (Jif- 
fering  .in  its  Charaders  from  the 
common  Palm- tree.  Dr.  Linnaeus  has 
conflituted  the  Genus  under  this 
Name  of  Coccus, 

There  are  fome  other  Varieties  of 
this  Tree,  which  are  no  otherwife 
known  than  by  the  Fruit,  which  tfe 
frequently  caft  on  Shore  upon  the 
fcveral  Iflands  of  America^  and  ibroe 
of  them  have  been  driVen  {o  far  as 
^  J  L  eland 


c  o 

Irtlitnd  and  SeotlanJ,  where  tnanf  of 
theNau  haire  been  thrown  up  by  the 
Sea,  which  have  been  uken  up  by 
feveral  curious  Perfons;  but  the  Place 
of  their  Growth  is  not  as  yet  known> 
ib  far  as  I  can  learn. 

The  Cocoa-nut  is  propagated  by 
planting  the  Nuts,  which,  in  fix 
Weeks,  or  two  Months  after,  will 
tome  up,  provided  they  are  fre^, 
find  thoroughly  ripe,  which  is  what 
few  of  them  are  which  are  brought 
to  England  I  for  they  always  gather 
them  before  they  are  ripe,  that  they 
may  keep  during  their  PalTage  :  fo 
that  the  bcft  way  to  bring  thcNuts 
to  England  for  planting,  would  be 
to  take  fuch  of  them  us  are  ful]y 
ripe,  and  ^ut  them  up  in  dry  Sand 
in  a  Tub,  where  the  Vermin  may 
not  come  to  them  ;  and  thefe  will 
often  rprout  in  their  PafTage,  which 
will  be  an  Advantage,  becaufe  then 
they  may  be  immediately  planted  in 
Pots  of  £arth,  and  plunged  into  the 
Bark  bed  r  but  if  the  Nuts  have  not 
fprouted  in  their  Paflage,  the  bell 
Method  to  treat  them  is,  to  take 
pfF  their  outward  Cover  to  the  hard 
^ell,  then  to  bury  them  in  an  Hot- 
bed of  Tanners  fiark,  obferving  to 
lay  them  oaoneSide,  that  the  Moift- 
ure  may  npt  enter  the  Hole  at  the 
End  of  the  Nut  from  whence  the 
Sprout  is  to  come,  left  it  fhould  be 
thereby  rotted :  if  the  Nuts  are  good, 
they  will  begin  tQ  fhoot  in  a  Month's 
time,  when  they  fhpuld  be  taken  up, 
jand  pl^n^ed  in  Pots  filled  with  good 
^arth,  and  plunged  into  the  liot- 
)t>ed  of  Tenners  Bark. 

Th^fe  Plapts  in  the  warmeft  Iflands 
of  America  make  coniiderable  Pro- 
grefs  in  their  Growth;  in  which 
t'laces  there  arc  feme  Trees  of  very 
great  Magnitude:  but  in  Europe  this 
plant  is  of  ^  much  flower  Growth^ 
Uirg  fiiS^y  Y|^^  befpre  it  ftflyaf^ces 


c  o 

to  any  confiderable  Hdgbt ;  but,  as 
the  young  Leaves  of  thefe  Plants  are 
pretty  large,  they  make  a  good  Ap- 
pearance amongft  other  tender  Ex- 
otic Plants,  in  one  or  two  Years 
time;  fo  are  by  fome  Perfons  kept 
in  Stoves  for  Variety;  tho'  we  can 
never  hope  to  fee  their  Fruit  pro- 
duced in  England  I  for  they  60  noc 
bear,  until  die  Trees  are  grown  to  a 
large  Size  ;  and,  as  they  will  not 
live  thro*  the  Winter,  unlefs  they 
are  preferved  in  the  warmeft  Stoves, 
thefe  are  not  high  enough  to  contain 
the  Plants  when  grown  to  a  Size  for 
fruiting. 

The  Cocoa-nut  is  cultivated  in 
moft  of  the  inhabited  Parts  of  the 
Eaft  and  IFe/i- India  ;  but  it  is  fup* 
pofed  a  Native  of  the  MaUsves^ 
and  the  defert  Iflands  in  the  Eafi^ 
Indies :  from  whence  it  is  fuppoied 
it  hath  been  tranfported  to  all  the 
warm  Parts  of  Americai  for  it  is  not 
found  in  any  of  the  inland  Parts,  nor 
any-where  far  diftant  from  Settle- 
ments. It  is  one  of  the  moft  uiefnl 
Trees  to  the  Inhabitants  tR  America^ 
who  have  many  of  theit  common 
NeceHaries  of  Life  from  it.  The 
Bark  of  the  Nat  is  made  into  Cord- 
age, the  Shell  of  it  into  Drinking- 
bowls ;  the  Kernel  of  the  Nut  af- 
fords them  a  wholfome  Food,  and 
the  Milk  contained  in  the  Shell  a 
cooling  Liquor.  The  Leaves  of 
the  Trees  are  ufed  for  thatching  their 
Houfes,  and  are  alfo  wrought  into 
Bafkets,  and  moft  otherThings  which 
are  made  o^  Ofiers  in  Europe, 

COCHLEARIA,  Spoonwort,  or 
Scurvy*  grais. 

The  Cbaraffers  ztt ; 

The  FlG*u;rr  cwfifii  of  four  Lea^^ 

wuhtch  aredi/pofidinform  faCrefsi 

from  the  Eloper-cup  esrifet  theFotntaf^ 

Kuchich   heeones    em  etlm^ft  glebttUar 

Irftit^  ^ifii^fd  int^  l*wo  Cells  by  e^ 


CO  CO 

ttittrme£au  Partition^  to  tnbUh  ihi  therefore  the  beft  time  ii  foon  after 

Vahes  adhen  oil  both  Stdis^  and  art  they  are  ripe:  the  Plants  rarely  live 

fkniflf^dnmthmany  round  Seeds.  after  producing  Seeds;   fo  that  ic 

The  Species  are ;  flioald  be  fown  every  Year,  to  have 

1.  CocMLEARiA  fiUo  fiArotundo.  it  for  Ufe. 

C.  B.    Scurvy -grafs  with  a  roondiih  The  Sea  Scorvy-grafs  is  sdfo  nfe4 

Leaf,  or  common  Scurvy-grafs.  in  Medicine ;    hot  this  grows  in  the 

2.  CocJihE  AKi  A /o/ioJinMetto,  C.  B.  fait  Marfhes  in  Kent  and  Efiex^  where 
Scurvy-grafs  with  a  fmuated  Leafy  or  the  fait  Water  overflows  it  almoft 
Sea  Scurvy-grafs,  vulfi.  every  Tide ;  and  can  rarely  be  made 

3.  CocHLBARiA  mtmmay  ex  men"  to. grow  in  a  Garden,  or  at  leaft  to 
tibus  WallU,  Sher\  Boerb.  Ind,  The  laft  longer  there  than  one  Year ;  bat 
Icaft  Scurvy-graft,  from  the  Weijb  it  being  eafily  gathered  in  the  Places. 
Mountains.  before  -  mentiou'd,  the  Markets  are 

4.  CocHLBARtA  folio  cmbitali:  fupplyM  from  thence  by  the  Herb-* 
ftwm,    Horfe-radifh,  ^ulgo.  woomu,  who  make  it  their  Bufinefs 

5.  Cochlear  I A  Amorica,  H.  R.  to  gather  this  Herb. 

Var/    Ivytlcav'd  Scurvy-grafs.  The  little  Welfif  Scurvy-grafs  is 

6.  CocHLEARiA  Dsuttcn  frocum*  a  biennial  Plant,  and  may  be  pre-- 
hens,  Mor.  Hifi.  DmdjSb  trailing  ierved  in  a  Garden,  if  planted  in  a 
Sconry-grafs.                                 '  ffarong  Soil,  and  a  (hady  Situation.' 

7.  Cochlear  I A  MltiJjRma^  g^fli  This  is  preferved  in  curious  Gardens 
fiiio,   Infi.  R.  H.     Taileft-  Scurvy «  of  Plants  ;  but  is  not  of  any  Ufe  iii> 
grafs,  with  a  Leaf  of  Woud.  Metficine;   though  it  is  by  far  the 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  pro-  warmeft  and  moft  pungent  of  all  the 

pagated  in  hardens  for  medicinal  Sorts.    This  Plant  grows  plentifully  > 

Ufes :    this  is  done  by  fowing  the  ia   Mufco^rfy    as    alfo    in    Da'vis^e 

Seeds  in  Jnfy^   foon  after  they  are  Streigbts. 

fipe,   in  a   moift    (hady   Spot  of  The  fifth  Sort  is  fbmetimes  found 

Ground;  and  when  the  Plants  are  wild  in  £/r^A»i^.*  this  Sort  is  a  low 

come  op,  they  fhoold  be  thinned,  annual  Plant,  which  if  permitted  to 

fb  as  to  be  left  at  about  four  Inches  fcatter  its  Seeds,    the  Plants  will 

Diltance  each  Way.     The  Plants  come  up,  and  require  no  other  Care 

that  are  taken  out  may  be  tranf-  but  to  clear  them  from  Weeds* 

pboted  into  other  fhady  Borders,  if  The  feventh  Sort  is  a  biennial 

yoa  have  Occaiion 'for  them;  other-  Plant,  which  ufually  grows  about 

wife  they  may  be  hoed  out,  as  is  a  Foot  and  an  half  high.   This  may 

praflifed  for  Onions,  Carrots,  ^r. ;  be  propagated  by  Seeds,  as  the  com« 

and  at  the  fame  time  all  the  Weeds  mon  Sort;  and;  if  fbwn  in  Autumn, 

nay  be  hoed  down,  fo  as  to  clear  will  more  certainly  fucceed  than  in 

die  Plants  intirely  from  them,  that  the  Spring. 

they  may  have  room  to  grow  Itrong.  The  Uorfe-radi(h  is  propagated  * 

In  the  Spring  thefe  Plants  will  be  by  Cuttings  or  Buds  from  the  Sides* 

ftt4W  Ufe  ;  and  thofe  that  are  fuf-  of  the  old  Roots.     The  bell  Seafon 

fered  to  remain  will  run  up  to  Seed  for  this  Work  is  in  0^9ber  or  Ft" 

m  May,  and  perfeA  their  Seeds  in  bmarf ;   the  former  for  dry  Lands, 

Juiy,  and  the  latter  fbrraoift.     Theman- 

If  this  Plant  is   fewn'  in    the.  nerof  doing  it  is  as  follows:   Pro-* 

Spring,  the  Seeds  feldom  grow  wdl ;  vide  yourfelf  with  a  good  Quantity 

Z4  oi 


CO 

ttf  Off-feti,  which  fhottid  bave  a 
Bad  Qpon  their  Crowns;  bat  it  iiiat- 
ters  not  bow  ihort  they  are :  there* 
fore  the  Upper-part  of  the  Roots 
which  are  taken  up  for  Ufe,  fhould 
be  cut  ofF' about  two  Inches  long 
with  the  Bud  to  it,  which  is  efleemed 
the  beft  for  planting.  Then  make 
ft  Trench  ten  Inches  deep,  in  which 
you  fliaiild  place  the  OfF  lets  at  about* 
four  or  £ve  Inches  Diilance  each 
Way»  with  the  Bud  upward,  cover- 
ing them  up  with  the  Mould  that 
was  taken  out  of  tfkt  Trench :  then- 
proceed  to  a  fecond  Trench  in  like 
manner,  and  continue  the  fame  uacii 
the  whole  Spot  of  Gfound  is  planted. 
After  this,  level  the  Surface  of  the 
Ground  even,  obferving  to  keep  it 
dear  from  Weeds,  untU  the  Plants 
are  fo  &r  advanced,  as  to  be  ftrong 
enough  to  overbear  and  keep  them 
down.  With  this  Management,  the^ 
Roots  of  the  Horfe-radifh  will  be' 
long  and  ftrait,  and  free  from  {mall 
hteral  Roots ;  and  the  fecond  Year 
after  planting  will  be  fit  for  Ufe. 
*Tis  true,  they  may  be  taken  up 
the  firftYeari  but  then  the  Roots 
will  be  but  flender ;  therefore  it  is 
the  better  way  to  let  them  remaini 
until  the  fecond  Year.  The  Groond 
in  which  this  is  planted  ought  to  be 
▼ery  rich,  otherwife  the  Roots  will 
lAake  but  finall  Progrefs. 

.  CODLIN-TREE.    rUi  Mains. 
COf  PEE-TREE.     ^/^  Jafmi- 
num. 

,  COIX,  Job's-tcars. 

The  Cbara£!tn  are ; . 

It  bath  Male  and  Femah  Elanvers 

0if  the  fame  Plant:  tht  MaJelFhnjoers 

OTf  produced  in  a  loefi  Spikt^    each 

Sfing  inch/id  in  a  tvoo-lea*v'd  Hujk^ 

^uhicb  is  prickly:    tbtft  hofvi  tbree 

Jlfndtr    Stamina,  Supporting    oblong 

four^€ornerfd  Snmmiti:    tbe  Ftmale 

Flotoeri  are  generally  frodnced  at  tbe 

fettpm  of  tbe  Spike  of  Male  Flowers  t 


c  o 

ihefe'  bavt  a  tine-leav^d  pricbfy  G*- 
vtring  i  and  in  tbe  Centre  it  jit  noted 
tbe  FointaU  njubicb  afteviord  becemei 
one  naked  bard  Seed, 
The  Species  9ixe; 

1.  Co  IS  fetninibtu  e/vatis.  Liw, 
Hort.  Cliff.    Common  Job^s-tean. 

2.  Coix  latiore folio,  Broad-leav'd 
Job's-tears. 

3.  Co  IX  altij^nutf  culmo  ramofo^ 
Talleft  JobVtears,  with  a  branching 
Stalk. 

Thefe  are  Sorts  of  Grain  which 
are  cultivated  in  fome  of  the  hot 
Cbuntries  \  but  •  are  rarely  eaten, 
except  in  great  Scarcity  of  other 
Com  i  wheft  the  poorer  Sort  of 
People  make  a  coarfe  Sort  of  Bread 
with  the  Flour  of  this.  In  Portngal^ 
and  ibme  other  Roman  Catholic 
Countries,  the  firft  Sort  is  cultivated 
for  the  Seeds'^  which  they  ftriag, 
and  uiib  as  Beads  :  thefe  i>eeds  are 
oblong,  iinooth,  hard,  and  of  aa 
Aih  -  colour,  fomewhat  refembling 
the  Seeds  of  Gromwel  s  but  are  &fi 
times  larger. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are 
Natives  of  the  Levant^  from  whence 
the  Seeds  have  been  brought ;  bot 
the  third  Sort  grows  in  tbe  warm 
Parts  of  America  :  this  will  live  two 
Years ;  but  the  other  are  both  an* 
nual  Plants. 

Thefe  are  feldom  propagated  m 
England^  the  Seafons  here  being  g^ 
nerally  too  cold  to  ripen  the  Seeds : 
therefore  whoever  has  an  Inclination 
to  have  thefe  Plants,  muft  fow  the 
Seeds  early  in  the  Spring,  upon  a 
gentle  Hot-bed;  and  in  May  the 
Plants  fhould  be  tranfplanted  into  a 
warm  Border :  where,  if  the  $eafoa 
proves  f^voiirabLSy  they  will  petied 
their  Seeds. 

The  third  Sort  will  grow  to  the 
Height  of  feven  or  eight  Feet ;  aod 
the  Sceihs  become  hard*  like  the  Reed 
orivi^VurCorn:  thefe  bfftAcb  out,  aD4 

"  produff 


C  Q 

ttodace  fevenl  Spikes  of  Flowiera! 
bat  this  Sort  wiil  not  live  in  the 
open  Air  in  England^  therefore  fliould 
be  placed  in  the  Bark-ftove ;  where 
it  will  live  thro'  the  Winter,  and 
produce  ripe  Seeds  the  fecond  Year ; 
and  may  be  continued  longer^  if 
ddired. 

COLCHICUM,  Meadow- 
laffron. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  bath  a  Flonver  amfifiing  of  one 
Lioff  which  is  Jhaped  like  a  Crocus^ 
rifi^from  thiRoot  inform  of  afmall 
7uig,  and  is  wdened  gradually  into 
fa  Sigments  :  tht  Pointal  rifes  from 
the  Bottom  of  tbi  Flower ^  ending  in 
Jmall  Threadsy  andtgrns  to  an  oblong 
triangular  Fruit,  divided  into  three 
Cellj^  quhich  are  full  of  roundifb 
Seeds :  it  hath  alfo  a  folid  bulbous 
Root^  twbich^  is  cover  d  <witb  a  met^' 
brauoui  Skin, 

The  Species  are; 

1.  CoLCHicuM  commune.  C,  S» 
Common  Meadow-faiFron. 

2.  Co  Lc  HI  CUM  Anglicum  album. 
Pari.  Engiijh  white  Meadow^faf- 
firon. 

3.  CoLCHicvM  pleno  flore^  C.  B, 
The  double-Eowered  Meadowfaf- 
fron. 

4.  CotQHtcv  u  Jloribusfritillariig 
i»ftar  teffellatis,  foliis  plants.  M.  H. 
Meadow-faiFron  with  Flowers  chc^ 
qncr*d  like  thofe  of  the  Fritillaria, 
and  fmooth  Leaves. 

5*  Co LCHi cu  M  Cbionenfe^  fierihus 
ffitiUariee  infiar  tejjellatis,  foliis  sin- 
didatis,  ill.  H,  Meadow-fa^ron  with 
chcquer'd  Flowers,  and  wav'dLcavcs, 
commonly  calPd,  Colcbicum  Ohio. 

6.  CoLCHICVM  latifolium  vari" 
n^tum.  C.B.  Broad  ftrip'd-leav'd 
Mcadow-fafFron. 

7.  Co  LCHI  CUM  vemum  ffijpani' 
fMm.  C,B.    Spring-flowering  Mea- 

WW'fafton. 


C  Q 

8.  CoLCHicuM  caudidufu  tuuttif 
rum.    C  B.    Many-flower*d  wktte 
Meadow-faffron. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  found 
in  moift  Meadows  in  feveral  Parts 
of  £^Aiff^,  particularly  in  Warwick* 
fhire.  The  fecond  is  a  Variety  of 
tlie  firfty  from  which  it  only  differs 
in  the  Coloar  of  the  Flower.  The 
third  Sort  alfo  originally  came  from, 
the  firft  I  but  is  preferv'd  in  Gar- 
denSy  for  the  Dbublenefs  of  its  Flow- 
ers. The  fourth  Sort^is  a  Stranger 
to  our  Ifland,  and  is  fupposM  to  have 
been  brought  firom  the  Levant,  with 
the  fifth  Sort;  which  differs  from 
the  fourth,  in  having  the  greea 
Leaves  very  much  waved  on  ^'^ 
Edges.  The  Root  of  one  of  thefe 
two  Species  is  thought  to  be  the  Her* 
^odaayl  of  the  Shops.  The  feventh 
Sort  hath  fine  broad  variegated  greea 
Leaves,  for  which  it  is  greatly 
eileem'd.  The  eighth  Sort  is  valu- 
'able  for  producing  its  Flowers  early 
in  the  Spring.  This  is  by  Dr.  Idn* 
naus  placed  with  BulbocoMum. 

Thefe  are  all  very  pretty  Varieties 
for  a  Flower-garden,  moft  of  them 
producing  theur  Flowers  in  Autumn, 
when  few  other  Phnts  are  in  Beauty, 
The  Flowen  come  up,  and  are 
blown,  fome  time  before  the  greea 
Leaves  appear  ;  and  are  therefore^ 
by  fome,  called  Naked  Ladies.  Th# 
green  Leaves  come  up  in  Winter^ 
and  in  Spring  are  extended  to  a  grea^ 
Length  :  in  May  the  green  Leaves 
begin  to  decay ;  foon  after  which 
time,  is  the  proper  Seafon  to  tranf* 
plant  their  Roots ;  for  if  they  are 
fuffered  to  remain  in  the  Ground  tiS 
-^"g^fit  ^cy  vvill  fend  forth  fre& 
Fibres  ;  after  which  time  it  wHl  be 
too  late  to  remove  them.  The  Roots 
may  be  kept  above-ground  until 
the  Middle  of  Augufti  at  which 
time,  if  they  are  not  planted,  they 

will 


CO  CO 

infl  prod  ace  their  Flowers  as  they  Pbuits.  Thefe  Flowers  are' tQbuloos, 
lie  out  of  the  Ground :  but  this  will  and  of  an  irregular  Figure^  being 
g^eat}/  weaken  their  Roots.  The  cut  into  five  unequal  Segments  at 
manner  of  planting  their  Roots  be-  the  Top ;  they  are  of  a  yellow  Co- 
iDg  the  fame«as  Tulips,  Csfr.  I  ihall  lour,  inclining  to  red  toward  thdr 
forbear  mentioning  it  here,  referring  Upper-parts. 
tlie  Reader  to  that  Article :  and  alfo  This  Plant  requires  a  Stove  io 
fer  rowing  the  Seeds,  by  which  means  Winter,  otherwife  it  cannot  be  pre* 
new  Varieties  may  be  obtained,  I  ferved  in  this  Country ;  but  a  mo- 
Ihallrefer  to  the  Article  of  A!/^^iVas  derate  Warmth  will  agree  better 
where  will  be  proper  Diredions  for  with  it,  than  if  it  is  placed  in  a 
this  Work.  greater  Heat.    The  Soil  muft  be 

CO  LE  WO  R  TS.    Fide  Braf-    light  and  ikndy,  otherwife  it  will  not 
fica.  thrive.     It  is  propagated  by  laying 

COLETTA  VEETLA.  down  of  the  tender  Branches,  which, 

This  Plant  was  firft  titled,  by  if  duly  watered,  will  take  Root  in 
Dr,  Liftn^^Sy  Prionitis,  in  the  Ca-  one  Year,  when  they  may  be  fepa- 
talogue  of  Mr.  Clifford*^  Garden  ;  rated  from  the  old  Plants,  and  each 
fittce  which,  it  has  been  removed  to  put  into  a  feparate  Pot.  The  beft 
Father  Flumitr^  Genus  of  Barleria ;  time  for  performing  this  Work  is  in 
but  as  it  is  yet  uncertain  whether  the  Aprils  juft  before  the  Plants  begin 
Characters  of  this  Plant  will  agree  to  fhoot ;  which  is  alfo  the  proper 
with  thofe  which  Piumer  has  en-  Seafon  for  lay  ing  down  the  Branches, 
graven  to  thcB^frlerga,  I  have  chofen  COLOCASIA.  Fide  Arum. 
to  continue  the  Name  to  this  Plant,  COLLINSONIA. 
which  is  fixed  to  it  in  the  Horttts  Ma^  The  CbaraBirs  are ; 

laharicus^  where  it  is  well  figured  //  bath  a  labiattd  fhwtr  tf  mtt 
and  defcribed ;  and  it  is  from  this  Leaf^  halving  a  cylindrical  Tube, 
Figure,  and  the  Defcnption,  that  ijuhicb  is  not  equal  at  tbe  Brim,  ivbere 
Dr.  Umaus  has  drawn  the  Cha-  it  is  cnt  into  four  Parts,  tbe  middle 
ni£ters ;  for  I  have  not  heard,  that  Segment  being  cat,  into  mawf  fmedl 
any  of  the  Plants  have  produced  baity  Segments,  wbicb  are  ftretcb*d 
Flowers  in  Europe.  eut  beyond  tbe  Tube :    in  tbe  Middle 

In  the  native  Places  of  its  Growth,    of  tbe  Flower  are  fihtated  two  long 
which  is  on  the  Coaft  of  Malabar,    Suminz,  *wbicb  are  ereff :  tbePointal, 
it  feldom  riles  more  than  four  or    ^vbicb  is  ftuated  in  tbe  Empalement, 
five  Feel  high  :  the  Stems  are  hard,  fupports  a  long  Stylus,  njohicb  is  broad 
but  not  lignous  ;  more  like  thofe  of    and  inclined:   ivben  tbe  Flower  is 
the  Butchers-broom,  than  any  other    paf,  tbere  appear  tbe  Fudiments  of 
Flant.  The  lateral  Branches  are  pro-  four  Seeds,  but  feldom  above  two  of 
duced  by  Pairs  oppofite,   and  the    fbem  are  petfe&. 
Leaves  come  out  in  the  fame  Order.        This  Plant  was  <b  named  by  Dr. 
At  the  Wings  of  the  Leaves  are  pro-    Dillenius^  who  was  ProfefTor  of  Bo> 
duced  long  Spines,  at  fome  Places,    tany  at  Oxford,  in  Honour  to  Mr. 
1>y  Pairs  oppoftte;    and  at  others,    Peter  Colli nfon,  F.  R.  S.    wbo  ifl- 
there  are  four  (landing  in  form  of  a    troduced  this  Plant,   among  many 
Crofs.     The  Flowers  *  arc  alfo  pro-    others,  from  Nortb- America.    We 
daced  from  the  Wings  of  the  Leaves,    have  no  Englifh  Name  for  this  Plant, 
jifter  the  m^D|ier  of  the  verticillate    and  at  prefent  but  one  Species  i  viz. 

Coi- 


CO  Co 

CoLLiNsoNiA  fillis  cordaiis  9p*  cometosiiyMatarhywitbtiSt  Ifhall 

ftJUis,      Coninfonia    with     heart-  pals  them  over,  with  only  obfervuigy 

Ihaped  Leaves  growing  oppofite.  that  whoever  hath  a  mind  to  cttjti- 

This  Plant  was  brought  from  Ma-  vate  any  of  thefe  Plants,  moil  foir 

tryiand,  where  it  grows  wild  3  as  it  them  upon  an  Hot-bed,  and  manage    / 

alfo  doiss  in  fome  other  Parts  of  them  as  is  direded  for  raifing  early 

America^  by  ^e  Sides  of  Ditches,  Cucumbers;   to  which  I  ihall  refer 

and  in  low  moift  Grounds,  where  the  Reader, 
it  ofoaUy  rif&i  to  the  Height  of  four        COLUMBINE.    Vidt  Aqui- 

or  five  Feet ;  but  in  England  it  fel-  legia. 

dom  grows  above  three  Feet  high ;        COLUMNEA.    This  Plant  hatk 

imd  unlefs  it  is  planted  in  a  moift  no  Englijh  Name, 
warm  Situation,  or  in  dry  Weather  The  Charaffers  are; 

is  duly  watered,   it  rarely  flowers        li  bath  a  perfinated  Fhwer  of  om 

well ;  therefore  many  People  keep  Leaf  whofe  Ufper'lip  is  forhtd  and 

the  Pbittts  in  large  Pots,    for  the  bollvw :  tbi  Vnder4tf  is  di*vided  int9  ^ 

more  convenient   watering  them :  tbret  Parts :  from  sbe  Empaltnuni 

hut   tfaeie  Plants   feldom    produce  arifes  tbi  Point al^  nvbicb  afterward 

good  Seeds ;    whereas  thofe  which  turns  to  a  fofi  globular  Berry ^  divided 

are  planted  in  the  full  Ground,  and  into  tnvo  Cells,  wbicb  are  full  of 

are  conftantly  watered,  will  ripen  f mall  Seeds, 
Seeds  very  well  in  good  Seafons.  The  Sfeein  are; 

This  Plant  may  be  eafily  propa-  i.  Columns  a  /candens,  pbaeniei$ 
gated  by  parting  the  Roots  in  fore,  fruSu  albo.  Plum.  Nov,  Geiu 
OGober,  Thefe  Roots  (hould  be  Climbing  Columnea,  with  a  fcarleC 
planted  at  three  Feet  Diftanc^ ;  for  Flower,  and  a  white  Fruit, 
tbdr  Roots  require  mochNouHih*  a.  Columnea  fcandentyflore  Im^ 
mcnt,  otherwife  they  will  not  thrive,  tefcenteyfru^u  alho.  Plum.  Nov.  Gesu 
This  Plant  will  live  in  the  open  Climbing  Columnea,  with  a  yellow- 
Ground,  if  it  is  planted  in  a  (heltered  ifh  Flower,  and  a  white  Fruit. 
Sitaation.  Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the 

COLOCYNTHIS,  Coloquintida,  warmeft  Parts  of  America ;  fo  a» 

or  Bitter- gourd.  too  tender  to  live  in  England^  unle^ 

The  CbaraBers  are  \  they  are  prefcrvcd  in    the  Stove. 

//  is  in  all  reJpeSs  like  tbe  Gourd,  They    are    propagated   by    Seeds^ 

txcepting  tbe  Leanfts  of  this  Plant  which  muft  be  fown  in  a  good  Hot« 

being  detply  jagged,  ,ond  tbe  Fruit  be-  bed ;  and  when  the  Plants  come  up, 

i^  exceffively  bitter,  and  not  eatable,  they  muft  be  treated  in  the  fame  way 

The  Species  are$  as  other  tender  Exotic  Plants,  which 

1.  CoLocif  NTHis  fruSu  rotwido,  are  kept  in  the  Bark-flove. 

rn^or,  C.  B,    The  greater  Coloqnin-        They  may  ^fo  be  propagated  by 

w,  with  a  round  Fruit.  layitig  down  their   tender  Shoots; 

2.  CoLOCYNTHis  fruQu  aurantio  which,  if  duly  watered,  will  take 
Jimilj,  Tount.  Coloquintida  with  a  Root  in  about  three  Months ;  when 
Fruit  rcfembling  an  Orange.  they  may  be  cut  off  from  the  old 

There  are  feveral;  other  Varieties  Plants,   and  planted  into  feparat^" 

of  this  Plant,  which  are  very  com-  Pots,  and  afterward  treated  in  the 

mon  in  divers  Parts  of  the  Eaf  and  fame  iQanner  as  the  Seedling-plants. 
ff'fjrjndiis  *f  but  as  few  of  them 

^  COLUTEA, 


C  0 

:  CQLUTEA»  Bladder  fcaa. 
The  ChmraRtrs  are  \ 

It  lath  a  papiUonacufus^  or  Bui- 
Urfy  F lower f  .nvbicb  is  fuccuded  hy 
fids^fominvbat  reftmhltng  tbt  inflated 
$iadd*ri  rfFiJhis ;  iMtubicb  are  em- 
tehidjeveral  Iddnej-JbafU  Seidt. 
The  Sfeeies  are; 

l.CoLVTBA  tfeficaria.  C,  B. 
Bladder-fena. 

2.  CoLVTBA  yeficariaf  'Difitulit 
TtAentibut.  7.  B'  Bladder-iena  with 
tediihcolour^d  Pods. 

J.  Co  LUTE  A  Orietaalis^flwrt  fan- 

fmiui  loJarij,  lutea  macula  notato. 
^oum.  Cor.  Eaftem  Bladder-fbna, 
with  blood'Colour*d  Flowers  ijpotted 
with  Yellow. 

4.  CoLUTSA  ^tbiofUa^florephat* 
mUiOf  folio  Barba-Jovis.  Brgj^n.  Cent, 
Ethiopian  Bladder-fena,  with  fcarlet 
Flowers,  and  Leaves  like  theSilver- 
bnih. 

{.    CoLUTBA     Africana    anmaj^ 

'    filiis  pamns  mucroMotis,  'veflcuUs  cotn^ 

prejfis.  Hort,  Jmfl.    J/rican  SLoami 

Bladder-fena,  with  (inaU  pointed 

Leaves*  and  compreiied  Pods. 

6.  CohVT^ A /oliolis  ovatit,  eaulo 
mrh&reo.  Bladder  •>  fena  with  oval 
Xieaves,  and  a  woody  Stem. 

The  two  fir£k  Sorts  are.promif- 
Cttoufly  fold  hy  the  Gardeners  near 
Londanf  amongft  other  flowering 
Shrubs,  and  axe  feldoia  diiEDgaifiied 
))ut  by  Botanifts. 

Thefe  are  propagated  by  fowin^ 
thdr  Seeds  any  time  in  the  Spring, 
in  a  Bed  of  common  Earth;  and 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
Sttft  be  kept  clear  from  Weeds; 
aind  the  Michaelmas  following,  th^ 
ihould  be  tranfplanted  ei^er  into 
Kiyrfery-rows,  or  in  the  Places  where 
they  are  defigned  to  remain :  for  if 
they  are  let  grow  in  the  Seed-bed 
tgo  long,  they  are  very  fubjedl  to 
have  downright  Taproots,  ^which 
renders  them  unfit  for  Tranfplant- 


c  o 

ation:  nor  Ihould  thefe  Trees  be 
fufFered  to  remain  too  long  in  the 
Nurfery  before  they  are  tranfplanted, 
for  the  iame  Reafon. 

Thefe  Shrubs  grow  to  the  Height 
of  ten  or  fifteen  Feet,  a^id  are  very 
proper  to  intermix  with  Trees  of  a 
middling  Growth  in  Wildernefe- 
quarters,  or  in  Clumps  of  flowering 
Trees,  where  the  Qddneis  of  their 
Flowers  and  Pods  will  make  a  pretqr 
Variety,  efpecially  as  thefe  Trees 
continue  a  long  time  in  Flower; 
for  they  nfuaUy  begin  flowering  by 
the  End  of  Maj ;  .and  from  that 
tiii^e,  to  Septombor,  they  ar^  feldcoi 
de^itute  of  Flowers. 

ThefeTrees  make  great  Shoots  aji' 
nually,  which  ar^  frequently  broken 
dowo  by  flrong  Win5ls  in  Summer; 
fo  that  if  they  are  not  fheltercd  by 
other  Trees,  their  Branches  fhoold 
be  fupported;  otherwife  thqr  will 
be  broken,  and  fplit  off,  wherc^ 
the  Trees  will  .b^  rendered  ui* 
*ghtly. 

The  third  Sort  was  difcovered  by 
.Dr-  ^ownsefort  in  the  Lofjettet ;  froa 
whence  he  fent  the  Seeds  to  the 
.K9y4l  Gardens  at  Paris^  and  the 
Seeds  have  fioce  been  communicated 
to  the  Gardes  in  feveral  Parts  of 
Europe ;  and  in  E/fglsutd  are  now  be- 
come common  in  feveral  Nurfenes 
near  Lonsfpst,  . 

This  Sort  do^  not  grow  qaite 
fo  tall  as  the  common ;  but  maka 
a  more  regular  Shrub  than  that. 
The  Flowers  of  this  Sort  are  of  a 
duflty-red  Colour,  fpotted  with  Yel- 
low ;  ^o  it  makes  a  very  pretty  Va- 
riety, and  is  as  hardy  as  the  com- 
mon Sort ;  therefore  may  be  pn> 
j>i^ted  by  Seeds  in  the  fame  nanr 
ncr. 

The  fourth  Sort  js  tenders  fo 
will  not  live  thro*  the  Winters,  whta 
they  are  fevere,  in  the  open  Air  ia 
$agla94i   but  in  mild  Winters,  if 

tb7 


c  o 

dtffare  planted  tn  a  dry  Soil,  and 
a  warm  Situation,  they  will  thrive 
▼eiy  well ;  and  thofe  Plants  which 
live  abroad,  will  flower  much  flrotig- 
er,  and  make  a  finer  Appearance, 
Ihan  thofe  which  are  preferved  in  the 
Green-houfe;  for  thefe  Plants  re- 
qairea  large  Share  of  Air,  otherwife 
they  arc  apt  to  draw  up  weak ;  fo 
feldom  produce  their  Flowers  in 
plenty:  therefore  when  any  of  the 
Plants  are  fheltered  in  Winter,  they 
mufi  be  placed  as  near  the  Windows 
as  poffible,  that  they  may  have  all 
the  Advantages  of  Air;  and  in  the 
Spring  they  muft  be  hardened  to 
bear  the  open  Air  as  foon  as  poili- 
Ue. 

This  Sort  is  propagated  by  Seeds 
as  the  former :  if  the  Seeds  are  fown 
early  in  the  Spring,  upon  a  warm 
Border  of  light  Earth,  the  Plants 
will  flower  in-  Augufi ;  and  if  the 
Autumn  prove  favourable,  they  will 
ripen  their  Seeds  very  well :  but 
there  are  fome  Perfons  who  fow  the 
Seeds  upon  4  moderate  Hot-bed  in 
the  Spring,  whereby  they  bring  the 
Plants  {o  forward  as  to  flower  in 
^if/r,  fo  that  the  Seeds  are  always 
pcrfefted  from  thefe  Plants :  when 
thefe  Plants  are  tranfplanted,  it 
fliottld  always  be  done  while  they 
are  young ;  for  they  do  not  bear  re- 
moving well  when  they  are  large. 
This  Sort  will  fometimes  live  in  the 
open  Air  for  three  or  four  Years, 
when  they  (land  in  a  well-fheltered 
Situation;  and  thefe  will  grow  to 
have  large  Heads,  and  make  a  very 
fine  Appearance  when  they  are  in 
Flower ;  they  will  alfo  continue 
much  longer  in  Beauty  than  thofe 
Plants  which  are  treated  more  ten- 
derly. 

The  Rhh  Sort  is  a  low  annual 
Plant,  which  feldom  grows  more 
than  a  Foot  and  an  half  in  Height : 
the  Flowers  being  fmally  and  jiving 


c  o 

little  Beauty,  it  is  feldom  preferved 
but  in  Botanic  Gardens :  the  Seedt 
of  this  Sort  muft  be  fown  upon  a 
moderate  Hot-b^  in  the  Spring; 
and  the  Plants  muft  be  planted  into 
fmall  Pots,  and  brought  forward  mm 
another  Hot-bed  :  in  Ju/y  they  will 
flower,  when  they  may  be  expofed 
in  the  open  Air,  in  a  warm  Sicna- 
tion,  where  the  Seeds  will  ripen  m 
Septembtr^  and  the  Plants  will  fooa 
after  decay. 

The  fixth  Sort  was  brought  into 
Englandhy  the  Rev.  Dr.  PttcocA  fiom 
the  I^attt :  this  Sort  is  very  much 
like  the  firft,  in  its  outward  Appear^ 
ance,  but  never  grows  fo  tall:  ikm 
fends  forth  Suckers  in  plenty  from 
the  Root :  the  fmall  Leaves  of  thia 
Sort  are  oblong,  and  much  fmaller 
than  thofe  of  the  firft;  and  each 
Leaf  has  a  greater  Number  of  thefe 
Pinn<r  placed  along  the  Midrib :  the 
Flowers  are  like  thofe  of  the  firfl^ 
but  are  feldom  more  in  Number 
than  three  upon  each  Footftalk, 
This  Sort  begins  flowering  almofta 
Month  before  the  firft,  and  conti- 
nues longer  in  the  Autumn;  which 
renders  it  more  valuable,  efpecially 
as  it  is  equally  hardy,  and  may  be 
propagatied  in  as  great  Plenty  by 
Seeds.  ^  ^     ^ 

COLUTEA  SCORPIOIDES.    . 

Fide  Emerus. 

COLLIFLOWER.  Fuie  Braf- 
fica. 

COMAAUREA.  Ti^Chryf^^ 
coma. 

COMARUM,  Marih  Cinque^ 
foil.  ^ 

The  Cbaraffers  are ; 
The  EmpaUmeni  of  thg  Fltrwtr  it 
of  one  Leaf  ^whicb  is  cut  at  the  Tof. 
into  ten  Parts :  the  Flower  has  f'V0 
Petals : .  in  the  Centre  of  the  FIo*wet 
is  Jituateii  a  great  Number  of  romsniijb 
Pointals  colleGed  into  an  Head:  theft 
are  attsnd§dhy  a  great  Number  of 

Sumina* 


c  o 

StamliUL :  th  Bmpakment  afttmvmri 
becomes  tbi  Cover  tfthe  Fruity  tvhici 
Hcbfes  mamy  /mail  poiuted  Seeds. 

This  Aant  was  ranged  by  former 
Botanifts  under  the  Tide  of  Penta- 

ihjUoides ;  which,  being  a  compound 
^ame»  is  altered  by  Dr.  lAmutm  to 
this  of  Cemarmm. 

There  are  two  Vari^ies  of  this 
Pfaukty  which  Ire  found  upon  moift 
Bogs  in  the  North  of  England^  and 
in  IreUmd:  one  of  thefe  has  thin 
imooth  Leaves,  and  the  other  has 
thick  hairy  Leaves;  but  I  believe 
them  to  be  accidental  Varieties  arife- 
ing  from  their  Places  of  Growth. 

As  thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of 
Bogs,  they  are  with  Difiiculty  pre- 
ferved  in  Gardens;  for  they  muft 
be  planted  in  a  Soil  as  near  to  that 
of  their  natural  Growth  as  poffible : 
they  are  very  apt  to  fpread  much  at 
the  Root,  when  in  a  proper  Situa- 
tion: fo  whoever  is  indineable  to 
preferve  thefe  Plants,  may  remove 
thtm  from  the  Places  of  theirGrowth 
kkO^oBeri  and  if  they  are  planted 
en  a  Bog,  there  will  be  no  Danger 
of  the  Plants  fucceeding :  there  are 
R  few  of  thefe  Plants  now  growing 
upon  a  Bog  at  Hamjiead,  which  were 
planted  there  feme  Years  ago;  but 
the  neareft  Place  to  Lcndon^  where 
they  grow  wild,  is  in  the  Meadows 
near  Guilfird  in  Surry. 

COMMELINA. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

ne  Leames  are  produced  alternate- 
A,  and  furround  the  Stalks  at  their 
Bafe^  being  in  Shape  /ameivhat  like 
the  Ephemeron  :  at  the  Setting  on  of 
ibe  Branches^  hetnveen  the  filing  of 
the  Leaf  and  the  Stalky  is  produced  a 
Flonjoer^  which  conjifis  oft^wo  Leaves^ 
nvhich  are  placed  in  the  Form  oft^tvo 
Wings,  much  after  the  manner  of  the 
Butterfly-flowers:  from  the  upper 
Part  of  the  Flower  are  produced  three 
Jhort  Stamina   (vr  Threads)  ;    upon 


C  O 

nsihich  ea^i  f evened  yellow  Apieei, 
Rvhicb  refemble  the  Head  of  a  Mmfi^ 
room :  in  the  under  Part  of  the  Flower 
are  produced  three  other  Male  Sta- 
mina, •which  are  thicker  and  longer 
than  the  other :  the  Ovary  is  proceed 
in  the  Centre  of  the  Flewgr,  which 
is  extended  into  a  hng  tutor  ted  Tube, 
euuthecomes  em  oblong  Fruity  divi^ 
into  t*wo  Cells,  in  each  ofvahicbis 
contained  one  ohUng  Seed. 
The  Specia  are ; 

I .  Com M E  LI  N A  graminea  latifo' 
lia,  flore  cetruieo.  Plum.  Nov.  Gau 
Broad  grafs-leavM  Herb  Commeliju, 
with  blue  Flowers. 

Z.CouuELiVAprocamtensaunaM, 
faponmri^ folio.  Hort.  Elth.    Trail- 
ing  annual  Commdina,  with  aSope- 
wort-leaf. 

3.  CoMMKLiNA  ereSa,  amfSore 
fuhccerulto  flore.  Hort.  Elth.  Larger 
upright  Commelina,  with  a  biiuih 
Flower. 

4.  CoMMELiNA  ra£ce  anaeoM' 
pferotis.  Hort,  Elth.  Commelina  with 
a  Root  like  Orpine. 

Thefe  Planu  are  nearly  allied  to 
the  Ephemeron  or  Spiderwort ;  from 
which  Genus  th^  differ  in  die 
Flowers,  which,  in  thofe  of  dus 
Genus,  have  but  two  Leaves,  where- 
as thofe  of  the  Ephemeron  have  throe; 
fo  that  by  fome  of  the  Writei^  on 
Botany,  thefe  have  been  titled  Efht- 
meron  flore  hipetedo,  i.  e.  Spideni'ort 
with  a  Flower  of  two  Leaves. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  trailing  an- 
nual Plant,  which  if  permitted  to 
icatter  its  Seeds,  the  Plants  will 
come  up  the  following  Spring,  much 
better  than  when  the  Seeds  are  pre- 
ferved  and  (own  with  Care ;  for  if  the 
Seeds  are  not  fown  in  Autumn,  foon 
after  they  are  ripe,  they  feldom 
grow :  therefore  when  the  Seeds  aie 
to  be  tranfported  to  any  Diftance, 
they  fliould  be  put  up  in  Saod  or 
Earth  to  preferve  them ;  and  they 

ihottla 


G  O 

bould  be  fown  as  ibon  as  poiEble 
when  they  arrive:  the  Plants  of  this 
Sort  do  not  bear  tranfplanting  well, 
efpecialiy  if  they  are  not  removed 
Very  young ;  therefore  it  is  better  to 
fow  the  Seeds  where  the  Plants  are 
to  remain^  and  thin  them  out  fo  as 
to  leave  them  fix  or  eight  Inches 
afunder ;  and  if  they  are  kept  clean 
from  Weedsy  they,  will  require  no 
other  Ckre :  this  Sort  begins  to  flower 
the  fatter  EndoFJunff  and  will  con- 
tinue till  the  Froft  comes  on,  which 
prefcntly  deftroys  the  Plants. 

The  third  Sort,  is  a  perennial 
Plant ;  bat  the  Roots  will  not  live 
through  the  Winter,  anlefs  they  are 
fcreened  from  the  Cold ;  nor  will 
this  Sort  flower  and  perfect  its  Seeds 
wdl  in  England^  unlefs  the  Pots  are 
plunged  into  an  Hot-bed,  to  bring 
them  forward  in  the  Spring.  Thefe 
two  Sorts  are  both  Natives  ofjhe 
Northern  Parts  of  Jmenca. 

The  fourth  Sort  was  brought  from 
the  South  of  America ;  fo  is  more 
tender  than  either  of  the  former 
Sorts  :  this  n^^ft  be  con  flan  tly  kept 
under  GlafTesin  an  Hot-bed,  other- 
wife  it  will  not  flower,  and  ripen 
its  Seeds :  this  and  the  former  Sort 
fixould  be  raifed  on  an  Hot-bed  early 
in  the  Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  fit  to  tranfplant,  they  Ihould  be 
planted  into  feparate  fmall  Pots,  and 
plunged  into  a  frefli  Hot-bed,  and 
treated  as  other  Exotic  Plants :  with 
this  Management  they  will  Rower  in 
Juiy^  and  ripen  their  Seeds  in  ^^- 
fem^er;  and  their  Roots  will  live 
thro"  the  Winter,  if  the  Pots  are 
placed  in  a  Stove.  They  both  die 
to  the  Root  every  Autumn,  and 
fiioot  up  again  in  the  Spring. 

The  third  Sort  grows  ere6l ;  but 
thefourth  will  trail  upon  the  Ground, 
if  the  Plants  are  not  fupported.  This 
has  a  knobbed  Root  refembling  that 
of  the  common  Orpine. 

7 


c  o 

CONOCARPODENDRON.  Fuk 
Protea. 

CONOCARPUS,  Button .  ired, 
nfulgo. 

The  CharaBirs  are ; 
The  Emfalement  of  the  FUwr  is 
/mal/,  and  conjifis  of  one  Leaf  mbUb 
is  cut  at  the  Brim  into  f*ve  Jharp  Seg^ 
ments:  the  Flower  is  afetalous^  ba^Jttrg 
a  large  ohtufe  Pointal  ftuated  im  tbt 
Centre  of  the  Empalement^  <whicb  is 
attended  hyfi*ve  Stamina :  the  Painial 
aftertvard  becomes  a  round  bard  dry 
Fruity  refembling  a  fmall  Cone^  ba^eh- 
ittg  many  Cellsj  in  each  of  nvbicb  is ' 
lodged  one  angular  Seed. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  CoNocARPvs  caudlce  ereSe^ 
foliis    laneeolatis    acutis.     Upright 

Button-tree,    with    pointed    fpear- 
ihaped  Leaves. 

2 .  CoNOCA  RPUs  procuwsbens^foliis 
orhiculatis.  Trailing  Button- tree^ 
with  round  Leaves. 

The  firft  Sort  is  very  common  in 
the  Ifland  of  yamaica^  where  it 
grows  in  fwampy  Places  near  the 
oea ;  it  is  alfo  found  in  feveral  other 
Parts  of  America^  in  moift  Places, 
always  near  the  Sea-coalt,  where  it 
grows  to  the  Height  of  twenty-five 
or  thirty  Feet,  and  produces  plenty 
of  Seeds. 

Thefecond  Sort  was  found  by 
my  late  learned  Friend  Dr.  William 
hoppQuny  near  the  Havannab^  in  th« 
fame  fwampy  Ground  like  the  firft : 
the  Branches  of  this  Sort  trail  upon 
the  Ground,  and  never  rife  upward. 

Both  thefe  Sorts  are  preferved  ii^ 
fome  curious  Gardens  for  the  fake  of 
Variety ;  but  they  are  Plants  of  no 
great  Beauty :  they  are  propagated 
from  Seeds,  which  mnfl  be  obtained 
from  the  Places  of  their  natural 
Growth ;  for  they  never  produce 
any  good  Seeds  in  Europe:  thefe 
Seeds,  if  they  are  frefh,  will  come 
up  very  fooo,  if  they  are  fown  upon 


e  o 

a  good  Hot-bed ;  and  if  the  Plants 
are  potted,  and  preferved  in  a  Bark- 
fiove»  they  will  make  great  Progrefs ; 
bat  they  are  too  tender  to  live  in 
this  Country,  unlefs  they  are  con- 
ilantly  kept  in  the  Stove,  and  treat- 
ed in  the  fame  manner  with  other 
tender  Exotic  Plants ;  obferving,  as 
cfaey  are  Natives  of  Swamps,  to  fup- 

fly  them  often  with  Water:  thefe 
lants  are  ever-green,  cafting  off  their 
old  Leaves  when  the  new  come  out. 

CONSOLIDA  MAJOR.  Fidi 
Symphytum* 

CONSOLIDA  MEDIA.  Vidi 
Bugnla. 

CONSOLIDA  MINIMA.  Vidi 
BeUis. 

CONSOLIDA  REGALIS.  Vidt 
Delphinium. 

CONVALLARIA,  Lily  of  the 
Valley. 

The  Cbare^ers  are; 
.  ^bt  Flower  bath  no  Empalement, 
andamjifit  of  one  Leafi  isfl?aped  like 
a  BeH,  and  cut  into  fix  Parti  at  the 
Brimt  *wbicb  an  reflex^d:  in  tbt 
Centre  eftbe  Flower  i$  fituated  a  glo^ 
hular  Pointal^  attended  by  fix  Sta- 
mina, 'wbicb  Juffort  oblong  ereB  Snm^ 
mits :  tbi  Pointal  afterguard  becomes 
a  foft  round  Berry,  inclofing  tbree 
ronndi/b  Seeds, 

The  Species  are; 

1.  CovvALLA^iAfcaponudo.  Lin. 
Hort.  Cliff,  The  common  Lily  of 
the  Valley. 

2.  Cony  ALL  AKi  A  fcaponudOf  fiore 
rubente,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  with 
red.  Flowers. 

3.  Co WAi.i,AKi A  latifolia,  Lily 
of  the  Valley,  with  broad  Leaves. 

4.  CoNVALLARiA  latifoHa,  fiore 
fUuo  vqrieFato,  Broad-leaved  Lily 
of  the  Valley,  with  a  double-ftriped 
Flower. 

The  firil  Sort  grows  wild  in  feveral 
parts  of  £ff^Aiiii/,  but  particularly  in 
the  Woods  near  fVohurn  i^  Bedford^ 


c  o 

^/r/,  where  the  poor  Inhabitants 
gather  the  Flowers  to  fupply  the 
Markets  in  London :  this  Sort  is  alfo 
planted  in  Gardens  for  the  Sweet- 
nefs  of  its  Flowers. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Variety  of 
the  (irft,  from  which  it  only  differs 
in  the  Colour  of  its  Flowers  :  this  is 
only  to  be  found  in  fome  corioui 
Gardens. 

The  third  Sort  hath  Leaves  mock 
broader  than  thofe  of  the  firft;  and 
the  Spikes  of  Flowers  are  generally 
larger;  this  is  not  found  wild  in 
Englandy  but  in  Girmasy  it  is  very 
common. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the 
Alps :  the  Leaves  of  this  Sort  are 
very  broad,  and  the  Flowers  are 
much  larger  than  thofe  of  the  com- 
mon Sort,  and  are  finely  variegated 
with  Purple :  this  Sort  is  very  rare 
in  England  at  prefent. 

All  thefe  Sorts  increafe  very  M, 
by  their  creepihg  Roots,  except  tbe 
laft,  whereby  they  may  be  had  in 
great  Plenty  by  parting  their  Roots 
in  O^ober :  they  mufl  be  planted  in 
a  ihady  Situation,  and,  in  a  moift 
Soil,  will  produce  more  Flowen 
than  in  a  dry  Ground :  when  they 
are  planted,  the  Roots  (hould  be  pot 
near  a  Foot  afunder,  to  allow  them 
room  to  fpread ;  for  they  will  foon 
meet  at  this  Diftance ;  and,  as  they 
fhould  not  be  transplanted  oftener 
than  every  third  Year,  when  they 
are  planted  too  dofe,  they  will  mat 
their  Roots  fo  clofely  together,  as  to 
prevent  their  flowering  ilrongly. 

CONVOLVULUS,  Bindweed. 
The  Charaffers  are  ; 

//  bath ^  for  the  mnft  part^  trmUng 
Stalks:  the  Lea*ves  groqv  alternately 
upon  the  Branches:  the  Flower  con- 
fifis  of  one  in  fire  Leaf  fiyaped  like  s 
Bell,  whofe  Mouth  or  Brim  is,f» 
the  mafi  part,  Ruidely  fpread  anJ  ex- 
panded: the  O'vary  becomes  a  roundifi 

mem- 


t  0 

?esu  Fruit,  *whicb  is  n»rapfd 
wp  «within  the  Floaver-cup,  an  J  is  ge* 
nerally  di<vided  inta  ibrei  CtUs^  each 
t9Ht€timng  one  angular  Seed, 
The  Sfeaes  arc ; 
I  •  Co  NY  o  L  V  u  LU  s  *vu/garis  major 
Mus,  Mor,  Htfi,  The  common 
great  white  Bindweed,  volgarly  call- 
ed Bear-bind. 

2 .  Co  N  V  0  LVU  LtT  s  minor  arvenjis^ 
forerofeo.  C.  B,  Lcffcr  Field  Bind- 
weed, with  a  rofe'-colour'd  Flower, 
▼olgarly  called  Gravel- bind. 

3.  Convolvulus  maritimus  no- 
firms  rotundifilius.  Mor,  Hift,  Com- 
mon Sea  Bindweed,  with  round 
Leaves,  or  Soldanella  Officin. 

4.CONVOLVULUS  marinus  cat  bar' 
iicusp  folio  rotundoy  Jlore  purpurea. 
Plum.  Ameritan  purging  Sea  Bind- 
weed, with  a  round  Leaf,  and  a 
porple  Flower. 

5 .  Co  N VOLVULUS  purpurtuSf  felio 
fubrotundo,     C,   B.    Indian  QoVkVoU 
Tains,    with  roondifh  Leaves^  and 
purple  Flowers. 

6.  Convolvulus  ImBcus,  floro 
albo  H.  R.  Par.  Indian  Bindweed, 
with  white  Flowers. 

7.  Convolvulus  Indicus,  Jlore 
dllfO'purpurafcentey  femine  albo.  H* 
R.  Monjp,  Indian  Bindweed,  with 
whitilh-purple  Flowers,  and  white 
Seeds. 

8.  Convolvulus  hScusy  Jlore 
enitplo  rofeo,  //sr^/nv  Bindweed,  with 
large  rofe-colour'd  Flowers, 

9.  Convolvulus  caeruleus  bede^ 
raceus^feutrifolius.  Park.  Ivy-lcav'd 
Indian  Bindweed,  with  fair  blue 
Flowers. 

10.  Convolvulus  Canarienjis 
ftmper^irens,  folio  molli  incano^  Jkre 
gx  albo  purpurafcente,  H,  A.  Peren- 
nial Canary  Bindweed,  with  foft 
faoary  Leaves,  and  whitifh  purple 
Flowers. 

11.  Convolvulus  jBtr^Vr  beptO' 
fbyUos^  /lore  fulpbisr^  odoratofpeci^ 

V«i.  I. 


C  Q 

Jifflmo.  Sloan.  Cat.  Jam.  Great 
American  Bindweed,  with  ipedoua 
yellow  fweet-fcented  Flowers,  com- 
monly called  Spanif^  Arbor  vine,  or 
Spanifls  Wood- bind. 

12.  Convolvulus   Lujitanicus^ 
Jlore  eyaneo.    BroJf.    Portugal  Bind- 
weed, with  fine  blue  Flowers,  vul- 
garly called  Cowol*vttlus  minor. 

13.  Convolvulus  LuJitanicus^ 
fore  &  femine  albo.  Boerb.  Ind.  alt. 
Portugal  Bindweed,  with  white 
Flowers  and  Seeds,  vulgarly  called 
Convol'vulus  minor  J  fore  albo. 

'14.  Convolvulus  major  reilus 
Cretitus  argenteus.  Mor.  Hift.  Great 
upright  Bindweed  from  Crete^  with 
filver-coIour*d  Leaves. 

15.  Convolvulus  linatiit  folio^ 
etj/urgens.  Toum.  Upright  Bindweed, 
with  Toadflax-leaves. 

16.  Convolvulus  radice  tubero* 

fa  efculenta,  fpinacbiae  folioy  fork 

albo,  fiindo  purpurea,  femine  poft  ff 

gulos  fores  fingulo.  Sloan.  Cat.  White 

and  yellow  SpaniJb  Potatoes. 

1 7.  Co nvol V u  Lus  radRce  tuberofa 
efculenta  minor e  purpurea.  Sloan.  Cat^ 
Red  Spamjb  Potatoes. 

1 8 .  Co  N vo  L  V  u  Lu  s  radice  tuberofa 
catbartita.  Houft.     The  jAlap. 

1 9.  Con  vp  L  V  u  LUS  radice  tuberofa 
maxima^  foliis  bederaceis  incanis,Jlo» 
ribuj  maximis  purpureis,  femine  'viU 
■kfo.  li&uft.  Large  tuberous-rooted 
Bindweed,  with  hoary  Ivy-leaves» 
large  purple  Flowers>  and  hairy 
Seeds. 

20.  CoNVOLvuius  pffitaphyllos, 
folio  glabro  dentato,  nfiticuiis  birfutis. 

Plum.  Cat.  Five-leav'd  Bindweed, 
with  fmooth  indented  Leaves,  and 
hairy  Stalks. 

21.  Qo'^^oi.Wis^^  polyantbos  ni» 
^eus,  folio  fubrotundo  majori.  Plum. 
Cat,  American  Bindweed,  with  ma- 
ny white -Flowers,  and  a  larger 
roundifh  Leaf. 


Aa 


22.  Cqn^ 


CO 

22.  ContohvvLvs  imteus  pofyoM' 
ih§s»  Pinm.  Cat.  Yellow  maoy* 
flowerM  Biadwced. 

23.  Convolvulus  amplifinufoiip 
iordi/ormi,  fori  wiaxitM  purpura- 
fceuti,  Flum.  Cat^  Bindweed  witk 
«  large  heart-(haped  Leaf,  and  a 
large  purpliih  Flower. 

24.  Convolvulus  nm^/i^Mo/o- 
Zfa  corMformi^  Jlort  albo  maxima, 
P/um.  Cat,  Bindweed  with  a  large 
heart-ihaped  Leaf,  and  a  large  white 
Flower. 

25.  Convolvulus  coccineut  hep- 
tapbylloi,  radici  crajjijjima,  Pium. 
Cat,  Soirlet  Bindweed,  with  feven 
Leaves,  and  a  thick  Root. 

26.  Convolvulus  pentaphyllos 
hirfutus.  Plum.  Cat.  Hairy  five- 
leav'd  Bindweed. 

27.  Convolvulus    polyphyllos^ 
*  Jlon  li  fruSu  purpunis    maximii. 

Plum.  Cat,  Many-leav*d  Bindweed* 
with  the  largeft  purple  Flower  and 
l^ruit. 

28.  Con VOLVU lus  minmus  <villo' 
fus^  btUantbemi  folh.  Plum,  Cat. 
The  lead  hairy  Bindweed,  with  a 
dwarf  Ciftus-leaf. 

29.  Convolvulus  pentapbylhs 
muoTp  Jfort  purpuric.  Sloan.  Cat. 
LeiTer  five-leav*d  Bindweed,  with  a 
purple  Flower. 

30.  Convolvulus  pofyanth^s, 
filiii  &  viticulit  purpureis.  Many- 
flowered  Bindwcied,  with  purple 
Stalks  and  Leave9. 

31.  Convolvulus  jfmericauus, 
tirtJloUcbia  folio  glabt9^  viticulss  bir- 
Jutis^  Jlort  majort  purpureo^  femine 
lanugiuofo,  American  Bindweed,  with 
afmooth  Birthwort-leaf,  hairy  Stalks, 
a  large  purple  Flower,  and  hairy 
Seeds. 

32.  Convolvulus  Americanus^ 
foliii  oblongis  birfutis^  Jlore  miners 
furpurafcenttf  femine  minima.  Ameri" 
can  Bindweed,   with  iuiry  oblong 


C  o 

leaves,  a  fmall  purpliih  Flowery 
and  the  leafl  Seed. 

33.  Convolvulus  Syriaens^  bf 
Scammonea  Syriaem.  Mar.  Hifi.  The 
Scammony. 

34.  Convolvulus  Indiais  aUtnt 
maximus,  foUit  ibifco  nommbil findli" 
bui^  anguUfis.  Hort.  Lugd,  Bat,  The 
Turbith  of  the  Shops. 

There  arc  yet  many  other  Sons 
which  have  been  brought  into  the 
Englijb  Gardens  from  America  \  bo^ 
as  they  are  Plants  of  lefs  Beauty  than 
thofehere  enumerated,  I  Aullpa6 
them  over ;  for  there  feems  to  be  bo 
End  to  die  Number  of  Species  of 
this  Genus:  every  Year  fome  new 
Sorts  are  brought  into  England. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  is  a  very 
troublefome  Weed  in  Gardens,  cf- 
pecially  under  Hedges,  or  amongft 
the  Roou  of  Trees  1  where,  by  its 
creeping  Roots,  it  increafes  very 
fall;  and  the  Plant  twilling  itfelf 
about  whatever  Plants,  i^c.  are  near 
it,  will  fpread  as  far  above-ground, 
overbearing  whatever  Plant  it  comes 
near.  The  only  Remedy  that  I 
knowof  todedroy  this  Plant,  isbf 
often  hoeing  of  it  down;  which  ia 
one  Yearns  time  (if  carefully  per- 
formed, and  often  repeated)  will  ia- 
tirely  deftroy  it :  for  the  whole  Plant 
abounds  with  a  milky  Juice;  aod 
whenever  the  Top  b  cut  off,  it  is 
very  fubjed  to  emit  fo  great  a  Qoan* 
tlty  of  its  Juice,  as  to  deftroy  the 
whole  Branch  to  the  Root>  which 
(as  the  Gardeners  exprefs  it]  is  bM' 
ing  to  Dcatb, 

The  fecond  Sort,  of  which  there 
are  great  Varieties  of  differeot-<o- 
lourM  Flowers,  is  ftill  a  worfe  Weed 
than  the  former ;  for  the  Roots  of 
this  Kind  iafinuate  themfetves  i^t^ 
the  Gravel  many  Feet  deep,  ^ 
greatly  iticreafe  under* ground,  nTe- 
ing  and  fpreading  its  Branches  over 

tnrr 


CO 

^tftry  ihiag  near  it.  This  I  know 
BO  other  Method  to  deftroy,  than 
hoeing  often,  or  paJling  it  ap  by 
Hand ;  wfakk  wUl,  in  time,  weak«i 
and  fttbdue  it :  but  this  can*t  be  done 
under  three  or  four  Years,  if  attend- 
ed with  all  poffible  Care  (eTpecially 
in  a  dry,  fandy,  or  gravelly  Soil) : 
but  in  a  wet  Soil  it  is  foon  deftroyed ; 
hr  the  Roots  are  very  fubjeft  to  rot 
with  too  much  Moifture  in  Winter. 

The  third  Sort  is  found  in  Plenty 
Qpon  the  gravelly  or  &ndy  Shores, 
'where  the  fait  Water  oraiiows,  in 
many  Parts  of  En^and.  This  is  a 
ftrong  Purger,  aiul  as  fuch  is  often 
eicd  m  Medicine.  This  Plant,  if 
fown  in  a  Garden,  will  feldom  lad 
above  a  Year  or  two. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  found  in  great 
Plenty  upon  the  Sea-ftores  of  Ami» 
rica\  and  Is  by  the  Inhabitants  cfed 
as  a  Poige.  The  Seeds  of  this  Plant 
were  brought  from  the  Bahama- 
Iflandshy  Mr.  Caitfiy^  and  have 
^n  raifed  in  feveral  Gardens  in 
England \  but  it  is  'vtiy  tender,  and 
Bot  to  be  Icept  thro^  the  Winter 
^wthoat  a  Stove. 

The  two  Kinds  of  Potatoes  are 
ttach  cultivated  in  the  fVeft-Indies^ 
where  they  are  a  great  Part  of  the 
Food  of  the  Inhabitants ;  and  from 
thefe  Roots  they  make  a  Drink 
which  they  call  Mohby ;  which  is 
done  by  ftewing  the  Roots  over  a 
S^tleJPire  till  they  are  foft;  then 
^cy  break  the  Roots,  and  put  them 
into  fair  Water,  letting  them  re- 
"nain  therein  two  or  three  Hoars,  in 
which  time  the  Water  will  have 
drawn  out  the  Spirit  of  the  Root ; 
then  Aey  put  the  Liquor  and  Roots 
iatoawoollep  Bag,  and  ftrain  the 
liqaor  through  into  a  Jar,  when  in 
Jwo  Hours  after  it  will  begin  to  work  j 
^n  they  cover  the  Jar,  and  let 
« remain  until  the  next  IXy,  when 
«  wiJI  be  fit  to  drink.    ThU  Liquor 


c  o 

they  make  ftronger  or  weaker,  by 
putting  a  greater  or  leTs  Quantity  of 
Roou  into  the  Water.     It  is  a  very 
fprightly  Drink,  but  not  fubjed  to 
Hy  in  the  Head,  nor  will  it  keep 
good  longer  than  four  or  five  Days. 
Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  with 
great  Eaie;  for  every  Piece  of  the 
Root,  which  has  an  Eye  or  Bud, 
will  grow,  and  fend  out  Branches 
trailing  on  the  Ground,  which  emit 
Roots  at  every  Joint,   and  form  a 
large  Tuber  or  Potato  at  ejich,  which 
in  thofe  warm  Countries  will  be  full 
grown,  and  fit  for  Ufe,  in  three  or 
n>ur  Months  time ;  fo  that  from  one 
Root  planted  there  will  be  twenty 
or  thirty  fair  Roots  produced.  Some 
of  thefe  Roots  have  been  brought 
from  America  into  Europe^  and  are 
now  frequently  cultivated  in  Spaim 
and    Portuga/;    from    both  which 
Places  the  Roots  are  annually  bro^ii^ht 
into   England^    and   are   by    fome 
Perfons  greatly  efleemed ;   tho*  in 
general  they  are  not  fo  well  liked  as 
the  common  Pouto,  being  too  fweet 
and  lufcious  for  moft  Palates. 

In  England  thefe  Plants  are  fome- 
times  cultivated  by  curious  Perfons, 
after  the  following  manner:  The 
latter  End  of  March,  or  the  Begin- 
ning of  Aprily  they  prepare  an  Heap 
of  hot  Dung  i  then  having  chofen  a 
warm  Spot  of  light  Ground,  they 
dig  Holes  about  eight  Feet  afunder, 
into  each  of  which  they  put  four  or 
five  Barrows  of  the  hot  Dung,  which 
mufl  be  laid  fmooth,  raifing  it  high 
in  the  Middle ;  then  they  cover  the 
Dung  with  light  rich  Earth,  and  up- 
on the  Top  of  each  Hill  they  plant 
two  or  three  Pieces  of  found  Roots, 
each  having  an  Eye  or  Bud ;  than 
they  cover  the  Hills  with  Bell  or 
Hand-glaffes,  to  preferve  an  Heat 
in  that  Part  of  the  Hill  where  the 
Roots  are  planted,  as  alfo  to  prevent 
the  Rain  from  rotting  the  Roots.  In 
Aa  1  about 


c  o 

about  ft  Fortmgbt  or  d&rce  Weeks 
afcer  pUnting  they  will  be^  to 
fhoot,  whea  the  Glafles  muft  be 
raifed  on  one  Side  every  Day,  to  ad- 
mit frefh  Air  to  tbePIancs ;  and  they 
muft  be  frequently  refreflicd  with 
Water  i  but  it  ibould  not  be  given 
them  in  large  Qaantities^  untu  the 
Plants  are  grown  pretty  ftrong,  left 
thereby  yon  rot  the  Roots.  When 
the  Vinet  have  fpread  fo  far  as  to 
reach  the  Sides  of  the  GlafTcs,  the 
GUifes  mat  be  raifed  with  three 
Bricks,  to  allow  room  for  the  Vines 
to  fpread  $  but  the  GlafTes  ihould  not 
be  taken  quite  away  from  the  Plants 
until  Jtine^  when  the  Plants  will  be 
paft  Danger  of  Injury  from  the  Cold. 
As  thefe Vines  fpread,  fo  the  Ground 
aboat  them  ihould  be  looieoed  and 
raifed,  that  they  may  more  eaiily 
ftrike  their  Roots  into  it ;  and  in  dry 
^Weather  the  Vines  ihould  be  water* 
ed  all  over,  three  or  four  times  a 
V\'eek ;  which  greatly  ftrengthen  the 
Plants,  and  caafe  the  Roots  which 
are  formed  at  each  Joint  of  the 
Vines,  to  grow  large  and  fair :  they 
muft  alfo  be  conftantly  kept  clear 
from  Weeds,  which,  if  fufFered  to 
grow  amongft  the  Plants,  will  over- 
bear and  greatly  weaken  or  deftroy 
them.  Thefe  Roots  muft  remain  un- 
difturbed  till  Autumn,  when  the  firft 
Approach  of  Froft  will  pinch  the 
tender  I^eaves  of  the  Vines,  at  which 
time  you  muft  immediately  take  up 
the  Roots ;  for  if  the  Froft  (hould 
reach  them,  it  will  intirely  deftroy 
them.  Th<^e  Roots  may  be  kept  in 
d  y  Sand,  in  a  warm  Place,  for  \5i^ 
in  the  Winter ;  and  a  few  of  the 
foundeft  inuft  be  preferved  to  make 
a  fre/h  Plantation  in  the  Spring. 

The  Jalap,  whofe  Root  has  been 

long  ufed  in  Medicine  in  Europe^  is 

a  Native  of  the  Province  of  Halapm^ 

about  two  Days  Journey  from  La 

>'-rni  Crma  in  the  S^iijb  IVefi- Indies^ 


CO 

nott  wvCBce  tht  Root  s  nt  ■ 
p«at  Qgitttics  evcij  Year  to  It- 
r9ft\  bat  it  isolkce  dattkFint 
has  beem  kaown  tt>  the  ftfifMo; 
for  Dr.  T^mrm/BTt^  t^catheUih 
mation  of  Fadier  Fbmtr^  kas^ 
Ycred  it  as  one  of  the  Sptdei  of  ik 
MmrHHUf?erm^  and  codtitsttd  tk 
Genos  onder  the  Tide  of  7^- 
but  my  late  leaned  Friend  Dr.  V'ii- 
limm  Hgrnfium^  who  was  at  I«^ai 
Crass  two  or  three  times,  proaurf 
fome  Plants  from  ^y^tZi;^  by  bis  ~ 
tereft  with  •an  ingenioo  jjfaun 
which  he  carried  to  Jeamca^  uL 
planted  there  ;  by  which  he  vasii* 
formed  truly  that  it  was  one  Spcda 
of  Cww;#/wAf  t,  and  acooidiaglj 
it  the  Name  I  hare  here 
it  under. 

This,  and  moft  of  the  od«  Soittl 
of  Convolvulos  here  mentiooed,«Bt{ 
found  in  fevcnl  Paits  of  AmtnOj 
the  fore-mentioned  Dr  Jfas/Mi.«b9 
fent  the  Seeds  of  them  mto  f^- 
lami,  where  they  hare  been  cslo- 
vated  i   but  as  moft  of  them  se  I 
abiding  Plants,  and  requiie  a  warn 
Stove  to  preferve  them  in  WintSi 
few  of  them  have  been  maiataiBed 
here :  for  they  fpread  and  rambkift 
far,  that  few  Stoves  now  built  axe 
tall  enough  to  oontain  them  ;  and  if 
they  are  intermixed  with  otherPIanlSi 
they  will   twift    themfelves  mud 
whatever  Planu  grow  near  theni,aiid 
will  foon  overbear  and  deftroy  tbei% 
if  not  timely  prevented. 

All  thefe  Sorts  of  Conrolvnlosaie 
propagated  by  Seeds,  whidi  fliookl 
be  fown  in  a  moderate  Hoc-bed  early 
in  the  Spring:  thofe  Sorts  whkh 
have  large  Seeds,  ihould  be  ibwa 
very  thin,  and  buried  deeper  in  dfe 
Earth,  than  thofe  which  have  final] 
Seeds :  in  about  a  Fortnight  aftei 
they  are  fown,  the  Plants  will  begia 
to  appear  above-ground,  when  the 
GlaiTes  of  the  Hot-bed  ftiould  be 

raifed 


k 


c  o 

saKed  every  Daf,  to  admit  frefli  Air 
to  the  Plants;  otherwife  they  will 
draw  up  weak,  and  twift  themfelves 
together^  fb  as  to  render  it  difHcuk 
to  feparate  them.    When  the  Plants 
are  aboac  three  Inches  high*  they 
(hould  be  carefully  taken  up,  and 
each  Dlanted  in  a  imall  Pot  filled  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  then  plunged 
into  a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark,    obferving  to  (hade  the 
Glafies  every  Day  with  Mats,  until 
the  Plants  have  taken  new  Root  i 
after  which  thne.  they  (hould  have  a 
large  Share  of  freih  Air;   and  in 
warm  Weather  they  mull  be  fre- 
quently watered.     When  the  Plants 
have  filled  the  Pots  with  their  Roots, , 
they  (hould  be  (haken  out,  and  plant- 
ed into  larger  Pots  filled  with  frefh 
Earth,  and  then  placed  in  the  Stove, 
where  they  may  have  room  to  climb, 
and  their  Shoots  either  twifbd  on  an 
Efpalier  made  in  the  back  Part  of 
the  Stove  for  thefe  and  other  ram- 
bling Plants,  or  elfe  fupported  with 
long  Stakes ;    otherwife  they  will 
ranable  over  whatever  Plants  ftand 
near  them.  Some  of  thefe  Sorts  will 
produce  Flowers  the  firft  Seafon,  but 
others  will  not  flower  until  the  fe- 
cond  or  third  Year  ;  nor  will  they 
flower  kindly,  unlefs  they  have  a 
hirge  Share  of  fre(h  Air,  efpecially 
in  warm  Weather.     Thefe  Plants 
will  continue  feveral  Years,  provi* 
ded  they  are  managed  rightly  ;  and 
will    produce   Flowers   and   Seeds 
every  Year,  and  make  a  fine  Ap* 
pcarance  in  the  Stove,  when  they  are 
in  Flower. 

The  fifdi,  (ixth,  feventh,  eighth, 
sod  ninth  Sorts  are  annual,  and  are 
propagated  inGardens  for  theBe^ty 
of  their  Flowers :  thefe  are  com- 
monly fown  on  anHot-bed  inMarchi 
and  afterwards  tranfpl anted  into  Bor- 
ders in  the  open  Air,  where  bting 
Supported  by  tall  Stakes,  they  will 


c  o 

Sift  roand  them,  and  arife  to  a  great 
;ight,  producing  great  Quantities 
of  fine  large  bell- (haped  Flowers,and 
will  continue  flowering  until  the 
Froft  prevent  them. 

Thefe  may  all  be  raiied  in  the 
open  Ground,  except  the  ninth, 
which,  if  it  is  not  brought  forward 
in  the  Spring  by  an  Hot-bed,  feldom 
produces  ripe  Seeds  :  the  reft  are 
\tTy  hardy,  and  may  be  fown  to 
cover  Seats,  Arbours,  Pklifadoes,£5^r. 
which  they  will  do  in  a  ihort  time, 
and  continue  very  handfome  until 
the  Froft  defboys  them :  the  feveral 
Varieties,  when  intermixed,  make  a 
beautiful  Appearance ;  but  the  ninth 
Sort  is  by  far  the  moft  beautiful  of 
them  all,  the  Flowers  of  this  being 
of  the  fineft  azure  blue  Colour. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  an  abiding  Plant, 
and  requires  a  Green-houfe  in  Win- 
ter :  this  will  grow  to  a  confiderable 
Height,  and  muft  be  fupported  by 
ftrong  Stakes  :  it  Rowers  almoft  every 
Year  with  us ;  but  feldom  produces 
good  Seeds  in  England.  This  may 
be  propagated  by  laying  down  the 
tender  Branches  in  the  Spring,  which 
by  Autumn  will  have  fuflicient Roots 
to  be  taken  off.  Thefe  muft  be  plant- 
ed in  Pots  filled  with  frefh  light 
Earth,  and  (heltered  from  Frofts  in 
Winter  ;  but  muft  have  as  much  ftte 
Air  as  poflible  in  mild  Weather,  and 
require  frequent  Waterings  :  it  may 
alfo  be  propagated  by  Cuttings  ia 
any  of  the  Summer-months. 

The  eleventh  Sort  is  very  com- 
mon in  the  hotter  Parts  of  Amtrica^ 
where  it  is  known  by  the  Name  of 
Spanifi  Arbour-vine :  it  is  by  the  In- 
habitants planted  to  cover  Arbours 
and  Seats,  for  which  Purpofe  it  is 
very  proper  :  for  in  thofe  Countries 
one  of  thefe  Plants  will  grow  to  the 
Length  of  fixty  or  an  hundred  Feet, 
and  producegreatQuantities  of  Side- 
branches  s  by  which  mean%  in  a  vtry 
A  a  3  Ihofl 


c  o 

about  a  Fortnight  or  three  Weeks 
after  planting  they  will  begin  to 
(hoot,  when  the  GlafTes  muft  be 
raifed  on  one  Side  every  Day»  to  ad- 
mit frefh  Air  to  the  Plants ;  and  they 
muft  be  frequently  refrefhed  with 
Water  ;  but  it  fhoald  not  be  given 
them  in  large  Quantities,  until  the 
Plants  are  grown  pretty  ftrong,  left 
thereby  you  rot  the  Roots.  When 
the  Vines  have  fpread  fo  far  as  to 
reach  the  Sides  of  the  GlafTes,  the 
GUiTes  maft  be  raifed  with  three 
Bricks,  to  allow  room  for  the  Vines 
to  fpread ;  but  the  GlafTes  ihould  not 
be  taken  quite  away  from  the  Plants 
until  Juncy  when  the  Plants  will  be 
pad  Danger  of  Injury  from  the  Cold. 
As  thefeVines  fpread,  fo  the  Ground 
about  them  ihould  be  loolened  and 
raifed,  that  they  may  more  eafily 
ilrike  their  Roots  into  it;  and  in  dry 
Weather  the  Vines  ihould  be  water- 
ed all  over,  three  or  four  times  a 
Week ;  which  greatly  ftrengthen  the 
Plants,  and  caafe  the  Roots  which 
are  formed  at  each  Joint  of  the 
Vines,  to  grow  large  and  fair :  they 
mull  alfo  be  conftantly  kept  clear 
from  Weeds,  which,  if  fuffered  to 
grow  amongft  the  Plants,  will  over- 
bear and  greatly  weaken  or  deftroy 
them.  Thefe  Roots  muft  remain  un- 
didurbed  till  Autumn,  when  the  firft 
Approach  of  Froft  will  pinch  the 
tender. Lieaves  of  the  Vines,  at  which 
time  you  mufl  immediately  take  up 
the  Roots ;  for  if  the  Froft  (hould 
reach  them,  it  will  intirely  defbroy 
them.  Thefe  Roots  may  be  kept  in 
d  y  Sand,  in  a  warm  Place,  for  15^^ 
in  the  Winter ;  and  a  few  of  the 
founded  fnuA  be  preferved  to  make 
a  freHi  Plantation  in  the  Spring. 
^  The  Jalap,  whofe  Root  has  been 
^ong  ufed  in  Medicine  in  Eutoft^  is 
a  Native  of  the  Province  of  Halapm^ 
about  two  Days  Journey  from  La 
Ftra  Crftsa  in  the  Sjfafi(/S^  Wefi-lnditf^ 


c  O 

from  whence  the  Root  is  feat  li 
great  Quantities  every  Year  to  £•- 
rof€  \  but  it  is  of  late  that  the  Plant 
has  been  known  to  the  Eurtftant^ 
for  Dr.  Teumefirtf  upon  the  Infor- 
mation of  Father  Piwrner,  has  deli- 
vered it  as  one  of  the  Species  of  the 
Mwr*utlof?erUy  and  coniHtuted  the 
Genus  under  the  Title  of  Jalafa: 
.  but  my  late  learned  Friend  J^t.  HH- 
liam  Houftoun^  who  was  at  La  Vera 
Cruz  two  or  three  times,  procured 
fome  Plants  from  fJa/afa^  by  his  In- 
tereft  with  van  ingenious  Sfamiardi 
which  be  carried  to  Jamaica^  and 
planted  there  ;  by  which  he  was  in- 
formed truly  that  it  was  one  Species 
oiConvol<vuhUf2siidL  accordingly  gave 
it  the  Name  I  have  here  mentioned 
it  under* 

This,  and  moft  of  the  other  Sorts 
of  Convolvulus  here  mentioned, were 
found  in  feveral  Parts  of  Anurita^  by 
the  fore-mentioned  Dr.Hosifi§Ma,who 
fent  the  Seeds  of  them  into  Eag^ 
land,  where  they  have  been  culti- 
vated ;  but  as  moil  of  them  are 
abiding  Plants,  and  require  a  warn 
Stove  to  preferve  them  in  Winter, 
few  of  them  have  been  maintained 
here :  for  they  fpread  and  ramble  fo 
far,  that  few  Stoves  now  built  are 
tall  enough  to  contain  them ;  and  if 
they  are  intermixed  with  otherPlants^ 
they  will  twifi  themfelves  lound 
whatever  Plants ^row  near  them,and 
will  foon  overbear  and  deftroy  them, 
if  not  timely  prevented. 

All  thefe  Sorts  of  Con  volvulus  aie 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which  ihould 
be  fown  in  a  moderate  Hot-bed  early 
in  the  Spring:  thofe  Sorts  whi^ 
have  large  Seeds,  (hould  be  fown 
very  thin,  and  buried  deeper  in  tUt 
Earth,  than  thofe  which  have  fmall 
Seeds :  in  about  a  Fortnight  after 
they  are  fown,  the  Plants  will  begin 
to  appear  above-ground,  when  the 
Glaifes  of  (h^  Hot-bed  ihould  be 

xalfsd 


c  o 

every  Day.  to  admit  frefli  Air 
to  the  Plants;  otherwife  they  will 
draw  op  weak,  and  twifl  themfelves 
together,  ib  as  to  render  it  difHcult 
Id  feparate  them.     When  the  Plants 
are  aboat  three  Inches  high,  they 
Ihould  be  carefully  taken  up,  and 
each  planted  in  a  iinall  Pot  filled  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  then  plunged 
into  a  moderate  Hot-bed  of  Tan- 
sen  Bark,    obferving  to  (hade  the 
Glafies  every  Day  with  Mats,  until 
the  Plants  have  taken  new  Root  i 
after  which  time,  they  (hould  have  a 
large  Share  of  freih  Air;   and  in 
warm  Weather  th^  muft  be  fre- 
quently watered,     when  the  Plants 
nave  fUled  the  Pots  with  their  Roots, 
they  (hould  be  (haken  out,  and  plant- 
ed into  larger  Pots  filled  with  freih 
Earth,  and  then  placed  in  the  Stove, 
where  they  may  have  room  to  climb, 
and  their  Shoots  either  twilled  on  an 
Efpalier  made  in  the  back  Part  of 
the  Stove  for  thefe  and  other  ram- 
bling Plants,  or  elfe  fupported  with 
long  Stakes  ;    otherwife  they  will 
ramble  over  whatever  Plants  ftand 
near  them.  Some  of  thefe  Sorts  will 
produce  Flowers  the  firft  Seafon,  but 
others  will  not  flower  until  the  fe< 
cond  or  third  Year  ;  nor  will  they 
flower  kindly,  unlefs  they  have  a 
large  Share  of  frefh  Air,  efpecially 
in  warm  Weather.     Thefe  Plants 
will  continue  fcveral  Years,  provi* 
ded  they  are  managed  righdy  ;  and 
will   produce   Flowers   and   Seeds 
every  Year,  and  make  a  fine  Ap« 
pearance  in  the  Stove,  when  they  are 
lA  Flower. 

The  fifth,  fixtb,  feventh,  eighth, 
and  ninth  Sorts  are  annual,  and  are 
propagated  inGardens  for  theBe^ty 
of  their  Flowers :  thefe  arc  com- 
monly fown  on  anHot-bed  inMarchi 
and  afterwards  tranfp' anted  into  Bor- 
ders in  the  open  Air,  where  being 
^pported  by  tall  Stakes,  they  will 


c  o 

twift  ronnd  them,and  arlfe  to  a  great 
Height,  producing  great  Quantities 
of  fine  large  bell-fhaped  Flowers,and 
will  continue  flowering  until  the 
Froft  prevent  them. 

Thefe  may  all  be  raiied  in  the 
open  Ground,  except  the  ninth, 
which,  if  it  is  not  brought  forward 
in  the  Spring  by  an  Hot-bed,  feldom 
produces  ripe  Seeds :  the  reft  are 
very  hardy,  and  may  be  fown  to 
cover  Seats,  Arbours,  Pklifadocs,£s^r, 
which  they  will  do  in  a  (hort  time, 
and  continue  very  handfome  until 
the  Froft  deftroys  them :  the  feveral 
Varieties,  when  intermixed,  make  a 
beautiful  Appearance ;  but  the  ninth 
Sort  is  by  far  the  moft  beautiful  of 
them  all,  the  Flowers  of  this  being 
of  the  fineft  azure  blue  Colour. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  an  abiding  Plant, 
and  requires  a  Green-houfe  in  Win- 
ter :  this  will  grow  to  a  conflderable 
Height,  and  muft  be  fupported  by 
ftrong  Stakes :  it  Rowers  sdmoft  every 
Year  with  us ;  but  feldom  produces 
good  Seeds  in  England.  This  may 
be  propagated  by  laying  down  the 
tender  Branches  in  the  Spring,  which 
by  Autumn  will  have  fufiicient  Roots 
to  be  taken  off.  Thefe  muft  be  plant* 
ed  in  Pots  filled  with  frefh  light 
Earth,  and  fheltered  from  Frofts  in 
Winter  ;  but  muft  have  as  much  free 
Air  as  pofilble  in  mild  Weather,  and 
require  frequent  Waterings :  it  may 
alfo  be  propagated  by  Cuttings  in 
any  of  the  Summer-months. 

The  eleventh  Sort  is  very  com- 
mon in  the  hotter  Parts  of  Armrica^ 
where  it  is  known  by  the  Name  of 
5/tfw/){&  Arbour- vine :  it  is  by  the  In- 
habitants planted  to  cover  Arbours 
and  Seats,  for  which  Purpofe  it  is 
very  proper  :  for  in  thefe  Countries 
one  of  thefe  Plants  will  grow  to  the 
Length  of  fixty  or  an  hundred  Feet^ 
and  produce  greatQuaniitics  of  Side- 
branches  ^  by  which  means  in  a  y^vy 
A  a  3  ihoH 


k 


CO  CO 

fliort  tiinc,  it  will  cover  a  large  Scat :  with  frcfti  fandy  SoH,  and  mtift  ke 

this  Plant  produces  in  America  great  ihcltcred  in  Winter  from  the  Frofb, 

Quantities  of  large  fragrant  yellow  bat  require  open  free  Air  at  all  tkaes 

Flowers,  which  arc  each  of  them  when  the  Weather  t5  miW. 

facceeded    by  three  large  angular  The  fifteenth  Sort  is  apeitnmal 

Seeds.  It  is  a  very  tender  Plant  with  Plant,  which  increafa  greatly  by  its 

Qs,  and  cannot  be  prefcrvcd  but  in  creeping  Roots :   this  grows  ercft 

warm  Stoves  through  the  Winter ;  about  eight  or  ten  Inches  higji,  and 

nor  hath  it  as  yet  produced  any  producei    Flowers   fomcwhat  like 

Flowers  in  England,  that  I  know  of:  thofe  of  our  leffer  wild  Kind ;  but 

it  rifes  eafily  from  the  Seeds,  if  they  feldom  produces  good  Seeds  with  us  i 

are  fown  in  an  Hot-bed,  and  will  tho'  the  Plant  may  be  abundantly 

grow  to  a  great  Length  in  one  Sum*  multiplied  by  partmg  the  Roots :  it 

mer ;  and  although  I  have  fometimetf  is  ytry  hardy,   and  loves  a  light 

preferved  it  for  two  Years,  and  the  Soil. 

Plants  have  fpread  to  a  greatLength,  CONYZA,  Flea-bane, 

yet  I  could  never  perceive  any  at-  The  Cbaraffers  arc  ? 

tempt  to  flower.  //  hatb  uneRvided  Leaves^  vohicb. 

The  twelfth  and  thirteenth  Sorts  fir  the  moft  fart ^  are  glutirtnu^  ami 

are  annual  ;  but  thefe  do  not  climb  ha*ve  a  ftrong  Scent :  the  Cap  tf  ih 

as  the  others :  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Flower  is^  for  the  moft  part^  fcaly^ 

Plants  may  be  fown  in  open  Borders  and  of  a  cylindrical  Form  :  the  Flower 

in  March  or  Jfril^  where  they  will  is  compo/edofmanjFkrett,  which  arf 

come  up  ytty  well ;  and  may  be  af-  fuc reeded  hy  Seeds ^   ivhich  have  a 

terwards  tranfplanted  to  a  greater  downy  Suhjfance  adhering  to  them:  t$ 

Diflance,  to  adorn  the  Borders  of  a  which  Notes  Jhould  he  added^  fhe 

Pleafure- garden  ;  but  thefe  do  better  Lea*ves  gronvimg  alternately ;  hy  which 

when  they  are  fown  where  they  arc  //  is  diftinguijhed from  Eupatorium. 

to  remain.     Thefe  Plants  trail  upon  The  Species  are ; 

the  Ground,  if  they  are  not  fupport-  i .  Con  yza  major  'vulgaris,  C  B* 

ed,and  produce  their  beautiful  flow-  Common  great  Flea-bane. 

ers  through  mod  of  the  Summer-  2.  Con  yza  minor,  flore  ghhfe, 

months.  C.  B.    Leffer  Flea  bane,  with  glo- 

The  fourteenth  Sort  is  an  abiding  bular  Flowers. 

Plant,  which  with  us  grows  upright  3.  Con  yza  Americana^  lanni  ft- 

to  be  three  or  four  Feet  high  :  the  lio,Toum.  American  Flea-bane,  with 

Branches  are  fet  very  thick,with  long  Leaves  of  the  Dead-nettle. 

narrow  filvcr-colour'd  Leaves,  which  '  4.  Con  yza  mas  Theophrafti^  tna* 

make  a  fine  Appearance  all  ihcYear;  jor  Diojcoridis,    C.  B,     The  greater 

and  the  Flowers  grow  upon  thcTops  Flea-banc  of  Diofcnrides. 

of  the  Branches  in  an  Umbel,  which  5.  Contza  Cretica  fmticnfa,  fl' 

are  white.  Thefe  Flowers  are  fome-  Ho  mollis  candidiffimo,  iff  tomentofo, 

times  fucccedcd  by  angular  Seeds  Flor,  Shrubby  Flea- banc  from  0//f, 

like  the  other  Kinds :  it  may  be  pro-  wiA  foft  downy  white  Leaves. 

pagated  by  planting  Cuttings  in  any  6.  Con  yza  fruticofit,  cifii  odsre^ 

of  the  Summer  months,  obferving  Jlorihus  pallidf  purpweis,  fummitati' 

to  water  and  fhade  them  until  they  bus  ramulorum  injtdtntihvs^  cafitarts 

have  taken  Root;    at  which  time  (^ femineminorihus,  SJean.Git.Janr, 

they  mull  be  planted  in  Pot$  filled  Shrubby  i^CormV^Fiea- banc,  ftnelN 

iiig 


c  o 

tug  like  the  Rock-rofe,  with  pale- 
porple  Flowers  growing  on  the  Top 
of  die  Bnuichesy  and  fmaller  Heads 
and  Seeds. 

7.  CovYZA  /rtitic$/af  cifii  Oiton, 
flmbrnt  paUide  furpureis^  fummitati' 
^  rmHuUrum  infidtntihusy  capitulis 
\S femint  majorihut.  Sioan,Cat,Jam, 
%\axA]hy  American  Flea- bane,  fmell- 
|ng  like  the  Rock-rofe»  with  pale- 
porple  Flowers  growing  on  the  Top 
of  the  Branches^  and  krger  Heads 
and  Seeds. 

8.  CoNYSA  arhcrefcent  iomentofa^ 
fiUis  0bi9Mgis,  floribus  in/nmmi/atibus 
ramui^rum  racewtofii  fyorjis  albican" 
tiht.  Bouft,  Woolly  tree-like  Flea- 
bane,  with  longifh  Leaves,  and  white 
Flowers,  growing  in  thin  Bunches 
on  the  Top  of  the  Branches. 

9.  CoNYZA  fruufctnsy  fl$re  htn 
wmhtllat9.  Hfuji,  Shrubby  American 
Flea-bane,  with  yellow  Flowers, 
growing  in  an  Umbel. 

10.  Con YZ  A  arborefcenSy  foliis  oh- 
ifngis,  Jloribus  Jinguliiy  tnhas  Jtofcu' 
Us  conftaniibus.  Houfi.  Tree-like 
American  Flea-bane,  with  longifh 
Leaves,  and  each  Flower  has  con- 
fcmtly  three  Florets. 

11.  Co  N  Y  z  A  fcandent^  lauri  fo' 
iiis  a/^risy  eapitulisjpicatis  r^tuniis^ 
fmhut  aOfis,  Houfi,  Climbing  Amc- 
rican  Flea-bane,  with  rough  Bay- 
leaves,  and  white  Flowers  growing 
on  round  Spikes. 

12.  CoNYZA  fruiicofa^  flore  pal" 
lide  pnrpureOy  capitulis  e  lateribut  ra- 
»stlorum  fpicatim  exeuntibus.  Sloan. 
^.  Jam.  Shrubby  American  Flea- 
}»nc,with  pale- purple  Flowers  grow- 
ing in  Spikes  from  the  Side  and  at 
the  Top  of  the  Branches. 

13.  CovYZA  major  odor  at  a  ^  fi^i 
Baecharij^  ftribui  purfuriis  nudis. 
6loan.Cat,7am,  Greater  fweet-fmell- 
^g  Flea-bane,  with  naked  purple 


c  o 

14.  CoNYZA  major  snodora,  heli^ 
nii  folio  integro,  Jicco  {jT  duro^  cicho-' 
rii  Jlore  alboy  iramomm  lateribut 
exeunte,  Sloan,  Cat,  Greater  unfa- 
voury  Flea-bane,  with  hard  dry  Ele- 
campane-leaves, and  white  Flow- 
ers growing  from  the  Side  of  the 
Branches. 

15.  Qonrzk  Jruiicofay  folio  Ar- 
ftato^  flori  paUide  purpweo,  Sloan. 
Cat,  Jam.  Shrubby  American  Flea- 
bane,  with  a  fpear-fliaped  Leaf,  and 
a  pale-purple  Flower. 

16.  CoNYZA  latifolia  ^fcrfafua* 
veohnsj  flore  aureo  ex  Gallo*  Provpt'- 
cia.  In}.  R.  H.  Broad-leav'd  vif- 
cous  fweet-fcented  Flea-bane,  with 
a  yellow  Flower,  from  Pr9veuci  in 
France, 

1 7.C011  YZ  A  herbaciMy  uasle  alato, 
faUcis  foli9y  floribus  umbellatls  pur^ 
pureis  minoribuj,  Houfi,  Herbaceous 
American  Flea-bane,  with  a  Willow- 
leaf,  and  fmaller  purple  Flowers 
growing  in  an  Umbel. 

18.  CoNYZA  0/^«/«,  bellidisfi* 
H^  'villofo  V  'vifcofo,  Houft.  Sweet- 
fmelling  Flea-bane,  withavifcous 
hairy  Daify-leaf. 

19.  Co  N  Y  z  A  fympbjti  facUy  florg 
luteo.  Houft,  American  Flea-bane, 
with  the  Face  of  Comfrey,  and  a  yel- 
low Flower. 

20.  CoNYZA  Hnari^  folioy  fieri' 
bus  pam}is  fpicatis  albis,  Houft,  Ame* 
rican  Flea-bane,  with  a  Toadflax- 
leaf,  and  fmall  white  Flowers  gnow^ 
ipg  in  Spikes. 

The  firil  of  thefe  Species  is  found 
wild  upon  diy  chalky  Hills  in  divers 
Parts  of  England^  and  is  feldom  cul- 
tivated in  Gardens :  it  is  a  biennial 
Plant,  being  fown  in  the  Spring :  it 
flowers  the  fecond  Year,  and  after 
producing  Sbeds  it  decays.  This 
Sort  is  fometimes  ufed  in  Medicine. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  on  boggy 

Places,  or  where  the  Water  has  ftood 

Aa  4  all 


c  o 

all  ihcWintcr,  in  many  Parts  ofEag" 
land:  it  may  be  propagated  in  a 
Garden  by  (owing  the  Seeds  foon 
after  they  are  ripe.  This  Plant  is 
annual.  This  Species  is  alfo  fome- 
times  ufed  in  Medicine. 

The  third  Sort  is  very  common 
in  Barbados^  and  many  other  Parts 
Qi  America  ;  it  very  often  comes  up 
in  great  Plenty  in  the  Earth  that  is 
brought  from  tlience.  This  is  an 
annual  Plant,  and  mud  be  fown  in 
an  Hot-bed.;  and  managed  as  hath 
been  diredted  for  the  Balfumina^  to 
which  I  refer  the  Reader. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  faid  to  grow  io 
great  Plenty  about  Montpelier  :  this 
•  is  fomewhat  like  the  fi  rll  Sort,  and 
may  be  propagated  by  fowing  the 
Seeds  foon  afier  they  are  ripe/ which 
will  Bower  the  fucceeding  Summer; 
andf  after  perfeding  its  Seeds,  de- 
cays. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  an  abiding  Plant, 
which  with  us  feldom  rifes  above 
eighteen  Inches  high, but  hath  woody 
Branches ;  the  Leaves  are  very  white 
and  foft,  which  renders  them  very 
agreeable  when  intermixed  with  dif- 
ferent-colour'd  Plants  in  large  Bor- 
ders ;  but  the  flowers  have  no  great 
Beauty  in  them.  This  Plant  is  pretty 
hardy,  and  will  endure  the  Cold  of 
cur  ordinary  Winters  in  the  open 
Borders,  aud  may  be  propagated  by 
planting  Cuttings  in  Summer  ;  for  it 
never  feeds  in  England, 

The  fixteenih  Sort  is  a  wtry  hardy 
Plant,  and  will  endure  the  Cold  of 
our  Winters  in  England  yery  well : 
this  Sort  feldom  continues  longer 
than  two  or  three  Years ;  fo  fhould 
be  fown  every  other  Year  to  pre- 
ferve  the  Kind  :  this  produces  plenty 
of  Seeds  in  England,  which  if  per- 
mitted to  fcatcer,  the  Plants  will 
come  up  without  any  farther  Care, 
,4tcd  wsy  be  tranfplanted  po  th^Flaccs 
W^cr^  they  are  to  r^m^. 


c  o 

The  eighteenth  Sort  is  an  innnaf 
Plant,  which  (hould  be  raifed  on  a 
moderate  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring; 
and  in  Summer  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted into  the  open  Air,  where 
they  will  flower,  and  produce  ripe 
Seeds :  but  as  there  is  little  Beauty 
in  this  Plant,  it  is  rarely  prefeivcd 
but  in  Botanic  Gardens. 

The  feventeenth,  nineteenth,  and 
twentieth  Sorts  are  herbaceousPlants, 
which  have  annual  Stalk8,and  peren- 
nial Roots.  The  others  are  all  fhrub- 
by  Plants,  which  make  a  pretty  Va- 
riety in  the  Stove,  where  there  is 
room  to  admit  them. 

Tbcfe  fhrobby  Flea-banes  are  Na- 
tives of  the  JVeft'Indies,  where  they 
ufually  grow  about  fix  or  feven  Feet 
high,'  and  fome  of  the  Tree- kinds 
ten  or  twelve  Feet  high,  and  divide 
into  many  Branches.  They  are  all 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which  fhould 
be  fown  foon  after  they  are  ripe; 
for  as  they  Mfve  light  downy  Seeds, 
they  will  not  retain  their  growing 
Quality  very  long.  If  the  Seeds  arc 
fown  in  Autumn,  they  will  remain 
in  the  Ground  all  the  Winter,  and 
the  Plants  will  appear  the  following 
Spring ;  but  then  the  Pots,  in  which 
the  Seeds  are  fown,  fhould  be  plung'd 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
and  fecured  from  Cold,  otherwife 
the  Seeds  will  perifh  in  Winter :  and 
when  the  Seeds  are  kept  out  of  the 
Ground  till  Spring,  they  feldom 
grow :  but  as  thefe  Plants  rarely  pro- 
duce Seeds  in  this  Country,  the  foreft 
Method  to  obtain  them  is  to  have 
their  Seeds  fown  in  a  Box  of  Earth 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  in  their  na* 
tivc  Country,  and  fent  ovef  to  Eng* 
land.  When  thefe  Tubs  of  Ear* 
arrive,  they  fhould  be  plunged  int^ 
a  moderate  Hot -bed  of  T^nen 
Bark,  and  frequently  refrefhed  wit^ 
Water^  which  will  focn  bring  vp 


c  o 

the  Plants,  if  their  Seeds  were  not 
deilroyed  in  their  PafTage. 

When  the  Plants  begin  to  appear 
mbove-groondy   the  GlafTes  of  the 
Hot-bed  fhould  be  raifed  every  Day 
In  warm  Weather,  to  admit  frclh  Air 
to  the  Plants ;  otherwife  they  will 
draw  up  weak,  and  be  foon  fpoiled  : 
they  muft  alfo  be  frequently  rcfrefh- 
cd  with  Water  in  warm  Weather ; 
for  they  are  all  very  thirfty  Plants, 
snoft  of  them  naturally  growing  in 
low  fwampy  Grounds.    When  the 
Planes  are  grown  about  two  Inches 
high,  they  fhould  be  carefully  taken 
np,  and  each  planted  in  a  feparate 
Pot  filled  with  freih  light  Earth,  and 
plnnged  into  a  moderate  Hoc  bed  of 
Tanners  Bark ;  obferving  to  (hade 
the  GlalTes  of  the  Hot  bed  every  Day 
with  Mat8»  to  fcreeh  the  Plants  from 
the  Heat  of  the  Sun,  until  they  have* 
taken  new  Root ;  after  which  time 
they  muft  have  a  large  ^hare  of  frefh 
Air,    as  alfo  a  great  Quantity  of 
Moiftur^  in  warm  Weather.  In  Win- 
ter thefe  Plants  mud  be  placed  in  the 
Stove,  where  they  may  enjoy  a  mo- 
derate Warmth ;  for  if  they  are  kept 
too  hot,  they  will  make  weak  Shoots 
in  Winter,  which  will  render  them 
very  unfighily.     In  Summer  thefe 
Plants  muft  have  a  large  Share  of 
frefli  Ah  ;   but  they  muft  not  be 
placed  in  the  open  Air ;  for  they  are 
too  tender  to  thrive  abroad  in  this 
Climate. 

