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i THE 
GARDEN MAGAZINE | 


Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home 
and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers 
| 
Volume X l 
August, 1909, to January, 1910 | 
| 
co" se \ 
vi 2) 1988 i 

got 4 oe 

a Bigin 
NEW YORK | 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 

1909 | 
iW 
i 


INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Volume X—August, 1909, to January, 1910 


A. B., article by, 220. 
Abelia, 173.* 
Abies, 12,* 13,* 14.* 
Abronia, 76.* 
Acanthoriza, 220.* 
Adams, H. S., article by, 122. 
Adonis, 219.* 
A. E. W., article by, 104. 
Alder blight, 69.* 
All-year garden, plants for, 124. 
Allium, 42, 117. 
Alyssum, 30.* 
Amateur’s Struggle with a Bare Lot, An, 
274.* , 
American Substitute for the Primrose, 73. 
Anchusa, 60.* 
Dropmore variety, 66.* 
Andrews, D. M., photograph by, 76. 
Anemone, 117.* 
Angell, Herbert E., article by, 170. 
photographs by, 15, 170, 171, 172, 220. 
I. M., articles by, 30, 74, 186, 219, 232. 
photographs by, 219, 232. 
Annuals versus Perennials, 204. 
Another Good Porch Vine, 248. 
Use for Flower Pots, 232. 
Answers to Queries, 92, 154, 250, 300. 
Anthracnose on Rose Bushes, 244. 
Aphis, disfigurement by, 69.* 
on Asters, 36.* 
Apples for Amateurs, 282. 
grafting, 254. 
making new varieties of, 284. 
Apricots, 250. 
Arbor, vine for, 221.* 
“Arcade” Trellis, An, 232.* 
Arrangement of hardy plants, 118. 
Ash, mountain, 267.* 
white, 226.* 
Ashes as fertilizer, 250. 
Asparagus bed, wintering, 250. 
Aster, aphis on, 36. 
Asters, 38.* 
Early Blooming, go. 
August, Big Facts for, 9. 
Sowing, A Trio of Flowers for, 22.* 
Azalea, how to keep, 302. 


Back Yard, The, 36, 54, 194, 232. 
Bamboo, 179.* 
Banana plant, how to grow, 156. 
Barberry, 268.* 
Bardwell, Robert D., article by, 134. 
Barrels, Gardening in, 219.* 
Barron, Leonard, articles by, 124 270. 
photographs by, 12, 56, 57, 58, 116, 
175, 267, 271. 
Basket, fruit or flower, 230.* 
Be Prepared for Ice Storms, 224.* 
Beals, Ella M., photograph by, 281. 
Beans, lima, 232.* 
Beattie, W. R., photograph by, 281. 
Bee Balm, Where to Plant, 156. 
Beers, Louis G., article and photographs 
by, 188. 
Bellflower, 66.* 
Berckmans, P. J., article by, 173. 
Best Vines for the Coldest Sections, The, 
272.* 
B. F., article by, 36. 
Begonias, propagating, 240. 
Berries for winter, 250. 
Berry-hook, 277.* 
Big Facts for August, 9. 
Bill-hook, 276.* 
Birch, European, 224.* 
white, 224,* 268.* 
Bisset, Peter, photograph by, 173. 


Copyrighted, 1909, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 
T he asterisk (*) signifies that the subject 1s illustrated 


Bisulphide of carbon, 38, 94. 
Bittersweet, false, 267.* 
Japanese, 128.* 
Blackberry, 9. 
wine, 92. 
Blackberries Grown on a Trellis, 236. 
Bleeding heart, 123.* 
Blight, larkspur, 134. 
Blue Flower for Early Fall, A, 146.* 
Bluebell for the South, 148. 
Book Reviews, 86, 150, 210, 294. 
Bordeaux Mixture for the Small Garden, 
232. : 
Border, hardy, 121.* 
Bougainvillea, 10,* 11.* 
Box, 82,* 84,* 86.* 
for candy, 231.* 
for flowers, 231.* 
propagating, 82. 
Brasher, C. C., article and drawing by, 88. 
Brinkerhoff, W. E., article by, 219. 
photograph by, 220. 
Brotherton, Wilfred A., article by, 78. 
Brown, A. C., articles by, 52, 232, 234. 
Bulb Department, 42, 88, 142, 190. 
Garden, Two-story Effects in the, 120.* 
Good Results from an Old, r1go. 
mite, 96. 
Bulbs, cutting, 154. 
forcing, 132.* 
growing, in house, 192.* 
hardy, 112. 
in the grass, 121. 
West, 144. 
indoor planting, 130.* 
lesser, 116. 
outdoor planting, 130.* 
planting, 112.* 
recommended varieties of, 132. 
taking up for winter, 184. 
Bureau of Forestry, photograph by,'174. 
Burning refuse, 196.* 
Butterbur, 180.* 
Butterfly Weed, Transplanting the, 188. 


C., article by, 134. 

Cacti, scale on, 300. 

Cactus Sixty Feet High, 220.* 

Calceolaria, 23.* 

Caltha, 78, 80.* 

Camellia, 173.* 

Cameron, Alix S., article and drawing by 
231. 
ee article by, 118. 

photographs, by 118, 119. 

Can Melons and Cucumbers Be Grown 
Together, 52. 

Candidum lily, 229.* 

Candy Box, 231.* 

Canning tomatoes, 74. 

Carnations, Pruning, 252. 

Carnegia, 220.* 

Carpenter, Laura B., article by, 236. 

Caryopteris, 146.* 

Catalpa, 254. 

Catalpas, The Difference in, 244. 

Cathcart, F. B., article by, 86. 

Cattleya, A November-blooming, 202.* 
Bowringeana, 202.* 

Cauliflower root maggot, 94. 

Cedar, moving, 302. ; 

Cedars, A Famous Avenue of, 269.* 

Celery, 168,* 169.* 
Worms in, 300. 

Cereus, 220.* 

C. E. S., article by, 236. 

Chart and cabinet for garden, 188.* 


Children’s experiences in gardening, 279, 
280. 
Gardens Everywhere, 25, 70, 130, 182, 
230, 278. 
China berry, 175.* 
Chionodoxa, 116.* 
Christmas, A New, 216.* 
Gift, A New and Better Kind of, 215.* 
Giving, 230.* 
tree, 215.* 
Trees, luminating, 232. 
Chronicles from an Amateur’s Garden, 
9. 
Buenas 159,* 176.* 
Cineraria, 22.* 
Clarke, John S., article and photograph by, 
136. 
Clematis, 267,* 273.* 
Japanese, 272.* 
large-flowered, 40.* 
Climbers, hardy, 126.* 
Climbing roses, 229,* 273.* 
Clothes for the garden, 54.* 
posts, concrete, 172.* 
Club root, 94. 
Cocos, 184.* 


- Coldframe, 60.* 


making, 70.* 
Coleus, propagating, 240. 
Color All the Year, 86. 
Coltsfoot, 180.* 
Composting leaves, 250. 
Concrete for the Garden, 170.* 
Conifers, 173. 
Cord of wood, 26.* 
Corny 52-0 

crop, a profitable, 44. 

early, 220.* 
Correction, A, 76, 292. 
Cottage gardens, English, 227,* 228,* 229.* 
Coutant, Nellie, article and photographs by, 

36, 38. 
Covering for Winter, 200. 
Cowslips, 123.* 
Crambe, 67.* 
Cranberry, highbush, 267.* 
Crocus, 117. 
Crown imperial, 122.* 
Cucumber Patch, My, 234. 
Cucumbers, 219.* 

grown with melons, 52. 
Cultivation, methods of, 24.* 
Cut Flowers, Making Money from, 15.* 
Cutting-bench, 238.* 
Cuttings, geranium, 28. 

how to grow, 28. 

starting, 281.* 
Cutworm, protection from, 232. 
Cyclamen, 22.* 
Cypress, Monterey, 174.* 


Daffodils, 15.* 
growing commercially, 252. 
Dahlia Flowers for Cutting, 134. 
Dahlias, early-planted, 298.* 
Reinforced, 76.* 
where they are hardy, 188. 
Deciduous shrubs, 175. 
trees, 174. 
Degen, J. A., article by, 248. 
Delicious Monster, A, 220.* 
Dewberry, Lucretia, 44. 
Difference in Catalpas, The, 244. 
Division of perennials, 111. 
Do All the Gardening You Can in the Fall, 
Ill. 
Doctoring House Plants, 290. 


Dogwood, 268.* 
Doogue, Luke J., photograph by, 134. 
Dracena, 184.* 
Drainage, tile, improvement by, 76. 
Drought, What to Do in a, 24.* 
Ducks and insects, 236. 
Duffy, A., article by, 134. 
Duffy, Sherman R.., articles by, 50, 59, 120, 
222. 
photographs by, 60. 
Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 32, 34, 
IOI, 175, 267. 
Dunne, E. J., photograph by, 67. 
Dwarf fruit trees, 61,* 62,* 63,* 
Dwarf Trees, Points About, 236. 
Early and Late Plantings cf Potatoes, 234. 
Blooming Asters, go. 
Fall Notes, 74. 
Easter lilies, 88, 112,* 156. 
Edging Plants, English Effects With, 18.* 
E. E. S., article by, 242. 
Eggplant, 168.* 
Eggs during winter, 246. 
E. G. L., article by, 232. 
Eldredge, A. G., photographs by, 63, 72, 
114, 220. 
Ellis, Lucy M.., articles by, 74, 134. 
Elm, 226.* 
spraying, 55- 
English Cottage Gardens, Lessons From, 
227.% 
Effects With Edging Plants, 18.* 
Hardy Climbers, 126.* 
Perennials, 64.* 
Evergreens, 268.* 
broad-leaved, 173. 
moving, 302. 
narrow-leaved, 173. 
planting, 9. 


Fall Planting Peaches in the South, 136. 
Tables for South and North, 173.* 
Work for the South, 74. 
Famous Avenue of Cedars, A, 269.* 
Farm law, 300. 
Feathered Hyacinth, The, 138,* 140.* 
Fels, R. E., article by, 220.* 
Felt, E. P., article and photographs by, 
68, 69. 
Fertilizer, ashes as, 250. 
in the South, 234. 
Seaweed as a, 104. 
Fertilizing With Ashes, 250. 
F. F. R., article by, 290. 
Fifth Annual “Round-up” of Gardening 
Experiences, 219.* 
Fine Lilies I Saw in England, 142. 
Firs and spruces, difference between, 14. 
The “Human Interest” in, 12.* 
Flat, 131,* 132,* 281.* 
Fletcher, S. W., article by, 61. 
photographs by, 61, 62, 63, 270. 
Flower basket, 230.* 
Box, 231.* 
Pots, Another Use for, 232. 
Stand for the Living Room, A, 88-* 


- Flowers for winter, 55. 


making money from, 56.* 
Foliage yellowing, 252. 
Forcing Bulbs for Winter Flowers, 132.* 
Fothergilla, 138.* 
Four o’clock, wild, 76.* 
Foxglove, 58.* 
Fragrant Night Bloomer, A, 76.* 
Shrubs and Vines, 188. 
Frey, Alois, photograph by, 22. 
Fritillaria, 117.* 
From a Tulip Enthusiast, 134.* 


Frost, Annie A., article by, 56. 
Fruit basket, 230.* 
garden and orchard, 282. 
The, 72, 136, 236. 
trees, dwarf, 61,* 62,* 63.* 
How to Prune, 72.* 
in Odd Corners, 72. 
planting, 72. 
Fruits, recommended varieties, 72, 282. 
Fullerton, H. B., photograph by, 286. 
Fungicides, 232. 


Galium, 152. 

Galls, 68,* 69. 

Garden, an all-year, 124. 
bulb, 120. 

Chart and Cabinet, A, 188.* 
Contest, Winners in the , 294. 
Implements, 28. 

in winter, 217.* 

Notes and News, 44. 
Publications, 86, 150, 210, 294. 
succession in, 86, 194. 
That Paid, A, 234. 
tools, 296.* 

vegetable, 104. 

Gardenia, 173.* 

Gardening Experiences, 
“ Round-up” of, 219.* 
fashions, 167. 
in Barrels, 219.* 

Gardens, cottage, 227,* 228 ,* 229.* 
of Old Mexico, The, 10.* 

Garlic, golden, 117. 

Garraway, George G., photograph by, 215. 

Geranium cuttings, 28. 

Geraniums, rooting from cuttings, 240. 

Ginko, 175.* 

Gladiolus, Increasing, 30. 

Glory-of-the-Snow, 116.* 

Gloves, A Substitute for, 34. 

Good, F. Mason, photographs by, 127, 227. 
Results from an Old Bulb, rgo. 

Goodrich, Benjamin, article by, 116. 

Gophers and Irrigation, 134. 

Grafting apples, 254. 

Grape hyacinth, 140.* 

Scuppernong, 136. 

Grapes, A Hobby in, 236. 
hybridizing, 236. 
in summer, 92. 

Grapevine, Transplanting a, 252. 

Graves, N. R., photographs by, 13, 14, 17, 
22, 23, 30, 40, 78, 117, 120, 122, 123, 140, 
144, 146, 148, 173, 174,-175, 182, 183, 
186, 202, 219, 221, 267, 268. 

Greenhouse, concrete, 171,* 

Flowers, 55. 
work, 265. 
Growing bulbs in the house, 192.* 
West, 144. 
Cuttings from Old Geraniums, 28. 
Roman Hyacinths in Water, 134. 

G. S. J., article by, 54. 

Guinea hen flower, 117.* 

Gumming of Fruit Trees, The, 284. 

Gunnera, 181.* 

G. W. C., article by, 244. 

Gypsophila, 152. 


Fifth Annual 


Hardiness, factors in, 222. 
Hardy Border, The, 74, 121. 
planting in fall, 118.* 
Bulbs for Everybody’s Garden, 112.* 
Climbers, English Effects with, 126.* 
Perennials, English effects with, 64.* 
Plants, arrangement of, 118. 
for South Dakota, 96, 134. 
Hedge, 11,* 228.* 
shears, 278.* 
Hedges, planting, 82. 
Under Trees, 154. 
Heuchera, 65.* 
Hewitt, Arthur, photograph by, 196. 
Hints for January, 265. 
November, 196. 
Hobby in Grapes, A, 236. 
Hodgdon, A. L., article by, 136. 
Hoe, 296.* 
Holly, moving, 302. 


INDEX TO 


Hollyhock disease, 94. 

Home-made Contrivances, 88, 242, 296. 

Hook, 296.* 

Hotbed making, 70. 

House Bulbs from Thanksgiving to March 
for One Dollar, 192.* 

Plants, 290. 
repotting, 134.* 

How the English Cultivate Mulleins, 32.* 
Tile Drainage Improves the Garden, 76. 
to grow cuttings, 28. 

sunflowers, 302. 
keep an azalea, 302. 

house plants healthy, 290. 
make labels, 26.* 

a Good Beginning, 282.* 

potting soil, 190. 

seed envelopes, 25.* 
Plant the Hardy Border in Fall, 118.* 
Prune Fruit Trees, 72.* : 
Select Window Gardening Tools, 198. 
Use Up Tomatoes, 74. 

Hudson, Leslie, article by, 24. 

“Human Interest” in Firs, The, 12.* 

Hyacinth, grape, 140.* 

Spanish, 148.* 
The Feathered, 138.* 
wood, 117.* 

Hyacinths, Dutch, r15.* 
recommended varieties of, 132. 

Roman, 134. 

Hybridizing grapes, 236. 


Ice Storms, Be Prepared for, 224.* 
damage by, 224,* 225,* 226.* 
picturesqueness of, 223. 

Illuminating Christmas Trees, 232. 

Improving Tomatoes, 234. 

In the Strawberry Patch, 236. 

Increasing Gladiolus, 30. 

Indoors, Starting Plants, 281.* 

Ingersoll, J., photograph by, 173. 

Ingraham, A. M., article by, 234. 

Insect attacks, the why of, 68,* 69.* 

Insects and ducks, 236. 

on house plants, 292. 

Tris, 17,* 120.* 

cheap, 117. 
German, 60,* 122.* 
hexagona, 10.* 

Irrigation and Gophers, 134. 

Isham, Randolph, article by, 219. 

Ivy, 18,* 129,* 

Boston, 126,* 274.* 
German, 220.* 


January, Hints for, 265. 

Japanese flowering crab, 20.* 

Jarvis, C. D., article and photographs by, 
224, 225, 226. 

Jenkins, W. H., article and photograph by, 
282. 

Jerusalem oak, experience with, 177. 

Johnson, Roosevelt, article by, 232. 

Jones, Helen Lukens, photograph by, 159. 

Jordan, O. L., article by, 236. 


Kayan, J. Lukens, articles by, 28, 186, 276. 
photographs by, 28, 276, 277, 278. 
Kolligs, Gerhard, article by, 72. 


Labels, making, 26.* 

Larch, 224.* 

Large-flowered Chrysanthemums Out-of- 
doors, 176.* 

Larkspur Blight and Other Things, 134. 

Law, farm, 300. 

Lawn, preserving, 92. 
tools, 28.* 

L. B., article by, 96. 

L. B. M., articles by, 188, 190. 

L. B. P., article by, 234. 

Leaf-burn, 96. 

Leaves, composting, 250. 

Lemon, Japanese, 175.* 

Lessons From English Cottage Gardens, 
227.* 

Lettuce, 169.* 
Failure to Head, 156. 
heading, 156. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZIN E 


Lilies, 142, 144.* 
for September Planting, 88. 
Lily, candidum, 229.* 
Easter, 88, 112,* 156. 
Madonna, 9, 74,* 88, 144.* 
Nankeen, 88. 
Lima beans, 232.* 
Lime sulphur spray, 270. 
Linden, American, 175.* 
Little Bulbs for Little Purses, 116.* 
Loomis, A. F., photograph by, 280. 
Lopping shears, 277.* 
Low-headed trees, advantage of, 282. 
Madonna lily, 9, 74,* 88, 144.* 
Maggot, cauliflower root, 94. 
Magnolia, 173,* 175.* 
Mahonia, 267.* 
Make Your Roadside a Poem in Vines, 152. 
Interesting All Winter, 204. 
Making a strawberry bed, 236. 
Money from Cut Flowers, 15.* 
New Varieties, 78. 
of apples, 284. 
Potting Soil, 190. 
the Garden Live Longer, 168.* 
Manure, poultry, 156, 302. 
Maple, ash-leaved, 175. * 
red, 225.* 
sugar, 226.* 
March Sowing in the Fall, 186. 
Marr, T. E., photograph by, 217. 
Marsh marigold, 78,* 80.* 
Marshall, M. D., articles by, 32, 244. 
Mason, Ralph, article by, 220. 
Maxwell, Henry, article by, 144. 
Mayer, Robert, articles by, 188, 274. 
photographs and plan by, 275. 
M. D., article by, 34. 
Meadow mixture, permanent, 94. 
Meanest Cuss in the Vegetable Kingdom, 
The, 220.* 
Meller, C. L., articles by, 76, 144, 188, 238. 
photographs by, 76, 238. 
Melons grown with cucumbers, §2. 
Mending trees, 302. 
Mexican gardens, 10,* 11.* 
M. F., article by, 134. 
M. F. B., article by, 190. 
Milla, 117. 
Miller, Anita M., article and photographs 
by, 10. 
C. H., photographs by, 24. 
Wilhelm, articles by, 18, 64, 179, 227, 
269. 
Monstera, 221.* 
Month’s Reminder, The, 9, 55, 111, 167, 
215, 265. 
More About Winter Spraying, 288. 
Most Corn in the Least Space, The, 220.* 
Mountain fleece, 248. 
Moving cedars, 302. 
holly, 302. 
Mulch in orchard, 284. 
Mulching, 265. 
Mulleins, 32,* 34.* 
Muscari, 140.* 
M. W.., article and photograph by, 192. 
McAdam, Thomas, articles by, 12, 42, 88, 
136, 152, 204. 
McC., W. C., article by, 132. 


\McCollom, W. C., articles by, 112, 168, 286. 


photographs by, 112, 113, 115, 168, 
169, 170. 
McColm, Viola, articles and photographs 
by, 176, 221. 
McFarland, J. H., photographs by, 16, 138, 
175, 215, 221, 267, 270, 271. 
McIntosh, David, article by, 72. 
McLean, George G., photograph by, 175. 


Nankeen lilies, 88. 
Narcissus, 192.* 
New and Better Kind of Christmas Gift, 
A, 215.* 
Christmas, A, 216.* 
Way of Protecting Pansies, A, 221.* 
Nichols, Sarah, A., article by, 230. 
Night Bloomer, A Fragrant, 76.* 
Nineteen Dozen Ears of Corn from Ten 
Cents’ Worth of Seed, 44, 


Nitrate of Soda, 156. 
Novel Way to Grow Corn, A, 52. 
Novelties and Rarities, 138. 
Noyember-blooming Cattleya, A, 202.* 
Hints for, 196. 
planting, 167. 


Oak, 225.* 
Odorless Ornamental Onions, 42. 
Oils, miscible, for winter sprays, 271. 
Oleander, 173.* 
One Hundred Plants for an All-Year Gar- 
den, 124. 
Onions, 136. 
ornamental, 42. 
Only, D. C., article by, 104. 
Optimism in the Gardens of Hope, 177.7 
Orchard and Fruit Garden, 282. 
mulch, value of, 284 
planting, 282. 
renewing, 284. 
Origin of the Large-flowered Clematis, 40.* 
Ostrowskia, 66.* 


Palm, 220.* 


’ Palmer, W., article by, 281. 


Pansies, 221.* 
protecting, 221.* 
sowing, 26. 
tufted, 21.* 
Peaches, planting in fall, 136. 
Peacock, Charles W., article by, 220 
Peanuts, 74.* 
Pearl bush, 175.* 
Peas and Tomatoes, 232. 
profitable, 234. 
Pekin Duck in the Garden, The, 236. 
Pembroke, Herbert, article by, 52. 
Pendleton, W. E., articles by, 40, 138. 
Peonies, 16,* 122.* 
improving, 92. 
Peppers, 168.* 
Perennials, division of, 111. 
early-flowering, 119. 
hardy, 64.* 
late-flowering, 119. 
versus Annuals, 204. 
Pergola, 10,* 114.* 
Personal Experiences, 30, 50, 134, 188, 232. 
Petasites, 180.* 
Phlox, 30.* 
Picking flowers, 26. 
Pickling tomatoes, 74. 
Pine, Himalayan, 174.* 
pitch, 224.* 
white, 224.* 
Pinks, 18.* 
Plans, detail, for shrubbery, etc., 267, 268. 
Plant Easter, Madonna, and Nankeen 
Lilies in September, 88. 
lice, 68. 
stand, 88.* 
Stool or Tabouret, A, 242.* 
This Lily Before October, 144.* 
Planting an orchard, 282. 
bulbs, 112,* 130.* 
depth for bulbs, 144. 
evergreens, 9. 
for Winter Effects, 266.* 
fruit trees, 72. 
Hedges in the Gardens of Hope, 82.* 
in November, 167. 
plans, 267, 268. 
table, 124, 173. 
the hardy border in fall, 118.* 
the vegetable gardén, 286. 
tulips, 113.* 
vegetables, 9. 
Plants outdoors in winter, 222. 
Plot, city, making a garden on, 274. 
P.N., article by, 232. 
Points About Dwarf Trees, 236. 
Polygonum, 248. 
Poplar, Carolina, 225.* 
Poppy, 5°- 
Porch plants, keeping, 154. 
Potatoes, Early and Late Plantings of, 
234. 
spraying, 232. 
Potting soil, how to make, 190.. 


Poultry, 246. 
manure, 156, 302. 
sunflowers for, 302. 
Powell, G. T., article by, 63. 
Practical Hints for Beginners, 76, 190, 238. 
Prickly pear, 11.* 
Primrose, American Substitute for the, 78.* 
Primula, 123.* 
Prizes for school gardens, 294. 
Productive Vegetable Garden, A, 104. 
Propagating begonias, 240. 
box, 82, 238.* 
coleus, 240. 
geraniums, 240. 
in the South, 248. 
Protecting for winter, 55, 119, 168,* 169,* 
170,* 222. 
in the South, 200. 
pansies, 221. 
Protection from cutworm, 232. 
Pruning Carnations, 252. 
fruit trees, 72.* 
saw, 277. 
shears, 276.* 
summer, 62.* 
tools, 276,*277,*278.* _ 
Purdy, Carl, article by, 15. 
Putting the Garden to Sleep, 222. 


Raising Onions in the Strawberry Bed, 136* 
Rake, 28.* 
Raspberry, 9. 
Really Efficient Pruning Tools, 276.* 
Refuse, burning, 196.* 
Reinforced Dahlias, 76.* 
Renewing an orchard, 284. 
Re-potting Old House Plants, 134.* 
Rich, Amos C., article by, 134. 
Right and Wrong Kind of Tropical Effects, 
The, 179.* 
Roadside Gardening, 32, 152, 204. 
Roberts, F. R., article by, 246. 
Robinson, L. E., article by, 232. 
Rock Garden, The, 76..- 
Rodgersia, 65.* 
Roller, 28.* 
Roman hyacinths in water, 134. 
Root crops, 168.* 
Rooting cuttings, 240. 
Rose anthracnose, 244. 
bug, poison for, 92. 
rugosa, 267.* 
Wichuraiana, 267.* 
Roses, 127,* 128.* 
climbing, 229,* 273.* 
Surprising Growth of, 221. 
Ryan, Eugene, article by, 221. 


Sage, Hollister, article and photograph by, 
296. 
saicntee Jeannie S., article by, 44. 
Saxifraga, 181.* 
Scale on cacti, 300. 
School Gardening, 294. 
gardens, see Children’s Gardens Every- 
where. 
prizes for, 294. 
grounds, improvement of, 71.* 
Schultz, H. L., photographs by, 230, 231, 
242. 
Scilla, 117.* 


INDEX TO THE “GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Scribner, F. Lamson, photograph by, 293. 
Scuppernong Grape Vine, The, 136. 
Seat, concrete, 172.* 
Seaweed as a Fertilizer, 104. 
Seed envelopes, how to make, 25.* 
Seeds, sowing, 30. 
vegetable, how to order, 286. 
Selling Flowers in a Summer Colony, 
56.* 
Shasta daisy, 58.* 
Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles by, 25, 70, 130, 
182, 230, 278. 
photographs, by 25, 26, 71, 130, 13, 
182, 231. 
Shrubs and Vines, Fragrant, 188. 
deciduous, 175. 
Shrubbery, detail plans for, 267, 268. 
Sieve, making a, 131.* 
Sinclair, J. G., article by, 202. 
Slashing-knife, 276.* 
Small Garden, Bordeaux Mixture for the, 
232. 
Greenhouse, The, 132. 
Smith, Margaret A., article and photo- 
graph by, 219. 
Snails, killing, 300. 
Snow on trees, 265. 
Snowberry, 267.* 
Soil, exhausted, 154. 
Solomon’s seal, 67.* 
Solution of the Perennial Poppy Problem, 
A, 50. 
Some Tools Which Have Proved Satis- 
factory, 28.* 
South, Bluebell for the, 148. 
Dakota, Hardy Plants for, 96, 134. 
Fall Planting Peaches in the, 136.* 
Work for the, 74. 
fertilizer for, 234. 
Southern Department, 30, 148, 200, 248, 
298. 
Cones in Early Fall, The, 150. 
Sowing pansies, 26. 
seed in fall, 186. 
Seeds for Lifted Plants, 30.* 
Spanish hyacinth, 148.* 
Spencer, James H., article and photo- 
graphs by, 272, 273, 274. 
Spirea, 64.* 
Splendid New Bluebell for the South, A, 
148.* 
Spraying, 55- 
dwarf trees, 63.* 
elm, 55. 
in winter, 270,* 288. 
mixtures, 270, 271. 
potatoes, 232. 
Spruces and firs, difference between, 14. 
Starr, Ida M. H., articles by, 82, 177, 
216. 
photographs by, 82, 84, 86, 177, 178, 
216, 218. 
Starting Plants Indoors, 281.* 
Status of the Dwarf Fruit Tree From Two 
Standpoints, The, 61.* 
Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 30, 74, 136, 
150, 200, 234, 248, 298. 
photographs by, 74, 136, 234, 298. 
Stool for plants, 242.* 
Storing for winter, 168.* 
Vegetables for Winter Use, 186.* 


Strawberry, 136, 236. 
growing, 254. 
Patch, In the, 236. 
Substitute for Garden Gloves, A, 34. 
Successful Experiment With Early-planted 
Dahlias, A, 298.* 
Succession crop on clay, 254. 
in the garden, 86, 194. 
Summer House in a Tree, A, 30. 
pruning, 62.* 
Sunflowers for poultry, 302. 
Surprising Growth of Roses, 221. 
Sweet peas, 56,* 58.% 
Sweeney, Helen M.., article by, 28. 
Sweet William, 58.* 
Swiss Chard Four Feet Long, 219.* 
Syringa, 175.% 


Tabor, I. G., article and plans by, 266, 267, 
268. 
Tabouret or Plant Stool, A, 242.* 
Taking October by the Forelock, 122.* 
Tamarisk, 175.* 
Tea olive, 173.* 
Tecoma, 221.* 
Tile drainage, 76. 
Time to transplant, 252. 
Time-Saving Tools for Use in the Garden, 
296.* 
Tomato, 280.* 
Tomatoes and Peas, 232. 
canning, 74. 
Improving, 234. 
Irrigated, 74. 
pickling, 74. 
Tompkins, Jabez, article by, 146. 
Tools for garden work, 296.* 
lawns, 28.* 
window gardening, 198. 
pruning, 276,* 277,* 278.* 
Transplanting a2 Grapevine, 252. 
the Butterfly Weed, 188. 
time, 252. 
Tree pruner, 277.* 
Trees and ice storms, 224,* 225,* 226.* 
Shrubs, 244. 
deciduous, 174. 
low-headed, 282. 
mending, 302. 
Trellis, An “Arcade,” 232.* 
Blackberries Grown on a, 236. 
Trio of Flowers for August Sowing, A, 22.* 
Tropical Effects, The Right and Wrong 
Kind of, 179.* 
Troth, H., photographs by, 12, 13, 22, 47, 
173, 174, 175, 186, 206, 267, 268. 
Trumpet creeper, 221,* 273.* 
Try Propagating Now, 248. 
Tulip, 17,* 115,* 134.* 
planting, 113.* 
recommended varieties of, 132. 
small-flowering, 117. 
Two Plants Often Confused, 152. 
Weeks Ahead of All Hardy Perennials, 
219.* 
Two-Story Effects in the Bulb Garden, 
120.* 


Unbeatable Arbor Vine, An, 221.* 


Value of Fertilizers in the South, The, 234. 


Vegetable Garden, A Productive, 104. 
Vegetables, 74, 136, 186, 234,* 286. 
late sowing, 55. 
planting, 9, 286. 
protecting from frost, 168.* 
recommended varieties of, 286. 
time to gather, 186. 
Veronica, articles by, 194, 204. 
Viburnum, 175.* 
Vine, arbor, 221.* 
for porches, 248. : 
Vines and Shrubs, Fragrant, 188. 
Trailers, 40. 
Best, for the Coldest Sections, The, 272.* 
in window boxes, 220.* 
Viola, 21.* 
Virginia creeper, 128.* 
Englemann’s, 272.* 


Wallflowers All Winter, 232. 

Wallis, E. J., photographs by, 18, 19, 20, 
21, 64, 65, 66, 67, 126, 128, 129, 179, 
180, 181, 227, 228, 229, 269. 

Walnut, black, 175.* 

Walter, F. A., photograph, by 117. 

Ward, W. R.., article by, 70. 

Water lilies, 180.* 

West, Hardy Bulbs for the, 144. 

What a Commercial Orchardist Thinks 
of Dwarfs, 63.* 

Do These Balls Mean? 138.* 

is a “Cord” of Wood ? 36. 

to Do in a Drought, 24.* 
Wear in the Garden, 54.* 

Wheelbarrow, 28.* 

Where Dahlias are Hardy, 188. 
this Year’s Insects Came From, 68.* 

White fringe, 175.* 

H. F., article by, 236. 
N. B., articles by, 234, 236, 282. 
photographs by, 282, 284. 
Willow, 225.* 
Window Boxes, 182.* 
vines in, 220.* 
with Vines Sixteen Feet Long, 219.* 
Cutting-bench, A, 238.* 
Garden, The, 198. 
Gardening Tools, 198. 

Wine, blackberry, 92. 

Winners in the Garden Contest, 294. 

Winter covering in the South, 200. 
Effects, Planting for, 266.* 

Eggs Aplenty! 246. 

protection, 55, 119, 168,* 169,* 170,* 222. 
in the South, 200. 

scene, 217.* 

spraying, 270, 288. 
and What it Does, 270.* 

Storing Vegetables for, 186.* 

Wintering an asparagus bed, 250. 
plants, 222. 

Wire worms, 360. 

Wistaria, Chinese, 273.* 

W. M.., articles by, 76, 142, 148. 

Wood, What is a “Cord” of, 36. 

Woods, Mrs. Chas. C., article by, 76- 

Wright, M. O., photograph by, 121. 

Wynkoop, C. B., article by, 22. 


Yellowing of Foliage, The, 252. 
Yew, Corean, 174.* 


= 


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AUGUST | Money from Cut‘Plowers 

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EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS—havebecomeagardennecessity. Every 


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@ Every reader of THe GarpEN’ MAGAZINE who is interested 
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page catalogue and full imniouag yon in regard to our home 
study courses. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 


Dept. 8, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 


lawn, even of highly developed beauty can be made more beautiful by 
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POT GROWN STRAWBERRIES—ready for immediate planting; a 
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pose; can be planted at any time. Price list mailed on application. 


PAEONIAS — have gained and are holding popular favor. Blooming 
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RHODODENDRON CATAWBIENSE AND MAXIMUM—We have 
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BULBS—We import many tons of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus and 
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a 


AuvuacustT, 1909 


VOLUME IX. Price $1.35 
Express Prepaid $1.6¢ 


The volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
contain much of the best practical information 
extant on the various branches of gardening. 
They are completely indexed for immediate 


and handy reference, and are in themselves 
an inexhaustive garden library to be added to 
year by year at comparatively slight expense. 
If your file of the magazine is incomplete, this 1s 
your opportunity. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133-137 


Country Life 
in America 
is the only magazine 


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printing actual color 


photographs from 


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Price 35 cents £4.00 a year 


Write for Circular, Special Club Offer to Garden Magazine Readers 


Doubleday, Page & Company, New York City. 
Please send me special club offer, Country Life in America, mentioned in The Garden 
Magazine for August. 


Name 


Town State. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Ready—Bound Volume IX. 
The Garden Magazine 


(February to July, 1909, inclusive ) 
The most beautiful, interesting and practically helpful volume of the magazine yet published. 


"THE GARDEN 
MAG 
Be 


IN RETURNING COPIES MARK YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS PLAINLY.ON THE PACKAGE 


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write to the Readers’ Service 2) 


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Express Prepaid $2.32 per Vol. 


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the charge is 75 cents (or $1.07 including the express 
charges for return of the volume to you). Or, if we 
send the cover (for permanent binding) to you for 
your own binder to stitch on, the charge is 50 cents. 
(62 cents including postage.) 

BACK NUMBERS TO COMPLETE BROKEN FILES 
FOR BINDING, 10 CENTS EACH, excepting October 
and April numbers which are 25 cents each. Indexes 
for volumes one to eight sent free on request to those 
who bind their own volumes. 

A new lot of fine temporary binders,—can be used 
year after year,—at $1.00, postpaid. 


A 


East SIXTEENTH STREET, NEw York City 


Another $100 for Good Reviews 


Readers are familiar with the statement so frequently made that 


the day of the adequate critical and analytical review is past. For 
ourselves, we believe that the best analyses of books are now 
made by intelligent readers who do not write for publication. 


With the idea of testing the whole subject, we offer the follow- 
ing prizes for the best reviews of Mrs. Humphry Ward’s new 
novel ‘‘ Marriage 4 la Mode.” 


The prizes awarded for reviews of “The Climber”’ are an- 
nounced in this number. So great has been the interest shown in 
these reviews that we now make the same offer on Mrs. Ward’s 
new book, which is her first novel with an American setting, 
and which, treating as it does the great question of divorce, has 
caused much comment. These rules must be followed: 

1. Copy to be written only on one side of the sheet, 
typewritten preferable. 

2. The review to be not more than 1,000 words. 
would be better. 

3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than Sep- 
tember 15th. 

4. The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
November numbers of Doubleday, Page & Com- 
pany’s magazines, “Country Life in America,” 
“The World’s Work,” and “‘ The Garden Magazine,” 


the successful reviews to be printed at that time. 
The First Prize is $50. The Second Prize is $30. The Third Prize 
is $20. The Fourth Prize, books from our book catalogue to the amount 
of $7.50. The Fifth Prize, books to the amount of $5.00. The Sixth 
Prize, a subscription to ‘‘ Country Life in America.” The Seventh 
Prize, a subscription to ‘‘ The World’s Work.” 


WS 


Doubleday, Page & Company, New York 


AuGcusT, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


“THE: TALK: OF; aL 


REALLY GOOD BOOK REVIEWS 


A few months ago—in the May issue of 
this magazine, to be exact— we printed an 
announcement, offering some modest prizes for 
reviews of Mr. Benson’s book “‘The Climber.” 
The response has been remarkable, both in 
the number of reviews received, and in the 
exceptionally high standard of the articles them- 
selves. It has, naturally, been extremely 
difficult to decide which were the best. Some 
we thought, excelled in one respect, and some 
in others, and fifty might have been added to 
the prize winners if we had had so many prizes. 
Our selection has been as follows: 


ist prize. Miss Louise Shelton, Stratford, Conn. 

2nd prize. John J. a Becket, 44 East 21st Street, 
New York » 

3rd prize. Miss Rene Mansfield, 1773 Magnolia Ave., 
Chicago, Ill. 

4th prize. George T. Marsh, 31 Market Square, 
Providence, R. I. 

5th prize. Ruth Allen Benedict, rx Haviland Street, 
Boston, Mass. : 

6th prize. George Herbert Clarke, Peabody College, 
Nashville, Tenn. 

7th prize. Miss Anstiss Church, 1040 Judson Ave., 


Evanston, Ill. 


We hope that we may say, without giving 
offense to our newspaper friends, that the aver- 
age contribution was, to our thinking, better 
than the average review which is printed in the 
newspapers — more spontaneous and less con- 
ventional — and if any of our editor friends are 
looking for persons who can appreciate and 
analyze and write intelligently, we can supply 
a full score of names of people competent to do 
these things. What, perhaps, pleased us most 
was the fact that, whether the book was approved 
of or not, the quality of Mr. Benson’s work was 
fully comprehended and described, also that the 
book had been read by discriminating people, 
and to all the contributors we beg to present 
our best thanks and appreciations. We 
have published the prize winning reviews in a 
pamphlet, which we will be glad to send to any 
one interested. 


ANOTHER OFFER 


We are glad to make the same offer of prizes, 
for reviews of Mrs. Humphry Ward’s Mar- 
riage a la Mode, which are as follows: 


“To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight."— Antony and Cleopatra 


$100 FOR GOOD REVIEWS 


Readers are familiar with the statement so frequently 
made that the day of the adequate critical and ana- 
lytical review is past. For ourselves, we believe that 
the best analyses of books are now made by intelligent 
readers who do not write for publication. 

With the idea of testing the whole subject, we offer 
the following prizes for the best reviews of Mrs. Hum- 
phry Ward’s new novel,. “Marriage a4 la Mode,” 
which is now being so widely discussed. These rules 
must be followed: 


1. Copy to be written only on one side of sheet, 
typewritten preferable. 

2. The review to be not more than 1,000 words. 
750 would be better. 

3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than 
September 15th. 

4. The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
November numbers of Doubleday, Page & Com- 
pany’s magazines, Country Life im America, 
The World’s Work, and The Garden Magazine, 
the successful reviews to be printed at that time. 


The First Prize is $50. The Second Prize is $30. 
The Third Prize is $20. The Fourth Prize, books from 
our book catalogue to the amount of $7.50. The Fifth 
Prize, books to the amount of $5.00. The Sixth 
Prize, a subscription to Country Life in America. 
The Seventh Prize, a subscription to The World’s 
Work. 

Address Review Contest, 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 


133 E. 16th St., New York. 


Mrs. Ward’s position in England and Amer- 
ica makes this novel a particularly good one for 
the reviewer to try his hand upon. It has 
already received long notices in the newspapers, 
and is much discussed where people are taking 
a serious view of the workings of our American 
divorce laws. We await the analyses of our 
readers with interest. 


SOME REMARKS ABOUT ADVERTISING ~ 


Last month we printed on this page a para- 
graph about the relations between the reader 
and the advertising matter. Some comments 
and experiences aroused by these paragraphs 
have suggested another point of view — the 
position of the publisher toward the adver- 
tiser. Let us say in strict confidence (we know 
of no better way to make news travel fastest) 
that some people who advertise do not imvari- 
ably receive all the replies they think they 
should, or sell all the goods they plan to dis- 
pose of from their announcements. 


OFFICE: | 


Leaving aside the publisher who gives all 
the circulation in quality and amount he is 
able to give, and prints the advertisement, 
we hope and assume, as well as he can, we then 
come to the question: Does the advertiser 
take advantage of his opportunities, does he 
follow up his inquiries, and develop his market 
efficiently? We believe that in a large pro- 
portion of cases he does not. 


It would be easy to quote a score of examples, 
but here are two. There appeared in one 
of the magazines which we study somewhat 
each month, a very excellent advertisement of a 
good automobile. An acquaintance of ours 
became interested and wrote for a catalogue 
to the Western manufacturer, who sent the 
usual advertising pamphlet (a good piece of 
work, by the way), and wrote that his New 
York agent would communicate with him 
about particulars. He did not give the name 
and address of the New York representative. 
Nothing further ever happened, and the person 
who was in the market for an article costing 
between $4,000 and $5,000, felt neglected 
naturally. 


Another case: For many months a firm had 
been advertising a somewhat expensive house- 
hold appliance. A man who was at the time 
making some important alterations in his home, 
wrote for a description of this appliance. The 
catalogue failed to answer his question, and 
he was disgusted with the cheaply printed 
form letter, headed up by poor typewriting — 
a reply obviously unsuited to meet his inquiry. 
He then dropped the matter. The next month 
his attention was attracted by the advertise- 
ment again, and he sat down and explained his 
conditions, and asked for information. No 
reply whatever this time, except another copy 
of the uninstructive catalogue! 


There is a well-defined class of advertisers 
who are as keen to trace the source of their 
inquiries as they are lax in following up the 
advantages gained by upholding the interest 
procured, and we see this daily in our Readers’ 
Service Department, where we are obliged to 
give, in thousands of letters, information which 
should come from the manufacturers and 
dealers, in reply to inquiries for printed matter. 
But of this more later. 


The Readers’ Service gives 


AvcusT, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE advice about investments. 5 
N\A 
AUGUST, 1909 Setialeet ORE SE OS ee 
} | 
Cover DESIGN—In the Rose Garden» . . 1 we 
PAGE PAGE 
Bic Facts ror AUGUST 9 SOWING SEEDS FOR LIFTED PLANTS I. M. Angell 30 
: : Photographs by Nathan R. Graves 
Tue GARDENS OF OLD Mexico Anita M. Miller 10 facet ; Tee 
Photographs by the author AT THE HEIGHT OF THE SEASON Thomas J. Steed 30 
THe “Human INTEREST” IN Firs . Thomas McAdam 12 : 2 ms 
Photographs by L. Barron, H. Troth and others INCREASING GLADIOLUS 3° 
Maxinc Money From Cut FLOWERS ‘ Carl Purdy 15 How THE ENGLISH CULTIVATE MULLEIN M. D. Marshall 32 
Photographs by H. E. Angell, N. R. Graves and others Photographs by A. R. Dugmore 
EncLisa Errects witH Epcinc PLAntTs . Wilhelm Miller 18 Wuat Is a “Corp” or Woop? B.F. 36 | 
Photographs by E. J. Wallis 
A Trio or FLowers ror Aucust Sowmnc .C. B. Wynkoop 22 KILLING APHIS ON ASTERS . . Nellie Coutant 36 | 
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and others Photographs by the author 
Wuat To Do In A DrovucHt . Leslie Hudson 24 ORIGIN OF THE LARGE-FLOWERED CLEMATIS JW. E. Pendleton 40 } 


Photograph by Claude H. Miller 


Photograph by Nathan R. Graves 


CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE 


Ellen Eddy Shaw 25 


ODORLESS ORNAMENTAL ONION . : Thomas McAdam 42 


Photograph by the author 


Some Toots WuHicH HAve PRoveD SATISFACTORY . 


GARDEN NoTES AND NEws ; : : : : : 4, AA 
J. Lukens are 28 


NINETEEN DOZEN Ears OF CORN FROM TEN CENT’S WoRTH OF 
SEED. Jeannie S. Salisbury 44 


Photographs by the author 


GROWING CUTTINGS FROM OLD GERANIUMS Helen M. Sweeney 28 


- WILHELM MILLER, Epitor—Copyricut, 1909, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 
Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, 
WALTER H. Pace, Herpert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


For Foreign Postage 


March 3, 1879 add 65c. 
For Canada add 3s¢c. 


SUBSCRIPTION: 


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BODDINGTON’S QUALITY HOLLYHOCKS 


6-8 THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


The Charm of a Formal Garden 


is the charm of white stone among green lawns, trees and vines, 
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AUGUST, 1909 


The G 


Voi. X—No. 1 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


(For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


Big Facts for August 


ERE is one thing that can be done 

during August better than during 
any other month of the year,- and that is 
the making of a new strawberry bed. Use 
pot-grown or layered plants, and under 
high cultivation you may even gather a 
reasonably good crop of fruit next year. 

By all means try some of the newer ber- 
ries. Every now and then the gardener, 
who is always trying new strawberries 
finds one that is pre¢minently adapted to 
his own particular conditions or style of 
cultivation, and there is more variation in 
the strawberry, according to local conditions, 
than in any other fruit or vegetable. The 
up-to-date gardener always tries a few new 
strawberries every year; but do not be led 
into discarding an assured success until 
by actual experiment, in your own garden, 
you have proven another berry to be really 
desirable. 

Make the bed with three different kinds 

—early, midseason, and late. The best 
varieties are midseason kinds, but you can 
afford to sacrifice a little of quality for 
something that is exceptionally early. Also 
do not forget that some kinds need pollenizers 
blooming simultaneously. 


Plant Some Evergreens 


de next great opportunity of the month 
is In moving and planting evergreens. 
Toward the end of the month this class of 
plants begins to make a very rapid root 
growth and if transplanted just when this 
starts very large specimens can be moved 
with perfect success. 

One good reason in favor of August- 
planted evergreens is that there is not much 
to be done in any other kind of heavy work 
about the place. Deciduous trees must on 


arden Magazine 


AUGUST, 1909 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY 


\ 


no account be ‘moved at this time, as they 
do’not make that late root growth. 

The only points to be regarded in moving 
evergreens are to preserve a big ball of roots 
and wrap some covering around the ball 
so that the air cannot dry out the roots, 
for they are the most sensitive parts and 
once tried never recover. 

After planting, water well and put a 
mulch around, which is to stay all next 
summer. , 


Move Madonna Lilies 


As third great opportunity of the month 

lies in planting Madonna lily now. As 
soon as ever you can get the bulbs and the 
American-grown stock may be had at the 
beginning of the month, plant out and do 
not delay even half a day. The Madonna 
lily will begin to grow and throw up a small 
tuft of leaves this season, but it is quite 
hardy and will flower vigorously next May. 


The Routine of the Vegetable 


Garden 


IME a last sowing of beets —in the 
open ground where the crop is to stand. 
Better sow in rows, and be light handed 
with the seed. ‘There is not much demand 
for “‘greens”’ during the late summer. 

Both pole and lima beans may be sown 
for the last crop, and plenty of them will 
yield right up to the time of frost. Even if 
the limas are in full bearing when the frost 
comes, the tops may be cut and put under 
cover or under slight protection outside, 
and may be helped to carry the crop until 
the beans can be gathered and taken inside 
to be dried and put up for winter use. Read 
the article in the July number of THE 
GARDEN MAGAZINE on page 348. 

Putin the last sowing of sweet corn, 
using the first early varieties. 

Early cabbages will be ready for harvest, 
but the main crop must be given good 
cultivation in order to keep the heads in 
good condition for winter storage. 

Watch out for insect pests and other 
diseases. 

Set out late celery as early as possible. 
Plants that have been out some little time 
must be “handled” for blanching as soon 
as they have attained sufficient size. Wrap 
the stems with paper, lay boards on the row, 
earth up or slip drain tiles over the plants 


—— whichever method is the most conveni-— 


ent is the best. But do it when the plants 
are about half grown. 

Harvest onions. Do not let the bulbs 
stay in the ground after they are fully 
developed. After harvesting, let them lie 
on the ground until cured, gather them up 


and spread them thinly on the floor of 
the cellar or in the shed for a few days, 
when they may be stacked or strung for 
storage. 

Keep tomato plants well in hand, pruning 
superfluous shoots, watering whenever nec- 
essary, and picking off all diseased fruit 
immediately it is detected. Ripening may 
be hastened by picking the fruits and 
placing them in a hotbed. 

Sow lettuce for succession. 

Sow collards and spinach for autumn use. 

Sow for September use any of the large 
first early, wrinkled peas. 

Make the first sowing of turnips and 
rutabaga. 

Sow salsify for spring use and Welsh 
onion for seasoning in the spring. 

All kinds of fall salads may now be sown 
according to fancy, including cucumbers 
for pickles and globe artichokes for trans- 
planting in the spring. Sow carefully in 
shade the same as you would seeds of her- 
baceous perennial flowering plants. 


Flower Seeds for Present Sowing 


ee KINDS of perennials are best sown 
now, just as soon as the seed can be 
gathered. Sow in flats in coldframes where 
they can be given protection both from 
present sun and winter storms. 
Sow pansy either in the open border or 
in frames for early spring flowers. 


Blackberries and Raspberries 


ct away old canes and thin out new 

growths to three or four. Pinch 
back to three feet, and head in the laterals 
when they get long. Grub up all suckers 
that appear outside the rows. 

You can layer gooseberries or take cut- 
tings, and of currants the same. Make them 
six to eight inches long, and plant at once 
right up to the terminal bud. 


Under Glass 


Sow cauliflower, forcing melons, forcing 

tomatoes for winter crops. Pot up 
early bulbs — that is to say, Roman hya- 
cinths, Paper White narcissus, Liliwm 
Harristi for Christmas flowers. 

Sow primroses, cinerarias, calceolaria, and 
cyclamen. Read the article on page 23. 

Lift carnations that have been outdoors 
all summer and plant them in the benches. 

Repot callas and all other plants that need 
more root room. 

Make a compost pile to give potting soil 
later on. 

Pot up tuberoses and freesias for 
flower. 


2 al 


Under a huge cypress tree a pergola is entwined with honeysuckle vines and 


Spanish moss 


This pergola, in the Garden of Chapultepec, emphasizes the idea of holding 
out a welcome to the visitor 


The Gardens of Old Mexico—By Anita M. Miller 


WHERE THE INTIMATE RELATION OF THE GARDEN AND THE OWNER GIVES IT A REALITY 
AND MAKES THE OUTDOORS SOMETHING TO BE ENJOYED 


| Pied most distinguishing characteristics 

of Mexican gardens arise from the 
fact that they are made to live in, not for, 
display, like many of those in the neighbor- 
ing country north of the Rio Grande. They 
express a phase of the home life of an artistic 
and pleasure loving people. The gray 
walls that shut in these symphonies of color 
and perfume also fortunately protect the gay, 
careless, though withal somewhat ceremoni- 
ous Mexican family life from the vulgar 
gaze of the loud-voiced tourist. 

The Mexican gardener appreciates first 
of all the value of shade in the brilliant 
atmosphere of his country’s high altitudes, 
and plants avenues of evergreens that afford 
long vistas of leafy green. He loves the sound 


The walk is bordered by Jvis hexagona. The wall 
covered with ivy geraniums, heliotrope and 
“urtiums 


of running water, and where it is available 
has his little stream along the banks of 
which calla lilies flourish, or if the space is 
limited, just a fountain or a central pool 
where sunlight and shadows play. He uses 
color, too, with a free hand, notably in great 
masses of pink ivy geranium that cover the 
garden walls or climb the tall trunks of 
eucalyptus trees; bougainvilleas, flinging 
their vivid blooms up as high as the third 
story balconies; and nasturtium trailing over 
rockwork or climbing iron grating. Even in 
the dense shade of cypress trees the mal- 
vaviscus flames scarlet and the calla lily 
gleams white, or the ground is covered with 
blue forget-me-nots. 

But above all things the Mexican gardener 


Entrance to garden of very poor people. Just 
an opening between the wall and cactus hedge. 
FE verybody has his garden in Mexico 


10 


IN PRIVACY AND QUIET 


is painstaking and careful in detail — he 
does not leave rough edges. Notice, for 
instance how the little space between hedge 
and cobblestone walk is filled in with begonia 
and forget-me-not; how the walk in the 
pergola is separated from the honeysuckle 
vines by a little railing of rose twigs; and 
the crevices in the rock-work are filled in 
with sempervivums and ferns. 

The love of flowers and growing things is 
not limited to the well-to-do in Mexico. By 
the low back door of the humblest hut, where 
in my country we would find a pile of gar- 
bage and tin cans, the eye is charmed by a 
clump of four-o’clocks or hollyhocks or a 
red geranium with a bird-cage hanging 
above it. 


Bougainvillea vine in patio of old house at 
Tlalpam. The bright colors of the flowers and the 
luxuriant growth make it a very valuable vine 


AucustT, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 11 


Wall of an old garden at Tlalpam. White roses and bougainvillea clamber- Even a cobblestone walk is between hedges of Japan privet, bordered with 
ing over. Such profuse growth abounds everywhere begonias and forget-me-nots. An idea that could be reproduced 


Calla lilies, sempervivum, fern and nasturtiums; and a hedge of honeysuckle The boxes to hold the plants which ornament this stairway in a Mexican ; 
and a low one of privet about a lake garden are made of lava. They are clothed with sempervivum 


Pink ivy geraniums quickly cover a wall in this The prickly pear was set on the wall around a corn In the gardens of President Diaz. Vegetation is 
warm climate. The hedge is of Japan privet and field near San Juan Teotihuacan. It gives a very so luxuriant that the work of the gardener is 


if 
1 
| 
' 
the border of blue forget-me-not tropical note largely in controlling it 


The “Human Interest” in Firs—By Thomas McAdam, ", 


New 


AN ATTEMPT TO.GET AWAY FROM THE DRY-ROT OF BOTANY AND DISCOVER THE MOST BEAUTIFUL PERSONALI- 
TIES AMONG EVERGREENS, THEIR COMPARATIVE MERITS AND LIMITATIONS, AND THE SECRET OF THEIR CHARM 


[Epitor’s Nore.—This is the 23rd of the “Little Monographs” of garden genera, but we henceforth shall rarely use such titles as “All the ——Worth Growing,” for two 
reasons: The “best” for one climate is not the best for another. And the practical effect of this series seems to be to, stimulate the collecting spirit.. For example, within a week after 


this article is published amateurs will write us asking where they can buy “every kind of fir there is.” 
and the best part of the game is in making one’s own judgments instead of deferring to some stuffy old authority. 


But it is a heap of fun to fool him.] 


HE human interest in firs is easily 
felt, and every species has its own 
charm which can be definitely expressed in 
words. But there is no one characteristic 
beauty that is common to all firs. Of 
course, all firs are attractive both summer 
and winter, but so are other evergreen trees. 
All firs make pyramids of remarkable sym- 


— “ - ee = ne 


The feathery texture of A. concolor is due to the 
long, soft leaf (2 inches long). Contrast with an 
ordinary fir (46 inch long) 


metry, but that is not unusual among 
conifers. Firs, as a class, are often accused 
of stiffness, yet the Colorado white fir is one 
of the softest and most feathery of all ever- 
greens. The truth is that the undeniable 
stiffness of many firs is an important ele- 
ment in their character, for conifers would 
be monotonous if they were all of graceful 
habit and plumy texture. We need strong, 
virile types also, and firs excel in a certain 
military precision. Like many other coni- 
fers they have leaves with silvery linings 
which certainly add to the cheerfulness of 
these trees. In repose they show little or 
nothing of this beauty, but when a strong 
breeze brings myriads of these surfaces to 
view, firs awake to a great and stirring 
beauty, which is all the more surprising 
because one expects nothing of the sort 
from stiff trees with short needles. 

A collection of firs may be a source of 
daily pleasure for about thirty years, or 
during the ‘‘juvenile stage” in the life of 
these trees. First comes the symmetrical 
or beautiful period of a conifer’s life. Then 
comes the ‘transitional period”? when the 
lower branches are lost, and the tree has 
an unkempt, half-grown look. Finally 
comes the picturesque stage, when there is 
an irregular tuft of foliage at the top and 
the tree looks like a battle-scarred veteran. 
It is only on large estates that a collection 


of conifers should reach the final stage. On a 
small place, say thirty acres or less, it 
would be seriously out of proportion to 
have many hundred-foot trees. Conse- 
quently, most people are interested in pro- 
longing the beautiful stage of conifers as 
long as possible. This can be done by 
sheltering the collection behind a windbreak, 
giving every species plenty of room, and 
trimming the new growth every summer. 


THE SHOWIEST, MOST GRACEFUL FIR 


There can be no question as to what is 
the best fir for cultivation in the North and 
East. It is the Colorado white fir (Abies 
concolor). ‘This is the showiest of all the 
firs, because it is the nearest to blue. I am 
afraid that the Dutchmen will some time 
give us a variety of it that will be as blue 
as the Colorado blue spruce. At present, 
however, there is less danger of overdoing 
the concolor fir, because its color is not so 
startlingly different from that of vegetation 
in general. A quieter, but deeper pleasure 


* comes from noting the gradations in color 


from greenish gray and silvery tones to the 
bluish. -In. my opinion, the concolor -fir 
is the cheeriest of all evergreens in winter. 
In grace of foliage it certainly ranks ahead 
of the Colorado spruce, for that is stiff to the 
point of harshness, while the concolor fir is 
soft and feathery. This is largely due to the 
flexibility of the leaf, but also to its extreme 
length —two inches or more, which is 
nearly twice the length of its nearest com- 
petitor, and thrice the length of the majority. 

Three other good points has the concolor 
fir. It retains its lower branches a long 
time. It has no insect enemies or diseases. 
And, in the language of Professor Sargent, 
““Of all fir trees it best withstands heat and 
drought.” 

The only drawback to the concolor fir 
is that you have to go to the nursery to 
select a fine specimen. For many of the 
trees have crooked trunks, because they 
have been grafted from side shoots instead 
of from leaders. Then, too, the price 
varies according to the blueness. More- 
over, the cheapest plants are likely to be 
the Pacific Coast variety, which is not hardy 
in the East. Easterners should be particular 
to get the Coloradan form. People are 
sometimes tempted by the catalogue name, 
A. concolor, var. violacea, supposing it to 
be a form with a violet foliage, but it is 
the cones which have the purple color. 


THE MOST SPECTACULAR FIR 


The silver bark fir (A. Arizonica) is 
unique in having a corky bark of spectacular 
12 


Plants don’t cost much compared with the “fun” a person gets out of them, 
The chances are that you can’t grow what he says you can’t. 


whiteness, rivalling that of the white birch. 
The foliage also, is more: or less silvery. 
Although a native of Arizona, this species 
may be hardy because it was found at an 
altitude of 8,000 feet or more. But it 
is too soon to say anything definite about 
its hardiness or garden value. 


THREE ‘‘BALSAMS”’ OR FRAGRANT FIRS 


All firs have leaves that are fragrant 
when crushed, but the three following are 
particularly celebrated for their high degree 
of fragrance. 

The balsam fir of the North (A. balsamea) 
is generally considered the most fragrant 
of all evergreens. The characteristic odor 
of far northern woods is chiefly, if not 
solely, due to this fir. The young growths 
are often used for making pillows. The 
best Christmas trees are also furnished by 
this species. But in cultivation it is a 
grievous disappointment. Its loses its sym- 
metry in three or four years,and as a lawn 
tree is a total failure. Would that some 
hybridizer could get the fragrance of it 
into all our other evergreens! 

The Southern balsam (Abies Fraserz) is 
claimed to be a better tree for cultivation 
in the North than the northern balsam, 
but I doubt if any advantage of prime 
importance can be named.- The specimen 


Ue 


aI 
‘ 


} 


A striking object—the cones of the Cephalonian fir— 
often six inches long - 


AvuacusT 1909 


before me is more lustrous than balsamea 
but that may be due to health. Also, my 


specimen is more fragrant, but that may be . 


due to a different stage of development. 
The bark of the Southern balsam is cinna- 
mon red, while that of the northern is brown. 
But even if these differences are specific 
advantages, the sad fact remains that the 
beauty of the Southern balsam is short-lived 
in cultivation. The books call this species 
Fraser’s fir, and in the Southern Appala- 
chians it is known as the “she balsam.” 
' The Western or woolly fruited balsam 
(A. lasiocarpa) ought to be more beautiful 
than the Eastern balsams because the 
leaves are twice as long and the tree is 
generally clothed to the very base. It is 
peculiarly spire-like, owing to the branches 
being short, tough, and crowded. Accord- 
ing to the books the leaves are glaucous 
(i. e., whitish or bluish), not merely on the 
under surface but on the upper also. One 
might naturally infer that this would make 
the tree decidedly brighter than the Eastern 
balsams and possibly as light toned as the 
famous concolor, but on examining a speci- 
men from the Dana colléction (which comes 
under the synonym A. subalpina), I find 
that it needs a magnifying glass to see the 
silvery portion on the upper side of the 
leaves. However, the foliage effect must 
be more luxuriant and brighter than that 
of the Eastern balsams, for the color is 
perceptibly lighter and the leaves are an 
inch long, while those of the Eastern balsams 
are only half an inch in length. The fact 
that this noble species is native to Colorado 
raises the hope that we may be able to grow 
it in the East. 


TWO YELLOW-GREEN FIRS 


The only yellow-green firs with which I 
am acquainted are the European and 
Siberian. The cheapest and least reliable of 
all firs is, naturally, the common fir of Europe 
(Abies Picea, but known to nurserymen as 
A. pectinata). It is of great value in Europe 
as a windbreak, because it will grow in the 
most exposed places, and, as we should 
expect, it has the greatest number of varie- 
ties — weeping, pyramidal, dwarf, etc. In 
every large group of trees we are likely to 
find one quick-growing European species 
that has many horticultural varieties, and 
these are the ones that our short-sighted 
nurserymen push. But the American people 
no longer buy the cheapest simply because 
it is the cheapest. We want the best. 
And the quick-growing trees are almost 
invariably short-lived. I know one honest 
nurseryman who offers to sell all the silver 
firs he has at less than the cost of growing 
them because they are not reliably hardy, 
and get browned in exposed places during 
severe winters. This is a pity because a 
well-grown European fir is rather more 
cheerful in expression than most firs. It 
is considered a dark tree in Europe, but 
the specimens I have seen were all a yellowish 
green. The peculiar texture of the Euro- 
pean silver fir is largely due to the fact that 
the leaves spread in a two-ranked fashion, 
somewhat like a spray of hemlock. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Another quick-growing yellow-green fir 
is the Siberian, which is known to the 
trade as A. Pichta but should be called 
A. Sibirica. Although this is hardy, 
the new growth is often browned by spring 
frosts, and the tree soon gets thin and loose. 
But Siberia is a big country, and in some 
parts of it the climate is closely comparable 
to that of the northern United States. So 
let us hope that Professor Hansen has 
found, or Mr. Fairchild will import, a form 
that will preserve its beauty here a reason- 
able length of time. We need a good 
yellow-green fir, for a little yellow, well 
blended, makes a conifer cheerful. 


THE BEST DARK GREEN FIRS 


There can be no question that the best 
dark-leaved fir for the North is the Crimean 
fir, better known as Nordmann’s (A. 
Nordmanniana). A dark conifer with a 
dull leaf is almost certain to be gloomy or 
depressing, but dark leaves that are highly 
polished are distinctly cheerful, and the 
Crimean is probably the most lustrous of 
all firs. Another reason for its charm is 
the unusual length of the leaves — quite 
an inch. Even in the juvenile stage, Nord- 
mann’s fir is a majestic and soul-satisfying 
tree. Its only defect is that the buds some- 
times “‘winter kill,” but after the tree be- 
comes thoroughly established such damage 
is quickly repaired. The Crimean fir 
starts into growth later than the other 
conifers from Asia Minor and, therefore, 
does not have its foliage browned so often 
by spring frosts. It is the cheerfullest 
and longest lived dark fir that we can grow 


Spring aspect of the Fuji fir. The contrast be- 
tween the new and old growth in conifers is as 
enjoyable whileit lasts as if trees hada period of 
showy bloom 


The showiest of all firs, Abies concolor, or Colorado 
white fir. The only hardy fir with leaves silvery 
on both sides 


in the northeastern part of the United 
States. 

If the Crimean is the stateliest of dark 
firs, then the most graceful is the Cilician 
(A. Cilicica). The foliage is only a trifle 
less dark and lustrous than that of the 
Crimean fir. In fact, the twigs I have 
before me are quite as glorious in color and 
polish. But the expression is wonderfully 
different, because the Cilician fir mimics 
our hemlock, the leaves making a flat spray 
that seems to lie in a single plane. A 
closer look, however, shows that the leaves 
are arranged in double rows on either side 
of the branch, their inner leaves being 
perceptibly shorter than the other. The 
only defect of the Cilician fir is that it starts 
to grow too early in the year and is therefore 
frequently browned by spring frosts. But 
we must have it at any price. The leaves 
are about three-quarters of an inch long, or a 
fourth shorter than those of the Crimean fir. 


THE SHARP-LEAVED FIRS 


So far, with the exception of the Western 
balsam, I have mentioned only blunt-leaved 
firs. In fact, the leaves are so blunt that 
they even have a notch at the tip. All the 
other firs here described have sharp-pointed 
leaves. This distinction may seem to be 
merely botanical, but when you come to 
multiply blunt points by the million on one 
tree and sharp points on another, I believe 
you will find that the texture is decidedly 
different. And texture, in my opinion, has 
more to do with the personality of the firs 
than anything else — even color of foliage 
and form of tree. 


14 


This is particularly true of the Cepha- 
lonian fir (A. Cephalonica), a fine species 
that is not reliably hardy above southern 
New York. The leaves are a fourth shorter 
than in Nordmann’s fir and the lustre one 
or two degrees inferior, but the hundreds 
of sharp needles on a foot-long twig combine 
to give it a marked individuality. A 
branch of the Cephalonian fir is harsh to 
the touch, while Nordmann’s is soft and 
pleasant tohandle. In England Mr. William 
Robinson says that the Cephalonian fir 
loses its leader at thirty feet, the side branches 
growing vigorously and making a picturesque 
tree. 

There is a variety of the Cephalonian fir 
known as the Parnassus fir, which the 
nurserymen call A. Apollinis. It differs 
in having narrower and blunter leaves, 
and according to Professor Sargent ‘‘is 
remarkable in its power to produce vigorous 
shoots from adventitious buds.’”? Whether 
this tends to spoil the symmetry of the 
tree I cannot say, but the most beautiful 
conifers are those that have a single 
straight trunk. At Biltmore, the Parnassus 
fir is said to be hardier than Cephalonica, 
of slender habit, with shorter branches and 
longer leaves. 


TWO PROMISING JAPANESE FIRS 


People who live in the Northeastern 
United States should always look to the 
Far East rather than to Europe for long- 
lived trees of beauty, and there are many 
who believe that the long-leaved Japan fir 
(A. homolepis) will prove to be the best 
dark fir for our climate — even better than 
Nordmann’s, because it is not browned 
by spring frosts. Curiously enough this 
goes In the trade by the name of A. brachy- 


Summer aspect of the Fuji fir (A. Veifchit). High- 
land Park, Rochester 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


phylla, which means ‘‘short-leaved.” The 
leaves before me are an inch long, the same 
as Nordmann’s. My specimen, however, 
may be a poor one, for it is decidedly 
duller — less glossy — and it lacks the 
luxuriance of Nordmann’s. This is because 
the wood of the branches, looking down 
upon them, is plainly visible in the case 
of homolepis, whereas in Nordmann’s the 
leaves are so abundant as to hide the wood 
altogether. 

I must confess that I cannot distinguish 
the other» Japanese fir (A. Veitchit) by 
texture alone. Bailey’s Cyclopedia gives 
no help, except as to the cones. Both 
haye dark green leaves with silvery lin- 
ings. The only clear difference, outside 
of the cones is that the bark of Veitchii 
is grayish white, while that of homolepis 
is grayish brown. Possibly there are several 
forms in the trade, for at Queen’s, Long 
Island, it is spoken of as the “best light 
green fir, but like all quick growers 
it gets thin quickly.” Veitch’s fir might 
be called the Fuji fir since it grows on 
that sacred mountain. 


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRS AND SPRUCES 


Every year thousands of people ask 
“What is the difference between a fir and 
a spruce?” The surest difference lies in 
the cones. Fir cones are erect, and the 
scales drop off every year when the seeds 
do. Spruce cones are reflexed, and the 
scales remain for many years. But this 
does not help us with young trees, for they 
do not have cones. Spruce leaves are 
generally arranged on all sides of a branch 
so as to give a cylindrical effect. Fir leaves 
generally have the appearance of being 
in two ranks, or, at least, they do not point 
down from the lower side of a branch. 
(Nurserymen please take notice. Many 
of you are as far behind the times on nomen- 
clature as Noah. You get the firs and 
spruces exactly reversed. Follow Bailey’s 
Cyclopedia.) 


A SPRUCE-LIKE FIR 


But whenever a person makes a definition 
he is likely to get into trouble. For instance, 
the Spanish fir (Abzes Pinsapo) has its leaves 
arranged exactly like a spruce. Then, 
again, it was only a moment ago that I 
said I would describe only sharp-pointed 
firs and the Spanish fir might seem to 
many people to have blunt leaves. They 
certainly are not nearly as prickly to the touch 
as others I have mentioned, but their effect 
on the eye is instantaneously different. 
The leaves are the shortest I know — about 
three-eighths of an inch, and so crowded 
that they outline the branches with extra- 
ordinary precision. It must be the stiffest 
of all firs, and, therefore, we need not greatly 
regret that it is not very hardy north of the 
Middle States. 


THE BEST COLLECTIONS OF FIRS 


The best place to study conifers in the 
United States is the Arnold Arboretum at 
Jamaica Plain, Mass. The oldest large 
collection of conifers is on the Hunnewell 


AuGusT, 1909 


The cheerfullest of all the dark green firs, be- 
cause the most lustrous, is the Crimean fir (A. 
Nordmannianda) 


estate at Wellesley, Mass. Mr. Palmer’s 
collection at Stamford, Conn., is now being 
broken up. There is a good pinetum at 
Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y. The 
oldest collection near New York is that 
of Mr. Paul Dana at Dosoris, N. Y., to 
whom I am indebted (through his most 
efficient gardener, John F. Johnston) for 
specimens of nearly all the species above 
described, and also some others of which 
Bailey gives no account. Mr. Dana also 
has A. Parsonsiana, which is considered 
a synonym of A. concolor and A. Bab- 
orensis or Numidica, a species from the 
north of Africa, but he can grow many 
fine trees of warmer climates because of 
his splendid system of windbreaks. Bilt- 
more, N. C., has, or did have, a fine collec- 
tion of firs, including every species above 
named, and A. venusia or bracteata, 
Sachalinensis, Webbiana, or Pindrow and 
Mome or firma; also all those from the 
Pacific Coast. 


FIRS 200 TO 300 FEET HIGH 


I am strongly tempted to describe four 
titanic firs that attain 150 to 300 feet on 
the Pacific Coast — A. amabilis, grandis, 
nobilis, and magnifica, but what’s the use? 
We cannot hope to grow them with any 
satisfaction east of the Rockies. And my 
closing thought is this: The eastern slope 
of the Great Divide ought to be scoured for 
every conifer that grows wild on the dry 
and barren side. Let us hope that the 
Arnold Arboretum will get funds for such 
an expedition and bring us the superb firs 
of the Pacific Coast in a form we can 
hope to grow. 


Making Money From Cut Flowers— By Carl Purdy, =, 


[Epitor’s Notre.—The following account of an amateur grower’s actual experiences in turning into money some of the surplus product of 


his garden was written in 1903, before San Francisco was visited by the disastrous earthquake and fire. 
Mr. Purdy once more turned his attention to horticultural pursuits, and a market for cut flowers. 


When the city became re-established 
He writes that, notwithstanding all that 


has happened in the meantime, he still feels the account of his earlier experiences is as true as it could be if it were written only in view of 


more recent developments. 


of his own problem by personal investigation. 


HEN I think of it now, I feel that I 
rather lacked enterprise in not 
making my cut flowers a source of profit 
sooner than I did. I had for many years 
grown a large variety of bulbous plants, 
and my exhibits at the California State 
Floral Society’s shows had won diplomas. 
It was not that I had not thought of it — 
it had also been often suggested to me by 
others — but my mountain garden was 
nearly nine miles from Ukiah—a five- 
mile drive across the valley, another three 
miles or so up a mountain canon, and 
then a mile and a half of pack trail up and 
over the mountain to Lyons Valley. Then, 
again, Ukiah is one hundred and fifteen 
miles from San Francisco, and that meant 
five hours, which were often warm ones. 

To be sure, I had succeeded in shipping 
exhibits to the flower shows, so that they 
had arrived in fine condition, but it hardly 
seemed practicable to wrap each small 
bunch of a large shipment in wax paper 
and pack them in tin cases as I had done 
in those instances. I did make a few trials, 
but they were unsatisfactory. 

In the spring of 1902 I had a large number 
of daffodils coming into flower, and I deter- 
mined to work out the shipping problem 
if it “took all summer.” The first thing 
was to find the best methods of packing. 
I interviewed a business acquaintance who 
had a flower store; the only suggestion given 
was that I pack my daffodils in flat paste- 
board boxes with moist packing. I gave 
it several trials, with a net result of a very 
small credit and a request to discontinue 
shipments. 

I again went to the city, and this time 
carried in my hands a basket filled with 
fine Empress daffodils, determined to find 
out why it was that a flower of such fine 
keeping qualities would not stand a five- 
hours’ journey in the cool of the day. I 
tied them in bunches of twelve, stood them 
upright in a flat, splint, market basket, 
and tied paper over the top to keep out the 
dust. It was a warm day, but my flowers 
arrived in San Francisco as fresh as they 
left Ukiah, and sold at sight. 

This suggested to me what was needed 
—a packing case tall enough for the stems 
to stand upright, so that there would be 
no weight on the flowers themselves. 

The best thing for the purpose was a 
round, flat-bottomed Indian basket. I put 
damp moss in the bottom, tied the daffodils 
in dozens, wrapped each bunch in a sheet 
of newspaper, filled the basket sufficiently 
to keep the bunches from working over 
sidewise, yet not so full as to allow the 


The great lesson to be learned is that there is a local condition to be met; each one must discover the solution 


We want to hear about any amateur gardener who has in any way turned his hobby into 
a source of revenue, and we will purchase suitable articles.] 


flowers to crush each other, sprinkled 
water over the top, and tied a piece of 
sheeting over the basket to keep out dust 
and soot. This time the flowers went through 
in perfect shape, and brought a call which 
took all that I had at good prices. 

The supply of Indian baskets not being 
equal to the demand, I found that large 
flaring clothes baskets did quite as well. 
Meantime, I was testing other possible 
money makers. , 

Two years previously a large lot of tulip 
bulblets had been planted, ana all but 
forgotten, and now they were coming into 
bloom and proved to be various tall, late 
varieties in medley — bizarres, byblooms, and 
breeders. The crop netted me about $15. 

My success with the little bed of tulips 
prompted me to import a fine lot from 
Holland. I trusted the dealer, an old 
business friend of mine, to make the selec- 
tion, and the larger part was of that 
class of late tulips known as Darwins, 
which were said to be great favorites for 
cutting. I was sorry to find in the selection 


a considerable number of early singles. . 


Daffodils were very profitable, but it took some 
thought and experiment to find out exactly how to 
ship the bunched flowers to arrive without crushing 


15 


I knew that large numbers of that class were 
forced by the florists and put on the market 
in winter, and it hardly seemed that I could 
sell them at so late a date as they would 
flower with me. 

I had found Narcissus poeticus, var. 
ornatus, a great favorite, and as it is the 
best white-flowered variety, I invested in 
a nice lot of them. 

My experience had taught me that unless 
flowers can be put on the market early, it 
may be better to have them come late and 
avoid the midsummer glut. Now it happens 
that while my mountain gardens are ad- 
mirably adapted ;to. narcissus culture, it is 
absolutely hopeless .to compete in earliness 
with those favored regions about the bay 
where the crop is marketed in February. 
I therefore selected my ground with the 
idea of bringing most of my crop on late 
and of extra quality. 

My first lot went down March a2sth. I 
think that it was about the 4th of Apnil, 
after my third or fourth consignment, that 
I received a letter stating that the market 
was glutted, and that no more flowers 
would be received. With thousands of 
the finest daffodils I had ever grown ready, 
and other thousands to come within ten 
days, this was a situation calling for quick 
action. With a sample case containing 
specimens of average quality of the varieties 
then in bloom, I went to the bay as soon as 
I could leave home. 

The dealer was courteous; I could see 
that his place was stacked with narcissus. 
Mine were excellent, but of some varieties 
others had produced even better. ‘“‘Could 
he use any Barrii Conspicuus?”’ 

“Couldn’t possibly. People don’t care 
for them. Had fifty-seven dozen fine 
bunches of them in our windows for a week 
and then threw away just fifty-seven dozens.” 

Now, Barrii Conspicuus was a sort that 
I had felt confident people would care for, 
and I had backed that confidence to the 
extent of some thousands of bulbs. 

Somewhat discouraged, I screwed my 
courage to the sticking point, took my 
samples and began a canvass of other places. 
I do not believe that I saw a daffodil! At 
the end of an hour I had booked as many 
orders as I dared, and at prices materially 
above what I had so far secured. Which 
goes to prove that faulty distribution is 
often the weak place where over-production 
and under-consumption take the blame. 

Instead of trying to sell my flowers to a 
few dealers I now distributed them well 
along the line. I found that nearly all of 
the daffodil growers confined themselves 


16 


to a few varieties. My own were in great 
variety, and in making up consignments I 
took the trouble to give a good assortment 
with from twenty-five to one hundred of a 
sort. There is much variation in both 
form and color in daffodils, and a store 
might be filled with a well assorted lot without 
giving the impression of monotony. I 
found that by assorting I could sell more 
flowers, and at the end of the season my 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


disappointment, the early singles were a 
pleasant surprise. I had not expected 
anything from them, and had _ planted 
them in very late, cool positions, and 
watered freely. They grew splendid flowers 
with good stems, and although months before 
the short-stemmed, forced tulips had gone 
out, these sold at forty and fifty cents, and 
not enough to in any way satisfy the demand. 
I had so handled early tulips that I shipped 


The better kinds of peony are always wanted for floral decorations in the summer 


customers had not tired of daffodils, but 
wanted more. 

The larger portion of my tulip stock 
was Darwins, which are very large, long- 
stemmed tulips in dark or neutral colors. 
They had cost me nearly double the price 
of other strains, yet sold for less, and I 
had to make material concessions on some 
colors, and at the last failed to market a 
portion of them. If the Darwins were a 


some of them with the latest shipments of 
late tulips. 

Having learned at some cost the lesson 
that it is well to distribute widely, I thought 
it well to try other cities. Los Angeles, 
which seemed to be the nearest available 
point, is about six hundred miles from 
Ukiah, and takes some thirty hours to 
reach. I made a number of successful 
shipments of narcissus and tulips to that 


AuvueustT, 1909 


point, and tried one consignment of dog- 
tooth violets, which arrived in passable 
condition, but did not take. I demon- 
strated to my own satisfaction that I could 
readily ship as far as Chicago. 

Some of my tulips were purchased at 
Los Angeles, sent to a wedding at Galveston, 
and arrived in perfect order. A trip to 
New York would have been easier. 

I also turned my attention to the wild 
flowers in which our region is rich. Perhaps 
the favorite among the spring flowers 
native to our mountains is the cream-colored 
dogtooth violet (Erythronium giganteum), 
but the flowers seemed too fragile to possibly 
stand the trip. When they are in water 
their keeping qualities are often remarkable. 

I took with me to the mountains a clothes 
basket with damp moss in the bottom, 
newspaper torn in half-sheets, and twine. I 
had the flowers picked in bunches of twenty- 
five stems of average size, fewer if large, 
more if small, my aim being to send uniform 
sized bunches. 

I also tried other wild flowers with some 
success, but, on the whole, found that 
neither the florists nor the public are edu- 
cated to a right appreciation of the delicately 
beautiful things. They prefer cabbage- 
like chrysanthemums, American Beauty 
roses, and gaudy tulips to woodland beauties; 
but while this is true, every large city con- 
tains a considerable number of people who 
appreciate and would buy wild flowers 
if they could get them in good order. 

With wild flowers I had fair success, 
and I tried some shipments of redbud or 
Judas tree and Rhododendron Californicum, 
the lovely evergreen form prevalent along 
our immediate coast. For the redbud I 
used a stout, very light skeleton frame lined 
with burlap, while for the rhododendron, 
after making four models F settled upon a 
chest constructed exactly like my flower 
boxes, 18x40 inches on the bottom, and 
12 inches high, with trays to set in. Damp 
moss could be put under the bottom tray, 
then the box be filled, each tray set in on 
top of a well filled compartment, and water 
spinkled on top to filter down through the 
branches. It worked perfectly, and was 
scarcely any trouble to pack. 

The Western representative of Trillium 
grandiflorum is equally pretty, and feeling 
that it would certainly sell well, I made a 
trip into the redwood region and secured a 
fine lot. My customer did not sell a dime’s 
worth. 

Out of the abundance of experiences 
which I had in this little venture none 
struck me more forcibly than these local 
tastes. It would seem that some kinds of 
roses and carnations are everywhere in 
demand; but that outside of that, each 
city —even different parts of the same 
city — has its local taste in flowers. 

At Los Angeles my Darwin tulips were 
more in demand than the other sorts. One 
San Francisco dealer on Market Street could 
not sell a single bunch of dogtooth violets 
at the same time that another was calling 
‘for almost daily shipments. One florist 
wanted tulips with the longest stems, while 


AuGcustT, 1909 


The local conditions vary. One man wanted 
tulips with the longest possible stems; another 
preferred them short 


another laughed at my pains in sending 
them along. 

The fact that my greatest success has been 
with narcissus and tulips is by no means 
an indication that they are the best flowers 
for a beginner; my long experience in their 
culture, a knowledge of varieties, and 
peculiarly adapted soil and climate, were 
the greatest factors. 

One should select some line in which he 
has some advantage of climate or experience. 
This conclusion should not be arrived at 
too quickly. Read up thoroughly, use your 
eyes and spend some money in traveling 
about and seeing what the other fellow is 
doing, and then go at it better or more 
cheaply than he can. Valuable experience 
can be purchased more cheaply with car 
_ fares than in more or less blind trials. 

When a line is chosen make yourself 
master of it. Study packing and marketing; 
remember that this is an age of advertising. 

Do not get all your eggs in one basket, 
either by having but one line or by so hand- 
ling your crop that all comes into market 
at one time. 

Do not begin large, but educate yourself 
as you go, and always have a few experi- 
ments going to pioneer the way to changes 
and expansion. 


BALANCE SHEET FOR 1902 


Gross sales q $251.06 
Less bad accounts : é 12.14 


Net sales 


: i $238.92 
EXPENSE ACCOUNT 

Baskets bought . : 5 16.40 16.40 
Net profit $232.52 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The first shipment was made April 2d, 
and the last June 23d. During this time 
the cut-flower work did not take more than 
one-fifth of my time. 


BALANCE SHEET FOR 1903 


Gross sales : ; $513.57 
Less various adjustments (Note 1) 38.08 


- $475.49 
EXPENSE ACCOUNT 
Special labor hired (Note 2) $16.20 
Expressage and freight paid. 7.28 
Boxes and crates (Note 3) : 69.73 
To San Francisco and return . 9.25 
Telephones, car fares, etc., 

(Note 4) . : : . 10.86 
Paid San Francisco agen 6 30.00 

$143.32 

Net profit over all $332.17 


(Note 1.) This item includes injured goods, 
miscounts, and all other claims in adjustment of 
accounts. 

(Note 2.) It is not possible to segregate the labor 
of persons who only helped an hour or so at a 
time at intervals during the season, but were 
otherwise occupied most of the time. Three- 
fourths of the flowers were shipped between April 
rst and April 24th. During that period it took 
practically all of my own time. 

(Note 3.) Probably two-thirds of the boxes 
and crates were on hand for the season of 1904. 
The cost was considerably more than would be 
the case again, as I perfected and altered the 
shipping case as I went along thus taking more 
time and materials. The cost of bulbs is not 
charged to the cut flowers, because the increase 
paid a fair profit outside of the flowers. 

(Note 4.) My San Francisco agent’s time was 
nearly all within three weeks. 


BRINGING UP TO DATE 


In 1904 I did not do very much in cut 
flowers, but in 1905 I was ready to do great 
things. 

I had fine stocks of bulbs planted, the 
winter had been favorable, and I had sent 
a bright young man to the city to secure 
orders and deliver and collect. He secured 
the orders all right and at fair prices, and 
all looked bright when a series of exceedingly 
hot days for April came. The flowers 
which in normal weather would have been 
marketed during over a month came in a 
week. And they were beautiful, and with 
splendid stems, but too soft. When returns 
came back from tens of thousands I found 
that nearly all had failed to arrive in mer- 
chantable order. My agent could not fill 
his orders, and I found myself with some 
rather large bills to pay and very few sales. 
The wild flowers suffered from the same 
undue heat, and when I closed 1905 it was 
with a very poor balance sheet. 

The fateful 18th of April of 1906 found 
me with splendid stocks of both tulips and 
daffodils, and I was making nice daily 
shipments when the sad disaster to San 
Francisco stopped all trade for weeks, and 
only one bill was paid — $32 gross for the 
year’s trade. 

Then came a year of trials for all of us; 
but when Easter again approached, while 
half of the city still lay in ruins, the florists 
who had gone back to their old business 
found to their astonishment that they had 
a trade far better than any one had expected. 
Growers had little heart to prepare for the 
trade, and all stocks were too small for the 
demand. I had made no preparations, 


iN 


but sold what I had to very good advantage, 
and was encouraged to prepare on a larger 
scale than ever before for the season of 1908. 

My experiences with capricious seasons, 
earthquakes, and hot weather had not been 
the only trying ones, for I had found that 
between the dishonest florists who will not 
pay, the honest, but poor ones who cannot 
pay, the honest but too sharp ones who 
always find flaws to pick in order to reduce 
their bills, and equally bright dealers who 
are anxious for your flowers when flowers 
are scarce, and quit you suddenly if they 
happen to be plentiful, the grower who 
cannot market in person is often at a serious 
disadvantage. 

In my case the cost of keeping an agent 
was too large for my small crop, and both 
time and fare precluded many personal 
trips. But while I had seen something of 
the seamy side of the trade I had found 
some of the fine men also, and now deter- 
mined to tie to the best of these, and if 
possible, sell all of my crop in one place. 

The rarity of some of my flowers, and the 
high quality of others made this arrange- 
ment mutually advantageous, and I have no 
cause to regret the bargain that I concluded. 

I now ship all of my flowers to one man, 
most of the prices are agreed for the season, 
and we study the best sorts and varieties 
for the trade. 

While I do not receive quite as much for 
some things as might be had by peddling 
them, I have no bad debts and very few 
flowers are reported as unsalable. 


Irises are useful decorative flowers because of their 
individual beauty 


White pinks are perhaps the best flowers for edging. They are covered with 
fragrant flowersin June and the silvery foliage is always attractive, even in 
Major Rogers, Riverhill, Sevenoaks Kent 


winter. 


English Effects With Edging Plants—By Wilhelm Miller, 


THE ELEGANCE AND PERFECTION 


sun. 


We can use English ivy as a ground cover in the North where it will not 
thrive as a climber on account of its susceptibility to injury from the winter 
It is also sometimes used for edging beds 


New 
York 


OF ENGLISH LANDSCAPES AND GARDENS ARE LARGELY DUE TO THESE 
CONNECTING OR TRANSITIONAL PLANTS, WHICH GIVE THE FINISHING TOUCH TO A CHARMING DESIGN 


[Epiror’s Nore.—This is the eighth of a series of twelve articles that explain how we waste about a million dollars a year in trying to copy English garden effects literally, and 
the only way in which we can excel England. This series is devoted to the materials of gardening, such as trees, shrubs, vines, etc. A companion series in Country Life in America 
deals with the different kinds of gardening, such as landscape, formal, rose, rock, water, and wall gardens. Both series began in Fanuary.| 


HE intoxicating beauty of English 
landscapes and gardens is chiefly 
caused by two things—luxuriance and 
finish. Such luxuriance we may never hope 
to attain until we begin to love our own 
American trees, shrubs and vines and make 
them dominant in our plantings as the 
Europeans do with their own native vegeta- 
tion. By ‘finish,’ I mean elegance, per- 
fection, the last touch that makes an exquisite 
picture. This finishing touch is often sup- 
plied by edging plants or “‘ground covers” 
—low growths that carry the eye from the 
greenery of grass to that of the shrubs and 
trees without a break. 