Thefe  Plants  will  produce  their 
Flowers  in  two  or  three  Years  after 
they  are  raifed,  and  will  continue 
many  Years,  provided  they  are  carc- 
ifuJly  managed,  and  will  flower  an- 
noally  toward  the  Latter- part  of  the 
Summer. 

The  herbaceous  Kinds  muft  be 
propagated  in  the  fame  manner  as 
hath  been  direfted  for  the  woody 
Xmds;  but  thefe  will  decay  annually 
po  tlve  Surface^  and  rife  again  every 


c  o 

spring  from  the  Root.  When  th(8 
green  Shoots  begin  to  decay,  the 
Plants  fhould  not  be  over-watered, 
left  thereby  the  Roots  ftiould  be  rot- 
ted 5  but,  during  the  time  of  their 
Growth,they  muft  be  plentifully  wa- 
tered. The  furcft  Method  to  have 
thefe  Plants  produce  their  Flowers, 
is,  to  plunge  the  Pots  into  a  mode- 
rate Hot 'bed  of  Tanners  Bark  in 
the  Spring;  obferving  to  let  them 
have  a  large  Share  of  Air  in  warm 
Weather,  to  prevent  their  (hooting 
too  weak,  and  water  them  frequent- 
ly ;  with  this  Management  they  will 
produce  their  Flowers  every  Year : 
but  as  they  rarely  produce  ripe  Seed^ 
in  England f  the  Pots  muft  be  re- 
moved into  the  Stove  in  Winter  to 
preferve  their  Roots,  which  may  be 
parted  in  the  Spring,  at  the  time 
when  they  arc  plunged  into  the  Hot- 
bed ;  by  which  Method  they  may  be 
increafed. 

CONSERVATORY.  VideGtecn^ 
houfe. 

CONVAL-LILY.  T/V/^Conval- 
laria. 

COPAIBA,  The  Bal&m  of  Ca- 
pevi-trec. 

The  CharaQers  are  \ 

It  hatb  a  Flo*wer  confifting  of  five 
Lea^ves^  *whicb  expands  in  form  of  a 
Rofe :  the  Point al  it  fixed  in  the  Cen^ 
tre  of  the  Fionjoerj  ivhieh  afterguard, 
becomes  a  Fcd\  in  luhicb  are  contain^ 
cd  one  or  fwo  Seeds ^  ichich  are  fur^ 
rounded  ixitb  a  Pulp  of  a  yellvw  Ca^ 
lour. 

We  know  but  one  Sort  of  this 
Tree ;  which  is. 

Copaiba  folio  fuhrotundo,  Jhre 
ruhrq.  The  Balfam  of  Capevi,  with 
a  roundifti  Leaf,  and  a  red  Flower. 

This  Tree  grows  near  a  Village 
called  Ayapely  in  the  Province  of  An- 
tiocbi^  in  the  Spanijh  lVeft-lndics\ 
th's  is  about  ten  Days  Journey  from 
Cartbagena,  There  are  great  Num- 
bers 


c  o 

ben  of  tWe  Trees  in  the  Wood* 
about  this  Village^  which  grow  to 
the  Height  of  khy  or  fixty  Feet : 
fome  of  thefe  Trees  do  not  yield  any 
of  the  Balfam  ;  thofe  which  do,  are 
diftingui(h*d  >by  a  Ridge  which  runs 
along  their  Trunks;  thefe  Trees  are 
wounded  in  their  Centre,  and  they 
]^ce  Calabafh-fhelis,  or  fome  other 
Veflehf  to  the  wounded  Part*  to  re- 
ceive the  Balfam,  which  will  all  flow 
out  in  a  fhort  time.  One  of  tbefe 
Trees  will  yield  five  or  fix  Gallons 
of  the  Baliam;  but  though  thefe 
Trees  will  thrive  well  after  being 
tappM,  vet  they  never  afiford  any 
more  fialCun. 

As  this  Balfiun  is  ufed  in  Medi- 
dne,  it  deferves  our  Application'  to 
procure  the  Trees,  and  cultivate 
them  in  fome  of  the  EngUJh  Colonies 
Kii  America  I  for  as  the  Englijh  are 
poflefled  of  Lands  in  fo  many  differ- 
ent Latitudes,  they  might  Cultivate 
jnoft  Kinds  of  Trees  and  Plants, 
from  the  different  Parts  of  thcWorld, 
which  are  ufed  in  Medicine,  Dyeing, 
or  for  any  other  Purpofe  of  Life. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Tree  were 
brought  from  the  Country  of  their 
Growth  by  Mrv  Robert  Millar^  Sur- 
geon, who  fowed  a  Part  of  them  in 
Jamaica^  which  he  informed  me  had 
fucceeded  ycry  well ;  fo  that  we  may 
Iiope  to  have  thefe  Trees  propagated 
in  great  Plenty  in  a  few  Years,  in 
fome  of  the  Englijh  Colonies,  if  the 
Slothfnlnefs  of  the  Inhabitants  doth 
not  fufiFer  them  to  perifh,  as  they 
]iaTe  the  Cinnamon-tree,  and  fome 
other  ufeful  Plants,  which  have  been 
carried  thither  by  curious  Perfons. 

There  are  not  at  prefent  any  of 
thefe  Trees  in  Europe^  that  I  can 
Jeam  ;  for  thofe  Seeds  which  Mr. 
JulilUur  fent  over  to  England  were  all 
dcftroyed  by  Infects  in  their  PaiFage, 
16  that  not  one  fucceeded  in  the  fe- 
vera!  Places  where  they  were  ib^n : 


c  0 

bat  could  frL<h  Seeds  be  pfocnred, 
the  Plants  might  be  raifed  in  Eng* 
land^  and  preferved  in*  the  Bark- 
iloves  vtx'i  well ;  for  the  Count7 
of  their  Growth  is  much  more  tem- 
perate than  many  others,  froa 
whence  we  have  been  furnifhed  i^ 
a  great  Variety  of  Plants,  which  foe* 
ceed  ytty  well  in  the  Stores ;  and 
fome  of  them  arrive  to  a  great  De- 
gree of  Perfed^ion. 

CORALLODENDRON,    Tic 
Coral-tree. 

The  CharaBirs  are ; 

h  hath  the  Afpearance  of  a  Tret: 
the  Leaves^  for  the  moft  part^  confift 
of  three  Lobes  :  the  Flotverj  are  /«- 
pilionaceout :  the  Standard^  or  Vexil- 
lum,  is  long^  andjbaped  like  a  Sfwerd: 
the  JVings  on  each  Side,  and  the  Keel, 
or  Carina,  are  veryjhort :  the  Flovh 
'  ers  are  fucceeded  hy  knobby  Hvaki 
Pods,  ivhicb  contain  federal  bhtj- 
Jhaped  Seeds, 

The  Species  arc ; 

I.    CORALLODENDRON    triphjllu 

Americanum  fpinofum,  fiore  rnbcrri- 
mo,  Tourn.  The  three-leav'd  Ame- 
rican Coral -tree,  with  deep-red  Flow- 
ers, commonly  called  in  America  die 
Bean-tree. 

2.C0RALLODENDROK  Americannm 
nonfpinofum,  foliis  magis  acuminatis, 
flore  kngiore  :  An,  Coral  arbor  ntn 
fpimfa,fiore  longiore  W  magis  clanfe, 
Sloan,  tjtt.  yam.  American  Coral- 
tree  without  Spines,  having  fharp- 
pointed  Leaves,  and  long  Flowers. 

3.  CoRALLODENDRON    CaroHniM' 

num,  paribus  fficatis  coccineis,  ra* 
dice  crajfijpma.  Thick-rooted  Gwv- 
lina  Coral- tree,  with  fcarlet  Flowers 
growing  in  Spikes. 

4.  C0RALl,0D£NDR0N^/r/^il^//iai 

Americannm  minus,  fpinis  i^feminihm 
nigricantibus,  Inft,  R,  //.  Leffer 
three-leav'd  Coral-tree,  with  black 
Seeds  and  Spines. 

5.  Co- 


c  o 

,  J.  ConALLODENDRON  irifhylbm 
Jmgficanum  nou  ffinofwm^  foliis  acu^ 
ii§nhmstfl$rt  pallida  rubente.  Three- 
Inv^d  Ammcam  Coral'tree  without 
Spinea,  having  pointed  Leaves^  and 
pnlc-n»i  Flowers. 

•  6.  CoRALLODBNDRON  trlphyllum 
AmerieamMm^  camJicibf  nervis  filio' 
rtm  ffin»Ju  armatiu  Three-leav'd 
JmericdM  Coral- tree»whofe  Stalk  and 
the  Nerves  of  the  Leaves  are  armed 
with  Spines. 

The  iirft  and  fecond  Species  mw 
with  ns  to  eight  or  ten  Feet  high, 
with  ftroog  woody  Stems,  and  pro- 
mote very  beantifal  fcarlet  Flowers ; 
but  never  produce  any  Seeds  in  the 
Emrtfean  Gardens,  as  I  can  hear  of. 
They  may  be  raisM  by  fowing  their 
Seeds,  which  are  frequently  brought 
horn  Jmerica  in  an  Hot-bed,  in  die 
Spring  of  the  Year,  which  will  very 
cafily  come  op.  The  young  Plants 
ihould,  when  they  are  five  or  iix 
Inches  high,  be  carefully  tranfplant* 
cd  into  Pots  of  freih  light  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed,  ob- 
ferving  to  (hade  them  from  the  Heat 
of  the  Sun,  until  they  have  taken 
£reih  Root ;  after  which  they  (hould 
have  Air  given  them,  by  raifing  up 
the  GlafTcs  in  the  Day-time,  wlten 
the  Weather  is  warm ;  and  in  July 
and  Augufi  they  Ihould  have  a  greater 
Share  of  Air,  in  order  to  harden 
them  before  Winter ;  and  in  Septem' 
hit  they  ihould  be  removed  into  the 
Stove,  and,  during  the  Winter-fea- 
fon,  ihould  have  but  little  Water 
given  them ;  for  they  commonly  caft 
their  Leaves  in  Winter,and  pu(h  them 
out  frelh  the  fucceeding  Spring. 

Thefe  Plants  may  alfo  be  propa- 
gated by  plantiog  Cuttings  in  any  of 
the  Summer-months,  which  ihould 
be  put  into  Pots  filled  with  frelh  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  a  moderate 
Hot-bed  of  Tannen  Bark,  obferv- 
ia{  to  Aade  the  Glafics  \ia  the  lieat 


c  o 

ef  the  Day,  and  to  give  them  ges^i 
tie  Refreihings  with  Water,  as  tbo 
Earth  in  the  Pots  is  found  to  dry.  In 
three  Months  time  thefe  Cuttings 
will  have  fufiicient  Roots  to  tranf- 
plant ;  at  which  time  they  muil  be 
put  each  into  a  fingle  Pot,  and 
plunged  again  into  the  Hot-bed,  and 
managed  as  was  direded  for  the  Seed- 
ling-plants. 

In  four  or  five  Years  time  theib 
Plants  will  produce  Flowers,  if  they 
are  preferv^  in  a  moderate  Warmth 
all  the  Winter  j  for  if  they  are  kept 
too  warm,  they  are  fubjeA  to  grow 
aU  the  Winter,  and  the  Shoots  ^i^iU 
be  thereby  drawn  too  weak  to  pro- 
duce Flowers ;  and  if  they  are  kept 
too  cold,  they  frequently  lofe  their 
,  tender  Buds,  which  ihould  produce 
the  Flowers :  therefore  if  they  are 
kept  up  to  the  temperate  Point 
markVl  on  the  Botanic  Thermorae^ 
ter  during  the  Winter- feafon,  they 
will  fucceed  very  well :  thefe  Sorts 
always  produce  their  Flowers  before 
the  Leaves  appear. 

The  third  Sort  was  raisM  from 
Seeds,  which  were  feat  from  Girv- 
Una  by  Mr.  Cat^^  Anno  1724, 
This  Plant  feldom  rifes  above  three 
Feet  high  with  us,  and  hath  large 
knobbed  Roots  ;  the  Flowers  are  pro<« 
duced  in  Spikes  upon  the  Branches^ 
in  the  Summer  -  feafon,  when  the 
Plant  is  alrooft  deftitute  of  Leaves  1 
but  it  never  produces  ripe  Seeds  with 
us. 

This  Plant  is  fomewhat  hardier 
than  the  other  ttfo  Species,  and  may 
be  kept  in  a  leifer  Degree  of  Heat 
in  Winter,  and  be  expofed  to  the 
open  Air  during  the  Months  ofjmif^ 
July^  and  Auguft.  I  have  not  been 
able  yet  to  propagate  this  Plant  by 
Cuttings. 

Of  this  there  are  two  Varieties, 
one  with  a  deep-fcarlet,  and  the  other 
a  pJc-rcd  Flower  :  neither  of  thefe 

branch 


c  o 

branch  out  as  the  other  Sorts,  bnt 
generally  rife  with  one  Shoot  from 
die  Root ;  at  the  Extremity  of  which 
the  Flowers  are  produced  in  a  long 
Spike. 

The  Seeds  of  the  three  laft-men- 
tionM  Sorts  were  brought  from  Car^ 
thagnta  by  Mr.  Robert  Millar  :  from 
thefe  many  Plants  have  been  raifed 
in  the  EngUJh  Gardens :  thefe  rife  to 
the  Height  of  feven  or  eight  Feet, 
and  fhoot  out  many  irregular 
Branches,  which,  of  the  fourth  and 
£fcn  Sorts,  are  (Irongly  armed  with 
Spines :  neither  of  thefe  have  yet 
produced  Flowers  in  England ^  fo  far 
as  I  can  learn :  thefe  may  be  propa- 
gated in  the  fame  manner  as  the  for- 
mer, but  are  lefs  hardy. 

CORCHORUS,  Jcws-mallow. 
The  CbaraBers  are ; 

7he  Leagues  are  produced  alternately 
at  the  Joints  of  the  Stalks :  the  Cup 
€f  the  Fhnver  confifts  of  five  Leagues: 
the  Flonxjer  hath  fve  Leaws^iuhich 
expand  in  form  of  a  Rofe  :  the  Poin* 
tal  of  the  Flvwer  becomes  a  cylindrical 
Fruity  tuhich  is  di<vidid  into  fi^e  Cells ^ 
mahich  art  filled  nuith  angular  Seeds . 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Co RCH  o RU s  fi*ve  Melochia,  y, 
S.    Common  Jews-mallow. 

2.  CoRCHORUS  Americana^  car* 
ifini  foliiSf  fextuplici   capfula   pr^r* 

hnga,  Pluk,  ^^^wfrrrNw  Jews*  mailowy 
with  Leaves  like  the  Hornbeam,  with 
long  Pods. 

3.  CoRCHORUS  Americana y  pra* 
iongis  foliiSy  capfula  firiata  fubro- 
tunda  bre*vi,  Pluk,  •  American  Jews- 
mallow,  with  long  Leaves,  and  ihort 
roundilh  furrowed  Pods. 

4.  CoRCHORUS  Orient  alls  ^  bre- 
nnvrihns  foliis^  flore  flatuo,fru£lu  ca- 
ryophylloide  longiori.  Pluk,  Eaftern 
Jews- mallow,  with  fhort  Leaves,  and 
long  Pods  (haped  like  a  Clove. 

The  firft  Species,  Rawwolf  fays, 
U  fown  in  great  PJeoty  about  Aleffo^ 


c  o 

as  a  Pot-herb;  the^^rwiboiliig^ 
Leaves  of  this  Plant  to  eat  widi  d9 
Meat:  this  he'fuppofes'  to  be de 
Olus  Judaicum  ofAwcemsta,  vdtk 
Corchorum  of  Pliny. 

This  Plant  grows  in  the  Ea/tmL 
Weft' Indies^  from  both  which  Ffates 
I  have  feveral  times  received  de 
Seeds.  In  the  Eaft-Indtei  the  IM 
is  ofed  in  the  fame  manner  as  in  tk 
Lenjont^  as  I  have  been  infonied] 
but  I  do  not  hear,  that  it  is  ofed  i^ 
the  Inhabitants  of  Amtrica, 

The  Varieties  of  this  Plant  m 
preferved  in  curious  Botanic  Ganka 
to  add  to  their  Number  of  Plaati; 
it  being  of  no  great  Beauty  or  Ufe 
with  us,  is  feldom  propagated  ia 
other  Gardens. 

They  are  all  of  them  annua!,  asd 
muft  be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed  €»if 
in  the  Spring,  and  afterward  trated 
as  the  Female  Balfamine ;  to  whkfa 
I  (hall  refer  the  Reader  for  didr 
Culture.  They  delight  in  a  rich  Soil, 
and  muft  have  frequent  Wat^ingsiii 
dry  Weather. 

Their  Flowers  are  produced  la 
June  and  Jsdy^  and  their  Seeds  nfca 
in  September, 

CORDIA,  The  Sebeften. 
The  CharaSeri  are  $ 

^he  Flonuer  is  of  one  Leetf^  msbich 
is  funnel'ft}aped^  and  is  exfamded  et 
the  Brimy  nvhere  it  is  flightlt  nU  inN 
fi<ue  or  fix  Parts :  the  Pohetal^  <ufhich 
is  fituatcd  in  the  Middle  of  the  Em- 
falementj  aftemjoard  becomes  es  globn' 
lar  Fruity  pointed  at  one  End ;  ^u^^ 
is  divided  into  tnno  Cells^  in  each  ^ 
ivhich  is  included  one  oblong  Seed, 

This  Genus  of  Plants  was  confti* 
tuted  by  Father  Plssmier,  who  ^ve 
it  this  Name  of  Cordia,  in  Honour 
to  Falerins  Cordasy  an  eminent  Boa- 
nift  of  the  16th  Century. 
The  Species  are ; 

t.  Cord  I A  tmcis  jugloM^.  fdtty 
fiore  purfwreQ*  Plwm*  Nov,  G^n.  Cqi^ 


CO 

Uia  with  a  Walnut-tree-leaf,  and  a 
purple  Flower. 

a.    Cord  I A  filtij  /ubovatis  fer* 

Tatm^diniatis.  Idn.Hort.  Cliff.    Cor- 

4lia.  with  oval,  ferrated,  and  indented 


This  Sort  is  by  moft  Botanifts  be- 
lieved to  be  the  Myxa  of  Cafal- 
fitms  ;  which  is  the  true  Sebeften  Qf 
the  Shops :  the  Fruit  of  which  was 
formerly  ufed  in  Medicine,  but  of 
late  Years  has  been  feldom  brought 
to  England\  therefore  is  rarely  or- 
dered. In  the  Bahama  IJlands^  where 
this  Tree  grows  in  plenty,  they  call 
it  the  Lignum  Aloes;  the  Wood  of 
this  Tree  having  a  grateful  Odour, 
fomewhat  like  diat  of  the  Lignum 
Aloes.  If  this  is  the  fame  wich 
theMyxa,  as  it  is  generally  fuppofed, 
it  g;row6  in  Egypty  Malabar^  and  fe- 
verai  Parts  ofJmerica ;  and  is  chiefly 
Sound  in  low  marihy  Lands. 

The  firft  Sort  was  difcovered  by 
Father  P/umiir,  in  fome  of  the 
French  IHands  in  Amtrica ;  and  fince 
was  found  in  the  Bay  of  Campechy^ 
"by  Mr.  Robert  Millar^  who  fent  the 
Seeds  to  England.  This  Sort  grows 
to  the  Height  of  eighteen  or  twenty 
Feet  in  the  natural  Places  where  it 
is  found  wild :  but  the  fecond  Sort 
is  feldom  above  eight  or  ten  Feet 
highland  commonly  rifes  with  many 
Stems  from  the  Root. 

Tbefe  Plants,  being  Natives  of 
wann  Countries,  are  too  tender  to 
live  thro^  the  Winter  in  this  Country, 
imlefs  they  are  preferved  in  a  Stove. 
They  are  both  propaguted  by  Seeds, 
which  muft  be  procured  from  the 
Countries  of  their  natural  Growth  ; 
£oT  they  never  produce  any  in  Eng- 
land,    Thefe  Seeds  mufl  be  fown 
in  fmall  Pots,  which  mud  be  plunged 
into  a  good  Hot-bed  of  Tanners 
Bark  in  the  Spring ;  and  if  the  Seeds 
are  frefli  and  good,  the  Plants  will 
begin  to  appear  in  five  or  fix  Weeks 


c  o 

after.  Thefe  muft  be  brought  for- 
ward in  the  Hot -bed,  by  being 
treated  as  other  tender  Exotic  Plants ; 
obferving  frequently  to  water  them, 
as  they  are  aquatic  Plants;  and  in 
Juljy  if  the  Plants  have  made  much 
Advance, .  they  ihould  be  gradually 
hardened ;  otberwife  they  will  grow 
fo  weak  as  not  to  be  eafily  preferved 
thro'  the  Winter.  As  thdfe  Plants 
obtain  Strength,  they  will  become 
more  hardy;  but  during  the  two  firil 
Winters,  it  will  be  proper  to  plunge 
them  into  the  Tan-bed  in  the  Stove; 
but  when  they  begin  to  have  woody 
Stems,  they  may  be  placed  on 
Shelves  in  a  dry  Stove;  where  if 
they  are  kept  in  a  moderate  Degree 
of  Heat,  they  may  be  preferved  vtry 
well ;  efpecially  the  fecond  Sor^ 
which  is  fomewhat  hardier  than  the 
£ril.  This  may  alfo  be  placed  abroad 
in  a  warm  Situation,  in  the  Begin- 
ning oijulyi  where  the  Plants  may 
remain  till  the  Middle  of  Septemher^ 
provided  the  Seafon  continues  warm; 
otherwife  they  niufl  be  renroved  intp 
the  Stove  fooner. 

Thefe  Plants  both  of  them  pro- 
duce very  fine  Flowers,  efpecially 
the  fecond  Sort:  which  has  large 
Tufts  of  fcarlet  Flowers,  which  are 
produced  at  the  Extremity  of  the 
Branches,  after  the  fame  manner  as 
the  Oleander  or  Rofe-bay ;  but  thefe 
Flowers  are  much  larger,  and  of  a 
much  finer  Colour. 

A  fmall  Piece  of  Wood  of  this 
Tree,  being  put  on  a  Pan  of  lighted 
Coals,  will  fend  forth  a  mofl  agree- 
able Odour,  which  will  perfume  a 
whole  Houfe. 

COREOPSIS. 

This  Genus  of  Plants  was  con- 
Ilituted  by  Dr.  Linna:uj,  ProfeiTor  of 
Botany  at  Up/al  in  S^weden ;  who 
gave  this  Name  to  it,  on  accoutst  of 
the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  being  like  a 
Tick,    We  have  no  proper  Englijh 

Name 


CO  CO 

Name  for  this  Genus ;  but  as  the  7eitnu/hrt^  C§r9na  filis  abiffiwu^ 
Flowers  of  thefe  Plants  have  Rays  alato  cauli  s  L  e.  The  talleft  San- 
like  the  Sunflower,  to  which  they  flower^  with  winged  Stalks.  This 
art  nearly  allied,  we  may  diftinguifli  may  be  propagated  plentifully  by 
it  by  the  Title  of  Tick-feeded  Sun-  parting  the  Roots  in  OQ^her^  wfaea 
flower.  the  Stalks  begin  to  decay  $  and  if 
The  Chara8ers  are ;  they  are  planted  in  a  good  moit 

^be  Flower  is  included  in  a  double  Soil,  they  will  grow  very  tall,  and 

Empalememti    the  outer  is  compofed  produce  a  great  Number  of  Plowerii 

eommonly  of  eight  narrow  Leases,  and  but  it  is  too  rambling  to  be  admitted 

the  inner  of  the  fame  Number ;  hut  into  fmall  Gardens,  therefore  is  otlf 

broader  and  coloured:    the  Flowers  proper  for  lai^e  Borders,  or  to  {danc 

eiti  radiated^  the  Rays  being  Female  i  in  Wilderneis-quarters,   to  fill  up 

and  the  Difi  is  compofed  of  Herma*  Vacancies.    This  flowers  in  Jngafi, 

fhrodite  Flowers  i   which  are  tuhw  The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Plant  of 

lous^and  indented  at  their  Brim:  thefe  humbler    Growth,     feldom    rifing 

ha<ve  each  a  compr tfftd  horned  Fointal^  above  two  Feet  lugh  :    the  Scalo 

attended  by  fn)e  flender  Stamina  ;  grow  ered,  and  the  Leaves  are  very 

but  the  Female  Fhwen^  which  are  long,  narrow,  intire,   and  rough: 

abortive^  hanje  none :    thefe  Herma-  the  Flowers  are  produced  at  the  £z- 

phrodite  Flowers  ha'ue  each  a  fingU  tremity  of  the  Shoots,  which  are  of 

€omprefftd  bordered  Seed^  which  has  a  fine  yellow  Colour,  having  a  dark- 

two  Horns  at  the  Foint,  purple  Middle;  and  thefe'  are  of 

The  Species  are ;  long  Duration.    The  Plants  com- 

i.CoREOPsis  foliis  ferratis,  Flor,  monly  begin  to  flower  the  Middle  of 

Leyd.    Tick-feeded  Sunflower,  with  ^uly,   and  continue    dll   OSoher ; 

iawed  Leaves.  and  if  the  Seafon  proves  fiivonrabl^ 

2.  Coreopsis  foliis  linearibus  fome  Flowers  will  continue  till  ^^ 
hitegerrimisy  cavle  ereQo,  Flor,Virg,  *uemher\  which  niakes  it  merit  a 
Tickfeeded  Sunflower,  with  narrow  Place  in  every  good  Garden.  The 
whole  Leaves,  and  an  upright  Stalk.  Seeds  of  this  Sort  have  been  fre- 

3.  Coreopsis  foliis  integerrimis.  quently  fent  to  England  from  Mary- 
Flor,  Leyd,  Whole  leav'd  tickfeeded  land,  where  the  Pknts  grow  wild; 
Sunflower.  but  thefe  feem  to  be  biennial  Plann 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  Jme-  with  ns,  their  Roots  having  as  yet 

riea :  the  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  continued  but  two  Years  with  us ; 

found  wild  in  many  Parts  of  North-  nor  do  they  perfe^  their  Seeds  i& 

America^  efpecially  the  fir(l,  which  is  England i  fo  that  at  prefent  the  Plants 

very  common  in  New- England,  Ma-  are  very  rare  in  the  Englijh  Gardens; 

rylandy   and   Virginia,      This  Sort  but  as  it  is  an  hardy  Plant,  we  may 

hath  perennial  Roots,  and  annual  hope  to  reconcile  it  to  our  Climate, 

Stalks,  which  decay  every  Autumn ;  and  find  a  Method  to  increafe  it. 

and  in  the  Spring  the  Roots  fend  The  taird  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant: 

forth  many  Stalks,  which  grow  to  the  Seeds  of  this  were  brought  from 

the  Height  of  eight  or  ten  Feet,  and  Carolina  by  Mr.  Catcfby,  in  the  Year 

branch  out  at  the  Top;   where  are  1726.     This  mud  be  Town  on  a 

produced  Branches   of  fmall  Sun-  gentle  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring ;  and 

flowers,  each  having  a  dark  purple  when  the  Plants  are  fit  to  tranfplaatt 

Middle.    This  was  called  by  Dr.  they  ibould  be  each  planted  into  a 

feparace 


CO  CO 

Icparate  finall  Pot,  and  plunged  Into  ftance  every  Way,  clearing  diem  titm. 

anefti  Hoc-bed  to  bring  them  for-  Weeds;  by  wliich Management tbefii 

ward  ;   and  in  7**'  they  fhouid  be  Plants  will  grow  fbong,  and  product 

inured  by  degrees  to  the  open  Air,  a  greater  Quantity  of  good  Seeds. 

and  afterward  fome  of  them  may  be  The  firft  Sort  was  formerly  culti- 

{haken  out  of  the  Pots,  and  planted  vated  in  Gardens  as  a  Sallad-herb. 

in  a  warm  Border ;    where,  if  the        CORI ARIA,  Myrtle-kavM  Sit« 

Seafon  is  good,  they  will  flower  in  mach,  *vMlgo, 

the  Middle  of  Jufy^  and  ripen  their  The  CharaQers  are; 

Seeds  the  Beginning  of  Seftembir.  It  is  Male  aud  TemaU  in  Sjfemk 

CORIANDRUM,  Coriander.  TlanU :    the  Male  Flowers  ba'oe  a 

The  Cbara^ers  are ;  frve-leav'd  Empalememt :  the  Fl^nvep 

it  hath  afhrofe  annual  Reet:   the  has  fi<ue  Leases ^  'which  are  jeimdt^ 

bn/jer   heaves  are  hroad^    hut  the  ^^t  Empalement :     thcfe    ha^oe    teh 

mfper  Leagues  are  deeply  cut  into  fine  Jlender  Stamina :  the  femaU  Flonaert 

Segments :    the  Petals  ef  the  Flower  have  the  like  Empalement^  and  the 

are  Mmi^mal^andjhaped like  an  Heart:  fame  Number  cf  Petals:  and  in  the 

the  Fruit  is  competed  oftivo  hemifpbe-  Centre  are  placed  five  Pointals^  vjhkh 

ricalf  andfimetimts  J^herical,  Seeds,  turn  to  ef  Berry ^  inclofing  five  kidney 

The  Species  are  ;  fi?aped  Seeds. 

1.  CoRiANDRUM  toajus.    C.  B.  Tbc  Species  ZTC ; 

Greater  Coriander.  i .  Co  r  i  a  r  i  a  vulgaris  mas,  ViffelL 

2.  Co Ri AN  DRUM  minus^  tejlicula-  A3,  171 1.    Male  Myrtk-leavM  Si»- 
tean.  C.  B.    Smaller  tefliculated  Co-  mach. 

riander.  ^  2.  Coriaria    vulgaris  fcewnneu 

3.  Co  Ri  AN  DRUM  Jylvefiri  faeti-  iJn.  Hort,  Cliff.      Female  Myrtle- 
SJfimum,  C.  B,  leav'd  Sumach. 

The  firftof  thefe  Species  is  the        TheSort.withMaleFlowersis  the 

moft  common  Kind,  which  is  cul-  moft  common  in  England,  the  other 

dvated  in, the  European  Gardens  and  being  very  rarely  feen  in  any  of  the 

Fields  for  the  Seeds,  which  are  us*d  Gardens.    Thefe  grow  wild  in  great 

in  Medicine.     The  fecond  Sort  is  Plenty  about  Montpelier  in  France^ 

lefs  common  than  the  firft,  and  is  where  it  is  ufed  for  Tanning  of  Lea* 

feldom  found  but  in  Botanic  Gar-  ther ;  and,  from  this  Ufe,  has  faeea 

dens  io  thefe  Farts  of  Europe.     The  titled  by  theBotanifts,  Rhus  coriarie* 

third  Sort,  as  mentioned  in  Ca/par  rum;  i.  e.  Tanners  Sumach. 
Bauhin*%  JPinax,  and  cited  by  the        Thefe  Shrubs  feldom  grow  more 

learned  Boerhaave,  in  his  Catalogue  than  three  or  four  Feet  high  ,*  and 

of  the  Ley  den  Garden^  is  fo  like  the  as  they  creep  at  the  Root,  they  fend 

firll,  that  I  could  find  no  Difierence  forth  many  Stems,  whereby  they 

between  them  when  compared  toge-  form  a  Thicket ;  fo  may  be  planted 

ther,  tho*  I  received  the  Seeds  -of  to  fill  up  Vacancies  in  Wildemefi- 

this  Kind  from  the  Ltyden  Garden.  quarters ;  but  they  are  improper  for 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by  bnall  Gardens,  where  they  will  take 

fowiDg'their  Seeds  early  in  the  Spring,  up  too  much  room:  and  as  there  is 

in  an  open  Situation,  in  a  Bed  of  no  great  Beauty  in  the  Flowers,  they 

good  frefli  Earth ;   and  when,  the  are  only  admitted  for  Variety. 
Plants  are  come  up,  they  ihould  be        It  is  fbange  that  Monfieur  Niffol^ 

liocd  out  to  about  four  Inches  Di-  who  lived  upon  the  Place  where 
6  tbefe 


c  o 

t)iei€  grew  in  plenty,  and  who  cdn- 
flituted  this  Genus,  in  the  Memoirs 
of  the  Academy  at  Paris^  has  taken 
ho  Notice  of  their  being  Male  and 
Female  in  dijFerent  Plants. 

It  may  be  propagated  plentifully 
from  the  Suckers,  which  are  pro- 
duced from  the  creeping  Roots  in 
great  Abundance:  thefe  (hould  be 
taken  off  in  March,  and  planted  into 
a  Nurfery,  to  form  good  Roots; 
where  they  may  continue  one  or  two 
Years,  and  then  mud  be  removed 
to  the  Places  where  they  are  to  re- 
main. 

This  Plant  delights  in  ^  loamy 
Soil,  which  is  not  too  ftifF;  and 
ihould  be  placed  where  it  may  have 
Shelter  from  the  North  ^nd  Eaft 
Winds;  where  it  will  endure  the 
Cold  of  our  ordinary  Winters  very 
well,  and  will  flower  better  than  if 
it  is  preferved  in  Pots,  and  (heltered 
in  the  Winter,  as  hath  been  by  fome 
praflifed. 

CORINDUM,  Heart-peas. 
The  CbaraSirs  are ; 

//  bath  a  trailing  Sialk,  emitting 
ClaJpirSf  nvhef-eby  it  fafiens  itfclf  to 
^Afbatcver  Plant  it  ftands  near  :  the 
Calyx,  or  Flvwer-cup,  conjifls  of 
three  Leaves :  the  Flonvers  confix  of 
tight  Lea'ves,  and  are  of  an  anomalous 
Figure :  the  Ovary  becomes  a  Fruit 
*whicb  is  like  a  Bladder^  and  divided 
into  three  Cells  i  in  ivhich  are  con^ 
iained  round  Seeds,  in  form  of  Peas, 
of  a  black  Colour ;  having  the  Figure 
cf  an  Heart  of  a  white  Colour  upon 
each. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  CoRlNDUM  folio  amflrori, 
fruBii   majore,    Tourn.      Heart -pea 

with  Iar2:e  Leaves  and  Fruit. 

2.  CoRiNDUM  fflio  fsf  fruSlu 
minor e^  Tourn.  Heart- pea  with  fmafi 
Leaves  and  Fruit;  called  by  the  In- 
Jiabitants  of  the  ireft-Indies,  Wild 
Parfle^, 


CO 

3.  CoKiNDUM  JoUo  aafliJlsmi^ 
fruQu  minore.  Heart  pea  withrer/ 
large  Leaves,  and  (mail  Fruit. 

Thefe  Plants  are  very  common  ia 
Jasnaica,  Barbados,  and  moft  of  the 
other  warm  Iflands  in  the  Wefi-h" 
£es\  where  their  Seeds  are  (catteredy 
and  become  Weeds  all  over  ilie 
Country. 

They  may  be  cultivated  in  JS^* 
land,  by  fowing  their  Seeds  onaa 
Hot-bed  in  March ;  and  when  tbe 
Plants  come  up,  they  muft  be  traof* 
planted  into  a  frefh  Hot-bed,  where 
they  may  remain  nntil  the  Middle  of 
May ;  at  which  time  they  may  be 
tranfplanted  into  Pots  or  Borden, 
and  expofed  to  the  open  Air.  Thde 
Plants  will  require  Sticks  to  fupport 
them :  otherwife  their  Branches  iKiR 
trail  upon  the  Ground,  and  be  apt 
to  rot,  efpecially  in  a  wet  Seafon. 
There  is  no  great  Beauty  in  this 
Plant ;  it  is  chiefly  preferved  as  a 
Rarity  in  the  Gardens  of  the  Ca- 
rious. It  produces  its  Flowers  ia 
June,  and  the  Seeds  are  perfeded  in 
Auguft. 

CORIS.  We  have  no  Englift 
Name  for  this  Plant. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  hath  a  monopetahus  ferfonattd 

Flov:er,  vohofe  hinder  Part  is  tubuioss, 

but  the  fore  Part  isjbaped  like  a  Fan: 

from  the  Flower- of  rifes  the  Pointal, 

fixed  like  a  Nail  in  the  hinder  Part 

of  theFlo^ver  ;  vohich  aftervoard  ht- 

comes  a  globular  Fruit,  divided  inte 

feveral   Parts,    containing  rounSJb 

Seeds,  ivhich  are  inclofed  by  the  Calyx. 

The  Species  are ; 

1 .  C  o  R  I  s  cetrulea  maritime. 
C.  B.  P.    Maritime  blue  Coris. 

2.  CoRis  maritima,  fore  rubrt. 
C  B.  P.  Maritime  Coris,  with  a 
red  Flower. 

3.  Coris  maritima,  fore  atbe, 
H.  R.  Monf,  Maritime  Coris,  widi 
a  white  Flower. 

Theft 


C  Q 

Thffe  Plants  grow  wild  ^boat 
hkntptluTy  and  in  moft  Places  in*  tbc 
South  of  Tra9t9 ;  they  feldooi  grow 
above  fix  Inches  high,  and  fpre^d 
near  the  Surface  of  the  Ground  like 
Heath ;  and  in  Jvnt^  when  they  a^ e 
fall  of  FloWerSy  they  «iake  a  very 
pretty  Appearance. 

They  may  be  propagated  by  fow- 
ijag  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring,  on'  a 
B^  of  freih  Earth ;  and  when  the 
Plants  are  about  an  Inch  high,  they 
fltould  be  tranfplanted,  fome  of  thepi 
into  Pots  filled  with  frelh  light  E^arth, 
that  they  may  be  (heltered  in  Win- 
ter; and  the  others  into  a  warm 
Border,  where  they  will  endure  the 
Cold  of  our  ordinary  Winters  very 
well ;  but  in  fevere  Froft  they  are 
generally  deftroyed:  for  which  Rea- 
ion,  it  will  be  proper  to  have  fome 
Plants  of  each  Sort  in  Pots,  which 
may  be  put  under  a  common  Hot- 
bed-frame in  Winter,  where  they 
ma/ be  covered  in  frofty  Weather: 
but  when  it  is  mild,  they  fhould  have 
a  great  Share  of  free  Air.  Thefe 
Plants  rarely  produce  ripe  Seeds  in 
Emglandi  therefore  it  will  be  proper 
to  increafe  them  from  Slips  and  Cut- 
tings; which  will  take  Root,  if 
planted  in  Auguft  on  a  v^ry  gentle 
Hot-bed,  and  fhaded  from  the  Sun, 
and  duly  watered. 

COEISPERMUM,  Tick-fccd. 
The  Chara£ier$  are ; 

7be  FU^er  hath  no  Petals :  the 
^jRfaUmtnt  is.oftnvo  LiamtSy  nubicb 
Are  equal  and  ctmfrejfed :  in  the 
Centre  is  me  long  /eenrn^ed  Stamen, 
and  a  round  comfriffed  Pointal^  fwhicb 
afterfward  turns  to  a  fat  Vrffelyha^ve' 
ing  ttuo  Celisy  each  containing  one 
Mong  Seed,  fl?aped  like  a  Tiik. 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  CoRiSPBKMVu  foliis  altemts, 
Lin.  Hort,  Cliff.  Tick  -  feed  with 
Leaves  growing  alternate! 

V#L.  I. 


z.  Qo'K\svi^%uvu  filiri  oppofitifi 
Lin,  Hort.  Cliff,  .Starry  Duck^- 
meat. 

The  firft  Sort  grows  in  T'artarj, 
where  there  are  fome  other  Varieties 
,of  this  Genus.  The  fecon^  is  com- 
mon upon  Standing-waters,  and  jn 
low  marfhy  Grounds,  where  the 
Waters  ftand  in  Winter  i^  divera 
Parts  of  England. 

Thefe  Plants  are  preferved  in  Bo-* 
tanic  Gardens  for  the  fake  of  Variety; 
but  they  have  no  Beauty ;  fo  arp  fel- 
dom  cultivated  in  other  Gardens. 

The  firfl  Sort  i?  an  annual  Plaxit^ 
which  if  fuffered  to  fcatter  its  Seed5, 
the  Ground  will  be  plentifully  (locked 
with  the  Plants  ;  which  will  require 
no  other  Care,  but  to  prevent  t^e 
Weeds  from  over  growing  .tl|em. 

The  fecond  will  not  grow  but 
in  marfhy  Places,  where  ther:e  is 
Standing-water ;  over  the  S.urface  of 
which  this  Plant  will  foon  extend, 
when  once  it  is  eflabliihed. 

As  we  had  no  EngUJh  Name  to 
this  Genus,  I  have  given  it  this  of 
Tick-feed ;  which  correfpbnds  with 
the  Latin  Name. 

CORK-TREE.     ^iV^  Stubcr. 

CORN-FLAG.     ^/V/ Gladjolu^; 

CORNMARIGOLD.  Vi4^ 
Chryfanthemum. 

CORN-SALLAD.  Vide  Vale- 
rianella. 

CORN  US,  The  Cornclivi 
Cherry. 

The  CbaraBers  are ; 

Tbe  Calyx,  or  Flower-cup^  con/sfis 
of  four  f mall  rigid  Lea*veSj  *wbicb  are 
expanded  in  form  of  a  Crofs :  from  tbe 
Centre  of  ivbicb  are  produced  mat^ 
fmall  yello'wijb  Flo^wers,  eacb  con" 
fifing  of  four  Leases ,  ivbich  are  dif 
po/fdalmojt  in  form  of  an  Umbrella  : 
thefe  Flowers  are  fucceeded  by  Fruit, 
nvbicb  are^blong^  or  of  a  cylindrical 
Form,  foms'wbat  Hie  an  Olive,  con-^ 

B  b  taiving 


c  o 

tatmng  an  hard  Stont^  v:hicb  is  di- 
nndtd  inU  tnju9  Cellt^  each  containir.g 
41  Jingle  Seed. 

The  Species  9Te; 

1.  Corn  us  hertenfis  tfsas.  C.  B, 
The  Cornelian  Cherry,  or  Male 
Comel-tree. 

2.  Corn  us  fcemlna.  C.  B.  The 
Dogberry,  or  Gattcn-trec. 

3.  CoRNUS  foemina^  foliis  'varie- 
gatis.KL.  The  ftriped  Dogberry- 
tree. 

4.  Cork  us  fiemina    laurifolia^ 
frmSu  nigro  cotrulep^  ojficulo  cotnprejffb, 

Firginieoia,  Piuk,  Aim,  The  Vir^ 
ginian  Dogbcrry-trce. 

5.  CoRNUS  fcemina   Virginianay 
fUie  amguflt9re,     Narrow-Ieav'd  Fe- 
male 2>ogwood  of  Virginia, 

6.  CoRNUS  fcemina^  candidijpmis 
^foiiisy  Americana*  Pluk.  Aim,     Fe- 
male Dogwood-  of  America^   with 
very  white  Leaves,  commonly  called 
Swamp  Dogwood. 

7 .  Co  R  N  u  s  Americana^  fioribia 
inter  folia  Jparjis,  Pluk.  Pbyt. 
Tah,  1 1 .  /".  2.  American  Dogwood, 
with  Flowers  growing  between  the 
Leaves. 

8.  CoRNUS  pumila  berbacea  Cha- 
swrpiriclymenum  di^a.  Hort,  Eitb, 
Dwarf  Honeyfcickle,  'vulgo. 

The  firft  of  thcfe  Trees  is  very 
common  in  the  Englijh  Gardens,  be- 
ing propagated  for  its 'Fruit;  which 
is  by  many  People  preferred  to  make 
Tarts :  it  is  alfo  ufed  in  Medicine  as 
an  Aftringent  and  Cooler.  Ihere 
is  alfo  an  officinal  Preparation  of  this 
Fruit,  called  Rob  de  Comit.  Of  this 
there  are  two  or  three'  Varieties, 
which  differ  in  the  Colour  of  their 
Fruit :  but  that  with  the  red  Fruit 
is  the  mod  common  in  England. 

As  the  Fruit  of  this  Tree  is  not 
at  prefent  much  eileem'd,  the  Nur- 
ibry-mcn  about  Loridm  propagate 
this  Tree  as  one  of  the  Sorts  which 
fs  con^monly  fold  as  «  flowering 


c  o 

Shrub ;  and  is  by  fome  People  va« 
iued,  for  coming  fo  early  to  flower; 
for  if  the  Seafon  is  mild,  the  Flowers 
will  appear  by  the  Beginning  of  Ft- 
bruary ;  and  tho*  there  is  no  great 
Beauty  in  them,  yet,  as  they  are 
generally  produced  in  plenty,  at  a 
Seafon  when  few  other  Flowers  ap- 
pear, a  few  Plants  of  them  may  be 
admitted  for  Variety.  The  Fruit 
of  this  Tree  is  feldom  ripe  before 
September:  the  Tree  will  grow  eigh- 
teen or  twenty  Feet  high,  and  make 
a  large  Head. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  very  commoD 
in  tbe  Hedges  in  divers  Parts  of 
England,  and  is  feldom  preferred  in 
Gardens.  The  Fruit  of  this  Plant 
is  often  brought  into  the  Markets, 
and  fold  for  Buckthorn  -  berries; 
firom  which  it  may  be  cafily  difdn- 
guiihed,  if  the  Berries  are  opened 
to  obferve  how  many  Stones  there 
are  in  each  ;  which  in  this  Fruit 
is  but  one,  but  in  the  Buckthorn 
four ;  and  they  may  be  eafily  difhn- 
gui(hed  by  rubbing  the  Juice  of  tbe 
Berries  on  Paper ;  that  of  the  Back- 
thorn  will  (kin  the  Paper  greei, 
whereas  the  Juice  of  this  ftaiiu  ic 
purple:  this  Tree  is  called  Fif^a 
Sanguinea,  from  the  young  Shoots 
being  of  a  fine  red  Colour.  There 
is  a  Variety  of  this  Tree  with  vari^ 
gated  Leaves,  which  is  preferred 
in  the  Nurferies,  but  is  not  mudi 
efieemed. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  an  AmericaM, 
from  whence  the  Seeds  have  been 
brought  to  England  i  this  isfonod 
in  all  the  Northern  Parts  of  Amen'cs, 
as  are  alfo  the  fifth  and  £xtb  Sorts, 
being  Natives  of  the  Woods  in  A/r- 
giftia,  Ne^-w- England,  Maty /and,  and 
Carolina:  thefe  are  all  of  them  very 
hardy,  and  thrive  well  in  the  open 
Air  in  England;  fo  are  cnltivaied 
by  theNurfery-men  near  I^^tm,  to 
add  to  the  Variety  of  their  hardy 

Tiecs4 


CO 

^ees:  thefe  grow  to  the  fame 
Height  with  our  common  Female 
Dogberry,  and  make  a  much  better 
Appearance :  the  Shoots  of  the  fixth 
•Sort  are  of  a  beautiful  red  Colour 
in  Winter;  and  in  Summer  the 
Leaves  being  large,  and  white,  and 
the  Bunches  of  white  Flowers  grow- 
ing at  the  Extremity  of  every  Branch, 
renders  this  Shrub  valuable;  and  in 
Aotumn,  when  the  large  Bunches  of 
blue  Berries  are  ripe,  they  make  a 
inc  Appearance. 

The  eighth  Sort  grow^opon  Che- 
viot Hills  in  l^orthumhirland,  and 
alio  upon  the  Alps^  and  other  moun- 
tainous Places  in  the  Northern  Coun* 
tries;  but  this  is  very  difficult  to 
preferve  in  Gardens  :  the  only  Me- 
thod is,  to  remove  the  Plants  from 
the  Places  of  their  natural  Growth, 
with  good  Balb  of  Earth  to  their 
Hoots,  and  plant  them  in  a  rooift 
fhady  Situation,  where  they  are  not 
annoyed  by  the  Roots  of  other  Plants: 
in  fuch  a  Situation  they  may  be  pre- 
ferved  two  or  three  Years ;  but  it 
will  rarely  happen  that  they  will 
continue  longer. 

Ail  the  Sorts  of  Dogwood  may 
be  propagated  by  their  Seeds,  which, 
if  fown  in  the  Autumn  foon  after 
they  are  ripe,  will  moft  of  them 
come  up  the  following  Spring;  but 
if  the  Seeds  are  not  fown  in  Autumn, 
they  will  lie  a, Year  in  the  Ground 
before  the  Plants  will  appear;  and 
when  the  Year  proves  dry,  they  will 
(bmetimes  remain  two  Years  in  the 
Ground  ;  therefore  the  Place  (bould 
not  be  dlftorbed,  where  thefe  Seeds 
are  fown,  under  two  Year. ,  if  the 
Plants  fhould  not  come  up  (oorer : 
when  the  Plants  are  come  up,  they 
(Kould  be  duly  watered  in  dry  Wea- 
ther, and  kept  clean  from  Weeds ; 
and  the  Autumn  following,  they 
'  may  be  removed,  and  planted  in 
£ecU  in  the  Nurfery,  where  the/ 


CO 

may  remain  two  Years;  hf  which 
time  they  will  be  fit  to  tranfplant, 
where  they  are  to  remain  for  good. 

They  are  alfo  propagated  by 
Suckers,  and  laying  down  of  the 
Branches :  mofl  of  the  Sorts  produce 
plenty  of  Si)ckcr$,  efpecially  when 
they  are  planted  on  a  moilt  light 
Soil,  which  may  be  taken  off  from 
the  old  Plants  in  Autumn,  and  plant- 
ed into  a  Nurfery  for  a  Year  or  two, 
and  then  may  be  tranfplantcd  pto 
the  Places  where  they  are  to  remain  ; 
but  thofe  Plants  which,  are  propa« 
gated  by  Suckers,  rarely  have  fo 
good  Roots  as  thofe  which  are  pro- 
pagated by  Layers,  and  being  much 
more  inclinable  to  (hoot  out  Suckers^ 
whereby  they  will  fill  the  Ground 
round  them  with  their  Spawn,  they 
are  not  near  fo  valuable  as  thofe 
Plants  which  areraifed  from  Layers* 
CORNUTIA  [We  have  no  Eng^ 
lijh  Name  for  this  Plant.  It  is  io 
called  from  ComutuSy  a  Phyfician  of 
Far'uy  who  publiftied  an  Hiftory  of 
Canada  Plant;]. 

The  Cbara&tri  are  s 
It  bath  a  monopetalous  perfinated 
flow  try  nvboff  upper  Lip  ft  audi  ereS^ 
hut  the  under  Up  is  din^ided  into  thre§ 
Farts:  from  the  Tlovjer-aip  ar\fe$ 
the  Pointaly  njuhich  is  fixed  like  a 
Nail  in  the  hinder  Part  of  the  Flow 
er^  nvhieb  after^wards  becomes  afphe^ 
rical  fucculent  Berry ^  including  Seeds 
«which  are  for  the  moft  part  kidney- 
ftfaped. 

There  is  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  yet  known ;  which  is, 

Co  R  M  u  T I A  flore  pyramidato  eatrw 
leOy  foliis  incanis.  Plum.  Cornutia' 
with  a  pyramidal  Flower,  and  hoary 
Leaves. 

.This  P'ant  was  firft  difcpvered 

by  Father  Plumitr  in  America ^  whp 

gave  it  tlie  Name.     It  is  found  in 

plenty  in  feveral  of  the  Iflands  in  the 

.  Weft-Indies,    and    at  Qmmftcby  and 

Bb  2  U 


CO 

ta  Vira  CrwXy  from  both  which 
Places  I  received  the  Seeds,  which 
Were  coUeded  by  my  late  ingenious 
Friend  Dr.  William  Houfoun^  and 
afterward  by  Mr.  Robert  MUkrf 
from  the  £ime  Country.  It  grows 
to  the  Height  often  or  twelve  Feet : 
the  Branches  grow  fbaggltng,  and 
the  Leaves  are  placed  by  Pairs  op- 
podte :  the  Flowers  are  produced  in 
8pikes  at  the  End  of  the  Branches, 
.which  are  of  a  fine  blue  Colour; 
thefe  ufually  appear  in  the  Autumn, 
and  fometimes  will  remain  in  Beau- 
ty for  two  Months  or  more. 

It  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  which 
jSiould  be  foon  early  in  the  Spring 
•n  an  Hot-bed;  and  when  the 
Tlants  are  come  np,  they  ihould  be 
tranfplanted  each  into  a  feparate 
halfpeny  Pot  filled  with  frelh  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot** 
l>ed  of  Tanners  Bark,  obferving  to 
ihade  them  until  they  have  taken 
Koot ;  after  which  time  they  fhould 
)iave  ftefh  Air,  in  proportion  to  the 
Warmth  of  the  Seafon,  and  they 
snnft  be  frequently  watered  (for  it 
•naturally  grows  on  fwampy  "Soils). 
When  the  Plants  have  filled  thefe 
Pots  with  their  Roots,  they  (hould 
be  ihifted  into  others  of  a  larger 
Size,  and  plunged  into  the  Hot-bed 
again,  where'  they  (hould  be  con- 
tinued till  QSober\  when  they  mui^ 
be  removed  into  the  Bark-ftove,  and 
plunged  into  the  Tan ;  for  other- 
wife  it  will  W  very  difficult  to  pre- 
ferve  them  through  the  Winter.  The 
Stove  in  which  thefe  Plants  are 
placed,  ihould  be  kept  to  the  tem- 
perate Heat  marked  on  the  Botanic 
Thermometers,  which  will  agree 
better  with  them  than  a  greater  Heat. 
The  third  Year  from  Seeds  thefe 
plants  will  flower,  when  they  make 
a  fine  Appearance  in  the  Stove  >  but 
they  never  perfie^t  their  Seeds  in 


c  o 

They  may  bealib  prop^ated  iff 
Cuttings,  which,  if  j^anttd  into  Poo 
filled  with  freih  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  a  Bark-bed,  obfervii^  to  (hade 
and  water  them,  will  rake  Root,  and 
muft  be  afterwards  treated  as  the 
Seedling-plants. 

CORONA  IMPERIAL!^ 
Crown  Imperial. 

1  he  ChariUlers  are  ; 

7 be  Tlvwers  cmfift  of  fix  Ltann^ 
arehell'Jhafid^  ^ndbang  damitewariiS 
thefe  an  ranged^  as  it  meere,  iatta 
Ctowni  abo^e  ^wbicb  affears  a  gnat 
Bujh  of  Leaves :  tbe  Poimtal  of  tk 
Ftotjuer  becomes  an  oblong  Frmt,  m)bid 
is  WMgedf  ^awd  divided  into  tbm 
Celis^  nxibicharefilkd'tntbfi^tZeoisi 
to.nubicb  may  be  added.  It  bath  a 
coated  Root,  Rvbicb  is  fmrmifiedvdtk 
Fibres  at  tbe  Bottom, 
The  Species  are  ; 

1.  Corona  Impbrialis.  IW. 
The  compton  Crown  Imperial. 

2.  Corona  Imperialis  hm^. 
S'ount,  The  greater  Crown  Impe- 
rial. 

3.  Corona  Imperialis  firt 
pleno.  Tount.  Crown  Imperial  witk 
a  double  Flower. 

4.  CoRdNA  Imperialis  drfSd 
corona.  Tonm.  Crown  Imperial  witk 
a  double  Crown. 

5.  Corona  Imperialis  trifSd 
corona,  H.L,  Crown  Imperial  with 
a  triple  Crown. 

6.  Corona  Imperialis  maM' 
flora,  latcqut  caule,  Toura,    Crows 
Imperial  with  many  Flowen,  und 
flat  Stalks. 

7.  Corona  ImperFalis  f^ 
vario.  Toum,  Strip*d-leav*d  Qfown 
Imperial. 

8.  Corona  lMPERiALis/}ii4«* 
rio  ex  viridi  &  argenteo.  Boerb,  hd^ 
Silver  ftripki-loav*d  Crown  Impci 
lial. 

* 

^  CORORi 


CO 

9.  Corona  lusiRiALis  >C»rf  ^A 
thri  Iwtn.  Tutrn.  Crown  Imperial 
nkk  a  beaacifal  yellow  Flower. 

10.  Corona  Imfbrialis  Jhre 
hu»flaia.  Batri.  lad.  Crown  Iia« 
perial  with  a  double  yeUow  Flower. 

11.  Corona  Xmpbriaus  ^Jbre 
ham  fitiaio,  Tourn.  Crown  Impo- 
rial  with  a  yellow- (lrip*d  Flower. 

12.  Corona  Imperialis  rafao* 
fiu  fuirm.  JBranched  .Ciown  Im- 
perial. 

There  are  fomt  other  Varieties  of 
this  Fbwer,  which  a|pe  preferred  in 
tke  Gardens  of  curious  FJorifts  5  but 
as  they  are  only  Variations  which 
are  accidenul,  from  Seeds  of  the 
fiune  Pbnts,  thdr  Numbers  may  be 
iacreafed,  like  many  other  bulbous 
Phnts,  hv  fnch  as  are  curious  in 
frringana  fowing  Seeds  oftl^e  dif* 
fcreot  Varieties. 

The  manner  of  propagating  this 
Plant  from  Seeds  being  *  the  fame 
widi  the  Tulip,  I  fhall  refer  the 
Reader  to  that  Article  for  the  par- 
ttcttlar  Diredionsy  and  (hall  proceed 
to  the  Method  of  cultivating  their 
Roots  already  obtained,  fo  as  to 
have  feir  large  Flowers. 

The  beft  Seafon  for  tranfplanting 
dieir  Roots  is  m  July  or  Juguft^  be- 
fore they  pufli  forth  freih  Fibres; 
after  which  time,  it  it  not  fo  fafe  to 
remove  them :  or  they  may  be  taken 
Dp  in  Jtffu^  when  their  green  Leaves 
aie  quite  decayed ;  and  may  be 
kept  out  oftheXrround  untif^irfir^, 
at  which  time  they  fhoold  be  planted 
in  Beds  or  Borders  of  good  freOi 
Barth,  burying  a  little  rotten  Dung 
in  the  Bottom,  that  the  Fibres  may 
Jbike  into  it ;  but  be  fure  not  to  let 
k  be  near  the  Bulb;  for  it  is  apt  to 
lot  whenever  this  happens. 

If  they  are  planted  in  open  Beds 
or  Borders  of  a  Pleafure- garden,  they 
ihoold  be  placed  exa^ly  in  the  Mid- 
dle j  for  they  wiU  rift  ta  be  tjiree 


c  o 

Feet  high  or  more  in  t  g9od  Soil-a 
and  fo  would  be  improper  u>  ffcuidoii 
the  Side  of  a  Border,  where  (bxuld 
be  planted  Flowers  oflower  Groiyth* 

In  planting  of  thefe  Roots,  after^  ' 
the  Border  is  marked  out,  and  tho 
Diftances  fixed  between  each  Root 
(which  ihould  be  eight  or  ten  Feet 
or  more,  according  to  the  Size  of 
the  Garden,  and  the  Nun^ber  of 
Roots  to  be  planted),  you  fhouU 
open  an  Hole  with  a  fimali  Spade 
about  fix  Inches  deep,  into  which 
you  (hould  place  your  Root,  obr 
ferving  to  fet  the  Crown  uppermoft; 
and  then  with  your  Hand  fill  in  the 
Earth  round  the  Root,  breaking  the 
Clods,  and  removing  all  large  Stones 
from  about  it,  and  afterwards  level 
the  Ground  with  your  Spade,  and 
rake  the  Border  over,  ^fter  the 
Whole  is  finiihed.  Your  Roots  b^ 
ing  thus  planted,  will  require  no 
farther  Care,  as  being  very  hardy ; 
the  Froft  never  injures  them :  but  if 
the  Ground  is  too  wet  in  Winteir, 
they  will  be  apt  to  rot ;  therefore, 
in  luch  Cafes,  the  Borders  ihould 
be  raifed  a  Foot  or  more  above  the 
Level  of  the  Ground.  In  Fthruwj 
their  Buds  will  appear  above-ground ; 
and  if  the  Weather  be  mild,  they 
will  advance  in  He^ht  ytty  fail, 
and  in  Match  they  wiliproduce  their 
Flowers :  but  as  their  Stems  grow 
tall,  and  the  Spring-feafon  being 
commonly  windy,  it  will  be  ver/ 
pipper  to  fupport  them  with  Sticks^ 
to  prevent  their  being  broken  down : 
nor  ihould  the  Flowers  of  this  Plant 
be  gathered  when  blown;  for  it 
greatly  weakens  their  Roots;  (b 
that  they  do  not  afford  an  Increafe 
of  Bulbs,  and  many  times  are  two 
or  three  Years  before  they  flowef  ' 
again. 

Thefe  Roots  ihould  be  tranfplant* 

ed  every  third  Year,'  by  which  time 

they  will  have  furniihed  fom^  Off- 

B  b  3  &ts 


c  o 

fets  oFconfiderable  Strength,  u'hich 
muH  be  taken  from  the  old  Roots  i 
and  fach  of  them  as  are  large  enough 
to  prodttce  Flowers,  may  be  planted 
in  Borders  with  the  old  Roots ;  but 
the  fmall  ones  (hould  be  planted  in 
a  Nurfery-bed,  where  they  may  Re- 
main till  they  have  Strength  enough 
to  flower ;  but  if  you  remove  the 
blowing  Roots  oftener,  they  wilt 
not  flower  fo  flrong,  nor  will  their 
Increafe  be  near  fo  great. 

This  Plant  deferves  a  Place  in  the 
moft  curious  Flower-gardens,  for  the 
Earlined)  of  its  Flo>vering ;  being 
the  firft  Plant  of  large  Growth,  that 
ive  have  flowers,  and  fo  confequeot- 
ly  gamiflies  the  Crowns  of  Borders, 
at  a  Seafon  when  there  are  no  other 
Flowers  in  the  fame  Line  appearing ; 
and  fo  begins  that  Order  of  Flower- 
ing, which  ihould  be  fucceeded  by 
Other  Flowers  of  the  like  Growth, 
thro'  the  greateft  Part  of  the  Seafon. 
Their  Seeds  are  ripe  about  the  Be- 
^nningbf  ytme,  and  (hould  befoifirn 
in  yufy.  For  the  Manner  of  per- 
forming it,  fee  Tulipa, 

CORONA  SOLIS.  Fide  Heli- 
anthus. 

CORONILLA,  Jointed.podded 
Cclutfa, 

The  CbaraSers  are; 

//  bath  Leavii  liki  tbofe  of  tbi 
Scorpion  fena :  tbe  Flowers  are  fopi- 
iioHficeottj:  the  Fods  are  full  of  Joints^ 
homing  one  oblong  fwelling  Seed  in 
gacb  Di'vifion, 

The  Species  are ; 

1 .  Cor o  n  I  l l  a  argent ea  Cretica. 
Tourn.  3ilver-leav*d  jointed-podded 
Colatea  of  Candia, 

2.  Co  RON  ILL  A  moritima,  glanco 
fhlio,  Tourrt.  Maritime  jointed -pod- 
iied  Colutea,  with  a  fea-green  Leaf. 

3.  CoRONiLLA  berbacea,Jlore  va* 
rio.  ^ourn.  Herbaceous  jointed- pod- 
ded Colutea,  with  a  variable  Flower. 

4«  CoRONXtLA  Cretica  btrba^ea^ 


c  o 

Jlore  par*vo  pttrpurafcente,  Tount, 
Candia  herbaceous  jointed -podded 
Colutea,  wich  a  fmall  purplifh  Flower. 

5 .  Co  RON  I LL  A  ZeyLnica  argaitea 
tota,  Boerb.  Ind.  Silver  jointed-pod- 
ded  Colutea  of  Ceylon, 

6.  CoRONiLLA  minima.  Toam, 
The  lead  jointed-podded  Colatea. 

7.  CoRONiLLA  filiqnis  ^  femia- 
bus  craffioribus,  Tourn.  Jointed-pod- 
ded  Colutea,  with  thidc  Pods  and 
Seeds. 

8.  CoRONiLLA  Americana  fian* 
eUns  pentapbylla.  Flum.  Five-lcav'd 
American  jointed  -  podded  Colutea, 
with  climbing- Stalks. 

The  flrft  and  fecond  Species  grow 
with  us  to  be  fmall  Shrubs,  aboat 
three  or  four  Feet  high  ;  and  are  fo 
nearly  alike  in  all  refpeds,  a&faraa 
I  havf  been  able  to  examine  them, 
that  I  could  readily  pronounce  them 
the  fame,  were  it  not  that  they  have 
been  by  fo  many  eminent  Botanifb 
diilirguifhed  for  two  abfoJutely  dif- 
ferent Plants  i  which  if  there  are  two 
fuch,  I  have  as  yet  feen  but  one  of 
them  :  I  have  indeed  received  Seeds 
of  the  two  Sorts  from  difFerent  Per- 
fons  abroad  ;  but  when  ihey  cane 
up,  they  proved  the  fame,  and  this 
more  than  once  \    which  caufcs  ine 
to  fufped  they  are  not  different;  for 
at  different  Seafons  of  the  Year  the 
fame  Plant  appears  different  as  to  die 
Colour  of  its  Leaves ;  which  might 
atflrftlead  a  Perfon  into  the  Miftake: 
and  this  has  been  followed  by  all 
that  have  iince  written  thereof. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  fow- 
ing  the  Seeds  in  the  Spring,  either 
upon  a  gentle  Hot- bed,  or  on  a 
warm  Border  of  freih  light  Eardr; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up 
about  two  Inches  high»  they  ihould 
be  tranfplanted  either  into  Pots,  or 
in  a  Bed  of  good  rich  £arth,  it 
about  four  or  five  Inches  Diftasce 
every  Way,  where  they  may  rcmaia 

afitil 


' 


CO  CO 

Until  they  have  obtained  Strength  into  fmall  Pots  filled  with  light  Tandy 

enough  to  plant  out  for  good,  which  Earth,  and  plunged  into  a  frefh  Hot' 

ihoold  be  either  into  Pots  filled  with  bed  of  Tanners  Bark ;  obferving  to 

good  frefh  Earth,  or  in  a  warm-fitu-  give  them  frequent  gentle  Water- 

ated  Border;  in  which,  if  the  Win-  iogs;  and  as  the  Weather  is  hot  or 

ter  is  not  too  fevere,  they  will  abide  cold,  fo  they  muft  have  more  or  lc{t 

very  well,  and  in  the  Spring  follow-  Air  in  proportion  thereto,  by  raifing 

ing  will  produce  large  Quantities  of  up  the  Glafles  ip  the  middle  of  the 

yellow  Flowers  of  a  firong  fweet  Day;  but  in  the  Nights  the  GlaiTes' 

Smell ;  which  will  be  fucceeded  by  fhould  be  covered  with  Mats, 

long  flender-jointed  Pods  in  great  And  when  the  Plants  have  grown ' 

Plenty,  in  which  are  contained  the  fo  as  to  fill  the  Pots  with  their  Roots, 

Seeds.  they  muft  be  carefully  (haken  oat  of 

The  third  Sort  dies  down  everv  them,  preferving  the  £arth  to  their 

Winter,  but  rifes  again  the  fucceea-  Roots ;    and  put  them  into  Pots  a 

ing  Spring,  and  produces  large  tVail-  Size  bigger,  filling  up  the  Pot  with 

ing  Brauches,  which  are  furni(hed  the  fame  light  frefh  fandy  Earth  as 

with  great  Numbers  of  variable-co-  before;  then  plunge  the  Pots  again 

lour*d    Flowers,    which    grow    in  into  the  Hot-bed,  and  manage  them 

Banches;  thefe  are  fometimes  fuc-  as  before.     In  the  Winter  thev  moft 

ceeded  by  fmall-jointed  Pods,  con-  be    placed    in.  a  warm  Bark-flove 

taining  many  oblong  Seeds :  but  the  among  Plants  of  the  tendered  Oafs, 

Root  creeps  very  far  under- ground,  obferving  to  refrefh  them  frequently 

by  which  the  Plant  increafes  greatly;  with  Water:   but  never  give  them 

which,  when  permitted  to  remain  too  much  at  a  time.     In  this  Ma- 

unremoved  for  two  or  three  Years,  nagement  I  have  had  this  Plant  foe* 

"will  fpread  and  overbear  whatever  ceed  very    well  for  two  or  three 

Plants  grow  near  it ;  for  which  Rea-  Years ;  but  I  have  not  as  ytt  feen  it 

ion  the  Roots  fhould  be  confinM ;  and  flower  in  England,    tho*  there  are 

it  (hould  be  planted  at  a  Diflance  Plants  of  this  Kind  in  three  or  four 

from  any  other  Plants :  it  will  grow  Gardens,   which  are  two  or  three 

in  almoft  any'  Soil  and  Situation,  Years  old. 

but  thrives  beft  in  a  warm  funny  The  fixtb  Sort  is  a  very  fmall 

Expofure,  in  which  the  Flowers  will  Plant,  and  hath  very  litde  Beauty  in 

alfo  be  much  fylreiy  and  in  greater  it ;  this  is  preferved  by  the  Curioas 

Quantities.  in  Botany,  but  is  feldom  found  in 

The  fourth  Sort  is  annual,  and  Gardens    of  Pleafure,    where  few 

muft  be  fown  every  Spring  in  an  Plants  are  admitted  that  are  not  ei- 

open  Bed  or  Border  of  good  light  ther  beauttfnl  or  rare ;  it  is  propa- 

Earth,  in  the  Places  where  it  is  to  gated  by  fowing  the  Seeds  in  the 

remain;  for  it  doth  not  very  well  Spring,  on  a  Bed  of  frefh  light  Earth, 

bear  removing     This  is  a  Plant  of  in  a  warm  Pofition :  and  when  the 

little  Beauty,  and  is  only  preferved  Plants  are  come  up,  they  muft  be 

in  curious  Gardens  of  Plants.  either  tranfplanted  int«  Pots  ^l)ed> 

The  fifth  Sort  is  very  tender,  be-  with  the  fame  frefh  Earth,  or  into 

Ing  a  Native  of  Qyion :  this  mufl  be  warm  Borders  under  a  South  or  Weft 

fown  on  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the  Wall ;   for  they  are  fubjefl  to  be 

Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants  are  deflroyed   by   fevere   Frofts :   and 

come  up,  they  muft  be  tranfplanted  therefore  thofe  which  are  planted  in 

B  b  4  Poti 


G  O 

PjDts  fliould  be  (heltered  during  the 
Winter-reafon  under  ft  coinmon  HoC- 
bed-fr^me,  taking  off  the  Glafies  in 
jnild  Weather,  that  they  may  enjoy 
as  much  of  the  free  open  Air  a^  pof- 
fible ;  9ind  in  the  Spring,  after  the 
Cold  is  paft|  they  may  be  fhaken 
Dut  of  the  Pots,  and  planted  in  a 
warm  Border,  where  they  wiil  flow- 
er, and  produce  ripe  Seeds  the  fuc- 
ceeding  Summer. 

The  feventh  Sort  grows  to  the 
Height  of  two  or  three  Fe^,  and 
branches  out  on  every  Side,  fo  as  to 
form  a  regular  Shrub.    This  may  be 

Sropagated  by  Sefcds,  which  (honld* 
e  fown  on  a  moderate  Hot4>ed  in 
the  Spring ;  and,  when  the  Plants 
'stfe  about  two  Inches  high,  they 
ihould  be  carefully  tranfplan ted  into 
fmall  Pots  filled  with  frefh  light 
l^arth,  and  plunged  into  a  very  mo- 
derate Hot-bed,  being  careful  to 
fcreen  them  from  the  Sun  until  they 
liave^aken  new  Root;  after  which 
time  they  muft  have  a  large  Share 
of  frefh  Air,  otherwife  they  will 
draw  up  yery  weak ;  they  mud  alfo 
be  frequently  watered  in  warm 
Weather.  When  thefe  Plants  have 
acquired  Strength,  they  fhould  be 
anured  to  •  bear  the  open  Air  by  de- 
grees ;  for  in  Summer  they  fhould 
£e  taken  out  of  the  Hot- bed,  and 
fome  of  them  may  be  planted  in 
warm  Borders ;  but  it  will  be  pro- 
per to  keep  fome  in  PotSv.rh^^  they 
may  be  fheltered  in  W  »•;:.•  *^or  in 
ievere  Frofl  thofe  in  the  .  .Tders  will 
be  in  Danger  of  fufFering  thereby. 
'I'hefe  Plants  produce  their  Flowers 
in  the  Spring,  when  they  make  an 
agreeable  Appearance,  and  in  Auguft 
they  perfed  their  Seeds :  this  Sort 
greatly  refembles  the  firfl. 

The  eighth  Sort  was  difcovered 
by  Father  Plumiir  in  Amtricm,  I  re- 
ceived the  Seeds  of  this  Plant  from 
Carihagtnai  which  were  &nt  me  by 


c  o 


r 


my  late  ingenious  Friend  t)r.  Wtt^ 
Ham  Houfioufi,  This  Plant  is  pro- 
pagated by  Seeds,  which  (hoold  be 
fown  early  in  the  Spring  on  a  mo- 
derate Hot- bed ;  and  wh^n  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  they  fhould  be  each 
tranfplan  ted  into  an  Half^)eny  Pot 
filled  with  frefh  rich  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  ah  Hot-bed  of  Tannefs 
Bark,  obfcrving  to  fhade  them  un- 
til they  have  taken  koot;  after 
which  time  they  fhould  hat^  Air 
and  Water  in  proportion  to  the 
Warmth  of  the  Seafon  ;  and  when  1 
they  have  filled  thefe  Pots  with  their 
Roots,  they  fhould  be-  fhifted  into 
Pots  of  a  larger  Size,  and  plunged 
into  the  Hot- bed  again,  where  tfaer 
muft  remain  until  Autumn,  whcQ 
they  fliould  be  removed  into  the 
Stove,  and  plunged*  into  ijie  Tan. 
Thefe  Plants  mufi  be  conilantfy  kept 
in  the  Bark  flove,  and  placed  among 
Plants  which  require  a  moderate 
Heat;  where  they  will  thrive  and 
flower,  and.  fhould  be  fupported  bv 
tall  Sticks,  round  which  they  will 
twine  as  Hops  do ;  fo  that  they  mof{ 
not  be  fuffered  to  twifl  round  other 
Plants,  left  they  overbear  and  fpoil 
them.  Thefe  are  very  proper  Plants 
to  place  againfl  an  Efpalier  on  the 
back  Part  of  the  Stove,  among 
other  climbing  Plants,  where  they 
will  make  an  agreeable  Variety. 

This  Sort  will  continue  two  or 
three  Years,  provided  it  be  care- 
fully managed,  and  will  fometimes 
produce  ripe  Seeds  in  this  Country  • 
but  it  will  be  proper  to  lay  down 
fome  of  the  Shoots,  either  into  the 
Tan,  or  Pots  of  fre^  Earth  plunged 
into  the  Tan,  becaufe  thefe  will  often 
take  Root,  whereby  a  Supply  of 
young  Plants  may  be  obtained  i 
Which  is  a  fure  Method  to  prefenre 
the  Kind  in  this  Country,  where 
they 'do  not  always  perfe£l  their 
Seeds. 

CO- 


CO  CO 

CO  ft  ON  OPUS,   Bucks-horn  eaffl/ cultivated  by  fowiAg  the  Stedt 

nuntah).  iki  the  Spring  upon  zof  Soil,  or  rm 

The  CbaraSert  are ;  any  SituatiMi,    it  being  tMreandf 

It  agrtiM  in  FiowiT  and  Fruit 'with  hardy;  And,  whtn  it  comes  up,  it 

the  Piaittaik^  from  nubich  it  differs  VDO^j  be  thinned  ont,  and  fuflfered  ta 

/•  itt  Lio^ts,  which  are  deeply  ent  remain  for  Ufe  at  about  three  or 

ix^  the  Edges;  whereas  the  Leaves  four    laches  Diftaace^    where    the 

»f  Plawtaift  are  either  intire,  or  hut  Leases  may  be  often  cat  for  the 

fligbtfy  indented.  Porpofes     above  -  mentioned^     the 

The  Species  are ;  Roots  Hill  putting  forth  frelh  Leaves  i 

t.  CoRONOtus  bortenfis,   C  B,  and,  if  it  is  not  fuffered  to  feed,  the 

Garden    Buck*s-horn    Plantain    or  Roots  will  remain    two  ^  or  three 

Harts-horn,  vuige.  Years :  but  it  feldom  continues  long 

1.  CoaoNOPtfs   Majplienjis  hif"  after  perfecting  its  Seeds.     If  the 

fittior  lati/oHus,  Tonrn,  Broad-leavM  Seeds  are  fuiFered  to  fall  upon  the 

hairy  Bucki-hom  Plantain  of  Mar*  Ground,  there-  will  be  a  condant 

fiiiles.  Supply  of  Plants,  without  any  fur^ 

3.  Co  Ro NO  PUS  Neapolitanus  te*  ther  Care  than  clearing  them  from 
HffiUms,  Co/.  Narrow-lca?*d  Bucks-  Weeds  as  they  grow.  The  other 
bom  Plantain  of  Naples.  Varieties  are  maintained  in  Botanic 

4.  CoRONOPUs  maritimus  rofeus.  Gardens;  but  are  feldom  cultivated 
B^e.Rar.PI.  Rofe- like  Sea  Bucks-  for  Pleafure  or  Profit. 

horn  Plantain.                 '  GORTUSA   [This   Plant  is  fo 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species,  tho'  called,  from  Cortu/us,  a  famous  Bo- 

lotitle^  a  Garden-Plant,  yet  is  found  tanift,  who  firft  brought  it  into  U£e], 

vnld  in  moft  Plarts  of  England,  and  Bears^ear  Sanjcle.                        n 

is  the  very  iame  Plant  which  grows  The  CharaBers  are; 

upon  moft  Commom,   and  barren  IthathaferennialRoot:  the  Leaves 

Heaths,  where,  from  the  Poomefs  areroundift?,  rough,  and  crenated  on 

uf  the  Soil,  it  appears  to  be  very  the  Edgej,  like  thofe  of  Ground  ivy: 

different  from  the  Garden-kind,  as  the  Cup  9/ the  Flower  is  finall,  and 

l^Qg  little  more  than  a  fourth  Part  elivided  into  five  Parts :  the  Flowers 

lb  large.  But  this  Plant,  when  tranf-  arejhaped  like  a  Funnel,  are  cut  at 

planted,  or  fown  in  a  Garden  by  the  the  Top  into  many  Segments,  and  an 

other,  grows  to  be  full  as  large :  nor  di/po/ed  in  an  Umhel:    the  Fruit  is 

can  I  fee  any  Difference  between  roundiffj,    terminating  into  a  Point, 

thefe,  and  that  which  grows  upon  and  is  clofely fixed  in  the  Cnp,  in  nvhich 

die  Sea^oafts ;  tho'  Cajpar  Bauhin,  are  contained    many  /mall  angular 

snd  many  fioranids  after  him,  make  Seeds. 

them  diflind  Species :  but  when  they  The  Specif s  arc  j  , 

tre cultivated  together  in  the  fame  i.  Coktv 9 /l fioliis cerdatis  petiola* 

Soil,  lamfatisfied  that  no  Perfon  tis.    Lin.    Hort.    Cliff.     Bears-ear 

can  diftinguilh  them  ;    therefore  I  San:cle,  or  Cortufa  of  Matthiolus. 

i^e  no  doubt  of  calling  them  all  z.  Co%tv% KfoUisovatisfiffilihuf. 

the  fame  Plant.  Lin.  Hort.  Otff.  Rough-leav'd  Bears- 

This  Species  was  formerly  colti-  ear  Sanide,  or  Borage-leav*d  Aii- 

▼ated  in  Gardens  as  a  Sallad-htnrb )  ricula. 

^t  at  prefent  is  little  regarded,  and  The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the 

^oft  wholly  difiiiied;  i(  may  be  Jlps,^xA  Mountains  in  Aufiria;  this 

« 


c  o 

H  nearly  akin  to  the  Aoricola ;  but 
the  Flowers  are  fmallery  and  of  one 
platn  Colour :  this  Plant  is  with  Dif- 
ficulty preferved  in  Gardens,  efpe- 
cially  if  it  is  planted  in  open  Bor- 
ieis,  where  the  Sun  in  Summer  is 
very  apt  to  deftroy  it ;  therefore  the 
•nly  Method  by  which  I  could  ever 
preferve  it,  has  been  by  planting  the 
Plants  in  Pots,  and  placing  them  in 
a  (hady  Situation,  where  they  were 
duly  watered  in  dry  Weather:  in 
this  Place  they  conftantly  remained 
both  Summer  and  Winter ;  for  the 
Cold  will  not  deftroy  them :  theEarth 
lor  this  Plant  (honld  be  light,  and 
aot  too  rich  ;  for  Dang  is  very  in- 
jurious to  it :  as  this  very  rarely  pro- 
duces any  Seeds  in  Engiand^  the  only 
Method  to  propagate  it  is  by  parting 
the  Roots  in  the  fame  Bianner  as  is 
pra£tifed  for  Auricula's :  the  beft 
time  for  this  is  about  Micbailmas  ; 
loon  after  which  the  Leaves  decay. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  by  Dr.  TourHe- 
firt  ranged  with  the  Mulleins,  un- 
der the  Titl«  of  Verbafcum  bumite  - 
Jlftmum^  ioraginis  foUo  l^  fiore\  and 
it  hath  been  long  known  in  the  Eng- 
fjb  Gardens,  by  the  N^me  of  60- 
lage-leav'd  Auricula.  This  Plant 
was  formerly  nurfed  up  and  placed 
in  the  Green-houfe  in  Winter,  as  a 
tender  Plant,  whereas  it  will  bear 
the  greateft  Cold  of  this  Country,  be- 
ing a  Native  of  the  Pyrenean  Moun- 
tains ;  ib  requires  the  fame  Culture 
as  the  firfl  Sort. 

CORYLUS,  The  Haael  or  Nut- 
tree. 

The  CharaSers  are; 

h  batb  Mali  Flfywtrty  or  Catkins^ 
growing  at  rt7H»tt  Diftances  from  tbe 
frmit  OH  tbe  farm  Tree :  tbe  Nuts 
grtPWt  for  tbe  tnoft  party  in  Clufers, 
^nd  are  cleft ly  joined  together  at  tbe 
^attonty  eacb  being  covered  moitb  an 

K'jftrd  Hufk  or  Citf,  *u/bs€b  opent  at 


C  o 

tbe  Top  ?  and  wben  ibe  Emit  is  ripe^ 
it  falls  oat :  the  Leaves  art  r^tmdtfi 
and  intire. 

The  Species  are ; 

I.  CoviYLVS  j^lvejfris,  C.B*  The 
wild  Hazel-nuL 

Z.  CoRYLUS  fafiva,  fruSu  a&e 
minorcy  fime  ^vulgaris,  C.  B.  The 
fmali  manured  Hazel-qut 

3.  C0RYLU6  fati*vay  fmSu  re- 
imido  maxima.  C.  B.  The  large  Cob* 
nut. 

4.  CoRYLVS  fati^uay  fruQu  ^ 
longo  rubente.  C.  B,  The  red  fil- 
bert. 

5 .  Co  a  YLUS  fatinjay  fruSu  Mengi 
rubentCy  pellicula  alba  tcSo.  C  \ 
The  white  Filbert. 

6.  Co&YLus  Hifpanicoy  fruQw 
majore  angulofe.  Pluk.AJen.  Large 
Spanijh  N  ut. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Trees  is  com- 
mon in  many  Woods  in  Ei^Uni, 
from  whence  the  Fruit  is  gathered  io 
plenty,  and  brought  to  the  Londaa 
Markets  by  the  Country -people. 
This  Tcee  is  feldom  planted  in  Gar- 
dens (except  by  Perlons  curious  in 
Collections  of  Trees  and  Shrubs] :  it 
delights  to  grow  on  a  moiH  flrong 
Soil,  and  may  be  plentifully  in- 
creased by  Suckers  from  the  old 
Plants,  or  by  laying  down  their 
Branches,  which,  in  one  Year's  tiroe^ 
will  take  fuflicient  Root  for  tranf- 
phnting;  and  thefe  will  be  mod 
handfomer  and  better-rooted  Plants 
than  Suckers,  and  will  greatly  out- 
grow them,  efpecially  while  young. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  arc 
planted  in  Hedge-rows,  in  moifl 
(hady  Places  in  Gardens :  but  the 
Fruit  is  okuch  better,  and  in  greater 
Quantities,  when  they  have  an  optn 
itet  Air,  and  are  not  fufFered  either 
to  grow  too  thick,  or  be  overhung 
or  crouded  with  other  Trees. 

TU 


c  o 

The  fbaith  and  £{th  Sorts,  vix. 
Hkc  red  and  white  Filberts,  are  moftly 
efteemed  for  their  Fruit  being  much 
fweeter,  and  their  Shells  much  ten- 
derer. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  annually  brought 
from  Spain  in  great  Plenty,  and  fold 
in  L^rniM  all  the  Winter-feafon ; 
from  which  Nuts  there  have  been. 
many  Trees  raifed  in  the  Engiijb 
Gardens ;  but  they  feldom  prove  the 
fame  with  the  Nuts  fown. 

All  theie  Sorts  may  be  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Nuts  in  Februarys 
which,  in  order  to  preferve  them 
good,  (hould  be  kept  in  Sand  in  a 
JDoifl  Cellar,  where  the  Vermin  can- 
not come  at  them  to  deftroy  them  ; 
nor  (hottld  the  external  Air  be  ex- 
cluded from  them,  which  would  oc- 
ca£on  their  growing  mouldy. 

The  manner  of  fowing  the  Seeds 
l>dbig  well  known  to  vrery  one,  I 
need  not  here  mention  it,  efpecially 
iince  it  is  not  the  fareft  way  to  ob- 
tain the  Sorts  defired ;  for  they  fel- 
dom prove  fo  good  as  the  Nuts 
.  which  were  fown,  or  at  lead  not  one 
in  four  of  them  will :  and  the  Me- 
thod of  propagating  them  by  Lay- 
ers being  not  only  the  fureft,  but  alfo 
noil  expeditious,  is  what  I  would 
recommend  to  every  one,  who  would 
cultivate  thefe  Trees  for  the  fake  of 
their  Fruits.  / 

COST  US,  Zedoary. 
The  CbaraSers  are  ; 

Tbi  Flvwer  is  inclofed  in  a  fin^i 
Coverings  and  katb  tbrei  Petaii :  it 
is  Jbafed  likt  a  Lif-fionAjer^  tbt  lowir 
Part  being  brgad^  long,  and  Jfread 
9pem  at  thi  Brt'm^  ivbere  it  it^gbtly 
eui  into  tbne  Parts,  tbe  Uffir-lif  be* 
tag  Jbort :  Jr9m  tbe  Bottom  of  tbe 
Fiotuer  arijis  tbt  Po^iltaly  nubUb  of" 
timvard  befomis  a  roundifi  Pod,  baV" 
img  tbrte  Ceils ^  wbicb  are/uHoftri" 
assgsdar  Seeds, 

'     We  have  but  or^  Species  of  this 
Genus  i  nrin. 


c  o 

CocTUS  tfficinaram.  Dale  Pbar. 

This  Plaint  grows  both  in  the  Baft 
and  Weft 'Indies^  in  (hady  moift 
Places  ;  the  Roots  propagate  under, 
the  Ground  after  the  manner  of  Gin- 
ger, or  the  Flower  -  de  •  luce  :  the 
Stalks  feldom  rife  above  three  Feet 
high:  thefe  annually  decay  to  the 
Root ;  but  as  there  is  a  conftantSuc- 
cefiion|of  Stalks,  the  Plants  are  not 
long  deftitute  of  them  :  the  Flow- 
ers are  produced  on  the  Top  of  the 
Stalks,  in  a  fcaly  oblong  Head, which 
are  white,  and  ihaped  fomewl»t  like 
thofe  of  Ginger. 

This  is  a  tender  Plant ;  fo  mud  be 
cooftantly  kept  in  the  Bark-ftove : 
it  may  be  eafily  propagated  by  part- 
ing the  Roots  in  the  Spring  of  the 
Year ;  and  if  they  are  allowed  room 
in  the  Pots  for  their  Roots  to  fpread, 
and  are  duly  watered,  the  Plants  will 
thrive,  and  produce  their  Flowers 
in  Winter,  which  is  the  Seafon  of 
their  Flowering:  the  Root  of  thia 
Plant  was  formerly  much  uied  in 
Medicine,  but  of  late  it  hath  not 
been  fo  much  efteemed. 

COTINUS,  Venice  Sumach. 
The  CbaraSers  sxt ; 

//  bath  round  Lea'ues,  «witb  long 
Footftalks:  tbe  Flowers  are  fmaU, 
eonjtfting  of  five  Le^ives^  tvbicb  ex* 
fand  in  form  of  a  Rofe ;  are  difpofed 
in  capillary  Braucbes  of  nfery  flender 
aadftiff  Filaments  or  Hairs ^  ^wbicb 
are  ^mdely  diffufed  after  tbe  manner 
of  Plumes^  and  ffring  oat  of  tbe  top 
Brancbes :  in  tbe  Centre  of  tbe  Flower 
is.fituated  tbe  Pointal^  attended  by 
fine  m'nnte  Suroina :  tbe  PointalaJ- 
tertvard  turns  to  an  oval  Birry^  in» 
clojing  one  triangular  Seed. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  CoTiNVS  foliis  obverfe  o^a» 
tis»  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff,  Venice  Sumach, 
commonly  called  Coccygria. 

2 .  Co  Ti  N  u  s  foliis  obvmrfe  cor  da' 
tis.  Lin.  Hort.Qiff.  The  Cocoa 
Plum.  The 


c  o 


N 


*fhe  firtf  Sort  h  vary  eommoA  in 
the  Noffenes  aboul  ttmdnty  wbero  it 
2$  propa^attd  to  intermix  with  other 
flowering  Shrubs.:  it  nfualty  grows 
to  the  Height  of  tight  or  ten  Feet ; 
tke  Branches  grow  very  irregular  and 
diffused ;  but  when  it  fk>wersy  which 
it  ieldolh  does  until  it  is  pretty 
ilrong,  it  nakes  a  beautiful  Figure, 
tiie  Flowers  growing,  as  it  were,  on 
large  Phimes  of  Hair,  which  almoft 
oorcr  the  Whole  Shrub :  it  is  very 
proper  to  plant  among  other  Shrubs 
of  the  fame  Growth,  where  it  will 
make  an  agreeable  Variety. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  lay- 
ing down  the  tender  Branches, which 
ihould  have  a  little  Slit  made  at  one 
of  the  Joints  that  are  laid  in  the 
Earth,  as  is  praAifed  in  laying  Car- 
nations, which  will  greatly  facilitate 
their  Rooting.  When  they  are  fuf- 
fidently  rooted,  which  is  commonly 
in  one  Yearns  time,  they  may  be 
tranfplanted  where  they  are  to  re- 
main ;  for  it  feems  not  to  bear  re- 
moving welly  efpecially  when  grown 
old;  the  Roots  trailing  far  under* 
ground,  which,  when  cut  or  broken, 
do  not  foon  recover ;  and  it  feldom 
produces  many  Fibres  near  the 
Stem. 

The  Wood  of  this  Shrub  is  great- 
ly afed  in  the  Southern  Parts  of 
Franei,  where  it  grows  in  great 
Plenty,  to  dye  their  woollen  Cloths 
of  a  yellow  Colour,  or  Feuiiltmorte } 
and  the  Tanners  ufe  the  Leaves  to 
prepare  their  Skins ;  from  whence  it 
was  called  Cotinus  Coriaria, 

The  fecond  Sort  was  brought  from 
the  Bahama  Iflands  by  Mr.  Catefiy ; 
it  alfo  grows  in  moft  of  the  Jflands 
in  the  IVeft- Indies :  this  ihoots  up 
with  many  Stems,  to  the  Height  of 
eight  or  ten  Feet,  and  forms  a  Sort 
of  Thicket :  the  Flowers  are  froall 
and  white;!  and  are  produced  in  Clu* 


CO 

Hers :  after  theie  the  Fruit  cone, 
which  are  about  the  Size  of  a  oom- 
mo»  I>aiBalceBe ;  fene  of  them  are 
purple,  (boie  ved,  and  othen  ydW, 
of  a  fweet  luTdous  Talle ;  and  there 
is  a  Succeiioa  oi  thefe  fPsaOL  mtft 
P^t  of  the  Year. 

Thik  Sort  is  tender ;  tnertfofewil 
not  live  in  this  Cbuntry,  unlefs  ii  ii 
preferved  in  a  good  ^ove :  it  may 
be  propagated  by  the  Stones  of  dw 
Fruit,  which  fhould  be  brought  otcr 
in  Sand,  and  put  ihto  Pots  as  fooiai 
they  arrive ;  and^  the  Pots  maft  be 
plunged  into  a  good  Hot-bed ;  asdi 
when  the  Plants  come  op,  they  wxk 
be  kept  in  the  Bark-ftovc  with  odief 
tender  IMants. 

COTONEA  MALUS.  FUtOf- 
donia. 

COTONE ASTER.  FideMcfp^ 
lus. 

COTULA  FCETIDA.  /^irOa- 
maemelum  Fcetidum. 

COTYLEDON,  Navelwoit. 
The  CharaBert  are ; 

b  bath  m  Lea/^  Staik,  nd  fk 
*wMe  Apfearmnce^  •/  Houfittk ;  frm 
'which  it  differs  in  halving  an  Mwi , 
tuhulous  Fltiwer  tonfifiing  of  one  U^U 
which  is  diwded  at  the  Tof  into  fni 
Farts :  the  Fruit  is  iike  that  of  the 
Honfltek, 

The  Difference  made  by  Dr.  ^'■• 
n^ens  between  this  Genus  and  tKe 
Craffula^  is  in  the  latter  having  biA 
five  Stamina^  and  the  Cotyiedon  ten  i 
by  which  Method  theie  two  Geoero 
are  removed  to  a  great  Diltance  frooi 
each  other ;  though,  in  other  m(He 
eifential  Chara^len,  they  may  be 
brought  nearer  together,-  as  they  «rr 
by  Dr.  Fan  Rcyen,  in  his  Fkra  Ur 
denfisi  fo  that  ^&  ^^ Cotyledon^ 
been  feparated  from  ^Sednm  by  its 
Flower  having  but  one  Leaf,  sad  tbs 
$#Ai»  twelve,  it  has  alfo  been  fcpi- 
rated  from  the  Craffuk  by  its  hsvtos 

^  .  aH 


c  o 

f  feiig  CabaloBS  Flower ;  mhemtM 
tk  Qraffula  has  fiiort  Flowers  4i7i- 
^  almoft  to  the  Bottom. 
The  ^ncits  are ; 
I.  i^TYirBi>oiiiiM^0r.C.f.  The 
jgrettcr  Navelwort. 
.    2.  CoTYLBOow  Jfiicona  fritU' 
fctniy  filiit  9rbiculatis^  Umbo  furfu- 
Yf  cmSis.  Togm,    Sfambby  Afritan 
Navel  wort,  with  roatid  Leaves  edged 
with  a  purple  Rim. 

3.  CoTYLEDOM  Afintdma  frmit' 
ftmt^  fiih  hngo  bf  wigupOy  fionfla- 
vifunti.  Cam.  Rar.  Shrabby  Afri* 
€m  Navelworty  with  a  long  narrow 
Leaf,  aad  a  yellowifii  Flower. 

4.  C0TYI.BDON  A/ritmtra  fhOi^ 
fam^Jkri  uwibdlau  c§ccimo.  Com, 
Rar,  Shrnl>by  Afnean  NavelwofC, 
with  fcarleC  Flowers  growing  in  «o 
Urnbd* 

5.  COTTLBDOM  A/rM,  filtO  CT^ffo 

hu  lacmmtOf  flnfeub  awrto,  Boerb, 
hd,  African  Navel  wort,  with  a  broad 
thick  divided  Leaf,  and  fmall  yellow 
Flowers. 

6.  CoTYL«i>OH  Afra  arhorefcens 
majeTy  faliis  glaucis  §bhngiorihuSf 
JUre  luti9.  Bofrh,  Ind.  Greater  tree- 
like African  Navelwort,  with  oUong 
iisa- green  Leaves,  and  a  yellow 
fkywer. 

7.  Cotyledon  fHapr  arhorefcens 
Afra^  fgliis  minoribus  crajjiffmis  w- 
vri£9rihui  minutiffime  funHatis .  Boerb, 
hi.  Greater  African  treelike  Na- 
velwort, with  fmall  thick  Leaves.    , 

8.  CoTYLEDOK  ^ajor  arb»refcent 
Afra^  foliis  minoribus  §blongis  atnt* 
^riMm,  Boirb.Ind,  Gieaxtt  Afri- 
tan  tree-like  Navelwort,  with  fmall 
oblong  dark-green  Leaves. 

9.  CoTTLBDON  'maJ9r  arborifcins 
Afra^  foiiis  •rbiculatis  glaucis,  limbo 
fnrfnrio  &  macutis  ^ridibus  ohtatis, 
Boerb,  hul.4tlt.  Greater  tree -like 
African  'Navelwort,  with  rounder 
ica- green  Leaves,  having  purple 
Sdgesy  and  %oc^  with  Green» 


CO 

to.  CoTT*.Ei>ow  Capnftsy  folio  flf^ 
'miglobato.  Hort,  Elib,  ffavelwoit 
of  the  Cafe  of  Good  Hope,  with  thick 
half-globular  Leaves. 

1 1.  CoTYLBDOM  Critica^  folio^  oi* 
kngo  JSmbriaio.  Hort,  Eltb,  Navd* 
"wort  of  Oete,  with  an  oblong  fur* 
below'd  Leaf. 

The  firft  Sort,  which  is  diat  ufeB 
in  Medicine,  ^ows  upon  old  Walla 
and  Buildings  in  divers  Parts  of  £ng* 
Jand,  particularly  in  Sbrofjhire  and 
Somcrfit/birey  in  both  which  Coun* 
ties  it  greatly  abounds  upon  old 
Buildings,  and  on  roeky  Pkces  ;1)ac 
is  not  often  foond  wild  near  Xandon, 
nor  often  cultivated  in  Gardens  :  It 
requires  a  dry  rnbbiihy  Soil,  and  to 
have  a  {hady  Situation :  this  is  a  bi- 
ennial Plant,  ib  that  after  it  has  per* 
fe6led  Seed,  the  Hant  decays;  bat 
if  the  Seeds  are  fcattered  on  Walls, 
and  old  Buildings,  as  ibon  as  they  anc 
ripe,  or  if  they  are  permitted  to  fall 
upon  fuch  Places,  the  Plants  will 
•come  up,  and  thrive  much  better 
than  when  they  are  fown  in  tho 
Ground  :  and  when  once  the  Plants 
are  eflablifhed  upon  an  old  Wall  o^ 
Building,  they  will  fow  their  Seeds, 
and  maintain  their  Place,  better  than 
when  they  are  cultivated  with  more 
Care. 

Tht  African  Kinds  are  all  of  them 
propagated  by  planting  Cuttings  in 
'any  of  the  Summer-months,  which 
ihould  be  laid  in  a  dry  Plate  for  a 
Week  or  more  after  they  arc  taken 
from  the  Plant,  before  they  are 
planted ;  for  thefe  abound  with  Juice  ^ 
throttgh  every  Part  of  the  Plan^ 
which  will  certainly  rot  tfae  Cut<* 
tings,  if  they  are  not  fuf&red  to  lie 
out  of  the  Ground,  that  the  wound-' 
ed  Part  may  heal  over,  and  the  great 
Redundancy  of  Sap  evaporate.  The 
Soil  in  which  thefe  Plants  thrive 
bed,  is  one-third  frefh  light  Eardx 
from  a  Fafture,  one^third  Sand,  and 

the 


c  o 

the  other  third  Part  Lime-rubbiib, 
and  rotten  Tan,  in  equal  Quantities : 
thefe  (hould  be  well  mixed,  and  laid 
in  an  Heap  fix  or  eight  Months  be- 
fore it  18  ufed ;  turning  it  over  &ve 
or  fix  times,  that  the  rarts  may  the 
better  incorporate ;  and  before  it  is 
ufed,  it  will  be  proper  to  pafs  it 
through  a  Screen,  to  fcparate  the 
large  Stones,  Clods,  i^c.  there- 
Ijpom. 

Having  prepared  the  Earth,  and 
yoor  Cuttings  being  in  a  fit  Order 
for  Planting,  you  muft  fill  as  many 
Halfpeny  Pots  with  Earth  as  you 
have  Cuttings  to  plant ;  then  pux 
one  Cutting  in  the  Middle  of  each 
Pot  about  two  Inches  deep  or  more, 
accordibg  to  their  Strength;  then 
«ve  them  a  little  Water  to  fettle  the 
Earth  clofe  about  them,  and  fet  the 
Pots  in  a  warm  (hady  Place  for  about 
a  Week,  to  prepare  the  Cuttings  for 
putting  forth  Roots ;  after  which 
they  (hould  be  plunged  into  a  mode- 
rate Hot -bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
which  will  greatly  facilitate  their 
rooting ;  but  obferve  to  give  them 
Air,  by  raifing  the  Glaifes  at  all 
times  when  the  Weather  will  permit ; 
as  alfo  to  (hade  the  GlalTes  in  the 
Heat  of  the  Day. 

In  about  a  Month*s  time  after 
planting,  thefe  Cuttings  will  be  root- 
ed, when  you  muft  begin  to  expofe 
them  to  the  open  Air  by  degrees ; 
after  which  they  may  be  removed  to 
a  well-^efended  Place,  obferving  not 
to  (et  them  into  a  Place  too  much 
expofed  to  the  Sun,  until  they  have 
been  enured  to  the  open  Air  for  fome 
time. 

In  this  Place  the  Plants  may  re^ 
main  until  the  Beginning  o^OSohtri 
at  which  time  you  (hould  remove 
them  into  the  Confervatory,  placing 
them  as  near  the  Windows  as  pofll- 
ble  at  firft,  letting  them  have  as  much 
free  open  Air  a&  the  Seafon  will  per* 


c  o 

mit,  by  keeping  the  Windows  opex 
whenever  the  Weather  is  good :  aad 
now  you  muH  begin  to  abate  your 
Watering,  giving  it  to  them  fpa- 
ringly*  efpecially  the  fifth  Sort,wluch 
is  fo  very  fucculent,  that  upon  its 
having  a  little  too  much  Water  in 
Winter,  it  will  certainty  rot ;  but 
you  (hould  not  fulFer  its  Leaves  to 
(brink  for  want  of  MoiQure,  which 
is  another  Extreme  ibme  People  ran 
into  for  want  of  a  little  ObfervatioD; 
and  when  they  are  futfered  to  (hrink 
for  want  of  Water,  they  feldom  £ul 
to  rot  when  they  have  Water  givn 
them.  This  Sort  (hould  be  placed 
in  a  moderate  Stove  in  Winter,  nor 
muft  it  be  fet  abroad  till  Midfon- 
mer  {  for  it  is  much  tenderer  than 
any  of  the  others. 

The  other  Plants  are  all  of  then 
pretty  hardy,  except  the  fifth  Soit 
(which  muft  have  a  moderate  Stove 
in  Winter),  and  may  be  preierved 
without  any  artificiad  Heat  in  the 
Winter.  The  beft  Method  to  treat 
thefe  Plants  is,  to  place  them  in  an 
open  airy  dry  Glafs>frame,  among 
Ficoides^s  and  Jfrican  Houfieeks, 
where  they  may  enjoy  as  much  of 
the  Sun(hine  as  polTible,  and  hare  a 
free  dry  open  Air  ;  for  if  thefe  are 
placed  in  a  common  Green- hoofe 
amongft  (hrubby  Plants,  which  per- 
fpire  freely,  it  will  fill  the  Houfe 
with  a  damp  Air,  which  thefe  foccu- 
lent  Plants  are  apt  to  imbibe;  and 
thereby  becoming  too  replete  with 
Moifture,  do  often  caft  their  Leaves; 
and  many  times  their  Branches  aUb 
decay,  and  the  whole  Plant  pe- 
rifhes. 

The  fifth  Sort,  as  was  befbre- 
mention'd,  muft  be  preferred  in  a 
moderate  Stove,  with  Aloes,  Ceie- 
us*s,  & f .  which  may  be  kept  op  to 
the  temperate  Heat  as  markM  on  the 
Botanical  Thermometers :  this  muft 
have  very  little  Water  in  Winter. 

and 


c  o 

and  be  planted  in  a  Very  Ary  fandy 
Soil. 

Tke  fourth  Sort  produces  tke  mod 
beaatifui  Flowers  of  any  of  the  Sorts, 
and  deferves  a  Place  in  every  good 
Co]le£Uon  of  Plants ;  as  do  the  fe- 
coDd,  third,  fifth,  and  iixth,  for  the 
regular  Beauty  of  their  Stems,  and 
large  fair  thick  fucculent  Leaves ; 
and  the  fecond,  third,  aad  fixth  Sorts 
produce  very  fair  handfome  Bunches 
of  Flowers,  but  they  feldom  produce 
Seeds  in  England. 

The  ninth  Sort  is  very  like  to  the 
ferenth,  in  its  outward  Appearance; 
hot  differs  from  that  in  having  Num- 
bers of  dark  Sp6ts  all  over  the 
Leaves,  and  the  Leaves  are  larger, 
and  more  focculent :  this  is  fome- 
what  tenderer  than  that,  and  more 
impatient  of  Moifture  in  Winter ; 
hot  in  other  refpedls  may  be  propa- 
gated from  Cuttings,  and  treated  in 
the  (ame  manner  as  is  direded  for 
that  Sort. 

The  tenth  Sort  feldom  grows  above 
a  Foot  and  an  half  high,  branching 
oat  in  many  Stems  from  the  Bot- 
tom ;  the  L^ves  aire  in  Shape  fome> 
what  like  thofe  of  Purflane,  but  aie 
much  thicker,  and  more  fucculent : 
this  Sort  feldom  flowers  with  us,  but 
nay  be  propagated  eaiily  by  Cut- 
tings daring  any  of  the  Summer- 
months  ;  and  in  Winter  may  be  ma- 
naged as  hath  been  direded  for  the 
former  Sorts. 

The  eleventh  Sort  is  much  more 
hardy  than  any  of  the  laft-mentioned 
Sorts,  and  will  endure  the  Cold  of 
ear  ordinary  Winters  in  the  open 
Air,  if  the  Plants  grow  upon  a  dry 
Soil ;  fo  this  may  be  propagated  up- 
on the  Walls  of  Gardens  in  the  fame 
manner  as  the  firft  Sort. 

COURBARIL,  The  Locuft-tree, 
nntlg9. 

The  Cbara&irs  are ; ' 
fi  bait  a  fafHionatfOMS  FJmiir, 


c  o 

/rem  njubofe  Calyx  arifes  thi  PnkitaJi 
'which  afurnjoard  becomes  an  umeaf^ 
filar  hard  Pod^  induing  rouaS/k 
hard  Seeds  ^nubicb  are  fur  rounded  ^iifiik 
a,  fungous  ftringy  Subftanct, 

We  know  but  of  one  Species  of 
this  Plant ;  <ui%, 

Co V  R  B  A  R I L  bifolia,  JUre  fyram* 
daio.  Plum.  No^,  Gen,  Courbaril 
with  two  Leaves  fet  together,  and  a 
pyramidal  Flower,  commonly  called 
Locuft-tree  by  the  Englijb  Inhabit- 
ants of  America* 

The  Pods  of  this  Tree  are  fle- 
quently  brought  from  the  Iflands  of 
America^  by  the  Title  of  Locuft; 
from  the  Seeds  of  which  thefe  Plants 
may  be  raifed.  Thefe  Seeds  (hould 
be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the 
Spring;  and  when  the  Plants  ar^ 
come  up,  they  (hould  be  yery  care- 
fully taken  up,  and  each  planted  into 
a  fmaii  Pot  filled  with  frefh  light 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hotbed 
of  Tanners  Bark,  obferving  to  (hade 
them  until  they  have  taken  Roots 
after  which  time  they  ihould  have 
Air  and  Water  in  proportion  to  the 
Warmth  of  the  Seafon ;  but  they 
will  not  bear  to  be  quite  expofed  to 
the  open  Air  in  England,eten  in  the 
hotteil  Part  of  Summer.  In  Winter 
thefe  Plants  muft  be  removed  into 
the  Bark-ftove,  and  plunged  into  the 
Tan,  amongll  the  tenderer  Sorts  of 
Exotic  Plants ;  and  during  that  Sea- 
fon they  (hould  be  frequently  re* 
frelhed  with  Water,  but  it  muft  not 
be  given  them  in  large  Quantities; 
for  they  are  impatient  of  much  Wet, 
efpecially  when  they  are  deftitute  or 
Leaves.  If  thefe  Plants  are  conti- 
nued in  the  Bark-ftove,  and  fhifted 
into  larger  Pots  as  they  increaie  in 
Size,  they  may  be  preferVed ;  but  I 
believe  it  will  be  many  Years  before 
they  wiU  produce  Flowers  in  Europe  i 
for  they  are  of  a  very  flow  Growth* 
a^ter  the  firft  fix  Months,  being  in 
6  lids 


CR 

Aii  -re^eA  13ce  the  Acajoa,  whicb 
f  ettectUf  Biakcft  gveat  Progrefs'du- 
•smg  the£rft8aininer  fron  Seed8,bac 
•to  wand  remains  for  «  long  time 
without  jnaking  any  Shoots :  they 
srealfi)  difiicalt  to  tnnfplant;  for 
they  feldom  have  many  Fibres  to 
4hnr  Roots ;  /o  that  in  (hifting  them 
Care  auift  be  taken  not  to  diveft 
eheir  Roou  of  the  Earth,  as  aHb  not 
to  put  them  in  Pots  too  large,  in 
both  which  Cafes  they  are  often  do- 
ftroyed. 

COWSLIP.  F$de  Primula  Voris, 

CRAB-TREE.    ^i^Malus. 

CRAMfiE,  Sea  cabbage. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

if  hath  fiejhy  Ltavis  liki  th^fe  of 
tht  Cabbage :  the  Fiywirs  are  nvhite, 
tenfifiu^  ef  fiur  Lean)ei  :  tbePointal 
a^ter*wari  turns  to  a  reuntUfif  Fruity 
-rnMcb  terminates  in  a  Potest ^  hawing 
imt  em  CeU^  in  ^vhich  is  contained  one 
nileng  Seed, 

The  Sfedesfixei - 

1.  Ck AUMBmaritima^  brajjic^fe' 
£tf.  Ttfuni.  Sea-colewort  or  Cabbage^ 
•r  Sea-kale» 

a.  Crambe  Orientalise  dgntis  ho- 
ms  foUe^  emcaginis  facie,  T.  Cor, 
Esftern  Sea-colewort,  with  a  Dande- 
iiou'leafy  and  the  Face  of  Wild- 
focket. 

3.  CaayBB  Orientalise  acanthi 
ftlio.  Cor,  Infi,  Eaftem  Sea-cabbage, 
with  a  BcarVbreech-leaf. 

The  lirft  of  cIm  Species  is  found 
wild  upon  Sea-ihores  in  divers  Parts 
of  England ;  but  particularly  in  Snf- 
fex  and  Dorfeiflnre  in  great  Plenty, 
wliere  the  Inhabitanrs  gather  it  in 
Che  Spring  to  eat,  preferring  it  to 
any  oif  thu^  Cabbage  Kind,  as  it  ge- 
neially  grows  upon  the  gravdly 
Shore,  where  the  Tide  flows  over  it; 
lb  the  Inhabitants  obferve  where  the 
Gravel  is  thruil  up  by  the  Shoots  of 
this  Plant,  and  open  the  Gravel,' and 
«ut  the  Shoocs^cfore  they  come  out» 


c  R 

and  ime  exposed  10  the  opeo 
whereby  the  Shoots  appear  as  if  thejr 
were  blanched ;  and  when  they  axe 
cut  fo  young,  they  are  very  tender 
and  fweet ;  iaiut  if  they  are  fuffend 
to  grow  till  they  are  green,  they  be- 
come toi^h  and  bitter. 

This  Plant  may  be  props^ted  io 
^a  Garden,  by  fowing  the  Seeds,  fooa 
after  it  is  ripe,  io  a  iandy  or  gn- 
velly  Soil,  where  it  will  thrive  a- 
ceedingly,  and  increafe  greatly  \ff 
its  creeping  Roots,  which  will  fooa 
overfpread  a  large  Spot  of  Gmond, 
if  encouraged ;  but  the  Heads  will 
not  be  fit  to  cut  until  the  Plants  ban 
had  one  Yearns  Growth ;  and,  in  or* 
^  to  have  it  good,  the  Bed  ia 
which  the  Plants  grow,  Ihonld,  at 
J^iichaehnas,  be  covered  over  vitb 
Sand  or  Gravel  aboat  £ofu  or  in 
Inches  thick.which  will  allow  a  pro- 
per Depth  for  the  Shoots  to  be  cot 
before  tbey  appear  above- grooad; 
and  if  this  is  repeated  every Autumiit 
in  the  fame  manner  as  is  prafkifedia 
earthing  of  Afparagus  •  beds,  tbe 
.  Plants  will  require  no  other  Culture. 
This/  may  be  cut  for  Ufe  in  Jfril 
and  Maje  while  it  is  young ;  bat  if 
the  Shoots  are  fuffered  to  remain, 
they  will  produce  fine  regular  Heads 
of  white  Flowers,  which  appear  verj 
handfbme,  and  will  per^  tbeir 
Seeds  by  which*  they  may  be  propa- 
gated. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  atf 
only  preferved  incurious  Gardens  of 
Plants  for  Variety  ;  but  are  not  of 
any  Ufe  or  Beau^. 

CRANE^sBILL.  Fidt  Gen- 
oiufli. 

CRASSULA,  Lefler  Orpine  or 
Hottileek.  This  Name  was  formerly 
applied  to  xhit  Jnacamfjeres  ax  Qtr 
pine. 

The  CharaQers  are ; 

//  hath  the  Appearance  of  HnpA 
jer  Nai/elwort :  frqen  the  firfi  it  £f* 

ftn 


C  R 

firs  in  having  a  Fhnner  of  one  Leaf; 
mmd  from  the  latter  of  *wbich  it  only 
etifftrs    in  hawing  a  Jhort  tuhuhus 
FU^wery  confifting  of  one  Leaf 
The  Species  are ; 

1 .  CitAsavLA  akiffima  perfolieUa, 
Hnri,  Ehb.  Tailed  Craflula»  with 
Xjcaves  furrounding  the  Stalks,  com- 
monly called  Aloe  perfoliata, 

2.  Crassula  anaeampferotis  folio* 
Hort,  Elth.  Craflola  with  an  Orpine- 
leaf. 

3.  Crassula  portulae^  facie  tar* 
horefcenJ.  Hort.  Elth.  Tree-like  Craf- 
fola,  with  the  Face  of  Parflain,  com- 
fluonly  called  the  Purflain-tree. 

4.  Crassula  c^rpofa  langifolia. 
Hart.  Elth.  Onion-like  CrafluJa  with 
a  long  Leaf. 

5. Crassula  caultfcenj,foliisfem- 
pemfi'vi  crnciatis^  Hort,  Elth,  Stalk/ 
Craflula,  with  Houfleek- leaves. 

6.  Crassula  mefembrianthemifa^ 
cie^  foliis  longioribns  afperit.  Hort, 
Elib.  Crafiala  with  the  Face  of  Fi- 
coideSy  and  long  roogh  Leaves. 

7.  Crassula  brhicalaris  r opens ^ 
foUi$  femperwvi^  Hort,  Elth,  Creep- 
ing orbicalarCrairulay  withHoufleek- 
leaves. 

S.CtASSULA  partnlaca fade^  re-- 
fans.  Hart.  Elth.  Creeping  Craf- 
fala»  with  the  Appearance  of  Pur* 
Haitt. 

9.  Crassula  foliis  fubulatis  oh* 
folete  tetragonis,  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff. 
Upright  branching  Crafiula,  with 
Leaves  almotf  fqoare. 

Thefe  Plants  have  been  ranged 
nnder  different  Genera^  by  former 
Botaaifts,  till  Dr.  Dilienius  conftita- 
ted  this  Genas,«nd  brought  them  to- 
gether. The  6rft  Sort  was  put  un- 
der the  Aloe;  the  fecond  under  the 
Cotyledon;  the  third,  fourth,  fifth, 
feventh,  and  eighth  Sorts  under  the 
Sedum ;  the  fixth  and  ninth  Sorts 
were  ranged  under  Ficoides :  the 
Koifon  of  this  was,  that  the  Plants 

Voi.  I. 


C  R 

had  not  then  produced  Flowers  m 
Enrope;  fo  they  had  clafTed  them 
by  the  outward  Face  of  the  Plants. 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope^  from  wlience  they 
were  brought  into  the  European  Gar- 
dens. The  firft,  third,  and  fifth  Sorts 
will  grow  to  be  fhrubby  :  the  firfl 
doth  not  fend  forth  any  Side- 
branches,  unlefs  the  Top  be  cut  off, 
or  fome  way  injured ;  but  it  may  be 
trained  up  fix  or  eight  Feet  high,  if 
it  is  fupported  with  a  Stake.  The 
third  Sort  grows  alroofl  in  a  pyrami- 
dal Form,  and  the  Stalks  and  Leaves 
have  the  Appearance  of  Purflaini 
The  ninth  Sort  grows  very  bufhy, 
and  the  Stalks  are  very  full  of  Joints, 
and  fo  brittle,  that  on  the  Touch 
they  break,  and  the  Pieces  which 
fall  on  the  Ground  will  take  Roor^ 
fo  that  it  is  eafily  propagated.  The 
other  Sorts  are  of  lower  Growth, 
moil  of  them  trailing  on  the  Ground, 
The  eighth  Sort  doth  not  continue 
above  two  Years ;  but  it  frequently 
ripens  Seed,  which,  if  permitted  to 
fcatter  upon  the  Earth  in  the  Pots» 
and  they  are  (heltered  in  Wmter, 
will  produce  young  Plants,  where- 
by the  Kind  may  be  eaiily  pre- 
ferved. 

The  third  Sort  has  not  produced 
any  Flowers  in  this  Country,  that  I 
could  ever  hear  j  but,  from  the  Ap- 
pearance of^  the  Plant,  it  is  ranged 
under  this  Genus. 

All  thefe  Sorts  may  be  eaiily  pro- 
pgated,  by  planting  their  Cuttings, 
in  any  of  the  Summer-months,  on 
a  ihady  Border,  where  they  will  foon 
take  Root,  and  may  be  then  potted 
in  a  fandy  rubbiihing  Earth ;  and 
muft  be  treated  in  the  fame  manner 
as  the  Ficoides's,  to  which  I  ihall 
refer  the  Reader,  to  avoid  Repe- 
tition. • 

CRATiEGUS,  The  WUd-fcr- 
vicc. 

Cc  ,     Tht 


CR 

The  CharaSiTi  nt ; 
Thi  Li^nfts  are  fingU  :  tie  Flower 
im/^i  of  five  Liovitf  wl^cb  txfand 
mfirm  of  m  Rofs  :  the  Fruit  ufmall^ 
aidjhmpti  hki  4t  Pear,  in  wbicb  are 
foataimed  wuuy  bard  Setds, 
Tiie  Sfedes  are ; 

1.  Cratjbous  f^o  iaeimate, 
Toum,  The  common  or  Wild-fier- 
Tice. 

2.  Chat  MGVsfeUe /uiretandQ/er' 

reUOf/Ubtus  incaw,  Teum.  The  white 
Seam-tree^  or  Aria  ^beepbrafti, 

3.  Crataegus  fiUe  ohionge  fer* 
rato  mirinque  wreu/i.  Infi,  R,  H, 
Wild-fervice  with  an  oblong  fawed 
Leaf,  which  is  green  on  both  Sides. 

4.  CraTAOUS  Virginiana^  foiiis 
mrbmii.  Team.  The  Firgiman  Wild- 
fervice,  with  Leaves  like  the  Straw- 
berry-tree. 

The  firft  of  Chefe  Trees  is  very 
common  in  divers  Parts  of  England^ 
growing  in  Woods,  bfc.  The  Leaves 
of  this  Tree  are  vtry  like  thofe  of 
the  lefler  Maple,  from  whence  fome 
Gardeners  hare  given  it  the  Name 
o£  Mafk'leau*d Service:  the  Fruit 
grow  in  Bunches,  and  are  abont  the 
Bignefs  of  black  Cherries,  which  are 
ibmetimes  fold  in  the  Markets  in 
Autumn,  and  are  by  fome  People 
faten  as  Medlars,  Cifr.  but  have  fome- 
what  of  an  auftere  Tafte. 

This  Sort  it  found  growing  wild 
In  feveral  Parts  of  Eugiand^  but 
chiefly  on  flrong  fiiflF  Land,  where 
it  often  grows  to  the  Height  of  thirty 
Feet,  or  upward ;  bat  this  is  not  very 
common  in  Gardens. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  alfo  a  Native 
of  England^  growing  chiefly  on 
chalky  Land;  efpecialiy  in  Smffex 
and  Airxr/,  where  the  Inhabitants  call 
it  the  White- leaf-tree,  on  account  of 
the  filver  Colour  on  the  Under-flde 
of  the  Leaves  :  this  Tree  grows 
about  thirty  Feet ;  but  the  Head  is 
generally  formed  more  in  a  Pyramid 


CR 

than  Ae  former,  refembUng  ia 
Growth  the  Pear-tree :  the  Fruit  of 
thisTree  is  not  quite  fo  large  as  thofe 
of  the  firfl  Sort,  bat  in  oiher  refpeds 
greatly  refembles  it. 

The  third  Sort  is  not  a  Native  of 
England^  and  at  prefent  is  very  rare 
in  the  Engii/b  Garwens :  the  Leavd 
of  this  Sort  are  broader,  and  not  & 
long  as  thofe  of  the  fecond  Sort,  ud 
are  green  on  both  Sides.  I  have  lot 
as  yet  feen  ihe  Frutt  of  this  Sort;  h 
cannot  fay  how  it  differs  from  thofe 
of  the  former. 

All  thefe  Sorts  may  be  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Seeds,  foon  tha 
they  are  ripe,  on  a  Bed  of  comnon 
Earth,  where  the  Plants  will  com 
up  in  the  Spring ;  and  if  they  SR 
duly  watered  in  dry  Weather,  and 
kept  clean  from  Weeds,  they  wiO 
make  good  Progrcfs  the  fame  Year; 
and  in  the  Aatumn^  when  the  Letv» 
decay,  the  Plants  may  be  tranfplaBt' 
ed  into  a  Nurfery,  allowing  three 
Feet  Row  from  Row,  and  plandsg 
them  one  Foot  afonder  in  the  Rows: 
in  this  Nurfery  the  Plants  may  re* 
main  two  Years ;  in  which  time,  if 
the  Ground  is  good,  and  they  are 
.  kept  clear  from  Weeds,  they  will  be 
flrong  enough  to  tranfplant  when 
they  are  to  remain  for  good ;  for 
thefe  Trees  do  not  tranfpTant  well, 
when  they  remain  too  long  lUlr^ 
moved. 

Thefe  Sorts  may  be  propagatoi 
by  budding  or  grafting  them,  eiik 
upon  Stocks  of  rlie  Hawrhom  or 
Medlar,  upon  both  which  thefe  w31 
take :  and  this  is  a  more  expeditioo 
Method  of  propagating  thefe  Trees, 
than  by  Seeds  or  Layers ;  and  tk 
Trees  which  are  fo  railed,  may  ^ 
trained  up  with  better  Stems,  aod 
thefe  will  not  be  liable  to  flioot  op 
Suckers,  as  thofe  Plants  will  do, 
which  are  raifed  from  Suckers. 

Tltf 


C  R 

The  Firghi4aiWi^'{ervict  is  feme^ 
what  tender  while  yoang,  ^iuring 
which  rime  it  will  require  a  little 
Shelter,  but  may  afterwards  be  tranf- 
planted  into  the  full  Ground,  where, ' 
if  it  is  noc  too  much  expofed,  it  will 
thrive  very  well,  and  endure  our 
ferereft  Colds.  This  may  be  pro* 
pagated  by  Seeds,  as  the  former,  or 
from  Layers  and  Suckers ;  and  may 
alio  be  budded  or  inarched  into  any 
of  the  former  Sorts. 

This  is  a  very  humble  Shrub  with 
OS  in  England^  feldom  riling  above 
three  Feet  high  s  hot  will  often  pro- 
duce Fruit  before  the  Plant  is  one 
Foot  high:  the  Flowers  and  Fruit 
of  this  Sort  are  noc  produced  in  large 
B  nches,  as  are  thofe  of  the  former 
Sorts ;  but  are  four  or  ^^t  at  moft 
in  each  Banch,  tho*  the  fingle  Fruits 
are  not  much  iefs  than  thole  of  the 
fecond  Sort.  This  Sort  b  yet  prrtty 
rare  in  the  Englifi  Gardens. 

CRESSES,     GARDEN.      Vidi 

Nafturtium. 

CRESSES,  INDIAN,  Vide 
Acriviola. 

CRESSES,  WATER.  Vidt  Si- 
fyaibrium. 

CRINUM,  Lily-afphodel. 
This  Name  is  given  by  Dr.  Lim- 
94tus:  the  other  of  Lilio  afphodeius^ 
by  which  it  had  formerly  been  called, 
being  a  compound  Name,  he  has 
rejected.    . 

The  CharaQtrs  are ; 
^he  Umbel  of  Fhwers  is  included 
in  one  common  Co*ver^  ivhUb  tj  cut 
into  tnuo  Part$^  and  is  refit xed  njuhen 
$be  FlarMtrs  come  out :  the  Fio^Juer  is 
^fone  Leaf,  end  is  funnel Jbaped^  and 
cut  into  fix  Parts  at  the  Brim  ;  three 
of  *wbicby  being  alternately  placed^ 
art  crooked:  from  the  Bottom  of  the 
Fhwer  arifefix  long  Siaaoinsi,  fafiend 
to  the  Tube  of  the  Fbrwer :  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Flotner  is  fituated  the 
feintalf  'which  ajtcrward  becomes  an 


C  R 

ovaI  Stid^*ttfffel^  dit>idtd  into  thrit 
Celh^  each  halving  a  fingle  Seed, 

We  have  but  x)ne  Sort  of  thit 
at  prefent  in  the  Gardens  ; 

Cr  I N  u  M .  Lan,  Hort .  Cliff,  Ame* 
rican  Afphodel  -  lily,  with  many 
white  Flowers. 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  of  America^ 
from  whence  the  Roots  have  been 
brought  into  the  EngUfi?  Gardens  : 
it  is  pretty  tender;  fo  requires  a 
Stove  to  preferve  it,  otherwise  it  will 
not  live  in  this  Country :  if  thefe 
Plants  are  pi^  into  pretty  large  Pots, 
and  plunged  into  the  Tan-bed  in 
the  Stove,  they  will  increafe  very 
fail  by  their  creeping  Roots,  and 
will  produce  Plenty  of  Flowers  ; 
the  Stems  of  thefe  Flowers  com- 
monly rife  two  Feet  h  gh,  and  pro- 
duce very  large  Cluflers  of  white 
Flowers,  having  a  narrow  Stripe  of 
Purple  on  the  Outiide  of  the  Petals ; 
thefe  have  a  llrong  fweet  Scent,  but 
are  of  a  (hort  Duration,  rarely  con«* 
tinuing  in  Beauty  above  three  or 
four  Days;  but  when  the  Plants  are 
kept  in  a  moderate  Degree  of 
Warmth,  they  will  produce  Flowers 
at  feveral  times  of  the  Year  ;  fo  are 
worthy  of  a  PL\ce  in  Gardens  where 
there  are  proper  Conveniencies  to 
keep  them  :  they  alfo  produce  ripe 
Seeds  in  England^  which  may  rather 
be  called  Buib^  than  Seeds. 

CRirHMUiVI,  Samphire. 
The  CharaQert  are  i 

The  Lfames  are  thick^  fucculent^ 
nnrrotWf  branchy^  and  trifid  Z  the 
Flotuer!  gronv  in  an  Umbil^  e^tch  con^ 
pfiing  of  fi<ve  Lea*ves,  ivh'ch  expand 
in  form  of  a  Rofi :  the  EmpaLmrnt 
of  the  Flonuer  becomes  a  Fruity  confijl- 
ing  of  tnjoo  plain  and -^gently  fireakid 
Seeds, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  common  in  England  i  which 

IS, 


CC   2 


CURN 


C  R 

Crithmum,  fivt  famculum  nut" 
rhimum  v:inus.  Smaller  Samphire, 
or  Sea- fennel. 

This  Plant  grows  in  great  Plenty 
upon  the  Rocks  near  the  Sca-fhore, 
where  it  is  wafti'd  by  the  Salt-water; 
but  will  not  grow  to  any  Strength 
in  a  Garden,  tho*  it  may  be  prefervM 
feveral  Years,  and  propagated  by 
parting  its  creeping  Roots  in  the 
Spring.  This  (hould  be  planted  in 
Pots  hi  led  with  gravelly  coarfe  Soil, 
and  in  Summer  plentifully  watered  : 
in  this  Management  it  will  grow  to- 
lerably well,  and  produce  Flowers; 
but  rarely  perfects  its  Seeds  in  a 
Garden,  nor  is  the  Herb  near  fo 
good  for  Ufe  as  that  gathered  from 
the  Rocks.  This  Piant  is  greatly 
cfteemed  for  pickling,  and  is  fome- 
times  ufed  in  Medici ne. 

CRISTA    GALLL       Vide  Pe- 
dicularis. 

CRISTA  PAVONIS.  T/V-rPoin. 
ciana. 

CROCUS,  Saffron. 

The  Characters  are ; 
It  hath  a  Flanver  confift'mg  of  one 
Leaf  <which  is  Jhafed  like  a  Lily, 
Jiftulous  underneath^  the  Tube  ividttt- 
ing  into  fix  Segments^  and  rcfting  on 
the  Footfialk :  the  Pointal  ri/es  out 
ef  the  Bottom  of  the  Flower j  and  is 
divided  into  three  headed  and  crefted 
Capillaments ;  hut  the  Empalement  of- 
terwjard  turns  to  an  oblong  triangular 
Fruit,  di*vided  into  three  Cells,  and 
is  full  of  roundijh  Seeds  :  to  thefe 
Maris  muft  he  added.  It  hath  a  tube- 
ro/e  Rootf  and  long  narro^v  grajjy 
Lea*ves,  nvith  a  longitudinal  ftvhite 
Furrow  thro*  the  Middle  of  each. 

In  giving  a  Lift  of  their  feveral 
Names,  I  (hall  divide  them  into  two 
Claffes  ;  in  the  firft  of  which  I  (hall 
place  all  the  Spring-flowering  Cro- 
cus's nearly  in  the  Order  of  their 
Flowering  ;  and,  in  the  fecond,  (hall 
iafcrt  thole  which  flower  in  Autumn, 


c  R 

amongft  which  will  come  the  tnte 
SaiFron. 

1.  Crocus  'vernus  ftriatus  nml- 
gar  is.  Park,  Far,  The  ordinary 
Uriped  Crocus,  commonly  called, 
the  Scotch  Crocus. 

2 .  Crocus  'vemus  luteus  verficoler 
primus.  Park,  Par.  The  bell  Clodl 
of  Gold  Crocus. 

3 .  Crocus  fuernus  latifoUusfiamm, 
C,  B,     The  Dutch  yellow  Crocus. 

4.  Crocus  vrmus  minor  alSi cam, 
C.  B.  Small  whitifh  Spring  Cro- 
cus. 

^.  Crocus  *vemus,flore  alho,  fmr- 
pureo-njiolacea  hafi,  C.  B.  Spring 
Crocus,  with  a  white  Flower,  ao4 
a  purple-violet  Bottom. 

6  Crocvs  *uernus  latifo/ius^^fi!a'go' 
*vario  pre  duplici.  Cluf  Hift\  Th« 
double  Cioth  of  Gold  Crocus. 

7.  Crocus  vernus  latifolius  Ja* 
'vusy  fore  minore  ^  pallidiore^  C.  B, 
Spring  Crocus,  with  fmaller  pale- 
yellow  Flowers. 

8  Crocus  fvernus latifolius  J!a<;». 
n)arius  C.  B,  Spring  Crocus,  with 
yellow  variable  Flowers. 

9.  Crocus  vemus  anguffifolius, 
mngno  flore  Candida,  C,B.  Narrow- 
leav'd  Spring  Crocus,  with  large 
white  Flowers. 

10.  Crocus  vemus  alhus  flriatns. 
Park,  Par.  The  white-ftripcd  Cro- 
cus. 

1 1.  Crocus  vemus  alhus  poly  am* 
ihos  verficolor.  Park.  Par.  The 
particolourd  Crocus,  with  many 
Flowers. 

12.  Crocus    vernus    Lti'hlim^ 
flore  penitus  albo,    ad  infundihuitnm 
parum     coerulefcente,     Boerh.     lad, 
White-fl'ather'd  Crocus,  vulgo, 

1 3. Crocus  vemus  latifolius, fi^re 
purpurea  magna.  C,  B.  Broad-l<avM 
Spring  Crocus,  with  a  large  purple 
Flower. 

14.  Crocus  vemus  latifolius  pur' 
pure  us  variegatm.  C  B^  firoad-leav  <} 

Spring 


C  R  OR 

Spring  Crocus,  with  a  purple-ftriped  cfpecially  if  they  arc  fuffered  to  rc- 

Flower.  main  two  or  three  Years  unremoved : 

15.  Crocvs  *vemus  latlfolius^  they  will  grow  in  almoft  any  Soil 
fort  caruleo,  Hneis  wlaceis  *varie'  or  Situation,  and  arc  very  great  Or- 
gato.  C.  B,  Broad-leav'd  Spring  naments  to  a  Garden  early  in  the 
Crocus,  with  a  blue  Flower,  flriped  Spring,  before  many  other  Flowers 
with  Violet.  appear.  They  are  commonly  planted 

16.  Crocus  *vemu5  iat  if  alius  ^  al-  near  the  Edges  of  Borders  on  the 
hus  <vel  ciTtertctus.  C  B.  Broad-  Sides  of  Walks :  in  doing  of  which, 
leavM  Spring  Crocus,  with  a  white  you  fhould  be  careful  to  plant  fuch 
or  afli-colour'd  Flower.  Sorts  in  the  fame  Line  as  flower  at 

17.  Crocus  *vemus  latifolius pur^  the  fame  time,  and  are  of  an  equal 
puro-'viclaceus,  C.  B.  The  Icffer  Growth,  otherwife  the  Lines  will 
purple  violet-colour'd  Crocus,  with  feem  imperfedl.  Thefe  Roots,  losing 
broad  Leaves.  their  Fibres  with  their  Leaves,  may 

18.  Crocus  *vimus  latifoHus  par-  then  be  taken  up,  and  kept  dry  un- 
va/,  ftore  extus  pallidoy  cum  lituris  til  the  Beginning  of  September^  ob- 
purpurcisy  in/uj  carulefcente  pallida,  ferving  to  keep  them  from  Vermin ; 
Boerb,  Ind.  Broad-leav'd  Spring  for  the  Mice  are  very  fond  of  them. 
Crocus,  with  a  fmall  Flower  of  a  When  you  plant  thefe  Roots,  after 
pale  Colour  on  the  Outflde,  with  having  drawn  a  Line  upon  the  Bor* 
purple  Stripes,  and  the  Infide  of  a  der,  make  Holes  with  a  Dibble  about 
pale-blue  Colour.                               -  twc^  Inches  deep  or  more,  according 

19.  Crocus  <vemus  anguftifolius^  to  the  Lightnefs  of  the  SoiL  and  two 
parvo  flare,  C.  B.  Narrow  -  leav'd  Inches  Diltance  from  each  other,  in 
Spring  Crocus,  with  a  fmall  purple  which  you  mud  place  the  Roots  with 
Flower.  the  Bud  uppermoftj   then  with  a 

20.  Crocus     vintus,    capil/ari    Rake  (ill  up  the  Holes  in  fuch  a  , 
foiio.   Cluf.   Jpp.      Spring  Crocus,    manner  as  that  the  Upper-part  of 
with  a  capillaceous  Leaf.  the  Root  may  be  covered  an  Inch  or 

There  are  fevcral  other  Varieties  more,  being  careful  not  to  leave  any 

of  the  Spring  Crocus  to  be  found  in  of  the  Holes  open  ;  for  this  will  e:  - 

the  curious  Gardens  of  the  FloriUs,  tice  the  Mice  to  them,  which,  wh'en 

which  are  feminal  Produftions  j  for  once   they  have   found    them  out, 

there  may  be  as  great  Variety  of  will  dcftroy  all  your  Roots,  if  they 

thefe  Flowers  raifed  from  Seeds,  as  are  not  prevented, 

there  is  of  Hyacinths,  Iris's,  ^r.  In   January^  if   the  Weather  is 

Were  we  curious  in  faving  and  fow-  mild,  the  Crocus  will  appear  above- 

ing  the  Seeds  of  all  the  different  ground;  and  in /v«^ra.7rytr\eirFlowers 

Kinds.  The  manner  of  fowing  thefe  will  appear,  before  the  green  Leaves 

Seeds  being  exadlly  the  fame  with  are  grown  to  any  Length ;    fo  that 

the  Xiphium,  I  (hall  refer  the  Reader  the  Flower  feems  at  firll  to  be  naked ; 

to  that  Article  for  farther  Inftruc-  but  foon  after  the  Flowers  decav,  the 

tions ;  but  Ihall  obferve  here,  that  green  Leaves  gro.v  to  be  fix  or  eight 

the  Seeds  fhould  be  fown  foon  after  Inches  loncj,  which  {hould  not  be 

they  are  ripe.  cut  off  until  they  decay,  notwith- 

All  thefe  feveral  Varieties  of  Cro-  ftanding   they    appear  a  little  un- 

cns*s  are  very  hardy,    and  will  in-  fightly;  for  by  cutting  off" the  Leaves, 

^tcafc  exceedingly   by  their  Roots,  the  Roots  will  be  fo  weakened,  as 

Cc  3  not 


C  R 

jK)t  to  arrive  at  half  their  afoal  Big- 
Tit{s ;  nor  will  their  Flowers  the  fuc- 
ceeding  Year  be  half  fo  large :  their 
Seeds  are  commonly  ripe  about  the 
Latter-end  of  Jpril,  or  the  Begin- 
ning of  May^  when  the  green  Leaves 
begin  CO  decay. 
The  fecond  Clafs,  or  Autamnal ' 

Crocus's.   . 

1.  Ctiocus  fativuj,  C,B.  The 
true  Saffron. 

2.  Crocus  Jlpinus  mutumnalis, 
C.  B.  Autamnal  Crocus  of  the 
J/ps. 

{.  CfLOCV s  jtmci/cliut  autumnalit^ 
fiott    magm    futfurafcinte*     Boerh. 

The  Automnal  Crocus's  are  not 
fo  great  Increafers  as  are  thofe  of 
the  Spring,  nor  do  they  produce 
Seeds  in  our  Climacey  h  that  they 
are  lefs  common  in  the  Gardens^ 
except  the  true  Saffron,  whtch^  is 
propagated  for  Ufe  in  great  Plenty 
in  many  Parts  of  EngUnd:  thefe 
nay  be  taken  up  every  third  Year, 
M  was  directed  for  the  Spring  Cro- 
Ctts*s,  but  fhould  not  be  kept  out  of 
the  Ground  longer  than  the  Begin- 
ning of  Anguft ;  for  they  commonly 
produce  their  Flowers  in  Septembir^ 
or  the  Beginning  ofOSizberi  fo  that 
if  they  remain  too  long  out  of  the 
Ground,  they  will  not  produce  their 
Flowers  fo  firong,  nor  in  fuch  Plenty, 
is  when  they  are  planted  early. 

CROTOLARIA. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  bath  fingU  Lea«ves^  in  nvhicb  it 
Jiiffers  fr^m   Reft-barrofw ;    and  the 
Pods  an  turgid^  in  ^wbicb  it  differs 
from  SpaoiHi  Broom. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Crotolaria     Afiatica^  folio 
J^gulari  'Vtrrucofi^  Jiorihus  caeruieis, 

//.  L-     Afiatic  Cro.olaria,   with   a 
£ngle  warted  Leaf,  and  blue  Flowers, 

2.  Crotolaria    Afiatica^  folio 
Jl'*Z^l'i^i  cordiformit   fori  bus  /utqj. 


C  R 

H.  t.  Afiatic  Crotolaria,  with  an 
heart  -  fliaped  L^»  sumI  yellow 
Flowers. 

3.  Crotolaria  Africasus^  Jlj» 
radsfolio^flore  cceruloo,  Toum,  Afri* 
tan  Crotolaria*  with  a  Leaf  of  the 
Sworax-tre^,  and  a  blue  Flower 

4.  Croto  L  A  R I A  fagittaUs  glabra^ 
longioribus  folirs,  Americana,  PIsUl^ 
Pbyt,  American  Crotolaria,  with 
long  fmooth  Spearwort-leaves. 

5.  Crotolaria  Americana^  eanU 
alato^  fdiii  piUfis,  floribus  in  tlyrjo 
iuteis.  Martjn.  Decad.  5 .  Amrricam 
Crotolaria,  with  a  winged  Scalk» 
hairy  Leaves,  and  yellow  Flowen 
growing  in  a  Spike. 

6.  Crotolaria  ari  folio  fapt^ 
tato^  fori  Imteo,  Plum,  Cat,  Cro* 
tolaria  with  a  fpear-ihaped  Arum- 
leaf,  and  a  yellow  Flower. 

7 .  Crot o  l  A  R  lA  ari  folio  frngitr 
tato^  flore  purpurafcente.  Plum,  Cat. 
Crotolaria  with  a  fpear-fhaped  Arum* 
leaf,  and  a  purplifh  Flower. 

S.'Ckotolaki  A  fruiefcensbrr/mte^ 
fore  luteo^  rmmulis  alatis,  foliis  mm^ 
cronatis,  Houft,  Shrubby  hairy  Cro- 
tolaria, with  a  yellow  Flower,  winged 
Branches,  and  pointed  Leaves. 

The  three  iirft  -  mentioned  Sorts 
were  brought  from  the  Eaftlndiesi 
they  are  all  of  them  figured  in  the 
Hortus  Malabaricus,  Thefe  were 
much  more  common  in  the  Gardens 
fome  Years  ago  than  they  are  at  pre- 
fent ;  for  there  having  been  two  or 
three  bad  Seafons  fucceeding  each 
other  about  the  Year  x  739.  the  Seeds 
of  thefe  Plants  did  not  come  to  Ma- 
turity i  whereby  it^&y  are  almoft  loft 
in  Europe, 

The  other  Sorts  arc  Natives  of 
America^  from  whence  their  Seeds 
have  been  introduced  into  EttgUmd; 
where  the  Plants  are  pfeferved  by 
fome  curious  Pfrfons. 

The  firft,  fecond,  and  fourth 
Sprtp  ar^  annual:  the  Seeds  of  thefe 


C  R 

flMift  be  fown  on  an Hotbej  eftrljr 

in  the  Spring ;  and  when  the  Plants 

are   come  up,  they  iduft  be  tranf- 

planced  into  a  frefh  Hot-bed^  and 

treated  in  the  fame  manner  as  is 

directed  for  Amaranths,   to  which 

Article  I  refer  the  Reader^  to  avoid 

Repetition.    If  thefe  are  brought 

forward  early  in  the  Year,  they  will/ 

jivodace  their  Flowers  in  July^  and 

perfe^  their   Seeds  in  Septemhtr ; 

bat  if  they  are  late,  and  the  Autumn 

Ihoald  prove  bad»  they  will  not  live 

to  ripen  Seeds ;  therefore  it  is  the 

better  Way  to  fdace  the  Pots  in  a 

Bark-ftove,  which  will  bring  them 

forward,  and  perfefl  their  Seeds. 

The  third  Sort  will  abide  three 
or  four  Years,  if  preferved  in  a 
warm  Stove,  and  will  produce 
Flowers  and  Seeds  aonnally,  by 
which  it  may  be  propagated.  All 
thefe  Varieties  are  very  ornamental 
to  carious  Gardens  of  Plants. 

The  three  iaft  Sorts  are  aniinal 
Plants,  which  flionld  be  raifed  on 
aft  Uot-bcd  early  in  the  Spring ;  for 
if  they  are  not  brought  forward  at 
thai  Seafon,  they  &ldom  perfedl 
their  Seeds  in  this  Country.  As 
thefe  Sorts  are  to  be  managed  in  the 
iame  maaocr  as  thoie  which  are  be* 
fOre-mentioned  i  it  is  necdlefs  to 
lepeat  it  here. 

The  fourth  Sort  will  grow  to  the 
Height  of  fix  or  feven  Feet,  pro- 
vide die  Plants  are  preierved  in  a 
warn  Stove,  otherwife  they  will  not' 
live  thro'  the  Winter.     Thefe  are 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which  fhould 
he  (own  on  an  Hot- bed  earty  in  the 
Spring;  and  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up  an  Inch  high,  they  fhould 
be  carefully  tranfplanced  into  fmall 
Pots,  filled  with  fre(h  Earth,   and 
lounged  into  an  Hot- bed  of  Tan- 
ners Bark,  obferving  to  (hade  them 
imtii  they  have  taken  Root ;  after 


c  ly 

which  time  they  fhould  haito  Ah*  ani 
Water  in  proportion  to  the  Warmtb 
of  the  Seafon.  In  this  Bed  thef 
may  remain  until  the  Plants  reach 
the  Glafles,  when  they  mnft  be  re« 
moved  into  the  Bark-ltove,  obferv« 
ing  to  fiiifc  the  Plants  into  larger  Pots^ 
as  they  fhall  require  it. 

CROWN  IMPBRIAL.  VUi 
Corona  Imperialis. 

CRUeiATA,  Ch>6-wort^ 
The  CbaraSiTs  are; 

li  hutbfaft  hiovti  iiki  the  Udia- 
hedftraw^  from  nvhicb  it  dijftrt  M 
the  Number  of  Leaves  •which  are  pr§* 
dueei  at  every  Joint,  *wbieh  it$  this 
0re  only  four,  diffqfed  in  form  ^  « 
Crofs, 

Tht  Species  ZTti 

1.  CauciATA  hirfistm.  C.  B, 
Rough  or  hairy  Crofswort. 

2.  CauciATA  glabra.  C.  B* 
Smooth  Crofs^woft. 

3.  Cruciata  Jlfina  lattfo}i4 
tttvis.  Tournr  BrOad  fniooCh-leav*4 
Croffr-iNtort  of  the  Alps. 

4.  CavciATA  Oriontaks  latifoUm 
ireiSa  glabra.  T.Cot.  Upright  and 
Oriefttal  Crofs-wort,  with  broad 
fmooth  Leaves. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Phmts  is  ibne- 
timesufedinMedicine:  this  is  found 
wild  in  divers  Parts  of  England^ 
growing  on  dry  fandy  Banks.  ^ 

The  ether  Sorts  aare  preferved  in 
Botanic  Gardens  for  the  fake  of 
Variety ;  but  there  is  no  great  Beauty 
in  them.  They  may  all  of  them  be 
cafily  propaeaCed  byPorfens  curioua 
that  way  1  for  they  fpread  an&  ii|- 
creafe  by  their  creeping  Roots,  or 
trailing  Branches  firiking  Root  as 
they  lie  upon  the  Ground,  They 
love  a  light  fandy  Soil. 

CRUPINA  BELGARUM.  Vide 
Scrratula. 

CUCUBALUS,  Berry  -  hearing 
Chickweed. 

Cc  ^  Tht 


c  u 

Tlic  QfaraBers  are ; 

The  Fiofwer  cMJifis  of  fioi  Leaver ^ 
n»bicb  an  bifida  and  di/pofid  in  a  cir* 
tular  Order  :  tbi  Pointai  becomes  a 
/eft  o*valJbaped  Beny,  nubich  w  /«- 
eluded  in  the  Fiotuer'cup^  as  in  m 
Bladder^  and- containing  many  Iddney 
Jhaped  Seeds, 

There  is  bat  one  Species  of  tkis 
Plant ,  which  is, 

CuctTBALvs  Plinii.  Lugd.  Berry- 
bearing  Chickweed. 

This  Plant  is  of  no  great  Ufe  or 
Beauty,  and  is  feldom  preferved  in 
Gardens,  except  for  Variety-fake : 
it  grows  wild  in  many  Parts  of  Ger^ 
many,  and  hatk  alfo  been  found  in 
the  North  of  England.  It  is  eafily 
propagated  by  fowing  the  Seeds,  or 
planting  the  Roots,  which  will  in  a 
fhort  time  overfpread  a  large  Spot 
of  Ground,  if  fuiFered  to  remain ; 
and  it  delights  in  a  moiil  fhady 
Place. 

Dr.  Linnaeus  has  joined  to  this 
Genus  feveral  Species  of  Lychnis, 
¥fbich  agree  in  their  Flowers  with 
thofrof  cnis  Genus ;  but  as  the  Fruit 
of  this  is  a  foft  pulpy  Berry,  and 
thofe  of  the  other  Species  which  he 
has  added  having  a  dry  Capfule, 
where  the  Fruit  is  admitted  as  a  cha- 
ra£teriftic  Note,  thefe  cannot  be 
joined  together. 

CUCUMIS,  The  Cucumber. 
The  Charaffers  zie ; 

It  hath  a  F/o*wer  confifting  of  one 
Jingle  Leaf  <whicb  is  belljhaped^  and 
sxpandtd  tcnuards  the  Topy  and  cat 
into  many  Segments,  of  nulnch  fome 
etre  Male  or  barren^  hanging  no  Em^ 
hryo,  but  only  a  large  Style  in  the 
lAiddle,  %wbi<h  is  charged  ijoith  the 
Farina :  others  are  Female  or  fruitjui^ 
being  fajien^d  to  an  Embryo^  tuhicb 
is  aft t  reward  changed  into  a  flejby 
Fruit,  for  the  rnofi  part  oblong  and 
$urbinat$dp  *whi(b  is  divided  into  thru 


cu 

tr  four  Cells  inclojmg  massy  ptJmtg 
Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 
X.    CucvMis    fativMS    vn/garis, 
matwro  fruBu  fuhluteo,  C,  B.     The 
common  Cucumber. 

2.  CucuMis  fativsu  imlgaris^ 
fruau  alho.  C,  B.  The  white  Cu- 
cumber. 

3.  CucuMis  obUngus,  Dod,,  The 
long  Tnrij  Cucumber. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Kinds  is  the 
moft  common  in  the  £ji^/r>^  Gardens, 
of  which  there  are  two  or  three  Va- 
rieties, differing  in  the  Length  or 
Roughnefs  of  the  outer  Skin  of  the 
Fruit:  but  the(e  being  only  acci- 
dental Sportings  of  Nature,  I  (hall 
pafs  them  over  without  making  anjr 
DiftindHon  of  them. 

The  fecond  Sort,  which  is  by  far 
the  better  Fruit,  as  being  lefs  wady, 
and  containing  fewer  Seeds,  is  the 
moil  common  Kind  cultivated  ia 
Holland ;  for  I  do  not  remember  to 
have  feen  one  of  our  green  Sort  in 
any  of  the  Markets  in  that  Coun- 
try. 

The  third  Sort  is  propagated  in 
fome  curious  Gardens,  for  the  un- 
common Length  of  its  Fruit,  and 
alfo  iu  having  lefs  Water,  and  ftwer 
Seeds :  but  it  is  not  fo  fruitful  as  the 
common  Kind,  nor  will  it  come  fo 
early. 

The  common  Sort  is  cultivated  io 
three  different  Seafons:  the  firilof 
which  is  on  Hot-beds  under  Garden- 
frames,  for  earty  Fruit :  the  feoond 
is  under  Bell  or  Hand-glaifes,  for 
the  middle  Crop  :  and  the  third  is 
in  the  common  Ground,  for  a  late 
Crop,  or  to  pickle. 

I  (hall  begm  with  giving  Direc- 
tions for  raifing  Cucumbers  early, 
which  is  what  moil  Gentlemens  Gar- 
deners have  an  £muiation  to  exceed 
each  other  in  j  and  fome  |iave  been 


c  u 

at  tbe  Pains  and  Expenoe  to  have 
diis  Frait  in'  every  Month  of  the 
Year;  which  is  rather  a  Curiofity 
than  any  real  Advantage ;  for  Cu- 
camhersthat  are  produced  before 
i^/W/ cannot  be  fo  wbolfome  as  thofe 
that  are  later :  for  before  the  Sun 
hath  Strength  enough  to  warm  the 
Beds  thro'  the  Glafles  in  the  Day- 
tine,  all  the  Force   muft  proceed 
from  the  Fermentation  of  the  Dung, 
which  muft  confequently  occafion  a 
rery  oonfiderable  Steam,  as  aKo  a 
great  Quantity  of  Air  wilt  be  there- 
by generated,  which,  being  pent  up 
in  the  Hot- bed,  foon  becomes  ran- 
cid; and  the  Steam  of  the  Bed  being 
by  the  Cold  of  the  Night  condenfed 
into  large  Drops  of  Water,  thefe, 
being  abforb'd  or  infpirM  by  the 
Plants,  muft  certainly  make  the  Fruit 
erode  and  unhealthy,  efpecially  when 
the  Nights   are  very  long.     This, 
together  with  the  great  Expence  and 
Trouble  of  procuring  them  earlier, 
having  almoft  got  the  better  of  Peo- 
ples Ambition,  hath  renderM  it  leTs 
praftifed  than  it   bath  been  fome 
Years  fince.     1  (hall    begin    with 
giving  plain  Diredions  how  to  pro- 
core  Plenty  of  good  handfome  Fruit 
in  Jlpril, 

Towards  the  latter  End  of  Janw 
oryjoxk  muft  provide  a  Quantity  of 
new  Horfe-dung,  with  the  Litter 
mixed  together  (in  proportion  to  the 
Number  of  Plants  you  intend  to 
nufe,  which  if  for  a  private  Family, 
two  Loads  will  be  full  enough) :  this 
ihould  be  thrown  into  an  Heap, 
mixing  a  few  Sea-coal  Afties  there- 
with ;  in  about  four  or  five  Days  af- 
ter, the  Dung  will  begin  to  heat, 
at  which  time  you  may  draw  a  little 
Part  of  the  Heap  on  the  Outfide  flat, 
laying  thereon  a  little  good  Earth, 
about  two  Inches  thick ;  this  you 
ihould  cover  with  a  Bell-glafs,  lay- 
|o^  a  Utile  dry  Ljtter  thereon  s  and 


c  u 

in  a  D^y  or  two  after,  when  yoa  . 
perceive  the  Earth  to  be  warm,  yott 
muft  put  your  Seeds  therein,  cover- 
ing them  about  a  quarter  of  an  Inch, 
with  the  fame  Earth ;  then  put  the 
Glafs  on  again :  and  alfo  at  Nighty 
or  in  bad  Weather,  obferve  to  cover 
the  Glafs  with  dry  Litter  or  Mats, 
Cff^.  and  in  three  or  four  Days  time 
(if  the  Dung  be  in  a  good  Temper 
of  Heat)  the  Plants   will    appear 
above  ground  ;  which  when  you  firft 
obferve,  you  muft  immediately  widi 
the  adjoining  Heap  of  Dung  make 
a  Bed  of  one  fingle  Light,  being 
careful  not  to  take  the  Dung  away 
too  dofe  to  the  Bell-glafs,  but  ob- 
ferving  to  lay  a  little  Dung  round 
about  it,  as  alfo  to  keep  it  covered, 
that  the  young  Plants  may  not  re- 
ceive a  Check  tliereby.    This  Hot- 
bed  will  require  to  be  three  Feet 
thick  in  Dung  at  leaft,  which,  ia 
the  making,    ftioold   be  carefully 
mixed,  and  beat  pretty  dofe  witk 
the  Fork,  to  prevent  the  Heat  from 
being  too  fudden  and  violent :  then 
lay  fome  frefli  Earth  upon  the  Dung, 
about  three  Inches  thick,  levelling 
it  very  even,  and  put  on  the  Frames 
covering  it  over  in  the  Night,  or  in 
bad  Weather,  with  a  Mac,  (fTr.  as 
before,  in  oider  to  excite  an  Heat  in 
the  Bed  ;  and  as  foon  as  you  perceive 
the  Bed  to  be  in  a  gieod  kindly 
Temper  of  Heat,  you  (hould  prick 
your  young  Plants  thereon,  at  about 
two  Inches  Diftance  each  Way,  ob- 
ferving  to  put  them  into  the  Earth 
almoft  up  to  their  Seed-leaves. 

If  the  Bed  is  of  a  good  Temper 
for  Heat,  your  Plants  will  take  Root 
in  lefs  than  twenty -fonr  Hours,*  after 
which  time  you  muft  be  careful  to 
let  in  a  little  Air,  at  fuch  times  when 
the  Weather  will  permit,  as  alfo  to 
turn  the  GlafTes  upfide  downwards 
every  Day  to  dry ;  for  the  Steam  of 
the  Bed,  condenftng  on  the  Glafles, 
7  will 


"will  fall  down  upon  the  Plant*,  and 
be  very  injuhoaa  to  them;  and 
therefore  whenever  the  Weather  it 
fo  bad  as  not  to  permit  the  GlaiTes 
to  lie  turned  long»  you  ihould  at 
leaA  turn  them  once  or  twice  a  Day, 
and  w^>e  off*  the  Moifture  with  a 
woollen  Cloch;  but  you  mail  alio 
be  vtry  careful  how  you  let  in  too 
much  cold  Air,  wbidi  is  equally  de- 
itrudlive  to  the  tender  Plants ;  there- 
fore, to  avoid  thi«,  it  is  a  very  good 
Method  to  faften  before  the  upper 
Side  of  the  Frame,  where  the  Air  W 
fttfFered  to  enter  the  Bed,  a  Piece  of 
coarfe  Cloth,  or  a  Mat,  fo  that  the 
Air  which  enters  may  paTs  through 
that,  which  will  render  it  leia  inja- 
Tious  to  your  Plants. 
.  You  muft  alfo  be  very  cautious 
in  giving  Water  to  the  Planu  while 
young;  and  whenever  this  is  done. 
It  ihould  be  fparingly,  aad  the  Wa* 
ter  ihould  be  placed  either  into  aa 
Heap  of  Dung,  or  in  Ibme  other 
warm  Place*  for  ibme  time  before  it 
is  nied,  ib  as  to  be  nearly  of  a  Tenn- 
perature  for  Warmth  with  the  in- 
dofed  Air  of  the  Hot-bed;  and  aa 
the  Plants  advance  in  Height,  yoft 
fikOttld  have  a  little  dry  iifted  Earth 
idwayt  ready,  to  earth  op  their 
Shaaiks,  which  will  greatly  i(r«ngth» 
en  them.  Yon  maft  alio  be  very 
careful  to  keep  up  the  Heat  of  the 
Bed;  which  if  you  ihould  iind  de- 
cline, you  muft  lay  a  little  frelh 
Litter  round  about  the  Sides  of  the 
Bed,  and  alfo  keep  the  GlaiTes  well 
covered  in  the  Nights,  or  in  bad 
Weather :  but  if,  on  the  other  band, 
your  Bed  ihould  prove  too  hoc,  you 
ihould  thruft  a  large  Stake  into  the 
Side  of  the  Dung  in  two  or  three 
Places,  almoft  to  the  Middle  of  the 
JBed,  which  will  make  large  Holes, 
thro^  which  the  greateil  Part  of  the 
Steam  will  pafs  off  without  afcend- 
'Mg  ^0  die  Top  pf  the  B^  |  and 


cu 

when  you  find  it  has  aafwered  your 
Porpofe  by  ilacking  the  Heat  of 
your  Bed,  you  .muli  ftop  them  sp 
again  with  Dung. 

Thafe  Directions,  if  carefully  at* 
tended  to,  will  be  fufficieat  for  rait 
ingthe  Plants  in  the  firft  Bed:  yea 
muil  therefore,  when  you  peiteife 
the  third  rough  Leaf  begin  to  ap- 
pear, prepare  another  Hoip  of  6dh 
Dung,  which  ihould  be  mued  witk 
Afiies,  as  was  before  direded:  this 
ihould  be  in  Quantity  accordbg  to 
the  Number  of  Holes  you  intend  n 
make.  The  common  Allowance 
for  ridging  out  the  earlieft  Plants  is, 
one  Load  to  each  Light  or  Hok,  io 
that  the  Bed  will  be  near  three  Fed 
thick  in  Dung ;  but  for  fnch  as  are 
not  ridged  out  till  March,  two  Loads 
of  Dung  will  be  fufficient  for  three 
Holes;  for  I  could  never  obiienre 
any  Advanuge  i»  naaking  thde 
Beds  fo  thick  with  Dang  as  ibaie 
People  do:  their  Crops  au-e  feldom 
better,  if  fo  good,  as  thofe  whid 
are  ef  a  mo&rate  Subilance;  nor 
are  they  forwarder,  and  the  Froitis 
rarely  ^  fair ;  nor  do  rhe  Vines  con- 
tinue ^  long  in  Hesdth. 

Jn  making  thefe  Beds,  you  muft 
carefully  mix  the  Dung,  ihakingit 
well  with  the  Fork,  fo  as  not  to 
leave  any  Clods  of  Dung  udepa- 
rated,  as  alfo  to  beat  it  down  pretty 
clofe,  to  prevent  the  Steam  ht» 
rifing  too  haftily ;  you  muilaHbbc 
careful  to  lay  it  yery  even,  and  ce 
beat  or  prefs  down  the  Dong  equal^ 
in  every  Part  of  the  Bed,  othorwi^ 
it  will  fettle  in  Holes,  whjch  will 
be  very  hurtful.  When  you  fi|v|k 
laying  the  Dung,  yoii  muft  nij|kf 
an  Hole  exafily  in  the  Middle  of 
each  Light,  about  a  Foot  deep,  an^ 
eight  or  nine  Inches  over;  theft 
Holes  mua  be  filled  with  hc(h  ligkt 
Earth,  which  ihould  be  icreened  to 
take  out  ^l  large  Stones,  Clods, 


c  u 

lie,  laying  it  ap  in  an  Hill;  and 
in  the  middle  of  each  thruft  in  a 
Stick  about  eighteen  Inches  long, 
which  ihould  Hand  as  a  Mark,  to 
ind  the  exad  Place  where  the  Hole 
is;  then  earth  the  Bed  all  over  about 
three    Inches    thick,    levelling   it 
finopth,  and  afterwards  fet  the  Frame 
upon  it,  covering  it  with  Glafles: 
but  if  there  is  any  Apprehenfion  of 
the  Dung  heating  too  violently,  the 
Earth  ihould  not  be  laid  upon  the 
Bed  until  the  Heat  is  fomewhat  a- 
bated,  which  will  be  in  a  few  Days, 
and  then  the  Earth  may  be  laid  upon 
the  Bed  by  degrees,  covering  it  at 
£ril  one  Inch  thick  {  and  a  Week  or 
ten   Days  after    another   Inch  in 
Thicknefs  may  be  laid  on  ;  but  there 
ihould  be  the  whole  Thicknefs  of 
Earth  laid  upon  the  Bed  before  the 
Vmes  begin  to    run:    and  if  this 
Thicknefs  of  Earth  is  at  lail  iive  or 
iix  Inches,  the  Vines  will  grow  the 
ftronger  for  being  fo  thick ;  for  if 
the  Roots  are  obferved,  they  will  be 
foand  to  fpread  and  cover  the  whole 
Bed  as  much  as  the  Vines  extend : 
and  when  the  Earth  is  vexy  ihallow, 
or  too  light,  the  Vines  wilf  hang 
their  Leaves  every  Day,  for  want 
of  a  fufHcient  Depth  of  Earth  to  fup- 
port  their  Roots ;  fo  that  if  they  are 
not  conilantly   ^d  well    watered, 
Acy  will  not  have  Strength  to  lail 
long,  or  to  produce  fair  Fruit ;  and 
^  giving  them  too  much  Water  is 
not  fo  proper,    nor  will  it  anfwer 
sear  fo  well,  as  the  giving  a  Depth 
of  Earth  upon  the  Dung. 

In  four  or  five  Days  time  your 
Bed  will  be  in  iit  Order  to  receive 
your  Plants ;  of  which  you  may  eafi- 
ly  judge  by  pulling  out  one  of  (he 
Sticks  jvhich  was  put  in  the  Mid- 
dle of  the  Holes,  and  feeling  the 
lower  Part  of  it,  which  will  fatisfy 
you  what  Condition  your  Bed  is  in : 
mf^  you  {&i^  Oir  up  the  Ear^i  in 


c  u 

die  Middle  of  the  Hole  with  yonv 
Hand,  breaking  all  Clods,  andre« 
moving  all  large  Stones,  making  tho 
Earth  hollow  in  form  of  a  Bafon* 
Into  each  of  thefe  Holes  yon  muft 
plant  four  Plants » in  doing  of  which^ 
obferve  to  make  the  Holes  for  the 
Plants  a  little  ilanting  towards  the 
Middle  of  the  Bafon,  efpccially  if 
your  Plants  are  long-ihanked :  this 
is  intended  to  place  the  Roots  of  the 
Plants  as  far  as  poifible  from  the 
Dung,  to  which  if  they  approach 
too  near,  the  lower  Part  of  their 
Roots  is  fubjeft  to  be  burned  oiF: 
then  fetde  the  Earth  gently  to  each 
Plant ;  and  if  the  &rth  is  dryy  it 
will  be  proper  to  give  them  a  little 
Water  (which  ihould  be  warm*d  to 
the  Temper  of  the  Bed,  as  was  be- 
fore direSed) ;  and  if  the  Sun  ihould 
appear  in  the  middle  of  the  Day^ 
they  ihould  be  ihadid  therefrom 
with  Mats  until  the  Plants  have  taken 
Root,  which  will  be  in  two  or  threp 
Days;  after  which,  you  muft  kt 
them  enjoy  as  much  of  the  Sun  as 
poiEble,  obferying  to  tarn  the  Lights 
in  the  Day-time  to  dry,  as  alfo  to 
give  a  litde  Air  whenever  the  Wea- 
ther will  permit. 

You  muft  alfo  obferve  to  keep  tht 
Glaifes  covered  tvay  N.ght,  and  in 
bad  Weather;  but  be  very  careful 
not  to  keep  them  covered  too  dofe, 
efpecially  while  the  Bed  has  a  great 
Steam  in  it,  which  will  caofe  a 
Damp  to  fettle  upon  the  Plants, 
which,  for  want  of  Air  to  keep  the 
Fluid  in  Motion,  will  ftagnate  and 
rot  them.  " 

When  your  Planu  are  grown  to 
be  four  or  iive  Inches  high,  you  muft; 
with  fome  ilender  forked  Sticks,  in« 
dine  them  toward  the  Earth,  each 
one  a  feparate  Way ;  but  this  muft 
be  done  gently  at  firft,  left  by 
forcing  them  too  much,  you  ihould 
Ilrain  or  hi^ak  the  tender  V<&ti%  of 

(be 


c  u 

• 

the  Plants,  wkich  would  be  very 
hurtful  to  them*  In  this  manner 
you  iliould,  from  time  to  time,  ob- 
ierve  to  peg  dotvn  the  Runners  as 
they  are  produced,  laying  each  in 
cxad  Orcjer,  fo  as  not  to  interfere  or 
crofs  each  other;  nor  fhould  you 
ever  after  remove  them  from  their 
Places,  or  handle  them  too  roughly ; 
whereby  the  Leaves  may  be  broken 
or  difplaced ;  which  is  alfo  equally 
injurious  to  them ;  but  whenever 
you  have  occafion  to  weed  the'  Bed 
between  the  Plants,  do  it  with  great 
Care,  l^olding  the  Leaves  adde  with 
one  Hand,  while  with  the  other  you 
pull  out  the  Weeds. 

In  about  a  Month  after  they  are 
ridged  out,  you  may  expeft  to  fee 
the  Beginnings  of  Fruit,  which  very 
often  are  preceded  by  Male  Flowers, 
which  many  People  are  fo  ignorant 
as   to  pull  off,    calling  them  falfe 
BlofToms  :  but  this  I  am  fully  con* 
vinced,    by   many  Experiments,  is 
wrong ;  for  thefe  Flowers  are  of  ab- 
solute Service  to  promote  the  Wel- 
far**  of  the  Fruit ;  which,  when  thefe 
Male  Flowers  are  intirely  taken  off, 
does  very  often  fall  away,  and  come 
to  nothing :   nor  (hould  the  Vines 
|>e  pruned,  as  is  too  often  the  Pra- 
£lice  of  unlkilful  People,  efpecially 
when  they  are  too  luxuriant,  which 
often  happens  when  the  Seeds  were 
frcfh,  or  of  the  laft  Year's  faving, 
and  the  Plants  in  good  Heart.     If 
this  fhould  happen  to  be  the  Cafe, 
it  would  be  very  proper  to  pull  up 
one  or  two  of  the  Plants,  before  they 
)iave  run  fo  far  as  to.  entangle  with 
the  others;    for  it  often   happens, 
that  two  or  three  Plants  are  better 
than  four  or  five,    when  they  are 
vigorous ;   for  when  the  Frame  is 
too  much   crouded  with  Vine,  the 
Fruit  is  feldom   good,  nor  in  fuch 
Plenty,  as  when  there  is  a   more 
pxoderate  Quantity  of  Shoots:  for 


c  u 

the  Air  being  hereby  ezdaded  from 
the  Fruit,  they  often  fpot  and  de- 
cay, or  fall  off  very  young. 

You  muft  alfo  be  very  careful  to 
cover  the  GlalTes  every  Night  when 
your  Fruit  begins  to  appear,  as  alfo 
to  lay  a  little  frefh  Litter  or  Mow- 
ings of  Grafs  round  the  Sides  of  the 
Bed,  to  add  a  frefh  Heat  thereto; 
for  if  the  Heat  of  the  Bed  be  fpcnt, 
and   the  Nights  prove    cold,    the 
Fruit  will  fall  away,  and  come  to 
nothing :  and  when  the  Sun  is  ex- 
treme hot,  in  the  Middle  of  the  Day, 
you  muft  cover  the  GlalTes  with  Mats 
tofhade  the  Vines; for  tho*  they  de- 
light in  Heat,  yet  the  direft  Rays 
of  the  Sun,  when  it  had  great  Force, 
are  very  injurious,  by  either  fcorch- 
ing  thofe  Leaves  which  are  near  the 
GlalTes,  or  by  cau£ng  too  great  a 
Pcrfpiration,  whereby  the  extreme 
Part  of  the  Shoots,   and  the  large 
Leaves,  are  left  deftitute  of  Nou- 
riihment,  and  the  Fruit  will  be  at  a 
Stand,  and  often  turn  yellow  before 
it  arrives  at  half  its  Growth.     Bat 
this  is  more  general  where  the  Beds 
are  earthed  very  fhallow;  for  when 
there  is   a   fufficient  Thicknefs  of 
Earth   upon  the  Dung,  the   Plants 
will  bear  the  full  Sun,  without  any 
hanging  of  their  Leaves. 

At  this  time,  when   your  Vines 
are  fprcad,  fo  as  cover  the  Hot- bed, 
it  will  be  of  great  Service,  when 
you  water  them,  to  fprinkie  them 
all  over  gently  fo  as  not  to  hurt  the 
Leaves ;  but  obferve  to  do  this  not 
at  a  time  when  the  Sun  is  very  hot ; 
for  hereby  I  have  known  a  whole 
Bed  of  Cucumbers  fpoiled  ;  for  the 
Water  remaining  upon  the  Surface 
of  the  Leaves  in  Drops,  doth  col- 
ledl  the  Rays  of  the  Sun  as   it  were 
to  a  Focus,    and    fo  fcorches   the 
Leaves,  that  in  one  Day's  time  they 
have,  from  a  bright  Green,  become 
of  the  Colour  of  brown  Paper. 

The 


c  u 

The  watering  of  the  Beds  all  over 
will  be  of  great  Service,  by  giving 
Nouriihmenc  to  thofe  Roots,  which 
by  this  time  will  have  extended 
themfelves  all  over  the  Bed :  and  if 
the  Warmth  of  the  Bed  ihould  now 
decline,  it  will  be  of  great  Service 
to  add  a  Lining  of  freih  Dung  round 
the  Sides  of  the  Beds,  to  give  a  new 
Heat  to  them :  for  as  the  Nights 
are  often  cold  at  this  Seafon,  where 
the  Beds  have  not  a  kindly  Warmth 
left  in  them,  the  Fruit  will  frequent- 
ly drop  ofF  the  Vines,  when  grown 
to  the  Size  of  a  little  Finger :  and 
if  upon  this  Lining  of  Ifung  there 
is  a  Thicknefs  of  flrong  Earth  laid 
for  the  Roots  of  the  Plants  to  run 
ioto,  it  will  greatly  ftrengihen  them, 
and  continue  the  Plants  in  Vigour 
a  much  longer  time  than  they  other- 
wife  will  do ;  for  the  Roots  of  thefe 
Plants  extend  to  a  great  Diilance 
when  they  have  room,  which  they, 
cannot  have  in  a  Bed  not  more  than 
live  Feet  wide ;  fo  that  when  they 
have  no  greater  Extent  for  their 
Roots,  the  Plants  will  not  continue 
in  Vigour  above  fi;c  Weeks,  which, 
if  they  have  a  Depth  and  Extent  of 
£anh,  will  continue  tliree  Months 
in  bearing ;  fo  that  where  there  are 
feveral  Beds  made  near  each  other, 
it  will  be  the  beft  Way  to  fill  up  the 
Bottom  of  the  Alleys  between  them 
with  warm  Dung,  and  cover  that 
with  a  proper  Thicknefs  of  Earth, 
fo  as  to  raife  them  to  the  Level  of 
the  Beds. 

Thefe  Direflions,  with  diligent 
Obfervation,  will  be  fufficient  for 
the  Management  of  this  Crop  of 
Cucumbers :  and  Vines  thus  treated 
will  continue  to  fupply  you  with 
Fralt  till  the  Beginning  of  July^  by 
which  time  the  fecond  Crop  will 
come  to  bear;  the  Sowing  and  Ma- 
naging of  which  is  what  I  (hall  next 
proceed  to. 


c  u 

About  the  Middle  of  March^  tut 
a  little  later,  according  to  the  Earli- 
nefs  of  the  Seafon,  you  muil  put  in 
your  Seeds,  either  under  a  Bell* 
glafs,  or  in  the  upper  Side  of  your 
early  Hot-bed ;  and  when  the  Planu 
are  come  up,  they  fhould  be  packed 
upon  another  moderate  Hot- bed. 
which  (hould  be  covered  with  Bell  or 
Hand-glafTes,  placed  as  clofe  as  pof* 
fible  to  each  other ;  the  Plants  (hould 
alfo  be  pricked  at  about  two  Inches 
Diftance  from  each  other,  obferving 
to  water  and  (hade  them  until  they 
have  taken  Root^  which  will  be  in 
a  very  fhort  time.  This  is  to  be 
underfbod  of  fuch  Places  where  a 
great  Quantity  of  Plants  are  required ; 
which  is  conflantly  the  Cafe  in  the 
Kitchen-gardens  near  Lofidcni  but 
where  it  is  only  for  the  Supply  of  a 
Family,  there  may  be  Plants  enough 
raifed  on  the  upper  Side  of  the  Beds 
where  the  firil  Crop  is  growing ;  or 
if  the  Vines  (hould  have  extended 
themfelves  fo  far  as  to  cover  the 
whole  Bed,  whereby  there  will  not 
be  room  to  prick  the  Plants,  a  (ingle 
Light  will  contain  a  fuiHcient  Num- 
ber of  Plants  while  young,  to  plant 
out  in  Ridges,  to  fupply  the  largeil 
Family  with  Cucumbers  during  the 
whole  latter  Seafon.  You  muS  al(b 
cover  the  GlaiTcs  with  Mats  every 
Night,  or  in  very  bad  Weather; 
hut  in  the  Day-time,  when  the 
Weather  is  hot,  you  muft  raife  the 
Glafles  with  a  Stone  on  the  oppofite 
Side  from  the  Wind,  to  give  Air 
to  the  Plants,  which  will  greatly 
firengthen  them :  you  muft  alfo  wa- 
ter them  as  you  (hall  find  they  re- 
quire it ;  but  this  muft  be  done  fpare^ 
ingly  while  the  Plants  are  young. 

The  Middle  oi  Jpril  the  Plants 
will  be  (Irong  enough  to  ridge  out ; 
you  muil  therefore  be  provided  with 
an  Heap  of  new  Dung,  inpropordoa 
to  the  Quantity  of  Holes  you  intend 

to 


c  u  c  u 

to  plant,  allowtng  one  Load  to  fix  raxfe  the  Glafles  with  a  forked  Stick 
Holes.  When  your  Dong  is  fit  for  on  the  Soath  Side  in  Height  pro- 
Ufe,  yott  maft  dig  a  Trench  about  portionable  to  the  Growth  of  die 
two  Feet  four  Inches  wide,  and  in  Plants,  that  they  may  not  be  ia>rck*d 
Length  jaft  as  yoa  pleafe,  or  the  by  the  Sao :  this  alfo  will  harden 
Race  will  allow  s  and  if  the  Soil  be  and  prepare  the  Plants  to  endare  the 
dry,  it  (hould  be  ten  Inches  deep;  open  Air;  bat  yoa  (hould  notex- 
bnt  if  wet,  vtry  little  in  the  Ground^  pofe  them  too  foon  thereto  \  hr  it 
levelling  the  Earth  in  the  Bottom ;  often  happens,  that  there  are  morn- 
then  put  in  your  Dung,  obferving  ing  Froils  in  May,  which  are  mai^ 
to  ftir  and  mix  every  Part  of  it  as  times  defirudive  to  thefe  Plants 
was  dire£ted  for  the  firft  Hot-beds,  when  expofed  thereto ;  it  is  there- 
laying  it  doie  and  even.  fore  the  fareft  Method  to  preferfc 
When  this  is  done,  yoa  muft  make  them  under  the  Glaflb  as  long  as 
Holes  about  eight  Inches  over,  and  they  can  be  kept  in  without  Prejo- 
fix  Inches  deep,  juft  in  the  Middle  dice  to  the  Plants :  and  if  theGlafie 
of  the  Ridge,  and  three  Feet  and  an  are  raifed  with  two  Bricks  on  the 
half  Dtllance  from  each  other;  and  Back-fide,  and  the  forked  Stick  on 
if  there  be  more  than  one  Ridge,  the  the  other  Side,  they  may  be  kept  in 
Diftance  of  thofe, ought  to  be  eight  a  great  while  without  Danger. 
Feet  and  an  half  from  each  other;  Towards  the  Latter-end  of  Jlf^^, 
then  fill  the  Holes  with  good  light  when  the  Weather  appears  iettkd 
Earth,  pitting  a  Stick  into  the  Mid-  and  warm,  you  (hauld  turn  yonr 
die  of  each  for  a  Mark,  and  after*  Plants  down  gently  out  of  the  Glafi; 
ward  cover  the  Ridge  over  with  but  do  not  perform  this  in  a  vtrj 
Earth,  about  four  Inches  thick,  lay-  dry  hot  funny  Day,  but  rather  whca 
ing  the  Earth  the  fame  Thicknefs  there  is  a  cloudy  Sky,  and  an  Ap- 
round  the  Sides.  When  the  Earth  pearance  of  Rain :  you  muil  in  do- 
is  levell  d  fmooth,  you  mud  fet  the  >ng  of  this  raife  the  Glafies  either 
Glafles  on  upon  the  Holes,  leaving  upon  Bricks,  or  forked  Sticks, 
them  clofe  down  about  twenty- four  whereby  they  may  ftand  fecure  at 
Hours,  in  which  time  the  Earth  in  about  four  or  five  Inches  high  irom 
the  Holes  will  be  warmM  fufficiently  the  Ground,  that  the  Plants  mzj 
to  receive  the  Plants ;  then  with  lie  under  them  without  bruifing ;  nor 
your  Hand  flir  up  the  Earth  in  the  fiioold  you  take  the  GlaiTes  quite 
Holes,  making  ic  hollow  in  form  of  away  unci!  the  Latter-end  of  jMMt, 
a  Bafon ;  into  each  of  which  you  or  the  Beginning  of  yu/j ;  for  thefe 
ihould  plant  four  Plarits,  obferving  will  preierve  the  Moiflure  much 
to  water  and  (hade  them  until  they  longer  to  their  Roots  than  if  they 
have  taken  Root ;  after  which  time  were  quite  expofed  to  the  open  Air: 
you  mufl  be  careful  to  give  them  a  about  three  Weeks  after  you  have 
little  Air  by  raifing  the  Glafies  on  the  turned  the  Plants  out  of  the  Glafiir5, 
oppofite  Side  to  the  Wind,  in  pro-  they  will  have  made  a  confiderable 
portion  t0  4he  Heat  of  the  Weather,  Progrefs,  efpecially  if  the  Weather 
as  alfo  to  water  them  as  you  fliall  fee  ha;.  b<ren  favourable ;  at  which  time 
they  require  it ;  but  you  mufl  only  you  (hould  dig  up  the  Spaces  of 
raife  the  GlaiTes  in  the  Middle  of  Ground  between  the  Ridges,  layiog 
the  Day,  until  the  Plants  fill  the  it  very  even;  then  lay  out  the  Ran- 
Glafies;  at  which  time  you  ihould  ners  of  the  Vines  in  exa^  Order, 

an4 


cu  c  u 

ad  be  careful  in  this  Work  not  to    getherwith  the  Pulp,  into  aTob^ 

diftarb  the  Vines  too  oiucb,  nor  to    whicb  (hould  be  afterwards  covered 

broiie  or  break  the  Leaves:    this    witiiaBoard,  to  prevent  the  Filtb 

digging  of  the  Ground  will  loofen  it^    frOm  getting  amongft  the  Pulp.     In 

and  thereby  make  it  eafy  for  the    this  Tub  it  ihoukl  be  fullered  to  re* 

Roots  of  the  Plants  to  firike  into    main  eight  or  ten  Days^  obferving 

it,  as  alio  render  the  Surface  of  the    to  ftir  it  well  with  a  long  Stick  to 

Earth  more  agreeable  to  the  Vines    the  Bottom  every  Day,  in  order  to 

that  run  npon  it.    After  this  there    rot  the  Pulp»  that  it  may  be  eafiljr 

will  be  no  farther  Care  needful,  but    feparated  from  the  Seeds ;  then  poor 

only  to  keep  them  dear  from  Weeds,    fome  Water  into  the  Tub,  ilirring 

and  to  water  them  as  often  as  they    it  well  about,  which  will  raife  the 

ihall  require,  which  they  will  foon    Scum  to  the  Top,  J}ttt  the  Seeds  will 

ihew,  by  the  hanging  of  their  greater    fettle  to  the  Bottom ;  fo  that  by  tWo 

Leaves.    The  Ridges,  thus  mana-    or  three  times  pouring  in  Water,  and 

ged,  will  continue  to  produce  large    afterwards  draining  it  off  from  the 

Quantities  of  Fruit  from  June  until    Seeds,  they  will  be  perfedly  cleared 

the  Latter-end  of  i^«f«y?;  after  which    from  the  Pulp;   then  yov  ihould 

time  the  Cokinefs  of  the  Seafon  ren-    fpread  the  Seeds  upon  a  Mat,  which 

den  them  unwholfome,  efpecially  if    ihould  be  expofed  to  the  open  Air 

the  Autumn  proves  wet.  three  or  four  Days,  until  they  are 

From  thefe  Ridges  People  com-    perfedly  dry,  when  they  may  be 

monly  preierve  their  Cucumbers  for    put  up  in  Bags,  and  hung  up  in  a 

Seed,  -by  making  choice  of  two  or    dry  Place,    where  Vermin  cannot 

three  of  the  faireft  Fruit  upoii  each    come  to  them,  where  they  will  keep 

Hole,  never  leaving  above  one  upon    good  for  feveral  Years,  but  are  ge- 

a  Plant,  and  that  fituated  near  the    nerally  preferred  when  three  or  four 

Root  of  it;  for  if  you  leave  more.    Years  old,  as  being  apt  to  produce 

they  will  weaken  the  Plant  fo  much,    lefs  vigorous,     but   more    fruitful 

that  your  other  Fruit  will  be  fmall.    Plants. 

and  fewer  in   Number :    but  thofe        I  fhall,  in  the  next  place,  proceed 
Perfons  who  value  themfelves  upon    to  give  Dire^lions  for    managing 
producing  Cucumbers  very   early.    Cucumbers  for  the  laft  Crop,    or 
commonly  leave  three  or  four  Cu-    what  are  generally  called  Picklers. 
cumbers  of  the  firft  Produce  of  their        The  Seafon  for  fowing  thefe  i« 
carlieft  Crop»  when  the  Fruit  is  fair ;    toward  the  Latter-end  of  May^  when 
and  the  Seeds  of  thefe  early  Fruit    the  Weather  is  fettled.  The  Ground 
are  generally  preferred  to  any  other    where  thefe  are  commonly  fown, 
for  the  firft  Crop.     Thefe  (hould  re--   is  between  Cauliflowers,    in  wide 
main  upon  the  Vines  until  the  End    Rows,  between  which  are  allowM 
of  Auguftf  that  the  Seeds  may  be    four  Feet  and  an  half  Space  when 
perfedly  ripe ;  and  when  you  ga-    the  Cauliflowers  were  planted.     In 
ther  them  from  the  Vines,  it  will    thefe  Rows  you  (hould  dig  up  fquare 
be  proper  to  fet  the  Fruit  in  a  Row    Holes  at  about  three  Feet  and  an 
nprtght  againft  an  Hedge  or  Wall,    half  Diftance  from  each  other,  break- 
where  they  may  remain  until  the    ing  the  Earth  well   with  a  Spade, 
outer  Cover  begins  to  decay ;    at    and  afterwards  fmoothin^  and  hol- 
which   time  you  (hould  cut  them    lowing  it  in  the  Form  of  a  Dafon 
ppen,,  and  fcrape  out  the  Seeds,  to-    with  yoar  Hand ;  then  put  eight  or 

nine 


c  u 

tint  Seeds  in  the  Middle  of  each 
Hole^  covering  them  over  with 
Earth  about  half  an  Inch  thick ;  and 
if  it  fhould  be  very  dry  Weather,  it 
will  be  proper  to  water  the  Holes 

fently  in  a  Day  or  two  after  the 
ceds  are  fown,  in  order  to  facilitate 
their  Germination. 

In  five  or  fix  Days,  if  the  Wea- 
ther be  good,  your  Plants  will  be- 
gin to  thruft  their  Heads  above- 
ground  ;  at  which  time  you  ihould 
be  very  careful  to  keep  off  the  Spar- 
rows^ which  are  very  fon^  of  the 
young  tender  Heads  of  thefe  Plants ; 
and,  if  they  are  not  prevented,  will 
defiroy  your  whole  Crop :  but  as  it 
is  not  above  a  Week  that  thefe  Plants 
are  in  Danger,  it  will  be  no  great 
Trouble  to  Took  after  them  during 
that  time ;  for  when  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  and  have  expanded  their 
Seed-leaves,  the  Sparrows  will  not 
sneddle  with  them. 

You  muft  alfo  be  careful  to  water 
them  gently,  as  you  fhall  find  the 
Drought  of  the  Seafon  doth  require ; 
and  when  you  perceive  the  third 
or  rough  Leaf  of  the  Plants  begin 
to  appear,  you  muft  pull  out  all  the 
weakeft  Plant;,  leaving  only  &vt  of 
the  moil  promiilng  and  beft  ficuated 
in  each  Hole,  tlirring  the  Earth 
round  about  them  with  a  fmall  Hoe 
to  deflroy  the  Weeds,  and  raife  the 
Earth  about  the  Shanks  of  the  Plants, 
putting  a  little  Earth  between  them, 
prefling  it  gently  down  with  your 
Hand,  that  the  Plants  may  be  there- 
by feparated  from  each  other  to  a 
greater  Diftance ;  then  give  them  a 
little  Water  (if  the  Weather  be  dry) 
to  fettle  the  Earth  about  them,  which 
you  muA  afterwards  repeat  as  often 
as  you  fhall  find  it  necefTary,  ftill 
being  careful  to  keep  the  Ground 
clear  from  Weeds. 

When  your  Cauliflowers  are  quite 
4rawn  off  the  Ground  from  between 


c  u 

the  encumbers,  yon  mnft  hoe  and 
clean  the  Ground,  drawing  the 
Earth  up  round  each  Hole  in  form 
of  a  Bafon,  the  better  to  contain  the 
Water  when  it  is  given  chem;  and 
alfo  to  lay  out  the  Plants  in  aa& 
Order  as  they  are  to  run  andcxteod, 
fo  that  they  may  not  interfere  with 
each  other :  and  if  all  the  five  Phu^ 
before  left  are  in  good  Condition, 
you  ihould  pull  out  one  of  the  worft, 
and  throw  it  away ;  for  fonr  good 
plants  will  be  full  enough  to  remain 
for  good;  then  lay  a  little  Earth 
between  the  Plants  left,  preffing  it 
down  gently  with  your  Hand,  dte 
better  to  fpread  them  each  Way, 
giving  them  a  little  Water  to  fettle 
the  Earth  about  them,  repeating  it 
as  often  as  the  Seafon  fhalUreqoire, 
and  obferving  to  keep  the  Ground 
clean  from  Weeds :  the  Plants,  thus 
managed,  will  begin  to  prodnoe 
Fruit  toward  the  Latter-end  of  7«^, 
when  you  may  either  gather  then 
young  for  pickling,  or  fuffer  them 
to  grow  for  large  Fruit. 

The  Quantity  of  Holes  neceflary 
for  a  Family  is  about  fifty  orfixty; 
for  if  you  have  fewer,  they  will  not 
produce  enough  to  pay  for  ptcklii^ 
without  keeping  them  too  long  in 
the  Houfe;  for  you  can't  exped  to 
gather  more  than  two  hundred  at 
each  time  from  &(ty  Holes ;  but  this 
may  be  done  twice  a  Week  during 
the  whole  Seafon,  which  commonly 
lafts  five  Weeks ;  fo  that  from  BBj 
Holes  you  may  reafonably  exped  to 
gather  about  two  thoufand  in  the 
Seafon,  which,  if  they  are  taken 
imall,  will  not  be  too  many  for  a 
private  Family,  efpecially  confider- 
ing,  that  if  you  have  fewer  Holes, 
the  Quantity  each  Week  produced 
will  fcarcely  be  worth  the  Trouble 
of  pickling. 

But  left  I  (hould  be  cenfurM  by 
tbofe  who  delight  in  having  very 

early 


c  u 

early  Cucumbers,  for  omitting  what 
they  call  an  effential  Part  of  Garden- 
ing, I  flial]  beg  Leave  here  to  fub- 
join  a  (hort  Account  of  a  Method 
which  I  have  ufed  with  very  good 
Succefsy  to  obtain  Cucumbers  vtry 
early ;  which  is.  After  having  raifed 
the  Plants  io  the  manner  be^re  di- 
redled  for  early  Cucumbers,    until 
they    have   put  forth  their  rough 
I^eaves,    I    prepared    fome    loofe 
wrought  Baikets,  about  eight  Inches 
Diameter,    and    Bve  Inches  deep, 
with   two  fmali  Handles  to  each; 
then  I  made  a  frefh  Hot-bed  of  good 
Strength,  which  would  hold  a  PVame 
of  two  Lights ;  on  this  I  placed  the 
Baikets,  which  were  almoft  full  of 
good  light  Earth,    as  near  to  each 
other  as  poffible,  by  which  means 
thisfmall  Bed  would  contain  eighteen 
or  twenty  Baikets;  then  I  filled  up 
the  Spaces  between  the  Baikets  with 
the  fame  light  Earth  as  was  put  into 
the  Baikets,  putting  the  frame  and 
GlaiTes  over  the  Bed,  which  in  two 
Days  was  in  a  proper  Temperature 
of  Heat  to  receive  the  Plants ;  then 
I  put  five  into  each  Baiker,  obferv- 
ing  to   water  and  ihade  them   until 
they  had  taken  Root;    afterwards 
managing  them  as  was   before  di- 
rected for  the  firil  Crop  of  Cucum- 
bers, obferving,  when  the  Bed  be- 
gan to  lofc  its  Heat,  to  lay  a  little 
Ircih  Dung  round  the  Sides,  which 
added  a  new  Heat  to  the  Bed.    In 
this  Frame  I  fufTered  them  to  remain 
until  the  Plants  were  laid  down,  and 
had  run  to  the  Sides  of  the  Baikets; 
then  I  prepared  a  Ridge,  which  I 
made  of  a  good  Subflance  in  Dung ; 
and  after  it  had  lain  two  '^r  three 
Days  to  heat,  I  removed  the  Plants 
in  the  Baikets,  placing  one  into  the 
Hole  in  the  Middle  of  each  Light. 
Thefe  Plants  in  a  (hort  time  after 

Produced  Fruit,  which,  by  the  good 
>mper  of  Heat  in  the  Bed,  grew 
Vol..  I, 


C  V 

fo  fail,  that  m  three  Weeks  aftef 
removing  the  Baikets,  I  cut  Cucum- 
bers.   There  are  feveral  Ad  van. ages 
in  this  Management ;  firil,  you  can 
keep  the  Baflcets  in  a  fmall  Room 
for   a  conixderable  time,    whereby 
your  Frames  may  be  employed  in 
other  Ufes ;    and  fecondly,    a  lefs 
Quantity  of  Dung  is  required  in  this 
Way :  thirdly,  when  the  Plants  are 
in  Baikets,  if  you  find  your  Bed  too 
hot,  it  is  but  raiilng  up  the  Baikets, 
and  they  are  fecure  from  any  Dan- 
ger ;  and  when  the  violent  Heat  is 
over,    they  may  be  fettled  down 
again :  and  lailly,  by   having  your 
Plants  fo  forward  for  Fruit  when 
they  are  put  into  the  Ridges,  the 
Heat  of  the  Bed  continues  to  fet  and 
bring  off  the  firil  Crop  of  Fruit;  for 
want  of  which  kindly  Heat,  the  firil 
Setting  or  Crop  of  Fruit  which  ap- 
pears upon  the  Vines,  either  drops 
off,  or  is  a  long  time  growing  to 
Maturity  ;  therefore  from  thefe,  and 
many  other  Advantages  attending 
this   Method,    1  may   with   Safety 
pronounce  it  the  beft  yet  known 
to  procure  Cucumbers  in  any  of  the 
Winter  or  Spring  Months. 

CUCUMIS  AGRESTIS.    Fidg 
Elaterium. 

CUCURBITA,  The  Gourd. 
The  Chara&ert  are  ; 

It  bath  a  Flotjaer  confijUng  of  em 
Leaf,  tubicb  ii  of  tbe  e^^fandtd  Bell* 
J^^P'y  fir  ^be  moft  fart  fo  deeply  cut, 
tbat  it  feems  to  conjifi  of  fi*ve  difiin& 
Lea*ves :  tbtj,  like  tbe  Cucumbef^  hat 
Male  and  Female  Flovjen  on  tbe  fam€ 
Plant :  tbe  Fruit  offome^  Species  is 
long,  of  others  round  or  hottleflfoped^ 
and  is  commonly  divided  into  fix  Ctllt^ 
in  ivbicb  are  containid  many  fi.it  oh* 
lovg  Seeds  y  ivbicb  have  fomctimes  a 
Border  round  them. 
The  SpLcies  are; 

I.  CvcvtLBiTA  longa,  folio  molli, 

figre  albo.   J,  B,     The  long  Gourd, 

D  dy  with 


c  u 

^itb  a  foft  Leaf,    and  a   white 
Flower. 

2.  Cucurbit  A  falcata  figuroy 
folio  moi/i,  fiore  alho.     C.  B,     The 
£ckle-AiapedGourd,wich  a  fofc  Leaf, 
and  a  white  Flower. 

3.  Cucurbit  A  latlor^  folio  moUu 
fiort  albo,  J.  B,     Flat  Gourd,  with 
a  foft  Leaf, and  a  white  Flower,  com- 
monly called  Squafhes. 

4.  Cucurbit  A  lagenaria,  fore 
alho,  folio  molli,  C.  B.  Bottle-fhaped 
Gourd,  with  a  foft  Leaf,  and  a  white 
Flower. 

There  are  fcvcra!  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  annually 
brought  from  Jmerica,  where  are 
numberltfs  Varieties  of  thefe,  and 
of  Pumkins  and  Calabafhes :  but 
thefe  Sorts  are  fo  apt  to  fport,  that 
there  is  no  Certainty  of  their  pro- 
ducing the  fame  fhaped  Fruit  for  two 
'  Years  together,  unlefs  it  is  that  with 
the  long  Fruit,which  I  do  not  remem  - 
ber  to  have  fe^  n  change  or  alter  ;  but 
all  the  others  will  run  fiom  one 
Shape  to  another,  fo  as  rarely  to  pro- 
duce the  fame  as  tnofe  wnich  the 
Seeds  were  faved  from. 

They  may  be  all  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Seeds  in  March  on  an 
Hot -bed ;  and  when  the  Plants  come 
up,  they  ihould  be  tranfplanted  on 
another  moderate  Bed,  where  they 
Ihould  have  a  great  deal  of  Air  to 
ftrengthen  them  ;  and  when  they 
have  got  four  or  five  Leaves,  they 
Ihould  be  tranfplanted  into  Holes 
tnade  upon  an  old  Dunghil,  or  feme 
fuch  Place,  allowing  them  a  great 
deal  of  room  to  run  ;  for  (ome  of 
tne  Sorts  will  fpread  to  a  great 
JDtftance.  I  have  meafured  a  fingle 
Plant,  which  had  run  upwards  of 
forty  Feet  from  the  Hole,  and  had 
produced  a  great  Number  of  Side- 
branches  ;  fo  that  if  the  Plant  had 
been  encouraged,  and  all  the  Side- 
branches  permitted  to  remain,  I  dare 


tt3 

fay  it  would  have  fairly  overfprca4 
twenty  Rods  of  Ground  :  which,  to 
fome  People,  may  feem  like  a  Ro- 
mance ;  yet  I  can  afRrm  it  to  be 
Fadt.  But  what  is  this  to  the  Ac- 
count prtnted  in  the  TranfaBions  of 
the  Royal  Society,  which  was  coram u- 
nicated  to  them  by  Paul  Dkdlej^Eki; 
fcom  Ne^- England^  wherein  Men- 
tion is  made  of  a  (ingle  Plant  of  this 
Kind,  which,  without  any  Culture, 
fpread  over  a  large  Spot  of  GrooDd, 
and  from  which  Plant  were  gathered 
two  hundred  and  fixty  Fruits,  each, 
one  with  another,  as  big  as  jn  Half- 
peck! 

Thefe  Fruits  are  by  fome  People 
gathered  v/hile  young,  and  boiled ; 
afttrwards  ftripping  off  the  outer  Co- 
ver, and  buttering  them,  they  eat 
them  with  Meat,  and  are  by  fome 
mightily  edeemed  ;  efpecially  the 
firlTSort,  which  is  counted  by  ftr 
the  fwcetell :  of  this  Kind  I  have 
feen  a  fingle  Fruit  upwards  of  fix 
Feet  long,  which  has  ripcn'd  per- 
fectly well.  But  this  is  not  common 
w:th  us ;  tho*  I  have  heard  of  their 
being  longer  in  other  Countries. 
This  Sort  requires  to  be  fown  early 
in  the  Sprirg,  and  brought  forward 
under  Bell  or  Hand-glaffes,  otherwife 
they  fddom  arrive  to  half  their  Ma- 
turity. 

T  here  are  fome  People  who  plant 
thefe  Plants  by  the  Sides  of  Arbours, 
over  which  thev  train  the  Vines ;  fo 
that  in  a  fhort  time  they  will  cover 
the  whole  Arbour,  and  afford  a  (Irong 
Shade ;  and  up:n  fome  of  thefe  Ar- 
bours I  have  feen  the  longeft  Fruit: 
there  are  others,  who  plnnt  them 
near  Walls,  Pales,  or  Hedge?,  to 
which  they  fatten  theVines,2nd  train 
them  to  a  great  Height:  the  orange- 
fhaped  Gourd  is  the  Sort  which  is 
mod  commonly  fo  planted  for  the 
Ornament  of  its  Fruit,  which  has  1 
pretty  £ffe^,  efpecially  when  feen  at 

fome 


c  u, 

ibaie4>ifbn€e :  rhefe  Plants  all  r«* 

qaire  a  large  Supply  oT  Water  in  dry 
Weather. 

Thefe  Plants  requiring  fo  much 
'  loon^  to  fpready  and  their  Fruit  be* 
log  very  little  valued  in  Engiaud, 
hath  occafioned  their  not  being  cul- 
tivated amongft  usj  we  having  To 
many  Plants^  Roots,  or  Fruits,  which 
are  greatly  preferable  to  chofe  for 
Kitchen- ufes  :  but  in  fome  Parts  of 
America^  where  Provifions  are  not 
in  fo  great  Plenty,  or  fo  great  Va- 
riety, thefe  Fruits  may  be  very  ac- 
ceptable. 

CUIETE.  The  OiIaba(h-trcc. 

Dr.  Linn^tut  has  altered  the  Title 
of  this  Genus  to  Crefcentia^  theName 
here  give»  to  it  being  the  Amtrican 
Name. 

The  CharaQirs  are; 

It  bath  a  Flower  confifiing  of  om 
Leaf^  of  an  anomalous  Figure^  and  di- 
vided at  thi  Brim  into  federal  Farts ; 
from  twbofe  Citp  ri/es  tbo  Pointal, 
fixed  like  a  Nail  in  tbe  hinder  Part 
rftbe  Flvwer  ;  'which  a/ier<ujard  be- 
comes a  flejby  Fruity  ba<ving  an  hard 
Shelly  iuclofing  many  heart -Jhafed 
Seeds. 

The  Species  are  i 

1.  Cu I ETE /»////  oblongis  angvfis, 
^uigno  fruQu  o^cuo.  Plum,  Nov. Gen, 
The  Calabafli-tree  with  narrow  ob- 
long Leaves,  and  a  large  oval  Fruit. 

2.  CuiTE  latifolioy  fruQu  futa* 
mine  fragi/i,  Pistm.  Nov,  Gen.  The 
broad -leavM  CalabaQi  -  tree,  with 
tenderihcird  Fruit. 

3.  CuiETE  minima,  fruSlu  duro. 
Plum.  Nov.  Gen.  The  lead  Calabaih- 
fee,  with  an  hard  Fruit. 

4.  CuiETE  anguftifolia^fru3u  mi* 
nori  globofo.  Plum,  Nov,  Gen  Nar- 
mw-leavM  Calabafhtree,  with  aleiTer 
globular  Fruit. 

5.  CuiETE  angnflifolia,  fruSu 
minori  e^ato.  Phm,  Nuv,  Gen.   Nar- 


c  u. 

fow-Ieav*dCaIabaih-tree,with  alefler 
oval  Fruit. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  rife  to 
the  Height  of  twenty-five  or  thirty 
Feet,  in  the  IVefi- Indies,  where  they 
grow  naturally  in  Woods,  and  the  Sa- 
vanna's. The  Shells  of  this  Frpit 
are  ufed  by  Negroes  for  Cups  to 
drink  out  of,  as  alfo  for  Jnftruments 
of  Mufic,  by  making  an  Hole  in  the 
Shell,  and  clearing  it  of  the  Pulp 
and  Seeds ;  then  they  put  in  fmall 
Stones,  or  the  hard  Seeds  of  Trees, 
with  which  they  make  a  fort  of 
Ratcle. 

Thefe  Plants^  being  all  of  them 
tender,  cannot  be  maintained  in  this 
Country,  unlefs  they  are  preferved ' 
in  warm  Stoves.  They  are  propa- 
gated by  Seeds,  which  flioald  be  ob- 
tained from  the  Countries  where  they 
naturally  grow  ;  for  they  never  pro- 
duce any  Fruit  in  this  Country. 
Thefe  Seeds  (hould  be  fown  early 
in  the  Spring,  in  Pots  filled  with  frefh 
light  Earth,  and  plunged  into  an 
Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark :  the  Earth 
in  thefe  Pots  muft  be  frequently  re- 
freflied  with  Water ;  for  if  it  be  kept 
dry,  the  Seeds  will  not  vegetate  :  in 
about  five  Weeks  after  the  Seeds  are 
fown,  the  Plants  will  begin  to  ap* 
pear;  when  they  muft  be  duly  wa- 
tered, and  the  GlaiTes  of  the  Hot- 
bed (hould  be  raifed  every  Day,  to 
admit  frefh  Air  to  the  Plants ;  and 
let  the  Steam,  which  will  arife  from 
the  Bed,  pafs  off;  which  is  very  in- 
jurious to  young  Plants,  when  it  is 
pent  amongft  them.  When  the  Plants 
are  about  two  Inches  high,  they 
fhould  be  carefully  tranfplHn(ed,each 
into  a  feparate  fmall  Pot  filled  with 
rich  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
the  Hot- bed  again,  being  careful  to 
fcreen  them  from  the  Sun  unc:l  they 
have  taken  new  Root;  after  which 
time  they  tnuft  have  frelh  Air  ad- 
J)  4  z  mitted 


c  u 

lAitted  to  them,  in  proportion  to  the 
Warmth  of  the  Seafon,  and  tnuft  be 
duly  watered  ;  for  as  they  naturally 
grow  on  fwampy  Grounds,  they  re- 
quire a  pretty  large  Share  of  Moift- 
ure  in  warm  Weather. 

In  Winter  thefe  Plants  mnft  be  re- 
moved into  the  Stove,  and  plunged 
into  the  Bark- bed ;  for  they  do  not 
thrive  welly  if  they  are  placed  on 
Boards  in  a  dry  Stove  ;  becaafe  the 
Fibres  of  the  Roots,  which  are  to- 
ward the  Side  and  Bottom  of  the 
Pots,  will  dry,  and  retard  the  Growth 
of  the  Plants,  if  the  Pots  are  not 
furrounded  with  Tan,  which  always 
j'ctains  fome  Moiflure,  ivhich  keeps 
the  Fibres  of  the  Plants  duAile,  and 
thereby  is  greatly  beneficial  to  tht^m. 

In  Summer  thefe  Plants  may  have 
a  large  Share  of  Air,  by  opening  the 
Glaifes  of  the  Stove  ;  but  they  will 
not  thrive  if  they  are  taken  out  of 
the  Stove,  and  placed  in  the  open 
Air ;  (o  that  they  (hould  always  be 
kept  in  the  Bark-Hove,  obferving  to 
fhift  them  into  larger  Pots,  as  they 
advance  in  their  Growth.  With  this 
Management,  they  may  be  prefcrved 
many  Years,  apd  brought  to  a  large 
Size  ;  when  they  will  make  a  fine 
Appearance  amongft  tender  Exotic 
Plants  in  the  Stove ;  for  they  retain 
their  Leaves  throughout  the  Year. 