The perfect lawn is one that is free from 
trees and bushes except at the borders, where 
it is fringed by shrubbery. This idea is 
illustrated by the picture on page 19. The 
dignity of this scene is due chiefly to the tall 
trees. The peacefulness and repose therein 
are mainly owing to the unbroken lawn, 
which seems greater and richer than it really 
is, because its surface is not speckled with 
showy plants. And the elegance of the 
picture is largely due to the shrubbery, which 
makes the transition between lawn and trees. 
To realize the truth of this last statement one 
has merely to think away the fringe of bushes. 

How different this is from the “‘camp 
meeting” style of grove in which we Ameri- 
cans often take complacent pride! Many 
people, otherwise cultured, take it for granted 
that there can be nothing finer than a grove 
carpeted with grass. For picnics, yes; for 
beauty and privacy, no. Call to mind the 
loveliest woods with which you are 


acquainted. Do they not have flowers 
within and a fringe of shrubbery without? 
So, too, the private parks of England would 
lose their elegance and finish if there were no 
fringe of shrubbery. This fringe, however, 
should not be continuous, as it often is in 
nature. There should be a long, solid stretch 
of bushes, to give seclusion to those in the 
wood and to make the grove poetic, mystical, 
alluring. And then there should be a break 


A trimmed edging plant (probably lavender) in 
a garden designed by William Goldring. Yew at 
the left, madonna lilies in bloom, broad-leaved 
evergreens behind. Note resemblance to the “‘ Colo- 
nial’’ garden 


18 


with a glimpse of cool ferns amid cathedral 
columns, or gorgeous masses of distant 
rhododendron bloom. And at such openings 
there should usually be a path or trail. 
Such is the spirit of the English park — a 
spirit that would ennoble our groves, pleasure 
woods and tree-girt lawns. 


SHRUBS FOR EDGING LAWNS 


Any kind of shrubbery will make a tran- 
sition between trees and grass, but most of the 
bushes that we love for their flowers, especi- 
ally the tall ones, are deficient in foliage at 
the base. ‘Therefore the most finished effect 
is produced by edging tall bushes with low 
ones, whose branches arch over and meet the 
grass. Such are Forsythia suspensa, which 
has yellow flowers in April; Van Houtte’s 
spirea, with white blossoms in May; Stephan- 
andra flexuosa, with white flowers in June; 
Regel’s privet, with white flowers in July; 
the shining sumach, with greenish clusters 
in August; the yellowroot, which begins to 
color finely in September; the Indian cur- 
rant, whose purple berries last until Novem- 
ber; and, best of all, the Japanese barberry, 
which is attractive the year round, and 
especially in winter, by reason of its scarlet 
berries and the delicate tracery of its branches. 

It would be an excess of refinement to 
furnish a perfect transition everywhere — 
first tall bushes, then medium and finally 
low ones. Where everything is delicate, 
we miss the robust and virile. Tall trees 
seem taller when no bushes are allowed in 
front of them. On the other hand, if all 
the lines in a landscape are strong and 


AuausT, 1909 


rugged, we feel the need of a feminine touch. 
When you go outdoors to-day, apply these 
principles to the front yards that you see. 
Determine where you would sweep away the 
bushes and where you would put them in. 
I believe that ordinarily you will wish to 
put in ten shrubs for one that you pull out. 
The showy yards of our proud cities may 
have a certain barbaric splendor, but I 
think you will conclude that they usually 
lack refinement and repose. If you can go 
to the country, study the landscapes that seem 
most restful and soothing, notice the tran- 
sitions that nature makes 
between wood and field — 
the rounded, billowy masses 
of sumach and _ the like. 
You will conclude that rest- 
fulness is due to gently flow- 
ing lines and that the harsh 
right angle between trees 
and grass is best hidden by 
shrubbery. 


EDGINGS FOR FORMAL 
GARDENS 


If edging plants are im- 
portant on the lawn they 
are doubly so in the garden, 
where we wish every foot of 
ground to do its best. The 
most famous edging plant for 
gardens and formal flower 
beds is box, and rightly so, 
because it is evergreen and 
“breathes the fragrance of 
eternity.” 

But in this case the pur- 
pose of the edging plant is 
not to furnish a transition, 
for the edging is often taller 
than the flowers within. The 
real purpose of box is to 
outline the design. For, in 
a formal garden the main 
thing is the design, while in 
the naturalistic garden it is 
the ‘flowers. Now, design 
‘can be more pleasantly im- 
pressed by means of cool 
lines of evergreen foliage 
than by broad gravel walks, 
which are hot and tiresome 
in the sun. Thus box has 


been used for edging from The exquisite finish of English lawns is largely due to the edging of shrubbery—which, 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


not box but lavender, I should judge. 
However, the species is not now important. 
The main thing is to see how necessary 
trimmed vegetation is for outlining the 
design of a formal garden, because it is the 
design that gives one a sense of order, fitness, 
and harmony. And for outlining the design 
of a garden we shall probably never find 
anything better than box. 

In olden times the common, or tree, box 
was used for edging, but in the life of every 
garden comes a period of neglect and then 
the tree box overruns the walks and flower 


19 


should inquire in the neighborhood about its 
hardiness and what kind and degree of shade, 
if any, seems best. 


PERMANENT EDGINGS 


If you can satisfy all the conditions, box 
will preserve the design for many human 
generations, but if not, the only permanent 
materials are “‘dead edgings,”’ such as stone, 
brick, or tile. I saw all sorts of abominations 
in England that we never dream of — 
ornate tiles, fancy bricks, and even cast iron 
intricate patterns. They were always get- 
ting out of plumb or being 
cracked by frost and I can- 
not understand why anyone 
ever invented them or ever 
found a purchaser. They 
are supposed to save the ex- 
pense of trimming box but 
their first cost is heavy and 
some of them have to be 
carefully set in cement. 
Heaven defend us _ from 
their hard lines and glaring 
colors and intricate orna- 
mentation! The motive be- 
hind all this tawdry art is 
display, whereas the only 
sensible object of a dead 
edging is to save labor in 
weeding, by sharply defining 
the walks. 

The only dead edging that 
pleased me in England was 
natural stone. In some 
princely gardens I saw stone 
copings elaborated by skilled 
workmen into designs of rare 
beauty, but I heard sorrow- 
ful tales of their chipping 
and splitting from the action 
of frost. But the best effect 
came from using rough- 
dressed stone of the neigh- 
borhood, setting the blocks 
in a fairly straight line, but 
without bothering to make 
all the blocks the same 
length. In the moist, cool 
climate of England lichens 
and algz soon obscure the 
marks of the chisel and the 
chinks are filled with pre- 
cious little flowers like the 


classical times, and asit usu- however, is not continuous, but allows occasional glimpses into the heart of the grove wall pepper, the Minorca 


ally lives longer than any- 

thing else in a garden, some people main- 
tain that it is impossible to have a charming 
formal garden without it. 

The spirit of formal gardening is admir- 
ably illustrated by the little picture on 
page 18, which was given me by Mr. 
William Goldring and shows a portion of a 
garden designed by him. Yet, at first glance, 
it looks like one of our old Colonial gardens. 
It has the same atmosphere of seclusion, 
luxuriance, mellowness and of intimate 
home life. Aside from the madonna lilies, 
however, the materials are all different. 
The conifer is yew, not hemlock. Behind it 
is English laurel, where we would now use 
rhododendrons. And the edging plant is 


beds, thus obscuring the original design. 
Dwarf box is therefore better for edging 
flower beds, but it involves a long wait. 
Little plants only six inches high may cost 
$roo a thousand and look painfully small for 
several years. Box edgings need to be 
trimmed to a line once a year in May. 
They are said to be ruined sometimes by 
neighboring plants overhanging them and 
by salt thrown upon the walks to kill weeds. 
They rob the flowers of plant food and are 
supposed to poison the ground for certain 
kinds. It is necessary to grow an extra 
supply in a reserve garden to. fill gaps. 
There are many other drawbacks to the use 
of box. Before deciding to use it, everyone 


sandwort, Kenilworth ivy, 
etc., which bring the stone into a natural 
and loving relation with the soil. And the 
prettiest feature of all is to see these stones 
overgrown by some live edging, such as 
stonecrop, thyme, or bellflower. This type 
of edging is the one approved by William 
Robinson, and in describing it I have used 
many. of his ideas and phrases. 


FLOWER EDGINGS FOR THE GARDEN 


But the most affecting loveliness, in my 
opinion, is that which comes from the use 
of flowers for edging garden walks. Take, 
for instance, the white pinks shown on page 
18. These unpretentious little flowers, 
that crouch at one’s feet, appeal to one’s 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


A bed of Japanese flowering crab carpeted with heath. The countless white dots in the lawn are English 


daisies, white, single, half an inch across. 


protective instincts like helpless children. 
But they do their work marvelously well. 
They smother all weeds; they define the 
walks; they fill the air with the scent of cloves 
in June; they are covered with flowers 
during their season; their silvery foliage is 
attractive even in winter; and they soften 
and glorify the lines of garden paths. Itisno 
wonder that Mr. E. T. Cook says (in the 
“Century Book of Gardening”) that they 
are the most popular of all flowers for edgings. 

My own impression, however, is that 
tufted pansies are the favorites in England 
at the present time. ‘They have one great 
advantage over pinks in blooming all spring 
and summer, with the exception of a fort- 
night’s enforced rest. Pinks ‘bloom once 
and are gone until next year. ‘There are 
several ‘‘everblooming” pinks in the cata- 
logues, but I have never seen any I cared for. 


(Pyrus floribunda, var. Scheideckeri) 


Either they have poor colors or poor form 
or else they split their calyces. Doubtless 
there are many fine pinks I have never seen, 
but surely tufted pansies bloom longer and 
they are also available in a wider range of 
colors — blue, yellow, violet, etc. These 
tufted pansies, or violas, have smaller 
flowers than the ordinary~kinds and will 
actually bloom freely through our hot sum- 
mers. Some idea of their charm may be 
had from the picture on page 21, which, 
however, shows one of the simple old types 
having the narrow petals of Viola cornuta, 
the chief parent of this race. The latest 
varieties are. decidedly showier, because 
broader petaled. I expect to see millions 
of these pansies sold in America every year. 
The only drawback to them I know of is 
that they are said to get “‘sick of the soil” in 
two or three years, and have to be removed 


Fancy walking on this velvety moss for a quarter of a mile under beech trees! 


A unique effect at 


Cliveden, estate of W. W. Astor 


AveustT, 1909 


or they will give out suddenly. They can- 
not be regarded as permanent edging 
material, but they are certainly longer-lived 
than ordinary pansies, and you can propa- 
gate by cuttings the one variety you like best. 
I wish everyone who reads this article would 
try some tufted pansies in a rose bed next 
spring. Orif you wish enough to edge a walk 
and cannot afford to buy the plants, get some 
seed now and sow in flats in coldframes. 

These, then, are the great edging plants 
in England—pinks and tufted pansies. 
For variety they use thrifts, which make 
neat evergreen sods and bear tidy balls of 
rosy flowers on long stems; moss pink 
(Phlox subulata), in refined varieties; rock 
cress (Arvabis albida); an exquisite harebell 
known as Campanula pusilla, which I fear 
we can grow only in rockeries, and saxifrages 
without number. These last we cannot grow, 
except possibly the London Pride (Saxifraga 
umbrosa), which seems to me the most valu- 
able of all because of its evergreen rosettes. 

I think we particularly need white-flowered 
edging plants that bloominsummer. White, 
because white is the peace maker in the gar- 
den. Summer-blooming, because white flow- 
ers make a garden seem cool and restful. 
If there is any nurseryman or amateur who 
has a white-flowered variety of the lemon 
thyme I wish he would send me some 
plants for experimentation as I think that 
would make an ideal edging plant for 
America — white flowers, summer bloom, 
evergreen and fragrant foliage. 


FRAGRANT EDGINGS 


This brings me to a fascinating subject 
— the use of fragrant herbs for edging paths 
in a flower garden. A garden can hardly 
be charming without sweet odors and I fancy 
that some of the fascination of the old 
Italian gardens is due to their bay, myrtle, 
and lemon, which makes them ever fragrant. 
Flowers are scented only when they bloom, 
but leaves will give forth their odor whenever 
they are brushed against. Therefore, an 
evergreen edging plant, with fragrant leaves 
would be a great advantage, but I fear we 
shall never have any in the North, except box. 
Sweetgale is evergreen in England, but not 
here. Rosemary hedges are common in warm 
countries, but I doubt if rosemary would be 
sufficiently hardy or evergreen for northern 
gardens. The most fragrant evergreen native 
to the northern United States is the balsam 
fir, which is obviously unsuited to gardens. 
Wintergreen would be too low for some gar- 
dens, and requires shade from the midday 
sun. Perhaps some genius will give us a 
dwarf hemlock with foliage more fragrant 
than the ordinary. 

Lavender is not only fragrant, but ever- 
green and hardy in England. ‘Lavender 
walks” are a famous feature of English 
gardens. I have seen them four feet high 
and several hundred feet long. Full 
grown lavender is too tall for garden use 
without clipping. However, there is a dwarf 
variety that minimizes clipping or even 
renders it unnecessary. Unfortunately, lav- 
ender is not hardy in the North and we 
cannot have lavender edgings except as a 


Aveust, 1909 


summer feature. Thus, even if expense need 
not be considered, we miss the charm of age 
in this plant. 

Geraniums, also, are only a summer feature 
but they are so easily carried over the winter 
that they are worth serious consideration. 
They have a wonderful variety of odor in 
their foliage, but some varieties have bad 
colors which would make havoc in a garden. 
The nutmeg geranium, however, has white 
flowers and white is the safest color in edging. 
I wish some one would make a collection of 
all the geraniums that have different odors — 
the apple, lemon, nutmeg, rose, etc., and tell 
us about their suitability for edging. 

Obviously, however, a fairly permanent 
plant should be the ideal. The fraxinella 
or gas plant is very permanent and is redolent 
of lemon, but it is rather tall for gardens, a 
little too oily, and too slow to propagate. 
Lemon balm is delicious, but rather homely 
and coarse for a refined flower garden. The 
only native shrubs I know that have fragrant 
leaves are bayberry, sweet fern and 
aromatic sumach, but the first two are 
scraggly and all would require too much 
clipping. Sage and the other culinary herbs 
make a very interesting collection in a 
vegetable garden, but they are rather coarse 
for a flower garden. Probably the best 
fragrant-leaved plants we can have in the 
North for edging gardens are the white- 
flowered varieties of thyme. Besides the 
common thyme, there is creeping thyme, 
of which the lemon-scented and woolly 
leaved sorts are varieties. These are ever- 
green in the North, but whether they would 
be attractive in winter I do not know. 

But the garden is not the only place where 
an Englishman likes to see every foot of 
ground covered. He has the same ideal for 
his estate and for his whole island. This 
is Nature’s ideal too. For, wherever man 
leaves a bare spot Nature attempts to cover 
it, though she may be able to do so only with 
plants we call “weeds.”’ Bare earth is not 
essentially ugly, but if it remains so for a 
Yong time it suggests barrenness, poverty, 
unhappiness. On the other hand, luxuri- 
ance suggests peace and plenty. Conse- 
quently the Englishman often covers the 
ground beneath the trees in his park with 
ivy, producing great expanses of evergreen 
verdure, a glimpse of which may be had on 
page 18. In America we leave such spots 
bare instead of going to the woods to see what 
Nature does under beech, pine, or maple. 
We have not yet found cheap but fitting 
methods of bringing all the distant parts of 
an estate up to a high pitch of luxuriance, 
beauty and joyousness. We can and should. 
And the solution lies in our own native 
plants of low growth that have a genius for 


spreading, such as Virginia creeper, part-. 


ridge berry, wintergreen, the larger American 
cranberry, etc. 

I cannot go into this great question of cover 
plants. I can merely suggest some of its 
possibilities. This principle can be applied 
even to formal flower beds. A circular bed 
of Japanese flowering crabs was carpeted 
with heath. Here we have a bed that not 
only possesses two periods of bloom, but is 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Tufted pansies in the front row, then tea roses, then box. Fragment of a huge parterre, in which 70,000 
violas are used for edging rose beds. W. W. Astor’s 


even attractive in winter by reason of the 
evergreen covering of heaths. Is this not 
better and cheaper than planting every 
year with tender bedding plants? 

But the most astonishing bit of greenery 
I saw in English woods was a carpet of moss 
at Cliveden, the home of W. W. Astor. 
The picture on page 20, gives scarcely any 
idea of its charm. Imagine walking for a 
quarter of a mile under century-old beeches 
on a gravel driveway that has been absolutely 
covered with a thick carpet of velvety moss 
of the richest luxuriance! The important 


thing to learn from this is that the finest of all 
mosses reaches its highest beauty under 
beech trees and whenever we have a chance 
to make beech dominant we have a chance to 
reproduce that magical yellowish green 
atmosphere which is the most enchanting 
that can permeate any forest. 

No one of us now living may hope to see 
America as a whole smiling with the luxuri- 
ance and finish of old England, but every 
one of us who owns a bit of land can 
bring every foot of it up to the English stan- 
dard of efficiency and loveliness. 


The horned violet (Viola cornuta) chief parent of the tufted or bedding pansies 


Two very different forms of the cineraria. That on the right is the old style “‘ florists ’’ model, large flowered and compact, about one foot high; the more modern 
stellata type is loose habited, smaller flowered, and may grow five feet tall 


A Trio of Flowers For August Sowing—By C. B. Wynkoop, 3% 


START CINERARIAS AND CALCEOLARIAS NOW FOR EASTER, A YEAR HENCE— 
COOL WEATHER FLOWERS THAT ARE QUITE EASY TO GROW IN A WINDOW 


HERE are three showy, yet much 
neglected plants (although among 
the best) for the window garden, which 
may be sown now. These are the calceo- 
laria, cineraria, and cyclamen. When in 
full bloom the striking beauty of any one 
cannot be compared to any other flowering 
plant used for the same purpose. Somehow 
there is a notion about that they are hard 
to raise, but I have found it very easy to 
grow them from seed. They all grow about 
a foot or two feet high. 
The calceolaria has hundreds of beautiful 
pocket-like flowers in clusters in the spring. 
The colors include the rarest shades of vel- 


vety crimsons, rich maroon, brown and 
yellow with brilliant tiger-like spots. Their 
markings are most curious, rich, and varied, 
having a spotted, blotched, and striped 
appearance, very pleasing to the eye. 
There are differences in the “strains” of 
calceolaria, and it is wise to buy the very 
highest priced seed if the most exquisite 
colorings and largest flowers are wanted. 
The cineraria has daisy-like flowers in 
flattish heads and will attract attention 
when in full bloom wherever it is seen. It 
is not hard to grow, but likes a cool, buoyant 
air. Its large, luxuriant, dull green leaves 
are surmounted in the early spring by 


panicles of beautiful flowers, each two 
inches or so across in the most striking 
colors — brilliant shades of crimson and 
blue and white. Usually two or more colors 
are shown in the same flower. They last 
for two to three months with good care and 
attention. The seeds start readily, and 
the plants bloom in nine or ten months. 
The cyclamen has prettily marbled foliage, 
and richly colored, fragrant, orchid-like 
flowers in white to red. They are produced 
singly on long stalks, but several at one 
time. The petals are turned abruptly 
upward, giving rise to the name “butterfly 
flower.”” Good bulbs will begin to bloom 


The best long time bloomer for the window garden is the cyclamen. 


It takes ten months to grow from seed, but bulbs may be bought and started at once 
for winter flowers 


22 


AuGcustT, 1909 


in the fall and continue until June, showing 
at all times from twelve to fifty flowers 
which will last a month. Often the flowers 
will be spotted, marked and finely varie- 
gated. The cushion of foliage, in different 
shades of green, helps to set off the flowers 
which rise above it. The seeds grow 
freely, and the plants begin to bloom in 
eight to ten months. 


“1 


WHY SOME FAIL 


The most common cause of failure with 
these three flowers, when raised from seeds, 
is starting them too early and the plants 
more often make a rank growth. The 
seedlings must be grown on to their flowering 
stage without any check whatever. ‘There 
are very few plants that are easier to grow 
from seed than these three, when sown at 
the proper time and given the care and 
attention needed. They revel in the cool, 
light days of the autumn, but cannot endure 
the heat of summer. 

The best arrangement for the seeds is a 
small house frame which may be purchased 
from a dealer in florists’ supplies. The 
proper season for sowing is from June to 
September to give the plants that will bloom 
the fall and winter of the year following. 
A long time to wait?. Perhaps, but look 
at the magnificence of the result. 

The soil for the frame, box, or whatever 
may be selected to start them in, must be 
fairly light and well drained. ‘The following 
mixture will answer well: One part leafmold, 
one part light garden loam, and one part 
sand. This should be thoroughly mixed 
together and sifted before being placed in 
the frame. For drainage use small broken 
pieces of charcoal. It is the best, and will 
give the most satisfaction, as it absorbs all 
the impurities in the soil. When using the 
frame, allow one inch for drainage and one 
inch for soil, which should be made firm, 
smooth, and moist the day before the seeds 
are sown. If boxes or pots are used, cover 
them with glass or cheesecloth to prevent 
the moisture from evaporating rapidly. 


SOWING AND TRANSPLANTING 


The seeds of the calceolaria and cineraria 
are very fine, and must be sown on the sur- 
face and merely pressed into the soil — not 
covered. Cyclamen seeds are fairly large, 
and should be covered about their own 
depth with fine sifted soil. When watering 
it is best to allow the water to soak up 
through the soil. Care should be taken to 
prevent the fine seeds from washing out if 
watered from above. From the day of sowing 
never allow the soil to become dry. If the 
seedlings are once checked in their growth 
they will not amount to much. Calceolaria 
seeds germinate in ten days, cineraria in 
seven days, and cyclamen in one month. 

After the seedings have made their third 
set of leaves, transplant into thumb pots 
containing soil composed of two parts 
leafmold to one of light garden loam, sand, 
and well rotted cow manure of equal parts. 
After transplanting, place the plants in a 
shady , moist, and cool spot facing the north, 
and keep the plants well watered during 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the remainder of the hot summer months 
to promote strong growth. A fine spraying 
twice a day will also be very beneficial in 
keeping the insects away. 

As soon as the pots have become full of 


‘roots, transplant to pots two inches larger 


at every shift, until the plants are in seven 
or eight-inch pots in which they should be 
allowed to bloom. When the frosty nights 
appear, bring in the plants and place them 
in a room where the temperature is not above 
65 degrees. Try to keep a fairly moist 


LL 


in the pots is a good preventive. Moist 
tobacco stems placed under the pots will 
help to keep them away. If badly infested, 
make a weak infusion of tobacco juice and 
dip the tops of the plants into it. 

The cyclamen may also be grown from 
bulbs, which can be purchased from any 
florist, and planted in September, Merely 
press the bulb down in the soil, allowing 
one-half of it to project above the surface. 
They like a rich, sandy loam mixed with 
well rotted cow manure. 


Perhaps the showiest of these window plants for sowing now, but rather less easy to grow. The calceolaria 
varies immensely in color. Buy the very best seed if you want large flowers 


atmosphere about the plants to keep the 
red spider in check. 

The enemy from which these plants 
will suffer is the green fly, causing con- 
siderable damage to the plants if allowed 
to go unmolested. This pest multiplies 
very rapidly and in a short time may cover 
every stem and leaf. The best remedy 
for them is to thoroughly dust the upper 
and under sides of the leaves with fine 
tobacco dust or snuff. Placing fine cut 
tobacco stems over the surface of the soil 


After the plants are done blooming, 
gradually refrain from watering them, and 
place the pots in a cool, shady spot to allow 
the bulbs to dry off and rest throughout the 
summer. Never allow the soil in the pots 
to become dust dry. In September, repot 
in the same sized pots in which they last 
bloomed, using the same kind of soil. 
Although growing from bulbs is the easier 
way, yet I do not recommend it, for it seems 
to me that there is more satisfaction from 
growing the plants from seed. 


What to Do in a Drought—By Leslie Hudson, *% 


New 


MAKING THE BEST OF THINGS— HOW MOISTURE IS PRESERVED BY 
MULCHING AND WHAT TO DO TO IMPROVE THE SOIL CONDITIONS 


Vy there is a spell of long continued 

hot weather without rain the most 
natural remedy, it would seem, is to give 
plenty of water. In gardens this is usually 
prefectly practicable, and in highly cultivated 
areas is the most reasonable means of master- 
ing the situation. But on an area of any 
large size the problem of watering becomes 
an extremely difficult one. Even though 
the water supply be abundant, the question 
of labor has to be considered. 

The real answer to the question depends 
on the circumstances in any particular place. 
Some plants — vegetable crops, in particular 
—simply must have water at any cost, 
because  succulence and tenderness are 
prime factors in their quality. Indeed, it 
is often far better to harvest crops of tender 
vegetables at a younger stage_than usual 
than it is to let them mature under trying 
conditions of drought, when size is gained 
only at a sacrifice of tenderness., As a mat- 
ter of fact, it would be well if we would all 
learn to gather our vegetable crops in a 
younger state than we usually do. 

Crops that must be carried over to a later 
season, it planted in reasonably good soil 
prepared with ordinary cultural skill, may 
usually be depended upon to come through 
a drought without any very special attention. 
If such crops are watered — and there is a 
natural inclination to give them extra water 
when the other crops are being treated — 
they should be carefully cultivated as soon 
as possible afterward. Cultivation, or stir- 
ring the surface soil and keeping a loose 
mulch, counts for much more than actually 
adding water in a great majority of cases. 
All this is not hearsay, but the result 
of experience, backed up by actual 
investigations. 

It has been found that a well tilled orchard 
soil, for instance, contained, at a depth of 
one foot from the surface, on the first of 
September, about 12 


moisture below in a purely mechanical way 
by breaking the continuity of the moisture 
column. 

Everybody can see that moisture is evapo- 
rated from the surface of the ground during 
hot, dry weather, and where the soil of the 
garden is of one texture, there is a gradual 
flow of water from below, always tending to 
repair the loss of moisture from the surface. 
Cultivation, or the stirring of a small layer 
of soil on the top, breaks this continuous 
moisture column, and acts exactly in the 
same way as a mulch of light straw, litter, 
or other matter in retaining moisture. 

Go out into the garden and remove a 
mulch from any shrub that was set out in 
the spring, and notice the surface of the 
earth below. It is more moist than the ex- 
posed part. Leave it uncovered for a few 
hours and see the difference! 

It has been said that weeds are in reality 
a great blessing to the gardener because 
they compel him to cultivate. It is perfectly 
obvious to anyone that a well-kept garden is 
constantly stirred about the surface by the 
hoe in cutting out weeds. 

With shallow-rooted plants mulching by 
the addition of light litter is probably a better 
practice than cultivation, unless the latter 
is done with extreme care. Many a gardener 
knows that corn, uncultivated, will grow as 
well if not better than the same thing heavily 
cultivated. But it is merely a question of 
degree; and cultivation of any kind should be 
done with the lightest kind of tool to a depth 
of not more than half an inch, if possible. 


WHEN TO STOP CULTIVATING 


Although cultivation is a good thing it can 
be carried too far and too late in the season, 
especially in the case of trees and shrubs. 
The stimulating effect of late cultivation is 
such that growth may be continued far too 
late in the season — so late, in fact, that the 


wood does not have time to ripen up in the 
fall and with the arrival of winter is tender 
and easily injured by frost. 

The end of July or the beginning of 
August is the time when such cultivation 
should stop. During this month is the time 
to sow cover crops of leguminous plants 
for turning under in the form of green manure 
the following spring. This adds humus 
to the soil, and under certain conditions will 
also increase the supply of nitrogen. But 
the most important thing is the humus. 
That helps the physical condition of the 
soil, aiding it to retain a greater quantity 
of moisture in the future. 

As a cover crop on light soils sow rye. 
Other suitable plants are red clover, crimson 
clover, vetch, alfalfa and cow peas. 

It is good practice to sow one or other of 
these crops in orchards in order to make 
up for what the crop is continually taking 
out of the soil, and this month is the time to 
begin. Chemical fertilizers will often give 
immediate response, but by their continued 
application the soil becomes unbalanced 
and the necessity of supplying humus is 
greater than ever. No harm is likely to 
come from the turning under of a green crop, 
and even on the wetter soils, where souring 
might be suspected, a light dressing of lime, 
broadcast and plowed under in the first 
cultivation, will be sufficient to counteract 
any such tendency. 

If you have a young orchard in which 
catch crops are being taken while the trees 
are becoming established, do not plow in 
the fall. Better leave it to the spring. If 
your ground is badly drained and suffering 
from an excessive moisture, the growing of 
some crop such as rye may solve the entire 
problem of checking the too succulent growth 
of the plants and throwing them into bearing 
condition. 

This month gives a good opportunity 

for you to find out 


-— 


per cent. of water, 
which was about 50 
per cent. more than 
was found in a simi- 
lar depth of untilled 
soil nearby. 

But cultivation 
can be excessive and 
wasteful, not of moist- 
ure, but of the plants’ 
vitality through in- 
jury tothe roots. The 
ideal cultivation of 
the soil is one that 
completely stirs the 
surface to the smallest 
possible depth. The 
stirred soil becomes 
dryer than that which 
is below it, and it 


: ; helps in this. 
acts in preserving the 


Keeping the surface soil lightly but constantly stirred is often worth more than watering. 


The wheel hoe does both operations better than the hand hoe. 
should only be done around seedlings and in the rows 


Q4 


whether you have a 
water supply system 
which is really con- 
venient. If not, make 
your plans now for _ 
rearrangement or a 
laying of new pipes 
where they will do 
the most good. The 
cheapest way is to 
have pipes all on the 
surface with two or 
three standpipes, and 
the whole system ar- 
ranged so that the 
water may be shut off 
and thepipes drained 
dry when winter 
comes. The iron pipe 
may be laid along the 
edges of the walks. © 


Weeding 
Pulling weeds by hand 


a Lee eee 


bas: 


AUGUST IS THE BEGINNING OF REAL RE- 
SULTS IN OUR GARDENS—RESULTS MEAN 
OPPORTUNITIES—TO GIVE AWAY IN GAR- 
DEN SPOILS IS BETTER FAR THAN SAVING 


Conducted by 
Ee NE DID Ss TELA W 
New York 


GARDE 


Plans for Next Year’s Seed 


aes garden ought to give you not 
only flowers and vegetables but 
some seed for next year. 

Certain seed I would always buy because 
we get far better results from the choice 
seed of a good seed house than from the 
seed of our very small gardens. So I 
think I should always plan to buy my 
lettuce, radish, and beet seed each year. 
Perhaps it is better to buy all vegetable 
seed except corn, squash, pumpkin, and 
melon. 

From corn I would certainly save seed 
ears. This is the way to decide upon the 
seed. When you have a particularly fine 
sturdy corn stalk, with good firm full ears 
of corn on it, plan to save ears from this. 
Tie a string around the base of the ear 
you think is the finest. When you see 
that string you know that that is the ear 
you are saving for seed. From this, next 
year you will get corn like this seed or 
parent stalk, as we call it. 

Let us now think of the flower seed. 
I suppose the two things most to be desired 
in flowers are beautiful color and hardy 
specimens, in view of seed selection. 

So when you see a beautifully colored 
sturdy nasturtium blooming do not pick 
it but do as you did with the corn, tie 
a string loosely around the stem and leave it. 

Perhaps you have visited a nurseryman’s 
gardens. As you walked through the hun- 
dreds of blossoming rows you saw here 
and there a flower stalk with a string tied 
carefully about it. It is tied quite close to 
the head so that it can be seen plainly 
by all. The gardener told you that he 
had chosen this string-tied flower for seed. 
You see this is the proper way to label 
chosen blossoms. 

Now, if you had further asked the gar- 
_dener why he chose this particular flower 
from all the others, he would have told 
you this: First the flower was of a particu- 
larly good color, second, it was remarkably 
large, and, third, this plant bore a great 
number of blossoms. You cannot always 
find all these fine points in the same plant. 

In this month of August suppose you 
do the same. Choose carefully, keeping 
ever in mind just what you desire to get 
from each particular chosen blossom for 
another year. 


Do not—of course you will not—pick off 
the blossom as soon as you have strung it. 
That string merely means, save! hands off! 
Cut off the stalk after the blossom has 
-withered, faded, and fallen. 

Without doubt the most satisfactory 
flower seed to save is that of the nasturtium. 
But even with these it is wise to buy a 
few new seeds each year, or else good color 
runs out. These seeds are very easy to 
see and pick off. They may be picked 
while yet green. You must dry them, and 
dry them long and thoroughly, in the sun. 

Do the drying in this way: Place the 
seeds in a tin or box cover so that one seed 
is not on top of another. Put in a sunny 
window until the green seed has lost its 
green color, and is withered. Then put 
away in a box or envelope for next year. 

Another way of drying is to spread seeds 
on papers in the attic. Place these papers 
on the floor by a sunny window where light 
and air do the work of drying out. Turn 
the seed often to prevent molding. 

Such seeds as those of the zinnia, bachelor’s 
buttons, sunflowers, and other late blossom- 
ing plants may be left until nearly frost- 
time for gathering. Then pull the old 
flower head entirely apart so that the seeds 
may fall out. After this spread the seeds 
and dry. 

Sunflower seeds take a long time to dry 
out, or to season. 

Boxes are good to pack large seed away 
in. If you fear mice eating them, tin boxes 
will settle the case. 

After all, seed envelopes are best. In 
these one may place many or few seeds. 


2 t 


This envelope, four and one-halfinches by three is 
a most convenient size 


Q5 


A nice assortment of these envelopes of 
seed makes an acceptable Christmas gift. 

Why not make seed envelopes now. 
There are plenty of rainy days and some- 
times dull evenings when work would be 
a pleasure. 

These envelopes may be made of any 
white paper, wrapping paper, or perhaps 
you have something colored you would 
like to use. 

Here is a pattern of such an envelope 
with directions for making: 

After placing seeds in envelopes, seal, 
and print clearly on the front of the en- 
velope, a little above the centre, the name 
of the seed therein and the color, if you 
have a selected color. It will look like this: 


ZINNIA [Dark RED] 


Some one may ask, ‘“‘How can you be 
sure of one color?” Of course, this has 
to be planned for ahead. Suppose you 
have a garden of mixed zinnias and wish 
next year to have a bed of dark red ones 
only. Then put strings on the dark red ones. 
And if you have put strings on no others 
your color scheme is sure. Or you may 
work out a system of labeling which will 
enable you to tell colors. I think with 
nasturtiums you would have no trouble in 
keeping track of color. 


Directions for Making Seed 
Envelopes 


(oie paper 7% inches by 52 inches; 
place it the long way of the paper 
going from front to back of the desk, or 
table at which you work. 

Measure from the upper left corner 
down 1# inches, and place point 1; 34 inches 
farther down place point 2. Measure 
from the upper right corner down 1? inches 
and place point 3; 3% inches farther down 
place point 4. 

Measure from the upper left corner 
toward the right 14 inches and place point 5; 
3% inches farther toward the right place 
point 6. Measure from the lower left corner 
toward the right 1} inches, and place 
point 7; 32 inches farther toward the right 
place point 8. 

Draw dotted lines through 1 and 3, 2 
and 4, 5 and 7, 6 and 8. 

Measure } inch toward the right from 


26 


points 5 and 7 and place a dot. Draw full 
lines toward the left to the intersection of 
the dotted lines. Measure + inch down 
from 1 and 3, and place dots. Draw full 
lines upward to the intersection of the 
dotted lines. Measure } inch up from 
points 2 and 4, place dots, and draw full 
lines downward to the intersection of the 
dotted lines. 

Draw a full line from points 6 and 8 to 
the intersection of dotted lines. 

Cut on full lines. 

Fold on dotted lines. 

Fold A, B, and C, in this order, and paste, 
leaving D for flap to be pasted down when 
the envelope has been filled with seeds. 


Vacation Knife Work 


HY not get markers made ahead for 

the bulbous plants, such as canna 

and dahlia, which, later, you take up and 
put away for the winter. Then, too, we 
are to have a bulb contest this winter. I 


A good label is worth far more than the labor spent 
on making it 


mean we shall all plant hyacinths, tulips, 
and other bulbs in October; in late winter 
they will be ready for prize winning. Of 
course, these need labels, too. 

It is absolutely necessary to label so that 
mo mistakes will occur. If you have not 
labeled your dahlia bulbs how are you 
going to tell yellow ones from white ones? 
Suppose you have planted a pot of pink 
hyacinths, another of blue, and still a third 
of white ones. You write or print with 
chalk on the pot the color of the bulb. 
But with the watering and handling the 
marks get so rubbed that when the pots 
are brought from the dark it is impossible 
to distinguish one from another. This 
means you must wait for the bud at least 
before you can tell. 

Suppose you had planned to give the 
‘pot of blue ones to a friend. Poor labeling 
has made this impossible. This shows 
one way that good labeling helps. 

It is just the same way often in school; 
if a pupil has labeled his own pot of bulbs 
then there is no disappointment when the 
time comes to bring up the pots. 

The picture shows three markers. The 
two outside ones for the bulbs we intend to 
pack away for the winter. The middle 
one is to stick into the earth of your pots 
of bulbs. A pointed end to a marker 
‘means it is to go into earth, while notched 


THE GARDEN .MAGAZINE 


tops and blunt ends show that such markers 
are to have cords about the notches so they 
can be attached to the root or bulb you have 
to save. 

Any soft wood is good to make the 
marker out of and a sharp knife is too! suffi- 
cient. 


DIMENSIONS 


The marker on the bottom is 33 inches long. 
The distance from head to central point of 
notch is 4 inch. The distance between 
notches, or from the central point of one 
notch across the marker to the central 
point of the other, is # inch. The width 
is $ inch and the thickness + inch. 

The middle marker is 44 inches long, 
% inch wide, and iz-16th inch thick. Allow 
about 3 inch for the pointing at the end. 

The top marker is rather larger and 
stronger; it, too, may be pointed and not 


notched, so acting as a good pot marker. . 


Make it 5 inches long, $ inch wide, and 
3; inch thick. The line between the 
notches measures 3? inch, and is 1 inch 
from the top of the marker. 

If you have good plans for markers, let 
us all hear of them. 


Picking Flowers 


O* COURSE, you all know that the 
more flowers you pick the more you 
will have. Keep the flowers in mid-summer 
picked down pretty close. It pays to do 
this close picking. For, after it, the plants 
seem to vie with one another to produce 
blossoms. 

Now, there are several ways to pick 
flowers. You may pull them off, you may 
jerk them off close to the heads, you may 
leave the stems ragged and bruised, and you 
may even pull up roots and all. 

There is a right way to pick flowers. 
Flowers should be cut with scissors. Scissors 
are better than knives for this work. Take 
a basket or a newspaper when you go into 
the garden flower gathering. Place the 
paper or basket, which is to hold your 
cuttings, in the shade. The shady spot 
will prevent too great wilting. 

When you cut woody or tough stems, 
as those of shrubs, roses, and even zinnias, 
cut across on the slant or obliquely. It is 
easier for you, and better for the plant. 
With soft, juicy stems, as those of the nas- 
turtiums, it matters less. 

Another thing to remember, and a very 
important one, too, is this: cut long stems. 
This makes it possible to arrange flowers 
more gracefully. Some flowers, as roses 
or dahlias, when the buds are numerous 
and have to be considered, may have to be 
cut with shorter stems. 

When you have cut all the flowers you 
wish, take them in the basket or paper to a 
cool place to arrange. Perhaps you’ll 
choose the cellar, or the laundry, or by a 
shady window in the kitchen. Don’t forget 
to pick leaves, too. They add much to 
the effect. 

In arrangement of flowers remember 
that usually flowers of one kind look better 


AvGeustT, 1969 


together than a jumble of many kinds and 
colors. Another thing to remember is that 
long-stemmed flowers, as some roses, heli- 
anthus, zinnia, and dahlias, look best in 
high vases, while nasturtiums, other kinds 
of roses, and pansies, look best in low dishes 
and bowls. Flowers a bit bushy in nature 
as bachelor’s buttons and candytuft, look 
well when arranged very loosely in a wide- 
spreading vase. 

When you gather a bouquet to give away, 
bear this in mind again, that one color and 
one kind of flower is most acceptable. You 
must be careful about carrying your flowers. 
Older boys and girls ought to do better. 
Tie up the long stems of your flowers 
loosely or wrap a piece of oiled paper about 
them. Then the heat from your hand will 
not wilt them. The oiled paper from cracker 
boxes is good to save for this purpose. 

Give your flowers away, too. Send them 
calling on the sick; they are cheerful visitors. 


Sowing a Pansy Bed 


fi middle of July may seem to some 

of you very early to start plants for 
next year. But it is not. Really, it is 
just the right time. 

You will all be glad to know how a 
successful Scotch gardener plants his pansies. 
He raises beautiful ones. 

Just about this time, the middle of July, 
he fixes a place in the garden for his new 
pansy bed. The earth is dug up afresh 
and made free from lumps. Then he 
plants the pansy seed, just covering them 
with dirt. Over the bed he lays a cloth or 
old piece of sacking, securing it on the 
edges with stones. This sacking keeps off 
the blaze of the sun. Besides this use for 
the bag, there is another. He waters the 
bed by watering the sack. Keep the sack, 
he says, quite moist. So the earth beneath 
is kept damp. 

As soon as the plants come up, he takes 
off the bag or cloth. If the plants are too 
thick, he thins them out. 

When the frosty weather comes he gathers 
up heaps of dry leaves. With these he makes 
a thick covering over the pansy bed, covers 
with sacking, and holds all down with stones. 

When spring comes and the frost is out 
of the ground he will uncover his pansy 
bed. He always finds the little plants, 
strong above ground, a little pale, perhaps, 
but, after all, weeks ahead of pansies 
started by his neighbors in their houses. 

In just the same way you can start other 
flowers. Sweet Williams do very well under 
this treatment. 


The Fall Contest 


D° NOT forget we are ready to judge 
your specimens whenever you send 
themin. Do not wait if you have something 
good. Either get it to us or have a picture 
of it taken. 

Write us what happens in your garden, 
as some have this month. We are glad to 
hear from all of you. Send all letters or 
parcels direct to the office. 


1 1 r ——— The Readers’ Service will aid you 
AvGustT, 1909 4b Val 18 G AR DEN MAGAZ INE im pinnate We ‘ina he 27 


FF Ze) 
=> of ha 


) 


DESTROYS WEEDS 


IN 24 | () | RS NOT AN EXPERIMENT 

e BUTA PROVEN SUCCESS 
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Special booklet giving full particulars sent free. 


3% lb. can, 60 cents 7 Ib.can . . $1.00 14 Ib. can . . $1.75 
28 Ibs. . . $3.00 56 lbs. . . . $5.00 112 Ibs. . . . $8.00 
Purchaser paying transit. 


W.W. RAWSON & CO. [Brat Packsze 25... Mailed Free 


redeemed for the amount of 25 cents if enclosed witha 


Seedsmen BOSTON, MASS. regular order for lawn sand. 


Farr’s Irises for 
August Planting 


An Iris garden is in itself a floral world in which the enthusiast may have 
full scope for his wildest fancy. There are Irises for every imaginable situation, 


_ and in some form or other they may be had in bloom nearly every month in 
the year. 


My Surpassing Collection of Irises 
Is at your Service for August planting. There’s not another such collection in 
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PEONIES.—The most complete collection ever catalogued. 
ORIENTAL POPPIES. — Unrivaled for dazzling, barbaric splendor ; 


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WYOMISSING NURSERIES 


PEONIES 


From the Cottage Gardens’ Famous Collection 


Our 1909 Catalogue, containing a valuable treatise on the cultivation of 
the Peony and giving authentic descriptions of nearly three hundred varie- 
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Send To-day for a Free Copy 
Peonies may be planted any time during the fall months, but September 
and October planting will give the best results. 


NOTE:—Our enormous stock of one hundred thousand plants enables 
us to furnish tubers of the very highest quality, and in filling orders we use 
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Some Tools Which Have Proved 


Satisfactory 


A ROLLER is an absolute necessity for the 
proper maintenance of the lawn and walks, 
and those made in sections which serve to make 
turning easy are the best, although their cost pre- 
vents many from owning them. One of the lowest 
priced machines made is twenty inches in diameter, 
and while it is hardly broad enough for lawn rolling, 
is suitable for foot paths. It is rather light in weight 
for its size, but it could be considerably improved 
by filling with concrete, which would make it much 
heavier and thereby add to its effectiveness. 

A good example of a home-made roller is shown in 
the illustration in the next column. A section of 
iron pipe was filled with concrete, the axle extending 
through a piece of ?-inch iron pipe placed centrally 
in the pipe before it was filled with concrete. The 
handle and fittings are all of #-inch galvanized iron 
pipe (one inch would be much stronger). This 
makes a cheap and effective roller, although it would 


» 
i\ 


a? 


A one-section lawn roller, the cheapest pwrchas- 
able form. Hardly broad enough for lawn rolling 
but excellent for footpaths Ses 


be greatly improved by making it in sections. If 
second-hand iron belt pulleys could be procured 
cheaply, several broad faced ones coupled together 
would make a very neat 
and serviceable roller. 
They could be filled with 
concrete to give the roller 
the necessary weight. 


LAWN RAKES 


The sharp steel teeth 
of the garden rake, if used 
on the lawn, are apt to 
catch and tear the roots 
of the grass; therefore a 
rake must be used that 
will glide over the grass 
without tearing it and at 
the same time gather up 
and carry along anything 
lying on or lodged in it. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the wooden toothed. There are a number of 
different forms of it—some constructed with wooden 
teeth, head and braces; some have wire or stiff iron 
braces; while in others the head is metal and 
the teeth wood. ‘The iron braced wood rake is, 
for all practical purposes, in the garden as good as 
any, and is comparatively light in weight. Wooden 
rakes may be had in sizes ranging from twenty 
inches to four feet in width. ; 


A RAKE THAT IS SELF-CLEANING 


There are also several forms of self-cleaning 
wooden rakes. In one the head is attached to the 
handle by a spring hinge, which, when pushed 
backwards, unloads the contents of the rake. 
When drawn forward the action is similar to any 
other. Another is made with an unloading head — 
in other words, the rake is double, the forward one 


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This lawn roller was home-made from a piece of 
iron pipe filled with concrete, the handle being 
made of %-inch galvanized pipe. Cheap and very 
serviceable 


being free to move in two clasping rings. When 
raking the teeth of the loose rake lie between those 
of the stationary one, and when pushed backward 
the teeth catch in the grass and, moving forward, 
force out anything that may be lodged between or 
on the rake teeth. The two rakes are practically 
self-cleaning. 


THE BEST LAWN RAKE 


The rake that I have found best suited to lawn 
work is the wire rake which has become extensively 
used and is sold under many names. The wire rake 
has proved durable, is double sided and serves for 
many uses; it will glide over the lawn without catch- 
ing and tearing out the'grass, owing to the curve 
of the hair-pin like teeth, but at the same time these 
teeth are so close together that the smallest leaf 
or bit of trash will hardly pass between them. 
The round ended teeth will gather up leaves and 
trash and move over the sod with an easy move- 
ment that no other rake possesses. The open 


ended teeth are curved at their ends so that they will 
glide between the grass blades without catching. 
Altogether this is the most satisfactory lawn rake, 


AuveusT, 1909 


Get a wheelbarrow with the tire not less than 
three inches wide. This will prevent the barrow 
from sinking into the ground and making une 
sightly tracks 


in my opinion, and may be had with from twenty 
to forty-two teeth and from seventeen to thirty-six 
-inches wide. 

For gathering and dragging of long grass, brush, 
etc., there is a 20-inch steel rake with curved teeth 
eight inches long and two and one-half inches apart, 
which might prove a handy tool where quantities 
of rough material need gathering and dragging 
along. This is called a pine needle rake and it was 
originally made for that purpose. 


THE WHEEL BARROW 


A wheel barrow is indispensable in the country 
or suburban home, especially if there is a kitchen 
garden. One thing in connection with a wheel- 
barrow that many people do not consider until after 
using one is the width of the wheel tire. It should 
be broad enough — not less than three inches — to 
prevent the barrow from sinking into the lawn or 
garden, a narrow tire making unsightly tracks in 
the soil and requiring twice the effort to propel it. 

- For wheeling bulky material of light weight and 
where no leaf cart is owned, a rack can be easily 
made of planed laths so as to fit the barrow when 
the sides are off. This permits of the quick removal 
of leaves, brush, etc., without greatly increasing 
the weight of the load. 


Pennsylvania. J. LUKENS Kayan. 


Growing Cuttings from Old 
Geraniums 


1 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for November, 1905, 

I read “‘Old Geraniums do not lift well. It is 
always best to start with mew stock.” My experi- 
ence with “old geraniums” last winter was so 
remarkable that possibly it may be of assistance to 
someone else. 

In May, 1908, I bought six geraniums from our 
village store and set them out ina sunny bed. They 
did fairly well all summer, but had little care or 
attention paid to them. On October 2oth they 
were lifted and cuttings made from them, each about 
thrée inches high. “These were planted in tomato 
cans which had been first pierced in the bottom, 
partly filled with excelsior and then with a moder- 
ately rich earth. 

On April 6th, 1909, each plant was two feet high, 
many of the leaves measured five inches across, the 

flower stems were twelve 


inches long and great 
trusses of exquisite bloom 


were making the bay 
window ablaze with 
color. 


I attribute such success 
to the following causes: 
A sunny bay window hav- 
ing eastern, southern, 
and western exposures; 
neither furnace heat nor 
gas in the house; frequent 
pinching back; and an 


of water in which meat, 
particularly _ liver, 
been washed. 


The oldest form of rake 
used for the purpose is 


Wooden and wire-toothed lawn rakes. 


There is nothing better than the latter for lawn work 


HELEN M. SWEENEY. 
New York. 


application once a week ~ 


had 


anette) te 


Auvucusr, 1909 


. 


[DELICATE and Dainty 
Summer Wash Fabnics 


must be handled carefully in 
the Wash. 


@ It’s the Rubbing— not the! 
Wearing—that shortens the. 


Life of most Fabrics and the 


more Delicate the maternal —_ 


the greater the Harm that 


Rubbing does. The Wash- 


Board is the Summer Gar- 


/ment’s worst enemy. 


@ This Summer try washing 


those things you really care 
about in the “PEARLINE 
WAY”-- without Rubbing — 


hence without Wear and Tear 


to the Clothes. PEARLINE | 


Loosens all the Dirt and Rins- 


ing carries it away, leaving 
your Clothes Fresh — Clean 


and Sweet Smelling- 


Makes Dirt 
“Step Lively” 


If you wish to purchase live stock, 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE write 10 the Readers’ Service 29 


-the Modern Soap 


THE FARM LIBRARY 


containing: “Soils,” ‘‘Farm Animals,” ‘Farm Management,” ‘‘Cotton.”” Each 
illustrated from photographs. Books sold separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. - NEW YORK 


Cost of Industrial Insurance 
Further Reduced Voluntarily 


The Prudential 


Industrial Policies now being issued have increased 


Benefits averaging over 10 per cent. and will 


Give Many Millions of Dollars 


of Life Insurance More Than The Old Rates Would Have Provided. 


Over 20 Million Dollars 


Extra Life Insurance has also been added voluntarily to Industrial Policies issued 
since January Ist, 1907, and in force July Ist, 1909, with no increase in premiums. 


This is the Greatest Benefit to Policyholders Ever 
Granted by The Prudential giv- 
ing More Life Insurance for 
the Money Than Any Similar 
Policy Ever Before Issued. 


HAS THE © py ie 
STRENGTH OF j; 
» GIBRALTAR $' 
pe o You want the Best in Life Insurance at 

the Lowest Cost, write to The Prudential 


| for it. State age. :Address Dept. 15 


The Prudential Insurance Company of America 
Incorporated asa Stock Company by the State of New Jersey 


JOHN F. DRYDEN, President Home Office, NEWARK, N. J. 


For Liquor and 
Drug Using 


THE eeley 


re A scientific remedy which has been 
U i eC skilfully and successfully administered by 
medical specialists for the past 29 years 

|= — 


AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES: | 


Hot Springs, Ark. Dwight, Mm. Portland, Me. Buffalo, N. ¥. Pittsburg, Pa. 
a pobre Ind. Grand Rapids, Mich., White Plains, N. Y. 4246 Fifth Ave. 


Denver, Col Plainfield, Ind. 265 S. College Av- Columbus, Ohio. Providence, &. I. 

est Haven, Conn. Des Moines, Ia. Kansas City, Mo. Portland, Oregon. Toronto, Ont., Canada. 

Washington, D. C., Crab Orchard, Ky. St. Louis, Mo. Philadelphia, Pa. Winnipeg. Manitoba. 
211 N. Capitol St. Lexington, Mass. Manchester, N. H. 812 N. Broad St. London, England. 


Oe eee 


E HAVE had much success from sowing 

in late summer seeds of certain plants, 

viz., mignonette, phlox, nasturtiums, petunias, 

sweet alyssum, pansy, candytuft, morning-glory, 

Chinese primrose and even sweet peas, gladiolus and 
dahlias, to be “‘lifted” for bloom indoors. 

By starting seeds in flower pots in the garden it 
is possible to provide sifted soil. The pots can be 
plunged in any convenient spot, or moved from place 
to place as desired. The “plunging” supplies a 
more even temperature and moisture than if the 
pots were left standing on the surface. When 
cultivating the rest of the garden it is an easy matter 
to stop occasionally and attend to the “lifted gar- 
den.” Water and liquid manure can be applied 
with much less waste than if the plants were simply 
sowed in the border. The plants are supposedly 
started in the pots to be “‘lifted” later, but in case 
they are wanted for transplanting, the potting makes 
it an easy task to move them without injuring the 
roots. The pots also keep insect enemies from the 
roots. In case of unduly hot weather or dry winds 
the pots can be grouped and protected with a screen 
or windbreak. It is well to set them on a bed of 
coal ashes when “plunging,” as this has a tendency 
to discourage roots striking through the holes in the 
flower pots. 

The wise gardener will always have compost soil 
in readiness for the time when he starts his seed 
for “lifted” plants. Sod, three inches thick, 
placed grass side down and covered with half the 
thickness of cow manure, and repeated till the heap 


September Ist is not too late to plant seed of 
phlox for indoor bloom. Start the seed in 5-inch 
pots. Do not allow the seedlings to dry out 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


is sufficiently large, is one of the best composts for 
flowers. Decaying will be hastened by keeping the 
heap moist. It will take several months for this 
mixture to decay properly, but when it is ripe enough 
to crumble fine it will be worth its weight in gold, 
so far as flower food is concerned. Jf used for 
potting, one-third sand or sifted coal ashes should be 
added; and if leafmold is accessible, it will be all 
the better if the mixture contains one-third of that. 
On August 5th we planted gladiolus bulbs in a 
box that measured six inches in depth and less than 
afoot square. ‘The box was sunk in the earth in the 
flower garden; the plants made good growth and 
by October 21st were in bud. At that time there 
was danger of frost, so the box of gladiolus was 
placed in an enclosed shed and later brought into 
the house, where the flowers bloomed as well as if 
they had been planted earlier in the season in the 
garden. The last flower faded on December 4th. 
Nasturtiums sowed outdoors on August 5th 
bloomed before frost. Some were planted in a 
pot, purposely for lifting. The pot was plunged in 


When growing sweet alyssum as a “‘lifted’’ plant, 
induce a stocky growth or the flowers will not 
amount to much. Be careful not to overwater 


the garden and was brought in before frost had a 
chance to damage the plant. It gave scattering 
bloom all winter. 

We experimented with ricinus, sowing the seed at 
the same time as the others, and in a flower-pot 
to facilitate lifting. ‘The plants made a good start 
and maintained a height of about a foot and a half 
all winter. The foliage kept very green and fresh 
and the plants constantly sent out new leaves. 
Tt is an inexpensive foliage plant for window gar- 
dens and is easy to grow. This, too, is sensitive to 
frost, and has to be removed from the garden before 
the weather becomes too cold. 

About September 1st is a good time to start 
alyssum, mignonette, petunia, phlox, morning- 
glory and dwarf sweet peas. Fill clean 5-inch pots 
with the compost soil, then sprinkle a few seeds 
in each. Cover with a half inch or less of soil and 
press firmly. Do not let the seedlings dry out, and 
when they are an inch or two high pull out all but 
the three or four best plants in the group. Induce 
a healthy, stocky growth or the flowers will not be 
satisfactory. Do not overwater. 

Asters have been found satisfactory if started in 
June or July and dahlias by August first. 

New York. I. M. ANGELL. 


A Summer House in a Tree 


HY not build stairs up into an old tree where 

there isa good view? Mr. Stanley Mortimer 

has a solitary oak at Roslyn, L. I., from which there 

is a grand outlook. ‘There is a little hill near by 

and a bridge leads from it to a platform in the 
foliage. In this case no steps were necessary. 


AueustT, 1909 


At the Height of the Season 


eee is the best time for rooting cut- 
_ tings from old geranium plants. 

‘he asparagus beds should be well fertilized with 
well decayed compost. Keep the beds free from 
weeds by frequent and shallow cultivation. 

Sow seed of early bush beans during the month 
for continued bearing until frost, which, in middle 
Georgia, usually occurs from the first to the middle 
of November. 

Try watering eggplants, tomatoes, pepper, and 
cucumbers with liquid manure.* It will more than 
doubly repay, with larger and better fruit, for the 
trouble in preparing it. Get a 30-gallon barrel and 
put four or five shovelsful of cow or horse manure 
into it. Fill it three-quarters full of water and stir 
well. Apply it to the plants late in the evening two 
or three times a week, from one to two gallons to 
each plant being sufficient for each application. 
This can also be used for watering chrysanthemum 
plants. 

The southern farmer has a better chance to take 
a vacation trip during this month than at any other 
time, as there is less work to be done on the farm 
now than during any other month. 

The gardeners who save their own seed should 
gather them and store in a safe place. I save my 
own lima bean and melon seed, but find it more 
satisfactory to buy all other vegetable seed, 
as they are purer than any I can save, and very 
cheap. 

During the last part of the month sow seed of 
early peas for use in the late fall. 

Keep the chrysanthemums pruned, and if large, 
fine flowers are wanted do not allow more than one 
or two flowers to a plant. 

A light dressing of nitrate of soda spread over the 
lawn just before a good rainfall will promote a 
rapid, healthy growth of grass. 

Every home gardener who desires a small green- 
house should read THE GARDEN MacGaziINnE for 
August, 1908, pages 15 and 17. Small greenhouses 
are getting more popular each year with the better 
class of farmers and suburban gardeners in the 
South. If you intend building one, start work dur- 
ing this month, so as to have it ready for starting 
some plants the last of next month. 

Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED. 


Increasing Gladiolus 


HE best way to increase a stock of gladiolus is by 
encouraging natural increase by planting as 
early as possible and nipping off the flower buds as 
soon as they show. Generally speaking good potato 
land will grow good gladioli, but some varieties like 
more sandy soils and some are slower than others in 
the production of cormels. These little corms must 
be planted out again the succeeding year and 
thus grown on to flowering size. 

Dividing the corms for propagation is not generally 
advantageous, although it can be done, taking care 
to keep one eye toeach piece. Better rely on natural 
increase brought about by good cultivation. 

Gladiolus Kelwayi is a very early flowering group 
and bears a general resemblance to Gandavensis and 
was raised by crossing G. Gandavensis with G. tristis 
and other early-blooming species. It is extremely 
unlikely that it will ever be very popular in America 
because it does not reproduce itself according to 
trials that have been made by Dr. Van Fleet and at 
the Botanic Garden, Washington. Dr. Van Fleet 
reports, indeed, that the corms are likely to disappear 
the first year. 


AucusT, 1909 THE 


SIMPLEST 
CREAM SEPARATOR 


This picture shows the extreme simplicity, 
lightness and durability of the sanitary Shar- 
ples Dairy Tubular Cream Separator bowl. 
Easily washed thoroughly in three minutes. 
In the right hand is the bowl—as smooth inside 
as out. On the little finger is the dividing wall, 
the only piece used inside the Dairy Tubular 
bowl. The other piece is the bowl bottom. 
Tubular Cream Separator sales exceed most, 
if not all, others combined. World’s biggest 
separator factory. Branch factories in Canada 
and Germany. Write for catalog No. 215. 


THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 


West Chester, Pa. Chicago, Tl. 
Toronto, Canada San Francisco, Cal. 
Winnipeg, Canada Portland, Ore. 


This chest is the most classic 

and elegant article of furniture ever pro- | 
duced by the arts and crafts in beautifulRed __ my various styles 
Cedar wood. Itisseverely simplein design, is solid, = and prices. 

and massively bound with broad bands of heavily studded 

copper. Made throughout of fragrant, mountain-grown Southern Red 
Cedar. Absolutely moth, dust and damp proof, positively preserving woolens, 
plumes and furs, in their original condition, and is precisely the thing for 
wedding and birthday gifts. Shipped direct to home, freight prepaid, at 
low factory prices, with privilege of return without cost if unsatisfactory. 
Write at once for catalog of numerous styles and prices. 


4 
PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 8 Statesville, N. C. 


The New England Nurseries, Inc. 


BEDFORD, MASS. 


HIGH GRADE FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, 
SHRUBS, ROSES AND HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS 


Tllustrated General Catalog FREE. 


TRADE MARK 


An Absolutely New. Idea * 


A rat-killer—very effective, ready to use, not 
inflammable, and the only one safe to handle, 
because if accidentally taken, small quantities are 

Harmless to Human Beings 
Made in form of squash seeds, the rats’ favorite 
food. The rats do not die in the house, but rush 
for the open air and water. Will not poison dogs, 
cats or hens. 

20 cents at your druggists’, or sent pre- 

paid for 25 cents in stamps or coin. 


FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 
100 William Street New York City 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 9 
information about foreign travel ol 


THIS GREENHOUSE YOU WILL LIKE 


What makes us think so, is because it is such 
an attractive, thoroughly practical little house, 
and one that can be adapted to most any lo- 
cation, whether attached directly to your dwel- 
ling or placed independently. Besides it is priced 
right. Considering the fact that it is our regular 
Sectional Iron Frame Construction, the price is 
particularly low for so good a house. We will 
send it ‘‘knock down fashion,’’? ready for 


LORD & BURNHAM CO. 


Chickering Pianos 


SVEN ION TOO Hex (CAE IN TN IE ONC OLTD: 
Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


FREE ON APPLICATION 


Write immediately for our unique Catalogue of Daffodils 
and Tulips, the finest collection in Europe. 
Early orders secure best bulbs. 


W. B. HARTLAND & SONS, BULB GROWERS 
ARD CAIRN NURSERIES 
CORK, IRELAND 


Ballintemple 


Sold by the 


folds of the leaf. 


Mr. Benjamin Hammond. 


TRADE MAHK 


For Cabbage Worms, Etc. 


The Cabbage Worm has spread wherever 
cabbage is grown. 
bage or late cabbage, in garden or field, 
it perforates the plant, and is of all 
worms one of the most disgusting, to find hidden away in the 
SLUG SHOT is the remedy to apply. 


immediate erection, or come and put it up for 
you, whichever you like. 

But one thing is certain —youcan’t put its price 
into anything else that will give you half the 
continued (note that word continued) satisfaction, 
and right down good healthy fun. It is one of the 
few hobbies that yearly increases your enthusiasm. 
If you want such a greenhouse, let us know and we 
will send you printed matter giving all particulars. 


IRVINGTON, N. Y. 
New York Philadelphia 


oston Chicago 


”, Our free booklets, etc. tell whp. 
Peters serecoteseecloy Please 


ILLETT’S 


Hardy Ferns and Flowers 
For Dark, Shady Places 


Send for my descriptive catalogue 
of over 50 pages, which tells about 
this class of plants. It’s free, 


Seed Dealers 


Whether early cab- 


Medicine for Cabbage 


Seeds and Plants, 400 Maple Avenue, 
Elizabeth, N. J., July 6, 1908, 


Dear Sir: Please send me soon as it is convenient, by R. R. Freight, 
one bbl. SLUG SHOT in bulk. Our Italian gardeners have invented a 
new but nevertheless appropriate name for 
this commodity in calling it meEppiIs for 
CAPPYS, meaning medicine for cabbage. 

Very truly yours 
CARL HOFFACKER. 


For Pamphlet on ‘“‘Bugs and Blight’? Worth 


Having write to 


Hammond’s Slug-Shot Works 


FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK 


‘*Cattle Comfort’’ 


EDWARD GILLETT,BOX C SOUTHWICK, MASS. _ 


The Readers’ Service will gi 
32 information about motor boas THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Half a mile for twelve years 


A customer writes us: “JI have much pleasure in giving expression to my unqual- 
ified appreciation of your Hot-Air Engine. I have used the same engine (6-inch Rider) 


for twelve years, and the fact that it pumps water 2500 feet is sufficiently indicative of its 
power.” 


Remember that these pumps are not steam- 
engines, but machines of low power which 
cannot explode, operated solely by hot air, 
automatic in their action, requiring no skilled 
attention, so simple that any servant or far- 
mer’s boy can start and stop the little flame 
that gives them life. The cost of operation is 
almost nil, while the delivery of water is abso- 
lutely certain at all times and seasons. 


Our friend’s experience is valuable as showing 
that no matter if the source of supply be at a 
distance, the Hot-Air Pump will deliver 
water just as satisfactorily in any home. His 
experience should also appeal to every dweller 
on high ground, who may be somewhat re- 
mote from a well, a spring, or running brook, 
for a ‘Hot-Air Pump will bring his supply from 
the valley continuously and in abundance for 
a long period of years. “2500 feet for twelve 
years” means a great deal of water, a great Perenrechat “REECO-AIDER is HeECO-FRICSSON 
deal of time, and a great deal of comfort. It appears upon the pump you purchase. "his SOE protects you 
also means that during a dozen years the against wont less imitations. When so situated that you can- 
personally inspect the pump before ordering, write to our 
owner has had no reason to change servants, nearest office (see list below) for the name of a fepusile 
so far as the pumping of his water supply is dealer in your locality, who will sell you only _ 
concerned. He 1s satisfied. 


the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use 
Write for catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. 


throughout the world today. 
RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE Co. 


(Also builders of the new ‘‘ Reeco”’ Electric Pump.) 


35 Warren Street, New York 40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 234 West Craig Street, Montreal. P. Q. = 
239 Franklin Street, Boston 40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia . 22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. HOT-AIR PUMP 


BOSTROM’S $1522 FARM LEVEL 


With Magnifying Glasses In The Telescope = = = 


enables you to read the Target at a distance of over 

400 yards, therefore the ‘problem of a FARM \ 
LEVEL with TELESCOPE at moderate cost has & “ 
at last been solved. Voluntary letters from every State in the Union Seas ie Complete 
show the complete satisfaction it gives for all kinds of DRAINAGE @{kZiDEE3 Paden Sev 
WORK, IRRIGATION, DITCHING, TERRACING and ST Eons, Toes 
every sort of farm work requiring a Level. Guaranteed to be abso- ° 
lutely SIMPLE, ACCURATE, DURABLE and dependable in every 
respect. NOW is the time to send in your order. 


BOSTROM-BRADY MFG. CO. 


154 MADISON AVENUE ATLANTA, GA. Y 
GF 


FP 
>" 
<— 


C.0.D. $15.00 

_and express 
charges. 

; Subject to 

Examina- 

_ tion. _ 


Independence Hall 


“The Cradle of Liberty” 
in Philadelphia 


Is painted with a modern Oxide of Zinc 
paint. Other materials were tried and found 
unsatisfactory, because they would not hold 
their color and because they "chalked." 
Oxide of Zinc Paint is the only kind of 


paint that retains its original color and lustre. 


: Does your paint contain Oxide of Zinc? 


Oxide of Zinc is unalterable The New Jersey Zinc Co. 
even under the blowpipe National City Bank Building 
55 Wall Street, New York 


We do not grind Oxide of Zinc in oil. 


A list of manufacturers of Oxide of Zinc paints mailed on request. 


anywhere 


AvGust, 1909 


How the English Cultivate 
Mulleins 


E miss a lot of “fun” as well as beauty by 
having only one point of view toward 
“weeds.” The farmer has nothing but contempt 
for mulleins. Yet I saw at least twenty different 
species of them cultivated in English gardens last 
summer, and they have been many times pictured 


- in the leading horticultural papers. 


I do not advocate planting mulleins along the 
roadside or propagating them in any community 
where they are a nuisance, but I wish I could make 
people who have to see them every day open their 
eyes to the beauty of them. 

Of course, the common mullein is shabby when 
out of bloom, and I must admit it is the least 
attractive of the species in cultivation because 
its blooming is scattered over toc long a period, 
and the flowers: are inconspicuous. But the 
woolly rosette of leaves is beautiful, especially after 


Puan RR ye Se kaos RON Cte Ne i Nica WAR Me eee eS 


ae ps Seo UI 


The moth mullein, so called because it attracts 
interesting moths. One of the most beautiful and 
least offensive mulleins 


The Readers’ Service will gi 
AUGUST ’ 1909 Ay H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N E Benga RUBINO BGAie 33 


Mae EV Sole NIaI=) ‘ 


[SRNR ASS Teta ates] 
3) RY 
mr Fe 


FOR 


“ “AND CLOSED ee i 
AT THE BOTTOM 
PRIVACY 


Burlington | 
Venetian Blinds 


Made for both windows and 

porches; make a room or ver- 

anda so shady and cool that you’ 
find it delightfully comfortable, 

even on the hottest day. Shut 
out the sun, while admitting the 
refreshing breezes. Adjustable | 
to any angle, from open to closed, 

to suit the angle and direction of 
the sun’s rays. 


Keep The Tank 


Throw Away the Tower 


HAT’S what you do when you install a Kewanee 
System of Water Supply ! 


The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the 
ground or located in the cellar—there is no elevated 
or attic tank to freeze, over-flow, leak or collapse— 

and the water is delivered by air pressure 
evenly and abundantly to all fixtures. Tem- 
perate in winter and cool in summer. 


| 
Every country or suburban home can be 
provided with all the sanitary conveniences 


a 


Dey 
Nw 


Made to order only—any wood, 

any finish, Send for free catalog. 

BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND COMPANY, - 
327 Lake Street, Burlington, Vt., 


A 


and comforts of the best city water system with 


> The Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 


which ten years of practical experience and technical 
ae knowledge of trained experts has made the most perfect, 
ie the most practical of all water supply systems. 


Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful ) 
Operation supplying water for country and suburban : 
residences, clubs, farms, schools, public and private | 
institutions, villages, ete. The Kewanee System is 
not an imitation—is not a substitute. It is the ] 


No Night Fireman Needed 
WITH THIS ONLY SELF-FEEDING HEATER 


KA The Wilks Hot Water Heater furnishes the 
o safest, easiest, cheapest way to provide heat and 
hot water at all times for farm buildings, garages, 
cottages, poultry houses, brooders, green-houses, 
golf and yacht clubs, etc., and is the oly 
heater that feeds itself. Improved coal mag- 

@ azine keeps an even fire ro hours. 


Wilks Heaters 


eee oe iene seen ane original water supply system involving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. iH] 
sizes, prices, etc. State full particulars and we will Avoid cheap imitations. Look for our trade mark and name plates on tanks and pumping 1 
: 


recommend the best heater for your needs, and guar- 
antee it to give satisfaction if installed according 
to our directions. 
S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 
3545 Shields Avenue, Chicago 


machinery. Get the genuine and you willtake no chances—we guarantee that. 


Kewanee Pumping Outfits 


Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished ; { 
for any ener pUnpIng edu mente ane . . 

‘ same technical skill and practical knowledge ee i : 
LOOK OUT required to develop and perfect complete . 


FOR SPARKS Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution 


No more danger or damage from flying of individual pumping problems. 
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- ie = 5 
place screens. Send for free booklet No charge for expert engineering service. Let us 
Pobaxksifrom) the) Eire side. jy Ittells about help you solve your water problem. Write for our 
the best kind of a spark guard for your in- 64-page illustrated catalogue No. 16. _ It is free. 


dividual fireplace. Write to-day and make 
your plans early. 


| ZA The Syracuse Wire Works Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 
o l] : % 103 University Avenue, = Syracuse, N. Y. 1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, ll. 


ST 1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, 


STRAWBERRY PLANTS minal Building, 


Send for Price List a B08 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. | 
J. M. THORBURN & CO., Psi 
33 Barclay Street New York 


“| 


1500 to $5000 a Year 


has been made by hundreds 
of people operating the 


“American” Drilling Machines 


There is no business in the world where a few hun- 
dred dollars investment, combined with a 
little energy, will obtain a competency so 
surely or quickly as the operation of an 
“American”? Well Machine. 40 year’s expe- 
rience and so regular styles and sizes make 
K\ them the world’s standard. 


Complete New Catalog FREE 


The American Well Works 


Gen’! Office & Works, Aurora, Ill. 
First National Bank Building, Chicago 


R PUMP & SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 


Plant for Immediate Effect 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 


Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty 
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. iI 


We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that 
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. 


Andorra Nurseries 
WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


REINECKE, WAGNE 


The Readers’ Service will give you injfor- 
34 mation about leading hotels anywhere 


THE GARDEN 


"|Z 
When You Buy Hose Buy RUBBER HOSE / Ps 
ry bats the only kind of hose that 


will wear. And because a hose has a rubber cover 
don’t think it is necessarily rubber inside. The usual //// 
hose is canvas daubed with rubber cement and | | 
wrapped around a mandrel. If 
The finest hose in the world is 


Electric Garden Hose “%® 


Here is how it’s made. A series of woven jackets 
in one piece of high-test cotton fabric alternating with 
layers of fine grade rubber. The whole vulcanized 
into one solid seamless piece. 400 lbs. water pressure 
Wwon’t burst it. You can buy any length up to 500 feet. 

That construction makes Electric wear twice as 
long as any other hose. Isn’t it wortha cent or two 

more not to begin to patch and repair before the 
© season is half over? 

Before you spend a penny on hose ask your 
hardware dealer or seedsman to show you 


cs 


Ww. 
y 


RNAS 


Electric Heme a 
Electric Hose & Rubber Co. Pe a 


esis 


Wilmington, Del. 


Mor 


Muy 

S Ms a 
Que inggety pe 
Ss! zl 


Place a sundial in your garden or 
on your lawn and it will return an 
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment. 
Write us for free booklet of 


Superintendent of parks and _ public 


grounds wanted for a Texas city of 


60,000 population. * 


Salary $1,500 to 
State experience and _ salary 


Write 


$1,800. 
expected and give references. 


XYZ, Garden Magazine. 


Sundial Information 
Chas. G. Blake & Co. 
787 Womans Temple, Chicago, Ill. 


Reveal LOW us to send you 

€4 without charge this little 
portfolio showing com- 
position stone ornaments such 
as sun dials, benches, fountains, 
vases, etc., suitable for the large 
estate or small garden. 


It will tell you how to make your garden a delight- 
ful outdoor living room and also offer you in the con- 
venience of your home a wide selection of garden 
accessories. You can select garden accessories from 
this portfolio as confidently and_ satisfactorily as if 
you were at the Garden Studio, 647 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. 

We have long made a specialty of the most classic and beautiful accessories for mak- 
ing the country place more attractive or the small garden an outdoor living room. 

This firm also makes a specialty of interior decoration of churches, libraries, 
residences and public buildings. Address Garden Department, 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 
647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. 


MAGAZINE 


Aveust, 1909 


The common mullein which farmers despise but 
which is cultivated in English wild gardens chiefly 
for its large rosettes of beautiful woolly leaves 


rain. Indeed, most of the species cultivated in 
English wild gardens are valued quite as much for 
the leaves as for the flowers. Verbascums, or 
mulleins, are a race of biennial plants which form 
a rosette of leaves the first year and throw up a 
flower-stalk the second. 

The showiest of the mulleins is the Olympian 
(V. Olympicum), which has the great advantage 
of condensing its bloom into three weeks. It 
attains the great height of from six to ten feet 
and is the noblest of the candelabrum type. Unfor- 
tunately, this species is likely to damp off in winter 
unless well drained. Also, it does not bloom until 
the third year. 

The mullein that undoubtedly has the widest 
range of color is the purple mullein (V. pheniceum, 
now available in purple, violet, rose, pink, lilac, 
and white. 

I wish that someone would try verbascums for 
wild gardening in America. It would not cost 
much, because the seeds can be imported without 
duty from English dealers, and when the plants are 
once established, they ought to self-sow. 

But to return’ to the roadside. Please notice 
what a great variation there is in the common 
mullein — the inflorescence dense or lax, simple 
or branched, the flowers large or small, and the 
wool dense or loose. There are ten different 
varieties of this plant in cultivation in English 
gardens. 

Also, I hope you will look especially this summer 
and fall for the moth mullein, which has larger 
flowers and looser inflorescence, and is said to 
attract many interesting and beautiful moths. 
The accompanying picture shows that it is a plant 
of no mean beauty. 


Maryland. M. D. MarsHALt. 


A Substitute for Garden Gloves 


OR those who find that the usual leather 
gloves worn when gardening are too clumsy for 
handling seedlings rubber finger-tips will be found 
an excellent substitute. They protect the finger 
nails, and are so thin that the wearer is barely 
conscious of having them on. They may be bought 
in various sizes. Rubber gloves are also an excel- 
lent substitute for leather ones. 


New Jersey. M. D. 


eee 


AuGaustT, 1909 


= "| ry What is a jair rental for a given pis 
ae H E G A R D K N M A G A Z I N K property? Ask the Readers? iat € apy 


The Capitol’ 


Lawn Trimmer 


Why you should buy it 


Ist. It has had five years’ test on 
thousands of lawns—it is no experi- 
ment. 


2d. The shield over cylinder pro- 
tects flowers—no other has it. 


3d. The steel disk turf edger gives 
two machines at the price of one. 


4th. We originated the trimmer idea 
—our “ Capitol’’ is the pioneer — 
others are simply imitations. 
The ‘‘Capitol”’ takes the grass the 
lawn mower leaves. The edger 
trims your turf edges. 


Price with Edger, $6.00 
without, $5.50 


Send fur Catalogue ‘‘C’’ 
iin GRANITE SOTATE 


MowiInc MACHINE Co. 
Hinsdale, N. H. 


Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks 


ow. 
That’s all that is necessary if you use the time-saving, 
labor-saving. all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof 
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box 
You will have better, hardier, longer lived plants. Our 
box is for indoor or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d 
on 30 days’ FREE Trial. Descriptive booklet FREZ. 


ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill. 


The Tree Preserver 


Save your fruit trees! Killall SAN JOSE SCALE, WHITE FLY, worms, 
insects, scab or fungi, by spraying thoroughly with 2 


Good’s “Wise di" Soap No. 3 


It is sure death to all enemies of vegetation. Contains no salt, sulphur, § 
or mineral oils to injure or poison the tenderest trees, plants or shrubs. 
The potash and fish oil are active fertilizers, and enrich the soil. The } 
soap dissolves easily in water, and sprays perfectly. 

Used and endorsed by State Experiment Stations and by the 


U. S. Department of Agriculture 
50 lbs., $2.50; 100 Ibs., $4.50; larzer quantities proportionately less. 
Write to-day for free ‘‘ Manual of Plant Life.” 
Dy. JAMES GOOD 
Original Maker 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia 


Nie dhere 6s nor 
ey Car-ged amd Siicccaliped rm 


Women’s Store 
jewelry Store Furnishing and Decoration Book Store 
Housewares Basement Pianoforte Salons Sporting-Goods Store 


INTERNATIONAL MAIL ORDER SERVICE 


Galleries Men’s Store 


THREE INVITATIONS 
TO HOME LOVERS 


4/HO, among the countless visitors to the Wanamaker Stores, 
can forget the first view of the Galleries of Furnishing and 
Decoration, and the quick, delicious feeling of surprise, in 
the superbly appointed Piano Salons, the exhibits of a long 
perspective of the world’s famous Pianos and the daily 
concerts in the great Auditorium; the pleasing sense of nov- 
elty in the beautiful Ceramic Galleries, Crystal Alcoves, Picture and Art 
Salons; the joyful consciousness of entering on a long anticipated pleasure 
in the splendid Drapery Gallery, the three vast Furniture Galleries, and 
the famous ‘‘House Palatial,’’ whose Furnishing Arts exhibits delight the 
senses and thrill the hearts of A MILLION AND A HALF VISITORS 
ANNUALLY! 


(1) Those who will be in New York during vacation season are cordially invited to be our 
guests, and mingle with the home lovers, from all over the country, who find the Galleries’ 
displays so eloquent in suggestion and inspiration in the 
Home-Making Arts; and to revel in the displays in the 
Women’s Store—the old A. T. Stewart Building. 


(2) Those who are unable to visit us, and who will write, will 
be mailed (without charge, postpaid) a copy of the daintily 
illustrated Wanamaker “GUIDE BOOK,” which tells all 
about both stores, the latest fashions in Home Furnishing and 
Women’s and Men’s Apparel, and describes our various cata- 
logues and folios, our system of sending samples, and the 
Correspondence Advisory Bureau of the Wanamaker Inter- 
national Mail Order Service. 


The Chippendale Tea Table, here illustrated, is taken 
from our folio of “FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” and is 


one of four hundred and fifty-one pieces, therein shown. 


(3) ‘Those who have a room—or house—to decorate and fur- 
nish, and who will send us a rough sketch, or blue print, will 
receive samples, color schemes, pictures of furniture, sug- 
gestions and estimates, if they will address our “DECORA- 
TIVE ADVISORY BUREAU,” Section H—no charge for this 


The ‘‘Rushbrooke” Tea Table 
No. 366, Solid Mahogany 


$48.00 service. Send communications to the New York Store. 
JOHN WANAMAKER 
Philadelphia NEW YORK Paris 


Pot Grown Strawberry Plants 


for years one of my leading specialties. I offer 
this season a select list of more than twenty vari- 
eties of strong, vigorous, certain-bearing plants 
that may be depended upon to produce a full 
crop of large, luscious berries next season if 
planted during July and August. Write today 
for free, illustrated, descriptive price list. 


POMONA NURSERIES, Palmyra, N. J. 


The Readers’ Service will give you 
36 suggestions for the care of livestock 


THE GARDEN 


PAINT TALKS—No. 7 
Painting Floors 


When one thinks of the scraping and scuffing 
a floor is subjected to, and then considers how 
fine a paint film is, he wonders that porch or 
kitchen floors ever look well. 

Certainly, none of the cheap paints of chalky, 
brittle composition can be expected to stand 
the constant friction—and they do not. The 
very best pure white lead and pure linseed oil 
are absolutely necessary. The white lead 
should be tinted to some neutral color, and a 
hard foundation laid by adding some turpen- 
tine to the white lead and linseed oil. 

If you will describe your floor (kind of wood, 
whether or not previously painted, etc.) we will 
send exact directions for painting it. 

For general painting information, send for 
our House-owners’ Painting Outfit V. It in- 
cludes color schemes (illustrated) and instru- 
ment for detecting adulteration in material— 
an instrument our white lead (Dutch Boy 
Painter trade-mark) does not fear. 


_ Buy of your local dealer if possible. If he hasn’t 
it do not accept something else, but write our 
nearest office, 


for sale through dealers only. 


NATIONAL LEAD 
COMPANY 


An office in each of the 
following cities : 
New York, Boston, Buffalo, Cincin- 
nati, Chicago, Cleveland, St. Louis, 
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Company. 
Philadelphia), (National Lead & Oil 
Company, Pittsburgh). 


When you clean up 

Lawn and Garden 

have a convenient 

\ See cart for moving 

(2 We Bi rubbish, leaves, 
=k tools, etc. 


Lawn Carts 


66 2 b] 
Triumph 
are built especially for such work. 

Wide Tires, Removable Rack, Drop End, Box 


Braced and Reinforced Steel Springs 
Painted and varnished. Not flimsy or poorly made. 
Write for complete description and price list. It is Free. We pre- 
pay freight where we have no dealer carrying ‘‘ Triumph”’ carts in 
stock. Money back for any reason. 

Utica, N. Y. 


Swartwout & Mott, Dept. 6, 


What is a “Cord” of Wood? 


S EVERYONE knows a cord of wood is a 
pile eight feet long, four feet wide and four 
feet long, or 128 cubic feet, no matter whether 
the sticks are long or short, straight or crooked, 
round or split, unless there is an understanding 
to the contrary. But contrary to the common 
belief, there are many times when a cord of wood 
is less than a cord, and, again, when it is 
more. 

Woodlot owners and farmers owning small 
forest tracts who intend to sell cordwood are no less 
interested than contractors who buy and sell large 
quantities. It is surprising how much difference 
it makes whether the wood is cut long or short, 
chopped or sawed, whether the sticks are round 
or split, large or small, and whether the measure- 
ments are made while the wood is green or after 
it is seasoned. 

A lumberman may have a tract of pulpwood 
which he contracts to sell at $5, the wood to 
be cut and stacked. He cuts it in 12-foot 
lengths, makes 200 cords, and receives $1,000 
for it. The same amount of wood, if cut in 4-foot 
lengths, would have made but 176 cords, for which 
he would have received $880, and there would 
have been considerable additional labor in the 
cutting. While it was thus to the owner’s advan- 
tage to cut the wood in the larger size, the buyer 
paid $120 more for the same amount of wood 
than if it had been cut in the smaller lengths. 

It is always best to saw the wood, for the loss 
is scarcely half of xz per cent. If chopped, the 
chips are lost; in a cord of 4-foot wood, with 
sticks 6 inches in diameter, this loss amounts to 
from 6 to 8 per cent.; and, of course, the shorter 
the sticks are cut the greater is the loss. 

The difference due to spaces between the sticks 
depends very much on their shape and size. Straight 
smooth sticks lie close together, and a cord there- 
fore contains more wood and less air. Whatever 
the kind of wood used, cords of long sticks are 
pretty sure to contain more empty space than 
cords made of short pieces. A cord (128 feet) 
of 4-foot hardwood usually contains about 83 
cubic feet of solid wood; 3-foot wood averages 
834 cubic feet; 2-foot wood, 84 feet; 1-foot wood, 
85 feet. Cords of conifers and softwoods usually 
contain from go to 96 cubic feet. Thus the pur- 
chaser buys on an average about two-thirds of a 
cord of real wood and one-third of space. 

According to the reports of timber-testing 
engineers in the United States Forest Service, wood 
may lose half or more its green weight in season- 
ing. Cedar for lead pencils is bought by weight 
in this country, because the pieces are so small 
and of such irregular size that they cannot con- 
veniently be stacked and measured as cordwood. 
The bulk of nearly all wood decreases as seasoning 
goes on. A hundred cords of green wood will 
make from eighty-nine to ninety-three cords when 
dry. Therefore, when buying wood by the weight 
be sure that you get what you pay for. 

Washington, D. C. B. F. 


, 


Fe BNCK YAR 


oe 


Killing Aphis on Asters 


PSCeaeey seven out of every ten people who 

undertake the growing of asters fail utterly. 
The complaint is generally the same — the leaves 
turn yellow and the blossoms are very insignificant. 
This condition is caused by the green aphis which 


MAGAZINE 


AUGUST, 1909 


There is no doubt about 
what is in 


Genasco 
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It is Trinidad Lake Asphalt. We 
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AveusT, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The Readers’ Service will give a 
information about automobiles 3 


Grow 
Chestnuts 


Like This en 
For Profit, ax 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 
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A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
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The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
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_ Price list H 29 


HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. 
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P e The best in the world. 
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STRAWBERRIES 


Plant pedigree pot-grown Strawberries during July, August and Septem- 
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38 


21 = 
E™ A selected list of the newer kinds of aN 
strawberries that have been tested at 
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the older sorts are fully described in 


DREER’S | 
Mid-Summer Catalogue | 


Also the best varieties of Celery, Cabbage 
Plants, ete. 
A most complete list of the Best Hardy 
Perennial Seeds for summer sowing. 
Also vegetable and farm seeds for summer 
+ and fall sowing. Select list of seasonable 
i, decorative and flowering plarts. 
i Write for a copy and kindly 


mention this magazine—PREE. 


[}\ HENRY A. DREER PHILADELPHIA 


= B. Shredded or 
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Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No 
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—— | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 
: 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago 


A Mess at all seasons 


f . of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar 
= i) 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your 


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Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. 


WINCHESTER 
HEATERS 


SAVE COAL BILLS 
Warmest houses in the coldest 
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The Readers’ Service will give you 
‘ information about automobiles 


THE GARDEN 


AuGusT, 1909 


Asters from the bed in which moth balls were 
planted to kill the aphis 


attacks the roots of the plants, but the roots will 
sometimes be eaten almost entirely away before 
the plants turn yellow. 

If asters stop growing one might as well investi- 
gate, for aphis will almost certainly be found. If 
not too nearly destroyed, the plants may be saved 
by washing the roots with strong soapsuds, putting 
a handful of fresh wood ashes around the roots 
when replanting. One year I saved a large bed 
by prompt application of this remedy. 

The next year I sowed the bed very thickly with 
moth balls, poking them into the earth to a depth 
of almost four inches. This was fairly successful. 

However, as I knew that bisulphide of carbon 
would drive away moles and had read that it 
would drive away ants, I therefore concluded to 
try it, for I reasoned if one can get rid of ants, 
there will not be any aphis. The druggist in- 
formed me that I would drive everybody 
out of the neighborhood, but I told him that I 
would risk it, as I had already tried it on the 
moles, who had departed, while the neighbors 
were still there. 

About two weeks before the asters were planted 
the earth was spaded and raked, and a furrow 
about six inches deep was dug along the entire 
length of the bed. A small portion of the liquid 
was poured into the furrow, the earth quickly 
thrown back and covered with boards. About 
ten cents’ worth of bisulphide of carbon most 
successfully exterminated ants and aphis. 

It is well to tie a thick cloth over the nose and 
mouth while at work, as the odor of the bisulphide 
is very disagreeable. 


Indiana. NELLIE COUTANT. 


The bed of asters treated with bisulphide of carbon. 
It had no effect upon the profusion of bloom 


MAGAZINE 


TIME APPROACHING 
Advance Word 


Purchase 
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from 

true 
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specialists 


WE GROW PEONIES 
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PEONIES| 


Get the greatest flower of our 
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Get your name down for new spe- 
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GEORGE H. PETERSON 
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST 
FAIR LAWN, N. J. 


FAIRFAX ROSES 


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Send for Free Book giving particulars and in- 
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3264 T. Western Avenue Chicago, IIl. 


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AUGUST, 1909 Mal ID GAR DEN M AGAZI N E aitly tothe cadens! Service 


1,000,000 Photographs 


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HE newest departure in publishing is the establish- 
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IN ADDITION the company has recently 
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Almost Any Garden Reader Can 
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IN AMERICA 


RUDYARD 


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From Sea to Sea 
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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Traffics and Discoveries 
It contains “They,” the most wide- 
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Life’s Handicap 
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Mr. Kipling’s first published 
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THE WORLD'S WORK (2) THe GARDEN 
MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &Co. NEw YORK. 


AveusT, 1909 


Origin of the Large-Flowered 
Clematis 


| (ge IS strange that horticultural books rarely or 

never give us, in plain, simple language, the 
inside truth about plants and thelive element in their 
history which is so fascinating and instructive 
when received from the lips of veterans in horti- 
culture. For example, it isan hour’s work to dig 
out of the books an explanation like the following: 

Probably the most popular kind of clematis is 
Clematis Jackmani which is the common purple 
flower that we see on porches everywhere in summer. 
If I were to give its pedigree now, it would only 
result in confusion. The important fact is that all 
the large-flowered varieties of clematis, like this, are 
derived more or less directly from the common 
Virgin’s bower (Clematis Vuticella) of Southern 
Europe and what may be called the Chinese or 
ever-blooming clematis (C. Janugimosa), the former 
parent having supplied the wealth of color while 
the latter has contributed the great size. 

This is the whole story in a nutshell, but a few 
particulars may be interesting. Clematis Viticella 
grows wild from southern Europe to Persia. It is 
found in blue, purple, and rosy colors and has four 
“etals,” in the language of common speech, but 
according to botanical theory, these are sepals as 
is often the case in the buttercup family (Ranun- 
culacez.) 

An important garden variety of it is Clematis 
Hendersonii, which has in it the blood of the entire- 
leaved clematis (C. integrifolia), which is an erect 
herb, not a vine, and has rather narrow, blue, 
leathery flowers. The only reason for mentioning 


INGEE ROSES Strong and thrifty. Sold on their own 

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The Dingee & Conard Co., Box 13, West Grove, Pa. 


SEEDS GROW 


If you want a copy of the 
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Leading American Seed 


Catalog,’’ for 1909, address BURPEE, Philadelphia 


More Potatoes with Less Labor 
If you raise potatoes in a small way, you can save time and money, and do away 
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is 6 


@ variety having Car- 


Clematis Madame Andre, 
mine-violet flowers, used as a porch vine 


AvGcustT, 1909 


ek ieee, ea, 
NO MATTER HOW LARG 
YOUR CLOTHES YARD IS 


—you need a Hill Dryer for convenience. 

The saving in space effected by the Hill Dryer is important 
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Tools and Implements for farm and garden are more popular 
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$100 


— mre un mer ore 
HIS MASTERS VOICE 


INCREASE THE YIELD OF 
YOUR GARDEN 


by using the IGOE TOMATO AND PLANT SUP- 
PORTS. They will mean a more abundant crop of 
' Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and 
success of your heavily flowered plants, such as 
Peonies, Dahlias, Golden Glow, Chrysanthemums, etc. 


MADE OF GALVANIZED IRON 
STRONG, LIGHT, DURABLE 


Height complete 5 . 34 inches 
of bottom section . 2A 
col AY, a: “ 
f top_ 3 12 
Diameter of circle 3 3 eee 


PRICES: 
memDozent i os) 2 plerD 
Per 50, $7.00; per 100, $12.50 

Send for Price List and Catalogue. 


IGOE BROTHERS 


67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y- 


THE MODEL 


TOMATO SUPPORT. 


THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


Ij you wish to purchase live-stock 
write the Readers’ Service 


4] 


Plant Hardy New England Grown Nursery Stock for the Home Grounds 


EVERGREENS in August 
PERENNIALS in September 


We grow both in great variety. Our Evergreens are several times transplanted and Herbaceous Perennials 
are strong field grown plants. 


THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, North Abington, Mass. 


Catalogue mailed free 


HIGH 


FOSTER sum RAMS 


Are guaranteed in writing to deliver so 
much water, to such and such a height, 
according to your demands, without 
trouble to you, or the full price and freight 
is refunded. No other ram can hack up 

such a liberal guaranty. 
os Send for Free Book 
and leam how to install, 
at low cost, the— 


Most Dependable 
ater-Supply System 


If you have a stream, pond or spring available this 
book will show you how to place the water where you 
want it with least trouble and expense. Write today. 


POWER SPECIALTY Co. 
2135 Trinity Bldg. 


New York. N. Y. 


Foliage and Shade 


Strokum is personally endorsed as the best band- 
ing substance in existence by John T. Withers, the 
prominent landscape architect and forester. 

When writing, please state the number of your 


For further particulars 


Prevent the Ravages of 


CATERPILLARS 


by the use of 


STROKUM 


Strokum is a specially prepared band- 
ing substance used to encircle trees. It 
is a vegetable compound (absolutely 
harmless to the tree itself and about 
same color as the bark) which effectu- 
ally prevents the climbing of caterpillars. 


Strokum does away with all unsightly 
girdles about trees and is an inconspicu- 
ous, reasonable and practical solution 
of the caterpillar problem. 


GEO. STRATFORD OAKUM CO. 


162 G Cornelison Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 


OUR CLIENT EXPRESSES HIMSELF AS MORE 
THAN PLEASED WITH OUR 


Road-Building, Grading, Seeding and 
Planting which amounted to 


SEVERAL THOUSAND DOLLARS 


We can refer you to many men of national 
reputation whom we have assisted by plans and 
plants. Your landscape work is safe in our 
hands, if you act now. We are obliged to turn 
away late orders every year. 


Landscape Dep't S, G. HARRIS, M. S. 


| 63 Hamilton Place TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 


trees and their average diameter; we can then give 
you an estimate on the amount of Strokum 
necessary to protect them and the 
total cost, including delivery charges. 


address 


The Readers’ Service gives informa- 
tion about real estate. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


AveusT, 1909 


ELSEY "an GENERATOR 


Residence at Lancaster, Pa. Heated 
with KELSEY System. W.L. Price, 
Philadelphia, Architect. 


20 to 30 per cent. 


schools. Kelsey agents everywhere. 


System of Heating 
2 Heats Every Room Alike 


Heats and Ventilates 


If you are a home builder you want the 
KELSEY in your new house because it is the 
most economical, most hygienic, most perfect 
heat giving apparatus ever devised for 


Home, School and Church Heating 


_ The great battery of Zig-Zag Heat Tubes gives more than double the heating surfaces of an 
ordinary furnace, circulates more than double the amount of fresh, properly warmed air in your 
house, gives an individual heat generator for a cold or exposed room, and reduces your coal bills 


Kelsey Heating is better in every way than steam or hot water. It costs less to install, less 
for fuel and repairs. No leaky, rattling pipes, no unsightly radiators, no stuffy air heated over and 
over. Kelsey heating is the right kind of heating for small houses or large houses, churches and 
35,000 sold in American homes. 


Kelsey Heating Co. 


Heats Economically 


Main Office 
116 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
New York Office 
156 R Fifth Avenue, New York 


Made in three sizes. Small 
size has only one prong. Send 
diameter of chair leg. 


Just drive into 
leg of chair. 


THE “HERON” 


WOOL CHAIR TIP 
ABSOLUTELY NOISELESS 


For use on chairs wherever there are bare 
floors. Prevents marring of the floor and =n 
is absolutely noiseless. Cannot split chair |) Je==—== == 
leg. Will last as long as the chair. ue 
On sale at your dealer, or sent prepaid on receipt of price. 
Write for free booklet of chair tips and wool casters. 
Agents Wanted. Set of four 25c. In dozen sets $2.00. 
SYRACUSE CASTER & FELT CO. 
435 South West Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


Trademark 


FOR HOT BEDS AND COLD FRAMES 


No Boards, Mats or Other Covering Used 


Two layers of glass instead of one, with an air space be- 
tween, lets in light and warmth during the day, keeps in the 
heat at night. Makes earlier, better plants. 

“During one sudden drop after a heavy rain we lost practi- 
cally all our radishes under single glass sash while those under 
your double glass sash were not injured at all. 

H. B. Fullerton, Huntington, L. I.’’ 

Delivery guaranteed. Now is the time to get ready for cold 
frames. Write for catalogue and prices. 


Sunlight Double-Glass Sash Co., 927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 


A crop of lar 
: s 100 plants of Silver Coin will yield as many 
quarts as 200 plants of any other good variety; doz., $1.25; 100, $6.00. 


Dwyer’s Pot-Grown 
Strawberry Plants 


Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting 
varieties, sure to give satisfaction and 


Produce a Full Crop in 1910 


E Some of the finest berry patches in Amer- 
Pie yp ica owe success to our vigorous stock. 
Py 


Pot-grown plants have been our specialty 
for many years. If you want fruit next 
season, order NOW. Wealsohavea full 
line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, 
Plants, Vines, etc., for fall planting, all 
grown on our home grounds and guaran- 
teed healthy and true to name. 


Wealso do landscape gardening inall its branches. Cataloguefree. 
T. J. DWYER @ CO. 
P. O. Box 4 CORNWALL, N. Y. 


THE BOOKS OF 


Ellen Glasgow 


The Ancient Law The Battle Ground 
The Wheel of Life 

The Voice of the People 
The Freeman, and other Poems 


The Deliverance 


Published by 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., NEW YORK 


72: CO 


ge berries in ten months. 


All the good old varieties at 50c. per dozen; $2.50 per 100. 
Illustrated, descriptive catalog, giving full cultural instructions and 
colored plates of Silver Coin, mailed free. 


J. T. LOVETT, Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. 


For 30 years a Strawberry Specialist 


this variety is that it is a parent of the famous 
Jackmani. 

The word “lanuginosa” means woolly, referring 
to the appearance of the flower buds. The flowers 
of this species are the largest of all, being six inches 
across, while those of the purple Virgin’s bower are 
only one inch to two and one-half inches in diameter. 
They also differ in having five or six sepals instead 
of four, and the drawback to them is that they are 
leathery in texture and the natural colors are only 
lavender and bluish gray. The species has another 
advantage over the purple Virgin’s bower in having 
long feathery fruits. This plant climbs only five 
or six feet high, while the purple Virgin’s bower 
attains twelve feet. 


THE PURPLE JACKMANI 


The famous Jackmani is a cross between Hender- 
sonii and lanuginosa and resembles the Chinese 
parent in its habit, foliage, and size, also in having 


‘from four to six sepals, but its color of flower must 


have been derived from the European species. Its 
purple is exceptionally rich and pure, and the color 


is much enhanced by the velvety texture. It origin- 
ated in 1858. 
The accompanying picture shows Clematis 


Madame André, a variety with carmine-violet 
flowers which originated about 1893. It is obviously 
nearer the Chinese than the European species save 
in color of flowers. By a singular limitation of 


photography, the small flower buds are more 
conspicuous in the picture than the large, expanded 
flowers, but on second glance these will be clearly 
seen. 
Pennsylvania. 


W. E. PENDLETON. 


Odorless Ornamental Onions 


N ODORLESS ornamental onion with 
astonishingly large flowers is Allium albo- 
pilosum, which I saw at a London show in June, 
1908. It has purple flowers, each one and a quarter 
inches across, in clusters fully eight or ten inches 
in diameter and borne on stems over two feet high. 
If you wish to import it, do so now or you may 
lose a year. It has by far the largest flowers of any 
member of the genus I have ever seen or heard of. 
I wish some one would try to hybridize this giant 
purple allium, with the best white and yellow flowers 
of the genus, which I will briefly review. 

The common yellow-flowered onion of gardens is 
Allium Moly, which blooms in June, not in “early 
spring” as Bailey’s Cyclopedia says. The blossoms 
are borne in a dense umbel of great symmetry and 
beauty. They are excellent for cutting, as they have 
long stems. In New England the bulbs must have 
some covering in winter. The bulbs are very cheap, 
costing less than $z a hundred. 

The favorite white flowered allium is A. Neapoli- 
tanum, which has the same type of beauty as the 
Paper White narcissus and costs only half as much. 
The florists use it somewhat for forcing, especially 
the variety catalogued as A. Hermetii grandi- 
florum. Bulbs cost a cent each by the hundred. 
Outdoors they bloom in June. They need winter 
covering in the North. 

The hardiest white allium for garden beauty 
is the Siberian, A. Victorialis, but the flowers are 
only greenish white. 

There are so many rosy, pink, purplish and lilac 
alliums that we cannot pretend to say which is best 
and we must confess that there is great room for 
refinement of color in this group. 

I should like to hear from anyone who is willing 
to make a collection of ornamental alliums. 

New Jersey. THomas McApam. 


teat eae ee ee ee ta. ae i a 


CT ar aS 


: . The Readers’ Service will giwe 
AuGcusT, 1909 iE; GA RDEN MAGAZIN E SRT aboUe ae boats. 43 


Poultry, Kennel and !for 
Live Stock Directory "°° 


about 


the selection or care of dogs, poultry and 


live stock will be gladly given. Address 
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue 
GarDEN MacaZIneE, 133 East 16th Street, 
New York. 


Special Offer to Quick Buyers 


Talking $ 
Parrots 


WE will sell 2000 of our Eceular a 

Parrots for $5 and guarantee 4 
every bird to talk. We sell you Z 
theParrot on trial9O0days. 7 
You run no risk. If it 
doesn’t talk youaretore & 
turn the bird andget ZZ 
your money back. 7 


Written guarantee with every parrot 
Shipped anywhere in the U. S., Canada or Mexico on reseipt 
of $5. Shipping case and food for journey included. 


Only 2000 at $5; order at once 


Parrot Cage Special: a $2.50 Steel Cage $1.50 
hen ordered with parrot. 
Cugley& Mullen, 1261 Market St.. Philadelphia 
THE LARGEST PET SHOP IN THE WORLD 


Cures Strained, ey, Ankles, Lym- 
phangitis, Poll Evil, Fistula, Sores, 
Wire Cuts, Bruises, ’Swellings, Lame- 
ness from Spavin, Side Bone, Splints 
and Allays Pain Quickly without 
Blistering, removing the hair, or laying the 
horse up. Pleasant to use. $2.00 per bottle, at 
dealers or delivered. Book 5-D, free. 


Ww. FF. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple S8t., Springfield, Mass. 


Large Berkshire Swine 


Both imported and American Breed- 
ing along the most approved lines. 
Bred sows, service boars and 
young stock of all ages. We have 
never bred a cross animal nor had ¥ 
a sow molest her pigs. All animals | 
registered free of charge. Your 
money back if you want it. 


Write for booklet. 
H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING 
Dundee, N. Y. 


Tersey Reds: are . Lively Growers 


and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most 
satisfactory, all-round breed. Those who have tried theinsay so. Fatten 
easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous and prolific, quality 
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J. 


A FINE LOT OF 
For Sale Registered Berkshires 
Young pigs, and young sows due in May 


Apply to G. ©. WARE, care Mrs. C. C. Goodhue 
Arrowpoint Farm New Preston, Conn. 


HAVE YOU POULTRY TROUBLES 


Isn’t your poultry doing well? Write me personally, explaining 
the trouble, and see whether I can’t help you out. Always glad to 
be of service to you. 

At any rate, send at once for my Iilustrated Poultry Supply 
Book. It’s free. Describes Model Ineubators—manufactured by 
Chas. A. Cyphers; Brooders, Portable Colony Houses, Roofing 
Materials, Poultry and Bee Supplies, Standard Remedies, Disinfec- 
tants, etc., etc. 

STOKES’ SEED STORE, Dept. W., 219 Market St., Philadelphia 


HOUSE PLANTS 


By PARKER THAYER BARNES 
In ““The Garden Library’’ 
A MANUAL of the best. plants for house 


cultivation and indoor decoration, giving 
foliage and flowers all summer and winter, 
their raising from seed, and home propagation. 


Very fully illustrated. Net, $1.10 (postage IO cents) 


OTHER VOLUMES IN “ THE GARDEN LIBRARY’’ 


The Flower Garden The Vegetable Garden 
By I. D. BENNETT By I. D. BENNETT 
The Orchard and Fruit Garden Lawns and How to Make Them 
By E. P. POWELL By LEONARD BARRON 

Roses, and How to Grow Them Daffodils-Narcissus and How to Grow Them 

By MANY EXPERTS By A. M. KIRBY 
Ferns, and How to Grow Them Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them 

By G. A. WOOLSON By HENRI HUS and H. S. CONARD 


Each fully illustrated. Net, $1.10 (postage 10c.) 


DouBLeDAy, PaGe & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York 


For the convenience of our friends and customers we have created a new department which enables us 
to supply any and all books published on Horticulture and Agriculture. We have prepareda 
very comprehensive catalogue on these subjects, and shall be glad to send a copy on request. 


99 VARIETIES OF PEONIES 99 


In our new illustrated descriptive peony catalogue, which we will send free. ‘This 

is the cream of 1200 varieties which have been grown in our trial grounds during 

the past twenty years that we have made a special study of the herbaceous peony. 

Our Guarantee—We replace with three every plant proving untrue to description. 
Our catalogue also includes a list of the very best iris. 


Order now. Plant in September. Get Blooms Next Spring 


PETERSON NURSERY Wm. A. Peterson, Proprietor 
Lincoln & Peterson Aves., CHICAGO, ILL. 


Discriminating Thousands 


are following the work of 


MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD 


with increasing interest and admiration. This 
author depicts the normal lifeof normal but in- 
teresting people with assurance and illumination. 
The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers 
has notably increased since the publication of 
“The Good Comrade” and “Desire.” The 
previous books are 
“Curyal” 


“The eWeddine of the Lady of Lovell” 

“*Petronilla Heroven” 

‘, The Success of Mark Wyngate” 
“Princess Puck”’ 


““The Lady of Dreams ” 
For Sale at all Bookstores 
Per Volume $1.50 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 


COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 
beautiful, practical, entertaining. 


a year. 


THE WORLD’S WORK 


interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING 
telling how to make things grow. $1.00a 


year. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York 
New York 


44 I} a problem grows im your garden write to 
the Readers’ Service for assistance 


Hardy 


Evergreens 


as grown in Hill’s Famous Dundee 
Nurseries, are the product of over 
half a century’s practical experience, 
and a conscientious and thorough 
study o the best methods of grow- 
ing, digging, packing, and shipping. 


Our 1909 Catalog 
and Planting Guide 


describes the following varieties and 
many more, also other valuable trees 
and shrubs, and tells the ones that 
are entirely hardy and can be suc- 
cessfully moved in the Fall. 


Hemlocks 

White Pine 
Grafted Blue Spruce 
Oriental Spruce 
Engleman Spruce 
Alcock’s Spruce 
Excelsa Pine 
Swiss Stone Pine 
Concolor Fir 
Nordman’s Fir 
Balsam Fir 

Arbor Vitaes 
Junipers 

Yews 


Send for Catalogue NOW, and let 
us urge upon you the necessity of 
getting your order in early, because 


later on we will be sold short on | 
Address 


many sizes and varieties. 


D. HILL, 


Evergreen Specialist 
Founded 1855. Box 106, DUNDEE, ILL. 


KILLED BY 


RATS sxc: 


By the use of the wonderful bacteriological preparation, dis- 
covered and prepared by Dr. Danysz of Pasteur Institute, Paris, 
science has at last found the only successful method for exterminat- 
ing rats and mice. Used with striking success for the past few 
years in England, Scotland, France, and Russia. 


DANYSZ VIRUS 


contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and is 
absolutely harmless to birds, human beings and other 
‘animals, The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish 
condition. te eee te contagious to them. The virus 
is easily prepared and applied. i 
How Much to Use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary 
dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). 
One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard. ‘Three to 
six tubes per acre in case of open fieids, game preserves, etc. Price: 
One tube, 7s¢.; 3 tubes, $1.75; one dozen, $6.00; delivered. 


INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY 
Dept. V. 25 Old Slip; New York, N. Y. 


Garden Notes and News 


Ae cheapest way to screen unsightly objects 

at once and forever is to plant red cedars, 
but they look like so many ten pins. To tie them into 
a group plant some broad-based evergreens in front, 
e. g., young hemlocks. 


Good news for those who have a hemlock hedge 
that is bare at the base! You can patch it by 
planting small hemlocks in front. A century-old 
hedge can be restored to perfect beauty in this 
way. 


Have you ever seen evergreen arches in a formal 
garden? Is there anything better than red 
cedar? The cedars can be trained to iron pipes 
properly bent and coupled. 


You would hardly imagine that a single red 
cedar could hide any unsightly object, any more 
than a needle stuck on end, but you could probably 
blot out all, or nearly all, of that telegraph pole 
that worries you by moving one tall cedar in front 
of it. 


Where are the best private collections of hardy 
perennial flowers in America? Weknow about the 
Hunnewell collection at Wellesley and the Breese 
garden at Southampton, but where else could color 
photographs be taken. The editor will be grateful 
for replies. 


Sweet peas, used alone, look lumpy. To break 
up their heaviness, four flowers with a delicate, 
mist-like spray of white flowers, are used. 
They are Gypsophila paniculata, Galiwm Mollugo, 
Asperula hexaphylla and Asperula  galioides. 
Why not get one plant of each for your hardy 
border, and see which you like best? If you want 
something blue in this line try Statice latifolia. 


Good news about the mountain andromeda 
(Pieris floribunda) which an eminent authority says 
is ‘‘perhaps the most valuable broad-leaved ever- 
green for New England.” A collector has found 
the first large quantity of it, and the price of this 
unique beauty may now come down within reason. 
It is the only plant that has the look of flowering 
all winter. It has sprays of white buds somewhat 
like the lily-of-the-valley. 


We need more and better low evergreens for 
entrances, massing near a house, covering the 
ground under trees and beautifying rocky land. 
The Japan cypresses (or retinisporas) are too 
short-lived; so are dwarf spruces and firs; the 
small arborvite are too brown in winter. About 
the only good plant of this class the nurserymen 
grow is mugho pine. People should demand 
trailing yew, American juniper, and the prostrate 
American savin. If you can’t buy them, have 
them collected for you. 


Have you ever eaten any of those enormous 
Lucretia dewberries — about an inch and a half 
long? ‘The upright variety winterkills and one is 
likely to get slivers into one’s hands while picking the 
fruits. Both objections are overcome at the 
Mortimer estate, Roslyn, Long Island, where 
these dewberries are planted along the banks 
of a private running track for children. 
Dewberries are cheaper than grass for covering 
steep banks. They fruit two weeks earlier here 
than in the neighboring places where they are 
trained upright. 


Nineteen Dozen Ears of Corn from 
Ten Cents’ Worth of Seed 


Or’ THE 22nd of July, 1908,1 planted four 

rows twenty feet long with Golden Bantam 
corn. Every one said it was late to plant corn, 
but the ground had just been cleared from pea 
vines, and I took the risk. Fortunately, the 
weather was hot and damp, and in less than a 
week all the seed was up. 

I kept the ground loose with my wheel hoe, 
and picked nine ripe ears on September 22nd. 
The last was picked October roth, and in all I 
had nineteen dozen ears of what we consider the 
sweetest corn that grows. The seed cost me but 
ten cents! 


New York. JEANNIE S. SALISBURY. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


AuGustT, 1909 


Japan Bamboo Stakes 


DURABLE, STRONG, pliant, the very best for 
f staking Lilies, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Gladioli, 
Asters,. Tomato Plants, etc. 100 500 

6ft. long to $inch diam. $1.00 $4.00 


Extra Strong Heavy Stakes 
for tying DAHLIAS, HOLLYHOCKS, young 
trees, shrubs, etc. 12 
5-6 ft. long 14 to Z inch diam. $1.00 $ 6.00 
7-8 ft.long14to2 “‘ uy 1.50 10.00 


_ Freesias and Lil. Candidum should be planted 
in JULY and August to attain good results. 
We deliver our beautiful Freesia Bulbs 


SNOW WHITE 


| bearing a magnificent, pure white, fragrant flower 
with faint trace of golden in chalix about July 20th. 
Large Bulbs, of which plant six in a six inch pot 
j at once on receipt, to have flowers by Xmas. 


Persix, 15c. Per dozen, 25c. Per 100, $1.25. 


Lil. Candidum, the Madonna Lily, should be 
planted EARLY August to insure BEST success 
for flowering next season. 


Large Fine Bulbs, each 10c. Dozen, $1.00. 
MAMMOTH BULBS, each 25c. Doz. $2.25. 


Delivery is included in price. We alsosend by 
August first our NEW, INTERESTING FALL 
CATALOGUE containing a FINE LIST of the 
MOST DESIRABLE Noyelties in Bulbs, Plants 
and Seeds. Do not fail to send for it. 


f H.H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York City. 


1000 


$6.00 


100 


—= 


: Narcissus, ‘Tulip, 
Crocus, Hyacinth 


BULBS 


A promise of pleasure and 
profit for the planter. 
Vick’s Bulb Catalogue, su- 
perbly illustrated, tells the 
whole story. Sent free to 
anyone who asks for it. 


James Vick’s Sons 
362 Main St. Rochester, N. Y. 


«ibe 2 


/For Autumn 


Planting 
Flowering Shrubs and 


Hardy Perennials 
Roses, Irises and Paeonies. 


Catalogue sent on application. 


SHATEMUC NURSERIES, 
BARRYTOWN, DUTCHESS COUNTY, N. Y. 


> 


Hors 


90 


ENGINE 


ONLY 


2% to8 H. P. Proportionate Prices. 
For use on the farm and in the shop. 


Runs cream separators, ohurns, pumps, grist mills, corn shellers, 4 
washing machines, lathes, printing presses, eto. Burns kerosene, 
(coal oil) sloohol, gasoline, naphtha, distillate, without change of 
equipment, starts without oranking, throttling governor, drop 
forged orank shaft, best grade babbitt bearings, free oatalog 

tells how to gave half cost of hired help. Testimonials. 10,000 
inuse. All sizesin stook ready to ship. 


DETROIT ENGINE WORKS 
229 Bellevue Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 


Competent Gardeners 


The comforts and products of a country home are 
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want 
engage one write to us. 
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. 


in- 
to 


Please give particulars regarding 


We 


have been supplying them for years to the best people every- 
where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Sceds- 
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 


For Autumn Planting 


You can plant your Tulips, Daffodils and other bulbs in early 
September before you leave your summer homes. Ask for Hors- 
ford’s Autumn Supplement before placing your Fall orders. Many 
Herbaceous Perennials may be set in late August or September and 
become established before Winter. Supplement will be ready 
about the middle of August. 


FRED’K H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. 


ford’s Hardy Bulbs 


-€/ 
100 LBS. 1 
|) BARWELLS | 


PLANT GROWER | 


LAND RENOVATOR | 


THE IDEAL ' 
LAWN & GARDEN | 

FERTILIZER __ 
BLATCHFORDS CALF MEAL FACTORY 


WAUKEGAN ILL. 
(ESTABLISHED A LEKESTER ENGLAND 


AMPLE FREE 


BULBS DIRECT HOLLAND 
BY PARCEL POST GROWER 


By reason of the new postal laws in existence between the United States and Europe 
we are now in a position to offer you our entire line of bulbs at przces just as reasonable as 
those of American dealers. 

Why not, then, order your supply of bulbs for fall planting direct from us, the lead 
ing Dutch exporters? 

Our collections are acknowledged to be among the very finest in the world, having 
won first prizes at Berlin and London in 1908 and 1909. Our bulbs are celebrated 
because they grow uniformly and bloom simultaneously and are unexcelled for richness of 
quality. Herewith our price list : 


From the 


For Bedding 
per 100 
For Early Forcing in Pots or Glasses Hyacinths, all colors, extrafine mixture . . . . . $3.50 
per 100 Double Tulips, all colors, extra fine mixture . . . 1.50 
1st size named Hyacinths, ins different extra finesorts $8.00 Dodiie Nafcissus sli eglore, extra fine maxture’ |) 200 
Ust'size yaned ee eee extia ane ae eis Sy Single Narcissus, all colors, extra fine mixture . . 2.00 
Ist size ee ae Docbl N ips, inextra tine ae Sue fee 3390 Crocus, all colors, extra fine mixture . aoe ee -50 
rst size pees Sinel N EMO RUS atin MO EUS 3.50 Iris Hispanica, all colors, extra fine mixture . . . .25 
Ist size named Single Narcissus, in extra fine sorts . . 2. Gal Gintama | te ne tn “60 
Sich, OMENS De bp oo oo 6G as -50 


Any quantity at the hundred rate, Orders of $4.00 and above carriage free, with no extra charge 
for packing. With every order we send instructions for planting and cultivation. 


We wish that you would favor us with a trial order, in order that we might have an opportunity of 


proving to vou the real advantage of ordering your bulbs direct from the grower in Holland. 


F. HEKKER & CO. 


Overveen bei Haarlem, 
THE MAGIC 


mi B O N O RA’ : PLANT FERTILIZER 


ILL make vegetables, shrubbery, trees, vines, lawns, rose bushes, and all plant life 

mature rapidly. Develops everything to an abnormal size in ten days to three weeks 

less time. All plants are made to grow as in the Tropics, and will make flowering 
plants bloom profusely. ““BONORA” will make your lawn look like velvet, Used and 
endorse y prominent people throughout the country, including Luther Burbank, Eben 
Rexford, H. B. Fullerton, and many others. Ask your dealer for it or order direct. 
““BONORA”’ is the cheapest fertilizer in existence for the vegetable garden and other plant 
life of every description. Every particle of it is available and dissolves in water. ; 


Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows: 


| THE GREATEST DISCOVERY 
OF MODERN TIMES. 


PLANT my 
My. 
ey ||| 


1 lb. making 28 gallons, post paid 65 
5 jes Se 140 ie : $2.50 
10 lbs. “ 280 a 4.75 
Special prices on larger quantities. 
BONORA CHEMICAL COMPANY - - - 492 Broadway, New York 


This is the Way 


To economically and _ safely 
transplant evergreens. Deliveries 
by wagon within thirty miles of 
New York City; by rail or barge 
elsewhere. 


The only big stock of big EVER- 


GREENS. Over 1,000 evergreens 
10 to 30 feet high in our nursery. 
Small evergreens by the 10,000 at low rates. Evergreens of the usual sizes 2 to 8 


feet in the best permanently hardy species. These are of good quality and 
moderate price. 

Send for catalogues and price lists showing how to make immediate or low 
cost, screens, windbreaks, forests, ornamental and cover plantings. 

Do you want a car load or less of White Pine, White Spruce, or Red Pine 
8 to 20 feet, shipped from the collecting fields, where they have been root pruned? 
It is economical. 


Do you want us to move in big evergreens from your vicinity ? 


ISAAC HICKS & SON Westbury, Long Island, New York 


HOLLAND 


Special Fall 


Announcement 


Meehans’ 
Mallow 
Marvels 


The great plant creation and 
novelty—at a price within 
the reach of all. 


You should have a bed of Mee- 
hans’ Marvels in your garden. 
They are almost indispensable. 
Right in the middle of sum- 
mer when the garden flower 
show is on the wane the rich, 
gorgeous blossoms of this won- 
derful creation are beginning 
to open. The flowers con- 
tinue to appear until ‘Jack 
Frost” arrives. 

Do you realize how large 
these blossomsare? Picture flow- 
ers 8 to over 10 inches in diameter, 
—seventy-eight square inches in 

area; in fact the size of a dinner plate! 
They are simply gorgeous. 

Such colors, too! The Pink Marvel, 
for example, comes in all shades from the 
light flesh pink to the deep, shell and 
rose shades. Every flower delights the eye. 

The Crimson Marvel is rich and fiery; the Red 
Marvel a deep glowing red; and the White Marvel 


; F pure as snow, with a red center. 
Chis Cut is One-Half. 5 a% These plants come up each year from the same roots, develop into bushes 
: ; Le ae 6 and 8 feet high, and have most beautiful foliage. Mallow Marvels are as 
Gach ‘Dimension only A PS Be hardy asarock. In Canada they have wintered many degrees below zero— 
\% the area bf a Crean | and results in the South have been equally satisfactory. The absence of 
ae yy disease and insect trouble is another great feature with the Mallow Marvel. 
Single Blossom. as Our stock of Mallow Marvels is large and complete for fall delivery, and we 
have priced them so that all may enjoy their wonderful display by next season. Order 
at once. “Two-year-old roots labeled according to color when in bloom and all sure to 
flower abundantly next season, at $1.00 each. (Last season they sold at $2.00 each.) 


Special Mallow We will sell for fall delivery, one dozen two-year-old 


roots, composed of 6 Pink, 2 Crimson, 2 Red and 2 
Marvel Offer White Marvels, f. o. b. Germantown, for $10.00. 


IMPORTANT. — August ist, our new fall August 2oth the first issue of the new garden 
plant book will be ready. Special features | publication, ‘‘MEEHANS’ GARDEN BULLE- 


appear in it. TIN, will be ready. Copies mailed free on request. 


THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, INC.,  BiivaSieENo Ds 


THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


SEPTEMBER Facts About Dwarf Fruit Trees 15c. 


1909 Effects with Hardy Perennials Selling Flowers in a Summer Colony 
Where the Insects Came From Some of the Trials of an Amateur 


Vol. X. No. 2 $1.00 a Year 


COUNTRY LIFE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. THE WORLD'S 


a 


be RY 


ee 


9 il) 


Ses HM Mlle 


MPROVING the grounds is just as 

important as building the house 

when you have more land than is 
comprised in a city lot. For the kind 
of improvement which not only beau- 
tifies but increases the usefulness and 
the permanent valuc of your place, con- 
crete is the readiest and most success- 
ful material. 

Concrete is a mixture of cement 
with broken stone and sand or 
gravel, and in its plastic form can 
be molded in any shape desired, 
after which it hardens into stone. 

Many of the smaller and sim- 
pler improvements you yourself can 


PORTLAND 


CEMENT 


TRADE MARK 


None Just as Good 


build, others can be made with the help 
of a builder familiar with concrete. The 
important thing to remember is that 
concrete made with Atlas Portland 
Cement is always successful, because 
Atlas is pure, uniform, thoroughly 
tested, and made from the real cement 
materials. It can be bought of reliable 
dealers everywhere. It will give satis- 
faction whether the use is a large one 
or a small one. A few bags of Atlas 
Portland Cement will do wonders 


for your country home. 
Write for 


“Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm” (Free) 
“Concrete Country Residences” (25 cents) 

“Concrete Cottages” (Free) 

“Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction” (10 cents) 


IF YOUR DEALER CANNOT SUPPLY YOU WITH “ATLAS,” WRITE TO 


THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., inauiry pept- SO BROAD ST., NEW YORK 


LARGEST OUTPUT OF ANY CEMENT COMPANY IN THE WORLD. OVER 40.000 BARRELS PER DAY 


SrerpTEMBER, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


How to reach the po pular resorts. 
Ask the Readers 


Service. 


Hardy 


Evergreens 


as grown in Hill’s Famous Dundee 
Nurseries, are the product of over 
half a century’s practical experience, 
and a conscientious and thorough 
study of the best methods of grow- 
ing, digging, packing, and shipping. 


Our 1909 Catalog 
and Planting Guide 


describes the following varieties and 
many more, also other valuable trees 
and shrubs, and tells the ones that 
are entirely hardy and can be suc- 
cessfully moved in the Fall. 


Hemlocks 

White Pine 
Grafted Blue Spruce 
Oriental Spruce 
Engleman Spruce 
Alcock’s Spruce 
Excelsa Pine 
Swiss Stone Pine 
Concolor Fir 
Nordman’s Fir 
Balsam Fir 

Arbor Vitaes 
Junipers 

Yews 


Send for Catalogue NOW, and let 
us urge upon you the necessity of 
getting your order in early, because 
later on we will be sold short on 
many sizes and varieties. Address 


-D. HILL, 


Evergreen Specialist 
Founded 1855. Box 106, DUNDEE, ILL. 


SENT ON 15 DAYS’ TRIAL FREE 


E PAY ALL DELIVERY 
AND RETURN EXPENSES IF UNSATISFACTORY. 


This beautiful Red Cedar Chest positively protects your 
valuable fabrics and furs against moths, dust and dampness, and pays for 
itself in one season’s cold storage saved. Constructed throughout solidly 
of fragrant Southern Red Cedar, with air-tight lid, it deliciously perfumes 
the clothing. They are made in numerous elegant styles, in various sizes 
and prices, sent direct from factory to home, always subject to APPROVAL 
orreturn, FREE OF COST! Ideal Christmas, wedding or birthday gifts; com- 
bining the highest possible degree of elegance and utility yet attained in 
wood-working art, and are an indispensable necessity in well-equipped 
homes. Write at once for catalog fully illustrating Various sizes and styles. 


PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept, 47, Statesville, N.C. 


) ; K 
Wezz il 
Lt 


Wherever you see the Victor dog 
there is a Victor dealer who will gladly 
play for you—without obligation—any 
Victor music you want to hear. 


The Victor dog is the trade-mark of only one talking-machine—the 
Victor, the world’s greatest musical instrument. 

The Victor dog stands for all that is newest and best in music. It 
is on the horn and cabinet of every Victor, on every Victrola, and on 


every Victor Record. 


The next time you see the Victor dog, stop in and hear 
the Victor—you’ll be amazed at its wonderful true-to-life 
renditions of the best music and entertainment of every kind. 


There’s a Victor for YOU—$10, $17.50, $25, $32.50, $40, $50, $60, $100; the 
Victrola, $200, $250—and your dealer will sell on easy terms if desired. 
Write for complete catalogues of the Victor, the Victrola, and of the 3000 Vzctor Records. 


Victor Taiking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S. A. 


Berliner Gramophone Company, Montreal, Canadian Distributors. 


To get best results, use only. Victor Needles on Victor Records 


A complete list of new Victor Records for September will be found in the September number 
of Munsey’s, Scribner’s, McClure’s, Century, Everybody’s, and October Cosmopolitan 


MEEHANS’ 
PLANT BOOK 


Third edition ready—first and second ex- 
hausted and hundreds of unfilled applications 
on file. The demand was enormous. 

Every one of the 64 pages contains valuable 
information. All the best hardy plants are 
listed and concisely described. Throughout are 
illustrations from nature. 

No exaggerations in picture or text. Highly 
prized by all our customers and friends. 

Have you a copy? If not—one mailed free on 
request. 


TREESO 
PLANTS ; 


MEEHANS’ 
GARDEN BULLETIN 


A new, live garden paper—first number ready 
August 25th. Not dry or scientific but bright, 
up-to-date and, above all, practical. 

Edited by men who know what they are 
doing—men who are practical horticulturists. 

This Bulletin is an outgrowth of our “Special 
Information Dept.’’ where we have for years 
been giving real help to thousands of plant 
lovers all over the world. 

On request a copy of this first number will be 
mailed free. 


Important. State size and age of your property that we may send you garden literature best suited to your needs. 


THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, 


NURSERYMEN AND HORTICULTURISTS 


Inc. BOX 17, GERMANTOWN 


PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


50 


The tweaders' Service will give you 
information about automobiles 


THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Knocks Out Z 


Dairy Tubular Cream Separators 
are entirely different from all others 
—are simple, sanitary, satisfactory. 


Mr. St. John Backus, of Sloan, Iowa, 
writes:—“] bought a Tubular “A” 
No.6. Before buying this separator 
I tried seven makes. None was 
satisfactory, so decided to try your 
Tubular. I found it more 5 
than satisfactory, and 
could I not have returned 
the other makes, «© 
as I did, I would . 
have consigned : 
them to the | 
scrap pile.” 
Made in the world’s 
greatest separator fac- 
tory. Branchfactories 
in Canada and Ger- 
many. Sales exceed 


most, if not all, others 
combined. 


Write for catalogue No. 215. 


The Sharples Separator Co. 


Westchester, Pa. Chicago, Ill. Toronto, Can. 
Winnipeg, Can. San Francisco, Cal. Portland, Ore. 


THE BOOKS OF 


Ellen Glasgow 


The Ancient Law The Battle Ground 
The Wheel of Life 
The Voice of the People The Deliverance 
The Freeman, and other Poems 
Published by 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., N. Y. 


Grow Mushrooms 


For Big and Quick Profits 


Smail Capital to Start. A Safe Business. 


Iam the largest grower in America. Ten years 
experience enables me to give practical instruc- 
tion in the business worth many dollars to you. 

No matter what your occupation is or where 
you are located, here is an opportunity to acquire 
a thorough knowledge of this paying business. 

Send for Free Book giving particulars and in- 
formation, how to start, cost, ete. Address 


JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM 
3264 N. Western Avenue Chicago, Ill. 


cart as 2 


A Solution of the Perennial 
Poppy Problem 


G pew fallen stick of a burned out skyrocket is 

no more hopelessly useless than an oriental 
poppy after it has shed its fery bloom. But Fourth 
of July is not complete without its skyrockets and 
neither is early June in the hardy border without its 
oriental poppies. 

Given a garden of limited proportions and even 
more limited time for its cultivation, the perennial 
poppy section is a gardening problem that is a 
puzzler. A blaze of scarlet for two weeks and in 
two weeks more a patch of weeds is the history of an 
unrestrained perennial poppy bed. 

Having struggled with the poppy problem for 
several seasons with indifferent success or absolute 
failure, I chanced upon an altogether adequate and 
satisfactory solution of covering the declining glory 
of the oriental visitor. 

Salvias were the first experiment. ‘They took too 
long to grow large enough to form a mass of foliage 
and bloom. I had tried marigolds, but made the 
mistake of using the African variety; it is too tall and 
leggy and potting only magnifies these defects. 
The French marigold seems to be the ideal annual 
but it is a nuisance to sow and transplant annuals 
into pots and look after them for two months when 
you have to be your own gardener with not any 
too much time. 

Then I bought some new varieties of poppies and 
noted that in growing them in pots the tap roots 
were cut and a new root system formed. I dug the 
poppies as soon as they were done blooming, clipped 
the long tap roots and potted them up, sowing the 
vacant space to annual poppies. This scheme 
worked out well except that there was a considerable 
period while the annuals were germinating and 
growing to blooming size. 

The potted oriental poppies made a fine root 
growth, sent up their fall leaf growth in the pots and 
did not suffer from being moved as they bloomed 
freely the following spring. When raising seed- 
ling poppies, I now run a long bladed knife 
under the rows of plants after they are two or three 
months old, make them form a fibrous root system 
and then find it an easy matter to transplant them. 
But digging poppies is too iaborious a task to be 
undertaken every year; there is other work in the 
garden demanding attention. 

Stray seedlings of. the perennial aster Mrs. F. W. 
Raynor came up among the poppies two years ago. 
The foliage of the poppies suppressed those too close 
but the asters just outside the circumference of the 
rosette of poppy foliage flourished and by the time 
the poppies had disappeared, the bed was a fine 
mass of luxuriant asters, and in late August and 
September the perennial poppy bed gave another 
fine display of bloom. 

A well grown poppy has a diameter of a little over 
two feet. It is an easy matter in planting new beds 
in the fall to place the asters and poppies so that 
they do not interfere with each other and the poppy 
bed gives two fine crops of bloom a season and is 
never bare. 


Illinois. SHERMAN R. DUFFY. 


@ 


Here’s something NEW-—a gasoline engine which makes a 
power PumEine Hane out of any common pump ina few minutes, 
Beats a wind mill all hollow. Will pump water froma well of 
any depth, 500 to 800 gallons per hour, according to size of pump 
cylinder. Needs no special foundation. Any well platform is 
sufficient. Needs no belts, jacks, or fixings of any kind. Isready 
for instant use when you get it. 

Runs out of doors or inside without overh 


eating or freezing, 


winter orsummer. Nosmoke, flaine, sparks or odor. This 
} a Wondeemy 
The Fuller & Johnson’ Pumping 
ant 
F A R M core less 
PUMP ENGINE | Windmin 
i i 6 and is 
Is quiet— practically no vibration. ALWAYS 
By attaching a piece of pipe for extra } READY 
air chamber, will throw a continuous for work 


stream of water 4o feet up in the Gee 
air or 60 feet on the level. Fine s 
for washing wagons aud windows and 


for FIRE PROTECTION. 
Has pulley for running any mach- 
hand, and is so light it can be == sys 
detached and taken anywhere in la ay! 
automobile, with the same 
care and same materials, and is so 
for years. 

Ask for our big catalogue to-day 
ful invention. 
Fuller& Johnson Mfg.Co. 


ine which can be run by 
no time. It’s built like an 
strong it should need no repairs 
and learn all about this wonder- 
370 Adams St., Madison, Wis. 


Others pending. 


Poultry, Kennel and ‘er 
Live Stock Directory 


about 
the selection or care of dogs, poultry and 
live stock will be gladly given. Address 
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE 
GARDEN MaGaAZINE, 133 East 16th Street. 
New York. 


SHOE BOILS 


CAPPED HOCK BURSITIS, 
Are Hard to Cure, yet 


will remove them and leave no blemish. Does -@\ 

not blister or remove the hair. Cures Puffs, 

Swellings, Boils, Bruises, Old Sores, Swollen or Enlarged Veins 
and glands, Painful affections. A safe remedy to use. Book 
6-D Free. {2.00 a bottle delivered or at dealers. 


W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 


TS OF EGGS 


eS A Ifyou feed green bone fresh cut. Its egg pro 
f f{) ducing value is four times that of grain. Eggs more 
Bee: fertile, chicks more vigorous, broilers earlier, fowls 
yj heavier, profits larger. 

MANN’S fiovs: BONE CUTTER 
makes bonecutting simple, easy and rapid. Cuts all bone with 
adhering meat and gristle. Neverclogs. 10 Days Free Trial. 
No money in advance. Don’t buy a cutter without first trying it. 
Cat’lg free. 


F. W. MANN CO. 


Box 325, Milford, Mass. 


SS —= —— — Ss SS 
Jersey Reds are Lively Growers 

. Ae sett eres a h 
See ace a orcad Tacs oholboreieneaiiie mie fe mented 
easily and quickly, are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorous and prolific, quali 


of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J. 


Large Berkshire Swine 


Both imported and American Breed- 
ing along the most approved lines. 
Bred sows, service boars and ™@ 
young stock of all ages. We have 
never bred a cross animal nor had 
a sow molest her’pigs. All animals § 
registered free of charge. Your jm 
money back if you want it. 


Write for booklet. 
H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING 
Dundee, N. Y. 


Sp pmo Oe) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 51 


SAAS 


* fenane 


Eight 
Delightful 
Volumes for 
Children of 
All Ages 


“Parents will find this 
series good for all. ages ”— 
Philadelphia Inquirer. SS = 

“There is no question as to its lit- (base a ‘4 wise mother and good books enabled me to succeed in life. She was very poor, 
York See ping! VEN Nae) : ment, but never too poor to buy the proper books for her children.’’—Hrnry CuaY. 


“An admirable juvenile library.”— : 

Journal, Providence. ero ie ; SMe i Th E Child 

“ce ~ S d j H ioe s 

seg Efoidesa tomato fo, ood e Every Child 
“Delightful tal d- Ne Sioald <<) tees 

a Should Know Library {| A Dollar Bill 


“The cream of world-lore is here.”— 


ac sat feel that they owe i : ma Be ws : The W orld ’s W ork for Brings Both 


a debt of gratitude to Mr. Mabie.”— 


Herald, Augusta. pe ‘ Kh ; AB » a full year e e e e 


“Delightful, not only for children 
but for manyadults.”—Chicago Record- 
Herald. ’ 


All parents, and those interested in the education of children, know how difficult 


it is to secure just the right kind of reading for them. Childhood is the decisive 
The Set Sent period of life, for it is then that habits and tastes are formed that have most do with 


For Your Approval the development of character. In this library the work that you would do yourself, 


: _ eee if you had the time, money and literary judgment, has been done for you by the best 
In order to make it possi § critics who have spent their lives inthe study of literature and in whose Spinion you 
ble for every parent, and for 7 88 1| may have perfect confidence. 


everyone interested in chil- 


dren. to see this set, we will Hamilton Wright Mabie has edited “FAMOUS STORIES,” “FAIRY 
>’ > 


aera eee approval TALES,” “HEROES,” and “HEROINES.” 
yi “BIRDS” isby . . - Neltje Blanchan 


so you may pass your own i “WATER WONDERS? is b 
‘ 5 aN | y Jean M. Thompson 
judgment. Mailthe coupon [i “POEMS” is edited by . . Mary E. Burt 


with one dollar. Wewill for- “Fagg SONICS? to adalspa © oct 
ward the eight volumes at once, (¢@& 
carriage paid, and enter you DiterBore There Are No Better Books for the Children 


for T he W orld’s Work fora full This is the first time that a collection of such nnienall merit has been offered 
year. If you don’t agree with Cl || at a price so low. The editorial work that had to be done is enormous. 


: Be The literature of the entire world has been drawn upon and the selections 
us return the books, carriage Beat. Sep 2 || have been made from thousands of volumes. This set of books constitutes 
collect, and we will refund if a complete library for a child, one in which pride will be taken and that 


your first payment. The lib- will sneounas ae Papiol eood beading: we have decided to include with it, as 

; As an introductory offer, 2S ION TO THE WORLD’S 

Weld’. Podwonikay ae ae “fe ah WORK. You may use both as a gift, send the magazine to a friend, or if you 
or t . . : BN: 


are already a subscriber, have your subscription extended. 
can have the $15.00 worth for 


$1.00 now and $1.00 a month for 


: © s yi ee she gpa : Doustepay, Pace & Co. 
eight months. Sending the coupon Cae sie | 133 East 16th St., New York 


puts you under ho obligation what- i E g ae : Gentlemen: I accept your offer and enclose $1.00 


i = ‘ eciee mi ee for which you are to enter me for a year’s subscri 
ever but it does give you an Oppor- Op xe 7 tion to The World’s Work and send me the “Bevery 


tunity to see these delightful vol- Fs Be z d Child Should Know Library.” After examination I 


umes WRITE TO-DAY ; ; © NOW > : will either return the books to you or send you $1.00 a 


WRITE NAME AND ADDRESS BELOW 
—— — 


month for eight months. 
“My opportunities in youth for acquiring an edu- i ; ce a 
cation were limited, but I had the great good fortune Es eee a z e/a NAME eseceeeeeeeeeneeeeenereeeneneeeeneeeneeneeeeneenecnennnunenaneeen = 
of being well supplied with useful books, and these a a i; 


gave me my start in lije.”’,—DanIEL WEBSTER. ee Pi ee ie: : ie JENC&S XSI ee PR meee eee ee ae 


52 1} you are planning to build. the Readers’ 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


KELSEY™:"GENERATOR 


System of 


HEATING 


Means Home Health, Comfort. 


You cannot afford to buy a heating ap- 
* paratus before you investigate the KELSEY. 
Get our 112 page book "Opinions" about 
house heating. Free on request. Ask any 


KELSEY owner about the KELSEY. 


Residence at Greenwich, Conn. 
Heated by KELSEY System 


The KELSEY heats every: 
room alike, saves 20% to 30%: 


in fuel, gives perfect ventilation. 
The Great Battery of ZIG-ZAG 
HEAT TUBES of the KELSEY gives 
more than double the heating surfaces: 
of furnaces, reducing coal bills, giving an individual heater for each room if desired, forcing great 
volumes of properly warmed (not scorched or’ 6verheated) air to all parts of the house. Uniform 
spring like warmth. Abundant ventilation. No ¢old rooms. No overheated rooms. The KELSEY 
will outlast several furnaces and is the easiest, simplest thing imaginable to operate. 
KELSEY Heating is better and more economical in every way than steam or hot water systems 
with their leaky rattling pipes, unsightly radiators and dead air heated over and over. 


KELSEY Heating is for Homes of ALL SIZES, Churches and Schools. Over 35,000 sold. 
KELSEY HEATING CO., 


Main Office, 116 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
N. Y. Office, 156-R Fifth Ave. & 20th St., New York City 


Competent Gardeners 


The comforts and products of a country home are in- 
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to 
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding 
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We 
have been supplying them for years to the best people every- 
where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds- 
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 


HEDGE PLANTS 


Cal. Privet, Japanese Barberry, Am. Arbor 
Vitae and Hemlock Spruce, Specialties 


MARTIN H. MUSSER 
38 Cottage Ave. - LANCASTER, Penna. 


18 1909 


Make the Farm Pay 


Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture, 


” Old Colony Nurseries 


HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES 
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS 
A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam. 
Good plants; best sizes for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue 
free on application. 


T. R. WATSON 


Horticulture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For- 

estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under 

Prof Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. 

Craig of Cornell University and other eminent 

teachers. Over one hundred Home Study 

Courses under able professors in leading colleges. 
250 page catalog free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass. 


Plymouth, Mass. 


Y beautifully illustrated catalog of CALIFORNIA BULBS, which I want you to send for, pictures 
and describes the grand Lilies, the wonderfully brilliant Mariposa Tulips, Dog’s Tooth Vio- 
lets far more beautiful than the Eastern species and quite as hardy; blue flowered Camassias 


excellent for naturalizing, and Wood Lilies larger and finer than those of the East. My gardens 
contain the entire stock of the Burbank Hybrid Lilies all of which are described in my catalog. 
Fully as interesting to my Pacific Coast friends is my book on Dutch Bulbs in which I offer, 
with complete cultural directions, those Tulips, Daffodils, Irises, and other bulbs best fitted for our 
climate. 
A dozen bulbs of the Mariposa Tulip pictured above for 40 cents. 


CARL PURDY, UKIAH, CALIFORNIA 


Can Melons and Cucumbers Be 


Grown Together? 


I* MAY seem a little presumptious for an 
unknown to dispute the dictum of the “best. 

authorities” that melons, cucumbers, squashes, 
and the like do not show the results of cross fertiliza- 
tion in the fruit of the first year, but a couple of 
experiments, unintentionally carried out a few years 
ago, convinced me that in my garden cucumbers 
should be well separated from the other vines — if I 
wanted the fruits of each kind to be characteristic. 
I also note that in W. C. McCollom’s plans in the 
April GARDEN MAGAZINE melons are separated 
from his cucumbers by corn and limas, while his 
pumpkins and squashes, planted together among 
the early corn, are isolated from the other vines 
by late corn on one side and pole limas on the other. 
Such has been my practice since I became wise. 

My first experience was when I planted my first 
garden. I was inspired to plant my cucumbers 
and muskmelons in alternate rows. It was an 
original method; I never understood why If did it, 
and I have never repeated it. 

The grocery boy who watched my labors with 
interest remarked, ‘“Them melons’ll be no good. 
They ’Il cross all right.” To which I replied, much 
in the terms of the ‘highest authorities” (all 
unknown to me at that time), “‘“Never mind, the 
results may show in the fruit from this year’s seed, 
but it can’t affect this year’s fruit, and I am not 
going to let them ripen for seed.” 

The vines grew, blossomed, and fruited nicely, 
and the cucumbers were the finest I ever raised, or 
ate. The sliced fruit had a delightful melony 
fragrance and flavor. In some the seeds hardened 
rather more than usual, and some of the fruits were | 
small, round and a little like melons in appear- 
anée, but most of the “‘cukes” were fine. I have 
often planted a few melon seed among my cucum- 
bers for the sake of improving the flavor. 

And what of the melons? They were curios. 
I wish I had a photograph of some. The most 
common freak was a fruit that started to be a 
melon and then decided to be a cucumber, resulting 
in a round ball with a tail, so to speak, like a round- 
headed nail. Some were solid, like a cucumber; 
some*were smooth; some were spiny, mone were 
good. I abandoned melons for some years. 

My second experiment was equally conclusive. 
On the other side of a narrow road from my cucum- 
ber patch was a dead tree which we thought to 
convert into an object of interest by growing over it 
some of the ornamental gourds. It certainly was 
an interesting object —so were the cucumbers. 
Some were short and thick; some were long and 
slim; some were wooden; some were “‘nest eggs”. 
All were horrid. I almost gave up “‘cukes,” but 
eventually banished gourds. The parentage of 
those “‘cucu-gourds” was as clear as would be that 
of the offspring of a white Leghorn hen and a Black 
Minorca rooster hatched from the eggs of this spring. 
Some of the chicks would be speckled. ‘The effect 
of the cross does show in the first generation. Of 
course the flower does not show any change, but the 
fruit does, and now my cucumbers are separated 
from my melons by corn, beans, potatoes — and as 
much space as I can manage. 


New Jersey A. C. BRowNn. 


A Novel Way to Grow Corn 


| ae spring we planted our sweet corn twice, 

but almost every kernel was dug up by gray 
squirrels. While we are fond of the little animals 
and carefully protect them, we are also very fond 
of sweet corn. 

After some thought we concluded to sow the corn 
very thickly in a small patch and enclose it, top and 
sides, with chicken wire. When the corn was six 
or eight inches high we transplanted it to the garden, 
a small spadeful to a hill, pulling out all but four 
stalks. As the soil about the roots was scarcely 
disturbed, the corn continued to flourish. 

Later, when the corn was in ear, we rather sus- 
pected the squirrels of contemplating another 
onslaught, but a generous sprinkling of red pepper 
over the ears, given one night just after the dew 
had fallen, completely discouraged them. 

New York HERBERT PEMBROKE. 


‘SerTemBer, 1909 Ab Vat ley GARDEN IME IN GAN ZG ALIS) 18, 


The Power of Suggestion 
Is Worth $ $ $ 


to every real estate agent and country home 
owner who advertises in the October issue 
of Country Life in America. 

October is going to be a special Country 
Home Building issue, which will undoubt- 
edly influence a number of Country Life in 
America’s enthusiastic readers to buy and 
build. 

‘The price for the October number will be 
increased as usual to Fifty Cents. Thou- 
sands of extra copies will be sold to those 
interested in building a home in the country. 
Even though the circulation is considerably 
increased, the rate for real estate advertise- 
ments will remain the same — $7.00 per 
column inch. You could not possibly put 
your place before as many prospective buy- 
ers at one-tenth of this cost. Send me the 
facts about your place and I will be pleased 
to write your advertisement. Last copy 
must be in by September gth. 


Manager Real Estate Dept. 
Country Life in America, N. Y. City 


"THOROUGHLY useful and practical, 
too—keeps out intruders, conceals un- 
sightly objects, dignities the home grounds 
No other form of fence is more effective, nor 
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Lama specialist on California Privet— 
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A Live Fence Beautiful the Year Round 


The landscape craftsman who understands his art more and more is letting nature 
build his fences. A live fence adds as much to the appearance of home grounds as a 


frame adds to the beauty of a picture. 


UNTRIMMED HEDGES AN IDEAL FENCE Allowed to grow naturally, without 


Meee a eee eee eee) PIUMIng. DeEdres Five annishing 

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TRUNBERG’S BARBERRY (Berbers, T.). This handsome deciduous hedge plant re- <= 
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It grows thickly with masses of 


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™ 2 in summer—low and even, with horizontal branches. 
aes Good plants, $5 per 100; extra nice, $10 per 100. 
Sg» end ior our booklet, ‘More Hedge Specialties.” | 
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PETERS NURSERY = 


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size has only one prong. Send 
diameter of chair leg. 


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THE “HERON” 


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SYRACUSE CASTER & FELT CO. 


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KNOXVILLE, TENN. 


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1722 Covington St., CINCINNATI, 0. 


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Pe? @ MATITE roofs need no painting. The owner need never look at 
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They present to the weather a real mineral surface against which storm 
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constant painting like the smooth surfaced or so-called “rubber’’ roofings. 
The mineral surface is far better than paint. 
Of course, before Amatite came, the “smooth surfaced” roofings were the 
best kind to buy. Now that Amatite has been invented and thoroughly 
tested by years of use, painting a roof is wasteful and unnecessary. The 
cost of painting a “rubber” roofing from year to year will soon cost more 
than the roof itself. That is why everybody who knows about roofing 
is buying Amatite nowadays. It needs no painting. 

Ee Amatite 1s easy to lay. Anyone can do the work. Large headed 

nails and liquid cement come free with every roll. 
We shall take pleasure in sending you a sample of Amatite 
with our compliments upon request. Address our nearest office. 


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OVETT’S 
PEONIES 


Roots Guaranteed to 
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Cost practically no more than single-eye slips, will 

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WRITE Free Peony Leaflet in Colors 

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J. T. LOVETT, trie *Sicver, n. 3. 


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with increasing interest and admiration. This 
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The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers 
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Lady of Lovell” “Princess Puck” 

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“The Success of Mark 
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‘THE GARDEN 
MAGAZINE 


COUNTRY LIFE 
IN AMERICA 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


What to Wear in the Garden 


|G Pe es the one anxiety a woman has when 

working in the garden is that she will get her 
dress soiled — that is, if she is not properly dressed 
for the work. The accompanying illustration shows 
a most serviceable apron made of gingham so that 
it can be easily and often washed. Make the apron 


Keep your gown clean while working in the 
garden by wearing a big apron made of some 
washable material such as gingham 


long enough to reach to the bottom of the skirt 
and, if necessary, it could have a bib to pin up over 
the waist. 

Sleeves reaching from wrist to elbow might 
also be made of the same material as the apron, 
and will keep the sleeves of the dress from 
getting mussed and soiled. Make the sleeves 
with either elastic at both wrist and elbow; or 
else finish off the wrist with a cuff having button 
and buttonhole. 

Riding gloves with the long, gauntlet wrist are 
of great service to the amateur gardener, for the 
heavy kid with which these gloves are made pre- 
vents the palms of the hands from becoming callous, 
and the long wrist covers the lower part of the 
sleeve. I always wear a pair of these gloves when 
working in the garden, and for greater freedom 
have cut off the fingers and thumbs. 


New York. G.S: J: 


Wear heavy leather riding gloves while gardening 
to keep the hands from getting callous 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


|-THE- 


HOME BUILDERS WANTED 


We are fully persuaded, at least in our 
own minds, that anybody who is planning or 
building a house should be a reader of Country 
Life in America, and we base this judgment 
not merely on the fact that the visits of the 
magazine, we hope, will give pleasure, but 
on the even more direct appeal that the house 
and grounds will be better, and actual money 
will be saved by reading this magazine. 

At the same time, we realize that no country 
lover wants to think houses all the time, and 
we have made a list of subjects, taken at 
random, which are treated more or less reg- 
ularly, to show the broad range of Country 
Life in America’s subjects. We have made 
no attempt to make the list complete, as we 
do not care to fill this entire page: 

Amateur Photography. 

Antique Furniture Collecting. 

Angora Goats. 

Arbors and Garden Furniture. 

Automobiles. A Monthly Department. 

_ Barns and Farm Buildings. 

Bedrooms and Their Furnishing. 

Birds — with wonderful unique photographs. 

Blending the House and Landscape — many articles. 

Building. A Monthly Section especially devoted to 
the subject, and an Annual Double Building Number. 

Bulbs. 

Bull Dogs. A Regular Dog Department. 

California. Country Life on the Pacific. 

Camping. The Joys of the Life. 


Canoeing. 

Cats. 

Chickens. A Monthly Department. 
Christmas. A Superb Annual in December. 


Cows, ordinary and extraordinary. 
Cold Frames. 
Collie Dogs. 
Country House. 
Country Clubs. 
Cross Country Riding. 

Dining Room Ideas and Plans. 


See the Building Supplement. 


DousLeDAy, Pace & COMPANY, eM SAC9 


New York City. 

I send herewith the names and addresses 
of people who are building a home in the 
country, or planning to do so. Send the 
Garden Proof to 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


TALK: OF THE - OFFICE | 


Ce o> SE Pol 


Fa Do 
Fo 

1 WCE 
I 


“To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight.”—Axlony and Cleopatra 


Disinfectants and Country Hygiene. 

Driving. 

Evergreens, a constant succession of articles. 

Electric Lights — house, barn, and grounds. 

Farm and Farming Matters. 

Feeding — Cattle, Stock, and Poultry. 

Fireplaces, new and old. 

Fishing. 

Flowers, regularly treated in a practical and helpful 
way. 

Fruit and Fruit Trees. 

Furniture, especially collecting antique. 

Game Protection. 

Gardens and Gardening, every month. 

Gardens, Annual, in March, each year. 

Golf. 

Green Houses, large and small. 

Hedges. 

Home Builders’ Supplement, already referred to. 

Home Grounds. 

Home Water Supply. 

Home Ice Supply. 

Home Lighting, etc. 

Horses. See Monthly Kennel and Stable Department. 

Hot Beds. 

House Cleaning and Keeping in the Country. 

House Plants. 

Incubators. 

Landscape Gardening, regular articles. 

Lawns, and their care. 

Melons. 

Nature Club. A Monthly Department. 

Orchards. 

Outdoor Living Rooms. 

Outdoor Sleeping Rooms. 

Owls. 

Peacocks. 

Photography, plain and colored. 

Planting, Plans and Ideas. 

Porches. 

Poultry. 

Quail. 

Skating. 

Snow Shoeing. 

Stable Building and Keeping. 

Swans. 

Swine. 

Tobogganing. 

Turkeys. 

Vegetable Gardens, and the whole matter of raising 
and cooking. 

Wind Breaks. 

Winter Camps. 

Winter in the Country. 

Wood Sheds. 

And so on ad infinitum. 


A Monthly Department. 


For the reasons stated above, we want to 
get the name and address of every person 
who is building a home in the country or 
suburb, or planning to build, to tell them about 
our magazine, Country Life in America. Will 
you send us the names of any such persons, 


54a 


and with the list send this coupon, and receive 
from us postpaid (with our compliments and 


thanks) a garden proof picture suitable for 
framing ? 


THE FALL PLANTING NUMBER OF THE 
GARDEN MAGAZINE 


For years, this magazine has dilated upon 
the importance and desirability of fall planting 
in all cases where fall planting is suitable. 
This double number for October will be 
chiefly devoted to this live subject. It will 
be worth reading, keeping, and _ studying, 
and the price is 25 cents. 

We are anxious to get in touch with people 
who are making money out of gardens of any 
kind. Personal experiences like those published 
in this and last month’s number are what we 
need, with photographs, and, naturally, all 
contributions are paid for. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE LIBRARY 


We have made an attractive, uniform set 
of nine volumes for the Garden Lover, covering 
the following subjects, all volumes beautifully 
and abundantly illustrated, which will be a 
prized possession for anyone to own: 

The Flower Garden. 

The Vegetable Garden. 

The Orchard and Fruit Garden. 

House Plants, and How to Grow Them. 
Lawns, and How to Make Them. 
Roses, and How to Grow Them. 

Ferns, and How to Grow Them. 
Daffodils, and How to Grow Them. 
Water Lilies, and How to Grow Them. 


The Books are sold on small payments of 
$1.00 per month, and are sent on approval. 
If you would like to take advantage of this 
offer, fill out this coupon. 


DouBLeDAY, Pace & COMPANY, 
New York City. 

Enclosed please find 50 cents, as first pay- 
ment on The Garden Library, in nine volumes, 
and a year’s subscription to THE GARDEN 
Macazine. If the books are satisfactory, I 
agree to pay $1.00 a month for nine months, 
If not, I am to return them within ten days. 


The Readers’ Service will gladly assist in 
54—b selecting decorations for the home T H EK G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Almost Any Garden Reader Can 
i\~ Ss Afford This 


Greenhouse 


T is within the reach of practically 
anybody’s purse. It is simply sur- 
prising to how many different uses a 
house of this kind can be put. In this 
case it is used as a leanto greenhouse, 
placed against the dwelling, but has no 
door opening from the dwelling into it, 
the owner preferring it that way. Others 
are using it aS a conservatory or sun room, 
with a door opening from the dwelling. 
The benches, ventilating apparatus and 
other features of construction are identi- 
cally the same as those used in our larger 
houses. We are shipping these houses 
from Maine to California; sometimes 
erecting them complete; in others, only 
furnishing the materials, and our cus- 
tomers have them put together. Such a finely made, attractive little house can but prove sat- 
isfactory wherever you choose to put it. 
Two more views, plans, a full description, and its cost we will be glad to send to you. By 
mentioning Ad. in Garden Magazine when you write, we will know exactly what you want. 


U-BAR GREENHOUSES 


PIERSON U-BAR CO. 
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 


ito have Costly Delicate 
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@ PEARLINE’S way 
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1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK. 


\ and Cold-frames 
Stronger earlier plants 


Results so remarkable compared with single glass sash 
that gardeners double their orders. The present com- 
pany is 18 times larger than when it started two years 
ago—solely because the sash makes good. 

The light penetrates the glass raising the temperature 
of bed on coldest days to a good growing warmth. Prac- 
tically none of the warmth escapes at night because the 
dry air between the two layers of glass is the best non- 
conductor there is—much better than mats and boards. 

Plants zeed light, the more of it, the better. Sunlight 
Sash lets in light a//the time. Almost every kind of vege- 
table or flower has been grown under the Sunlight in all 
sorts of weather and temperature. Yow can get better 
results than ever before—stronger, earlier plants. 


The Sunlight is such a big improvement professional gardeners, State Agri- 
cultural Stations and Colleges of Agriculture everywhere use and recommend it. 


It does away entirely with the hardest work, the covering and uncovering. 
Children can prop it open for airing. You can handle twice the number of beds. 


The principle on which it is built 


Heat rays followlight rays, Two layers of glass instead of one and between 
the layersisa 5-inch cushion of air. No putty, panes are lapped and by an 1u- 
genious device held close to wood, can’t possibly workloose. In thawing weather 
there is circulation enough to ventilate the bed, In freezing weather everything 
freezes up tight and air between the twolayers of glass becomes absolutely dry, 
aperfect non-conductor. Does not have to be covered evenin zero weather. 


Write for catalogue and get our freight prepaid proposition. 


Orderearly toinsure promptshipment. Fastfreight, safe delivery guaranteed 
Write today. Now is thetimeto prepare for cold frames. 


Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., 927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 


(Incorporated) 


Planted and growing 


-always Satisfactory. 


PEARLINE 


-|has revolutionized all 
Washing and Cleaning, 
especially of delicate, 
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THE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Cover DESIGN—The Garden in September 


THE VEGETABLE GARDEN : 

SELLING FLOWERS IN A SUMMER COLONY 
Photographs by Leonard Barron 

CHRONICLES PROM AN AMATEUR’S GARDEN 


Photographs by the author 
THE STATUS OF THE Dwarer Fruit TREE FROM Two STANDPOINTS 


S. W. Fletcher, G. T. Powell 
Photographs by S. W. Fletcher and A. G. Eldredge 


ENGLISH EFFECTS WITH HARDY PERENNIALS Wilhelm Muller 
Photographs by E. J. Wallis 

WHERE Tuts Yrar’s Insects CAME From . E. P. Felt 

Ellen Eddy Shaw 


Photographs by the author 
Gerhard Kolligs 


Annie A. Frost 
Sherman R. Duffy 


CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE 
Photographs by the author 


How To PRUNE FRUIT TREES s 
Photograph by A. G. Eldredge 


Fruit TREES IN OpD CORNERS . : j . D. McIntosh 
TOMATOES AS AN IRRIGATED CROP : . Lucy M. Ellis 
How To Use Up ToMaToEs . : 3 : I. M. Angell 
Fait~t WorK FOR THE SOUTH : ‘ Thomas J. Steed 


Photographs by the author 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


PAGE 


55 
56 


59 


61 
64 
68 
7O 
72 


72 
74 
74 
74 


The Readers? Service gives 
advice about investments. 


Dera 


Henry Troth 


Earzty FAtt Notes 


REINFORCED DABLIAS . C. L. Meller 


Photographs by the author 
How Tire Drainace Improves THE GARDEN , 
Mrs. Charles C. Woods 


A FRAGRANT NIGHT BLOOMER W. M. 


Photograph by D. M. “Badbons 


A CORRECTION ; é : : é ; : 
AMERICAN SUBSTITUTE FOR THE PrimRosE Walfred A. Brotherton 
Photographs by N. R. Graves and others 


PLANTING HEDGES IN THE GARDENS OF HOPE 
Photographs by the author 


Ida M. H. Starr 


CoLtor ALL THE YEAR . F. B. Cathcart 
GARDEN PUBLICATIONS 


PLANT EASTER, MADONNA, AND NANKEEN LILIES IN SEPTEMBER 
Thomas McAdam 


A FLOWER STAND FOR THE Livinc Room . . C. C. Brasher 
Drawing by H. L. Furman 
ANSWERS TO QUERIES ; ‘ é ; : 


SUBSCRIPTION: 


One dollar a year 
Single Copies 15 cts. 


F. N. Dousiepay, President 


WILHELM MILLER, Epitor—Copyricut, 1909, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 
Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 
Wa ter H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents 


H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


PAGE 
74 
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76 


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g2 


For Foreign Postage 
add 65c. 


For Canada add 3sc. 


Hardy Perennial and Old Fashioned Flowers 


That Can Be Produced From Seed Sown in August and September 


Boddington’s Quality Double Hoilyhocks 


Apple Blossom 
Bright Pink 
Canary Yellow 
Blood-Red 


Golden Yellow 
Lilac 


The above choice collection, 
Boddington’s Quality Hollyhocks, $1; 8 varieties, 75 
cts.; 6 varieties, 60 cts. Pkt. 
Allegheny, Single Fringed, finest mixed ..$0 10 $1 00 


Single, finest mixed 


Hardy Perennials 


Aquilegia 


( Columbine ), 
spurred hybrids, mixed 


including 12 varieties 


Anthemis Kelwayi (Ox-eye Chamomile) 

Pkt. %Oz. Campanula (Canterbury Bell), single, rose, blue, 
$0 10 $0 50 white mixed 

50 Campanula, double, rose, blue, white mixed 

Chrysanthemum Maximum ‘‘ Shasta Daisy’’.... 
Coreopsis Grandiflora (Harvest Moon) 
Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur), Erskine Park 

hybrids 
Digitalis Gloxinieflora (Foxglove) finest mixed. 
Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower), Bod- 

dington’s new hybrids 
Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) white... 
Hesperis Matronalis (Sweet Rocket), mixed .... 
Lobelia Cardinalis (Cardinal Flower), red 
Lythrum Roseum Superbum (Loosestrife) 
Myosotis (Forget-me-not) mixed 
Cnothera (Evening Primrose), mixed 
Oz. Papaver Nadicaule (Iceland Poppy), mixed 
Papaver Orientale (The Oriental Poppy), finest 


Primula Vulgaris (English Primrose), yellow... 
Scabiosa Caucasica (Pincushion Flower) 
Viola Cornuta (Tufted Pansy), mixed 


Boddington’s long 


Collection of the above 20 useful varieties 


Our Mid-Summer Garden Guide Now Ready for Mailing 


Contains a full list of Fall Bulbs at Import Prices. 


berries next summer. / t 
that will ower next—with full cultural directions as to sowing, and other valuable information. 


the above our Guide will contain descriptions of other seeds, etc., for the summer planting. 


This Valuable Catalogue will be mailed free to 
all who will write and mention this magazine 


BODDINGTON’S QUALITY HOLLYHOCKS 


Dept. “G” 342 West 14th Street 


Pot Grown Strawberry Plants that will produce luscious § 


A list of nearly five hundred Perennial Seeds that can be grown this year and | 
Besides § 


ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman | 


NEW YORK CITY 


54d THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1909 


eonies 


in September 


PRONTES can be and are planted at 

any time during the spring and 
fall, but September is the very best 
time for transplanting them, and if 
planted then they will bloom the follow- 
ing June; if large undivided clumps are 
planted a splendid display of bloom can 
be had. Peonies are one of our great 
specialties, and our list of varieties is the 
most comprehensive in America. We 
have now over fifty thousand plants to 
offer. 


SPECIMEN PLANTS 


Of many varieties we can furnish 
large undivided clumps at two to four 
times the price quoted below or in our 
catalogue. Immediate effects can be 
obtained by planting these large clumps 
in September. List of these furnished 
on application. The finer varieties of 
Peonies surpass the finest roses in coloring, form and size. They are absolutely hardy and of the easiest culture. They should be planted 
in deep, rich soil, three to four feet apart. Below we offer a small selection of extra fine and good varieties, but our catalogue contains 
descriptions of over three hundred sorts. Our price list, the most comprehensive catalogue of Hardy Plants, Trees, Shrubs and Bulbs 
published, may be had for the asking. Write for catalogue or make order on order blank below. 


ORDER BLANK 
To ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY, Pittsburg, Pa. Prices (6 at the dozen rate, 


(J. Witxinson ELtioTT, Pres.) 50 at the 100 rate) 

i Per uantit P uantit Per 
Sete P E O N I E ) Each doz. Wontea P E O N I E Ss Each doz. qa, P E O N I E Ss Each doz. 
...-Agida. Brilliant red; very free flowering $0.35 $3.50 ...-Festiva. Dwarf, pure white, center carmine- 5 
re We Gray. Large, full flower, imbricated, 2 eaied: soon zs USte) Bana See een Bees $0.30 $3.00 ne ‘Rubia superba ee gerne 

beautiful form; carnation salmon, powdered ...-Festiva Maxima. Very large, pure white o ate Fae i Tee was a ane 
with carmine-lilac. One of the best...... 1.50 soo6 flower, with some blood-red stains in cen- ees re igh do ae ee I.oc 10.00 
..Avalanche. Large flowers of perfect shape, fer; tall stalks, beautiful foliage, and very 68 jj. 898 | |. 9 © 10 cll a , ‘ 
milk-whire, creamy center with a few car- free-flowering. One of the best white .... Triomphe de I’ Exposition de Lille. Large 
mine stripes; late and very free-flowering, Peonies in cultivation, Strong plants. imbricated flowers, soft carnation-pink, 
splendid habit. A variety of great distinc- $50.00 per 100.75 8.00 with white reflex, carmine center; very 
tion and beauty ...... 2 ee ge 250 see Undividediclamps ermcrecaeieni--siseeeete 2.cO 20.00 fresh coloring. .-.-.---+--++-++--+-++++-2-> 1.00 10.00 
.-Buyckii. Large, globular flower; lovely Smallplantseeeee ene eee ee ner eres 30 3.00 
TOSe, es salmon-rose with silver reflex; ....Humei rosea. A splendid old sort, with 
GasRiiNG ses soorbeesosesasgcod, 26 -50 -00 deep rose flowers; one of the latest to 
..Candidissima. Beautiful anemone-formed : : Bloat A eee eae La eaten ae anes 30 3.00 KELWAY VARIETIES 
flowers; very full, clear sulphur-yellow ...-Louis Van Houtte. Large flower of lively 
with green heart; extra fine...... . ....- .60 6.00 violet-red; very brilliant ; a very beautiful Each 
..Claire Dubois. Large globular flowers, Vane by enc ee ae Pe edn Ne ga 2 Voumeaion ....Lady Carrington. Flesh very fine, sweet smell- 
very full, Bost beautiful pink, glossy ....L’Eclatante. Carmine; very beautiful .. .50 5.00 ing. First-class Certificate, R. H.S.......-...... $0.75 
reflex; very fine .- . ..-.-- -..--- - -.+ 2,00 S003 ....-Marie Lemoine (Lemoine). Extra large, we, irst- 4 
. Couronne @Or (Golden Crown). Large, free-flowering, a a iee. cree wei Sane cae oe -CxClOUs: bree cnc tea aia 2 OSHS, 
0 } ; : : i wBsts ano doa cosecrsosoqouscndaDs Sauna esosoe sos 30 
imbricated white flower, yellow reflex ....Marguerite Gerard. Lovely light pink; : 
with stripes of carmine and golden one of the most exquisitely beautiful ....Duchess of Teck. An excellent variety, large 
stamens; extra fine... ---.--620- cs ene amis .60 7.00 Peonies in cultivation .... ...-....---. - 3.00 cee and of good form, _attractively colored, creamy 
..Curiosity. Large petals of clear violet-red, ..--Mme. Bucquet. Velvety black amaranth, white and bright pink. First-class Certificate, 
those of the center transformed into golden coloring extremely dark andrich......-. 1.00 10.00 R. B. S.; Award of Merit, R. H.S.............. 2.00 
ligules; very distinct and pretty variety .. 50 5-00 ....Mme. de Verneville. Very pretty anemone Duke of Cambridge. A very handsome bright 
. Delachii. Large, cup-shaped flower, deep flowers, very full; collar of large petals, ““"""“crimson flower; a superb variety: the ve roe 
amaranth, late flowering ; fine............ 35 3-50 those of the center very close ; carnation- of its color SS MT ys, ae ay 5 
..Dr. Bretonneau (Verdier) , Large, globular white and sulphur, sometimes carmine; = | 2 ius ; pa ee 
flower; large rose petals and clear white; OSE ral se os ee ea E 85 8.50 ..-- Duke of Clarence. Cream, slightly flushed pink. 
Beat o ceeeeee cect sec ee tence eens 40 4.00 ....Officinalis resea (Old Double Rose). First-class Certificate, R. B. S......-.......-.... 2.00 
... Dugueslin. OSV ICALININE Meee eteeteeiete .40 4.00 Rich, bright shining rose; very early. y -50 ite. i 
pieneree de Nenap tics (Verdier). Rose ....OId Double Game. ; This fine old BS Aiea =P Sum ea Oy, fa ng Connicate of 255 
pink; very large, double, sweet; one of Peony is very effective when planted in dl ar Paw " 
Give lose connoneacuoucades Hosebataiete'ots sfaterehs -50 5.00 masses; one of the earliest to bloom. 
oes ELLIS ST a wey ge tow ene Per: Sain ae per 100, $20.00 .35 3.00 
fect shape ; beautiful brilliant tinted violet, ....Prince de Salm ck. Lovely lilac 
mixed with whitish ligules, silver reflex.. .40 4.00 chamois center, tufted WE@.canced Z ers Ae On etetce JAPAN ESE PEONIES 
Bach dwdoet Faek 
E aC OZ. 100 
BIOTIC Rea Peay am lm my = Coa a ae ...-Double and Semi-Double. These are 
really very cltoice and distinct Hee 
varieties grown in this country, and wi 
ADU OSS 2 \nin)aPe lm ote = =n = = n= ie Ae ee ee ee eee ee give the greatest satisfaction ......... $0.60 $6 00 $45.00 


..-Single. The finest Single Peonies un- 
doubtedly come from Japan. They are 
equal or superior to single sorts coming 
from Europe costing three times as 
BIUCH sesyern cheeses reece eee eient 70 7.50 55.00 


Please send remittance or reference with order 


Male, 


The G 


VoL. X—No. 2 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


In the Vegetable Garden 


TPS is plenty of time yet to sow 
vegetables for crops to be harvested 
before winter. Radishes, lettuce, snap beans, 
peas, and spinach may all be grown. But 
you cannot expect full returns from ground 
that has already been cropped and under 
cultivation unless it is given some special 
gare. First of all, give a good dressing of 
well rotted stable manure, which is to be 
turned under one foot deep. This will not 
only help to feed the growing crops but 
will stimulate early growth because of the 
increased warmth and moisture. 

Do not make large sowings of anything, 
but rather several small sowings at inter- 
vals for succession. 

Lettuce can be had with slight protection 
up to the first days of December. 

By all means make a coldframe now if 
your garden is not already equipped with 
one. Directions for making will be found 
on page 70. The cost of making such a 
frame will hardly be more than the price of 
a couple of dozen heads of lettuce, if you have 
to buy them. Lettuce growing in frames 
can be had all through the early winter. 
As soon as the lettuce is gathered, sow 
spinach in the frames. 

Other lettuces for sowing up to the middle 
of September are corn salad, endive, chicory, 
and chervil. This is but little known, but 
may be used in place of parsley, and is 
somewhat more delicate in flavor. 

Sow Strap Leaf and Purple Top Globe 
turnips in the first half of the month, but 
remember that turnips require a well cul- 
tivated, mellow soil and thin sowing. The 
old adage had it that the successful farmer 
left his seed at home when he sowed turnips. 

Nitrate of soda in a very light dressing at 
the rate of 200 pounds to the acre (which 
is about two-thirds of an ounce for one 


arden Magazine 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPy 


square yard) will accomplish wonders after 
the young plants are up. Do not give this 
material until the plants have started, and 
on no account exceed the quantity given. 

See to the asparagus bed. Keep it free 
from weeds and pick off all seeds, or cut 
down and burn all tops before the ripened 
seed can fall. 


Preparing for Winter 


OR winter lettuce sow seeds under glass 
during the first part of the month. 
Use such a variety as Grand Rapids Forcing. 
Sow seed for succession every fourteen to 
eighteen days in flats, potting the seedlings 
into 2-inch pots as soon as they can be 
handled. If you have a greenhouse transfer 
them to the Heche after they have made 
roots in the pots. Successful lettuce culture 
depends on a proper texture of the soil; 
use a good loam, with cow manure freely 
mixed in. Cultivate constantly and water 
abundantly just at cutting time and crop 
will be wonderfully improved by the use of 
a little nitrate of soda — say a 3-inch potful 
to a half barrel of water. 

Make preparations for carrying over the 
winter a stock of tender bedding plants — 
coleus and alternanthera, in particular, 
will succumb to the first frost. The more 
hardy plants need not be considered yet. 

Coleus in particular cannot stand a check. 
Cuttings struck early in September can be 
carried over in as low as 45 degrees. 
These will make good stock plants for cut- 
tings in the spring. Alternanthera can be 
wintered over by lifting the old plants 
and potting them up for winter, but better 
take cuttings now and winter the young 
plants in flats, allowing one and one-half 
inches each way. Keep in the warmest place 
you have, moderately dry and in the light. 
The earlier the cuttings are taken the lower 
temperature they can stand in the winter. 


Spray Elm Trees Now 


ee your elm trees have been attacked by 

the elm leaf beetle, spray with arsenate 
of lead in August. Where spraying has not 
been done or done too late, it is worth while 
to sprinkle boiling hot water on the pupa 
(half formed beetles). They will be found 
at the foot of the trees. If these are not 
caught immediately, they will quickly go 
into winter quarters to emerge next summer 
in all their vigor. 

For large trees the best and cheapest way 
is to buy a steam or gasolene engine capable 
of throwing a spray at a hundred pound 
pressure from eighty to one hundred feet. 
Such an equipment may cost $60, but it is 
better than the hand sprays for large trees. 


In the Herbaceous Garden 


BY all means plant some peonies. Begin- 

ning with September and through into 
early fall is the ideal time — better to do the 
work now than in the spring. 

The same is true of every herbaceous 
perennial plant that makes very early 
growth. 

The present month should be a busy one 
in the herbaceous border. Pansies, forget- 
me-nots, California poppy, Drummond 
phlox, coreopsis, if sown now can be wintered 
over and will be ready to bloom in spring 
almost as soon as your neighbors will think 
of sowing them. 

In transplanting and rearranging at this 
time, take advantage of the opportunity to 
manure the ground and give cultivation. 
Lift and divide peonies, phloxes, bee balm, 
funkia, goldenglow and the hardy orna- 
mental grasses. If done early in the month 
they will have ample time to make an 
entirely new root system and get firmly 
established before the winter. The impor- 
tance of this is that the tendency to winter 
heaving is counteracted. 


Greenhouse Flowers 


| PAGANS a few freesias as early in the 

month as possible. You can keep 
them later, but with a loss of vitality. Pots, 
pans, or flats can be used. The latter is best, 
because the pots do not make very decorative 
objects. A flat 2 x 1 ft., and three to four 
inches deep will take fifty bulbs. Keep 
them in the dark until growth starts and place 
them in the open until frost threatens. 
After which take them into the greenhouse 
or even the window of the dwelling house. 

Sow cyclamen seed for next year’s plants. 
Use a light, well drained compost. They 
want abundant water and light at all times. 

If you want lilies for Christmas flowers, 
get Lilium Harrisiit immediately, and as 
soon as the pots are filled with roots and 
the growth two or three inches high, put into 
a warm, moist and sunny place and keep 
growing. 

An old-time favorite and not so much 
grown now as itdeserves tobe is the Madonna 
lily. Itis more statuesque and of purer color 
than the Easter lily. Pot the bulbs as soon 
as possible, one bulb to a 6-inch-pot, put in 
a sunny place outdoors and leave there until 
the frost threatens to break the pots, when 
they may be put into a coldframe and forced 
as wanted. 

You cannot have a more striking porch or 
piazza plant in May and June. The bulbs 
potted now can be forced into bloom early, 
or held back until June as wanted, the flowers 
opening two weeks after the buds show. 


& re kce “ 
Oe ee 


bs 


Every day and all day the rows of sweet peas are thoroughly picked over, the flowers are bunched in separate colors, being sorted over after picking and 


put in water in a cool cellar. 