CUMINOIDES.  T/V^  Lagoecia. 

CUMINUM,  Cumin. 
The  Chara^ers  are ; 

The  Rooi  is  annual :  the  Leagues  are 
like  thofe  of  Fenml :  the  Seeds  are 
fmall^  long^  narrmx)^  and  crooked:-  t*wo 
oftwbithfucceed  each  Flonver^  as  in 
the  other  umhillijerous  Plants. 

There  is  but  one  Speciis  of  this 
Plant  at  prefcnt  known  in  Englandi 
which  is,  , 

CuMiNUM.  Mor.Vmb,  Cumin. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  for  Sale 
in  the  Idand  of  Malta^  where  it  is 
called  Cumino  aigro,\.  c.  hot  Cumin. 


c  u 

But  Aftife^  which  they  alfo  propagate 
in  no  lefs  Quantity,  they  cadi  Cumins 
dolce,  i.  e.  i^eet  Cumin:  fo  that 
many  of  the  old  Botanifls  were  mif- 
taken,  when  they  made  two  Species 
erf  Cumin,  *viz.  acre  and  dmlce. 

The  Seeds  of  thi  Plant  arc  ufed 
in  Medicine,  which  arc  brought 
from  the  above-mentioned  Place; 
for  the  Plant  is  too  tender  to  be  cul- 
tivated to  any  Advantage  io  Eng- 
land: I  have  fown  the  Seeds  fevenl 
times  in  the  Phyfic-garden,  which 
have  conic  up  very  well,  and  grown 
to  be  four  or  five  Inches  hign ,  bat 
have  conflanily  decay  *d,without  pro* 
ducing  any  good  Seeds.  If  any  Pcr- 
fon  is  inclined  to  cultivate  a  tittle  of 
this  Plant  for  L'uriofity,  the  bed  Me- 
thod is,  to  fow  the  Seeds  early  upon 
a  very  mcderate  Hot-bed ;  and  whca 
the  Plants  are  come  up  pretty  firong, 
they  may  be  tranfpianted  into  a  light 
Soil,  at  about  four  or  five  Inche>Di- 
ftancc,  whc»e  they  will  produce  good 
Seed?,  if  the  Sealon  i   warm. 

CUNII.A,  Bailard  Horehound. 

This  Genus  of  Plants  was  titled 
M.irruhiajlrum  by  Dr.  To mefort^ 
and  fome  other  Botaniils  but,  be- 
ing a  compound  Name,  Y^t,  Linntns 
has  altered  it  to  this  of  Cuniln^  which 
is  an  old  Name  that  has  been  ap- 
plied to  fome  other  Plants  of  this 
Clafs. 

The  CharaSlers  are ; 

The  Flotvcr  is  of  cm.  Lerf  and  is 
of  the  lahiated  Kind :  the  Upper- lip  is 
ere3   and  forked  ^    the  l(f^\:er  one  it 
fight ly  cut  into  three  Parts  :  tie  Em- 
pa  L  mint  is  of  one  Lecf^  and  cylindri- 
cal^ and  cut  iniofi've  acute  Segments^ 
each  ending  in  a  Spine  :  in  the  Cintre 
of  the  Flo^-vser  is  fituated  the  anadri* 
fd  Point  al,  attended  by  four  Stamina  *. 
after  the  Flo^uer  is  pafi^  there  are 
four  oval  Seeds  included  in  the  Em' 
palement, 

Tlie 


c  u 

The  Speties  arc; 

1.  CuNii.X  caJycum  lochia  fupc' 
rtore  latiore  rvmio  trhe^vi,  JJu. 
JJort.  Cliff.  Ballard  Horehound, with 
the  apper  Segment  of  the  Empale- 
ment  of  an  oval  Shape,  having  three 
Kibs. 

2.  CuNiLA  calycum  labiofupenon 
frifido^  tvjerhre  bipartite.  Lift.  Hort. 
Cliff,  Bailard  Horebound,  with  the 
Upper-]  ip  of  the  Empalement  trifid, 
and  the  under  bifid. 

3.  CuNiLA  calycihus  inermihus  la- 
wgeris,  Lin.  Hort.  Cliff,  Bafiard 
Horehound,  with  a  fmooth  woolly 
Empalement. 

The  two  fi  rfl  Sorts  are  low- trail- 
ing annual  Plants :  the  Seeds  of  theCe 
may  be  fown  id  Aprils  upon  a  Bed 
of  common  Earth,  in  an  open  Sicua- 
tion  ;  and  when  the  Plants  come  up, 
they  wiJl  require  no  farther  Care, 
but  to  keep  them  clean  from  Weeds, 
and  to  thin  them  out  where  they 
grow  too  dofe  together ;  but  thefe 
do  not  bear  traniplanting  well ; 
therefore  the  Seeds  (hould  be 'fown 
where  the  Plants  are  to  remain  :  thefe 
wil;  flower  in  July^  and  their  Seeds 
will  ripen  in  September;  which  if 
j>ermiued  to  fcatter,  the  Plants  will 
come  up  without  any  farther  Trou- 
Ue. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  biennial  Plant, 
which  rifes  two  Feet  high ;  therefore 
thefe  Plants  (hould  not  be  left  fo 
clofe,  as  thofe  of  the  former  Sorts  $ 
hat  in  all  other  refpedls  fhould  be 
treated  as  is  directed  for  them. 

CU  PR  ESS  US,  TheCyprefs. 
tree. 

The  Cbaraffers  are ; 
Thi  LifVis  art  fquamofe  and  fiat : 
the  Male  Flotuers,  lubieb  are  fqua- 
*^A»  i^o"^  ot  remote  Dijlances  from 
the  Fruit  on  the  fame  Tree :  the  Fruit 
w  of  a  fpherical  Form^  and  is  compojtd 
ff  many  looody  Tubercltif  in  *whicb 
r?r.#  contained  hard  angular  Seeds, 


c  y 

The  Species  are; 

1.  CuPRCSsus  meta  in  fajligiuea 
convoluta,  qwrfeemina  PSnii,  Tonrm, 
The  common  Cypreft-tree. 

2.  CuPKBssufi   ramos  extra  fi 
fpargmsy  qme  mas  Plinii.  Tourn,  Thm 

Male  fpreading  Cyprefs,  tndgo. 

3.  CupftEssus  Firginiana^  foliis 
acacia  deciduis,  U,  L.  The  Firgi* 
nian  Cyprefs-trec,  with  Leaves  like 
the  Acacia,  whidi  fall  oiF  in  Win« 

.ter. 

4.  CupRESsus  Lufitamca  pattda^ 
fruSiu  minori,  Tourn,  Spreading  Por^ 
tugal  Cyprefs,  with  a  fmaller  Fruit. 

3.  CuPRBSsvs  Americana^  fruibe 
minima.  American  Cyprefs,  with  the 
leaH  Fruit,  commonly  called  White 
Cedar  in  America. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Trees  is  very 
common  in  moft  of  the  old  Gardens 
in  England',  but  at  preient  is  not  fo 
much  in  Requefl  as  formerly,  the* 
it  is  not  without  its  Advantages.;  nor 
fhould  it  be  intirely  rejeded,  at 
many  Perfops  are  of  Opinion :  for  it 
ferves  to  add  to  the  Boiuty  of  Wil. 
dernefTes,  or  Clumps  of  Ever-greens; 
It  was  formerly  planted  in  Borden 
of  Plcafure-gardens,  and  kept  fliom 
into  a  pyramidal  or  conic  Form; 
and  fome  People,  beiievmg  them 
fubje^l  to  be  kiird  if  they  cut  tbeniy 
tied  them  up  with  Cords  into  a  py» 
ramidal  Figure ;  which  Form  they 
are  naturally  difpoied  to  grow  in: 
but  thi$  winding  them  about,  pre- 
vented the  Air  from  entering  the  in- 
ward Parts  of  the  Brandies ;  fo  that 
the  Leaves  decayed,  and  became  un- 
flghtly,  and  generally  retarded  their 
Growth.  And  fo  thofe  which  are 
Hieared,  if  the  Operation  is  not  per- 
formed in  the  Spving,  or  early  ia 
the  Suimmer,  are  very  fubje£k  to  be 
injured  by  (harp  Winds,  and  cutting 
Froils,  in  Winter.  V^  herefore,  upj- 
on  the  Whole,  I  think  it  much  bet- 
ter to  fuffer  them  to  grow  wild  a# 
Dd  3  they 


-c  u 

ihey  tre  ndturally  difpofed,  planting 
them  only  amoogft  other  ever- green 
Trees,  where,  by  the  Darknefs  of 
their  green  Leaves,  together  with 
their  waving  Heads,  they  will  greatly 
add  to  the  Variety. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  by  far  the 
largeft-erowing  Tree,  and  is  the  moft 
common  Timber  in  the  Le^ami : 
this,  if  planted  upon  a  warm  faody 
or  gravelly  Soil,  will  profper  won- 
derfully :  and  though  it  is  not  quite 
fo  tonfile  a  Plant  as  the  firll  Sort,  yet 
greatly  recompenfcs  for  that  De- 
fedl,  by  its  vigorous  Growth,  and 
Strength  in  refiflirg  all  Weathers. 
This  Tree  is  very  proper  to  intermix 
with  Ever- greens  of  a  fecond  Size 
next  to  Pines  and  Firs,  to  form 
Clumps ;  in  which  Clafs  it  will  keep 
Pace  with  the  Trees  of  the  (ame 
Line,  and  be  very  handfome.  Be- 
fides,  the  Wood  of  this  Tree  is  very 
valuable,  when  grown  to  a  Size  fit 
for  Planks ;  which  J  am  coovinced 
it  will  do,  in  as  fhort  a  Space  as 
Oaks;'  therefore,  why  Ihould  not 
this  be  cultivated  for  that  Purpofe, 
£nce  there  are  many  Places  in  Eng- 
land where  the  Soil  is  of  a  fandy  or 
gravelly  Nature,  and  feldom  pro- 
duces any  thing  worth  cultivating  ? 
Now  in  fuch  Places  thefe  Trees 
Vfould  thrive  wonderfully,  and  great- 
ly add  to  the  Pleafure  of  the  Owner, 
while  growing,  and  afterwards  ren- 
der as  much  Profit  to  his  SuccefTors, 
^s  perhaps  the  beft  Plantation  of 
Oaks ;  efpecially  fhould  the  Timber 
prove  as  good  here,  as  in  the  Iflands 
of  the  Arc&ipeiago,  which  I  (ce  no 
Reafon  to  doubt  of :  for  we  find  it 
was  fo  gainful  a  Commodity  to  the 
Ifland  of  Candta,  that  the  Plantations 
were  called  DosFi/i\e;  the  Felling 
of  one  of  them  being  reckoned  a 
Daughter's  Portion. 

The  Timber  of  this  Tree  is  faid 
to  refifl  the  Worm,  Moth,  and  ail 


c  u 

Patfiefiibdioii ;  and  is  nid  to  luttatuf 
hundred  Years.    The  Doors  of  Sc 
Peter's  Chorch  at  Rome  were  framed 
of  this  Material,  which  lafted  from 
the  Great  Omflantint  to  Pope  Euge- 
mus  IVth*s  Time,  which  was  eleven 
hundred  Years,  and  were  then  fonod 
and  intire,  when  the  Pope  would 
needs  change  them   for  Gates  of 
Brafs.     The  Coffins  were  made  of 
this  Materia],  in  which  7bBey£ia 
tells  us  the  Aibemans  ufed  to  bury 
their  Heroes ;    and  the  Mammy- 
chefts,  brought  with  thoie  condited 
Bodies  out  of  Egypt^  are  many  of 
them  of  this  Material. 

This  Tree  is  by  many  learned  Aa- 
thors  recommended  for  the  Improve- 
ment of  the  Air,  and  a  Specific  for 
the  Lungs,  as  fending  forth  great 
Quantities  of  aromatic  and  baliamic 
Scents  ;  wherefore  many  of  the  an- 
tient  Phyficians  of  the  Eaftem  Coun- 
tries ufed  to  fend  their  Patients,  who 
were  troubled  with  weak  Lungs,  to 
the  Ifland  of  Can£a^  which  at  that 
time  abounded  with  thefe  Trees, 
where,  from  the  Effefls  of  the  Air 
alone,  very  few  failed  of  a  perfed 
Cure. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Native  of  Ame- 
rica ^y/Yitrt  it  grows  in  watry  Places, 
and  arifes  to  a  prodigious  Height, 
and  is  of  a  wonderful  Bulk :    I  have 
been  informed,  that  there  are  Trees 
of  this  Kind  in  America  which  are 
upwards  of  feventy  Feet  high,  and 
feverai  Fathoms  in  Circumference  : 
which  Trees  grow  conftantly  in  the 
Water ;  therefore  they  may  proba- 
bly be  of  fingular  Advantage  to 
plant  in  fuch  fwarapy  or  wet  Soi^^, 
where  few  other  Trees  will  grow, 
efpecially  of  the  refinous  Kind.  That 
they  are  vtry  hardy,  in  refpef^  to 
Cold,    is  evident,  .from  fome  few 
Trees  of  this  Kind  which  were  for* 
merly  planted  in  England  i  parrica- 
larly  one  in  the  Gardens  of  }VAr 

Tradtfca.^ 


c  u 

Trade/cant  at  S'outb  Lambeth  near 
Fiuixbaii,  which  is  upwards  of  thirty 
Feet  highy  and  of  a  confidcrable 
Bulk  ;  which,  thoagh  in  a  common 
Yard  at  prefent,  where  bo  Care  is 
taken  of  it»  but  on  the  contrary, 
many  Hooks  are  driven  into  the 
Trunk,  to  fallen  Cords  thereto  for 
drying  of  Cloaths,  yet  the  Tree  is 
in  great  Health  and  Vigour;  but 
hath  not  produced  any  Fruit  as  yet ; 
which  may  be  occafioned  for  want 
of  Moifture :  for  we  often  fee  many 
aquatic  Plants  will  grow  apon  a 
drier  Soil ;  but  yet  are  feldom  io  pro- 
dudlive  of  either  Flowers  or  Fruit, 
as  thofe  which  remain  growing  i^ 
the  Water. 

There  is  alfo  a  pretty  brge  Tree 
of  this  Kind,  now  growing  in  the 
Qardens  of  Sir  Abraham  Janjjfin^ 
Bart,  at  Wimbltdw  in  5«rry,  which 
has-  produced    great  Quantities  of 
Cones  for  fome  Years  pall,  which  in  . 
favourable  Seaibns  come  to  Matu- 
rity; and  the  Seeds  have  been  as 
good    as  thofe  which    have   been 
brought  from  America,     This  Tree 
was  tranfplanted  when  it  was  very 
large,  which  has  ftioted  its  Growth ; 
which,    together  with  its  growing 
upon  a  dry  Soil,  may  have  occafion- 
ed its  Fruitfulnefs ;  for  it  has  made 
very  little  Progrefs  in  its  Growth 
£nce  it  was  removed. 

Thefe  Trees  are  all  props^ated 
from  Seeds,  which  (hould  be  fown 
early  in  the  Spring  on  a  Bed  of  warm 
dry  (andy  Earth,  which  muft  be  le- 
velled very  fmooth  ;   then  fow  the 
Seeds  thereon  pretty  thick,   fifting 
the  fame  light  Earth  over  them  half 
an  Incti  thick.  If  the  Weather  (hoald 
prove  very  warm  and  dry,  it  will  be 
proper  to  water  the  Bed,  which  muft 
be  done  very  carefully,   obferving 
not  to  wafh  the  Seeds  out  of  the 
Cound.     In  about  a  Month's  time 
(^  yoar  Seed»are  good)  the  young 


c  u 

Plants  will  appear  above -gronnd, 
which  muft  be  conftantly  kept  clean 
from  Weeds,  and 'in  very  dry  Wea- 
ther (hould  be  often  refrefhed  with 
Water;  but  this  (hould  be  done  with 
great  Caution,  led  you  beat  thefe 
tender  •  rooted  Plants  out  of  the 
Ground. 

If  the  Seeds  are  fown  upon  a  mo- 
derate Hot-bed,  and  the  Bed  cover- 
ed with  Mats,  they  will  come  up 
much  fooner,  and  with  greater  Cer- 
tainty, than  when  they  are  fown  in 
the  cold  Ground. 

In  this  Bed  the  young  Plants  may 
remain  two  Years,  by  which  time 
they  will  have  Strength  enough  to 
be  tranfplanted  into  a  Nurfery.  The 
beft  Seal'on  for  removing  them  is  in 
the  Beginning  of  Aprils  when  the 
drying  Eaftcrly  Winds  of  March  are 
over ;  ana,  if  pofiible,  choo(e  a 
cloudy  Day,  when  it  is  inclinable  to 
Rain  ;  and  in  taking  them  oat  of 
the  Seed-bed,  prefer ve  the  Rj6ots  as 
mtire  as  pofiible,  and,  if  you  can,  a 
Ball  of  Earth  to  each  Plant.  The 
Soil  in  which  thefe  Trees  (hould  be 
planted  (as  I  before  faid),  (hould  be, 
for  the  two  (irft  Sorts,  a  warm  Sand 
or  Gravel ;  which  when  you  have 
prepared,  by  carefully  digging  and 
deanfiDg  from  all  noxious  Weeds, 
you  mull  lay  it  level.  Then  draw 
the  Lines  where  the  Trees  are  to  be 
planted  at  tliree  Feet  afunder,  and 
plant  the  Trees  at  eighteen  Inches 
Ditlance  in  the  Rows,  obferving  to 
clofe  the  Earth  well  to  their  Roots^ 
as  alfo  to  lay  a  little  Mulch  upon 
the  Surface  of  the  Ground  about 
their  Siems  ;  and  water  them  well, 
to  fettle  the  Earth  to  their  Roots; 
which  (hould  be  repeated  twice  a 
Week,  until  the  Plants  have  taken 
freih  Root. 

Thefe  Plants  may  remain  in  the 
Nurfery  three  or  fogr  Years,  accord- 
ing to  the  Progrefs  they  make,  ^r 
D  d  4  your 


c  u 

your  GrouDd  is  ready  wkere  they 
are  to  be  planted  :  but  if  you  intend 
to  jet    them   remain   longer,    yoa 
fliould  take  up  every  other  Tree  in 
Che  Rows,  and  trmfplant  out ;  for 
Otherwife  their  Roots  will  be  matted 
together,  fo  that  it  will  render  it 
ditftcult  to  tranfplant  them,  asalfo 
endanger  the  future  Growth  of  the 
Tjees.     Thefic  Plants  fliould  by  no 
means  be  let  ftand  too  long  in  the 
Nurfery,  before  they  are  tranfplant- 
ed  out  for  good  ;  becaufe  the  Roots 
do  not  mat  together  fo  clofely  at 
thofe  of  many  otner  Sorts  of  ever- 
green I'rees,  whereby  they  may  be 
taken  up  with  good  fialls  of  Earth 
to  the.r  Roots;  but  the  Roots  of  the 
Cyprefs  are  apt  to  extend  out  in 
Length  ;  fo  ic  is  one  of  the  moil  dif- 
ficult Trees  to  remove  when  grown 
large ;  therefore  moft  curious  Per- 
fons  choofe  to  plant  the  young  Plants 
into  froall  Pots,  when  they  hrft  cake 
them  out  of  the  Seed-bed;  and  fo 
train  them  up  in  Pots  for  two  or 
three  Years,    until  they  are  fit  to 
Dlant  out,  where  they  are  to  (land 
for  good;    and,   by  this  Manage- 
ment,   they  are  fecure  of  all  the 
Plants ;  and  thefe  may  be  ihaken  out 
of  the  Pots  at  any  time  of  the  Year 
without  Danger,  and  planted  with 
their  whole  Ball  of  Earth,  which  is 
likewife  a  great  Advantage.     When 
they  are  planted  out  for  good  (if 
they  arc  defigned  for  Timber),  they 
ihould  be  planted  about  eighteen  or 
twenty  Feet  Dillance  every  Way ; 
and  be  very  careful  in  removing 
them,  not  to  (hake  the  Earth  from 
their  Roots ;  to  prevent  which,  you 
ihould  open  the  Ground  about  each 
Tree,  cutting  off  all  long  Roots  j 
then  working    under    the   Ball  of 
^arth,  cut  the  downright  Roots  off ; 
and  after  having  pared  off  all  the 
Earth  from  the .  Upper-part  of  the 
Mfdlf  as  alfo  reduced  fhe  Bqlk  of  it, 


c  u 

fo  that  its  Weight  may  not  be  to« 
great  for  the  tibres  to  fupport,  they 
may  be  carried  upon  an  Hand-barrow 
by  two  Perions  to  the  Place  where 
they  are  to  be  planted  :  but  if  they 
are  to  be  carried  to  a  very  diilant 
Place,  they  fhould  either  be  put  into 
Bafkets,  or  their  Roots  ciofely  mat- 
ted up.  When  they  are  planted,  yoa 
muft  fettle  the  Earth  clofe  to  their 
Roots,  as  before,  laying  a  littleMulck 
upon  the  Surface  of  the  Ground 
about  their  Stems,  to  prevent  the 
Sun  and  Wind  from  entering  the 
Earth  to  dry  their  Fibres  ;  and  wa- 
ter them  well,  to  fettle  the  Ground 
Co  their  Roots ;  which  mull  alfo  be 
repeated  (if  the  Weather  be  dry)  un- 
til they  have  taken  Root  s  after 
which  time  they  will  require  little 
more  Care  than  to  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds. 

The  firil,  which  is  the  moft  com* 
mon  Sort  in  England^  ieldom  pro- 
duces good  Seeds  in  this  Country ; 
it  is  therefore  the  bei\  way  to  have 
the  Cones  brought  over  intire  from 
the  South  Parts  of  Fr^mce  or  Italj^ 
where  they  ripen  perfedly  well,  and 
take  the  Seeds  out  juft  before  yoa 
fow  them  ;  for  they  will  keep  much 
better  in  the  Cones  than  if  they  are 
taken  out.  The  Method  to  get  the 
Seeds  out  is  to  expofe  the  Cones  to 
a  gentle  Heat,  which  will  caufe  them 
to  open,  and  eafily  emit  their  Seeds. 

The  fecond  Sort  produces  very 
good  Seeds  in  England ;  fo  that  we 
may  hope  to  be  iupplied  with  Seeds 
in  Plenty,  in  a  few  Years,  from  Trees 
of  our  Growth :  and  as  this  is  x!st!t 
more  valuable  Tree,  it  will  be  no 
fmall  Ad  vantage,  to  our  Plantations 
of  Timber  to  introduce  it  amongft 
them,  efpecially  thofe  of  ever-grcca 
Trees  :   thefe  Trees  have  beeo  by 
all  the  former  Writers  on  Botany 
put  down  as  two  diilindl  Species ;  fo 
1  have  alfo  mention^  them  here  as 

fuch; 


c  u 

fach;  yet,  from  ieveral  Trials  which 
J  have  lately  made,  I  find  that  the 
Seeds  of  the  fecond  will  poduce 
Plants  of  both  Kinds;  therefore  they 
fliould  be  deemed  bat  one  Species. 

The  Firginimn  Kind  may  alio  be 
propagated  in  as  great  Plenty  ;  for 
the  Cones  of  this  may  be  eafily  pro 
cured  from  Carolina  or  Virginia,  in 
both  which  Places  they  grow  in  great 
Abaudance ;  and  the  Seeds  will  riie 
as  eafily  as  any  of  the  other  Sorts, 
and  are  equally  as  hardy :  thefe  have 
been  formerly  kept  in  Pots,  and 
hooied  in  Winter ;  with  which  Ma- 
nagement they  have  not  fucceeded 
fo  well,  as  they  have  done  in  Eng- 
iandf  fince  People  have  planted  them 
into  the  full  Ground ;  and  where 
they  have  had  a  moift  Soil,  I  have 
obferved  them  to  thrive  beft :  which 
is  fince  confirmed  by  Mr.  Catejhy^ 
in  his  Natural  Htftwry  of  Carolina  ; 
where  he  fays.  That  this  Tree  grows 
in  Places  where  the  Water  commonly 
covers  the  Surface  of  the  Ground 
three  or  four  Feet ;  fo  that  it  may 
be  a  very  great  improvement  to  our 
boggy  Soils  This  Tree,  cafling  its 
Leaves  in  Winter,  does  not  (b  well 
fuit  with  Plantations  of  Ever-greens 
at  that  Seafon ;  though  in  Summer, 
when  there  is  the  gieatelt  Pleafure 
in  walking  among  Plantations  of 
Trees,  it  hath  fo  much  the  Appear- 
ance of  an  Ever-green,  as  to  pa(s 
for  fuch ;  and  therefore  may  be  of 
Service  to  complete  Plantations  or 
Vifta's  of  Cyprefs -trees,  where  it 
nay  fo  happen,  that  a  low  marfhy 
Spot  of  Ground  may  intervene. 

The  fourth  Sort  is,  at  prefcnt, 
pretty  rare  in  the  Englijh  Gardens, 
tho'  of  late  Years  there  have  been 
feveral  Plants  raifed  in  fome  curious 
Qardensj  but  this  Sort  is  not  quite 
fo  hardy,  I  fear,  as  the  common 
Cyprefs,  tho*  the  young  Plants  have 
f|OC  been  injured  by  any  of  the  late 


c  u 

Winters ;  btit  in  the  fevere  Froft  hi 
1 740.  there  was  a  large  Tree  of  this 
Kind  intirely  killed  in  the  Gardens 
of  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Ricbnumi^ 
at  Goodwood  in  Sujfex.  There  aro 
gieac  Plenty  of  thefe  Trees  growing 
at «  Place  called  Bufaeo^  near  J^^ms- 
hor9ugb  in  Portugal,  where  this  Tree 
is  called  the  Cedar  of  Bufacoi  and 
there  it  grows  to  be  a  Timber- tree  i 
fb  that  itom  thence  the  Seeds  mi^ 
be  eafily  procured. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  a  Native  of  Norti 
America,  where  it  grows  to  a  confi- 
der^ble  Height,  aad  affords  an  ufe* 
ful  Timber  to  the  Inhabitants  for 
many  Purpofes.  This  Sort  is  ex- 
tremely worth  cultivating  in  Bng^- 
Umd\  for  as  it  grows  in  a  mudk 
colder  Country,  there  is  no  Danger 
of  its  thriving  well  in  the  open 
Air  in  England;  and  being  an  Ever* 
green  of  regular  Growth,  will  add 
to  the  Variety  in  Wildernefs-quar* 
ters,  or  other  Plantations  of  ever- 
green Trees, 

This  Sort  is  propagated  by  Seeds^ 
which  (hottld  be  (own  in  the  Sprinf^ 
in  Boxes  or  Tubs  filled  with  frefit 
light  Earth,  and  placed  where  they 
may  enjoy  the  morning  Sun  till  Elo^ 
iren  or  Twelve  o'Clock :  in  dry  Wea- 
ther they  fiiould  be  duly  watered, 
and  conllantly  kept  clear  from  Weeds; 
in  this  Situation  they  may  remain  till 
Michaelmas^  when  they  fhould  be 
removed  to  a  warmer  Place ;  for  the 
Plants  feldom  appear  till  the  follow- 
ing Spring,  fo  that  it  will  be  profMv 
CO  place  the  Boxes  or  Tub&  vaaj  the 
South  Wall,  Pale,  or  Hedge,  darin|( 
the  Winter-feafon ;  left,  by  being 
too  much  fhaded,  the  Wet  of  the 
Winter-feafon  flioold  rot  the  Seedsr 
In  the  Spring  following,  if  theie 
Tubs  or  Boxes  are  placed  on  a  mo- 
derate Hot-bed,  it  will  bring  ap 
the  Plants  ytty  foon,  and  greetly 
fof  ward  their  Growth  •  but  es  the 

Spring 


cu 

7«ir  Grottnd  is.  ready  wkexc  t'hcy 
are  to  be  planted  :  but  if  you  intend 
to  Jet    them   remain   longer,   you 
Ihould  take  up  every  other  Tree  in 
the  Rows,  and  tr.mfplant  out ;  for 
otherwife  their  Roots  will  be  matted 
together,   fo  that  it  will  render  it 
ditRcult  to  tranfplant  them,  as  alfo 
endanger  the  future  Growth  of  the 
Trees.     Thefc  Plants  (hould  by  no 
means  be  let  ftand  too  long  in  the 
Nurfery,  before  they  are  tranfplant- 
ed  out  for  good  ;  becaufe  the  Roots 
do  not  mat  together  fo  clofely  as 


c  V 


tp^ 


fo  that  i«  J^««  JJ,  •  g, 

maybecarnedup^r-^^ 

by  two  PeH»ns  ^  ^  f  fr 
they  are  to  be/ g^jT  I  p. 


^ 


are 

Place 

Baflcets 


^ 


it  in 
.oold  be 
when  there 


to 

Cyprefs 

Length 

ficult  1 

large  i  therefore  moft  cur^ 

fons  choofe  to  plant  the  y 

into  fmall  Pots,  when  t{ // 

them  out  of  the  Seeijf 

train  them  up  in  Fj! 

three  Years,    until /U        ^hen  there 

plant  out,  who-e/^    .cather,  when 

for  good ;   and,  f    .omonly  blow  at 

ment^   they  ay    ^jj,  ^  ^         , 

Phntsiandth'  .^^^^  Plants  ffo 

of  the  Pots  /  ^     ^  ^^f^^^^^  ^  p^^^ 

r^^'^l^'Jer,  till  there  is  an  Altera- 
their  who'  4^;^i,er,  than  hazard  the 
Sr '^  V/v^hen  the  Plants  are  planted, 
th     .^^ihoM  be  watered  to  fettle  the 

!!!      iSce  of  the  Ground  ihould  be  co- 


ound:  the  Plants  will  i& 
.  conftantly  to  be  watered  in  dry 
«yeather,otherwire  they  are  very  apt 
to  die  in  Summer ;  for  thefe  PlanQ 
ffrow  upon  moill  Soils,  and  in  low 
Iwampy  Places,  in  Ngrtb  Amnica ; 
fo  will  not  grow  upon  dry  Groundj 
but  the  Cold    never  injures  thde 
Trees  :  fo  that  where  thefe  are  cul- 
tivated,  they  mull  not  he  planted 
upon  a  dry  Soil;  for  they  will  ccr- 
tainly  die  in  Summer,  for  want  of 
Moifture.     Thefe  Trees  aie,  with 
Difficulty,  removed  after  they  hairt 
been  growing  any  confiderable  time 
in  a  Place;  therefore  it  is  much  the 
bed  Method  to  keep  them  in  Pots, 
until  they  arc  fit  to  put  out  for 
^^  with  Mulch,  to  prevent  the    good. 

^tfii  and  Wind  froni  penetrating  to        The  Branches  of  this  Tree  an 
fhe  Roots  of  the  Plants ;  for  nothing    gar n  iHied  with  flat  ever-green  Letre^ 
15  more  injurious  to*thefe  Plants,     refembling  thofe  of  thez/jrior/'/y^; 
than  to  have  their  Fibres  dried  when    and  the  Cones  are  no  larger  than  dv 
they  are  tranfplarited  s  therefore  the    Berries  of  the  Juniper,  from  ^hjd 
Plants  (hould  not  be  taken  out  of    they  are  not  eafily  didinguijhpdsta 
the  Tubs,  till  you  are  ready  to  place    little  Diftance  ;    but  upop  clole^ 
them  in  the  Ground;   for  tliey  will    viewing  they  are perfc^ Copes, lwi.v 
not  bear  to  lie  out  of  the  Ground    ing  many  Cells,  like  thofe  of  q^^ 


tw    St'^ 
ar 


any  time  without  great  D^ngi^r. 


^qmjnon  Cyprefs :  if  tbsfe  Trees  ^^^ 

^1 


^ 

"O-" 

^^^ 

^w*^ 

*%.^ 


CU 

moift  ftfong  Soil^  they 

^Progrcfs^  and  may, 

become  profitable 

♦ever  this  Tree 

%  yet  it  will 

^^e  Plan- 

cfpe- 


& 


TC   IS 


s^^' 


^ 


^ery 
^^^  ^  generally 

*ies,  from  the 
Out  as  thefe  grow 
^  Order,  the  Trees  have 
«rerent  Appearance  from  all 
^iber  Sorts.     This  grows  to  be 
^   large  Timber-tree  in   Portugal; 
but  the  largeft  Tree  which  I  hav« 
ieen  in  Eftgia/n/,  has  not  been  above 
fifteen  Feet  in  Heigh  ;    and  the 
Branches  of  this  were  extended  more 
than  eight  Feet  on  every  Side  from 
the  Stem.    This  Sort  may  be  pro- 
pagated from  Seeds  in  the  iame  man- 
ner as  the  common  Cyprefs ;  and  the 
Planu  (hould  be  treated  in  the  fame 
manner  as  hath  been  direded  for 
them,   with  this  Difference  only; 
That  it  will  be  proper  to  cover  thefe 
Plants,  during  the  two  firft  Winters, 
after  they  are  come  up ;  efpecially 
if  the  Froft  fhould  be  fevere,  which 
might  deftroy  them,  if  they  areex- 
pofed  to  it  while  they  are  young. 
This  Sort  may  alfo  be  propagated 
tyy  Cuttings,  which  if  planted  in  Au- 
tumn, and  fcreened  in  Winter,  (hey 
will  take  Root ;   but  It  is  generally 
^o  Years  before  they  will  be  rooted 
enough  to  eraaiblant,  nor  will  the 


c  u 

Plants,  fo  raifed,  thrive  fo  fiift  as 
the  Seedlings;  therefore  when  the 
Seeds  can  be  obtained,  that  is  the  beft 
Method  to  propagate  this  Tree. 

The  Amirican  deciduous  Cyprels 
may  alfo  be  propagated  by  Cuttings, 
as  I  have  feveral  times  tried;  fo  that 
when  Seeds  cannot  be  had,  this  Me- 
thod may  be  pra6Ufed  foccefsfully : 
I  fuppofe  the  common  Sort  will  alfo 
take  from  Cuttings ;  but  this  I  have 
t  experienced ;  fo  cannot  recom* 

^  it  to  Praaice. 
^^  Trees  are  fo  very  onui- 
^  Gardens,  that  no  large 

^  can  be  complete  without 
^^..^ahy  of  them  ;  and  it  i»  to  thei^ 
'  Trees  that  the  haiian  Villa's  owe  a 
great  Share  of  their  Beauty:  for 
there  is  no  Tree  fo  proper  to  place 
near  Buildings :  the  pyramidal  up^ 
right  Growth  of  their  Branches 
affords  a  pidurefque  Appearance^ 
and  obllrndb  not  the  View  of  the 
Building;  and  the  Dark-green  oF 
their  Leaves  makes  a  fine  Contraft 
with  the  White  of  their  Building: 
io  that,  whereever  there  are  Temples 
or  other  Buildings  erefted  in  Gar«- 
dens,  there  is  no  Sort  of  Tree  fb 
proper  to  place  near  them  as  thefe; 
In  all  the  Landfchapes  of  Itaiim 
Villa's,  we  fee  many  Cyprefs-trees 
reprefented,  which  have  a  very 
agreeable  Effed  in  the  Pidure ;  and 
the  Trees,  when  rightly  difpofed  in 
a  Garden,  afford  a  no  lefs  agreeable 
Profpeft. 

CURRAN-TREE.    r//fRibes: 

CURURU.     This  is  the  ln£an 

Name  for  this  Plant ;  and  we  know 

no  Englijb  Name  to  it  at  prefent.  • 

The  CbaraSers  are ; 

It  batb  a  rofe-Jbafid  Fi^^gr,  cm* 

fifttng  of  four  or  more  Petoh^  *wbich 

art  placid  in  a  circular  Order ^  from 

nvhofe  many- Uav'^d  Flower-cup  arifet 

the  Pointed  \  ^hicb  aftertward  be* 

coma  m  ftarjbafed  triemgular  Fruity 

diyidief 


C  XT 

SvitUdhfo  thru  Pmrtt  //  m  tin  Tap 
U  tbt  BpUom,  €OHtaining  tbne  Jltfiy 
Btfds^  nuhuh  artfafieiuito  the  Seid* 
nftjfil  hj  a  Jlendcr  red  Filament. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  CuRUnv  Jcandens  wneaph^a^ 
frmilu  ratemoft  rubr9.  Plum,  Nov. 
Gem,  Climbing  nine-leavM  Cururu, 
mitb  red  Fruit  growing  in  a  Bunch. 

2.  QvK.JitiV  fiamdenj  pentaphylla. 
Thtm.  Nuv.  Gen.  Climbing  Ave* 
]eav*d  Cucura. 

3.  CuRURU  JcandeMS  triphyJla* 
Plim.  N9v>  Gen.  Climbing  three- 
leavM  Cnruru* 

Thefe  Plants  grow  plentifully  is 
the  ii)and  of  Jamaica^  at  La  Vera 
Crmtf  and  feveral  other  Parts  of 
4merica  \  where  they  climb  upTrees, 
and  ramble  over  Hedges,  fiuihes,  or 
whatever  grows  near  them.  The 
'£rft,  which  is  the  largefl  Plant  of 
Gvowth,  will  many  times  dimb  op 
JEvie-tnd -twenty  or  thirty  Feet  high; 
the  other  two  feldom  grow  above 
^boeen  or  eighteen  Ftet  high. 
.  Thefe  Plants  arc  preferved  in  cu- 
r30MS  Botanic  Gardens  for  the  fake 
df  V viety  s  but  there  is  no  great 
Seautgr  im  them.  They  may  be 
propagated  by  fowing  their  Seeds 
Cp  an  Hot-bed  early  in  the  Spring ; 
smd  when  the  Plants  are  come  up, 
they  ihould  be  each  tranfplanted 
into  a  fmall  Halfpeny  Pot  Elled  with 
Irefli  light  Earth,  and  then  plunged 
into  a  moderate  Hoc-bed  of  Tanners 
Barky  obferving  to  (hade  them  until 
they  hav^  taken  Root ;  after  which 
time  they  ihould  have  a  large  Share 
of  irffti  Air  admitted  to  dicm  in 
warm  Weather ;   and  mull  be  fre- 

Siently  refrefhed  withWater.  When 
e  Plants  have  iiUcd  tbe£e  Pots  with 
theirKoots,  they  fliould  be  ihifted  into 
others  of  a  larger  Size,  ar\d  plunged 
into  the  Hotb^  again,  treating  them 
»5  b^ore :  in  this  Bed  they  may  re* 
imtin  till  Autumn,  proyide4  di«re  i| 


c  Y 

room  ibr  them  under  the  GlaTs  wi&- 
out  being  prefled ;  then  they  mofl 
be  removed  into  the  Bark -(love,  and 
placed  toward  the  Back-dde  of  the 
Bed ;  where,  if  they  are  fupported 
by  a  Trellace,  they  will  climb  up  to 
a  great  Height,  and  produce  Flowers 
In  Winter  thefe  Plants  (hoixld  have 
a  temperate  Heat,  and  muft  be  oftea 
refrcihed  with  Water. 

CUSTARD. APPLE.  FideGu^ 
lubanus. 

CYAN  US.  Bottle  •  flower,  or 
Bluebottle. 

The  CbureiSers  are  ; 

//  bath  a  fyuamofe  hairy  Calyx : 
ihe  Dijk  of  the  Flo<wer  is  alaufiplaiM\ 
hut  the  wter  Fhjrtts  round  the  Border 
4ir0  large^  tubuUus^  and  dtMply  cnt 
in:  thefe  outer  Fhrets  are  al'wetfs 
barren  i  but  the  inner  Floret i  hteve 
^  fafgl^  naked  Seed  fucceeSng  tach. 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Cyanus  montanus  lutifoUns^ 
vel  nferbafculum  cyanides.  C.  i'. 
The  greater  broad-leavM  Blue-bot- 
tle, commonly  called  Globe-fiowcn 

2.  Cyanvs  anguftiere  folio  H 
Jongiore,  Belgicus,  H,  R.  Par,  The 
greater  narrow  -  leavM  Blue-bottle, 
or  Globe-flower. 

3.  CyaNUS  Jforidus  jodoratus  Tar' 
ficus,  fifoe  Orient alit  major ^  fhre  par- 
pureo.  PmrL  The  purple  fweet  Sul- 
tan, vulgo, 

4.  Cyan  us  fioridus  odoraius  Tur- 
ticuSffive  Orient  a/is  major,  fiore  alU, 
H.R.Par.  The  white  fweet  SuUao, 
'vulgo, 

g.  Cyan  us  floridus  odoratus  Tur* 
cicus^  fi<ve  Orient  alts  major  ^  fore  ia- 
carnato.  H.  L»  Sweet  Sultan,  wick 
a  pale  Flower. 

6.  Cyan  us  floridus  odoratus  Tar- 
cicus,  five  Orientalis  major^  fart 
lutfo.  H,  L,  The  yellow  (weflC 
Sultan. 

7 .  C  y  A  w  u  s  ffgetum,  flare  ceeralt^ 
C.  B,    Com  Blue-bottle. 

8.  Ctanu* 


C  Y 

S.  Ctakos  fegitum^  flore  alio. 
C.  £.  Com-bocde  with  a  white 
Flower. 

^.  CvAirirs  fegtium^  flare  varit^ 
^aio.  Corn -bottle  with  a  vaiiable 
Flower. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Species  are 
abiding  Plant8,which  increafe  greatlf 
by  their  creeping  Roots.     The  firft 
is  yftxy  common  in  moft  of  the  old 
Country-  gardens^  hot  is  feldom  pre- 
fer vcd  in  curious  Flower-gardens; 
becaufe  it  is  fo  apt  to  overfpread 
iKrhateTcr  Plants  grow  near  it ;  how* 
ever,  it  maj  have  a  Place  in  large 
Borders  under  Trees,  or  WildemefTes^ 
'where  it  will  thrive  very  well :  and 
altho*  it  is  a  Flower  of  little  Beauty, 
^ec»  for  its  Variety,  and  long  Con- 
Unaance  to  flower,  it  deferves  to  be 
propagated  in  very  large  Gardens. 
The  fecond  is,  at  present,  lefs  com- 
mon in  Englandy  being  rarely  to  be 
fband  but  in  Botanic  Gardens.  Thefe 
are  multiplied  by  taking  Off- fets  from 
the  old  Roots^  which  they  fornilh 
HI  great  Plenty,  cither  in  Spring  or 
Autumn,  and  will  grow  in  any  Soil 
or  Sit  nation. 

The  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  iixth 
Sorts  are    commonly  fown  on  an 
Hot-bed,  and  treated  as  the  Bal fa- 
mine, or  Marvel  of  Ptru :  hot  thefe 
will  Hower  full  as  well,  if  they  are 
ibwn   on  a  Border  of  good  light 
Earth    in  a  warm  Pofition,  except 
the  fjxth  Sore,  which  fhould  have  an 
Mot-  bed ;  and  when  the  Plan  ts  come 
up,  they  may  be  pricked  out  upon 
another  Bed  of  good  Earth  fix  Inches 
apart  each  Way,  where  thty  may 
remain  until  they  are  ftrong  enough 
to  be  tranfplanted  where  they  are  to 
flower ;  which  may  be  either  in  Pots, 
or  m  Borders  amongft  other  Annu- 
als :    m  doing  of  wh'ch,  you  muft 
be  caretui   not  to  fhake  the  Earth 
from  their  Roots;  and  when   they 
4re  pla&ted,  they  fhould  be  watered 


c  V 

and  fhadtd  nnti!  they  have  takiti 
iie^  Root.  In  Jmfy  thefe  PJanIs 
will  begin  to  flower,  and  coatmoc 
Qtttil  the  Frofl  prevents  them,  fiat 
you  flionld  obferve  to  let  die  earlicft 
Flowers  remain  for  Seeds ;  for  if  the 
Autumn  fhould  prove  cold  and  wet^ 
the  late  Flowers  will  notprodace 
good  Seeds,  efpecially  the  yellow 
Sort,  which  feldom  perfeds  Sokds, 
unlefs  they  are  brought  to  flower 
Ycry  early. 

There  are  two  or  three  other  Va- 
rieties of  thefe  Flowers,  as  one  with 
quilled  Flowers,  both  of  the  yellow 
and  white  Sorts;  and  another  with 
large  plain  Florets,  of  a  Flefh-cdour^ 
which  is  caird  xnTurky Amherhoi^  or 
Emberhoi ;  but  thefe  are  not  conflant, 
but  are  very  fubjcd  to  vary  from  the 
Sorts  which  the  Seeds  were  faved 
from  ;  therefore  fhctuld  not  be 
efleemed  as  different. 

Thefe  Plants  are  annual,  and 
rarely  continue  after  perfcfting  their 
Seeds ;  yet,  in  order  to  have  then* 
flower  early  in  the  Seafon,  you  majr 
(bw  their  Seeds  the  Latter-end  of 
7*/r,  or  the  Beginning  of  Auguft^ 
chat  the  Plants  may  have  Strength 
before  the  cold  Weather  comes  on; 
and  if  thefe  are  planted  into  warm 
Borders,  they  will  endure  the  Cold 
very  well,  provided  they  are  not  fo 
forward  as  to  run  up  to  flower ;  and 
thefe  will  flower  early  the  next  Sum« 
mer ;  by  which  Method  you  ma:y 
always  be  fure  to  obtain  good 
Seeds. 

I'hc  Corn-bottles  are  alfo  Annuals, 
which,  for  the  Diveificy  of  ihcif 
Flowers,  were  propagated  in  Gar- 
dens i  but  of  lace  Years  the/  have 
been  almofl  excluded :  however,  the 
variable  Flowers  are  worthy  of  a 
Place  in  every  good  Garden ;  efpe- 
cially thofe  witiv  variegated  Flowers, 
of  which  there  are  aow  a  g^ea^ 
Variety  of  Colours  in  the  EngUfi 

Gardens. 


C  Y 

Otrdens.  Thcfe  ihould  be  fown  In 
Aatumn,  and  may  be  tranfplanted 
into  large  Borders,  where  they  will 
c&dare  the  Cold,  and  flower  early 
the  fucceeding  Summer,  and  will 
grow  in  almoft  any  Soil  or  Sitna- 
oon. 

CYCLAMEN,  Sow-bread. 
The  CJbara^ers  are ; 

L  bath  a  thick  r§und  JUJby  Root : 
ihi  Fiowirs  Mrift  fingly  ufon  Pedicles 
/rem  the  Roet^  'which  confift  of  9ht 
Leaf^  di*oiied  into  Jive  or  fix  Seg- 
mgntSf  which  org  refiexed  almoft  to 
the  Bottom,  *where  they  are  di*vided: 
the  Pointal  of  the  Fhnuer  becomes  a 
retrnd  membranaceous  Fntit,  which 
eontains  many  roundijh  Seeds,  nvhich^ 
icing  committed  to  the  Earth,  become 
mRoot, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Cyclamen  hedint  folio,  flore 
ftsrpureo.  C.  B.  Common  autumnal 
Sow  bread,  with  purple  Flowers. 

2.  Cyclamen  hedera  folio ^  flore 
mlbon  Autumnal  Sow- bread,  with  a 
white  Flower. 

3.  Cyclamen  orbiculato  folio, 
iftfeme  pur pitraf cent e,  C.  B.  Round- 
lea  vM  Sow-bread,  with  Leaves  of  a 
pnrplilh  Colour  underneath. 

4.  Cyclamen  'vernum  minus,  or* 
iiculato  folio  inferne  rubente,  flore 
minoremberrimo,  Mor,  Hifl.  LefTer 
Spring  Sow -bread,  with  roundiih 
Leaves  of  a  rediih  Colour  under- 
nea±,  with  fmall  deep-red  Flowers. 

5.  Cyclamen  Oyeme  ist  *vere  flo* 
rens,  folio  angulofo  amplo,  flore  albo, 
bafi  purpurea,  Perficum  diSum.  H.  R. 
Par,  The  PerfianWvaxitx  and  Spring- 
flowering  Sow  -  bread,  with  large 
white  Flowers,  and  a  purple  fioc- 
tom. 

6.  Cyclamen    hyeme   (ft    tfere 
florens^foUo  angulofo  amplo ^  flore  car* 

neot  bafi purptn-ea,  H.  R.  Par,     The 
Ferfiun  Winter  and  Spring-flowering 


c  Y 

Sow-bread,with  a  large fle(h  coloured 
Flower,  and  a  parple  Bottom. 

7.  Cyclamen  vemum  album, 
C.  B,  White  Spnng.flowcriDg  Sow- 
bread. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
in  the  curioos  Gardens  Abroad; 
but  thefe  here  mentioned  are  what 
we  have  at  prefent  in  England, 

The  tfirft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  very 
common  in  the  Englj/b  Gardens,  and 
are  vtry  hardy.  Theie  are  propa- 
gated by  rowing  their  Seeds  fooa 
after  they  are  ripe,  in  Tubs  of  freih 
fandy  Earth,  in  the  manner  direded 
for  Xiphium;  to  which  Article  I 
fliall  refer,  to  avoid  Repetition,  la 
four  or  i^yft  Years  time  they  will 
begin  to  flower ;  but  their  Roots, 
being  then  fmall,  will  produce  very 
few  Flowers  i  and  as  their  Roots 
yearly  increafe  in  Bulk,  fo  will  th^ 
Number  of  Flowers  increafe  in  pro- 
portion. I  have  feen  a  Angle  Root 
of  this  Plane  above  fourteen  Inches 
Diameter;  which  hath  produced 
upwards  of  an  hundred  Flowers  ia 
one  Seafon. 

The  beft  Seafon  for  tranfplantxng 
thefe  Roots  is  in  June  or  July,  fooQ 
after  the  Seeds  are  perfeAed ;  but 
they  fliould  not  be  kept  long  out  of 
the  Ground  ;  for  the  Roots  are  dif- 
pofed  to  (hoot  out  frefli  Fibres  with 
the  iird  moid  Weather  after  the  Seeds 
are  fallen  ;  and  in  about  fix  Weeks 
produce  their  Flowers,   which  ap- 
pear upon  Angle  Footflalks  before 
the  Leaves  are  produced.     Aiier  the 
Flowen  are  blown,  the  green  Leaves 
appear,  which  continue  all  the  Win- 
ter ;  and  being  of  a  ftrong  Green^ 
varied  with  White,    it  makes  aa 
handfome  Appearance  during  that 
Seafon.     The  Pedicle  of  the  Flower 
afterward  twifls  like  a  Screw,  ia- 
doflng  the  Embryo  of  the  Fruit; 
by  which  means  it  is  covered  by  the 

grccR 


CY  OY 

gf'ceh  Leaves,  whereby  it  is  pro-  may  haVC  the  morning  San  untit 

tested  from  the  Froft,  &r.  and  about  Eleren  o*Clock ;    bat  during  the 

the  Beginning  of  Jum  the  Seeds  will  time  that  the  Roots  are  deftitute  of 

be  perfedted.  Leaves,  they  (hoold  have  very  little 

The  third  Sort  was  formerly  more  Water  given  them  ;  becaufe  at  that 

common  in  EnglaniiihBn  at  prefent.  Seafon  they  are  not  capable  of  dif- 

This  muft  be  treated  in  the  fame  charging  the  Moiftare.     This  is  zlfd 

manner  with  the  two  former,  and  the  proper  Seafon  to  tranfplant  ihe 

flowers  in  the  fame  Seafon.  Roots,  or  to  frefh-earth  them ;  and 

The  fourth  and  fevcnth  Sorts  are  as  the  Aatamn  comes  on,  that  the 

tenderer  than  the  former ;  and  moft  Heat  decreafes,   they  may  be  re- 

either  be  planted  in  Pots,  aad  fhel-  moved  into  Places  more  expofed  to 

tered  under  a  Frame  in  Winter,  or  the  Sun ;  where  they  may  remain 

be  placed  in  a  warm  dry  Border,  and  until  Offaber  before  they  need  be 

covered  with  Mats  in  frofty  Wea-  hoafed. 

thei{  otherwife  they  will  not  flower        Toward  ChHftmas^  if  the  Roots 

fo  ftrong  ;    and  in  fevere  Winters,  are  in  good  Health,  they  will  begin 

if  they  are  not  prote^ed  from  Frofl,  to  flower,  and  COntinae  producing 

the  Roots  will  be  deftroyed.    Thcfe  frefli  Flowers    tihtil    Jpril ;    from 

produce  their  Flowers  very  early  in  which,  if  you  intend  to  have  any 

the  Spring,    if  the  Frofl  does  not  Seeds,    you  muft  let    the  Pots  be 

prevent  them.     The  Seeds  of  thefe  placed  fo  as  to  receive  a  great  Share 

are  ripe  about  the  fame  time  with  the  of  freih  Air;    for  if  their  Flowers 

former,  and  muft  be  fown  and  ma-  are  drawn  up  in  the  Houfe,  they 

nsged  in  the  fame  manner ;  but  the  feldom  produce  any  Seeds.     Theie 

Boxes  of  Seeds  or  young  Plants  of  Seeds  are  ripe  about  July^  when  they 

thefe  Kinds  ihould  be  flidtered  in  fliould  be  immediately  fown  in  Pots 

Winter.  or  Cafes  of  good  light  undungM 

The  fifth  and flxth  Sorts  are^ftill  Earth;  which  (hould   be  flieltered 

more  impatient  of  Cojd  and  Wet  in  Winter  under  ^  Frame,  and  cx- 

than  any  of  the  former.   Thefe  muft  pofed  in  Summer  in  the  fame  man- 

conftancly  be  preferved  in  Pots  filled  ner  as  isdirefled  for  the  older  Roots; 

•with  fandy  light  F.arth,  and  houfed  obferving  to  remove  them  into  Pots 

in  Winter ;   but  fliould  be  placed  at  a  wider  Diftance  when  they  are 

aear  the  Glafles,  where  they  may  two  Years  old ;  and  fo  from  time  to 

enjoy  as*  much  free    open  Air  as  time,  as  their  Roots  increafe  in  Bulk, 

pofiible,  when  the  Weather  will  per-  you  muft  give  them  more   room  ; 

init ;  for  if  they  are  crouded  under  and  in  about  four  or  ^vt  Years  time 

other  Plants,  and  are  kept  too  clofe,  they  will  begin  to  flower,  when  you 

they  are  very  fubje^t  to  mould  and  fliould  let  each  Root  have  a  feparatc 

I'ot ;   nor  fliould  they  have  much  Pot,  which  at  firft  may  be  fmall ; 

Water  in  Winter,  which  is  alfo  very  but  when  theRoors  are  grown  large, 

injurious  to  them  :    but  whenever  they  muft  be  put  into  bigger  Pots. 

they  want  Water,  it  fliould  be  given        Thefe  Sorts  have    been  planted 

them  fparingly.  •  In  Summer  thefe  under  warmWalh  in  the  full  Ground, 

Plants  may  be  expofed  to  the  open  where  in  mild  Winters  they  have 

Air,  when  their  green  Leaves  will  done  vtry  well,  but  in  fevere  Froft 

^^cay;  at  which  time  you  fliould  alt  thoie Roots  have  been  deftroyed; 

'wnovcthem  to  a  Place  where  they  therefore,  whenever  thefe  Roots  are* 

J  "  planted 


C  Y 

filtiited  in  aa  open  Border,  there 
uould  be  common  Hot- bed  frames 
•laced  over  them  in  Winter,  that  in 
oad  Weather  they  may  be  covered, 
to  proted  them  from  Froft;  and 
where  they  are  tbas  managed,  the 
Plants  will  produce  more  Flowers, 
and  diofe  will  be  much  feircr,  than 
what  are  produced  from  the  Roots 
in  the  Pots;  and  from  thefe  there 
may  always  be  good  Seeds  expe&ed : 
therefore  fuch  Perfons  who  are  cu» 
sious  in  Flowers,  fliould  have  a  Bor- 
der framed  over  on  purpofe  for  thefe, 
and  the  Guemfey  and  Beliadofma-Lliis^ 
with  fome  other  of  the  curious  bul- 
bous-rooted Flowers ;  in  which  Bor- 
der there  may  be  many  of  thefe  cu- 
rious Flowers  cultivated,  to  more 
Advantage  than  in  any  other  Method 
now  pradifed. 

CYDONIA,  The  Quincc-tree. 
The  CharaSlen  are ; 

^be  Tree  h  ef  a  lonv  Stature :  the 
Branches  are  diffused  and  crooked:  the 
Flo^joer  and  Fruit  is  like  that  of  the 
Pear-tree  i  hut  honveyer  culti'vaied^ 
the  Fruit  is  four  and  aftringent^  and 
is  covered  ivith  a  kind  of  Dtnun, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  CrDOfiiAfru^u  obiongo  l^e^vi* 
arr.  Toum.  The  Pear- qui  nee,  «vulgo, 

2.  Cydonja /rif^7»  hrcviore  i^ 
rotundiore,  Tourn.  The  Apple-quince, 
*vulgo, 

3.  CYDOKfA  latifolia  Lufitanica, 
Tourn.  The  broad-leav'd  Fottugal 
Quince^ 

4.  CyDONiA^*^«  ohlongo  i/e'vi 
dulci  edi^ltj^ue.  Tourn.  The  Quince- 
tree  with  oblong  I'mooth  fweet  Fruit, 
which  are  eatable. 

5.  CydoNia  fruSu  ohlongo mirori 
favuginofo  nou  eduli,  l^oum.  Quince- 
tree  with  lefTer  oblong  dowAiy  Fruit, 
which  are  not  eatable. 

6.  C  Y  DON  I A  angujiijolia  ^uulgaris, 
Zourn»  The  common  Quince-trte, 
lyith  narrow  J^eaves. 


c  Y 

.  Thefe  fix  Sorts  are  cultivated  ia 
mod  Nurferies  near  London ;  but  the 
Portugal  Kind  is  moft  valued  for  tht 
Goodoeis  of  its  Fruit. 

They  are  all  eafily  propagated, 
either  by  Layers,  Suckers,  or  Cut- 
tings, which  muft  be  planted  in  t 
moid  Soil.    Thofe  raifed  from  Sock* 
ers  arefeldom  fo  well  rooted  as  thofe 
which  are  obtained  from  Cuttings  or 
Layers ;  and  are  fubjedi  to  produce 
Suckers  again    in    greater  Pleotjr, 
which  is  not  fo  proper  for  frnit-bcar- 
ing  Trees.     The  Cuttings  (hoold 
be  planted  early.in  the  Autumn,  and 
in  dry  Weather  mud  be  often  watered 
to  encourage  their  Rooting.     The 
fecond  Year  after  they  fliould  be  it- 
movM  into  a  Nurfery  at  three  Feet 
Diflance  Row  from  Row,  and  ooe 
Foot  afunder  in  the  Rows  ;  where 
diey  muft  be  managed  as  was  dired- 
ed  for  Apples.     In  two   or  three 
Years  time  thefe  Trees  will  be  it 
to  tranfplant,  where  they  are  to  r^ 
main  for  good ;    which   fhould  be 
either  by  the  Side  of  a  Ditch,  River, 
or  in  fome  other  moid  Place  ;  where 
they  will  produce  a  greater  Plenty, 
and  much  larger  Fruit,  than  in  a  dry 
Soil ;  tho*  thofe  in  the  dry  Soil  will 
be    better  talied,    and  earlier  ripe. 
ThefeTrees  require  very  little  prune- 
ing ;  the  chief  thing  to  be  oblenrcd 
is,  to  keep  their  Stems  clear  from 
Suckers,  and  cut  olf  fuch  Branches 
as  crofs  each  01  her;  likewife  all  up- 
right  luxuriant  Shoots  from  the  Mid- 
dle of  the  Tree  ihould  be  taken  in- 
tirely  out,  that  the  Head  may  not  be 
too   much    crouded    with    Wood; 
which  is   of  ill  Confequence  to  aQ 
Sorts  of  Fruit- trees.     Thefe  Sorts 
may  alfo  be  propagated  by  budding 
or  grafting  upon  itocks  ra.fed  by 
Cuttings;  fo  that  the  bed  Sorts  may 
be  cultivated  in  greater  Plenty  this 
Way,  than  by  any  other  Method ; 
and  thef(^ Trees  will  bear  Fruit  much 
better.  Tlicfe 


C  Y 

Thefe  arc  alfo  in  great  Eftccm  for 
Stocks  to  graft  and  bud  Pears  on ; 
which  for  Summer  and  Autumn-. 
fruits  are  a  great  Improvement  to 
them,  cfpecially  thofe  defign'd  for 
Walls  and  Efpaliers :  for  the  Trees 
upon  thefe  Stocks  do  not  ihoot  fo 
vigoroufly  as  thofe  upon  Free- flocks, 
and  therefore  may  be  kept  in  lefs 
Compafs,  and  are  fooner  difpofed 
to  bear  Fruit :  but  Winter-fruits  do 
Dot  fucceed  fo  well  upon  chefe  Stocks, 
their  Fruit  being  very  fubjeA  to 
cracky  and  are  commonly  ilony,  ef- 
pecially  all  the  breaking  Pears; 
therefore  thefe  Stocks  are  only  pro- 
per for  the  melting  Pears,  and  for  a 
Boiil  Soil.  The  beft  Stocks  are 
thofe  which  are  raifed  from  Cut- 
tings, or  Seeds. 

CYNOGLOSSUM,Hounds. 
tongue. 

The  Cbaraiiers  are; 

The  Qip  of  tht  Fhnuer  confijls  of 
§ae  Leaf  ixibicb  is  detflj  cut  intofi«vt 
Parti :  the  flonj^er  coufifis  of  one  Leaf 
is  funnel'Jbafed^  and  cut  into  f*ve 
Segments  :  the  Point al,  fwbicb  artfes 
from  tbe  Bottom  of  tbe  Fhnjoer^ 
changes  into  a  Fruit  comfos^d  of  four 
rough ^  and^  for  the  moft  part^  hurry 
Cells  ;  each  cot/taining  a  flat  Seed  af- 
fix* d  to  a  fyramidal  and  quadrilateral 
Flacenta. 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  Cynoglossum  majus  'vrtlgare, 
t.  B,  Common  green  Hounds- 
tongde. 

2.  QYJUOOho^^vu  majus  tvulgare^ 
fore  alba,  C.  B,  Common  Hounds- 
tongue,  with  a  white  Flower. 

^.Qyhoglo  SUV  VLmotttanum  maxi- 
mum. Journ,  The  largeil  mountacii) 
Hoonds-tongue. 

4.  Cynoglossum  femper'virens, 
C.O?.    Evergreen  Hounds-tongue. 

5.  Cynoglossum  Creticum^  ar^ 
menteo  angujio  folio ^    C.  ^.   Candia 

Vol.  i. 


C  Y 

Hounds-tongue,  with  narrow  fil?er* 
ColourM  Leaves. 

6.  Cyhogloissvm  folio  molli  in- 
eano,  fore  cceruleo^  ft r its  rubris  «i/tf- 
riegato,  Mor,  Hift,  Soft-leav'd  hoary 
Hounds- tongue,  with  blue  Flow- 
ers ftrip'd  with  red. 

7.  Cynoglossum  hirfutum  inne- 
ale  minus f  flofculis  minimis  caeruleis^ 
Mor,  Hift,  The  lefler  hairy  Hounds- 
tongue,  with  fmall  blue  Flowers. 

I'here  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  cultivated 
in  curious  Botanic  Gardens;  but  as 
they  are  Plants  of  little  Beauty,  and 
the  firft  Sort  only  is  that  which  is 
commonly  us*d  in  "Medicine,  and 
this  growing  in  great  Plenty  wild 
upon  Dunghils,  and  in  fhady  Lanes 
in  divers  Parts  of  England^  they  are 
therefore  feldom  prefervcd  in  Gar- 
dens. They  may  be  eafily  cultivated 
by  any  Perfon  that  is  curious  that 
way,  by  fowing  the  Seeds  early  ia 
the  Spring,  or  in  Autumn  foon  after 
they  are  ripe,  in  almofl  any  Soil  or 
Situation  (except  the  Candia  Sort, 
which  muft  have  a  warm  Pofition^ 
and  a  dry  Soil) ;  where  they  will 
£ower  and  feed  in  plenty ;  and  if  the 
Seeds  are  permitted  to  fcatter,  will 
abundantly  fupply  the  Place  with 
young  Plants.  As  the  Roots  are  of- 
ten ufed,  fo  the  proper  Seafon  to 
take  them  up  is  foon  after  the  Leaves 
decay,  before  they  ihoot  again ; 
which  is  what  fhould  be  obfervM  of 
all  Roots  either  for  Meat  or  Medi- 
cine ;  for  then  it  is  that  they  have 
the  moft  Virtue. 

CYSTICAPNOS,  African  Blad- 
der-fumitory. 

The  CbaraSers  are ; 

//  bath  an  annual  fihrofe  Rofit: 
tbe  Lea^veSj  Branches^  and  Flo^wers^ 
ha<ve  the  Appearance  of  climbing  Fa* 
mitory  :  the  Fruit  is  an  ontal  Bladder^ 
fierc^d  through  by  ah  Axif,  to  which 
£  •  ^i 


C  Y 

arifaftett^d  round  Seeds  on  every  Side, 
inclosed  again  ivith  one  common  Vejicle^ 
nuhicb  is  expanded  about  the  Axis. 

There  is  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  at  prefent  known ;  which  is, 

Cysticapnos  jffricana  fcandens, 
Boerh.  Irtd.     African  climbing  Blad- ' 
der- fumitory. 

This  Plant  is  annnal ;  <tbe  Seeds 
of  which  may  be  fown  on  a  warm 
Border,  where  it  is  to  remain  ;  for 
it  doth  not  care  to  be  removM :  it 
flowers  in  yuly\  and  the  Seeds  ate 
perfefled  in  Augufi  or  September, 
It  is  a  Plant  of  no  great  Beauty  ;  but 
is  prefervM  in  curious  Botanic  Gar- 
dens for  the  fake  of  Variety. 

CYTISO-GENISTA.  Vide 
Spartiom. 

CYTISUS,  Bafc  Trce-trcfoil. 
The  Cbaraffers  arc ; 

//  batb  a  papilionaceous  (or  pea* 
bloom)  Flo*wer^  nvbcfe  Standard  is 
•'valy  and  tbe  Side  J  reflcxed:  tbe 
Wings  are  obtufe^  ereS^  and  of  tbe 
fame  Length  luitb  the  Standard:  the 
Keel  is  bollonv  and  pointed :  in  tbe 
Centre  arifes  tbe  Point al^  attended  by 
/fff  Stamina;  nineof  ^which  are  coU 
leSled  together,  and  tbe  other  is  Jingle ; 
ibefe  are  inclofed  in  tbe  Keel:  tbe 
Pointal  ofter*tvard  becomes  an  oblong 
Podf  inclcfing  fe^oeral  kidstey-Jbaped 
Seeds;  to  nvhich  may  be  addtd^  Tbe 
Leagues  growing  by  Threes;  as  in  tbe 
Trefoil, 

The  Species  arc ; 

1 .  Cyti  sus  Alpinus  htifoliusjlore 
racemofo  pendulo.  Tourn.  The  broad- 
kav'd  Laburnum,  or  Bean-trefoil. 

2.  C  Y  T I  s  u  s  Alpinus  angvfiifclinSy 
fort  racemofo  pendubtlongiori.  Tourn, 
The  narrow-kavM  Laburnum  or 
Bean- trefoil,  with  long  pendulous 
Flowers. 

•  3.  Cyti  sus  Alpinus,  flare  race- 
fnojopmdulo  bre*i'iori:  'loum,  Broad- 
leavM  Laburnum  or  Bean-trefoil, 
with  very  fhort  pcndolousFIowers.  . 
4.    C  V  T  i  3  V  s    glabcr  •  nigricans. 


C  Y 

C.  B.  The  black  Bafc  Tree-trcfoa. 

5.  Cytisus  Canartenfs  femper^ 
'virens  &  incanus.  Horf.  Amjl.  Hoary 
ever-green  Canary  Trcc-trcfoiL 

6.  Cytisvs  glahris  foliisfubro' 
tundis,^  pedicuUs  bre'oijpmis,  C.B.P, 
Round-leavM  fmooth  Bafc  Tree-tre- 
foil, with  ftiort  Foot-flalks.  This 
is  commonly  fold  by  the  Nnrfcry- 
gardeners,  under  the  Title  of  C/tifiu 

fecundsu  Clufii, 

7.  Cytisus  birfufus,  y,  ^.  Hairy 
Bafc  Tree-trefoil. 

8.  QYTi^Mi  fpinofus,  H.  L,  Prick- 
ly Bafc  Tree-trefoil. 

9.  Cytisus  MonJ^efulastue,  me* 
dic^fols'o,  filiquis  denfe  congeftis  £^ 
*villofis.  Tourn,  Bafc  TVcc- trefoil  of 
Montpelier^  with  Medic-leaves,  and 
hairy  Pods  growing  in  Banches. 

10.  Cytizv^  incanus,  fiiiqueslttw 
giore.  C.  B.  P.  Hoary  Bafc  Tree- 
trefoil,  with  a  longer  Pod. 

11.  Cytisus  hirfutus,  flore  lutet 
purpurafcente,  C,  B.  P.  Hairy  Bale 
Tree-trefoil,  with  a  purpliih-yelloiir 
Flower, 

12.  Cytisus  glaher  t/iridis,  C, 
B.  P,  Smooth  green  Bafc  Tree- 
trefoil. 

13.  Cytisvs fo/iis  incanis  engn- 
fiis,  qunfi  complicatis,  C.  B.  P,  Bale 

Tree  -  trefoil,  with  narrow  hoary 
Leaves. 

1 4.  C Y  T I  s  u  s  Lwfitanicus,  medtc^e 
foliis,  floribus  in  foliomm  alis.  Tourn, 

Portugal  Bafc  Tree  trefoil,  with  a 
Medic-leaf,  and  the  Flowers  grow- 
ing at  the  Wings  of  the  Leaves. 

I  J.  Cytisus  Luftanicus,  foBis 
minimis  argcnteis,  panve  Jiore  alho. 
Tourn.  Portugal  Bafc  Tree-trefoil, 
with  the  leaft  filvcry  Leaves,  and  a 
fmaM  white  Flower. 

16.  Cytisvs  Lufitamcus,  foils 
exiguisy  magno  flare,  fitifuis  latiskS 
tomentojh.  Tourn.  PortugalBsSeTTee* 
trefoil,  with  fmall  L«ivfs,  a  large 
Flower,  and  broad  woolly  Pods. 

17.  Cy- 


C  Y 

17.  Cytisus  foliu  argintehi 
wFbeeL  bin.  Silvery  Bafe  Trcc-tre- 
fbil  oi^xx  George  Whctler. 

iS.  Cttisus  Orientalis  latifoliui 
fubtus  incanus.  Tqum,  Cor.  Eaflern 
Bafe  Tree-trefoil,  with  broad  Leaves, 
which  are  hoary  underneath. 

19.  Cytisus  Africanm  birfutm 
anguftifoUus,  Oldenl,  Hairy  Afri^ 
can  Bafe  Tree-trefoil,  with  narrow 
J^eaves. 

ZO-  Cytisus  Americanus  frute* 
fcens  fericeus.  Plum.  Cat,  Shrubby 
iilky  American  Bafe  Tree- trefoil. 

21.  Cytisus  Jioribus  cqpitatis, 
ramis  decumbentibus^  Flor.  Lfyd^ 
Bafe  Tree-trefoil,  with  Flowers 
growing  in  Heads. 

22.  Cytisus  folio  molli  incanop 
filiqtds  orobi  contortis  ^  acuiis, 
ffurm.  Zeyl.     The  Pigeon- pea. 

23.  C-XTitVifotiisferefeJ/ilibus^ 
caiycibus  fquamula  triplici  auSiis, 
Un.  Hon.  Giff.  ?^e  Trec-trefpil, 
vhofe  Leaves  groiy  dofe  to  the 
Branches,  ^nd  the  Empalement  of 
the  Flower  hath  three  fmall  Scales, 
comiQonly  (called  Indigf  in  Norths 
Amgrica. 

24.  Cytisus  filioUs  oblongis  ofva- 
tu,  fidunculii  iongioribusy  jioribus 
{ateralibus,  Bafe  Tree-trefoil,  with 
pblong  oval  Leaves  ftanding  on  long 
Footftalks,  and  Flowers  coining  ou( 
pn  the  Side  of  the  firanchps. 

The  fix%  fecgnd,  and  third  Sort^ 
grow  to  be  large  Trees,  and  are 
therefore  proper  for  l?^rge  Quarters 
of  flowering  Trees, '  cfpeci^Uy  the 
firft,  which  will  grow  to  be  eighteen 
or  twenty  Feet  high.  Yheir  Seafon 
pf  flowering  is  in  Maaf^    at  which 

iime  they  afford  a  very  agreeable 
Vofpcfit;  efpccially  that  Sort  with 
]oog  pendulous  Flowers,  which  is 
^y  far  the  mod  beautiful  Kind. 
.  Thefe  are  all  propagated  by  fow: 
ing  their  Seeds  (which  they  afford  in 
plenty)  in  March,  on  a  Bed  of  goo^ 


c  Y 

frelh  light  Earth,  fifting  a  little 
Mauld  over  them  about  half  an  Inch 
thick,  and  in  about  a  Month*s  time 
the  Plants  will  come  up ;  you  muft 
therefore  keep  them  clear  from 
Weeds;  and  if  the  Seafon  ihould 
prove  dry,  you  muft  often  refrefti 
them  with  Water,  which  will  great- 
ly promote  their  Growth.  In  this 
Bed  they  may  remain  until  O Sober 
following,  when  you  may  tranfplant 
them  into  a  NurieVy,  in  Rows  three 
Feet  Dillance,  and  one  Foot  afun* 
der  in  the  Rows ;  being  careful  not 
to  break  the  Roots,  which  are  very 
tender,  as  alfo  to  water  and  mulch 
their  Roots,  to  prevent  the  Sun  and 
Wind  from  drying  their  Fibres. 
This  Nurfcry  muft  alfo  be  kept  very 
dear  from  Weeds,  and  every  Spring 
the  Ground  between  the  Rows  (bould 
be  dug,  to  loofen  the  Earth,  and  de- 
ilroy  the  Weeds.  In  this  Nurfery 
they  may  remain  two  or  three  Years^ 
according  to  the  Progrefs  they  make» 
or  as  the  Ground  where  they  are 
to  be  planted  is  ready ;  but  however, 
if  they  fUnd  longer  than  three  Years, 
every  other  Tree  fhould  be  remov'd, 
or  elfe  they  fhould  at  firft  be  planted 
at  a  much  greater  Diftance;  for 
otherwife  their  Roots  will  intermix^ 
and  render  it  difficult  to  remove 
them  fafely.  The  Seafon  for  tranf- 
planting  thofe  Trees  is  either  in 
O&ober  or  February ;  obfcrving  to 
fpulch  and  water  them  as  before. 

Th^fe  Trees  are  pf  quick  Growth, 
efpecially  if  they  like  the  Soil  in 
which  they  are  planted.  When  this 
has  been  the  Caft*,  I  have  known  the 
f  rfl  Sort  rife  to  upward  of  fcvcn 
Feet  in  two  Years  from  Seed,  and 
in  three  or  four  Years  will  produce 
plentv  of  Flowers:  fo  that  they 
fhould  not  remain  more  than  two 
.Years  in  the  Nurfery t  before  they 
are  tranfplanited  out  for  good,  when 
^hey  grpw(  fo  vigorovifly ;  for  thcfc 

£  c  2  Trcfji 


C  Y 

Trees  mVL  not  bear  tranfplantiflg 
well,  after  they  have  grown  to  be 
4arge. 

Thefe  are  Natives  of  the  JIfs  and 
Jpemnines ;  fo  are  extremely  hardy ; 
and  they  will  thrive  in  the  mod  ex- 
pofed  Situations,  as  I  have  frequent- 
ly obferved :   and  they  have  made 
better  Progrefs  in  fuch  Places  for  fix 
or  feven  Years,  than  any  other  Sort 
of  Tree :  but  after  thefe  Trees  begin 
to  flower  and  feed,  their  Growth  is 
ibmewhat  abated,  though  they  con- 
ftantly  make  ftrong  Shoots  at  the 
Top ;  but  their  Stems  do  not  increafe 
in  fiulk,     propordonabiy    to    the 
Strength  of  their  Branches;  which 
often  occafions  their  Stems  to  de- 
cline, and  grow  crooked,    if  they 
^e  not'fupported.    Where    thefe 
Trees  are  fuJEered  to  Hand  a  long 
time,  they  will  have  Stems  equal  to 
ihsall  Timber-trees,  and  the  Wood 
is  beautifully  veinod  with  Black  ; 
^hich  has  occafioned  the  Fnnch  to 
give  it  the  Name  of  Fal/t  Ebtny, 
There  are  fome  large  Trees  of  this 
Kind  in  Stotlaiul^  which  have  been 
fuffered  to  remain ;  and  I  have  feen 
one  or  two  in  fome  old  Etjglijh  Gar^ 
'  dens,  which  had  Stems  more  than 
Shree  Feet  in  Girt :  but  the  Reafon 
^f  our  not  finding  more  of.  tbefe 
Trees  which  are  grown  to  a  large 
Size,  is,  that  the  TaHe  in  Garden* 
ing  has  often  changed ;  io  that  the 
feveral  Alterations  which  have  been 
inade  in  the  Englt/h  Gardens,  have 
occafioned  their  qeing  cut  down,  to 
snake  room  for  fuch  Alterations  \ 
and  thefe  being  only  confidered  as 
flowering  Shrubs,  few  Perfons  were 
anxious  to  fave  them. 

The  fourth  feldom  riles  with  as 
to  be  above  five  or  fix  Feet  high, 
and  may  be  kept  to  a  regular  Head : 
this  (hottld  therefore  be  planted  in 
^haall  Quarters,  with  Shrubs  of  the 
iamc  Growth.    It  flowers  in  Jwte^ 


c  Y 

at  which  time  it  makes  an  agreeaS)!^ 
Figuiv;  for  the  Flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  long  trtOt  Spikes  at  the 
Ends  of  all  the  Branches,  (b  that  the 
whole  Shrub  is  covered  with  diem« 
This  may  be  propagated  in  ^e  fiune 
manner  as  the  former  :  bat  this  Sort 
is  at  prefent  very  uncommon  in  the 
Englijb  Gardens,  though  it  is  equally 
hardy  with  the  Jixth  Sort ;  which  is 
the  mod  common  Sort  cultivated  in 
the  Nurferies;  a^d  this  is  by  fiur  the 
more  beautifiil  Shrub ;  for  d\e  Flow- 
ers grow  in  Spikes  near  a  Foot  in 
Length,  which  fiaud  ere^t,  and  are 
of  a  longer  Duration  than  thofe  of 
the  other  Sort :  fo  that  this  deferres 
to  be  cultivated,  as  much  as  any 
flowering  Shrub  now  in  the  Gar- 
dens. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  tender,  and  ft* 
quires  a  Green-houfe  in   Winter; 
where  it  ftiould  be  placM  to  have  as 
much  free  open  Air  as  poffible  when 
the  Weather  is  good  ;  but  muft  be 
IcreenM  from  Froft,  and  oold  nip* 
ping  Winds.  In  the  Summer  it  may 
bf  «cposM  abroad;  with  Oranges, 
Myrtles,  '&r.     It    fhould    have  a 
frefli  light  Soil,  and  frequent  Water- 
ings in  that  Scafon.  This  Plant  may 
be  either  propagated  by  Seeds  (which 
fliould  be  fown  on  an  Hot-bed  in 
.  the  Spring  ;    and  when  the  Plants 
come  up,  they  may  be  planted  into 
finall  Pots,  and  managed  as  direded 
for  the  African  Tree-milkwort) ;  or 
by  Layers,    which  fiionld   be  laid 
down  in  the  Spring  \  and  if  kqX 
duly  waterM,  will  take  Root  againft 
the  focceeding  Spring;  when  they 
may  be  taken  oiF,  and  tranfplanted 
into  Pots,  which  fhould  be  fiird  widi 
the  fame  light  Soil  as  was  before  di- 
refled  ;  fetting  the  Pots  into  a  fhady 
Place  until  the  Plants  have  taksa 
frefh  Root;  after  which  time  thqr 
may  be  exposed  with  the  old  Ffaots, 
and  managed  as  directed  for  them. 

This 


C  Y 

This  Sort  prodaces  its  Flowers  in 
April  and  Mayi  at  which  time  it 
makes  a  fine  Appearance  in  the 
Green'houfe. 

The  iixth  Sort  is  very  common  in 
the  Norferies  about  London  i  where 
it  is  fold  with  other  flowering  Shrubs, 
to  intermix  in  planting  Wil4emefs- 
4oarters.     This  may  be  eafily  pro- 
pagated by  the  Seeds,  which  it  pro- 
daces  every  Year  in  great  Plenty  i 
which  ihould  be  (own  on  a  fied  of 
light  Earth  in  March^  and  a  little 
Earth  iifted  over  the  Seeds,  To  as  to 
cover  them  about  half  an  Inch.    In 
the  Beginning  of  May  the  Plants 
will  begin  to  appear,    when  they 
fhould  be  carefully   cleared    from 
Weeds  i  and  in  very  dry  Weather 
they  muft  be  refreihed  with  Water. 
In  this  Bed  the  Plants  may  remain 
till  the  following   Spring,    always 
obferving  to  keep  them  clear  from 
W.ccdsj  which,  if  fufFered  to  over- 
bear the  Plants  while  young,  will 
either  totally  deftroy  them,  or  very 
much  retard    their  Growth.     The 
Spring  following  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted  out  into  Beds  of  freih  Earth 
the  Beginning  of  March y    placing 
them  about  a  Footafander;  being 
careful  that  the  Plants  are  not  kept 
above  ground,  but  planted  as  foon 
as  they  are  taken  up ;  otherwife  the 
Pibres  of  the  Rqots  will  foon  dry  ; 
which  is  very  prejudicial  to  young 
Plants.    In  thefe  Beds  they  may  re- 
main two  Years ;  after  which  time 
they  (hould  either  be  planted  out 
where  they  are  to  remain,  or  elfe 
tranfplanted  into  a  Nurfery;  placing 
them  in  Rows  three  Feet  afundcj?, 
and  eighteen  Inches  Difhnce  in  the 
Rows;    where  they  may  continue 
until  the  Ground  is  ready  where  they 
arc  defign'd  to  remain.     This  Plant 
i»  very  hardy,    and  will  form  an 
handfome  Shrab  about  ii'tt  or  fix 
Feet  high ;  and  is  y^ty  proper  to 


c  Y 

place  amongft  flowering  Shrubt  oS 
the  fame  Growth.  It  flowers  plen- 
tifully in  Junt^  and  the  Seeds  are 
ripe  in  Auguft\  which  ihould  be 
gathered  as  they  ripen,  or  they  will 
ioon  fcatter. 

The  eighth,  feventeenth,  and 
nineteenth  Sorts  are  fomewhat  ten- 
derer than  the  former,  and  will  noe 
abide  the  open  Air  in  England  in 
fevcre  Winters.  Thefe  may  be  all 
propagated  by  fowing  of  their  Seeds 
on  a  moderate  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring.; 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come 
up,  they  fhould  be  each  tranfplanted 
into  a  feparate  Halfpeny  Pot  filled 
with  freih  Earth,  and  plunged  in 
a  moderate  Hot  -  bed ;  obferving 
to  water  and  fhade  them  until  they 
take  Root;  after  which  they  muft 
be  inured  to  the  open  Air  by  de^ 
grees ;  and  in  June  the  Pots  fliould  ' 
be  removed,  and  placed  abroad  in  a 
Situation  where  they  may  be  defend* 
ed  from  flrong  Winds,  where  they 
may  remain  until  the  Middle  of 
OSobtr ;  when  they  fhould  be .  re- 
moved either  into  an  airy  Green- 
houfe,  or  placed  under  a  common 
Hot- bed- frame ;  where  they  fhould 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  poffible  in 
Winter ;  for  they  only  require  to 
be  defended  from  hard  Frofts  ;  and 
if  they  have  not  much  Air,  they  wiQ 
draw  very  weak,  and  become  tender 
and  unfightly.  Thefe  Plants  fliould 
be  removed  into  larger  Pots  the 
Spring  following ;  and  fo  from  Year 
to  Year,  as  they  increafe  in  Size» 
they  fhould  have  larger  Pots:  in 
Summer  they  mufl  be  kept  as  long 
abroad  as  the  Seafon  will  permit, 
and  in  Winter  fhould  have  as  much 
Air  as  poflible  in  mild  Weather: 
with  which  Management  they  will 
thrive,  and  produce  great  Plenty  of 
Flowers.  When  thefe  Plants  are 
become  woody,  they  may  be  fhaken 
out  of  the  Pots,  and  planted  in  the 
£  e  3  open 


c  Y  c  r 

open  Air  in  a  warm  Sitoation ;  where    will  live  in  the  open  Air,  if  diey  zrt 
they  will  endure  the  Cold  of  our    are  planted  in  a  fheltered  Situation, 
ordinary   Winters   very  well,    and        The  African  Sort  is  yet  tenderer 
%owcr  and  produce  ripe  Seeds  every    than  either  of  the  former  ;   fo  wilt 
Year,  m^ich  better  than  thofe  which    not  bear  the  open  Air  of  oar  Coun- 
are  confined  in  Pots :  but  it  will  be    try  in  Winter ;    but  muft  be  con- 
proper  to  keep  one  Plant  of  each    ftantly  preferved  in  Pots,  and  remo- 
Kind  in  Pots,  becaufe  a  very  fevere    ved  into  the  Green-houfe  io  Winter, 
Winter  may   dcAroy    thofe  which    where  the  Plants  Ihould  be  placed Yo 
ibnd  abroad !  To  their  Kinds  may  be    as  to  enjoy  as  much  free  Air  as  pof- 
loft,  unlefs  there  is  one  of  each  Kind    fible  in  mild  Weather  ;  otherwiie 
preferved  by  fheltering  of  them  in    they  will  fhoot  very  weak,  and  be- 
Winter.  come  unfightly  ;  nor  will  they  pro- 

Thefeventh,  ninth,  tenth,  twelfth^  duce  their  Flowers  in  near  fo  great 
thirteenthi  fourteenth,  fifteenth,  and  Plenty,  as  when  they  are  expofed  td 
iixteenth  Sorts  are  hardy  enough  to  Air  as  much  as  poifible  in  mild  Wca- 
live  abroad   in  the  open  Air,  unlefs    ther. 

in  very  hard  Winters;    and  thofe        This  Sort  is  propagated  by  Seeds^ 

Plants  which  are  planted  in-  the  full    which  fhould  be  foWn  early  in  the 

Ground,  will  thrive  and  flower  much    Spring,  in  Pots  filled  with  frefh  light 

better  than  thofe  which  are  kept  in    Earth ;  which  fhould  be  plunged  in* 

Pots ;  and  thefe  will  produce  plenty    to  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  ob- 

of  Seeds  :  fo  that  if  a  fevere  Winter    ferving  to  water  them  gently,  as  the 

ihould  deflroy  fome  of  them,   yet    Earth    may    require.     When    the 

the  Seeds  will  foon  fupply  plenty  ^of    Plants  are  come  up  two  Inches  high. 

Plants  again :  •  though  when  they    they  fhould  be  carefully  tranfpbuit- 

have  flood  long  in  the  open  Air,    ed,  each  into  a  feparate  fmall   Pot, 

there  will  not  be  fo  much  Danger  of    which  Ihould  be  plunged  into  a  mo- 

their  being  killed ;  efpecially  when    derate  Hot  bed ;  obferving  to  fcreen 

they    are  intermixed    with    other    them  from  the  Sun  until  they  bare 

Shrubs,  which  will  help  to  proted    taken  new  Roots ;  after  which  time 

them  from  Frofl :  therefore  if  their    the  GlafTes  of  the  Hotbed  fhould  be 

Heads  fliould  happen  to  be  injured    raifed  every  Day,   to  admit  frelh 

by  the  Cold,  their  Stems  will  fhoot    Air  to  the  Plants ;  and  they  mnfl  be 

out   again  the  following   Summer,     duly  watered  three  or  four  times  a 

The  fcventh  Sort  is  now  cultivated    Week  in  warm   Weather.     By  the 

in  plenty  in  the  Nurferies  near  Lon-    beginning  xi^June^  thefe  Plants  will 

d<m\  but  the  others  are  at  prefent    have  acquired  fome  Strength ;  then 

Jefs  common  ;though,in  a  few  Years,    they  fhould  be  inured  to  bear  the 

it  may  be  expefled  to  fee  moft  of    open  Air  by  degrees ;  and  toward 

thefe  Sorts  in  plenty  in  the  Englijh    the  End  oijunty  if  the  Seafon  proves 

Gardens.     Thefe  may  all  be  propa-    warm,  the  Plants  fhould  be  removed 

gated  by  Seeds,  in  the  fame  manner    out  of  the  Hot-bed,  and  placed  in 

as  is  di reded  for  the  fixth  Sort ;  and    a  warm  Situation,  where  they  may 

the  Plants  may  be  treated  in   the    remain  until  OBoberi   when  they 

fame  way.  muft  be  removed  into  Shelter,  place- 

The  eighteenth  Sort  is  fomewhat     ing  them  near  the  Windows  of  the 

tender  while  young ;   but   after  the     Green  houfe,  that  they  may  enjoy 

Fliints  have  gotten  Sticngih,  they    a  large  Share  of  Air.     During  txje 

Winter* 


C  Y 

Winter  fcafon,  thcfe  Plants  mnft  be 
frequently  watered ;  bat  they  muft 
not  have  too  mach  given  them  at  a 
time,  left  it  rOt  the  Fibres  of  their 
Roots.  In  Sanuner  they  muft  be 
expofed  again,  with  other  Exotic 
Plants,  in  a  flieltered  Sitaation, where 
they  may  be  defended  from  ftrong 
Winds  i  and  as  the  Plants  increafe  in 
Size,  they  muft  be  put  into  larger 
Pots ;  but  they  muft'  not  be  allowed 
Pots  too  large ;  for  in  thefe  they  will 
not  tlirive. 

The  twentieth  Sort  is  yet  more 
tender  than  the  laft-mentioned  :  this, 
being  a  Native  of  the  warm  Parts  of 
America^  will  not  live  in  this  Cli- 
mate, unlefs  it  is  preferved  in  the 
warmeft  Stoves.  This  is  propagated 
by  Seeds  which  fhould  be  Town  early 
in  the  Spring,  in  Pots  filled  with 
rich  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  and 
treated  as  hath  been  directed  for 
other  tender  Pbnts.  In  Summer 
thefe  Plants  may  be  expofed  abroad, 
in  a  (hekered  Situation  ;  but  in  Win- 
ter they  muft  be  removed  into  the 
Stove,  and  treated  as  other  tender 
Exotics. 

The  twenty-fecond  Sort  is  pre- 
icrved  as  a  Curioiity  in  Europe  \  but 
in  the  Wtft-Indies  it  is  frequently 
planted  by  the  Sides  of  Alleys  in 
Gardens,  to  form  an  Hedge,  where 
they  will  laft  many  Years  without 
decaying ;  and  will  thrive  on  bar- 
ren Land,  which  has  been  worn  out, 
where  fcarcely  any  other  Plant  will 
profper.  It  produces  great  Quanti- 
ties of  Fruit,  which  are  fometimes 
eaten  by  the  Inhabitants ;  but  their 
chief  Ufe  is  to  feed  Pigeons ;  from 
whence  this  Plant  had  its  Name. 
The  Branches,  with  the  ripe  Peas 
and  Leaves,  are  given  to  Hogs, 
Horfes,  ^nd  moft  other  Cattle, which 
/atten  ihcm  very  much. 

In  England  it  is  preferved  by  fome 


D  A 

Curious  Perfons  in  the  Stove  :  being 
too  tender  to  live  through  the  Win- 
ter in  this  Climate  without  arti- 
ficial Warmth.  This  Plant  may  be 
propagated  by  Seeds,  which -fliould 
be  fown  in  the  fame^manner  as  the 
laft-mentioned  Sort ;  and  the  Plants 
of  this  Kind  muft  be  placed  in  a 
Bark-ftove,  otherwife  they  will  not 
flower  in  England, 

The  twenty-firft  is  a  low  Plant, 
which  fcldom  rifes  above  a  Foot, 
high,  but  will  live  in  the  open  Air. 
This  is  alfp  propagated  by  Seeds^ 
which  ftiould  be  fown  upon  a  Bor- 
der of  common  Earth,  where  the 
Plants  are  deligned  to  remain  ;  and 
the  fecond  Year  they  will  produce 
Flowers  and  Seeds. 

The  twenty  third  Sort  is  a  Native 
oi  America^  where  the  Inhabitants 
have  made  Indigo  from  the  Plant : 
this  hath  an  annual  Stalk,  and  a 
perennial  Root:  the  Stalks  rife  about 
two  Feet  high,  and  produce  their 
Flowers  at  the  Extremity  of  tho 
Branches  :  it  is  pretty  difficult  to 
keep  this  Plant  in  the  Englijh  Gar- 
dens ;  for  the  young  Plants  require 
a  little  Protection  from  Froft  the  firit 
Year ;  but  they  will  not  live  in  Pots, 
therefore  ftiould  be  kept  in  the  full 
Ground,  and  covered  in  fevereFroft. 
The  twenty -fourth  Sort  is  a  low 
Shrub,  feldom  rifing  above  three 
Feet  high  :  this  produces  its  Flowers 
early  in  the  Spring,  which  renders  it 
valuable.  This  is  very  hardy,  and 
unay  be  propagated  by  Seeds,  in  the 
fame  manner  as  the  ftxth  Sort. 

D  A 

DAFFODIL.     T/V*' Narciffus. 
DAISIES.    T/V/^Bellis. 
DALEA. 

The  Name  of  this  Genus  i?  given 
to  it  in  Honour  of  Mr.  Dale^  an 


£e  4 


Apothecary 


DA 

Apotbecaiy  of  Braintree  in  EJftX^ 
who  pabliflicd  a  Book  of  Medicinal 
Plants,  intituled,  Pbarmai§lcgia. 
The  Chara3irs  arc ; 
//  bath  a  futmel  jhafcd  Fhiver  of 
cne  Leaf  mibo/e  Tube  is  ftretcbfd  out 
a,  great  LtJtgtb  bejonJ  tbe  Empah' 
mextf  and  is  a  Utile  curved:  tbe  Up* 
fer-tirt  is  fpread  open,  and  Jligbtlj 
€Ut  into  fifoe  Segments  ;  but  the  upper 
and  IcFWir  Fart  of  tbe  Brim  join  fo 
as  to  Jhut  up  tbe  Mmitb  of  tbe  Tube, 
etnd  fortn  a  Refemhlanee  of  a  perfo- 
nated  Flower :  in  tbe  Centre  isfitua- 
ted  tbe  Point  a! y  attended  by  four  Sta- 
mina, tiuo  ofnx:bicb  arejhorttr  tban 
tbe  ctber  :  tbe  Pointal  aftemvard  be- 
tomes  an  oval  Secd-'v/JJel,  baling  one 
Cells  and  filed  tvuttb  fmall  Seeds, 

We  know  but  one  Species  of  this 
Genas; 

Dale  A  annua  ereQaramofa^foUis 
fubrotundis,  flore  variabili.   Upright 
branching  annual  Da]ea,with  round- 
Ifh  Leaves,  and  variable  Flowers. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Plant  were  fent 
to  me  from  Panama  by  the  late  Mr. 
Robert  Miliar,  Surgeon  ;  and  fince 
the  Seeds  have  been  communicated 
to  moft  Parts  of  Europe.  This  Name 
has  been  altered  by  Dr.  Ltnnarus,  to 
ivhom  1  communicated  the  Seed:*  by 
this  Name  ;  but  he  has  given  it  the 
Title  of  Bronvallia,  and  given  the 
Kame  of  Dalea  to  one  Species  of 
Barbajovis. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  mull  be  iown  upon  an  Hot- 
bed in  the  Spring ;  and  the  Plants 
mud  be  treatid  in  the  fame  manner 
IS  is  dire^kd  for  the  Amaranthus ; 
and  they  may  be  tranfplantcd  into  a 
warm  Border  in  the  Latter  end  of 
June,  where  they  will  flower,  and 
produce  ripe  Seeds  in  plenty :  the 
Flowers  of  this  Plant  are  conimonly 
blue,  but  th»y  vary  to  pur)>!e  and 
red ;  and  all  chcTu  V  arieties  are  often 
icen  upon  the  fame  Plant :   thcfc 


D  A 

Flowers  coocinne  as  long  as  tlie 
Weather  is  fivoorablc ;  but  the  firft. 
Froft  deftroys  tbe  Plants. 
DALECHAMPIA. 
This  Pbnt  was  fo  named  by  Fa- 
ther Phmier,  in  Hononf  to  dkc  Me- 
mory of  Jacobus  DeJichamf^  who 
was  a  corioiB  Botanift. 
The  CbaraSers  are ; 
//  batb  Male  and  Female  Flencers 
em  tbe  fasm  Plant,  tubicb  are  com- 
t aimed  in  a  manj'leam*d  prickly  Cap  : 
tbe'  Female  FltFwers,  loitb  tbe  Em^ 
bryoes,  bave  tivo  trifd Leaves:  tbe 
Male  Flaojuers  confft  of  a  great  Nmrn- 
berofSVLjninz^'wbicb  are  leaded voitb 
Farina:    tbe  Embryo  aftervaard  be- 
comes  a  Frmit,  tvbicb  is  divided  into 
tbree  Parts,  eacb  comtaissing  eme  roumd' 
ijb  Seed. 

We  have  bnt  one  Species  of  this 
Plant ;  which  b, 

DALECHAkfPiA  fcandems,  btpmli 
foliis,  fruQu  tricocco  glabro,  calyct 
bifpido.  Houft,  Climbing  Dalecham- 
pia,  with  Leaves  like  Hops,  and  a 
fmooth  three-fecdcd  Fruit,  and  a 
prickly  Cup. 

This  Plant  is  a  NatiTC  of  the 
warm  Parts  of  America :  it  was  dif* 
covered  by  Father  Plumier  in  Mar* 
tim'co ;  but  either  he  was  miftakea 
in  his  Defer iption  of  the  Fruit,  or 
his  Kind  is  di^rent  from  that  which 
the  late  Dr.  Hovftoun  obferved  in  fe- 
I'eral  Places  in  the  Spanifi  Wefi- 
Indie: ;  for  Father  Plumier  defcribes 
the  Fruit  to  be  prickly,  in  the  Sort 
which  he  (aw ;  whereas  that  of  Dr. 
Houfoun  has  fmooth  Fruit,  inclofed 
in  a  prickly  Cup. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Seeds, 
which  muft  be  fown  early  in  the 
Spring  on  an  Hot-bed ;  and  when 
the  Plants  are  come  up  three  Inches 
high,  they  fhonld  be  carefully  tranf- 
planted,  each  into  a  feparate  fmall 
Pot  filled  with  rich  light  Earth,  and 
then  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed  of 

Tuum 


D  A 

Tanners  Bark;  being  caiefal  ta 
(creen  them  from  the  Sun,  until  they 
have  taken  new  Root ;  after  which 
the  GlafTes  of  theHotbed  ihoald  be 
raifed  every  Day  in  proportion  to  the 
Heat  of  the  Weather,  to  admit  freih 
Air  to  the  Plants  :  they  muft  alfo  be 
frequently  watered,  for  they  natu- 
rally grow  in  moift  Places.  When 
the  Plants  have  grown  fo  large  as 
to  fill  thefe  Pots  with  their  Roots, 
they  {liould  be  removed  into  larger 
Pots,  and  placed  in  the  Bark-bed 
in  the  Stove ;  where  they  muft  be 
fupported  either  with  Stakes,  or  a 
Treliace,  round  which  they  will 
twine,  and  rife  to  the  Height  of 
eight  or  ten  Feet. 

Thefe  Plants  maft  be  kept  con- 
dantly  in  the  Stove ;  for  they  are 
too  tender  to  bear  the  open  Air  in 
this  Country,  even  in  the  Summer- 
feafon  :    therefore  they   fhould  be 
placed  with  Convolvulus's,and  other 
twining  Plants,  near  the  Back  of  the 
Stove,   where  fhould  be  made  an 
Efpalier  to  fupport  them ;  in  which 
Situation  they  will  thrive,  and  pro- 
duce their  Flowers,  and  fometimes 
will  perfefl  their  Seeds  in  this  Coun- 
try:  but,   in  order  to  this,   they 
fhould  have  a  large  Share  of  frefh 
Air  in  warm  W.eather,  by  drawing 
down  the  upper  GlafFes  of  the  Stove ; 
but  in  Winter  the  Stove  fhould  be 
kept  to  a  temperate  Heat,  or  rather 
higher.     In  Summer  they  will -^ re- 
quire a  large  Share  of  Water ;  but 
inWinter  it  fhould  be  given  to  them 
in  lefs  Quantities,  but  mufl  be  fre- 
quently repeated.     Thefe  Plants  do 
not  continue  above  two  or  three 
Years;  fo  that  young  Plants  fhould 
he  raifed  in  order  to  preferve  the 
Kind. 

DAMASONIUM,   Star- headed 
Water>plantain. 

The  CharaSirs  are ; 
fi  hutb  a  TloFwgr  cmfo/ed  9/  tbret 


and  expand  in  form  af  a  Rofi :  out 
of  the  Flonver-cup  ri/ej  the  Pmntali 
ijjhich  aftermmrd  ktc§mes  a  Jhar" 
Jhafed  Fruity  ivitb  many  Ceils^  nubich 
are  full  of  oblong  Seeds. 
The  Spedes  are ; 

1.  DAUASOfUVMjieJIatum.  Lugi, 
StaKheaded  Water-plantain. 

2 .  Dam  A  SON  i  v  u  Amtricanum  ma^ 
ximnm,  plant aginis  folh^  fiere  fia^ 
<vefcente^fruSlu  globojo.  Plum.  Great* 
efl  American  Water-plantain,  with  s 
Plantain-leaf,  a  y«]iowifh  Flower, 
and  a  globular  Fruit. 

^  The  iirft  of  thefe  Plants  is  a  Na- 
tive of  £ff^/0ir^.*  it  grows  commonly 
in  flanding  Waters,  which  are  not 
very  deep.  It  is  fometimes  ufed  in 
Medicine,  but  never  cultivated  ia 
Gardens ;  fo  mud  be  gathered  for 
Ufe  in  the  Places  of  its  Growrh. 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  in  famat* 
ea^  Barbados^  and  feveral  other 
Places  in  the  warm  Parts  of  America^ 
where  it  is  generally  found  in  Hag- 
nating  Waters,  and  other  fwampy , 
Places  :  fo  that  it  would  be  difficult 
to  preferve  this  Plant  in  England  g 
for  it  will  not  live  in  the  open  Air, 
and  requires  a  Bog  to  make  it  thrive: 
but  as  it  is  a  Plant  of  no  great 
Qeauty  or  Ufe,  it  is  not  worth  th« 
Trouble  of  cultivating  in  this  Coun* 
try. 

DANDEUON.  Fide  Dens  Leo- 
nis. 

DATE-TREE.     ^/Vir  Palma. 