One hour’s work of each of the gatherers is shown above 


Massa- 


Selling Flowers in a Summer Colony —By Annie A. Frost, Ss. 


[Epitor’s Notr.— This is the second article showing how an amateur gardener, beginning the cultivation of plants purely as a hobby, 


has gradually developed a market for the cut flowers. 


Last month it was shown what could be done on the Pacific Coast, and this month we 


present a story from New England. Of course, there must be like experiences in other parts of the country. We want to know about 
anyone who has taken up gardening as an amateur, and in one way or another has turned the experience into a source of revenue, whether by 


the sale of cut flowers or plants, or by any other means. 


Each particular case has a special interest on account of the local conditions, and 


no two experiences can be alike. We want to know about other similar experiences, and will pay cash for any acceptable articles.| 


ee, from the earliest days of my 
recollection JI had an _ instinctive 


desire to have some growing plants around - 


me — indeed the love of flowers has been, 
and still is for that matter, an absorbing 
passion. As a little girl when my father 
lived in apartments above the store which 
occupied his daily attention, so I am told, 
I used to manifest my longings by digging 


The growing vines adjoining the sales stand attract 
attention and give a guarantee of freshness 


up a root of grass, using as a trowela table 
fork borrowed from my father. This insig- 
nificant little house plant I would set in a 
little soil in some odd box, raked up from 
the household rubbish and give it an honored 
position on the window sill. I tell this to 
show that I take no credit to myself for the 
development of these later years when my 
“sweet pea farm” has earned more than a 
local reputation. 

Although I now plan each year what I shall 
do for the next season’s supply of hardy 
old-fashioned flowers I must say that the 
trade has been forced upon us rather than 
that I deliberately entered in the field of 
commercial production. I did not deliber- 
ately plan to make a business of raising cut 
flowers for sale. But as we had the place 
and demands came for flowers, I began 
to respond on a very small scale and to-day 
you can see the results in my almost three 
acres of garden. 

It was something like sixteen or eighteen 
years ago —really I can’t state exactly — 
that the first trade was made. Marblehead 
was not then the centre of a “summer 
visitor” colony that it is to-day. An 


56 


occasional tourist would happen along once 
in a while and it is to the growth of this 
element that I attribute my present 
developments. 

The beginning was purely accidental. 
I was in my garden of old-fashioned flowers 
—a small plot in the front of the old farm 
house where I and my husband had made 
up our minds to settle and mdulge my 


One of the subsidiary gardens, where nothing but 
sweet peas is grown 


Par Sade: 


‘know that they may 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


heart’s desire to ‘‘potter about among grow- 
ing things.” 

It was summer time and my little bit of 
a garden was gay with roses, and irises, and 
maybe there were some larkspurs too. All 
I know for certain is that the flowers that 
attracted attention must have been of the 
hardiest and best natured of the old time 
popular favorites for I had made my garden 
without reference to anything but what was 
already growing in other front or back yards 
of this little country town. That anyone 
would cast envious 
eyes upon my results 
had never entered my 
head. One day a 
party of those rare 
summer visitors stop- 
ped before our house 
and asked for the 
privilege of purchas- 
ing a small bouquet 
of my flowers. 

The idea of raising 
flowers for money 
was so entirely foreign 
to my ideals that I 
would not hear of it. 
SoNo no. 2 lsaids > 0 
grow my plants be- 
cause I just love to do 
it, and I will gladly 
share with you. the 
flowers they yield — 
they must be cut any- 
how, and I am glad to 


pass into the hands of 
those who can really 
appreciate them. 
Come along in, and 
we will gather a 
handful together.” 
But my callers 
would none of it, and 
finally stated flatly 
“We can afford to 
pay for what wewant, 
and want to pay for 
what we have. In- 
deed if we can’t buy 
from you, we can’t 
take the flowers.” A 
small deal was made, 
the visitors departed, 
and I dismissed the 
matter. But the 
people came back — 
they would have more 
flowers, and so came 
the beginning of my present old-fashioned 
flower farm. My first customers extolled 
my wares among their friends, who also came 
in turn, and I actually found myself in the 
position of having a trade forced upon me. 
The next season I confess to having 
planned a little to be able to meet the demand 
that I felt sure would come. I sold about 
ten or twelve dollars worth, or rather I 
should say, I took in about that amount of 
cash. As I look back on it all now, I really 
think I got more than the flowers were worth. 
I had grown them by instinct, as it were, 


The garden lies in a mellow basin and never needs water. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


and gave no thought to their proper handling 
for travel or for anything else, and the 
varieties were just any old things that came 
my way. I hardly knew their family names, 
even. The truth is that the place was gener- 
ous, the soil deep, rich, and properly moist, 
and the entire surroundings and environ- 
ment gave an appropriate setting — an 
atmosphere, if you will. The place itself 
was old, the historical gun house, from the 
roof of which scalding water was poured 
on the heads of the marauding Indians, 


stands just back of the garden. And as to 
the land, it was famously fertile. As a 
meadow for years in the hands of Mr. 
Gregory, the pioneer seedsman of Marble- 
head, it yielded two to three tons of hay to 
the acre, besides pasturing several cows in 
the early part of the season. Coupled with 
these was the inherent love of the New 
Englander for the flowers of ‘‘grandmother’s 
garden.”” Although I began with the hardy 
perennial flowers, I quickly realized that in 
order to be able to meet the demand, some 
thing that would give a quick return must 


The old, square gun house is in the rear 


57 


be grown. My choice turned to sweet peas, 
and as events have proved, it was a distinctly 
lucky choice. What was originally the 
vegetable garden gradually became en- 
croached upon more and more until prac- 
tically the whole area is now given up to 
these sweet peas. The ground simply pro- 
vides ideal conditions for them. I never 
have to water from one year’s end to another, 
and contrary to all the teachings of the 
authorities, I get my best results when the 
seed is sown very thickly. A furrow is 
opened and the seed 
thrown in by hand 
and covered three in- 
ches deep. Year after 
year this same prac- 
tice has been followed 
on the same land, and 
the results are just as 
good as ever. 

I grow sweet peas in 
separate colors, and 
am on the lookout for 
any advances, and in 
a small way try the 
novelties each year. 
But I find they prac- 
tically resolve them- 
selves into a small 
handful. I grow just 
what my customers 
seem to want most, 
and the old-fashioned 
type has been more 
satisfactory than the 
larger-flowered, newer 
varieties of the Coun- 
tess Spencer type. As 
to varieties, Salopian 
is the favorite for 
bright red. King Ed- 
ward VII.isalso good. 
The pink and white 
Blanche Ferry is in- 
dispensable. I grow 
the early flowering 
selection which comes 
into bloom hereabouts 
in the early days of 
June. This year it 
was the 13th, four or 
five days later than 
usual on account of 
the cold spring 
weather that was ex- 
perienced. Countess 
of Radnor, Flora 
Norton, Mrs. Ken- 
yon, Dorothy Ten- 
nant, Lovely (pink), Miss Wilmot (salmon) 
and Sadie Burpee for white. 

From the very first I have grown named 
varieties, and have always bunched the 
colors separately. I find that the class of 
trade to which I cater is very keen in color 
perception, and much is accomplished by a 
proper arrangement of graduating colors of 
the flowers, even as they stand in the shallow 
zinc containers in the cellar, where they are 
put immediately after being picked. 

Sweet peas are bunched thirty-five -to 
fifty sprays, so as to get a uniform mass effect. 


58 


Imean that more sprays are used of only 
two or three blooms each than if they run 
to four blooms, and I am particular that 
all stems are cut full length and that all 
crooked and twisted ones are thrown out. 
The bunches are fastened up lightly at 
the ends of the stalks by slipping over 
them a small rubber band. This allows 
the tops to spread out loosely and gives a 
graceful effect. 

At the height of the season I am now 
picking three to four hundred bunches of 
sweet peas a day, and this picking is no small 
undertaking. It is done by girls who work 
as they like, as many hours a day as they 
fancy, at one uniform price of ten cents an 
hour. And there is plenty of work for all 
who come. , 

I do no shipping trade — that is, consign- 
ing on sale. I do fill orders and now have 
quite a large clientéle to which delivery is 
made directly by hand. My trade, you see, is 


Sweet Williams, because of their fragrance, are in 
great demand 


essentially local. Of recent years the summer 
resident colony has grown enormously and 
that is an easy market for such as I care to 
produce. A little competition has come 
in from time to time, particularly by one of 
the seedhouses which has grounds in the 
immediate vicinity, and so to protect my 
own interests small stands were opened in 
other parts of the town, each one in connec- 
tion with a small piece of ground where 
sweet peas were planted on exactly the 
same lines as on the original place. 

I feel that the association of the growing 
vines and the stand for cut flowers is no 
mean factor in stimulating trade. People 
see the flowers growing and they buy some 
of the ones that are on the stand, because 
they have the guarantee that they are quite 
fresh. One of these subsidiary stands alone 
sold on the 4th of July last, in the morning 
alone, 130 bunches of sweet peas. A uni- 
form charge is made all through of ten cents 
a bunch for sweet peas and twenty-five cents 
a bunch for asters, no matter what the time 
of the year, and the bunch is always a uni- 
form size. 

This entire business, although it occupies 
the time of both myself and Mr. Frost now 


THE 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Among the old-fashioned flowers the foxglove is a 
favorite, although it does not last 


practically all the season, from early morn 
until late at night, is after all merely an 
avocation. The gross returns last year were 
over $1,300. of which nearly $500 could be 
written down as profit. But, of course, it 
should be understood that I am not figuring 
on the rental of the land. If that were 
charged in there would probably be no real 
profit at all. The taxes alone on our home 
garden last year were $120. The two little 
plots of ground elsewhere are rented at nomi- 
nal figures. The two together would hardly 
be more than half an acre, and they cost about 
$40 a year. But, as I said before, they help 
the sales on the stands and give a reason for 
their existence. . 

I have no greenhouses whatever, every- 
thing is grown outdoors. The nearest 
approach to heat is a few feet of roughly 
made coldframes under the shelter of a 
retaining wall, which are used for starting 
seeds of asters and a few other things to be 
transplanted into the garden later. 

All years are not equally successful, owing 
to the incidental attacks of insects, such 
as plant lice and worms on the sweet peas, 


Sweet peas are planted very thickly in drills three 
inches deep 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


the mysterious disease of asters, and lastly 
occasional spells of inclement weather. 
When the seasons are good there are always 
some surplus flowers, and these find their way 
to the local hospitals or are distributed 
among friends and the poorer people in the 
district. Everything is picked, of course, 
in order to prevent the formation of seed, but 
nothing is destroyed. I derive my pleasure 
directly from the growing of the flowers, 
and the little income from them helps to 
pay the expenses of my indulgence. 
Although my greatest interest is now in 
sweet peas, I still raise large quantities of 
“the old-fashioned flowers,” such as sweet 
William, larkspur, gaillardia and phlox. 
The Oriental poppy is attractive because 
of its immensity of size and wonderful 
glowing brilliancy. There are also: fox- 
gloves, all kinds of pinks, and I have 
added somewhat recently Japan iris, not 
so much because it is a flower that can 
be sold, but because there is nothing more 


The Shasta daisy is better than the common one, 
because larger and more floriferous 


glorious in the garden for my own delight. 

I must say a good word for the Shasta 
daisy, which gives continuous sheets of 
bloom all through the season; and as the 
individual flower is three or four times the 
size of the common daisy of the fields, it 
immediately attracts the attention of any 
visitors. Of course it is really out of class 
among the old-fashioned flowers, but as it 
succeeds so admirably in this location and 
is so much better than the wild plant, I 
simply cannot help but grow it. 

Special crops, from time to time, bring 
in little odd sums of money, such as on Deco- 
ration Day a bed of tulips realized $10, the 
flowers being sold at the rate of fifty cents a 
dozen. But although it is a hobby it may 
be called a well established business, and I 
have advance orders for certain quantities 
of flowers in special colors for deliveries on 
certain dates. My customers are not the 
local townsfolk, but the visitors who sum- 
mer here. Some of them have told me, 
when visiting the garden ‘‘We_ should 
like to be doing just what you are doing — 
go out into the garden and work among 
the flowers — but you see we are in society, 
and cannot.” 


Chronicles from an Amateur’s Garden—By Sherman R. Duffy, 


THE ETERNAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE GARDENER AND THE HUNDRED AND ONE PESTS 
THAT THE GARDEN IS HEIR TO IS NOT WITHOUT ITS OWN PLEASURES AND EXCITEMENTS 


[Rom is it possible to love thy neighbor 
as thyself when thy neighbor owns a 
dog with horticultural obsessions ? 

It is interesting and inspiring to read of 
grand successes in growing some difficult 
plant. It is pleasing to dream of the time 
when, perhaps, you might plant a woodland 
of daffodils — personally my main desire is 
a whole acre of primroses. But did you ever 
have a good-for-nothing hybrid dog destroy 
twenty-five hybrid larkspurs that you had 
raised from seed ? 

Did your neighbors’ Plymouth Rock 
chickens ever scratch up your pet pansy bed ? 
Did you ever have your crocus buds furnish 
the first green food of the year for the same 
fowls? Did you ever wish that every leaf 
and flower in your garden was such deadly 
poison that if a dog, cat, or chicken even 
looked at the plant closely it would be imme- 
diately destroyed ? 

Did you ever have a litany spring up in 
your soul something like this: 

_ From my neighbors’ dogs, 
From my neighbors’ cats, 
From my neighbors’ chickens, 
From cut worms and aphides, 
From rose slugs and aster beetles, 
From moles and currant worms, 
Good Lord deliver us! ‘ 

I have fought the fowl of the air, the beast 
of the field, and the beast that works under 
the earth, lice, bugs, worms, and human 
beings to whom I can’t feed slug shot or 
Paris green, although I have felt in the mood 
to do so for years, to have a garden. I'd 
be lonely without some of them, and wouldn’t 
properly prize a garden, but I could spare 
one dog that has obsessions. 

One of my neighbors owns this dog. 
Her name is Mamie. Mamie is a hybrid 
of many crosses. She is squat of figure, 
of an uncertain color that would probably 
go as mauve were she a flower; of villainous 
temper, voraciously omniverous, and of most 
astonishing fecundity. Mamie and her viva- 
cious progeny, five in number, have just 
destroyed a bed of larkspurs in bud and for 
the second year broken down Aconitum 
Wilsont. heaved a brickbat at the Mamie 
family, but it was too late. 

Mamie must have a flower garden in which 
to disport with her offspring. Mine is 
the nearest, and Mamie appreciates the 
choicest plants only. 

I think there are hoodoos on some plants 
in my garden. I have six big yuccas. Yet 
in ten years they have never succeeded in 
blooming. Something breaks them down, 
eats them off, or other mishap occurs 
and no yucca blooms adorn my garden. 
Across the street magnificent yuccas flourish 
and each year throw up great stalks of 
snowy bloom. There are five stalks now 
in flower. Mine started, and Mamie and 
progeny had a party. 

Mamie won’t touch poison. She has an 


uncanny intelligence. I thought I saw 
her have a stalk of Aconitum Wualsoni in 
her mouth and felt hopeful; but if she had 
she spit it out in time. 

When I was a small boy I fell among 
evil companions and I remember that the 
proudest day of our young lives was when we 
discovered that we could command swear 
words in five languages. I’m glad I remem- 
ber most of them when it comes to the mole 
proposition. I can wage war on dogs, cats, 
chickens, plant lice and slugs, but I throw 
up my hands when it comes to moles and cut 
worms. They never are discovered until 
the damage is done, and then it is too late. 

To be sure, there are many sure death 
devices for moles on the market and many 
sage instructions about placing sugar plums 
for cut worms on the shady side of shingles, 
near where the cut worm is working. Now, 
how is anybody to know where the cut worm 
is working until he has worked? It seems 
to me if anybody knew where the pest was 
working he would stop him at once by simply 
digging him up and stepping on him. I 
certainly should. 

I have lost six young phlox by cut worms 
this year. The roots probably are safe, but 
the blossoms are gone for this year. 

The mole —like death, taxes, and the 
poor — is always with us. I can’t get rid 
of them. One mole can uproot more plants 
and do more damage and make a bed more 
unsightly than any beast I know of. This 
year, following an unusually dry season, 
there seem to be thousands of these pests. 
In dry years, the wiseacres tell us, the moles 
flourish exceedingly because the young are 
never drowned by heavy rains. They did 
frightful damage to bulb beds in the early 
spring and each day when the bed was 
inspected there was a new ridge of tulips 
lifted up. Some few blossomed, but many 
others died down, the roots being torn from 
the bulbs. 

Carbon bisulphide, so far as I can discover, 
smells like attar of roses to the moles in this 
section. It does not seem to decimate their 
number materially. Traps are a failure 
and only the family cat that will tear up a 
flower bed in jig time to capture a mole will 
really do any good. 

I once had a man working for me with 
more ingenuity than principle. He adver- 
tised in a number of agricultural papers and 
country weeklies a “Sure Death for Potato 
Bugs.” The price was one quarter. He 
took in twenty-two dollars before the postal 
authorities reached out and saved the lives 
of the potato bugs. Each purchaser received 
two nice neat blocks of wood with the fol- 
lowing directions: ‘‘First catch your potato 
bug. Place him squarely in the centre of 
one of the blocks either upon his back or 
upon his feet. Then strike him a sharp 
blow with the other block and he will surely 


59 


die. If after following these directions care- 
fully the bug is not dead, we will refund your 
money.” 

A lot of these mole killers and death on 
bugs remind me very much of the above 
potato bug death. They will kill things, but 
you must capture your victim alive first. 

The Mamie dog and the moles evidently 
belong to the Kneipp cult. They must 
turn out at sun-up when the dew is on the 
grass. Then Mamie’s floral obsession is at 
its fiercest, and many a time I have heard 
her yaps and charged forth in my pajamas 
at four o’clock to rescue some treasure. 
I’ve tried to shoot her, but succeeded only 
in getting a horrified crowd, who thought 
somebody was being murdered, and a warn- 
ing from the village constabulary abou 
shooting firearms in the city limits. 

Finally I made a cat, dog, chicken ani 
human proof device that enables me to raisi: 
plants to a size where they are not too easily 
destroyed. It is a great saver to any oué 
troubled with neighbors. The materials con. 
sist of four sixteen-foot planks, four bundles 
of laths, and a few nails. I placed two 
planks parallel, a lath length apart, and 
covered the top with the lath about an 
inch apart. Under this protection I have 
a whole perennial border growing finely, 
safe from Mamie and her family, and no 
Felis domesti-cuss has yet broken in. It is 
not proof against moles and cut worms, 
but they haven’t troubled. 

Having built this seed bed, I am positive 
that the jackass will never become extinct. 
Did you ever try some new device and have 
some ancient mariner of the neighborhood 
come cruising your way, disgorge a shower 
of tobacco juice and go ambling home to 
tell the sharer of his joys and sorrows that 
“that thar feller across the way is goin’ 
nuttier every day. He’s buildin’ a chicken 
coop to plant seeds in. Hee-haw!” This 
old fellow still plants his “peas and taters 
in the moon.” 

I wonder if anybody ever had the same 
trouble trying to raise pentstemon Sensation 
that I have. I consider this pentstemon 
one of the handsomest garden plants I know 
of but it has so upset my Celtic temper 
I have given up trying. Just as the plants 
have grown about a foot or more high some 
little worm eats out the top, burrows into the 
stem, and the blossom stalk is ruined. If 
the plant gets into flower, the same little 
caterpillars make an entrance into the stalk 
anywhere that seems most convenient and 
after following the stem some fine day you 
will find a blossom stalk broken over and the 
plant ruined until it can make fresh growth 
from the root. This is the most tantalizing 
pest I ever fought— Mamie, the mauve 
destroyer, always excepted. The trouble is 
that I have never been able to discover the 
invader until after it has made its way into 


Sune 


Some of the armorclads: asclepias and gaillardia, 
with grass pink edging 


the stem, and then it is too late to reach it. 
I have sprayed the pentstemons with Paris 
green, but apparently did not do it at quite 
the right time. 

However, if I can’t raise the large-flowered 
tender pentstemon successfully I have found 
a substitute that I like even better and that 
is the Pentstemon barbatus hybrids. I am 
particularly fond of pentstemons because they 
are the only plants I know that have the same 
soft peculiar shades as the Darwin tulips. 
The old Pentstemon barbatus, var. Torreyt, 
with its coral red tubes was always a favorite 
of mine. These newer hybrids vary from 
cream color to a dark purple and all with the 
peculiar glaucous shade of the Darwin tulips. 
I have never seen any whoops or hurrahs 
over these plants and have seen them cata- 
logued only once, but they do make a beau- 
tiful bed and are proof, so far, against 
Mamie, cats, cutworms, drought, and moles. 


Anchusa italica, Dropmore variety, was broken 
over by a dog but not destroyed 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


I have added them to my armor-proof 
list — gaillardias, asclepias, Chinese lark- 
spurs, perennial asters, oriental poppies, and 
primroses. 

But as the sweet girl graduate is wont to 
say, ‘‘Per aspera ad astra,” which being 
interpreted means first catch your pest and 
then you can surely kill him. 

Rhododendrons seem to have a singular 
fascination for new gardeners. Sooner or 
later a convert to the ‘‘city beautiful” idea, 
which is pervading our fair State, yearns 
for rhododendrons. I have a suspicion that 
among thé feminine gardeners the subtle 
attraction of the word rhododendron is 
derived from some of those beautiful novels 
in which the heroine is always a lady of 
high degree whose troubles aggravate with 
every chapter. She invariably retires to a 
thicket of rhododendrons to sob her young 
life away. Of course the scene of watering 
the rhododendrons is laid in England. 

Pleading not guilty to the novel habit, I 
did fall victim to the lure of the rhododen- 
dron. Beautiful pictures of rhododendrons 
in full bloom and plants for sale on the street 
in the early spring time enrolled me among 
the ranks of those who have tried rhodo- 
dendrons and failed. Then, too, some 
nurserymen are over-emphatic in their 
statements that rhododendrons will grow 
in “‘any good garden soil.”’ 

I purchased a dozen rhododendrons. 
That was some five years ago. ‘They were 
supposedly mixed hybrids —price, $1.50 
each. There is some little consolation in 
buying rhododendrons even if you fail with 
them. They are delivered with fat buds and 
give a fine crop of blossoms the first year. 
Hopes rise in the gardener’s breast. They 
look easy enough to grow. New leaves 
follow the blossoms and until the middle 
of July they seem to justify all the negatives 
in the dictionary about the difficulty of 
growing them. 

Come the hot days of July and August, 
and one by one the rhododendrons fold 
their leaves and droop. Copious water- 
ing helps, but the next spring finds half of 
them gone. Others follow from year to 
year. I have one left. 

It flourishes in a half-hearted sort of way, 
but it really does live, and this year looks 
better than it ever did before, which is not 
awarding it any beauty medals. It had 
three clusters of bloom which were fairly 
good. 

When I discovered that the entire dozen 
rhododendrons were all of the same color, 
I at once wrote to the nurseryman from 
whom I had purchased them, complaining 
that the description of mixed colors was 
not true. In reply I received a letter saying 
that they were imported plants and he could 
not guarantee the variety or color and he 
closed his letter with this remark: ‘I have 
yet to learn of rhododendrons being grown 
successfully in the latitude of Chicago, or, 
in fact, in Illinois.” 

Cheerful, wasn’t it? And his tatalogue 
said he had seen them growing in a deserted 
clay patch, and flourishing! 

With all the hard luck that has beset 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


A cat, dog, and chicken proof seed-bed with a 
future perennial border growinginit. Cumbersome 
but serviceable 


my gardening efforts, there is one good old 
standby that never fails, German iris. 
When we moved to our present home we 
found the nucleus of a garden in a clump 
of white iris clinging to the edge of ,a 
sand-stone ledge which terminates our 
yard and drops abruptly to the Illinois 
River, which is about thirty feet below. 
The soil was not more than three inches 
deep at most, but the iris flourished. 
These iris have been on this slope for 
eighteen years that I know of, and must 
have been there some time before we 
bought the place. I have divided and 
subdivided the old white iris and pur- 
chased other colors until I have an iris 
rock garden that is a gem. 

In addition to their grand display of bloom, 
they serve the double purpose of holding the 
soil and binding it to the rocks so that it 
does not wash away with the spring and 
fall rains. I had considerable trouble of 
this kind until I had the entire slope nearest 
the rock planted with iris. 


German iris is one of the surest ever-reliables and 
grows on the rocks as a soil binder 


Dwarf trees bear fruit of higher quality than standard trees and are easier 
to spray and pick from. ‘The half bushel splint basket is the common 
picking receptacle for apples 


When it comes to harvesting time one is apt to regret having headed trees 
very high. The fruit cannot be reached even on tip-toe. These trees might 
be headed three feet lower 


The Status of the Dwarf Fruit Tree From Two Standpoints 


A PRESENTATION OF THE FACTS IN THE CASE, SHOWING JUST WHAT 
MAY REASONABLY BE EXPECTED FROM DWARFS AND STANDARDS 


A Comparison of Limitations 
By S. W. Fletcher, Virginia 


At PRESENT American fruit-growing, 
both commercial and amateur, is domi- 
nated by the standard fruit tree. It is probable 
that this will continue to be so except in sub- 
urban gardens. The statement is often made 
that we are rapidly approaching European 
ideals in our fruit growing; that eventually 
dwarf fruits will be as common in America 
asin Europe. As our population, especially 
our suburban population, increases, we 
are undoubtedly appropriating more of the 
cultural methods of the Old World horti- 
culture But it is questionable whether this 
country will ever adopt European methods 
of training fruit trees very extensively, 
especially in commercial operations. This 
personal opinion — many other people think 
differently —is based upon the following 
conditions: 


THE MATTER OF SPACE 


We are not so cramped for space. Land 
is cheaper. It is difficult to look far enough 
ahead to discover the necessity for planting 
dwarf trees commercially, owing to lack of 
space, or the high value of land. Trans- 
portation facilities are improving so rapidly 
that it is becoming less and less an advantage 
to locate a commercial orchard on land close 
to the city, and having a high valuation. 
But in the case of amateur fruit-growing, 
we must recognize the rapidly increasing 
number of suburban gardens. The great 
movement of our population is now not to 


the city, but to the suburbs. ‘This shift is 
coincident with the improvements in rapid 
transit. Next to the farmer the suburban- 
ite, or commuter, is becoming the typical 
American citizen. 

The suburban garden will have dwarf 
trees. When there is but fifty feet square 
to plant it will be more profitable to set out 
twenty-five dwarf trees of several fruits 
than one standard apple tree — profitable 
in enjoyment, because of the greater diver- 
sity. If, however, the fruit garden exists 
primarily for money profit—the number of 
baskets filled, and jars of preserves stored in 
the cellar—then standard trees will be grown, 
even in the small gardens; and a majority 
of American fruit gardens exist for just such 
a purpose. The stronghold of dwarf fruit 
trees in America is, and will be, the suburban 
garden. 


THE MATTER OF EXPENSE 


Dwarf and trained trees cost more, from 
five to fifty times as much as standards. 
Their high first cost will deter many from 
planting them. Five dollars worth of stan- 
dard trees will plant an acre; dwarf trees for 
that area would cost from fifty to two hundred 
dollars. It also costs more to properly care 
for dwarf trees than standards. They need 
heavier fertilizing, more careful pruning, 
intensive cultivation in all respects. The 
cost of spraying, however, may be less. 
If the owner cares for the trees himself, a 
a labor of love and a recreation, all this may 
be justified. If, however, he has to hire a 
gardener for this purpose, his expense will 


61 


be heavy, commensurate with the returns: 
Labor is cheaper in Europe; and a skilled 
gardener can scarcely be secured here at 
any price. 

Few commercial dwarf orchards have 
paid as well as standards, even of Anjou or 
Angouleme pears, which do especially well 
on dwarf stocks. The future may, however, 
develop a market that will pay enough 
for fruit from dwarf and trained trees to war- 
rant the trouble. If peaches sell for one 
dollar each, as they sometimes do in Europe, 
they ought to reimburse a pretty heavy cost 
of production. We have the beginnings of 
such a market in America already. But 
it will always be a very special and very 
limited market. More people will fail 
trying to cater to it than will succeed. 
Commercially, the culture of dwarf and 
trained fruits for fancy prices is bound to be 
a precarious business; and only those whom 
the gods have blessed with rare skill should 
attempt it. 


THE MATTER OF CLIMATE 


Our climate does not make it necessary 
to grow dwarf and trained fruit trees as is the 
case in many parts of Europe. Most sections 
of the United States are sunnier and warmer 
than those parts of Europe where dwarf and 
trained trees are grown most extensively. 
This form of training is almost a necessity 
there, owing to continuous cloudy, cool, and 
moist weather. We can ripen fruit satis- 
factorily in nearly all sections of this country 
without the aid of glass, walls, or other 
methods of collecting heat. 


| 
! 


62 


It all resolves itself into a definition of 
profit. Dwarf fruits pay well—in enjoy- 
ment and enthusiasm. Even their most 
enthusiastic advocate in America — Pro- 
fessor Waugh — never claimed more than 
this. But the commercial fruit grower 
would better look elsewhere for his kind 
of profit. 


EARLY BEARING AND QUALITY 


Dwarf trees do bear very young. A 
fruit or two may be expected even the year 
after planting. This is a great comfort and 
encouragement to the amateur. If he had 
to wait six to eight years for a standard tree 
to bear he might get discouraged. Early 
bearing is especially appreciated by the 
average suburbanite, who moves every now 
and then as a matter of principle. But 
these few fruits would be a negligible 
quantity commercially. In other words, the 
early bearing of dwarf trees is an amateur, 
not a commercial, advantage. 

The superior. color and quality of fruit 
grown on dwarf trees is a matter open to 
dispute. It is scarcely worth considering 
commercially, but may be worth the atten- 
tion of the amateur. 


USE AS FILLERS 


It has been advocated that dwarf trees 
should be used as fillers between standard 
trees, to give quick returns while the latter 
are coming into bearing. I have never 
found any one who will recommend this 
plan after having tried it. It is open to all 
the objections of the filler system in general 
and has several special disadvantages. 

Dwarf trees and standard trees, even of 
the same fruit, cannot be grown together 
to any better advantage than apples and 
peaches, or peaches and currants. The 
dwarf trees require different treatment — 
they crowd the standards, they are not 
taken out soon enough, andsoon. ‘The use 
of fillers has been overdone, anyhow. The 
system, I believe, usually costs more than 
it gains; because the permanent trees are usu- 
ally stunted. In the majority of cases it 
would be more profitable to crop the orchard 
in corn, potatoes, or some other hoed crop 
than to stuff it with fillers. The use of dwarf 


Summer pruning means much in keeping trees 
dwarf. The ends of ambitious shoots are pinched 
off. This throws growth into the weaker branches, 
giving a more symmetrical tree 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The high headed tree is easy to cultivate under, 


but hard to prune, spray, and harvest. Low head- 


ed trees are usually preferable 


trees as fillers has not been a success in any 
case that I have seen it tried commercially. 


THE CONVENIENCE OF DWARFS 


An incontestable merit of dwarf trees is 
their convenience in pruning, harvesting, 
and especially in spraying. They are 
within reach. It is increasingly necessary 
to spray, and to cover every part of the tree 
and fruit with spray. This can be done 
on dwarf trees. Any one who has tried to 
dislodge San José scale from the top of 
an apple tree fifty feet high will appreciate 
this point. It has seemed to some that for 
this reason alone the time is coming when 
dwarf trees will supplant standard trees in 
commercial operations. Some large orchards 
of dwarf trees have been set out with this 
thought in mind. 

Undoubtedly the tendency will be more 
and more toward smaller and _ earlier- 
bearing trees as an economic necessity. 
But it is doubtful if the present type of 
dwarf trees will ever rule the commercial 
orchards of America. They do not have 
enough bearing surface; and they have to 
be petted too much. It is certain that the 
stature of the trees in our commercial or- 
‘chards will be reduced, but not to the 
extreme type represented by apples on Para- 
dise stock, for example. Reduction in 
stature will be secured by the use of stocks 
that will make half standards, as apples on 
Doucin stock or trees of only moderate height, 
—say twelve to eighteen feet for apples; 
and by methods of training and pruning 
that will keep the height of the tree 
reduced, but still allow it to spread later- 
ally. Trees twelve feet high and twenty 
feet wide will be more common twenty- 
five years from now than at present. It 
is becoming absolutely necessary to bring 
the bearing surface down closer to the 
ground; but I believe that in commercial 
operations this will be accomplished by 
the use of half standard stocks, and by 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


pruning, rather than by the use of the very 
dwarf stocks common to-day. 

In the natural order of things, the old, high 
topped orchard will be eliminated. The 
time is coming when commercial apple 
growers will deliberately cut down certain 
varieties when they are fifteen to eighteen 
years old, for the older the orchard, beyond 
a certain point, the greater the cost of pro- 
duction. ‘The effort will be to get varieties 
that bear very early, force them to produce 
very large crops early in life, and when the 
trees begin to get large and difficult to spray 
to advantage, to discard them for new plant- 
ings. ‘This is far more likely to be the evolu- 
tion of commercial fruit growing than that 
the dwarf trees should crowd out standards. 


THE AMATEUR IDEAL 


Dwarf fruits in America are the product 
of the amateur ideal. It belongs peculiarly 
to the man who is not bothered much about 
whether fruits pay, but is concerned chiefly 
about whether there is enough fun in growing 
them to make it worth his while. The 
amateur spirit is the result of stability, not 
of restlessness. It is the antithesis of com- 
mercialism. In the early days we imported 
a large stock of the amateur ideal direct from 
the Old Country. It came to fruition in 
the Downings, in Wilder, Thomas Barry, 
and kindred spirits. During the past fifty 
years we have been too busy making money 
to pay much attention to the amateur ideal. 
It has been an era of promoting, developing 
exploiting; days of big things— including 
big orchards. During this invasion of 
commercialism the amateur ideal has been 
kept alive at a few places, notably near 
Boston by the Massachusetts Horticultural 
Society. Now, with the trend of popula- 
tion more and more countryward, the ama- 
teur ideal is gaining ground. 

It will be a long time, however, before 
there is in the country anything like as 
much general interest in amateur fruit- 
growing and gardening, and especially in 
such a highly specialized art as the culture 
of dwarf trees as there is in Europe. Our 
people are restless, on the move, and fruit 
trees can not be picked up, like a bedstead, 
on April rst. As a people we are inclined 
more to strenuous pleasures than to placid 
pastoral enjoyment. Most of us would 
rather go to a ball game than work in 
a garden. It will take centuries, even 
as it has in England, to develop in our 
people, as a national characteristic, the 
intense love of plants—for their own sake 
not for what they will bring —which we 
admire in the English, Scotch, German, 
Dutch, and French nations. But it will 
come in time. 

In brief, I believe dwarf trees have little 
place, if any, in the commercial fruit growing 
of America. They may be used to supply 
an extremely restricted and aristocratic trade, 
among very wealthy people, but this market 
will be, of necessity, very limited. Standard 
trees will continue to dominate our commer- 
cial fruit growing, but the stature of standard 
trees will be gradually reduced. Dwarf 
trees, however, will continue to delight the 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


heart and raise the enthusiasm of the ama- 
teur —a large and rapidly increasing element 
of our population. The home of dwarf 
fruit trees in America is the suburban garden. 


What a Commercial Orchardist 
Thinks 


By G. T. Powell, New York 


x Orchard Farm we have been making 
a study of, and have for five years 
been experimenting with, dwarf trees, to 
ascertain how far they may be suitable for 
commercial planting, using the Doucin and 
Paradise as stocks for different varieties, to 
the extent of nearly two thousand trees in all. 
The Paradise apple is perhaps the smallest of 
the dwarf types, while the Doucin represents 
a larger type of the dwarf, and may be said 
to be a half dwarf. These trees are not 


generally recommended for commercial | 


planting by horticultural writers, for the 
reason that very few have had experience with 
them. 

With the very general spread of the San 
José scale, and with a constantly increasing 
number of imported foreign insect pests, 
spraying with various materials for their 
control has become a necessity. To attempt 
to control the worst of these insects, as the 
San José scale, the brown tail and gypsy 
moths, the codling moth, and bud moth, 
and the aphids, nearly one fourth of the year 
in time has to be given to this special work. 


SOME REAL RESULTS 


Five years ago we bought two hundred 
Paradise trees of the Red Astrachan variety 
which are certainly most promising in what 
they are producing. Last year (1908) 
some of these trees, but four years planted 
(and two years old when planted), yielded 
one-half box (of forty pounds) per tree, 
which sold in the Boston market for two 
dollars and fifty cents a box, which is a 
quicker return than is usually made from 
peaches in the North. 

The Paradise trees may be planted ten 
feet apart which will give 430 trees to 
an acre and with anything like an average 
production, equal to the trees that bore 
freely in the fourth year, they indicate 
possibilities. In order to realize the highest 
value from the small trees they should be 
propagated for production. First class stock 
should be obtained in the roots, and the buds 
to be worked upon them should be selected 
from well known mature trees, that are 
strong, vigorous, highly productive and the 
best of their kind. This is important, as 
small trees must be productive, if used on a 
commercial scale. 


WHAT VARIETIES ? 


We are testing a number of varieties such 
as Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening, 
Sutton Beauty, Jonathan, McIntosh, Duch- 
ess, Sweet Bough, Wealthy, Fameuse, Fall 
Strawberry, Maiden Blush, Seek-no-Further, 
Esopus, Spitzenburg, and Cox Orange 
Pippin. The last named is a rare English 
apple of a very high quality, and it promises 
to be one of the best for dwarf culture. At 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


An old established dwarf tree. It covers but 
little ground, and several such can be accommo- 
dated in a small garden 


three years of age this variety has borne 
superb specimens of fruit, one tree setting 
one hundred and thirty-five apples the 
present season. This being entirely too 
heavy a crop to permit, it was reduced to 
about eight. This tree began to set fruit 
when but one year old. 


HIGH CULTIVATION ESSENTIAL 


It is not the slightest use trying to grow 
dwarfs unless you stand ready to give the 
most intensive cultivation, and the soil 
should not only be good in the beginning, 
but must be well fertilized in addition. The 
method followed at Orchard Farm is to till 
the soil until the 1st of July, and then sow 
sixteen pounds of crimson clover seed per 
acre, for a cover crop for the autumn and 
winter. 

The dwarf tree is originally a European 
fancy and entails much labor. However, 
in pruning, excepting in garden work, 
European methods need not be adopted for 
they are too expensive. Trees in commer- 
cial culture, trained on trellises are imprac- 
tical. In planting, they should be set deep, 
that is, the point of union with the bud and 
stock should be not less than three and a 
half inches in the ground. Paradise trees 
should be grown to a height of ten feet, 
with a diameter of nine feet; the Doucin 
trees should be grown to eighteen feet in 
height with a diameter of sixteen feet. The 
roots of the dwarf trees are short, so, in order 
to sustain the larger tops, and to prevent 
their blowing over when heavily loaded with 
fruit, they must be set deeply. A few roots 
may push out from the budded stock, but 
this is not objectionable, as indeed they will 
help to sustain the trees, and hold them 
firmly in the soil. 


THE ART OF PRUNING 


In order to keep the trees well to the dwarf 
form, they must be severely pruned, and 
this work is done mainly in the summer — 
the last of June and early in July. At this 


63 


time the inside branches should be removed 
so as to give an open form, that the sun may 
shine through all parts of the trees. The 
trees should be low headed, starting the main 
branches within eight or ten inches of the 
ground. For the first few years the tops 
should be well cut down to obtain a heavy 
bush form, and to get a full development 
of fruit spurs on the lower portions of the 
trees. A high headed dwarf tree setting 
its fruit up on top of the branches is of 
little value, and is, moreover, something of 
an anachronism. 

The shortening in of the annual growth 
needs to be done with judgment and not 
before the formation of the terminal buds. 
If this is done too early the buds will make 
a secondary growth, late in the season, which 
is not desirable. While experience has not 
been long enough to determine this point, 
I incline to a severe shortening of the annual 
growth in the spring, cutting back from one- 
half to three-fourths. 

If this may be done in July without caus- 
ing a new growth to start it will help to keep 
the trees in a dwarf condition, as the spring 
pruning tends to stimulate growth. 

When dwarf trees set a very full crop of 
apples the fruit must be heavily thinned — 
at least one half, or more, being taken off 
under any circumstances. The thinning 
should be done mainly through July. ~ 


DWARFS FOR SPECIALISTS 


The planting of dwarf trees can be recom- 
mended only to specialists, and to those who 
love the finer horticultural work; they are 
specially adapted to garden culture. The 
fruit upon dwarf trees is of finer quality 
than upon standards; it has a finer finish, 
the skin is more delicate, and this gives a 
more highly attractive appearance. 

Dwarf trees will not thrive under neglect, 
and are not adapted to all kinds of soil, 
rather prefering a rich loam to a heavy clay. 
Dwarf trees possess many advantages but 
experience has not been long enough to 
give a definite opinion in comparison with 
standards in point of profit per acre com- 
mercially. The indications, however, under 
intensive methods of cultivation are favorable 
with the varieties thus far tested. 


Spraying dwarf trees with a barrel pump. The 
whole outfit—pump, barrel, hose, rod and nozzles 
—costs about $12. It more than pays for itself 
each season 


English Effects with Hardy Perennials—By Wilhelm Miller, 


New 
York 


WHAT [KIND OF PICTURES THE ENGLISH MAKE WITH NEW AND INTERESTING HARDY 
FLOWERS—IF YOU WISH TO SEE THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS, NOW IS THE TIME TO ACT 


[Eprtor’s Nore.— This is the ninth of a series of twelve articles that explain how we waste about a million dollars a year in trying to copy English garden effects literally, and 
the only way in which we can excel England. This series is devoted to the materials of gardzning, such as trees, shrubs, vines, etc. A companion series in Country Life in America 
deals with the different kinds of gardening, such as landscape, formal, rose, rock, water, and wall gardens. Both series began in Fanuary). 


HE most striking fact about perennial 
flowers in England is that the English 
people know and love a far greater variety 
of them than we do. One English catalogue 
offers 2,700 kinds of perennials. We once 
had an American catalogue that listed half 
as many, but whether more than one-fifth 
of them were really available “‘I hae’ me 
doots.”” The average English nurseryman 
seems to cultivate from five to ten times as 
many different species as the average Ameri- 
can. This means that if you wish to see 
the latest improvements in irises, phlox, 
larkspurs, oriental poppies, etc., you will 
probably have to send to Europe for plants 
during the last half of August or else next 
March. Only the commoner perennials 
are available in America. For new and 
rare plants we must still look to Europe. 

Another striking difference between the 
two countries is that the English have a 
deeper passion than we for “‘collecting.” 
Everywhere you find someone who grows 
fifty or more varieties of his favorite flower, 
e. g., German or Japanese iris, or peony, or 
the florists’ pentstemon. One English cata- 
logue contains 346 varieties of phlox, 224 
of border carnations, 180 of chrysanthe- 
mums, etc. — fully three times as many as 
you can get in America. Some amateurs 
whom I saw had the passion for complete- 
ness and stuck to one flower throughout 
their lives; others liked to weed out the 
varieties they did not care for, concentrate 
on the best, and then take up another flower 
in the same way. Some used the knowledge 
gained by collecting to produce new varieties, 
others were content with the joys of possess- 
ing flowers that no one else has and of being 
appealed to as authorities. Everyone has his 
favorite sport, but he has a favorite flower too. 
There is loads of fun in collecting perennial 
flowers and I expect to see Americans take it 
up with gusto. Have you ever collected 
fifty varieties of any hardy flower — say 

_ pinks or Japan iris or phlox or bellflowers, or 
sedum or veronicas or peonies? If not, I 
hope you will and if I can help with addresses, 
or in any other way, shall be glad to be of 
service. 

The third great fact about perennials that 
struck me is that the English understand 
better than we how to make beautiful pic- 
tures with perennials. Cultivated people 
will discuss at the table the best color 
schemes for borders, how to hide the 
deficiencies of hardy plants after they bloom, 
what flowers look well together, and the 
right and wrong way of using the latest 
novelty. The designing of garden pictures 
seems to me a higher pleasure than merely 
loving each flower separately for its own 
sake. At any rate I shall not try to describe 


all the new and wonderful plants I saw in 
England, for that would be a labor of Sisy- 
phus. I shall merely tell about a few artis- 
tic ways I saw of using hardy flowers, 
especially those that bloom between the 
first of June and middle of August. 


PERENNIALS FOR SHOWY MASSES 


The showiest border flowers that I saw 
in England were peonies in June and 
larkspurs in July. It is right to plan for 
the showiest features first, but the worst 
possible way to do it is to get a catalogue, 
select the flowers you love best, and arrange 
the plants after they come. The best way 
is to draw a diagram of the border to scale, 
dividing it into five-foot sections, so that you 
can locate every plant on paper. Next you 
make a list of the months and ask yourself, 
“What shall be my main reliance in June; in 
July, and so on?”’ Thus you decide on 
your big masses first and the “‘fillers” last 
— as any artist does. The most pictorial 
borders are designed in this way in England 
and it is thought best to have only one mass 
of the dominant flower for each period, in- 
stead of repeating that flower in the same 
border. 

Peonies are certainly the showiest border 
flowers in early June (or after the German 
iris) and double peonies are more massive 
than single ones. ‘The best possible asso- 
ciates for peonies are lilies—not the madonna, 
but really permanent ones that bloom later — 
elegans, Henryi, and speciosum. By using 
these bulbs as fillers you hide the defic- 
iencies of the peonies and get two crops of 
flowers in the same bed. 

The peony and lily idea is now familiar 
in America, but I have never seen peonies 
used in America for wild gardening. At 
first the idea seems absurd, because double 


An elm-leaved spirea, example of the bold picture 
that can be made on lawns by using robust peren- 
nials with attractive foliage 


64. 


flowers cannot possibly look wild when 
viewed near by. But if you put peonies 
at the edge of a wood at so great a distance 
that you cannot distinguish form and can only 
enjoy their color, they make a wonderful effect, 
especially in the early morning, at twilight, 
or when they light up some dark corner. 
I should like to see this notion tried on some 
great estate in America. I believe the paint- 
ers would like it. The horticultural justi- 
fication for this idea is that peonies are 
about as long lived as shrubs. 

After the peonies, the next showy flower 
is the perennial larkspur. It is certainly 
the queen of the border in July. The most 
artistic way to use larkspurs is to place them 
where they will be seen in combination with 
strong vertical lines in architecture, e. g., the 
columns of a pergola or summer house. 
Against rounded bushes they may not look 
so well. Most people mix all the different 
shades of blue and purple together. Mr. 
J. William Barr’s idea is to have about six 
pale blue larkspurs in one group, six dark 
blue in another and six purple ones in a third. 
And he would chose varieties that come one 
after another instead of all together. Per- 
sonally I cannot ‘“‘go” the double larkspurs, 
especially those with blue petals and purple 
centres. 

The English have made a great exhibition 
flower of the larkspur and lords and ladies 
flock to see three-foot spikes of the variety 
called Monument, while individual flowers 
of the Duke of Connaught are said to attain 
two and a half inches in diameter (I meas- 
ured one that was two inches across.) These 
large flowered varieties, however, are not 
always the most effective in the garden. 
They need a rather open spike in order to 
show their individual flower to advantage. 
In the garden, the long, dense spikes of small 
flowers suit me best, because the soul of the 
larkspur seems to be aspiration and this 
idea is most clearly suggested when the 
flowers approximate the spire in form and 
the sky in color. The fashionable idea, 
however, is to make the larkspur a collector’s 
flower. People often import fifty varieties 
at a time from England, but such collections 
often disappear in a few years because of 
the black spot — a disease unknown in 
England. The only way to perpetuate these 
improved varieties is by cuttings. 


PERENNIALS FOR ARCHITECTURAL EFFECT 


A moment ago I spoke of the pleasant 
harmonies produced by larkspurs when 
they repeat the vertical lines of porch or 
pergola. Other flowers with long spikes 
are foxgloves, monkshoods, chimney bell- 
flowers (a great favorite in England), 
eremurus, Verbascum phlomoides and the 


ATT 


a Be 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


bugbane or cimicifuga. On a smaller scale 
are snapdragons, lupines, and _ veronicas. 
Hollyhocks make strong vertical lines with 
their stems and so do perennial sunflowers, 
the plume poppy, the madonna lily, and 
the giant reed or arundo. 

Dome-like bushes often look well against 
public buildings crowned by domes. And 
if your house is characterized by horizontal 
lines, you may repeat those lines in flowers 
that have broad flat clusters, e. g., sweet 
Williams, achilleas, Sedwm spectabile, and 
some varieties of phlox. Doubtless it could 
be better done with shrubs, especially vibur- 
nums. But I hope no one will let such ideas 
run away with him. The vertical lines 
are worth considering, but I would always 
have something that combines vertical lines 
with the power to soften architectural hard- 
ness, e.g. the fluffy plumes of Stenanthium 
robustum or the arching leaves of bamboos 
or reeds. 

There is an architectural quality in the 
panicles of Rodgersia shown herewith, 
and the leaves might almost be called 
“monumental,” for they are bronzy green, 
about a foot across and parted into five broad 
divisions. I think. Mr. Fremlin has done 
wellto bring perennials and grass right up 
to his doorstep, for he lives among the 
flowers in a garden like that of Mr. W. C. 
Egan at Highland Park, Ill. Ordinarily, 
however, a house needs some formal planting 
to make a transition between architecture 
and nature. And, while some of my readers 
may be captivated by the fine effect of this 
Rodgersia, they should remember that herbs 
die down in winter. In my opinion, the 
most appropriate plants for the immediate 
environment of a house are broad-leaved 
evergreens, especially mountain laurel, rho- 
dodendrons and English ivy. As this picture 
of Rodgersia will doubtless start many 
inquiries I must say that the plant does 
well on the north side of a house, if pro- 
tected from heavy winds, as it is a shade- 
lover. In England gardeners are careful 
to give it a peaty soil. 


- GRAY FOLIAGE IN PICTURES 


I believe the English know better than we 
how to use plants with gray or silvery leaves, 
such as pinks, the rockcress, golddust, the 
woolly chickweed and lavender cotton. So 
great a variety 1s there that you may have 
gray leaved plants with flowers of almost 
any color or season of bloom you desire. I 
would not use many tall plants with gray 
leaves because they are very conspicuous, 
like the high lights of a picture. Fortunately 
most of the gray-leaved perennials are dwarf 
and spreading, so that they can be used rather 
freely for carpeting the ground between taller 
plants. We all know that white flowers are 
peacemakers in a border, but only the elect 
seem to understand that gray foliage has the 
same function. Our summers are so much 
hotter than those of England that we ought 
to use an abundance of white flowers and 
gray foliage. It is easy to overdo silvery 


‘masses, especially if you put them next to 


dark patches, where the contrast may be 
too strong. But gray is a softer color and 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Rodgersia, a perennial for architectural effects, its spikes repeating the vertical lines of a house 


gray leaves often have a woolly texture. 
Moreover, gray is a notable harmonizer of 
purple, magenta, and crimson-pink flowers, 
which cause perhaps nine-tenths of the color 
discords in ordinary gardens. On the other 
hand, gray foliage has a remarkable effect 
upon blue flowers, enhancing their purity 
and luster. For these reasons I should use 
gray foliage chiefly to carpet the ground 
beneath blue flowers and those of the purple 
section. 


BOLD PICTURES ON LAWNS 


The English do not spoil their lawns as 
often as we do by scattering fine specimens 
over them. But they often feel the need of 
a formal bed of flowers near the edge of the 
lawn or near the house. Under such circum- 
stances Americans are likely to use tender 
plants when hardy ones would be more 
pictorial in flower and more attractive in 


foliage. A good example is the elm-leaved 
Spirea shown on page 64. If you will 
place your hand over the flowers you will 
see how attractive the foliage is when the 
plant is not in bloom. I mentioned many 
other long-blooming perennials and plants 
with attractive foliage in an article called 
“England’s New Kind of Flower Bed,” 
in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for May, 1909. 

There is a right and wrong way of getting 
subtropical effects in a northern country. 
Tender plants never look acclimatized. 
Why not study the great tropical genera and 
find out the northernmost species of each? 
For example, if we want the bamboo feeling 
in our gardens why not use Phyllostachys 
nigra, viridi-glaucescens, and other hardy 
bamboos, instead of fancy grasses that must 
be raised every year from seed? If we want 
pinnate foliage, there are the Avralia cordata 
and Cachemirica. The classical leaf form of 


One of the American heucheras which the English like for their lace-like beauty 


66 


the fig is mimicked by the boconnias, of 
which there are four hardy species. If 
gigantic leaves are desired, there are six 
hardy species of rheum. And if brilliantly 
colored foliage is needed, why not forget 
coleus for once in favor of the metallic blue 
eryngiums and echinops? 


DELICATE, : MISTY, AIRY PICTURES 


I think we are inclined to overdo what 
might be called the masculine element in 
our gardens. You can vulgarize a garden 
by having too many plants with large 
flowers, such as_ hollyhocks, sunflowers, 
rose mallows, Japan irises, peonies, gaillar- 
dias and oriental poppies. In the same 
class belong plants with big clusters of 
bloom, such as phlox and chrysanthemums. 
A garden dominated by such robust and 
virile plants is in danger of becoming coarse. 
It needs the feminine refinement of deli- 
cately cut foliage and airy sprays of minute 
flowers, such as gypsophila or baby’s breath. 
We could make our gardens a great deal 
cooler and restfuller by always having one 
or two fluffy white masses of bloom which 
suggest sea foam, billows, fleecy clouds, and 
the like. For example, note the feathery 
plumes of the elm-leaved spirea on page 64, 
the liquid beauty of the Rogersia’s tassels, 
the mistiness of the heuchera on page 65, 
and the fleecy cloud made by the Crambe 
on page 67. 

In making such pictures the English have 
one great advantage over us in being able 
to carpet their borders with saxifrages, 
which are as exquisite as lace. They are also 
very fond of the Californian heucheras, 
which are practically unknown in the East. 
But there are many good plants of this same 
general character, e. g., the feathered colum- 
bine (Thalictrum aquilegifolium), and the 
flowers known as_ herbaceous  spireas, 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


especially the florists’ spirea (Astilbe Jap- 
onica), the fern-leaved and _ elm-leaved 
meadowsweets (Ulmaria Filipendula and 
pentapetala), the true and false goatsbeard 
(Aruncus sylvester and Astilbe decandra) 
and the lovely plant known as Spirea 
astilboides. 

The planning of a border is a hard enough 
job without complicating it with consider- 
ations of “masculine and feminine,” but it 
might be well to stroll out to the garden now 
to see whether two elements are well balanced 
Perhaps your border needs some of the plants 
just named. 


EVENING AND MOONLIGHT PICTURES 


The finest time for enjoying a garden is 
at dusk, but our twilight is so much shorter 
than the English that there is usually nothing 
left of it after supper. Many Americans 
can hardly enjoy their gardens except on 
Sundays or in the evening, therefore our 
gardens ought to be charming by night as 
well as by day, and they can easily be made 
so if we have a fair proportion of white and 
fragrant flowers. Mr. John Williams has 
stolen my thunder by giving lists of such 
flowers in THE GARDEN MacazineE for July, 
1909, pages 332 and 333. I can only add 
a few notes made in English gardens. 

Pale yellow flowers are visible by night 
and the snapdragons of this color*have a 
spectral effect. The English are also very 
fond of Lamarck’s evening primrose (known 
to seedsmen as Gnothera Lamarckiana). 

It is also pleasant to see dimly through 
the darkness white sheets of flowers carpet- 
ing the ground and still pleasanter when a 
rush of fragrance is borne to you by the 
night wind. Sweet alyssum and sweet 
woodruff furnish these sensations. And at 
Surbiton I saw a species of woodruff not 
described in Bailey’s Cyclopedia, viz. Asper- 


The Dropmore Anchusa, one of the best blue flowers in cultivation. It blooms so long that the English 
sometimes use it as a bedding plant 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


The largest of all bellflowers (Ostiowskia magnifica) 
against a superb background of Magnolia grandiflora 
in a collector’s garden 


ula hirta, which was notable for having the 
fragrance of almonds. 


WILD GARDEN AND WATERSIDE PICTURES ° 


We have a very provincial idea of wild 
gardening in America. Most people suppose 
that it means the cultivation of American 
wild flowers. If you will examine William 
Robinson’s delightful book on wild gardening 
you will see that the main idea is to grow 
the hardy plants of other countries so that 
they will look like wild flowers. He invented 
this idea for the special benefit of plants that 
are beautiful when in bloom, but otherwise 
unfit for borders or showy gardens. 

For example, we do not take our perennial 
asters seriously but the English do. I know 
one English nurseryman who offers 137 
kinds of English asters. We give little 
thought to improving our native wild flowers, 
but the English cultivate forty-five varieties 
of the New York aster alone (Aster Novi- 
Belgit). Some robust kinds multiply too 
fast for a border, but the finer sorts are 
often grown in famous show gardens. 
What American would ever take the trouhle 
to stake asters? If we do we are likely to 
make them tight and bunchy. The English 
will sometimes use bunches carefully cut 
in such a way as to be entirely invisible and 
yet hold out these great sprays of cloudy 
bloom in more than native airiness and 
elegance. I met a lady who had two 


gardens or borders set apart for ‘‘Michael- ~ 


mas daisies,” as the English call them — 
one for asters of the finest colors and another 
for the strong purples and other colors that 
ordinarily clash. The latter she harmonized 


- by using plenty of white asters. 


The English do not despise plants with 
coarse or weedy foliage provided they have 
the pictorial quality. With us the mullein 
is a by-word and a jest. But the English 
cultivate fully twenty species of them. The 
great golden candelabra of the Grecian 
mullein (V. Olympicum), borne on plants 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Solomon’s seal is a great favorite in English gardens, 
It is thought to suggest the flight of birds 


six to ten feet high make a stirring spectacle. 
Many mulleins have noble rosettes of huge 
silvery leaves. And breeders have improved 
the old purple mullein (V. phaeniceum) 
until it now has a fairly good pink in addition 
to violet, lilac, rose, white, and copper color. 

How little imagination we exercise toward 
plants whose chief fault is that they are 
easy to grow! For example, many Americans 
have discarded Polygonum Sachalinense 
because it multiplies too fast. An English 
gardener told me that, if you will pull the 
suckers, hardly any will be formed after the 
third year. And if you confine the plant to 
three stems and feed heavily it will make 
an extra tall and thick bush, and arch so 
gracefully that you may use it as a specimen 
plant on the lawn. I believe we could make 
some extraordinary pictures by applying 
this principle to the perennial sunflowers 
and the plume poppies or bocconias. Other 
tall plants of rough or coarse habit that make 
very striking pictures in English wild gardens 
are the giant silver thistles (Onopordon and 
the like), the compass plants or silphiums and 
the metallic blue globe thistles and sea hollies. 

I often saw great clumps of moon daisy 
(Chrysanthemum wuliginosum) reflected in 
the water. This plant never attains mag- 
nificent proportions in a border unless it is 
given an extra supply of water. A big 
colony by the waterside holding up thousands 
of great white daisies at a height of six feet 
is a vision of beauty. 

The greatest of all waterside effects in 
England is the titanic foliage of Gunnera, 
the leaves attaining a maximum breadth of 
eleven feet. This is not hardy with us. 
The biggest leaf we can have is that of 
Rheum Collimianum. 

Of all the tall perennials I saw by the 
waterside in England, the most refined, it 
seemed to me, was Polygonum Sieboldii or 
cuspidatum. 


PICTURES CONTAINING LIFE 


The brooding peace of secluded English 
gardens is made sweeter by the presence of 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


white doves. The magnificence of others 
is enhanced by the presence of peacocks. 
We ought to attract song birds to the garden 
by providing a drinking and bathing place 
for them. I cannot even hint at other ways 
of bringing life into the garden because my 
subject is perennial flowers. But we can 
use some of these to lure interesting creatures. 
In the “‘American Flower Garden” Neltje 
Blanchan gives a list of red flowers with 
long tubes that will attract the humming 
bird. It includes bee balm, wild red colum- 
bine, cardinal flower, and Coquelicot phlox. 

Very much like humming birds are the 
hawk moths, which fly at dusk and are 
sometimes called humming bird moths. 
These you can attract by having plenty of 
fragrant white flowers with long tubes. I 
have seen a dozen of these gorgeous creatures 
hovering over masses of the phlox called 
Miss Lingard. Nicotianas and _honey- 
suckles will draw the largest and showiest 
moths, such as the Luna, Cecropia, Cynthia, 
and Imperial. 

However, moths are night fliers and there- 
fore not so important as the butterflies, 
which animate a garden by day. Among 
the largest and most gorgeous of these are 
the swallowtails which visit a great variety 
of flowers. Violets attract the butterflies 
know as fritillaries. Snapdragons attract 
the nymph which the entomologists call 
the ‘“‘buckeye.”” The enthusiast who desires 
further suggestions along this line may 
glean them from Comstock’s ‘“‘How to 
Know the Butterflies.’ There is one 
plant worth having in every garden 
because it is habitually covered with 
more butterflies at a time than any other 
I know. This is the blazing star or the 
Kansas gay feather (Liatris Pycnostachya). 
If anyone knows a butterfly magnet to 
equal it I wish he would tell me. 


° 67 


Lafcadio Hearn has a delightful study 
of the musical insects of Japan which are 
raised and sold in cages. More practical 
for us is Mrs. Comstock’s chapter on 
‘“‘Pipers and Minnesingers” in ‘‘Ways of 
the Six-footed.” The finest singers among 
the insects are the bees. The quaint old 
beehives in English gardens are not only 
picturesque but furnish a mellow and 
soothing hum. Bees are popularly supposed 
to have an affinity for flowers and the labiate 
type flower is certainly adapted to them. 
Nearly every garden contains some labiates, 
or members of the mint family, e. g., thyme, 
lavender, bugle, beebalm, or obedient 
plant. There are plenty of other plants 
in every garden to attract bees, but if you do 
not know Salvia pratense I wish you would 
try it. For then you will be sure of a good 
humming all day long and it is a brave sight 
to watch the stamens suddenly spring forth 
from their places of concealment and rub the 
backs of the bees with their golden pollen! 

I like to close these articles with a list of 
the best books that may help a student fur- 
ther, but in this case 1 am ata loss. Nature 
is more wonderful than any account of it, 
and the full beauty of gardens can never be 
gotten into books. If you wish to make 
your garden more pictorial go to the nurser- 
ies now and see plants. Then go to gar- 
dens where they are artistically combined. 

The first half of September is an excellent 
time to set out new plants of perennials, 
excepting chrysanthemums, anemones and 
a few others. And if you wish to raise 
perennials from seed the best article I know 
of is ‘‘Flower Seeds for Present Sowing” 
by Mr. McCollom in THE GARDEN MaGa- 
ZINE for October 1908. Seeds of perennials 
are easily and cheaply imported from 
Europe, for they are light and there is no 
duty on them. 


Crambe orientalis. a relative of the seakale which grows five to seven feet high and produces clouds of 
white bloom 


Where this Year’s Insects Came From—By E. P. Felt, Site 


THE CAUSES THAT CULMINATED IN THE EXTRAORDINARY ONSLAUGHT OF PLANT LICE DURING 
THE PAST SUMMER — THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPEARANCE AND ITS PROBABLE CONSEQUENCE 


Mees of plant lice were to 
be found recently on the foliage 
of many trees, shrubs and other plants. 
The abundance of these small insects was 
most remarkable and is comparable only 
with the outbreaks of 1897 and 1903, years 
distinguished by the superabundance of 
plant lice. Observation and weather records 
show a correlation between temperature and 
the multiplication of aphids. The present 
season was remarkably cool and backward, 
a marked change for the better occuring June 
2ist. The earlier cool weather was favor- 
able to the plant lice, while the more recent 
warm weather permitted their natural 
enemies, such as lady beetles, flower flies 
and minute four-winged parasites to multiply 
and perform a most important function in 
checking the hosts of destructive aphids. 

Similar climatic conditions prevailed in 
New York State during the outbreaks of 
six and twelve years ago. Recent obser- 
vations on the spring grain aphis in the 
Southern and Middle states have shown 
a correlation between temperature 
and the development of plant lice 
and their enemies. 

Furthermore, experiments 
have demonstrated, in the 
case of this species, the futility 
of large importations of para- 
sites in the expectation of 
hastening its subjugation. 

It should not be assumed 
from the above that tempera- 
ture is the only factor con- 
trolling insect outbreaks — such 
is farfrom the case. The recent 
extensive defoliations of forest 
and shade trees by leaf-eating 
caterpillars of various species 
are, in the majority of cases, due 
to the relative paucity of natural 
checks, such as insect enemies 
and particularly insectivor- 
ous birds. The reckless 
and criminal slaughter of the latter in 
recent years has already begun to have 
its effect in disturbing the balance of 
Nature. Army worms are controlled mostly 
by parasites, while their abundance may be 
demonstrated by such a relatively slight 
factor as a hail storm destroying a portion 
of the feed in an infested area and producing 
later the familiar marching caused by a 
scarcity of provender. 

The variations in numbers of May or 
June beetles and their destructive grubs in 
grass land is due in part to the fact that 
three years are required to complete the life 
story, hence the more or less triennial 
character of these visitations. Rose beetles, 
frequently abundant in widely separated 
localities, appear to be influenced only 
slightly by weather conditions, the size of 
swarms being controlled mostly by the 


The cockscomb elm gall is very common. 


proximity of large, sandy areas in grass, 
the preferred habitat of this devastating 
beetle. Other factors are also important in 
determining the abundance of insects. 

It would be extremely hazardous to ven- 
ture a prediction as to what pest might be 
troublesome another year, though it is 
safe to add that were either the brown 
tail moth or the gipsy moth of Mass- 
achusetts to become abundant in a locality, 
the residents would be more than satisfied 
to have the scourge abated. 

Plant lice, des- 
pite their 
overrun- 
ning 


of attacks by a plant louse 


vegetation and the abundance of sticky 
honeydew so frequently present, are extremely 
interesting. ‘There are something like 325 
species occuring in America, each exhibiting 
peculiarities in habits and structure. A plant 
louse may be defined as little more than an 
animated egg-producing sack, expressly 
designed by Nature for rapid multiplication. 
The fecundity of certain species is appalling, 
since only eight days are necessary for the pro- 
duction of one generation. Professor Riley, 
some years ago, estimated that the descen- 
dantsof but one hopplant louse in one season, 
under favorable conditions, might be sufh- 
cient to blight hundreds of acres within two 
or three months. 

Plant lice are small, many being about 
one-tenth of an inch long. They are easily 
recognized by the somewhat swollen, sack- 


like body and the slender feelers or antenne, 


68 


It is the result 


frequently as long as the body and just 
above the conspicuous eyes. Four mem- 
branous wings may or may not be present. 
Most characteristic of all is a pair of con- 
spicuous honey tubes near the posterior 
extremity of the body. These insects exhibit, 
among their various species, a large variety 
of colors. 

Plant lice are practically helpless of them- 
selves, so far as protection from natural 
enemies is concerned, and depend in large 
part upon their wonderful fecundity. They 

have important protectors in ants which 
profit by feeding upon the sweetish honey- 
dew produced by the aphids. Some ants 
even go so far as to colonize plant lice 
on the roots of grasses and care for 
them as carefully as a farmer pro- 
tects his milch cows. 
A number of species of plant 
ij lice have forced themselves upon 

» the attention of the public dur- 
ing this season. A very pretty 

form, dressed in a gay livery 
of red, white and black is 
known as the painted maple 
leaf aphis and is sometimes 
quite injurious to the foliage 
of soft maples in particular. 
One of the most common 
and abundant is the rosy 
apple aphis, a pale rosy- 
greenish form, frequently so 
abundant as to curl most of 
the more tender leaves on 
young apple’ trees at least, and 
seriously affect the foliage on older 
trees. Two other species are occa- 
sionally associated with this destruc- 
tive form. The woolly apple aphis 
usually forms patches of white on 
the trunks.and branches, partic- 
ularly around scars and wounds 
and is responsible for ugly defor- 
mations of the roots. Plum has 
been ‘badly affected by a greenish 
plant louse, while the exceedingly destruc- 
tive black cherry aphis has been more than 
usually abundant, blasting many of the more 
tender leaves. Elms and maples have been 
levied upon so freely by these animated 
pumps that the foliage and even the ground 
beneath has been kept wet and sticky by the 
copious excretions. ‘This honeydew is liable 
to become infected by a sooty fungus and 
then the besmeared foliage becomes very 
unsightly. 

The relations between plant lice and their 
food plants are by no means simple. The 
hop aphis, so destructive to hop yards in 
many sections of the country, winters on the 
plum and passes several generations on that 
tree before forsaking it in June for the hop, 
where it may produce four to twelve gener- 
ations before returning tothe plum. A most 
interesting plant louse produces an oval. 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Peculiar fruit-like swellings occur on the sumac. 
These are full of the aphids 


spiny, green bud gall some three-fourths to 
an inch long on witch-hazel. This species 
also occurs upon the birch, causing irregular 
corrugations in the leaves and _ exhibits 
some very interesting modifications in struc- 
ture. Some of the generations differ so 
markedly that they might easily be mistaken 
for scale insects or bark lice. 

The conspicuous alder blight, so common 
on alder in midsummer, is a plant louse 
decked out with long, white tresses and, 
strange to say, this plant louse also occurs 
upon maple leaves, and for a time was 
regarded as a distinct species. 


SOME PRETTY GALLS 


The cockscomb elm gall, easily recognized 
by the long, irregular, frequently red-tipped, 
cockscomb-like swelling running parallel 
with the veins, is very common, and is 
sometimes so abundant as to seriously 
deform the leaves. The green or reddish, 
cone-like galls some three-fourths of an 
inch long on spruce are produced by another 
plant louse which is occasionally quite 
injurious to this tree. The globular aphid 
galls on hickory with a geode-like interior 
due to the hosts of plant lice on the inner 
surface, are very common and are caused 
by close allies of the destructive grape 
phylloxera. 

The hickory leaf stem gall, an irregular 
green or black swelling half an inch in 
diameter, is abundant and destroys many 
leaves. Both the sumac and the slippery 
elm are the host plants of gall-making lice, 
noteworthy because they produce a very 
large, irregularly pear-shaped, bladder-like 
retreat, thickly populated with aphids in 
various stages of development. It is remark- 
able that certain plants find themselves 
literally compelled to produce extra tissue 
in the form of galls, and thus provide shelter 
for their enemies. 

Plant lice may be destroyed in large num- 
bers by pelting rains and other adverse 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


climatic conditions. They are also subject 
to attack by insect enemies. The familiar 
red, black-spotted lady beetles and their 
ugly, black grubs are among the most com- 
mon and beneficial of the natural enemies. 


NATURAL CHECKS 


Many an outbreak has been arrested in its 
incipiency by the activities of those little 
creatures. The handsome flower flies 
deposit delicately sculptured eggs in colonies 
of plant lice and the greenish or yellowish 
varicolored maggots devour hosts of aphids 
before they attain maturity. The small, four- 
winged parasites are most efficient checks. 
Many a colony has been depopulated by 
these little insects, as is evidenced by the 
clusters of greatly swollen, brown corpses, 
each presenting indisputable evidence of hay- 
ing once been the home of a parasite. These 
beneficial forms, as explained above, usually 
become abundant with the advent of warm 
weather and check these enemies of plant 
life. 


NOT OFTEN SERIOUS 


Trees and shrubs are rarely very seriously 
injured by the abundance of plant lice, 


Young condition of the alder blight, due to a louse 
which may also be found on maple leaves 


The white tresses of the alder blight are conspicuous 
in midsummer, making a very striking effect 


69 


i 


Sometimes the whole leaf may be changed in ap- 
pearance. Ash leaf deformed by a jumping louse 


though growth is frequently checked and 
the size and quality of the crop materially 
reduced. Only very occasionally, when 
the attack is exceedingly severe and pro- 
longed, is the tree severely injured. Ordi- 
narily a well cultivated, vigorous tree or shrub 
will quickly recover from such attacks. 
It is unwise to cultivate and fertilize trees 
and shrubs freely after July, in an attempt 
to overcome the effects of a plant louse out- 
break, since a succulent growth late in the 
fall is liable to be followed by winter injury. 


PREVENTION VS. CURE 


It is impossible to control plant lice satis- 
factorily by the application of contact 
insecticides after the foliage has become 
badly curled, unless is it feasible to dip the 
tips, a process specially adapted to young 
trees. The most practical way to handle 
these insects is to closely watch their 
development. 

A rapid increase of the pests with an 
absence of parasites and an undue pro- 
longation of cool weather should be followed 
by thorough spraying before the leaves curl 
to any extent. Even an ordinary ivory 
soap solution, a five cent cake to eight 
gallons of water is very effective in checking 
many plant lice and not harmful to leaf 
tissues. A whale oil soap solution, used 
at the rate of one pound to six or seven 
gallons of water, or the standard kerosene 
emulsion diluted with nine to fifteen or more 
parts of water is frequently employed. The 
latter is made by dissolving a half pound of 
soap in a gallon of water, adding two gallons 
of kerosene and then agitating thoroughly 
until a milky, homogeneous mixture is pro- 
duced; then dilute to the required amount. 
Ready made oil emulsions requiring dilutions 
only before application are on the market 
and are much more convenient for the small 
grower. 


A Good Problem for Manual- 
Training Classes 


J ho make a hotbed similar to one sug- 
gested by the accompanying sketch, 
or as shown by the illustration on the next 
page, is a problem that is well within the 
ability of pupils in the last grade of the 
grammar school, and one that instructors 
in manual training may find exceedingly 
valuable as a ‘‘group”’ problem. The 
practical value of the coldframe when com- 
pleted and put to use appeals alike to pupil 
and parent. 

Second quality white pine, chestnut, or 
a good grade of hemlock will answer for 
material. The problem will be simplified 
if boards fourteen inches wide can be 
secured, but this is not necessary as two 
pieces of narrower width may be fastened 
together with cleats to give proper widths 
for back and end pieces. 

The lumber for sides and ends should be 
one inch thick while strips marked A 
and B should be one and one-fourth 
inches thick. 

Cut out pieces 14 in. x 5 ft. 7 in., and to 
in. x 5 ft. 7 in., for the back and front 
respectively. Cut two pieces 14x 36 in., 
and shape them according to drawing 
for the ends. Nail these four pieces 
together to form the frame. The sides 
should be nailed to the ends. Use ten- 
-penny nails and drive them slantingly. 

Saw out strips A two inches 


SEPTEMBER IS THE MONTH FOR RE- 
SULTS IN 


THE GARDEN—RESULTS 
MAY STAND FOR LARGE PUMPKINS 
AND FINE BEETS— RESULTS MAY MEAN 
STRONGER BODIES, CLEAR HEADS AND 
A WHOLESOME RESPECT FOR PROPERTY 


Conducted by 


ELLEN EDDY SHAW 
New York 


A should be planed slightly slanting to 


make them exactly even, or “flush” with 
front and back boards. The primary object 
of strips A is to keep the frame from 
bulging at the centre. 

Three common single window sashes, 
22 in. x 3 ft., make an excellent cover for 
the frame. These should be placed in 
position and fastened to strip B with 
two-inch butts. It should be noted that 
the sashes project over the front so as 
to carry the water away from the frame. 
The sash should be fastened to the 
frame, putty side out. The sash should 
be marked for their respective posi- 
tions, then if moved during early winter 
they may be placed back again in correct 
position. 

When complete, the entire frame should 
be painted two coats of dark green paint. 

The size and shape here given are merely 
suggestive, the essential point is to make 
a frame that can be covered by any sash 
that may be readily obtained. It is further 
hoped that a lack of new lumber, or new 
sash will not deter either instructors in 
manual training, or even the boys from 
trying this interesting problem in school, 
or at home. 

The hotbed illustrated on the next page 
was made by a group of four boys in 
the eighth grade of a grammar school, at 
Trenton, N. J. Witi1am R. WARD, 


Supervisor of Manual Training. 


wide and as long as the slanting 
edge of the end of the frame. 
Care must be taken with this 
measurement not to measure 
the slanting edge of the end 
piece only, but to include with 
it the thickness of both front 
and back pieces. Saw out 
two more pieces two inches 
wide and as long as the frame 
is wide at the bottom. Prepare 
strip B 23 in. x 5 ft. 7 in. 
Lay out notches marked A 
by dividing top and bottom 
edges of front and back into 
three equal spaces. Cut notches 
to receive strips marked A. 
Nail strips A in place, also 
B. To make a neat piece of 
workmanship the ends of strips 


Detatl of Back or front 
Showjng notch To receive 
Strips “markea A 


Ifthe boys will make a hotbed or coldframe from this plan they can have plants 
growing all winter, not to speak of its service next spring in starting seeds early 


70 


Hotbeds and Coldframes 


(pee directions given above are for 
either a hotbed or a coldframe. The 
use you wish to make of it determines which 
we shall call it. If you wish just to keep 
plants along and force in early spring then 
it’s a coldframe you want. If you desire 
results all winter, then it is the hotbed. 
Whichever it is to be, choose a southern 
exposure up against a sheltering wall, fence, 
or building for the placing of the frame. 


The hotbed depends for the heat on fer- — 


tilizer below ground, the coldframe on the 
natural heat of the sun. 

So if you are placing the frame for hotbed 
purposes dig below ground about two and 
a third feet. Two feet of manure should be 
placed in this cavity, then four inches of 
good soil. At the ground level set the frame, 
banking all around with manure or leaf 
masses. 

If the frame is for the preservation of plants 
through the winter and for early forcing, 
then the soil should be spaded up and should 
have mixed with it about three inches of old 
rotted manure. 


A Water Garden 


[2 not a bad plan to get some of your 

work done now for next summer: 
Too soon? Not a bit of it! Some of you 
may wish to have toads’ eggs, water lilies, 
fish, or a birds’ drinking and bathing place 
4%» in your garden next year. 
This means making an arti- 
ficial pond, not hard to make, 
unless you take too big a con- 
tract on your hands. The 


in a new undertaking is this: 
don’t be too ambitious. 

Find a rather sheltered spot 
if you wish for toads, fish, or 
birds, but if you have water 
liies in mind, make it out 
more in the open and sun. 

You need for business, Port- 
land cement, sand and rock, 
a trowel, water and a wooden 
soap box. This last is to mix 
your mortarin. Take a trowel 
full of cement to three of 
sand and four of small stones 
up to one inch in size; add 


thing always to keep in mind 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


water, and mix well. You need water 
enough to make a thin paste. Before 
making the cement you should have your 
pond space already dug out, for the 
cement has to be quickly put on before 
it hardens. I would not make too big a 
pond this year; try one say three feet long 
by two and a half wide, by a foot deep. 
Stake this off as you did your garden this 
spring and then dig out the earth. You 
should dig down about three feet because 
there is a foundation to be laid. Place large 
stones over the entire bottom of the pond, 
fitting them in with smaller ones, building 
up to within fifteen inches of the surface. 
Now you are ready to cement. The bot- 
tom of the pond should first be covered 
with the cement, sand, and stones that you 
have made into a paste. Put on two or 
three inches thick. Do not mix much 
cement at a time, as it stiffens so rapidly. 
Put the mortar on with your trowel; just 
throw it on and smooth off. 

One boy used a good way to cement the 
sides; you know .a mortar on the sides is 
liable to drop back down into the bottom. 
Place a board on the bottom of the pond and 
hold it slanting so there is a space between 
the board and the side you are to plaster 
over. Now drop the mortar down into the 
space and press up against the side. It 
works well. A shingle is good for this. 
When the sides are finished cement all 
around the pond to about four inches from 
the edge. This saves breaking away. Or 
better yet, get or make a box the exact size 
of the inside of the pond, i. e., 3 ft. x 2 ft. x rft., 
place this on the cemented bottom, then fill 
in around this up to the surface with the 
cement mixture, pressing this down with a 
stick in layers as you go along. Do not let 
much time -elapse between the placing of 
one layer and the next. Leave the box in 
two days, then break it out and your pond 
is complete. If the sides are left rough 
smooth off with cement and water mixed 
to a thin paste —this can be painted on 
with a whisk broom. 

After the pond has dried for a few 
days fill with water to be sure it does 
not leak. If the surface does not lower 
much after standing for a number of 
days, it is surely all right. 


Here, where the country boys play, thoughtless 
citizens drive across the sward spoiling the appear- 
ance of the school yard 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


For a hotbed put in a layer of manure to give 
heat inside; for a coldframe the sun’s rays give 
all the heat necessary 


Now I would take out all the water some 
time in September; then let the sun do its 
good work of drying and make a board 
which will fit over the entire opening of the 
pond. ‘This is to keep out all snow and ice 
during the winter; for if you leave it all 
open, by spring it will be badly cracked and 
spoilt. 

There is no end of fun connected with 
a water garden. 


Improvement of School Grounds 


Wi rural schools were dropped down 

in unpromising spots, when good 
pieces of land were available, no one can 
say. But the fact remains that wherever 
in a district was a little, rocky, three-cor- 
nered, uninteresting piece of land, right 
there a school house was built. 

We are offering prizes for the best work 
done along lines of betterment in just such 
spots. One missionary teacher of the 
school shown in the picture herewith drove 
eight miles to tell of the work she had been 


doing. Her school grounds were even more- 


discouraging than they look in the left- 
hand picture. The front yard—din fact 
the entire yard — was full of stones, the 
stone walls were tumbling down, in sum- 
mer cows were pastured in the yard, and at 
any time wagons drove through, using the 
playground, which is seen in the left picture, 
as a short cut to the road beyond. 

Not the least part of this task of improve- 
ment was to reform the careless citizens. 


. But it was the right sort of teacher that 


solved the problem. 

First the stones were picked, dug, and 
pried up. Some of them helped to mend 
the fence; the rest were carted off. This 
digging up of stones left holes, holes which 
took time, ashes, and much work to fill. 
After this came the sodding over of these 
bare spots and of the hard-trodden ground 
before the school doors. 

A marshy spot gave promise of good 
growth for swamp-loving trees, so here 
were planted willows. And they lived. 
By the side of the building were put white 
birches and cedars. The cedars died; but 
cedars are hard to transplant, so, after all, 
this need not discourage our friends. Then 
came the flowers: poppies, golden glow, and 
rose bushes made a good start. In a shady 
spot bloodroot was placed from the woods. 


71 


Over the unsightly coal bin morning-glory 
vines now have started to climb. 

See what these country boys and girls did; 
they took account of stock and then made 
the best use of their property. Stones with 
which to mend a dilapidated wall; a wet spot 
for swamp trees or plants; a shady spot for 
wood-growing plants; an unsightly bin; the 
trellis for a vine: all these seemingly poor 
conditions presented opportunities to them. 

One lad settled, perhaps, the hardest 
problem of all. The grazing cattle in one 
day could do more harm than all these 
fifty boys and girls could make up for in 
weeks of labor. Here is his solution. All 
summer long the boys are to take scythes 
and go by turns to the grounds, keeping the 
grass so short that no farmer will be 
tempted to stake his cow. there for feed. 

“Are not people interested enough,” I 
asked this teacher, ‘‘to keep from foddering 
cows and driving their own teams on your 
grounds?” “The parents,” she replied, 
“are much interested, but it takes time to 
make the community proud of our work. 
It will come, though.” Of course, it will. 

This school is in our contest. These boys 
and girls are to have a flower and vege- 
table show this fall. Don’t you wish all of 
us could go up and celebrate with them? 


An Answer to the “Pumpkin 
Challenge ”’ 


AKEN from a letter written by Pro- 
fessor C. F. Hodge, of Clark Univer- 
sity, to ““The Children’s Editor.” 

“My Roland has some pumpkins grow- 
ing in a rich spot, from one that weighed 
seventy-six and a half pounds. He also has 
a stable and a sink of liquid manure to 
draw on so that Elliot Thomas would do 
well to keep a sharp eye out. He may 
beat Roland, but I have my doubts. I 
would be willing to bet one dollar on him 
anyway.” 


When you go back to school this Septem- 
ber do not be discouraged if your garden 
looks the worse for the summer. Of course 
it will. Even if your committees have 
worked faithfully it is not the same as if 
you had all been on the spot all the time. 


A type of country school teeming with possi- 
bilities for improvements. Why are the schools 
neglected ? 


How to Prune Fruit Trees 


pee trees may judiciously be pruned the 

whole year around, but the time when the 
work can be most easily done commences with the 
dropping of the leaves in the fall and ends with the 
appearance of the new growth in spring. Tools 
for pruning — pruning scissors, pruning saw, knife, 
and, for tall trees, the long-handled pruning hook— 
must be kept sharp, and the scissors and hook also 
lubricated. Besides these tools it is desirable to 
have a three-legged stepladder, which is especially 
constructed for orchard use. 

Before starting to prune, consider what you are 
going to do. Take a good look at the tree about 
to be pruned and make your plans. ‘The actual 
work commences on the ground. Water shoots 
springing from the ground should not be cut off 
merely on the level with the ground’s surface — 
dig down to the origin of them and cut close to the 
root or stem, or wherever they may spring from. 
This done, remove or mend all broken branches. 
Always aim to close up empty spaces caused by 
broken limbs. You may do this by bending and 
tying certain limbs, or by encouraging the growth 
of neighboring branches. 

Walk around the tree, and shorten last year’s 
growth on the lower branches about one third, 
always aiming toward giving a circular shape to 
the whole tree. Take the step ladder and again 
go around the tree, trimming last year’s growth 
higher up but somewhat shorter than on the lower 
branches. So continue to the top of the tree, going 
around it several times until, when finished, the 
tree presents an almost 
globular shape, the top 
branchlets being short- 
ened to less than a 
quarter of their previous 
year’s growth. Never 
attempt to save time by 
pruning the entire height 
of the tree on one side; 
if you do this you will 
certainly give the tree 
an ugly shape. ‘The 
higher up you go, the 
oftener will it be neces- 
sary to cut out, of two 
or three branchlets, one 
or even two. In this 
case cut out the weaker 
ones or those growing 
to the inside of the tree, 
provided they are not 
necessary to fill empty 
spaces. 

This is the pruning of 
an orchard tree, which 
has been attended to 
regularly every year. It 
is more difficult to prune 
a tree which has been 
neglected for two or 
more years, and it is very 
difficult to bring an un- 
shapely tree to a pre- 
sentable appearance. 
Trees allowed to grow 
ad libitum for two or 
more years will some- 
times need heavy cut- 
ting back. The more 
straggling and irregular 


Before commencing to prune fruit trees plan what you are going to do. 
spaces caused by broken limbs and endeavor to give a more or less circular shape to the whole tree 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the growth and the more slender and numerous the 
branches, the more heavily the tree has to be pruned. 

On stone fruit trees it is not advisable to cut 
back to the old wood, and this should never be done 
except in the case of a broken limb. If such is the 
case, be sure the wound is closed with paint, wax, 
or tar. On apples or pears you may, without 
injury to the tree (provided it is attended to regularly 
afterward), cut off the growth of several seasons, 
but always see that you cut above dormant buds. 
Dormant buds, situated at the base of each year’s 
growth, are often hardly noticeable. Above them 
fruit buds may have formed very conspicuously. 
It seems a pity to cut them away, but what good 
would they do? ‘They will only produce small 
fruit, or, by the amount of the fruit produced, will 
break the branches which are too weak to support 
the weight. 

Confronted with a tree out of shape or of too 
thick a growth, remove first the branches growing 
to the inside and even to the opposite side of the 
tree, unless by removing them you cause an 
open space. But such a branch, having been 
allowed to grow from one side of a tree to the other, 
and which could not be dispensed with this year, 
ought to be treated in a way to allow its removal in 
a succeeding year; that is, the branches must be 
trimmed in order to allow the growth of the neigh- 
boring branches to close in and gradually fill the 
space now taken up by this perverse one. 

Then the tree may still have too many branches. 
In removing them, avoid cutting entire branches 
originating directly from the trunk, which would 
make large wounds. By not healing over quickly 
these wounds would eventually make holes in the 
trunk. Of course, such branches ought to have 
come off while the tree was young, but now it is too 
late. Be satisfied, therefore, with thinning out the 
smaller branches, taking care that air and light can 
sufficiently penetrate to all parts of the tree and 
that fruit bud development is encouraged on parts 
which, in the coming summer and fall, will be able 
to support the weight of the fruit. 

All this haying been done, it will nevertheless 
be important to pick over the fruit after it is fairly 
well formed, say in June. Bréak out all the small 
and unsightly fruit; it is certainly more profitable, 
be it from the commercial standpoint or simply 
for home use, to have one big, juicy, well-formed, 
well-colored and well-ripened apple than four or 
five small, unsightly and unsavory ones. 

Washington. GERHARD KOLLIGS. 


Always aim to close up empty 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Fruit Trees in Odd Corners 


le YOU are fall planting in the fruit garden you 

must remember that although it is a good time 
to set out the pome fruits, on no account must stone 
fruits be planted at any other time than in the 
spring. But in any work that is being done now 
consider the spring planting, and leave spaces for 
the trees. 

If there is space for many fruit trees, plant them 
all together; if there is only a garden with little 
room to spare, plant a few peaches, plums and 
apples along and near the paths. If there is no 
other place available for the trees, plant them in the 
corners of the back yard. Plant the larger fruit trees 
along the fence, and in front of them put currant 
and gooseberry bushes, the board fence being 
covered with blackberry and raspberry vines. 