DAUCUS,  The  Carrot, 
The  Cbara^ers  are ; 

//  botb,  for  tbe  mrfl  party  a  flejf:y 
Jioot :  tbe  Leaves  are  di^vided  info 
narrow  Segments  :  tbe  Petals  of  tbg 
Flo'wer  are  unequal^  and  Jbaped  like 
an  Heart  :  tbe  Umbel,  <wbea  ripe^  is 
bollvw'd  and  contraSed^  appearing 
Jome^wbat  like  a  Bird*s  Ntfi  "  the 
Seeds  are  bairy^  and  ia  Sbape  of 
Lice, 

The 


DA  DA 

The  Speda  are ;  Sioald    not  be  fown  iounediateljr 

1 .  Daucus  tuulgani.  CIu/.  Com-  clofe  thereto  ;  bat  a  Border  of  Let- 

teoQ  wild  Carrot.  tuce,  or  other  young  Sallad- herbs, 

a.    Daucus  '  fylvefiris  humilior^  of  about  a  Foot  wide,  (hould  be  next 

iatiore  fsiio.     Dwarf  wild  Carroty  the  Wall,  ^c.  for  if  the  Carrbu 

with  broader  Leaves.  were  Town  dofe  to  the  Wall,  they 

3.  Daucus  fativus^  radict  utre^  would  run  up  to  Seed  without  make- 
tubentr,   7oum,    Dark  red  -  rooted  ing  any  tolerable  Roots. 

Garden  Carrot.  Thefe  delight  in  a  warm  fandy 

4.  Daucus  fatwus^   radlte  «»-    Soil,  which  is  light,  and  (hould  be 
-  rantii  coloris,  Tourn,     The  orange-    dug  pretty  deep,  that  the  Roots  may 

coloured  Carrot.  tbe  better  run  down ;  fbr  if  they 

5.  Daucus  fati^ns^  radiaalba,    meet*with  any  Obftrudion,  they  are 
T^um,     The  white  Carrot.  Tery  apt  to  grow  forked,  and  (hoot 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  grows  out  lateral  Roots,  efpedally  where 

wild  upon  arable  Land  in  mod  Parts  the  Ground  is  too  much  dunged  tLe 

of  Englandy  and  is  feldom  cultivated,  fame  Year  that  the  Seeds  are  fowo» 

except  in  Botanic  Gardens.    This  is  which  will  alfo  occafion  their  being 

the  particular  Sort  which  ihould  be  worm-eaten  :  it  is  therefore  the  bet- 

tts^d  in  Medicine,  and  for  which  the  ter  Method  to  dung  the  Ground  in- 

Druggifts  commonly  fell  the  Seeds  tended  for  Carrots  the  Year  before 

of  the  Garden  Carrot.  they  are  fown,  that  it  may  be  con- 

The  fecond  Sort  was  found  by  fumed,  and  mixed  with  the  Earfh. 

Mr.  Rand  near  Dover,  and  is  fpeci-  Thefe  Seeds  have  a  great  Quan- 

£cally  different  from  the  common  tity  of  fmall  forked  Hairs  upon  their 

Sort,  as  hath  been  provM  by  fowing  Borders,  by  which  they  dofely  ad- 

them  together  in  a  Garden  for  feve-  here,  fo  that  they  are  difficult  to  fow 

ral  Years.  even,    fo  as  not  to    come  up  io 

The  fourth  Sort  is  commonly  cul-  Patches ;  you  fhould  therefore  rub 
tivated  in  Gardens  for  the  Kitchen ;  it  well  through  both  Hands,  where- 
as is  the  fifth  Sort,  though  not  fo  by  the  Seed  will  be  feparated  before 
comii^on  in  England  m  the  former  :  it  is  fown  :  then  you  (hould  choofe 
nor  would  they  be  worth  the  Gar-  a  calm  Day  to  fow  it ;  for  if  tbe 
deners  while  to  propagate  them ;  for  Wind  blows,  it  will  be  impoflible 
their  pale  Colour  would  render  them  to  fow  it  equal ;  for  the  Seeds,  br- 
iefs acceptable  in  the  Markets,w  here  ing  very  light,  will  be  blown  into 
the  deepeil-colourM  Carrots  are  al-  Heaps.  When  the  Seed  is  fown,  you 
way£  mod  edeemM,  though,  for  the  fiiould  tread  the  Ground  preny  dofe 
Table,  the  white  are  generally  pre-  with  your  Feet,  that  it  may  be  ba- 
ferr'd  as  the  fweeteft.  ried,   and  then  rake  the  Ground 

They  are  propagated  at  two  or  level, 

three  different  Seafons,  or  fometimes  When  the  Plants  are  come  op, 

oftencr,  where  People  are  fond  of  you  fhould  hoe  the  Ground  with  a 

young  Carrots  through  all  the  Sum-  fmall  Hoe  about  three  Inches  wide, 

mer-months.     The  firft  Seafon  for  cutting  down  all  young  Weeds,  and 

fowing  the  Seeds  is  foon  after  G^nft-  feparating  the  Plants  to  four  Inches 

mas,  if  the  Weather  is  open,  which  DiAance  each  Way,  that  they  may 

(hould  be   in  warm  Borders,    near  get  Strength;   and  in  about  three 

Willis,  Pales,  or  Hedges :  but  they  Weeks  after,  when  (he  Weeds  "be- 

gia 


t)  A 

gin  \o  grow  again,  you  fhould  hoe 
the  Ground  over  a  fecond  time,  in 
which  you  ihould  be  careful  not  to 
leave  two  Carrots  clofe  to  each  other, 
as  alfo  to  feparate  them'  to  a  greater 
Diftance,  cutting  down  all  Weeds, 
and  (lightly  ftirring  the  Surface  of 
the  Ground  in  every  Place,  the  bet-  ^ 
ter  to  prevent  young  Weeds  frdm 
fjpringing,  as  alfo  to  facilitate  the 
Growth  of  the  young  Carrots. 

In  about  three  Weeks  or  a  Month 
after,  you  mud  hoe  .them  a  third 
time,  when  you  muft  clear  the  Weeds 
as  before ;  and  now  you  (hould  cut 
out  the  Carrots  to  the  Diftance  they 
are  to  remain,  which  muft  be  prO\ 
portioned  to  the  Size  you  intend  to 
have  them  grow  :  if  they  are  to  be 
drawn  while  young,  four  or  five 
Inches  afunder  will  be  fufiicient; 
but  if  they  are  to  grow  large  before 
tbey  are  pulled  up,  they  (hould  be 
left  feven  or  eight  Inches  diftant 
every  Way :  you  muft  alfo  keep  them 
clear  from  Weeds,  which,  if  fufFer'd 
to  grow  amongft  the  Carrots>  will 
gready  prejudice  them. 

The  fecond  Seafon  for  fowing 
thefe  Seeds  is  in  February^  on  warm 
Banks  fituated  near  the  Shelter  of  k 
Wall,  Pale,  or  Hedge  s  but  thefe 
which  are  intended  for  the  open 
large  Quarters,  fhould  not  be  fown 
before  the  Beginning  of  March,  nor 
ihould  yon  fow  any  later  than  the 
End  of  the  fame  Month ;  for  thofe 
which  are  fown  in  Jpnl  or  May  will 
run  op  to  Seed  before  their  Roots 
have  any  Bulk,  efpecially  if  the  Wea- 
ther fhould  prove  hot  and  dry. 

InyMiy  you  may  fow  again,  for  an 
autumnal  Crop ;  and  in  the  End  of 
Auguft  yon  may  fow  fome  to  iland 
the  Winter ;  by  which  Method  yon 
will  have  early  Carrots  in  Afril,  be- 
fore the  Sphng-fowing  will  be  fit  to 
draw  ;  but  thefe  are  feldom'  fo  well 
tailed,  and  are  often  very  tough  and 

6 


D  A 

ftieky.    Many  People  mijt  feveral, 
other  Sorts  of  Seeds,  as  Leek,Onion» 
Parfnep,  Radifh,  ^r.  amongft  their 
Carrots ;  and  others  plant  Beans,  Csfr. 
but,  in  my  Opinion,  neither  of  thefe 
Methods  are  good ;  for,  if  there  is  a 
full  Crop  of  any  one  of  thefe  Plants^ 
there  can  be  no  room  for  any  thing 
elfe  amongft  them ;  fo  that  what  is 
got  by  the  One  is  loft  by  smother ; 
and  befides,  it  is  not  only  more  fight->' 
ly,  but  better,  for  the  Plants  of  each 
Kind  to  be  fown  feparate ;  and  alio 
by  this  means  your  Ground  will  be 
clear,  when  the  Crop  is  gone,  to  foW 
or  plant  any  thing  elfe ;  but  wheo 
three  or  four  Kinds  are  mixed  toge- 
ther, the  Ground  is  feldom  at  Li- 
berty before  the  fucceeding  Spring : 
befides,  where  Beans,  or  any  other 
tall -growing  Plants,    are  planted 
amongft  the  Carrots,   it  is  apt  to 
make  them  grow  more  in  Top  than 
Root ;  fo  that  they  will  not  be  half 
fo  large  as  if  fown  fingly  without 
any  otiier  Plants  amongft  them. 

But  in  order  to  prefcrve  your  Car- 
rots for  Ufe  all  the  Winter  and 
Spring,  you  fhould,  about  the  Be- 
ginning of  A/i^i/fm^^r,  when  thegreeii 
Leaves  are  decayed,  dig  them  up, 
and  lay  them  in  Sand  io  a  dry  Place,, 
where  the  Froft  cannot  come  to 
them,  taking  them  out  from  time 
to  time  as  you  have  OccaGon  for 
them,  referving  fome  of  the  longefl 
and  ftraiteft  Roots  for  Seed,  if  yon 
intend  to  fave  any;  which  Roots 
fhould  be  planted  in  the  Middle  of 
Fihruary,  in  a  light  Soil,  about  a 
Foot  afunder  each  Way,  obferving 
to  keep  the  Ground  clear  from 
Weeds;  and  about  the  Middle  of 
Auguft,  when  you  find  the  Seeds  are 
ripe,  you  muft  cut  it  oiF,  and  carry 
it  to  a  dry  Place,  where  it  fliould  be 
expofed  to  the  Sun  and  Air  for  feve- 
ral  Days  to  dry ;  then  you  may  beat 
out  tlie  Seeds^  and  put  it  up  in  Bags, 

keeping 


D  E 

it  in  a  dry  Place  until  yoa 
ufe  it.  This  Seed  is  feldom  efteeined 
very  good  after  the  firft  or  fecond 
Year  at  moft ;  but  new  Seed  is  al- 
ways preferred,  nor  will  it  growr 
when  it  is  more  than  two  Years 
old. 

DAUCUS  CRETICUS.  Vide 
Myrrhis. 

DAY-LILY.  FideHemttO' 
callis. 

DELPHINIUM,  Larkfpur. 
The  OfaroBiTs  are; 

//  hatb  an  anomalous  Fio^wer^  con- 
ffiing  of  many  dijpmilar  Petals^  or 
Fhwer-ltaves ;  the  uppermofi  of  which 
is  contraQed^  and  ends  in  a  Tail  or 
Spur^  and  receives  another  hijid  Pe- 
tal^ ivbieh^  in  like  manner^  ends  in 
a  Tail:  in  the  Middle  arifes  the 
Pointalf  which  hecomes  a  Fruit,  con- 
fifting  of  many  Pods  or  Sheaths  col' 
leSed  into  an  Head,  luhich  open  like^ 
^Mife,  and  arefiird*u>ith  Seeds^^which 
esre  for  the  meft  part  angular* 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Delphinium  perenne  monta- 
nnm  i>ilUfum,  aconiti  folio,  Toum* 
Perennial  Mountain  hairy  LarltTpur^ 
with  a  Monk's-hood-leaf. 

2.  De LPH I N I UM  lati/olinm, panvo 
Jhre.  Tourn.  Broad-leav*d  Larkfpur* 

with  a  fmall  Flower. 

3.  Delphinium  plafani  folio^ 
Staphjfagria  di^um.  Tonrn.  Lark* 
ipar  with  a  Plane-tree- leaf,  com* 
jnonly  called  Stavefacre*  or  ^ufe* 

WOit. 

4.  Delphinium  fegetnm,  Jkre 
tcetuleo.  Tourn.  Corn  Larkfpor,  with 
a  blue  Flower. 

5.  Delphinium  'uulgare,  Jlore 
multiplici,  Tourn,  Common  Lark- 
fpur, with  a  double  Flower. 

6.  Delphinium  hortcnfe,  Jlore 
mafore  III  multiplici  caeruleo,  Tourn, 
Garden  Larkfpur,  with  a  large  dou« 
ble  blue  Flower. 


D  E 

71  Delphinium  hartestfe,  Jkrt> 
majore  £*f  multiplici  incamato.  Ton. 
Garden  Larkfpur,  with  a  large  doa- 
ble fleih-colour^d  Flower. 

8.  Delphinium  horten/e,  /ore 
majore  {sf  multiplici  <uiolace9.  Tmam, 
Garden  Larkfpur,  with  a  large  doa- 
ble violet'Colottr*d  Flower. 

9.  Delphinium  bortemfe,  Jhre 
majore  ^  multiplici  ruhro.  Toum. 
Garden  Larkfpar»  With  a  large  doa- 
ble red  Flower. 

10.  Delphinium  borten/e^  JUr§ 
majore  ^  multiplici  purpurea  ex  albo 
'uariegata.  Tourn,  Garden  Larkfpor, 
with  a  large  double  Flower  of  a  pur- 
ple Colour,  variegated  with  White. 

11.  Delphinium  hortenfe,  fiore 
rofeo  punilato.  Tourn.  Garden  Lark- 
fpur, with  a  fpoued  rofe-colouied 
Flower. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  differ  either  in 
the  Colour  or  Size  of  their  Flowers: 
but  as  moft  of  them  are  accidental, 
and  arife  from  Seeds  of  the  fame 
Plant,  I  ihall  pafs  them  over»  with- 
out  enumerating  all  their  minute 
Differences. 

The  £rft  Species  here  mentioiied 
is  a  Native  of  the  Jlps,  and  is  re- 
markably difierent  from  the  othtr 
Kinds  of  Larkfjpur,  in  being  an 
abiding  Plant :  this  is  propagated  by 
fowing  the  Seeds  in  an  open  light 
Soil  in.  March  ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  they  may  be  tranf- 
planted  into  ihady  Bordm  at  a  Foot 
Diilance  from  each  other, where  they 
may  (land  until  the  fecond  Year ;  by 
which  time  they  will  have  Strength 
to  produce  Flowers,  and  may  then 
be  tranfplanted  into  Borders  in  die 
Pleafure-garden,  amongfl  other  flow- 
ering Plants,  where  they  will  make 
an  handfome  Appearance  when  in 
Flower. 

The 


D  E 

Tfcte  fecond  Sort  is  not  near  (o 
beaudfiil  as  the  iirft ;  but  is  preferv* 
cd  in  carioQs  Gardens  of  Plants,  for 
its  Variety.  The  Flowers  of  this 
Rind  are  very  fmall ;  and  it  is  com- 
monly fo  late  in  the  Seafon  before 
they  are  produced,  that  they  feldom 
peifeA  their  Seeds  with  us,  unlefs 
the  Plants  come  up  in  Autnntn,  and 
abide  the  Whiter.  The  Seeds  of  diis 
Rant  I  received  from  my  honoured 
Friend  Mr.  Hemy  Hofiry^  who  ga- 
thered it  on  Gih-ahar  Hills,  where 
k  grows  wild. 

The  third  Sort  is  Xht  Stavefacrf; 
Ae  Seeds  of  which  are  ufed  in  Me- 
dicine :  this  is  a  large  handfome 
Plant,  and  produces  fan-  large  Flow- 
ers :  the  Seeds  of  this  fliould  be  fown 
in  a  light  &ndy  Soil,  and  a  warm 
Situation,  fson  after  itis  ripe  $  for 
if  it  be  kept  until  Spring,  it  very 
oiten  mifcarries,  or  at  le^ft  will  re- 
main in  the  Ground  until  the  follow- 
ing Autumn,  before  the  Phnts  will 
appear  :  but  if  the  Seeds  are  fown 
in  Auguft^  as  foon  as  they  are  ripe, 
the  Plants  will  comie  up  the  fame 
Autumn,  or  early  in  the  Spring,  and 
'  will  produce  Flowers  the  ftlrowing 
Summer. 

This  Plant  is  prefcrvcd  in  many 
curious'  Gardens  of  Plants,*  and  is 
worthy  of  a  Place  in  the  Borders  of 
Ac  Flower-garden,  for  its  long  Con- 
tinuance in  Flower,  and  the  Beauty 
of  the  large  Leaves,  efpecially  as  it 
grows  ere^,  and  takes  up  but  little 
room.  It  is  an  annual  Plant,  which 
dies  as  foon  as  the  Seeds  are  per- 
feded. 

The  other  Sorts  arc  commonly 
cultivated  in  Gardens,  for  the  Beauty 
of  their  Flowen  ;  where,'  when  the 
feveral  Varieties  are  intermixed  in  a 
Bed,  they  make  a  goodly  Shew.  The 
Seeds  of  thefe  (hould  be  fown  in  Au- 
tumn, foon  after  they  are  ripe  ;  for 
ibofe  fown  ia  the  Spring  do  not 


DE 

grow  near  fo  large,  nor  will  thcftf 
Flowers  be  fo  double.  When  the 
Plants  come  up,  they  fhould  be  either 
tranfplanted  oijt,  or  fome  of  them 
puird  up;  fo  that  tire  remaining 
Plants  may  be  left  eight  dr  tea 
Inches  Diilance  each  Way ;  where- 
by they  will  have  room  to  grow^ 
and  fpread  their  Branches,  which 
they  generally  produce  in  great 
Plenty,  and  their  Flowers  will  be 
produced  in  larger  Bunches.  TTiey 
^ill  require  no  farther  Care,  but  tt> 
keep  them  clear  from  Weeds.  In 
June  thefe  Plants  will  fiower*;  and 
their  Seeds  will  ripen  about  the  Be- 

finningof  y/»^»^;  but  in  order  td 
ave  your  Flowers  more  beantiHil^ 
you  fhould  mark  fuch  only  for  Seeds 
as  produced  very  double  and  finely- 
variegated  Flowers,  pulling  np  or 
cutting  off  all  fingle  or  plain-coloured 
Flowers. 

The   Sort    of    Larkfpur    With 
branching  Stalks  fhould  be  fown  fe- 
parately,  and  not  mixed  with  the 
upright  Sort,  becaufe  they  do  not 
flower  together :  the  upright  Sort 
will  be  paft  flowering,  before  the 
branching  Sort  begins,   when  the 
Seeds  are  fown  at  the  fame  time: 
there  are  a  greater  Variety  of  Co- 
lours in  the  Flowers  of  the  upright, 
than  in  thofe  of  the  branching  Rind : 
and  as  the  Flowers  of  thefe  are  pro- 
duced in  large  clofe  Spikes,  fo  when 
they  are  very  double,   and  of  fine 
Colours,  they  make  a  fine  Appear- 
ance during  the  Seafon  of  their  Flow- 
ering.   The  Plants  of  this  Sort'will 
not  require  fo  much  room  as  thofe 
of  the  branching  Kind;   therefore 
when  they  are  fown  in  whole  Beds, 
if  the  Plants  are  fingled  out  to  the 
Diftance  of  fix  or  feven  Inches  apart, 
it  will  be  fufficient  room  for  them  ; 
whereas  the  branching  Kind  mull, 
not  be  left  nearer  than  ten  Inches  or 
a  Foot  afundcr.    If  there  arc  fome 

of 


D  E 

i»r  each  Sort  fawn  in  Aatumn,  and 
•gain  in  the  Spring,  there  will  be  a 
Sncceffion  of  their  Flowers. 

The  branching  Kind  feldom  be- 
gins to  flower  until  the  Middle  of 
July^  when  the  Seeds  are  fown  in 
i^utumn ;  but  when  they  are  Town 
in  the  Spring,  it  is  generally  a  Month 
later ;  To  that  if  the  Autunn  is  not 
favourable,  thefe  Spring  Plants  do 
Bot  ripen  their  Seeds  s  fo  that,  in 
order  to  have  good  Seeds,  the  beft 
Plants  of  thofe  fown  in  Autumn 
mnft  be  marked  to  (land  for  Seeds  i 
bat  where  fome  of  the  fineft  Colours, 
and  moft  double  Flowers,  of  each 
Kind  are  chofeo  to  fave  their  Seeds, 
It  will  be  ycry  proper  to  pull  up  all 
the  other  Plants  which  are  near  them ; 
by  which  you  will  preferve  the  Sorts 
in  greater  Perfedion  than  can  be 
otherwife  done ;  for  thefe  Flowers 
are  very  apt  to  degenerate  where 
ihere  is  not  the  greateft  Care  taken 
in  faving  of  theif  Seeds:  it  will  alfo 
be  very  proper  to  exchange  the  Seeds 
zvtry  other  Year,  with  fome  careful 
Perfon,  at  a  Diflance;  which  will 
?lfo  be  a  Means  of  continuing  thefe 
Kinds  in  the  greateft  Perfedlion. 

DENS  CANIS,  Dog's-tooth, 
The  Cbaradin  are ; 

It  bati  a  flijhy  Rcot  Jbafed  like  a 
Dog^s Tooth:  the  Leaves  are  broad, 
end  fpread  upon  the  Ground^  and,  in 
Jiff  ear  ance,  like  thoje  of  ths  round', 
leen/d  SotU' bread:  the  Flenver  is 
naked,  and  produced  Jingle  upon  each 
Stalk,  each  confifiing  of  fix  Leaves, 
mnd  Jhaped  like  a  Lily^  and  hang 
do*wnv^ard:  the  Petals  of  this  Flovier 
are  reflex* d:  the  Point  al  of  the  Flonuer 
becomes^  a  rouudtfi?  Fruit,  in  which 
are  contained  many  oblong  Seeds  • 
The  Species  are ; 

I.  D^Ns  Can  IS  latiore  rotundio- 
reaue folio,  fore  candido.  C.  B,  The 
broad  round-leav*dDo^*s-toqth^wiih 
a  white  Flower. 


D  E 

2.  Dens  Can  is  laiiore  rotunSe^ 
refue  folio,  Jlore  ex  purpura  rthtnte^ 
majore,  C.  B.  Broad  round  -  leav*d 
Dog*s-tooth,  with  a  large  purplilh- 
red  Flower. 

3.  Dbns  Canis  angufticre  UngU- 
reque  folio,  fore  albo.  C.  B,  Long 
narrow-leav*d  Dog*fi-tooth,  with  a 
white  Flower. 

4.  Dens  Canis  angnftiore  longU* 
reque  folio^  fore  fuave-rubente,  H, 
R.  Par.  Long  narrowleav*d  Dog*s- 
tooth,  with  a  £ne  red  Flower. 

There  are  fome  other  Varieties  of 
this  Plant  in  the  curious  Gardens 
abroad;  but  thefe  here  mentioned 
are  all  that  I  have  yet  feen  in  Eng' 
land:  the  two  firft-mentionM  are 
the  moft  common  with  us ;  the  other 
two  being  very  rare  at  prefcnt,  and 
only  to  be  found  in  a  few  curious 
Gardens. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagatal  by 
fowing  their  Seeds,  as  alfo  by  Off- 
fets  from  the  old  Roou.  The  Seafon 
for  fowing  thefe  Seeds,  and  the  Me^ 
thod  of  railing  and  managing  the 
young  Plants,  being  the  fame  as  di- 
reded  for  the  Narciffus,  1  fhall  refer 
the  Reader  thereto,  to  avoid  Repe- 
tition. 

The  Off-fets,  which  thefe  Roots 
produce  but  fparingly,  ihould  bq 
taken  off  at  the  time  when  the  old 
Roots  are  tranfplanted,  which  ihoul4 
be  when  the  green  Leaves  decay, 
which  is  commonly  towards  the  Lat- 
ter-end of  Maf ;  but  the  R6ots  fliould 
not  be  kept  long  above-ground  s  for 
then  diey  are  apt  to  fhrivel  and  dry 
up  ;  and  if  this  happens,  they  (d* 
dom  recQvei"  again.  Thefe  Plants 
delight  in  a  good  frelh  Spil,  neichec 
too  light  nor  too  heavy,  but  fuch  a^ 
is  of  a  middling  Nature,  and  not 
bver-dung'd  ;  and  they  fhould  have 
an  £afl  or  Weft  Afpedt ;  for  if  they 
are  planted  in  a  very  warm  pr  an  e;c* 
tffmp  cold  Situation,  they  feldoio 

thrive 


D  E 

lhnre  well.  They  prodace  theit 
Flowers  early  in  March,  for  which 
diey  are  valued,  as  alfo  for  the  Beau- 
ty of  their  green  Leaves.  If  Seeds 
of  the  different  Sorts  are  fown,  there 
nay  be  fome  new  Varieties  obtained, 
which  is  well  worth  the  Trial, where 
we  have  fo  few  Species  of  an  early 
beaatiful  Flower  as  of  this. 

DENS  LEONIS;  Dandelion. 
ThcChara^gn  arc ; 

//  agrtes  in  all  rffpeSs  nvitb  the 
UannhweeJ,  but  only  in  its  having  a 
Jingle  naked  Stalk  'with  one  Fl<nmr 
ufm  the  Top  ;  tuhereas  the  Ha*wk' 
'weeds  baqfe  branching  Stalks ;  to 
tvbfch  may  be  added.  The  Flowers 
are,  for  the  mojl  part,  fifitdous  or 
piped. 

There  are  feveral  Species  of  this 
Plant, which  are  prefcrved  in  curious 
Botanic  Gardens :  but  as  they  are 
Plants  of  no  great  Ufei^  and  withal 
are  very  troublefome  in  a  good  Gar- 
den, if  fuffered  to  feed  ;  fo  they  are 
never  propagated.  We  have  three 
or  four  Varieties  which  grow  wild  in 
England  i  but  the  mod  common 
broad-leavM^Kind  is  what  is  ufed 
in  Medicine.  There  are  alfo  fome 
People  very  fond  of  it  blanch'd  in 
the  Spring,  like  Endive ;  but  who- 
ever has  a  mind  to  have  it  for  either 
Ufe,  may  be  abundantly  fupplied  in 
the  Fields. 

DENTARIA,  Toothwort. 
^      The  CharaSers  are; 

//  bath  a  Flmver  confifting  of  four 
Leaves,  tubich  expand  in  form  of  a 
Crofs  ;  ostt  of  nxsbofe  Flower  cup  rifes 
the  Pointalf  <wbich  afierward  becomes 
a  Fruit  or  Pod,  ivbich  is  divided  into  ' 
tiuo  Cells,  by  an  intermediate  Parti- 
tion, to  nvhicb  the  Valves  adhere  on 
both  Sides  ;  and  is  fumijhed  tuith 
roundijh  Seeds  :  to  thefe  Maris  Jhould 
be  added.  The  Valves,  when  ripe, 
Pwift  up  like  a  Screnv,  and  difcbarge 
tbe  Seeds  'with  Fiolenct  l  and  the  Roots 


D  E 

areflejhf,fcaly,  and  cut  iu,as  iinvari 

ivitb  Teeth. 

The  Species  are  j 

1 .  D  £  J4  T  A  R I A  heptaphftlos.  C  B^ 
P.    Seven- leav'd  Toothwort. 

2.  DfiNTARiA  pentaphyllos,  foliif 
mollioribus.  C.  S,  P,  Five  -  leav'd 
Toothwort,  with  fbft  Leaves. 

3.*  D'entaria  pentaphyllos,  foliis 
a/peris.  C.  B,  P.  Five-leav'd  ToQth- 
wort,  with  rough  Leaves. 

4.  Dentaria  beptapbyllos  baeci^ 
fera.  C,  B.  P.     Seven-leav'd  berry* 

bearing  Toothwort.- 

5.  Dentaria  triphyllos.  C.B.P^ 
Three-leav'd  Toothwort. 

6.  Dentaria  emuaphyllos,  Mon^ 
tis  Aurei,  H,  R.  Par.  Nine-leav*4 
Toothwort  of  Mount  d^Or. 

Thefe  Plants  grow  on  the  Moun- 
tains in  Italy,  and  in  the  Woods  of 
Aujiria,  The  firfl  Sort  is  found  wild 
in  fonie  Parts  of  England,  but  par* 
ticularly  near  Harefield,  in  moift 
Aiady  Woods,  and  is  feldom  pre^* 
ferved  in  Gardens:  this  produces 
Bulbs  on  the  Side  of  the  Stalks, 
where  the  Leaves  are  fet  on,  which, 
if  planted,  will  grow,  and  produce 
Plants.  Thefe  Plants  are  propagated 
by  ^t^,  or  parting  tlieir  Roots; 
the  Seeds  fliould  be  fown  in  Autumn, 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  in  a  light 
fandy  Soil,  and  a  fhady  Situation  : 
in  the  Spring  the  Plants  may  be 
taken  up  where  they  grow  too  doH;, 
and  tranfplanted  out  in  the  like  Soil 
and  Situation  ;  where^  after  they 
have  taken  Root,  they  will  require 
no  farther  Care,  but  to  keep  them 
clear  from  Weeds :  the  fecond  Year 
they  will  produce  Flowers,  and  fome- 
times  will  perfect  their  Seeds.    . 

The  bed  time  to  tranfplant  the 
Roots  is  in  03ober,  when  they  fhoald 
be  planted  in  a  moift  Soil,  and  « 
(hady  Situation  s  for  they  will  not 
live  m  a  dry  Soil,  or  when  they  arc 
expofed  to  the  Sun. 

Thef^ 


Dl 


D  I 


Tliefe  Plants  have  no  great  Beauty  for  fevcral  Year*,   unlefs  deftroycd 

in  thdr  Flowers ;  fo  arc  feldom  pre-  by  violent  hard  Frofls ;  for  which 

ferved  in  Gardens  for  Pleafure  ;  but  Reafon  *tis  advifeable  always  to  keep 

hy  fach  Perfons  as  are  curious  in  Bo-  a  Pot  or  two  of  this  Plant  under  a 

tany»  they  are  preferved  to  add  to  Frame  as  a  Referve,  in  cafe  thofe 

ihc  Variety.  abroad  (hould  be  deRroyed.    This 

DIAPENSIA.     F/Vif  Sanicuta.  Plant  produces  its  Flowers  injitte 

DICTAMNUS  ALBUS.     Fide  and  7«^  j  but  the  Seeds  arc  fddoni 

Fraxinella.  perfe^^  in  this  Climate  :  and  al- 

DICTAMNUS,  Dittany.  though  there  is  no  great  Beauty  in 

The  CharadUrs  are;  the  Flowers  of  this  Plant ;  yet,  for 

^t  Fitnjotr-cup  confifls  of  tnvo  the  Variety  of  its  round  hoary  fwect- 

lumes  ;  aftkr  that  another  ath'wart  fmelling  Leaves,   ic  deferves  a  Place 

the  former  ;  and  again  a  third  in  like  id  very  good  Gardens. 
manner,  until  a  fcaly  Head  he  thence        The  fecond  Sort  was  found  upon 

Jomudz  out  ofths  Centre  of  all  thefe  M'ount  Sifylus^  by  Sir  G.  tfheelervt 

Stales  grows  a  Flower,  *whd/e  Creft  his  Travels,  and  by  him  fent  to  O*- 

h  ereB,  roundijb,  andhifid :  the  Beard  ford.     This  is  a  very  neat  Plant,  af- 

is  di'vided  into  three  Parts :  thefe  lit-  fording    long  Splices'   of  Flowers, 

rie  Thiers  come  forth  Jrom  leafy  which  continue  a  long  time  in  Beau- 

Zcales  after  the  manner  of  the  Ferti-  ty  ;  and  deferves  a  Place  with  the 

€k  Plants,  in  a  long  loofe  Zfike.  former  in  every  good  Garden.  This 

The  Species  are ;  is  propagated  and  managed  as  the 

1.  Dicta MKUs  Creticus,     C.  B.  other  in  every  rcfped, 

Ktlany  of  Crete.  DIERVILLA    [This  Plant  was 

2.  DlcTAiUNUs  mentis  Sipyli,  ori-  Co  named  by  Dr.  Toumefort,  from 
pntifoliis,  Flbr.  Bat.  Dittany  from  Mr.  Dier<ville,  a  Surgeon,  who 
Mount  5//>)?/ttJ,  with  Wild-marjoram-  brought  it  from  Jcadid],  We  have 
reaves.  no  Englijh  Name  for  this  Plant. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  hath  been  The  CharaBers  arc ; 

lenowncd  for  many  Ages,  upon  the        It  hath  a  Flower  confifling  of  au 

account  of  its  fovereign  Qualities  in  Leaf,  which  is  tubulous,  and  di'vided 

M^icin^.  This  is  generally  brought  into  fi*oe  Parts :  the  O^uary,  'vchich 


over  dry  from  the  Le^vant,  and  is  crowns  the  Pointal,  is  produced  fi 

ftill  ttfed  in  fome  of  the  grand  Pre-  the  Centre  of  the  t<vtjo-lea*v'd  C^yx : 

parations.  and  after  the  Flo^'er  is  p^Jed,  it  be^ 

This  Plant,  although  a  Native  of  comes  a  pyramidal  Fridt  di*vided  into 

a  warmer  Country  than  ours,  yet  is  four  C  ells, which  are  filed  with  fmall 

tolerably  hardy,  and  will  endure  the  Seeds. 

Cold  of  our  common  Winters,  if  We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
planted  in  the  open  Air,  provided  it  Plant  at  prcfent  in  Europe;  which  is, 
is  planted  in  a  dry  fandy  Soil.  It  Dier villa  Acadienfis  frmticofa, 
may  be  propagated  by  planting  Cut-  fore  luteo,  Acad,  Reg,  Scien.  Shrub- 
tings  in  any  of  the  Summer-months ;  by  Diervilla  of  Acadia,  with  a  yel- 
which  mull  be  ihaded  and  watered  low  Flower, 
until  they  have  taken  Root ;  afier-  This  is  a  very  I6w  Shrub,  feldom 
wards  they  may  be  cither  planted  in  rifmg  to  the  Height  of  three  Feet  in 
Pots,  of  in  a  warm  Border  under  a  England ;  but  is  very  fubjed  to 
South  Wall,  whcr^'  they  will  remain  fpread  at  the  Root^    and  become 

buihy. 


D  I 

baflif.  The  Flowers  are  fmall,  and 
produced  fparfedly  on  the  Branches, 
fo  that  it  doth  not  make  any  good 
Appearance  in  a  Garden  ;  but  as  it 
is  very  hardy,  it  may  be  admitted 
as  an  Under-flirub,  to  fill  up  Vacan- 
cies in  Wildemefs  -  quarters,  where 
it  will  add  to  the  Variety.  It  is 
eafily  propagated  from  Suckers^ 
which  it  generally  produces  in  great 
Plenty  from  the  Root,  or  by  laying 
down  the  Branches.  It  requires  a 
Soil  not  too  hot  and  dry,  nor  over- 
wet,  but  of  a  middling  Nature. 

This  Plant  is  now  cultivated  in 
ibme  of  the  curious  Nurferies  about 
London,  for  Sale,  as  are  many  of  the 
hardy  Trees  and  Shrubs,  fome  of 
which  have  not  more  Beauty  than 
this ;  but  as  they  increafe  the  Va- 
riety in  Gardens,  they  are  at  prefent 
much  in  Requeil. 

DIGIT  A  US,  Fox-glove. 
The  Charaffen  are; 

TbeLeanfis  are  produced  alternately 
M  the  Branches :  the  Cup  of  the 
Flower  ctmfifis  of  one  Leaf  nubich  is 
divided  into  Jtx  ample  long  Segments : 
the  Flower  confifts  of  one  Leaf  is  tit' 
hulofe  and  comprefs  d^  and  a  little  re- 
fiex*d  at  the  Brim :  thsfc  Flowers  are 
difpo/ed  in  a  long  Spike ^  andalinays 
grow  mpon  one  Side  of  the  Stalk  :  the 
Ovary  of  the  Fl9'joer  becomes  a  round- 
ijh  Fruity  njohich  ends  in  a  Pointy  and 
opens  in  the  Middle  :  it  has  two  Cells^ 
in  *which  are  contained  many  Jmall 
Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 

I.  Digitalis  purpurea,  J»B, 
The  purple  Fox^glove. 

a.  Digitalis  vulgaris^  fiore  car- 
lito.  Hort,  Edinb,  Common  fleih- 
coloured  Fox  glove. 

3.  Digitalis  Jiore  magno  candi- 
do»  J,  B.  Foj(-glove  with  a  large 
white  Flower. 

4.  Dmitalis  latifolia,  Jlorefer 
Vol.  I. 


D  I 

rugineo.  Mor,  Hifl,  Broad  •  leaved 
Fox-glove,  with  an  iron  -  coloured 
Flower. 

5.  Digitalis  anguftifoUa^  Jlort 
ferrugineo,    C.  B.     Narrow  -  leavM 
Fox- glove,  with  an  iron -coloured* 
Flower. 

6.  Digitalis  lutea^  magno  fhn, 
C.  B,  Fox-glove  with  a  Lu-ge  yel- 
low Flower. 

7.  Digitalis  mafor  lutea  nsel 
pallida,  par*vo  fore,  C.  B.  Greater 
Fox-glove,  with  a  fmall  pale-yellow 
Flower. 

8.  Digitalis  Orientalis,  folio  tra- 
£fi>ogf\  Jlore  albido.  T,  Cor.  £aftem 
Fox-glove,  with  a  Goat's- beard-leaf^ 
and  a  whiti(h  Flower. 

9.  Digitalis  Hifpatdca purpurea 
minor.  Inft,  R,  H.  Smaller  purple 
Spanijh  Fox-glove. 

10.  Digitalis  latifotia^ fiore fer^ 
rugineo  mstore.  H,  R.  Par,  Brood- 
leav'd  Fox-glove, with  a  fmalier  iron- 
coloarM  Flower. 

The  firil  of  the(e  Plants  is  very 
common  in  fliady  Woods,  and  upon 
uncultivated  Heaths,  in  divers  Parts 
of  England:  the  two  next  are  alfo 
Varieties  of  the  firft,  from  which 
they  only  differ  in  the  Colour  of 
the  Flowers. 

The  foqrth,  fifth,  fixth,  and  tench 
Sorts  are  prefer ved  in  Gardens,  for 
the  Beauty  of  their  Plants,  being 
very  ornamental  Flowers  to  a  Gar- 
den, as  they  continue  a  long  time  in 
Flower,  and  do  not  take  up  mnch 
room  in  the  Borders ;  therefore  are 
as  well  worth  cultivating  as  many 
other  Plants,  which  are  perhaps  more 
rare,  as  they  have  been  lately  intro- 
duced i  but  fome  of  thefe  Kinds  of 
Foxgloves,  which  were  formerly 
more  common  in  the  EngHJh  Gar- 
dens, have,  by  Negled,  become  un- 
common at  prefent :  but  the  feventh* 
eighth,  and  ninth  Sora  are  only  ci^- 
F  f  ovatcd 


D  I 

tivated  in  Botanic  Gardens  for  the 
fake  of  Variety,  as  being  Plants  of 
no  great  Beauty. 

Thefe  Plants  may  all  be  propagated 
by  fowing  their  Seeds  in  Autumn^ 
an  a  frefh  Soi],  that  is  not  too  ftifF ; 
and  when  the  Plants  come  up,  they 
ihould  be  tranfplanted  into  Beds  fix 
Inches  afunder,  where  they  may  re- 
main until  the  Michaelmas  follow- 
ing, obferving  to  keep  them  clear 
from  Weeds  ;  then  you  may  tranf- 
plant  them  into  the  Middle  of  large 
Borders,  intermixing  the  Variety  of 
Colours  at  regular  Dillances  amongll 
Flowers  of  the  fame  Growth.  In 
,May  following  thefe  will  produce 
their  Flowers,  which  will  continue 
near  a  Month  in  Beauty,  if  the  Sea- 
fon  is  not  too  hot  and  dry,  and  in 
Auguft  the  Seeds  will  ripen  ;  which,. 
if  permitted  to  ^11  to  the  Ground, 
will  come  up  in  great  Plenty,  and 
abundantly  ftock  the  Garden  with 
Plants. 

Mod  of  thefe  Sorts  feldom  remain 
above  two  Years,  when,  after  hav- 
ing perfeded  their  Seeds,  they  die, 
unlefs  Care  be  taken  to  cut  off  the 
Flowers  when  they  are  in  Beauty, 
before  they  begin  to  decay,  which 
often  caufes  the  Roots  to  break  out 
again,  whereby  they  may  be  kept 
for  feveral  Years,  efpecially  the  iron- 
coloured  Sorts ;  and  may  be  increased 
by  parting  their  Roots. 

Thefe  Plants  thrive  beft  in  a  poor 
undung'd  freih  Soil,  nor  can  they  be 
maintained  many  Years  in  a  rich 
Soil;  and  their  Flowers  will  be, 
when  planted  therein,  much  fmailer, 
and  of  (horter  Duration ;  and  altho' 
they  are  fome  of  them  common  in 
England^  yet  they  make  a  very  good 
Appearance  in  large  Gardens. 

The  Seeds  of  all  the  Sorts  of  Fox- 
gloves ihould  be  fown  ii  Autumn 
foon  after  they  are  ripe ;  for  thofe 
whic  .  are  fown  in  the  Spring  oiten 


D  I 

fail ;  or  if  they  grow,  commonly  lie 
in  the  Ground  a  Year,  before  they 
appear ;  whereas  thofe  Seeds,  whkh 
are  fown  in  Autumn,  rarely  fail  to 
come  up  the  next  Spring. 

DILL.     VUe  Anethuro. 

DIOSCOREA  [This  Plant  was 
fo  named  by  Father  Flumitr^  from 
Pedacim  DiofcorideSf  a  famous  Phy- 
fician].  We  have  no  EngUfi  Name 
for  this  Plant. 

The  CharaSers  are ; 

It  bath  a  fpreading  btU-Jhafti 
Flo'wer,  confifiing  of  one  Leaf^  vthicb 
is  di<vided  at  the  Extremity  ititofe^- 
red  Part'  ;  from  tubofe  Cup  arifes  tbt 
Poifttalf  lAihich  after  fward  becomes  « 
triangular  Fruity  di'uided  into  three 
Cells  \  in  tjuhicb  are  contained  orbiai- 
lar  Seedsy  'uohich  are  bordered. 

The  Species  are ; 
'  I.  DioscoREA  fcandens^  foUh 
t^mni,  fruQu  racemofo.  Plum.  AV&. 
Gen.  Climbing  Diofcorea,with  Black- 
bryony -leaves,  and  the  Fruit  grow- 
ing in  Cluflers. 

2.  Dio^coKE nfcandeuSf  folio  ba- 
flatOy  fruQu  racemofo.  Houft,  Climb- 
ing Diofcorea,  with  a  fpear-fhaped 
Leaf,  and  cluilered  Fruit. 

3.  DloscoKEhfcandffss,  folio  fab- 
rotundo  ocuminatOy  fruSlu  racemsjo, 
Houji,  Climbing  Diofcorea,  with 
a  roundifti  Leaf  ending  in  a  Point, 
and  cluilered  Fruit. 

4^  D I  OS  CO  RE  A  foliis  cordatis  ocM' 

minatisy  ner<vis  lateralibus  ad  medium 

folii   terminatis^    mas.      Flor.   Virg. 

Male  Diofcorea,  with  pointed  hearc- 

(haped  Leaves. 

5 .  D I  o  SCOR  E  A  foliis  cordatisy  cauk 
la<viy  mess.  Un.  Hort.  The  Yam, 
or  Indian  Potato. 

The  iiril,  fecond,  and  third  Sorts 
grow  wild  in  moil  of  the  warm  Parti 
of  America^  where  they  twift  them- 
fclves  up  to  any  Trees  or  Shnik, 
which  grow  near  them ;  and  rife  to 
a  great  Height,  much  hke  the  black 

Bryony 


D  I 

hryony  in  Rurope,  They  are  Male 
aad  Female  in  different  Plants,  as  in 
tiie  Tamnus,  or  black  Bryony,  to 
which  thefe  Plants  are  near  of  Kin. 

The  fourth  Sort  is  a  Native  in 
North  America^  from  whence  the 
Seeds  have  been  fent ;  and  fome  of 
the  Plants  are  preferved  in  the  Gar- 
dens of  fome  curious  Perfons.  This 
Sort  will  live  in  the  open  Air  in 
England  \  but  the  other  three  Sorts 
are  fo  tender»as  not  to  be  preferved, 
nnleis  they  are  kept  in  Zr  warm 
Stove. 

Thefe  Plants  die  to  the  Ground 
t9tiy  Autumn,  and  (hoot  up  again 
the  following  Springs  and  will  climb 
np  Sukes,  to  the  Height  of  ten  or 
twelve  Feet,  and  fometimes  produce 
Flowers  in  Englaui:  but  as  they 
have  little  Beauty,  the  Plants  are 
mtly  preferved,  except  by  Bota- 
nifts. 

The  fifth  Sort  is  much  cultivated 
by  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Idaods  in 
Jmirica^  and  is  of  great  Ufe  to  them 
for  feeding  of  their  Negroes  ;  and 
the  white  People  make  Puddens  of 
the  Roots,  wbien  ground  to  a  fort  of 
Floor.  This  Plant  is  fuppofed  to 
have  been  brought  from  the  Eaft  to 
the  Wgfi'lnditt ;  for  it  has  not  been 
difcovered  to  grow  wild  in  any  Part 
of  America ;  but  in  the  lHand  of 
Ceylom^  and  on  the  Coaft  of  Mala- 
har^  it  grows  in  the  Woods  ;  and 
there  are  in  thofe  Places  a  great  Va« 
riety  of  Sorts. 

The  Sort  which  is  chiefly  cultiva* 
ted  in  the  Wifi-ln&ii  has  a  Root  as 
big  as  a  Man*6  Leg,  of  an  irregular 
Form,  and  of  a  dirty  brown  Colour 
00  the  Outiide  \  but  when  cut,  are 
white  and  mealy  within.  The  Stalks 
of  this  Plant  are  triangular  and  wing* 
cd:  the  Leaves  are  heart-ihaped, 
'  having  two  Ears,  fomewbat  like  thoie 
of  Arum.  Thefe  Stalks  climb  to 
the  Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet, 


D  I 

when  they  grow  near  Trees  or 
Shrjabs,  to  which  they  faften  them- 
felves,  otherwife  they  trail  upon  the 
Ground. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  cut- 
ting the  Root  into  Pieces,  obferviug 
to  preferve  an  Eye  or  Bud  to  each, 
as  is  praftifed  in  planting  of  Pota- 
toes ;  each  of  thefe,  being  planted, 
will  grow,  and  produce  three  or  four 
large  Roots;  in  America  they  are 
commonly  fix  or  eight  Months  in 
the  Ground  before  the  Roots  are 
taken  up  for  Ufe.  The  Roots  are 
roafted  or  boiled,  and  eaten,  by  the 
Inhabitants ;  and  fometimes  are  made 
into  Bread. 

In  fome  curious  Gardens  this 
Plant  is  preferved  for  the  fake  of  Va- 
riety; but  it  is  fo  tender  as  not  to 
live  in  England^  unlefs  it  is  placed 
in  a  warm  Stove :  as  thefe  Roots  are 
frequently  brought  from  America^  fo 
whoever  hath  an  Inclination  to  pre- 
ferve the  Plant,  may  cut  them  in  the 
manner  before-defcribed  ;  and  plant 
each  Piece  in  a  Pot  filled  with  frefh 
Earth,  and  plunged  into  an  Hot-bed 
of  Tanners  Bark,  and  give  them 
littleWater  until  they  (hoot,  left  they 
fhould  rot.  With  this  Management 
I  have  had  the  Shoots  ten  Feet  high ; 
but  the  Roots  have  not  grown  to  any 
great  Size  with  me.  This  Plant 
will  not  thrive  in  the  open  Air,  in 
the  warmefl  time  of  the  Year ;  fo 
mufl  confUntly  be  kept  in  the  Bark* 
flove. 

DIOSMA,  African  Spirxa,  'oulgo. 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

The  Empalement  of  the  TLnufr  it 
cut  into  fq/e  Parts :  there  are  f*ui 
obtufe  Petals  in  the  Flower:  in  the 
Centre  is  fituated  the  Point al^  cftt end- 
ed hy  fi've  Stamina,  fupforting  oval 
Summits :  the  Pointal  aftimvard  he* 
comes  an  oval  five-cornered  Ca^fule^ 
having  five  Ctlls^  each  having  on$ 
oval 'pointed  hard  Seed* 

Ff  2  The 


D  I 

The  Specreszre; 

1.  DiQSMA  folns  Unearths  hir- 
fittis.  Lftr,  Hort,  Cliff,  African  Spi- 
rsea,  with  narrow  hairy  Leaves. 

2 .  D I  o  s  M  A  foUis  fubulatis  acutii . 
Lin,  Hart.  Cliff.  African  Spiraea, with 
taper-pointed  Leaves,  placed  in  form 
of  a  Croft. 

3.  Digs  MA  foliis  fetaceis  acutis, 
Un,  Hort.  Cliff'.  Low  African  Spi- 
raea, with  Leaves  like  Heath. 

Thefe  Plants  are  Natives  of  the 
Country  near  the  Copt  of  Good  Hope^ 
where  they  grow  on  hrlly  moun- 
tainous traces ;  and  have  been  tranf- 
ported  from  thence  into  the  curious 
Oardens  jn  Holland i  and  froni  thence 
have  been  commanicaced  to  the  fe- 
veral  Gardens  in  Europe y  where  tbey 
txt  prefcrved  by  thofe  Pcrfons  who 
are  curious  in  Exotic  Plants. 

The  firft  Sort  has  been  long 
known  under  the  Title  of  Spir/ea 
Africana  odorata^  foliis  pilofis,  or 
Sweet- fcentcd*  African  Spir^a,  with 
hairy  Leaves.  This  Sort  makes  a 
very  handfome  Shrub,  growing  to 
the  Height  of  five  or  fix  Feet :  the 
Stalks  are  of  a  fine  coral  Colour ; 
the  Leaves  come  out  alternately  on 
every  Side  of  the  Branches,  which 
are  narrow- pointed  and  hairy:  the 
Flowers  are  produced  in  fmall  CIu- 
ilers  at  the  Ends  of  the  Shoots, which 
are  fmall  and  white ;  thefe  are  fuc- 
ceeded  by  ftarry  Sccd-veflels,  hav- 
ing five  Corners,  like  thofe  of  the 
(larry  Anife  ;  each  of  thefe  Corners 
is  a  Cell,  having  one  fmooth  fhine- 
ing  oblpng  black  Seed  :  thefe  Seed- 
veffels  abound  with  a  Refin,  which 
affords  a  grateful  Scent,  as  doth  alfo 
the  whole  Plant. 

The  fecond  Sort  feldom  rifes  fo 
high  as  the  former;  and  the  Branches 
arc  very  long  and  flendcr,  and  are 
produced  from  the  Stem  very  irre«- 
guiarly  :  the  Leaves  are  placed  crofl*- 


D  I 

wife,  and  are  pointed ;  thefe  ai€ 
every  Evening  elofed  op  to  the 
Branches  :  the  Flowers  are  produced 
akmg-  the  Branches  from  between 
the  Leaves;  and  in  the  Evening, 
when  thef6  Flowers  are  expanded, 
and  the  Leaves  ttt  clofely  embracing 
the  Stalks,  the  whole  Plant  appears, 
as  if  covered  with  Spikes  of  white 
Flowers ;  and  as  thefe  Plants  conti- 
nue a  long  time  in  Flower,  they 
make  a  fine  Appearance  when  they 
are  intermixed  with  other  Exotics. 

The  third  Sort  is  yet  of  humbler 
Growth  than  either  of  the  former 
Sorts,  feldom  rHing  above  two  Feet 
high,  and  fpreads  out  into  many 
Branches:  the  Leaves  of  this  Sort 
are  fmooth,  and  refemble  thofe  of 
the  Heath  ;  and  the  Plant  from 
thence  had  the  Name  olEricafanms 
coriiis  folio y  &c.  given  to  it  by  Dr. 
Plukenet :  the  Flowers  of  this  Kiod 
are  produced  in  Clufters,  at  the  End 
of  the  Branches,  like  thofe  of  the 
fiiil  Sort ;  but  are  fmaller,  and  the 
Bunches  not  fo  large. 

AH  theie  Platits  are  propagated 
by  Cuttings,  which  may  be  planted 
during  any  of  the  Summer-months, 
in  Pots  filled  with  fre(h  light  Earth, 
and  plunged  into  a  moderate  Hot- 
bed, where  they  ihonld  be  (haded  in 
the  Day-time  from  the  Sun,  and  fre- 
quently refrelhed  with  Water:  in 
about  two  Months  the  Cuttings  will 
have  taken  Root,  when  they  ihould 
be  each  tranfplanted  into  a  fmall  Pot, 
and  placed  in  a  fliady  Situation  until 
the  Plants  have  taken  freih  Root, 
when  they  may  be  put  among  other 
Exotic  Plants,'  in  a  (hehered  Place: 
thefe  Plants  may  remain  abroad  un« 
til  the  Beginning  ofO^^^r,  or  later, 
if  the  Seafon  continues  favourable ; 
for  they  only  require  to  be  (heltfcr'd 
from  Froft  ;  fo  that  in  a  dry  airy 
Green-houfe  they  may  be  preferved 

very 


D  I 

veiy  well  in  Winter ;  and  in  Sum- 
mer tiiey  may  be  expofed  to  the 
open  Air  with  other  Green-hoafe- 
.  plants. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  take 
Root  much  fooner»  and  more  cer- 
tainly, from  Cuttings,  than  the  firil ; 
which  many  times  require  five  or 
&x  Months  to  remain  in  the  Pots 
before  they  will  have  made  Roots 
fufficient  to  tranfplant. 

'  The  firft  Sort  frequently  ripens  its 
Seeds  in  Engiwui\  but  if  the  See^s 
are  not  fown  foon  after  they  are 
ripe,  they  rarely  grow;  and  thefe 
commonly  lie  a  whole  Year  in  the 
Ground. 

DIOSPYROS.  The /*i/rtf«  Date 
Plum. 

The  Chara^trs  are ; 

Tbt  Empalenunt  rf  thg  Flotutr  is 
of  one  Leaft  dinjidii  at  th$  Top  into 
fow9  Parts:  the  Fiower  is  of  one  Lea/, 
and  is  of  tbe  oval  belljhafed  Kindy 
Jiightly  cut  at  tbi  Brim  into  frve 
Parts :  in  tbi  Centre  of  tbe  Fiower  is 
ftuated  tbe  Pointaly  attended  by  eight 
Jbort  Stamina:  tbe  Pointal  after- 
ward  becomes  a  fift  Fruit  or  Berry , 
refting  in  tbe  expanded  Empalement, 
andinclojittg  oval  flat  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

i.DiospYROS  foliis  uti inque hico- 
loribus,  FJor,  Leyd,  The  Indian  Date 
Plum. 

2.  'DioSPYR.OS  foliis  ntrinqui  con- 
coloribus,  Lin.  Hort,  Cliff.  The 
Pijbamin  or  Perjimon,  and  by  fome 
Pitcbumon  Plum. 

The  firfl  Sort  is  fuppofed  to  be  a 
Native  of  Africa;  and  was  tranf- 
planted  from  thence  into  feveral  Parts 
of  Ita/y,  and  alfo  the  South  of 
France.  The  Fruit  of  this  Tree  is 
by  fome  fuppofed  to  be  the  Lotus, 
which  UiyJles  and  his  Companions 
were  inchanted  with.  This  is  a 
Tree  of  middling  Growth  in  the 


D  I 

warm  Parts  of  Emrope,  where  there 
are  feveral  of  them  which  are  up- 
ward of  thirty  Feet  high ;  but  par- 
ticularly in  the  Botanic  Garden  at 
Padua  there  is  one  very  pld  Tree, 
which  has  been  defcribed  by  fome 
of  the  former  Botanifts,  under  the 
Title  ofGuaiacum  Patavinum.  This 
Tree  produces  plenty  of  Fruit  tvcry 
Year ;  from  the  Seeds  of  which  ma- 
ny Plants  have  been  raifed.  In  Eng- 
land there  are  none  of  thefe  Trees 
but  what  have  been  raifed  within  a 
few  Years  paft,  in  the  Phyfic  garden 
at  Chetfea :  for  the  S^eds  of  which  I 
was  greatly  obliged  to  my  much 
honoured  Friend,  his  Excellency  the 
Chevalier  Ratbgeb,  his  Imperial 
Majefty*s  Minifter  at  Fenicei  who 
has  alfo  fupplied  roe  v/ith  many 
other  curious  Plants,  Trees,  and 
Fruits,  from  different  Parts  of  the 
World  ;  where  his  extenfive  Corre- 
fpondence  has  been  employed  to  col- 
led whatever  rare  Plants  he  could 
procure;  and  his  Generoiity  in 
communicating  what  Seeds  and 
Plants  he  can  procure  to  the  Phyfic- 
garden  at  Chelfca,  requires  this  pub- 
lic Acknowlegement. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
America  \  but  particularly  in  Vir-^ 
ginia  and  Carolina  there  are  great 
Plenty  of  thefe  Trees  growing  in  the 
Woods.  The  Seeds  of  this  Sort  are 
frequently  brought  to  England, 
where  the  Trees  are  now  become 
pretty  conjimon  in  the  Nurferies 
about  London.  This  rifes  to  the 
Height  of  twelve  or  fourteen  Feet ; 
but  generally  divides  into  many  irre- 
gular Trunks  near  the  Ground ;  fo 
that  it  is  very  rare  to  fee  an  hand- 
fome  Tree  of  this  Sort.  Thi^  pro- 
duces plenty  oi  Fruit  in  England i 
but  they  never  come  to  Perfcftion 
here;  in  America  the  Inhabitants 
preferye  the  Fruit  until  it  is  rotten 
F  f  3  *  (at 


D  I 

(as  is  pra^lifed  by  Medlers  in  Eng- 
land)y  when  they  are  efleemed  a 
pleafant  Frait. 

Thefe  are  both  propagated  hy 
Seedsy  which  will  conle  up  very 
well  in  the  open  Groand ;  bat  if 
they  are  fown  upon  a  moderate  Hot- 
bedy  the  Plants  will  come  up  much 
fooner,  and  make  a  greater  Progrefs ; 
but  in  this  Cafe  the  Seeds  fhould  be 
fown  in  Pots  or  Boxes  of  Earth,  and 
plunged  into  the  Hot-bed  ;  becaufe 
the  Plants  will  not  bear  tranfplant- 
ing  till  the  Autumn,  that  the  Leaves 
fall  oiF;  fo  that  when  the  Plants  are 
up,  and  have  made  fome  Progrefs, 
they  may  be  inured  by  degrees  to 
the  open  Air ;  and  in  June  they  may 
be  wholly  expofed,  and  may  remain 
abroad  until  November  i  when  it 
will  be  proper  to  fet  the  Pots  under 
an  Hot-bed'frame  to  protedl  them 
from  hard  Froft,  which,  while  they 
are  ytry  young,  may  kill  the  Tops 
of  the  Plants  ;  but  they  mufl  have  as 
much  free  Air  as  poflible  in  mildWea- 
ther  :  next  Autumn  or  Spring,  be* 
fore  the  Plants  begin  to  fhoot,  they 
ihould  be  tranfplanted  into  a  Nurfery^ 
in  a  warm  Situation;  where  they 
may  be  trained  up  for  two  Years, 
and  then  removed  to  the  Places 
where  they  are  defigned  to  remain. 
The  fecond  Sort  is  hardy  enough  to 
TtiiSi  the  greateft  Cold  of  this  Coun- 
try; but  I  do  not  know  how  the 
lirft  may  be  aiFedled  by  fevere  Froft; 
tho'  for  two  or  thVee  Years  they 
bave  been  expofed  without  Injury. 

DIPSACUS,  The  Teafel. 
The  Cbara^ers  are ; 

7be  nvbole  FJo*wer  batb  no  prefer 
Calyx,  but  Lea<ves  reprefinting  tbe 
Pcrianthium  encompajjirg  tbe  Bottom 
cftbe  Head;  tbe  little  Flouuers^  ivbicb 
an  p7oduct'd  fingly  from  btt^ween  tbe 
Scales,  are  colUQed  into  an  Head 
fomiVihttt  like    a    Bcc-bive :    tbeje 


D  I 

are  fueteeded  by  hngifi  fourKemtj^d 
Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  DirsACV Sj^M/eJirtSf  emi  virgm 
pafteris  major,  C.  B.  The  greater 
wild  Teafel. 

2.  DiPSACUS  Jyhjejhfs,  capetwh 
minorey  ntei  <uirga  pafieris  miner. 
C.  B,  Small  wild  Teafel,  or  Shep- 
herd's Rod. 

3.  DirsACVs/eiio  Utciniatw,  C.  B, 
Cut-leav'd  Teafel. 

4.  DiPSACusy^/iVca.  C.  B.  Ma- 
nured Teafel. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  very 
common  upon  dry  Banks,  in  molt 
Parts  of  England  i  and  is  feldom 
cultivated  in  Gardens,  unlefs  for 
the  fake  of  Variety. 

The  fecond  is  alfo  found  wild  in 
many  Parts  of  Bnglasid,  tho*  lefs 
common  than  the  firfl. 

The  third  is  a  Variety,  which 
differs  from  the  Mt,  in  having  tbe 
Leaves  deeply  cut  or  jagged. 

But  it  is  the  fourth  Sort  only 
which  is  cultivated  for  Ufe,  which 
is  called  Carduus  Fullorum,  or  FmJ- 
lonum,  being  of  Angular  \}it  in  ntif- 
ing  the  Knap  upon  Woollen-cloth; 
for  which  Purpofe  there  are  great 
Quantities  of  this  Plant  coliivatcd  ia 
the  Weft  Country. 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  fow- 
ing  the  Seed  in  marcb,  upon  a  Soil 
that  has  been  well  plowed:  about 
one  Peck  of  this  Seed  will  fow  an 
Acre;  for  the  Plants  (hould  have 
room  to  grow,  other  wife  the  Heads 
will  not  be  fo  large,  nor  in  fo  great 
Quantity.  When  the  Plants  are 
come  up,  you  muft  hoe  them  in  the 
fame  manner  as  is  praAifcd  for  Tur- 
neps,  cutting  down  all  the  Weeds, 
and  fmgling  out  the  Plants  to  about 
fix  or  eight  Inches  Diftance;  and  as 
the  Plants  advance,  and  the  Weeds 
begin  to  grow  again,  you  muft  hoe 


D  O 

them  a  fecond  time,  cutting  out  the 
Plants  to  a  wider  Diflance ;  for  they 
ihould  be,  at  laH,  left  at  leafl  a  Foot 
afunder :  and  you  fhould  be  particu- 
larly   careful  to  clear   them   from 
Weeds,  eijpecially  the  firft  Summer ; 
for  when   the  Plants  have.fpread  fo 
a^  to  cover  the  Surface  of  the  Ground, 
the  Weeds  will  not  fo  readily  grow 
between    them.     The  fecond  Year 
after  fowing,  the  Plants  will  (hoot 
op  to  Heads,  which  will  be  fit  to  cut 
about  the  Beginning  of  Auguft ;  at 
which  time  they  fhould  be  cut,  and 
tied  up  ip  Bunches,  fetting  them  in 
the  Sun,  if  the  Weather  be  fair; 
but  if  not,  they  mull  be  fet  in  Rooms 
to  dry  them.    The  common  Produce 
is  about  an  hundred  and  iixty  Bundles 
or  Staves  upon  an  Acre,  which  they 
fell  for   about  one  Shilling  a  Stave. 
Some  People  {(sk4  Caraway  and  other 
Seeds  amongil  their  Teafcls:    but 
this  is  not  a  good  Method ;  for  the 
one  fpoils  the  other ;  nor  can  you  fo 
eafilv   clear  them   from  Weeds,  as 
when  alone. 

DITTANY.  Viit  Diaamnus. 
DOCK.  Vide  Lapaihum. 
DODARTIA  [This  Plant  was 
fo  named  by  Dr.  Tournrfort^  from 
Moniieur  Do  dart,  a  Member  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris]. 
We  have  no  Englifi  Name  for  this 
Plant. 

The  Chara3ers  are ; 
It  hath  a  pirfonated  tuhulous  Flo^W' 
ir^  confifiing  of  one  Lenf,  haviKg  tnvo 
difiinU  Lips :  the  upper  Lip  is  bifida 
and  the  under  one  is  divided  into  three 
Parts  ;  from  ixibofe  Calyx  arises  the 
Pointal^  fixed  like  a  Nail  in  the  hin  ier 
Part  of  the  F lower f  and  afterxuard 
becomes  a  roundi/h  Fruity  di'vided  in 
to  t'Tvo  Cells,  ivhich  are  filled  wiith 
fmall  Seeds, 

The  Species  are ; 
I.    DooARTiA   Orient alisy  fine 


D  O 

purpurafcenti,  Toum,  Cor,  Eaflern 
Dodartia,  with  a  purpliQi  Flower. 

2 .  Do D  A  RT I A  bellidis  folio,  fiori 
albofpicato,  Dodartia  with  a  Daify- 
leaf,  and  white  Flowers  growing  ia 
a  Spike. 

The  firft  Sort  was  difcovered  by 
Dr.  Toumefort  near  Mount  Ararat, 
from  whence  he  fent  the  Seeds  to  the 
Royal  Garden  at  Paris;  and  they 
have  fince  been  communicated  to 
many  other  Gardens.  This  is  a 
perennial  Plant,  which  commonly 
rifes  about  eighteen  Inches  high, 
with  flender  Stems,  which  are  branch- 
ed out  from  the  Bottom,  and  have 
a  few  fmalt  Leaves  thinly  placed  on 
them  :  the  Flowers  come  out  on  the 
Side  of  the  Branches,  which  are 
ihaped  like  thofe  of  the  Snap-dragon, 
and  are  of  a  purple  Colour.  As  this 
Plant  flowers  pretty  late  in  the  Sum- 
mer, it  rarely  produces  good  Seeds 
in  England  I  therefore  the  only  Me- 
thod of  propagating  it  is,  by  Suck- 
ers from  the  Root,  which  fhculd  not 
be  taken  oft  until  they  are  pretty 
ftrong ;  for  the  Root  does  not  in- 
creafe  very  faft  here.  It  loves  a 
gentle  lo^my  Soil,  and  (hould  have 
a  warm  Border,  where  it  will  thrive 
much  better  than  when  it  is  kept  in 
Pot? ;  but  if  it  is  not  watered  in  dry 
Weather,  the  Flowers  will  be  weak, 
and  the  Plants' will  not  make  much 
Increafe. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
the  South  of  France  and  Spain ;  and 
has  been  defcribed  h^  feveral  Bo- 
tanifts  under  the  Title  of  Liraria 
bellidis  folio.  This  Plant  feldom 
continues  longer  than  two  Years ; 
therefore  the  Seeds  (hould  be  fovvn 
foon  after  they  are  ripe,  in  Pots 
fit  led  with  frefli  Ejrrh,  and  (heltered 
under  an  Kot  bed  frame  in  Winter, 
g.ving  them  at  much  free  Air  as 
poilible.  In  the  Spring  thjB  Plants 
Ff4  ^        '  wU 


D  O 

will  come  up,  fome  of  which  may 
be  planted  in  Pots,  that  they  may 
be  flielcered  the  following  Winter ; 
and  others  may  be  planted  in  warm 
Borders,  where^  in  mild  Winters, 
they  will  fiand  very  well ;  but,  io 
fevere  Winters,  they  will  not  live  in 
the  open  Air.  If  the  Seeds  of  this 
Plant  are  not  fown  in  the  Autumn, 
they  rarely  grow. 
DODONiEA. 

The  CbaraSers  are ; 
^be  Emfalement  of  the  Fknvtr  is  of 
one  Leaf  nvhicb  is  cut  into  three  wal 
SegTmnts:  there  is  no  Petal  to  the 
Thuwcr  \  but  in  the  Centre  of  the  Em- 
faUmtnt  ii  fituated  a  three- cornered 
Pcintal,  attended  by  eight  fkort  Sta- 
mina :  the  Point  a  I  after*ward  be* 
comes  an  inflated  Pody  haming  three 
Corners  or  iVings\  and  is  di*vided  in' 
to  three  Ql/j,  each  containing  one  or 
t*wo  round  hard  Seeds, 

We  know  but  one  Species  of  this 
plant  at  prefent,  which  has  been 
long  preferved  in  fome  curious  Gar- 
dens .of  Plants;  anddefcribcd  under 
the  Title  of  Triofteris,  by  Dn  Pluke- 
neti  and  afterward,  by  Father 
Plumier,  under  that  of  Staphyloden' 
dron^  to  which  Genus  he  referred  it 
from  the  Similitude  of  the  Fruit; 
but  as  it  differs  from  that  in  the 
Flower,  Dr.  Linnaus  has  conftituted 
the  Genus  by  this  Name,  in  Honour 
to  Rembertius  Dodonaus,  a  famous 
Botanift. 

DoDON^A.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff. 
Hop  tree,  'vulgo. 

This  Plant  ie  a  Native  of  the 
warm  Parts  of  America^  where  it 
grows  to  the  Height  of  eighteen  or 
twenty  Feet :  the  Branches  general- 
ly grow  erect,  and  are  garnilhed 
with  Leaves,  in  Shape  fomewhat 
like  thofe  of  the  Bay-tree,  but  nar- 
rower; and  of  a  light  green  Colour, 
tuil  oi  Veins,  and  not  fo  thick  as 


D  o 

the  Bay-leaf.    Thfe  Inhabitants  of 
the  Iflands  have  given  it  the  Name 
of  Hop-tree,   from    fome   Refem- 
blance,  as  they  fuppofe,  the  Bladders 
of  this  Tree  have  to  the  Hop.     In 
feveral  of  the  Gardens  in  Europe^ 
where  this  Plant  has  been  preferved, 
they  have  been  fhewn  for  the  true 
Tea,  to  which  it  has  no  Affinity ; 
but  it  ferves  to  amufe  Perfons  who 
have  little  Knowlege  in  Plants. 

The  Seeds  of  this  Tree  are  fre- 
quently brought  from  America ;  and 
the  Plants  come  up  very  freely, 
when  the  Seeds  are  fown  upon  a 
good  Hot  bed ;  and  the  Plants  will 
make  great  Progrcfs  the  firft  Year; 
but  are  very  fubjed  to  decay  the 
firft  Winter,  efpecially  if  they  are 
treated  too  tenderly  :  therefore  they 
fhould  be  hardened  by  degrees  in  the 
Summer ;  and  if  they  are  placed  in 
a  moderate  Stove  in  Winter,  they 
will  fucceed  better  than  in  a  greater 
Heat. 

DOG'S  TOOTH.  Vide  Dens 
Canis. 

DOG- WOOD .     Fide  Comus. 

DORIA.  Fide  Solidago  (sT 
Othonna. 

DORONICUM,  Leopards-banc. 
The  CbaraSlers  are ; 

//  hath  an  intricate  knotted  Rmt : 
the  Lfa*V€%  are  produced  alternately  on 
the  Branches :  the  Stalks  are  a  little 
branched  :*  the  Flo'ujers  fnvbich  grew 
on  the  Tops  of  the  Stalks)  are  radiated 
like  the  greater  Startvort  r  the  Half 
floret  Sy  in  the  Difk  of  the  Flower  ^  are 
trifid:  the  Cup  of  the  Flower  is  rjr- 
pandedf  and  cut  into  many  Parti  al- 
mof  to  the  Bottom^  and  is  not  fcaly ; 
but  tachfingle  Segment  is  in  the  lirm 
ofte  Difk, 

1  he  Species  are ; 

I.  DoRONicUM  re  dice  forpii, 
C.  B,  Scorpion-rooted  Leopards- 
bane. 

3.  Do« 


D  O 

2.  D'ORONICUM  plant aginh  folio, 
C  B.  Plantain-leav'd  Leopards- 
bane. 

3.  DoRONicVM  plantaginis  folio ^ 
€iUirwn,  C.  B.  Another  plantain- 
leaved  Leopards- bane. 

4.  Do  RON  I  CUM  plantagimt  folio^ 
htrfuium,  VailL  Rough  plantain- 
lea  vM  Leopards- bane. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  fome- 
times  ufed  in  Medicine  with  ns,  as 
is  the  third  Sort  in  Gtrwrnny :  thefe 
are  all  Plants  of  no  great  Beauty ; 
but  as  they  will  thrive  in  almoft  any 
Soil  or  Situation,  they  may  be  allow- 
ed a  Place  in  a  ihady  Border,  for 
Variety- fake.  They  all  increafe  a- 
bundantly  by  their  fpreading  Roots, 
which  maybe  parted  either  in  Spring 
or  Autumn ;  as  alfo  by  Seeds,  which 
(hould  be  foon  after  they  are  ripe. 
They  produce  their  Flowers  for  fe- 
veral  Months  in  the  Summer,  as  in 
Mij9  June^  July,  and  Augufti  and 
their  Seeds  ripen  foon  after. 

DORSTENI A  [this  Plant  was  fo 
named  by  Father  Plumier^  from  Dr. 
Dorften^  a  Gtrman  Phyfician,  who 
pabli(hed  an  Hiflory  of  Plants  in 
Folio],  Contrayerva. 

The  CbaraSers  are ; 

It  bath  a  thick  flejhy  Placenta, 
'which  is  fiat ^  andfituated  'vertically ; 
upon 'which  are  placed  mavf  apetaims 
Flov)erSf  tvhich  are  fucceeded  hy 
roufidijb  Seeds,  fomrwhat  like  thoje 
ofGrom'welj  hut  fmaller. 
The  Species  ar^j 

1.  DoRSTENiA  dent  aria .  raeSce, 
Jphondy  Hi  folio,  placenta  ovali.  Houfi, 
Contrayerva  with  a  Tooth  wort- root, 
Cowparfnep  leaf,  and  an  oval  Pla^ 
centa, 

2.  DoRsTENiA  dent  aria  radice, 
folio  minus  laciniato,  placenta  qua- 
drangular i  ^  undulata,  Houjl,  Con- 
trayerva with  a  Tooth  wort- root,  lefs 
jagged  Leaf,  and  a  quadrangular 
undi^lated  Placenta* 


D  o 

3.  'DoMTt.nihfphondyliifiliofe 
rato,  placenta  quadrangulari,  radtct 
dentetria,  Contrayerva  with  a  Tooth* 
wort-root,  fawed  Cow-par(htfp-leaf, 
and  a  quadrangular  Placenta. 

The  firfl  of  thefe  Plants  was  diT- 
covered  by  my  late  ingenious  Friend 
Dr.  William  Houftoun,  near  Old  Vera 
CruK  in  New  Spain.  The  feoond 
was  found,  by  the  fame  Gentleman^ 
on  the  rocky  Grounds  about  Cam- 
pechy.  The  third  Sort  was  found 
in  great  Plenty  in  th&Ifland  of  T^i- 
i^g^t  by  Mr.  Robert  Millar,  Sur- 
geon. But  the  Roots  of  all  thefa 
Species  are  indifferently  brought 
over,  and  nfed  in  Medicine,  and 
for  Dyeing. 

Thefe  I?ants  are  at  prefent  very 
rare  in  Europe,  nor  was  it  known 
what  the  Plant  was,  whofe  Roots 
were  imported,  and  had  been  long 
nfed  in  Medicine  in  England,  until 
the  late  Dr.  Houftoun  informed  us : 
for  altho*  Father  Plumier  had  dif- 
covered  one  Species  of  this  Plants 
and  given  the  Name  of  Dorftenia  to 
the  Genus ;  yet  he  feems  not  to  have 
known,  that  the  Contrayerva  was 
the  Root  of  that  Plant. 

It  will  be  difHcult  to  obtain  thefe 
Plants,  becaufe  the  Seeds  are  feldosi 
to  be  found  good ;  nor  will  they 
grow,  if  they  are  kept  long  out  of 
the  Ground  ^  io  that  the  only  fure 
Method  to  obtain  them  is,  to  have 
the  Roots  taken  up  at  the  time  when 
their  Leaves  begin  to  decay,  and 
planted  pretty  dofein  Boxes  of  Earth, 
which  may  be  brought  very  fafe  to 
England;  provided  they  are  pre- 
ferved  from  Salt-water,  and  are  not 
over- watered  with  frcfh  Water  in 
their  PafTage :  when  the  Plants  ar- 
rive, they  fhould  b&  tranfplanted 
each  into  a  feparate  Pot  filled  with 
freih  Earth,  and  plunged  into  the 
Bark-ftove,  which  (hould  be  kept  to 
a  moderate  Heat ;   and  the  Plants 

muft 


D  O 

ainft  be  frequently  refreOted  with 
Water,  during  the  Summer-fearon ; 
but  in  Winter,  when  the  Leaves  are 
decayed,  it  fhould  be  given  to  them 
more  fparingly :  with  this  Manage- 
ment tbefe  Plant!  may  not  only  be 
maintained,  but  may  be  alfo  incroaf- 
cd  by  parting  their  Roots  io  the 
Spring,  before  the  Plants  put  out 
their  Leaves. 

DORYCNIUM,  Shrub  TrcfoH. 
Tht CJbaraden  are; 

Tif  Empaltment  of  the  Flonjoer  is 
tf  9ni  Leaf  tubulousj  and  cut  into 
fi*ue  equal  Segmeuit :  the  ^/otver  is 
papilionaceous^  the  Standard  being 
nfirtically  beart^foaped^  the  Wings 
being  long^  and  the  Keel  Jhort :  after 
the  Flonver  ispaf^  the  Pointal  changes 
to  a  round-pointed  Pod^  opening  both 
Ways  J  having  one  Cell^  in  which  arg 
lodged  one  or  tnjoo  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  DoRYCNiVM  foliis   digitatis 
fejfilihus.  Lin,  Hort,   Cliff.     Shrub 

Trefoil  of  Montpeliery  with  divided 
Leaves  growing  clofe  to  the  Branches. 

2.  DotiX CH IV u  foliis  Jimplicibus 
ovatis,  Flor.  Leyd,  Montpelier  Trc- 
foily  wi(h  iingle  ova!  Leaves. 

The  firlt  Sort  is  a  low  Shrub, 
which  rifes  to  the  Height  of  four  or 
five  Feet ;  and  has  many  irregular 
Branches,  which  are  very  (lender, 
and  thinly  gamiihed  with  fmall  di- 
vided Leaves.  The  Flowers  are 
white,  fmall,  and  produced  in  fmall 
Cluders  at  the  End  of  the  Shoots, 
which  have  little  Beauty;  fo  is  not 
much  cultivated  in  England \  being 
only  preferved  for  Variety  in  thofc 
Gardens,  where  other  Exotic  Plants 
are  kept. 

This  Shrub  will  endure  the  Cold 
of  our  ordinary  Winters  very  well 
in  the  open  Air,  being  never  injured 
but  by  fevere  Froft :  it  fliould  be 
planted  on  a  dry  Soil,  and  in  a  (hel- 
tered  Situation,  where  it  will  flower^ 


D  o 

and  npen  Seeds  every  Year :  it  may 
^be  eafily  propagated  by  fowing  the 
Seeds  on  a  Bed  of  frelh  light  Earth  in 
Spring ;  or  if  the  Seeds  are  permit- 
ted to  fall,  the  Plants  will  come  up 
the  following  Spring ;  and  may  be 
tranfplanted  into  a  Nurfery,  or  where 
they  are  to  remain  the  Autumn  fol- 
lowing. 

The  fecond  fort  is  an  annual  Plant; 
the  Seeds  of  this  mull  be  fown  upon 
a  moderate  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring; 
and  when  the  Plants  come  up,  they 
muH  be  removed  into  a  frefh  Hoc- 
bed,  to  bring  the  Plants  forward, 
otherwife  they  will  not  perfcd  their 
Seeds  in  England,  There  is  no  great 
Beauty  in  this  Plant ;  but  it  is  pre- 
ferved in  Botanic  Gardens  for  the 
fake  of  Variety. 

DOUGLASSIA. 

This  Plant  was  fo  named  by  the 
late  Dr.  William  Hcujioun^    in  Ho- 
nour to  Dr.  James  Dougla/s,  an  emi- 
nent Phyfician  at  London, 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

//  hath  an  eaiomalosu  Flotjoer^  re«- 
fifting  of  one  Leaf^  luhofe  lo'wer  Part 
is  tubulous,  but  the  upper  Part  is  eX" 
pandedy  and  di*vid(d  into  fi*ve  Sfg- 
ments :  but  the  Tube  isfiut  at  the  7p/, 
out  of^whicb  arife  Jour  long  Stamina, 
ttwo  fpreading  on  each  Side  the  Coral \ 
and  t*wo  Jhort  onesy  fpreading  on  eacb 
Side  bettween  the  lunger:  the  Fruity 
ivhicb  is  roundijhy  is  dinjided  into  tKJVo 
Parts f  ivhieh  contain  tivo  Seeds. 

There  is  but  one  Sort  of  this  Plaat 
at  prefent  known  i  viz. 

DovGLAS&iAfrutefcens  ^Jpin&fuy 
ligufri folio,  fore  albo.  Hcujf.  Puliu- 
ro  ajf.nis  ligujlp folia  Jpincfa,  fsre 
monopttalo  dlfformiy  frudu  ficco  Jub- 
rotundo.  Sloan.  Cat.  yam,  Shribbf 
prickly  Douglailia,  with  a  Fnvet- 
leaf,  and- a  white  Flower. 

This  Shrub  grows  in  great  Plenty 
10  the  Woods  and  Savannas  in  Ja* 
maica  and  Barbados ;  where  it  rifes 

to 


DO  D  R 

to  the  Height  of  ten  or  twelve  Feet,  tbc  Stove,  and  plunged  into  the 
and  fpreads  into  many  Branches ;  at  Bark-bed,  for  the  Winter- feafoik 
the  Extremity  whereof,  as  alfo  from  In  the  Winter  thefe  Plants  muft  be 
the  Wings  of  the  Leaves,  there  are  frequently  watered ;  but  there  (hould 
fent  forth  Clufters  of  white  Flowers,  not  be  too  inuch  given  to  them  at 
which  are  fucceeded  by  ronndifh  each  time ;  but  in  Summer  they  will 
Fruit.  require  to  be  more  plentifully  wa- 

it may  be  propagated  by  Seeds,    tered.    Thefe  Plants,  being  Natives 
which  muft  be  obtained  from  the    of  warm  Countries,  will  not  thrive 
Countries  of  its  Growth ;  for  it  doth    without  artificial  Heat  in  this  Coun- 
not  produce  Seeds  in  this  Country,    try;  fo  they  muft  be  placed  in  a 
This  Seed  muft  be  fown  in  Pots  filled    Stove  in  Winter  ;  but  they  may  be 
rich  light  Earth,  and  then  plunged    placed  abroad  in  Summer,  when  the 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark,    Weather  is  warm.     With  this  Ma- 
obferving  to  water  the  Pots  frequent-    nagement  the  Plants  will  make  good 
ly,  to  luep  the  Earth  moift,  other-    Progrefs  &  and  in  two  or  three  Yean 
vkt  the  Seeds  will  not  vegetate ;    will  begin  to  produce  their  Flowers, 
for  they  often  remain  in  the  Ground    and  will  continue  feyeral  Years  to 
a  whole  Year,  before  the  Plants  will    flower ;  but  they  never  produce  ripe 
come  up ;  fo  that  when  they  do  not    Seeds  in  this  Country,  but  it  may 
come  up  the  firft  Year,   the  Pots    be  propagaied  by  Cuttings.     This 
ihould  remain  in  the  Hot- bed  all  the    Plant  continues  green  throughout  the 
Winter,  and.be  plunged  into  a  frefli    Year ;  fo  will  afibrd  an  agreeable 
Hot-bed  in  Marcif  following ;  and.    Variety  in  the  Stove,  among  other 
if  the  Seeds  were  good,  the  Plants    tender  Exotic  Plants  of  the  fiune 
will  appear  in  Jpn/f  or  the  Begin-    Country. 

mng  of  May ;    foon   after  which        DRACO   HERB  A,    Tana^a, 
they  may  be  tranfplanted  :    when    vulgo,     Fidi  Abrotanum. 
they  ihould  be  carefully  ihaken  out        DRACO  ARBOR.  Vidg  Palma. 
of  the  Pots,  and  feparated,  being        DR ACOCEPH ALON,  Dragon^t 
cautious,    in  parting  their  Fibres,    Head, 
not  to  tear  them ;  then  plant  each  The  CharaStrs  are ; 

into  a  feparate  fmall  Pot  filled  with         //  hath  a  labiated  Flowtr  ctmjtftimg 
rich  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into    ofoneLtafy  nuho/euppir  Lip^  ^hick 
the  Hot-bed  again,  being  careful  to    is  creftcd^  and  its  under  Up^  nvbicb 
(hade  the  Plants   until   they    have    is  divided  into  thrte  Segments^  end  m 
taken  Root;  after  which  time  they    Chaps  or  Jaws^  andbantitbi  Repr^ 
muft  be  duty  watered ;  and  the  Giaf-   fentation  of  a  Dragon^ s  Head:  9set  of 
fesof  the  Hotbed  muft  be  raifed    the  Flower- cup  ri/es  the  Pointai^  fixed. 
every   Day,    in  proportion  to  the    like  a  Nail  in  the  hinder  Part  of  the  ' 
Warmth  of  the  Seafon,    to  admit    Flower  \  and  is  accompamed  by  four 
freih  Air  to  the  Plants,  that  they    Embryoesy   *o:hich    ieccmt  fo    mauy 
may  inpreafe  in  Strength,  in  propor-    Seeds ,  Jhut  up  in  the  flower^tup* 
tion  to  their  growing  in  Height.  7  he  Species  are ; 

Thefe  Plants  may  remain  in  the  i.  Dracocethalon  foliis  fim* 
Hot- bed  until  Michaelmas  (provided  pUcibus,  floribus  fpicatis.  Idn,  Hort, 
there  is  room  for  theip  to  ftand  with-*  C//^.  Jmerican  Dragon's  Head, 
out  touching  of  the  GlaiTes) ;  then  with  fingle  Leaves,  and  fpiked 
fhe  Plana  ftiould  be  remove^  in^o    Flowers. 

7  a.  Daa* 


D  R 

^.  DftAC&CEFHALOV  Jlonhui  f^^ 

ttOitf  foUit  €9mpofitu,  Un.  Hart. 
Cliff.  Dragon's  Head  with  fpiked 
Flowera,  and  compoand  Leaves, 
coaunonly  called  BaUm  of  GiUad. 

3.  Dracocephalon  floribus  ver^ 
ticillatiSf  foliu  ovt^tO'lmnceoiatis,  Lin, 
Hort.  Ciiff.  Dragon*8  Head  with 
Fk>wers  growing  in  Whorles,  and 
oval  fpear-fliaped  Leaves,  commonly 
called  MftUkfvian  Balm. 

4.  DRACOCBPHALON^^rr^^CVr- 

tieiUatisj  folih  fiinralihui  orhiculatis. 
Lh.  Hor/.  Cliff.  Dragon's  Head 
with  Flowers  growing  in  Whorles, 
and  the  upper  Leaves  roand,  com- 
numly  called  Willow-leav*d  Eailem 
MoUunfuim  Balm. 

5 .  Da  A  COCE  P  H  A  LO  N  JkrihuS  HiiT' 

iidllatiSf  brands  ablongii,  ferraturis 
^nojuffoliis  tomentojis.  Hari.  Upfal. 
Dragon's  Head  with  Flowers  grow- 
ing in  Whorles,  and  the  little  Leaves 
nndcr  the  Flowers  fawed,  ending  in 
Spinesy  and  woolly  Leaves^  com- 
monly called  Eallern  MoUwuimn 
Balm. 

6.  DRACOCEPHALON,/^I^WZr«r- 

tidHutis^  bra&iis  nhlongis  oniati^  tit' 
fig^rrimiSf  eorollis  calyce  multotits 
majoribus,  Hort,  Upfal,  Dragon's 
Head  with  Flowers  growing  in 
Whorles,  the.fmall  Leaves  under 
the  flowers  oblong  and  intire,  and 
the  Flowers  much  larger  than  the 
Empatement. 

7.  Dracocefhalonj^oW^*/ v^. 
ticillatij,  brands  obhngis  integerri- 
miSf  coroliis  *vix  calyam  ^quantibus. 
Hort.  UffaL  Dragon's  Head  with 
Flowers  growing  in  Whorles,  the 
fmall  Leaves  oblong  ap.d  intire,  and 
the  Flowers  equal  with  the  Empale- 
ment.* 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  North 
America^  where  it  grows  in  the 
"Woods,  and  by  the  Sides  of  Rivers. 
This  Sort  grows  abont  two  Feet  and 
an  half  high,  producing  its  Flowers 


D  R 

in  Spikes,  on  the  Tops  of  the  Stalb, 
which  are  of  a  purple  Colour.  This 
is  a  perennial  Plant,  which  will 
live  in  the  open  Air ;  bot  requires  a 
moift  Soil,  or  (hoold  be  duly  wa- 
tered in  dry  Weather ;  ocherwifetk 
Ijeaves  will  (brink,  and  the  Flowcn 
will  make  no  Appearance.  As  tku 
is  an  hardy  Plant,  it  may  be  allowed 
a  Place  in  the  Garden,  fince  it  will 
not  ramble,  or  take  up  much  rooa: 
it  flowers  in  Jtdy^  and  coniinucs 
until  the  Middle  or  find  of  Augt^x 
and  nuy  be  propagated  by  parting 
of  the  Roots  in  Autunm. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 
the  Canary  I  Hands,  and  hath  beea 
long  an  Inhabitant  in  the  Gardens: 
it  is  ufually  called  by  the  Gardeners 
Balm  of  Gilead^  from  the  flrong 
reiinous  Scent  which  the  Leaves  enic 
on  being  rubbed.  This  is  a  peren- 
nial Plant,  and  ufually  kept  inGrees- 
houfes;  but,  in  mild  Winters,  the 
Plants  will  live  abroad,  if  they  are 
planted  in  warm  Borders ;  and  tfaofe 
Plants  which  are  kept  in  Pots,  will 
thrive  much  better,  when  they  are 
iheltered  under  a  Frame,  than  if 
placed  in  a  Green- houfe,  where  the 
Plants  are  apt  to  draw  up  weak ;  for 
they  fhoald  have  as  moch  free  Air 
as  poffible,  in  inild  Weather ;  and 
only  require  to  be  flidtered  from 
fevere  Froft.  This  may  be  pro- 
pagated by  Seeds  or  Cuttings;  which, 
if  planted  in  a  fliady  Border,  any 
time  in  Summer,  will  immediately 
take  Root,  and  fumtih  plenty  of 
rooted  Plants. 

The  third  Sort  is  a  Native  of  Jfr/- 
da*uia :  this  has  been  long  preferved 
in  curious  Gardens.  It  is  an  annual 
Plant,  whofe  Seeds  fhouM  be  fowa 
in  iinali  Patches,  in  the  Spring, 
upon  the  Borders,  where  they  are 
to  remain.  Of  this  there  is  a  Va- 
riety with  white  Flowers,  which  is 
pretty   oomfion  in   the  Gardens. 

TWc 


D  R  D  R 

Tlttfe  Plants  bave  a  flrong  Sceat  oa  6.  Dracuncvujs  Indtau^  filh^ 

being  rubbed.  qmnfuifido,  Tomm.     InMan  Dcagoa^ 

The  fourth  and  fifth  Sorts  were  with  a  quinquifid  Leaf, 
difcovered  by  Dr.  TVivrxr^r/ in  the  7.    Dhacunculus    Amaieaimr^ 
Arcbipilago^  who  fent  their  Seeds  to  tolocajue  filHs    laciniatis*      Toum^ 
the  Royal  Garden  at  Paris ^  which  j^mr««DragOD«  with  a  jagged  Co- 
have  fince  been  commanicated  to  locafia-leaf. 

aiany   curious  Gardens  in  Europe,  8.    Dracuncvlus     Anuric^mus 

The    fourth  Sore  has  -vtry   fmaU  fcaudem,  triphylius  ^  auritus.  Tonnu 

Flowersy  which  snake  no  great  Ap«  Climbing  American  Dragon,   witht 

pearance;  therefore  is  feldom  cid-  three  Leaves,  which  have  Ears  tOt 

tivated  :   bin  the  fifth  Sort  defervea  them. 

a  Place,  for  the  handfome  Appear^  9.     Dracunculus     poljphyllut 

ance  which  the  Flowers  make  during  major  Indicut  /erotinns,  immaculate 

their  Continaance»    which  is  near  cauU,  Toum.    Greater  m&ny-leav^4 

two  Nfonths.  Iste  InJiam  Dragon,  with  an  unfpot* 

The  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts  are  ted  Stalk. 

Natives  of  Tartary^  and  have  been  10.    Dracunculus    Zeylanicug 

latdy  introdoced  into  the  Englijb  polyphylius^  caule  a/pero  ex  fia*vo  bf 

Gardens.    Thefe  are  both  annual  'viridi   'variegato,    Toum.     Many* 

Plants,  which  may  be  cultivated  by  leav*d  Dragon   of  Ceylon,   with  a 

lowing  of  their  Seeds  in  the  fame  rough  Stalk  variegated  with  yellow 

manner  as  is  direAed  for  the  former  and  green. 

Sorts.     The  fixth  Sort  is  worthy  of  11.   Dracunculus     Zeylanicut 

a  Place  in  good  Gardens ;    but  the  fpino/us,  polypodii  foliis,   radice  re* 

feventh    is    a  Plant    of  no   great  pente,    Tourn,     Prickly  Dragon  of 

Beauty.  Ceyion^  with  Polypody-leaves,  and  a 

DRACUNCULUS,  Dragon,  creeping  Root. 

The  C^orii^^ri  are ;  12.  Dracunculus    Americanus^ 

The  Leaves  are  like  thofe  ofAntm,  caule  a/pero  puniceo,  radice  cyclamiuism 

bm  are  divided  into  many  Parts :  the  Toum,     American  Dragon,  with  a 

StalA  is  /potted}  hut  in  other  refpeSi  rough  fcarlet  Stalk,  and  a  Root  like 

if  agrees  with  the  Arum.  that  of  Sowbread. 

The  5^/aV/ are ;  13.  Dracu)k:ulus   Americamu 

1.  Dracunculus  poljphylhs.  fcandens.Toum.  Climbing  ^«i/nV4i« 
C.  B,    Many-leav'd  Dragon.  Dragpn. 

2.  Dracunculus  polyphyllms,  14.  Dracunculus  Zeylanicus 
foliis  ex  Ittteo  varifgatis,  H.  R,  Par.  poljphyllus,  caule  a/pero  vire/anteg 
The  yellow  ilrip*d-leav*d  Dragon.  maculis  albicantihus  notato.   Tourn. 

3.  Dracunculus  poljphyllus^  Many-leav'd  Dragon  of  Ceybm,  with 
foliis  ex  albo  variegatis.  The  white  a  rough  green  Stalk  marked  with 
ftrip'd-leavM  Dragon.  whitiih  Spots. 

4.  Dracunculus  Canadenfis  1^.  Dilacunculus  Americanos 
irjpbyllus  pumilus.  Tourn.  Dwarf  fcandens,  foliis  amplis  pefforatis. 
Canadfy  Dragon,  with  three  Leaves.  Climbing  American  Dragon,   with 

5.  Dracunculus   Indicus,  folio  ample  Leaves,  which  are  perforated. 
trifido,  Tourn,  Indian  Dragon,  with  The  firft  of  the(e  Sorts  is  rultt- 
A  trifid  Leaf.  vated  in  Gardens  for  medicinal  Ul'es  1 

the 


D  R 

file  two  oezt  are  Varieties  of  the 
irfl,  which  are  preferved  in  curioas 
Garden^  of  Plants.  Thefe»  tho' 
they  are  Plants  of  no  great  B^uty. 
yet,  for  the  furprifing  Oddnefs  of 
their  Flowers,  together  with  their 
fpotted  Stalks,  dderve  a  Place  in 
lome  remote  Comer  of  the  Garden. 
•  They  are  propagated  by  their 
knobby  Roots,  which,  if  fuffered  to 
icmain  two  or  three  Years  undif* 
tarbed,  will  afford  many  OfF-fets. 
The  beft  Seafon  for  tranfplanting 
thefe  Roots  is  in  Autumn,  foon  after 
the  green  Leaves  decay ;  for  if  they 
are  remored  after  they  have  taken 
frefli  Root,  and  begun  to  {hoot,  they 
Iddom  produce  Flowers  the  fuc- 
ceeding  Summer  ;  or  if  they  do, 
riwy  are  \tTy  weak :  thefe  will  thrive 
almoft  in  any  Soil  and  Situation ; 
but  beft  in  an  open  Expofure,  and 
a  light  Soil. 

The  foarth  and  fifth  Sorts  are  Na- 
tives <ii  Virginiay  and  fome  of  the 
Northern  Parts  of  America ;  fo  are 
hardy  enough  to  bear  the  Cold  of 
England  in  the  open  Air ;  but  thefe 
delight  in  moiil  Soils,  and  a  fhady 
Situation. 

All  the  other  Sorts  of  Dragon  are 
▼ery  tender  Plants;  fo  will  not  Jive 
in  this  Country,  unlefs  they  are  pre- 
ferved in  the  warmed  Stoves :  the 
feveral  American  Sorts  grow  naturally 
in  the  Woods  in  Jamaica,  and  other 
hot  Parts  of  America :  the  climbing 
Sorts  twift  themfelves  round  the 
Trunks  of  Trees,  into  which  they 
faften  their  Roots,  which  arc  fent 
forth  from  their  Joints ;  and  rife  to 
the  Height  of  thirty  or  forty  Feet. 
Thefe  climbing  Sorts  are  eafily  pro- 
pagated by  Cuttings,  which,  being 
very  fucculent,  may  be  brought  over 
to  England  in  a  Box  of  dry  Hay,  if 
they  are  packed  up  feparate,  fo  as 
not  to  injure  each  other  by  the 
Moiflure,  which  is  apt  to  flow  out 


D  R 

at  the  Part  where  they  are  cut  olF; 
which  may  occaiion  a  Ferme&tadoB» 
and  thereby  rot  the  Cuttings.  When 
the  Cuttings  arrive,  they  fhonld  be 
planted  in  fmall  Pots  £lkd  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
an  Hot-bed  of  Tannen  Bark  ;  being 
ytry  careful  not  to  let  them  kive  too 
much  Moifture  until  they  have  taken 
Root,  left  it  rot  them :  when  tfa^ 
have  taken  Root,  they  moft  be  fre- 
quently refreihed  with  Water ;  and 
when  they  are  grown  pretty  large, 
they  ihould  be  placed  in  the  Bark- 
bed  in  the  Stove,  where  they  mail  be 
placed  near  fome  ftrong  Plants,  to 
which  they  may  faften  themielves, 
otherwife  they  will  not  thrive;  for 
tho*  they  will  fend  forth  Roots  at 
their  Joints,  which  will  faften  to  the 
Morter  of  the  Stove,  when  placed 
againft  the  Wall ;  yet  they  will  not 
thrive  near  fo  well  as  againft  a  ftrong 
Plant,  which  will  afford  them  Nos- 
riOiment. 

The  other  Sorts  are  propagated 
by  OfF-fets  from  their  Roots ;  thefe 
may  be  procured  from  the  Coun- 
tries of  their  Growth,  and  (hould 
be  planted  in  Tubs  of  Earth,  about 
a  Month  before  they  are  put  on 
board  the  Ship  to  tranfport  them. 
Thefe  Tubs  fliould  be  placed  in  a 
fhady  Situation,  until  they  have 
taken  Root ;  but  they  fhould  not 
have  much  Water  given  to  them, 
left  it  rot  them.  In  their  PafTage 
great  Care  (hould  be  had  to  keep 
them  from  Salt-water,  as  alfo  not 
to  let  them  have  too  much  Water 
given  them ;  for  if  they  have  a  little 
Water  once  or  twice  a  Week,  at  moft, 
while  they  are  in  an  hot  Climate,  and, 
when  they  come  into  a  cooler  Cli- 
mate, once  in  a  Fortnight,  thu  will 
be  fufiicient  for  them;  and  it  fhoald 
be  done  fparingly,  left  it  rot  them : 
for  if  the  Tops  of  the  Plants  fhould 
decay  for  want  of  Water  in  their 

PaiFag^ 


E  C 

PaflTage,  if  the  Roots  are  not  rotted, 
they  will  foon  recover  with  proper 
Care. 

When  the  Plants  arrive,  they 
ihould  be  tranfplaoted  into  Pots  filled 
with  frefh  light  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark, 
and  gently  watered,  until  they  have 
taken  good  Root ;  after  which  time 
they  will  require  to  be  frequently 
refreihed  with  Water;  but  as  their 
Stems  are  very  fucculent,  they  mnft 
not  have  too  much  Moifture.  Thefe 
Plants  ihould  be  conftantly  kept  in 
the  Stove,  where  in  hot  Weather 
they  (hould  have  frefh  Air  admitted 
to  them  ;  bat  in  Winter  they  muft 
be  kept  very  warm,  otherwife  they 
cannot  be  preferved  in  this  Coun- 
try. 

Thefe  Plants  will  rife  to  the  Height 
of  three,  four,  or  Bve  Feet ;  and 
will  afford  a  very  agreeable  Variety 
amongd  other  tender  Exotic  Plants 
in  the  Stove. 

The  climbing  Sort,  with  perfo- 
rated Leaves,  is  now  pretty  com- 
mon in  the  curious  Gardens  in  Eng- 
land:  the  Cuttings  of  this  Sort  were 
fcnt  from  the  Wtft'In£es  by  Mr.  Ro- 
htrt  Millar^  Surgeon. 

DRACUNCULUS  PRATEN- 
SIS     Vide  Ptarmica. 

DRAGON.    Vide  Dracunculus. 

DROSION.     Vide  Ros  Solis. 

DULCAMARA.    Vide^^Xzr 
'Aum. 


Se««4p4p<»<#4^'t4'4>##4^«l>t'3S 


E    B 

EBULUS.      Vide    Sambucus 
humilis. 
hCHlNOMELOC  ACTUS.  Vidi 
Cadus. 


E  C 

ECHINOPHORA,  Prickly- 
headed  Parfnep. 

The  CbaraBers  are ; 

The  Cuf  of  the  Flower  conjtfts  ofoni 
Leaf 9  'which  is  dintidedintoji've  Parts  ^ 
and  expands  in  firm  of  a  Star^  in 
tvhich  is  included  the  Footjlalk  of  ibt 
Umbel:  the  Fruit  confifts  of  one  pricify 
Veffel^  in  ivhicb  is  contained  one  long 
Seed. 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant ;  which  is, 

EcHiNOPHORA  paftinaca  folio , 
C.  B.  Echinophpra  with  a  Parfnep-' 
leaf. 

There  is  no  great  Ufe  or  Beauty 
in  this  Plant ;  but  it  is  preferved  in 
curious  Botanic  Gardens,  forVariety- 
fake.  It  may  be  propagated  by 
fowing  the  Seeds  fooo  after  they  are 
ripe,  or  very  early  in  the  Spring  { 
and  when  the  Plants  are  come  up, 
they  ihould  be  lingled  out,  fo  as  to 
remain  about  eight  or  ten  Inches 
afunder.  The  fecond  Year  after 
fowing  they  will  produce  ripe  Seeds. 

ECHINOPUS,  Globc-thiftlt^ 
^ulgo. 

The  CharaSers  are  ; 
//  hath  the  nuhole  Appearance  of 
a  Thijlle:  the  Leases  are  produced 
alternately :  the  Florets  confift  of  one 
Leaf  ivhich  is  di<vided  into  fi<ve  Seg" 
ments,  and  is  hollotv  ;  and  each  Jingle 
Floret  has  a  fcaly  Cup:  th%  Florets 
are  c  lleBed  into  a  J^herical  Head, 
nuhich  has  one  common  Cup  or  Co' 
'uering. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  EcHiNOPus  major.  J,  B, 
Greater  Globe-thiftle. 

2.  EcHTNOPUS    major   humiHor^ 
floribus  albidis,  Flor,  Bat.     Greater 
Dwarf  Globe-thifUe,   with  whitifli 
Flowers. 