Peach trees succeed admirably when planted on 
a wall or fence with a southern exposure. When they 
are to be planted close to a wall, a good plan is to 
construct a trellis for them by means of screw eyes 
and wire. This can be done now and will be ready 
for the tree in spring. If the screw eyes for any 
reason cannot be attached to the wall or fence, put 
pieces of wood two inches thick by four wide and of 
the necessary height (allowing for two feet in the 
ground) hard against the wall or fence twelve feet 
apart. To these uprights attach the screw eyes 
about one foot apart—that is, for a wall or fence 
which is twelve feet high use twelve screw eyes. 

When all the uprights are provided with screw 
eyes, draw fence wire through them from one end 
of the wall to the other until there are twelve lines 
of wires forming a trellis standing out six inches or 
more (depending on the length of the screw eyes) 
from the building. Iron would be better than wood 
for the supports but is more expensive. 

In the spring procure two-year-old peach trees 
from a reliable nurseryman and plant them in holes 
dug close to the trellis at least ten feet apart; if the 
trees have not been pruned to at least one-half of 
last year’s growth, tie the remaining wood to the 
wires and, as growth proceeds, keep tying the wood, 
taking care to keep each shoot a few inches away 
from the others in order that light and air will reach 
them all. Apples, pears and plums can be grown 
on a trellis, also, but not so successfully as peaches. 

For gardens or places of small area, plant dwarf 
trees of apples and pears because they do not, when 
at full bearing stage, take up as much space as other 
kinds. Plant at least ten feet apart every way in 
fairly rich, well-drained 
soil. Plums and peaches 
grown in the orchard 
should be planted fifteen 
feet apart; plumssucceed 
best when planted in 
fairly heavy clay loam. 

Excellent varieties of 
early peaches are Early 
Crawford, Mountain 
Rose, Alexander, Hale; 
late, Late Crawford, 
Salway, Elberta, Stump, 
and Oldmixon. 

Early summer apples 
are Early Harvest, Red 
Astrachan, Oldenburg, 
Williams and Bough; 
autumn apples, Fall 
Pippin, Wealthy, Fam- 
euse, Maiden Blush; 
winter varieties, Bald- 
win, Tompkins King, 
Rhode Island, Jonathan, 
Northern Spy, Roxbury. 

Summer pears: Clapp, 
Summer Doyenne, and 
Bartlett; autumn, 
Flemish, Angouleme, 
Louise, Seckel and 
Anjou: winter, Law- 
rence, Vicar, and Kieffer. 

Early plums: Lom- 
bard, Reine Claude, 
Imperial Gage, Yellow 
Gage; late, Japanese, 
Abundance, Burbank, 
Wickson, and Red June. 

Davip McInrosH. 
New York. 


SerpremBeR, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 73 


; Ps 5, ai. =a ae B “3. 
King of the Garden, 
THE MODERN PEONY, noblest flower of them all, 
allures, fascinates and then, by right of worth alone, 
conquers him or her who first beholds it in all its 
beauty of to-day. 

Take a root in fall and in its fleshy-pink, protruding 
eyes or buds, the experienced planter sees possibilities 
of magnificent beauty unequalled in the floral kingdom. 

He buries it — and waits. 

Spring comes — the frost is scarcely gone when 
great reddish-green shoots push forth and grow with 
amazing rapidity. Six weeks go by and lo! allurement 

RY my “Royal Collection” made up of | and fascination are welded into charm, and from the soil, whose 

twelve gems of the first water and if you oo A 
Pet eo enlapprecindoneithebeatiulinuances | |cOMtact wel abhor, has sprung a vision of color which a Corot—a 
they will make a Peony enthusiast of you. Rubens might well despair of imitating—possessing a delicacy and 

THE sET/} vear $7.50 sweetness of odor which a Colgate—a Gallét might well envy. 
years $12.50 = . . F : ° 

_ This briefly is the flower which to-day is taking by storm the flower- 
een en fate oF en Bho Puer Hehe suisel planting people of America and which, by reason of its modest re- 
CE IE SST Lae ae le quirements and simple culture is not only “‘the people’s’’ flower, but 


sees the triumph of God’s handiwork in His won- 


ee ge gone by Ue unis because of its royal magnificence is, as well, the favorite of the rich. 


ise Tee rer arcana bsceoithe wend oxs But its story cannot begin to be told here, so I want you to 
little book — this business— is lvingly dedicated. send for a copy of “@be slower Weautiful’’ for 1909 which will 
7 tell you in detail all you can wish to know on the subject. ‘This 
little book is the result of fifteen years of passionate devotion to the 
Peony which in that time has, by compelling merit, risen from com- 

parative obscurity to the foremost of American flowers. 

It offers you the cream of existing varieties—the result of expert 
selection and elimination—the quality of which is shown in our flowers 
winning at the big Annual Exhibition of the American Peony Society 
at Queens, N. Y., last June, first prize for the “‘Best twelve and most 
distinct varieties of Peonies.’’ (My Peonies were also awarded this 
year seven other prizes including five firsts.) 

I want you to know of this flower and of this business which, 
for quality, stands unequalled—unapproached. May I send you 
my booklet? It’s free. 


GEORGE H. PETERSON 


-Rose and Peony Specialist BOX 50 FAIR LAWN, N. J. 


Tomatoes as an Irrigated Crop 
Te vegetable which presents the greatest 
P 


roblem under irrigation in this section 
is the tomato. When tomatoes come to successful 
maturity here, they are fine husky specimens. 
But they are as uncertain as the stock exchange. 
They have a habit of blighting from a cause so 
far unknown. 

Experts at the state agricultural college and at 
the federal stations have been experimenting to 
discover the cause and cure, but so far without 
definite results. If they turn out all right, tomatoes 
are a paying crop, some ranchers raising them to a 
profit of $500 an acre. 

One of the successful tomato growers has an 
ingenious way of defeating one of the tomato pests. 
Along the side of his tomato rows, he plants petunias. 
The flowers attract the moths and he and his _ wife 
get up early in the morning, brush them off the 
petunias and destroy them, thus keeping the tomatoes 
free trom the larve. 


Washington. Lucy M. ELLIs. 


How to Use up Tomatoes 


Are surplus tomatoes, which may be still on 

the vines at the end of the season, can be 
easily canned if the following suggestions are 
borne in mind: 

Use only fine-flavored sorts that are good keepers. 

Can before the fruits are too ripe, while they are 
still a little green on the stem end, because they 
are then sweeter in flavor and keep better. 

Can the same day they are gathered, for any that 
become over-ripe and burst may sour and spoil the 
whole supply. 

Cast out all cracked and imperfect fruits. They 
may be well enough for Chili sauce, but not for 
canning. 

Scald the tomatoes only long enough to peel easily; 
then cut into thick slices and place a small amount 
at a time in a granite or porcelain kettle. 

Boil only long enough for the mass to become boil- 
ing hot throughout, then lift into the can and seal 
as soon as it is full. Cooking too much makes the 
tomatoes mushy and gives a bitter taste. 

Canned in this way they may be used in any dish 
that calls for raw tomatoes. 


PICKLING GREEN TOMATOES 


If canning is too much trouble, an excellent 
pickle is made of green tomatoes by using twice 
as much chopped cabbage as there is chopped 
tomato, with red peppers and onions chopped and 
added; sugar to make slightly sweet and sufficient 
salt to balance the flavor. Mustard seed and celery 
seed are added, also whole cloves and whole allspice 
in a little cheesecloth bag. Enough vinegar will 
be needed so that the finished pickle when canned 
will be just covered with the liquid. It is better 
to make a small quantity at a time and have it come 
to the boiling point quickly. Boil only twenty 
minutes, otherwise the pickle will not be crisp. 

New York. I. M. ANGELL. 


Fall Work For the South 


EPTEMBER is the beginning of the husy 
harvest time with the Southern’ farmers. 
Cotton is usually ready for picking by the first 
of the month, and should be gathered as rapidly 
as possible. For seed purposes pick the largest 
and earliest opened bolls from the healthiest and 
most prolific stalks. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Peanuts are generally ready for harvesting early 
in the month. If allowed to remain in the soil 
very long after they have matured, the seed begins to 
germinate; therefore, as soon as ripe pull up and 
spread in the sun. Itis very important to have both 

ods and vines thoroughly dry before they are stored 
which should be a in cool, dry place. 

Select the most prolific bushes with the fewest 
pops, and save the largest, longest and best-matured 
pods from these bushes for seed if you wish to im- 
prove the stock. Continue to select the seed for 
several years, or else buy the improved seed. 

The madonna lily is one of the most beautiful 
pure white lilies. The best time for planting the 


bulbs is during the latter part of the month. They 


Improve the strain by selecting from the most 
prolific bushes, only the largest, longest, and best 
Matured pods. By continuing this selection for 
several years, great improvements may be made 


will begin flowering the first of May. Be sure to 
get the largest bulbs and plant them in rich soil not 
more than three inches deep. Give the plant 
protection during freezing weather. 

Calla lilies, peonies and Bermuda and Japanese 
lilies should also be planted during the last half 
of the month for the best results. 

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED. 


The most beautiful pure white lily is the ma- 


donna lily. For flowers next spring, plant during 
the latter part of September : 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Early Fall Notes 


Here is a striking combination for a bed of hardy 
flowers —larkspurs and Tartarian aster. The 
latter is a purple flower of September and October. 
Larkspurs made a fine show of blue in July and 
scattering flowers all the autumn. 


Several hardy flowers lose their foliage entirely 
in summer after blooming, notably the Oriental 
poppy, mertensia, and St. Bernard’s lily (Anthe- 
ricum Liliago). The last-named, however, will 
retain its foliage if grown in partial shade. Mer- 
tensias are in danger of being hurt by the hoe in 
summer; therefore, plant them among asters or 
in a pocket among rocks. 


“Crimson Poppy mallow” would be an excel- 
lent name for that exceedingly brilliant hardy 
flower known as Callirhoe involucrata. Though 
very strong, the color is refined, owing to the poppy- 
like texture. It blooms all summer and fall on the 
light, moist soil of southern New Jersey, on the 
shores of the Delaware, and might, therefore 
be used for bedding if one could keep it from being 
seen in combination with other colors. We have 
seen the same plants full of bloom on July roth, 
and September r2th of the same year. Flowers 
two inches across. 


The best hardy white flower of September, with- 
out doubt, is a white variety of the Japanese 
anemone. White phlox may last through the first 
half of September, but the anemone can be counted 
on for a fine show during the latter half of the 
month, when gardens begin to fail. We have seen 
it begin to bloom as early as July 2oth, at Phila- 
delphia, and as late as October 16th near New 
York, after several rather sharp frosts. 


Tf you like lupines you ought to know about 
Baptisia australis, which has dark blue, lupine- 
like flowers in spikes a foot long. One June we 
saw two hundred large clumps of it in full bloom 
at Elizabeth, N. J. The spikes are borne well 
above the leaves, which are compound and of a 
pleasing glaucous green. A good clump will have 
a dozen stems and as many spikes, each averaging 
fifteen flowers. It is rather robust for a flower 
border, but try it in the shrubbery! It really belongs 
there, and you can’t name many blue flowers 
among shrubs. 


If you wish to try bedding effects with hardy 
plants try the Chinese leadwort, a blue flower that 
will be showy all September and most of October, 
with scattering flowers in November. The red 
stems make a striking contrast. Nurserymen 
call it Plumbago Larpente; its correct name is 
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, which loses some 
of its terror when you know that it means “‘a plant 
with horned stigmas, that looks like a plumbago.” 


Hundreds of attempts have been made to intro- 
duce the butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) into: 
gardens because it it one of the most gorgeous 
American wild flowers, with its flat clusters of 
orange blossoms in July. But no one knows how 
to handle it. If you dig up old plants with woody 
tap roots, they die; if you store the roots in a cellar 
they get dry rot; if you buy store seed it will prob- 
ably not germinate. Perhaps the best way is to 
buy in the spring pot-grown plants freshly imported 
from France. Or one could give an order to 
professional collectors to gather some fresh seed in 
August and sow it then. 


ws 


———— ee Oe Ol 


Pe 


pe 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


“We will pay $100 and cost of analysis for 
the detection of any adulteration in this 
Or any other package bearing this brand.’’ 


How to Avoid 
Burning Off Paint 


E CAREFUL not to use imitation paints con- 
taining substitutes for Pure White Lead— 
barytes, silica, clay, etc. They will surely 

crack, scale and check, and cost more to burn off 
than to apply real paint. 

When you paint your buildings use Pure White 
Lead, colored at the time of painting—it’s the only 
economical—the only right way to paint. 


CARTER 


Strictly Pure 


White Lead 


is the best of all white leads—the purest, the most 
carefully, most scientifically made. The modern 
Carter process eliminates every particle of discolor- 
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whiter than ordinary leads—makes brighter, truer, 
more durable colors. 

Carter is as fine as the finest flour—it is 
always uniform. This fineness makes Carter spread 
farther—just as a cup of flour will spread farther than 
a cup of wheat. 

Carter never cracks or scales. It forms a tough, 
durable and elastic film. Wears down gradually— 
only years of wear will remove it. 

By the pound Carter costs slightly more than 
other leads. Figured by surface covered and years of 
wear, it*is the most economical paint made. Sold by 
all reliable dealers—used by good painters. 

Send for our valuable free book which tells how 
to test paint for purity. How to choose a harmonious 
color scheme. With the book we send a set of 
modern color plates from real houses that will give 
ideas for painting your home. 


CARTER WHITE LEAD CO. 
12073 S. Peoria Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


Factories: 
Chicago—Omaha 


The Readers’ Service will give 


Al H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E injormation about motor boats. 


a Leave Your Wife a Fixed 
Monthly Income for Life 


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Write now for Particulars and cost for you. Address 
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The Prudential Insurance Company of America 


Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey 
JOHN F. DRYDEN, President Home Office, NEWARK, N. J. 


Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers 


For Dark, Shady Places 


There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive 
there. There is no soilso light and sandy but that some of our hardy wild 
ferns will beautify it. For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns 
and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply 
ferns for the dark corner by the porch, or ferns and flowers, including our 
native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and 
swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by 
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the 
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We also grow the hardy 
flowers which require open sunlight —primroses, campanulas, digitalis, 
violets, etc. 


Write for my descriptive catalogue. Ittells about this class of plants. 


EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass. 


ba | 


on 


oN i Oe ee 8 Serene 


Reinforced Dahlias 


AVING decided to set out a bed of dahlias 

in a sunny but somewhat exposed situation 

in the garden, the problem confronted me of staking 

them so as to provide the greatest possible pro- 

tection against the wind and at the same time to 

render the stakes as inconspicuous as possible. 
In this dilemma I hit upon the following plan: 

It occurred to me that as the dahlia stems were 
hollow it might be possible to utilize them in hiding 
the stakes. I therefore cut rods of telegraph wire 
(such as linemen use) and sharpened them with a file 
at one end. After the roots had each produced two 
or three stems from two to two and a half 
feet high, the rods (which had been cut 
about a foot longer than the stems for 
which they were intended) were poked 
through the hollow stalks much as one 
might thrust a sword into its scabbard. 
It was not a difficult matter to pierce 
the membranous partition at the nodes 
or joints without passing outward through 
the side of the stem. Where necessary 
the rod was forced into the ground with a 
hammer regardless as to whether it pene- 
trated the root. 

The results far exceeded my expectations. 
The plants showed no ill effects what- 
ever, the wire bracing them well against 
the wind, and at the same time affording the 
stalks a certain springiness, not obtainable in any 
other manner. The danger of the wind cutting 
the tying material into the plant’s tissue was 
likewise obviated. 

During the latter part of August, Fargo was 
visited by one of the worst storms experienced in 
years, and though many trees were uprooted, the 
two dahlia beds passed through it unharmed. 
The accompanying photograph shows the lux- 
uriance of the foliage throughout the summer. 
The blooming of the plants did not seem to be 
affected by the unusual support. 

In the fall the roots gave no evidence of any harm- 
ful effects where the rods had penetrated them. I 
haye also found that such stakes are the best 
obtainable for gladiolus. 

North Dakota. 


C. L. MELLER. 


These dahlias, supported by means of wire rods 
thrust through their hollow stalks, withstood 
many hard storms 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


How Tile Drainage Improves the 
Garden 


YEAR ago having just recovered from a 
severe illness, I was advised to “‘go out of 
doors and stay there.” It was the middle of 
February and the weather was beautiful, so trans- 
ferring my household duties to stronger shoulders 
and hiring a man, out of doors I went. For 
years our place had been under the care of a gen- 
eral gardener and many things needed rearrange- 
ment. Some weeks later, while trimming trees, I 
noticed that my neighbor, whose garden was an old, 
well kept place and really the show garden of the 
neighborhood, was having his soil plowed and 
turned. 

I have never had very much experience in garden 
work, but I know that ground must dry out before 
it can be plowed properly. It did not seem possible 
that the soil in that garden could be in condition to 
plow when the ground in ours—a stiff yellow clay— 
wasa wilderness of mud, with waterstanding in many 
places. To be sure the garden next door sloped to 
either end from the middle, while our land, lying 
farther along the ridge, lies half on the level, and 
drops about three feet to the back fence, the slope 
continuing to the end of the lot, making a fall of at 
least six feet altogether. There was a system of 
tile drainage, and why the garden should be in 
such a condition I could not imagine. Visiting the 
two outlets of the back drains, however, I found that 
the one from the garden barely showed moisture 
and that the other was quite dry. 

The tile had been laid eighteen years ago by a 
man who claimed to understand his business. We 
found a lamentable state of affairs on investigation, 
no effort apparently having been made to grade the 
ditch. Instead, the tile had been laid up hill in 
many places and very carelessly placed. Every 
tile was filled full and packed hard with clay. This 
we removed, filled the end of the ditch almost full 
of stones for a distance of two feet, replaced the 
tiles, filled in around and over the first few with 
stones, and laid a flat stone over each joint that did 
not fit properly before filling in with soil. 

This drain starts in the north corner of the garden 
and runs diagonally to a spot twenty feet east of the 
south corner. A new drain, beginning twenty feet 
north of the west corner, was laid straight down the 
garden, joining the first at the back fence. The 
amount of water that came from these drains 
would sound unreal to one who had not seen it. 

The second drain, upon investigation, was found 
to be in the same condition as the first, and was 
similarly treated. In a few days the soil was in a 
fit condition to be plowed. 

While digging the ditches J discovered that but 
six inches of good soil covered our clay bank at the 
upper end of the garden, with still less at the back. 
My GARDEN MAGAZINE showed what was needed 
here; all the dead leaves and grass on the place 
were raked up and spread over that part of the 
garden, ten loads of cinders scattered over them, with 
fifteen loads of manure as a finishing touch. Each 
furrow was plowed twice, and the improvement 
in the condition of the ground was surprising. 

Our early vegetables were planted just a few days 
later than those of our neighbors’. How things did 
grow! And not a bit of trouble did we have all 
season with water which did not drain off. 

At the season’s height, the garden was beautiful 
and everyone who came to the house visited it and 
wanted to know how we had managed it. The 
answer at all times was “First laid tile drains, and 
then broke up the clay.” 

Last fall I added a 20-foot strip of land to the 
southwest side of the garden, and transplanted my 
berries there. We have just finished a drain along 
the outer edge which will answer a double purpose, 
the ditch being used as a pérmanent sweet pea bed 
by renewing the soil each season. 

At no time this spring has there been mud in the 
garden, and as soon as possible we will relay the 
drains about the house and front yard, thereby 
adding a new branch to the system. The amount 
of real good derived from a system of tile drains is, 
in our estimation, worth many, many times the 
money value of the tiles and labor combined. A 
single row of tile laid here and there through a garden 
will improve the soil to a wonderful extent. 

West Virginia. Mrs. CHARLES C. Woops. 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 
Og 


7a SE Sa IES a 


A Fragrant Night Bloomer 


HE beautiful white flower here pictured which 
looks and smells like a verbena is Abronia 
fragrans, one of the most charming flowers of the 
Rocky Mountains and one of the easiest to grow in 
Eastern gardens. Although it is perennial it is said 
to bloom the first year from seed sown indoors in 
March. 
The fragrant Abronia is a trailing plant which 
grows only a foot or so high and blooms nearly all 


The ‘‘wild four o’clock’’ of Colorado will bloom 
nearly all summer in Eastern gardens. Sow seed 
now 


summer. It has the great interest of being a night- 
bloomer and is known in Colorado as the “wild 
four o’clock.” 

As the most valuable flowers for evening effect are 
fragrant white flowers, we hope that many of our 
readers will give this interesting plant a trial, 
especially as it can now be had from seed. 

July and August are good months in which to sow 
the seed. The best plan is to sow the seeds in pots of 
sandy soil in summer and winter the plants in the 
coldframe. By this method we hope our readers 
will be able to secure continuous bloom from June 
until frost, and we hope that anyone who has success 
with it will report the particulars to THE GARDEN 
MAGAZINE. 

Peel off the husk before sowing the seed. 

If you have a bare, sandy place or wish a new kind 
of basket plant or something now for the rockery, 
try Abronia fragrans. 


New York. WwW. M. 


A Correction 


R. GROFF informs us that the statement 

on page 231 of the May GARDEN Maca- 

ZINE, with reference to the naming of gladiolus 

hybrids, is incorrect, inasmuch as, beginning with 

this season, he has decided to name a certain number 
of selected varieties of his particular strains. 


The Readers’ Service will aid you 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 i H E G A R D E N M A G A LL, I N E in planning your vacation trip 


THE PEONY: Now Crowned Queen of the Whole Realm of Flora 


Our prediction of a few short years ago is verified. The Peony has come into its own. 
No longer need to cry aloud the merits of this wondrous flower—this regally magnificent 
bloom, with all the delicacy and charm of the fairest rose that ever bloomed in a profes- 
sional’s green-house. 

If you are a true blue Peony enthusiast, may we not explain to you why you should 


Purchase Your Peonies from TRUE Peony Specialists 


In these days practically every one offering Peonies calls himself a ‘‘Peony Specialist.’’ 
Those who grow “other things’? besides Peonies — even the general nurserymen — are 
“Peony Specialists.’’ The phrase is easy. But with us the Peony is the ‘‘whole thing.”’ 
It has our undivided time and attention, devotfon and study. We are thus specialists ina 
sense which possesses a legitimate value and significance. 


WE GROW PEONIES 
—NOTHING ELSE 


THESE ARE THE FEATURES WE ASK YOU TO CONSIDER: 
THE BEST SORTS IN EXISTENCE AND ONLY THE BEST No 2ejplexing and endless list of varieties to “puzzle” over. We 
EVERY ROOT GUARANTEED TRUE TO NAME BE SEND YOU WHAT YOU PAY FOR — not something more or less like it 
WE SUPPLY ONLY ESTABLISHED PLANTS ily ffowastock “quality” stock that cannot fail to satsiy the most exacting buyer. 
THESE ARE THE FEATURES WHICH ENTITLE US TO NAME OURSELVES GENUINE PEONY SPECIALISTS 


May we send you our Annual Fall Catalog—just ready? By far the handsomest and most artistic Peony Catalog issued. 
Remember also that Fall is the ONLY time to plant. Most growers will ship in the Spring also. We do not—for your own sake. 


MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS .2-x300 Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania 


“I 


“I 


IMA X LAWN 


DESTROYS WEEDS 


IN 24 | CO RS NOT AN EXPERIMENT 

e BUT A PROVEN SUCCESS 
The only preparation that will kill the weeds absolutely, not disfigure 
the lawn or destroy the grass, and in addition act as a fertilizer, thus 
promoting a luxurious sward. Eradicates dandelions, plantains, chick- 
weeds, moss, etc., etc. 


Special booklet giving full particulars sent free. 


3% lb. can, 60 cents 7 \lb.can . . $1.00 14 Ib. can . . $1.75 
28 Ibs. . . $3.00 56 Ibs. . . . $5.00 “% 112 Ibs... . $8.00 
Purchaser paying transit. 


W.W.RAWSON & CO, [Brel Packase 25c._.. Mailed Free 


redeemed for the amount of a cents if enclosed witha 


Seedsmen BOSTON, MASS. regular order for Jawn sand. 


I bl ws in y den wri 
78 He protlom gras 3 gous garde wre NEB)  (G@AURYD) By NEE Ie CaSO ZAIG NGO) SnrTums en 1909 


Use Paint made with Oxide of Zinc 


The Light House Board specifies that paints 
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shall contain 75 per cent. of 


Oxide of Zinc 


Paint on light-houses has the hardest service 
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If a paint stands this service it will stand any- 


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Does your paint contain Oxide of Zinc? 


Oxide of Zinc is unalterable 
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The New Jersey Zinc Co. 


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This Book Shows How 


Suggests what, where, when and how to plant to get 
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ples of landscape work also goes into 
details. Handy, compact, valuable. 
yp Sent Anywhere Postpaid Free 

If you expect to make any improvements on 
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WY will also send the 1909 catalog of finest grown 
trees, shrubs, vines, perennials. 


y SWAIN NELSON & SONS COMPANY 
lf 956 Marquette Building Chicago 


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50 Ibs., $2.50; 100 Ibs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. 
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S. WILKS MFG. CO., 3555 Shields Avenue, CHICAGO 


‘HARDY PHLOXES 


Are unquestionably the most appreciated plants in a 
border; blossoming the season through. I have 
f the largest collection in the country. Also Del- 
phiniums, Iris Hibiscus, etc. f 
Write to-day for free catalogue. 


W.F.SCHMEISKE, Florist, Binghamton, N. Y. 


American Substitute for the 
Primrose 


tee marsh cup or marsh marigold (Caltha 

palustris) is the first showy American wild 
flower of spring, blooming in the North generally 
early in April. It may be preceded by the hepati- 
cas and the bloodroot, but these rarely, if ever, 
make such vast sheets of color as the marsh marigold, 
which sometimes covers many, acres with richest 
yellow. 

The yellow flower of England which grows by 
the million is the primrose (much paler in 
color), but we can never generally naturalize that 
here. Instead owners of country estates ought to 
plant the marsh marigold by the ten thousand in 
every bit of wet woods ormarsh theyown. There 
is no cheaper or better way of getting great 
sheets and carpets of yellow flowers. 

Moreover, I believe that the marsh cup, as it is 
preferably called, can be developed into a first class 
florist’s flower, just as the primrose was developed 
in Europe. It is a much larger and more brilliantly 
showy plant, and in my opinion it is quite as lovely 
a flower as is the primrose, and I hope that it can be 
made as prominent a feature of American life, as the 
primrose isin England. Contrary to popular notion 
it will grow perfectly in ordinary garden soil, and so 
will many other marsh-loving plants. 


IMPROVING THE MARSH CUP 


Some improvement has already been made in the 
marsh cup. A double-flowered form has been 
advertised for some time in European catalogues. 
I have often found semi-double forms in the wild, 
and occasionally full double-ones. Indeed, it is 
very hard to find two plants with the same number, 
size, and form of sepals; the showy parts in this 
case are sepals, not petals. 

This brings us to the important principle the 
amateur plant breeder should take advantage of. 
The commonest wild flowers are usually the most 


| A double-flowered form of the marsh marigold, 


having large and very beautiful flowers 


anal 


THE GARDEN 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


MAGAZINE 


Tj you wish lo purchase live stock, 
wrile to the Readers’ Service 


A “Nature Garden” mixture so selected as 
to produce a luxuriant field of bloom for six 
weeks’ duration. 

An assortment of Daffodills, Jonquils and 

Narcissi, of four distinct varieties so arranged 
that only one kind blooms at a time, produc- 
ing a beautiful, continuous floral harmony. 


The ideal material for the Wild Garden, old fashioned 


» borders, woodlands and grass-plots. 


We offer Rawson’s 


100 bulbs for 
1,000 “ 
10, 000“ 


Ey 


“Nature Garden” mixture 


Free delivery to any express office in the United States 


Ask for Rawson’s Bulb Handbook for 1909, 
the most elaborate ever published by us 


W. W. RAWSON & CO. 


Another $100 for Good Reviews 


Readers are familiar with the statement so frequently made that 
the day of the adequate critical and analytical review is past. For 
ourselves, we believe that the best analyses of books are now 
made by intelligent readers who do not write for publication. 

With the idea of testing the whole subject, we offer the follow- 
ing prizes for the best reviews of Mrs. Humphry Ward’s new 
novel “‘ Marriage 4 la Mode.” 


The prizes awarded for reviews of “The Climber” are an- 
nounced in this number. So great has been the interest shown in 
these reviews that we now make the same offer on Mrs. Ward’s 


new book, which is her first novel with an American setting, | 


and which, treating as it does the great question of divorce, has 
caused much comment. ‘These rules must be followed: 


1. Copy to be written only on one side of the sheet, 
typewritten preferable. 

2. The review to be not more than 1,000 words. 750 
would be better. 

3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than Sep- 
tember roth. 

4. The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
November numbers of Doubleday, Page & Com- 
pany’s magazines, “ Country Life in America,” 
“The World’s Work,” and “The Garden Magazine,” 


the successful reviews to be printed at that time. 
The First Prize is $50. .The Second Prize is $30. The Third Prize 
is $20. The Fourth Prize, books from our book catalogue to the amount 
of $7.50. The Fifth Prize, books to the amount of $5.00. The Sixth 
Prize, a subscription to ‘Country Life in America.”” The Seventh 
Prize, a subscription to “‘ The World’s Work.” 


Doubleday, Page & Company, New York 


5 UNION STREET 
BOSTON, MASS. 


PEONIES 


From the Cottage Gardens’ Famous Collection 


Our 1909 Catalogue, containing a valuable treatise on the cultivation of 
the Peony and giving authentic descriptions of nearly three hundred varie- 
ties, will be issued about August First. 


Send To-day for a Free Copy 
Peonies may be planted any time during the fall months, but September 
and October planting will give the best results. 


NOTE:—Our enormous stock of one hundred thousand plants enables 
us to furnish tubers of the very highest quality, and in filling orders we use 
undivided roots only, assuring an abundance of flowers the first season. 


COTTAGE GARDENS CO., INC., Queens, Long Island, New York 


79 


The Readers’ Servi ll gi ‘ 
80 AGH RaLen Watid Gutoneabiteaeae THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1909 


variable and therefore the most likely to yield 

improvements quickly. Moreover, the commonest 

are presumably best adapted to our climate and 

therefore to common cultivation, or else have some 

special requirement that makes them unfit for a 

: ‘ +) feo wide popularity. As to color, I have seen every 

s All readers fe FR LN . Mee: Re ee x shade from primrose to orange; also flowers that 
companion of “Freckles ’ oot gale oe ; turned white in a day or two after opening. 

itilerneee , te gt Someone ought to try to get red, pink, scarlet, 

Eh. | a re ; and crimson from these flowers. The best way 

story to read ROS, ree | ae j “Or would be to hybridize the common marsh cups with 

this new story : ig - some other species, e. g. Caltha biflora, which has 

by the same Lana PAL ay i : Aa nearly white or sometimes bluish flowers, and is 

to ie found from California to Alaska. Another white- 

ee @ fp | " : flowered species is Caltha leptosepala, a strong- 

66 Paarl : Veal pe growing plant of Alaska to Washington and 

F reckles 4 : all i Galen : But the most promising one for hybridi- 

zation seems to be Caltha natans, with white or 

pinkish flowers. The only station where it is 

reported from the United States is Tower, Michigan, 

but it is also found in Arctic America. It is said 


e e that this species flowers during the summer, thus 
; rendering the hybridizing of this and the early 

r O t e Im er ost blooming Caltha palustris a very difficult matter. 
Perhaps with care, the latter could be kept dormant 


till summer, or the pollen held over, perhaps. 
However, the writer once dwelt not very far from 

Lake Superior, and is well aware that a certain 

species will bloom much earlier in Southeastern 


HEN that irresistible young Irishman, “Freckles,” 

left his beloved ‘“‘ Limberlost’’ country, he be- 
queathed it and its nature treasures to Elnora Comstock, 
and this delightful story tells what the latter did with it. 


The book will undoubtedly repeat the striking success of 
“Freckles,” which, published nearly five years ago, has 
steadily increased its tens of thousands of enthusiastic 
readers, year by year; for, while not a sequel, or in any 
sense a copy, it is a parallel and companion story with as 
delightful a herome as you'll find in several years’ fiction. 


By GENE 
STRATTON-PORTER 


Four illustrations in color by Wladys- 
law T. Benda. Cool green binding 


For sale at all bookstores, or sent post- am _ 
: , The marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) is the first 
paid for $1.50 vividly colored wild flower of spring, its blossoms 


generally appearing in the North early in April 


COUNTRY LIFE THe Wort's Work Te GARDEN ae acess 
Sean Se Michigan than it will in the vicinity of Lake 


Superior. he flowers are generally about an inch 
DOUBLEDAY, PaGE & Co. NEw YORK, across, but I think in cultivation their size could 


easily be increased to two inches. 

As a garden plant the marsh cup has three 
peculiarities: First, it should be heavily watered 
in March, as in the wild it blooms when the ground 
is covered with water, or else very wet; second, 
after blooming it should be allowed to dry out. 
The whole plant naturally dies down in July when 
the ground becomes very dry; therefore, plants 
should be dug in summer or autumn when dormant 
and not in the spring. Third, some other plant 
should always be associated with the marsh cup to 
cover the ground with bloom when the marsh cup 
is dormant. r 

I wish some enterprising florist would try to force 
a few plants of the marsh cup for Christmas. I 
believe they would make an attraction for which he 
could get -a high price. 

What amateur will undertake the task of getting 
a double pink marsh cup? And what country 
gentleman can show the best result from planting 
marsh cups on a large scale? 

Michigan. WILFRED A. BROTHERTON. 


Genuine Red Cedar M 


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20 cents at your druggists’, or sent pre- 
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ae Casuncbaopaieacctape aan ’ 
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Without obligation to you, let us send this beautiful moth, dust and 15 
damp proof Cedar Chest, subject to your inspection and approval, 
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Christmas gift: and is indispensable in every well-equipped home, 
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PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 46, Statesville, N. C. 


= Fora tion about | t 
SerremMBER, 1909 Met GOR DENG R NDA G AZT NR 7 ee Ree Gone 81 


‘el oMy ‘ me, By on \ 


en ne ioe : as TaN ‘ee fi 
9 P C 
Now—and Plant Farr’s Peonies 
These queens of the hardy garden never doso well as when planted in the early fall. Planted now, they will bloom next spring; planted in the spring they will be a full 


year later'in blooming. No flower quite equals them in splendor and stateliness—they give all the charm of the old-fashioned garden to any collection of plants. My col- | 
lection of Peonies has come to be known all over the world as the most varied and dependable to be found. I have more than 100,000 strong roots ready now in 


some 420 kinds. Let Me Send You My Catalogue 


of Iris, Peonies, Phloxes and other Hardy Plant Specialties. It tells you how my love for hardy flowers led me to grow them extensively, finding health and the 
joy of living in their care and companionship. All of my unequaled assortment of plants are fully described, and when you have read the book you will see how 
thoroughly I have come to know the flowers. Send today for free copy. 


IRISES, PHLOXES and ORIENTAL POPPIES 


as well as Peonies, should be planted at once for best results. All are specialties with me. 


BERTRAND H. FARR, WYOMISSING NURSERIES, 809-D Penn St., READING, PA. 


i 
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NEW ENGLAND GARDENS Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus and Crocus. 
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We grow everything required for Garden, Lawn and 
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THE NEWENGLAND NURSERIES. [NG | 
BEDFORD, MASS. 


Catalogue now ready, mailed free for the asking. 


J. M. THORBURN & CO. 
33 Barclay Street NEW YORK 


82 


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or 


double team on a one- 
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ends axle troubles 
it’s best for all wagons, 
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Mica Axle Grease and 


prove it. 


The Readers’ Service will give 
information about motor boats 


HATS the matter? 
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STANDARD OIL CO. 


(INCORPORATED) 


THE ROOFING THAT RESISTS 


SendtoJ.A.& W. BIRD & CO. 
29 India Street, Boston, Mass. 


FOR BOOKLET ON REX FLINTKOTE ROOFING 


PREPARE FOR 
WINTER 


A Child Can Run It 


Its fire box is so constructed 
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WITH 


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SMITH & THAYER CO. 
234 Congress Street 
BOSTON, MASS. 


WINCHESTER 
HEATER 


iigeeng Hedges in the Gardens 
of Hope 


We BEGAN work at Hope with no knowledge 

of practical gardening, and with no pre- 
judices. Our expectations for success were based 
upon a fertile soil, a congenial climate, and enthusi- 
asm. The old garden was a jungle of green brier 
and weeds as high as trees. A half century of neg- 
lect had obliterated all vestiges of a garden, and as 
we peered into the thicket all we could see were some 
ancient box bushes crushed down by vines. These 
bushes were the Rosetti Stone of the Gardens of 
Hope, for working from these we hacked and hewed 
and fought our way step by step down the one-time 
wonderful garden. What we found in that chaos 
would take a volume to describe. Day by day 
shrubs and roses and all manner of sad, unhappy, 
imprisoned plants came to light, and since then have 
furnished a wealth of material from which to draw 
in restoring the garden. The box from which we 
took the slips for our young hedge plants was easily 
one hundred years old, and it was this planting which 
was our initiation into the arts and mysteries of 
box propagation. 

Besides enthusiasm we had another trait peculiar 
to the amateur. We bowed reverently before the 
opinion of the skilled gardener. His word was 
law and his decree was final. But we had no 
skilled gardener; our plan had been to hire day 
labor, to make our own failures and glory in our 
own triumphs. Jt has been nearly three years since 
order was restored to the Hope Gardens and in that 
time we have only twice diverged from our plan of 
personal supervision of all plantings. 

These two lapses were occasioned by a desire to 
grow box slips for a hedge beside the long walk 
into the garden. He were assured that it was a 
difficult task to make box slips grow. So, intimi- 
dated by the concerted opinion of different nursery- 
men, we engaged a high priced German gardener, 
who had planted box on the ‘Eastern Shore”’ for 
fifty years. 

This man began work on the rst day of April. 
Our old servant, Copper, a negro of advanced 
years, helped the German gardener all that first 
day. At night I called Copper and said: 

“Well, Copper, are you well started in the box 
planting ?” 

“Yes’ um, Mrs. Starrum, we ’se all ready but de 
cotton.” 

“The cotton, Copper, why what’s that for?” 

“JT don’t know, Mrs. Starrum, only Mr. Riser, 
he says he must have de cotton.” 

“Well, well send for it, Copper; we ’ll get him 
anything he wants,” at the same time picturing to 
myself the herculean task of wrapping the roots of a 
thousand box slips in cotton batting. The next 
morning I was out early to see about getting the 
cotton, when I met the little old German with his 
arms full of box slips. 

“T haf de box cotton already.” 

“Oh! I see. Yes, of course, the cuttings.” 

And yet we enjoyed making our own mistakes. 

Mr. Riser continued to plant box cuttings until 
the first day of May. Then he stopped and no 
amount of persuasion could induce him to plant one 


These box bushes, fifty years old and from three 
to five feet in height, were moved without any loss 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


RAY LANM 


FLORIDA Ns 
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A Perfume for the 
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ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT. 
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PLANET JR. GARDEN IMPLEMENTS 


saves half the work of gardening 
56-page catalogue free 


S. L. ALLEN & CO. Box 1108S PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 


COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 
beautiful, practical, entertaining. 
a year. 


$4.00 


THE WORLD’S WORK 
interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING 


telling how to make things grow. $1.00 a 


year. 
New York 


DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


OD Zan 
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WILL REDUCE FRICTION 
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The Right Oil For 
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LOOK OUT 
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No more danger or damage from flying 
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The Syracuse Wire Works 
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EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT 


is 1o per cent finer ground than any other cement; therefore it is the 
best. Manufactured by 
EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 
9351 St. James Building, New York 


INCREASE THE YIELD OF 
YOUR GARDEN 


by using the IGOE TOMATO AND PLANT SUP- 
PORTS. They will mean a more abundant crop of 
Tomatoes of superior quality, and more beauty and 
success of your heavily flowered plants, such as 


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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Ij you wish to purchase live-stock 2 
write the Readers’ Service 83 


TePHER Ds Saree TRATES 


CETL 


i \ 


Meet 


\ 


T 


Ob 


lee and steel play an important part in our modern buildings and these materials require different 


paint treatment from wood or concrete. 


First coats should be of National Lead Company’s red 


lead, because it has the peculiar quality of sticking to metals better than any other known paint. 

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galvanized cornices, radiators, iron fences, grilles, machinery, farm implements, and all other articles 


made of metal which require painting. 


The finishing paint which goes over the first coats of red lead may be any good paint of the tint 


desired. If black, a good carbon paint should be used. 


If a light tint is wanted the finishing paint 


should be made of National Lead Company’s pure white lead tinted as desired and mixed with pure 


linseed oil. 


Ask for House-owners’ Painting Outfit V, which goes into detail in regard to all kinds of 


painting. 
with the outfit. 


Our red lead and white lead are sold by dealers. 


write our nearest office. 


If interested in the painting of metal, be sure to ask us to include our booklet on red lead 


If you cannot get them, 


NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY 


An office in each of the following cities: 


New York Boston Buffalo 
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Dwyer’s Pot-Grown 
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Strong, healthy plants from selected stock of choicest fruiting 
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Produce a Full Crop in 1910 


Some of the finest berry patches in Amer- 
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Pot-grown plants have been our specialty 
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Wealso do landscape gardening inall its branches. Cataloguefree. 


T. J. DWYER @ CO. 
P. O. Box 4 CORNWALL, N. Y. 


Cleveland St. Louis 
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Cincinnati Chicago 


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Wide Tires, Removable Rack, Drop End, Box 
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Painted and varnished. Not flimsy or poorly made. 
Write for complete description and price list. It is Free. : We pre- 
pay freight where we have no dealer carrying ‘‘ Triumph” carts in 
stock. Money back for any reason. 

Utica, N. Y. 


Swartwout & Mott, Dept. 6, 


eee 


The Readers’ Service gives informa- 
tion about real estate. 


| [| Keep The Tank 


Throw Away the Tower 


HAT’S what you do when you install a Kewanee 
System of Water Supply ! 


The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the 
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The Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 


which ten years of practical experience and technical 
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Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful 
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Kewanee Pumping Outfits 


Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished 
for any special pumping requirements. The 
same technical skill and practical knowledge 
required to develop and perfect complete 
Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution 
of individual pumping problems. 

No charge for expert engineering service. Let us 


help you solve your water problem. Write for our 
64-page illustrated catalogue No.16. _It is free. 


Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 


1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, lil. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, 
New York City. 


305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 


KA 

a} 
2 
L| 
HM 


By E. F. BENSON 


A Reaping: 425 


R. BENSON here hangs upon a thread of story a series of idyllic essays, 
each chapter covering a particular: month of the year. The book shows 
admirably the cultivation, the love for music, the humor and light touch that charac- 
terize the author’s writings; and it isa volume which will repay a second and third 
reading. Fixed price, $1.25. (Postage 12c.) 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th 5t., 


New York City 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


day more, for he assured us box would die if planted 
in any month but April. This first planting was 
well done, for almost every slip sent out shoots, 
and has continued to thrive ever since. 

In November of the same year for the second time 
we fell from grace; we lost confidence in some 
experimental work at Hope and sent for another 
gardener of even greater repute than the former one 
— this time an Irishman. He arrived the first day 
of Novemker, and was taken at once to pass judg- 
ment on our work. On seeing the young box slips, 
he asked when they_had been planted; learning 
that it was April box, he threw up his hands in 
horror and swore that November was the only month 
in which to plant box slips and expect results. 

We then gave orders for him to get busy. He did 
so. He planted until the first of December. The 
following spring the November box put out new 
shoots, and has continued to do so ever since. 

At that time there seemed to be a landscape 
necessity for some old box plants. We found a 
garden of some two hundred box bushes about 
fifty years old, ranging in height from two and a 
half to five feet. We bought the garden and moved 
it to Hope, and people came from miles in every 
direction to tell us it would die. But it did not die; 
it lived and put out new shoots and continues to 
please. 

These slow-growing things once established, we 
gave ourselves to the planting of privet. "We 
went to a nursery, selected the desired stock, and 
paid down a neat little sum for three thousand 


Another view of the old box hedge 


plants (you all know what a sight of money it takes 
to buy privet), at the same time choking down our 
ambitious dreams of having all the plantation fences 
outlined with hedges. As we were about to leave 
the nursery we asked innocently why we couldn’t 
grow the plants ourselves. We were not encouraged 
todo so. Certain mysterious things had to be done, 
which demanded previous experience, and it neces- 
sitated great labor, knowledge of hedge plants, etc. 

So we thought no more about it until the hedge 
was all set out, and trimmed to a foot in height. 
This gave us enormous piles of slips — estimated 
roughly about ten thousand. It was the 15th of 
December when work was slack, that we made our 
declaration of independence; we planted the 
privet slips. We stood over those slips in all kinds 
of weather —rain, sleet and snow — and finally 
the whole pile had been stuck into the ground. 

Again people drove miles to tell us that those 
bare, brown twigs heaped up so carefully with 
mulching would die. But they did not. 

I never before realized the temptations which 
beset nurserymen. Now, when I point with pride 
to those 10,000 privet plants growing like mad and 
just as vigorous as the original stock, it is all I can do 
to restrain the desire to drop some remark which 
will impress the listener that we have done some- 
thing which required mysterious skill and knowledge: 
of plant life. 

The time came to trim the fast growing ten thou- 
sand slips. Then we had over twenty-five thousand 
to plant. These we set out in the field, for the 
garden space could no longer-contain them. Now 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Rudyard Kipling’s 
Books 


“His is the lustiest voice now lifted in the whole 
world, the clearest, the bravest, with the fewest 
false notes init.” W. D. Howells. 


With the Night Mail 


“ Here, for example, is his ‘With the Night Mail,” 
a thrillingly realistic account of a trip in a packet air- 
ship carrying the mail from London to Quebec in the 
year 2000, and covering the distance in a single night. 
It is human and dramatic; a vivid piece of imagina- 
tive writing worked out in terms of the utmost plaus- 


ibility.” Cleveland: Leader. 
“There is probably no man living who could pro- 
duce so perfect an illusion upon such a subject.” 
The Argonaut. 


Four illustrations in color by Leyendecker and 


Reuterdabl. Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 1 Oc.) 


Kipling Stories and Po- 


ems Every Child Should Know 
Edited hy Mary E. Burt and W. T. Chapin 


This is the first selection from the complete works 
of Rudyard Kipling ever made for children. Some o 
the most captivating stories and verse ever written in 
the English language are included in this volume. 

Illustrations, Fixed price, $1.20 (postage | Oc.) 


The Pocket Kipling. These Pooks, printed 


on thin but opaque pa- 
per, and bound in ox-blood red leather, are a pleasure 
to possess. Fixed price, $].50 (postage 8c.) 


NOW READY: 

Departmental Ditties and 
Ballads and Barrack- 
room Ballads 

Many Inventions 

Soldiers Three 

Puck of Pook’s Hill 

The Five Nations 

The Just So Song 
Book 

Under the Deodars, 

The Phantom 


The Light that *Rickshaw & Wee 


The Day’s Work 


Kim 

Plain Tales from the Hills 
Life’s Handicap 
Soldier Stories 
The Seven Seas 
The Naulahka 
Stalky & Co. 

Just So Stories 
Traffics and Dis- 


coveries 


pea: 
7) a 
Failed Willie Winkie 


COUNTRY LIFE THE WORLD'S WORK © THe GARDEN 
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YorK. 


Koster’s Blue Spruce 
and other Evergreens in variety 


Rhododendrons 
Hybrids and Maximum 


Pot-grown Strawberry Plants 


All for planting latter part of August or early 
September. 


Write for prices. Catalogue mailed upon request. 


THE MORRIS NURSERY CO. 
Sales Office: Metropolitan Bldg., 
1 Madison Avenue, - New York City 


IF YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE 


i NT What is a fair rental jor a given 
At H E G A R D E N M A G A V6 I N E Mabee Age the neriee eee 


A GREENHOUSE THIS WINTER 
BetweR GET BUSY Now 


| will take a little time for the prelimi- 
naries, such as talking it over with us; 
then your talking it over together. 

After you have ordered the house, per- 
haps you won’t be able to get a mason 
right off; so before you know it September 
will be half gone. Of course, you know the 
earlier you get the house planted, the sooner 
you will have your flowers in bloom—by 
Thanksgiving seems late enough for them. 

Besides, there’s your outdoor plants which 
you feel so badly to leave to Jack Frost’s 
depredations every fall. If you have a 
greenhouse, youcan transplant them, simply 
bringing your outdoors garden, indoors. 
Along with the downright good fun of hav- 


ing such a winter garden, there’s the health of 
it. There seems to be something about work- 
ing around growing things in a greenhouse 
that works wonders for one, physically. See 
what a healthy lot the florists are! Live 
to a ripe old age and all that sort of thing. 
There’s nothing like it fortaking the kinks 
out of life’s little worries—and it’s the wor- 
ries they say that play hob with us mortals. 
So by all means have a greenhouse. 
This one is 11 feet wide and 33 feet long. 
Can’t you just see how it will look on that 
spot you have long had in mind? 
Let’s get together right now and talk 
things over—or we can do it by correspon- 
dence, whichever you like. 


LORD AND BURNHAM COMPANY "nV 


NEW YORK BOSTON 


PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO 


An elaborately iltustrated book on the home garden 


The Garden Week by Week 


By WALTER P. WRIGHT 
ves is a practical handbook, by the author of “The Perfect 


Garden,” covering the gardening operations for every week 
in the year. It is a handy guide to the culture of all important 
flowers, vegetables and fruits—outdoors and in greenhouses 
and cold frames—invaluable to the amateur who needs to be 
reminded that this is the season for pruning grapes, and that for 


planting half-hardy bulbs, etc. 


The illustrations, of which there are about two hundred 
in color and in black and white, are very elaborate and beautiful. 


Net, $2.00 (Postage 20 cents) 
Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York City 


If you are planning to build the Readers’ 
86 Service can often give helpful suggestions 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


TO GROW 


HARDY PERENNIALS AND 
OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS 
SUCCESSFULLY 


They should be planted in September and 
October like Spring-flowering bulbs. 


They make roots during Fall and Winter, 
establishing themselves for Spring and Sum- 
mer blooming. 


Hardy Perennials our specialty. We grow 
thirty acres. Get our net wholesale prices 
with all necessary cultural directions, an 

largest list of Novelties for the asking. 


4 PALISADES NURSERIES 
PERENNIAL GROWERS Sparkill, N. Y. 


99 VARIETIES OF PEONIES 99 


In our new illustrated descriptive peony catalogue, which we will send free. This 
is the cream of 1200 varieties which have been grown in our trial grounds during 
the past twenty years that we have made a special study of the herbaceous peony. 
Our Guarantee—We replace with three every plant proving untrue to description. 
Our catalogue also includes a list of the very best iris. 


Order now. Plant in September. Get Blooms Next Spring 


PETERSON NURSERY Wm. A. Peterson, Proprietor 
Lincoln & Peterson Aves., CHICAGO, ILL. 


Plant Peonies 
This Fall 


Ready in September 
"THEY thrive better, bloom 
ear! 


lier and grow larger 
than if planted inthe spring. 
e specialize in these 
plants and have just issued 
a booklet on their culture, 
including IRISES, EVER- 
GREENS, ETC., for Fall 
_ Planting. 


: Write for a copy 
| Wild Bros. Nursery Co. 


| Box 514, Sarcoxie, Mo. 


Freesias at Christmas 


Would it please you to have Freesias at Christmas 
and the holidays? You can have them if you plant now. 
Mammoth bulbs 25c. per dozen, $1.70 per 100, postpaid, or 
send me roc. and I willsend enough for a pot anda copy 
of my Little Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs for 1909, 
ust out. 

} If you garden indoors or out you should have this 
little book. It is specially written for the amateur by 
Peter the Gardener, and is full of practical advice for the 
beginner or adept. It tells you just how to have success 
with bulbs. 

My Little Brown Book not only tells you how to 
plant bulbs, but where to get them at unusually low prices. 
My special offers, which include free delivery, should not 
be overlooked. Write today. 


HENRY SAXTON ADAMS, Wellesley, Mass. 


A course for Home-makers and 
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig 
and Prof. Batchelor, of -Cornell 
University. 

Gardeners who understand up-to- 
date methods and practice are in 
demand for the best positions. 


A knowledge of Landscape Gar- 
dening is indispensable to those 
who would have the pleasantest 
homes. 


Pro. Craic 


250 page catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass. 


Plant for Immediate Effect 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 


Start with the largest stock that can be secured! 
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. 


It takes over twenty 


We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that 


give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. 


Andorra Nurseries 


WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


April and November planted box growing side. by 
side and making equal progress 


the question has arisen what are we to do with the 
one hundred thousand privet slips which we shall 
have when these last plants need to be pruned ? 
This experience has proven many things, but 
nothing so conclusively as the fact that faith in one’s 
own effort is half the battle in successful planting. 
We kept our plants clean and we fed them well, 
and we had faith that they would be good citizens, 
and they were. We treated the plants as we treat 
our children. After all there is a strong family 
resemblance between plants and children. 
Maryland. Ipa M. H. STARR. 


Color All the Year 


AX NARROW bed in our garden between a walk 

and the stone house presented difficulties. 
After various unsuccessful experiments, a row of 
barberries (Berberis Thunbergiz) was planted against 
the house. Its pale green in spring is a beautiful 
background for the columbine in front of it. We 
hope to make a fuller collection of this exquisite 
flower, but only of the single varieties. So far we 
have but three varieties. The native red and 
yellow columbine blooms in April and May at the 
same time as Narcissus poeticus, which forms the 
border of the bed. The Rocky Mountain colum- 
bine (Aquilegia cerulea), perhaps the most exquisite 
of wild flowers, blooms in June, and the long spurred 
yellow variety (A. chrysantha) blooms during 
June and July. Then Anemone Japonica takes up 
the bloom and carries it on till frost, while the red 
berries of the barberry make a touch of color all 
winter. 


Pennsylvania. F. B. CATHCART. 


Familiar Swiss Flowers. 
Cassell & Co., London and New York, 1908; pp. 224, 


By F. Edward Hulme. 


too colored plates. Price, $2.75 net. 


A thoroughly good book. Capital portraits in 
colors of the most famous flowers of the Alps with 
brief, but sufficient, descriptions in simple language. 
Too large to be used as a pocket guide in the Alps, 
but the sort of book everyone likes to own. It tells 
nothing about the culture of these flowers, but is 
admirable for its purpose. 


SepreMBer, 1909 | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


If you wish information about dogs, 


apply to the Readers’ Service 87 


Cash for Ability 


Men, Women, 
Boys and Girls 


Here is Your Opportunity! 


@ We have a proposition that 
has good money-making possi- 
bilities for the active, wide-awake 
element of this country. 


@ Briefly, we want reliable per- 
sons to represent our three great 
magazines in the towns and 
cities where we are now without 
representatives. 


@ The work is easy and conge- 
nial—no investment is required. 
We will pay for spare time or 
full time effort, as is preferred. 


@ If you want a nice, well-pay- 
ing “Side Line,” write to the 
Circulation Department and ask 
for the special proposition we 
are making to all those who 
wish to work for us. No more 
than one person will be ap- 
pointed in small territories. 
Write quickly before someone 
secures your locality. Address 


Circulation Department 


Doubleday, Page & Co. 
N E W YORK CITY 


133 East | 6th Street 


BULBS 


from the growers direct 
to the planter. Our Illus- 


trated Catalogue mailed 
free to all who send for it. 


FRANKEN BROS. 


Deerfield, Illinois 


I 4 1 
Pe ees 
7 
‘ 
— ee 
4 it 


ft; Lg 
‘a 1-HICKS&SON 


WESTBURY. 2". 


Plant Evergreens Now 
Don’t Wait Till Spring 


Y planting them now you can then enjoy their greenness all through this fall 
B and winter. Evergreens, you know, are slow growers, so we advise your 

buying our largest trees and getting results at once. For some purposes it 
is better to buy a few goodly sized trees each year or so, than a number of smaller 
ones at one time and have that discouragingly long wait for them to grow up. 

Although we sell quantities of small trees, still the main part of our business 
is the transplanting and shipping of the larger evergreens up to as high as 30 feet. 
They can be successfully transplanted, done our way. 

These trees are grown direct from seed, and so are fully hardened to the 
cold sweeping winds of Long Island, and will thrive in any of the northern 


states. 


Our catalog most interestingly explains this moving of large trees. The price 
list covers all sizes, from the largest trees down to those only six inches high. 


Send for this catalog. 


Isaac Hicks and Son 
Westbury, Long Island, N. Y. 


‘Narcissus, p, 
Crocus, Hyacint 


BULBS 


A prémise of pleasure and 
profit for the planter. 
Vickh’s Bulb Catalogue, su- 
perbly illustrated, tells the 
whole story. Sent free to 
anyone who asks for it. 


James Vick’s Sons 


362 Main St. Rochester, N. Y. 


4 


For Autumn Planting 
Flowering Shrubs and 
Hardy Perennials 


Roses, Irises and Paeonies. 
Catalogue sent on application. 


SHATEMUC NURSERIES, 
BARRYTOWN, DUTCHESS COUNTY, N. Y. 


The Readers’ Service will give you injor- 
mation about leading hotels anywhere 


Catalog,’’ for 1909, address BURPEE Philedelphia 


FOR STANCH HOSE— 


See the RED Trade-mark! 


Every section of Electric Garden Hose (made in Wilmington, 
Delaware) is stamped with ared trade-mark. Be sure to look for it. 

Twist Electric Hose. Pull it around sharp corners. Even tie it 
into a knot. You simply can’t make it kink. In any position or 
any shape you get full pressure at the nozzle. 


ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


(made in Wilmington, Delaware) 
wears twice as long as ordinary hose. It is built in a series of woven 
jackets (in one piece) of high test cotton alternating with layers of fine 


grade rubber vulcanized into a solid seamless piece. (Common hose is 
wrapped with canvas—like a rag around a sore finger. It has no 
body. It won’t wear.) Electric will stand a higher water pressure 
than any other hose. 400 pounds wont burst it. Any 
length up to 500 feet. Although Electric is the 
finest hose ever made it only costs a cent 
or two more than common. Get your 
seedsman or hardware dealer to 
show you the hose and the 
trade-mark. 


Electric Hose & Rubber 
Company 


‘Ami 
Wilmington, Delaware PTAA - “ie 


i 5 -S ee } "4 y Loe 
“1 Tine ms, Cee a aD Ney pi 


BURPEE 


S 


If a want a copy of the 


g American Seed SRA IO) IP Oi CA ICA IL OG IS IF 


Trinidad Lake Asphalt 


—the time-tested weather-resister used on streets and roofs 
for over a quarter of a century—is the stuff that makes 


Genasco 


Ready Roofing 


Genasco is the stuff that makes your roof proof against 
leaks and repairs. ‘There is no mystery about what it is 


You know Trinidad Lake Asphalt—and you 


made of. 


know it makes roofing that lasts. 


Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book. Mineral and smooth surface. Ask 
your dealer for Genasco. Insist on the roofing with the hemisphere trade-mark, and the thirty- 
two-million-dollar guarantee. 


THE BARBER ASPHALT, PAVING COMPANY 


Largest Producers of Asphalt and Largest 
Manufacturers of Ready Roofing in the World 


PHILADELPHIA 


San Francisco 


Chicago 


Reg. U.S. Pat, Off. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEEDS GROW | Chickering Pianos 


Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Plant Easter, Madonna, and Nan- 
keen Lilies in September 


HINK of lilies blooming for three successive 
years in the same pot! Taster lilies are 
generally thrown away after forcing, or else put 
in the garden where they often behave poorly. 
Yet I saw in Mr. Robert Sydenham’s private 
greenhouse, at Birmingham, England, a pot of 
lilies which had made this wonderful record. The 
secret was the moss fibre in which the bulbs were 
grown without drainage. Mr. Sydenham’s idea 
ought to be adopted in America. I think it 
might make bulb culture popular among the 
millions of flat dwellers in great cities who now say 
they cannot grow any flowers. 

There is a strange tale about Queen Isabella 
of Spain and the Liliwm testaceum or excelsum. 
It is said that she swore she would not wash cer- 
tain garments until a great battle had been won. 
The victory was rather slow in coming, and the 
garments became the peculiar creamy salmon 
for which the “‘nankeen lily” is noted. It was 
formerly called Lilium Isabellinum. Several other 
flowers having this interesting and beautiful color 
have been named after Isabella. We cannot vouch 
for the truth of the legend, but the lily itself is a 
lovely one. It must be planted in September, as 
it has to make a leaf growth in the fall. In this 
and several] other resnects it resembles the Madonna 
lily (L. candidum). 


New Jersey. THomas McApam. 


A Flower Stand for the Lae 


Room 


By the care of house plants, accessibility is of 

much importance, for the artificial condi- 
tions under which the plants are grown call for 
considerable extra attentions. While simple enough 
so much time is often taken up that many people 
count the trouble of keeping flowers over winter 
more bother than the reward justifies. To sweep 
up the dead leaves, to provide against wetting the 
carpet when sprinkling the plants, to protect them 
on cold nights, to reach infected specimens in order 
to apply remedies — these are some of the duties 
which often prove discouraging. 

After struggling with one of the old-fashioned 
flower stands for several years, I contrived a plant 
holder which, if not perfect, is, I think, a vast 
improvement on the old-time article. 

For sixty cents I bought two curtain poles six 
and a half feet long, which I cut off at one end and 
attached to ball-bearing castors. Into these uprights 
I mortised three cross-cleats, to which I secured the 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Ellwanger & 
Barry’s 


Peonies 
Phloxes 


Irises 


Are Unsurpassed in Variety and Quality 


The Best Results are to be Obtained 
by Planting in September 


Illustrated booklet with descriptions and 
planting directions FREE upon request. 


MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES 
Box B, Rochester, New York 


Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks 


That’s all that is necessary if you use the time-saving, 
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof 
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box 
You will have better, hardier, longer lived plants. Our 
box is for indoor or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and so/d 
on 30 days’ FREE Trial. Descriptive booklet FREE. 


ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill. 


The Ra ayo Lamp gives a clear steady light. 


Made of brass throughout 


and nickel plated. Warranted. At 
dealers or write nearest agency. 
STANDARD OIL COMPANY 


(Incorporated) 
WITH OR 


SUN- DIALS yauss, 
PEDESTALS 


Send for illustrated 
price list H 29 
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. 
Chicago, Ill. 
New York Office, 1123 Broadway 


en “ie eannict stop for a 
rainy day - will find the 
greatest comfort and free- 


opp eae 
SUITS #390 


(BLACK OR -YELLOW). 
IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS 
SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 
CATALOG *16 FREE 


m4 
AJ-Tower Co. BOSTON.U.S.A. TOWER CANADIAN Co. LIMITED TORONTO CAN. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


‘the exterior. 


The Readers’ Service will give < 
information about automobiles 89 


2h at, 


ad - 
MBLs NCS 
Co ~ —ae 


4 2 ht 
Bhai . ; 4 | 


Twelve Beautiful Color Plates 
of Home Decoration Sent Free 


UR DECORATIVE 

DEPARTMENT has _ just 
completed a portfolio containing a 
beautiful color plate (6 inches by 9 
inches) for every room in an ideal plan 
for a house and two illustrations of 
This portfolio also con- 
tains a book which tells you just how 
to obtain these artistic effects with 
Sherwin-Williams Decorative 
Finishes. It gives exact specifica- 
tions and tells all about our Decora- 
tive Department. 


“Stencils and Stencil 
Materials’’ is the name 
of a book which tells 
how to decorate with 
stencils. It is also 
mailed free on request. 


SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 
PAINTS & VARNISHES 


This new department is available 
to any one who is about to build, 
remodel or redecorate. Special color 
suggestions for a single room or a 
complete house can be obtained free 
of cost. These color schemes are 
designed to meet your requirements 
exactly and include suggestions for 
furniture, draperies and rugs if desired. 
By writing for the portfolio or accept- 
ing our Decorative Service you place 
yourself under no obligation to pur- 
chase our products. 


Address all inqutries to Decorative Department, 
657 Canal Road, N.W., Cleveland, Ohto 


CLARK’S 


GANG DOUBLE ACTION 


WITH EXTENSION HEAD. 
It will increase yourcrops 25 to so per cent. 
This machine will cut from 28 to 30acres, or will double-cut 15 acres 
It is drawn by two medium horses. 
15,000 tons of earth one foot in a day, and canbe set to 


(CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 


for Orchard work. 


in a day. 


HARROW 


BIG 
PROFITS 


“CUTAWAY” 


It is made especially 


It will move 


move the earth but little, or at so great an angle as to move 


all the earth one foot. 


keeps the surface true. 
Jointed Pole Takes All the Weight Off the Horses’ Necks, and keeps 


their heels away from the disks. 


Runs true in line of draft and SY I 
All other disk harrows have to run inhalflap. The PI CLARK’S 5 DOUBLE ATEN D 


We make 120 styles and sizes of Disk Har- 


rows. Every machine fully warranted. Entire satisfaction guaranteed. 


Send for FREE Booklet with full particulars. 


CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 
HIGGANUM, CONN. 


902 Main Street, 


What is a fair rental for a given 
90 property ? Ask the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


To Advertisers— 


Who Want Quick 
Results 


A DVERTISING success is rightly measured 


by results. 

A rightly planned advertising campaign 
should show results quickly. The other kind is not 
worth the price. 

Mail-Order Advertisers must have good in- 
quiries at minimum cost—then a Selling System 
that turns them into orders. 

General Advertisers should have quick evidence 
of their advertising ‘“‘taking hold.” 

This evidence—quickening demand for goods 
—increase in yolume of sales. 

It’s now a “‘today” race for business supremacy. 

A slow-going advertising campaign may mean 
prosperity to your grandchildren—most business 
men want prosperity more for themselves than for 
posterity. 


How to Get Quick Results 


—Is a question we’ve solved for many of our 
clients—with tremendous success. 

A dozen months ago we originated a new product— 
selling plan—and advertising campaign, for a large 
Western manufacturer who already had a large volume 
of business. 

In less than a year—at a moderate expenditure 
for advertising—this new product outsold in volume 
the old line of goods that they had spent ten years 
to build up a trade for—and did it at a handsome 
profit. 

* * *5 

Three years ago we originated an advertising 
campaign and selling plan for a small Western mail- 
order advertiser, practically unknown. 

His business has grown until this year his volume 
was over a million and a half dollars—his profits over 
$150,000.00 net. 

x * 2 


Seven months ago we planned a new advertising 
campaign, and got up a new distribution plan for a 
well-known national magazine advertiser. 

In six months’ time he had increased the already 
large volume of his business—the largest of its kind 
in the United States—60% over his biggest year’s 
business—and at an advertising expenditure actually 
less than the previous year—got 60% increase in volume 


of sales, and at a less advertising expenditure—please 
get that point. 
*% ** *k 


Less than six months ago we originated a selling 
plan and general campaign for a large manufacturer 
on an entirely new product, for which he had practic- 
ally no sale at all. 

After our plans were completed, their salesmen 
used them on the trade—and in five weeks’ time actu- 
ally sold enough goods to net over $40,000.00 profit 
—and before a line of the advertising appeared in the 
magazines. 

We have ample proof of a great many more of 
our quick advertising successes that are even more 
remarkable than the ones mentioned, which we cite’ 


merely to show that it is possible to get quick returns 
from a rightly planned, well-executed advertising 
campaign. 

ae * * * 

We are strictly a service agency. 

The remarkable successes of our campaigns 
are due to the fact that ours is an organization of able 
merchandising and advertising men of vast experience 
in handling a great variety of accounts in nearly every 
line. 

Our service is unlike that of any other agency 
in America. We handle accounts in an entirely 
different manner from any other agency. 

We go deeper into selling and merchandising 
plans—plans for distribution—plans for getting 
100% value for every dollar expended—which are 
made to work both before and after the advertising 
starts. 

We go deeper into the value of media, circulation, 
territory, trade conditions. 

We go deeper into assisting in originating new 
products, naming products, establishing trade-marks. 

We have a large clientele. We handle many 
accounts for new and small advertisers. We have 
made some tremendous successes from very small 
beginnings. 

Some of our largest advertising accounts—the 
largest in their respective lines in the country—have 
developed from very modest beginnings. We also 
handle many accounts for large concerns—among our 
clients are fifty concerns and corporations rated a 
million dollars and over—many of them the largest 
of their kind in the country. 

It is needless to say‘ that we employ only men 
of keenest ability in the different departments of our 
business. 

We are working along the line that advertising 
agents should be more than advertising agents— 
that they should be, first, merchandisers, and then 
advertising agents. 


Merchandising and Selling 
Plans for Advertisers 


Ten of the trained men of our organization— 
picked on account of their exceptional ability and 
experience in merchandising and advertising in various 
lines of business, devote their time, individually and 
collectively, to Plans for Advertisers. 

(These men, with their superior ability, have 
made remarkable successes for our clients. These 
successes have increased our own business over a 
million dollars in the past twelve months.) 


Plans 


No. 1—Plans for Magazine Advertisers. 

No. 2—Plans for Newspaper, Street Car and 
Outdoor Advertisers. 

No. 3—Plans for Agricultural Advertisers. 

No. 4—Plans for Mail-Order Advertisers. 

We will be glad to furnish, without obligation, 
information regarding these plans to any advertiser 
interested in getting better advertising agency service 
—quicker returns for his expenditure. 

In writing please mention Plan interested in, 
or ask us to have one of our men call. 


Long-Critch field 


Corporation 


Corn Exchange Bank Bldg. 
Chicago 


D. L. Tay lor, President 


Flatiron Building 
New > ork 


The Most Complete Advertising Service in America 


shelves, which were made from an old dry-goods 
box planed and sandpapered until the wood pre- 
sented a finished appearance. 

The supports for one upright were manufactured 
of stiff wire formed into a circle at one end, through 
which the upright slipped. The wire was then 
bent obliquely, and the other end finished with a 
small eye by means of which it was screwed to the 
window casement. The supports for the other 
upright, instead of being finished with a loop with 
which to fasten it to the wall, were tipped with a 
hook that fitted into screw-eyes set in the casement. 
By lifting out these hooks, the whole structure 
could be turned in the sockets of the opposite arms, 
as on a hinge, and pushed back against the side wall. 

A pan that ought not to cost more than a dollar, 
made with feet an inch high, was placed on the 
floor underneath and caught the dead leaves and 
drippings, or it might be adjusted six inches or so 


= 


This swinging stand for window plants was made 
from two curtain poles and some old boxes 


below the lower shelf. In either event it afforded 
the best opportunity for sprinkling the plants. By 
inserting a small hook on the outside and near the 
top of each pole and another one on each side of 
the window sash, at an even height with those on 
the poles, a piece of kitchen oilcloth, supplied with 
rings, can be stretched around the stand in a trice 
and, with the lower ends of the oilcloth resting in 
the drain pan, you may sprinkle the plants to your 
heart’s content. 

With a little ingenuity this plan can be adapted 
to suit the means of its builder. For instance, 
about a dollar might be saved by rounding off the 
ends and sandpapering them carefully instead of 
using the ball-bearing casters; while on the other 
hand, a much lighter and more ornamental struc- 
ture can be produced by having the shelves made 
of rods of stiff wire bent up half an inch at the ends 
and set in holes bored in the cleats; but they must 
be securely fastened or in swinging the stand 
against the wall, the shelves will fold against each 
other and the pots will fall to the ground. This 
latter arrangement is very desirable, for. besides 
letting more light into the room, it also permits 
the air to circulate freely underneath the pots, to 
get at the roots, and to help the process of oxidation. 

New York. C. C. BRASHER. 


Early Blooming Asters 


HERE are a lot of early blooming native 
asters, but will some one please explain what 
place, if any, they fill? What does anyone want of 
perennial asters in July or August? Why not 
concentrate on those kinds that flower in Septem- 
ber and October ? 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


Grow 
Chestnuts 
Like This 
For Profit au 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 


dred, you can get bigger profits per acre 
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any 
other crop you could plant. 

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- 
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk ; 
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— 

These qualities have been combined and de- 
veloped by science to a degree that closely bor- 
ders perfection, 1n the new 


SOBER PARAGON 


Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut 


A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
(5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- 
chard was only 7 years old, 

' The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
“The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality 
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated 
varieties that I have examined. It is of large 
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” 

The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 
5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The 
nuts average 1 to 2 inches in diameter—and 3 to 
§ nuts in a burr. 

We offer 3 to 5-foot grafted trees for delivery 
Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being 
booked now. 

Testimony from growers, commission mer- 
chants, Forrestry Experts, etc., given in our free 
booklet, together with prices and particulars. 
We own exclusive con- 
trol of the Sober Para- 
gon. This copyrighted 
metal seal is attached 
to every genuine tree, 
when shipped. 


Write today for the booklet. Address “Desk B” 


GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


Dutch Bulbs and Roots 


Of All Varieties 
oo" C. G. van Tubergen, Jr. 
Haarlem, Holland 


Orders for importation only. Catalog free. 
C. C. ABEL & CO., Sole Agents, 112 Broad St., New York 


INGEE ROSES Strong and thrifty. Sold on their own 

roots. Shipped to any point in the U.S. 

Safe arrival guaranteed. Our $10,coo book ‘Sixty Years Among 

the Roses’? embodies our practical experience in rose-growing. 

Sent free on request. Flower and vegetable seeds a specialty. 
Established 1850. 


The Dingee & Conard Co., Box 13, West Grove, Pa. 


Home Grown Lilies 


Fresh from the Ground 


Those who have tried them beltebe them 
fetter than store bulbs. Better give both 
a trial this Fall, and compare results. 


Early planted tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc., 
give better results in the North than late planted, 
because the roots have time to form before 
cold weather. Try early planting. Horsford’s 
Autumn Supplement, ready middle of August, 
offers a long list of the best lilies, tulips, cro- 
cuses, daffodils, etc., which are very promising 
this season. My stock of lilies is the best I have 
ever had, and the Lilium Henryi, the new and 
most durable one of its kind, is especially fine. 
The prices will be very low. Before placing your 
orders for Herbaceous Perennials, Bulbs, and 
other plants send for my Autumn Supplement. 
It will save you time and disappointment. 


F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


that I cannot afford to mark my fruit with Bordeaux,” 
“I have less scale and finer foliage than ever before.” 


B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists, 


The Readers’ Service will give you 
information about motor boats 


THE HERITAGE OF \ BRIDGED { ITS TWICE - AS - LARGE 


A. T. STEWART 


THE GREATER 


WANAMAKER TWIN 


WANAMAKER’S 


Offers Its Metropolitan Shopping Advantages to 


Visitors and Mail Order Buyers Everywhere 


One of the most interesting “‘sights’’ of New York to visitors; the most painstaking and helpful Mail 
Order Service for those who can’t come in person. 


THE WANAMAKER WOMAN’S STORE 


In constant touch with Paris, London, Berlin, 
and every source of Fashion abroad and at 
home. 

To give a proper suggestion of Wanamaker 
merchandise, to the entire American public we 
have in preparation the following MERCHAN- 
DISE REFERENCE FOLIOS—which will be 
mailed as soon as ready. 


OF CHIEF INTEREST TO WOMEN 

1. THE FOLIO OF FASHIONS. (Picturing and de- 
scribing the newest fashions in Dresses, Suits 
and Coats, for Women and Girls. 

2. THE LINGERIE BOOK. (With illustrations and 
descriptions of Women’s Waists, Negligees, 
House Gowns, Muslin Underwear, Silk Petticoats 
and Corsets.) 

3. THE MILLINERY BOOK. 

4. THE FOLIO OF CHILDREN’S WEAR. 

5. THE DRESS GOODS AND SILKS LISTS. 

6. THE HANDKERCHIEF FOLIO. 

7. THE BOOK OF HOUSEKEEPING LINENS. 

8 THE FANCY GOODS BOOK. (Illustrating and 
describing Women’s Neckwear, Gloves, Jewelry, 
Belts, Fans, Combs, Toilet Articles, Leather 
Goods, Notions, Dress Trimmings, Laces, Em- 
broideries, Art Embroideries, Umbrellas, Par- 
asols, and many other small wares.) 

OF CHIEF INTEREST TO MEN AND BOYS 

. THE BOOK OF MEN’S AND BOYS’ WEAR. (II- 
lustrating and describing latest New York styles 
in Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Furnishings— 
excepting Underwear and Socks, for which see 
Underwear and Hosiery Folio.) 

OF INTEREST TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN 

10. THE SHOE FOLIO. 

11. THE HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR FOLID. 

12. THE BOOK LIST. (Containing News and Prices 
about New and Standard Books.) 


wo 


THE WANAMAKER GALLERIES 


The New 16-story Wanamaker Build- 
ing (exclusive of the Main floor, which 
is The Man’s Store) is devoted to 
the most comprehensive assemblages 
of Home Furnishings, and the broadest 
facilities for Home Decoration exist- 
ing anywhere. 


ANYTHING needed for the Home can be bought, 
most satisfactorily, by mail; and we can take up the 
entire question of decorating and furnishing your new 
house, or re-decorating your old house ANY WHERE, 
by mail. Write us about it. 

This interesting Catalogue literature to select from— 
sent upon request: 

Catalogue-Folio—* PALATIAL FURNITURE” 

Catalogue-Folio—‘FOREFATHERS’ FURNITURE” 

Catalogue-Folio—* MODERN FURNITURE” 

Catalogue-Folio—* MODEL METAL BEDSTEADS” 

Catalogue—‘ HYGIENIC BEDDING ”’ 

THE PIANO Catalogue. 

Catalogue of China, Cut Glass and Art Wares. 

Catalogue of Lace Curtains and Upholstery. 


We willbe glad to sendto you, FREE OF CHARGE, 
any of the above folios, or catalogues in which you 
may be interested ; or to send any special information 
you may desire. 

If you wish to learn more about WANAMAKER’S, 
its methods, facilities and merchandise, write for 
“The GUIDE BOOK,” which will be sent upon request. 


Address your communication to “Section HH” 


KILL PLANT BUGS and DOG FLEAS 


with Lemon Oil Insecticide, adding 30 parts water. No odor, no 
poison—advantages over Fish Oil or Tobacco Products. Used 
everywhere. If not sold by your seedsman, write WEATHERBY 
BROS., Baltimore, Md., for full information. 


JOHN WANAMAKER, New York 


HOW TO GROW ROSES 


A trusty guide to success with roses 

out of doors. Invaluable to every ¢€ U4 
lover of the Queen of Flowers 
Mailed for roc. Box 24-I, 


“IT HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS 


says Mr. Geo. T. Powell, of Ghent, N. Ve 
REASON: Five years consecutive use of cient aucy apples: 


“SCALECIDE” 


cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime-Sulphur. 


Send for Booklet, “Orchard Insurance.” 


PRICES e IN BARRELS AND HALF BARRELS, 50c. PER GALLON; 10 GALLON 
¢ CANS, $6.00; 5 GALLON CANS, $3.25; 1 GALLON CANS, $1.00 


If you want cheap oils, our ‘“CARBOLEINE”’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else. 


50 CHURCH STREET, 


NEW YORK CITY. 


What is a fair rental for a given 
92 property? Ask the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


As to Perfection 


One of the users of our pump in writing to us 
to tell us what he thought of it, used a phrase 
that set us to thinking. He said: “It is as 
perfect as things in this world can ever be.” 
That is the sort of praise a merchant likes 
to hear. Such a praise shows that hearty 
good-will which can only come from entire 
satisfaction. And that is what the Rider- 
Ericsson Pump is made to give its users. We 


are quite ready to use the “‘reason why” style 
of advertising, except that in our case it is not 
wise for us to confine our statements to a few 


good points; we are not trying to sell our 
pumps because of a few points of superiority 
over some other contrivance, but because of 
their all-round rightness for their work. 

Be sure that the name 


purchase. This name 
less imitations. 


ReECO-RIDER -: REECO-ERICSSON 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write 


We have a pump that will lift, drive, and 
deliver water in the easiest, simplest, cheapest, 
and most durable way. If you need such a 
pump, we will be glad to go into every detail 
with you. 

He who has watched the failing power of 
the windmill—while the breeze was slowly fall- 
ing—and who had intended to use an extra 
supply of water on garden or lawn—will ap- 
preciate the value of the Hot-Air Pump— 
which is always ready and at your service. 
And when so vital a matter as the water sup- 
ply for the house and barn depends on the 
pump it is worth much to have one which is 
s as perfect as things in this world can ever 


be 


appears upon the pump vou 
protects you against worth- 


to our nearest office (see Jist below) for the name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who will 


sell you only the genuine pump. 


. 
Write for catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RIDER-ERICSSON 
ENGINE Co. 


(Also builders of the new “Reeco” Electric Pump.) 


\ ,\ JRITE to-day for our list of 
all the choicest Hardy 


Plants, Bulbs, Shrubs and Trees 
for fall planting. 

If you want your surroundings 
attractive next year do your plant- 
ing this fall. 

There is nothing more delightful } 
and pleasing to cultured taste than 

artistic and properly planted grounds. We advise 
our customers how to plant to obtain the best 
effects. Write us to-day. 


Wagner Park Conservatories 
Box 441 SIDNEY, OHIO 
Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners 


Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world today. 


35 Warren Street 
239 Franklin Street 
40 Dearborn Street 
40 North 7th Srreet 
234 West Craig Street 
22 Pitt Street - 


New York 
Boston 

Chicago 
Philadelphia 
Montreal. P. Q. 
Sydney, N.S.W. 


HOT-AIR PUMP 


ORCHIDS 


Largest importers and growers of 
OrcHIDS in the United States 


LAGER & HURRELL 
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. 


There’s Money in P oultry 


Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry 
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the 
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to 
make poultry pay. 

Personal instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 


Prof. Grahain Dept. G. P., =pringfield, Mass. 


wea lILOW us to send you 
without charge this little 

2 portfolio showing com- 
position stone ornaments such 
as sun dials, benches, fountains, 
vases, etc., suitable for the large 


estate or small garden. 


It will tell you how to make your garden a delight- 
ful outdoor living room and also offer you in the con- 
venience of your home a wide selection of garden 
accessories. You can select garden accessories from 
this portfolio as confidently and_ satisfactorily as if 
you were at the Garden Studio, 647 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. 
We have long made a specialty of the most classic and beautiful accessories for mak- 
ing the country place more attractive or the small garden an outdoor living room. 
This firm also makes a specialty of interior decoration of churches, libraries, 


residences and public buildings. 


Address Garden Department, 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 


647 Boylston Street 


BOSTON, MASS. 


POISON FOR ROSE BUGS 


S. C., No. Da.— The brown beetle on your roses is un- 
doubtedly the rose bug. Either spray the plants with 
arsenate of lead at the rate of a pound of lead to ten 
gallons of water or use Bordeaux mixture. For the rust, 
spray with Bordeaux mixture, for the making of which 
a recipe will be found in the April, 1907, GARDEN 
Macazine, page 146. i 


GRAPES IN SUMMER 


C. B. C., N. J. —To check the ravages of the insects 
on your grape vines, spray every ten days or two weeks 
with Bordeaux mixture to which has been added arsenate 
of lead at the rate of three pounds to the barrel (fifty 
gallons) or Paris green, using half a pound to the barrel. 
Only a little pruning is necessary in the summer. Rub 
off all suckers from the roots and other shoots not wanted. 
Pinch off the side branches of the canes you wish to save 
for next year so as to throw growth into the ends. When 
these canes have reached the desired length, pinch . off 
their tips. 


MAKING PEONIES BETTER 


C. H., Mass.— Peonies will undoubtedly be greatly 
improved by heavy mulchings of stable manure applied 
immediately after flowering. As the strength and vigor 
of next year’s growth depend upon the growth that is made 
this season, it is clear that careful attention is needed from 
after the flowering period until September. By the end of 
September the plants go to rest; feeding beyond that 
date is therefore impracticable. In the absence of stable 
manure use any complete commercial fertilizer, a very ex- 
cellent one having been named in Tue Garpen Macazine 
for June, 1905. 


KEEPING LAWNS GREEN 


J. K., New York.— Unless there is sufficient depth 
to your soil to maintain plenty of moisture for the roots 
of the grass in summer time, it is impossible to keep the 
lawn in a perfectly green condition. Very thorough and 
deep preparation of the site where the lawn is to be made is 
thereforeadvised. The applicationof surfacefertilizersat this 
time of the year is not recommended, as it would have a 
tendency to bring the roots of the grass to the surface and 
the lawn would have to be copiously and continuously 
watered during the remainder of the season. Light top 
dressings of soil are effective in helping the roots inasmuch 
as they act asa mulch. Never to give a strong food after 
the middle of the season may be taken as a cardinal princi- 
ple in adding fertilizers; otherwise the plant will be stimu- 
lated into growth which will not have time to ripen before 
winter. 


MAKING BLACKBERRY WINE 


P. C. H., N. Carolina.— For each quart of fully ripe 
fruit, mashed and placed in tub, allow a quart of boiling 
(soft) water. Pour the water on the berries and let all 
stand till next day, stirring it occasionally. Then press out, 
strain and measure the juice, and allow half a pound of sugar 
to each quart of the liquid. Place the sugar ina cask 
and strain the juice into it. Stir until sugar is dissolved; 
then let the cask remain unstoppered until fermentation is 
over. At this point stir in the beaten whites of four eggs 
or a half ounce of gum arabic dissolved in a little water. 
Leave open until the next day, when it may be bunged. 
It will be ready to bottle in two months. Another recipe 
which is equally as good is as follows: Scald the berries, 
press and strain the juice, allowing for each quart of juice 
two quarts of soft water and three pounds of white coffee 
sugar. Keep bung open until fermentation ceases, close the 
bung and place the barrel in a cool place for eight months, 
and then bottle. 


a 
to 


iJ 
What is a fair elie a given 
€ C « 


S PPTEMBER, 1909 Sh H 1D) G A R D E N M A G A UL; ] N E property? Ask the Readers’ Service 


SAA 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


Banish Those Unsightly Lines 


and ugly clothes posts that mar the 
appearance of your yard. e 


b) FAMOUS 

HILL’S &o%s DRYER 

overcomes those objectionable features. 

In Use saves endlesstramping and lugging. /be 
line comes toyou. Sheets hung on outside give 
neat appearance and protect other pieces from 
public view. 

Out of Use folds up compactly to put away, 
leaving no disfigurement behind. 

Send for descriptive Folder No..39 about this wonder- 


fully clean, common-sense clothes drying contrivance. 


HILL DRYER CO., 359 Park Ave. 
WORCESTER, MASS. 


A 


Buys This Greenhouse 


x ie best bowarld: Sq|HIs PRICE includes everything just as you see 


iF : : ‘Gan \G it—absolutely no extras. We will send you this 
rE. aconies All the choice vari- as ey. house, knock-down fashion, all ready for imme- 
eties from every source. Lists free. 1@D}} | \(@s] diate erection. It will have planting benches on 


both sides of the walk, with heating pipes under 
them, and even a special little boiler all its own. You and 
your handy man can easily put the house up, if you want to 
save in that way. We send full erection directions. You'll need 
no foundations, because we have a method of anchoring the 


ae Cattle Manure house that does away with that expense and bother and makes 


a | B. Shredded or a thoroughly practical job. This house is made of seasoned Set marages 
fi g Pulverized cypress, and is in every way a splendid piece of workmanship. As the gable 
Best for all indoor and outdoor work. Na 


bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of ; 
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write little conservatory. 


—— | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. Aside from the flowers and vegetables you can always have in 
; 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago such a greenhouse, there’s the fun of it—the right down unadulter- 

ated fun of fussing in your own indoors garden, no matter what 

AU Mess Afallisensone the weather. There’s nothing like it for healthfulness—soothes the 


a of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar nerves and makes you forget things. This is the first time a thor- 
& Ee AO cts, m Postage stamps together with the name of your oughly practical, fully equipped greenhouse has been offered for 
ye * dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the anywhere near s0 low a price. We make them up by the hundreds. 
IE i Se ea aaa Send at once for booklet which fully describes it and gives 
Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN some very interesting suggestions of things that can be easily 


best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book a onder: ff és 5 h 5 _ 
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising» grown in it. But don’t put off ordering till frost has nipped your 


preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will plants and it’s all too Jate to save them. You have always wanted 
be sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer. a greenhouse, and now here’s your chance. 


Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. ; : : : ; 
e e Seam : 

H 1 t Cc h in g Ss & C om Pp a ny yy BOEN OEE lee Seciteneal bao case jashion. Theseare 

the units; they forming the sides, roof and end. Every 

1 1 7 0 B roa d way N ew Yo r k part is cut and jilted ready cee rmmeisnee Seed 


E. J. SHAYLOR 


Paeony Specialist 
Wellesley Farms. Massachusetts 


It can be attached directly to your dwelling, making an ideal 


; our Flowers Where They 


Can Be Seen ! | 
Do you have more flowers than you can display FAIRFAX ROSES | EUREKA HARNESS OIL 


Unequalled as a leather preservative. Prevents cracking and 


Pots 


A well on your porch or in the house? Here’s a 
ce device that takes up only alittle room, but shows CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free | rotting. Givesa fine finish. Sold everywhere. 
Desired —> every plant off beautifully. It will not tip, 
cia ia or blow over, or break down, even under W. R. GRAY Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX, CO., VA. SENDA OE COMEANY. 
Becca | a weight of 500 pounds. Has holders for 


ieeces 25 plants. Place for jardiniere at top. 


w Boyd’s Revolving 
a Flower Stand 
— 


Meecee? Made from steel and iron, securely 
i som bracec; galvanized and enameled 
=» -—cannot rust. This Stand ve- 

be» volves—all plants may be turned 
} to light, hence none become 
“drawn.”? Mounted on casters 


Hammond’s Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants 


“Hammond’s Cattle Comfort” 


Trade Mark 


Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Flies, 
Gnats and other pests. It is cheap and effective. For 
pamphlet on “Bugs and Blights” write to 


and iseasily moved. Hassprink- 
ling attachment. . 

Our booklet will interest you. 

Write today fora copy. 


EA 


ECLIPSE NOVELTY WORKS 


Sina ‘‘Cattle Comfort’? HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT, Fishkill on Hudson, N. Y. 


94 


MOON’S EVERGREENS 


and the immediate effect they produce 


The Readers’ Service will gladly assist in 
selecting decorations for the home 


MOON’S EVERGREENS FOR AUTUMN PLANTING 


A stock of over 100 acres ; an assortment unexcelled anywhere. 


There are varied forms in dwarf 


and tall growing kinds and infinite tones of green, golden, and blue, in sizes from one to twenty-five feet. 
Space for symmetrical development of the branches and ceaseless cultivation make these trees. 


LOOK WELL AND MOVE WELL 


If you are going to plant evergreens, first write us. 
Send for it. 


THE WM. H. MOON CO. 


Every Place and Purpose will interest you. 


Philadelphia Office 
21 South 12th St. 


WATER ON TAP 


Always and everywhere you want it, pumped from stream, pond or 
spring. No expense for power, no trouble, no repairs, water raised 30 feet 
, for every foot of fall, when you install a 


FOSTER curry RAM 


sold with written Guaranty ot Satisfaction or your 
money back and freight refunded. Thousands used — 
all highly endorsed. 

FREE BOOK shows how to install, gives full 

particulars and valuable water-supply sugges- 
tions. Prices and plans 
for your needs furnished 
gladly. 


Power Specialty Co. 
2135 Trinity Bldg., 
New York City, N. Y. 


Our catalogue of Hardy Trees and Plants for 


Morris Weishts, 
Morrisville, Pa. 


ARD 

BRAND ~/ 
Pau Sheep Manure 
SS EL EQUA Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad 

Tag odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 
$ 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. 

° Delivered to your Freight Station. 


Apply now. 
The Pulverized Manure Co..19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


FLORICULTURE 


Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- 
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof, Batchelor of Cornell 
University. 

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and 
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and 

egetables as well as Flowers Under Glass. 

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass. 


Prof. Craig 


Main Office: KENT, OHIO 


Save the Lives of Your Trees— 
They Are too Precious to Sacrifice 


If you are fortunate enough to have trees about your place, no doubt you have 
come to love them as living things. Tender memories of those who planted or 
have cared for them probably cluster around many if not all of your tree friends. 

Trees are nolongercommon or cheap, and you could not replace the fine old 
ones at any reasonable outlay—even if you could, the substitutes would not be the 
same to you; they would lack the associations that made the old ones so precious. 

Davey men and Davey methods can save your trees, if there is anything at all 
left to work on. Many of the achievements of the Davey corps of tree surgeons 
are little less than marvelous—healthy, hearty trees, that a few years ago 
were only shells, are living monuments to the efficiency of the Davey treatment. 


John Davey, the Father of Tree Surgery 
Has Given the World a New Profession 


If you have to engage a lawyer, you want a successful one; if you 
must call a physician or surgeon, you want one in whom you can place 
absoluteconfidence; if you employ a tree surgeon, you should have 
the best—not experimenters I 
profession has not been established in practice. : 

If you wish to save your trees, you need the services of tree 
surgeons who can give results, The Davey experts alonecan thoroughly 
satisfy you. We are just now preparing a beautiful new booklet, which 
will bea veritable delight to the tree-lover, fully explaining our work. 
Its cost is too great to permit promiscuous distribution but if you have 
trees and are interested in their preservation, we shall be glad to ; ; : 
mail you a copy without charge. Send us your name and address today, if you wish this 
booklet, for prompt attention addressing Desk 1. 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc. 
(Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry) 


or men whose reputation 


“The Home of Tree Surgery” 


in the 


JOHN DAVEY 
Father of Tree Surgery 


Eastern Office: TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 
Address Nearest Office 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


SEPTEMBER 1909 


CAULIFLOWER ROOT MAGGOTS 


Is there any simple remedy for root maggots in 
cauliflower ? 

Massachusetts. M5 18, (Cs 
—Bisulphide of carbon is one of the most effective 
remedies you can possibly use. The fumes are 
not so dangerous a poison as they are a dangerous 
explosive, but there is no danger whatever in 
using it if you do not carry a naked light near the 
liquid. The vapor which is produced from the 
liquid is many times heavier than the air. It will 
penetrate into the ground and will not rise; conse- |f 
quently, there is absolutely no danger from its use. |f 


CLUB ROOT IN CABBAGE 


My cabbages are infested with club root. 
What causes it, and how can the ground be 
remedied ? 


Washington. W. W. 


— Club root is a fungus growth, and attacks both 
cabbages and cauliflower. The roots become laige 
and distorted, and resemble a turnip in shape; 
the plant invariably fails to head, and the leaves 
droop, wilt, and finally die. The disease spreads 
rapidly and whole fields are often ruined. Its 
causes seem to be the continued growing of cabbage, 


cauliflower, or turnips on the same land without | 


rotating with other crops, and failure to supply 
the necessary lime that the soil requires. 
club root makes its appearance, stop immediately |} 
the planting of cabbage and similar crops on the | 

land, and apply lime in the fall at the rate of about | 
seventy-five bushels to the acre. Do this at least 


for two seasons before again attempting to grow 9 


cabbage on the land. 


MAKING GRASS LAND FOR HAY 


What is the best seed mixture and treatment 
to establish permanent grass land for hay in a 
clay loam, the seed to be sown after a late corn crop? 

Pennsylvania. S: E. 


—Sow immediately in the corn a mixture of 20 
pounds of timothy, 8 pounds redtop, 8 pounds red 
clover, and 6 pounds alsike clover, covering it J 
with a very light cultivation. If you wait until © 
the corn crop is off, it will be too late for these to | 
get well rooted before freezing weather, and the — 
chances are that anything put in would kill out 
during the winter. As to the best treatment for | 


permanent meadows, there does not seem to be 


anything that equals top dressing of barnyard 
manure every year or two years. It is surprising | 
how permanent meadows will respond to this | 
treatment even when there have been only seven | 
or eight loads of manure put on to the acre. One 
farmer in Massachusetts gets three tons of hay to } 
the acre the first cutting, and at the second cutting — 

late in the season one and a half tons. uC 4) 


THE DREAD HOLLYHOCK DISEASE 


Last year my collection of hollyhocks made an 
unusually healthy growth, and was full of buds 
about the last of June, when the undersides of the 
leaves became covered with small grayish bunches. 
Soon after these appeared the veins on the upper 
sides of the leaves turned orange, and orange dots 
came through from the bunches underneath. 
What was the trouble, and the remedy? 

Maine. C. M. E. 


—Your hollyhocks have become victims of the | 
dread hollyhock disease. This is a fungus (Puc- 
cinia malvacearum) which twenty or twenty-five 
years ago practically exterminated the hollyhock | 
in English gardens. It is one of the most pestif- | 


erous and troublesome plant diseases that ever |} 


entered our gardens. The particular trouble with | 
this disease is that the fungus does not appear on | 
the leaves until the final stage of its growth. It 
develops in the tissues of the plant, possibly from | 
the very moment the seed starts to grow, and it | 
is in the fruiting stage when the little pustules 

burst and scatter their millions of spores over the 
ground, infecting the hollyhocks under them. 
The only possible remedy is to spray the ground | 
and surrounding plants with Bordeaux mixture 
to prevent the recurrence of the attack. Addi- | 
tional spraying now and in the fall to prevent 
germination may succeed in holding the disease in 
check; and as a further precaution, destroy at once 

by burning all the affected plants. Ll. Bow ft 


When . ; 


THE GARDEN 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


MAGAZINE 


T} you are planning to build the Readers’ 
Service can ojten give helpful suggestions 95 


a 


PLANTING OF PERENNIAL BORDER AND SHRUBBERY AROUND A COTTAGE 


Plant Hardy New England Grown Nursery 
Stock for the Home Grounds 


EVERGREENS IN AUGUST 
PERENNIALS IN SEPTEMBER 
DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS IN OCTOBER 
We have a great variety. Our Evergreens are several times trans- 
planted. Herbaceous Perennials are strong, field-grown plants. “Trees 
and Shrubs are well rooted, strong and thrifty. 


CATALOGUE MAILED FREE 


THE BAY STATE NURSERIES 


North Abington, Mass. 


Country Life 
in America 


is the only magazine 
in the world regularly 
printing actual color 
photographs from 


nature. 


Price 35 cents $4.00 a year 


Write for Circular, Special Club Offer to Garden Magazine Readers 


Doubleday, Page & Company, New York City. hei: : ; : 
Please send me special club offer, Country Life in America, mentioned in The Garden 


Magazine for September. 


A re eS 


Town State. 


Byzantine Wonder Lily 


This is not a Fairy Tale 
but a FACT 


The above picture represents the plant in bloom taken from a photo. 
This bulb blooms without either SOIL or water. Such exquisite, rosy 
tinted blossoms, shading to a pearly white in the calyx ornamented 
with silvery stamens. Nothing excels the plant in bloom as room or 
table decoration. As an unique and dainty living bouquet it has NO 
equal. The perfume exhaled by it is delicate and refreshing. Bulbs 
are simply placed in a bowl or dish. As soon as any flower withers 
cut it off close to the bulb when a new one comes forth, each strong 
bulb bearing from 9 to 12 flowers. When through flowering the bulbs 
can be potted or planted out, when they develop a beautiful dark, 
broad, undulated foliage. 


NOTE. 


Price each - .15 
3for - - .40 
6for - - .75 

12 for - -$1.25 


Lil. Candidums 
Madonna Lily 


AUGUST and SEPTEMBER 
are the MONTHS to plant Lil. 
Candidums for BEST success. 


We place this offer before our friends NOW as the stock 
is limited and orders should reach us timely: 


Large fine bulbs, 5-6 flowers 
to stem 

Each 12 100 
10c $1.00 $7.00 


Mammoth bulbs, very large, 
10-12 flowers to stem 
Each 12 100 
20c $2.00 $15.00 


Freesia Snowwhite 


Pure white, FRAGRANT. Plant NOW to flower by Xmas. 6 Y Hi. 7. 
bulbs 15 cts.—dozen 25 cts.—100 $1.25. Prices on se Berger 
tine, Lil. Candidum and Freesias INCLUDE FREE de- & Co. 
livery by mail or express, 

70 Warren St. 


DUTCH Bulbs READY SEPTEMBER Meco 


NOTE—AIl our prices are DUTY paid. DIRECT 

imports from Holland or any other European Enclosed find 
Country are subject to a duty of 25% on a,- vA 

rival and Custom House examination. Send 

for our new illustrated and interesting 

Catalogue for Fall 1909. 


H. H. Berger & Co. 


70 Warren Street, New York City WE WONG ERI Se ERE nm 


Name... Pigs eee coin eatin. ae iea 


The Readers’ Service will give you 


suggestions for the care of livestock - T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 


The Coming Universal Use of 


DE LAVAL 


CREAM 
SEPARATORS 


The same economical considerations which have already brought about the practically 
universal use of creamery and factory sizes of DE LAVAL Cream Separators are absolutely 
certain to accomplish the same result in the use of farm and dairy sizes of such machines 
within the next five years. This is no mere advertising claim but the simple statement of a 
conclusion based on the logic of facts as positive as to outcome as the solution of a 
mathematical problem. 


The same considerations of greater capacity; closer separation, particularly under 
hard conditions; better quality of cream and butter; more economical operation, and 
greater durability are bound to ultimately accomplish the same result in the use of small 
as of large sizes of cream separators. 


But naturally it requires longer and is vastly more of an undertaking to educate 
the 2,500,000 present and prospective American users of farm sizes of separators as to 
the importance of separator differences than the 12,000 users of creamery separators. 
Naturally it is more difficult to make a user appreciate a difference of $50.-a year in 
results than a difference of $1,500.—, even though the difference of $50.— may relatively 
mean more to the user than the difference of $1, 500.-. 


Again, the users of factory or creamery sizes of separators have so much better 


sources of information. The use of the separator is a business with them. The results 
are known from day to day and year to year, and what one user accomplishes is readily 
comparable with the results of another. On the other hand, the great majority of users 
of farm and dairy sizes of separators know little of separators and cannot easily deter- 
mine whether their results are as good as they should be or might be better under other 
circumstances. But the problem is bound to finally work out in the same way. 


The DE LAVAL factory separator was invented 31 years ago and commenced to come 
into creamery use 28 years ago. Within a few years the original patents began to expire. 15 
years ago there were a dozen makes of power cream separators on the market. To-day the 
use of DE LAVAL factory machines exceeds 98% and is almost literally universal. It has 
been so for five years. No effort is longer made to sell any other make of power separator. 


The DE LAVAL hand separator was invented 23 years ago and commenced to 
come into farm use about 20 years ago. As the earlier patents expired there were more 
than 30 makes of such machines on the market five years ago. To-day there are less 
than a dozen and not more than five which have a sale worth counting at all. Each 
year the number decreases and their sales become fewer and more difficult. 


What is true in America in this way is true in even greater degree elsewhere throughout 
the world. In many countries the sale of DE LAVAL machines is now almost universal. 
Dollars-and-cents differences in product mean more there than to American farmers. The 
sale of cheap “‘mail order” separators has not been attempted elsewhere, and would-be 
competing manufacturers and dealers have never been so unscrupulous in making the 
unjustified “claims” that so many American buyers have accepted as facts. 

It makes an AVERAGE DIFFERENCE OF FIFTY DOLLARS A YEAR whether 
the farm user of a separator uses the DE LAVAL or some other kind. It will make that 
difference this year and go on making it until a DE LAVAL is used. A DE LAVAL 
catalogue helps to explain this and is to be had for the asking, as well as an Improved 
DE LAVAL machine for practical demonstration of it to any intending separator buyer. 


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 


42 E. Madison Street ; e 173-177 William Street 
Cntexdo General Offices: ee eects 


14 @ 16 Pri Street 
165 Broadway IMA Gnoe 
NEW YORK 107 First Street 


PORTLAND, OREG. 


1213 @ 1215 Filbert St. 
PHILADELPHIA 


Drumm @ Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 


SEPTEMBER, 1909 


LEAF-BURN 


The leaves of my day-lily burn around the edges. 
How can I prevent it? 

Canada. M.A. S. 
—The trouble is that the root conditions are not 
healthy. Possibly the soil is too wet, or, again, it 
might be just the reverse; either of these conditions 
will give about the same result. Sour soil might 
also cause burning of the leaves. 


MITES IN GLADIOLUS BULBS 


Every year my gladiolus bulbs, which are stored 
for the winter, are attacked by lice, and I have 
also found them on bulbs bought from dealers. 
What can be done to destroy them ? 

Michigan. W. C. H. 
—A corrosive sublimate solution of one ounce to 
eight gallons of water will destroy this insect, 
which is the mite. Another solution which could 
be used effectively is made of one ounce of formal- 
dehyde to twenty-eight gallons of water. Mites 
usually attack bulbs which are under-ripe and also 
when they are kept in a dark place. 


THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG 


My dahlia buds, when small, turn black and die. 
The tarnished plant bug, which is present in quite 
large numbers, seems to be doing the mischief. 
Can you suggest any remedy except hand picking ? 

Connecticut. CIC FA 
—The tarnished plant bug, otherwise known as 
the rose beetle, is not responsible for the blacken- 
ing of the dahlia buds. Of course, it will disfigure 
anything it touches, but my own belief about this 
trouble with dahlias is that when the plants, owing 
to early starting, try to develop flowers at this 
time of the year, they find themselves constitution- 
ally unable to do so; and in consequence of the 
strain upon their vitality, in order to save them- 
selves they simply fail to perfect these early flowers. 
I am convinced that generally it is a mistake to 
plant dahlias so early that they are forced to 
produce flowers at this time of the year. The 
normal season of blooming is September and Octo- 
ber; therefore, do not set out your roots until the 
first week of July. When a plant is so forced 
that it begins to develop flowers before its consti- 
tution is built up sufficiently to carry them, some- 
thing is bound to happen; either the plant will 
die, or these too early buds will “‘blast.””’ Endeavor 
to force strength into your plants now by pinching 
back and thinning out the present growths. Try 
to get an open, well-balanced plant, with not too 
many stems, and do not permit the flowers to 
develop before the beginning of September. 

IU, 13 


HARDY PLANTS FOR SOUTH DAKOTA 


In this part of the country (Milbank, South 
Dakota) the winters are usually very cold with 
considerable snow, and the summers are always 
hot and range from dry to very wet. Would 
Lonicera Morrowt, Viburnum Lantana and cassi- 
noides, Eleagnus umbellata and Rhodotypus ker- 
rioides withstand our climate? 

South Dakota. Gace 
—Professor L. C. Corbett, horticulturist in the 
Department of Agriculture and formerly of Brook- 
ings, South Dakota, states: “I doubt if Lonicera 
Morrowi will be hardy in the neighborhood of 
Milbank. It isa Japanese plant and there is nothing 
in any of the literature available to me to indicate 
that it is suitable for that rigorous climate. Vz- 
burnum Lantana, while found in Europe and 
Western Asia, is spoken of as ‘hardy and specially 
desirable for dry situations and limestone soil.’ 
Both plants may be worthy of trial at Milbank, 
but they are not included in Hansen’s list of plants 
which have been tested at the South Dakota 
Experiment Station. Viburnum cassinoides is 
reported to have killed to the ground each year at 
Brookings, but made an annual growth of about 
two feet. Under such conditions the plant would 
not bloom satisfactorily. Eleagnus wmbellata is 
from Japan and is also not included in the list of 
shrubs tested at the South Dakota Station. Several 
of the family are hardy in South Dakota, but I 
fear this will not prove so. Rhodotypus kerrioides 
is mentioned as ‘hardy in Massachusetts.’ There 
is no information available to indicate its behavior 
in Dakota.” 


Grow Peonies From 


n Prize - Winning 


the last 


ion Stock—lIt’s 
American 
Just as 


Peony Society, 

our display of 
Peonies—fifty 
blooms each, white and 
pink —were awarded 


TWO FIRST PRIZES. 
The list opposite repre- 
sents stock that will bear just 
the same kind of blooms, in 
great profusion, next spring — if 
planted early this fall. 
Our stock includes one, two and 
three-year sizes. Prices quoted are for 
plants grown one year from strong divis- 
ions. All will bloom next season. 
The two and three-year sizes are proportion- 
ately larger, and will produce results accordingly. 
Look over the list and send in your order NOW. 
We will see that you get the best possible selection 
and guarantee you’ll be pleased. 
Our stock embraces one hundred superb varieties, although 
we have room here for only a few. 
Our illustrated Catalogue describes and prices our complete 
line of Peonies and other choice stock. 


S. G. HARRIS, M. S. 


Tarrytown, N. Y. 


Easy ! 


Rosedale Nurseries 


Bobbink & Atkins 


W orld’s Choicest Nursery Products 
For Early Autumn Planting 


EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS—havebecomeagardennecessity. Every 
lawn, even of highly developed beauty can be made more beautiful by 
their proper use. We have many acres planted with beautiful Ever- 
greens of all the hardiest and choicest kinds. Our Evergreens 
are well cultivated and can be dug with a ball of roots and earth. 

POT GROWN STRAWBERRIES—ready for immediate planting; a 
large quantity of all the finest and most profitable varieties. A special 
list will be mailed on request. Order atonce and avoid disappointment. 

HARDY TRAILING VINES AND CLIMBERS IN POTS—for every 
place and purpose; can be planted at any time. Price list mailed on 
application. 

HARDY OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS—in every variety for Old 
Fashioned Flower Gardens and borders. 

PAEONIAS — have gained and are holding popular favor. Blooming 
in early spring, the roots should be planted in early Autumn. 

BULBS—We import many tons of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus and 
other kinds from Holland; also quantities of Japanese, French and 
English Bulbs. If interested, ask for our Autumn Bulb Catalog. 

BOXWOOD—Never in the history of the Nursery business has such a 
magnificent collection of Boxwood been offered to lovers of beautiful 
plants. We have thousands in every shape and size. 

LAWN GRASS SEED—Our Rutherford Park Mixture still remains 
unequalled. 

OUR NURSERY PRODUCTS will give permanent satisfaction to pur- 
chasers, because they possess the standard of quality created by the 
highest grade of cultivation. 

Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 25 will tell you about the above 
and all other products for Lawns and Gardens. Write for it. 


A VISIT TO OUR NURSERY will prove of interest. 
Rutherford, N. J. 


Nurserymen and Florists 


Fifty Extra-Choice 
Kinds— Order 5. 6. 


Harris, 


From This CT 


For enclosed 
$ , send me 
Peonies checked in 

the following list : 


Each Doz. 
Alba Sulphurea, . $ .40 $4.00 
sulphur white 
Ambroise Verschaffelt, . . .25 
crimson 
Artemise, rose. . . . . | «i 
Auguste Lemonnier, velvety red .35 
Carnea Elegans, fleshy yellow 
Charles Binder, violet red 
Charles Verdier, lilac rose . . . .. 
Couronne @Or, white and yellow . . 1. 
Daniel d*Albert deep rose 
Delicatissima, light pink 
Delachii, dark crimson. . . ... . 
Duchess de Nemours, sulphur white 
Duke of Wellington, sulphur white 
Felix Crouse, bright red 
Festiva Maxima, paper white . . . . 
Golden Harvest, creamy pink 
Grandiflora earnea plena, blush . . . 


tock is Always Good, eS “i Rear ino'sDorchese, i 
Harris’ Prices Always Fair! 
“The Quality of an Article 


is Remembered Long 
After the Price is 
Forgotten”’ 


Carmine rose 
Jussieu, black purple .50 
Livingstone, palepink 1.00 dark purplish crimson 
Mme. Crousse, white . . «70 A) Solfaterre, 
Mme. Geissler, silver rose . . sulphur yellow 
Mme. Dueel, silver pink . . .75 Triomphe de L*Exp. De 
Mme. Lebon, bright cherry Lille, light rose . . .75 
Mme. VietorVerdder, crimson rose .50 Triomphe du Nord, 
Marie White, washed chamois . 1.00 } violet rose 
Marie Lemoine, flesh white . . . 1.00 Ville de Naney, . . . «75 
Meissonier, purple amaranth . . . .70 Bs) deep crimson 
Mlle. Leonie Calot, flesh color . . . .75 .o VANCE 5 5 4 5 6 
Mo.este Gueyin, deep rose 5 deep purple violet 
Mons. Boucharlat Aine, rosy lilac Viscomtesse Belleval, 
Prince de Tallindyke. dark purple 5) 5. creamy white 
Prince Imperial, purplish scarlet Officinalis Rosea Superba .25 
Purpurea Superba, purplish crimson 5 a. satiny rose 


Rubra Lriumyhans, . .85 


a Oe 


a adonna Lilies| 


= Lilium Candidum == 
“J While most of the Spring | 


flowering bulbs may be 
planted any time up to 
the closing of the ground 
f by frost there are some 
~ sorts which to do well 


x 


» should be planted now 


Included is the beauti- 
ful and much admired 
MadonnaLily. The bulbs 
<~ should be planted with but 
’ 2 inches of soil over them. 


< They send up their leaves 


YY Tavee bulbs . . $0.12 $1.00 $6.00 
Extralarge bulbs 0 ae 
Mammoth bulbs . 0.2 


- Other bulbs which should be planted early 
are Calla Lilies, Frecsias, French Roman Hyacinths, Paper 
White Narcissus and Bermuda Easter Lilies. These are all 
described and offered in our 

Autumn Catalogue 


Ready September Ist. 


HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 


Ey PERRET *1 nS ISP AE eS 


Copy free for the asking. F 


PORTLAND CEMENT 


CONCRETE 


Saves Money! 


ON COUNTRY HOUSES 
GREEN HOUSES 
GARAGES 


STABLES 
and even smaller 
THERE’S A OUT- 
TREMENDOUS BUILDINGS. 
DIFFERENCE 


IN CONCRETE. 


{eg Character 
and stability de- 
pend almost en- 
tirely upon the 
quality on tlic 
Cement wsed: 


Dragon 


PORTLAND CEMENT 


It is practi- 
cally inde- 
structible 
and gives a 
greater dura- 
bility at less 
cost, than 
any other ma- 
terial you could 

use. 


in 20 years of use has won 
the confidence and unqualified 
endorsement of engineers and building 
experts in more than 1,800 cities and 
towns in the United States. 


We have been making the highest quality of cement for 
more than three-quarters of a CENTURY. 


If you are planning any sort of a building, from 
a green house to a mansion, write for our latest 
book about concrete. It contains many valuable, 
money-saving suggestions. % Tell us what you 
wish to do and the advice of our expert consult- 
ing engineer is at your service without charge. 


ae The 


“Yo Lawrence Cement 
GS ir . fp Co. 
| ull za \ 2) Ernest R. Ackerman, Pres’t 


New York Philadelphia 
C. H. Cement & M. Co., Cumberland, Md 


ZORILA 


a VO: 


\. SIEGFRIED, PA. 
CEES, 


THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


eos all Planting Number — oe Number 
1909 
| Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, Flowers for Present Planting. DC, 


Vol. X. No. 3 
$1.00 a Year 


oe 6 RA EY roche fhe 


Sm betas mB 


COUNTRY LIFE ne DOUBLEDAY, PAGE CO. ay eae WORLD'S 


IN AMERICA 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK WORK 


A Living From Poultr 


$1,500.00 From 60 Hens in Ten Months 


On a City Lot 40 Feet Square 


O the average poultryman that would 

seem impossible and when we tell you 

that we have actually done a $1,500 
poultry business with 60 hens on a corner in 
the city garden 40 feet wide by 40 feet long 
we are simply stating facts. It would not be 
possible to get such returns by any one of 
the systems of poultry keeping recommended 
and practiced by the American people, still it is 
an easy matter when the new 


Philo System fopea 


The Philo System is Unlike All Other 
Ways of Keeping Poultry 


and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry 
work that have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of 
results that are hard to believe without seeing. 


The New System Covers All Branches of the 
Work Necessary for Success 


from selecting the breeders to marketing the product. It tells how to get 
eggs that will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg and how to raise nearly 
all the chicks hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to make 
everything necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost 
required to handle the poultry 
business in any other manner. 


Two Pound Broilers 
in Eight Weeks 


are raised in a space of lessthana 
square foot to the broiler without 
any loss, and the broilers are of 
the very best quality, bringing 
here three cents per pound above 
the highest market price. 


one of your 


Mr. E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Bellefontaine, Ohio, June 7, 1909. 
Dear Sir:—I just want to tell you of the success I have had with 
the Philo System. In January, 1909, I purchased one of your Philo 
System books and I commenced to hatch chickens. On the third day 
of February, tgcg, I succeeded in hatching ten chicks. I put them in 
fireless brooders and we had zero weather. We succeeded 


Our Six=-Months=Old Pullets are Laying at 
the Rate of 24 Eggs Each per Month 


in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone of any description 
is fed, and the food used is inexpensive as compared with food others are using. 

Our new book, the PHILO SysTEM oF PouLTRY KEEPING, gives full 
particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to- 
understand directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages of illustrations 


- showing all branches of the work from start to finish. 


Don’t Let the Chickens Die in the Shell 


One of our secrets of success is to save all the chickens that are fully 
developed at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell or not. Itisa 
simple trick and believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and 
Chinese which enabled them to sell the chicks at 10 cents a dozen. 


Chicken Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel 


Our book tells how to make the best green food with but little trouble and have a 
good supply, any day in the year, winter or summer. It is just as impossible to get 
a large egg yield without green food as it is to keep a cow without hay or fodder. 


Our New Brooder Saves 2 Centson Each Chicken 


No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-heating or burning up 
the chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. They also 
keep all the lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them 
when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to take 
and use them. One can easily be made in an hour at a cost of 25 To 50 CENTS. 


TESTIMONIALS 


Mr. E.R. Philo, Elmira, N.Y. South Britain, Conn., Apr. 14, 1909. 

Dear Sir:—I have followed your system as close as I could; the 
result isa complete success. If there can be any improvement on 
mature, your brooder is it. The first experience I had with your 
System was last December. I hatched 17 chicks under two hens, 
put them as soon as hatched in one of your brooders out-of-doors and 


Three Pound Roaster Ten Weeks Old 


in bringing through nine—one got killed by accident. On J mez, one 
of the pullets laid her first egg and the most remarkable thing is she 
has laid every day since up to the present time. 

Yours truly, R.S. LaRue. 


_, 205 S. Clinton St., Baltimore, M. D., May 28, 1909. 

Mr. E.R. Philo, Publisher, Elmira, N.Y. _ 
ear Sir:—I have embarked in the poultry business on a small 
scale (Philo System) and am having the best of success so far, sixty- 
eight per cent. of eggs hatched by hens, all chicks alive and hea)thy 
at this writing; they are now three weeks old. Mr. Philo isa public 
benefactor and I don’t believe his system can be improved upon, and 
so | am now looking for more yard room, having but 50x30 where I 
am now. Yours truly, C. H. Leach. 


at the age of three months I sold them at 35c a pound. They then 

averaged 214 lbs. each, and the man I sold them to said they were 

the finest he ever saw, and he wants all I can spare this season. 
Yours truly, A. E. Nelson, 


Mr. E.R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Osakis, Minn., June 7, 1909. 

Dear Sir:—You certainly have the greatest system the world has 
ever known. I have had experience with poultry, but I know you have 
the system that brings the real profits. Yours, Jesse Underwood, 


Mr. E R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Brockport, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1908. 
Dear Sir:—I have had perfect success brooding chickens your way. 

I think your method will raise stronger, healthier chicks than the 
old way of using lamps and besides it saves so much work and risk. 
Yours respectfully, M. S. Gooding. 


Send $1.00 direct to the publisher and a copy of the latest 
revised edition of the book will be sent you by return mail 


E. R. PHILO, Publisher, 221 Third Street, ELMIRA,N. Y. 


OcTosBeErR, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The Readers’ Service will give 
information about automobiles 


103 


Coming: 
Mr. Kipling’s first collection of tales since 
the Nobel prize was awarded to him: 


Actions and 
Reactions 


By RUDYARD KIPLING 


Also the first collection since the publication 
of “Traffics and Discoveries” in 1904. 


Contents: 


“An Habitation Enforced,” the most widely discussed 
short story since the publication of the author’s “They”; 
“Little Foxes—a Tale of the Gihon Hunt”; “The 
Mother Hive”; “A Deal in Cotton”; ‘‘ With the Night 
Mail,” a story of the year 2000 A. D.; and other 
stories. 

Ready October 6th 

Illustrated. $1.50 


COUNTRY LIFE THEWorRID's WoRK THE GARDEN 
1 AMERICA MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. 


e e 
K'S cries GUE 
IC S and Floral 
for Autumn. Instructive articles on growing 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus and other Bulbs, House 


Plants and Small Fruits. A copy will be mailed 
FREE to anyone who asks at once. 


James Vick’s Sons 
362 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y. 


Fruit and Orna- 

inental, Shrubs, 
FESe:: Bulbs & 
Trade Mark—Red Tag Pp L A NT S 


Send for descriptive Priced Catalog FREE. 
600 acres. 13 Greenhouses. Established 1852. 


PHOENIX NURSERY CO. ticominsion, m 


HARDY ROSES FOR 
THE GARDEN 


. in all the best and most popular varieties, 
including the best hybrid teas and hybrid 
perpetuals ; also rugosa roses, both single 
and double. 


And Walsh’s new race of rambler roses. 
All in strong, vigorous two-year old plants, 
field grown. First quality stock. 

My catalogue, containing descriptions 
and prices, mailed free. 


_M. H. Walsh, Rose Specialist 


Woods Hole, Mass. 


Choice Evergreens SPECIMEN TREES 


To Readers of The Garden Magazine 


HIS winter the subscription price of The Garden Magazine 

— Farming will be increased to $1.50, and the Mag- 
zine will be enlarged and improved, of which particulars will 
be given in due time. 


To Present Subscribers—Three Years for $2.00 


@ We are willing to keep our present friends and readers on 
the list on a basis even more favorable than before, and we offer 
to send the magazine to you for three years for $2.00, if you 
send your subscription now. 


The Reason for Long Term Subscriptions 

@ Every year about this time, we are obliged to send out hun- 
dreds of thousands of renewal notices; the returns from these 
notices straggle in for many months. We are not only put to 
the cost of preparing, addressing, printing and mailing all these 
letters, but the subscriber’s name must be removed from our 
lists, reinstated when the renewal is received, back numbers 
sent when we have them—often the absence of any stock of the 
subscription involves a long correspondence—and, last of all, 
we suffer the great disadvantage of pressing a year’s work into 
a few hectic months. 


Profitable Co-operation 
@ This year we are going into a campaign with all our magazines 
for long term subscriptions, turning over to our readers the money 
it costs us to go through this long and tedious renewal campaign. 
@ For a remittance of $2.00, now, you may secure what would 
cost you (if you continued to be a reader of THE GARDEN MAG- 
AZINE, which we very greatly hope you will) $4.00—a dividend 
of 50 per cent. on your investment. $2.00 sent now will bring 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to you for three full years, thirty-six 
issues, of which six will be double (25 cent) numbers. 
@ Please consider this matter, and let us hear if you approve. 
Yours very truly, 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 
133 East 16th St., New York. 


Long-term Subscriptions on our other Magazines: 
The World’s Work Country Life in America 


and Home Builders’ Supplement 


1 Year = = $3.00 1 Year : z $4.00 
2 Years - - 5.00 2 Years - - 6.00 
3 Years - - 6.00 3 Years - = 8.00 


P. S—When a three years’ subscription is taken, one of these years can be sent to 
a friend. A two years’ subscription, it is expected, will go to only one address. 


Buy From A Specialist 
Once in 2 Weeks 


Ornamental Planting 
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS 


Write for large illustrated catalog. 


D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist 
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS 


at | LOOK OUT 
1FOR SPARKS 


| No more danger or damage from flying 
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- 
place screens. Send for free booklet 
‘* Sparks from the Fire-side.’’ It tells about 
the best kind of a spark guard for your in- 
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free 
booklet and make your plans early. 


The Syracuse Wire Works 


108 University Avenue, - Syracuse, N. Y. 


proof and leak-proof 
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box 


Our box is for indocr or outdoor use. 
pensive and sold on 30 days FREE Trial. 
Descriptive Booklet FREE 


AZ 


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time-saving, labor-saving, all metal, rust- 


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It is inex- 


ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 


Water Your Flowers 


For information about popular resorts 
104 write to the Readers’ Service 


“Hammond’s Paints” 


For 30 years we have been 
making House Paints. We 
have no ‘‘Fairy Tales’’ to tell, 
but if you wish durable Paint 
and good-looking Paint for 
inside and outside use get 
Hammond’s — Write to the 
factory. 


Hammond’s Paint and Slug Shot Works 
Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. 


\ X 7 RITE to-day for our list of 
all the choicest Hardy 


»@ Plants, Bulbs, Shrubs and Trees 
# for fall planting. 


S If you want your surroundings 
y attractive next year do your plant- 
ing this fall. 


There is nothing more delightful 

and pleasing to cultured taste than 

artistic and properly planted grounds. We advise 

our customers how to plant to obtain the best 
effects. Write us to-day. 


Wagner Park Conservatories 
Box 441 SIDNEY, OHIO 
Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners 


MAKE MONEY 
GROWING VIOLETS 


oN The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can 
i) make money all the year growing them outdoors in 
5 cheap cold frames and gardens, or in the house in 
pots and boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily grown 
and quickly sold at handsome profit. A fascinating 
occupation or paying business for both men and 
women. Write to-day for our FREE BOOKLET, 
‘‘Money Making with Violets.”’ It will interest and 


Little to surprise you. 
- Dept. 7, Elite Conservatories, Hyde Park, Mass. 


Beautify Your Place 
This Book Shows How 


Suggests what, where, when and how to plant to get 
most pleasing effects; gives practical advice and 
suggestions of successful landscape archi- 
tects, the result of twenty years close study 
and experience; outlines general princi- 
ples of landscape work also goes into 
details. Handy, compact, valuable. 
» Sent Anywhere Postpaid Free 
f If you expect to make any BC LOye Mens on 
your place, write for this book. . If desired we 
will also send the 1909 catalog of finest grown 
trees, shrubs, vines, perennials. 


y SWAIN NELSON & SONS COMPANY 
958 Marquette Building Chicago 


PLANT NOW PEONIES-RIs 


A complete line of all Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Vines and 
Roses. Everything for the Hardy Garden. 


Send Today for Special Price List 


The first 100 ge aad Ay fos our 3 fine Beanies 
1 Red, 1 White and | Pink will receive 
SPECIAL free 6 assorted Hardy Border plants. 
The plants alone are worth $1.00. Send 


for this collection today. 


AURORA NURSERIES 


Aurora, Illinois 


preemies Bs | 


FERTILIZERS 


Seaweed as a Fertilizer 


N MANY of the coast states seaweed is quite 
generally used as a fertilizer, and where it can be 
obtained in quantity for the mere expense of cart- 
ing, it is certainly worth considering. When fresh 
it contains from 70 to 80 per cent. water, and in 
this condition is used only near the shore. It is 
frequently spread out in thin layers and dried, 
when it can be profitably transported for con- 
siderable distances. 

The different species of seaweed, though much 
alike in their chemical composition, are not all of 
the same fertilizing value. Lelgrass is useful as a 
mulch, but is probably the least valuable as a 
manure on account of the slowness with which it 
decomposes, although when composted its fer- 
tilizing value is greatly increased. Kelp and 
rockweed rapidly decompose and readily yield their 
fertilizing properties to the soil; therefore, the 
most economical way is to apply them as a top 
dressing or to plow them in without previous fer- 
mentation while they are still in a fresh condition. 

While certain seaweeds show a high degree of 
nitrogen, others are rich in potash, and they fur- 
nish more of these constituents than of phosphoric 
acid. All seaweeds contain considerable salt, but 
if they are not used in too large quantities, no 
serious injury is liable to follow. Indeed, salt 
in some instances has considerable manurial value. 

On account of its bulk and watery condition, 
and in order to supply sufficient amounts of nitro- 
gen, phosphoric acid, and potash for the needs of 
the crops, seaweed has to be applied in very large 
amounts — from twenty to thirty tons to the acre. 
It gives its best results on warm, sandy soils. 

While, like barnyard manure, it is a general fer- 
tilizer, it is not so well balanced, and its continued 
use without the addition of other fertilizers is likely 
to result in a one-sided exhaustion of the soil. In 
order to prevent a deficiency of phosphoric acid (as 
compared with the other fertilizing constituents) 
and an undue draft on this element in the soil, it 
is necessary to apply seaweed in very large amounts, 
with nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash far 
in excess of the needs of the crop and subjecting 
them to danger of loss. For the best results sea- 
weed should undoubtedly be used in connection 
with bone or other phosphate. Where both stable 
manure and seaweed are available, use the for- 
mer on grass and the latter on plowed land. 

Massachusetts. AC We 


A Productive Vegetable Garden 


GARDEN 50x100 ft. will usually supply 
an average family with vegetables from June 
to hard freezing, and give nutritious roots for use 
during the winter months. Cover the garden with 
stable manure once in two years and at the same 
time use freely a well-balanced commercial fertilizer. 
If the soil is a loose, friable one, however, and well 
supplied with rotted vegetable matter, the stable 
manure may be dispensed with oftener than once 
in three years and the commercial fertilizer used 
as the entire source of plant food. This fer- 
tilizer should not analyze less than 5 per cent. 
nitrogen, 8 per cent. phosphoric acid, and ro per 
cent. potash, and instead of applying it in the drill 
with the seeds, must be well worked into the soil 
in the spring. For a plot this size, three hundred 
pounds may be used with safety. 

A second application is advisable for late cabbage, 
endive, and parsnips and must be given to the plants 
during September. Sprinkle between the rows 
and work into the soil. 

New York. D. C. ONnty. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcToOBER, 1909 


Poultry, Kennel and !»for 


mation 


Live Stock Directory about 


the selection or care of dogs, poultry and 


live stock will be gladly given. Address 
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue 
GARDEN MaGaAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, 
New York. 


will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints, Bruises, 
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Pain. Does not blister under bandage or re- . 
move the hair, and you can work the horse. 
A safe and pleasant remedy for any painful 
affections, Swellings, Bruises, Strains, Swollen 
E or Enlarged Veins; pleasant to use; $2.00 per 
——fj=-—-./ bottle, at dealers or delivered. Book %-D free. 
Ww. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 


Large Berkshire Swine 
Both imported and American breed- 
ing along the most approved lines. 
Bred sows, service boars and young 
stock of all ages. We have never 
bred a cross animal nor hada sow # 
molest her pigs. All animals regis- § 
tered free of charge. Your money § 
back if you want it, 

Write for booklet 


H.C. cael B. HARPENDING 


DUNDEE, N 
Mated pair 9 BOOK FR EE 
kissing.— y 
Eggs to Write for our handsome 1909 FREE BOOK, 
suureae \ how to make money breeding squabs. 


Cloth bound book now $08 pages, 114 
illustrations. IT’S GREAT. We take subscriptions for the new splendid 
National Sguab Magazine (monthly). Specimen copy 10 ernts. 

PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. 


~reen Bone 


Makes Eggs 


—Lots of them, because it is rich in protein 
and all other egg elements. You get twice 
the eggs, more fertile, vigorous chicks, earlier 
broilers heavier fowls, bigger profits. 


Mann’s Latest Model Bone Cutter 


cuts all kinds of bone, with adhering meat and gristle, easy, fast 
and fine. Automatic, feed, open hopper, never clogs. _Cata- 
logue free. 10 Days’ Free Trial. No money in advance. 


F. W. MANN CO. Box 325 Milford, Mass. 


Ask your dealer for 


ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


The Corrugated Hose made in Wilmington, 
Delaware. Identify by the red label on every length. 


Chickering Pianos 


SEND FOR CATALOGUE 
Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


THE BOOKS OF 


Ellen Glasgow 


The Ancient Law The Battle Ground 


The Wheel of Life 
The Voice of the People The Deliverance 
The Freeman, and other Poems 


Published by 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., N. Y. 


OcroBeER, 1909 


| 


A NEW BOOK BY RUDYARD KIPLING 


On the Fifth of October, we shall publish 
a new book of short stories by Mr. Kipling, 
entitled “Actions and Reactions.” Ask your 
bookseller to reserve a copy. 


HOME BUILDERS 


If you are building a country home, or are 
planning to build one, or even hope to do so, 
you. will find pleasure in reading the House- 
building Annual of Country Life in America. 
which will be the double number for October. 


This number has been in many ways the 
most successful of the year, and we are tempted 
to say the most useful. 

Here is a partial table of its contents: 


Three Old Dutch Roads and the Houses Along 
Them. 

The Adventures of a Suburbanite. 

The Vicissitudes of a Colonial Farmhouse. 

A House Built About Its Trees. 

Oak Ridge, the Country Seat of Thomas F. Ryan. 

Some Successful Houses of Wood, Brick, Stone, and 
Stucco. 

The House in the Trees. 

The Reclamation of the Old Colonial Farmhouse. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


“To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight.”’—A nztony and Cleopatra 


Originality in the Decoration of Walls. 

Some Old Colonial Hardware. 

Inexpensive Woodwork for Modern Interiors. 
The New Hollow Tile Construction. 

A Fireproof House for $4,500. 

The Story of a Chimney. 

Seen From a Country Window. 

The Automobile at Home- 

Gardens and Grounds. 

The Concrete Bridge on the Country Estate. 
The New Sport of Flying. 

Besides the Regular Departments of the Magazine. 


The price of this issue is fifty cents, and it 
is one of the three double numbers one receives 
without extra charge with a year’s subscrip- 
tion for $4.00. 


SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER BOOKS 


We are entering now on the height of the 
fall publishing season. In other parts of this 
magazine appear announcements and _par- 
ticulars of the ‘largest list we have ever put 
forth. We give here the bare titles of the books 
published in September and October: 


“Actions and Reactions,” Rudyard Kipling. 

“Arsene Lupin,’’ novelized by Edgar Jepson from the 
drama by Maurice Leblanc. 

“The Garden Week by Week,” Walter P. Wright. 

“A Reaping,” E. F. Benson. 

*‘Wendell Phillips,” Lorenzo Sears. 

“avid,” Cale Young Rice. 

“Men, the Workers,” Henry Demarest Lloyd. 

“The Leopard and the Lily,” Marjorie Bowen. 

“The Southerner,’’ Nicholas Worth. 

“Anatole France,” George Brandes. 

“The Golden Season,” Myra Kelly. 

““As Old as the Moon,” Florence J. Stoddard. 

“Warrior the Untamed,’’ Will Irwin. 

“A Court of Inquiry,” Grace S. Richmond. 

“Yucatan, the American Egypt,’ by Arnold and 
IPOS 

“Daphne in Fitzroy Street,’”’ E. Nesbit. 

“Piano Questions,’”’ Answered by Josef Hofmann. 

“Tales of Wonder”’ (Crimson Classics Series). 

“The Awakening of Zojas,’”’ Miriam Michelson. 

“Just for Two,” Mary Stewart Cutting. 

“Upbuilders,” Lincoln Steffens. 

“Putting on the Screws,’”’ Gouverneur Morris. 

“The Poetry of Nature,’’ Henry Van Dyke. Illus. 

“Great Masters,’’ New Edition, John La Farge. 

“Melba Biography,’ Agnes C. Murphy. 

“Marie Antoinette,’’ Helaire Belloc. 

“The Big Strike at Siwash,”’ George Fitch. 

“The Story of the Negro,’ Booker T. Washington. 

“Sherwood Forest,’”’ Joseph Rodgers. 

“Grimm’s Fairy Tales,” illustrated in color by 
Arthur Rackham. 

“The Lady of Big Shanty,”’ F. Berkeley Smith. 

“Tittle Maude and Her Mamma,” Charles Battell 
Loomis. 


“Trees Every Child Should Know,” Julia E. Rogers. 
“The Master,” Irving Bacheller. 

“The Lords of High Decision,’”’ Meredith Nicholson. 
“The Book of Famous Sieges,”’ Tudor Jenks. 

“ Auxiliary Education,’ Dr. B. Maennel. 


HOW TO SEE THESE BOOKS 


Since the firm of Doubleday, Page & Com- 
pany was started in rgoo, it has kept to the plan 
of sending books on approval. If we could 
induce people to look at our publications in 
the bookstores, or have them sent on approval, 
we are convinced that we could increase our 
business many fold. Apropos —in looking 
over the announcements in this magazine, 
will you not write on a postal the titles of such 
of our books as you would like to look at in 
your own home, at leisure? As the Kodak 
people say: ‘‘We will do the rest,” and at our 
own expense. 


A NATURE NOVEL 


Nearly 100,000 people bought copies of Mrs. 
Gene Stratton-Porter’s novel, ‘‘Freckles,” and 
probably a half million people read it. If they 
enjoyed that book, and its steady sale proves 
that they did, they will enjoy, we think, even 
more, Mrs. Porter’s new book, ‘‘A Girl of 
the Limberlost,” the story of a girl who worked 
her way along under trying circumstances to a 
success. It is the plain and absorbing story 
of so characteristic an American type that we 
think it will sell all of 100,000. In this con- 
nection, we may say that we have purchased 
from the Outing Company the author’s 
novel, “At the Foot of the Rainbow,” 
which belongs in the same out-of-door field of 
fiction. 


THE GARDEN LIBRARY 


The only Garden Library published in this 
country in a compact set of little books is, so 
far as we know, the set now just ready and 
issued by Doubleday, Page & Company. You 
will find an announcement of it on page 141 
of this issue, and we hope you will inspect 
these delightful little volumes. 


THE NEW BOOK CATALOGUE 


is ready. It is a revised, descriptive list of 
our book publications. We should like to 
have any readers of our magazines own one. 


Se ee 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


¢ 


A Great Fall List 


The following is beyond any doubt the best list of books ever issued by us within.a single season. In addition to the ex- 
cellent books by new authors we take pride m announcing new titles by such well-known wniters as E. F. Benson, Myra 
Kelly, Will Irwin, Grace S. Richmond, E. Nesbit, Mary Stewart Cutting, Josef Hofmann, W. S. Rainsford, Lincoln 
Steffens, Gouverneur Morris, Ellis Parker Butler, Rudyard Kipling, Henry Van Dyke, Luther H. Gulick, Henry D. Lloyd, 
George Fitch, Booker T. Washington, F. Berkeley Smith, Irving Bacheller, Maurice Leblanc, Charles Battell Loomis, 
Meredith Nicholson, A. R. Dugmore, Josephine D. Bacon, Miriam Michelson and Neltje Blanchan. 


In the Border Country 


By JosrpHinE DasKkam Bacon. Mrs. Bacon conveys a 
reassuring and uplifting message to harassed and wearied woman- 
kind in the three “fairy tales” that make up thisvolume. The 
stories throb with sympathy — they are beautiful idyls of under- 
standing. Illustrated and decorated by Clara Peck. Fixed 
price, $1.00. 


A Reaping 
By E. F. Benson. Mr. Benson here hangs upon a thread of 
story a series of idyllic essays, each chapter covering a partic- 
ular month of the year. The book shows admirably the culti- 
vation, the love for music, the humor and light touch that 
characterize the author’s writings; and it is a volume which 
will repay a second and third reading. Fixed price, $1.25. 


The Leopard and the Lily 


By Marjorie Bowen. A tale of breathless adventure, of grim 
lawlessness and unbridled passion —in those wild medizval 
times in which the author laid her magnificent novel ‘‘The 
Viper of Milan.” A most beautiful and proud woman, loy- 
ing one man but betrothed to the Prince, his best friend; an 
English gentleman adventurer; ‘La Rose Rouge,” the embodi- 
ment of all that was fierce and crafty and brutal in the Middle- 
Age nobleman — these are the three main actors in this tense and 
swift-moving drama. Fixed price, $1.20. 


The Thin Santa Claus 


By Etris PARKER Butrer. A lively tale of Mrs. Gratz’s dis- 
covery of $900 in her chicken coop. Mr. Butler’s bit of Christmas 
nonsense is thoroughly characteristic of the author of “ Pigs is 
Pigs,” and well calculated to strike the reader’s humorous fancy 
as powerfully as its celebrated forerunner. Jllustrations by 
May Wilson Preston. Price, 50 cents. 


Just for Two 


By Mary Stewart Cuttinc. Throughout the five stories of 
love and courtship that make up Mrs. Cutting’s new book, 
there radiate those qualities of tender, heart-warming human- 
ity and lifelike realism that are so characteristic of the author’s 
“Little Stories of Married Life,” and ‘‘The Wayfarers.” Four 
illustrations. Fixed price, $1.00. 


The Master 


By Irvinc BAcHELLER. A stirring tale of a young man in 
quest of a fortune which awaits him in the hands of a missing 
uncle. The scene of the story moves from semi-Bohemian life 
of New York to the deck of an old schooner and a camp in the 
wilderness. Fixed price, $1.20. 


The Big Strike at Siwash 


By Georcr Fitcw. There never was another full-back like 
Ole Skajrsen, six feet six, two hundred and twenty in his Adam’s 
skin, and built like a bull and a pile-driver, and a thirteen-inch 
projectile all in one. Coach Most picked him up in the Wis- 
consin woods somewhere and persuaded him that a college edu- 
cation at Siwash would increase his lumber output too per cent. 
His subsequent college ‘‘education” makes one of the most 
rousingly funny stories that have ever appeared, and one which 
will live in football history. Illustrations by May Wilson 
Preston and Frank Crerie. Price, 50 cents. 


The Half Moon 


By Forp Mappox Huerrer. This story will remain one of the 
noteworthy tributes to the great Tercentenary Celebration. 
The narrative of the early days in Holland, the voyage and the 
discovery, brims with fascinating incident; in fact, as a care- 
fully wrought, well-balanced, entertaining work of fiction, the 
book invites comparison with the best historical novel of the 
past decade. Fixed price, $1.35. 


Putting on the Screws 


By Gouverneur Morris. This story tells of an ordinary, 
plain business man, struggling along to make ends meet for his 
wife and family, but never showing the strain or losing his sense 
of human sympathy. The tale is founded on those fundamen- 
tal triumphs of human nature over itself which make any 
reader’s heart feel warm. JIlustrated in color. Fixed price, 
50 cents. 


FICTION 


The Marquis of Loveland 


By C. N. and A. M. Wititamson. Frankly, the Marquis is at 
the outset a good bit of an unlicked cub, and he entertains not 
the slighest doubt that all the rich mothers in America will 
fall over each other to secure him and his title. But privations 
effect a decided change in character, and the tale ends with one 
of the most delightful romances that have ever found place 
in a Williamson story. “‘The Marquis of Loveland” is a 
worthy successor to ‘‘ Lady Betty.” Illustrations. Price, $1.50. 


The Lords of High Decision 


By Merepiru Nicuorson. A romance of Pittsburg of to-day, 
and the author’s most ambitious work. Wayne Craighill is 
the son of a prominent and wealthy family, who is introduced 
to the reader at the strategic moment of his career. In Jean 
Morley the reader will find a new and lovable type of American 
girl —a child of the anthracite country, with high ideals and 
ambitions. The plot is intense, the movement direct and 
dramatic. Four illustrations by A. I. Keller. Price, $1.50. 


A Court of Inquiry 


By Grace S. RicHmMonpD. This is a charming story of a group 
of girl and men friends, and the effect of their pairing off upon 
the narrator and her “‘ Philosopher.”” One sees these charming 
groups through the eyes of the one who tells the tale — and 
very shrewd and delightful eyes they are, seeing life in its true 
perspective with much real philosophy and true feeling. Mrs. 
Richmond has never written anything more fresh and human 
and entertaining. Eight illustrations by Charles M. Relyea. 
Fixed price, $1.00. 


The Lady of Big Shanty 


By F. BERKELEY SmitH. Mr. Smith (the son of the famous 
novelist) has been steadily making a reputation as a writer of 
shrewd and entertaining books of description and travel. This 
is his first novel, and its outdoor feeling and its fine protrayal 
of human nature in the great city and the North Woods dis- 
play a power and an insight that are most remarkable. Pixed 
price, $1.20. 


Warrior, The Untamed 


By Witt Irwin. If the police had interfered, as planned, old 
Warrior, the harmless ‘“‘man-eating”’ lion of Paradise Park, 
would never haye made the balloon ascension as per the press 
agent’s schedule. But the police, as usual, weren’t around, 
and as soon as the terrified lion returned to earth, he broke from 
the net and made straight for the open country. The tale is up- 
roariously funny. Four illustrations by Gruger. Price, 50 
cents. 


Arsene Lupin 


Noyelized by EpGAar Jepson from the Drama by Maurice 
Leprane. Mr. Leblanc’s famous creation is a sort of modern 
Robin Hood of the city; he preys only upon the rich; he is 
inexhaustible in resources, brilliant, elusive, mysterious — 
and has, withal, a sense of humor that is a delightful contrast to 
most detective tales. We predict that Arséne Lupin will soon 
be a household word among the reading homes of the United 
States. Illustrated. Price, $1.50. 


The Golden Season 


By Myra Ketry. Myra Kelly’s unfailing vein of sprightly 
humor has full play in this delightful tale of the escapades of 
Elizabeth and her chum in a coeducational college. JJlustrated. 
Fixed price, $1.20. 


Little Maude and Her Mamma 


By CuHarLes BATTELL Loomis. Little Maude has been called 
a classic. Just what a classic is may be hard to define, but 
when a story has pleased millions of English-speaking people 
all over the world, it must have elements of nonsense or felicity 
or pure foolishness that are likely to elevate it to the classic 
class. ‘‘Little Maude” has been tried and not found wanting. 
“Mr. Loomis’s place among American humorists is near 
the top, but he possesses another quality not often found in 


humorists. He has a warm and tender sympathy.” San 
Francisco Call. Four illustrations by the author. Price, 50 
cents. 


Daphne in Fitzroy Street 


By E. Nessit. It would be hard to find a more delightful 
picture of fresh young girlhood than Daphne, leader of the 
escapades in the French boarding-school. Her romantic 
adventures make a moying love story of distinction, humor 
and unusual appeal. Frontispiece in color. Fixed price, $1.20. 


A Girl of the Limberlost 


By GENE STrRaATToN-PorTER. This companion story to 
“Freckles”? is sure to repeat the striking success of that book 
which, published nearly five years ago, has steadily increased its 
tens of thousands of readers year by year. It is an exquisitely 
simple love-story which stands for true womanhood as did 
“Freckles” for pure manhood. Four illustrations in color by 
Benda. Price, $1.50. 


At the Foot of the Rainbow 


By Gener STRATTON-PortER. A charming outdoor romance 
of devoted friendship — the friendship which gives freely with- 
out return, and the love which seeks first the happiness of its 
object. Mew edition. Illustrated im color by Oliver Kemp. 
Price, $1.50. 


Actions and Reactions 


By Rupyarp Kiprinc. This new volume by Mr. Kipling is 
of the utmost importance and interest, being the author’s 
first collection of tales since the Nobel prize was awarded to him 
for “‘the most distinguished work in the field of idealistic 
tendency.” Price, $1.50. 


The Southerner 


By NicHoras WortH. Being an autobiographical tale of life 
in a Southern state since the Civil War. A novel full of real 
history, of adventure, of romance, of many dramatic events and 
contrasts, and of triumph. It gives a view of Southern life and 
progress hitherto neglected in fiction—the buoyant, con- 
structive, successful, hopeful struggle of the men since the War. 
Fixed price, $1.20. 


OUTDOOR BOOKS 


The American Flower Garden 


By NettjE BLaNcHAN. There has been needed an authori- 
tative work covering the American Garden as that famous 
work by William Robinson describes the English Garden. 
The present book is the “final authority” and covers adequately 
the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive or the 
reverse; and every fact among the thousands is made quickly 
available by a fourteen-page index. There are four plates in 
full color, and eighty plates of sufficient size adequately to treat 
the subjects presented. Wath planting lists by Leonard Barron. 
Regular edition. Net price, $5.00. 


House Plants 


By PARKER THAYER BarNES. A manual of the best plants for 
house cultivation and indoor decoration, giving foliage and 
flowers all summer and winter; their raising from seed and 
home propagation. JIlustrated. Net price, $1.10. 


Flowerless Plants 


By ExizaprtH H, Hate. The purpose of this book is three- 
fold: (2) To interest children in flowerless plants and to lead 
them to a desire for further knowledge. (2) To present a few 
facts In such a way as to enable the reader to discover for him- 
self others equally interesting. (3) To aid those who have 
found it difficult to obtain information on this subject without 
a tedious search through yolumes not easily procured. More 
than 100 illustrations in color, half-tone, and line. Net price, 
75 cents. 


The Garden Week by Week 


By Water P. Wricut. This practical handbook, imported 
from England, by the author of ‘“‘The Perfect Garden,” covers 
the gardening operations for every week in the year. It is a 
handy guide to the culture of the important flowers, vegetables, 
and fruits — outdoors and in greenhouses and coldframes. 
Net price, $2.00. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK 


OctTosBeER, 1909 


OcToBER, 1909 


Camera Adventures in the Jungle 


By A. Rapcryrre Ducmorre. Mr. Dugmore has for years 
stood alone as a nature photographer, and to him is due much 
of the recent progress in pictures of wild animals. He has 
been in East Africa for some months (the outcome of years 
of planning) securing the same lifelike pictures of lions, rhin- 
oceroses, giraffes, and other African animals that he has pub- 
lished of moose, deer, caribou, and other American big game. 
His success has been notable, and the story of his adventures, 
with the marvelous pictures, makes a book that presents the 
heart of African wild life to the reader vividly and intimately. 
Over 100 illustrations from photographs jrom life, by the author. 
Net price, $5.00. 


Nature Calendars for 1910 


These are ideal calendars for the many thousands of nature 
lovers whose ranks are growing so rapidly. ‘There is a colored 
plate of a bird or flower, suitable to the particular season for 
each month in the year, together with a description of the species 
represented. Size, over all, 10 x 14; heavy green mounts; gold 
stamping, 12 color plates on each. Each, $1.50. 


Sherwood Forest 


By JoserH Ropcers. With fine sympathy and full apprecia- 
tion for the poetic past of Sherwood Forest, Mr. Rodgers 
describes the most famous of the oaks and the historical and 
sentimental interest that is attached to them, and deals in a 
most fascinating style with the renowned families and characters 
of history —famous and infamous—and great figures in 
English literature, who have, at some time or other, dwelt 
within the borders of these majestic woods. Seven full-page 
photogravures, 42 full-page halj-tones. Net price, $7.50. 


Trees Every Child Should Know 


By JurrA ELLEN Rocers. ‘Trees Every Child Should Know” 
is written for children,-by one who knows children as she knows 
trees. Very simply and interestingly the distinctive traits of 
each tree are set forth, so that a child can recognize the tree, 
and what’s more — can tell ow he knows it. Forty-eight illus- 
trations. Net price, $1.20. In full and haljf-leather bindings. 
Net price, $2.00. 


Guide to Taxidermy 


By Cuartes K. Reep and CHEsTer A. REED. The straight- 
forward aim of this book is to enable the reader to gain com- 
plete mastery of the art of Taxidermy. To this end the experi- 
ences of thirty-five years in all branches of the art has been called 
upon, and the authors have held back no secrets; everything is 
laid bare. Each operation besides being exhaustively described 
is illustrated by a detail drawing. Very fully illustrated. Net 
price, $1.50. 


Goldfish—Aquaria—Ferneries 


By CuHester A. REED. To explain the best methods of stock- 
ing and maintaining aquariums of ornamental fish is the object 
of this invaluable little handbook, and the author writes with the 
delightfully intimate and informal touch of the enthusiastic 
amateur. There is alsoa chapter on the making and care of the 
plants, ferns and mosses for the fernery. Many original illus- 
trations. Net price, 50 cents. 


Bird Guide (Revised Edition) 


These books are intended to take into the field with you, and 
are about the length and width of your hand. Nothing could 
be more compact and handy; no detail is omitted that is of 
importance or of unusual interest to the student. Every bird 
is shown in color, and every bird east of the Rockies is included. 
In two parts. Pocket size. Colored illustrations. Parts I and 
II bound in a single volume. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.75. 
Part I: WATER AND GAMEBIRDS: Birps OF Prey. More 
than 200 illustrations in color. Flexible cloth. Net price, 75 
cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 

Part II: Lanp Brrps East OF THE RocktkEs: From PARRoTs 
To BLUEBIRDS. Over 200 illustrations in color.. Flexible cloth. 
Net price, 75 cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 


The Poultry Book 


The first comprehensive work on the subject in this country for 
amateur or professional alike. One great volume with 36 
color plates, and 636 other pictures. New edition, complete 
in one volume. Net price, $5.00. 


The Dog Book 


A magnificent companion to the ‘‘Poultry Book,” covering 
every phase of the dog in America, with full accounts of every 
prominent breed. 128 full-page pictures. New edition, com- 
plete in one volume. Net price, $5.00. 


ECONOMICS 


Upbuilders 


By Lincoin STEFFENS. ‘This book (the antithesis of “‘muck- 
raking”) presents stories of five different ways in which five 
different men have fought for the rest of us in five widely separ- 
ated parts of the United States. The volume is full of fight, full 
of romance and full of explicit suggestions as to ways and 
means of fighting for the right. Net price, $1.20. 


The Story of the Negro 


By Booxer T. WAsHINGTON. A positive, triumphant record 
of progress — the final work to date on the history of the Negro, 
for, beyond Dr. Washington, there is nobody in the world whose 
statements on the Negroin America carry more weight or more 
human interest. Illustrated. Uniform with “Up from Slav- 
ery.? Net price, $1.50. 


Ateve tl: 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Men, the Workers 


By Henry Demarest Lioyp. Edited by Anne Withington 
and Caroline Stallbohm. Mr. Lloyd kept in close touch with 
the labor movement all over the world, and participated in more 
than one manifestation of its aims in America; and this is his 
final contribution to the labor question in America. It is a col- 
lection of essays and addresses on labor questions treated from 
the viewpoint of an intimate, as well as that of a social, philos- 
opher. Frontispiece. Net price, $1.50. 


TRAVEL 


Yucatan 


The American Egypt, by CHANNING ARNOLD and FREDERICK 
J. Frost. A most lively and unconventional volume of obser- 
vation and travel through the strangest corner of North America 
—that country of Yucatan where Central American civilization 
reached its height centuries ago, but which even President Diaz 
had never seen until a few years ago. It opens to the reader 
an unknown land at our doors. Many illustrations jrom photo- 
graphs. Net price, $3.80. 


The Land of the Lion 


By W. S. Ratnsrorp. Dr. Rainsford, formerly rector of St. 
George’s Church, New York, spent a full year after game in 
Africa, during which time he walked more than four thousand 
miles. His graphic descriptions tell of the great game hunt 
as it is now in Africa. This book also contains many interest- 
ing studies and observations of African native life. It is gen- 
erously illustrated with vivid photographs, taken, many of them, 
at close quarters. Illustrated jrom photographs. Net price, 


VENICE 


The Book of Famous Sieges 


By Tupor Jenks. There are no events in history which are 
quite so fascinating to the average young reader as the famous 
sieges of the world, so full are they of thrillingincident, and count- 
less examples of splendid courage and stout-hearted defense 
against terrible odds, and the most ingenious methods of attack 
and repulsion. Mr. Jenks describes the great sieges of the 
world with complete accuracy as to detail and with the skill and 
ability of the born story-teller to hold the reader’s deep interest. 
Sixteen reproductions of old prints and jamous paintings. Net 
price, $1.50. 


Tales of Wonder 


Edited by Kate Doucras Wiccin and Nora ARCHIBALD 
SmitH. Here are fairy tales from the Persian, Japanese, Chi- 
nese, Gaelic, Scandinavian, Indian, Welsh, Russian and other 
and more familiar sources. But the distinctive feature of the 
volume lies in its departure from the beaten track. The greater 
part of the stories, we feel sure, will be read by most children 
for the first time. Fixed price, $1.50. 


BIOGRAPHY 


Marie Antoinette 


By Hirarre Bettoc. Against a background of the history of 
the whole period covered by her life, not in Europe alone, but in 
America, Mr. Belloc, has written from the most modern view- 
point, a comprehensive study of the career of Marie Antoinette, 
the forming of her character, the causes and effects that cul- 
minated on the scaffold. Net price, $2.75. 


Anatole France 


By GrorGE BRANDES. Asa study of one great critic by another 
equally distinguished, this little book is unique, but it will also 
be found a most valuable aid to those who wish to make a study 
of France, the man, and his work. Frontispiece of Anatole 
France. Net price, 75 cents. 


The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy 


AnD THE HisToRY OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. By GEORGINE 
Mirmine. This is the first time that any reliable facts have 
been gathered together of the career of this remarkable woman 
and of the history of the movement which she inaugurated. The 
author carefully and impartially takes up this period of Mrs. 
Eddy’s erratic youth, her years of invalidism, and her acquain- 
tanceship with Quimby, and acquisition from him of the idea 
of the ‘‘Allness of Mind.” Net price, $2.00. 


Melba 


By Acnres C. MurpHy. Music-loving America will welcome the 
announcement of the first extended biography of Mme. Nellie 
Melba by her life-long friend and admirer, Miss Agnes C. 
Murphy, in the preparation of which Mme. Melba has given her 
enthusiastic cooperation, besides writing two chapters of her 
own for it. There is a wealth of illuminating anecdote and 
incident; and the volume is appropriately and brilliantly con- 
cluded by two chapters by Mme. Melba on “The Selection of 
Music as a Profession”? and on “‘The Science of Singing.” 
Many portraits and views of scenes described. Net price, 


$2.75. 
Wendell Phillips 


By Lorenzo Sears. Dr. Sears’s brilliant biography sums 
up with distinction and authority the achievement of the great 
orator and reformer from the standpoint of the present day. The 
volume will prove of great value to students of oratory and of 
American History. Photographic frontispiece. Net price, $1.50. 


HOLIDAY BOOKS 


Grimm’s Fairy Tales 


Illustrated by ArTHUR RackHAm. Mr. Rackham feels that 
this superb edition of Grimm is his highest achievement as a 
creative illustrator, for these tales have always appealed to him 
peculiarly. It is safe to say, in addition, that it will probably 
be long before any artist equals these superb embodiments of 
the old fairy tale characters familiar to every houschold. The 
book is a triumph in every way, and confirms anew Mr. Rack- 
ham’s preéminence in this line of work. Edition deluxe. Size, 
to x 12, with about so illustrations in color. Net price, 36.00. 


Undine 


Illustrated by ArtHUR RackHam. This is a new transla- 
tion by W. L. Courtenay of Fouqué’s famous classic, which 
will be a hundred years old year after next. The water-sprite 
gaining her soul through marriage to a mortal is the kind of 
fanciful subject which gives Mr. Rackham’s imagination full 
sweep, and this volume will doubtless take its place as the stand- 
ard edition of this classic with all who care for a beautiful book 
at a low price. Edition de luxe. Many illustrations in color 
and black and white. Net price, $2.00. 


The Poetry of Nature 


Edited by Henry VAN Dyke. ‘Some of these verses are but 
little lyrics, brief and delicate wafts of song, like Herrick’s 
‘Daffodils’; others are deeper and stronger, moving with a 
long-drawn, solemn music of thought, like Wordsworth’s 
‘Tintern Abbey,’ or sweeping us away with tempest tones, like 
Shelley’s ‘West Wind.’ But two things will be found in all of 
them, simple or profound. They are true to the facts of Nature.” 
It is a gift book for the discriminating. Sixteen photogravure 
alustrations, four of them plate-marked, jrom photographs by 
Henry Troth. Boxed. Net price, $2.50. 


Piano Questions Answered 


By JoserF Hormann. These 250 replies to definite queries 
are exceedingly suggestive, since they cover just the points which 
the average student wants to know and which no book can antic- 
ipate. The result is a most human, stimulating, and helpful 
series of little talks on all sorts of piano topics, so that the reader 
almost feels if as he had been present  * an informal meeting of 
a lot of enthusiastic pupils with the famo.> virtuoso. Net price, 


“VERSE 


The Song of the English 


By Rupyarp Kiprinec. For this well-known poem, which is 
a typical example of Mr. Kipling’s superb rendering of heroic 
and national thought in verse, Mr. W. Heath Robinson has pre- 
pared a magnificent series of illustrations. There are thirty 
full pages in color, ten full pages in black and white, and pen 
decorations on every page. Orders will be taken in advance as 
the edition is limited to one thousand copies. Jilustrated by W. 
Heath Robinson. Size about 10x12. Net price, $5.00. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


The Philosophy of Dancing 


By Lutuer H. Guticx. This book shows how different com- 
munities have met the problem of public recreation and festivals, 
and particularly to show with some detail the meaning and use 
of folk-dancing. These folk dances are discussed from the 
standpoint of health and grace, and the author, who has been 
identified with the new movement for teaching all sorts of folk 
dances in the public schools, tells how the folk dance may be 
carried out in connection with school, social and playground life. 
Sixty-jour illustrations. Net price, $1.40. 


David 


By Care Younc Rice. Mr. Rice, in this poetic drama on a 
biblical subject, shows the great mastery of the music of verse, 
and the greater strength in the delineation of character, that 
have caused his work to be considered in many respects superior 
to the dramas of Stephen Phillips. The present volume con- 
tains a very powerful presentation of the incidents of David’s 
life. Net price, $1.25. 


German Auxiliary Schools 


By Dr. B. Marnnet. “German Auxiliary Schools,” by Dr. 
B. Maennel, deals with the problem of educating children whose 
mental development deviates from the normal owing to phys- 


ical or mental defects, either congenital or acquired. Net 
price, $1.50. 

As Old as the Moon 
CuBAN LEGENDS AND FOLKLORE OF THE ANTILLES. By Mrs. 


FLORENCE JACKSON STODDARD. This is the first collection 
made of the myths, nature stories, and semi-historical tales of 
primitive Cuba and neighboring islands of the Antilles. It is a 
fascinating story book for students of folklore and a yaluabl 
reference book for historians and ethnologists. Net frice 
$1.00. 


Political Issues and Outlooks 


A collection of the chief 
the period between his nomination and inau 
they form a vigorous and lucid summary of th 
in the American life and politics of to-day. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK 


Wri he Readers’ Servi 
108 bain n A aHemmE De DM (ELI ID IF IN INDIA GAZ IIN BD 


A PARTIAL VIEW OF OUR HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GROUNDS, SHOWING 
MASSES OF HARDY PHLOX IN THE REAR 


Plant Hardy New England Grown Nursery 
Stock for the Home Grounds 


Perennials in September 
Deciduous Trees and Shrubs in October 


We have a great variety. Our Evergreens are several times trans- 
planted. Herbaceous Perennials are strong, field-grown plants. ‘Trees 
and Shrubs are well rooted, strong and thrifty. 


CATALOGUE MAILED FREE 


THE BAY STATE NURSERIES 


North Abington, Mass. 


cissus : : heat i, a0 a7 /; Forced 
Victoria os Ss : 4 EFA ? f lif J Blooms 

The <a} RE | Stand 

Best x ’ ae me GA 7 os Well 

Bicolor ; : \j wa 3 Ede ; Above 
Daffodil : 2B SO ie ef Foliage 


We have been importing these Bulbs from the same grower for fifteen 
years. Evidence of the fact that they have given satisfaction to customers 
who demand the BEST ALWAYS is shown in the repeat orders which we 
receive season after season, No other bulbs imported into this country equal 
these in blooming quality, and a trial will cause you to join our list of yearly 
customers. Send in your order for them at once, 


Trees, Shrubs and Roses 


Place your orders with us now—you will get a more favorable selection than if you 
defer the purchase until later. We will ship at the proper time to plant—some varieties 
should be set in the Fall, while others are better if left until Spring—and we will see that 
you are treated right. 

Of 480 trees shipped to Massachusetts last April, only one failed to grow; in 
another shipment of 350 trees, every one made a handsome growth. This is 
the kind of trees you should buy. Good stock properly packed, prompt service and 
fair prices make our customers so enthusiastic they are our most effective advertising, 


Write for our illustrated Catalogue, which gives sizes and prices. It’s Free. 


S. G. HARRIS 


Rosedale Nurseries, Box 63, Tarrytown, New York 


OcToBeER, 1909 


We Are Digging Now 


PEONIES and IRIS 


September and October are the best months 
to plant them. 


We have specialized on peonies for 
20 years. In 1888 we had 300 named 


varieties ; since then we have grown and 
studied 1,000 others. Now we offer 99 
Varieties that we know are the best, 
and we have a very large stock of these 


choice sorts. 


No poor sorts; no weak or shy blooming 
plants. 


Send to-day for descriptive catalog. 
When it comes order at once, and we will 
ship without delay. 


PETERSON NURSERY 


Established 1856 


Wm. A. Peterson, Proprietor 


Lincoln and Peterson Aves. Chicago, II. 


Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties 
For October and Early Fall Planting 


Of the tried and true things that are so essential to the hardy garden, I recommend as espe- 
cially adapted for October planting: 

“My collection has a world-wide reputation for variety and dependability. 

PEONIES I have ready this fall more than 100,000 strong roots, in cone 420 inane 

which will be sure to bloom next year. Atthe annual exhibition of the American Peony Society 

last June my flowers were awarded the FIRST prize—for largest and best collection shown, be- 
sides six other prizes in special classes. 

IRISES Admittedly my surpassing collection has no equal in America. It embraces 

every good one of the innumerable varieties in the 170-odd known species. 

I have hundreds of kinds that can be found nowhere else in this country, all of proved merit. 


PHLOXES A superb assortment, embracing all the latest novelties. A specially 
fine stock of healthy young plants. Just right to produce the largest 
beds of bloom next season, Special prices on application. 


DELPHINIUMS The finest lot of hybrid kinds I have ever grown or seen— 
} raised from specially selected seed of my own Saving. 95 per 
cent of them are double kinds, many of them the superior of all the named varieties. 


SPEOIAL OOTOBER OFFER WHILE THEY LAST, of Farr’s Hybrid Delphiniums 
$2.50 per doz., $18.00 per 100. Stock limited. 


Shall I send you my Catalogue? It is free to all who are interested in hardy Plants. And 
you will find it worth while. 


Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Narseries, 809 D Penn St., Reading, Pa. 


The Readers’ Service will giv 
OcTOBER , 1909 “1 H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E THORASEER TRH On Bouin” 109 


Cover DEsIGN—An Old-Fashioned Garden. ; ‘ : : : ee ate -- : : ; : : d : : A. R. Dugmore 
PAGE PAGE 
SEAWEED AS A FERTILIZER ; é ; F Ay oy Wi LOM THE SCUPPERNONG GRAPE VINE 5 ‘ A. L. Hodgdon 136 
A PRODUCTIVE VEGETABLE GARDEN : a Qe. Only 104 PLANTING PEACH TREES IN FALL . : Tnomas J. Steed 136 
Do ALL THE GARDENING You CAN INTHE FAIL .  . . III Me On sears by Ne ae fate © BP 
IONS IN THE STRAWBERRY BED ohn S. 
Harpy Buss ror EvERyYBoDY’s GARDEN W. C. McCollom 112 ; PRCT NaOH Raneanee arke 136 
Photographs by the author and others W 
Meee : HAT Do THESE BALLS MEAN ? ; : W. E. Pen 
LitrtLe Buss For LitrLeE Purses . . Benjamin Goodrich 116 Photograph by Je Ey MeBarland endleton 138 
Photographs by L. Barron, N. Graves and others Tue FEATHERED HyvyacintH T. McA 8 
How To PLrant THE Harpy BorpeR IN FALL Robert Cameron 118 BG tomrachs Dy Naf haniRaGrarcoue 3 sya NED 
Phot hs by th th 
ae Re Tee BinEwciTEss SAW IN| ENGLAND 4%) 05 9) = | 2.) W. MM. aa42 
Two-story Errects IN THE BULB GARDEN Sherman R. Dujfy 120 
_ Photographs by N. R. Graves and M. O. Wright PLant Tuts Livy Sone Conon ee O RG 2 Henry Maxwell 144 
TAKING OCTOBER BY THE FORELOCK.  . H. S. Adams 122 ; Cee eae ee 
BMS eee oie y Nara Ro Gu ves GROWING BULBS IN THE WEST : 5 sre On La Vel eller 144 
Oxe HUNDRED PLANTS FOR AN ALI-Yrar GARDEN . : ; A BLuE FLOWER FOR EARLY FALL . : Jabez Tompkins 146 
aoe EG. © Photograph by Nathan R. Graves 
‘ : 4 A SPLENDID NEw BLUEBELL FOR THE SOUTH . . W.M. 148 
ENGLISH EFFECTS WITH HARDY CLIMBERS . Wilhelm Miller 126 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves 
Photographs by E. J. Wallis and F. M. Good THE SOUTHERN GARDEN IN EARLY FALL Thomas J. Steed 150 
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . : Ellen Eddy Shaw 130 GARDEN PUBLICATIONS ‘ , : 150 


Photographs by the author M . . . 5 5 
AKE YOUR: ROADSIDE A POEM IN VINES Thomas McA 
Forcinc BuLBS FOR WINTER FLOWERS . «Wo Cs WIGo.. 1a cAdam 152 


enoteerapieibytherntsor Two PLANTS OFTEN CONFUSED . j : : ; : 5 Re; 
PERSONAL EXPERIENCES , : F 3 : : ; . 134 ANSWERS TO QUERIES : : : ; 5 : F - 154 


SUBSCRIPTION: WILHELM MILLER, Epiror—Copyricut, 1909, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 
eee ae a ean Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1870 
Nea a ea F. N. DousLepay, President WALTER H. Pacer, HERBERT S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


For Foreign Postage 
add 6sc. 
For Canada add 35c. 


THE COLUMBIA COLLECTION OF QUALI 


FIVE HUNDRED BULBS FOR $5.00 


The following collection of bulbs contains exclusively the most showy and easily cultivated varieties (all selected, first size and well ripened bulbs) part of which can be potted 
for the conservatory or window, and the balance may be planted in the garden or border for early spring flowers, and they will insure the finest possible display: 
8 Easter Lilies* ; ‘ 4 Sacred Narcissus* 24 Double Tulips Mixed 24 Chionodoxa (“Glory of the Snow’’) 24 Spanish Iris 
12 Dutch Double Hyacinths in three colors 12 Double Yellow Daffodils 24 Single Tulips Mixed 50 Snowdrops 12 Ixias* 
12 Dutch Single Hyacinths in three colors 12 Single Red Tulips 50 Yellow Crocus 24 Anemones 12 Oxalis Buttercups* 
12 Paper White Narcissus* 12 Single White Tulips 50 Blue Crocus 24 Sweetscented Jonquils 4 Calla Lilies* 
12 Pheasant Eye Narcissus 12 Single Yellow Tulips 50 White Crocus 20 Freesias* 


Or we will supply one-half of this splendid collection, 250 bulbs, for $2.75, or one-quarter, 125 bulbs for $1.50. 
Our distinctive, instructive and suggestive Fall Bulb Catalogue, containing a most comprehensive collection of Fall Bulbs with full descriptions and cultural directions, and illustrated with nearly 
Too photo-engravings from life, mailed free. ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman 
342 West 14th Street NEW YORK GITY 
Those varieties marked with a * for indoors only—if required we will substitute bulbs for outdoor cultivation. 


110 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctrosBeER, 1909 


ARDY LILIES 


FOR EALL PLANTING 


LL Lilies are better for Fall planting, but many varieties 
of Japanese Lilies do not arrive from Japan before the 
ground freezes up. There is one method, however, 

by which they can be planted late in November or 

in December, and that is to cover the ground in 
which they are to be planted before it freezes 
with 8 to 12 inches of stable manure. This 
will prevent the ground from freezing, and the 
manure can be removed and the Lilies planted upon 
their arrival. We will not deliver until Spring any 
varieties of Lilies which do not arrive until after 
hard freezing weather, unless instructed otherwise. 

We repack in sand Lilies arriving too late for Fall 

delivery and store them in a cold cellar until Spring, when 

they are delivered as early as possible. 


LILIUM SUPERBUM 


(SEE ILLUSTRATION) 


If there is amore satisfactory Lily, or hardy plant of any kind, 
than our splendid native Superbum Lily, we do not know 
it. Either in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be surpassed. 
In good soil it will grow eight feet high and produce twenty to 
thirty of its beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in 

the garden is not over-plentiful. For vigor and reliability they 

are unequaled. Ten years ago we planted several hundred in 

the rough part of the grounds of one of our customers. They have 
been allowed to take care of themselves ever since and take their 
chance with the grass and other wild plants that have tried to 
crowd them out, but there were more of them, and they were finer 
this season than ever before. We have secured a very large stock of 
first-class bulbs, which we offer at specially low prices for immediate 


delivery. Extra selected bulbs. $1.25 per doz., $2.25 per 25, $7.00 per 
100, $26.00 per 500, $50.00 per 1000. 


JAPANESE LILIES *iixo novenser 
Auratum (Goldebanded Lily) Per doz. Per 100 Speciosum album. Tendon: Per 100 


. Bto QDinches ....00+ cerceees $165 $12 00 
Bu Eaten Sk OD Os if taclies sccs aco. veces 250 19.00 
liteaniGumehecn: 250 1800 11 to 13 inches .... .... .... « 350 2500 


c bye Be Speciosum Melpomene. Similar 
11 to 13 inches, selected bulbs 3 25 22 00 Pe Rue ee ees eee 


Longiflorum. The Longiflorum in color. 
has large pure white, trumpet- Zto Qinches ........ 0+ seee 1 35 9 00 
shaped flowers like the Bermu- Oto Il inches .-....-. «2... 175 1300 
da Easter Lily, but is perfectly Speciosum Rubrum, or roseum. 
hardy. Pink. 8 to 9 inches........ 1 25 8 00. 
Sitomidinchesteriiehercitencletelsiere 55 350 9 to 12 inches .... «100 wees oe 175 12 00 
Giton Stinche sisteetoleisieieteriteistete 75 4 50 Monster Bulbs .........2200+ 2 40 17 00 
JZ to Qinches .. wees eee eae 1 00 7 50 The Speciosum varieties of Japanese Lilies are most 
9 to 10 inches ...... ...+ e 150 1000 beautiful and of the easiest culture. 
NATIVE LILIES DIATE DELI 
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY 
Canadense flavium. Per doz. Per 100 
Our dainty, beautiful native Lily graceful Per doz. Per 100 
and charming yellow flowers.......+.+-+:++ 150 $1000 Canadense mixed............. BuvRecvgd00000 075 $5 50 
Canadense rubrum. Red flowers. A most Philadelphicum. Orange-red with black spots 1 00 _7 00 
lovely and graceful Lily; fine for planting in Grayi. A dainty little Lily of great beauty ---. 3 00 2000 
the grass of orchards or meadows «-.++-++- 150 41100 


Our Fall Catalogue, containing a complete list of Japanese, American and European Lilies, Hardy Plants, Roses, Shrubs, 
Trees, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, and everything suitable for planting, will be sent on request, New customers are 
requested to send references or remittances with their orders. 


ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY 


Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 


| 
| 
| 
| 


‘The G 


Vor x— Noy (3 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


arden Magazine 


OCTOBER, 1909 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY 
DOUBLE NUMBERS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS 


[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


Do All the Gardening You Can 
in the Fall 


I se important gardening opportun- 

ities are missed between September 
15th and October 15th than during any 
other month in the year. 

The greatest opportunity of all is to cut 
out the spring rush. Vegetable and flower 
seeds must be sown in spring and this work 
alone is enough to keep everyone busy then. 

Three-fourths of all other planting can 
be done as well or better in the autumn. 
You can add immeasurably to your pleasure 
in gardening by doing in a leisurely way 
during the golden autumn days everything 
that can possibly be done then for the good 
of a garden. 


THE FOUR REASONS FOR FALL PLANTING 


1. You avoid the spring rush. 

2. You get better quality and more variety 
to choose from, with less risk of substitution. 

3. You avoid summer drought and delays 
in shipment. More plants are killed by 
dry summers than by cold winters. 

4. You save money because labor is 
cheaper and easier to get and you have time 
to do a better job. 


THE FOUR GREATEST OPPORTUNITIES 


First, save a year in the development of 
your place by planting the hardy bulbs of 
a permanent nature; e. g., daffodils, late 
tulips, peonies and lilies. 

Second, you will probably save a year by 
planting trees, shrubs and vines this fall. 
Itis possible for you to plant these next spring 
but the chances are you wow t. You will be 
‘too busy then. 

Third, this the best time to perfect your 
garden of perennials by multiplying the best 
kinds, buying new ones, and rearranging the 
whole according to a definite color scheme. 


Fourth, you can make your home grounds 
beautiful and cheery this very winter by 
planting shrubs with brightly colored bark 
and berries. Remember that five long 
leafless months are coming when most home 
grounds are bleak and ugly. There is no 
excuse for this. 


Before October First 


Wier this page as a “‘check list,’”’ just as 
you do the “Reminder” for April. 
There are so many big things to consider 
now that the best plan is to check off the 
items that do not concern you. Then con- 
centrate on the things to be done before 
October rst. 


Buy Your Bulbs Now 


(CEI all your bulbs in September, 
even if some are best planted in 
October. The earlier the order the better 
the quality and the less danger of disappoint- 
ment and substitution. 

When ordering bulbs, be sure to ask 
for bulb pans, not seed pans. Hyacinths 
should have deeper pots than ordinary. 
Nearly all other bulbs look prettier in pans 
and are easier to handle. 

The best time to pot and bury bulbs for 
winter bloom is the last half of September. 
The longer the bulbs stay outdoors the better 
roots they make and consequently the finer 
flowers. 

Wouldn’t your bulb beds look prettier 
for the next five years if every inch of ground 
were covered with an evergreen carpet of 
hardy pinks, thrift or evergreen candytuft? 
They make a prettier background for 
daffodils and late tulips than raw earth. 

You can save a lot of hard work by 
planting when the ground is softened by the 
autumn rains. This is a great advantage 
when planting bulbs by the thousand so 
as to make them look like wild flowers. 


Pointers About Perennials 


Vece can divide perennials and rearrange 
your border as late as the last week 
of October, but new plants from nursery- 
men had best be bought before October tst. 

Ten to one your garden is “‘petering out” 
now. Now is the time to visit the best 
gardens and see how they manage to have 
plenty of fresh flowers when most gardens 
look seedy. One way is to make a second 
sowing of annualsin June. But take a note 
book and ask to see the following perennials: 
Delphinum, gaillardia, tufted pansies, 
Viola cornuta, inulas, erigerons, chrysanthe- 
nums, Japanese anemone, phlox, Veronica 
longifolia, var. subsessilis, Conoclinium, 


-and Aconitum Fischert. 


More money is spent in September on 
peonies than on any other perennial plant. 
Don’t plant peonies in the spring. Septem- 
ber is the best month, but October is good. 

Don’t plant autumn-blooming perennials 
now—except phlox—but see the best varie- 
ties now and order next March. 

You can save a year by planting now the 
early-blooming perennials; 1. e. anything that 
flowers in March, April or May. Remember 
that annuals do not bloom till July. Don’t 
you want some Russian violets, or Amoor 
Adonis, in March; golddust, dwarf iris 
or pulmonaria, in April; columbines, bleed- 
ing heart or German iris, in May? 