3.  EcHiNOPUS  minor  annuus,  ca* 
pite  magno.  Toum.  Lefler  annual 
GlobC'Chiflle,  with  a  large  Head. 

Tht 


E  C 

The  firft  of  tbde  Plants  hath  been 
as  old  Inhabitant  of  the  Englijb 
Gardens;  where  it  hath  had  a  Place 
more  for  Variety,  than  any  parti- 
colar  Beauty. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Variety 
which  hath  been  obtained  from  Seeds 
of  the  former.  Thefe  Plants  may 
be  propagated  by  fowing  their  Seeds 
in  the  Spring,  in  a  light  Soil :  and 
when  the  Plants  are  ftrong  enough 
to  remo?e»  they  may  be  tranfplanted 
into  the  Middle  of  large  Borders, 
or  in  any  abjedl  Part  of  the  Garden ; 
for  they  are  too  large  to  (land  among 
nicer  Plants,  which  would  be  greatly 
injured  by  their  large  Leaves.  The 
fecond  Year  after  fowing  they  will 
produce  Flowers ;  and  if  the  Autumn 
IS  not  too  cold  or  wet,  will  perfed 
Seeds :  but  the  Roots  of  thefe  abide 
three  or  four  Years,  and  produce 
Flowers  and  Seeds  annually. 

The  third  Sort  is  an  annual  Plant, 
and  requires  to  be  fown  early ;  as 
alfo  to  have  an  open  warm  Situation; 
other  wife  it  will  not  produce  good 
Seeds  in  this  Country.  This  riant 
is  of  fmsdl  Growth;  fo  may  be 
allowed  to  have  a  Place  in  a 
warm  Border,  amongfl  other  curious 
Plants. 

ECHIUM,  Viper's  Buglofs. 
The  Chambers  are  i 

3'^4  Cup  of  tht  Flower  is  large ^ 
anddi'vided  into  fifut  longjliuder  Seg- 
ments :  the  Flo*wer  conjifis  of  one  Leafy 
is  Jhafed  like  a  Funnely  and  fomenxfbat 
inflededy  ba*ving  its  Upper  -  part 
firet€b^d  out  to  a  greater  Length  than 
the  lo^er  :  the  Upper-part  or  Gal^a 
of  the  Flo*wer  is  divided  into  t<wo, 
and  the  Lonjuer-part  or  Beard  into 
three  Parts :  in  the  Middle  of  the 
Flo-wer  are  produced  frve  Stamina, 
or  Threads p  ^which  are  refitxed:  each 
FlotAjer  is  fucceeded  by  four  Seeds^ 
nvhich  are  in  form  rf  es  Viper* t 
H$ad* 


•E  C 

The  Species  are; 

1.  EcHiuM  vulgare,  C.  B,  Com- 
mon Viper's  Buglofs. 

2.  EcHiUM  majits  &  ajjperiusy 
flore  alho.  C.  B,  Great  rough  Vi- 
per's Buglofs,  with  a  white  Flower. 

3.  EcHiUM    majus    &    afperius^ 
Jlore    dilute    purpureo.     Boi.  Momf. 
Great  rough  Viper's  Buglofs,  widi 
a  Flower  of  a  pale-purple  Coloar. 

4.  EcHiUM  amplijfimo  felio^  La- 
ftanicum,  Toum,  Portugal  Viper's 
Buglofs,  with  a  large  hal. 

c.  EcHiUM  Creticam  latifoUmm 
rubrum,  C,B.  Broad-leav'd  Cunfig 
Viper's  Buglofs,  with  a  red  Flower. 

6.  EcHiUM  Creticum  angufifi£mm 
rubrum,  C.  B.  Narrow -lea  v'd  Cam- 
dia  Viper's  Buglofs,  with  a  red 
Flower. 

7.  EcHiVM  foliis  etngufiis  CsT  <ml' 
lofis,  Toum, "  Viper's  Buglofs,  with 
narrow  hairy  Leaves. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  preferved  in 
curious  Botanic  Gardens ;  but  thefe 
here- mentioned  are  the  chief  Sorts 
which  I  have  obferved  in  EngUad. 
The  firft  Sort  is  found  wild  npon  diy 
chalky  Hills,  and  gravelly  Soils,  in 
divers  Parts  of  England ^  and  is  (bme^ 
times  nfed  in  Medicine :  but  there 
are  none  of  .*^he  Varieties  which  are 
cultivated  for  their  Beauty  ;  diough 
I  think  the  firfl,  fifth,  and  fixth  Sorts 
deferve  a  Place  in  fome  dry  abjed 
Part  of  the  Garden,  where  little  ^e 
will  grow,  for  the  fake  of  Variety, 
and  the  long  Continuance  of  their 
Flowers.  They  are  all  of  them  bi- 
ennial Plants,  except  the  fifth  and 
fixth  Sorts,  which  are  annual ;  and 
thefe  are  the  moft  beautiful  of  all 
the  Kinds :  the  Seeds  of  thefe  muft 
be  fown  every  Year.  The  Seeds  of 
the  other  Sorts,  being  fown  in  the 
Spring,  wiU  the  fecond  Summer 
after  produce  Flowers  and  Seeds, 
after  which  they  Cddom  coocinue. 

They 


E  D 

They  all  delight  in  a  rabbiffiy  gra- 
velly Soil,  and  wi)l  grow  upon  the 
Tops  of  old  Walls  or  Buildings; 
where,  when  once  they  have  efta- 
blifhed  themfelves,  they  will  drop 
their  Seeds,  and  thereby  maintain  a 
Succefndi^>of  Plants  without  any 
Care ;  ana  on  thefe  Places  they  ap- 
pear very  beautiful. 

EDERA  OyiNQUEFOLrA. 
Tide  Vitls. 

EDGINGS.  The  beft  and  moft 
durable  Plant  for  Edgings  in  a  Gar- 
den is  Box ;  which,  if  well  planted, 
and  rightly  managed,  will  continue 
in  Beauty  for  fevcral  Years:  the 
befl  Seafon  for  planting  this  is  either 
in  Autumn,  or  very  early  in  the 
Spring  :  for  if  you  plant  it  late,  and 
the  Seafon  fhould  prove  hot  and  dry, 
it  will  be  very  fubjeft  to  mifcarry, 
nnlefs  great  Care  is  taken  to  fupply 
it  with  Water.  The  beft  Sort  for 
this  Purpofe  is  the  Dwarf  Dutch 
Box. 

Thefe  Edgings  arc  only  planted 
npon  the  Sides  of  Borders  next  Walks, 
and  not,  as  the  FaAiion  was  fome 
Years  ago,  to  plant  the  Edgings  of 
Flower-beds,  or  theEdges  of  PYuit- 
border?,  in  the  Middle  of  Gardens, 
uolefs  they  have  a  Gravel  walk  be- 
tween them  ;  which  renders  it  pro- 
per to  preferve-the  Walks  dean,  by 
keeping  the  Earth  of  the  Borders 
from  wafhing  down  in  hard  Rains.  * 

It  was  alfo  the  Practice  formerly, 
to  plant  Edgings  of  divers  Sorts  of 
aromatic  Herbs,  as  Thyme,  Savory, 
Hyflbp,  Lavender,  Rue,  fcfr.  But 
thefe  being  fubjedl  to  grow  woody, 
fo  that  they  can*t  be  kept  in  due 
Compafs,  and  in  hard  Winters  be- 
ing often  killed  in  Patches,  whereby 
the  Edgings  are  rendered  incomplete, 
they  are  now  fcldom  ufed  for  this 
Purpofe. 

Some  People  make  Edgings  of 
Daifies,  Thrift,  Catchfly,  and  other 

VO  L.   I. 


E  L 

flowering  Plants ;  but  thefe  alfo  re- 
quire to  be  tranfplanted  every  Year, 
in  order  to  have  them  handfome ; 
for  they  foon  grow  out  of  Form,  and 
are  fubjedt  alfo  to  decay  in  Patches; 
fo  that  there  is  not  any  Plant  which 
{o  completely  anfwers  the  Defign  as 
Dwarf  Box,  which  mui!  be  pre- 
ferred to  all  others. 

ELATERIUM,  The  wild  Cu- 
cumber. 

The  QharaSers  are ; 

^he  Branches  are  Jome^uohat  liki " 
thofe  of  the  Cucumbtr  ;   but  bav^  no 
Temirih :   the  Fruit  is  prickly,  and, 
ivhcn  ripe,  bur  ft s  icith  great  Etajli' 
city^  and  abounds  tvith  fetid  "Juice, 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant;  which  is, ' 

Elate RiUM  ojicinarum,  Boerh. 
Ind.  This  is  the  Cucumis  Jyl<veftrit, 
Jfininus  diQus,  of  Cafpar  Baubin. 
Wild  Cucumber. 

This  Plant  is  cultivated  in  fome 
Gardens  for  medicinal  Ufe;  bat 
is  chiefly  preferved  in  curious  Gar- 
dens for  its  Variety,  as  alfo  for  Di- 
verfion  ;  for  when  the  Fruit  is  ripe, 
if  you  offer  to  gather  it,  it  burfts, 
and  cafts  out  its  Juice  and  Seeds  with 
great  Elafticity ;  for  which  it  is  call'd ' 
by  fome  Noli  me  t anger e,  or  Touch 
me  not:  which  Appellation  may  be 
given  to  many  other  Plants  on  this 
Account. 

It  may  be  propagated  by  fowing 
the  Seeds  in  the  Spring  of  the  Year 
in  an  open  warm  Border ;  and,  when- 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  may 
be  tranfplanted  into  open  Beds  or 
Borders,  about  fix  or  eight  Feet 
Diftance  from  each  other;  for  the 
Vines  will  fpread  very  far,  cfpccially 
if  the  Ground  is  good,  in  which 
they  are  planted  :  thefe  produce 
their  Fruit  in  Autumn,  which  -if 
you  fuffer  it  to  fall  off,  and  emit 
their  Seeds,  will  afford  a  plentiful 
Supply  of  Plants  without  aliy  far- 
G  g  ther 


E  L 

ther  Care.    The  Roots  of  thcfc 
Hants  will  abide  feme  Years. 
ELATINE.     Vide  Linaria* 
ELiEAGNUS,  Olealler,  or  wild 
Olive. 

The  CbaraBers  arc  ; 
//  hath  a  tubulous  Flower,  covfft- 
ing  of  om  Leaf  njuhich  is  cut  into 
four  Segments  ;  nxhofe  Calyx  aftt  r- 
njQcrd  be  conns  a  Fruit  flja^ed  like  £*n 
Oli've,  inchjing  a  Stone  of  the  lams 
Form. 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  El^aC^  us  Oritntalis  latifo- 
liuSy  fru&u  maximo.  'Town.  Cor, 
Eaftern  broad  -  leavM  wild  Olive, 
with  a  large  Fruit. 

2.  ElmaGvvs  Orientaiis  ongufii- 
fo/ius,  fruSu  pawo  ohvo'fqrmi  Juh- 
dulci,  Tourn.  Cor.  Eailern  wild 
Olive,  with  narrow  Leave?,  and  a 
(mail  fweet  olive-ihapcd  Fruit. 

3.  El  MAGNUS  Orient  alii  artgu- 
fiiJoliuSy  fru&u  minima  retundiori  iff 
fuhacido.  Tourn.  Cor,     Eailern   nar- 

row-leav'd  wild  Olive,  with  a  fmall 
roundiih  and  acid  Fruit. 

4.  Ela: AGNUS  non  fpinoffty  foUis 
angufiis  {*f  kngij/smis,  JruSu  par<vo 
oli'vaformi.  Wild  Olive  without 
Spines,  narrow  Jong  Leaves,  and  a 
foiall  oliveHiapcd  Fruit. 

Thefirft  and  third  Sorts  Dr.  Tour- 
nefort  obferv^d  growirg  in  feveral 
Iflands  in  the  Archipelago,  The  fc- 
cond  Sort  is  found  in  great  Plenty 
upon  the  Hills  in  Spain^  Italy y  and 
fome  Parts  oi Germany,  The  foujth 
«  Sort  is  tjie  moft  common  in  the  Eng- 
lijh  Gardens,  and  ha^h  been  by  moil 
,,Lo:anic  Authors  mentioned  for  the 
Iccond  Sort;  though,  by  comparing 
tlem  together,  they  appear  very 
different;  for  the  Leaves  of  the  fe- 
cond  arc  much  (horter  than  thofe  of 
the  fourth,  and  the  Branches  are  be- 
fet  with  fliarp  Thorns  between  the 
J. caves  ;  whereas  the  fourth  Sort 
hath  no  Spines  on  it :   but  where 


E  L 

this  is  a  Native,  I  cannot  determine^ 
tho^  probably  it  was  found  wiih  the 
fecond  Sort,  in  fome  of  the  Soathern 
Parts  of  Europe. 

Thcfc  Plants  may  be  propagated 
by  laying  down  the  young  Shoots  in 
Autumn,  which  will  take  Root  in 
one  Year,  when  they  may  be  cut 
off  from  the  old  Trees,  and  either 
tranfplanted  into  a  Norfery  for  two 
or  three  Years,  to  be  trained  up,  or 
into  the  Places  where  they  arc  10 
remain.  The  beft  Seafon  for  tranf- 
planting  thefe  Trees  is  the  Latter- 
end  of  February^  or  the  fieginnmg 
of  March ;  though  they  may  be  re- 
moved at  Michaelmas^  provided  the 
Roots  are  mulched,  to  proteft  them 
from  fcvere  Froft  in  Winter.  Thcfc 
Plants  (hould  be  placed  where  they 
may  be  fcrccned  from  ftfongWinds ; 
for  they  grbw  very  freely,  and  arc 
fubjeft  to  be  fplit  down  by  the  Wind, 
if  they  are  too  much  expofed. 

Thefe  Trees  commonly  grow  fo 
eighteen  or  twenty  Feet  high ;  and 
when  they  are  intermixed  with  other 
Trees  of  the  fame  Growth,  make 
a  pretty  Divcrfity  ;  for  their  Leaves, 
being  of  a  filver  Colour,  are  eafily 
diftinguifhed  at  a  Diflance.  In  June 
thcfc  Trees  produce  great  Quanti- 
ties of  fmall  yellowifh  Flowers,  of 
a  very  (Irong  Scent ;  and  fometimes 
they  bear  Fruit  in  England. 

ELEPHANTOPUS,  ElephantV 
foot. 

The  Charafiers  are ; 

//  hath  a  difcous  Floiver^  camp^^fd 
cf  fe^vcral  Floret s^  *which  are  Hfr- 
mnphroditey  contained  in  one  Flo^vrr' 
cupf  luhich  is  cut  into  fe*veral  S^- 
ments  almofi  to  the  Bottom  :  the  Bet- 
torn  of  the  Calyx  //  ftat^  and  filled 
lAiith  0*uar^'es,  nvhich  are  befet  on 
the  Top  luith  Hairs :  the  Dijki  are 
joined  upon  a  common  Placenta,  and 
form  a  fort  of  Sheaf  getrmjhed  tvith 
a  Foliage, 

Tie 


EL 

The^^aVi  are ; 

1.  £l£Phamtopvs  conyK^  filio» 
rat//.  Mem,  Acad.  ScUu.  1 7 1 9.  Elc- 
phant's-foot  with  a  Flea-bane-kaf. 

2.  Elephantopus  fo/iQ  JinuatB, 
Vai//.  Mem,  Acad.  Scien.  17 19.  Ele- 
phant's-foot  with  a  finuated  Leaf. 

3.  Elephantopus  helgnii  /o/io, 
fiore  purpurafctnte,  £lephant*s-foot 
with  an  Elecampane-leaf»  and  par- 
pliih  Flowers. 

The  firfl  Sort  grows  in  great 
plenty  in  Saub-Caro/ina^  where  it 
is  a  very  common  Weed ;  for  from 
the  Earth  in  which  fome  Plants  were 
brought  over  from  thence,  I  have 
frequently  had  this  Plant  come  up  as 
a  Weed.  The  Seeds  of  this  Sort 
may  be  fown  in  an  open  Border  in 
the  Spring,  and  the  Plants  will  live 
abroad  in  mild  Winters ;  therefore 
only  require  to  be  Iheltered  from  fe« 
vere  l^io^.  This  is  a  biennial  Plant, 
which  perilhes  foon  after  the  Seeds 
are  ripe.  The  fecond  and  third 
Sorts  are  very  common  in  Jamaica, 
and  in  feveral  Parts  of  the  Spanijh 
W eft- Indies  \  from  whence  I  have 
received  Seeds  and  Specimens,  which 
were  coUeded  by  my  late  ingenious 
Friend  Dr.  Wi//iam  Hoiifioun. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  by 
Seeds,  which  (hould  be  fown  on  an 
Hot  bed  in  the  Spring;  and  when 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  muft 
be  tranfplanted-into  Pots  hJled  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
an  Hot  bed  of  Tanners  Bark ;  ob- 
ferving  to  water  and  (hade  them 
until  they  have  taken  Root :  then 
you  Aiould  let  them  have  a  large 
Sh^re  of  frcfti  Air  in  warm  Weather, » 
and  give  them  plenty  of  Water. 
With  this  Management  the  firft  and 
fecond  Sorts  will  flower  in  Auguft ; 
and,  if  the  Autumn  proves  favour- 
able, will  ripen  their  Seeds  in  OQo- 
btr :  but  \he  Plants  (hould  be  placed 
in  a  Stove  after  the  Seeds  are  per- 


EL 

fefted,   if  you  de(ign  to  prefenre 
them  thro'  the  Winter. 

The  third  Sort  is  hardier  than 
either  of  the  former,  and  may  be 
preferred  through  the  Winter  in  a 
Green-houfe  without  any  additional 
Heat :  this  Plant  dies  to  the  Root 
every  Autumn,  and  rifes  again  the 
following  Spring  ;  but  it  feldom 
flowers,  *  unlefs  the  Seafon  be  very 
warm,  or  the  Plants  are  forwarded 
by  an  Hot-bed  in  the  Spring.  This; 
Plant  hath  been  long  knowp  in  the 
European  Gardens,  under  the  Title 
of  Scahiofa  Indica  Bentii, 

ELEPHAS,  Elephant's-head. 
The  CharaSers  are ; 

It  bath  an  anoma/osu  perfonaied* 
F/(wjery  confifting  of  one  Leaf^  *wbicJ^ 
hatb  tiAjo  diflant  Lips :  the  upper  omg 
refemh/es  an  E/epbanfs  ^runk^  hut, 
the  under  one  is  di*vided  into  fe*viral 
Farts  \  from  nuhofe  Cup  arifes  the 
Pointa/f  fixed  /ike  a  Hat/  in  the 
Hinder  -part  of  the  F/onuer,  *ijuhich 
afterward  becomes  0  Fruit  di*vided 
into  tivo  Cel/s,  <which  contain  many 
ob/ong  Seeds, 

The  Species  arc ; 

I .  Elb  p  H  A s  Ita/lca,  J/ore  magnff, 
probo/cide  furreSa,  Tourn,  Ita/ian 
Eiephas,  with  a  large  P'lower,whofe 
Upper-lip  or  Trunk  is  eredt. 

a.  Elbphas  Orienta/is,  fiori 
parvo,  probo/cide  furre3a.  Tourn, 
Ea(krn  Eiephas,  with  a  fmall  Flower, 
whofe  Upper -lip  or  Trunk  is  ereft. 

3.  Ej^BPHAS  Orient aUs^  flore 
magnOf  probofcide  incur*va,  Tourn^ 
Eaftern  Eiephas,  with  a  large  Flower, 
whofe  Upper-lip  or  Trunk  is  bent 
downward. 

The  Aril  Sort  grows  naturally  in 
fome  Parts  of  Jtu/jf,  from  whence 
the  Seeds  have  been  procured  by 
fome  curious  Perfons :  but  this  Plant 
is  very  rare  in  Engiand  at  prefent. 
The  other  two  Sorts  were  difcovered  , 
by.  Dr.  Jounjefort,  in  the  Levant,  . 
G  g  2  who 


EL 

wlio  (JBiit  the  Seeds  to  the  Itoyel 
Garden  at  Paris ;  where  the  Plaatt 
were  raifed,  and  have  fmce  been 
didributed  to  IcTeral  curious  Perfons 
in  Europe, 

Thefe  Plants  may  be  propagated 
hy  Seeds,  which  ihould  be  Town  on 
ft  Bed  of  frdh  light  £arth  the  Be- 
mnning  of  March.  When  the 
^Pfauits  begin  to  appear,  they  (hould 
be  kept  clear  from  Weeds ;  and  in 
dry  Weather  they  muft  be  frequently 
watered,  which  will  greatly  pro- 
mote their  Growth.  When  the 
Plants  are  about  two  Inches  high, 
they  fiiould  be  carefully  taken  oat 
of  the  Bed,  and  tranfpianted,  fome 
of  them  into  (imall  Pots  filled  with 
ireih  light  Earth,  and  the  others 
into  a  Bed  of  frefli  Earth  in  a  warm 
Sitoation.  When  thofe  Plants,  which 
were  planted  in  Pots,  have  grown 
fo  much  as  to  £11  the  Pots  with  their 
Roots,  they  mud  be  (haken  out  of 
them,  and  their  Roots  parted,  and 
then  put  into  Pots  a  little  larger  than 
the  former  i  which  muft  be  filled 
with  frefh  Earth,  and  then  placed 
in  an  open  Situation.  In  this  Place 
they  may  remain  until  the  Beginning 
of  NtvtmBir,  when  they  ihould  be 
removed,  and  placed  under  an  Hot- 
bed-frame, where  they  may  be  fhel- 
tered  from  feverc  Froft  in  Winter: 
but  in  mild  Weather  they  fhould 
have  as  much  free  i^ir  aspofiibie; 
fo  that  the  Glafles  of  the  Hot-bed 
muHt  be  taken  off  every  Day  when 
the  Weather  is  good.  In  the  Spring 
fome  of  thefe  Plants  may  be  fhaken 
oat  of  the  Pots,  and  planted  in  a 
warm  Border;  where  they  will 
thrive,  and  produce  their  Flowers, 
and  fometimes  will  perfeA  their 
Seeds  in  this  Country. 

Thofe  Plants  which  are  planted 
in  a  Bed'Of  good  Earth,  will  require 
no  other  Culture  but  to  keep  them 
tjear  from  Weeds ;  but  if  the  Win- 


E  L 

ter  (hould  proTW  very  fevere,  it  will 
be  proper  to  cover  them  with  Mats  . 
or  Peac-haulm,  to  proteA  them  from 
the  FroSt;  and  in  the  Spring  the 
Plants  may  be  taken  up,  and  tranf- 
pianted into  the  Borders  of  thcPlea- 
fure-garden,  where  they  are  defigned 
to  remain.  As  thefe  Plants  are  in 
Danger  of  being  deflroyed  in  very 
cold  Winters,  it  will  be  proper  to 
keep  two  or  three  Plants  of  each 
Kind  in  Pots ;  which  may  be  (hd- 
bored  from  fevere  Froft,  in  order  to 
preferve  the  Species. 

ELICHRYSUM,  Etcrnalflower.' 
The  CharaSers  are;  • 

7be  WJk  of  the  Fla^Mer,  contaimt 
many  HermtiphroJitw  FUreti  :  in  the 
Centre  ef  each  of  thefe  arifes  the 
Onjary^  ^whicb  is  crotMmd  tvith 
Hairs f  and  is  fnfforted  hy  a  naked 
Placenta :  thrfe  are  all  contained  nr 
a  fcaly  Cuf,  fwhich  ctmfifts  of  dry 
Membranes^  and  is,  for  the  suoft  fart^ 
of  a  fplendsd  Colour, 
I'hc  Species  are ; 

1.  Elichrysum,  fen  farchas  ci* 
trina  angnfiifolia.  C.  B.  Goldylocks, 
or  Caflidony. 

2.  Elichrysvu  montamtm,  florg 
rotundiori  candido,  Tount.  Cat's- 
foot,  or  Mountain  Caflidony,  with 
a  white  round  Flower. 

3.  Elichrysum  montannm^  flort 
rotstndiori  *uariegato.  Tonm,  Cafs- 
foot,  or  Mountain  Caf&dony,  with 
a  round  variegated  Flower. 

4.  Elichrysum  Americansan  Uf 
tifolium,  Tourn,  Broad-leav'd  .^JW- 
rican  Eternal-flower. 

5.  Elichrysum  fyhueftre    lati^ 
folium,  fore  parvo  Jsngidaru  Tonm, 

Broad -leavM  wild  Eternal-flower, 
with  a  fmall  fmgle  Flower. 

6.  Elichrysum  fyl'veflre  lati-^ 
folium,  fore  magno  fngulari.'  Tonne^ 

Broad-leav*d  wild   Eternal  -  flower^ 
with  a  fingle  large  Flower. 


E  L 

y.  Elicmrysvm   fyl<veftre    lati- 
folium^    cafitulii  congiobatis.    C,  B. 
Broad  -  leaved  wild  Eternal -flower^ 
with  many  Heads  dofely  united. 

8.  Elichrysvm  Jlore  /uatve'ru- 
hente.  Hort,  Cath.  Ecernal-flower 
with  a  foft  red-colourM  iF'lower. 

9.  Elichrysum  Africanum  fofti- 
dijpmumy  4nnpiijffim9  foliop  calyct  ar- 

fenteo.    Toum,      Stinking    African 
Itemal-flower,  with  a  broad  Leaf, 
and  a  filver-colour'd'Cup 

10.  Elichrysum  Africamun  fot" 
tidifflmuntj  amfliJIimo  folh^  calyce 
auree,  ToitrM.  Slinking  African  Eter- 
nal'flower,-  with  a  broad  Leaf,  and 
a  gold-coloufd  Cop. 

II  Elichrysum  Orienta/e,  C,B, 
Eaflem  Eternal-flower. 

1 2 .Ex I  c H  R  Y  s  u  M  Afrieamim^  folio 
thlomgo^  fnbtus  incano^  fufra  wridi^ 
Jlore  iutio,  Bterb,  Ind.  African 
Eternal -flower,  with  a  longifh  Leaf, 
hoary  underneath,  but  green  on  the 
Upper-part,  and  a  yellow  Flower. 

1 3. Elichrysum  Africanum 
fhitefctns^folui  critbmi  marivi.  Hcrt, 
Jmfi,  Shrubby  African  Eternal- 
flower,  'with  Leaves  like  the  Sam- 
phire. 

14.  Elichrysum  Africanum fm" 
fefcensp  foliis  ftctchados  citrinar^  flort 
mfre;  Boirh,  Ind.  Shrabby  A/ri^ 
tan  Eternal- flower,  with  Leaves  like 
the  golden  Caflidony. 

15.  Elichrysum  Africanum  Ai- 
nuginofum  iafiftiium,  calyce  fior is  ar- 
genieo  SsT  amflijfimo,  Oldtn.  Woolly 
African  broad  leavM  Eternal- flower, 
with  an  ample  filver-co]our*d  Cup. 

16.  Elichrysum  AJricanum  t^ 
mentofum  frutefcem^  calya  argentea. 
Com.  PL  Bar.  African  (hrubby  Eter- 
nal flower,  with  woolly  Leaves,  and 
a  fiiver-coloar*d  Flower-cufT. 

17.  Elichrysum  Africanum fm- 
ttfcens^  angufiis  CsT  longiorihus  foliis 
incanis.  HQrt.AmJl.    Shrubby  y^i- 


E  L 

ftfff  Eternal-flower,  with  long  narrow 
hoary  Leaves. 

18.  Elichrysum  anguftiffimo 
folio,  Tourn,  The  moft  narrow-leav'd 

Golden  Caflidony. 

1 9.  Elichrysum  umhellatum  ma* 
ritimum  Hifpanicum.  Tourn,  Sfaniflj 
maritime  umbellated  Golden  Caf- 
fidony. 

20.  Elichrysum  feu  ftcechas  or- 
trina  latifolia.  C.  B.  P,  Broad- 
leav'd  Golden  Caflidony. 

21.  Elichrysum  Gcrmanicum, 
calyce  €x  aureo  rutilante,  Toum, 
German  Goldylocks,  with  a  rediih- 
golden  Empalement. 

22.  Elichrysum  Germ^nicnm^ 
cafyce  fanguineo.  Toum.  Gemum 
Goldylocks,  with  a  blood«colour*d 
Empalement. 

23.  Elichrysum  emgnfiifohmm 
incanum,  maximofore.  Tourn,  Hoaiy 
narrow  -  leavM  Golden  Caflidony, 
with  a  large  Flower. 

24.  Elichrysum  lan/enduLe foUo 
Bri*viori,  Jloribus  congUhatis  minima 
luteis,  D.  Sberard.  Raii  Sup.  Gol- 
den Caflidony,  with  a  fl>orter  Lavto- 
der-leaf,  and  conglobated*  Flowers;, 
which  are  vtxy  little  yellow. 

25.  Elichrysum  latiftdium  Hi- 
Jpanicumy  corymborum  fquamuUs  (*f 
Jloribus  amplis  fulpbmreis,  Pluk,  Al- 
mag,  Broad-leav'd  Spanijh  Golden 
Caffidony,with  large  yellow  Flowers. 

26.  Elichrysum  latifolium  v/A 
hffum^  alato  caule,  ^oderatijfimum. 
Pluk.  Pbyt,  The  moft  fweet-fmell- 
ing  hairy  broad-leav'd  Golden  Cftf* 
iidony,  with  a  winged  Stalk. 

27.  Eljchrysum  Oriin$tdct  foliis 
ampVoribui  fuhrotundis,  Toum*  Eafl- 
em  Golden  Caflidony,  with  larger 
round ifli  Leaves.- 

28.  Elichrysum  Orimtalifit^iki 
ealyce  for umargenteo,  Tourn,  Golden 
Caffidony  refembling  the  Eaftern 
one,  with  a  iilver  Empalement. 

G  g  }     .  29.  Eli- 


E  L 

19.  Elichrysum  Oricntatt  'uev' 
ntm  anguflijolium.  Tourn,  Narrow- 
)eav*d  Ea^ern  Spring  Golden  Caf- 
fidony. 

30.  Elichrysum  Orientate^  leu- 
ttni  folio  *viridi,  Tourti,  Eaftern 
Golden  Cailidony,  with  a  green 
July-flower-lcaf. 

31.  Elichrysum  O  runt  alt  glu- 
tinofum,  la^vendul/e  folio.  Toum.  Glu- 
tinous Eaftern  Golden  Caflidony, 
with  a  Lavender- leaf. 

32  Elichrysum  Africanum^  fo- 
lio ohlongo  angujlofjlore  rubcllo^  pojfita 
auno,  Bocrb,  Jfrican  Golden  Caf- 
fidony,  with  a  narrow  oblong  Leaf, 
and  a  red  Flower  turning  to  a  yel- 
low. 

33.  Elichrysum  Africanum  la- 
vvgtu'jfum  latifolium^  calyce  fioris 
a>-gcfit(cl^ amflijjimo.  Oldenl,  Broad- 
leav'd  woolly  ^/riVtf»  Golden  Caf- 
iidony,  with  a  very  large  filver  Em- 
palement. 

34.  Elichrysum  Africanum  U" 
ftuginofum,  anguflijjimo  folio,  calyce 
fioris  argenteo  &  ampUJpmo,  OldenU 
Woolly  African  Golden  Caffidony, 
with  a  very  narrow  Leaf,  and  a  large 
filver  Empalement. 

35.  Elichrysum -^r/ra^K/w/ru- 
tifcens^  cor ijis  folio,  Oldenl.  Shrubby 
African  Goldylocks,  with  a  Coris- 
leaf. 

36.  Elichrysum  Africanum  in- 
^anum  tomentofum^  foliis  fubrotundij, 
OUinL  Woolly  hoary  African  Gol- 
^ylocks,  with  roundi(h  Leaves. 

37.  Elichrysum  Africanum  urn- 
helLitum  odiratum  luteum.  OldenL 
Yellow  fwcet  -  fmelling  umbellated 
African  Goldylocks. 

The  firft  of  thefc  Sorts  hath  no 
gre^t  Pcauty  s  but  as  the  Flowers 
afe  of  long  Duration,  it  is  preferved 
an  fome  curious  pardcns.  This  fel- 
dom  produces  good  Seeds  in  Eng- 
fundi  but  is  very  eafily  propagated 
\y  planting  Slips  ox  puttings'  in  a 


E  L 

(hady  Border,  any  time  from  Aprtf 
toAugufti  whicb,  if  .carefully  (up- 
plied  with  Water,  will  puih  out 
{loots  in  two  Months  time,  and  may 
then  be  removed  to  the  Place  where 
it  is  to  remain  for  good. 

This  delights  in  a  dry  warm  Soil, 
that  is  not  too  rich ;  for  if  the  Soil 
be  wet,  or  over-dung'd,  it  will  caufe 
this  Plant  to  make  ftronger  Shoott 
in  Summer  ;  but  then  it  will  be  lia- 
ble to  be  deftroyed  with  a  little  cold 
Weather  in  Winter.  This  Plaint 
may  be  trained  up  to  a  regular 
Head,  if  proper  Care  be  taken  of 
it  while  young,  and  will  grow  to 
the  Height  of  three  or  four  Feet. 

The  fecond  and  third  Sorts  are 
Inhabitants  of  the  Northern  Moun- 
tains in  Yorkjhire^  Cumberland,  &<;. 
Thcfe  Plants  grow  very  dofe  to 
the  Ground,  and  increafc  very  faft 
from  the  Off-fets,  which  are  pro- 
duced in  great  Plenty  on  every  S:dc 
the  Plants,  which  emit  Roots  from 
their  Joints  as  they  trail  upon  the 
Ground ;  fo  that  in  a  fhort  time  they 
will  overfpread  the  Ground  where 
they  are  planted. 

Thefc  Plants  produce  fmall 
Bunches  of  foft  dry  Flowers,  which^ 
if  gathered  when  they  arc  in  Beauty, 
and  preferved  in  a  dry  Place,  wiH 
continue  frelh  and  fair  for  feme 
Years  j  for  which  Reafon  they  dc- 
ferve  a  Plate  in  every  good  Gardei^, 
to  increafe  the  Varieties  of  thefc 
Flowers,  which  will  afford  Pleafure 
at  a  Seafon  when  the  Ground  is  fo 
lockM  up,  that  none  of  the  flowery 
Tribe  appears  abroad  above-ground. 
Thefe  Plants  will  grow  in  a  (hady 
dry  Place  in  any  remote  Part  of  % 
Garden,  and  are  by  fome  planted 
for  Edgings  to  North  Borders. 
The  fourth  Sort  is  a  great  Ranx- 
'  bier  in  a  Garden,  and  (hould  there- 
fore be  either  confined  to  Pots,  or 
planted  in  fome  abjedi  Fart  of  the 

Gardes^ 


E  L 

Garden,  in  a  Place  by  itfelf ;  for  if 

it  iland  near  any  other  Plants^ or 

Flowers,  it  will  be  apt  to  over- run 

and  deftroy  them;    for  the  Roots 

creep  far  under- ground,  and  will  arife 

at  a  great  Diftance  from   the  old 

Plant :  but  however,  as  the  Flowers 

are  very  beautiful  amongft  others  of 

the  perpetual  Kind,  they  fhould  not 

be  wanting  in  a  good  Garden.  This, 

though  (tiled  an  /imencan  Vhnt,  yet 

is  thought  to  be  a  Native  of  fome 

of  the  warm  huropean  Countries.    It 

delights  in  a  dry  warm  Soil,  and  in- 

creafes  plentifully  by  the  OfF-fets. 

The  fifth  and  fixth  Sorts  are  Piants 
of  no  great  Beauty.  They  are  pre- 
ferved  in  Botanic  Gardens  for  Va- 
riety-f^ke;  butarefeldom  cultivated 
in  Gardenb  for  Pltafure.  They  may 
be  propagated  either  by  fowing  their 
Seeds  in  the  Spring  on  a  moderate 
Hot -bed,  or  by  planting  Cuttings  or 
Slips  in  any  of  the  Summer-months: 
but  thefe  Plants  producing  Seeds  in 
Plenty,  it  is  the  common  Method  to 
increat'e  or  maintain  them  by  Seeds. 
Thefe  muft  be  planted  in  Pots  filled 
with  light  fanciy  Karth,  and  mull  be 
fbeltered  in  Winter  ;  giving  them  as 
jnuch  free  open  Air  as  poflible  in 
mild  Weather,  and  often  refrefhing 
them  with  Water,  With  this  Ma- 
nagement they  may  be  trained  up  to 
the  Height  of  three  or  four  Feet,  and 
will  grow  Ihrubby  ;  but  if  fufFer*d 
to  remain  abroad,  they  will  not  fur- 
vive  (he  Winttrr. 

The  J'eventh  Sort  is  an  annual," 
and  is  a  Plant  of  very  little  Beauty : 
it  is  only  prefcrvcd  for  Variety,  and 
will  rcqaire  no  further  Care  than  to 
fuffer  the  Seeds  to  fall  upon  the 
Ground ;  which  will  arife,  and  af- 
ford an  abundant  Supply  of  Plants. 
The  eighth  Sore  is  an  abiding 
Plant,  which  deferves  a  Place  in  the 
moft  curious  Gardens  for  the  Beauty 
of  i(8  flQWeTS.    This  is  propagated 


E  L 

by  planting  Cuttings  in  any  of  the 
Summer- months,  which  (hould  be 
put  intj  Pots  filled  with  light  fandy 
Soil,  and  plunged  iiKo  a  moderate 
Hot  bed,  to  facilitate  their  Rooting ; 
after  which  they  may  be  expofed  in 
the  open  Air,  and  fome  of  them  may 
be  planted  in  a  warm  dry  Border ; 
where  they  will  endure  the  Cold  of 
our  ordinary  Winters  without  any 
Shelter :  but  'tis  advifeable  always 
to  preferve  fome  in  Pots  under  Co- 
ver in  Winter,  left  thofe  abroad 
Ihould  be  dedroyed,  as  it  fometimes 
happens  in  very  fevere  Frofts 

This  Plant  producing.  Flowers 
which  are  of  a  fine  foft  red  Colour, 
is  a  very  great  Ornament  in  Win- 
ter, when  intermixed  with  the  feve- 
ral  Varieties  of  Eternal-flowers,  in  ' 
GlalTes  or  Bafons  filled  with  dry 
San  1 ;  which,  being  preferred  from 
Wet,  will  afford  a  great  deal  of  Plea* 
fure,  when  other  Flowers  are  not  to 
be  procured. 

The  ninth  and  tenth  Sorts  are  bi- 
ennial Plants.  Thefe  feldom  conti- 
nue after  they  have  flower'd,  and 
produce  d  Seeds.  They  may  be  fown 
in  the  Spring,  upon  a  warm  and  dry 
Border;  and  when  the  Plants  arc 
come  up  pretty  ftrong,  they  may  be 
tranfp'anted  out  either  into  Pots,  or 
in  warm  Borders,  allowing  them  at 
leaft  eight  or  ten  Inches  room  ;  for 
when  they  grow  ftrong,  they  (hoot 
out  many  Cranches  from  their  Side?, 
and  produce  Bunches  of  dry  Flow- 
ers like  t:  e  other  Plants  of  this  Kind; 
which,  being  preferved,  add  to  the 
Variety.  . 

But  thefe  Plants,  while  frefli,  emit 
a  violent  ftrong  Smell  upon  the  leaft 
Touch ;  for  which  they  have  been 
by  many  People  ejefted.  They  v/ill 
endure  our  ordinary  Winters  in  the 
open  ^ir,  if  planted  in  a  dry  Soil  s 
but  in  fevere  Cold  are  apt  to  be  de* 
molifhed. 

Cg  4  Tht 


E  L 

The  elcYcnth  Sort  h  one  of  the 
noft  beaotiful  of  all  this  Tribe,  pro- 
ducing large  Bunches  pf  bright  yel- 
low-coloured Flowers.  This  is  pre- 
ferred in  Portugal  s^nd  Zpainy  for 
adorning  their  Places  of  Worfhip  in 
the  Wiucer-fciaibD ;  as  alfo,  for  the 
Ladies  to  adorn  their  Heads ;  for 
which  Purpofes  it  is  preferable  to 
any  of  the  flowery  Tribe. 

This  Plant  feldom  produces  Seeds 
in  England;  but  is  propagated  by 
planting  Cuttings  in  the  Summer- 
lealbn  ;  which  niuft  be  fet  in  Pots  of 
light  Earth,  and  plunged  into  a  mo- 
dirate  Hot-bed,  to  facilitate  their 
ibiking  Rootj  then  you  muft  put 
each  Plant  into  a  fcparate  Pot  Ailed 
with  the  like  frefh  Earth;  and  du- 
rinc;  the  Summer  feafon  you  may  ex- 
pole  thefn  with  Oranges,  Myrtles, 
bfi.  but  in  Winter  they  muft  be  put 
either  under  an  Hot- bed -frame,  or 
into  an  airy  Green-houfe ;  placing 
them  near  the  Windows,  that  they 
may  enjoy  the  free  Air,  whenever 
the  Weather  will  permit  the  Glaffes 
to  be  opened  ;  for  if  they  are  crouded 
amongft  other  Plants,  they  are  apt 
to  draw,  and  their  Under  branches 
and  Leaves  will  rot  and  decay :  it 
mnfl  alfo  have  frequent,  but  gentle 
Waterings.  This  produces  itsPlow- 
ers  in  A/ajf, which, when  fully  grown, 
ihould  be  cut,  and  prefervcd  in  clean 
white  Papers,  and  kept  from  the  Air, 
which  greatly  diminiihes  their  Beau- 
ty :  and  this  cutting  off  the  Flowers 
will  caufe  them  t;o  pu(h  out  many 
Side-ihoots,  whereby  the  Plant  may 
be  increafed. 

The  twelfth  Sort  grows  three  or 
ibur  Feet  high,  and  fhoots  out  many 
Branches,  efpecially  if  the  Roots  are 
not  con£n*d  m  Pots ;  for  if  the  Roots 
get  thro*  the  Holes  in  the  bottom 
oi  the  Pots,  and  faflen  themfelves 
in  the  Ground,  the  Plants  will  grow 
very  luxuriant  mi  rude ;  ^d  upon 


EL 

removing  the  Pots,  and  fepamiag 
the  JRoots,  the  Plants  will  often  de- 
cay :  therefore  the  Pots  (hoold  be 
frequently  removed  in  Summer,  to 
prevent  the  Roots  faiiening  into  the 
Ground. 

I'his  will  grow  from  Cuttings 
planted  during  any  of  th&  Summer- 
months,  in  a  ihady  Border ;  and  may 
be  afterward  taken  up,  and  potted ; 
for  they  will  require  to  be  (helierci 
in  Winter,  becaufe  in  fevere  Froft 
they  are  always  deflroyed,  if  they  are 
expofed. 

Th^  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  fif- 
teenth, iixteenth,  and  fevcnteenth 
Sorts  are  all  propagated  by  Cuttings, 
as  was  before  direded.  Tbefe  may 
be  trained  up  to  Shrubs  with  regu- 
lar Stems ;  and  will  grow  to  the 
Height  of  fix  or  feven  Feet.  They 
are  pretty  hardy,  and  require  only 
to  be  fecured  from  our  fevere  Frofis; 
and  muil  have  free  open  Air,  and 
frequent  Waterings,  in  mild  Wea- 
ther. Thefe  are  all  pretty  Varieties 
in  Colledlions  of  Exotic  Plants ;  and 
although  fome  of  the  Flowers  have 
no  great  Beauty  in  them,  yet  they 
are  worth  preferving,  for  the  iake  of 
Variety. 

The  eighteenth  Sort  is  very  com- 
mon in  the  Englijb  Gardens,  and  has 
been  taken  for  the  Stcgchas  citrinm 
of  the  Difpenfatory,  by  many  good 
Botanifls ;  but  is  very  different  from 
it.  This  will  rife  to  the  Height  of 
three  Feet,  and  become  fhrubby :  it 
is  hardy,  and  may  be  eafily  propa- 
gated by  planting  Cuttings  of  it,  in 
Jfril^  in  a  ihady  Border ;  obfervisg 
to  refrefh  them  with  Water,  and  keep 
them  clear  from  Weeds.  Thefe  Cut* 
tings  will  have  ^made  good  Roots  in. 
about  two  Months ;  when  they  may. 
be  taken  up  with  a  Ball  of  Earth  to 
their  Roots,  and  tranfplanted  whert 
they  are  defigned  to  remain.  Thefe 
Plants  majr  be  kept  in  a  regular 


B  L 

Form,  by  pruning  off  th*ir  Sidc- 
branches^  and  fupporting  them  with 
Sukes  i  but  the  Shoots  mail  not  be 
ihortened  in  the  Spring  or  Summer- 
months  ;  for  that  will  prevent  their 
flowering. 

The  thirteen  following  Sorts  are 
mQre  rare  in  England,  and  are  of 
humbler  Growth.  Thefe  may  be 
propagated  by  Slips,  which  ihould 
be  planted  in  Pots  filled  with  rich 
light  Earth,  and  then  plunged  into 
a  very  moderate  Hot-bed  ofTanncrs 
Bark  ;  obierving  to  fcreen  theio 
from  the  Sun  until  they  have  taken 
Rooty  when  they  fhould  be  inured 
to  bear  the  open  Air  by  decrees.  In 
Summer  thefePlants  fhould  be  placed 
abroad  in  a  Sheltered  Situation,  ob- 
ferving  to  water  them  duly  in  dry 
Weather :  but  in  Winter  they  (bould 
be  placed  under  an  Hotbed-frame^ 
where  they  muft  have  as  much  free 
Air  as  poffible  in  mild  Weather ;  foi; 
they  are  pretty  hardy,  and  only  re- 
quire to  be  protet^led  from  Severe 
Froft.  The  following  Spring  ,fome 
of  the  Plants  may  be  (haken  out  of 
the  Pots,  and  planted  in  a  warm 
Border  near  the  Shelter  of  a  Wall ; 
where  they  will  produce  their  Flow- 
ers, and  may  abide  feveral  Years, 
provided  the  Winters  do  not  prove 
very  fevere.  However,  it  will  be 
proper  to  keep  a  Plant  or  two  of 
each  Kind  in  Pots,  which  may  be 
Ihclter'd  in  Winter  :  fo  that  if  thofe 
which  were  planted  abroad  fhould 
be  deftroyed,  thefe  may  be  preferved 
to  maintain  the  Sorts. 

The  fix  laft-;nentioned  Kinds  are 
fomewhat  tenderer  than  the  former ; 
therefore  require  a  little  more  Care 
to  prcferve  tbem  in  Winter.  Thefe 
may  be  propagated  by  Cpttings,  in 
the  fame  manner  as  the  former; 
which,  when  rooted,  muft  be  plant- 
ed in  Pots  filled  with  frelh  light 
Earth,  a^id  placed  in  a  ihady  Situa- 


E  L 

tidn  until  they  have  taken  new  Root; 
after  which  time,  they  may  be  ex- 
pofed  with  other  hardy  Exotic  Plants, 
m  a  warm  Situation,  where  they  may 
be  defended  from  flrong  Winds  :  in 
which  Place  they  may  remain  until 
the  Middle  of  OSobery  when  they 
fhould  be  removed  into  an  open  airy 
Green -houfe;  where  they  Ihould 
have  as  much  free  Air  as  pofUble 
in  mild  Weather,  to  prevent  their 
making  long  weak  Shoots ;  which 
will  not  only  render  them  unfightly, 
but  alfo  caufe  them  to  flower  fpa* 
ringly.  Thefe  Plants  require  to  be 
frequently  watered  in  Winter,  when 
the  Weather  is  mild  ;  the  want  of 
which  maybe  foon  difcovered  by  the 
hanging  of  their  Leaves ;  but  at  this 
Seaion  they  mufl  not  have  fuch  large 
Quantities  of  Water  as  in  Summer  ; 
for  muchWet  will  fometimes  deftro/ 
them. 

Some  o£  thefe  Sorts  may  be  train- 
ed up  to  the  Height  of  three  or  four 
Feet  i  and  if  they  are  rightly  ma- 
nag'^d,  may  be  reduced  to  regular 
Heads ;  whereby  they  will  become 
Tery  ornamental  in  a  goo^  Garden: 
for  as  they  continue  to  produce  tjieir 
Flowers  through  moft  of  the  Sump 
mer-months,  and  many  of  them  pro» 
duce  Flowers  late  in  Autumn,  which 
will  continue  in  Beauty  moft  Part  of 
the  Winter-feafon,  they  afford  a« 
agreeable  Variety  at  a  Seafon  who^ 
other  Flowers  are  very  fcarce.  Be- 
fides,  the  different  Appearance  which 
thefe  Plants  have  from  their  hoary 
and  woolly  Leaves,  makes  an  agree- 
able Diverfiiy  amongft  other  Plants 
in  the  Green-houfe,  when  they  ai:e 
wholly  divefted  of  their  Flowers. 

The  Flowers  of  ajl  thefe  Sorts  of 
Plants,  if  they  arc  gathered  when  in 
PcrfeAion,  and  laid  in  a  dry  Place, 
where  they  may  be  kept  from  Dufl 
and  Air,  will  continue  frefh  and  in 
Beauty  for  fcvcral  Years:   fo  that 

from 


E  M 

from  the  fcvcral  Varieties  of  thefe 
Flowers,  a  Eafon  or  Flower-pot  may 
be  furnilhed  in  Winter,  when  few 
other  Flowers  can  be  procured ; 
which  will  have  a  pretty  Kffedl  in 
Rooms  or  Halls :  but  the  Stalks  of 
thefe  Flewcrs  miift  not  be  placed  in 
Water,  nor  fliould  any  Moidure  come 
to  their  Flowers,  /or  that  will  decay 
them. 

ELM.     Vide  Ulmus. 

EMERUS,  Scorpion  Sena,  v«i^0. 
The  Charafftrs  are ; 

It  hatb  Lfit'vcs  lik$  thofc  of  thi  Ctf- 
hiea  :  theFlonxjen  are  papilionaceous: 
ihe  Poets  arejlender^  and  contain  t*wo 
mr  three  cylindrical -Jha fed  Seeds  in 

94tch, 

The  %ri.  /  are ; 

1.  EidERUS.  Qtfaip,  Scorpion 
Sena,  vulgp, 

2.  Emerus  minor,  Tourn,  The 
lefler  Scorpion  Sena. 

The  fecond  of  thefe  Shrubs  is  very 
common  'in  all  the  Nurferies  near 
London  \  but  the  iiril  is  at  prefent 
in  ytrf  few  Gardens  :  thefe  are  both 
of  them  extreme  fine  flowering 
Shrubs,  and  are  great  Ornaments 
to  fmaller  Wildernefs  -  quarters  of 
Shrubs,  which  are  of  equal  Growth. 
The  firft  will  rife  to  the  Height  of 
nine  or  ten  Feet,  and  tnay  be  re- 
duced to  a  regula'"  Figure,  if  proper 

'  Care  be  taken  while  they  are  young. 

'  "The  fecond  feldom  rifes  above  four 
or  five  Feet  high,  but  may  be  train- 
ed into  an  handfome  Figure.  Thefe 
Shrubs  continue  flowering  through 
the  greatcft  Part  of  the  Summer'; 
therefore  the  beft  Seafon  to  prune 
them,  in  order  to  reduce  them  into 
Shape,  is  about  the  Middle  of  Stp- 
temher,  foon  after  they  have  done 
flowering :  for  if  you  cut  them  in 
Summer,  it  will  prevent  their  flow- 
ering in  Autumn,  unlcfs  it  be  done 
in  Maj,  which  will  delboy  th^  firft 


E  M 

Crop  of  Flowers,  and  prevent  their 
producing  Seeds. 

Thefe  Shrubs  are  eaflly  propaga- 
ted by  fowing  their.  Seeds  (which 
they  commonly  produce  in  great 
Plenty)  in  MarchyXM^oxi  a  Bed  of  hght 
fandy  Earth,  obferving  to  keep  the 
Bed  clear  from  Weeds ;  and  in  vtrj 
iiry  Weather  yoa  mull  often  refrefli 
the  Bed  with  Water,  which  ftiould 
be  given  carefully,  lefl  the  Seeds 
fhould  be  wafliM  out  of  the  Ground 
by  hafty  Watering.  When  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  you  mud  continue  the 
fame  Care  ;  and  the  Mitbaeimas  fol- 
lowing (if  your  Plants  have  thriven 
well)  you  may  draw  out  the  largefl; 
which  may  be  tranfplanted  into  a 
Nurfery,  at  three  Feet  Diflance  Row 
from  Row,  and  one  Foot  af under  in 
the  Rows.  This  will  give  room  to  ^ 
thofe  Plants  which  are  left  to  grow 
in  the  Seed-bed ;  i^  which  Plan 
they  may  remain  anot/ier  Year,  when 
they  will  alfo  be  fit  to  tranfplant  in- 
to a  Nurfery  ;  where  they  (hould  be 
trained  up  in  the  manner  you  defign 
them  to  grow,  either  in  round  Heads, 
or  in  rude  Plants.  In  one  or  two 
Years  more  they  will  be  fit  to  plant 
out,  where  they  are  to  remain  for 
good  :  in  doing  of  which  you  (hould 
be  careful,  in  taking  them  up,  not 
to  break  or  wound  the  Roots  :  nor 
fliould  they  remain  too  long  in  the 
Nurfery  before  they  are  tranfplant- 
ed  :  for  they  are  fubjefl  to  fhoot 
down -right  Roots,  which,  when  cut 
off,  oft-times  proves  the  Death  of 
the  Tree,  In  all  bther  refpe&  it 
mud  be  treated  like  other  flowering 
Shrubs :  amongfl  which,  this  is  com- 
monly fold  at  the  Nurferies.  It  de- 
lights' in  a  dry  Soil,  and  may  alfo  be 
propngated  by  laying  down  the  ten- 
der Branches ;  which  will  take  Root 
in  about  a  Year's  time,  and  may  then 
be  tranff lant^  Uxto  ^  Nurfery,  and 

lx^4Uiagc4 


E  N 

v^anaged  in  the  fame  manner  as  the 
Seedlings. 

EMPETRUM,  Black  -  berry'd 
Heath. 

The  Charaders  are ; 

It  bath  Lsa'ves  like  thofe  of  thi 
Heath:  the  Flowers  are  Male  and  Fe- 
luaUf  nuhich  gronio  in  different  Parts 
§f  the  fame  Plr.nt :  the  Male  Fltrw- 
frs  ha*ue  no  Petals  :  the  Female  Flow- 
ers are  fuccerded  hy  hlack  Berries ^  in 
each  of  *which  are  contained  three  or 
four  hard  Seeds, 

Wc  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant  in  England i  which  is, 

£  M  P  £  T  R  V  M  montanum,  fru8u  ni- 
gra, Toum.  Black- berry *d  Heath, 
Crow-berrie?,  or  Crake-berries. 

This  licrle  Shrub  grows  wild  upon 
the  Mountains  df  Stafford/hire^  Der- 
Ij^'irt,  and  Tori:/,  ire  ;  and  is  fcldom 
propagated  in  Gardens,  uolefs  for 
Variety-fake :  but  it  may  be  culti- 
vated in  (hady  Places,  where  the  Soil 
is  ftifF,  in  Gardens,  and  will  thrive 
very  well ;  and  may  be  propagated 
hy  fowing  the  Seeds,  foot)  after  they 
are  ripe,  in  a  moill  (hady  PI  ace,  which 
fhould  be  kept  clear  from  Weeds, 
and  fufFcrM  to  remain  undiflurbed 
until  the  fecond  Year,  at  which  time 
the  Plants  will  come  up;  and  the 
Year  following  may  be  tranfplant- 
cd  where  they  are  to  remain  j  and 
\v}ll  require  no  farther  Care  than  to 
clear  them  from  Weeds,  provided 
they  have  a  moill  Soil,  otherwife 
they  will  require  to  be  frequently 
watered  ;  for  thefe  low  Shrubs  com- 
monly erow  upon  the  Tops  of  wild 
Mountams,  where  the  Soil  is  gene- 
rally peaty,  and  full  of  Bogs :  the 
Heathcocks  feed  much  upon  the  Ber- 
ries of  this  Plant;  fo  that  wher^- 
ever  there  is  Plenty  of  thefe  low 
Shrubs,  there  are  commonly  many 
of  thefe  Fowls  to  be  found. ' 

ENyLA  CAMPAI^A.  /OV/Hc- 


E  P 

EPHEDRA,  Shrubby  Horfe-uU, 
vulgo. 

The  Charaders  are ; 

It  hath  an  apetalous  Flower,  coh" 

fifing  of  many  Stamina,  njohicb  ati 

for  the  moft  fart  barren  \  for  thiEm" 

hryoes  grow  on  different  Parts  of  th$ 

fame  Plants  or  on  other  Plants^  which 

ha*vi  no   confpicuous  Fhrwers :    theft 

Emhryoes  afterward  become  foft  Bir^ 

rieSy  in  nvhich  are  contained  marrf  ^4- 

*  long  Seeds* 

The  Species  are  j 

I.  Ephedra  maritima  tnajor^ 
Tourn     Greater  Sea  Horfe-taiL 

a.  Ephedra  maritima  mistor^ 
7ourn.     Leflcr  Sea  Horfe-tail. 

3. Ephedra  fi've  anahafis .  Bellmt. 
7'oum.     Climbing  Sea  Horfe-tail. 

4.  Ephedra  HiJ^anica  arhort" 
/cens,  tenuijjhnis  f«f  denfiffimis  foists. 
Tourn.  Spanijh  tree-like  Horie-tail, 
with  narrow  cluflery  Lteaves. 

5.  Ephedra  Cretica^  tentdorihus 
Cff  rariorthus fagellis,  Tourn,    Candy 

.Horfe-tail,  with  narrower  and  fewer 
Branches. 

6.  Ephedra  Orient  all s  procertor^ 
flageUis  duriorilusy  fcf  media  craffi" 
tiei,  Tourn,  Taller  Eaftern  Hor(e« 
tail,  with  harder  and  thicker 
Branches. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  pretty 
common  in  the  Englijh  Gardens; 
but  the  others  are  at  prefent  pretty 
rare  in  this  Country  ;  and  are  only 
cultivated  in  Botanic  Gardens  for  th^ 
fake  of  Variety ;  there  being  little 
Beauty  in  thefe  Plants,  nor  are  they 
ufed  in  Medicine. 

They  may  be  propagateH  by  Off- 
fets,  which  they  fend  forth  in  grea( 
Plenty  ;  for  they  creep  under  ground 
by  their  Roots,  and  fend  forth  Suck- 
ers, which  may  be  taken  off  to  tranf- 
plant  in  the  Spring.  They  love  ^ 
pretty  moid  llrong  Soil,  and  will  ea« 
dure  the  Cold  of  our  ordinary  Win* 
Kr8  very  well  in  the  open  Air.  The 


E  R 

US  Plant  prodaces  its  Flowers  m 
ii^Ay ;  buc  feldom  ripens  Seeds  with 
«s ;  which  roa/  be  owing  to  its 
fpreading  Roots,  v4iich  exhaufl  the 
Kourifhmenc  from  the  Flowers  and 
Fruity  and  might,  perhaps,  be  pro- 
cured, by  coniining  the  Roots  to  a 
l^ot.  The  Roots,  if  planted  in  a 
good  Border,  ihould  be  every  Year 
reduced,  fo  as  to  keep  it  within 
Bounds ;  otherwife  it  will  overi'pread 
file  whole  Spot,  and  dellroy  what- 
ever Plants  grow  near  it. 

EQUISETUM,  Horfe-tail. 

There  are  feveral  Species  of  this 
Phnt,  which  are  found  in  EnglanJ^ 
on  the  Sides  of  Ditches,  or  in  ihady 
Woods ;  but  as  they  are  Plants  which 
are  never  cultivated  in  Gardens,  I 
flutll  pafs  them  over  in  this  Place. 

ERANTHEMUM.  TiV/ Adonis. 

ERICA,  Heath. 
The  Charaffirs  are ; 

hit  aShruboflotw  Stature:  the 
Leagues  wrefmall^  and  ah^de  green  all 
the  Year  :  the  Floiver  confifts  of  one 
htafy  h  nakedy  and  for  the  moft  part 
Jhaped  like  a  Pitcher:  the  0*vary^ 
which  is  produced  in  the  Bottom  of 
the  FJonver,  Becomes  a  roundijh  Fruity 
nuhich  is  diinded  into  four  Cells^  in 
which  are  contained  many  f mall  Seeds  ^ 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Erica  'vulgaris glabra,  C.  B» 
Common  fmooth  Heath.  m 

2.  Erica  'vulgaris  hirfuta,  C.  5, 
Common  rough-leavM  Heath. 

3.  Erica  tenuifoUa.  G^r,  Fine 
narrow-leav'd  Heath. 

4.  Erica  vulgaris^  fhre  alio. 
C  B,  Common  Heath,  with  a 
white  Flower. 

5.  Erica  Brabantica^  folio  cori' 
disy  hirfuto  quaterno,  J.  B,  Lo^W"' 
Dutch  Heath. 

6.  Eti\c A  foliis  coridisy  multifora, 
J,  B.  Fir-lcav*d  Heath,  with  ma- 
ny Flowers. 

7.  Erica  Cantabricatfart  tnaxi' 


mOyfoUij  myrtijfubtus  incanis.  Tannic 
Hoary  myrtle -leaved  Heath,  withe 
I&rge  Flower. 

Theie  Plants  grow  wild  upon  bar- 
ren uncultivated  Places,  in  diven 
Parts  of  England:  but  notwithHand- 
ing  their  Commonnefs,  yet  they  de- 
ferve  a  Place  in  fmall  Quarters  oiF 
humble  flowering  Shrubs,  where,  by 
the  Beauty  and  long  Continuance  of 
their  Fipwers,  together  with  the  Di- 
Verfity  of  their  Leaves,  they  afford 
a  very  agreeable  Profpcd. 

Thefe  are  feldom  propagated  in 
Gar  Jens,  and  fo  not  to  be  had  from 
the  Nurferies ;  but  may  be  taken  up, 
with  a  6a4  of  Earth  to  their  Roots, 
from  the  natural  Places  of  their 
Growth,  either  in  Spring  or  Autumn, 
and  may  be  tranfplanted  into  the 
Garden.  The  Soil  where  they  arc 
planted  fhould  not  be  dung'd;  nor 
ihould  you  bellow  any  other  Culture 
on  them,  than  clearing  them  from 
Weeds  ;  for  the  lefs^the  Ground  is 
dug,  the  better  thefe  will  thrive: 
and  they  commonly  (hoot  their 
Roots  near  the  Surface,  which,  in 
in  digging,  are  fubjedl  to  be  hurt, 
whereby  the  Plant  is  often  deftroyed. 
Thefe  may  alfo  be  propagiited  by 
Seeds  ;  but  this  being  a  tedious  Me 
thod,  the  other  is  much  preferable 
to  it. 

ERICA    BACCIFERA.      FiJt 
Empetrum. 

ERIGERON.    Fide  ScnecuK 

ERUCA,  Rocket. 
The  CharaSers  are  j 

The  Flenuer  confijls  of  four  Leepon^ 
'which  expand  in  form  of  a  Crofs:  the 
Fointal  becomes  a  Pod,  'which  is  di^- 
'videdinto  t'wo  Cells  by  an  inUrmediate 
Partition^  to  'which  the  Valites  aJ^ 
hire  on  both  Sides:  thefe  Cells  are  full 
of  roundijh  Seeds:  to  fwhich  may  hg 
euided.  The  'whole  Plant  bath  a  pecu- 
litr  fetid  SmelL 

The 


E  R 

The  species  are; 
t.  Eruca  fyhoeftris  major  lutea^ 
iaule  afpero.    C.  B,     Greater  wild 
Rocket,  with  a  rough  Stalk,  and 
yellow  Flower. 

2.  Eruca  tenuifolia  teretinit^flort 
luteo,  J.  B,  Narrow  leaved  peren- 
nial Rocker,  with  a  yellow  Flower. 

3.  Eruca  bellidis folio,  Mor.  Htft^ 
Daify  leavM  Rocket. 

4.  Eruca  tanacetifolta,  H^  R* 
Par,     Tanfy-leav'd  Rocket. 

5.  Eruca  major  fati'va  annua ^ 
Jlore  al6o  firiato,  C.  B.  Great  Gar- 
den Rocket,  with  a  white  flriped 
Flower. 

6.  Eruca  /ativa,  folits  magi$ 
iiJf.B'ts.  Hort. Eiin,  Garden Rockit, 
with  deeply-cut  Leaves. 

The  four  firft  Sorts  are  Varieties 
which  are  preferved  in  curious  Bo- 
tanic Gardens;  but  are  Plants  of  no 
great  Beauty  or  Ufe:  the  firft  is 
very  common  upon  dry  Banks,  and 
old  Walls,  in  divers  Parts  of  Eng' 
land. 

The  fifth  Sort  was  formerly  very 
inuch  cultivated  in  Gardens  as  a 
Ballad- herb;  but  at  prefent  is  very 
litde  ufed. 

The  fixth  is  a  Variety  of  the  fifth, 
from  which  it  differs  in  having  the 
Leaves  deeply  cut  or  jagged. 

Thefe  may  be  all  propagated  by 
fowing  their  Seeds  in  the  Spring  on 
a  Bed  of  light  Earth,  where  they 
will  Toon  come  up ;  and,  being 
Plants  of  quick  Growth,  will  be 
large  enough  for  Ufe  in  a  (hort  time ; 
for,  if  they  are  fufFered  to  grow 
large,  they  become  too  ftrong  to  be 
eaten  in  Sallads.  Some  of  the  Plants 
may  be  left  for  Seeds,  which  they 
will  produce  in  great  Plenty  the  fame 
Summer. 

ERUCAGO,  Corn  rocket. 
The  CbaraSers  are  j 

^he  Flotver  confifls  of  four  Leagues  ^ 
mbicb  expand  inform  of  a  Croft :  the 


E  R 

Pointal  hicomit  a  four-cornered Trtntl 
nfembling  a  crefied  Clubj  fwbieh  ii^ 
for  the  mofi  part^  divided  into  fomr 
Cells ^  in  'which  are  contained  roundijk 
Seeds,  ivhich  batve  a  Beak. 

We  have  but  one  Species  of  this 
Plant;  which  is, 

Ervcago  fegetum.  Tourn*  Coni« 
rocket. 

This  Plant  grows  wild  in  the  warm 
Parts  of  France  and  Spain,  and  is 
preferved,  for  the  fake  of  Variety, 
in  curious  Botanic  Gardens.  It  ma/ 
be  propagated  in  like  manner  as  the 
Rocket;  but  being  a  Plant  of  no 
Beauty  or  Ufe,  is  hardly  worth  cui« 
tivating. 

IplRVUM,  Joiated-podded  bitter 
Vetch. 

The  CbaraSers  arc; 

It  hath  a  papilionaceons  t7o*wer^ 
out  of  *whofe  Empalement  arifes  the 
Pointal,  tvhich  becomes  a  jointed  Pod, 
undulated  on  both  Sides,  and,  in  a  man" 
ner,  knotted,  Ruhich  is  full  of  round' 
ijb  Seeds :  to  tvhich  may  be  added^ 
The  Leaves  grow  by  Pairs  on  a  Mid* 
rib. 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Ervum  *uerum  Camer,  The 
true  Ervum  oi  Camerarius,  This  is 
alfo  called  Orebus  Jiliquis  articnlatis. 
And  the  Seeds  of  this  are  fometimct 
ufed  in  Medicine. 

2.  Ervijm  fcmine  minore,  Tonrm, 
Small -feeded  Ervum. 

3;  Ekvu idfemine  obtufo  triangulo. 
Toum,  Ervum  with  an  obtufe  tri- 
angular Seed. 

4.  Ervum  Orientale  alopecuroidet 
perenne,  fruSlu  longij/imo.  T.  Cor, 
Oriental  perennial  Ervum^  with  a 
very  long  Fruit. 

^rhe  three  firft  Sorts  are  very 
common  in  the  Fields  in  warmer 
Countries;  but  are  preferved  in 
curious  Botanic  Gardens  for  Variety. 
They  may  be  propaged  in  the  fame 
manner  as  Peas ;  but  require  a  warm 

Soil/ 


E  R 

$oif,  tmd  an  open  Sicuadon,  other- 
wife  they  will  not  ripen  their  Seeds 
with  us.  In  the  hotter  Countries 
they  ufe  them  for  Food;  but  with 
OS  they  are  of  little  vUfe. 

The  fourth  Sort  Is  an  abiding 
Plant ;  the  Roots  will  continue  fede- 
ral Years,  provided  they  arc  not 
tranfplanted,  and  will  fpread  very 
fkr  under- ground :  the  Shoots  rife 
three  Feet  high ;  but  rarely  produce 
Flowers  in  England:  but  the  Plant 
dies  to  the  Root  every  Autumn  :  this 
is  propagated  by  its  Seeds,  which 
jhould  be  fown  where  the  Plants  are 
to  remain. 

ERYNGIUM,  Sea- holly  or 
Eryngo. 

The  Cb'araSirs  are ; 

7bt  Leaves  are  produced  alttmately 
§n  the  Branches:  the  Floftuen  confiji 
•ffive  Leagues y  ivhich  are  placed  orhi- 
'  adarfy,  and  are  reflex* d  beck  to  the 
Centre  of  the  Flonuer:  the  Empak^ 
ment  aftemuard  becomes  a  Fruity  com- 
f9^dof  tfwo  Seeds f  tuhich  are  fopu- 
titrtts  foliated^  and  fometimes  plain : 
$9  ^bicb  may  be  added^  7be  Flowers 
«r#  colleSed  into  a  fquamofe  Head^ 
mobicb  is  prickly. 

The  Species  are; 

I .  £r Y  N GX  u  M  maritimum,  C.  B, 
Seaholl)^  or  Eryngo, 
.    2,    Eryngium    vu/gare.    C,  B. 
Common  Eryngo. 

3 .  Er  Y  N  G I  u  M  latifolium  planum. 
C.  B.    Broad-leav'd  plain  Eryngo. 

4.  Eryngium  lat if dium  planum ^ 
taule  ex  *viridi  fallefcente,  fore  albo. 
C,  B.  Broad-leav'd  plain  Eryngo, 
with  a  greenilh  white  Stalk,  and  a 
white  Flower. 

5.  Eryngium  montanum  ame- 
thyflinum.  C,  B.  Purple  violet- 
colourM  mountain  Eryngo. 

6.  EryisCIUM  Alpinum  amethyfti^ 
Mam,  capitulomiijore  pallefcente.  Toum. 
Alfive  Eryngo^  with  a  large  pale-co- 
loufd  Head. 


E  R 

7.  ErVngium  Oriemtale^  fiUis 
trifdis.  T.  Cor.  Oriental  Eryngo^ 
with  trifid  Leaves. 

8.  Erynoixtm  foliis  gUnSolatit 
utrinque  laxe  ferratis,  denticulis  fubu- 
latis.  Lin,  Hort.  Cliff.  Amiricn 
Sea- holly,  with  Leaves  like  the  Aloe, 
lightly  facved,  commonly  called  Rat- 
tle-fnake-weed  in  America. 

9.  Eryngium  planum  minns.  C 
£.  P.    LeiTer  plain  Eryngo. 

10.  Eryngium  maritimjim  Lajsta' 
nicam,  an^liore  folio.  Infl.  R,  fL 
Portugal  Sea- holly,  with  a  broad 
Leaf. 

1 1 .  Eryngium  jflpimpntaemleam, 
capitulis  dipfaci.  C.  B,  P.  Blue 
jflpine  Eryngo,  with  Heads  like  the 
Teafel. 

12.  Ekyvcivu  eapitu/ij  pJylUx  ex 
oicilia.  Bocc.  Rar.  Plant.  Eryngo 
from  Sicily,  with  Fleawort-heads. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Species  grows  m 
great  Plenty  on  the  fandy  and  gravel- 
ly Shores  in  divers'  Parts  of  England, 
the  Roots  of  which  are  candy  *d,  and 
fent  to  London  for  Medicinal  Ufe  i 
and  is  the  true  Eryngo. 

The  fifth,  fixth,  eight,  eleventh, 
ahd  twelfth  Sorts  are  beautiful  Plants 
in  Gardens;  tho*  at  prefent  they 
are  very  uncommon  in  England', 
but  deferve  a  Place  hi  the  fnoft  curi- 
ous Flower-gardens. 

The  firil  and  fecond  Sorts  >bave 
creeping  Roots,  which  fpread  fax 
under-ground;  fo  that  when  once 
the  Plants  are  fixed,  they  will  pro- 
pagate themfelves  in  plenty,  efped- 
ally  the  fecond  Sort,  which  will  be- 
come a  troublefome  Weed ;  therefore 
is  rarely  admitted  into  Gardens. 

The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  feldom 
continue  long ;  fo  fhould  be  renewed 
by  fowing  of  their  Seeds,  Which 
ripen  in  plenty :  and  if  they  are  (own 
in  Autumn  foon  after  they  are  ripe, 
the  Plants  will  come  up  well  the 
following   Spring;    but  when  the 

«   Seeds 


E  R 

Seeds  are  fown  in  the  Spring,  it  is 
commonly  a  Year  before  the  Plants 
come  up:  thefe  Plants  are  hardy 
enough  to  thrive  in  almoft  any  Soil 
or  Situation. 

The  fifths  fixth,  feventh,  tenth, 
eleventh,  and  twelfth  Sorts  are  all 
perennial  Plants,  and  will  all  of 
them,  except  the  lafl,  grow  in  any 
Soil  or  Situation  s  but  the  laft  fliould 
be  planted  in  a  warm  Border,  other- 
wife  the  Co'd  of  the  Winter  will 
deftroy  the  Plants, 

Thefe  may  all  be  propagated  by 
(owing  their  Seeds  in  a  Border  of 
common  Earth,  as  was  ditedled  for 
the  former  Sorts ;  and  may  be  plant- 
ed where  they  are  to  remain  at 
Michaelmas :  the  fifth  is  by  much  the 
moil  beautiful  of  all  the  Sorts,  and 
will  thrive  in  any  Part  of  the  Gar- 
den ;  fo  merits  a  Place  :  and  feme 
of  the  other  Sorts  may  be  cultivated 
in  large  Gardens,  where  there  is 
room  for  Variety;  but  are  not  fo 
proper  for  fmali  Gardens. 

The  eighth  >Sort  is  a  Native  of 
America :  the  Seeds  of  this  Sort  have 
been  introduced  of  late  into  the 
l^ngUJb  Gardens,  where  the  Plants 
are  now  pretty  common :  thefe  Plants 
in  their  Growth  have  a  great  JRe- 
femblance  to  fome  Sorts  of  Aloes, 
or  the  Yucca;  but  the  Leaves  are 
thinner,  and  of  a  pale  glaucous  Co- 
lour, and  fawed  on  their  Edges :  in 
the  Centre  of  the  Plant  the  Flower- 
ftem  arifes  about  two  Feet  high  or 
upwards,  producing  Flowers  in  an 
Umbel  on  their  Tops.  It  is  faid, 
that  this  Plant  will  cure  the  Bite  of 
the  Rattle- fnake,  when  it  is  imme- 
diately applied ;  and  from  thence 
the  Inhabitants  of  Virginia  gave 
It  the  Title  of  Rattle-fnake-wced. 

This  Sort  is  propagated  by  Seeds ; 

but  as  the  Seeds  do  not  often  ripen 

in  this  Country,  fo;  if  they  are  not 

procured  from  abroad,   the  Planu 

Vol.  I. 


E  R 

cannot  be  had  in  great  Plenty  %  for 
they  do  not  fend  forth  OfF-fets :  but 
as  the  Plants  will  continue  manjr 
Years,  wheA  once  they  are  obtained* 
they  may  be  eaiJly  preferved ;  for 
they  will  endure  the  Cold  of  pur 
common  Winters  in  the  open  AiV, 
provided  they  are  planted  in  a  dry 
Soil,  and  have  a  warm  Situation. 
When  the  Stfeds  of  this  Plant  are  ob-' 
tained,  if  they  are  fown  in  a  Bed  of 
light  Earth  early  in  the  Spring,  the 
Plants  will  come  up  the  fame  Sum* 
mer,  and  be  fti^ong  enough  to  tranf- 
plant  by  Michaelmas. 

ERYSIMUM,  Hedge-muftard. 
The  CharaQers  are ; 

^be  F/ww/r  cortfiftj  of  four  Lea^ves^ 
nvhicb  expand  in  fwm  of  a  Crofs:  thi 
Pointal  becomes  a  longjlender  bi^al<v§ 
'  Foi^  nubicb  is  di'vided  into  two  Cells 
by  an  intermediate  Partition^  in  nvbicb 
are  contained  many  round  Seeds, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Erysimum  vu/gare.  C,  B. 
Common  Hedge-rmuftard. 

2.  Erysimum  latifolium  majns 
glabrum,  C.  B.  Great  broad-lea v*d 
fmooth  Hedge-muflard. 

5.  Erysimum  polyceratium  wel 
eomiculatum,  C.  B.  Hedge-maAard 
with  many  crooked  Pods. 

4.  Erysimum  angnfiifoUum  mm^ 
jus,  C  B.  Great  narrow*leav*d 
Hedge-muftard. 

5.  Erysimum  Sophia  diaum. 
Rail  Syn,  Ed   3.    Flix-weed. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Plant,  which  are  preferved 
in  Botanic  Gardens:  but  as  they 
are  Plants  of  little  Ufe  or  Beauty, 
they  are  feldom  propagated  in  any 
other  Garden. 

The  firft,  fecond,  and  fifth  Sorts 
are  very  common  upon  dry  Banka 
in  divers  Parts  of  England:  but  the 
third  and  fourth  Sorts  are  'Natives 
of  a  warmer  Country. 

Thefe  may  all  be  propagated  by 
H  h  fowing 


E  S 

fowing  their  Seeds  foon  after  they 

^arc  ripe,  which  will  coxne  up  in  a 
fhort  time,  and  will  fiand  abroad^ 

*  and  endure  the  Winter's  Cold  very 
well  i  and  early  in  the  Spring  they 
will  fhooc  up  to  Flower,  and  pro- 

'  duce  ripe  Seeds  in  June  or  July  \  but 
if  they  are  fuwn  in  the  Spring,  the 
Seeds  feldom  coioe  up  fo  well ;  nor 
do  the  Plants  airive  at  half  the 
Strength  of  thofe  fown  in  Autumn ; 
for,  when  the  Heat  comes  on,  they 
foon  run  up  to  Flower,  and  thereby 
produce  not  half  the  Quantity  of 
Seeds. 

The  iix^  and  fifth  Sorts  are  ufed 
in  Medicine,  but  particularly  the 
fifth,  the  Seeds  of  which  are  by  ma- 
ny People  faid  to  be  an  extraordinary 
Medicine  for  the  Stone  and  Gravel. 
E3PALIERS, 

Are  either  Kows  of  Trees  planted 
about  a  whole  Garden  or  Plantation, 
or  in  Hedges^  fo  as  to  inclofe  Quar- 
ters, or  feparate  Parts,  of  a  Garden, 
which  are  trained  up  Hat  in  a  clofe 
Hedge,  for  the  Defence  of  tender 
Plarits  againft  the  Violence  and  In- 
jury of  Wind  and  Weather.  See 
Hedges. 

I'he  moft  commonly  received  No- 
tion of  Efpaliers  are  Hedges  of 
Fruit-trees,  which  are  train*d  up  re- 
gularly to  a  Lattice  of  Wood- work  ; 
formed  either  of  A (h -poles,  or  fquare 
long  Timbers  cut  out  of  Fir,  ^c. 
and  it  is  of  this  Sort  of  Efpalier  that 
I  iliall  treat  in  this  Place. 

Efpaliers  of  Fruit-trees  arc  com- 
monly planted  to  furround  the  Quar- 
ters of  a  Kitchen-garden  ;  for  which 
Purpoie  they  are  of  admirable  Ufe 
and  Beauty :  for  by  laying  out  the 
Walks  of  this  Garden  regularly, 
which  are  bounded  on  each  Side  by 
tbefe  Hedges,  when  they  are  hand- 
fomely  managed,  they  have  a  won- 
derful EfFcfl  in  (heltering  the  K  itcben- 

-'  pianti  in   the  Quarters,    and   alfo 


E  S 

fcref  ning  them  from  the  Sight  of 
Pcrfons  in  the  Walks;  fo  that  a 
Kitchen-garden,  well  laid  out  in  this 
manner,  and  regularly  managed, 
will  be  equal  to  the  £nefl  Parterre 
for  Beauty. 

The  Trees  chiefly  planted  for 
Efpaliers  are  Applei^,  Pears,  and  fome 
Plums ;  but  the  two  former  are  mofi- 
ly  ufed :  fome  plant  Efpaliers  of 
Apples  grafted  upon  Paradife-flocki; 
but,  thele  being  of  a  (hort  Duration, 
are  not  fo  proper  for  this  Purpofe ; 
therefore  I  fhould  rather  advife  the 
having  them  upon  Crab-flocks,  or 
(if  in  fmaller  Gardens,  where  the 
Trees  cannot  be  allowed  to  grow  fo 
high)  upon  what  the  Gardeners  call 
the  Dutch  Stock  ;  which  will  canfe 
them  to  bear  fooner,  and  prevent 
their  growing  too  luxuriant. 

In  choofmg  the  Trees  for  an  Efpa- 
lier, endeavour,  as  near  as  poflible, 
to  plant  the  feveral  Sorts  which  are 
nearly  of  the  fame  Growth  in  one 
Line,  that  the  Efpalier  may  be  the 
more  regular,  and  of  an  equal 
Height,  which  greatly  adds  to  their 
Beauty ;  for  if  yon  plant  Trees  which 
fhoot  \vjy  unequally  in  the  fame 
Line,  it  will  be  impolTible  to  make 
tiie  Efpalier  regular:  befides,  the 
Didance  the  Trees  are  to  be  planted 
muil  be  directed  hereby ;  for  fome 
Trees,  a//a:.  thofe  of  a  larger  Growth, 
fhould  be  planted  cwenty-five  or 
thirty  Feet  afuoder ;  whereas  thofe 
of  fmaller  Growth  need  not  be  above 
fixteen  or  eighteen  Feet  Diflance 
from  each  other. 

The  Width  of  the  Walks  between 
thefe  Efpaliers  fhould  (in  a  large 
Garden)  be  fourteen  or  fixteen  Feet 
at  lead ;  and  if  they  are  defi?ned  to 
be  carried  up  pretty  high,  the  Di- 
flance fhould  be  greater,  that  each 
Side  may  receive  the  Advantage  c^ 
the  Sun  and  Air ;  which  is  abfolutely 
neceflary,  if  you  would  have  the 

Fr«U 


E  S 

Fruit  well-tafied.  And  if  your 
Ground  is  fo  fituated,  that  you  are 
at  foil  Liberty  which  Way  to  make 
the  Efpaliets,  I  would  advifc  the 
placing  the  Lines  from  the  Eafl  a 
little  inclining  to  the  South,  and 
toward  the  Weft  a  little  inclining  to 
the  North,  that  the  Sun  may  ftiine 
between  the  Rows  in  the  Morning 
and  Evening  when  it  is  low  ;  for  in 
the  Middle  of  the  Day,  when  the 
Sun  is  advanced  far  above  the  Ho- 
rizon, it  will  fhine  over  the  Tops 
of  theEfpaliers,  and  reach  the  Sur- 
face of  the  Earth  about  their  Roots ; 
which  is  a  Matter  of  more  Confe- 
quence  than  many  People  are  aware 
of. 

The  Sorts  of  Apples  proper  for 
Efpaliers  are  the  Golden  Pippin, 
Nonpareil,  Rennette  Grife,  Aroma- 
tic Pippin,  Holland  Pippin,  French 
Pippin,  IVbeeUr'^  Ruffet,  Pile's 
Ruffct,  with  feveral  others.  The 
Seafon  for  plantings  and  the  Method 
of  pruning  and  training  thefe  Trees, 
you*Il  fee  under  the  Articles  of  Jp- 
flesy  and  Pruning, 

The  Sorts  of  Pears  proper  for  ah 
Efpalierarc  Summer  and  Autumn 
'Fruits ;  for  fome  of  the  Winter  Pears 
feldom  fucceed  well  in  an  Efpalier. 
Thefe  Trees,  if  defigned  for  a  lirong 
inoift  Soil;  fhould  be  upon  Quince- 
flocks;  but  if  for  a  dry  Soil,  apon 
Free-ftocks.  Their  Diftatce of  Plant- 
ing muft  be  regulated  by  the  Growth 
of  the  Trees,  which  arc  more  un- 
equal in  Pears  than  Apples,  and 
fhould  therefore  be  more  carefully 
examined  before  they  arc  planted. 
As  for  thofe  Pears  upon  Free-flocks, 
the  Dilance  (bould  never  be-lefs 
than  twenty -five  Feet  for  moderate- 
growing  Trees;  but  for  vigorous 
Shooters,  the  Space  of  30  or  35  Feet 
is  little  enough,  efpecially  if  the 
Soil  be  ftrong,  in  which  Cafe  they 
ihoold  be  planted  at  a  greater  Di- 


E  S 

.ftance.  The  particular  Sorts  of 
Pears  I  would  recommend  for  aa 
Efpalier,  are  the  Jargonelle^  Blan- 
quette^  Poire  fans  Peau^  Summer 
Bohcrctien^  Uamden*s  Burgamot,  Poire 
du  Prince y  Autumn  Bergamot^  VAm'- 
brette^  Gros  Ro^ffelet^  Cbakmontclle^ 
Beurre  du  Roy,  Lc  Marquis,  Crejfune^ 
with  many  other  of  lefs  Note,  al- 
ways remembring,  that  thofe  Pears 
which  are  of  the  melting  Kind,  will 
do  better  in  Efpalier  than  the  break- 
ing Pears,  which  feldom  ripep  well 
on  Efpalier :  you  (hould  alfo  be  care- 
ful of  the  Stocks  thefe  are  grafted 
on ;  for  if  the  breaking  Pears  are 

f rafted  upon  Quince- tlocks,  the 
ruit  will  be  ftony.  As  for  the 
Method  of  Planting,  fee  the  Article 
Pear ;  and  for  Pruning  and  Manage- 
ing,  fee  Pruning, 

1  (hall  now  give  Direflions  for 
making  the  Efpalier,  x»  which  the 
Trees  arc  to  be  trained :  but  this  I 
would  not  have  done  until  the  third 
Year  after  the  Trees  are  planted ; 
for  while  they  are  yoang,  it  will  be 
fufficient  to  drive  a  few  fhort  Stakes 
into  the  Ground  on  each  Side  of  the 
Trees,  to  which  the  Branches  (hould 
be  fiiftened  in  an  horizontal  Pofirion, 
as  they  are  produced ;  which  Stakes 
may  be  placed  nearer,  or  at  a  farther 
Diftance,  according  as  the  Shoots 
produced  may  require,  and  will  be 
fufficient  for  the  three  firft  Years; 
for  fhould  you  frame  the  Efpalier 
the  firft  Year  the  Trees  are  planted, 
the  Poles  would  rot  before  the  Efpa- 
lier  is  covered.  The  chcapeft  Me- 
thod to  make  thefe  Efpaliers  is  with 
A(h-p6Ies,  of  which  you  (hould  have 
two  Sorts  J  one  of  the  largeft  Size, 
which  contains  thirteen  Poles  in  a 
Bundle,  and  the  other  Size  thofe  of 
half  an  Hundred  ;  the  (irft  or  largeft- 
fvLt,  Poles  (hould  be  cut  about  feven 
Feet  and  an  half  long ;  thefe  are  VX' 
tended  foir  upright  Stakes,  and  m«ft 
H  h  z  be 


J 


E  S 

I 

be  (harpened  at  the  lai^jeft  End*  that 
they  may,  with  morefiafe,  be  driven 
into  the  Ground;  thefe  fhould  be 
placed  at  a  Foot  Didance  from  each 
other  in  a  dire^  Line,  and  of  an 
equal  Height,  about  fix  Feet  ^bove- 
ground  i  Chen  you  fiiould  nail  a  Row 
of  ftrait  {lender  Poles  along  upon  the 
Tops  of  the  upright  Stakes,  which 
will  keep  them  exactly  even,  and 
continue  to  crofs  tlie  Stakes  with  the 
fmailer  Pol'.s,  and  the  Tops  which 
wete  cut  off  from  the  larger  ones,  at 
aboac  nine  Inches  DiHance,  Row 
from  Row,  fron^  the  Top  to  the 
Bottom  of  the  Stakes.  Thefc  Rows 
of  Poles  Ihould  be  faftened  with  Wire, 
and  the  largeil  End  of  the  Poles 
(hould  be  nailed  to  the  upright  Stakes, 
which  will  fecurethe  Efpalier  almoil 
as  long  as  the  Poles  will  endure; 
whereas,  if  your  Failening  is  not 
flrong,  the  Poles  will  be  continually 
difplaced  with  every  ftrong  Wind. 

When  the  Efpalier  is  thus  framed, 
you  mufl  fjflen  the  Branches  of  the 
Trees   thereto,    either  with   fmall 
Ofier-twigs,  or  fome  fuch  Binding, 
obferving  to  train  them  in  an  hori- 
zontal Portion,   and  at  equal  Di- 
fiances;  being  careful  not  to  crofs 
any  of  the  tranches,    nor  to  lay 
them  in  too  thick :  the  Ditlance  I 
would  allow   for  the  Branches  of 
Pcar^  znd  Apples,  fhould  be  propor- 
tfetlKWrccording  to  the  Size  of  their 
Fruit;  fuch  of  them  whofe  Fruit  is 
large,    as  the  Sutnmer   Boncretien^ 
Monfieur  John^  and  Beurre  du  Rty 
Pears,  and  the  Rennet  Grife,  Holland 
Pippin,    French  Pippin,    and  other 
large    Apples,    ihould  have    their 
Branches  iix  or  eight  Inches  Diflanq^ 
at  leaft ;    and  to  thofe    of .  leiler- 
Growth,  four  or  five  Inches  will  be 
fufikient.     But    for  farther  Direc- 
tions, I  ihali  refer  to  the  Artcles  of 
the  feverai  Fi  uics;  as  alfo  that  of 


E  V 

Pruning,  where  the  Particulan  will 
be  fufEciendy  explained. 

But,  befides  this  Sort  of  Efpalier 
made  with  Afh-poles,  there  is  an- 
other Sort  that  is  by  many  People 
preferred ;  which  is  framed  with 
fquare  Timbers  cut  to  any  Size,  ac- 
cording to  the  Strength  thereof,  or 
the  Expe nee  the  Owner  is  willing  to 
go  to :  thefe,  tho^  they  appear  more 
fightly,  when  well  fixed  and  painted, 
are  not  of  longer  Duration  than  one 
of  the  former,  provided  it  is  well 
made,  and  the  Poles  are  ftroiig  which 
are  fet  upright ;  nor  will  they  an- 
fwer  the  Purpofe  better,  tho'  they 
are  vaflly  more  expenfive ;  for  the 
greateil  Beauty  confifls  in  the  dif- 
pofing  the  Branches  of  the  Tree, 
which,  efpecially  in  Summer,  when 
the  Leaves  are  on,  will  intirely  hide 
from  the  Sight  the  Frame  of  the 
Efpalier:  therefore  all  Expence  in 
eredting  thefe  is  needlefs,  farther 
than  making  Provifion  to  fecure  the 
Branches  of  the  Trees  in  a  regular 
Order. 

Fruit-trees  thus  planted,  and  well 
m^aged,  are  much  preferable  to 
thofe  trained  up  in  any  other  Figure, 
upon  feverai  Accounts :  as  firft, 
thefe  take  up  very  little  room  in  a 
Garden,  fo  as  to  be  hurtful  to  the 
Plants  which  grow  in  the  Quarters ; 
and,  fecondiy,  the  Fruit^upon  thefe 
are  better  tailed  than  thofe  which 
grow  upon  Dwarfs,  the  Sun  and 
Air  having  freer  Accefs  to  every  Part 
of  the  Tree;  whereby  the  Dampnefs 
arifing  from  the  Ground  is  fooner 
diifipared;  which  is  of  lingular  Ad- 
vantage to  Fruit-trees  (as  hath  al- 
ready been  (hewn). 

EVER-GRELN  THORN.  FiJi 
■Fyracantha. 

■'  E^^ERLASTING    PEA.     Fide 
Lathyrus. 

EU- 


E  U  E  U 

EUONYMUS^  The  Splndle-tree,  before  the  Ptants  come  op ;  and  af- 

orPrickwood.  terwards  make  but  little  Progrefs 

The  Cbara^ers  are ;  during  the  three  or  four  firil  Years ; 

//  has  four  ndiflf  Una  ramtrng  whereas  thole  raifed  by  Layers  will 

mbng    tbt    Branches^   nvbicb   make  make  handfome  Trees  in  three  or 

them  appear y  in  fame  meafure^   qua-  four  Years  (xme. 
dranguiar :  the  Flowers,  for  tha  moft        The  third  Sort  is  a  Native  of 

part,  C9nfifi  of  four  Lea<ves,  lubicb  America  ;  and  has^  hut  of  l^Tte  Years, 

are  fucceeded  by  quadrangular  Fruit,  been  propagated  in  the  Nurferies. 

eontaining  four  red  Seeds  in  eacb.  This  Plant  is  an  Ever-green,  and 

The  Species  are;  will  rife  to  the  Height  of  ux  or  eight 

I.  EuoNYMUs   njulgaris,   grants  Feet;  and  produces   Fruit  in  Eng" 

rubentibus,    C.  B,     1  he    common  land,  which  ripens  late  in  the  Au- 

Spindle-tree.  '  tumn,  and  will  continue  upon  the 

'2.  EuoNYMVs   latifolius,    C.  B.  Shrubs  great  Part  of  Winter;    at 

Broad-leavM  Spindle-tree.  which  time,  when  the  Plants  have 

3.  EuoNYMUs  yirginianut,  pyra^  plenty  of  Fruit,  intermixed  with  the 

tantba  foliis,  fempernjirens,  capfiiia  green  Leaves^  they  maJ&e  a  fine  Ap- 

nferrucarum  inflar  afperata  rubente*  pearance. 

FUk.   Pbyt,   115.  /*.   5.     Virginian        If  this  Shrub  is  planted  in  a  (heU 

Ever-green  Spindle  tree,  with  rough  tered  Situation,  it  will  live  in  the 

waned  red  Seed  veflels.  open    Air,    and  thrive    very  well. 

The  firft  of  the  Species  is  very  It  is  chiefly  propagated  by  Layers, 

common  in  Hedges  m  divers  Parts  becaufe  the  Seeds  lie  in  the  Ground 

of  England;  where  it  feldom  rifes  to  a  whole  Year  before  the  Plants  ap- 

any  coniiderable  Stature:    but,    if  pear. 

planted  amongft  other  Trees  in  Wil-         EUPATORIOPHALACRON, 
dernefs-quarters,  may  be  trained  up  Naked-headed  Hemp-agrimony, 
fo  as  to  become  a  large  handfome  The  Charatien  are ; 
Tree;  and  in  the  Autumn-feafoo,          //    //    a     corymhiferous    Plant, 
when  the  Frnit  is  ripe,  makes  a  very  tvbicb  in  fome  Species  batb  radiatea 
handfome  Appearance.     The  Wood  Flowers,  ivbofe  Florets  are  Herma- 
of  this  Tree  is  ufed  by  the  Inilru-  pbrodite,  and  tbe  Half  florets  are  /V- 
ment* makers,  for  Toothing  of  Or-  male',  but  in otber Species  tbe Flowers 
gans    and  Virginal -keys.    Tooth-  are  produced  in  a  Dijk,  and  are,  for,. 
pickers.  Spindles,  and  to  make  Skew-  tbe  mojl  part,  Hermapbrodtie:    tb§ 
ers,  &f  r.     The  broad-leav*d    Sort,  Chjaries  ba've  naked  Heads,  and  are 
tho*  very  common  in  moil  Parts  of  placed  on  a  woolly  Placenta  :  all  tbefe 
Europe,  yet  is  rarely  to  be  found  in  Parts  are  contained"  in  a  Flo^wer  cup, 
England,  except  in  curious  Collcdli-  wbicb  is  divided  into  many  Parts  /# 
ons  of  Trees  aid  Shrubs.  Thefe  two  tbe  Placenta. 
Plants  are  very  hardy,  in  refpedt  to  The  Species  are ; 
Cold,  and  may  be  propagated  either        r.  Eupatoriophalacron  balfa' 
by   fowing    the.  Seeds,    or    laying  min/efxmimr  folio, flore  albodifcoide, 
down  the  Branches :    but  the  firft,  yaill.     Naked  headed   Hemp-agri- 
being  a  tedious  Method,  is  feldom  mony,  with  a  Female-balfam  leaf, 
praflifed  ;  for  the  Seeds  remain  in  and  a  white  difcous  Flower, 
the  Ground  ondl  the  fecond  Year       2.  EupAToaroPHALACRON  menr 

H  h  3  tba 


E  U 

tif/T  ar*vif/fij  folio,  VailL  Nakcd- 
headed  HempagrimoDyy  with  a 
Waie  r  calami  n  tii  leaf. 

3.  EurATORIOPHALACRON/J?//// 

cn^itflisy  rariks  dcntatts^fori  radiuta. 
VailL  Naked -Jicadcd  H en:  p- agri- 
mony, with  narrow- indented  Lea ves^ 
and  a  radiated  Flower. 

4.  EUPAT    RIOPHALACRON  foUo 

trinn<i}i  fubrotundo^fiort  mtnore  lutcQ. 
radiato,  VuilL  Naked-headed  Hfinp- 
agrimony,  with  a  roundifti  inner- 
vated Leaf,  and  a  iinaller  yellow 
radiated  Flower. 

5.  Ejpatoriophalacron  folio 
triner'vi  fubrotuftdoj  fore  mnjore  luteo 
radiato,  VailL  N akcd- headed  Hcmp- 
agrimony,  with  a  roundifh  triner- 
vated  Leaf,  and  a  larger  yellow 
radiated  Flower. 

6.  EUPATORIOPIIALACRON     pCT' 

Jicit  folio  trinir*uiy  fore  mitiimo  luteo 
difcoide,  VailL  Naked -headed  Hemp- 
agrimony,  with  a  trinervated  Peach- 
leaf,  and  the  leaft  yellow  difcous 
Flower. 

7.  EUPATORIOPHALACRON  fcTO- 
fhulaiitr folio  trimrvi*  VuilL  Naked- 

hcadeJ  Hem ;j- agrimony,  with  a  tri- 
nervated i''«gwort-lcaf. 

8.  EuPATORIOPIIALACRON  fcro- 
fhulariee  folio  trir:er*vi,  caule  alato. 

VailL  Naked -headed  Hemp-agri- 
mony, with  a  trinervated  Figwort- 
leaf,  and  a  winged  Stalk. 

9.  EUPATOKIOPHALACRON   ^me- 

ricanum  procumbens^  origani  folio^ 
fore  luteo.  Houjl.  Trailing  Anttrican 
naked-headed  Hemp  agrimony,with 
an  Origany  -  leaf,  and  a  yellow 
Flower. 

All  thefe  Plants,  being  annual, 
muft  be  fown  every  Spring  on  an 
Hotbed  ;  and  traofplantcd  after- 
ward to  another,  in  order  to  bring 
them  forward ;  otherwife  they  will 
not  perfc'ft  thejr  Seeds  in  this  Coun- 
ty:  for  mcU  of  il^em  s^r?  Native 


E  U 

of  the  warmer  Parts  of  America ; 
therefore  they  mull  be  treated  after 
the  manner  of  Amaranths,  bringing 
them  forward  on  Hot-beds  until 
June :  about  the  Middle  of  which 
Month,  they  may  be  tranfplanted 
into  Beds  or  Borders  of  rich  Earth  ; 
where,  if  tliey  are  duly  watered  in 
dry  Weather,  they  will  produce 
their  Flowers  in  yulj ;  and  their 
Seeds  will  ripen  in  St pr ember.  There 
is  no  great  Beauty  in  thefe  Plants ; 
therefore  they  are  feldom  cultivated, 
but  in  Botanic  Gardens,  for  the 
fake  of  Variety. 

EUPATORIUM,  Hemp -agri- 
mony. 

The  Charc^crs  are ; 

//  bath  a  perennial  fibrofe  Root : 
the Lea*ves  ate  placed  oppofite  upon  the 
Stalis :  the  C»p  of  the  Fle^wer  is 
long^  taper ^  and  Jcaiy  :  the  Flo^a;ers 
are  colkSled  into  an  Umbel  upon  the 
Tops  of  the  Stalis,  nuhich  conjtfi  of 
many  long  bifid  Threads* 
The  Species  arc ; 

1 .  Eu  P  AT  OR  I  u  u  castmabisuem, 
C.  B.     Common  Hemp- agrimony. 

2.  EuPATORIUM  nrtica-  foliis, 
Canadcrr/Cffcre  albo.  H.  L.  Canada 
Hemp  agrimony, with  Nettle- leaves, 
and  a  white  Flower. 

3.  El'Patorium  Nova  JfTgU^r^ 
urtica'foliiSfforil  us  purpurafieMlibns, 
ma cu lata  crule,  LL  L.  AVxy  England 
Hcmp-agrimony,  wiih  Nettle- leaves, 
purplifli  Flowers,  and  fpottcd  Stalks. 

4.  Eui>ATORiUM  folio  oblongo  m* 
go/oy  catilc  purpurafcentc.  Toum.  Ca» 
nada  Hemp  agrimony,  with  a  long 
rough  Leaf,  and  purplilh  Stalk. 

5.    EuPATORIUM    Ko'Vit    AngU^^ 

betonic/r  Joliis  I'illcfsy  fore  alho. 
Par.  Bat.  Ne*w  -  England  Hemp* 
agrimony,  with  Be  tony -leaves,  a:;d 
a  white  Flower. 

6.     EuPATORIUM     Atnericaanm 
fcandvUx    ^^f^Q    magis   acuminata 


E  U 

Jslh.  Fa  ill.  Climbing  American 
Hemp-agrimony,  with  a  fpear-like 
iharp- pointed  Leaf. 

7.  £u  PAT  o&iu  M     Americanum^ 
filiis   rQtundiorihus  ahfque  pediculis. 

FailL  American  ,Hemp-agrimony, 
with  round  Leares,  without  Fooc- 
ftalks. 

8.  EuPATORTUM  fc aniens y  foliis 
/mhrotufulis   lucidity   fleribus  fficatit 

aibis,  Heuft.  Climbing  Hemp  agri- 
mony,  with  roundifh  ihining  Leaves, 
and  white  Flowers  growing  in  a 
Spike. 

9.  EuPATORiUM  Americanum, 
tgucrii  folioy  Jlore  nifueo,  VailL  Mem. 
Acad.  Scien.  American  Hemp-agri- 
mony, with  a  Tree-germander  Leaf, 
and  a  white  Flower. 

10.  FupATORiUM  Firginianmrn, 
fal'viif  foliis  longijjimis  acuminatis^ 
ferfoliatum,  Pluk.  Almag.  Virginian 
Hemp  -  agrimony,  with  long  fage- 
like  Leaves  cbfely  furrounding  the 
Stalk. 

11.  EuPATORiuM  hetonic/e  folio 
gUsbro  y  camofe^flore  caritleo,  Houft, 
Hemp-agrimony  with  a  ilefhy  fmooth 
Betony-leaf,  and  a  blue  Flower. 

12.  EuPATORlUM  Americanum 
arhtrefeensy  mori  folio^  Jbribus  ml- 
bicantibus,  Houft,  Tree-like  Ame- 
rican Hemp-agrimony,  with  a  Mul- 
berry-leaf, and  white  Flowers. 

13.  EuPATORiUM  Americanum 
frutefcens,   baljamina    Inie^  foliis, 

nigrit  maculis  punSatis.  Houft,  AmC' 
rican  ihrubby  Hemp-agrimony,  with 
yelfow  Balfamine-leaves  fpotted  with 
black  Marks. 

14.  EuPATORiUM  Perufvianttm, 
folio  fuhrotundo  trinervi  uirinque 
acntOy  flore  eatruho,  VailL  Mem, 
Acad.  Scien,  Pirwviun  Hemp-agri- 
mony, with  roundilh  Leaves  ending 
in  a  (harp  Point,  and  blue  Flowers. 

The  firft  of  thefc  Plants  is  found 
wild  by  Ditches  and  River- fides  in 
moll  Parts  of  England}  and  is  the 


only  Species  of  this  Genus  wbich  it 
a  Native  in  Europe  \  but  Americet 
aboands  with  a  vaft  Number  of  Spe- 
cies, many  of  which  are  annuzdly 
brought  over,  and  preferved  in  cu- 
rious Botanic  Gardens;  tho*  the  iirft 
Sort  is  only  at  prefent  ufed  in  Me- 
dicine. 

Thefe  Plants  are. mod  of  them 
hardy  enough  to  endure  the  Cold  of 
our  Winters  in  the  open  Air,  pro- 
vided they  are  planted  in  a  dry  Soil ; 
and  may  be  propagated  by  parting 
their  Roots  in  March  ct  O^ober : 
but  if  you  do  this  in  the  Spring,  you 
mufl  obferve  to  water  and  ihade  the 
Plants  until  they  have  taken  Root, 
if  the  Weather  (hould  prove  dry ; 
and  thofe  that  are  tranfplanted  in 
Autumn,  fhould  be  protc^cd  from 
fevere  Frpfti  in  Winter;  which 
would  be  apt  to  deflroy  them  before 
they  have  got  h&,  rooting  in  the 
Ground. 

Thefe  Pbnts  may  alfo  be  propa- 
gated by  fowing  their  Seeds,  which 
fliould  be  done  early  in  the  Spring, 
upon  a  Bed  of  light  Earth,  obferviug 
to  water  them  in  dry  Weather :  but 
they  feldom  come  up  until  the  fe- 
cpnd  Year ;  and  it  is  not  till  the 
third  Year  that  they  produce  Flowers: 
therefore  if  the  Plants  are  not  too 
thick  in  the  Seed -bed,  they  may  be' 
permitted  to  remain  there  till  after 
their  Flowers  arc  pad  ;  and  in  Oc- 
toher  remove  them  to  the  Places 
where  they  are  defigncd  to  grow. 

The  eighth,  eleventh,  twelfth, 
and  thirteenth  Sorts  are  Natives  of 
the  warm  Parts  of  America ;  fo  will 
not  live  abroad  in  England:  thefe 
mud  be  kept  in  Pots,  and,  houfed  in 
Winter ;  and  if  in  cold  dark  Wea- 
ther they  are  not  placed  in  a  mode* 
rate  Warmth,  they  are  vtry  fubjedt 
to  mould  with  the  Damp ;  which 
will  caufe  their  Stems  to  decay.  Th^ 
eighth  Sort  .19  a  climbing  Plant; 
Hh  4  fo 


E  U 

fo  Ihoald  be  fvpported  by  Stakes ; 
and  will  grow  to  the  Height  of  feven 
or  eight  Feet. 

The  twelfth  Sort  grows  to  be  a 
large  Shrob :  the  Leaves  of  this  are 
as  urge  as  thofe  of  the  Mulberry- 
tree  ;  and  the  Tufts  of  Flowers  bie- 
spg  large*  and  produced  at  the  Ends 
of  the  Shoots»  make  a  fine  Appear- 
ance when  they  are  in  Flower ;  but 
vnlefs  this  is  placed  in  a  moderate 
Stove,  it  will  not  thrive. 

The  feven  firfl  Sorts  are  Plants  of 
no  great  Beauty ;  fo  are  rarely  pre- 
iiervcd  but  in  Bounic  Gardens. 

The  ninth,  twelfth,  and  thirteenth 
Sorts  may  be  propagated  by  Cuttings 
4uring  the  Summer-feafon ;  which 
Ihould  be  planted  in  Pots  filled  with 
freih  light  Earth,  and  plunged  into 
a  moderate  Hot-bed;  where  they 
fhould  be  (haded  and  watered  until 
they  have  taken  Root,  when  they 
tqzy  be  expofed  to  the  open  Air  by 
degrees.  Thefe  Plants  may  be  placed 
in  the  open  Air  in  Summer,  amongft 
other  hardy  Exotic  Plants  i  but  in 
Winter  they  fhould  be  placed  in  a 
good  Green-houfe,  obferving  to  let 
them  have  the  free  Air  in  mild  Wea- 
ther i  and  they  muft  be  frequently 
refre&ed  with  Water.  With  this 
Management  thefe  Plants  will  flower 
every  Year ;  and  may  be  allowed  a 
Place  in  fuch  Gardens  where  other 
Exotic  Plants  are  preferved.    • 

EUPHORBIA,  The  Borning 
Thorny-plant. 

The  Gbarmafri  are  \ 

7bi  EmfaUmgMt  §/  tbi  Flower  is 
$f  wi  teoff  ond  is  diwded  at  the 
'  irim  i»t0  fiw  or  five  ftarts  :  tbi 
F/owgr  baSf  for  tbe  moji  part^  four 
fbick  trunsatid  Pttals^  nvbiib  are 
deeply  indented  :  in  tbe  Centre  of  tbe 
flonver  is  fitnated  the  Point al^  n»hicb 
ii  amended  h^  main  Stamina;  tbe 
t9inttfi(ijieryifisrd^]^aii^q  to  a  rf9fnff^ 


E  U 

ijb  Fmit  having  three  Cells,   imth 
containing  one  rostnSfi>  Seed, 

This  Genus  of  Plants  has  been 
titled  Enphorhium,  which  is  the 
Name  of  the  Gum  ufed  in  Medi- 
cine; but  as  Pliny  has  given  the 
Plant  the  Title  of  Euphorbia,  to 
diflingoiih  it  from  the  Drug,  Dr.  Lin- 
nitns  has  adopted  the  fame  Name ; 
and  added,  to  this  Genus,  all  the 
Species  of  Spurge,  from  the  Agree- 
ment there  is  in  the  eiTential  Cha- 
rafiers  of  thofe  two  Genera,  We 
have  no  good  Englijh  Name  for  this 
Genus;  that  of  the  Burning  Thorny^ 
plant  having  been  uftd  by  Parkinfin^ 
I  have  placed  here :  but  as  theZtf/w 
Name  is  now  more  commonly  ufed 
by  the  Gardeners,  I  ihall  continue  it. 
The  Species  are  j 

I.  Euphorbia  aculeata  triangw 
laris  fnhnuda  articulata,  ramis  pa* 
tentiins.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff,  Prickly 
triangular  jointed  Euphorbia,  with 
fpreading  Branches,  commonly  call'd 
the  true  Enphorbinsm  of  the  And- 
ents. 

3.  Euphorbia  acmUata  quadroM'* 
gnlaris  nnda.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff,  Naked 
quadrangular  prickly  Euphorbia, 
commonly  called  the  Canary  En^ 
pborhinm, 

3.  Euphorbia  acttleata  nnda  tri* 
angular  is  articulata,  ramis  ereBis, 
Thorny  jointed  triangular  Euphor- 
bia, with  upright  naked  Branches. 

4.  Euphorbia  aculeata  nnda  mul* 
tanguUtris,  aculeis  geminatis.  Lin, 
Hort,  Qiff.  Thorny  Euphorbia, 
with  many  Angles,  and  the  Spines 
growing  by  Pairs,  commonly  called 
the  torch -(hapM  Evpborhinm^ 

5.  Euphorbia  acuhflta  fendmnda 
mnltangnlaris^  acnJeis  geminatis,  Lin, 
Hort.  Cliff,  Thorny  half  naked  Eu* 
phorbia,  with  Angles  oblique  to  the 
Knobs,  commonly  called  the  oleao* 

der-le»v'd  S^fb^iiMm. 

6*  Sv^ 


E  U 

6.  Euphorbia  actdeata  nuJa^ 
fepttm^ngularis^  /pints  fQlitariii  fu- 
kulatis  fioriferh.  Lin,  Hort,  Cliff, 
Naked  thorny  Euphorbia,  with  long 
fingle  Spines,  producing  Flowers  at 
their  Extremities. 

7.  Euphorbia  tmrmis  t$3a  tu- 
herculis  imhricatii^  foliolo  lineari  /«- 
firuBis.  Lin.  Hort,  Cliff.  Euphor- 
bia without  Thorns,  and  clofel/ 
covered  with  Tubercles  lying  over 
each  other,  and  narrow  Leaves, 
commonly  called  M,:dufa*%  Head. 

8.  Eu  p HOR  B ^  A  bumlis^  ramis  fki* 
rimis  fyuamojis^  farihus  fejjilihus. 
"D^fnsi  Euphorbia,  with  many  fcaly 
Branches,  and  the  Flowers  growing 
without  Footftalks,  commonly  called 
the  little  Medu/a's  Head. 

9.  Euphorbia  bumlis^  ramis  fa- 
tuus  tsJftrcnlatis^  DwaHF  Euphor- 
bia, with  fpreading  Branches  covered 
with  Knobs. 

10.  Euphorbia  $rtBa  nuJa 
^Sangulisris^  ffinis  gtminatis  aduncis^ 
Jhribus  ftffilibus.  Naked  upright 
Euphorbia  having  eight  Angles, 
armed  with  fmall  crooked  Spines  by 
Pairs,  and  Flowers  having  no  Foot- 
fialks.  ~ 

1 1.  Euphorbia  inermis  fruticofa 
fubnuda  filif9rmis  trtSa^  ramis  fa- 
tttUs  determinatt  confertis.  Lin.  Uort^ 
Cliff.  Shrubby  fmooth  Euphorbia, 
with  flender  Branches  terminating  in 
CluHers,  commonly  called  Indiam 
Trec-fpurge. 

12.  Euphorbia  inermis  fruticofa 
nuda  filiformis  moluhilis^  cicatricibus 
oppofitis,  Hori.  Cliff.  Shrubby  naked 
Euphorbia,  with  fmooth  climbing 
Branches,  commonly  called  Indian 
Climbing  Spurge. 

13.  Euphorbia  inermis  fruticefa 
fiminuda  fiUfermis  fiaccida^  fit  is  «/- 
terms.  Lin.  Hori.  CUff.  Smooth 
flirubby  Euphorbia,'  with  taper  flac- 
cid Branches,  naked  below,  but 
VpWHAl  b^fo    with  U»ves   ilter- 


E  U 

nately,  commonly  called  Tree- 
fpurge  of  Mauritania. 

14.  Euphorbia  inermis^  folUt 
ofpofitis  lanceoUtis,  umhella  anr#wr« 
fali  quadrifida  tetrapbylla^  ulterior ibui 
diebotemis.  Lin.  Hort.  Vpfal.  Smooth 
Euphorbia,  with  Leaves  placed  op- 
pofite,  and  the  Flowers  growing  in. 
a  four>leav*d  Umbel,  and  the  Branches 
at  the  Top  dividing  into  two,  com- 
monly called  the  Great  Garden- 
fpurge,  or  Cataputia  major ;  and  b/ 
fome,  Efula  major,  r.  e.  Greater 
Spurge. 

15.  Euphorbia  inermis,  foliis 
eon/ertis,/uperioribus  rejltx/j,  latiori^ 
bus  lanceolatis,  umhella  univerfaH 
trifida,  partialibus  bifidis.  Lin.  Hortm 
Cliff.  The  myrtle-leav*d  Spurge^ 
vulge. 

16.  Euphorbia  inermis  fruticofa, 
foliis  lanceolatis  inttgerrimis^  floribuf 
folitariis  terminatricibus,    iwolucrts 

tripbyllij.  Lin.  Hort.  Oiff.  Smooth 
fhrubby  Spurge,  with  whole  fpear- 
(baped  Leaves,  and  Flowers  growing 
iingle  in  a  three-leav*d  Empalement 
at  the  End  of  the  Branches ;  com- 
monly called  Tree -fpurge  of  Ra* 
gufa. 

17.  Euphorbia  inermis^  foliis 
lanceolatis  t  umbclla  uni*verfali  mul* 
tifida,  partialibus  dicbotomis,  inv9* 
lucris femibifidis  perfoliaiis.  Lin.  HorK 
Cliff.  Smooth  Euphorbia,  with 
fpear-ibaped  Leaves,  and  the  Cover 
of  the  greater  Umbel  being  multifid* 
and  the  fmall  Umbels  having  a  bifid 
Cover  furrounding  the  Stalks,  com- 
monly called  the  Wood- fpurge. 

18.  Euphorbia  inermis,  foUts 
lanceolatis,  umhella  uni'verfaU  mnl* 
tifiiia  polypbylla,  partialibus  trifiJis^ 
tripbjllis  propriis  bifidis.  Lin,  Hert^ 
Oiff.  Shrubby  marfli  Spurge,  hf 
fome  called  Efula  minur. 

19.  Euphorbia  inermis^  foliis 
lanceolatis^  imvolucro  umnfcrfuli  fuidm 
fuefdo  Unceolato,  partiali  tetraphyll$ 

fubr^twids^ 


EU 

/kirotmdo,  propritj  dlfhylUs.  FJor, 
Leyd,  This  is  commonl/  called  the 
willaw-Ieav*d  Eallern  Spurge,  with 
a  purple  Stalk,  and  a  large  Flower. 

20.  Euphorbia  inermis  fruiicofa 
ftmnuda  MreSoy  umbella  univtrfaU 
femtaphylla  •hhnga^  partiaUbus  di- 
fkyliis  fubovatis.  Lin.  Hort.  Ciiff. 
Smooth  fhrubby  Spurge,  with  up- 
right half- naked  Stalks,  and  five 
oblong  Leaves  placed  under  the  prin- 
cipal Umbel,  and  each  of  the  fe- 
wate  Umbels  having  two  oval 
Leaves. 

21.  Euphorbia  tnetinis,  fvliis 
w^alibms  oppofitis  ferratis  mntformibi/f, 
rams  aJtermis,  cauU  treBo,  Lin,  Hart. 
Cliff.  Smooth  Spurge,  with  oval 
£iwed  Leaves  placed  oppoiite,  the 
Branthes  growing  alternate,  and  an 
upright  Stalk. 

22.  Euphorbia  intrmis^  f§Uis 
dimticnlatisj  caulinis  lanceolatis^  urn- 
hfUuhrum  cwdatis,  Lin,  H»rt,  Cliff, 
Smooth  Spurge,  with  indented 
Xeaves,  thofe  upon  the  Stalks  being 
^pear-(haped  ;  but  thofe  onder  the 
Flowers  are  heart-fhaped. 

23.  Euphorbia  incrmit  fmticoja^ 
ffliii  ceulinij  lineari-lanctolatis  in^ 
€0nijf  umbellularum  ovatis.  Shrubby 
Eaflem  Spuree,  with  narrow  fpear- 
ihaped  whitiih  Leaves  upon  the 
Stalks,  and  thofe  under  the  Flowers 
treoval. 

24.  Euphorbia  ineftHis,  filiis 
e^nfertis  linearibns,  umbiilauni'vtrfali 
muhifida^  partialibns  dichotomis,  fa- 
boUs  fhhrotundis,  Lin.  Hort,  Cliff, 
Pine- leaved  Spurge,  commonly  called 
in  the  Shops  E/u/a  minor, 

25.  Euphorbia  ingrmis  frmticofa^ 
foliii  lanciolatis^  invoiucro  uni'verfali 

quinquifido^  particnlari  trijido^  reli- 
quii  bijidis,  F/or,  Lugd.  Smooth 
llkrubby  Spurge,  with  fpear-fliaped 
Leaves,  and  the  Cover  of  the  prin- 
ppa!  Umbel  having  five,  and  tbof^ 
of  the  other  three  Leaver 


E  U 

26.  Euphorbia  inermsy  filiis 
fitaceo-lintisrilnts  conftrtis^  ttabellM 
unifverftth  multijida,  partiaUbus  ra- 
nnfe  bijidis,  Un,  Hort.  Uiff.  The 
Sea-fpurge. 

27.  Euphorbia    infrmss^  /qIUs 
9ppofitis  obliqui  cordatis  fgrratit  tmi- 

formibus^    ramis     alternisj     Jleribus 

folitariis.    Ltn.    Hort.    CUff.     Low 

annual  fpreading  Spurge,  with  heart* 

ihaped    faw'd    Leaves,    conunonly 

called  Cbanntfyct. 

The  twelve  Sorts  which  are  firft* 
mentioned  are  Natives  of  Africa: 
mod  of  thefe  are  preferved  in  warm 
Stoves,  for  the  fingular  Stru^ure 
of  the  Plants,  more  than  for  their 
Beauty:  thefe   have  been  brought 
into  Europi  by  the  Dntcb^  and  by 
theni  have  been  communicated  to 
mod  of  the  curious  Gardens  in  Em- 
rope.  The  live  firft,  asd  the  eleventh 
and  twelfth  Sorts  are  much  tenderer 
than  the  others :   thefe  cannot  be 
preferved  thro'  the  Winter  In  Eng- 
land^ unlefs  they  are  placed  in  a 
Stove  ;  nor  Ihould  they  be  expofed 
abroad  in  Summer ;  for  they  are 
very  fubjed  to  rot  with  much  MoiH- 
ure:  therefore  it  is  much  the  beft. 
Method  to  let  thefe  Plants  remain 
in  the  Houfe  all  the  Summer,  and 
open  the  Doors  of  the  Stove  every 
Day  in  good  Weather,  to  allow  them 
as  much  free  Air  as  pofiible :  with 
this  Management,  the  Plants  will 
thrive,  and  appear  green ;  whereas, 
when  they  are  placed  abroad,  they 
change  their  Colour,  appear  fickly, 
and  make  little  Progrefs. 
'    Thefe  Sorts  are  eafily  propagated 
by  Cuttines,  which  (hould   be  cut 
from  the  dd  Plants  in  Jtast :    when 
thefe  Cuttings  are  taken  ofF,    the 
milky  Juice  of  the  old  Plants  will 
flow  out  in  plenty  :  therefore  there 
fhould  be  fome  dry  Earth   or  Sand 
applied   upon   the   wounded   Parr, 
which  will  harden,  and  ftop  the  Saj)  s 

aiid 


E  U 

* 

aod  tke  wounded  Part  of  the  Cut- 
dngs    ihould    alfo    be    rubbed    in 
Sand,  or  dry  Earth,   for  the  fame 
Purpofe  :  then  the  Cuttings  fhould 
be  laid  in  a  dry  Part  of  the  Stove, 
for  ten  Days,  or  a  Fortnight ;  and 
fomc  of  thofe  whofe  Branches  arc 
large,  and  very  fucculent,  may  lie 
three  Weeks  or  more  before  they 
are  planted,  that  their  Wounds  may 
be  healed  and.  hardened,  otherwife 
they  will  rot:  when  the  Cuttings  arc 
planted,  they  fliouid  be  each  put 
into  a  fmall  halfpeny  Pot,  laying 
Stones  or  Rubbiih  te  the  Bottom, 
and  filling  the  Pots  with  light  fandy 
Earth,  not  rich,  but  fuch  as  will 
let  thcMoifture  pafs  ofFeafily:  then 
ilxinge  the  Pots  into  a  nioderate  Hot- 
bed;  and  if  the  Weather  is  very 
hot,  the  Glaffcs  of  the  Hot -bed 
fhould  be  ihaded  in  the  Middle  of 
the  Day ;  and  the  Cuttings  Ihould 
be  gently  watered  twice  a  Week : 
itt  about  fix  Weeks  the  Cuttings 
will  have  put  out  Roots ;  fo,  if  the 
Bed  is  not  very  warm,  the  Plants 
may  continue  there,  provided  they 
have  free  Air  admitted  to  them  every 
Day,  otherwife  it  will  be  better  to 
remove  them  into  the  Stove,  where 
they  may  be  hardened  before  the 
Winter ;  for  if  they  are  too  much 
drawn  in  Summer,  they  are  very  apt 
to  decay  in  Winter,  uniefs  they  are 
very  carefully  managed :  during  the 
Summer-feafon  thefc  Plants  ihould 
be  gently   watered   three  or    four 
times  a  Week,    according  to  the 
Warmth  of  the  Scafon ;  but  in  Win- 
ter they  mull  not  be  watered  oftener 
than  twice  a  Week  ;   and  it  (hould 
be  given  more  fparingly  at  that  Sea- 
fon,  efpecially  if  the  Stove  is  not 
warm:   the  firft  Sort  will  require 
more  Warmth  in  the  Winter  than 
any  of  the  other,  as  alfo  lefs  Water  : 
this,  if  well  managed,  will  grow  to 

the  Height,  of  fevca  or  eight  F^ct, 


E  U 

~  and  fa>d  oot  a  great  Number  of 
Branches,  which  are  commonly 
twilled,  ajnd  grow  very  irregularly  : 
thefc  are  arm^l  on  their  Edges  witk 
black  Spines,  vhich  come  out  by 
Pairs,  and  are  crooked:  and  the 
whole  Plant  makes  a  very  odd  Ap. 
pearance.  '^ 

The  fecond  Sort  grows  in  the  Gi- 
nary  Ifiands;    and  I  bdieve  it  ia 
from  this  Sort  that  the  Eupborhium 
iu)w  ufed  in  the  Shops,  b  taken: 
thefe  Plants  grow  to  the  Height  of; 
large  Shrubs,  in  their  native  Place : 
the  Branches  of  this  Sort  arc  quC 
drangular,  and  come  out  on  every 
Sjde  the  Stem  horizontally;    aipd 
afterward  turn  their  Ends  upward, 
10  as  m  fomc  meafurc  to  refemblc 
a,  Chandelier:   thefe  Branches  will 
fpread  ^ve  or  fix  Feet  each  Way  i 
io  that  when  the  Plants  are  latge ' 
they  arc  very  troublefome  to  remove 
or  Ihift ;  for  their  Angles  are  armed 
with  ftrone  crooked  Spines,  which 
come  out  by  Pairs :   thefe  will  tear 
the  Skm  of  Perfons  who  handle 
them  incautioufly ;  and  if  the  Plapta 
arc  the  kaft  bruifed,  the  milky  Juice, 
will  immediately  flow  out,  which  ij 
10  c^uilic  as  to  draw  Blillers  where- 
ever  it  lodges  upon  a  foft  Place  in 
the  Fleih  j   and  will  burn  Cloatha 
equal  to  Aquafortis:  therefore  there 
muft  be  great  Care  taken,  whenever 
thele  Plants  are  removed,  not  to  in- 
jure  them:  this  Sort  is  much  hardier 
than  the  firft ;  fo.  may  be  placed  in 
Winter  m  a  moderate  Warmth ;  bue 
it  is  too  tender  to  be  preicrvcd  in  a, 
Green-houfe  without  Fire. 

The  third  Sort  fhoots  out  many 
Stems  from  the  Bottom,  and  after-r 
ward  divides  into  many  Branches 

Z^  '^  ^°™  *  ^^^  ^^^y  ^^*»^? 

thdc  Branches  are  triangular,  op^ 
nght,  and  jointed,  having  dark 
Spmes  fet  on  by  Pairs  on  the  Edges  i 
this  wiU  grow  fisc  or  fix  feet  high. 


B  U 

Tie  foorth  Sort  is  in  Shape  fome- 
what  like  the  Torch-thiftle,  having 
siany  obtufe  Angles,  which  are 
crmed  with  Spines:  this  puts  out 
many  Side  -  branches  horizoncallyy 
which  afterward  turn  upwards  ;  (o 
that  when  the  Plants  are  large,  they 
snake  a  very  odd  Figure,  the  Branches 
coming  oat  very  irregular,  and  in- 
terfering with  each  other,  unlefs  they 
are  cut  oiF  while  young :  this  will 
grow  to  the  Height  of  fix  or  eight 
Feet ;  the  Flowers  are  produced  on 
the  Angles  toward  the  Upper-part 
of  the  Branches ;  and  fometiines  are 
focceeded  by  Fruit. 

The  fifth  Sort  may  be  eafity  trained 
op  with  an  upright  Stem,  feven  or 
eight  Feet  high;  and  toward  the 
Upper  part  the  Branches  come  out 
horizontally,  which  are  ga'rnifhed 
with  broad  Leaves  on  their  Upper- 
part,  which  generally  fall  away  in 
the  Spring,  and  frefii  Leaves  are 
put  out  toward  Autumn :  this  pro- 
duces Flowers  at  the  Extremity  of 
the  Branches. 

The  fixth  Sort  is  at  prefent  the 
moft  rare  in  England:  the  Plants  of 
this  Sort,  which  have  been  procured 
from  Holland^  have  been  moft  of 
them  deftroyed  by  placing  them  in 
Stoves,  where,  by  the  Heat,  they 
have  in  one  Day  turned  black,  and 
rotted  immediately  after :  this  Sort 
will  live  in  a  dry  airy  Glafs  cafe, 
with  Ficoides,  and  other  fucculent 
Plants,  where  they  may  have  free 
Air  in  mild  Weather,  and  be  pro- 
teded  from  Froft :  in  Summer  the 
Plants  of  this  Sort  may  be  expofed 
in  the  open  Air,  in  a  warm  Situa- 
tion. 

With  this  Treatment,  the  Plants 
will  thrive  much  better  than  when 
they  are  more  tenderly  nurfed: 
this  will  grow  three  or  four  Feet 
high, .  and  put  out  many  lateral 
Branches :  thefe  hare  i'eveo  Angle^ 


E  U 

and  are  ftrongly  armed  with  long 
black  Spines,  which  produce  tke 
Flowers  toward  their  Extremity; 
the  whole  Plant  has  a  ^try  fingnlar 
Appearance. 

The  feventh,  eighth,  ninth,  and 
tenth  Sorts  are  al<b  pretty  hardy ; 
fo  will  live  in  a  good  Glafs-cale  m 
Winter  without  Fire,  provided  the 
FroU  is  kept  intirely  out ;  and  in 
Summer  they  may  be  placed  abroad 
in  a  warm  Situation  :  as  thefe  are 
very  fucculent  Plants,  they  ibould 
not  have  too  much  Wet ,  therefore, 
if  the  Summer  fhould  prove  very 
moill,  it  will  be  very  proper  to  place 
thefe  Plants  under  Ibme  Shelter, 
where  they  may  enjoy  the  free  Air, 
but  may  be  fcreeoed  from  the  Rain; 
otherwife,  by  receiving  too  much 
Wet,  they  will  rot. 

The  feventh  Sort  will  require  to- 
be  fupported,  otherwife  the  Weight 
of  the  Branches  will  draw  them 
upon  the  Pots  ;  and,  by  training  of 
.the  Stems  up  to  Stakes,  they  will 
grow  four  or  five  Feet  high  ;'and  a 
great  Number  of  Side-branches  will 
be  produced,  which  are  generally 
contorted,  and  appear  like  a  Num- 
ber of  Snakis  ifTuing  oot  of  an  Head; 
which  gave  occafion  to  the  Name  of 
MedMfa'%  Head. 

The  eighth  Sort  is  a  very  humble 
Plant,  feldom  rifing  above  fix  Inches 
high ;  and  fends  out  a  great  Number 
of  irregular  Branches,  which  fpread 
over  the  Surface  of  the  Pots,  and 
are  often  fo  far  extended  as  to  hang 
down  on  the  Side  of  the  Pots  :  thefe 
Branches  greatly  refemblc  thofe  of 
the    feventh   Sort,    but   are    mnch 
fmaller  ;   and  the  Plant  never  rifes 
in  Height  i  fo  that  it  is  undoubtedly 
different;   tho*  fome  Perfons  have 
fuppofed  them  the  fame. 

The  ninth  Sort  is  alfo  a  very  low 
Plant ;  the  Branches  of  this  alfo  trail 
upon  the  Surface  of  the  Pots  like 


E  U 

the  eighth ;  bat  the  Branches  of  that 
are  fcaly,  and  of  this  are  full  of  Pro- 
tuberances ;  in  which,  as  alfo  in  not 
forming  fo  large  and  clofe  an  Head, 
it  diflFers  from  that. 

The  tenth  Sort  is  a  (lender  Plant, 
having  many  Angles  like  the  fourth ; 
but  it  is  not  half  fo  large :  this  pro- 
duces lateral  Branches,  which  grow 
irregular :  the  Angles  are  not  deep, 
and  the  Spines  on  their  Edges  are 
ixnall :  this  makes  in  upright  Stem : 
the  Flowers  are  produced  on  the 
Edges  of  the  Angles,  toward  the 
Upper-part  of  the  Branches. 

The  eleventh  Sort  will  grow  to 
the  Height  of  fixteen  or  eighteen 
Feet,  having  a  ftrong  Stem  ;  and 
produces  a  great  Number  of  taper 
Branches,  which  grow  very  difFuled 
toward  the  Upper -part  of  their 
Stems:  thefe  Shoots  are  garnilhed 
with  fmall  Leaves  toward  their  Ex- 
tremity, which  foon  fall  off.  I  do 
not  remember  to  have  ever  feen  any 
Flowers  on  this  Plant. 

The  twelfth  Sort  produces  many 
flender  taper  Shoots,  which  twift 
roand  each  other,  or  any  neighbour- 
ing Plant;  therefore  this  muft  be 
fupported  with  a  Stick,  otherwife 
the  Branches  will  fall  to  the  Ground, 
and  twift  themfelves  round  whatever 
Support  is  near  them:  xhis  will  grow 
fevcn  or  eight  Feet  high;  but  I 
do  not  remember  to  have  feen  it 
flower. 

The  thirteenth  Sort  has  long  flen- 
der  Branches,  which  mud  be  fup- 
ported, otherwife  they  will  trail  upon 
the  Ground :  thefe  Branches  are  gar- 
niChed  with  oblong  Leaves  upward, 
which  are  produced  alternately ;  but 
all  the  lower  Part  of  fhe  Branches  is 
jsaked  :  this  Sort  mud  be  fheltered 
from  the  Froft  in  the  Winter;  but 
may  be  placed  in  a  Green -houfe 
with  other  hard;  Exotic  Plants,  and 
{ct  abroad  in  Summer. 


E  U 

All  the  other  Sorts  have  beat 
ranged  under  the  Genus  of  Tithy- 
malus,  or  Spurge,  by  former  Bota- 
nifts ;  fome  of  whom  made  the  di- 
ftinguifhing  Chara^er  of  the  Euphor^ 
hium  to  confifl  in .  its  having  naked 
Branches;  and  others  have  diilia- 
gusflied  them  by  the  outward  Ap- 
pearance of  the  Plants :  thefe  have 
ranged  the  oleander  -  leaved  under 
the  Title  of  EupJborhium;  tho'  thcf 
made  the  Difference  to  be  in  its 
having  no  Leaves :  indeed,  all  the 
Euphorbia  have  Leaves,  when  they 
arc  clofely  obferved,  tho'  many  of 
them  are  fmall,  and  foon  fall  off; 
therefore,  as  there  is  no  efTential 
Difference,  they  ihould  be  joined 
under  one  Genus. 

The  fixteenth  and  twenty-thin! 
Sorts  will  require  to  be  protedled 
from  fevere  Froft ;  but  they  will  en- 
■dure  the  Cold  of  our  ordinary  Win- 
ters in  the  open  Air,  if  they  are 
planted  in  a  dry  Soil,  and  a  (heltered 
Situation ;  thefe  feldom  produce 
good  Seeds  in  England;  but  they 
may  be  eafily  propagated  by  Cut* 
tings  in  the  Spring :  thefe  flower 
in  April  \  at  which  time  they  al- 
fo will  make  a  pretty  Variety, 
cfpecially  the  twenty  -  third  Sort, 
whofe  Flowers  are  large,  and  have 
a  dark  -  purple  Spot  in  the  Mid- 
dle. 

The  twenty -firfl  and  twenty-fe- 
venth  Sorts  are  annual  Plants,  whofe 
Seeds  have  been  brought  from  the 
Weft  Indies -jVihtrt^  as  alfo  in  the  Enjl* 
Indies,  they  are  troublfome  Weeds ; 
but  in  this  Country  they  muft  be 
raifed  on  an  Hot  bed  early  in  the* 
Spring,  and  treated  as  the  Amaran* 
thus;  otherwife  they  will  not  per* 
fed  their  Seeds  in  England:  the 
twenty- firft  Sort  will  grow  about 
two  Feet  high ;  but  the  other  fprcadi ^ 
its  Branches  clofe  upon  the  Ground  i 
thefe  are  picferved  as  Curiosities ; 

but 


EU 

Irat  Atj  are  Plants  of  no  great 
Beauty. 

The  other  Sorts  are  hardy  enough 
to  live  in  the  open  Air ;  and  mofl  of 
them,  having  creeping  Roots,  in- 
creafe  fo  fad  as  to  become  very  trou- 
blefome  Weeds ;  fo  that  they  are 
rarely  admitted  any-where  but  in 
Phyfic-gardens. 

The  fourteenth  Sort  is  a  biennial 
Plant,  which  propagates  itfelf  in 
Plenty,  if  the  Seeds  are  permitted  to 
fcatter:  this  will  grow  three  Feet 
high,  with  an  upright  Stem;  the 
Leaves  are  large,  and  placed  oppo- 
fite :  it  is  (bmetimes  ufed  in  Medi- 
cine, under  the  l*itle  of  Cataputia 
minor. 

The  fifteenth  Sort  has  trailing 
Sranchesywhich  lie  upon  the  Ground, 
and  fpread  about  eight  or  ten  Inches 
each  Way  from  the  Stem  :  thefe  are 
dofely  befet  with  glaucous  Leaves, 
which  have  a  fingular  Appearance ; 
(b  it  is  often  allowed  to  have  a  Place 
in  Gardens  for  the  fake  of  Variety  : 
it  is  an  hardy  Plant ;  but  fhould  bo 
planted  in  a  dry  gravelly  Soil,  where 
the  Seeds  will  fcatter,  and  the  Plants 
come  up  without  any  Care :  thefe 
Plants  feidom  continue  above  two 
Years ;  but  as  the  young  Plants  will 
fupply  their  room,  there  will  require 
no  Trouble  to  propagate  this  Sort. 

The  feventeenth  Sort  grows  plen- 
tifully in  tKfe  Woods,  in  divers  Parts 
of  England ;  where,  in  the  Spring  of 
the  Year,  it  makes  a  good  Appear- 
ance, the  Flowers  appearing  before 
any  of  the  Leaves  are  out  upon  the 
^Woods :  this  Sort  grows  about  two 
Feet  high,  and  branches  out  with 
many  purple  Stems.  A  few  Plants 
of  this  Sort  may  be  planted  in  Wil- 
demefs -quarters  under  Trees,  where 
they  will  add  to  the  Variety. 

The  eighteenth  Sort  is  only  prc- 
ferved  in  Phytic  gardens,  as  it  has 
been  formerly  ufed  in  Medicine,  un- 


F  A 

der  the  Title  of  Efula  major ;  bnt* 
being  at  prefent  left  out  of  the  Col- 
lege Difpenfatory,  is  rarely  to  be 
found  in  England, 

The  twenty-fourth  Sort  was  alfo 
ufed  in  Medicine  by  the  Tide  of 
Ejula  minor ;  but  this  is  alfo  out  of 
Ufe ;  and  being  a  great  Creeper  at 
the  Root,  it  is  rarely  permitted  to 
have  a  Place  in  Gardens  ;  and  when- 
ever it  is,  the  Plants  fhould  be  con- 
fined in  Pots  to  keep  them  within 
Compafs. 

There  are  many  other  Sorts  of 
Sparge  than  are  here  enumerated; 
but  as  many  of  them  are  Weeds  in 
the  Gardens,  and  krable  Fields,  and 
the  others  are  Planu  of  no  Beanty  or 
Ufe,  therefore  I  have  omitted  them, 
as  few  People  choofe  to  plant  them 
in  Gardens. 


F  A 

FABA,  The  Bean. 
The  CharaHen  arc ; 
It  hath  a  papilionaceous  Fl^^xftr, 
<which  is  fucctidtd  hy   a   long  Pod^ 
lAjbich  isJUPd'with  laigejlat  kidney- 
Jhapfd  Seeds  :  the  Stalls  are  firm  end 
hollo^w  :  the  Leaves  grotu  hy  Pairs, 
and  are  fajiened  to  a  Mid-rth, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Fab  A  major  recent  somm.  Lei. 
Icon.     The  common  Garden-bean. 

2.  Fab  A  minor  ^  feu  equina,  C,B, 
The  Horfe-bean. 

There  are  a  great  Variety  of  the 
Garden-beans,  now  cultivated  in  die 
Kitchen  gardens  io  England^  which 
differ  in  Size  and  Shape  ;  fome  of 
them  producing  their  Pods  much 
earlier  than  others ;  for  Which  they 
are  greatly  eileemed  by  the  Garden- 
ers ;  but  as  all  thefe  Sorts  are  oofy 
feminal  Variations,  and  are  Veiy  fub- 


FA  FA 

]t&.  to  degenerate,    therefore  new  the  MaKogan :  therefore  when  die 
Seeds  fhouTd  be  annually  procured  M/rs^r^aff  Bean  can  be  procured,  so 
from  abroad,  where  Perfons  are  de-  Perfon  would  plant  the  other, 
firous  to  have  them  early.    I  (hall  The  next  is  the  Anal  1 6[^<tjy(^  Bean: 
here  put  down  the  Sorts  which  are  this  will  come  in  foon  after  the  iW- 
ufually  cultivated,  according  to  the  tugai  Sort,   and  is  a  fweeter  Beaft; 
Seafon  of  their  ripening    for   the  therefore  ihould  be  preferred  to  it. 
Table.  Then  comes  the  broad  Spamifif^ 
The  Maxagan  Bean  is  the  £rft  and  which  is  a  little  later  than  the  other  i 
beft  Sort  of  early  Beans  at  prefent  but  comes  in  before  the  commdn 
known  :  thefe  are  brought  from  a  Sorts,  and  is  a  good  Bearer  ;  there- 
Settlement  of  the  Portuguefe  on  the  fore  is  frequently  piauted. 
Coad  of  Jfrica^  jnfl  without  the  ,  The  Sandwich  f  ean  cones  Iboa 
Streights  of  Gibraltar :  the  Seeds  of  after  the  Sfanijh ;  and  is  almoU  as 
this  Sort  are  much  fmaller  than  thofe  large  as  the  Windfor  Bean  ;  but,  be- 
of  the  Horfe-bean  ;  and  as  the  For-  ing  hardier,   is  commonly  fqwn  x 
tvguefi  are  but  flovenly  Gardeners,  Month  fooner  :  thb  is  a  plentiful 
there  are  commonly  a  great  Num-  Bearer. 

ber  of  bad  Seeds  among  them.     If  The  Toker  Bean,  as  it  is  gene« 

this  Sort  is  fown  in  OQobtr^  nnder  a  rally  called,  comes  about  the  iame 

warm  Hedge,   Pale,  or  Wall^  and  time  with  the  Sandwich^  and  is-  a 

carefully  earthed  up  when  the  Plants  great  Bearer ;    therefore  it  is  now 

are  advanced,  they  will  be  fit  for  the  much  planted. 

Table  by  the  Beginning  of  May,  The  white   and   black  BIolTom 

The  Stems  of  this  Sort  are  very  flen-  Beans  are  alfo  by  fome  Perfons  much 

der ;  therefore,  if  they  are  fupport-  edeemed  :  the  Beans  of  the  former 

ed  by  Strings  clofe  to  the  Hedge  or  are,  when  boiled,  almoft  as  green  at 

Pale,  it  will  preferve  them  from  the  Peas ;  and  being  a  fweet  Bean,  ren- 

morning  Frofts, which  are  fometimes  ders  it  more  valuable :  thefe  Sorts 

fever e  in  the  Spring,  and  caufe  them  are  very  apt  to  degenerate,  if  their 

to  come  forwarder  than  if  this  is  Seeds    are    not  faved   with   great 

neglected  :  thefe  Beans  bear  plenti-  Care. 

fuUy,  but  they  ripen  nearly  toge-  The  Windfor  Bean  is  allowed  to 
ther;  fo  that  there  are  never  more  be  the  bed  of  all  the  Sorts  for  the 
than  two  Gatherings  from  the  fame  Table :  when  thefe  are  planted  on  a 
Plants :  if  the  Seeds  of  this  Sort  are  good  Soil,  and  are  allowed  fufficienc 
faved  two  Years  in  Eftgland,tht  Beans  room,  their  Pods  will  be  very  large, 
will  become  much  larger,  and  not  and  in  great  Plenty  ;  and  when  they 
ripen  fo  foon  ;  which  is  called  a  De*  are  gathered  young,  are  the  fweet- 
generacy.  ed  and  bed  taded  of  all  the  Sorts : 
The  next  Sort  is  the  early  Portu-  but  thefe  fiu>uld  be  carefully  faved, 
gai  Bean,  which  appears  to  be  the  by  puUing  out  fuch  of  the  Plants -as 
Maxagan  Sort,  faved  in  Portugal i  are  not  perfedUy  right;  and  afcer- 
for  it  is  very  like  to  thofe  which  are  ward  by  forting  out  all  the  good 
the  £rd  Year  faved  in  England:  this  from  the  bad  Beans. 
is  the  mod  common  Sort  ufed  by  the  This  Sort  of  Bean  is  feldom  plant- 
Gardeners  for  their  fird  Crop ;  but  ed  before  Chrijlmas^  becaufe  it  will 
they  are  not  near  fo  well  taded  as    not  bear  the  Frod  fo  well  as  many 

of 


F  A 

of  the  other  Sorts ;  fo  it  is  generally 
planted  for  the  gteat  Crop,  to  come 
in  Jufie  and  Jiuy. 

All  the  early  Beans  are  generally 
planted  on  warm  Borders  under 
Walls,  Pales,  and  Hedges ;  and  thofe 
which  are  defign'd  to  come  firft  are 
ufaally  planted  in  a  iingle  Row 
pretty  clofe  to  the  Fence  :  and  here 
I  cannot  help  taking  notice  of  a  very 
bad  Cttftom,  which  too  generally 
prevails  in  Gentlemens  Kitchen-gar- 
oens  ;  which  is  that  of  planting 
Beans  clofe  to  the  Garden- walls,  on 
the  bed  Afpe^ts,  immediately  before 
the  Fruit 'tr^esi  which  certainly  is  a 
greater  Prejudice  to  the  Trees,, than 
the  Value  of  the  Beans,  or  iDy  other 
early  Crop ;  therefore  this  Practice 
fhoald  be  every- where  difcouraged ; 
for  it  is  much  better  to  run  fome 
Keed-hedges  acrofs  the  Quarters  of 
the  Kitchen  -  garden,  where  early 
Bedns  and  Peas  may  be  planted  ;  in 
which  Places  they  may  with  more 
Conveniency  be  covered  in  fcvere 
Frofi ;  and  to  thefe  Hedges  the 
Beans  msy  be  clofely  Aliened,  as 
they  advance  in  their  Growth; 
which,  if  pradifed  againft  the  Walls 
where  good  Fruit-trees  are  planted, 
will  greatly  prejudice  the  Trees,  by 
overfhadowing  them ;  and  the 
Growth  of  thefe  Legumes  will  draw 
off  the  NouriOiment  from  the  Roots 
of  the  Trees  ;  whereb/  they  will  be 

'    greatly  weakened. 

But  to  return  to  the  Culture  of 
the  Beans;  thofe  which  are  planted 
early  in  O&ohtr  will  come  up  by  the 
Beginning  of  Nofuemher ;  and  a>  foon 
as  they  are  two  Inches  above  ground, 
the  Earth  (hould  be  carefully  drawn 
op  with  an  Hoe  to  their  Stems  {  and 

•  this  muft  be  two  or  three  times  re- 
peated,  as  the  Beans  advance  in 
Height :  this  will  prote6l  their  Seems 
from  the  Froft,  and  encourage  their 
Strength.  If  the  Winter  ftould  prove 


F  A 

fevere,  it  will  be  Tcry  proper  to  co- 
ver the  Beans  with  Peas- haalm,  Fers, 
or  fome  other  light  Covering,  which 
will  fecore  them  from  the  Injury  of 
Froft;  but  this  Covering  maft  be 
conftantly  taken  off  in  mild  Weather, 
otherwife  the  Beans  will  draw  up 
tall  and  weak,  and  come  to  little. 

In  the  Spring,  when  the  Beans 
are  advanced  to  be  a  Foot  high«  they 
(hould  be  faibned  up  to  the  Hedge 
with  a  fmall  Line,  fo  as  to  draw 
them  as  clofe  as  poffible;  which  will 
iecure  them  from  being  injured  by 
the  morning  Frofts ;  which  are  often 
fo  fevere  in  Jfril^  as  to  lay*thoie 
B^s  flat  on  the  Ground,  which  are 
not  thus  guarded:  at  this  time  all 
Suckers  which  come  out  from  the 
Roots  (hould  be  ytry.  carefully  takes 
off;  for  thefe  will  retard  the  Growth 
of  the  Beans,  and  prevent  their  com- 
ing early :  and  when  the  Blofibms 
b^n  to  open  toward  the  Bottom  of 
the  Stalks,  the  Top  of  the  Stems 
(hould  be  pinched  off;  which  will 
canfe  thofe  firft  Pods  to  fbnd,  and 
thereby  to  bring  them  forward.  If 
thefe  Rules  are  obferved,  and  the 
Ground  kept  clean  from  Weeds,  or 
other  Plants,  there  will  be  little  Dan- 
ger of  their  failing. 

But  left  this  firft  Crop  (hould  be 
deftroyed  by  Froft,  it  will  be  abfo- 
luteiy  neceflary  to  plant  more  about 
three  Weeks  after  the  firft ;  and  fo 
to  repeat  planting  more  evcnr  three 
Weeks  or  a  Month  till  February: 
but  thofe  which  are  planted  toward 
the  End  of  Ne-vember,  or  the  Begin- 
ning of  Dicftnhtr^  may  be  planted 
on  Hoping  Banks,  at  a  Diftance  from 
the  Hedges  ;  for  if  the  Weather  is 
mild,  thefe  will  not  appear  above- 
ground  before  Chrif.mai ;  therefore 
will  not  be  in  fo  much  Danger  as 
the  firft  and  fecond  Planting,  whicb, 
by  that  time,  will  be  a  confiderabk 
Height.  The  fame  Directions  which 
7  ars 


P  A 

^re  before  given  will  be  fuiKcient ; 
buc  only  it  muft  be  obferved^  that 
the  larger  Beans  (hould  be  planted  at 
«  greater  Diftaace  than  the  ffliall 
t>nes  ;  as  alfo^  that  thofe  which  are 
firft  planted  mud  be  put  clofer  toge- 
ther, to  allow  for  fome  aiifcarry ing : 
therefore,  where  a  fingle  Row  is 
planted,  tlie  Beans  may  be  put  two 
laches  afunder{  and  thofe  of  the 
third  and  fourth  Planting  may  be  al- 
lowed three  Inches :  and  when  they 
«re  planted  in  Rows,  acrofs  a  Bank, 
the  Rows  fiiould  be  two  Feet  and 
an  half  afiinder :  but  the  Windfor 
Beans  fliouid  have  a  Foot  more  Space 
between  the  Rows ;  and  the  Beans 
in  the  Rows  fliould  be  planted  five 
or  fix  Inches  afunder.  This  Diflance 
XDAy^  by  fome  Perfons^  be  thought 
too  great ;  but,  from  many  Years 
£xperieace,  I  -can  aiSrm^  that  the 
iiame  Space  of  Ground  will  produce 
«  greater  Quantity  of  Beans,  when 

flanted  at  this  Diftance,  than  if  doa- 
le  the  Quantity  of  Seeds  are  put  oa 
it.  In  the  Management  of  diefe  later 
Crops  of  BeanS)  tbe  principal  Care 
4houId  be  to  keep  them  dear  from 
Weeds,  and  any  other  Plants,  which 
would  draw  away  their  Nourifli- 
tnent ;  to  keep  earthing  them  up  ■; 
-aifd,  when  they  are  in  BloiTom,  to 
cut  olf  their  Tops ;  which,  if  fufier- 
ed  to  grow,  will  draw  the  Nouriih- 
flient  irom  the  lower  Bloifom», which 
will  prevent  the  Pods  from  fetting ; 
«nd  fo  only  the  Upper-parts  of  the 
Sterns  will  be  fruitful :  and  another 
thing  ihould  be  obferved  in  planting 
of  the  fucc?«ding  Crops ;  which  is, 
CO  make  Choice  of  moid  flrong  Land 
for  the  later  Crops  $  for  if  they  are 
planted  on  dry  Ground,  they  rarely 
come  to  much. 

Thefe  After-crops  (hould  be  plant- 
ed at  about  a  Fortnight  Diilance 
fromFihrmary  to  the  Middle  of  May ; 
after  whkh  time  it  is  generally  too 
V9L.  I. 


F  A 

kte  to  plant,  unlefs  the  Land  is  very 
ftrong  and  moid ;  for  in  warm  dry 
light  Land  all  the  late  Crops  of 
Beans  are  generally  attacked  by  the 
black  Infers,  which  cover  all  the 
Upper-part  of  their  Stems,  and  foon 
caufe  them  to  decay. 

Where  the  Seeds  of  thefe  Beant 
are  defigned  to  be  iaved,  a  fufficient 
Number  of  Rows  Ihould  be  fet  apart 
for  that  Purpofe,  according  to  the 
Quantity  defired :  thefe  fhould  be 
managed  in  the  fame  Wa/  as  thofe 
which  are  defigned  for  the  Table  ; 
but  none  of  the  Beans  ihould  be  ga« 
thered ;  though  there  are  fome  co- 
vetous Perfons,  who  will  gather  all 
the  firft  ripe  for  the  Table,  and  are 
contented  i6  iave  the  Aftercrop  for 
Seed  i  but  thefe. are  never  fo  larg^ 
and  ^ir  as  the  fM  ;  fo  that  if  thefe 
are  for  Sale,  they  will  not  bring  near 
the  Price  as  the  other;  therefore 
what  is  gained  to  the  Table,  is  loft 
in  the  Value  of  the  Seed. 

When  the  Seed  is  ripe,  the  Stalks 
ihould  be  pulled  up,  and  fet  uprieht 
againft  an  Hedge  to  dry,  obfervmg 
to  torn  them  evcty  third  Day,  that 
they  may  dry  equally  :  then  they 
may  be  thre{h*d  out,  and  cleaned  (or 
U{e,  or  otherwife  ftacked  up  in  a 
Barn,  till  there  is  more  Leifure  for 
threfhinc;  them  out  $  and  afcerward 
the  Seed  (hould  be  drawn  over,  to 
take  out  all  thofe  that  are  not  fair, 
preferving  the  beft  for  Ufe  or  Sale. 

It. is  a  very  good  Method  to  change 
the  Seeds  of  all  Sorts  of  Beans ;  ^  and 
not  to  fow  and  fave  the  Seeds  long 
in  the  fame  Ground ;  for  they  do 
not  fucceed  fo  well :  therefore,  if 
the  Land  is  (Irong  where  they  are  to 
be  planted,  it  will  be  the  bed  Way 
to  procure  the  Seeds  from  a  lighu;r 
Ground,  and  fo  *wce  vtrfa  ;  and  by 
this  Method  the  Crops  will  be  larger, 
and  the  Beans  fairer,  and  not  fo 
liable  to  degenerate. 

I  i  Ilaving 


FA  FA 

fisViifg  giteft  Directions  for  the  ufcd,efpecially  according  to  the  New 

Culture  of  the  Garden-bean,  I  (haH  Hufbandry  :  but  I  (hall  Erft  fet  down 

next  proceed  to  that  of  the  Horfe-  the  Practice  according  to  the  Old 

bean»    which  is  cultivated  in  the  Hufbandry ;  and  then  give  Direfti- 

Fields.  ons  for  their  Managf  ment  according 

The  Horfe-beaif  delights  in  a  to  the  New.     The  Method  of  fow- 

ftrong  moift  Soil,  and  an  open  Ex  ing  is  after  the  Plough,  in  the  fiot^ 

pofure ;  for  they  never  thnve  well  torn  of  the  Furrows ;  but  then  the 

on  dry  warm  Land,  or  in  fraall  In-  Furrows  (hould  not  be  more  .than 

dofuresi  where  they  are  very  fl^b-  five,  or,  at  moft,  fix  Inches  deep. 

jc€t  to  blight ;  and  are  frequently  If  the  Land  h  new-broken  up,  it  is 

attacked  by  a  black  Infe^,  which  tiTtial  to  plow  it  early  in  Autumn, 

the  Farmers  call  the  Black  Dolphin :  and  let  it  He  inRidges  till  zftaChrifi- 

thefe  Infects  are  often  in  fuchQuan-  Mas ;  then  plow  it  in  fmal!  Furrows^ 

titles,  as  to  cover  the  Stems  of  the  and  lay  the  Ground  fmooth :  thefe 

Beans  intirely,efpecially  all  the  Up-  two     Plowings     will      break     the 

per-part  of  theni  ;   and  whenever'  >  Ground  fine  enough  for  Beans  ;  and 

this  happens,  the  Beans  feldom  come  the   third  Plowing    is  to    fow  the 

to  good :  but  in  the  open  Fields,  Bean;,  when  the  Furrows  ihonld  be 

where  the  Soil  is  ftrong,  this  rarely  made  fhallow,  as  was  before-men« 

happens.  tioned. 

Thefe  Beans  are  ufually  (own  on  Moft  People  fet  their  Beans  too 

Land  which  is  fireihrbroken  up,  be-  cfofe ;  for,  as  fome  lay  the  Beam 

caufe  they  are  of  Ufe  to  break  and  in  the  Furrows  after  the  Plough,  aad 

pulverize  the  Ground,  as  alfo  to  de-  others  lay  them  before  the  Plough, 

ftroy  Weeds  r  fb  that  the  Land  is  and  plow  them  in,  fo.  by  both  Me- 

rendered  much  better  for  Corn,  after  thods,  the  Beans  are  fee  as  dofe  as 

a  Crop  of  Beans,  than  it  would  have  the  Farrows  are  made^  which  is  much 

been  before ;  efpecially  if  they  are  too  near ;  for  when  they  are  on  fbong 

fown  and  managed  according  to  the  good  Land, they  generally  are  drawn 

New  Hufbandry,with  a  Drill- plough,  up  to  a  very  great  Height  i  and  are 

and  the  Horfe-hoe,  ufed  to  flir  the  not  fo  apt  to  pod  as  when  they  have 

Ground  between  the  Rows  of  Beans,  more    room,    and    are     of   lower 

which  will  prevent  the  Growth  of  Growth  :  therefore  I  am  convinced 

WeedSi  and  pulveriae  the  Ground  }  by  fome  late  Trials^  that  the  better 

whereby  a  much  greater  Crop  of  Way  is  to  make  the  Furrows  two 

Beans  may,  with  more  Certainty,  be  Feet  afunder,  or  more  ;  which  will 

expedted  ;  and  the  Land  will  be  bet-  caufe  them  to  branch  out  into  many 

ter  prepared  for  whatever  Crop  it  is  Stalk s^  and  bear  in  greater  Plenty 

.defjgned  after.                 *  than  when  they  arc  cTofer  :  by  this 

The  Seafon  for  fowing  of  Beans  Method  lefs  than  half  the  Quantity 

is  from  the  Middle  of  February  to  of  Beans  will  be  fufficient  for  an 

the  End  ofMarch^  according  to  the  Acre  of  Land  ;  and  by  the  San  and 

Nature  of  the  Soil ;    the  flrongefl  Air   being  admitted    between    the 

and  wet  Land  fhould  always  be  lafl  Rows,  the  Beans  will  ripen  much 

fown  :  the  ufual  Quantity  of  Beahs,  earlier,  and  more  equally,  than  in 

fown  on  an  Acre  of  Land,  is  about  the  common  Way. 

three  Bufhels  ;  but  this  is  more  than  What  has  been  mentioned  moft 

rouble  the  Quantity  which  need  be  be  onderftood  as  relating  to  the  Old 

Hoibtndry ; 


FA  FA 

ItaAtfindry ;    bat  where  Beft&s  krh  tab  ))anjgei'  tf  the  Beans  receiving 

planted  according  to  the  New,  the  Damage,  if  they  are  ftacked  tolera- 

liround  fhould  be  four  times  plowed  biy  dry,  becaafe  the  Pods  will  ]|^re-» 

before  the  Be^ns  are  fet ;  which  will  ferve  the  Beans  from  Injary  ;  and 

break  the  Clods,  and  render  it  much  they  will  be  much  eafier  to  threlh^ 

betterfor  planting:  then  with  a  DrilK  after  they  have  fweat  in  the  ^ow, 

plough,  to  which  an  Hopper  is  fixed,  than  before :  and  after  they  have 

for  fettiRg  of  the  Beans,  the  Drills  Once  fweated,  and  are  dry  again, 

Ihould  be  made  at  three  Feet  afan-  they  never  after  eive. 
Her,  and  the  Spring  of  the  Hopper        By  the  New  Hulbandry,  tlie  Pro- 

fet  fo  as  to  fcatter  Sxe  Beans  at  three  duce  has  exceeded  the  Old  by  more 

Inches  Diftance  in  the  Drills.  By  this  than  ten  Bufhels  on  an  Acre  ;  and 

Method  lefs  than  one  Bufliel  of  Seed  if  the  Beans  which  are  cultivated  in 

will  plant  an  Acre  of  Land.    Wheh  the  common  Method  are  obferved, 

the  Beans  are  up,  if  the  Ground  is  it  will  be  found,  that  more  than  half 

ftirred  between  the  Rows  with  an  their  Stems  have  no  Beans  on  them  i 

Horfe-plough,  it  will  deflroy  all  the  for^    by  (landing  dofe,    they  are 

young  We^s ;  and  when  the  Beans  drawn  up  ytry  tall ;  fo  the  Tops  of 

are  advanced  about  three  or  four  the  Stalks  only  produce,  and  all  the 

Inches  high^  the  Ground  (hould  be  lower  Partis  naked ;  whereas, in  the 

again  plowed  between  the  Rows,  New  Method,  they  bear  almoft  to 

and  the  Earth  laid  up  to  the  Beans;  the  Ground  ;  and  as  the  Joints  of 

«nd  if  a  third  Plowing,   at  about  the  Stems  are  Ihorter,  fo  the  Beans 

five  or  fix  Weeks  after,  is  given,  the  grow  clofer  together  on  the  Stalks. 
Ground  will  be  kept  clean  from        FABA  ^GYPTIA.    ^iV^Arum 

Weeds ;  and  the  Beans  will  ftalk  out,  ^gyptiacum. 
and  produce  a  much  greater  Crop        FABA  CRAS3A.  Vide  Anacam* 

than  in  the  common  Way.  pferos. 

When  the  Beans  are  ripe,  they  arc        FABAGO,  Bean-caper» 
reaped  with  an  Hook,  as  is  uiually  The  Cbar'a^ers  are ; 

pradlifed  for  Peas ;  and  after  having        ^The  lateuts  art  produced  fy  Pairs 

lain  a  few  Days  on  the  Ground,  they  vpon  the  fame  footftaUt^  *whicb  Toot* 

ere  turned  ;  and  this  muft  be  repeat-  fialks  grtnv  oppofite  at  the  Joint i  of 

ed  feveral  times,  until  they  are  dry  the  Stalks :  the  Cup  of  the  Flower 

enough  to  ftack  \  but  the  bcft  Me-  confifls  of  five  Leaves  :  the  Flowers 

thod  is  to  tie  them  in  fmall  Bundles,  alfo  eonfift  of  five  Leaves^  which  ex* 

and  fet  them  upright ;  for  then  they  pafid  in  form  of  a  Rofe^    and  ha^e 

will  not  be  in  fo  much  Danger  to  manyStSLmim,  that  furround  the  Style 

fufFcr  by  Wet,  as  when  they  lie  on  i»  the  Centre  of  the  Cup  5  which  Sty U 

the  Ground ;  and  they  will  be  more  hecomes  a  cylindricalFruit^  and  is,  for 

handy  to  carry  and  ftack,   than  if  the  moft  part^  fivt-comered^  divided 

they  are  loofe.     The  common  Pro-  into  five  Cells^  by  intermediate  Par' 

duce  is  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  trthm^  each  of  which  contains  mary 

Bufhels  dn  an  Acre  of  Land.  flat  Heeds. 

The  Beans  ihould  lie  in  the  Mow  The  Species  are  ; 

to  fweat,  before  they  are  threfhcd         l.   Fab  ago   Belgarum^  five  Pe* 

out ;  for  as  the  Haulm  is  very  large  plus  Parifienfium.  Lugd,  Bean-caper, 

and  fuccttlent,  fo  it  is  vtxy  apt  to  vulgo, 
gtve»  and  grow  moift :  but  there  is 

Ji  a  ^.  Fa- 


F  A 

2.  Fabago  Afrieawa  arhrf/cemSf 

fori  fulfhnr§9^  frm^  roiundol  Ctm, 

JUr.  Jfricmm  Tree  Bean-caper,  with 

a  fulphur-colourM  Flower,   and  a 

round  Frait. 

3.  Fab  AGO  AfricAna,  fruttfcens^ 
folio  Uuiori^  frtt£tu  ittragono.    Afri- 
can ihrubby  Bean-caper^with  broader 
Leaves,  and  a  four*  cornered  Fruit. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  pretty 
liardy,  and  will  endure  the  Cold  oi 
our  Winten  in  the  open  Airi  pro- 
vided it  be  planted  in  a  dry  Soil,  and 
a  warm  Situation :  this  is  propagated 
by  rowing  the  Seeds  in  the  Springs 
cither  on  a  warm  Border,  or  a  mo- 
derate Hot-bed ;  and  when  the  Plants 
are  come  up,  they  may  be  plants 
into  Pots    filled  wirh  light  Tandy 
Earth,  or  in  warm  Borders  under 
Walls  or  Hedges  of  the  like  Soil ; 
for  they  do  not  care  for  a  rich- 
dung'd  Soil,  nor  a  ftrong  or  moid 
Earth.     The  Diflance  thefe  Plants 
fliould  be  planted  at>  muft  not  be 
lefs  than  two  Feet  each  Way  \  for 
they  grow  to  be  very  large,   and 
form  a  ftrong  Head  :  the  l^rancbcs 
die  away  every  Winter  to  the  Head, 
and    (hoot    again    the    fucceeding 
Spring,and  will  produce  great  Plenty 
of  Flowers  and  Seeds  annually,  and 
their  Roots  will  abide  many  Years ; 
but  are  very  apt  to  die,  if  removed 
after  they  are  grown  large. 

This  Plant  is  of  no  Ult  at  prefent 
in  England ;  but  for  the  Variety  of 
its  Flowers  deferves  a  PUce  in  good 
Gardens^  where  there  is  room. 

The  other  two  Sorts,  being  Na- 
tives of  a  warm  Country,  will  not 
endure  the  Cold  of  our  Climate 
abroad,  but  mufl  be  preferved  in  a 
Green- houfe :  they  may  be  propa- 
gated by  fowing  their  Seeds  upon  an 
Hot-bed  in  the  Spring;  and  when 
the  Plants  come  up,  they  fliould  be 
planted  into  Pots  filled  with  frcih 
iandy  Earth,  and  may  be  expofed. 


F  A 

during  the  Summer,  with  other 
Green-houfe  Plants ;  but  in  Winter 
(hould  be  placed  in  an  airy  Part  of 
the  Houfe,  and  muft  not  be  crouded 
with  other  P!ants ;  which  will  caufe 
them  to  moa]d,and  (bed  theirLeavesi 
and  many  times  deftroy  the  whole 
Plant :  liicy  ihould  alfo  have  fre- 
quent Rcfrcfhings  with  Water  \  but 
(hould  not  have  too  much  at  a  time  1 
for  that  very  often  deftroys  thefe 
Planes. 

They  may  alfo  be  increafed  by 
planting  Cuttings  in  any  of  the  Sum- 
mer-months into  Pots  of  light  £arth| 
which  fl)ould'l}e  plunged  into  a  mo- 
derate Hot-bed»  to  facilitate  their 
Rooting,  obferving  to  (hade  them 
from  the  Violence  of  the  Sun,  as 
alfo  to  give  them  Water  frequently. 
When  ihey  are  rooted,  which  will 
be  in  about  two  Months  after  plant- 
ing, they  may  then  be  tranfplanted 
into  feparate  Pots  filled  with  the 
fame  light  Earth  ;  and  (hould  be  ex- 
pofed to  the  open  Air  by  dcgreesi 
and  afterwards  may  be  treated  as 
was  before  direded  for  thofe  raifed 
from  Seeds. 

Thefe  Plants  were  originally 
brought  from  the  C^ftofGoodHofi  \ 
but  have  been  many  Years  preferved 
in  the  Gardens  of  the  Curious.  T\Af 
grow  CO  the  Height  of  five  or  ^x 
Peer,  and  fend  forth  many  Side- 
branches  ;  fo  that  they  become  large 
Shrubf,  and  make  a  pietty  Variety 
among  other  Exotic  Plants.  \i  thefe 
are  pluced  in  an  airy  Glafs-cafe  in 
Winter,  where  they  may  have  ix^ 
Air  in  mild  Weather,  and  proteded 
from  the  Froft,  they  will  thrive  bet* 
ter  than  in  a  common  Green-houfe. 

FAGONIA.    This  Plant  was  fo 
named  by  Dr.  Tounufort^  in  Honour 
to  Dr.  fagony^  who  was  Superinten- 
dant  of  the  Royal  Garden  at  Paris, 
The  CbaraBtrs  are; 

The  Flrwer  comfifts  ofmattf  Liovet, 

vcbich 


FA  FA 

mfUch  are  plactd  orbicularly^  andix^  the  Seeds  are  fowo  in  Autamn,  in 

fund  in  firm  of  a  Rofi :  out  of<wbofe  ±  warm  Border^  the  Plants  will  live 

Ctntre  rifes  the  Pointal^  ^whicb  af-  through  the  Winter :  and  thefc  wilf 

timnard  becomes  a  cbanelled  round-  come  To  early  to  flower,  that  thero 

foinied  Fruity  conjifting  of  many  Celh^  will  be  no  Danger  of  the  Seeds  be* 

and  compofed  of  many  Hufisf  each  con-  ing  ripef   and  when  the  Summer 

taining  one  roundifh  Seed,  proves  cold,  thofe  which  are  fown 

The  Species  are  ;  in  the  Spring  very  often  fail  to  pro-> 

t .  F  A  G  o  N  I  A  Cretica  fpinofa,  duce  ripe  Seeds. 

Tonrn,     Thorny  Trefoil  of  Candy.  The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Native  of 

2.  F  AGON  I A   Hifpanica  mn  fpi-  Spain ^  and  differs  from  the  firfl  in 

nofa,  Tourn,    Spanijh  Fagonia  with-  having  no  Thorns,  and  it  grows  a 

oat  Thorns.  little  more  treSt ;  in  other  refpe£^ 

The  firft  Sort  is  a  Native  of  the  it  is  very  like  to  it. 

Jfland  of  Candia :  this  has  been  dc-  FAOOPYRUM,  Buok-wheat. 

fcribed  by  fome  Botanifts  under  the  The  Cbara^ers  are  s 

Title  of  Trifolimm  fpinofum  Creticum^  The  Flowers  are  Jpecioui^  iT^^^g 

which  occafioned  my  giving  it  the  in  a  Spike^     or  branched  from  the 

Englijh  Name  of  Thorny  Trefoil  of  Wings  of  the  Leases :  the  Cup  oftbt 

Crete ;  though  there  is  no  other  Affi-  Flower  is  divided  into  five  Partly 

sity  between  this  and  the  Trefoil,  which  refemhU  the  Petals  of  a  Flow 

than  that  of  this  having  three  Leaves  or :  the  Sseds  are  blacky  and  three* 

or  Lobes,  on  the  fame  Foorftalk.  comir^d. 

This  is  a  low  Plant, which  fpreads  The  Species  are; 

its  Branches  clofe   to  the  Ground,  i.  ¥ agop  y kv  m  vulgare  ereSfum. 

which  are  extended  to  a  confidera-  Tourn.      Common    upright    Buck* 

ble  Piftance.     The  Flowers  are  of  wheat. 

a  purple  Colour  ;  and  in  their  Form  2.  Fagopyrum  ntulgare  fcandens, 
greatly  refemble  thofe  of  the  Bean-  Tourn,  Common  creeping  Buck- 
caper  :   thefe  are  produced  at  the  wheat. 

Diviiion    of  the  Branches   fingly  :  The  firft  of  thefe  Plants  is  culti- 

after  the  Flower  is  pail,  there  is  a  vated  in  many  Parts  of  Englaetd^  and 

pointed   five  -  cornered    Fruit    fuc-  is  a  great  Improvement  to  dry  bar- 

ceeds.  ren  Lands.  The  bed  Seafon  for  fow- 

This  Plant  is  propagated  by  Seeds,  ing  it  is  in  ^ay :  one  Buihel  will  fow 
which  (hould  be  fown  upon  a  Bor-  an  Acre.  The  Ground  (hould  be 
der  of  frefh  light  Earth,  where  the  plowed  and  drelTed  in  the  fame  man- 
Plants  are  deiigned  to  remain  ;  for  ner  as  for  Barley ;  and  if  the  Soil  is 
they  do  not  bear  tranfplanting  well :  not  very  lean,  it  will  yield  a  very 
when  the  Plants  come  up,  they  may  great  Increafe,  as  £(ty  or  fixty  Bufli- 
be  thinned  out  to  the  Diftance  of  els  upon  an  Acre^  and  is  excellent 
eight  or  ten  Inches  ;  and  if  they  are  Food  for  Hogs,  Poultry,  i^c.  ,  The 
kept  clean  from  Weeds,,  they  will  re-  Flour  of  it  is  very  white,  and  makes 
quire  no  other  Care.  a  very  good  Sort  of  Pancake,  i{^ 

If  the  Seeds  are  fown  the  Begin-  mixed  with  a  littleWheat- flour.  The 

ning  of  Jpril,  in  a  warm  Situation,  Straw  is  good  Fodder  for  Cattle ; 

the  Plants  will  flower  in  ynly^  and  and  the  Grain,    given  to  Horfes 

ihe  Seeds  ripen  in  Seftemher  i  bat  if  amongfl  their  QatSj,  will  aakt  them 

•    I  i  3  thrive  I 


F  A 

'  tl^rive ;  bat  it  moft  be  brokea  s»  a 
Mill,  otherwife  it  is  apt  to  paft  thro^ 
the  Cattle  whole. 

It  is  commonly  late  in  the  Seafoo 
before  it  is  ripe;  but  there  is  no 
great  I^^nger  of  the  Seeds  falling, 
Aor  of  faf&ing  by  Wet  after  it  u 
mown :  it  muft  lie  feveral  Days  to 
diy,  that  the  Stalks  (which  are  hard) 
aiay  wither  before  it  is  housed. 

Buck -wheat  is  fomctimes  fown 
▼ery  thick,  and  fufferM  to  grow  un- 
til it  is  near  flowering,  and  is  then 
J)lowed  in,  which  makes  a  good  Lay 
or  Wheat  or  Rye  :  bat  fome  People 
cfteem  it  the  better  way  to  feed  Cat- 
tle with  it»  efpecially  Milch  •  cows, 
which,  they  fay,  will  caufe  them  to 

five  a  great  deal  of  Milk,  and  make 
oth  the  Butter  and  Cheefe  very 
good.  This  will  alfo  afford  Food  for 
Cattle  in  the  dricft  time,  when  all 
other  Grafs  is  burnt  up. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  found  wild  in 
divers  Paru  ofEnglanJi  but  is  never 
cultivated  in  Gardens. 

PAGUS,  The Beachtree. 
The  CbaraMiTi  are  i 

li  hath  Leaves  fimenAjbut  r^fim* 
hling  ihofe  »f  the  Horn  beam :  the 
Male  Flowers  grow  together  SB  a  round 
Bnnch,  and  are  frttdsued  at  remote 
Diftamtes  from  the  Fmit  §n  the  fame 
Tree:  the  Frmt  eonfifis  ^f  two  or 
three  triangular  Nnts^  which  are  in^ 
elofed  in  a  rough  heury  Bind^  divided 
issto  four  Parts, 

The  Species  are ; 

1.  Faqus.  Dod,  The  Beach- 
tree. 

2.  FAQt7S  foliif  est  htteo  variega- 
$is.  The  yel!ow-ftripM  Beachtree. 

3 .  F  A  o  y  s  foliis  ex  aJho  variegatis^ 
The  white-flrip'd  Beach-tree. 

There^is  but  one  Species  of  this 
Tree  at  prefent  known  (except  the 
two  Varieties  with  llrip*d<  Leaves^ 
which  are  accidental),  though  the 
Ft^at^rs  would  diOipguiih  tWQ  or 


F  A 

Sorts,  on*  of  wluch  they  caH  liit 
Mountain  Beach ;  and.  as  they  fay, 
affords  a  much  whiter  Timber  than 
the  other,  which  they  call  the  Wild 
Beach :  bat  as  thefe  have  never  been 
diUinguiihed  by  the  Botanilb,  nor 
can  I  perceive  any  real  Differenoe 
aniongft  all  the  Trees  of  this  Kind 
I  have  yet  feen,  I  rather  think  the 
Difference  in  the  Colonr  of  the 
Wood  is  occasioned  by  the  Places  of 
their  Growth ;  whicn  is  often  obo 
ferved  to  be  the  Cafe  with  moft  other 
Sorts  of  Timber. 

This  Tree  is  propagated  by  fow- 
ing  the  Mail ;  the  Seaibn  for  which 
is  any  time  from  OSohcr  to  Februa- 
ry^ only  obferving  to  fecure  the  Seeds 
from  Vermin  when  early  fowni 
which  if  carefully  done,  the  fooner 
they  are  fown  the  better,  after  they 
are  fully  ripe  :  a  fmaU  Spot  of 
Ground  will  be  fufficient  for  raifing 
a  great  Number  of  thefe  Trees  from 
Seed  ;  but  you  muft  be  very  careful 
to  keep  them  clear  from  Weeds ;  and 
if  the  Plants  con^e  up  very  thick, 
you  ihould  not  fail  to  draw  out  the 
fbongeft  of  them  the  Autumn  fol- 
lowing, that  thofe  left  may  have  room 
to  grow :  fo  that  if  you  holband  a 
Seed-bed  carefully,  it  will  afford  a 
three  Years  Draught  of  youngPlants; 
which  fhould  be  planted  in  a  Nur- 
fery ;  and,  if  deiigned  for  Timber- 
trees,  at  three  Feet  Difiance  Row 
from  Row,  and  eighteen  Inches  afun- 
der  in  the  Rows. 

But  if  they  are  defigned  forHedges 
(to  which  the  Tree  is  very  well 
adapted),  the  Diibince  need  not  be 
fo  great ;  two  Feet  Row  from  Row, 
and  one  Foot  in  the  Rows,  will  be 
fufficient.  In  this  Nurfery  they  may 
remain  two  or  three  Years,  obferv' 
ing  to  clear  them  from  Weeds,  as 
alfe  to  dig  up  the  Ground  between 
the  Roots,  at  leaft  once  a  Year,  that 
their  tender  Roots  ma^  the  better 


F  A 

extend  themfelves  each  Way:  but 
.be  careful  not  to  cat  or  bruife  their 
Aoots, which  is  injurious  to  all  young 
Trees ;  and  never  dig  the  Ground 
la  Summer,  when  the  Earth  is  hot 
and  6fy  ;  which,  by  letting  in  the 
Rays  of  the  Sun  to  the  Roots,  is  often 
the  Deflrudion  of  young  Trees. 

This  Tree  wifl  grow  to  a  confi- 
derable  Stature,  though  the  Soil  be 
Aony  and  barren,  as  alfo  upon  the 
Declivities  of  Hills,  and  chalky 
Mountains,  where  they  will  refill  the 
Winds  better  than  moll  other  Trees  ^ 
l>ut  then  the  Nurferies  for  the  yooog 
Planti  ought  to  be  upon  the  fam^ 
Soili  for  if  they  are  raifed  in  a 
,  gpod  Soil,  and  a  warm  Expofure^ 
and  afterwards  tranfplanted  into  a 
bleak  barren  Situation,  they  feldom 
Xhrive,  which  holds  true  io  mod 
other  Trees  :  therefore  i  would  ad- 
yife  the  Nurfery  to  be  made  upon 
the  fame  Soil  where  the  Plantation  is 
intended :  but  of  this  1  (liall  fay  more 
under  the  Article  of  Nurfery. 

The  Tree  is  very  proper  to  forjn 
large  Hedges  to  fujjouod  Planta- 
tions), or  largp  Wildernefs- quarters ; 
and  may  be  kept  in  a  regular  Fi- 
^ure,  if  (beared  twice  a  Year,  efpe- 
jcially  if  thsy  (hoot  llrong  ;  in  which 
Cafe,  if  they  are  negle&ed  but  a  Sea- 
ion  or  two,  it  will  bte  dafficuit  to  te- 
duce  them  again.  Thfi  Shade  of 
xhis  Tree  is  very  iiqurious  to  moft 
Sorts  of  Plantb  whica  grow  near  it; 
but  is  generally  believed  ;o  be  very 
ialabriou&  to  human  Bodies. 

The  Timber, is  of  great  Ufe  to 
Turners  for  making  Trenchers^ 
Di(hes  Trayiy  Buckets;  and  like- 
«vife  to  the  Joiner  for  Stools,  ^d- 
ileads,  Coffers,  &r.  The  Maft  U 
very  good  to  fat  Swine  and  Deer ;  it 
alfo  aUbrds  a  fweet  Oil.  and  hath  in 
fome  Famines  fupported  Men  with 
Bread. 
JUs  Tftc  dtSgjbfi  in  a  chalkj  or 


F  E 

Aony  Ground,  where  it  generally 
grows  very  fall ;  and  the  fiark  of 
the  Trees,  in  fach  Land,  is  clear  and 
fmooth ;  and  although  the  Timber 
is  not  fo  valuable,  as  that  of  many 
other  Trees,  yet  as  it  will  thrive  ob 
fuch  Soils,  and  in  fuch  Situationi^ 
where  &w  bettier  Trees  will  grow» 
the  Planting  of  them  fhould  be  en- 
couraged i  efpecially  at  the  Trees 
afford  an  ajgreeable  Shade ;  and  th« 
Leaves  make  a  fine  Appearanoe  in 
Sumaier,and  continne  green  as  long 
in  Autuma  as  any  of  thedeciduooa 
Trees  :  therefore  in  Parks,  and  other 
Plantations  for  Pleafure,  this  Tree 
deferves  to  be  cultivated  amoagthoft 
of  the  iirft  Clais  ;  e(j»ecially  where 
the  Soil  is  adapted  to  it. 

The  two  Sorts  with  variegated 
Leaves  may  be  propagated  by  bud* 
ding  or  grafting  them  upon  the  com- 
mon Beach,  obfenring  not  to  plant 
them  in  a  good  Earth ;  which  wiH 
x:aQfe  the  Buds  or  Cyons  to  (hoot  vi- 
goroufly,  whereby  the  Leaves  wiU 
become  plain ; .  which  often  happens 
to  moft  variegated  Plants. 

FEATHERFEW  or  FEAVEIU 
FEW.    r/^  Matricaria. 

FEJ^EL.     f^idt  Fcfrnicdom. 

FENEL .  FLOWER.  Fidi  Ni- 
gella. 

FERRUM  EOyiNUM,  Horfe- 
ibos-vetch. 

The  CbaraBifS  tfe; 

//  batb  a  papiiintaci^Mt  Flower^ 
ivbicb  is  fuccetd^d  by  «  Jlat  Fod^  di* 
fiinguijhid  inU  Jdnt$  ^rtfimbling  am 
tialf'm$9H^  9r  an  iUrfeJhot^  tontain" 
ing  Seeds  of  ihe  fesme  Form, 
The  Sped  is  are< 

I.  Ferrdm  Et^mvufiRfuafim" 
gtiUiri  C,  B,  Horfefiioe-vetch  with 
fi  fingle  Pod. 

s.FsRavHE<^iiiUM^/f»«  jw«A 
tip/id*  C.  B,  Horfeiboe-vetch  wit^ 
maoy  Pods. 


lU 


|.  Tftt, 


F  E  F  E 

}.  pEHftUM  EoyiNUkf  ^#r>Rr«fff-   guflo  Ikcido.  H.  L,    Ntrrow  -  tetv\t 

cutn^Jiliquis  infummtate,  C,B.  Com-  Fenel-eiant  from  Tangier. 

snon  Horfdhoe- vetch.  5.  Fbrvla  tenmore  feli^.     NiH 

There  are  ibme  other  Varieties  of  row-leavM  Penel-.giant. 

this  Plant,  which  are  preferved  in  6.  Fervla  Africmma galhamferm^ 
curious  Botanic  Gardens  i  but  it  is   folio  bf  fatie  ligmftici.  Far.  Bat,  Jfri-. 

rare  that  any  of  them  are  propaga-  can  Fen^l-giant^  with  the  Face  and 

ted,  except  for  Variety -fake,  they  Leaf  of  Lovage. 

having  no  great  Beaaty.     The  two  7.  F^tiVLA  J/rieana  galhanifira^ 

firft  Species  are  brought  from  Abroad;  /o/io  mjrrbidis.     H.  jfnifi.     AfritoM 

but  the  third  Sort  grows  wild  upo9  Fenel-giant,  with  a  Sefeli-leaf. 

chalky  Hills  in  divers  Parts  of  tng-  There  are  feverai  other  Varieties 

land.  of  this  Plant,  which  are  preferred  in 

They  may  be  propagated  by  fow-  curious  Botanic  Gardens ;  but  as  they 

jng  their  Seeds  in  March  upon  a  dry  are  of  no  great  Ufe  or  Beaaty^  I 

Soil,  in  the  Places  where  they  are  fliall  pafs  them  over  in  this  Place, 

to  remain  ;  for  they  do  not  well  bear  The  ia^  of  thefe  Plants  is  pretty 

tranfplaoting.     The  Diflance  they  common   in  the  Englijb  Gardens: 

^ould  be  allowed,  ought  to  be  at  this,  if  planted  in  a  good  Soil,  will 

lead  a  Foot  from  each  other ;  for  grow  to  the  Height  of  ten  or  twelve 

they  fpread  upon  the  Ground^^  and  Feet,    and  more,  and  divides  inta 

ivill  cover .  that  Space.     Thefe  pro-  many  Branches  ;    therefore  Ihoald 

dace  their  Flowers  in  June^  and  per-  have  a  great  deal  of  room  :  for  if  it 

it6t  their  Sce4<  in  Jngnfi  and  ^ef-  be  planted  too  near  to  other  Plants, 

timber.  It  will  over-bear  and  deftroy  them. 

FERUL  A,  Fenel-giant.  It  dies  to  the  Surface  every  Autumn, 

The  CharaSiirs  are }  and     rifes    again    the    fuccecding 

h  bath  a  large  /nccuient  milky  Spring.   The  Flowers  are  produced 

Itooi :  the  Stalks  areffongy^  and  filled  in  JuMir  and  t)ie  Seeds  are  ripe  in 

nmth  Pith  :    the  Flofwers  cenfifi  of  September, 

many  Leames^  tvhich  expand  in  form  Mr.  Ray  fays.  That  the  Pfcople  of 

ff  a  R^Je^  and  grow  in  an  Umbel:  Sicily  ufe  the  Pith  of  this  Plant  for 

each  Flower  is  Jnccttded  by  tnuo  large  Tinder  to  light  their  Fires.     And  if 

omahjhaf'd fiat  Seeds ^  which  are  ^ery  this  was  praAifed  by  the  Antients, 

tbin^    and^  for  the  mofi  part,  tnm  we  may  eafily  guefs  why  the  Poets 

Had  whin  they  are  ripe :  to  which  feigned,  that  Promt thens  ftole  Fire 

may  be  added,  fhe  Lea<ves  are  like  from  Heaven,  and  carried  it  to  the 

thofe  of  Fenel.  Earth  in  an  hollow  Ferula. 

The  5'^/fi>j  are  J  The  fecond,    fixth,  and  feventh 

1.  Ferula  major ^  feu  faeminaPH'  Sorts  are  fuppofed  by  fome  Authors 
srii.  M  Vmb,  Plinft  Female  Fenel-  to  afford  Galbanum ;  which,  they  fay, 
giant.  is  an  Exudation  from  fome  of  thefe 

2.  Ferula  ga&anifera.  Lob^Ohf  Plants :  but  this  at  prefent  is  not  de- 
Broad  leavM  Fenel-giant.  termined  ;  for,  if  any  of  the  three^ 

3.  Ferula  Tingitana,  foHo  la-  the  feventh  is  thought  to  be  the 
tiffimo  lucJdo,  H,  Edin.  Broad- leav*d  beft. 

•  Ihining  FeneKgiant  from  Tangier.  Thefe  Plants  are  all  rery  haidy, 

^.  FERULA  Tin^itana,  fol^  «»•  except  the  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts; 


F  I 


FI 


wUch,  being  Natives  of  a  warm    en^  I  choofe  to  continue  tke  old  Titl^ 
Countiy,  wUl  reqoire  to  be  hoofed    of  Ficoides,  by  which  thefe  Plants  arc 


in  Winter.    They  are  all   propa- 

Etted  by  fowing  their  Seeds,  which 
ould  be  done  foon  after  diey  are 
ripe ;  for  if  they  are  kept  until  Spring, 
they  feldom  ^row  until  the  follow- 
ing Spring :  they  mnft  be  fown  very 
early,    aiid   in  a  fliady  Situadoo, 


otherwife  the  Seeds  are  fnbjed  to    Title  for  thoie. 


well  known  in  the  Engli/h  Gardens ; 
efjpedally  as  the  other  is  not  a  verj 

? roper  one  for  including  all  the 
peciess  for  the  Name  fignifies  a 
Flower  expanding  at  Noon ;  and  as 
many  Species  of  this  Genus  are 
night-flowering,  this  is  an  i^^proper 


mifcarry.  They  delieht  in  a  light 
snoift  Soil,  and  muft  oe  planted  at 
leaft  two  Feet  and  an  half  afunder ; 
Jbr  they  fpread  very  far.  The  Roots 
will  abide  many  Years,  if  fnifered 
to  remain  undifturbed :  but  if  they 
are  tranfplanted  when  old«  they 
feldom  thrive  well  afterwards.  Thefe 
being  Plants  only  for  Curiofity,  one 


The  CbaraSirt  are ; 
The  nvboli  Piaut  it  fiucuUnt^  and 
hat  tbt  Afftaranet  of-  Hwjlak :  thf 
Leaiftt  grow  offofite  by  Pairt :  tkt 
Cup  of  thi  Flc/wtr  it  fiijby^  and  tU* 
*vided  intofi*ve  Parit  atmojt  to  tbg 
Bottom:  tho  Flower  conjtftt  of  ntatn 
LtanHty  nuhicb  are  divided  into  fmall 
Parttf  and  expand  in  form  of  a  Mori'' 


of  each  Sort  is  fufflcient  for  a  Gar-  gold:  tbe  Flower  it  fucceeded  by  m 

den ;    fince  they  are  of  no  great  fucculent  Fruity  wbicb  it  divided  into 

Beauty,  and  require  much  room.  fve  or  more  Cellt,  which  are  full  of 

The  fixth  and  feventh  Sorts  ihould  fmall  Seedt. 

be  fown  foon  after  the  Seeds  are  ripe.  The  Speciet  are ; 

In  a  Pot  ofgood  Earth;  which  ihould  i.    Ficoides  y^   Ficut  aixaides 

be  placed  under  an  Hot- bed- frame  Africana  major  procumbent ^  tiiangO' 


daring  the  Winter-feafon,  to  preferve 
it  f^om  the  Frofls :  and  when  the 
Plants  are  come  up  in  the  Spring, 
they  Ihould  be  tranfplanted  eadi  into 
^  feparate  Pot,  and  may  be  expofed 


lari  folio  enfformi.  //.  L,  Boerb,  Indm 
Great  trailing  African  Ficoides,  with 
a  triangular  fword-fhaped  Leaf. 

2 .  F I  CO  I D  E  s  feu  Ficut  aixoidet  Afri^ 
cana  major  procumbent,  triangulari 


in  Summer ;   but  in  Winter  ihould    foUo^  fruSiu   maximo    eduli.     Ficus 
be  defended    from  Froils.     They     Hottentottorum,  vulgo.  H.  £.  Great 


moil  be  ihifted  into  larger  Pots,  as 
they  increafe  in  Bulk.  The  beft 
Seafon  for  removing  them  is  in  Sep' 
tember,  before  they  are  houfed.  They 
require  frequent  Waterings,  and  to 
bave  as  much  Air  as  poflible  in  mild 
Weather. 

FICOIDES,  Fig  marigold 
The  Name  of  this  Genus  has  been 
altered  to  thzt  of  Mt/embriantbtmumf 


trailing  African  Ficoides,  with  a  tri- 
angular fword-(hap*d  Leaf,  and  a 
large  eatable  Fruit ;  commonly  caird, 
the  Hottentot  Fig. 

3.  Fi  CO  I  DBS  Afra,  caule  lignofi^ 
ereSa^  folio  triangulari  enfformi  fca-^ 
broy  flore  lutto  magno.  Boerb,  Ltd. 
Upright  African  Ficoides,  with  a 
woody  Stalk,  and  a  triangular  rough 
fword-ihap*d  Leaf,  and  a  large  yd- 


which  has  been  given  to  it  by  fome  low  Flower, 

of  theCmnaff  Botanifts;  andoflate  4.    Ficoides    Afra    arborefcems 

has  been  more  generally  nfed,  fince  ereSa^  folio   triangulari    hngiffimn 

^e  Difnfe  of  compound  Names;  confertim  nato    purpurafcente^  floro 

but  as  this  Name  has  not,  nor  is  hueo  magno.    Boerb.  Ind.   Upright 

ttely  to  previdl  ampng  the  Oiprden-  (ree-like  African  Ficoides,  with  a 

lon^ 


F  I 

loM  tsfaagolar  Lcafp  and  a  largt 
velfow  Flower,  commoiilf  call*d 
rink-]eav*d  Ficoidei. 

5.  FicoiDES  jf/ra,/§Ii§  friMM£m' 
lari  emiifirmt  glauc9  (rajfp^  ad  wutr* 
gtnes  latnaUi  faucit  ifurmihmt  /finis 
atuieato^  JUn  in  lango  ftdnncuh 
mur€9,  B^erb,  Jnd.  African  Ficoides^ 
with  a  thick  triangolar  fword-ttupM 
Leafy  arai*d  with  Spines  on  the 
Edges,  and  a  yellow  Flower  grow- 
ing opon  a  long  Footfbdk,  com- 
monly call*d,  the  DogVchap  Fi- 
coides. 

6.  FicoiDBS  Afra^  foUo  triangU' 
lari  enjiformi  crajpt  hnvi^  admarginti 
lateraUs   multis    maJ9ribm/qui  fpinit 

.  acuUato^Jkrf  anrto  ex  ealjci  IwgiJS* 
mu.  Btirb.  Ind.  African  Ficoides» 
with  a  triangular  fword-flupM  Leaf, 
having  many  large  Spines  opon  their 
Edgefy  and  a  yellow  Flower  with  « 
long  Cafyx^  commonly  called,  the 
prickly  Dog^s-chap  Ficoides. 

7.  Fjcoidbs  Afra,  f^Hp /riangm- 
lari  ficmrii  f$rma,  fkn  annoftcllaH. 
Soirh.  ind,  African  Ficoides,  with 
a  triangular  hatchet- ihap*d  Leaf, 
and  a  yellow  ilarry  Flower,  com- 
monly caird,  the  Stag*s-hom  Ficoi- 
des. This  Sort  expands  iu  Flowers 
only  in  the  Evening. 

8.  EiCOiDEs  Afra^  fo/i§  iriangn* 
lari  Ungo,  marginis  inftriiris  fnfre^ 
mo  acultat§t  flon  ntiolacM,  Boerh, 
Ind.  African  Ficoides,  with  a  long 
triangular  Leaf,  having;  Spines  at 
the  Extremity  on  the  Under-part  of 
the  Leaves,  and  a  violet*  colour *d 
Flower,  commonly  call'd^  the  Daify- 
flowered  Ficoides. 

9.  FicoiDBS  Africana  frntefccni 
ptrfiUata^  folio  trianguUtri  glauco 
pnnMatOf  cortice  lignofo  candido  tenni. 
1".  Ac.  Rig.  Shrubby  African  Fi- 
coides, with  perfoliated  triangular 

} glaucous  Leaves,  and  a  flcnder  white 
ignous  Bark,  commonly  call*d^  the 
Icflcr  \m'f^  Ficojidei. 


F  I 

10.  FicoiDBS  Afra^foBo  triangn^ 
lari  glameo  perfoliato  brnfiffimo^  afico 

ffinafo.  Boerb,  Imd,  fart  farfmw* 
African  Ficoides,  with  a  criangahr 
Ihort  perfoliate  glaucoot  Leaf,  hav*" 
ing  Spines  upon  the  Top^  and  a 
pnrpie  Flower,  commonly  call'd, 
the  Jargp-hom*d  Ficoides. 

11.  Ficoides  Africana^  acuUis 
longifimii  l^  foliaiis  nafceuiibns  tm 
aiisfiUormm,  Tonrm.  Ac.  JUg,  Afri- 
can Ficoides,    with    long     Spines 

E owing   from    the  Wings  of  the 
»tves. 

IS.  Fi coi D B s  Afra^  foUo  tnamgm- 
lari  cnfiformi  brmifjimo^  flor/  £iaU 
farfmrafconti  Jilamentofo.  Boerb.  lad. 
African  Ficoides,  with  a  ihort  tri- 
angular fword-ihap*d  Leaf,  and  a 
purpliih-coloor'd  Flower. 

13.  FicoiDBS  feu  Fi€Ms  aizaides 
Africa  nap  folio  iriangmlari  craffe 
glauco  brenri,  ad  tros  margimei  mcuU' 
0/#.  Boerb.  Ind,  fiore  furpurafctnio, 
African  Ficoides,  with  a  ihort  thick 
glaucous  triangubr  Leaf,  with  three 
Spines  on  the  Edges,  and  a  purpliih 
Flower. 

14.  Ficoides  Afira^  folio  tri- 
augulari  glauco  brevij/imo  crafpfftmo^ 
margine  non  Jfinofo,  Boerb,  Ind,  Jlnre 
furfurafcenie,  'African  Ficoides,  with 
a  very  ihort  thick  triangular  glau- 
cous Leaf,  without  Spities  on  the 
Edge,  and  a  purpliih-cobar*d 
Flower, 

1$.  FiCOiDBS  Afra^  folio  triaw 
guiari  glauco  bro*viJ/tmo  craffijfimo^ 
margino  Jpinofo^  caulo  (sf  fUrtfrnrfU" 
no.  African  Ficoides,  with  a  very 
ihort  thick  glaucous  Leal;  with 
Spines  upon  the  Edge,  and  a  pur- 
ple Stalk  and  Flower. 

ih,    Ficoides    Afrm  frnticamf^ 

folio  triangulari  fcabro  tenni,  JUn 

violaceo.  Boerb,  Ind.  African  ihruh- 

by  Ficoides,  with  a  triangular  rough 

narrow  Leaf,  and  a  violet<olottr*d 

P7-  Fi". 


F  I  F  I 

17.  FicoiDBS  Afra^  fiUo  trUn*  Irivi  guttato^.fiwi   nn§laei9.    iW« 
gulari  viriM  lomg9  afproy  fiore  mo^  African  (hrubby  Ficoides,    with  % 
iaci§,  BoerL  lud.  African  Ficoides,  Woolly  Stalk,  a  fmall  taper  fpotted 
vrith  a  long  green  rough  triangular  Leaf,  and  violet-coloared  Flower. 
Leaf,  and  a  violet-coloured  Flower.  '     26.   Ficoides    Afra  fruticofa^ 

18.  Ficoides  Afra^  foiio  tri'  catde  lanugint  argent ea  omaio^  foli4 
angulari  craffo  fuceulentijpmo,  Boitb,  tenti  panvo  ^fgo,  guttuUs  arggnteis 
Jmd.  fiere  aureo.  African  Ficoides,  f»^  fiahro^  flore  wolaceo.  Boerb^ 
with  a  thick  facculent  triangular  Ind.  African  (hrubby  Ficoides,  with 
J^eaf,  and  a  yellow  Flower.  a  white  woolly  Stalk,  a  long  taper 

19.  I^icoiDES  Afra,  foko  trian-  filver-fpotted  rough  Leaf,  and  n 
^ulari  longo  fuccuUntOf  CM^Bbus  rnbris,  violet-coloured  Flower. 

Botrb*  Ind.  fore  luteo,     African  Vi'  97.  Ficoides  y^jy  FIcut  aixoidu 

coides,  with  a  long  fucculent  trian-  Africana,  folio  *variegato  afper*,  ttd 

gular  Leaf,  red  Sulks,  and  a  yellow  ^pictm  fella  Jfimfa  mrnato^  fiort  vio* 

flower.  ^#t.  Boerb,  Ind,    African  Ficoides* 

20.  Fi comes  ftB  Ficms  aixoidts  with  a  rough  party-colourM  Leaf» 
Jtfricaua  ereSa  arborefcens  Hgnofia,  tipped  with  a  Star  of  Spines,  and  K 
jiare  radiiHOy  frimo  furfureo^  dtinar*  violet-coloured  Flower. 

genteo,  interdiu  claufo^  noSu  aperto,  28.  Ficoides  Afra  lignofa^  foU§ 

Boerb,  Ind,     African  upright  tree-  tereti  ajfero,  ad  aficemfteUa  ffinofa^ 

like  Ficoides,  with  a  radiated  Flow-  fore  violaceo.    African  woody   Fl- 

er,  firft  of  apurple,  and  afterwards  coides,  with  a  taper   rough  Leaf* 

9  filver  Colour,    opening    in   the  tipped  with  a  Star  of  Spines,  and  a 

Kight,  but  dofed  in  the  ^^Y.  violet-coloured  Flower.    . 

21.  Ficoides  Afra  arborefcens,  29.  Ficoides  feu  Ficns  aizoidu 
folio  teretiffore  candido,  no3u  apcrto,  Africana  ere^a,  tereti  folio,  floribus 
interdiu  claufo.  Boerb,  Ind,  African  albis  umhellatis.  Par,  Bat,  Upright 
tree-like  Ficoides,  with  a  taper  Leaf,  African  Ficoides,  with  a  taper  Leaf, 
and  white  Flower,  opening  in  the  and  white  Flowers  growing  in  an 
Night,  but  fliut  in  the  Day.  Umbel. 

22.  Ficoides  Afra  arborefcens,  30.  Ficoides  folio  tereti,  caulg 
folio    tereti  glauco,   afiee    purpureo  *viridi  ramofijl/imo,florepar*vo  candido* 

craffo,  Boerb^  Ind,  fore  wolaceo,  Afri*  African  Ficoides,  with  a  taper  Leaf, 

can  tree-like  Ficoides,  with  a  thick  a  green  branching  Stalk,  and  a  fmall 

taper  glaucous  Leaf,    tipped  with  white  Flower. 

Purple,  and  a  violet-coloured  Flower.  31.  Ficoides  Africana,  folio  te» 

23.  Ficoides  Afra,  folio  tereti,  reti  'longo  tenuis  guttulis  argent eis^ 
frocumbens,  fore  coccineo,  H,  L.  Afri'  fore  par*vo  purpurafcente,  radice 
can  trailing  Ficoides,  with  a  taper  crajfjfima,  African  Ficoides,  with 
Leaf,  and  a  fcarlet  Flower.  a  long  taper  Leaf  (potted  with  white, 

24.  Ficoides /rtf  Ficus  aizoides  a  fmall  purplilh  Flower,  and  ^ 
Africana,  folio  longo  tenui,  fore  au'  thick  knobbed  Root. 

rantio,  Boerb,  Ind.  African  F\QO\At$,  32.  Ficoides  Africana  bumilis, 

with  a  long  narrow  Leaf,   and  an  folio  tereti  craffo  fucculento,  fore  fuU 

orange-coloured  Flower.  pbureo,  peduncuh  brenji.  Dwarf  Afri* 

2C.    Ficoides     Afra  fruticofa,  can  Ficoides,  with    a  thick    taper 

^;0^  kmginojtf  foliQ  ttrfti  far^9  fuccttlen(  Leaf,  and  a  fulphur-co-  . 


FI 

loar*d  Flower,  with  a  (hort  Foot- 
ftalk,  commonly  caird  the  QaiUed- 
kav*d  Ficoides* 

33.  FicoiDES  Africama  frocum- 
iintf  foli§  tireti  lomgo^  Jlore  vi9- 
Uaa,  African  trailing  Ficoides^with 
a  long  taper  Leaf,  and  a  Tiolet- 
coloured  Flower. 

34.  F1COIDE8  Afra  acauhiyfoliit 

latiJpmU  craffis    lucidis    eonjugatsi^ 

Jlore  aureo  amplijpmn.    Toum.    Ac. 

Rtg,  African  Ficoides  without  Stalks, 

iud  with  broad  thick  ihining  Leaves, 

f  rowing  by  Pairs,'  and  a  large  yellow 
lower. 

3^.  FicoiDBs  A/ra acamloSf filiis 
.  tatiffimis  crajpjffimis  luciMs  conjugatis^ 
J[$rt  aurco  amphy  fine  feduncuh. 
Boerh  Lid,  African  Ficoides  with- 
out Stalks,  and  broad  thick  fhintng 
I^eaves  growing  by  Pairs,  and  a  larger 
yellow  Flower  without  Footilalks.    ^ 

36.  Ficoides  Afra^  ftliis  latifft^ 
mis  craffis  lucidis  cruciatim  fofitis. 
Boerh,  Ind.  African  Ficoides,  with 
broad  thick  Leaves  growing  crofs- 
wife. 

37.  Ficoides  Africana  fruma- 
hensy  foliis  iatis  craffis  cruciaiim  fo^ 
fitiSf  Jlore  alhoy  medio  purpura fcente, 
African  trailing  Ficoides,  with  broad 
thick  Leaves  growing  crofs-wife, 
and  a  white  Flower,  with  a  purplifh 
Middle. 

38.  FrtoiDES  Africana  procnm- 
hens,  foliis  Iatis  conjugatisj  Jlore  can^ 
s&do»  African  trailing  Ficoides,  with 
broad  Leaves  growing  by  Pairs,  and 
a  white  Flower. 

39.  Ficoides  Africana,  folio 
plantaginis  undulaio,  micis  argenteis 
adj^erfo.  Town,  Ac,  Reg,  African 
Ficoides,  with  a  wav*d  Plantain-leaf 
covered  with  Silver  Drops,  common- 
ly called  the  Diamond  Ficoides. 

40.  Ficoides  Neapolitana,  fore 
eandido,  H,  L,  Neapolitan  Ficoides, 
vith  a  white  Flower,  commonly 
^4il'd  Egyptian  Kali, 


F  I 

41.  Ficoides  fern  Ficm  aiwmdis 
Africama,  fiUo  nririS,  micis  qnafi 
glaciatis  fplendemtihus  ormato,  JUre 
coccineo,  Boerh,  htd,  i.  African  Fi- 
coides, with  green  Leaves  befet  with 
ihining  glafs- Uke  Drops,  and  a  Icar- 
let  F&wer. 

There  are  fome  other  Sorts  of 
this  Plant  in  the  Botanic  Gardens 
abroad;  but  thefe  here  mentioned 
are  what  we  have,  at  prefent,  in  the 
Englijb  Gardens. 