Don’t you need a lot of edging plants for 
your garden? You can start seeds now of 
rock cress, horned pansy, tufted violet, wall 
pepper, Carpathian bellflower, evergreen 
candytuft, etc. Sow in flats in frames and 
set them out in spring. 


Kitchen Garden Opportunities 


ve FROST has not destroyed your garden 

you can enjoy it two to six weeks longer 
by covering plants with boxes, burlap, 
newspapers, etc. 

Before frost comes pick every tomato, 
and ripen them on shelves. Tomatoes and 
pears have a better flavor when ripened off 
the plant. The best way is to pull tomato 
vines and hang them on the walls in a stable 
or outhouse. 

You can gain a month on spinach by 
sowing seed outdoors now. Mulch the 
little plants toward the end of November. 
Crop should be ready about the last week 
of April. 

Try corn salad this fall by the method just 
described for spinach and send us a photo- 
graph to illustrate your success. It has a sort 
of buttery texture, somewhat as spinach has. 


October First to Fifteenth 


(Ge SOBER is the best month for planting 

hardy bulbs outdoors; e. g., tulips, 
daffodils, hyacinths, snowdrops, crocuses, 
scillas. Also lilies—if you can get well- 
ripened bulbs before November. 

To enjoy autumn colors to the utmost 
take an automobile ride to a big nursery. 
It is a quick way to find out the names of 
trees and shrubs that have the most interest- 
ing colors now. Some are worth planting 
solely for autumn color; e. g., the Tartarian 
maple. 

Don’t burn autumn leaves. Get all you 
can to improve flower beds next fall. Leaf 
mold is worth $2 or more a wagon load. 
Oak and chestnut leaves of this season can 
be used for mulching next month, but not 
elm or maple. 


Plant lily bulbs very deeply. Note the trowel is 
plunged into the earth for its entire length 


Hardy Bulbs for Everybody’s Garden—By W. C. McCollom, 


A little sand under, round and over the bulb will Mark the place of each bulb with a stick so as to 


help drainage and so prevent rot 


avoid injury in working 


New 
York 


FOR THE GREATEST IMMEDIATE RETURNS IN FLOWERS OF EARLY SPRING PLANT HARDY BULBS NOW — 
SELECTIONS OF VARIETIES FOR ALL PURPOSES AND SITUATIONS— HOW TO AVOID THE COMMON ERRORS 


UYING bulbs is like buying a cat in a 
bag. You can, of course, tell by the 
bulb what quality of flower it will throw, 
provided it is properly handled, but you 
cannot tell the color or variety. So you are 
really at the mercy of the party that supplies 
you. Therefore, go to a good, reliable house 
to make your purchases, and, barring errors, 
you will get exactly what you buy — not a 
lot of cheap varieties that are somewhat 
similar in color but lacking some of the 
essentials of a high grade variety. 

What quality of flower the bulb will throw 
is told not by the size of the bulb so much as 
by its firmness. That is, two bulbs of equal 
size and of the same firmness will throw the 
same quality of flower, but let one be soft 
and there would be a perceptible difference 
in the blooms in favor of the firm bulb. But 
to get the best conception, cut open a bulb 
or two, and the young embryo flower will be 


found in the bulb, and you can readily tell 


what you are buying. 

But still, a great deal depends on the way 
the bulb is grown. Good ground, good 
cultivation and proper care will develop 
better flowers than poor ground and neglect 
from bulbs of equal quality. The poorly 
grown bulb will have just as many flowers 
as the well-grown bulb, but they will not be 
as large nor as fine. 

The soils that bulbs like best is of light 
texture. That gives good drainage and the 
percentage of loss is not so great if a lot of 
rain comes just after planting. If your soil 
is stiff and clayey and takes a long time to 
dry out, add sand in large quantities, mixing 
it well with the soil. If this is not practical, 
dig out the soil to a depth of eighteen inches 
and throw about four inches of broken 
bricks or old stones in the bottom of the 
trench for drainage. Then, fill in with the 


soil. In this case it is also a good plan to 
have some sand when you plant, putting a 
small handful in each hole as you plant 
the bulbs. 

Bulbs demand good soil. True they can 
grow without it, but if a thing is worth doing 
at all, it is worth doing well. Spade under 
a liberal quantity of manure which should 
be well rotted and short. There is no need 
of going deeper than eighteen inches in this 
because the roots don’t go down any more 
than that. If you have good, rich, mellow 
ground the application of some good fer- 
tilizer will answer the purpose. If you use 
manure, he sure it is buried below the level 
at which the bulbs are to be planted, as the 


The Easter lily (Lilium longijlorum) may be grown 
out-of-doors if protected in winter 


112 


bulbs should not come in contact with fresh 
manure until they have rooted. If the bulbs 
are to be planted in beds, it is a good scheme 
to raise the bed a few inches above the 


surrounding ground. This also insures 
good drainage. After digging the ground, 
firm it gently by treading onit. The ground 


should not be soft and spongy, and on the 
other hand it should not be too hard. 

Be very careful not to let any unplanted 
bulbs get wet, as that will cause them to 
decay, and don’t leave bulbs lying about 
for several weeks before planting them. 
They are better off in the ground. There 
is only one thing that should delay planting, 
and that is excessive rainfall at planting time. 
In that case put the bulbs away in a cool, 
dry place until the ground is in proper 
condition. 

Bulbs will flower in either sunshine or 
shade, but (like most flowering plants) 
they are mostly partial to sunshine, especially 
the early spring flowers such as the tulip, 
hyacinth and daffodil. At the same time 
if they are wanted in a shaded place, don’t 
hesitate to plant there as they will surely 
flower and look well; but the flowers will 
probably be weaker stemmed and not so 
large as if grown in the sunlight — also a 
little later. Bulbs that will do well in the 
shade will be so mentioned, and those that 
are not so mentioned will be accepted as. 
sun-lovers. 

Although in a good many cases it is not 
necessary, yet generally speaking, it is 
advisable to mulch bulbs the first season 
after planting. Always wait until the 
ground is frozen a little on top, and then 
apply about four inches of rough stable litter 
or leaves. 

Beds of nothing but bulbs are laid out in 
various designs and are very attractive, on 


OctosBerR, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


118 


For bedding, set each bulb in its exact place and 


plant at an even depth 


large estates, in public parks, etc., because 
very showy. But I am not a lover of this 
style of bedding, but prefer to make plantings 
where they may remain, and where I really 
think they look better than if planted in a 
circle directly in the front of the house. For 
this kind of bulb planting there are but three 
bulbs used to any extent — hyacinths, tulips, 
and narcissus. 

The hyacinth is one of the most common 
bulbs for fall planting. It throws large 
spikes of variously colored, sweet-scented 
flowers, and is very sure flowering. When 
planting in beds for effect be careful to put 
all bulbs the same depth, so that they will 
all be nearly of the same height and all 
flower about the same time. But if you 
plant a few in a border or along a fence you 
need not be so particular, as it does not 
make any difference whether they all flower 
at one time or not. 

Plant hyacinths early in October and 
not later than November rst. If planted 
after that the bulbs do not have time to make 
roots before winter sets in. Set the bulbs 
about six inches deep to the bottom of the 
bulbs, and if in beds for effect about six 
inches apart. 

It is a hard matter to select varieties of 
hyacinths, as almost every seedsman has a 
strain of his own. He called them ‘‘Smith’s 
Selected” or “ Jones’s Gigantic,” and so on. 
If, however, you deal with a reliable house, 
don’t be afraid to try these self-named 
strains, as they are merely selections made 
from the best varieties and so named. 


Early planting means better flowers. Compare with 
opposite picture. Darwin tulips 


Plant tulips four inches deep. Note the depth of 
plunging the trowel 


Single hyacinths produce larger and more 
handsome flowers than the double sorts and 
for that reason they are much more used, 
but some people prefer the double sorts. 

Some of the best single varieties are Fabi- 
ola, Gertrude, Lord Macauley and Rose 
Maxima pink and red; Czar Peter, Grand 
Lilac, Grand Maitre and King of the 
Blues blue-flowered; Baroness Van Thuyll, 
La Franchise, La Grandesse and Paix 
De L’Europe are popular whites; while the 
best yellows are King of the Yellows and 
Ida. Among the doubles; Bouquet Tendre 
and Grootworst red; Princess Alexander 
and Noble Par Merite pink; Charles Dick- 
ens and Blockberg light blue; Lord Welling- 
ton and Garrick dark blue. In white 
Bouquet Royal and La Tour d’ Auvergne 
are the best, and Bouquet d’ Orange and 
Jaune Supreme are the best yellows. 

The miniature or Roman hyacinth is 
gaining friends every year. The bulbs are 
much smaller than the Dutch hyacinth, but 
when well grown they throw fine flowering 
shoots. Their culture is the same as recom- 
mended for the Dutch hyacinth, except that 
they are to be planted about four inches deep. 

The feathered hyacinth is beautiful for 
outside work. It is not much of a variety 
for bedding effects, but for planting in clumps 
in rock gardens or flower borders it is 
unsurpassed. Another hyacinth very much 
on the same type as the feathered is the musk 
hyacinth, also useful for planting in clumps, 
in nooks, and corners where it is necessary to 
go to see them, as they are not showy. In 
fact, you would hardly notice them from any 
distance. The grape hyacinth, only four to 
six inches high, with dense small flowers is 
very useful for planting in clumps about the 
border, but is of no value as a bedder. 
Any of these three may well be planted with 
other plants, as after flowering the tops die 
down, and nothing is seen of them until the 
following spring, when they again flower. 
And each year there is a perceptible increase 
in the amount of flowers. Plant in clumps, 
and about three inches deep. 

Anyone fond of formal bedding will make 
no mistake in using tulips, as they havé 
more beautiful, rich colors than any other 
bulbs and are not quite so stiff stemmed as 
the hyacinth, but swing pent with the 
breeze. 


Always firm the soil after planting by pressure of 
the bent fingers around the hole 


Tulips require handling in exactly the 
same manner as Dutch hyacinths, but they 
need not be planted so deeply — four inches 
to the bottom of the bulb is sufficient. But 
when planting in beds, be very careful to get 
all the bulbs at an even depth to insure 
flowering at the same time. Grand effects 
may also be produced by planting in clumps 
in the borders along garden walks, in the 
shrubbery and elsewhere. Always plant one 
variety in a clump; never mix your colors. 

The single tulip is the best for bedding 
purposes. In fact, for all general purposes 
it is better than. the double-flowered type, 
but, as with all flowers, you will find some 
people who prefer a double tulip simply 
because it is double. I often wonder if these 
cranks on double flowers ever stopped to 
admire the beauty of a head of cabbage, 
it is “double” enough and only lacks in 
color what some of our double flowers are. 

The best single white tulip is Joost Van 
Vondel. This is one of the grandest of all 
tulips pure white with very large, pointed 
buds. But don’t confuse it with the rose 
and white variety of the same name. Other 
good whites are White Pottebakker and 
White Hawk. The yellow tulips are very 
popular and justly deserve it, the colors 
being of a clearness hard to find in any 
other flower. Good varieties are Yellow 
Pottebakker, Mon Tresor, Canary Bird and 
Chrysolora. In pink the best is Proserpine, 
a beautiful deep rose-pink and one of the best 
of all tulips. Other good pinks are Pink 
Beauty, Cottage Maid and Rose Grisdelin. 
The best red is Belle Alliance; but Artus, 


These tulips are from bulbs planted a month later 
than those shown to the left 


114 


Scarlet Pottebakker and Rembrandt are 
also good. The best deep red or crimson are 
Dussart, Coleur Cardinal and Crimson King. 
There are also numerous mixed colors in the 
tulips, and some of these are very handsome. 
One of the best and most popular is Keisers- 
kroon, a beautiful red and yellow variety 
with fine, long stems. Joost Van Vondel, 
striped red and white, is also good as are 
Duchesse de Parma, red and yellow; Thomas 
Moore, orange and red; and long-stemmed 
Van Der Neer, a grand dark brownish red 
colored variety. 

In double tulips the best are La Candeur 
and Rose Blanche, white; Helianthus and 
Tournesol, yellow; Imperator Rubrorum, 
Rex Rubrorum and Le Matador, red; and 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


are grand. Never plant in small, round or 
square beds. ‘They are for higher ideals, 
in the flower garden, along the garden walk, 
in clumps in the shrubbery border, on the 
borders of a pond. Plant the bulbs about 
six inches deep and in single colors. 
During the last few years a great number 
of new varieties have been introduced, and 
some of the colors are simply marvelous. 
Just think of tulips as large as your two fists 
and almost black; and then again, of a soft 
rose pink that you would think you could rub 
off with your finger, so delicate it is! The 
range of color in the Darwins is better than 
in any other class of tulip. It is hard to give 
a list of varieties. I have some fifty or more 
myself, all imported, and I cannot find the 


OcToBeER, 1909 


oculata, a crimson and white; and Gesneri- 
ana rosea, a rose variety with black centre. 
Of the other types, Bouton d’Or is a good, 
deep yellow; Greigii, very dark scarlet; 
Blushing Bride, rose and white, one of the 
best. The most curious formed one is 
retroflexa, yellow with the ends of the petals 
turning backward. Picotee is a good white 
with red pencilings; Bizarre is also a good 
mixed variety, yellow and red; and bybloe- 
mens in white with dark lilac pencilings. 
Because of their giddy, highly colored 
flowers the parrot tulips are very popular 
with a great many, and are very serviceable 
as cut flowers. But they are also showy 
along a garden walk or in clumps in a garden 
or shrubbery border, and they remain in 


An ideal location for bulbs. They are best planted irregularly in colonies of one kind and variety. Lilies will be especially welcome here 


the best mixed varieties are Duke of York, 
Titian, Salvator, Tournesol, red and yellow. 

For my own part you may have all the 
early-flowering tulips. I will content myself 
with the later-flowering types, such as the 
May flowering parrots and Darwins. They 
are not bedding varieties — that is, they 
do not produce that heavy, dense effect 
because they are not stiff stemmed and, 
furthermore, they do not want crowding in 
such close. quarters as to make a carpet of 
their flowers. But for all-around purposes 
and for beauty and perfection of bloom they 
are unsurpassed. 

The beautiful Darwins are in a class by 
themselves. They stand up from two to 
three feet on good, strong stems, yet soft 
enough to be graceful, and the flowers are 
very large, being twice the size of the early, 
single tulips. For cut flower purposes they 


names given in any catalogue, not even in 
that of the party from whom they were 
purchased. A few of the varieties generally 
offered and which I know to be good are: 
Salmon King, beautiful salmon pink with 
white base; The Sultan, a deep maroon; 
Clara Butt, fine deep pink; Gretchen, pink; 
Apricot, pink and yellow; Bronze King, 
golden-bronze, very fine; Painted Lady, 
lightest of all, nearly white; and La Candeur, 
a fine white. 

The May-flowering tulips are a very inter- 
esting race, and are excellent for planting in 
borders, gardens, etc. They are not so long- 
stemmed as the Darwins, but are very free- 
flowering and some very odd forms are found 
in this type. They increase very rapidly. 
The Gesneriana type is one of the best, being 
quite similar to the Darwins. Gesneriana 
major is a good scarlet; Gesneriana alba 


flower a long time. The best variety is 
Admiral of Constantinople very dark red; 
Perfecta, another of the same color, only 
lighter; Lutea major is a good red and 
yellow; Café Brun, yellow and brown, is 
liked by many, but Markgraaf is about the 
best of all — brilliant scarlet splashed with 
yellow. 

Everyone should plant a few crocuses if 
only for the inexpensiveness of the bulbs. 
They cost less than one cent each. More- 
over they may be planted on lawns, in 
shrubbery borders and such places, and will 
gradually spread until they cover a large 
area, and they are not troublesome to other 
vegetation as they require no handling, and 
if the tops are cut with the lawn mower it 
does no harm. They flower so very early 
in the spring that they add cheerfulness to 
the most barren spots and it is not infrequent 


OcroBerR. 1909 


Dutch hyacinths will not endure frost; plant early 
as possible 


to see them flowering when a late flurry of 
snow happens along. Plant the bulbs in 
clumps about six inches apart and about 
three inches deep. 

The best white varieties are Mont Blanc 
and Mammoth White. In yellow the best 
are Mammoth Golden Yellow and Cloth of 
Gold; in purple David Rizzio and King of 
the Blues. The best striped sorts are Sir 
Walter Scott and Albion. 

As a subject for naturalizing the narcissus 
is perhaps the best of all the bulbs. All that 
is necessary is the first planting, after that 
they multiply very rapidly. They can be 
used in woodlands, along meadow banks or 
brooks, along garden walks, as a border 
plant — in fact, any nook or corner can be 
improved wonderfully with a planting of 
these beautiful, yet inexpensive, bulbs. 
The small flowering types are best for natur- 
alizing as they multiply faster. The large, 
flowering kinds are used in formal beds to 
some extent, but look better if planted in 
clumps, each variety by itself, in the hardy 
plant border or in spots where they will 
brighten up a shrubbery border. Narcissus 
require planting about the same as a 
hyacinths. Some people do not plant so 
deeply, but I prefer six inches to the bottom 
of the bulb, as I think they are farther away 
from the drought, and this helps them in 
summer when the new bulbs are forming. 
In this way increase is rapid. My favorite 


In the early days of spring the bulbs give welcome 
color to beds and shrubbery 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


of the entire family (and it is a large one) 
is the poet’s narcissus (Narcissus poeticus), 
and no error will be made by using this for 
all kinds of natural plantings. Other 
forms of this are the varieties poetarwm later 
flowering, and ornatus, earlier. The largest of 
the type is var. grandiflorus. All the poet’s 
narcissus are white with crimson centres, very 
short-cupped and very bold in their manner 
of flowering and very fragrant. Other 
short-cupped varieties closely allied to the 
poet’s narcissus are Narcissus biflorus, white 
with yellow cup, and Narcissus Burbidgei, 
white perianth, yellow cup-edged crimson. 

Of the large-flowering kinds there are 
three groups, namely, the large or trumpet 
cupped varieties, the medium-cupped 
varieties, and the doubles. All are very 
useful for cut flowers. 

Among the best of the trumpet all-yellow 
kinds are Golden Spur, Henry Irving, 
Princess, Maximus, Trumpet Major, and 
Emperor. This last one is the largest of 
them all, although Trumpet Major is per- 
haps the most commonly grown. In the 
two-colored section, Empress is my favorite. 
This has a rich yellow trumpet and white 
perianth. Horsfieldi is also a good one of 
the same color. A new variety of this type 
pure white and sure to become very popular 
is Madame De Graaf. 

In the medium-cupped varieties the best 
are conspicuous, simplex, Sir Watkin. 
All clear yellow. Two varieties of this 
group classed as white really have the flowers 
of pale yellow, gradually fading to white. 
These are Leedsii, and Leedsii Mrs. Langtry, 
an improvement on the former. 

Of the two-colored varieties the ‘‘surest 
to grow”’ are Queen Bess and Stella. Both 
having white perianth and yellow cup. 

The best of all the doubles is Van Sion, a 
good clear yellow. Alba plena odorata is a 
good white. For a mixture get incompara- 
bilis plena, yellow and deep orange. Orange 
Pheenix, is white and orange; Sulphur Phee- 
nix, pale creamy white with orange centre. 

Because of their delicate odor and rich 
deep color the jonquils are justly popular, 
and may be used/for any of the purposes 
recommended for other narcissi. The best 
single yellows are Campernelle and Single 
Sweet Scented, and of doubles, Double 
Sweet Scented and Rugulosus. 

Of all the bulbs to be planted now the 
lilies give the largest and most showy flowers, 
yet how seldom we see them planted suf- 
ficiently these days. ‘They fit into all kinds 
of situations: beneath pergolas, along 
shrubbery borders —in fact, wherever you 
plant a lily the place is improved just so 
much. Hardy lilies of the Japanese type, 
which include some of the finest varieties, 
cannot be delivered until late in November, 
but the ground can be prepared now, cover- 
ing it with leaves or litter to prevent freezing. 
The lies can then be successfully planted 
whenever they are received. 

There are a vast number of lilies suitable 
for use in the open ground, and it would take 
a small-sized book to describe them. I give, 
therefore only a general description of some 
of the very best. 


115 


Tulips for bedding must be of even weight, size, 
carefully selected and planted uniformly 


The most gorgeous of all lilies is the 
golden-banded (L. auratum). This is a 
grand flower and every person fond of 
flowers should make an effort to plant at 
least a few bulbs of this lily. The flowers 
are enormous, nearly a foot across, each 
petal having a heavy golden-yellow stripe 
down the middle besides numerous crimson 
spots. Most reliable are the varieties of the 
speciosum type, which are commonly offered 
in catalogues as album (white), rubrum (rose 
colored with crimson spots), and Melpomene 
(white with crimson spots). 

Probably ‘he varieties of L. elegans are the 
most generally useful all-around hardy lilies. 
The flowers are erect. I recommend the 
following varieties: erectum, orange with 
red markings; atrosanguinea, deep crimson; 
grandiflora, yellow; and aurantiacum, yel- 
low with dark brown markings. The 
pretty Annunciation lily (L. candidum), 
illustrated in last month’s GARDEN Maca- 
ZINE, is a beautiful lily for outside planting, 


The smaller bulbs, crocus, snowdops, and scillas 
must be in colonies to give effect 


116 


and I cannot realize why it is not more used 
but it simply must be planted early. With 
very little protection the large trumpet or 
Easter lily (L. Jongiflorum) can also be grown 
out-of-doors. The small tiger lily (L. t¢grin- 
um) is also very effective, but some folks 
like the double form. Both are good, and the 
cheapest, of all the lilies, and they multiply 
very rapidly. The same can be said of the 
native wood lily, L. Canadense, varying 
from yellow to red. 

Lilium Henryi with very bright yellow, 
brown-spotted flowers, is one of the most 
desirable of the newer kinds. It is absolutely 
hardy and increases freely. Although this 
will cost you a trifle more than the most com- 
mon lilies, it is well worth the money. Just 
think of having lilies six feet tall crowned 
with eight or more expanded flowers! 

Ground for lilies should be made moder- 
ately rich and dry to a depth of two feet, as 
they are deeper rooted than most bulbs. 
Plant the bulbs about one foot deep. Some 
people claim this is too deep, but I have 
tried it nearly every depth and the ones I 
planted twelve inches deep gave the best 
satisfaction. Excessive rainfall must not 
get at lily bulbs until they are fairly well 
rooted. If your ground does not drain any 
too well, place tar paper or something of 
that description over the ground where the 
bulbs are planted. 

The crown imperial (Fritillaria imperialis) 
is useful for placing about rock gardens, in 
clumps. It also does well in moderate shade. 
The bulbs should be planted about four 
inches deep. Don’t scatter them around. 
The flowers are red and yellow and are rather 
attractive, borne at the top of a stalk two 
to three feet high and crowned by a rosette 
of leaves. The guinea hen flower (’ritillaria 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Meleagris) only a few inches high should be 
used in the same manner. The colors are very 
odd, some being dark green with purple 
spots; nearly all the varieties are mottled or 
spotted. The flowers of these fritillarias are 
pendant and come in early spring. 

October is the month to plant lily of the 
valley clumps for naturalizing in woodlands 
or for effect in the garden. ‘They are also 
excellent in a shrubbery border as their 


foliage helps to hide the bareness of the. 


ground, irrespective of their effectiveness in 
spring when in flower. Plant the clumps 
about one foot apart, just leaving the points 
of the pips exposed. Cover them a trifle 
the first winter, and they will grow in one 
solid mass. I have planted them with hardy 
ferns and they are very satisfactory, as they 
form a carpet of grass beneath the ferns and 
the ferns do not hide their grand show of 
flowers in early spring, as they are then just 
showing their soft velvety fronds. 

Because of their early flowering, ofttimes 
before the snow has left the ground, snow- 
drops are attractive. Plant in clumps, and 
about three inches deep. The clumps will 
keep increasing in size. Although not very 
striking their little white bells are rather 
attractive. They are very free-flowering 
and the bulbs are cheap enough for any- 
one, costing less than one cent each. They 
look well when mixed with crocus, scillas, 
or any of the early spring bulbs. 

Another very early spring-flowering bulb 
is the little blue-flowered scilla. It is used 
a great deal in rock gardens, as it can grow 
and prosper on a spoonful of soil. Planted 
in clumps and about four inches deep. 
They are very hardy and require absolutely 
no protection. They will also do well in 
shaded situations. The most common one 


OcTosBeER, 1909 


is the Siberian (S. Sibirica). S. campanu- 
lata is larger, like a hyacinth, and can be had 
in three shades — rose, white and blue. 

One of the most neglected of all bulbous 
plants and one that is really worth some 
attention, is the wood lily (Trillium grandi- 
jlorum). There are very few locations where 
trilliums won’t thrive; they are not particular, 
although they do best in a shaded, rather 
moist location. The bulbs should be planted 
about three inches deep and in clumps. 
They are very hardy and require no protec- 
tion. They do not increase rapidly, but 
are worthy of a trial, as their pretty white 
flowers, which gradually change to intense 
pink, are very attractive. : 

Some of the irises — those that are truly 
bulbous — can be planted at this time, but 
they will require a little protection. If well 
cared for they soon grow into large clumps. 
The English and Spanish irises are both 
bulbous and they are both effective when — 
planted in clumps along a garden walk or 
in the rock garden. The bulbs should be 
planted about three inches deep. 

A good shade bulb is the autumn-flower- 
ing crocus (Colchicum autumnale). It does 
well under the shade of trees and such places 
where other things fail. They are several 
colors .and the flowers appear in early fall, 
when flowers are rather a scarcity. The 
bulbs should be planted now in clumps a 
few inches apart and about three inches deep. 

The Glory of the Snow (C/ionodoxa 
Lucilig) is a pretty little early spring flower, 
which is very hardy and is well adapted for 
naturalizing in the wild garden or in the 
rock garden. Plant in clumps a few inches 
apart and about three inches deep. All 
the kinds are blue and there is little to 
choose between them. 


Conn- 


Little Bulbs for Little Purses—By Benjamin Goodrich, o. 


EARLY SPRING FLOWERS FOR THE AMATEUR WHO HAS NOT ACCOMMODATION FOR THE 
LARGER TULIPS, DAFFODILS “AND HYACINTHS— THEY COST BUT A FEW CENTS A HUNDRED 


HE gospel of planting small bulbs by 
_the thousand has been preached until 
surely every flower amateur has the grounds 
of his castle in the air fairly swept by great 
springtime waves of blue, of gold and of 
white. 

Now it is all very beautiful to dream of 
myriads upon myriads of “‘flowers star- 
scattered in the. grass,” but why not have 
just a little of the reality? It is yours for 
a price so small that you would be ashamed 
to balance it with the result in the way of 
sweet surprises at the time of the year when 
the call of the garden comes. 

Were it not for my own observation I 
should feel that I were harping on the per- 
fectly obvious, but, as a plain matter of fact, 
within my own range of experience no one 
excepting myself is taking advantage of one 
of the most delightful of springtime oppor- 
tunities and having a small taste of the suc- 
cession of little hardy bulbs in the borders. 
All begin and end with the crocus, or come 


so near to it that in one settlement of nearly 
three thousand people I doubt if I could find 
the snowdrop or the scilla in half a dozen 
gardens. If that is true in this one com- 
munity, it is safe to say that it is at least 


Glory-ot-the-Snow (Chionodoxa Luciliw) has star- 
like flowers of pure blue, a welcome color 


approximately true in no end of others. 
Why? Simply because of lack of thought 
at the right moment. 

This much has thought done for me; 
from the eleventh of February until early 
July my hardy borders have not been one 
day without their pleasure from the little 
bulbs that I planted last autumn and the 
year before, where previously I, too, had 
been content with the crocus. It was the 
snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis), which ac- 
tually blossomed in the snow, that began 
it. Time was when this flower was tolerably 
common, and it ought to be restored to every 
garden. As with all small hardy bulbs, I 
plant snowdrops in small clumps near the 
edge of the borders, but scattered irregularly, 
and let them thereafter take care of them- 
selves. They can be bought for fifteen 
cents the dozen or seventy-five cents the 
hundred; I am not talking in thousands, 
which are not for little purses. 

The squill, Scilla Sibirica, too, should be in 


OcrozER, 1909 


every garden, and at eighteen cents the dozen 
or one dollar and fifteen cents the hundred all 
can affordit. The snowdrop has hard work 
to steal a march on it, and for a charming 
contrast let the two sometimes blossom side 
by side. Even six bulbs make a spot of rich 
blue that will attract the attention of the 
passer-by. Scillas spread rapidly if allowed 
to go to seed; I know of one colony that, 
started with a few bulbs, is now three by 
six feet, completely covering a space that 
later is thick with lilies-of-the-valley and 
“escaping” into the grass on the other side 
of the walk. 

Being full of the missionary spirit, I always 
pass on some of my “‘new things.” So it 
happened that a few of my bulbs of ‘“‘glory- 
of-the-snow”’ (Chionodoxa Luciliae) were 
planted under the window of a neighbor who 
knew not this lovely blue star-flower with the 
white eye, and I am told that the first glimpse 


St. Brigid anemones, in a variety of colors, need 
shade and coolness at the roots 


of the blossoms, from within, gave the 
rarest of pleasures. The ‘‘glory-of-the- 
snow,”’ which costs fifteen cents the dozen, 
and a dollar the hundred, also seeds freely. 
Though it does not come next in the order 
of blooming, I cannot wait longer to speak 
of Milla uniflora, sometimes called Mexican 
star-flower. Its grayish green, grass-like 
leaves seem its all when, without having 
realized that it has budded, you will suddenly 
come across, some spring morning, the 
daintiest single blossom of white with a band 
of faint lilac —a blossom fit for fairyland. 
One authority questions its hardiness, but 
it has stood two New England winters with 
practically no protection. ‘Twenty-five cents 
will buy a dozen, and seventy-five cents a 
fullhundred. A violet variety (var. violacea) 
costs only a trifle more. The proper name 
appears to be Triteleia, but Milla is much 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


easier to say, and it goes with the catalogue 
men. 

Then there is the wood hyacinth, which 
grows wild in England, butis rarely seen here, 
though one of the most beautiful of spring 
flowers. If I could only have one I should 
prefer the white variety. The more familiar 
blue is, however, highly desirable, as it 
comes later than the other small bulbs of 
the same color, blooming in June. In form 
it somewhat resembles the Roman hyacinth, 
but the bells are much slimmer. I know of 
no small bulb that seeds more freely, one 
stalk producing fifty seeds or so. While 
the wood hyacinth is usually catalogued 
as Scilla nonscripta or S. nutans, it is proper- 
ly S. festalis, according to the newest lights. 
The price is fifteen cents the dozen, and a 
dollar a hundred for the blue and twenty cents 
and a dollar and a quarter for the white. S. 
Hispanica, or campanulata, is larger. 

Year before last I planted a dozen St. 
Brigid’s anemone in a rather dry spot with 
no result but some pretty leaves the first spring 
and two blossoms the next. A dozen that 
I planted last autumn, however, gave me such 
glorious scarlet, purple and cerise flowers 
as I have not seen since I was in England 
and France; they were the wonder of the 
neighborhood. I put them under some rose 
bushes, on the sunny side. Anemones are not 
exactly bulbous, but I must put them in that 
class to get in the desired word. ‘They cost 
fifty cents the dozen for improved varieties. 

Golden garlic (Allium Moly), is another 
small bulb worthy of general adoption into 
the garden. Its clear, rich, yellow comes in 
June and laps over into July. It increases 
rapidly by offshoots. By the dozen the 
bulbs are fifteen cents and by the hundred 
seventy-five cents. It is perfeetly hardy in 
both central and western Connecticut. 

The grape hyacinth I plant in both blue 
and white. The latter is exquisite, and 
costs only a little more than the blue — 
twenty cents the dozen and one dollar and 
forty cents the hundred. 

Crocuses, at less than a cent apiece, 
should be let into the hardy border only in 
good-sized splashes of a single color; no rows. 
The same with Spanish iris (J. Xiphium), 
which can be had as low as fifteen cents 
the dozen and seventy-five cents the hun- 
dred, and English iris (I. Anglica), of which 
the charming white Mont Blanc is thirty 
cents the dozen, and one dollar and seventy- 
five cents the hundred. Neither, however, 
should be simply put underground. Both 
need thought. For the Spanish an English 
writer recommends a “‘sunny, dry spot 
where the soil is a moderately light but not 
too sandy loam,” and for the English 
“‘dampest, but unshaded situation, prefer- 
ably a black vegetable mold rich in humus, 
and supply moisture before blooming.” 

Of the small tulips, the ‘lady tulip’’ 
(Tulipa Clusiana), red with a white stripe, 
is the only expensive small bulb. It costs 
from fifty cents to a dollar and a quarter a 
dozen, but is worth it. Tulipa sylvestris, 
or Florentina of the catalogues at thirty 
cents a dozen, gives a _ good _ yellow. 
Polyanthus narcissus, thirty cents the dozen, 


The wood hyacinth (Scilla festalis or nutuns) blooms 
in June. Give deep, open soil 


and a dollar and a half the hundred in mix- 
ture, is also attractive. It is hardy only in the 
warmer sections. The new “Poetaz’’ varie- 
ties are hardier, even enduring in the North. 
My failures are the queer little Guinea 
hen flower (Fritillaria Meleagris), thirty- 
five cents the dozen, one dollar and a half 
the hundred; the Grecian windflower 
(Anemone blanda), twenty cents and a 
dollar and a half, and the winter aconite 
(Eranthis hyemalis), twenty-five cents and 
a dollar and a half, due no doubt, to lack 
of study of proper conditions. Robinson 
says that the winter aconite “should not be 
grown in the garden, but in shrubberies 
copses, or woods where the soil suits it.” 
In Germantown, Pa., however, I saw it 
blooming well on the first day of March 
close to the foundation stones of a house. 


The guinea hen flower (Frifillavia Meleagris) has curi- 
ously mottled flowers. Give gritty, open soil 


Harvard 


How to Plant the Hardy Border in Fall—By Robert Cameron, sui?¢40s 


THIS IS THE IDEAL SEASON FOR SETTING OUT A PERMANENT BORDER THAT WILL GIVE FLOWERS IN 
CONSTANT SUCCESSION ALL NEXT YEAR AND LEND A TOUCH OF COMPLETENESS TO. YOUR GARDEN 


ROM the earliest days of next spring 
until late in November you can have 
a continuous show of blossoms from a hardy 
border planted now. In fact, with a good 
selection of plants and a good position one 
may have flowers ten months of the year out- 
of-doors. And by attention to arrangement, 
distributing the things that flower at the 
same time, you can have a good effect all 
through the year. The great charm of such 
a border is its changeableness. One has not 
to look at the same picture for more than one 
week, and sometimes for not more than 
one day. 

Many people, and often those that ought 
to know better, have their doubts about a 
border planted in the fall giving satisfaction 
in the first spring. My answer is to pre- 
sent the two accompanying photographs, 
of a border which was planted last October 
(just a year ago); the pictures being taken in 
April and May of this year. Could the heart 
wish for a greater show of flowers? You, too, 
can have such a border if you will read 
carefully the following directions: 


LOCATION AND BACKGROUND 


Almost any location will do if it is not too 
shady. Try to get a location away from 
large trees, so that their roots will not rob 
the plants in the border of their food. If 
possible, try to have a background of shrub- 
bery because it makes such a fine setting. 

The outline of the border is not so very 
important and can be laid to fit the place 
or situation where the border is to be planted. 
An irregular or sinuous line is most pleas- 
ing, especially on a large space. 


SOIL AND PREPARATION 


If there have been any other plants grow- 
ing on the piece of land they must all be 
lifted and all weeds cleaned off. Then 
thoroughly dig or trench the ground, mixing 
in well-rotted stable manure. It is impor- 
tant to make the soil rich at this time so that 
it will not require much feeding afterward 
for four or five years. In trenching, the 
ground is completely turned over to the depth 
of eighteen inches or two feet, and a 
liberal supply of manure is worked into the 
soil during the operation, it having been 
spread over the surface first of all. A six- 
inch layer may be thus turned under. 
Turning the soil to the depth. suggested 
gives a good opportunity to remove all weeds 
and other obnoxious things. Great impor- 
tance should be paid to the preparation of 
the soil, as many of the plants are very 
impatient of frequent disturbing. In fact, 
many of them do not attain their full vigor 
for two or three years after planting. 


ARRANGEMENT AND COLOR SCHEME 


The success of a border largely depends 
on giving thought and consideration toward 


pleasing color effects. Many times good 
material is useless in borders either from 
ignorance or lack of forethought. There- 
fore in planting the border we must give 
particular attention to the colors of the 
flowers of the plants we are using. 


SIZE OF THE MASSES 


If the garden be small, and the whole of 
the grounds on a small scale, the border 
and the flower masses should also be on a 
small scale. Bold planting is always the 
best, and plants should be grouped in num- 
bers of the same kind varying in quantity 
according to the size of the border. The 
masses of plants can be repeated at intervals 


if desired, but parallel lines should be 
avoided as far as possible. 


HOW TO ARRANGE THE PLANTS 


Try to get the tallest plants near the back 
of the border, and be careful not to get 
plants of the same height to follow one 
another, as an uneven line is much more 
pleasing when the plants are full-grown. 
Use the smaller plants more in the front of 
the border where they will not have to 
struggle with the larger growing kinds. In 
such a position they have a better opportun- 
ity to get sufficient light. 

Plant all the herbaceous plants first; when 
you have done that, carefully, and in the 


April results from October planting. Plant now all kinds of bulbs and herbaceous plants and have 
flowers all next year. (Compare with picture on next page) 


118 


a 


OcTroBeER, 1909 


spaces between the herbaceous perennials, 
plant the bulbs, labelling each kind as you 
go along. This will let you know exactly 
what kinds you have used. 

Set out the plants in the back line about 
four feet apart, and the rows of plants 
about three feet apart. In the back lines 
between the plants I use the following bulbs 
for spring effects: Tulips, twelve or fif- 
teen in a colony; narcissus, twelve in a clump; 
while of fritillarias, four bulbs make a good 
mass. In the front rows I plant scillas, 
glory-of-the-snow, crocuses, snowdrops, and 
grape hyacinths. To get effective masses 
of the low-growing kinds, takes about fifty 
bulbs in each colony. 

When the plants and bulbs are ail up above 
the ground, about the beginning of May, 
I fill in all vacant spaces with forget-me-nots, 
English daisies, tufted pansies, and Silene 
pendula, thus carpeting the ground com- 
pletely, and making, I think, a most beau- 
tiful effect of richness. 


é Sg w : 


EE AST 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Plant the early tulips in the back rows, 
as they will be in bloom before the tall, her- 
baceous plants are high enough to hide their 
flowers. The best kinds for this work are 
Artus (bright scarlet), La Belle Alliance 
(rich scarlet), Yellow Prince (yellow), La 
Precieuse (white), Joost van Vondel (crim- 
son and white), Duchesse de Parma (red, 
yellow border), and Chrysolora (pure yellow). 

The Darwin tulips and late summer 
flowering kinds are planted nearer the 
front than the early tulips, as they bloom 
later, and their flowers will show off better 
among the low-growing plants. A few good 
Darwin tulips are Clara Butt (rosy pink), 
Galatea, Glory (brilliant scarlet), Gretchen 
(shaded rose), Harry Veitch, Isis, Kate 
Greenaway (white, shaded lilac), Madame 
Krelage, Mr. Francombe Sanders (brilliant 
scarlet), Mrs. Cleveland, Queen Wilhelmina, 
Psyche, Sierard Van Flora, and Torch. The 
following Cottage or late May flowering tulips 
do well in the border: Bouton d’Or (pure, 


Sah Ay | 


i A uy 


May results from October planting. The early bulbs gone, late tulips in full flower and herbaceous 
plants coming along finely to give flowers all summer 


119 


deep yellow), fulgens, Gesneriana (scarlet), 
Golden Crown (deep yellow, edged red), 
Isabella or Shandon Bells (rose and white), 
Picotee (white, rose edge), La Candeur 
(pure white), and Dame Elegante. All 
kinds of narcissus may be used in the border, 
and are most pleasing. 


EARLY FLOWERING PERENNIALS 


For early flowering effects the following 
hardy perennials are good: Gold tuft (Alys- 
sum saxatile), columbine (Aquilegia cwrulea, 
chrysantha, glandulosa, and Stuarti), Rock 
cress (Arabis albida), creeping phlox, (Phlox 
procumbens and subulata are good dwarf 
plants); Jacob’s ladder (Polemonum reptans 
and c@ruleum), especially valuable for blue 
flowers. The best of the veronicas are 
V.rupestris, gentianoides, incana, paniculata, 
and Jatifolia. The most reliable pentste- 
mons, or beard tongues, are P. Digitalis, 
diffusus, ovatus, barbatus, var. Torreyt. 
Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum roseum) is very 
good. Bush clematis (Clematis recta) is 
excellent for white. Sweet William (Dian- 
thus barbatus) and many other kinds are 
good. Bellflowers and larkspurs are indis- 
pensable; Bleeding heart (Dicentra specta- 
bilis) is one of the most pleasing plants in 
early summer. Peonies in all their forms 
are good. Oriental poppies and Iceland 
poppies grow well in the border, and many 
kinds of irises, German and Japanese. 


LATE-FLOWERING PERENNIALS 


For late-flowering kinds I recommend 
these: Monk’s hood (Aconitum autumnale 
and Napellus), the Japanese windflower 
(Anemone Japonica and its varieties), 
shrubby asters (Aster Nove-Anglig, am- 
ellus and Shortii), Chinese bellflower (Platy- 
codon grandiflora), false chamomile (Boltonia 
latisquama), plume poppy (Bocconia cordata), 
tick-seed (Coreopsis grandiflora), sneeze- 
wort (Helenium autumnale and Hoopsii, 
ox-eye (Chrysanthemum uliginosum) cone 


flower (Rudbeckia speciosa, and subtomentosa),’ 


and Golden Glow. Stone crop (Sedum 
spectabile), lilies and many others can be 
added to this short list. 


ANNUALS AS FILLERS 


There are many annuals which blend 
very pleasingly with the perennials, and 
may be used during the summer for filling 
up vacancies. After the bulbous plants 
have ripened their foliage shallow rooting 
annuals are_used to fill up the bare spots. 


WINTER PROTECTION 


A border that is planted in the fall needs 
some protection in the winter to keep the 
plants from heaving from frost. Leaves 
of deciduous trees, pine leaves, and hay are 
all good for protection. The protection need 
not be applied until the ground is well 
frozen, say about the first week in Decem- 
ber; nor need the covering be very thick — 
two or three inches is enough to prevent 
alternate freezing and thawing, by which 
the plants are thrown out of the ground. 
Remove the covering in the spring, just as 
soon as the weather will permit. 


Two-story Effects in the Bulb Garden—By Sherman R. Duffy, ts 


HARMONIOUS COMBINATION SCHEMES FOR SMALL GARDENS WHERE DUTCH BULBS AND THE 
-HARDY PERENNIALS MUST BE PLANTED TOGETHER FOR A CONTINUOUS SUCCESSION OF FLOWERS 


BOR the best effects, the proper way to 

grow bulbs is in a bulb garden and 
perennials in a perennial border. But if 
the prospect of the imposition of an income 
tax doesn’t even cause a passing tremor, 
and your one small garden is all the garden 
you have, then it is eminently proper to put 
on your thinking cap and old clothes, take 
up the shovel and the hoe, and attack the 
problem declared to be impossible by 
physicists, of making two things occupy 
the same place at the same time — or as 
close to it as may be. 

One of my gardening associates takes 
a vicious delight in early spring in making 
a close scrutiny of my garden for some of 
my ‘‘two-story” effects — these being cases 
where by some miscalculation I have 
planted some perennial directly on top of 
bulbs and the bulbs make noble efforts 
to hoist the top story plants out of the 
ground to get through to light and _ air. 
Through a mistake of this kind I was 
forced two years ago to pull up a fine lot 
of Shasta daisies in order to let through a 
bed of hyacinths. 

Bulb planting is my long suit in the gar- 
dening line. I have planted bulbs every fall 
for twenty-five years, and still have the habit. 
I’ve dug tulips by the bushel and planted 
them by the bushel, with the result that there 
are tulip bulbs all over the place. Some in 
admirable plantings and some in most fiend- 
ish color jamborees. But quiet is being 
restored, and I have hopes by another spring 
to have an orderly and harmonious tulip 
planting. To be truthful, I am rather 
swamped with tulips, so they are being 
moved into the grapevines and into odd 
corners among the currant bushes, to fur- 
nish material for bouquets. 


SORTING OUT THE TULIPS 


The man who first invented tulip mix- 
tures I regard as a reprehensible character 
and an undesirable citizen. My first stock 
of tulips came in four mixtures — single 
early, double early, single late, and double 
late. Conducting an annual unmixing is 
an arduous undertaking, but they are grad- 
ually becoming segregated and capable of 
being employed for the best effect. 

Parrots, Darwins, and byblooms and 
bizarres I prefer mixed because all the 
Darwins seem to tone into each other and 
harmonize, and the variegated ones cannot 
compose anything but a variegated mass, 
so the more the merrier. 

Each year I have added to my collection 
some tulips new to me, so that I now have 
something like forty or fifty varieties of 
Darwins and a similar number of the so- 
called cottage tulips and a fine variety of 
byblooms. As I haven’t room to grow all 
kinds of tulips I have very few of the 
bizarres or, as the children call them, 


The mourning iris (. Susiand), dark brown mark- 
ings on gray,is grown by lifting in summer and 
re-planting each fall. It wants a dry situation 


“nigger” tulip, because all mine are of 
dark complexions with dashes of yellow. 

Of daffodils, I have something like fifty- 
five varieties, and of lilies eight. In addition 
to these, grape hyacinths, Spanish iris, 
crocus, scillas, and the omnipresent star 
of Bethlehem compose my stock of bulbous 
plants—a varied selection. 

For the accommodation of these bulbs I 
have two long borders, one eighty by six feet, 
and the other something like 200 feet long, 
varying from twelve to six wide. Besides 
this, I have one tulip bed 34x 24 ft. in 
dimensions. 

The one bad characteristic of the spring 
bulbs from a practical gardening stand- 
point is that the leaves don’t disappear at 
the same time as the flowers, but insist on 
hanging around where they aren’t wanted 
for a month or over after the flowers are gone. 
Having one day a week to devote to gar- 
dening, the garden necessarily is devoted to 
bulbs and perennials. But what chance 
have the perennials with all the bulbs? 
That is the problem that is in process of 
solution and I can report progress. 

Narcissus planting comes first because these 
bulbs do best for me when given a long 
season in which to make their root growth. 
They are fairly easy to handle when properly 
approached. Making an erect growth until 
after the blooming season it is possible to 
plant some few plants among them success- 


120 


fully, and of all the trials I have made the 
later, taller growing lilies, such as auratum, 
superbum, tigrinum and MHansoni, do 
excellently. 


LILIES, FERNS, AND DAFFODILS 


In replanting and arranging my daffodils 
they have been placed in groups ranging 
from 100 to 12 near the edge of the bor- 
der, shaping the group so that perennials 
may be planted in front and at the sides of 
the group in order to conceal the dying 
foliage. For instance, the most successful 
daffodil planting I have yet hit upon for 
an all-season scheme is-as follows: With 
a background of six clumps of a tall-growing 
fern I moved from the woods I have one 
hundred Emperor daffodils, with twenty- 
five auratum lilies interspersed among them. 
In front of the daffodils which are planted 
in a group of four deep in the narrowest 
place, and six in the widest, I have planted 
peach-leaved bellflowers, and in front of the 
bellflowers pale yellow primroses. |. « 

First come daffodils and primroses. Then 
the ferns begin to send up their woolly 
crosiers and the auratum lilies send up their 
aggressive spikes, and along in late May 
and early June the bellflowers, with spikes 
two feet high, make a fine show and hide the 
daffodils flopping over in disorde~ed con- 
fusion. Clipping the seed pods and water- 
ing the the bellflowers with manure water 
starts a fresh crop of blossoms and by the 
time they are ready to cut down the daffodils 
have nearly all died down, the ferns are 
luxuriant, and the auratum lilies have got up 
in the air some distance. 


NARCISSUS WITH FOXGLOVES OR PHLOX 


One of my pet groups of narcissus con- 
sists of some of the flat cup hybrids. They 
were mixed seedlings, and among them are 
some beauties. They are the most florifer- 
ous of all my narcissi. They have as a 
background foxgloves, and are likewise 
planted in an irregular rather narrow group. 
In front there is a border of dwarf white 
astilbe and between the dwarf astilbe and 
the daffodils pink spirea which springs up and 
hides the daffodils, while the foxglove spires 
rise at the back of the border. It is slow 
work figuring out these combinations, but 
once arranged to your own satisfaction, they 
furnish one of the real joys of gardening. 
I don’t like to copy book designs. I prefer 
my own, as it is no trick at all to copy designs 
drawn to scale. 

Another narcissus arrangement that is 
particularly satisfactory to me came by 
accident. Some seedling Phlox divaricata 
took up a claim on the ground occupied by 
a group of Mrs. Langtry narcissus. They 
bloomed together this spring, the narcissus 
a little in advance of the phlox. I never 
appreciated the delicate beauty of either so 


OcTOBER, 1909 


much as when thus associated. That phlox 
proved its claim and is permanently located. 
I am moving some of the later Leedsi nar- 
cissus, such as Lady McCalmont, a glorious 
flower, and more phlox into this group. 
This planting is backed by Chinese lark- 
spur and some of the tall English larkspurs, 
if they escape the blight which destroyed 
a number of them. 

Barri conspicuous, quite the best general 
all-around sure bloomer of the daffodils I 
know, with a border of the lavender and 
blue denticulate hybrid primroses, makes a 
charming picture with platycodons to bloom 
later. 


THE PROBLEM OF THE TULIPS 


In fact, the daffodils lend themselves quite 
easily to concealment after their day is over. 
But the tulips are still furnishing plenty of 
gardening mathematics. While narcissus 
leaves fall over prone upon the ground with 
a little persuasion, tulips remain erect, 
aggressive, and thoroughly disreputable until 
they are all done. More vigorous growing 
perennials are necessary to cover them, 
and there is no use trying to plant anything 
among them that I know of. 

Part of the tulips were planted in narrow 
groups like the narcissus grouped accord- 
ing to color. The plan worked well. The 
tulips made a fine show, and the same 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


system is to be continued this fall. I am 
using phlox, physostegia, lychnis, evening 
primrose, coreopsis, and other taller grow- 
ing perennials to hide the tulip groups. 

The Darwins need more room than the 
early tulips, as they make a more vigorous 
growth, and some smaller growing plants 
can be planted among them safely. I find 
double arabis is particularly neat with them. 
Shasta daisies follow closely, and make such a 
fine- display that the shabbiness of the Dar- 
wins is partially lost sight of. Some of 
the new Darwins and late tulips I tried last 
year were the finest I ever saw. ‘The two 
best newcomers I had were Inglescombe 
Pink and Mrs. Moon, two glorious tulips. A 
new introduction, Tulipa Tubergeniana, did 
not bloom although making a strong leaf. 

Some rose and violet byblooms, the first 
named ones I ever found catalogued, in 
the lists I have had at hand, were magnif- 
icent. I wish more varieties were listed by 
American firms. The best new daffodils 
I tried were Lady McCalmont and a gor- 
geous yellow trumpet, Shakespeare. 


BULBS IN THE GRASS 


Smaller bulbs, such as crocus, scillas, and 
star of Bethlehem, go into the grass in con- 
venient spots. Spanish iris I have planted 
in a long strip on the edge of the border 
and seeded to sweet alyssum. 


121 


Anemone coronaria is so cheap that I plant 
at least a dozen bulbs every fall just to take 
the chance of getting two or three blossoms. 
I never succeeded in getting more than four 
from a dozen, but they were worth the price. 
I have succeeded best in planting the 
anemones among the early tulips. They 
send up leaves in the fall and then I set a 
box over them. The tulips seem to afford 
a needed shade for the roots and the bright 
sun brings up the flowering stem. They 
seem to be hardy enough, but for some 
reason or other only a limited number ever 
blossom for me. I have never succeeded 
with them in the shade. 

And now for the one freak of my bulb 
planting. When I was a youngster the vil- 
lage hearse had a sinister attraction for me. 
It had six peculiar looking three-cornered 
affairs on its top, three on each side. They 
were originally black, but weather-beaten 
to a gray. I was told they were fleur-de-lis 
which, it was explained to me, was a flower. 
I know now what those hearse flowers were. 
They were Jris Susiana. This grand, 
gloomy, and peculiar iris, while not strictly 
speaking a bulb but a rhizome, grows for me 
very kindly on a sandy south slope. I have 
had it four years. It dies down about the 
same time as the tulips, and I take it up and 
pack it away in dry soil until late fall, for 
it is ever ambitious to make a fall growth. 


Mixing the bulbs and the herbaceous perennials affords abundant opportunities for the amateur to think out new and harmonious combinations 


Taking October by the Forelock—by H. §. Adams, ‘2 


A HALF DOZEN EASY-TO-MOVE OLD FAVORITES THAT EVERY GARDEN MUST HAVE— 
EARLY BLOOMING PLANTS THAT ARE BEST MOVED IN FALL TO GAIN A YEAR’S TIME 


Met growers of flowers are mere 
potterers. They let their enthusi- 
asm come into being in May, when it 
should be full three months old, and 
“‘incontinently perish”’ with the ‘‘dog days.” 
By September they are quite satisfied to 
gaze on the waning glory of the garden 
and stave off havoc of the early frosts 
as best they may. 

Now late September is a very proper time 
for satisfaction and all that, but it is also a 
very proper time for a lot of tall thinking. 
For a garden worth the name is never 
finished; and this happens to be a particu- 
larly good month in which to plan things 
and to do things against a spring that is 
coming as sure as fate. 

There is that old-fashioned garden of 
yours that you started —and finished — 
this year. That needs your concentrated 
thought, and effort, right now. Some 
things you could not plant in the spring; 
you can plant them in September and Octo- 
ber. Set about it before you lose a year. 


PRIMROSES AND COWSLIPS 


Last spring you were fascinated by those 
hardy primulas that you saw in a neighbor’s 
garden that was thoughtfully allowed to have 
late April and early May in its calendar, as 
was always the custom in days long gone by. 
Of course, you were going ‘‘to have some of 
those,”’ and, also of course, you have taken 
it out in “‘going to”; and when next spring 
comes along you will be making precisely 
the same remark, that sounds like a resolu- 


The old red peony (P. officinalis), Howering in May, 
has rich dark crimson flowers 


Crown imperials, in spite of the onion odor, are 
indispensable. Flower reddish orange 


tion, but has dwindled into a mere observa- 
tion. If your neighbor cannot spare a root 
or two, look around for the real old gardens 
where they have flourished since the colonists 
brought the original stock from England, 
Should you find none you will doubtless come 
across other hardy plants that may be had 
for the asking. Hardy primulas may be 
moved any time in September, but the earlier 
the better; and if the clumps are fairly 
large several plants may be made by separa- 
tion — taking the crowns and pulling them 
apart by a sidewise motion so as not to 
break the tangled roots. Both the polyan- 
thus (Primula polyantha) and the cowslip, or 
“sweet keys” (Primula veris) are to be 
found in old gardens, though in some locali- 
ties they have nearly run out. If you do not 
care for the association buy some plants now, 
rather than in the spring — when thé chances 
are that you will put it off so late that you 
will lose a year’s precious flowering. You 
can get a dozen of the common cowslip as 
low as a dollar, and the improved variety 
(var. superba) for a dollar and a half, which 
is also the price of polyanthus. 


BLEEDING HEART 


Then there is that bleeding heart that 
was in your mind when you saw it in bloom 
last May. Among old-fashioned folk it is 
an event in the family when this ‘seal 
flower” is disturbed, and I know of one 
dame of the long ago who would not even 
allow a flower to be picked, so ‘“‘choice” 
was she of it. By casting about a bit, 


122 


however, you may be able to find someone 
who will be glad to give you a root, ifit can 
be possibly spared; there are, happily, few 
miser’s gardens. Bleeding heart is better 
lifted in the fall because it makes an early 
start in the spring, and for the same reason 
it is wiser to buy it in September if it must 
be purchased — always the last resort in an 
old-fashioned garden of sentiment. Dicentra 
(or Dielytra) spectabilis is the name to order 
it by; at least one nurseryman had never 
heard of bleeding heart until this summer, 
although he was carrying the plant in stock. 
For fifteen cents you can get a root, sorry- 
looking enough, but capable of spreading 
its foliage to a circumference of six feet in 
three years. The plumy bleeding heart 
(D. formosa) which costs the same, is well 
worth buying with it, though it is not an old- 
fashioned flower. It is only about fifteen 
inches high, the foliage is handsome and the 
small pink flowers straggle along from spring 
to midsummer. 


THE OLD RED PEONY 


Another plant that you were “going to 
have” is the old red peony, the pride of our 
grandmothers. Thisis also a good perennial 
to look for now. Anyone who has it can tell 
it from the other peonies; you may be sure 
of that. Like the ‘‘bleeding heart,” the red 
“‘piny”’ is not So common as it once was; nor 
is it given away freely, being slower of growth 
than the white and pink varieties. Ina town 
where I know almost all the flower-lovers, 
I have been three years getting hold of even 


The German irises show the greatest range of color 
and bloom over a long season 


OcroBeER, 1909 


a small root. It was promised in the spring 
and in September I am going after it, at the 
oldest house in the place, and when I 
take this offshoot, that has kindly come up 
at a convenient distance from the parent 
plant, I shall know that I have a red “‘piny” 
that has been in one family since 1800. 
You can buy a plant sans pedigree for 
thirty cents; ask for Paeonia officinalis, var. 
rubra. In any event get it; your garden 
is not complete without it and you should 
also have the white variety (a/ba) unless you 
have succumbed to the greater glory of the 
grand P. albiflora, var. festiva maxima. 


CROWN IMPERIALS 


And how about those crown imperials? 
Very likely you saw this stately fritillary 
in all its springtime splendor for the 
first time this year; I know of one person 
past fifty who did. You will be more 
than lucky if, after searching a whole 
town for it as I did, you are invited 
to dig up some bulbs that trace their 
ancestry to colonial times and back of 
that to England. Don’t make a try at 
it even then unless you are sure of the precise 
spot, as you are liable to cleave a fine bulb 
with the spade; and that is nothing less than 
murder. I know, for I did it myself, and I 
have never been able to wash my hands of 
the blood. Were it not for the pleasure of 
association it would be easier by far to pur- 
chase the bulbs. Despite their great rarity 
in gardens nowadays — they were once quite 
common —crown imperials (fritillaria 
imperialis) are not expensive. Mixed bulbs 
are offered at a dollar and a quarter a dozen; 
the old-fashioned red is fifteen to twenty 
cents each and the yellow and “‘crown-on- 
crown” a nickel more. They should be 
planted about six inches deep, with a little 
sand in the hole and the bulb slightly tilted 
so that water may not settle in the depression 
on top. Alice Morse Earle, who does not 
like the odor, thinks the crown imperial 
properly outlawed, but for my part I should 
not feel that spring was spring among my 
old-fashioned flowers if I should fail to see 
it boldly piercing the ground at the very 
earliest opportunity and hanging out its 
circle of gay chalices, each embellished with 
half a dozen pearls whose honey I have seen 
a robin cleverly trying to reach. 


TRISES IN VARIETY 


The flower-de-luce (ris Florentina and 
Germanica) can be moved to excellent 
_advantage in September, and you never have 
to go far to find a friend with some to pass 
along. The old-fashioned pearl-colored iris 
(Florentina) and the violet with purple falls 
(Germanica type) are by far the best for the 
old-fashioned garden. They bloom suc- 
cessively, and the iris note may be still further 
lengthened if you can pick up some of the 
yellow water flag (J. pseudacorus), which 
furnishes a beautifully clear touch of color. 
This flag is now fairly common. ‘Then there 
is that old dwarf, Iris cristata, which I was 
able to get from two old gardens, although I 
did not know that there was any for miles 
around. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


123 


The bleeding heart, fragile looking but perfectly hardy, is an esteemed old-time favorite. Plant in 
a deep, moist soil if possible 


Finally, for a sixth desirable accession 
to the old-fashioned garden I would go 
into the wild and dig up a plant or two 
of the New England aster, which is com- 
mon over a wide range. Toward the 
latter part of September it is easily recog- 
nizable by the slightly fuzzy, light green 


leaves, the large, deep purple buds and 
the somewhat coarse growth. If lifted 
carefully when in bud it will not turn 
a hair. For a fine autumn color effect 
plant it behind a clump of yellow arte- 
misias, preferably the kind with large 
flowers. 


Cowslips flower so early in spring that they had best be planted now. (/7imula veris. var. superba) 


One Hundred Plants for an All-Year Garden—By Leonard Barron, %% 


A SUGGESTION OF PERENNIALS, SHRUBS, ETC., FOR A COMPLETE GARDEN WHICH MAY BE 
PLANTED NOW TO GIVE RESULTS NEXT YEAR. BULBS ARE DISCUSSED ON OTHER PAGES 


Duration in 


Common Name Botanical Name Color Special Purpose and Situation | Height Wee Other Facts of Interest 
MARCH RESULTS 
Silver Maple........ Acer saccharinum....| Yellow........ To give height in background...| 80ft....| two........ Fastest grower but short lived and liable to insect attacks. 
Flowers very effective before the leaves. 
Amoor Adonis... ... Adonis Amurense....| Yellow........ Very early flowers in sun....... Hiis5 5 ol WaieGhoosban Earliest flowering long-lived perennial in open sun. Better 
: get pot-grown plants. , 
Hepaticaleec-- eres Hepatica triloba...... White,blue, pink] Very early flower in shade...... Guiness -eIp hte ree Flowers even in January under the snow in sheltered places. 
: E Also double forms. ; 
Russian violet.......| Viola odorata........ Wioletie sr .eic Fragrance and color........... ASG sl] Dbooossccse Hardiest and most free-flowering of the violets. Single. 
APRIL j 
Golden Tuft........ Alyssum sexatile, var.| Yellow........ Flowers all season, in sun....... 1 ft....| twelve......] Most prolific small yellow flower of spring. Blooms all 
compactum....... season. Do not plant in heavy clay. 
Columbine........- Aquilegia Canadensts.| Scarlet........- Graceful effect in shade or open.| 1-2 ft...| three.......| Excellent for rocky ledges or shallow soils. Attracts hum- 
; ; ming birds. Flowers suspended in air. 
Rockvcress;. ==. - - Arabis albida........ White......... Low white carpet; all situations.| 4-6 in..| eight....... Fragrant. Showiest plant for carpeting bulb borders. A. 
alpina is smaller and inferior. 
Rhodora.........-. Azalea Canadense....| Rose.........-. Rose color in shrubbery........ 4) ti onl] HNOso oes cas Earliest hardy azalea. Best on loose peaty soil. Trans- 
5 7 7 plant oF same condone: se i 
barberry ..| Berberts Thunbergis..| For foliage.....| Neat, low shrubbery effect in tse ||ealleyeanerrer est small ornamental shrub; leafs out early,and becomes 
Japagye oot 2 e peas shige oe este oe 3 es bright scarlet in fall. Red berries all winter. 
Sepsis Fors ythi ...| Yellow........| Early flower in shrubbery...... t....]-two.:......| Hardier than F. viridissima and a clearer color; also more 
Golden bell orsythia suspensa ellow rly eri ry 4f “i oopirig  ASHOMESor eng ; 
Dwartirisee ee aeeine Tris pumila......... Pale blue...... Permanency and color......... Tree aall WwOsoobcbos Grows in any garden soil. Flowers short-lived, large and 
: close to ground. Spreads rapidly. ; 
Rose moss........-. Phlox subulata....... White,rose,pink| Ground cover; rockery......... creeping] five........ Most brilliant carpeting plant, and for edging. Grows 
a on banks too steep for grass. f 
Lungwort.......... Pulmonaria officinalis.| Violet......... Relief of color... 2... 2.0255 Tift ee SLOULs eee eee Opens es eh comics pie Hower UPrght Good for 
old, -wild effects. oist, light soil. 
MAY 
Woolly millfoil...... Achillea tomentosa....| Bright yellow...| Carpeting and cutting.......... g-12 in..| fifteen...... Foliage feathery, grayish and evergreen. For bordering 
$ beds, etc. Flowers continuously. Grows anywhere. 
Canadian anemone..| Anemone Pennsylva-| White .........| Ground cover, sun or shade. . ..] 1-2 ft...| seven....... Cup-shaped flowers on erect stems, grows anywhere and has 
ate ae long season. Well drained loam best. 
Rock camomile..... Anthemts tinctorta....| Yellow........ Daisy-like flowers for cutting. ..| 14-3 ft..] twenty-two.. See wo inches across. Free-flowering. Very vigorous. 
: ; soil. 
Columbine......... Aquilegia cerulea....| White, blue....| For blue tints on-rockery and 14-2 ft..} six......... Excellent for naturalizing on light-moist, well-drained soil. 
dry, sonlS eee ri... cero eisere ‘ 

{ftaesccree tates 1 itima.... le....| Rockery and carpéting....... -| 6-9 in...}| four........ Flowers in dense heads under deciduous shrubs. etc., and 
Thrift... Armeria maritima Rosy purple y peting 9 in Heo ae 
Lily-of-the-valley ...] Convallaria majalis..) White......... Shade under trees............. 6-9 in. ..| four........ Fragrant white bells for cutting; but foliage is effective all 

summer, often where grass will not grow. 
Maiden pink........ Dianthus deltoides....| Pink.......... Breezy effect and fragrance.....| creeping] eight....... Solitary crimson centered flowers in abundance; fragrant. 
Aes makes dense mat. eG : 

i eet fervii (dae i ..| Shade flowering shrub......... ae SRNR ee ere Numerous varieties from pure white to the deep carmine- 
Weigela....... Diervilla florida Pink magenta ade ing shr 4 ft sI Take Eva Reike. Also antrepatedneal 
Evergreen candytuft.| Iberts sempervirens. ..| White......... Rockery and border-.......... 6=Shineee etiveneeeee Solid cushion of dazzling white in sun. Best permanent 

; mat of its season, following phlox. ‘ ; 
Crested dwarf iris...) Iris cristata.......... Blue, spotted Shadescea-e eee rek eee aetece Gyms Salliive cane ae Havlest bardyins ice general use, but better planted in spring 
if possible to wait. 
yellow........ 
iri sone] Jin CAs oe oe 1OUSis\easiee aie Cuttings: 55.26 dec ncaa Viel PInCs goose ede The most popular flags, and _most useful of garden flowers 
German iris. ... Iris Germanica Various utting 14-24ft.| five ia realva rely of coer aE eee 
Yellow water flag...} Iris Pseudacorus..... Yellow. $2 33.04- Wow, wet soileee seer see eer A= || HOW easaon- ...| Best yellow flower for water sides, typically “aquatic” looking. 
Tartarian honey- Lonicera Tatarica....| White......... Braprances:2.).ssscics -/elacen Gifts. efourse eee Blowers de not coanee e yellow. Most fragrant at dusk. 
1 . 
Sucklespeeererec aluable sc: cen at sea : e a 
German catchfly....] Lychnis Viscaria, var.| Rose-pink..... . Rockeny, cuttings eer elite TEMS 5 oll UGsenscse Cet ee pres Blooming prot in its season 
flore-pleno........- ; i 3 
-me- ji i ight blue:.... d border .celicce - 5 ‘eight....... Small flowers over a long season. Good carpet and edg- 
Forget-me-not.....-. Myosotis palustris....| Light blue Ground cover, border spreading} eig! een moist at Plast aoe tls. : Wie 
5 ) inalis teks. ee ee i had in.....| three:...... Pale evergreen foliage with white terminal spikes. xcellent 
Mountain spurge... .| Pach ysandraterminalis| White peat: in shade or) 8 in ree inde ShSnBLGES idee 
inese peony....-.- ta albiflora...... (Mian yAvesr rece Cutting and border............ 2-4 ft.. 2} eight....... Largest flowered perennial. Earlier than European type. 
Chinen Peony Sd aa re 5 a ¥ Plants take three years to establish. — : 
Wild Sweet William .| Phlox divaricata......| Lavender...... Rockery, shade-.-25. 025-2. -.- Rise call? OWrsacscoae Flowers fragrant in loose clusters. Rich foliage. Waluable 
4 on rich, moist soil. ; ¢ : 
False Solomon’s Seal] Smilacina racemosa...) White.........- Shades fiethce noses eee eee 14 ft....| three....... Taier ots Caray flowers in panicles. Plant in masses on 
moist soil. 
Nilact acters fest: Syringa vulgaris...... Pilactexen 20: Flowers, fragrance, screen ..... 20 ft...] four........ The common lilac is exempt from borers, but the modern 
; hybrids are more massive and in varied colors. __ : 
Feathered columbine| Thalictrum aqutlegi- | White........-. Roekeny, shades. 11) eee 2-4 ft...} three....... pas clusters oh eee oes cee finely divided foli- 
. age. es not last lon en cut. 
AOR apes tesa 
Large-flowered Trillium grandiflorum| White.......... Shader cn yessce ere Suen g-12 in.| three....... Plant five or six inches deep in woods earth. Increases 
wake-robin....... slowly. Excellent in woodland corners. 

Mountain globe Trollius Europeus. ..| Yellow........ Wow Wet arterial t a ee 14-2 ft..| three....... Flowers either solitary or borne in twos, one to two inches 
fewer across and globular in form. Largest globular flower. 
Rock speedwell....- Veronica rupestris....| Blue.......... Ground covert2 2-2. see e ee spreading} five........ Bet carpet plan ich its color and season, especially in sun. 

: eep in bounds. 

Spike-flowered......| Veronica spicata..... Many see (CUS oboe Jonocdasocunect 2ft....| six.........| Downy foliage. One of the best blue flowers of moderate 
height. Tips nodding. 

Ground myrtle. Balstetei|) WWARCL TBS 1 OF eee Blues. 35 ei. Ground cover, shadesspeeeno spreading four Aes ae Best syereree ercund cover where grass fails, under trees and 

: badly drained soil. 
JUNE 
eiheyRearlee eect Achillea Ptarmica,var| White......... Cutting, borderceeeen eee 14-2 ft..| all summer. ao profuse DleounE white button flower. In loose panicles. 
as pungent odor. ; 

Wild ginger........- Asarum Canadense ...| Brown......... Ground icovermren- rere er six.........] Abold plant : foliage effects, flowers inconspicuous. Starts 
to grow early. ( 

Bellflower-......... Campanula Carpatica| Deep blue...... Rockeryzen cere eee eee Gide gol) Teasscucoes Scattering blooms all season. Easiest to grow of all the 
low-growing bellflowers. Rich soil. A 

Mouse-eared chick- | Cerastium tomentosum| White.........- Ground cover, dry, rockery ....|spreading| four........} Grayish woolly leaves. Much used for edgings. 

WWeediee crate = ctlete 
Tickseed...........| Coreopsis lanceolata. .| Yellow........ Cutting and border ........... 14-2 ft..| all summer... Dowie: it go toseed. Most constant yellow bloomer for 
»_ the border. 
Pa Tes Del phini Deep blue......| Border.....................-| 9-4 ft...| eight.......] Will bloom next year from seed sown now. One of the 
esr ies ga tac LOE “ 34 2 very best blue flowers. Divide every three years. 
Sweet William...... Dianthus barbatus....| Mixed......... Cutting and fragrance......... Mo Ninol| Ofte asoace Bienatal but self-sows. Very fragrant, rich deep colors the 
est. 

Bleeding heart...... Dicentra spectabile...| Pink.......... Rockery and border........... 14-2 ft..} all summer .| Frag'le looking, but perfectly hardy and an old-time favorite. 
Give moist deep soil. : : 

Boxploverrrr reser Digitalis purpurea. ..| White, purple..}| Shade and woodland........... BAO o|| NG ds oscoc Short-lived perrennial but self-sows. Effective near build- 

. ings. Var. gloxinioides the best. : 
Plantain or day lily..| Funkia ovata........ White, lavender,| Bold bedding effects...........| 14-2 ft..| five........ Lax spikes well above rosette of leaves. Naturalizes well. 
i blWe'sa. eager Starts very early in spring. 


124 


Gerovun, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 125 


—— 
; P ce : Duration 1 
Common Name Botanical Name Color Special Purpose and Situation | Height We ee Other Facts of Interest 
Great-flowered gail- | Gasllardia grandiflora.) Yellow, maroon| Cutting.................-.-- 1} ft....| all summer..| Blooms first year from seed and until frost if fading flowers 
lardiavsctacn woke are cut. Large daisy-like flowers. 
Alum root.......... Heuchera sanguinea..| Coral red......| Cutting, rockery.............. 18 in....| all summer .| Graceful racemes of delicate flowers. Blooms all summer 
ae 2 ; in any situation. — 4 
Japanese iris........ Tris levigata......... MMany?srrassites: Garden effect.................] 24-4 ft exe htereriter Largest flowered iris. Needs more moisture than others. 
a” ‘ E : Flowers will not ship well. 
Rose campion....... Gy chwisecononarsasent | CrunsOn eee |) SHaAdes-eerieicaes cies eae Mea tisa|| Gavicoodace Biennial or perennial. Common plant of old gardens. Glow- 
. ing flowers and white foliage. 
Bee balm........... Monarda didyma..... Scarlets -seeer: Shade srertarscsisiateis(as ave ec) syesvlerd 2! 2-3 ft...| all summer. Boa oa Plant next to white phlox to minimize 
urning color. 
Garden peony...... Peonia officinalis. ...| Crimson..... Well-drained border........... 3} ictal] 2) gcacoce The real old “piny” of colonial gardens. Must be on drained 
; soil. Immense flowers. 
Red chrysanthemum] Pyrethrum roseum....| White, red...... (CUTS oncnnotaaonndeod at aes eA isl] OAinaeoas SBUinEE pone hardy perennial composite, with finely 
issected foliage. 
Rhododendron...... Rhododendron maxi-| Whitish......... Evergreen shrubbery.......... 3-6 ft...] four Safely planted in fall under cover of trees, etc., on non-limey 
rtig soil well drained. 
Rugosa rose........ Rosa rugosa......... White to purple-| Shrubbery and flowers......... 3-4 ft twelve...... Insect proof, good for hedge and at seaside. Fruit showy 
pink ssa en in late summer. 
Memorial rose...... Rosa Wichuraiana ...| White........- Ground cover and trellis....... Asoo! HO a onaanec Practically evergreen, shiny foliage. Flowers small. Grows 
ae ; on very poor soils. 
Queen of the prairie.| Spiraea palmata...... Deep crimson..| Shade, swamped.............. B=9\ Mell Tt ooonadoe Welcome color, vigorous grower in damp soils. Valuable 
for wild gardening. 
Bridal wreath....... Spireaa van Houttei..| White......... Garden effect; hedge..........| 5 ft.....| four........] S. erguta is a showier plant, but notso reliable. Flowers 
JULY in flat heads. Showiest white flower shrub of season. 
Monkshood........ Aconitum qutumnale..| Blue.......... Shadeiborderseereiseira 3-5 ft all summer..| Flowers continue tift ‘September in rich soil. Beautiful color 
and habit, very poisonous. 
Hollyhock..........| Althea rosea......... Various ........ Open border and shrubbery....| 6 ft.....| four........ Most stately tall herbaceous plant, especially in single varieties. 
Spray with Bordeaux all season. 
Butterfly weed......| Asclepias tuberosa..... Orange.....-.- Dryssoilsnfideep eee ae 2 ft. threes-ee Only reliable flower of its color and season. Grows well 
among shrubs, but best color in full sun. 
Pepper bush........ Clethra alnifolia...... White Flowers in shrubbery......... 6 ft.. isan dace Flowers in upright spikes till September; fragrant. Valu- 
able for late summer. Moist soil preferred. 
Lemoine’s deutzia...| Deutzia Lemoinei.....| White......... Shrubbery border............ A iin POW GAcococt Showiest and hardiest of the deutzias. Larger flowers than 
‘| Pride of Rochester, but dwarfer. 
Purple cone flower. .| Echinacea purpurea. .| Purple Low, wet ground..............| 3 ft.. GVaticoooons Rather coarse but effective flowers. Sometimes four fect 
ign. : F J Beye 
Baby’s breath.......| Gypsophila paniculata] White.......... Rockery, cutting............. DB Vito cl] Oocooe oe Beautiful misty white flowers, especially effective in bou- 
a quets. 
Heliopsis........... Heliopsts levis, var. | Yellow....... Cutting and dry border........ 37-4 ft eight Earlier and smaller than sunflowers. Deeper color than most 
Pitcheriana........ sunflower-like plants. 
day lily...... H llis fulva... -| Shad d land’ 2 ole cer ele ft..| three Rich color for the season. Larger than yellow H. 5 
Brown day lily emerocallis fulva ma a yel-| Shade and grass lan 4-3 Wan eK oon covlias faGibleAGwerens Ae oe flava | 
een fatris i ee | eer: ts -4ft...| six.........| Plants in masses against heavy background. FI i | 
Gay feather... Liatris spicata Deep purple IDinyiehsrancncae boepeposser 3-4 ft six dies tide mates SG, y groun owers in 
Spiked loosestrife....| Lythrum Salicaria....| Pink. ......... Wietwlowslandseensee eee agit tester OURse tree Best oe ieee: Very showy in swamps. Will also grow 
in borders. 
Perennial phlox.....} Phlox paniculata.....| Many......... Cutting and border............ 2-5 ft...| all summer.]| Flowers vary much in color. Cut back for later bloom till 
frost. Buy named varieties. 
Balloon flower...... Platycodon grandi- Blue, white..... Shadévaascccineqacesanuacies 14 ft all summer.| Largest easily grown flowers of the bellflower family. 
Monts prin elena esters 
Prairie roses........| Rosa setigera, vars....| Pinkish........| Open, sunny spaces........... 6 ft foursereeeee Shrubs with prickly branches. Almost scentless flowers 
about two inches across, deep rose fading to white. 
Lavender cotton. ...| Santolina incana..... Deep yellow..:-| Rockery...:........-.------- 1 ft eiphtaeee ene Hardy, half-shrubby, much branched plant with button-like 
flowers. Evergreen, fragrant. _ 
Anthony Waterer Spirea Bumalda, var.| Magenta....... Shrubbenyaeeeracerr ease acer. 24 ft....] four Only flowering shrub of its period. Constant bloomer. 
2 ; Isolate on account of color. 
spirea............| Anthony Waterer... 
Broad-leaved sea Statice latifolia....... Deep blue...... Blue flowers on a dry soil......| 2ft.....| five........ Flats heads of clear blue flowers which last long when cut. 
rene ea Do not disturb unnecessarily. 
AUGUST 5 : 
New England aster..| Aster Nove-Anglie...| Blue.......... Medium height bluish......... 14-4 ft..| all summer. ate mot prctcrred: Improves greatly in cultiva- 
; ; all asters. | 
Boltonia........... Boltonta asteroides....| White......... Masses of flower..........-... PAS S55 oll Sbsoogaecse One of the most profuse daisy-like flowers. Any soil. Mixed | 
zs border or rough places. 
Blue spirea......... Caryopteris Mastacan-| Blue Blue color in the shrubbery....| 3-4 ft...] ten A shrub that in the North is cut to the ground by winter. 
Ree Raa BE Invaluable for its color. 
Turtle head........ Chelone Lyoni....... Rose, purple....| Low, wet land............... P73 Heool| On pao D GO Thick clumps. Flowers in dense leafy spikes. Deep green } 
: ; glossy foliage. Profuse bloomer in any soil. i 
Japan clematis...... Clematis paniculata...| White......... Trellises and screens...........| vine....| eight....... Profuse bloomer on new growth. Cut back severely each 
_ year in winter or before growth starts. | 
Sunflower.......... Helianthus rigidus...| Yellow......... Isolated in masses............. Gyitveres lefivess.tca:<. Var. Miss Melishbest. Often offered as Harpalium rigidum. 
Large flowers with loosely arranged rays. Dry soil. 
Rose mallow........ Hibiscus Moscheutos .| White, crimson | Low, wet or sandv.............| 4-5 ft...| eight....... Var. Crimson Eye best. Like a hollyhock. Foliage effective. 
arcane Mulch in winter. 
Rose of Sharon...... Hibiscus Syriacus....| Various........ Late shrubbery flower.......... 20 ft fourseesey se Best tall late shrub in selected pure colors. Best planted in 
F Nes spring. Flowers on old wood. H 
Cardinal flower..... Lobelia cardinalis.....| Scarlet......... Low, wet, shade.............. D=4) Mioee|| UNCsceoe se Deepest shining red spikes for swamps or open border. Self- | 
i sows on rich moist soil. | 
Smoke bush........ Rhus Cotinus........ Greenish....... Lawn specimen............... TA Sido ool] TOM secoace Flowers followed by plumose fruits. Common in old gardens. : 
: 2 ‘ Attacked by borer. j 
Golden glow........ Rudbeckia laciniata, | Yellow........ Massing in rough places........ Gitinccoc|| HOU oobe0oc Commonest tall yellow double flower, growing in any soil. 
war fl. Blea peeema: if watered well. Cut back for second crop of flowers. | 
Showy sedum....... Sedum spectabile.....| Rose. ......... Shade or open moist........... 12-15 in.| three.......| Give good drainage. Best of the tall stonecrops. 
> : iy B 5 Onusually fine shade of blue. Large thistle-like flower. 
Stoke’s aster....... Stokesia cyanea...... Lavender ...... IROMGiococcesooorasseosusce 15-18 in.] mine........ Blan aereaeeler a | 
Weronicden erie Veronica subsessilis...| Deep blue...... CQUnteys cacoe. coo dcaandeeGnens T5=2) ftee|erghteci- 1 Best in deep, rich soil in an open position. | 
SEPTEMBER ” : 
Albelia carpe srt ca oes Abelia grandiflora....| Pinkish.........| Shrubbery or lawn........... | 5 ft.....] twenty-four.| Valuable in shrubbery because always in flower till November. 
2 Grown in peaty soil in open sun. 
Japanese anemone. .| Anemone ‘faponica...| White, carmine.| Cutting and border............] 2-3 ft...] six........- Warlike flowers, effective till hard frost and invaluable for | 
order. j 
New York starwort | Aster Novi-Belgii....| Blue, violet... .. SUT torererse eine ncn aie hers AEG soll WSs coe see- Best late AEE aster for border or wild garden. Prefers | 
moist soul. | 
Groundsel bush..... Baccharis halimtfolia | Silvery ......... aval seins cooosotecstoescace Aime s00l| Oiscagons Select pistillate plants. It is the pappus that is effective 
against dark foliage. e 
Mallow marvels..... Hibiscus hybrids..... Shades of pink. .| Late leaf and flower........... Aukteceactwelvesny-= sf Colors range to madder. Produced all summer. Not 
: suitable for formal places. Arching stems. 
Hardy hydrangea. ..| Hydrangeapaniculata,| White......... Massing in shrubbery.........-. 6 ft.....} till frost..... Cut back in winter for profuse flower on new brood. Trusses 
var. grandiflora.... Sten DELS ER GAL 
OCT. and DEC. : : : 
Norway maple...... Acer platanoides...... Wellowsaana ne WWawneoristrectasecee eee || Os Le all year.....| Round head making effective dense shade, and glorious 
golden color in fall. : i ‘ 
Barberry...........] Berberis vulgaris......| Yellowish ...... Bold shrubbery ..........-... 6 ft.....| all year ....| Quick growing and effective hedge; deciduous, with red berries 
. in bunches lasting till spring y 
Witch hazel........ Hamamelis Virginica| Yellow & brown| Lawn or border .........-.--. to ft....| all year ....| Only tree flowering in November. Plant early. Seed pods 


taken indoors burst with loud noise. 


Only inthe South and on the Pacific Coast can we have large, double roses 
blooming all summer and climbing to such a height as this 


English Effects with Hardy Climbers—By Wilhelm Miller, 3 


A house in Manchester (the English Pittsburgh) transformed by Japan ivy. A 
beautiful gardenin the heart of a great city. Home of Mr. George Sydenham 


New 


THE FINE ART OF DECORATING GOOD ARCHITECTURE AND TRANSMUTING THE BAD, MARRYING 
VINES TO TREES, AND THROWING A VEIL OR MIST OVER EVERGREEN SHRUBS LIKE RHODODENDRONS 


[Epitor’s Nore.—This is the tenth of a series of twelve articles on the materials of gardening. 


if AM sometimes tempted to believe that 

climbers are the most valuable of all 
ornamental plants, because they are the only 
ones that have the power of transforming 
ugliness into beauty. And America has a 
thousand times as much ugliness to conceal 
as England. English houses are built of 
brick or stone; we still live in the age of 
wood. England has evolved a style of her 
own; we have not, and everywhere we see 
anarchy in domestic architecture. As you 
approach an English village the whole col- 
lection of houses seems beautiful and you are 
impressed by its permanence, its national 
character, and the ever-present sense of 
proportion. The morning I returned to 
America I saw my native land with new eyes 
—a riotous array of wildly shaped and 
wildly colored wooden buildings — preten- 
tious and perishable. Our country is beauti- 
ful enough, but the works of man do not 
harmonize with it as they do in England. 
Until we build permanently and in a style 
of our own, our greatest need will be some- 
thing to hide the ugliness of most of our 
buildings. 

The worst of it is that you cannot cover a 
wooden dwelling without seeming to smother 
it. Either it seems to pant for air or else 
it tends to look damp and unhealthy. On 
the other hand a brick cottage can be covered 
with ivy without making it look close and 
stuffy. In winter it will actually be warmer 
and cosier; in summer it will be cool and 
country-like. Therefore I shall hail the 
day when the wooden age passes. For when 
we have to build with costlier materials, 
every detail will be more carefully considered, 
the old instinctive sense of proportion will 


return to the people and we shall evolve a 
national style. 


CLIMBERS FOR HOUSE WALLS 


Meanwhile a man’s first duty is toward his 
house walls, so let us consider them before 
we do the porch. And the first big fact is 
that climbers are so easy to grow and so 
long-lived that questions of fitness are of far 
greater importance than details of cultiva- 
tion. England can teach us relatively little 
about new kinds of climbers or better ways 
of cultivating them, but we have everything to 
learn about artistic ways of using them. 
We are so ignorant that we often use wood- 
destroying climbers on wooden houses, and 
as to our public taste — well, we live in what 
might be called the ‘‘Crimson Rambler 
period.” Before I went to England I dimly 
realized that we are in the experimental stage. 
But in England anyone can see that most 
of the experiments we are trying have long 
ago been settled. In old countries there has 
grown up a consensus of opinion or public 
taste. And better still, certain principles 
have been evolved. 

The first principle is that good architecture 
should never be obscured, and, conversely, 
bad architecture should be not only hidden 
but transmuted into beauty. 

Thus, on good architecture we should 
use climbers that are slender and decora- 
tive, not rampant or commonplace. Good 
ornamentation will be hidden by Japan ivy. 
Nice proportion will be obscured by Vir- 
ginia creeper. Hall’s honeysuckle is too 
commonplace in leaf for walls of classic 
beauty. On the other hand, the leaf form 
of the grape is of undying charm. Every 


126 


The first was published in Fanuary.| 


kind of clematis is light, airy, graceful. 
The Crimson Rambler is too gaudy, but the 
memorial rose is sufficiently slender and 
decorative. 

Nowlet us take the case of badarchitecture. 
Japan ivy will hide more ugliness than 
anything in the world —except charity, 
for it will cover a brick tenement six stories 
high. But, please notice that Japan ivy 
and all other close-clinging climbers outline 
the objects they cover and have no power to 
transmute ugly lines into beautiful masses, 
as the loose-hanging climbers do. A foolish 
cupola or “fake” balcony may be mercifully 
softened by Virginia creeper but excrescences 
and bad lines are accentuated by English or 
Japanese ivy. 

The next question is whether the house 
is of wood, brick or stone. If it is of wood 
it is sheer folly to use the wood-destroying 
climbers. English and Japanese ivy and 
the climbing euonymus send out roots from 
the stem and these make the wood rot. Wis- 
taria is the Boa constrictor among plants, 
weakening pillars and prying off shingles. 
So, too, does the trumpet creeper. All 
other climbers are safe, provided we do not 
let them grow directly on the wooden walls. 

For when you wish to repaint your house 
you will find that the tendril-bearing and 
other self-fastening climbers are fragile. 
It is a big job to take them down, and you 
are sure to harm them, while the twiners are 
tough and can be taken down and replaced 
more easily. 

If you have a brick or stone house you can 
grow any kind of climberdirectly on the walls, 
for there is no need of painting. But now 
the most important question becomes color 


OcToBER, 1909 


harmony. if you doubt this walk down 
any street in July and watch the Crimson 
Ramblers and purple clematis swearing at 
the red brick walls! The only safe thing to 
use against red brick are white flowers and 
green foliage. The warm colors in brick 
and stone are the reds and browns; the cool 
ones are the grays, blues, and yellows. 
Against light, delicate or neutral back- 
grounds you may use strongly colored flowers, 
like red roses, orange trumpet creepers, 
purple and rose clematis and yellow ramblers. 
But the brick that is warm in winter looks 
too hot in summer and to cool it you can do 
one of two things. First swathe it with 
English ivy, Japanese ivy, euonymus, or Vir- 
ginia creeper. Second, you may decorate it 
with Clematis paniculata, white cluster roses, 
or white wistaria and the like. 