Thefe  are  all  abiding  Plants  fez- 
cept  the  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth 
Sorts,  which  are  annual) ;  and  may 
be  propagated  by  planting  Cuttings 
either  in  June  or  Jnfy ;  obferving 
to  let  them  lie  two  or  three  Days,  or 
more,  in  a  dry  Place  after  they  are 
cut  ofF  from  the  Plants,  before  they 
are  planted,  according  as  they  are 
moreor  lefsfuccttlent:  the  Sorts  chat 
are  woody,  need  only  to  be  planted 
upon  an  old  Hot-bed,  (hading  and 
watering  them  according  to  the  Heat 
and  Drought  of  the  Seafon ;  but  the 
fuccnlent  Kinds  (hould  be  planted 
in  Pots  filled  with  light  faddy  frcfli 
Earth,  and  fliould  be  plunged  into  a 
moderate  Hot-bed,  to  facilitate  their 
taking  Root;  and  thefe  (hould  have 
but  little  Moifture,  efpecially  before 
they  are  rooted,  for  much  Wet  will 
certainly  deftroy  them. 

When  the  Plants  have  taken  Root, 
which  will  be  io  about  a  Months 
time,  you  fliould  expofe  them  to  the 
open  Air  gradually:  thole  which 
were  planted  in  Pots,  may  be  drawn 
out  of  the  Hot-bed  at  lirft,  and  re- 
moved into  a  Glafs-ftove,  where 
they  may  be  enured,  by  degrees,  to 
bear  the  Weather :  but  thofe  planted 
upon  the  old  Hot-bed  may  remain 
nnremoved  until  Aupift ;  when  they 
(hould  be  carefully  taken  np^  and 
planted  into  Pots  filled  with  light 
frefli  fandy  Earth,  and  fet  in  a  Sitika- 
tion  where  thejr  may   enjoy    the 

|nQniio| 


F  I 

morning  Sun  onl/»  ontil  they  have 
taken  frefh  Root  i  ^hen  they  may 
be  expofed  to  the  open  Air  until  the 
latter  £Ad  of  SipUmher,  or  the  Be- 
ginning of  OSebtr ;  at  which  time 
they  muil  be  removed  into  the  Con- 
fervatory,  which  (hould  be  a  light 
airy  Glafs-cafe^  fo  bailt  and  con- 
trived as  to  admit  of  a  large  Portion 
of  free  Air  whenever  the  Weather  is 
mild  >  but,  in  hard  frofiy  Weather, 
the  Cold  may  be  excluded.  The 
8tru6tureof  this  will  be  defcribed 
ander  the  Article  Slave. 

Daring  the  Winter  ^feafon   you 
muft  carefully  obferve  to  open  the 
GlaiTca  every  Day>  when  the  Wea- 
ther is  mild  I  for  if  you  keep  them 
clofely  Ihut  up^  the  Plants  will  grow 
fickly^  and  drop  their  Leaves.  You 
muft  aifo  obferve  to  pick  off  all  de- 
cayed Leaves  as  often  as  they  ap- 
pear»  which)  if  fuffered  to  remain 
upon  the  Plants^  would  communi- 
cate a  Diftemper  to  them«   and  be 
\tTy  apt  to  rot  them.     You  fhould 
alfo  give  them  frequent  Waterings  in 
mild  Weather,  efpecially  fuch  of 
them  as  are  woody  :  but  do  not  give 
them  too  much  at  once ;  for  when 
the  Earth,  in  Pots  which  are  placed 
in  the  Houfe,  is  too  much  faturated 
with  Moillure>  it  will  not  dry  again 
during  the  Winter  feafon,  for. want 
ofthe  Benefit  of  the  Sun  and  Air, 
which  are  the  two  great  Inf(ruments 
in  diffipating  Humidity;  and  this  is 
often  the  intire  DeHru^ion  of  the 
Plant:  whilft,  on  the  other  hand, 
fbme  People,  out  of  too  great  Care 
CO  thefc  Plants,  let  them  fuifer  for 
want  of  Water  and  frtt  Air  in  Win- 
ter, under  a  Notion  of  their  being 
fo  very  tender,  as  to  be  impatient 
of  the  lead  Cold  or  Motfture :  where- 
ns,  in  fadt,  they  are  wtxy  hardy,  and 
are  feldom  deflroyed  with  lefs  Cold 
than  hard  Froft ;  for  I  have  had  fome 
Sorts  endure  the  open  Air  in  a  warm 


Fl 

Border  for  two  or  thrie  Wmterf 
which  proved  mild;   and  fuch  oi 
thefe  Plants  as  had  thus  endured  the 
Cold,    produced    a   much    greater 
Quantity  of  Flowers,    than    thofe 
which  had  been  preferved  in  a  Stove 
with  great  Care :  and  it  hath  been 
chiefly  Ojiving  to  our  managing  them 
tenderly  in  Winter,  that  we  annuallj 
loft  fo  many  of  them ;    for  fince  £ 
have  treated  them  in  a  different  maa- 
ner,  I  have  rarely  loft  a  iingle  Plant. 
The  thirty-ninth  and  fortieth  Sorts 
are  Annuals,  and  require  to  be  fown 
every  Year.     The  thirty-ninth  Sort 
is  a'  very  beautiful  Plant,  being  all 
over  fet  ytry  thick  with  tranfparent 
cryftal-like  Drops,   as  if  covered 
with  fmall  Icicles ;  from  whence  it 
is  by  fome  called  the  Frofty  Ficoi- 
des.     The  Seeds  of  this  Plant  ftiould 
be  fown  very  early  in  die  Spring 
upon  a  good  Hot-bed;  and  when 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  muft 
be  planted  into  fmail  Pets  filled  with 
light  frefh  fandy  Earth,  and  plunged 
into  another  Hot-bed ;  and  as  that 
Hot-bed   declines    its    Heat,    they 
(hould  jbe  removed  into  a  third  Hot- 
bed, which  will  bring  them  forward 
towards   Flowering;    and    in  Jmlj 
thefe  Plants  may  be  expofed  to  the 
open  Air  by  degrees,  by  which  time 
their  Flowers  will  appear,  and  be 
hereby  rendered  ftrong,  and  capaUe 
to  produce  good  Seeds.     But  yon 
fhould  always  confine  in  fmall  Pots 
fuch  Plants  as  you  defign  for  Seed, 
never  fuffering  them  to  root  through 
the  Hole  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Pot 
into  the  Ground,  which  would  oc- 
cafion  their  growing  to  be   much 
larger  and  ilronger  Plants :  but  then 
their  Strength  would  be    diverted 
from  the  Seed-veffels  to  nourifh  and 
produce  ftrong  Shoots;    fo  that  it 
feldom  happens,   that  the  ftrongcft 
Plants  produce  good  Seeds.     But  if 
you  would  have  fome  of  thefe  Plants 

of 


F  I 

tfa  targe  Growt)^,  you  ihould  ihake 
them  out  of  the  Pots  tnt6  an  old 
Hot- bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  where 
their  Roots  and  Branches  will  extend 
to  a  confiderable  Length.  I  have 
had  one  of  thefe  Plants  in  fach  a  Bed, 
which  has  fpread  above  a  Yard 
fquare ;  and  the  Leaves  and  Branch- 
es were  of  a  prodigiods  Size. 

The  Flowen  of  this  Plant  are  of 
BO  great  Beauty  i  but  the  Oddnefs 
of  the  whole  Plant  renders  it  worthy 
of  a  Place  in  every  carious  Garden. 

The  fortieth  Sort  is  a  Plant  of  lit- 
tie  Beauty;  and  is  feldom  preferved 
but  in  curious  Botanic  Gardens^  for 
Variety. 

This  is  one  of  the  Plants  which  are 
cultivated  in  Spain^  to  make  Poc-afli ; 
and,  if  I  have  been  truly  informed, 
is  that^of  which  they  make  the  Ba- 
rilla; which  is  fo  effential  in  the 
making  of  hard  Soap,  and  white 
Glafs,  that  neither  of  them  can  be 
made  without  it ;  fo  that  the  Spa- 
miarii  have  a  great  Trade  for  this 
Commodity :  for,  at  prefent,  there 
is  very  little  of  this  Pot*a(h  brought 
from  any  other  Country  ;  tho'  for- 
merly a  great  Quantity  was  brought 
from  AUxandria:  but  there  are 
feveral  judicious  Perfons  who  believe 
that  the  Barilla  is  made  from  one 
Species  of  Kali,  or  GraiTworc ;  tho* 
I  have  received  the  Seeds  of  this  Sort 
of  Ficoides,  from  Alicant  and  Egypt ^ 
by  the  Name  oi  Barilla^  which  have 
grown  and  flowered  very  well ;  but 
have  never  yet  produced  Seeds  with 
me.  This  Sort  is  certainly  culti- 
vated about  JUcant^  where  they 
make  a  Pot-afli  of  the  dried  Plant; 
but  whether  this  is  the  beil  Sort  of 
Barilla,  or  a  Pot-afh  of  an  inferior 
Quality,  is  yet  doubtful  with  me : 
but  certainly  it  might  be  worthy  an 
Inquiry,  fince  the  Commodity  is  fo 
neceiTary  in  thefe  two  Manufafluries 
gf  Glafs  and  Soap ;  and  whatever 


F  I 

Plant  it  is  that  is  fo  nfefnl,  it  might 
be  cultivated  to  great  Advantage  ia 
Car$/i$ui,  and  fome  of  the  BHtifi 
PoiTeffions  in  America :  and  hereby 
there  might,  at  all  times,  be  a  Sup- 
ply of  this  Pot-aih  brought  to  Eng- 
land  i  which  is  with  DifEculcy  pro- 
cured, whenever  there  is  a  Mifuoder- 
ftanding  between  the  Englifo  and 
Spanijh  Nations. 

The  firil,  fecond,  and  twenty  firft 
Sorts  I  have  never  yet  (een  flower, 
although  there  are  many  large  Planu 
of  each  Kind  in  divers  Gardens  in 
EngUnd.  I  had  one  Plant  of  the 
twenty-firft  Sort,  which  had  been 
planted  into  an  open  Border,  againft 
a  Wall,  that  was  fet  very  thick  with 
Buds  in  almoll  every  Part  of  the 
Plant,  late  in  the  Autumn  1 726.  bat 
a  fudden  fharp  Frofl  happening, 
deftroyed  the  whole  Plant. 

The  third*  fourth,  fixteenth, 
feventeentb,  twenty-fecond,  twenty- 
third,  twenty- fourth,  and  twenty- 
fifth  Sorts  branch  out,  and  grow 
fhrubby,  and  produce  large  Quanti- 
ties of  very  beautiful  Flowers  1 
which,  being  expanded  in  the  Heat 
of  the  Day,  afford  a  very  agreeable 
Profped,  and  are  well  worth  cuhi- 
vati/)g  in  every  Colledion  of  Plants, 
for  their  Beauty;  as  are  all  the 
Dwarf  fucculent  Sorts,  for  their 
Oddnefs ;  and  fome  of  them  produce 
beautiful  Flowers,  tho'  not  in  fuch 
Plenty  as  the  former. 

Thefe  are,  fome  or  other  of  their 
Sorts,  continually  in  Flower;  but 
their  chief  Seafon  of  flowering  is 
from  April  to  Sept iinher%  and  many 
of  them  produce  good  Seeds :  but  as 
their  Cuttings  feldom  fail  to  take 
Root,  they  are  rarely  propagated  by 
Seeds  in  England, 

F/CUS,  The  Fig-tree. 
The  CharaSers  are; 

7he  Flpnvers,  nvhich  arf  ahoays 
inchfid  in  tbi  MiddU  rfihe  frnt^ 

tntffi 


F  I 

tcnfijt  rfcm  Liaf^  andari  Mate  and 
femdle  in  the  famt  Fndt :  the  Mali 
FUnvers  are  fituatei  ten»ari  the 
Crown  of  the  Fruit  i  and  the  Female^ 
njobich  gn^  near  the  Stalky  arefut' 
teedidhy  Jmall  hardZeedi :  the  entire 
Fruit  i$f  for  the  moft  part^  turbinated 
and  globuioTf  or  of  an  oval  Shafe,  it 
Jlefyf  audofa/weet  Tajie* 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  Ficus  /ativat  fru8u  'nnolace9 
iongo^  intui  rubente.  Toum,  The 
long  blae  Pig. 

2.  Ficvs  /ativUf  fruBu  obUngo 
gflbo  meliifluo,  Toum,  The  long 
white  Fig. 

3.  Ficus  fatin)a^  fruSu  pntcoci 
alhido  fngaci,  Toum,  The  early 
white  Fig,  by  fome  falfly  caird  the 
Aiarfailej  Fig. 

4.  Ficus  fativa,  fru8u  globofi 
alho  meliifluo,  Toum,  The  great 
round  white  Fig. 

5.  Ficus  fati'va,  fruSu  par«u» 
fufco^    intui  rubente.    Toum.     The 

fmall  brown  Fig»  commonly  callM 
the  Malta  Fig. 

6.  Ficvs  fativa^  fiuQu  hmg% 
eetajori  nigro^  intus  purpurafcente, 
Toum,     The  great  long  black  Fig. 

7.  Ficus  fatima^  fmSu  globofi 
/ufco,  intus  rubeute.  The  Murrey 
^Fig. 

8.  Ficus  fati«va^  fruQu  praeoci 
Jubrotundo  albido  firiato^  intut  rofio, 

Toum.    The  roundilh  white-ftriped 
Fig. 

9.  Ficus  fativa^  fruGu  nnridi^ 
longo  pediculo  inftdente,  Toum,  The 
green  Fig. 

10.  Ficus  fati*va^  fruSlu  panvo 
fcrotino  albido^  intus  roftOf  mrllifluo^ 

cute  latera,  Toum,     The  Marfiillee 
Fig. 

11.  FiCUf  fati*va^  fmOu  flame* 
fiente^    intus  fua^ue'rubente,-  Toum, 

The  yellow  Fig. 

12.  ¥ icv %  fatinta^  fru8u  majori 


F  I 

oiotaeeei  $6longo,  eute  latera*  T9afWs 
Great  long  violet  Fig. 

13.  Ficv 9  fativa^  fru^M  magna 
rotunde  deprejfi  Jpadiceo^  circa  umbi^ 
licum  debifcentet  intus  Juave'rubeutem 
Garid.    TheRofeFig. 

14.  FiCV8fatPva,  fruau  magm 
rotundo  albo  meliifluo^  foliis  magie 
diffeais.  The  ^rcat  white  Tur^ 
Fig,  with  deeply-cat  Leaves. 

15.  Ficvs  fati'oa,  fruSn  hngu 
majori  mgfo^  intus  albd^  ferotino. 
Toum.  The  great  black  Fig,  with 
a  white  Pnlp. 

1 6.  Ficvi  fathva^  fruffu  globofi 
m'grof  intut  rubeute.  The  black 
(fchia  Fig. 

17.  FiQVifiaiva^  fruBu  lougif 
flmofpadiceOf  intus  fufco.  The  Brunfi 
fwick  Fig,  ' 

18.  Y\Qmfati*va^  fmSu  globofi 
viridif  intut  rofeo.  The  Candies. 
Fig. 

19.  Ficus  fativa^fmSu  par*va 
albo,  intus  pallide-n/irente,  fuannffi" 
mo.  The  leaft  white  Fig  fioin 
Ifehia. 

20.  F\CV%  fati*»a,  fruffu  globofi^ 
extut  pallide-nnrenie,  intus  rtibro. 
The  green  I/chia  Fig. 

21.  Ficvs  filveflrisCretica,  folio 
non  divifi,  letter  crenato,  T,  Cor* 
The  Candia  wild  Fig,  with  undi- 
vided Lefves,  falfly  called  theSyco- 
more^'tree. 

22.  Ficus  Americana^  latiorifo* 
Ho  nfenofi,  ex  Curacao,  Pluk,  Jim. 
The  broad-leavM  American  Fig. 

23.  Ficus  Malaharenfis,  folio 
cufpidato^fruBu  rotundopamfogemino. 
D.Syen.  Pluk,  Aim.  Tint  Malabar 
Fig,  or  ZviftfjyGodtree. 

The  firlt  twenty  Sorts  are  cultiva* 
ted  in  curioos  Gardens  for  their 
Fruits,  which  are  efbemed,  by  all 
delicate  Palates,  amongft  the  richeil 
Sorts  of  Fruits ;  tho'  few  vulgar 
Tafiescare  for  them,  fo  that  they 

are 


F  I  F  r 

treotlen  plaiited  in  Plaeds  expofed,  their  Pnk:   therefore,    whenever 

where  few  other  Fraits  would  efcape  this  happens,  fuch  Trees  ihouM  be 

being  ftolen.     In  E^land  we  have  well  watered  and  muldied,  whkh 

had  but  few  Sorts  of  this  Friiit»  will  prevent  the  Fmic  from  dropping 

compared  with  the  vaft  Varieties  off:  and  the  Fruit  upon  thefe  Trees 

with  which  the  Soutbem  Parts  of  are   better  flavoured  than  any  of 

tranet  and  Ita^  abound,  till  of  late ;  thofe  which  grow  upOn   cold  moift 

and  it  is  to  be  hoped,    that  in  a  Land.  I  have  always  obferred  thofo 

lew  Years  we  fhall  be  fupplied  wich  Fig-trees  to  bear  the  greateft  Qoan* 

moft  of  their  curious  Sorts ;  efpeci-  tity  of  well -flavoured  Frnit,  which 

ally  iince  we  fee  yearly,  that  great  were  growing  upon  chalky  Ijuid, 

Numbers  of  People  come  to  relifli  where  there  has  been  a  Foot  or  more 

them.    But  one  great  Difcourage-  of  a  gentle  loamy  Soil  on  the  Top. 

ment  to  the  Propagation  of  thefe  They  alfo  love  a  free  open  Air ;  for 

Trees  was  the  UojQdlfulnefs  of  the  altho'  the/  will  Ihoot  and  thrive 

Englijh  Gardeners  in  their  Culture  very  well  in  clofe  Places,  yet  they 

and  Management.     I'ihall  therefore  feldem  pfOduce  any  Fruit  in  fuck 

begin  with  an  Account  of  the  Plant-  Situations  :  and  all  thofe  which  are 

Ing,    Increafmg,   and  Pruning,  of  planted  in  fmall  Gardens  in  Ltndem^ 

thefe  Trees;  which  I  ihall  treat  as  will  be  well  fumifhed  with  Leaves » 

deal*  aa   poflibly  I  can,  and  only  but  I  have  never  feen  any  Fruit  up- 

mention   the  Methods  ufed,   with  on  them, 

which  I  have  had  great  Succefs.  Thefe  Trees  are  always  planted 

The  common  Method  of  propa-  as  Standards,  in  all  warm  Countries} 

gating  thefe  Trees  is  from  Suckers,  but  in  England  they  are  generally 

which  come  up  from  the  Roots  of  planted  againft  Walls,  there  being 

old  Trees.  But  this  is  what  I  would '  but  few  Standard  Fig-trees,  at  pie*- 

never   advife ;    for    thefe    Plants,  fent,  in  the  Engljh  Gardens :    how- 

when  grown  large,  are  much  more  ever,  iince  the  Fruit  is  found  to  ripen 

fubje£t  to   produce  Suckers  again,  well  upon  the  Standards,  and  the 

than  thofe  raifed  by  Layers,  which  Crop  of  Figs  is  often  greater  upon 

ore  by  far  the  beft  rooted  and  moft  them,  than  upon  thofe  Trees  againft 

promL&ng  Plants :  therefore  I  would  Walls,  it  may  in  time  become  the 

always  make  choice  of  the  latter  general  Praflice  to  plant  them  either 

Method,   efpecially  fince  they  are  in  Standards  or  Efpaliers:  the  latter, 

very  eafy  to  be  propagated  that  Way :  1  think,  w  ill  fucceed  beft  in  Ehgiand^ 

for  if  any  of  the  young  Branches  are  if  they  were  managed  as  in  Germany  \ 

laid  down  in  the  Earth  in  the  Au-  where  they  untie  the  Fig-trees  from 

tumn,  they  will  be  well  rooted  by  the  Efpalier,  and  lay  them  down, 

that  time  Twelvemonth,  which  is  covering  them  from  the  Frofl  with 

the  proper  time  to  remove  them.  Straw  or  Litter,  which  prevents  their 

Fig-trees  generally  thrive  in  all  Shoots  being  injured  by  the  Frofl ; 

Soils,  and  in  every  Situation;  but  and  this  Covering  is  taken  away  gra- 

they  produce  a  greater  Quantity  of  dually  in  the  Spring,  and  not  wholly 

Fruit  upon  a  ^ong  loamy  Soil,  than  removed  until  all  the  Danger  of 

on  dry  Ground ;   for  if  the  Seafon  Froft  is  over :   by  which  Manage- 

proves  dry  in  May  and  June^  thofe  ment,  they  generally  have  a  very 

Trees  which  grow  upon  very  warm  great  Crop  of  Figs ;  whereas  in  Eng^ 

dry  Ground,  are  very  fubjeft  to  call  Umd^  where  the  Trees  grow  againft 

6  warai 


FI 

warm  Walls^  if  the  Spring  proves 
warm,  tbe  young  Figs  are  puflied 
out  early  ;  and  the  Cold,  which 
frequently  returns  in  April  and  May, 
caufes  the  greateft  Part  of  the  Fruit 
to  drop  off:  fo  that  our  Crop  of  Figs 
is  generally  more  uncertain,  than 
mod  other  Sorts  of  Fruit ;  and  it 
frequently  happens,  that  Trees  which 
are  planted  againft  North  and  Eaft 
afpeded  Walls,  produce  a  greater 
Quantity  of  Fruit  in  England^  than 
thofe  which  are  planted  againll  South 
and  South  eaft  Afpedb ;  which  mull 
arife  from  the  latter  putting  out 
their  Fruit  fo  much  earlier  in  the 
Spring  than  the  former :  and  if  there 
happen  cold  frofiy  Nights,  after  the 
Figs  are  come  out,  which  is  fre- 
quently the  Cafe  in  this  Country, 
the  forwarded  of  the  Figs  are  ge- 
nerally fo  injured  as  to  drop  off 
from  the  Trees  foon  afcer.  In  Italy, 
and  the  other  warm  Countries,  this 
£rft  Crop  of  Figs  is  little  regarded, 
being  few  in  Number  ;  for  it  is  the 
fecond  Crop  of  Figs  which  are  pro- 
duced from  the  Shoots  of  the  fame 
Year,  which  is  their  principal  Crop ; 
but  thefe  rarely  ripen  in  England ; 
nor  are  there  above  three  or  four 
Sorts  which  ever  ripen  their  fecond 
Crop«  let  the  Summer  prove  ever  fo 
good;  therefore  it  is  the  firfl  Crop 
which  we  muft  attend  to  in  England: 
fo  that  when  thcfc  Trees  are  grow- 
ing again  11  the  beil-afpe£led  Walls, 
it  will  be  a  good  Method  to  loofen 
them  from  the  Wall  in  Autumn  ; 
and  after  having  diveiled  the  Branches 
of  all  the  latter  Fruit,  to  lay  the 
•Branches  down  from  the  Wall,  failen- 
ing  them  together  in  fmall  Bundles, 
fo  that  they  may  be  tied  to  Stakes, 
CO  keep  them  from  lying  -upon  the 
Groaod ;  the  Damp  whereof,  when 
covered  in  frofty  Weather,  might 
caufe  them  to  grow  mouldy :  and 
he  eby  they  wiU  be  fecured  from 
Vol.  I. 


F  I 

• 

being  broken  by  tbe  Wind.  When 
they  are  thus  managed  in  Autumn, 
if  the  Winter  (hould  prove  very 
fevere,  the  Branches  may  be  eaiily 
covered  with  Peas -haulm.  Straw, 
or  any  other  light  Covering,  which 
will  guard  the  tender  fruit- bearing 
Branches  from  the  Injury  of  Froft  : 
and  when  the  Weather  is  mild,  the 
Covering  mud  be  removed,  other- 
wife  the  Figs  will  come  out  too 
early  ;  for  the  Intention  of  this  Ma- 
nagement is,  to  keep  them  as  back- 
ward as  poffible :  then  in  the  Spring, 
when  the  Figs  are  beginning  to  pufli 
out,  the  Trees  may  be  fattened  up 
to  the  Wall  again.  By  this  Manage- 
ment, I  have  feen  very  great  Crops 
of  Figs  produced  in  two  or  three 
Places. 

I  have  alfo  feen  great  Crops  of 
Figs  in  fome  particular  Gardens, 
after  ^^vy  fharp  Winters;  when  they 
have,  in  general,  failed  in  other 
Places,  by  covering  up  the  Trees 
with  Reeds  made  into  Paneb,  and 
fixed  up  againd  the  Walls. 

In  the  Pruning  of  Fig-trees,  the 
Branches  mult  never  be  (hortened ; 
becaufe  the  Fruit  are  all  produced 
at  the  Upper-part  of  the  Shoots  ; 
fo,  if  thefe  are  cut  off,  there  can 
be  no  Fruit  expe£led;  beiide,  the 
Branches  are  vtry  apt  to  die  afcer 
the  Knife :  fo  that  when  the  Branches 
are  too  dofe  together,  the  beft  Way 
is  to  cut  out  all  the  naked  Brandies 
quite  to  the  Bottom,  leaving  thofe 
which  are  beft  furnifhed  with  lateral 
Branches  at  a  proper  Didance  from 
each  other,  which  (hould  not  be 
nearer  than  a  Foot :  and  when  they 
are  well  furniihed  with  laterad 
Branches,  if  they  are  laid  four  or 
five  Inches  fartlier  afunder,  it  will 
be  better. 

The  bed  Seafon  for  pruning  of 

Fig- trees  is  in  Autumn,  because  at 

that  time  the  B;:anche:»  arc  not  fo 

K  k  full 


y 


F  I 

full  of  Sap ;  fo  they  will  not  bleed 
fo  xnttch,  as  when  they  are  pruned 
in  the  Spring ;  and,  at  this  Seafon, 
the  Branches  ihould  be  divefled  of  all 
the  autumnal  Figs ;  and  the  iboner 
this  is  done,  when  the  Leaves  begin 
to  fall  off,  the  better  will  the  young 
Shoots  rcfift  the  Cold  of  the  Winter. 
There  are  foroe  Seafons  ib  cold  and 
moift,  that  the  young  Shoots  of  the 
Fig-trees  will  not  harden ;  but  are 
foft,  and  full  of  Juice:  when  this 
happens,  there  is  little  Hope  of  a 
Crop  of  Figs  the  lucceeding  Year ; 
for  the  firil  Froft  in  Autumn  will 
kill  the  Upper  part  of  thefe  Shoots, 
fora  confiderable  Length  downward : 
whenever  this  happens,  it  is  the  bell 
Way  to  cut  off  all  the  decayed  Part 
of  the  Shoots,  which  will  prevent 
the  Infection  from  deftroying  all  the 
Lower  part  of  the  Pranches ;  and, 
by  this  Method.  I  have  feen  a  mo- 
derate Crop  of  Figs  put  out  from 
the  Lower-part  of  the  Shoots,  where, 
if  the  Shoots  had  not  been  injured, 
there  would  have  been  no  Fruit  pro- 
duced ;  becaufe  it  is  chiefly  from  the 
four  or  five  uppcrmoft  joints  of  the 
Shoots,  that  the  Fruit  comes  out: 
and  it  is  for  this  Reafon,   that  as 
many  of  the  (hort  lateral  Branches 
fhould  be  prefcrvcd  as  poffible,  thofc 
being  the  mod  productive  of  Fruit ; 
for  where  the  long  ft  rait  Shoots  are 
faftcncd  up,  there  will  be  no  Fruit, 
but  at  their  Extremities  ;  fo  that  ?.I1 
the  lower  Part  of  the  Trees  will  be 
naked,  if  there  is  not  a  partinilur 
ilegard  had  to  fupply  young  Shoots 
in  every  Part  of  the  Tree$. 

Thofe Trees  which  are  laid  down 
from  the  Walls  or  Efpaliers,  fhould 
not  be  fallcned  up  again  until  the 
End  of  M  rcb  for  the  Reafons  bc- 
ibre  given  ;  and  thofe  againft  Walls 
may  remain  fbme  time  longer:  and 
when  the  large  Shoots  of  thefe  are 
nailed  up^if  the  fmall  lateral  Branches 


F  I 

are  tkrttft  behind  thefe^  to  keep  ihOb 
ck)fe  to  the  Wall,  ic  will  fecure  the 
young  Figs  from  being  injared  by 
the  morning  Frofb  :  and  wfeen  this 
Danger  isc'ver,  they  may  be  brought 
forward  to  their  natural  Fofition 
again:  during  the  Stunmer-feafbn 
tncfe  Trees  will  require  no  pruRing; 
but  the  Branches  are  often  blown 
down  by  Wind  ;  therefore,  when- 
ever this  happens,  they  ihonld  be 
immediately  faftened  np  again  ; 
othcrwife  jbey  will  be  in  Danger  of 
breaking;  for  the  Leaves  of  thefe 
Trees  being  very  large  and  ftiff,  the 
Wind  has  great  Power  on  them ; 
fo  that  where  the  Branches  are  not 
well  fecured,  they  are  freqoently 
torn  down. 

Thofe  Trees  which  are  planted 
againfl  Efpaliers,  may  be  protedcd 
'  from  the  Injury  of   Froft  in  the 
Spring,  by  placing  Reeds  on  each 
Side  |he  Efpalier,   which  may  be 
taken  down  every  Day,    and    pot 
up  ag^in  at  Night  i   but  this  need 
not  be  pradtifed  in  warm  Weather, 
but  only  at  fuch  times  as  there  are 
cold  Winds,  and  frofty  Mornings: 
and  altho'  there  is  fome  Trouble  and 
Expence    attending    this    Manage- 
ment, yet  the  plentiful  Crop  of  Figs, 
which   may  be  this  way  obtained, 
will  fufficiently  recompenfe  for  both: 
the  beft  Way  of  making  this  Cover- 
ing is,  to  faften  the  Reeds  with  Repe- 
yarn,  in  fuch  a  manner,  as  that  it 
may  be  rolled  up  like  a  Mat  j  fo  that 
the  Whole  may  with  great  Faciliiy 
be  put  up;  or  taken  down  :  and  if 
thefe  Reeds  are  carefjlly  rolled  up, 
after  the  Scafbn  for  ufing  them  is 
over,  and  put  up  in  a  dry  Shed,  they 
will  laft  feveral  Years. 

There  are  feveral  Perfons  who  of 
late  have  planted  Fig  trees  in  Stan- 
dards, which  have  fucceeded  ray 
well  :  this  Pra^ice  was  revived,  by 
obfcrving  fome  old  Standard  Fig* 

trees 


F  I 

to^es  in  (9mt  Gardens;  which  had 
been  £rowii|g  znaoy  Years,  and  ge- 
neraJly  produced  a  much  greater 
Plenty  of  fruit  than  any  of  thoie 
Trees  which  were  growing  againfi 
warm  Walls :  indeec^  thefe  Standard 
Fig-trees  are  in  much  greater  Dan- 
ger of  having  (heir  Branches  killed 
by  fev^re  Froft  j  but  in  mild  Win- 
ters they  geiMtally  do  better  than 
tJvpie  agaiait  Walls ;  To  that  where 
thefe  Trees  can  be  covered  in  very 
hard  Winters,  there  will  always  be 
plenty  of  Fruit ;  and  thefe  may  be 
coverod  by  fal^eoing  as  many  of  the 
Branches  together,  as  can  be  con- 
Teaiently  brought  into  a  Bundle; 
and  winding  fome  Haybands,  Straw, 
Pea8-hat»]m,  or  any  fuch  light  Co- 
vering as  can  -be  readily  procured ; 
which  in  the  Spring  may  be  gra- 
dually taken  off,  £b  as  not  to  expofe 
the  Shoote  aU  at  once  to  the  open 
Air ;  and  if  there  is  fome  fuch  light 
Covering  laid  round  the  Stems,  and 
i^pon  the  Surface  of  the  Ground 
about  their  Roots,  it  will  more  ef- 
fectually fecure  them  from  the  Dan- 
ger of  FroU  ;  .but  when  this  is 
pra&ifed,  great  Care  fhould  be  taken, 
that  no  Mice  or  Rats  harbour  in  this 
Covering ;  for  thefe  will  eat  off  the 
^k  from  their  Shoots^  and  kill 
them :  and  I  have  often  obferved 
chofe  Trees  which  were  againfl 
Wallf,  have  fuffered  greatly  from 
the{e  Vermin,  by  having  many  of 
their  largeft  Branches.difbarked  near 
the  Ground,  which  has  abfolutely 
killed  them  :  and  it  is  in  the  Wintec 
that  thefe  Vermin  do  this  Mifchief 
to  them ;  therefore  they  fhould  be 
farefally  watched  at  that  Seafon. 
The  common  blue  and  white 
«  Figs,  which  are  the  Sorts  which  have 
been  the  moft  generally  cultivated 
|D  EnglanJg  are  not  fo  proper  to 
plant  for  Standards,  as  forae  other 
Born  which  have  been  lately  intro- 


F  I 

duced ;  for  they  dfn  much  tenderer, 
and  are  often  killed  almoft  to  the 
Root,  when  fome  of  the  other  Sorts, 
which  have  been  growing  in  the 
fame  Situation,  have  received  very 
little  Injury  from  the  Froil :  indeed 
the  white  Sort  is  generally  a  great 
Bearer,  and  the  Fruit  is  very  fweet ; 
but  to  thofe  Palates  which  are  ac- 
cuitomed  to  Figs,  that  Sort  is  not 
much  in  Efleem,  from  its  want  of 
Flavour.  The  Sorts  which  I  have 
found  fucceed  beft  with  me.  are  the 
ninth,  eleventh,  thirteenth,  fixteenth, 
and  eighteenth.  Their  Branches  are 
rarely  hurt  by  Frofl  in  Winter,  and 
their  Fruit  will  always  ripen  well ; 
for  in  favourable  Seafons,  many  of 
thefe  Sorts,  whkh  were  growing 
againft  Walls,  have  ripened  their 
fecond  Crop  of  Fruit  tolerably  well : 
thefe  have  alfo  fucceeded  very  well 
in  Standards,  alcho'  the  Seafons  have 
been  very  unfavourable  for  thefe 
Fruits  £nce  they  were  planted.  I 
have  alfo  planted  many  of  thefe 
Sorts  of  Fig-trees  agamft  North- 
eaU  and  North-weil  AfpeAs  ;  fome 
of  thofe  which  were  firft.  planted, 
h^ve  produced  a  good  Quantity  of 
well-tafted  Fruit,  which  has  encoii' 
raged  me  to  plant  many  more  of  thefe 
Trees,  to  the  fame  Afpe^^s  i  and 
alfo  to  increafe  my  Number  of  Stan- 
dard-trees. 

I  am  aware,  that  what  I  have 
here  advanced,  in  relation  to  the 
Pruning  and  Dreifing  of  Fig-trce«, 
will  be  condemned  by  great  Numbers 
of  People,  who  will  not  give  them- 
felves  time  ;o  confider  and  examine 
theReafons  upon  which  I  have  found* 
ed  this  Pradice,  nor  to  make  one 
fingle  Experiment  to  try  (he  Truth 
of  it,  as  being  vaflly  different  from 
the  general  Pra£lice  of  moft  Qar- 
dener3,  who  always  imagine,  ch^t 
Fig-trees  fhould  never  have  much 
Pruning,  or  at  leaft,  that  they  (ho  rid 
K  k  a  aly/ayi 


F  I 

always  be  fuffered  to  grow  very  rude 
from  the  Wall,  to  lome  Diilance. 
That  by  this  Management  I  have 
often  fcen  great  Quantities  of  Fruit, 
I  cannot  deny  ;  but  then  this  has 
been  only  in  mild  Weather;  for 
it  is  very  ceruin,  that  in  (liarp  Frofts 
few  of  thefe  on i fide  Shoots  efcape 
being  greatly  injured  where  they 
are  not  covered ;  whereas  it  rarely 
happens,  that  thofc  Shoots  which  are 
clofely  nailed  to  the  Wall  2XMchael, 
mas,  or  laid  down  and  covered,  do 
fufTer  the  leaft  Damaee;  and  the 
Fruits  are  always  produced  a  Fort- 
night fooner  upon  thefe  Branches, 
than  they  are  upon  thofe  which  grow 
from  the  Wall. 

The  Seafon  alfo  for  Pruning, 
which  I  have  laid  down,  being  vaftly 
different  from  the  common  Pradice 
and  Opinion  of  mod  Gardeners, 
will  alfo  be  objedted  againft  $  but  I 
am  fure,  if  any  one  will  but'  make 
Trial  of  it,  I  doubt  not  but  his 
Experience  will  confirm  what  I  have 
here  advanced ;  for  as  one  great  In- 
jury to  this  Tree  proceeds  from  the 
too  great  Effufion  of  Sap  at  the 
wounded  Parts,  fo  by  this  Autumn- 
pruning  this  is  prevented;  for,  at 
that  Seafon,  all  the  Parts  oi  European 
Trees,  wl»ich  calt  their  Leaves,  arc 
lefs  replete  with  ^ioifture  than  at 
any  other  time  of  the  Year;  for  by 
the  long  Continuance  of  the  Sum- 
mer's Heat,  the  Juices  of  Plants 
having  been  cxhaulled  in  the  Nou-* 
fifliment  and  Augmentation  of 
Wood,  Leaves,  Fruits,  fefr .  and  alfo 

freat  Quantities  being  evaporated 
y  Perfpi  ration,  the  Root  not  being 
able  to  fend  up  a  Supply  equivalent 
to  this  gredt  Confumption,  the 
Branches  mull  contain  a  much  lefs 
Qiiantity  of  Sap  than  in  the  Spring, 
v^hcii  it  has  had  feveral  Months  Sup- 
p'y  from  the  Root ;  which  tho'  but 
finall  ia  proportion  to  what  is  feat 


F  I 

up  when  the  Heat  is  greater,  yet 
there  bting  little  or  no  Wade,  either 
by  Perfpiration  or  Augmentation* 
there  muft  be  a  greater  Quantity 
contained  in  the  Branches  ;  which 
alfo  is  eafily  to  be  obferved,  by 
breaking  or  cutting  oflF  a  vigorous 
Branch  of  a  Fig-tree  at  both  Sea- 
fons  (the  Sap,  being  milky,  may  be 
readily  difcerned)  \  when  that  cut  in 
Autumn  (hall  be  found  to  ftop  its 
bleeding  in  one  Day^s  time,  or  lefs; 
whereas  that  cut  in  the  Spring  will 
often  flow  a  Week  or  more ;  and 
the  Wound  will  be  proponxmably 
longer  before  it  heals. 

Tho'  the  Lift  of  Figs,  which  I 
have  here  added,  nray  be  greater  m 
Number  of  Sorts  than  many  People 
at  prefent  know ;  yet  it  is  very 
fuall,  when  compared  with  the  great 
Variety  of  Sorts  which  are  known 
in  the  more  Southern  Countries  of 
Europe  ;  from  whence  J  have  been 
fupplied  with  a  great  Number  of 
Trees,  of  very  different  Sorts,  by 
my  honoured  and  learned  Friend, 
his  Excellency  the  Chevalier  Raih- 
gfb,  his  Imperial  Majefly's  ^inifier 
at  Fenici  ^  who  has  been  fo  good  as 
to  procure  me,  from  all  the  different 
Pans  of  Italy,  as  great  a  Variety  of 
thefe  Trees  as  pofiible ;  many  of 
which  have  already  produced  a  great 
Quantity  of  Fruit;  which  arc  much 
fupcrior  in  Flavour  to  the  old  Sorts, 
which  were  before  cultivated  in  Ettg- 
land. 

The  twenty- lirft  Sort  is  by  many 
People  fuppoled  to  be  the  true  Sy- 
comore-tree,  mentioned  in  Scrip- 
ture ;  which  is  a  Sort  of  Fig  which 
produces  its  Fruit  out  of  the  old 
Wood  of  the  Tree,  and  is  very 
fmal! ;  but  as  this  Tree  has  not  pro- 
duced any  Fruit  with  us,  1  cannot 
determine  whether  it  be  the  right 
Kind,  or  not. 

The 


F  I 

The  twenty-fecond  and  twenty- 
third  Sorts  here  mentioned  are  '>ftjy 
tender  Plants,  being  Inhabitants  of 
warm  Countries:  T  received  Seeds 
of  both  thefe  Sorts  from  Jammca^ 
from  which  I  raifed  many  Plants, 
feme  of  which  are  grown  to  a  con- 
fiderable  Size ;  and  the  feventeenth 
Sort  has  pufh'd  out  many  fmall  Figs 
from  the  Joints ;  but  they  dropt  off 
in  a  fhort  time  without  coming  to 
Maturity. 

The  twenty-third  Sort  is  called 
the  Indian  God-tree,  it  being  a  Tree 
under  which  the  fuperlUtious  Indians 
perform  their  Worihip. 

Thefe  are  both  very  handfome 
Plants,  and  deferve  a  Place  in  all 
curious  ColIeAions  of  Exotic  Trees : 
they  may  be  propagated  by  Layers, 
as  the  common  Fig  ;  but  fhould  be 
planted  in  Pots  of  freih  Earth,  and 
preferved  in  Stoves :  in  the  Summer 
they  may   be  expofed  during  the 
Months  oijulj  and  Angujl^  but  muft 
be  removed  into  Shelter  early  in 
September.     During  the  W inter- fea- 
Ibn  they  will  require  frequent  Wa- 
terings, provided  the  Stove  is  kept 
to  a  good  Degree  of  Heat ;   other- 
wife  they  mull  be  watered  very  fpa- 
ringly.  The  Heat  which  thefe  Plants 
bed  agree  with  in  the  Winter,    is 
about  the  temperate  Point,  as  mark'd 
on    the  Botanical  Thermometers ; 
for  in  a  much  greater  Degree  of 
Heat  they  will  grow  too  freely  in 
Winter  ;  and  in  a  lefs,  they  will  be 
apt  to  drop  their  Leaves,  and  lofe 
their    leading  Bad ;    whereby    the 
Beauty  of  the  Tree  will  be  greatly 
impaired.     But  if  you  are  defirous 
to  have  thefe  Trees  grow  to  a  large 
Size,  and  in  a  fhort  time,  you  ihould 
plunge  their  Pots  into  Tanners  Bark, 
which  will  caufethem  to  make  a 
confiderable  Progrefj.     I  have  had 
Plants  of  the  twenty  -  fecond  Sort, 
which,  by  this  Maiia<^etiQent,  have 


F  I 

been  eight  Feet  high  in  two  Years, 
from  the  time  of  fowing  the  Seeds; 
and  the  Leaves  have  been  prodigi- 
oufly  large  and  fair. 

Thefe  Trees  are  Natives  of  the 
Eafi^nd  W.eft ■  Indies :    in  the  £«/?- 
Indies  the    twenty -fecor\d  is  called 
the  Banyan-tree  :   the  Natives  trim 
the  Branches  of  thefe  Trees,   and 
train  them,  fo  as  to  form  covered 
arched  Groves;    in  the  Midll  of 
which,  they  fet  up  their  Pagods^  and 
make  thefe  the  Places  of  their  Wor- 
fliip.     In  the  Weft -Indies  tl^'s  Tree 
is  called  the  Bearded  Fig- tree,  from 
its    fending    out    Roots    from    the 
Branches,   which  flrike  down   into 
the  Ground ;  and  from  thence  ihoot 
up  Stems  again  ;    fo  that  a  fingle 
IVee,    if  permitted  to  grow,   will 
make  a  Foreft  :    and   thefe  Roots, 
coming  out  in  great  Plenty,  from  all 
the  Branches,  form  a  Cover  fo  thick, 
as  to  render  the  Places  where  they 
grow  impaflable  ;    fo  that  they  are 
generally  Harbours  for  wild  Ani- 
mals. There  are  fome  of  thefe  Trees 
at  prefent  in  Engl  and ^  which  have 
been  encouraged  in  Stoves ;  which 
in  a  few  Years  have  grown  fo  large, 
as  not  to  be  contained  under  the 
GlafTes,  tho'  they  were  upward  of 
twenty  Feet  high  ;   and  have  lent 
down  their  Roots,  and  foread  quite 
over  a  Bark-bed,  ten  Feet  in  Length ; 
but  as  thefe  require  {o  much  room, 
there  are  no  Stoves,  yet  built,  capa- 
ble of  containing  them,  when  they 
grow  large. 

Bo:h  thefe  Sorts  of  Figs  may  be 
propagated  by  Cuttings,  which  rtiay 
be  planted  in  June  or  July ;  and 
fhould  be  plunged  into  a  moderate 
Hot  bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  which 
will  promote  their  Rooting ;  fo  that 
the  Cuttings,  by  this  Method,  will 
have  made  Roots  llrong  enough  to 
be  tnnfplanred  in  about  two  Months; 
when  they  (hould  be  each  planted 
Jt  k  3  inic 


F  I 

into  a  feparate  Pot«  and  treated  a^ 
the  old  Plants. 

There  is  another  Sort  of  tbefe 
Figs,  which  is  in  fome  of  the  Cu- 
rious Gardens  in  Holland^  which  is 
called  Ficus  nymphate  folixs^  i.  e. 
Figs  with  Leaves  like  the  Water- 
lily  ;  the  Pedicle  of  the  Leaf  being 
fituated  in  the  Middle  of  the  Leaf, 
in  the  fame  manner  as  is  the  Water- 
lily.  This  is  a  Native  of  the  warm 
Parts  of  America ;  fo  cannot  be  kept 
in  England^  unlefs  placed  in  a  warm 
Stove :  at  prefent  there  are  no  Plants 
of  this  Kind  in  the  Englijh  Gardens. 
This  mud  be  treated  in  the  fame 
manner  as  hath  been  directed  for 
the  other  two  Sorts. 

FICUS  TNDTCA.  ^/VirOpuntia. 

FILAGO.     FiJe  Gnaphalium. 

FILBERT,     ride  Corylus. 

FIUPENDULA,  Dropwort.    " 
The  Cbara^en  are ; 

//  bath  afibrofe  Root,  lutth  oUong 
Bulbs  or  Tubers  faflen^d  to  the  Bottom 
of  the  Fibres :  the  Learves  are  finely 
CMt  into  narrotju  Segments :  the  Flotuers, 
nvhich  cortfifi  of  fix  or  fcven  Petals^ 
mre  dijpojed  into  a  loofe  Panicle :  the 
Fruit  is  almnfi  rounds  containing  many 
Seeds,  ivhicb  are  gathered  into  an 
Head  refembling  a  Tub, 
The  Species  are ; 

1.  FiLiPENDULA  *vulgaris,  an 
Molon  Plinii,  C,  B.  Common  Drop- 
wort. 

2.  FlLiPENDULA  'Vulgaris,  an 
Molon  Pliniit  folio  *variegato.  H.  R. 
Far.  Common  Dropwort,  \vith  a 
\ariegatcd  Leaf. 

3.F1LIPENDULA  omni parte  major, 
folio  anguftiori.  Boerh,  Ind.  Larger 
Dropwort,  with  a  narrower  Leaf. 

The  fir il  of  thefe  Species  is  afed 
in  Medicine;  but  is  feldom  culti- 
vated in  Gardens :  it  grows  wild  in 
moft  Parts  of  England  upon  open 
Heats  and  Commons,  as  alfo  upon 
chalky  Hills. 


FO 

The  feeon<ISoit  i9'»lfteiffy  of 
the  firft,  with  ftnjf^  Icdirci ;  sn^ 

is  preferved  in  fofne  ciuitfosGaRknv 
by  fuch  as  delight  in  ▼aiiefan^ 
Plants. 

The  third  Sort  I  brought  ftww 
Holland  Anno  17  27.  This  diftr* 
from  the  common  Sort  in  beiag  iar* 
ger  in  every  Pare ;  but  the  Lcaves^ 
are  narrower,  and  liner  cur:  thare 
is  alfo  one  with  double  FIokats, 
which  is  preferved  in  fome  oiriOB^ 
Gardens. 

Thefe  Plants  may  be  eafily  propa- 
gated by  taking  up  thoir  Roots  inf 
Autumn,  when  the^Leaves  begin  to 
decay,  and  parting  them  inM  fmall 
Heads;  which,  if  planted  in  an 
open  Situation,  will  thrive  and  in- 
creafe  exceedingly.  They  may  alfo 
be  propagated  by  fowing  their  Seed» 
in  Autamn,  which  will  come  op  the 
fucceeding  Spring,  and  dbe  fecood 
Seafon  will  Aower:  bot.  this  is  no9 
the  fured  way  to  preferve  the  Kinds  9 
fbr  they  may  be  apt  to  vary  fto0 
the  Sorts  fown. 

FILIX,  Fern.  There  ape  great 
Varieties  of  this  Plant  in  the  dif- 
ferent Parts  of  the  World,  but  par- 
t^ularly  in  America,  as  may  be  feeii 
in  the  Natural  Htfiorj  of  Jaaeaica, 
publifhed  by  Sir  Kins  S/oane,  Bart, 
and  in  Plumiers  American  Ferns : 
but  as  they  are  Plants  whkh  are 
feldom  propagated  in  Gardens,  I 
fhall  pafs  them  over  in  this  Place. 

FIR-TREE.     Vide  Abies. 

FLAMMULA  jOVIS.  Fide 
Clematis. 

FLOS  AFRICANUS.  T/V^Ta- 
gcte5. 

FLOS  PASSIONIS.  Fide  Gra- 
nadilla. 

FLOS  SOLIS.  Fide  HcHanthus. 

FLOS  TRINITATIS.  Fi^ 
Viola. 

FOENICULUM^  FentL 

The 


F  a 

The  Char  offers  are; 
It  is  an  umhelUftrous  Plant^  <whofe 
Leanjis  are  divided  into  cppillaceous 
Jags  :  the  Pctaif  of  the  Flo<wer  an 
isttirty  and  f  laced  orbicularly^  ex- 
panding in  form  of  a  Rofe :  each 
Flatter  is  fucceeded  by  t*wo  oblong 
tbici  gibhofe  Seeds ^  ivbicb  are  cba^ 
ndPd  on  om  Side^  and  plain  on  the 
Hber. 

The  Species  arc ; 

1.  FoENicuLUM  <vulgare  Germa- 
nicum.  C.  B.     Common  Fenel. 

2.  FoENicuLUM  folUs  atro-viren" 
tibus.  i/.  Bd,  Common  Fenel,  with 
dark-green  Leaves. 

3-  FoENicuLUM  dulce.  C,  B. 
Sweet  Fcncl. 

4.  FoENicULUM  fyhejire.  C.  B. 
Wild  Fenel. 

5.  FoENicuLUM  duke  Axorieum, 
Pluk.  Almag,     Finochia,  'vulgo. 

The  firft  Sort  is  fo  common  in 
England f  that  it  will  be  needlefs  to 
iay  any  thing  concerning  it. 

The  fecond  Sort  is  a  Variety  of 
the  firfl ;  which  is  very  common 
amongft  it  in  moft  Gardens  in  Eng- 
land, 

The  third  Sort  is  the  fweet  Fenel, 
whofe  Seeds  are  ufed  in  Medicine : 
this  is  by  many  People  fuppofed  to 
be  only  a  Variety  of  the  common 
Sort,  or  at  lead  that  the  common 
Sort  is  a  Degeneracy  from  it :  but 
this  i$  a  great  Miflake ;  for  the  fweet 
Fenel  is  an  annual  Plant,  and  never 
furvives  a  Winter  with  us ;  whereas 
the  common  Sort  will  abide  many 
Years. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are 
promiicuoufly  brought  to  the  Mar- 
kets for  Kitchen  uics.  Thefe  are 
propagated  by  fowing  their  Seeds 
loo.:  after  tbey  are  ripe ;  and  whtn 
the  Plants  are  come  up,  they  fliouid 
be  either  tranfplanced,  or  hoed  out 
to  the  Didance  of  fixtccn  or  eighteen 
Inches,  Plant  from  Plant;  for  they 


F  o 

will  fpread  and  increafe  in  fiulfc 
greatly :  their  Roots  will  abide  many 
Years ;  but  you  muft  be  careful  not 
to  fuifer  their  Seeds  to  fhed  upon 
the  Ground  ;  for  the  Plants  will 
come  up,  and  over -run  every  thing 
that  grows  near  them,  and  they  are 
with  much  Difficulty  extirpated. 

The  fweet  Fenel  is  an  Annual, 
and  mufl  be  fown  upon  a  warm  Soil, 
and  in  an  open  Situation,  in  Febru- 
aryy  or  the  Beginning  of  March  \ 
and  when  thefe  Plants  are  come  up, 
they  (hould  be  hoed  out  to  ten  Inches 
or  a  Foot  Diftancc  from  each  other,, 
and  kept  clear  from  Weeds :  in 
Auguft  this  Plant  will  per  fed  its 
Seeds,  and  foon  after  the  Roots  will 
decay.  The  Seeds  of  this  Plant, 
which  are  faved  in  England^  are  not 
near  fo  good  as  thofe  which  are 
brought  from  Abroad,  which  are 
generally  imported  at  a  vtry  reafon- 
able  Price  ;  therefore  it  is  not  worth 
cultivating  with  us. 

The  Finochia  is  a  Plant  which  of 
late  Years  has  been  introduced  into 
the  Eftgiijb  Gardens ;  where  it  is 
cultivated  as  a  Sallad  herb,  and  is 
by  fomc  People  very  much  efteemecl, 
tho'  the  Generality  olEngliJh  Palate5 
Ao  not  at  prefcnc  rellfh  it ;  but  fmce 
it  is  Ikcly  to  become  of  more  ge- 
neral Ufc,  I  fhall  give  a  Ihort  Ac- 
count of  its  Culture. 

Firi},  you  muft  provide  yourftlf  _ 
with  a  Parcel  of  good  Seeds  from 
Uftly  ;  for  thofe  iaved  in  Englavd 
arc  very  apt  to  degenerate  :  in 
February  you  may  fow  for  the  firll 
Crop ;  which  ihould  be  in  a  warm 
Siruarinn,  and  upon  a  light  dry 
Soil.  The  manner  of  doing  this 
is  as  follows :  After  having"  well 
dug  and  leveird  tire  Ground  fmooth, 
you  Hiould  make  a  (hallow  Rill  by 
a  Line,  into  which  you  muft  feather 
your  Seeds  pretty  thin  ;  for  if  your 
Plants  are  fix  Inches  afunder  in  tht 
•K  k  4  Rows 


F  O 

RowSy  It  will  be  full  neir  enough  ; 
but  however,  you  mud  expert  fome 
of  your  Seeds  to  fail :  and  therefore 
you  (hould  fcatter  them  about  two 
Inches  Diftance;  then  cover  the 
Seeds  abput  half  an  Inch  thick  with 
Earth,  laying  it  fmooth :  thefe  Rills 
ihould  be  made  flxteen  Inches  afun- 
der,  or  more,  that  there  may  be 
room  to  clear  the  Ground  -,  as  alfo 
to  earth  up  the  Plants  when  they  are 
full  grown. 

When  the  Plants  come  up,  which 
will  be  in  the  Space  of  about  three 
Weeks  or  a  Month  after  fowing, 
you  muil  with  a  fmall  Hoe  cut  up 
all  the  AVeeds  between  them,  and 
cut  out  the  Plants  to  about  four 
Inches  Diflancej  and  as  they  ad- 
vance, and  the  Weeds  fpring  again, 
they  fhould,  from  time  to  time,  be 
hoed :  and  at  the  laft  time  of  thin- 
ning them,  they  fhould  be  left  fix 
or  feven  Inches  afunder  at  lead.  If 
your  Kind  be  good,  the  Seems  of 
the  Plant  will  increafe  to  a  confi- 
derable  Bulk  juft  above  the  Surface 
of  the  Ground  ;  which  Part  fliould 
be  earth'd  up  in  the  manner  of  Ce- 
lery,  to  blanch,  about  a  Fortnight 
before  it  is  ufed  ;  and  this  will  caufe 
it  to  be  very  tender  and  crifp. 

Your  fecond  Crop  fhould  be  fown 
about  three  Weeks  after  the  firft, 
and  fo  continue  fowing  every  three 
Weeks  or  a  Month  till  July ;  after 
which  time  it  will  be  tOo  late  for 
the  Plants  to  come  to  any  Perfcdlion. 
put  you  (hould  obferve  to  fow  in 
j^fril  and  May  on  a  moiiler  Soil 
than  that  which  you  fow'd  the  fiift 
on  :  as  alfo  what  you  fow  in  the  lat- 
ter Part  of  yune,  or  the  Beginning 
of  Ju/y,  fhould  be  fown  on  a  drier 
Soil,  and  in  a  warmer  Situation ; 
becaufe  this  Crop  wi'I  not  be  fit  for 
Vfc  till  late  in  Autumn,  and  there- 
fore will  be  fubjcft  to  Injuries  from 
too  much  wet  or  cold  Wcaihcr,  if  op 

7 


F  R 

a  moifl  Soil.  But  as  the  Ground  is 
very  often  extreme  dry  in  ytme  and 
yufyf  and  the  Seeds  more  a\>t  to 
mifcarry,  and  not  come  up,  yon 
fhould  therefore  obferve  to  water 
and  fhade  the  Beds  where  this  Seed 
is  fown  at  that  Seafon,  until  the 
Plants  come  up.  ^ 

A  fmall  Bed  of  this  Plant  will  be 
fufficient  at  each  Sowing  for  a  mid- 
dling Family  ;  and  for  a  large  Fa- 
mily, a  Bed  of  about  twenty  Feet 
long,  and  four  Feet  broad^  will  be 
full  enough  at  a  time. 
FOENUM  BURGUNDIACUM. 
Fide  Medica  Sativa. 

FOENUM  GK^CUM.  Fid^ 
Trigonella. 

FRAGARIA,  Strawberries. 
The  CharaScrs  are ; 

//  hath  a  perennial  fibro/e  Roei : 
the  Leagues  are  'vtindy  graving  tbret 
upon  each  Footftalk  :  the  SteJh  trail 
upcn  the  Ground:  the  Cup  of  the 
Flonver  confijis  of  one  Leaf  tvhicb 
is  d'twided  into  tin  equal  Parts^  and 
ixpandi  inform  of  a  Star  :  the  FlffW' 
er  cofiftfis^  for  the  mofi  pRrty  of  froe 
Leames^  ijubich  expand  in  form  of  a 
Rofe,  andhutue  many  Stamina  in  the 
Middle^  round  the  Bafe  of  the  Ovary: 
the  Fruit  is  globcfe  or  o^al^  and  «»- 
ffts  of  a  flfjhy  ratable  Pulf^  full  of 
Frotuhtrances, 

The  Sfeci(s  are ; 

1.  Fragaria  'Vulgaris.  C.  B» 
Common  or  Wood-ftrawberry. 

2.  V 9, KGhKih  ft v£lu  alho.  C.  B. 
Common  Strawberry,  w^th  white 
Fruit. 

3 .  Fr A  c A  R :  A  fruQu  par^vi  pruni 
msfgnitudine,  C.  J?.  The  Hautboy 
Strawberry,  rvulgo^ 

4.  Fragaria  Firgitiiana^  fruSu 
cocci neo.  M»  H,  Firginian  Strawberry, 
with  fcarlet  Fruit ;  commonly  called 
Scarlet  Strawberry. 

^  Fragaria  Cbilienfj^  fiuH^ 
^aximo^filiis  carnjjis  hirfutis  \  vul- 


F  R 

go  FruttUa.  Frm,  Yoy,    Ltrge  CbiB 
Strawberry. 

6.  FRAOARiA/rir<ff»  globofo  ma^ 
jore  fuaviffimo.  The  Globe-haut- 
boy Strawberry. 

7.  F n AG AKi A /ruSu  parvoexal" 
bo  njirefcente.  Strawberry  with  a 
fmall  greenifh-whice  Fruit. 

The  firft  and  (ecoDd  Sorts  of 
Strawberry  are  foand  wiid  in  the 
Woods  in  divers  Parts  of  England^ 
from  whence  the  Plants  are  taken, 
and  tranfplanted  into  Gardens,  by 
which  the  Fruit  is  improved.  The 
beft  Seafon  for  this  Work  is  Septem'- 
her^  that  the  Plants  may  be  rooted 
in  their  new  Quarters  before  the 
Frofl  begins ;  which  is  very  apt  to 
loofen  the  Earth  fo  much  about  their 
Roots,  that  when  the  Froft  goes  off, 
the  Plants  are  apt  to  be  turnM  out 
of  the  Ground.  They  may  alfo  be 
tranfplanted  in  Fehrnary ;  but  then, 
if  the  Spring  (hould  prove  dry,  they 
will  require  a  great  Expence  of 
Water  to  keep  them  alive. 

The  Soil  which  is  moft  proper 
for  thefe  Plants,  is  a  frefli  hazelly 
Loam,  not  over- rich,  which  would 
caufe  the  Plants  to  fpread  and  fiou- 
rifli ;  but  they  would  not  be  fo  fruit- 
ful' as  upon  a  moderate  Soil.  The 
Ground  (hould  be  well  dug,  and 
cleared  from  the  Roots  of  all  noxious 
Weeds ;  and  after  it  is  leveled  even, 
you  muft  mark  it  out  into  Beds 
about  three  Feet  and  an  half  wide ; 
leaving  a  Path  between  each  Bed 
two  Feet  broad,  for  the  Conveniency 
of  walking  between  them  to  water 
and  clean  thero,  as  alfo  to  gather 
the  Fruit.  In  thefe  Beds  may  be 
planted  four  Rows  of  Plants,  where- 
by they  will  be  about  a  Foot  afun- 
der  Row  from  Row ;  and  in  the 
Rows  they  (hould  be  planted  at  leaft 
pight  Inches  diftant Plant  from  Plant; 
for  if  they  are  planted  nearer,  they 
lyill  in  one  Year's  time  be  io  thick. 


F  R 

that  they  will  not  have  room  to 
thrive.       • 

Ifoie^  The  Difhrtce  here  defign'd 
being  for  the  Wood  -  ftrawberry, 
the  other  large-growing  Kinds  mul^ 
have  a  greater  Share  of  room,  ac- 
cording to  their  different  Degrees  of 
Growth ;  as  for  Example,  the  fcai> 
let- ftrawberry  (hould  be  planted  a 
Foot  fquare  Plant  from  Plant ;  and 
the  Hautboy  (ixteen  or  eighteen 
Inches  Diftance  each  Way  ;  and  the 
Chili  Strawberry  twenty  Inches^  or 
two  Feet. 

In  the  Spring  of  the  Year,  when 
the  Strawberries  begin  to  flower,  if 
the  Seafon  (hould  be  dry,  you  muft 
bbferve  to  water  them  plentifully^ 
otherwife  the  Flowers  will  fall  away 
without  producing  any  Fruit.  Yon 
mufl  alfo  carefully  clean  your  Beds 
of  Strawberries  from  Weeds  from 
time  to  time,  as  they  fhall  require ; 
for  if  they  are  once  fuffer'd  to  over- 
bear the  Plants,  they  will  decay  in 
large  Patches  ;  and  alfo  greatly 
weaken  all  thofe  that  may  continue 
alive.  About  Michaelmas  you  (hould 
clear  off  all  the  Weeds  from  the 
Beds,  as  alfo  cut  off  all  the  Strings 
or  Runners  from  the  Roots,  pulling 
out  all  weak  Plants  where  they  are 
too  clofe ;  then  dig  up  the  Walks 
between  theBeds,burying  theWeads 
that  came  off  in  the  Bottom,  and 
throw  a  little  fine  Earth  over  the 
Beds  between  the  Plants ;  being  ytxy 
careful  not  to  lay  it  fo  thick  as  to 
bury  the  Plants ;  this  will  greatly  , 
flrengthen  them,  and  caufe  their 
Fruit  to^  be  larger,  and  in  greater 
Quantities,  than  they  would  be,  if 
left  undrefs'd. 

Thefe  few  Rules  will  be  fuflkient, 
if  duly  regarded,for  cultivating  thefe 
Plants.  I  would  only  farther  ob* 
krvt,  that  thefe  Beds  will  not  con- 
tinue bearing  well  more  than  three 
Years ;  therefore^  in  order  to  have 

aeon- 


PR 

acodbttl  Sufsply,  708.  (hoiiU  pknt 
a  frefli  Plat  of  Ground  a  Year  before 
}«a  ddboy  the  old  Bed« ;  othcrwife 
(your  young  Plantation  producing 
fiiw  or  no  Fruit  the  firft  Ycv)  you 
will  be  drilitttte  a  whole  Seafon. 

The  Wood-drawbcrry  b  by  many 
People  preferred  for  the  Firmaeis  of 
its  Fruity  and  Delicacy  of  Flavour  : 
•then  gieatiy  adnire  the  ftarlet  Sort 
(or  its  Goodnefs ;  and  the  Hautboy 
13  efteemed  for  the  Largenefe  of  itt 
Fruit :  bat  the  laft  Sort  k  by  far  the 
bcft  flavoured  of  all  the  Kinds,  tho* 
U  x»  a  bad  Bearer. 

The  icarlet  Strawberry  is  a  Na- 
live  oiJmeriea^  and  was  firft  brooght 
into  England  from  Virginia  i  hut 
this  is  now  become  fo  coiomoa  in 
the  Gardens^  as  to  be  thought  by 
many  a  Native  of  this  Couatry. 
This  is  the  earlieft  Sort,  always  com- 
ing a  Fortnight  fooner  than  either 
the  Wood  or  Hautboy  Strawberries  1 
and  is  an  excellent  well  flavour*d 
Fruit ;  fo  is  generally  cfteemed. 

The  Hautboy  is  alfo  a  firm  well- 
flavoisr'd  Fruit;  and  the  Globe- 
hautboy,  as  it  is  generally  called,  is 
a  very  good  fie^ er,  and  a  large 
Fruit. 

The  Wood-fbrawberry,  both  the 
red  aid  white,  will  bear  in  greater 
Plenty,  when  they  are  planted  in  a 
ftrong  moift  Soil,  than  when  they 
are  on  a  dry  light  Ground  ;  where, 
if  they  are  not  well  fupplied  with 
Water  in  dry  Seafons,  they  will  pro- 
duce very  little  Fruit. 

The  green  Strawberry  is  the  lateil 
pf  all  the  Sorts  ;  this  produces  its 
Fruit  in  large  Bunches  upon  long 
Footibilks;  (0  requires  to  have  feme 
Support,  efpccially  in  wet  Seafons  ; 
ptberwife  the  Fruit  will  lie  upon  the 
Ground,  and  the  Earth  will  be 
walhed  over  them ;  cr  if  the  Surface 
pf  the  Beds  is  covered  with  Mofs, 
it  Will  be  an  excellent  Method  to 


FR 

preferve  die  Fnm  dcaa.  This  Soit 
feldom  produces  much  Fruit  ia 
warm  dty  Land ;  but  upon  ftrong 
fJdS  Ground  bears  plentifally,  and  is 
the  richeft  Fruit  of  all  the  Kinds  yet 
known  ;  being  very  fim>»  and  of  a 
rennrkableQuicknefs  in  its  Flavour. 
This  Sort  is  by  fome  Perfons  Biloi 
the  Pine-apple  Strawberry^  from  an 
Affinity,  as  they  fappofe,  between 
the  Flavour  of  this  Fruit  and  that  of 
the  nne-apple  ;  and  fome  others 
have  given  it  the  Name  of  Drey/im 
Strawberry^  from  its  k^ving  been 
much  cultivated  there. 

The  Ov/i  Strawberry  was  brought 
firft  into  Europe  by  Monfieur  Frescipr, 
Engineer  to  the  late  French  King, 
and  given  to  Monfieur  dg  Jnffiem^ 
ProfefTor  of  Botany  to  the  Royal 
Garden  at  Paris  ;  who  hath  fpread 
it  into  divers  Parts  of  Etirtfe,  This 
Plant,  Monfieur  Frevuir  (ays,  is  cul- 
tivated in  the  Fields  near  Cbiii  in 
gteat  Plenty  ;  and  that  it  diiFers  from 
the  European  Kinds,  in  having  larger, 
thicker,  and  more  hairy  Leaves :  the 
Fruit  is  generally  as  large  as  a  Wal- 
nut, and  i'omet-  mes  as  big  as  an  Hen* 
egg«  of  a  whitiih  •  red  Colour,  and 
fomewhat  lets  deHcious  inTafte  than 
our  Wood  •  ib^wberries.  This  has 
produced  Fruit  feveral  Years  in  the 
Royal  Garden  at  Paris^  where  Mon- 
fieur Jm£iiu  aiTured  me  it  was  com- 
monly as  large  as  a  fmall  Apple.  I 
brought  fome  of  the  Plants  from 
Holland  Anno  1 727.which  thrive  and 
increafe  exceedingly  -,  but  thefe  bear 
very  indifferently,  efpecially  in  light 
Ground ;  therefore  few  Perfons  care 
to  propagate  this  Sort  in  England. 
Thefe  Plants  have  been  placed  in  the 
Sun,  and  cultivated  with  Care ;  but 
have  never  fucceeded  where  they 
have  been  thus  treated.  I  have  ob- 
ferved,  that  they  have  fucceeded  beft 
where  they  hive  grown  under  tlie 
Slmde  of  Trees,  in  a  loamy  Soi],  and 

'  little 


F  R 

little  more  Que  ti^eit  of  tliem  thaa 
to  keep  them  dear  from  Weeds,  aad 
to  diveft  tkem  of  their  Roanerseverj 
AatuniD;  for  it  if  the  old  Pianti 
•oly  which  produce  Eruit,  and  thofe 
feldom,  esficept  itk  vtsy  ftrong  liaad ; 
for  ia  the  Clays  I  have  ieen  Plenty 
of  thk  Fnk,  which  were  y^ry  larg<^ 
and  welJ-fkivoared. 

FRANGULA,  Berry -bearing 
Alder. 

The  Chara^ers  are  s 

li  batk  TMinM/h  LawiSffimnvb/U 

Ukg  th^fi  of  tbi    AldiT'trui     hut 

/mailer  :  tbt  Firmer  e$njyts  of  finte 

LeaiHSy  mobicb  exfmnd  in  farm  of  a 

Ro/e :  tbt  Flowers  art  fmcttakd  by 

fmail  rouad  BtrrioSf  in  eacb  ofncbicb 

are  contained  two  fmall  fiat  Seeds* 

The  Spedes  are ; 

1.  'F%ti}iiQV\,\,  Jive  Almu,  nigira 
hatciftra.  Park.  Tbeat.  Black  heny- 
bearing  Alder. 

2.  FaANCULA  rt^go/Sore  &  «w- 
fliore  folio.  Team.  Berry -betting 
Aider,  with  a  larger  and  rougher 
Loif. 

3.  FaANCVLA    moniatus   famila 
JoMotiliSj  folio  fuhrottmdo.      Totarn, 

Low  Mountain  rocky  berry- bearing 
Aider,  with  a  ronnd  Leaf. 

4.  Fa  AN  GU  LA  montana  famla 
faxatilis^  folio  Mengo.  7oarn,  Low 
Mountain  rocky  berry-bearing  Al- 
der, with  an  oblong  Leaf. 

The  firft  Sort  is  ^ery  common  in 
moid  Woods  in  divers  Parts  of  Eng» 
land^  and  is  rarely  cultivated  in  Gar- 
dens, except  for  Variety  :  it  ieldom 
grows  above  fourteen  or  fixreen  Feet 
In  Height,  and  is  not  very  regular 
in  its  Growth ;  fo  that  as  it  is  a  Plabt 
of  no  great  Beauty,  it  lefs  deferves 
a  Place  in  curious  Gardensi  It  may 
be  propagated  by  Layers,  or  from 
Suckers,  which  arife  from  the  Foot 
of  old  Plants  ;  and  muft  be  planted 
in  a  motft  Soil,  and  a  (hady  Sitiia- 
cion,  where  it  will  thrive  exceed- 
ingly 


F  R 

The  iisoond  Sort  is  left  conmoB 
than  the  former  in  England  i  but 
may  be  propagated  in  the  fame  man- 
ner as  hath  been  direded  for  that 
Sort,  and  requires  amoifl  Situation : 
this  is  much  like  the  former  in  its 
Growth,  and  vof  be  admjfted  ftir 
Variety. 

The  third  and  fourth  Sorts  are  of 
HumbleGrowth,  ieldom  rifing  abovie 
two  Feet  high :  thefe  grow  on  thc^ 
Pyressean  Mountain,  and  are  (eldoni 
preferved  nnleis  m  Botanic  Gardene^ 
for  Variety :  they  may  be  iaciemM 
by  laying  down  their  Branches  ;  but 
muft  have  a  ftrong  Soil,  fomewhat 

drier  than  whni  bat  been  direaed  for 
the  two  former. 

The  Fruit  of  the  firft  Sort  is  oficft 
brought  into  the  Markets  oiLmdoap 
and  told  for  Buckthorn-berries  1  oT 
which  Cheat,  all  fnch  as  make  Syrup 
of  Buckthorn  fiiould  be  partictthu^ 
careful :  they  may  be  eafily  diftin- 
gniibed  by  breaking  the  Berries,  and 
observing  bow  many  Seeds  are  con^ 
taiaed  in  each ;  the  Betries  ot  due 
Tree  having  but  two,  and  thofe  of 
Buckthorn  generally  Ibor  Seoda  ia 
each  Berry. 

FRAXINELLA,  Aiflard  or 
White  Dittany. 

The  CbaraSert  are  1 

//  bmtb  a  perennial  Root :  the 
Leaves  are  fenmated  like  tbofe  of  tbe 
AJb  :  tbe  Flowers  confift  of  many 
Loaves^  and  are  of  an  anomaUmt  Ft* 
gure^  fonr  oftbefe  Petals  growing  on 
tbe  Upptr-fidtt  and  one  or  more  on  tbi 
UndeT'fide  of  tbe  Flower  %  ht  tbi 
Centre  of  nssbitb  an  prodnced  niste  «r 
ten  r/twW  Stamina  or  Tbreesdt :  ead 
F/orver  is  fuecetded  by  many  Podt^ 
m)hicb  are  tnrsCd  beuk  like  a  Ram^e 
Horn,  and  of  en  in  two  Partt^  etait* 
ting  federal  large  bard  Uack  Jbimmg 
Seeds, 

The  Speiet  are; 

I.  Fraxinella.    Cltff*    While 

Baftard 


F  R 

Baibrd  Dittany,  or  FraxinelU,  with 
white  Flowers. 

2.  FrAX  lie  ELLA  purpurea  major 
muitijlora,  H.  R.  Par,  Great  purple 
PraxinelUy  with  many  Flowers. 

3.  Fraxinella  mii»r  purfi/rra 
Btlgar^m.  H.  R,  Par.  Small  pur- 
ple white  Dittany  of  Holland. 

4.  Fraxinella  ninjio  fore.  Ctuf. 
Hifl,  White  Dittany,  with  fnow- 
white  Flowers. 

The  firft  and  fecond  Sorts  are  the 
•jnoft  connion  in  England  i  the  other 
two  Sorts  are  at  prefcnt  more  rare ; 
and  only  to  be  found  in  fome  curioua 
Gardens. 

They  are  propagated  either  by 
lowing  their  Seeds,  or  parting  the 
Roots  :  the  latter  Method,  being  the 
moft  expeditious,  is  generally  made 
ofe  of,  thoiUgh,  if  we  would  fupply 
oarfeWes  with  a  Quantity  of  thefe 
Plants,  we  mull  procure  them  from 
Seeds;  for  the  Roots  do  not  multi- 
ply very  fall  ;  nor  fhould  they  be 
difturbM  by  parting  them  oftener 
than  every  fourth  Year :  for  if  you 
part  them  frequently,  or  into  fmall 
Heads,  the  Flowers  will  be  few  in 
Number,  and  very  weak. 

The  beit  Seafion  to  tranfplant  thefe 
Roots  is^  towards  the  Latter-end  of 
Seftembtr^  or  Beginning  of  Odober^ 
that  they  may  be  rooted  before  the 
hard  Frofts  begin ;  by  which  means 
they  will  be  enabled  to  refill  the 
Cold, and  produce  much  fairer  Flow- 
ers than  thofe  which  are  tranfp] anted 
,  in  the  Spring.  The  Soil  in  which 
thefe  Plants  thrive  bcft,  is  a  frelh  rich 
|;entle  Loam,  not  too  ftiif,  or  wet ; 
in  both  of  which  they  are  ap:  to  rot 
in  Winter. 

If  you  would  propagate  them  by 
Se^s,  you  mult  few  them  on  a  Bed 
of  good  fre(h  Earth,  in  an  open  Ex- 
pofure,  foon  after  the  Seeds  are  ripe; 
for  if  they  are  kept  till  Spring  be- 
fore they  are  fown,  they  either  mif- 


F  R 

carry,  or  lie  in  the  Ground  till  tk 
next  Spring  before  the/  come  up: 
but  you  mud  carefully  ob(erre  en 
weed  the  Bed ;  for  if  you  faifer  tite 
Weeds  to  root  deep  in  the  Gromid, 
they  will  endanger  the  diawii^  of 
the  Seeds  out  of  the  Earth,  when  tfac 
former  are  pulled  op.  If  the  Sprmg 
fhould  prove  dry  when  yonr  PUnts 
fir  ft  appear,  you  fhould  gently  water 
the  Bed,  and  fhade  it  with  Mats  ia 
the  Heat  of  the  Day,  until  the  Plants 
have  got  Strength,  obfcrving,  as  be- 
fore, to  keep  them  dear  from  Weeds: 
in  this  Bed  they  may  remain  until 
Michaelmas  following ;  at  whkk 
time  you  fhould  prepare  one  or  more 
Beds  (according  to  the  Number  of 
your  Plants)  of  the  like  frefli  £arth» 
into  which  you  muft  plant  yoer 
Plants  at  above  five  or  fix  Indies 
Diftance  each  Way,  being  careful, 
in  taking  them  out  of  the  Seed-bed, 
not  to  break  or  wound  their  Roots ; 
as  alfo  to  dofe  the  Earth  fafl  to  their 
Roots,  when  planted,  with  yoor 
Hands, to  prevent  their  being  turned 
out  of  the  Ground  by  Frofl.  In 
thefe  Beds  they  may  remain  one 
Year,  by  which  time  (if  they  have 
thriven  well)  they  will  be  firong 
enough  to  produce  Flowers  the  fuc- 
ceeding  Year ;  fo  that  now  it  will 
be  time  to  tranfplant  them  into  the 
Borders  of  tlie  Flower  garden, where 
they  are  defigned  to  remain. 

Thefe  Plants,  continuing  a  long 
time  in  Beauty,  are  very  great  Or- 
naments to  a  Garden  ;  and  their  be- 
ing very  hardy,  requiring  but  a  little 
Culture,  renders  them  worthy  of  a 
Place  in  every  good  Garden.  They 
flower  in  June. 

FRAXINUS,  The  Afh  tree. 
The  CharaQtrt  arej 

//  hath  pcnnaied  Lta^ms,  nvhici 
moftly  end  in  an  odd  Ijihe  :  the  Aiale 
Fl'^juers  ('u^hich  gro'w  at  a  remote 
Dijlancc  fi  om  tht  Fruif)  have  mo  Pe* 


•i!t 


i-.-» 


F  R 

taisy  hnt  e^nfift  of  many  Stamina': 
the  O^vary  becomes  a  Seed-n/fffcly  con" 
taining  one  Seed  at  the  Bottom,  *whicb 
is  Jhafed  like  a  Bird's  Tcngtte. 
The  Sfecies  are ; 

1.  Frazinus  'vulgaris.  Park, 
7beat.     The  common  Aih  tree. 

2.  FiiAXiNUS  *im/garit^  foliis  ex 
IsUeo  ^ariegatis.     The  (h-ipcd  Afh. 

3.  Fraxinus /olio  rotundiore,  C . 
^     The  Manna  Afh. 

4.  Fr  AX  I M  v  s  florifera  botryoides, 
M,  H,  R,  Blaf.  The  flowering  Afh. 

5.  Fraxinus  ex  Nova  Anglia^ 
pimsls  foliorum  in  mucronem  frodndio- 
ribns.  Rand.  Nciv-EngJaTtd  A(h,wiih 
iharp-poioted  Leaves. 

6.  Fraxinus  Caroliniana,  iatiori 
fruBu,  Rand.  Carolina  Aih,  with 
broad  Keys. 

The  £rit  Sort  is  a  common  Tim- 
ber-tree growing  in  tstiy  Part  of 
England, 

The  fccond  is  a  Variety  of  the 
firft,  from  which  ic  only  differs  in 
having  its  Leaves  beautifully  ilriped 
with  Yellow. 

The  third  Sort  is  fuppofcd  to  be 
the  Tree  from  whence  the  true  Ca- 
lahrian  Manna  is  taken. 

The  fourth  Sort  was  raifed  from 
Seeds  by  Dr.  Unfedale  at  Enfiild^ 
which  were  brought  from  L*a/y  by 
the  late  curious  Botanift  Dr  William 
Sberrard,  who  fuppofed  this  was 
different  from  Dr.  Mori/on  s  Tree. 
But  by  the  Specimens  now  in  Pof- 
feiTion  of  that  worthy  Encouragcr  of 
Botanical  Studies,  Sir  Hans  Sloanr^ 
Bart,  ic  appears  to  be  the  very  (luce ; 
notwithfbinding  Mr.  Ray  fuppofes 
Dr.  Mori/on\Trct  to  be  oiAmtrican 
Growth. 

The  6fth  and  fixth  Sorts  were 
both  rais'd  from  Seeds,  which  came 
from  America ;  but  are  both  of  them 
very  hardy.  All  thcfe  Kinds  may 
be/ propagated  by  budding  them  into 
the  common  Afh,  upon  which  they 


F  R 

will  all  take  very  well,  and  becx>iiic 
hardier  than  upon  their  own  Stock : 
but  thefe  budded  Trees  never  grow 
fo  large  as  thofe  which  are  raifed 
from  Seeds,  nor  will  the  Stock  and 
Bud  keep  Pace  in  their  Growth  ;  ^ 
that  there  will  be  a  remarkable  Dif- 
ference in  the  Size  of  the  Stem,  and 
above  the  Place  where  they  are  bud- 
ded ;  but  as  few  of  thefe  foreigti 
Kinds  have  yet  arrived  at  an  Age  to 
produce  Seeds  in  England,  the  Nur- 
fery-gardeners  have  been  obliged  to 
propagate  thefe  Sorts  by  Budding 
and  Grafting. 

The  common  Afh  is  propagated 
by  fowing  the  Keys,  in  O^ob^r  or 
November,  on  a  Bed  of  frefh  Earthy 
which  fhould  be  well  dug,  and 
deans'd  from  Roots,  and  noxioM 
Weeds :  a  fmall  Bed  w  ill  be  fufficicnt 
to  raife  a  great  Quantity  of  thefe 
Trees.  The  Seeds  fhould  be  fbwa 
pretty  thick,  and  coverM  aboat  half 
an  Inch  thick  with  Earth. 

Thefe  Seeds,  many  times,  conti- 
nue until  the  fecond  Spring  before 
they  come  up ;  you  fhoaid  therefore 
let  the  Bed  remain  undiflurb'd,  and 
keep  it  clean  from  Weeds.  When 
your  Plants  come  up,  you  mnft  alfo 
keep  them  very  clear  from  Weeds ; 
and  if  the  Seafon  fhould  prove  veiy 
dry,  if  you  give  them  now-aad* 
then  a  little  Water,  it  will  greatly 
promote  their  Growth  :  in  this  Bed 
they  fhould  remain  no  longer  thaa 
the  Autumn  following,  provided 
they  have  grown  well ;  at  whicl» 
time  you  fhould  prepare  a  Nurfery, 
which  fhould  be  well  dug,  and  clearM^ 
a&  before  ;  then  wiih  your  $pad« 
loofen  the  Roots  of  the  Plants  befoi^ 
you  draw  them  op,  otherwife  yod 
will  endanger  the  breaking  of  them. 
When  you  have  drawn  thtm  out  of 
the  Grround,  fhortcn  the  downright 
Tap-root;  but  do  not  cut  oir  any 
of  the  laieral  Fibres :  then  having 

prcp.iicd 


F  R  F  R 

Ptg|MUfJ  ]rour  Ground,  pLut  them  for  Timber ;  which,  in  a  few  Yctft, 
sn  Rows,  three  Feet  Diibnoe  Row  •  will  be  worth  forty  or  £iky  ShilliDgs 

from  Row,  and  a  Foot  afiinder  in  f£r  Tree. 

the  Rows,  dofing  the  Earth  to  their  This  Timber  is  of  eKceHent  Ufe 

Roots  with  your  Feet.    la  this  Nar-  to  the  Wheelwright  and  Cartwright 

(erj  they  may  remain  two  or  three  for  Ploughs,     Axle>trees,    Wheel* 

Years,  obfenring  to  keep  dicm  dew  rings,  Hotows,  Buils»  Oars,  Bbdea 

from  Weeds,  as  aUb  to  trim  np  the  for  Pullies,  and  cuuiy  other  Por- 

Side-branches  every  Winter,  and  dig  poles. 

the  Ground  between  the  Rows ;  a^  -The  beft  Seafen  for  Felling  of 

ler  whidi  time  you  may  remove  thefe  Trees  is  from   Novemter  to 

them  where  they  are  to  remain  for  Fthruary  s  for  if  it  be  done  either 

good.  too  early  in  Autumn,  or  too  late  in 

This  Tree  will  grow  upon  almoft  the  Spring,  the  Timber  will  be  fob- 
any  Soil  5  but  the  better  the  Soil  is,  jed  to  be  infeikd  with  Worms,  aad 
the  more  the  Tree  will  increafe  in  other  Infeds:  but  for  Lopping  of 
Bulk.     Notwithftandiag  whidi,   it  Pollards,  the  Spiug  is  prefonbie  for 
ihould  not  by  any  means  be  }danted  all  Mt  Woods. 
too  near  the  other  Trees  or  Plants  i  FRITILLARIA,    FritiUary    or 
for  it  will  exhauft  all  the  Goodaefs  Chequer*d  Tulip. 
of  the  Soil  from  them  ;    and  the  The  Cbars^irs  are ; 
Shade  of  this  Tree  is  malignant  to  The  Flmuitr  cmfifit  of  fix  Lto'oa, 
moft  other  Plants.     The  Diftanoe  tmi  is  of  the  htll-Jhaped  Lily-ftTwen^ 
they  ftiould  be  planted  is  eight  Feet  fmduhus^  maked^  amd^  for  the  moft 
fquare  ;  and  after  they  have  been  f^rt^    chequered :    tbi  Stj^  of  tie 
planted  one  Year,  you  may  cut  down  Flower  becomes  mm  obiomg  Fruity  <wbi$b 
every  other  Tree,  choofing  fudi  of  w  divided  into  tbree  Celit^  and  feltd 
them  as  are  ctookcd,  within  iix  or  ^tb  fiat  Suds^  lying  im  a  double  Row: 
eight  Inches  of  the  Ground  ;   this  tbo  Root  confifts  of  ttuo  fiejby  Kmobs^ 
will  caufe  them  to  make  many  ftrong,  ^wbicb  are^  for  tin  mofi  part,  fern" 
vigorous  Shoots  I   which,  in  feven  globular^   bttwixt  'which  arijks  the 
or  eight  Years  time,  will  be  fit  for  FUwer^fiaik, 
Arbour-poles,  or  to  make  Hoops  :  The  Species  are ; 
and  the  ochcr  ftrait  Trees  may  be  x.  F%iriiA.Afii a  feroiiMtL,  JSoribmt 
foffered  to  grow  for  other  Timber :  ox  flamo  njinntibus.  C.  B,  The  late- 
the  Number  of  which  Trees  may  be  flowering  Fritiliary,  with  greenilh- 
leffened  as  they  increafe  in  Bulk,  ydlow  Flowers,  commonly  called 
leaving  flill  the  mofl  promifing  ones  the  Leather-coat,  or  common  Fii' 
to  grow  for  larger  Timber.  tillary. 

If  a  Wood  of  thefe  Trees  is  a.  FaiTiLLAaxA  alba  prercox,  C. 
rightly  managed,  it  will  turn  greatly  B.  The  early  white  Fritiliary. 
to  the  Advantage  of  its  Owner ;  for  3.  FaiTiLLAax  a  alba  variegata, 
by  the  Under-wood,  which  will  be  CA  The  white  chequerMFritillanr. 
fit  to  cut  every  feven  or  eight  Years,  4.  FaiTi  llaki  a /erotiua,  JUrihut 
for  the  Ufes  above-mentioned,  there  ex  Jlavo  wrentibtts,  major.  Boerh. 
will  be  a  conftant  Income  more  than  lad.  The  great  late%flowering  Fri- 
fufficient  to  pay  the  Rent  of  the  tillary,  with  a  greenifii-yellow  Flow- 
Ground,  and  all  other  Charges ;  and  er  s  or  the  common  Fritiliary,  by 
flill  there  will  be  a  Stock  preforv^d  fome  called  Snakp^  head  Iris. 

6.  Fw* 


F  R 

The  ytUow  Fridllary. 

6.  FliiTiLLAiHA^Arf»jr/»r/tfrfg 
nfdriegata.  C.  B.  Early  jmrj^e  va- 
ritgated  Frkillaiy. 

7.  IB  Kir  \iA.  hfLi  h  faHo  fpiiffdmie, 
JIdre  mafore  ex  n/irfdi  &r  pmtpure  nNi^ 
riegatOyfiiendtnte.  Boerh.  M,  Shine- 
ing-leav'd  Fridllary,  with  a  krge 
green  and  purple  (luning  variegated 
Flower,  oommonly  called  Che  Mon- 

.  ftcr. 

8.  Fritillarja  Mmheliifora.  C 
B.     Many-flofver'd  Fridllary. 

9.  Fa'i  TILL  ARIA  luttu  maxima 
Itasca.  Park.  Far,  Grcateft  yclloW 
Itaiian  Frkillajy.        / 

10.  FaiTiLLAitiXyffvffMy  fiori' 
hus  ex  fiav9  njirentihus^  Jl^re  fleno. 
H.R.F^r.  Late  Fridllary, with  doa- 
ble greenzfh-yellow  Flowers. 

11.  Fritillahia  nigra,  tab, 
Ai*u,    Black  Fridllary. 

12.  Fritillaria  ,^S^f  #;rr«r^tf- 
furfurto  6f  <uiridi  *variegato.  Bderh. 
Ind.  Fridllary  with  a  redilh-porple 
Flower  llriped  widi  Greea. 

13.  FaiTiLLARiA^^r  ex  fatiiJe' 
wiridi  bf  tfiete  furpureo  'variegate, 
Boerh,  Ind,     Fridlhuy  with  a  palc- 

freen  Flower,  variegated  with  a  deep 
urple. 

14.  Frit  ILL  ARIA  Ifahtlla  diSa^ 
fiorihus  ex  fallide  mhicundo  nnrenti^ 
bus,  H.  L.  Jfabella  Fridllary,  with 
e  pale-red  green  iih  Flower. 

i^.  Fritillaria  maxima^  fiare 
eihjoktit  furfurie,  Toitm,  The  great- 
ett  Fritiflary,  of  a  worn  out  purple 
Colour,  oommonly  called  the  Perfian 
lily. 

16.  Fritillaria  minima,  Sivert, 
FUr.  The  lead  Fritillary,  or  fmall 
Perfian  Lily. 

There  are  feveral  other  Varieties 
of  this  Flower,  which  are  propaga- 
ted in  ourious  Flower-gardens  abroad 
(cfpccially  in  HollattdJ^  which  dilTer 
in  the  Colour  or  Size  of  their  F1«W' 


F  R 

en;  but  as  dR(e  are  only  Van0cin» 
which  were  obtained  fmm  Seeds,  it 
would  be  necdlefe  to  mention  then 
in  this  Place,  fince  tbeie  will  be  new 
Varieties  obtained  every  Year  whetfb 
Peopk  aie  cnrious  in  ibiraig  tiieir 

Dr.  thmmms  has  vedocBd  nil  tbcfe 
Sorts  to  two,  making  the  i>ifference 
only  in  the  Root ;  that  of  tifae  Ferfiam 
Lily  being  round,  and  thofe  of  the 
otber  Sorts  being  flat :  but  ttieve  ase 
modi  greater  Differeooes  in  tfae 
Leaves  and  Flowers  of  fome  of  thefe 
Species,  than  in  many  Plants  which 
he  has  allowed  to  be  diftin£t  Spa- 
des \  and  fihefe  Di&rences  iiold  from 
Seeds. 

Thefe  Plants  are  propagated  either 
by  Seeds,  or  Off-fets  from  the  old 
Roots :  by  the  firH  of  which  Methods 
new  Flowers  will  be  obtained,  at 
alfo  a  larger  Stock  of  Roots  in  three 
Years,  than  can  be  obtained  in 
twenty  or  thirty  Years  in  the  latter 
Method  :  I  fliall  therefore  firft  treat 
of  their  Propagation  by  Seedsf 

Having  provided  yourielf  with 
fome  good  Seeds,  fav'd  from  the 
faireft  Flowerst  yon  muft  procure 
fome  (hallow  Pans  or  JBoxes,  which 
muft  have  fome  Holes  in  their  Bot- 
toms to  let  out  the  Moifture  :  theie 
you  (hould  fill  with  freOi  light 
Earth,  laying  a  few  Potflievdc 
over  the  Holes,  to  prevent  the 
Earth  from  ftopping  them  :  then 
having  laid  the  iiarth  very  level  in 
the  fioxes,  Csfr.  you  muft  ibw  the. 
Seeds  thereon  pretty  thick,  covering 
it  with  fine  fifted  Earth  a  quarter  of 
an  Inch  thick.  The  time  for  fowing 
the  Seed  is  about  the  Begiiming  of 
Augufti  for  if  it  be  kept  muck 
longer  out  of  the  Groand,  it  will 
not  grow :  then  place  the  fioxes  or 
Pans  where  they  may  have  the  morn- 
ing Sun  until  Eleven  o*Clock,  ob- 
ferving,  if  the  Seaiba  proves  diy,  to 

water 


wster  them  gently,  as  Mo  to  pall 
up  all  Weeds  as  Coon  as  they  appear  i 
for  if  they  are  fulFered  to  remain 
until  they  have  taken  deep  Root  in- 
.  .to  the  Earthy  they  woold  draw  the 
Seeds  out  of  the  Ground  whenever 
they  are  pulPd  up.     Toward  the 
•Latter-end  of  Septimber  you  Ihould 
remove  the  Boxes,  l^c.  into  a  warm- 
-cr  Situation,  placing  them  under  an 
Hedge  or  Wall  expofed  to  the  South ; 
in  which  Place  they  may  remain 
until  the  Middle  of  A/Arri^;  by  which 
time 'the  Plants  will  be  come  up  an 
.Inch  high  :  you  muft  therefore  re- 
move the  Boxes,  as  the  Weather  in- 
creafes  hot,  into  a  more  fhady  Si- 
tuation ;   for  while  the  Plants  are 
'jroung,  they  are  liable  to  fuffer  by 
being  too  much  exposed  to  the  Sun  : 
and  in  this  fhady  Situation  they. may 
remain  during  the  Heat  of  the  Sum- 
mer, obferving  to  keep  them  clear 
from Wecds,and  to  rcfrclh  them  now- 
and-then  with  a  litrle  Moitiure  ;  but 
t>e  careful  not  to  give  them  much 
Water  after  their  Leaves  are  de- 
cayed, which  would  rot  the  Roots. 
Abouc  the  Beginning  of  ^nguft,  if 
-the  Roots  are  very   thick  in  the 
Boxes,  you  ihould  prepare  a  Bed  of 

food  freih  light  Earth,  which  muft 
e  levelled  very  even,  upon  which 
you  ihould  fpread  the  Earth  in  the 
JBoxes  in  which  the  fmall  Roots  aie 
contained,  equally  covering  it  about 
one  fourth  of  an  Inch  thick  with 
the  fame  frefh  Earth:  th\«  Bed  (hould 
ht  fi tuated  in  a  warm  Poiition,  but 
not  too  clofe  to  Hedges,  Walls,  or 
PalesjWhich  would  cauie  theirLeaves 
to  be  long  and  ilendcr,  and  make  the 
Roots. weaker  than  if  phic'd  in  a 
more  open  Expofure. 

In  this  Bed  they  may  remain  until 
they  flower,  which  is  generally  the 
third  Year  from  (owing  •  at  which 
time  you  ihould  put  down  a  Mark 
t^  ike  Roots  of  all  fuch  as  produce 


F  R 

fair  Flowers ;  that  at  the  time  of 
taking  them  out  of  the  Ground 
(which  ought  to  be  foon  after  their 
green  Leaves  are  decayM)  they  may 
be  feleded  into  a  Bed  amongft  your 
old  Roots  of  this  Flower,  which  for 
their  Beauty  are  preferved  in  the 
beil  Gardens  ;  but  the  other  lefs  va- 
luable Flowers  may  be  planted  in 
the  Borders  of  the  Parterre-garden 
for  their  Variety,  where,  being  in- 
termixed with  other  Flowers  of  dif- 
ferent Seafons,  they  will  make  a  goo(f 
Appearance. 

The  fine  Sorts  of  this  Flower 
ihould  remain  undiflurbed  three 
Years,  by  which  time  they  will  have 
produced  many  Off-fets,  and  ihould 
be  therefore  taken  up  when  their 
Leaves  are  decayed,  and  planted  into 
a  freih  Bed,  taking  fuch  of  their  OS- 
fets  as  are  large  enough  to  produce 
Flowers  /  to  plant  in  the  Flower- 
garden  :  but  the  fmaller  Roots  may 
be  planted  into  a  Nurfery-bed,  until 
they  have  obtained  Strength  enough 
to  flower  i  but  vou  muil  never  fufier 
thefe  Roots  to  lie  out  of  the  Ground 
when  you  remove  them,  but  plane 
them  again  in  a  ihort  time,  other- 
wife  they  will  periih. 

During  thefe  three  Years  which  I 
have  advis'd  the  Roots  to  remain  in 
the  Beds,  the  Surface  of  the  Earth 
fliould  be  flirr'd  every  Autumn  with 
a  Tro\^el,  obferving  not  to  go  fo 
deep  as  to  bruite  the  Root,  and  at 
the  fame  time  lay  a  thin  Co\Tr  of 
vtry  rotten  Dung  or  1  anners  Bark 
upon  the  Surface  of  the  Beds; 
which,  being  wafh*d  into  the  Ground, 
will  cauiie  ihe  Flqwers  to  be  larger, 
as  alfo  the  Roots  to  make  a  greater 
Increafe  :  you  muft  alfo  obferve  to 
keep  them  con  flan  t!y  clear  from 
Weeds  ;  and  thofe  Roots  which  you 
would  prefer ve  with  Care,  ibculd 
not  be  (ufFercd  to  feed. 

FRITILr 


T  U  F  U 

FRITILL  Aria  CRASS  A.  W^/  frefh  Air  admitted  to  them  ev^ry 

ACcJepias.  Day  in  proportion  to  the  Warmth 

.  FRUTEX  FAVONIUS.    T/A  of  the  Scafon,  and  fhould  be  frc- 

Poinciaoa.    ,  quently   watered;    and    when  the 

FUCHSIA.    Thb  Plant  was  fo  Planes  are  ^rown  To  uU  as  to  reach 

named  by  Father  P/umier,  who  dif-  the  GlafTes,  they  fhould  be  reroov^ed 

covered  it  in  Jmertca^  in  Honour  to  into  the  Bark-flove,  and  plunged  in- 

the  Memory  of  Leonard Fmchfius^  a  to  the  Tan* bed.     In   Winter  ti^e 

learned  Botanift.  thefe  Plants  require  to  be  kept  \^ 

The  Chan^Sers  are  ;      .  warm ;  and  at  chat  Seafon  they  msjik 

It  baib  a*  fiamil-Jhafed  Tlivotr^  not  have  fo  much  Water  as  in  $um- 

'tonfifiing  of  one  Leaf^  and  dimded  tn-  mer ;  bat  it  mud  be  often  repeated. 

to  federal  Partt  at  the  Brim\  'wbo/e  Thefe  Plants  are  too  tender  to 

Cup  aftemvard  becomes  a  rmndijhfoft  thrive  in  the  open  Air  in  this  Coun* 

Jlefi)y  Fnuty    njubicb  is  diiJided  into  try,  even  in  the  hottell  Part  of  the 

four  Cells  y  nnbich  are  full  of  roundi/h  Year;    therefore  they   fliould  con- 

Seeds,  ftantly  remain  in  the  Stove,  obferv- 

We  have  but  one  ^wrt  of  this  ing  to  let  in  a  large  Share  of  frefh 

Plant  %  *in%.  Air  in  Summer ;  but  in  Winter  they 

Fuchsia  trlpbylla^  flore  coccineo.  muil  be  kept  warm  :  with  this  Ma- 

Plum.     No*v.    Gen.     Three*  leav'd  nagemcnc  the  Plants  will  produce 

Fuch£a,  with  a  fcarlet  flower.  their  Flowers,  and  make  a  beautiful 

This  Plant  is  a  Native  in  the  Appearance  in  .the  Stove,  amongft 

warmeft  Parts  ofjmerica :  it  was  dif-  other  tender  ^xotic  Pl9nt5. 

covered  by  Father /*/»»/>,  in  fome  FUMARiA,  Fumatory. 

of  the  Frencb  Iflands  in  Jmerica  ;  The  Chara^ers  are ; 

and  was  fince  found  by  the  late  Dr.  It  bath  divided  Leaves  refemhling, 

William  Houftouny  at  Carthagena  in  tbofe  of  tbe  umbelliferous  Plants:  the 

Nevo'Spaim   from  whence  he  fent  Flowers^  m;hiih  are  eolleSed  into  a 

the  Seeds  into  England.  ^pike^  are  of  em  anomaloui  Figure^ 

This   is    propagated    by  Seeds,  fome^vbat  refemhling  a  papilionaceous 

livhich  mufl  be  fown  in  Pots  fille^d  Flower,  conftjling  of  tiuo  Petals  or 

with  rich  light  £arthy  and  plunged  Leaves,    nubicb  open  like  two  Lips, 

into  an  Hot*bed  of  Tanners  Bark,  tbe  upper  Lip  ending  in  a  Spur:  tbe 

In  about  a  Month  after  the  Seeds  are  Footflulk  it  joined,  in  the  middle  Part 

fown,  the  Plants  will  begin   to  ap-  of  tbe  Flower :  tbe  Fruit  is  either 

.  pear ;  when  they  fhould  be  carefully  of  a  long  or  a  round  Figure,  'which  is 

cleared  from  Weeds,  and  frequently  like  a  Pod,  in  which  an  contained 

refrefhed  with   Water   to  promc^e  .many  ¥oundifh  Seeds, 

their  Growth ;  gqd  ^hcn  they  are  The  Species  are ; 

about  two  Inches  high    they  fhould  i.  Fumaria  oj^cinarum  (ff  Diof* 

be  fhaken  out  of  the  Pots,  and  fe  coridis,  fore  purpnreo,  C.  B.    The 

parated  carefully ;  then  plant  each  common  Fumatofy,  urith  a  purple 

into  a  fmall  Pot  filled  with  light  rich  Flower. 

Earth,  and  pbinge  thtfm  ag^ia  into  2.  F  u  m  a  1 1  a  minor  jtenuifotia* 

an  Hot-bed  of  Tanners  Bark ;  being  C.  B.    Lefier  narrow-leav*d  Fuma- 

carefttl  to  fcreen  them  from  the  Sun,  tory. 

nmil  they  have  taken  new  Root;  3.  YMVLKKihfempervirensl^  fio* 

after  whic)i  time  they  muft  have  reus,  fwe  albo.  Flor,  Bat,    £ver- 

VoL.  I.  Li                         greea