The greatest practical difficulty with brick 
and stone is that the tendril-bearers cannot 
get up a smooth surface, while the twiners 
must always have support. Of course, 
chicken wire or wooden trellises can be used, 
but they have a trifling look against massive 
buildings. So far.as I know, the architects 
have never solved the problem of growing 
slender, flowering climbers on smooth brick 
or stone. In such cases 
people generally use the 
self-cliimbing Japanese or 
English ivy, the euonymus 
or the self-climbing variety 
of Virginia creeper. How 
little imagination we com- 
monly employ is shown by 
the thousands of wistarias 
trained up iron rods in 
New York. They look to 
me like enchanted prin- 
cesses with their arms 
frozento their sides, until 
someone comes to release 
them, so that they may 
entwine balconies, embel- 
lish window sills, and 
envelope the whole build- 
ing with an atmosphere of 
poetry. 


CLIMBERS FOR GARDEN 
WALLS 


The principles govern- 
ing climbers for house 
walls apply also to-garden 
walls, but the garden wall 
gives us some splendid 
opportunities in addition. 
I used to dread the idea 
of high garden walls, but 
I believe we must borrow 
this custom from England. 
The seven reasons therefor 
I have stated in Country 
Life in America for Novem- 
ber. Only one will be de- 
veloped here. The shelter 
of the garden wall enables 
Englishmen to grow many 
of the greatest treasures 
of subtropical regions, in- 
cluding shrubs trained like 
climbers. Among such 


An arch of Blush Rambler roses. 
which we should give more thought 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


treasures are the true myrtle, the poet’s 
laurel, Magnolia grandiflora, the large-leaved 
Algerian ivy, the pomegranate, laurustinus, 
and camellia — an intoxicating array of ever- 
greens when contrasted with the solitary 
pair that are hardy with us —ivy and 
euonymus. 

Of course, the Bostonians could never 
grow these evergreen climbers outdoors even 
behind high walls, and even at Philadelphia 
these plants might not be both hardy and 
evergreen. But New York and Philadelphia 
would doubtless pick up other treasures 
they could enjoy to the full in no other way, 
e. g., the evergreen magnolias, an ivy from 
Northern China, and the cherry laurel from 
Schipka Pass. Moreover, it is possible that, 
on their north and west walls, Japanese 
honeysuckle would hold their leaves all 
winter; also the memorial rose and the 
scarlet honeysuckle. And by the same device 
Baltimore and Washington might be able 
to grow some of the plants that are evergreen 
at Augusta, such as the Cherokee and 
Macartney rose, the cross vine, the Carolina 
jasmine, the Confederate jasmine, Irish and 
Algerian ivy, the dwarf fig, the Constance 
Elliott passion flower and several bignonias. 


One of the many interesting ways of training climbers, to 


127 


Among the famous deciduous plants 
from warmer climes which the English (in 
the extreme South) can grow on walls are 
the Ceanothus of California, the Lapageria 
of Chile and the Clianthus of Australia. 
But I doubt if any climbers from those 
countries can ever be a great success east of 
the Rockies. For a plant that has never 
encountered zero weather in its own home 
can never do so elsewhere. In England 
the great problem is to get enough sunshine 
in summer to ripen the wood sufficiently 
to withstand the mild English winter where 
zero weather is unknown. South walls help 
them solve that problem. But in America 
no walls can keep roots from freezing in 
zero weather. Nevertheless, I have faith 
to believe that walls would help us grow 
many fine plants that belong to the south 
in any given locality. For example, the 
winte: sweet and winter jasmine will open 
their fragrant flowers in March or earlier 
in New York and Philadelphia and Forsythia 
suspensa is very beautiful when planted 
above a wall and allowed to hang down. 
Philadelphia can grow the white jasmine of 
the poets on garden walls. 

After considering the house and garden 
walls a man’s next duty is 
to study his porch and 
pergola, and these intro- 
duce anew problem — the 
column. Here again the 
first question is not, 
“ Which vine do I like 
best?” but “Is the archi- 
tecture good or bad, refined 
or rustic?” For English 
experience seems to have 
evolved this principle: On 
beautiful columns foliage 
is more important than 
flowers; on rough columns 
flowers seem more impor- 
tant than foliage. 

This principle grows out 
of the fact that leaf-forms 
are displayed to the best 
advantage by a white back- 
ground while flowers are 
usually best set off by a 
dark background. 


CLIMBERS FOR PORCH AND 
ARBOR 


Therefore, if your porch 
or pergola has classical 
columns of stone or con- 
crete, the most appropriate 
climbers are those that 
have leaf forms of classic 
beauty, such as the wild- 
grapes, the akebias, the 
kudzu, cinnamon, and 
Madeira vines, and the 
wonderful new species of 
Ampelopsis from China, 
in all of which the flowers 
are of secondary import- 
ance. Among the flower- 
ing climbers, roses, clem- 
atis, and wistaria have 
sufficient beauty of leaf 


128 


form, but the following may be unsuitable: 
Honeysuckles tend to make amorphous 
masses; Dutchman’s pipe has too gross a 
leaf; bittersweet is a little commonplace in 
leaf and wild in growth; matrimony vine too 
rustic. 

On rough or temporary pergolas, the 
appropriate thing seems to be an exuberance 
of bloom. We often cover a whole porch 
or pergola with one kind of climber, especi- 
ally Crimson Rambler, which is too gaudy, 
and ought to give way to more delicate colors 
like the pink of Dorothy Perkins. The 
English believe that a variety of climbers is 
usually best on a pergola, provided the whole 
structure is well supplied with foliage, 
because then you have ever-changing interest, 
whereas the Crimson Rambler pergola 
flashes for a few weeks and is gone until 
another year. 

Another thing we must remember about 
slender columns is not to overpower them 
- with mighty growths of wistaria or trumpet 
creeper, which may weaken the pillars of 
plazzas. 

Our greatest fault, however, is having 
too little luxuriance, for a pergola without 
vines on top is a failure and an absurdity. 
England goes to the other extreme. Luxuri- 
ance is too easy to get there and many of 
their arbors are dank, close, sunless. In that 
moist, cool climate it is not so important to 
have shaded walks and covered ways as in a 
hot, dry climate like ours. But in both 
countries it is important not to have a porch 
or arbor smothered with vines. 

The effect should always be light and airy. 
Physical comfort alone would dictate this, 
but it is pleasant also to see all the leaves 
stirred by fresh air and an ever-changing 
play of light and shade on the floor, both 
in the daytime and moonlight. 

One of the prettiest effects I saw in Eng- 
land is that of the Japanese wistaria 


(W. multijuga), which has clusters two or , 


three feet long. These strings of bloom 


Cluster roses allowed to climb upon a pine 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


are so loose that they are not as showy on 
the ordinary porch as the common or Chin- 
ese wistaria, but when they are trained to 
hang down from the edges of a roof they have 
a liquid loveliness that is unsurpassed. The 
idea is, of course, Japanese but often 
one sees it well executed on English summer 
houses. 

But the greatest wonder I saw in England 
is the collection of new species of Ampelopsis 
and Vitis from China. At Coombe Wood 
I had a feast of color and form that I shall 
never forget. And to American nursery- 
men and collectors I would say, Wake up, 
try all the new species of Ampelopsis you can 
get. They may make a great difference 
in the appearance of America homes and 
gardens. 


CLIMBERS ON LIVING TREES 


Another line of effort in which England is 
ahead of us, though still groping her way, is 
the art of growing climbers on living trees. 


Virginia Creeperin London trained so as to send 
down long streamers—a lesson for our largest 
cities in America 
‘ 


Nature suggested this, for the woodbine 
sometimes drapes the hawthorn tree with a 
mantle of fragrant, purplish flowers and 
Clematis Flammula often adorns the hedge- 
rows in August with myriads of white stars. 
The most famous case, however, is ivy and 
oak. Andin our own woods everyone has 
seen wild grape throwing up its strong ropes 
to the tops of the highest trees, and Virginia 
creeper mounting the tallest elms. 

Whether this is the most artistic way to 
grow climbers, as many believe, I shall not 
attempt to decide, but certainly it is beset 
with the greatest and most interesting dif- 
ficulties. If the climber is too strong for the 
tree it suggests a most unpleasant thought — 
strangulation, murder. And this result is 
sure to occur if wistaria or trumpet creeper 
are planted beneath small trees. On the 
other hand, delicate and high bred climbers 
are likely to be starved by the roots of strong 
trees, so as to suggest poverty and failure. 

The esthetic dangers are also very great. 


OcTosBerR, 1909 


The Japanese bittersweet is even showier than 
our own. Itsred berries are attractive throughout 
the leafless season. 


Nature does this thing sparingly and so should 
we. To treat a whole avenue in this style, 
or even a majority of the trees on a lawn, 
would expose us to ridicule. Again, I 
think the English sometimes make a stupid 
mistake in allowing ivy to grow on beech. 
It is a crime to let so weedy a plant as ivy 
kill a noble beech, but to cover the native 
loveliness of a beech trunk with anything at 
all is worse than a crime — it is a blunder. 
We ought never, or rarely, to obscure the fine 
tree architecture of birch, mountain ash or 
flowering dogwood, or even such rough 
customers as hickory, honey locust, and 
sweet gum, for their ruggedness has perennial 
charm. I should use climbers only on trees 
that have commonplace bark. Oak, elm, 
maple, ash, poplar, and the nuts are not 
exactly commonplace, but you cannot de- 
scribe their peculiarities in such a way that 
people will be sure of them. They are a 
safer list with which to experiment. 

The most perfect marriage I have heard of 
between a deciduous tree and a deciduous 
climber is that of wistaria and locust, for 
both have pinnate foliage and flowers of the 
pea type. If you use the white-flowered 
wistaria, there will be a third point in com- 
mon. This combination is _ beautifully 
described by Neltje Blanchan in “The 
American Flower Garden.” 

The most famous example, however, is 
that of climbing roses on any kind of decidu- 
ous tree. England and California have a 
great advantage over the North in this respect 
for they can use larger and better varieties 
and have fewer insect enemies to contend 
with. 

The surest combination we can have is 
Virginia creeper on elm, and a most appro- 
priate one, for the leaflet of the climber 
has practically the same shape as that of the 
tree. But when you grow Virginia creeper 
on pine you get a contrast of leaf forms that 
is almost startling. And, since evergreens 


OcToBeER, 1909 


are usually narrow-leaved, while climbers are 
usually broad-leaved, we should feel our way 
more cautiously before training climbers 
upon conifers. 

, 


CLIMBERS ON EVERGREEN TREES 


The English often allow ivy to grow up 
Scotch pine and Norway spruce, but this 
seems to me altogether too strong a contrast 
in form and texture. And there is an even 
greater danger — the danger of destroying 
the symmetry of an evergreen tree. How 
foolish it would be to grow any climber on 
Colorado spruce or concolor fir! For a 
lost branch can never be replaced, and 
therefore the whole game is to keep 
evergreens symmetrical as long a time as 
possible. 

On the other hand some of the evergreens 
we plant the most are the first to lose their 
symmetry, e. g., Scotch and Austrian pine, 
Norway spruce, silver fir, red cedar, and 
arborvite. English conifers, as a rule, look 
happy; ours do not. They soon get thin 
and ragged. Why should we not conceal the 
defects of these thin trees that have lost their 
lower branches? 

What does Nature do? She sometimes 
throws a veil of wild clematis over pitch 
pine, and on Long Island, Mr. Hicks tells 
me, she sends scarlet honeysuckle up the red 
cedars. In Japan, she trains wistarias 
on her giant pines. 

In English gardens I saw a very good effect 
from wistaria on yew. Our equivalent for 
the latter is hemlock. At Gravetye I saw 
Mr. Robinson’s famous combination — 
clematis on yew. And there, I believe, 
is the principle that should guide us. If we 
grow climbers upon conifers, let us choose 
what Mr. Robinson calls the “lace workers,” 
not the kinds with big, showy flowers. 
Jackman’s clematis would doubtless be a 
failure in everyway. What we want is fleecy 
clouds of small white flowers, such as we can 


get from Clematis paniculata and Virginiana. 


There are also two climbing hydrangeas, 
one of which I have seen at Dosoris on a tree 
trunk. 

A combination suggested by Miss Duncan 
sounds most artistic, viz., wistaria and trumpet 
creeper on the same tree. They supplement 
each other in time of bloom and give a com- 


plete change of color, but both have similar, 


- pinnate leaves. 

We often make the mistake of planting a 
climber near the trunk of the tree. It is 
better, both from the cultural and pictorial 
points of view, to plant them ten or twelve 
feet away and train them on inclined poles 
until they reach the lower limbs. Then you 
get the effect of lianas in the tropical forest 
or of wild grape in our own woods. 


CLIMBERS ON EVERGREEN SHRUBS 


But the climax of delicate beauty in this 
line of work is to throw a veil over the ever- 
green shrubs. The one thing that every 
Englishman yearns to do, and cannot, is to 
grow the flame flower on holly. By flame 
flower, I mean Tropeolum speciosum, that 
gorgeous scarlet nasturtium which glorifies 
the humblest cottage in Scotland and strikes 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


every summer visitor to the Highlands with 
amazement. It perfectly suits the Scotch 
character, for the flower has the strength 
of the national war hymn, while the foliage 
is as delicate and tender as ‘‘Annie Laurie.” 
Even England is not cool and moist enough 
for the flame flower, so you can imagine with 
what pride the author of ‘‘Potpourri in a 
Surrey Garden” showed me this nasturtium 
on her own holly. 

Possibly we might do something of the 
sort with ordinary nasturtiums on rhodo- 
dendrons or mountain laurel, but I fear it 
would be very tame by comparison, and the 
seeds would of course have to be sown 
every year, as the plant is an annual, while 
the flame flower is perennial. 

It would be folly to trust our precious 
rhododendrons and laurel to any strangling 
honeysuckles or other rampant vines. The 
ideal vine for the purpose should look fragile 
and be hardy. The only ones that I think 
of that answers all the requirements is 
Clematis paniculata. Eyer our own wild 
clematis is a bit untidy in fruit. I would 
rather use it on deciduous shrubs, as many 
do. The two species recommended by 
Mr. Robinson are Clematis Viticella and 
alpina, but whether they would do well here 
remains to be seen. 


EFFECTS WE CANNOT HAVE 


The South and the Pacific Coast can rival 
England in luxuriance and variety, but the 
North cannot. In New England ivy must 
be covered in winter or else grown on the 
ground. East of the Rockies we shall never 
have climbing roses growing up to the third 
story of a house and producing large, double 
flowers all summer. The great wonder- 
working genus Clematis is only partially 
available to us. England can grow any- 
thing which the North can and a great deal 


129 


more. That is not strictly true, but it is 
exasperatingly near the truth. 


WAIT THREE HUNDRED YEARS 


It will be three centuries, at least, before 
America as a whole can be as beautiful as 
England. For, first, we must build our 
houses of permanent materials, next evolve 
a national style of architecture and finally 
clothe our houses with the most appro- 
priate vines. 

Before we can grow the great variety of 
climbers that England does, we may have to 
build thousands of miles of high garden walls 
of brick and stone. But certainly we must 
plant Virginia creeper and Japan ivy by 
the million, especially in great cities, where 
no ugly wall should be left uncovered. And 
we must make every house beautiful the year 
round by growing on it evergreen climbers, 
especially ivy and euonymus, which must be 
planted by the million. 

But while the nation has long to. wait, 
let no one be discouraged. The individual 
here can achieve during his own life time as 
much garden beauty as the individual in 
England. Americans are not deficient in 
originality and we may exercise that gift in 
devising different ways of training climbers— 
streamers, garlands, arches, wreaths, clouds, 


veils, bowers, arbors, pergolas, and covered 


ways. Moreover, the most progressive 
communities, in many cases, have been the 
ones that had the greatest natural difficulties 
to overcome. 

It will be a long and hard job to find every 
plant that fits the climate of the northern 
United States, but the longer our minds 
dwell upon questions of fitness the greater 
progress we shall make. And when at last 
we develope an American style of gardening, 
I believe the climbers will play an important 
part therein. 


English ivy does not smother a brick house but it must never be grown on wood. It is the most valuable 
evergreen climber in the world 


Outdoor Planting of Bulbs 


A Reese is nothing so effective in the 

spring as a bed of bright blossoming 
bulbs. So one of the first pieces of outdoor 
work in the fall is the preparation of the bulb 
bed and buying “Dutch” bulbs. 

If along the sides or front of your school 
building there is a narrow strip of ground, 
this would be a good place for bulbs. Daf- 
fodils, bright tulips, or hyacinths look well 
in just such a strip. Perhaps along each 
side of the front walk you can dig up 
narrow strips, say three feet wide. Put 
in some of the kinds of bulbs just suggested 
above. A round bed of red, or red and 
white, single tulips is a gorgeous sight in 
early spring. 

It is well to bear in mind this — that bulbs 
do best and look best in great masses; also 
bulbs of one kind in a bed are far more 
pleasing than those of different kinds mixed 
together. 

When one has a big stretch of lawn put in 
crocus bulbs here and there all over it. 
This is not very practical for public school 
planting because a school rarely has suf- 
ficient extent of grass space to use for this 
purpose. 

The time to plant depends upon the 
weather. It is always well to get all out- 
outdoor planting done well before the time 
of frost. Why? Because you wish to get 
the bulbs in while the earth is still warm. 
Bulbs lie in the ground all winter slowly 
putting out roots, slowly starting to push 
up toward the light above. For good root 
forming they need this long time of slow 
growth. But there is no need to rush it on 


Early in the fall plant bulb boxes full of bulbs. 
Be sure to stain the box as shown by the smaller 
ones in this print 


MORE GOOD LESSONS IN SOILS, PLANT- 
ING, MANUAL TRAINING AND ART MAY 


BE WORKED OUT OF BULB CULTURE 
THAN FROM ANY ONE OTHER FORM OF 
GARDENING.—A FEW PENNIES SPENT 
IN BULBS MEANS SOME PLEASURE 
WITH FLOWERS FROM EARLY FALL 


Conducted by 
PEIN TE DID SEeAW 
New York 


by planting during that warm period we 
are sure to have every fall. 

But when the first snappy weather comes 
get your bulbs in the ground. 

Before this the ground may be prepared. 
In all the beds dig down about two feet. 


Work over the soil well. Make it fine and 
free from lumps and stones. Ordinary 
garden soil will be right for these beds. 
Put no fertilizer in. If your ground is clayey 
mix sand with it; this makes a lighter soil. 
Clay soil is what we call a heavy soil. Bulbs 
require light soils. 

Now comes planting. Different kinds of 
bulbs require different depths of soil. The 
table below shows the depths which give 
greatest satisfaction for the given varieties. 

BULB PLANTING TABLE 


Distance Distance 
Name Depth | Apart between Rows 
Ishyae@uan., . ¢ 6 in. | 4-6 in. 10-12 in. 
Mulipss, canes es 4 in. | 4—6 in. IO-12 in. 
Deayiiooll ~ 5 « 4 in. | 4—6 in. 10-12 in. 
Snowdrop . . 2 in. Plant these in clusters all 
Grape Hyacinth . I in. oyer the lawn. Do not 
Groce x im leave more than three 
: i inches between bulbs. 


Make a furrow to the depth required, 
place the bulb pointed end up and cover. 
It is a good plan to sprinkle sand where 
the bulb is to set. This helps the drainage. 

About the time of the first frost the bed is 
to have its final cover put on. So place over 
the entire bed stable manure some two 
inches thick. This gives warmth all winier 
long. Over this put dry leaves and cover the 
whole with sacking or thick paper. This 
last covering should be held down with stones. 

As soon as the snow comes many gardeners 
take off the sacking or paper. They claim 
not enough air gets to the bed when so tightly 
closed over. It does no great harm if left 
on. The plants in the spring perhaps are 
a bit more tender. 

You will have such fun in early spring 
seeing, poking up through the leaves, the 
pointed ends of the bulbs, tender and a bit 
sickly looking from long hiding in the dark. 
It’s amazing, though, how sturdy and fine 
they soon look. 


Directions for Making a Sieve 


A SIEVE is almost indispensable for all 
indoor work in planting. Before the 
bulbs are planted the soil should be run 
through a sieve to free it from stones and 


130 


lumps. This sieve is a good piece of fall 
manual training work. Any boy could make 
one easily at his own home. 


MATERIALS 
2 small boards 13 x 24 x 4 in. 
2small boards 7 x 24x 4in. 
2 strips of wood 12 x 4 x Lin. 
2 strips of wood 8 x 4x} in. 
Fine wire netting 13 x 8 in. 

Make the framework of a box without a 
lid using the 13-inch pieces for the sides and. 
7-Inch pieces for ends, putting the ends 
between the side pieces. Use the wire 
netting for the bottom of the box, nailing it 
on with the strips of wood. Paint the sieve 
with two coats of dark green paint. 


Indoor Planting of Bulbs 


SERIONE ought to have a pot or box 

of bulbs in midwinter. They are 
easy to grow indoors and so very satisfactory. 
It is delightful at Christmas or when shut into 
the house by heavy storms to have a pot of 
bright flowers to enjoy. 

It is wise to plant your first lot of bulbs 
about the first of October. Florists claim 
that each month a bulb is kept unplanted 
it losesin value. By value they do not mean 
price but soundness and the power to pro- 
duce good flowers. If you buy a number of 
bulbs why not plant at intervals two weeks 
apart, and so have blossoms coming on at 
different times? You can estimate pretty 
accurately about blossoming. You must 
plan on putting them away in the dark for 
five or six weeks, and then when taken out 
it often means three weeks or more for the 
blossoms. Schools can plan so bulbs will 
not blossom during the Christmas recess, or 


Even such an unpromising strip as this can be 
used to advantage 


OcTOBER, 1909 


so that they will blossom at this time for the 
children to take home or give away. 

For schools bulb boxes, or flats as they are 
called, are best to use for planting. These 
crowded full of bulbs make a fine show. 
Just as crowding helps in the window box 
so crowding helps in the indoor planting of 
bulbs. Low pots are excellent too, especi- 
ally for hyacinths. The high pot such as 
we use for geraniums does not make so good 
a showing for bulb planting. 

Small pots, say three inches across, are 
all right for single bulbs. These are espe- 
cially good in grade schools where each child 
plants his own bulb and is to care for it 
himself. I knew ofa second grade doing 
this with great pleasure to the individual 
child. Many of these children brought their 
own pots from home, so reducing the expense 
for the school. 

In a pot six inches across three hyacinth 
bulbs or four tulips can be planted. You 


A sieve like this may be constructedin a manual 
training shop or made from a small wooden box 


needn’t leave more than two inches between 
bulbs in flats or pots. Each bulb needs 
just enough space for itself and enough so 
that it does not hit against its neighbor bulb. 

Place in the drainage holes of the bulb 
boxes or the single hole in the clay flower- 
pots, stones to block the too free passage of 
water. Then fill the chosen receptacle with 
a not too rich garden soil up to the place 
where you are to place the bulb. Large 
bulbs as narcissus, hyacinth, tulips, etc, 
should be about one inch from the surface of 
the soil. Smaller bulbs perhaps it would 
be well to place only one-half inch below 
the surface. It is a good plan to do as 
we do in outdoor planting —make a bed 
of sand for the bulbs to rest on. 

After planting, label plainly each pot or 
box with the name and colors of the bulbs. 

Now set away in a cool, dark place for 
five or six weeks. This gives time for root 
forming. Bulbs should be watered often 
enough to keep the earth moist. The 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


temperature of the chosen place may drop 
nearly to freezing without hurting the bulbs. 
If your cellar, should you choose this place, 
is not very dark, the bulbs may be covered 
over with wooden boxes tilted up from the 
floor sufficiently to permit air to get at the 
bulbs. Leave now for the five or six weeks’ 
rest. One of the pictures shows about how 
high above ground a bulb should be before 
taking from its resting place. When you 
take them out of the dark they will all look 
pretty sickly. But sunshine and heat soon 
change all this. 

Paper narcissus and daffodils are often 
planted so close to the surface that their 
old brown dead-looking ends pry up above 
the ground. The deeper you plant a bulb 
the more time it takes for it to force its way 
up and out. 


Bulbs Best to Plant 


T IS well to know the names of the kinds 

of bulbs with which other people have 

had success. Some varieties do better out- 
doors; others indoors. 

In choosing hyacinths you have to decide 
upon the color and whether you wish double 
or single varieties. In general most people 
enjoy single flowers better. If you are to 
use the hyacinths for outdoor planting or 
bedding it is perfectly safe just to write for 
bulbs which are to be bedded. La Gran- 
desse is a beautiful white, King of the 
Blues speaks for itself and the Sarah 
Bernhardt is a salmon pink. These same 
do well inside, too. Charles Dickens is 
a fine rose color, Prince of Wales violet, 
and L’Innocence a fine white. These are 
good for inside planting. Some may like 
the smaller Roman hyacinths, which do 
splendidly indoors. Very good hyacinths 
are bought for fifteen cents. 

Tulips do especially well outdoors. A 
capital one for either bedding or indoor 
forcing is the Isabelle. It is a beautiful 
red tulip which is bought for five cents. 
The Summer Beauty, a hardy white tulip, 
is well worth the ten cents asked for each one. 
Some of you may like to raise some freaks: 
then try parrot tulips at about thirty-five 
cents a dozen. A thing to remember about 
the indoor planting of tulips is this — tulips, 
more than other bulbs, are likely to have 
plant lice, so watch out! 

In daffodils you may be sure of the Van 
Sion. These are worth forty cents the 
dozen. You can buy daffodils for twenty. 

If you wish to lay in a stock of bulbs for 
water planting choose, of course, Chinese 
lilies, but try, too, the paper white narcissi. 
These bulbs cost forty cents a dozen. Buy 
from the five and ten cent store a glass dish, 
gather stones for it now. About three weeks 
before you wish blossoms plant a dozen of 
these narcissi in the glass dish with the stones 
as a foundation and water enough to come 
up around the base of the bulbs. It is a 
good plan to set the dish of bulbs in the dark 
for four or five days. 

You can grow hyacinths in water too. For 
this a special glass is sold, although I have 
seen children place a bulb in the top of a 
preserve jar. It works all right. Bulbs 


131 


This hyacinth is ready to come from the dark to 
the light. Observe distance of plant above the soil 


must never drop low into water or they decay. 
These, too, should be placed in the dark for 
about a week. 

Suppose you have a quarter to spend. 
You can make all sorts of interesting com- 
binations. Three daffodils for ten cents, a 
hyacinth for ten and a tulip for five gives you 
a chance to experiment. 


Bulb Boxes 


ie THE picture below is a box made 

for bulb planting. Bulb boxes give the 
opportunity to crowd in the bulbs. Daffodils 
do well thus planted. 

The dimensions of the box are the same 
as those for the sieve except for the depth, 
which is three inches instead of two and a half 
inches. Of course the bottom is wood with 
three drainage holes bored in it. From 
eight to twelve hyacinths or daffodils can 
be planted in this box. 

A smaller one is ten inches long, four 
wide, and the depth is four inches. It is 
not so satisfactory to plant in as the other, 
nor so artistic when full of blossoming 

nit. 
ee | 


| 
4 
{ 


' 
i 


Drainage holes are necessary. These are a trifie too 
large for the size of the box, but not enough of them 


Forcing Bulbs for Winter Flowers 


fee three important forcing bulbs which are 

planted in October are tulips, hyacinths and 
narcissus and their handling is very nearly the same. 
For cut flower purposes, plant the bulbs in boxes 
not less than four inches deep, six inches being the 
better size. Plant the bulbs about four inches 
apart each way, being sure that the soil is rich. A 
good compost is made of one part well-rotted 
manure to three parts good, turfy loam. After 
thoroughly mixing add about one shovelful of bone 
meal to every twelve shovelfuls of compost. Drain- 
age of some description must be placed in the bottom 
of each box — a few clam or oyster shells or broken 
flower pots — then put in about one inch of the com- 
post, on top of which put the bulbs. Fill the 
box with soil and firm nicely with the fingers. If 
the plants are wanted for decorative purposes, 
plant in pots or pans, one bulb to a 5-inch pot or 
six or eight bulbs to a 12-inch pan. 

After planting give the bulbs a good sprinkling 
of water to settle the soil, and bury in a place which 
is accessible in bad weather, in a trench about one 
foot deep. Cover the top with litter after the ground 
has frozen a trifle, using long stakes to mark each 
variety as it is put away. 

Hyacinths can be forced at almost any time, but 
by waiting until after November 1st before bringing 
the boxes into heat you are surer of success. I 
would even advise the beginner to wait until Decem- 
ber 1st before trying to force tulips and the large- 
flowering narcissus. The small-flowered poly- 
anthus types can be forced just as soon as they are 
well rooted. 

After bringing the bulbs inside they should not 
be immediately subjected to too high a temperature 
— 50 degrees is about right — and after a few days 
the temperature can be gradually increased; but 
don’t let it exceed 60 degrees. I never exceed 55 
degrees. On no account allow the plants to suffer 
for water; as a matter of fact, they can be grown 
in nothing but water. When the flowering spike 
shows, an occasional application of liquid manure 
will help considerably. 

Almost any variety of the Dutch hyacinth forces 
well, but as cut flowers the Roman hyacinths are 
more popular. They are very satisfactory to force, 
and are used a great deal because they are earlier 
than the Dutch. The white variety is the most 
common, but the single and double pinks are also 
popular. The blue variety is not so good, but it 
helps out as a cut flower because blue flowers for 
forcing are rather scarce. 


Plant the bulbs in flats and bury outdoors until 
properly rooted. Then dig up to force 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The early single tulip flowers much earlier than 
the other types, the Darwins being about four weeks 
later than the early ones. All the Duc Van Thol 
type are good, but Proserpine, in my estimation, is 
the best forcing tulip on the market. It is a beauti- 
ful shade of pink. Any of the Darwin varieties can 
be used, as there is little difference in their time of 
flowering, 

Narcissus are especially valuable as cut flowers on 
account of their long stems. The polyanthus type 
is the earliest and Paper White the most popular 
variety. The short-cupped narcissus is also largely 
grown on account of its crimson edged cups. 

For decorative effect in pans the crocus is becom- 
ing more popular, but although easy to force the 
stems are too short for cut flowers. Plant the 
bulbs about an inch apart and about two inches 
deep, and put them in a coldframe until they are 
well rooted, when they can be brought into a tem- 
perature not exceeding 50 degrees. 

Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) bulbs are planted 
about October 1st. They are easy to handle if 
planted in pots, but if wanted as cut flowers they 
should be planted in benches, provided the tempera- 
ture can be kept very low until the bulbs are well 
rooted. If planted in pots, place the pots in a 


Bring the flats 


into warmth as required after 
the bulbs have been rooted outdoors 


coldframe and cover them slightly with ashes or 
stable litter until the pots are filled with roots. 
These plants will stand plenty of heat — even 80 
degrees will not injure them — but 65 degrees is 
about the best temperature. Keep them well 
sprayed, and just as soon as the buds show, give 
frequent applications of liquid manure. 

Both the Spanish and English irises force well; 
plant the bulbs in boxes about three inches apart 
and about two inches deep, and never let them suffer 
for water. Grow them in a temperature of about 
60 degrees, but before bringing into heat they should 
be placed in a cool house or coldframe until they are 
well rooted. 

Anyone who does not dislike a slight onion-like 
odor should grow the allium, for it is very produc- 
tive, every bulb throwing four or five shoots. Plant 
the bulbs in boxes about three inches apart and place 
in a coldframe to root, after which they can be grown 
on in a temperature of 50 degrees. 

The small-flowering anemone can be successfully 
forced, but does not adapt itself to early forcing. 
Plant the bulbs in pots, about six to a 6-inch pot, 
and cover with about one inch of soil. Place in a 


OcToBER 1909 


coldframe until they are well rooted, after which they 
can be brought inside to force, a temperature of 
50 degrees being about right for good results. 

Ixia and sparaxis can either be planted in flats 
and pans, or else in pots, allowing about eight bulbs 
to a 6-inch pot. Cover the bulbs about one inch 
deep, and do not force too fast. A temperature of 
55 degrees will be found most satisfactory. 

Plantings of lily-of-the-valley can be made during 
October, provided you procure cold storage bulbs, 
which, by the way, are the most satisfactory. I 
use nothing else. Plant the bulbs very closely, 
about roo to a flat, in good, sharp sand. The points 
of the pips should be left exposed. Place the flats 
on a pipe in the warmest spot you have, and spray 
frequently. After the flowers appear, bring the 
plants out to the light to color. 

There is no better flower for cutting than Star 
of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum Arabicum). Plant 
in flats about four inches apart each way, and place 
in a coldframe until they are well rooted, a tempera- 
ture of 55 degrees suiting them best. 

As a pot plant for hanging there is nothing better 
than oxalis. Plant six or eight bulbs in a 5-inch 
pot, and place in a sunny position in a temperature 
of 55 degrees. In the greenhouse these can be 
hung from the rafters and in this way do not occupy ~ 
any bench space. 

The Colvillii type of gladiolus forces well, but 
forcing should not commence until after January 
r5th. Put the bulbs in flats during October and 
place in a coldframe or a cool greenhouse until 
they are thoroughly rooted. They should then be 
grown on at a temperature of 55 degrees. 

One last bit of advice: a greenhouse is not a 
necessity in forcing these bulbs; they can all be 
grown. equally well in an ordinary window if 
proper attention be given to the temperature. 

The following varieties of Dutch hyacinths I 
recommend as giving satisfactory results when 
forced: a faits 

Single: Ida, yellow. La Grandesse, white. King 
of the Blues, dark blue. Czar Peter, light blue. 
Lord Macaulay, red. Gertrude, pink. 

Double Flowering: Bouquet Tendre, red. 
Charles Dickens, light blue. La Tour d’ Auvergne, 
white. Lord Wellington, pink. Garrick, dark 
blue. Bouquet Orange, yellow. 

Of the early single tulips, all the Duc Van Thols 
and also the following, are good: Proserpine, pink. 
Keiserskroon, red and yellow. Joost van Vondel, 
white. William Tresor, yellow. 

Double Flowering: Murrilo, rosy white. Tour- 
nesol, scarlet and yellow. Le Matador, bright 
scarlet. Salvator, deep rose. ‘ : 

Of the large trumpet narcissus Golden Spur is 
the earliest and Emperor is the largest. The fol- 
lowing are also excellent: Empress, yellow and 
white. Horsfieldii, Queen of Daffodils, yellow and 
white. 

Medium Cupped: Sir Watkin, yellow, wide 
chalice. Stella, white, orange cup. Minnie Hume, 
white, pale yellow cup. 

Short cupped, white: Poeticus and poeticus 
ornatus (Pheasant’s Eye), white with red cup. 

Double Flowering: Van Sion, the largest yellow. 
Albus plenus odoratus, pure white. Orange Phee- 
nix (Eggs and Bacon), orange and white. 

New York. W. C. Mé.C. 


Sra 


ae 


Ld Add LT 
Lf] 


Li 


Give one thorough watering after planting and 
before burying. This is all they need before 
forcing indoors 


OcToBeER, 1909 


A Double 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Glass Sash 


By W. S. BODLEY 
The new invention for hot-beds and cold-frames 


It means more to gardening than anything else since the invention oj the hot-bed itsel}. 
Tt increases the size, quality and rapidity oj growth of plants; it reduces the expense; tu 
saves nearly all the labor and all the risk. It makes winter gardening delightjul. 


VEN the most experienced will be surprised 
E at what he can accomplish with a frame of 
five double-glass sash. By planning ahead, 
he can use them throughout the entire year — can 
either make it extremely profitable or a source of 
very great pleasure. But don’t delay putting it in. 
If you want flowers, it will soon be too late for 
Christmas blooms. 


Makeshifts never pay 


Don’t try to build your sash and frame yourself. ' 


Get the best there is. Unless it is made perfectly 
it lets in the cold or the water seeps in and rots 
your frame or it warps and the sash won’t slide 
easily. There is an immense satisfaction in a 
perfect frame and a perfect sash. The double- 
glass sash comes ready in every detail and will 
Jast for ten or fifteen years and it never gives the 
slightest annoyance. 


You can get twice the results 


For example, under five double-sash, one man 
got violets in bloom all winter long when the snow 
was banked up around them. Early in December 
the violets will begin blooming freely and if kept 
picked, especially if several varieties are used, they 
may be plucked until early in the spring. 

With the Sunlight Double-glass Sash, after your 
plants are started, you have practically nothing to 
do but air them and watch them grow. Your 
beds mever need covering. The dry air between 
the two layers of glass is the best non-conductor 
there is—a much better protection than mats, 
boards, or shutters. It keeps your bed at a good 
growing warmth; makes your plants grow as 
vigorously as in the open air in May. 


Recommended by men who know 
The Sunlight Double-glass Sash is used by such 


men as Bolton Hall, intensive farming expert, 
author of Three Acres and Liberty; by R. L. 
Watts, Professor of Horticulture, Pennsylvania 
State College; by L. H. Cooch, editor of the Prac- 
tical Farmer, Philadelphia; by State Agricultural 
Stations and by the Agricultural Dept. at Cornell; 
also by H. B. Fullerton, director of the Long Island 
R.R. Experimental Stations, Dept. of Horticulture. 


It eliminates all risk. Plants under Sunlight 
Double-glass Sash have flourished during the 
coldest weather while those under single-glass 
sash and coverings have been blighted and nearly 
all lost. Sudden changes in temperature can’t 
affect the tenderest plants under Sunlight Sash. 


The principle on which it is built 


Heat rays follow light rays. Two layers of 
glass instead of one and between the layers a 2 inch 
cushion of air. No putty, panes are lapped and 
by an ingenious device held close to wood — can’t 
possibly work loose. In thawing weather, there 
is circulation enough to ventilate the bed. In 
freezing weather, every crevice freezes up tight, 
and air between the two layers of glass becomes 
absolutely dry —a perfect non-conductor. 


Two serious handicaps to the 
single-glass 


The man who uses the single-glass sash has 
found that it 1s covered so much of the time that 
his plants don’t get enough /ight. Plants need 
light —the more of it, the better. The Sunlight 
Double-glass sash is never covered. It lets 
in all the light all the time. This overcomes what 
has always been the most serious handicap to 
hot-beds and cold-frames. 

By doing away with mats, shutters and boards, 
the Sunlight Sash reduces the breakage of glass to 
a minimum and cuts out practically all of the work. 
You can handle your bed in half the time. 


Some of the things you can grow 


Plan ahead. Use your frame all the year 
around. You can force beets, early cabbage, 
cauliflower, celery, egg-plants, muskmelons, 
peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes — can raise your 
own pansies, violets, can get cosmos a month 
earlier than ever before. 

Wherever you live, you can accomplish a great 
deal even with a frame of five sash. Many thou- 
sands of these Sunlight Double-glass Sash are in 
use by market gardeners, private estates and in 
city and-suburban homes on large and small lots, 
from Middle Canada to Southern Florida. 

Start now. Write for four plans for a frame 
of five sash. To get the particulars address 
Mr. W. S. Bodley, 927 E. Broadway, Louisville, 
Ky. Full definite information with the approxi- 
mate cost will be gladly given. 


THE GARDEN MaAGaAzINE ADVERTISER 


133 


‘TJersey Red Sweet Potatoes 
grown under 


j 4 : i 
fi i “4 _ 
Single Glass " 


Sunligh 
Double Gi 


Last April, Mr. H. L. Fairfield of Home- 
wood, I[/l., wrote us: “Grew lettuce, radishes, 
onions, cabbages, cauliflower, tomatoes, pep- 
pers, eggplants, and various flowers in hot- 
beds under Sunlight Sash for private use. 
Plants were vastly superior in size, etc., and 
the sash are great labor and worry savers.” 

With a five sash frame, you have a fifteen 
by six foot growing space. For very little 
expense and practically no trouble, you can 
have fresh vegetables for your table when 
market prices are ridiculously high, and 
exquisite flowers all through the long winter. 


for Hot-beds 
and Cold-frames 


the only double-glass sash made 


Never needs covering. 

Keeps in the warmth — shuts out the 
cold. Gives your plants plenty of light and 
makes them stronger, earlier. 

Eliminates a// risk. The Sunlight is the 
best put up sash you can get anywhere. 


Try the Back-to-land Plan 


Know the pleasure and broader life that 
you can get from just a bit of winter gar- 
dening. Try it. Write for our catalog. 
It tells you everything you need know. 
Order early to insure prompt shipment. 
Get our freight prepaid proposition. 

Write to-day. Now is the time to prepare 
your beds. 


SUNLIGHT DouBLe Grass SasH Co., 
(Incorporated) 
927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 


u 


ari 


> ENS ox Ko = 


Gophers and Irrigation 


O*E of the excitements of irrigated gardening 

is gophers. You open the headgate, get the 
water running nicelv in the drills and then go into 
the house for a while, leaving the water to soak in. 
When you return, the stream is running feebly, or 
not at all, while down in your melon patch water 
is bubbling up from a mysterious spring, causing a 
small flood. The water has run out of your little 
lateral through one of the network of underground 
runways which the gophers have tunneled out. 
If you could find the hole at once, the annoyance 
would not be so great, but sometimes it is a matter 
of an hour before you can run down the leak. 

On one occasion, when a geyser broke through the 
ground in the neighborhood of my spinach, I 
turned off the water and hunted each little trench 
for the hole with’no success at all. Eventually 
I discovered that the water came underground 
through a gopher runway from the property of 
my neighbor who, was irrigating at the same time. 

The method of procedure on discovering a 
gopher hole is to spade up a good-sized sod, put it 
in the hole, grass side down, and plaster it well 
over with mud. Sometimes when the cavity 
beneath the surface is very large, the water breaks 
through again and again, and it is necessary to 
change the course of the ditch to procure a flow of 
water. The gopher pest can be fought to some 
extent with poison. Some ranchers offer a bounty of 
ten cents a gopher, and the small boys make pocket 
money trapping them. An excellent method of 
destroying them was given in the July, 1907, GAR- 
DEN MAGAZINE. 


Washington. Lucy M. ELtIs. 


Larkspur Blight and Other Things 


HE ammoniacal carbonate of copper solution 

for spraying hollyhocks, recommended in 

the May, 1909, number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 

is also very efficacious in eradicating the black 

blight which attacks delphiniums and also the 
diseases peculiar to the burning bush. 

As a great lover of the Oriental poppy, I wish to 
give to any others who may have a similar pleasure 
with it, and who may have had the sorrow of seeing 
the buds blast and those nearly ready to open turn 
black and rot, the remedy I have succeeded with. 
I use florists’ tinfoil cut into two and a half or 
three inch squares, which I place over the buds and 
slightly pinch in and around the stem. This 
method keeps out the rain, which causes all the 
trouble with me, and the foil can be removed 
easily and used again. It will not interfere with 
the opening of the poppies in the early morning, 
because it is ductile enough to allow the buds to 
expand and push off the foil. I have a sport which 
is a most beautiful heliotrope in color; it has 
blossomed two years and is an early one. I think 
I will try to propagate it now that I am assured 
it is true. 

I want to express my thanks for the spray calendar 
for amateurs in' the May number of THr GARDEN 
MAGAZINE. :, 


Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Amos C. RicH. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Growing Roman Hyacinths in 
Water 


1 THE October, 1908, number of THE GARDEN 

MacGazineE there appeared an article which stated 
that Roman hyacinths should be grown in soil only 
and that the bulbs would rot if grown in water. 
I have had such a pleasing result with a Roman 
hyacinth grown in water that I wish to recommend 
the experiment to others. 

One bulb, placed in a small vase on October oth, 
was brought into light November 25th and blos- 
somed from December 11th to January 1st. There 
were two flower spikes bearing sixteen small but 
very fragrant blossoms. 


Massachusetts. ROBERT D. BARDWELL. 


Re-potting Old House Plants 


es fall I had three old plants which received 
unusual treatment. The results have been 
so satisfactory that I think others may be interested. 
For a number of years, seven at least, the rubber 
plant had been growing in the same twelve-inch pot. 
But when a century plant was given me last Sep- 
tember, and I had no other pot large enough for it, 
I removed the rubber plant; the roots of which I 
found tightly packed in a dry ball of clayey soil. 
An eight-inch pot was the only thing I had to 
put it in. I poured water on the roots, loosening 
the soil at the same time with my hands, until the 
plant could easily be put into the smaller sized pot. 
Two leaves were later dropped from each branch, 
and it did not begin growing until January, but is 
now as vigorous as could be desired. 
The Camellia Japonica was treated similarly, 
but the roots were too fibrous and too closely matted 


House plants will grow amazingly if shifted to 
different pots before being brought indoors 


to permit of the ball being greatly reduced in size. 
On replacing it in the same pot, however, it was pos- 
sible to add a fair quantity of fresh earth. It 
immediately put out eleven flower buds. The 
first blossom, seen in the picture, opened in March. 

The third plant to be experimented with was 
the jasmine at the right. This had not blossomed 
for several years and stood so high in the pot that 
it was difficult to water, but after washing more 
than half the earth from the roots it was placed 
enough lower in the pot to admit of pouring on a 
pint and a half of water, and the soil was practi- 
cally renewed. It blossomed abundantly during 
October and November. 

Connecticut. C. 


Dahlia ‘Flowers for Cutting 


JX HINT about cutting and keeping dahlias 

will undoubtedly interest many lovers of the 
flower. Blossoms are best cut early in the mor- 
ning, while the dew is still on them; place immedi- 
ately in cold water and keep in a cool place for at 
least two hours. Dahlias thus treated will last 
for two or three days in perfect condition. 

If you send flowers to friends some dis- 
tance away and they should arrive at their destina- 
tion in a wilted condition, the stems should be 
placed immediately in boiling water. ‘The dahlias 
will quickly revive, and be as fresh as when picked. 

Massachusetts. M. F. 


OcToBeER, 1909 


Hardy Plants in South Dakota 


HE hardiness of trees and shrubs in different 
parts of the country is a subject that we 
believe appeals to all our readers. The plants that 
are perfectly hardy and vigorous in one section 
very often prove miserable failures in others, and 
it has been with a great deal of interest and pleasure 
that we have published, from time to time, notes 
on this subject. Mr. Horatio Tragitt, of Milbank, 
S. D., writes as follows: 
“A Viburnum Lantana, which 1 purchased from 
a reliable Eastern nurseryman a year ago, came 
through the winter perfectly, leafing out up to the 
tips of the branches. It had no winter protection 
beyond an inch or so of stable manure around its 
roots, and, as last winter in this section was one of 
extreme cold following an exceptionally hot and dry 
summer (during which the plant received no water), 
I believe that this viburnum would be perfectly 
hardy throughout the greater part of this state. 
“The other shrubs that I obtained at the same 
time — Viburnum Opulus (both the snowball and 
cranberry forms), Spirea Van Houttei, Deutzia 
Lemoinet, Philadelphus coronarius, Clethra alnifolia 
— were perfectly hardy. Euonymus Europeus and 
Cydonia Japonica killed back a few inches; 
Prunus Amygdalus was killed back to a greater ex- 
tent, but still made a satisfactory blossoming; and 
Cornus florida, Cercis Canadensis, Halesia tetrap- 
tera, Chionanthus Virginica, Rhus Cotinus and 
Forsythia viridissima were killed to the ground, 
but came up vigorously during the summer. If I 
had been able to procure northern-grown stock 
more plants, probably, would have lived.” 


From a Tulip Enthusiast 


| ae fall I neglected to order my bulbs antil 

very late and was very much disappointed 
to find that the kinds I wanted could not be had from 
my seedsman. I was prevailed upon by him to 
substitute for my early flowering bulbs some 
“wonderfully beautiful, tall-growing, late-flowering 
kinds that he knew would more than delight me.” 
As a check to his enthusiastic superlatives I agreed 
to take these, suspecting at the same time that it 
was a business dodge to work off some superfluous 
stock. Since then I have time and time again felt 
a great remorse of conscience for the suspicion. 

The stock he offered me were Darwin tulips. 
I had read a good deal about them in THE GARDEN 
MaGazine, and figured on trying them some day. 
Now that we have become acquainted I feel like 
planting nothing but Darwin tulips in my garden. 

My enthusiasm is apt to carry me too far in 
describing them, but in the most matter of fact 
manner I want to say that nothing has ever given 
me so much real delight as my Darwin tulip beds. 
They are not expensive and remembering what I 
have read I am going to plant them about my shrub- 
bery next year and leave them there to propagate. 

I am also regularly growing a stock of tulips from 
“offsets,” having commenced this work after read- 
ing an article relative to it in THE GARDEN MAGaA- 
ZINE some three years ago. While my supply is 
very limited I have conclusively proved that the work 
is very easy of accomplishment and expect in the 
course of a few years to grow all the bulbs I need for - 
my garden. 


Massachusetts. A. DUFFY. 


and are a source 
of constant delight to the tulip lover 


Darwin tulips are not expensive 


OcrToBeER, 1909 


THE 


BAR SOAP 


probably Kills as many 

omen as Bar-rooms 
do Men. Why isn’t this 
Habit of Overwork at 
the Washtub—the most 
Unwomanly, Unnatural, 
Unhealthy kind of Labor 
_—why isn’t this De 


Habit > 

q If you re opposed to 
needless Hard Work for 
| Women, join PEAR- 
| LINE’ S crusade against 
iit. First, use PEAR- 
| LINE to help yourself. 
Then, having satished 
| yourself as to the Ease 
Quickness and E:conomy 
of PEARLINE’S Way 
help others by getting 
them to use it. 


Pune like the Dnnk 
| 
| 


“Sten Lively” 


ry If you wish to purchase live stock 
G A R D E N M AN G A Zi, I N E write teihic Redden Bema: 135 


What color scheme shall I use 
to paint, decorate and furnish 
my new home? 


HIS is a question which we can help 

you solve, if you will simply accept the 

service of our Decorative Department. 

This service is absolutely free of cost 
and _ is intended to acquaint you with the many 
artistic effects obtainable by means of Sherwin- 
Williams decorative materials. At the same 
time it places you under no obligation to pur- 
chase them. 

To begin with, we will send you several 
color suggestions for the exterior painting of 
the building. These suggestions consist of color 
diagrams and colored proofs in perspective. 
Then we will send you an elevation sketch of 
each and every room in your home, together 
with complete specifications and even sugges- 
tions for curtains, rugs, portieres, etc., if you 
desire them. 


“Stencils and Stencil 
Materials”’ is the title 
of a little book which 
tells how to decorate 
with stencils. Itis 
sent free. 


SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 
PAINTS &VARNISHES 


It is only necessary to send us an outline of 
the conditions surrounding your painting and 
decorating. Such information as the kind of 
wood used on standing woodwork and floors, 
the material used on walls, interior and ex- 
terior, etc., is of assistance to us in working 
up our suggestions. Blue prints or rough pen- 
cil sketch of ground plan should also be sent. 
We will prepare these suggestions for a single 
room or for the entire house. 

Our decorators have designed an ideal 
house plan portfolio entitled “‘An Ideal Plan of 
Home Decoration,’’—sent free of cost. This 
portfolio consists of twelve beautiful color 
plates (two exterior views and one showing 
each room in the house) together with a book 
of specifications and full information about 
our Decorative Department. Ask for B-73. 


Address all inquiries to Decorative Department, 
657 Canal Road, N.W., Cleveland, Ohto 


Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers 


For Dark, Shady Places 


Thereis no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive 
there. Thereis nosoilsolightand sandy but that some of our hardy wild 


ferns will beautify it. 


For 5 years we have been growing these hardy ferns 


and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. Wecan supply 
fernsfor the dark corner by the porch, orferns and flowers, including our 
native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and 
swampy spots, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by 
plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the 
home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. We aiso grow the hardy 
flowers which require open sunlight — primroses, campanulas, digitalis, 


violets, etc. 


Write for my descriptive catalogue. Ittells about this class of plants, 


The Scuppernong Grape Vine 


I HAVE always been very much interested in the 

subject of hardiness of plants and trees, and 
have transplanted a number from farther south to 
this part of Southern Maryland, a peninsula located 
between the mouths of the Patuxent and Potomac 
rivers near Chesapeake Bay. 

In North Carolina the Scuppernong grape vine 
assumes immense proportions, and vines which I 
have brought from Georgia and Florida and planted 
here have grown amazingly. They have passed 
through very severe winters (for this part of the 
country) with only slight injury to the terminal 
portions of the vines. 

Last year the vines produced a few delicious 
grapes, and I am in hopes that the crop will increase 
each year. I have every reason to believe that this 
is the northernmost point where the Scuppernong 
has fruited. It seems to be quite generally known 
that it bears fruit in southern tidewater Virginia. 
I have never seen the thermometer register a very 
low temperature in this place, and the success of 
the vine may be due to the moderate temperature 
during the winter months, which is undoubtedly 
caused by the near proximity of large bodies of sea 
water as well as the latitude. 

It may interest some readers to know that the 
Scuppernong matured its fruits at this point about 
the latter part of October, or the first of November. 
The ordinary grape vine usually begins to fruit 
the first part of August, and has nearly finished 
bearing by the early part of September. 

Maryland. A. L. Hopepon. 


Fall Planting Peaches in the South 


Ne years ago I planted two dozen one-year- 
old seedling peach trees in the open ground 
during the middle of October. They had stopped 
growing and were shedding their leaves, pre- 
paring for their winter rest. They were from two 
and one-half to three feet high, and were planted 
about four inches deeper than they had been grow- 
ing, in a well-prepared, thin, sandy, loam soil 
eighteen by eighteen feet apart. ‘The soil was kept 
damp, and the trees began at once to form new roots. 
By spring they had developed a perfect root system, 
which enabled them to make a much stronger 
and earlier growth than if planted a month or two 
later in the preceding fall. 
The first, second, and third years after planting 
the trees grew considerably. The soil was liberally 


We BA EEE 


may be planted in fall. 
Fruits from October set trees 


In the South peaches 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


fertilized each spring with stable manure and 
commercial fertilizer. The second year several 
of the trees produced from two to six peaches each, 
and the third year they were literally covered with 
blossoms, but a cold, northwest wind inadver- 
tently killed most of them. It would have killed 
all the flowers, but the trees were on the south side 
of a hill, and this protected them to some extent. 

Last year, the fourth from planting, every 
branch was practically covered with fruit, the 
branches being bent low by the weight. The trees 
were then about eighteen feet high and sixteen feet 
in diameter. The rapid growth and early fruit- 
ing, however, was as much due to good cultivation, 
pruning and the liberal use of stable manure as to 
early fall planting. When everything is favor- 
able, you can gain very much in growth in the 
spring by planting during the preceding October; 
but if it is not favorable (which ten to one it won’t 
be) you will waste both the trees and the time it 
took to plant them. 

The safest and most convenient time for plant- 
ing most fruit and shade trees in the South is after 
the first frost in November. I also find it best 
to order trees direct from a nursery rather than to 
buy them from an agent. The trees from a nur- 
sery arrive in better condition than those purchased 
from an agent, and if there is any complaint to be 
made, the average agent is very often a hard man 
to locate. ‘Therefore, buy from a reliable nursery- 
man in whom you have confidence. 

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED. 


Raising Onions in the Strawberry 
Bed 


I HAD raised good crops of strawberries for 

several years, and bumper crops of onions for 
several years more, before it occurred to me that 
both crops could be profitably raised on the same 


land at the same time. ‘The first essential is that 
the land must be in good tilth, and free from all 
sorts of weed seed, especially foxtail. “To accom- 
plish this, it is necessary to begin operations two or 
three years in advance, for it is my experience that 
a good share of the success of the succeeding crops, 
as well as the amount of labor involved, depends 
upon the proper preparation of the soil and the 
rotation following. 

My plan is to begin with a crop of late cabbage 
on ground that has been manured the previous fall. 
Manure is applied with the spreader at the rate of 
about twelve loads to the acre. 

I plow late in the spring, after most of the weed 
seed has started growing, drag as plowed, and drag 
or disk every week or ten days until the cabbage 
is set. The ground is kept clean for the rest of the 
season. The second year I sow the ground to 
clover in the spring, and clip it three or four times 
during the summer in order to prevent it from 
going to seed. In August the ground is plowed, 
and later top dressed with manure at the rate of ten 
or twelve loads to the acre. 

The third year the same ground is planted to 
melons or squash. No weeds are allowed to seed. 
Plowing is done in October after the crop of melons 
is off. After plowing, the soil is manured again 
with well-rotted manure so as to avoid the intro- 
duction of weed seed. 

After these three years of preparation and three 
applications of manure, my ground is in ideal 
condition and as free from weed seed as it is possible 
to get it. 

Last spring, preparation began on the first 
of April, as soon as the ground could be worked 


OcToBER, 1909 


A bed of onions and strawberries profitably raised 
On the same ground at the same time 


without packing. In this instance the ground was 
disked, dragged and leveled off with a float. On 
April 3d two pounds of onion seed, that had been 
previously tested, were sowed. I use a combination 
drill and hoe, and sow in rows four feet apart, and 
in two or three weeks the onions are up and ready 
to be cultivated, which I begin by hoeing with a 
wheel hoe, going astride of the rows and working as 
close to the plants as can be done. ‘This is done 
when the ground is friable. 

I cultivate between the rows with a fine-tooth 
horse cultivator. The mark of a cultivator tooth 
nearest the centre, between the rows of onions, is 
selected as the mark for the row for strawberry 
plants. Holes are made in the moist, mellow earth 
with a hoe, cutting, slanting and deep, a hole every 
other step as one walks forward, following the 
mark and looking straight ahead all the while. I 
challenge anyone to make straighter rows than 
can be made in this way. The more holes are made 
at one time than can be setin half an hour. Plants 
are set well down with the roots spread out in 
slanting cut of the hoe, being careful to set in firm 
and to cover the crown. 

The ground is cultivated every week or ten days, 
using the wheel hoe astride of the onions first, and 
horse cultivator between the rows. Always cul- 
tivate as soon after each rain as the ground becomes 
friable. Should it rain often, and before the ground 
becomes as dry as it should, cultivate anyway. 
I once knew it to rain twenty-seven days in June; 
we cultivated every four or five days, in this case 
always before the rain. 

At the third hoeing the onions were hand weeded 
and the strawberries hand hoed. At the fifth and 
last cultivation, about the tenth of July, there were 
a few stray weeds in the rows which were pulled up. 

The onions are pulled as soon as the roots begin 
to die; if they are not pulled at the right time they 
will send out new roots and start to grow again. 
Let the onions lay in the rows about two weeks, 
or until the tops are dry, when they may be easily 
broken off and the bulbs stored in a dry shed. 
Be sure to have a good circulation of air. Do not 
pile them up more than twelve or fifteen inches 
deep. If cramped for room, put in an upper deck. 

After onions are off, we go once or twice between 
the rows of strawberries with the horse cultivator 
to keep down weeds that may start in the fall. 

My plot of ground was twenty rods long and 
seven wide, and contains seven-cighths of an acre. 
Onions yielded 266 bushels, and were sold to the 
local trade at a dollar per bushel. Cost of labor for 
both onions and strawberries amounted to $92.20 
and were as one Neate a paca of $173.80: 


Plowing $ 2.00 
Spreading manure 6.00 
Disking, harrowing and floating 2.00 
Sowing onionseed . . 2.00 
Setting strawberry plants 3-00 
Wheel-hoeing onions four times . 4.00 
Hand-hoeing strawberries . 4.00 
Cultivating six times . 9.00 
Hand-weeding once 6.00 
Pulling weeds 2 1.50 
Pulling onions, topping, storing . 15-00 
Marketing 16.00 
Two pounds onion seed (Red Globe) 4.50 
3,300 strawberry plants (Senator) 13.20 
Rental value of land 4.00 

Total cost $92.20 


Towa. * Joun S. CLARKE. 


OcTOBER, 1909 


One customer writes under date of 


March 30th, this year:— 


“Dutch Bulbs purchased of you 
last fall are producing beautiful 
blooms.” 


Buy of the direct importer and you 
will no doubt get the same results 
next spring. 


Beautifully Wlustrated Catalogue Mailed Free 


J. M. THORBURN & CO. 


Dept. G. 
33 Barclay St. and 38 Park Place. NEW YORK CITY 


Bobbink & Atkins 
World’s Choicest Nursery Products 
For Autumn Planting 


ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS SHADE AND WEEPING TREES 
AND FLOWERING SHRUBS—in every variety. 


EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND BOXWOOD —have become a garden 
necessity. Every lawn, even of highly developed beauty, can be made 
more beautiful by their proper use. We have many acres planted with 
beautiful Evergreens of all the hardiest and choicest kinds. Our Ever- 
greens are well cultiyated and can be dug with a ball of roots and earth. 


HARDY OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS —in every variety, including a 
superb collection of Pzonias, for Old Fashioned Flower Gardens and 
Borders. 


HARDY TRAILING VINES AND CLIMBERS IN POTS AND FIELD 
GROWN-—for every place and purpose; can be planted at any time. 
Price list mailed on application. 

BULBS—We import many tons of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus and other 


kinds from Holland; also quantities of Japanese, French and English 
Bulbs. If interested, ask for our AUTUMN BULB CATALOG. 


POT GROWN STRAWBERRIES—ready for immediate planting; a 
large quantity of all the finest and most profitable varieties. A special 
list will be mailed on request. Order at once and avoid disappointment. 

LAWN GRASS SEED—Our Rutherford Park Mixture stil] remains 
unequalled. 

OUR NURSERY PRODUCTS will give permanent satisfaction to pur- 
chasers, because they possess the standard of quality created by the 
highest grade of cultivation. 

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG No. 25 will tell you about 
the above and all other products for Lawns and Gardens. Write for it. 

A VISIT TO OUR NURSERY will prove of interest and great value 
to you in making your selections. 


Rutherford, N. J. 


Nurserymen and Florists 


Ij y ish hase live- k 
SINEAD an vASR OR EIANOn WWI AaGoAr Zl NIB, 2 aera daa clefse bau stoe 137 


Sweet Peas in Flower in May 


From Fall Planted Seed 


To have Larly Sweet Peas, the secret of success lies in Fall Sowing. Sow 
any day after September 15th up to October 10th. Sow in deep, rich, well 
drained soil. Sow ¢hickly in a trench four to five inches deep. Further 
directions sent with each order. Best results for spring flowering are ob- 
tained from the following sorts: 


White—Sadie Burpee Yellow—Sunshine 
Pink and Rose—Lovely—B. Ferry Lavender—Countess of Radnor 


Blue—Navy Blue Scarlet—Salopian— Mars 


Any of these per packet 5 cts.; oz., 10 cts.; 14 lb., 30 cts. 
Six large packets, one of each for 25 cts. 


Our $3 Rainbow 
Collection for House 
Culture, 200 Bulbs 


will 


Flower throughout the win- 
ter. 


Brighten your home. 
Decorate your dining table. 
Cheer your sick friend. 


Serve as a unique Xmas. 
gift. 


Unequalled for ease of cul- 
ture and abundance of 
bloom, 


8 Dutch Hyacinths, assor- 
ted colors. 
8 French Roman Hya- 
cinths. 
2 Chinese Narcissus or 
Sacred Lily. 
4 Easter Snow White 
Trumpet Lily. 
12 Early Forcing Y ellow 
Trumpet Narcissus. 
12 Paper White Narcissus. 
12 Single Forcing Tulips. 
12 Double Forcing Tulips. 
24 Fragrant Freesias. 
12 Allium Neapolitanum, 
12 Mariposa Tulips. 
12 Oxalis. 
12 Brodiaeas. 
6 Calla Ethiopica. 
12 Narcissus Poeticus Or- 
natus (forces well). 
10 Each Yellow, White, 
Blue and Striped Crocus. 


CHINESE NARCISSUS IN BLOOM 
Six weeks from planting in house 


Our $3 Rainbow Collection for the Garden. 200 Hardy Bulbs. 
Plant in September—October. 


4 Lil. Candidum (Madonna Lily). 28 Spanish Iris, assorted colors. 
12 Single Mixed Tulips. 12 Sweet Scented Jonquils. 
12 Double Mixed Tulips. 12 Daffodils. 
12 Dutch Hyacinths, assorted colors. 12 Narcissus Poeticus. 
24 Snowdrops. 12 Scilla Sibirica. 
10 Each White, Yellow, Blue and 12 Chionodoxia(Glory of Snow). 
Striped Crocus. 12 Grape Hyacinths. 
Note—We pay express charges at above price, delivering you the Bulbs free. One-half 
of any of the two collections at $1.75. One-quarter of any of the two collections 


at $1.00. The two collections for $5.00. Or the double quantity of any of the 
two for $5.00. Send for our interesting fall 1909 catalogue, Address 


H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren Street, NEW YORK CITY 


I Lanning tobuild the Readers 
138 CE LAS eS THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctToser, 1909 


LAST CALL FOR PEONITES scr ciesen‘nacazne 


Other Growers Ship in the Spring, and as Late in the Fall as You May Send in an Order 
\ 


We do not ship in the Spring and our Fall 
Season closes Oct. 31st.—There’s a good reason 


Purchase Your Peonies from TRUE Peony Specialists 
We Grow Peonies— 


Nothing Else 


Offering Only the Choicest and Best Varieties, Guaranteed True, Vigorous, High-Grade Roots 
“OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF OUR STOCK” 


The liberal policy we have observed from 
fie GEE SIE ees the outset, serves perhaps to sufficiently ike Peoniesicomebester™ 
Pens route aa eee explain the phenomenal growth of this busi- dksy., Whey ane wear fae Ane 
good ones, but the roots just ness. The rapid increase of a discriminating deed. Most of them look 
received from you are the clientele is strikingly significant as evidence ikke fovea ere fat eee 
cores andi ones! a ae of fair methods, and that “specializing”—in appreciate the quality of Pate 
generous dealing.” this instance at least —is not an empty stock and wish you a much 


catch-phrase. deserved success.” 
“ART CATALOG FREE ON REQUEST” 


Mohican Peony Gardens, Box 300, Sinking Spring, Penn’a. 


From Collinsville, Ala.: 


INTELLIGENT SPRAYING 


The Rural New-Yorker stated editorially, Sept. 19th, 1908:—' The Rural Grounds now appear to be free from scale for the first 
time in 12 years. * * * It has been a long fight, excessively discouraging until the soluble oils came to the rescue three years ago. 
The prospect brightened at the first trial of these handy preparations, and repeated use seems to have resulted in victory.’’ Spraying 


was omitted this year “Ss C A Be E C I D Ee 


alone did more in three years than Lime-Sulphur and other “dopes’’ did in nine. Are you still in the Lime-Sulphur ranks? 
PRICES:—In barrels aud half barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gallon cans, $6.00; 5 gallon cans, $3.25; 1 gallon cans, $1.00 


SEND FOR BOOKLET, ‘ORCHARD INSURANCE” 
If you want cheap oils, our _CARBOLEINE”’ at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else. 
B, G. PRATT CO., MANUFACTURING CHEIIISTS, 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY. 


Genasco 
Ready Roofing 


Trinidad Lake asphalt is the backbone of Genasco. It 
is the greatest weather-resister known. It makes Genasco 
cost a little more, and makes it worth it because it lasts so 
long. 


When you don’t have leaks, damage, repairs, and re- 
newals to pay for, you have real roof economy. 


Get Genasco—the worth while roofing for every building on the farm. Look for the hemisphere 
trade-mark, and you’! get the roofing backed by a thirty-two-million-dollar guarantee. Mineral and 
smooth surface. Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book. 


THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY 


Largest producers of asphalt and largest 
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world 


PHILADELPHIA 
New York San Francisco Chicago 


What Do these Balls Mean 


I SHALL never forget my first view of the accom- 
panying picture because some one had made 
the preposterous mistake of writing on the back of it 
the name “Dahlia.” Later I saw a strange bush 
in a garden which I immediately connected with the 
picture because it had the same curious balls of 
white flowers. The mysterious appearance of these 
flowers is due to the fact that they have no petals! 
The showy part is composed of stamens. And 
I was still further surprised to learn that this 
singular shrub is a cousin of the witch hazel. 
Its name is Fothergilla major and it is native of 
the southern Alleghenies. It attains a height of 


Fothergilia major, covered with curious balls of 
flowers, is an interesting sight in shrubberies 


six feet and blooms in spring, just when its leaves 
are appearing. The leaves resemble those of the 
witch hazel in form and also in their autumn 
color, which is yellow. The plant thrives best in 
a moist, sandy, peaty soil. Mr. Rehder says that 
the seeds do not germinate until the second year 
and layers require two years to root properly. 
It seems unlikely, therefore, that gardens will be 
overrun with this interesting and curious hardy 
shrub. I presume it could be safely planted now. 
The picture was taken at the Arnold Arboretum. 
Pennsylvania. W. E. PENDLETON. 


The Feathered Hyacinth 


Or of the most astonishing transformations 
made in a flower by cultivation is that of 
the feathered hyacinth here pictured. I suppose 
that everyone who reads this knows the common 
grape hyacinth, which has clusters of blue, purple, 
or white flowers in March or April. It is a lovely 


1} you wish to purchase live-stock 


OcToBeER, 1909 write the Readers’ Service 139 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


One of the Quaintest Pieces of 
Colonial Furniture Ever Reproduced 


’ 


p] 
The “Scrooge and Marley” Strong Box 
miEFORE the days of national banks, our ancestors had to keep 
their valuables in various sorts of chests and cupboards. Thus 
we find the ‘‘Bureau Desk,’’ and other cabinet-pieces containing 
secret drawers. 


The family plate was kept in the ‘‘Strong Box,’ of which this picture 
shows one of the quaintest and sturdiest examples. 


PAINT TALKS No. 9— 
Advantages of Fall Painting 


The fall of the year offers several advantages as a 
painting time, First, and most important, surfaces 
are almost sure to be dry; there is no frost or inner 
moisture to work out after the paint is applied. 
There are no flies or gnats about to stick in the 
paint and mar the finished surface; there is less 
dust. Paint applied in the fall means protection 
against the penetrating winter storms: it means less 
likelihood of finding rotted joints and opened fis- 
sures in the spring. d 

Pure White Lead and Linseed Oil (tinted as de- 
sired) give a reliable winter coat to a building—an 
armor against the hardest attacks of the weather, 
White Lead and Linseed Oil paint does not crack 
open and scale off. It stays on until gradually worn 
off—leaving an excellent surface for repainting. 


The Dutch Boy Painter 
Trade-Mark is Your |Painting Outfit 
Guarantee Free 


Buy of your local dealer if | We have prepared a 
possible. If he hasn’t it—do J little sackabe SP things 
not accept something else |bearing on the subject 
—write our nearest office. |of painting which we 

call House-owners’ 


NATIONAL LEAD | Painting Outfit V 


COMPANY It includes: 


An office in each of the 
Sollowing cities: 


New York; Boston, Buffalo, 
Cincinnati, Chicago, Oleve- 
land, St. Louis, (John ‘T. 
Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadel- 
phia), (National Lead & Oil 
Co., Pittsburgh.) 


1—Book of color 
schemes (state 
whether you wish 
interior or exte- 
rior schemes). 
2—Specifications 
for aJl kinds of 
Painting. 
3—Instrument 


for detecting 
adulteration in 
paint material, 
with, directions 
for using it, 


Free on request to 
any reader who asks for 
House-owners’ Paint- 


Painting ing Outfit V 


Outfit 


R 


No. D—329 The ‘‘Scrooge and 
Marley” Strong Box. 


These Strong Boxes so appeal to lovers 
of Colonial, that we now equip them with a 
standard steel fire-proof combination-safe; 
and they are widely used, not only for plate, 
but in bedrooms, as a convenient and safe 
repository for jewels and money. 


It goes without saying that a ‘‘Scrooge and 
Marley”’ Strong Box will add an indescribably 
old-fashioned touch to any room. 


Made of solid Honduras mahogany, very rich 
and figury, in ‘‘egg-shell’” finish; bound 
with satin-finished brass bands. Solid brass 
handles. 


Width (overall) 24 inches; height (overall) 
30 inches; price, including safe, $92.50 


This picture is one of several hundred photographic repro- 
ductions from our catalogue-folio “FOREFATHERS’ 
FURNITURE.” 


Our immense three-gallery collection of Furniture is represented in numerous other folios, and our 
system of sending samples of coverings and many other sorts of merchandise, and our Mail Order 
Service in general, are described ina prettily illustrated book, bound in boards, the Wanamaker 


“GUIDE BOOK.” 


On request, we will send the ‘‘GUIDE BOOK,” free, postpaid. 


Also those who have a room or house to decorate and furnish, and who will send us a rough sketch, or blue— 
print, will receive samples, color-schemes, pictures of Furniture, suggestions and estimates, if they will 
address our “DECORATIVE ADVISORY BUREAU—Section H. NO CHARGE FOR THIS SERVICE. Send 


communications to the New York Store. 


Philadelphia 


JOHN WANAMAKER 


NEW YORK 


For Liquor and 
Drug Using 


A scientific remedy which has been 
skilfully and successfully administered by 
medical specialists for the past 29 years 


AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES: | 


Hot Springs, Ark. 
Denver, Col. 


West Haven, Conn. 
Washington, D. C., 


Dwight, Ill. 
Marion, Ind. 
Plainfield, Ind. 
Des Moines, Ia. 
Crab Orchard, Ky. 


211 N. Oapitol St. Lexington, Mass. 


Buffalo. N. Y. 
White Plains, N. Y. 


Pittsburg, Pa., 
4246 Fifth Ave. 


Portland, Me. 
Grand Rapids. Mich., 


265 8S. College Av. 
Kansas City, Mo. 
St. Louis, Mo. 


Manchester, N. H. 


Columbus, Ohio. 


Portland, Oregon. 


Philadelphia. Pa. 


812 N. Broad St. 


Providence. R. I. 


Toronto, Ont., Canada. 
Winnipeg. Manitoba. 
London, England. 


140 


TREES 
PLANTS 


Meehan’s 
Garden 
Bulletin 


A bright, new, up-to-date garden paper 
for the true lover of all that is beautiful 
in Nature. 

Edited by practical horticulturists who 
have had many years of experience. 


for the amateur as well as the professional. 
On application a copy of the first num- 

ber—September—will be mailed free. 
Still a few copies remaining. 


Thomas Mechan & Sons 


Incorporated 
PUBLISHERS 
Nurserymen and Horticulturists 
Box 17, Germantown, Phila. 


TREESO 
PLANTS 


There’s Money in P oultry 


Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry 
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the 
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to 
mike poultry pay. 


a yy) 
5 


Personal instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. 


OUT OF DOOR WORKERS 


<> Men who cannot stop for a 
"=~ —— rainy day - will find the 
wes Greatest comfort and free- 
‘¥i.dom of bodily movement . 


, Po _in <OWER's 


Prof. Graham 


OILED 
SLICKERS*#23¢° 
SUITS #39° 


(BLACK OR YELLOW) 
IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS 
SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 
ae —4 CATALOG *16 FREE: 
| AJcTower Co. Boston.U.S.A. TOWER CANADIAN Co, LIMITED TORONTO CAN. 


The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 
information about foreign travel 


The feathered hyacinth has been transformed 
from a species with urn-shaped flowers like those 
in the next picture 


hardy, bulbous plant and, by the way, now is the 
time to get the bulhs of it. 

I doubt if the curious mass of shreds here shown 
is produced by the common species, viz., Muscari 
botryoides. According to the Cyclopedia of 
American Horticulture, it is derived from a rarer 
species known as M. comosum or the “bearded 
grape hyacinth,” from the fact that the upper 
flowers in the spike are sterile and conspicuously 
bearded. The feathering of the plant here pic- 
tured is simply a development of these sterile 
or bearded flowers at the expense of the fertile 
or urn-shaped flowers. The process is, therefore, 


The common grape hyacinth (WM. botryoides) show- 
ing urn-shaped flowers which are fertile 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


OcToBER, 1909 


Grow 
Chestnuts 
Like This 


For Profit “«« 
Overs a 50c. piece, 


Whether you have one acre, or a hun- 
dred, you can get bigger profits per acre 
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any 
other crop you could plant. 

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth; luxuri- 
ant foliage; spreading boughs; clean trunk ; 
stateliness ; immunity from parasitic blight— 

These qualities have been combined and de- 
veloped by science to a degree that closely bor- 
ders perfection, in the new 


SOBER PARAGON 


Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut 


A single crop, Fall of 1908, brought $30,000 
(5,000 bushels @ $6.00 a bushel). And that or- 
chard was only 7 years old, 

The only large sweet chestnut in the world. 

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says 
““The Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality 
to the native chestnut of any of the cultivated 
varieties that I have examined. It is of large 
size, fine appearance and excellent flavor.” 

The Sober Paragon bears the second year—a 
5-year old tree grew 500 burrs in 1 year. The 
nuts average 1 to 2 1nches in diameter—and 3 to 
5 nuts ina burr. 

We offer 3 to 5-foot grafted trees for delivery 
Fall, 1909, and Spring, 1910. Orders being 
booked now. oon 

Testimony from growers, commission mer- 
chants, Forrestry Experts, etc., given in our free 
booklet, together with prices and particulars. 

We own exclusive con- 
trol of the Sober Para- 
gon. This copyrighted 
metal seal is attached 
to every genuine tree, 
when shipped. 


Write today for the booklet. Address “Desk B* 


GLEN BROS, Nursery, Sole Agents, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


LO-KEE, THE INDIAN GOD 


Is the original of all Gods of Good Luck; centuries old. 

Lo-Kee is hand made in Indian Pottery and hand colored 
by our New Mexico Indians. He brings a year’s good 
fortune into your home, office or den. Stands about 6 inches 
high; weighs about 2 pounds. Regular price, $1.50; but to 
introduce we will send t only to a customer answering this 
advertisement, express paid, with our warranty of genuineness 
and copy of ** The Legend of Lo-Kee”’ for only 84 cents. 
The genuine Lo-Kee is procurable only from us. 108-p. Art 
Catalogue of rare Indian and Mexican Handicraft for 10ce. 


Special Offer. Tointroduce our FREE Holiday 
Catalog of Indian and Mexican Handicraft, we will 
send this genuine hand-woven Indian Basket, pre- \3™ 
paid anywhere for 25c. Strong, useful, ornamental, Biijes 
in pretty colors: 8in. high. Good for work basket, § 
flower pots, etc. Retails for $1.00. 5 sent to the ¥ 
same address for $1.00 and names and addresses of 
five interested friends. 

THE FRANCIS E. LESTER COMPANY 
Dept. J 10 Mesilla Park, New Mexico 


ONTRAST a dried-out, 

weather-worn strap from 
a harness ignorant of oil, with 
the soft, glove-like, springy qual- 
ity of leather oiled with 


EUREKA 
Harness Oil 


Think how much better the 
leather looks; how much easier 
it is for the horse; and how 
much longer it will wear. 
Nothing like “ Eureka’’ Oil to 
make a harness soft and black. 
Ask your dealer. 


STANDARD OIL COMPANY 
(Incorporated) 


OcToBER, 1909 


NOW SOLD ON SUBSCRIPTION 


- 7 ‘ i i ih r ie a 
TR THES ae) «THE TE THE THE 
N CARDEN GARDEN gap DEN GARDEN, CARDED GARDEN GARDEN GARDEN 
RY LIBRARY. LIBRARY BRAY b | LER LIBRARY mr 


HOUSE LAWNS i aN? APEE WATER 
PLANES) i DMS LiLtes 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Books Every Reader of the 
Garden Magazine Should Own 


Ihe 
arden Library 


Complete in Nine Volumes 


HIS hbrary marks a new era in garden literature, as it is the first series of low- 
priced, practical and beautifully illustrated handbooks on home gardening that 
has ever appeared in America. These volumes, written by competent author- 


ities on the subjects, are full of good, helpful advice and instruction for all who 
grow plants and flowers, and for those who take an interest in the maintenance 
and improvement of the country home grounds. 


The nine volumes in “The Garden Library” are uniformly bound in service- 
able green cloth, decorated; size, 5x75; profusely illustrated throughout, including 


many 


“how to’ pictures, planting tables, plans for gardens, etc. As a ready 


reference work on matters pertaining to the country home and grounds “The 


DOUBLEDAY DOUBLEDAY 
JBLED ee (OUBLEDAY, OWBLEDAY DOUBLEDAY YUBL-COAY DOYBLEDAY DOUBL 
PAGER ED, AGERE PAGERCO ae a PAGERON PAGEBGD PAGEREO PAGERGO PAGE SCO. 


e e 
Daffodils Narcissus and Howto Grow Them 
By A. M. KIRBY 
All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs 
written from the standpoint of American conditions. 


I. Old-time and Modern Daffodils and Narcissus. II. Daffodils in the Garden Border. III. 
Flowering Daffodils in Winter. IV. Water Culture in the House. V. The Commercial Produc- 
tion of Cut Flowers. VI. Naturalizing in the Grass. WII. Miniature Daffodils for the Rock Gar- 
den. VIII. The One Insect and One Disease. IX. Straightening Daffodil Nomenclature and 
Classification. X. The Large Trumpet Daffodils. XI. The Lesser Trumpet, Hoop-Petticoat and 
Cyclamen-flowered Daffodils. XII. The Medium-Crown Hybrids. XIII. The Pheasant’s Eye 
and Poet's Hybrid Narcissus. XIV. The Sweet-scented Jonquils and Campernelles. XV. The 
Tender Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVI. The Hardy Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVII. 
Double Daffodils and Narcissus of all Groups, XVIII. Some Autumn Flowering Species. XIX. 
Hybridizing and Raising from Seed. 


House Plants and How to Grow Them 
By P. T. BARNES 
A manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home RUAN ENON: their 
raising from seed and propagation in the window garden. 


I. How Other People Have Succeeded. IJ. Making the Soil Foundation. III. Potting and Re- 
potting. IV. Raising Plants from Seed.  V. Propagation by Cutting, etc. VI. In Sickness and 
in Health. VII. Bulbs from Thanksgiving to Easter. VIII. The Winter Window Garden. IX. 
Flowering Plants. House Conditions. X. Roses, Carnations and Chrysanthemums. XI. Cac- 
tuses and Other Succulents. XII. Nine Iron Clad Palms. XIII. Foliage Plants other than Palms. 
XIV. Reliable Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms. XV, Window Gardening Tools and Accessories. 
XVI. Forcing with Ether. XVII. A Window Gardener’s Calendar. 


The Flower Garden 


By IDA D. BENNETT 
“A elear and concise summary of eyery possible sort of information that 
might be desired by anyone interested in gardens.’’ Scientific American. 


I. The Location and Arrangement of the Garden. II. Soils. III. Fertilizers, 1V. The Hot- 
bed, Coldframe and Sand-box. V. Purchasing of Seeds. VI. Starting Seeds in Flats. VII. Trans- 
planting and .Repotting. VIII. House Plants from Seeds. IX. Outside Window Boxes. X. 
Various Annuals from Seed. XI. Vines. XII. Ornamental Foliage Plants from Seed. XIII. 
Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants. XIV, Aquatics. XV. The Care of the Summer Rose-bed. 
XVI. The Hardy Lily-bed. XVII. The Care of Cannas, Caladiums, Dahlias, and Other Bulbs 
During Winter. XVIII. Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting. XIX. Winter Protection. 
XX. The Care of House Plants in Winter. XXI. Common and English Names of Flowers. 
XXII. Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubs and Plants. XXIII. A Chapter of Odds and 
Ends. XXIV. A Chapter of Don'ts. 


The Vegetable Garden 


By IDA D. BENNETT 
This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the 
small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and gar- 
den tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information. 


I. The Sanitary and Economic Value of the Kitchen Garden. II. The Location of the Garden. 
III. Planning the Garden. IV. How to Maintain Fertility. V. The Construction and Care of 
Hotbeds, Coldframes, and Pits. VI. On the Sowing of Seed. VII. Transplanting. VIII. Tools 
Which Make Gardening Easy. IX. On the Growing of Various Vegetables. X. Root Vegetables. 
XI. Vine Vevetables and Fruits. XII. Greens and Salad Vegetables. XIII. Perennial Vegetables. 
XIV. Storing Vegetables in Winter. XV. Tne Garden’s Enemies. XVI. Fall Work in the Garden. 


The Orchard and Fruit Garden 


By E. P. POWELL 


Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit bearing trees ana 
bushes. ‘‘This thoroughly practical volume embodies all the latest developments, 
and sums up all available information on the selection of fruits.’’ New York 


World. 

Part First — THE ORCHARD. I. The Apple. II. The Apple Varieties. III. The Apple — 
Handling and Marketing. IV. The Pear. V. The Plum. VI. The Cherry. WII. The Quince. 
VIII. The Peach. IX. The Apricot. X. The Grape. XI. Citrus Fruits. XII. Figs, Dates and 
Olives. XIII. Pineapple, Banana and other Tropical Fruits. XIV. Undeveloped Fruits. XV. 
Nuts and Nut Trees. 

Part Second— THE FRUIT GARDEN, I. The Fruit Garden, II. The Currant. III. The 
Strawberry. IV. The Raspberry. V. The Blackberry. VI. The Gooseberry. VII. The Cran- 
berry. VIII. Neglected Berries. 

Part Third — CULTURAL DIRECTIONS. I. Windbreaks, Drainage, Irrigation. II. Pruning, 
Mulching, Fertilizing, Cover Crops. III. Spraying. IV. Bees, Birds, Fowls, Animals—in the 
Orchard and Fruit Garden. V. Harvesting and Marketing. VI. Plant Breeding. 


Garden Library” should occupy a place on your bookshelf. A brief description 
and synopsis of contents of each book is herewith given. 


Roses and How to Grow Them 
By MANY EXPERTS 
The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with 
American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country. 


I. When, Where and How to Plant. II. The Routine of Werk. III. Pruning. IV. Insects, 
Diseases, and Spraying. V. The Rosarian’s Calendar. VI. Roses for Cut Flowers Under Glass. 
VII. Types and races. VIII. Roses for Special Purposes. IX, Roses of American Origin. 


Ferns and How to Grow Them 
By G. A. WOOLSON 
The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem 
of growing the native ferns of onr Hastern woods. With table of synonomy. 


I. The Life of a Fern. II. Where Hardy Ferns Can Be Grown. III. Ferns in the Mixed 
Border. IV. Rockwork for Ferns. V. Hardy Ferns for Indoor Culture, and How to Select 
Them. VI. Ferns in the Living Room During Winter. VII. Fern Rockeries Indoors. VIII. 
Fern Culture Under Bell Glasses and in the Wardian Case. IX. Exotic Ferns without a Green- 
house. X. Aerial Fern Culture. XI. Ferns for Special Purposes. 


Lawns and How to Make Them 


By LEONARD BARRON 
The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the ornamen- 
tal lawn from a purely practical standpoint. For the first time the whole truth 
about lawn seed mixtures is Loe explained. 


i Renovating the Old Lawn. How to Make a Lawn Once for All. III. Economical 
Grading. IV. Which Is Better: Tart or Seed? V. The Fine Art of Mowing, Rolling and 
Watering. VI. Howto Feeda ILawn. VII. Solving the Weed Problem, Insects, etc. VIII. 
The Truth About ‘Lawn Mixtures.” IX. Seed Mixtures for Special Purposes. X. Lawns for 
Subtropical Regions. XI. The Best Lawn Tools and Their Use. XII. How to Make Lawn 
pictures XIII. The Peculiar Requirements of Putting Greens. XIV. Guide to the Best Lawn 

rasses. 


Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them 


By H. S. CONARD and HENRI HUS 
A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other 


- aquaties by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural de- 


tails and and making of ponds and small gardens. 


I. Where Water Gardens Can Be Made. II. Economical Pond Construction. III. 
Soils and Planting Out. IV. Winterins and Propagating. V. Seed Saving and 
Starting. VI. Raising New Varieties. VII. The Hardy Water-lilies. V “Ill. 
The Tender Day Blooming W. ater ilies: IX. The Night Blooming Water-lilies. 

X. Growing the Giant Victorias. Lotuses, Water Hyacinths and Other 
Choice Aquatics. XII. Water ee Under Glass. XIII. Enemies and 
Friends. XIV. Pond Surroundings, Windbreaks and Accessory Plants. 
XV. Water-lilies for Special Purposes. 


Send Only 50 Cents with Order 


To all who send us an 


e 
Special immediate order for GENTLEMEN: Enclosed 
The Garden ILFe $ find 50 cents for which send 
O f f Ee r brary we will me The Garden Library in nine 


‘ volumes and enter the name of 
add, without 
extra charge, one year's subscrip- 
tion to [he Garden Magazine for one year’s subscription to the 
If | Garden Magazine. If the books are 
you are already a sub- 


satisfactory I agree to pay $1.00 a month 
scriber we shall be glad for nine months, and if the books are not 
to extend the subscrip_ 


tisfactory I will return them and you will 
© refund my first payment. 

tion or send the 

Magazine to a 


friend. 


Doubleday, 
Page & 
Company 
{33 E. {6th St. New York 


141 


142 


The Readers’ Service will give information 
about the latest automobile accessories 


THE 


The Heart of the House 


Possibly you think we have something pretty to say 
about the baby. Well, no doubt there is much to 
be said in his behalf; but if'there is anything that 
is rightly entitled to the honor of being called the 
“Heart of the House,’’ it is the pump that gives 
the house its circulation of pure water. 

What the animal’s heart is to the creature’s life, 
such is the Rider-Ericsson Pump to the home in 
the suburbs: and its operation is as simple, as cer- 
tain, as automatic as that of a healthy heart. 

‘“Tt has done its work faithfully, without hitch 
or hindrance,’’ says one of our customers, in a 
happy summing up of the whole case. 

That is just what you want in the heart of your 


house, is it not ? 
BeEc-RIDER 


Be sure that the name 
purchase. This name 
less imitations. 


or “REECU-ERICSSON 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump before ordering, write 


Too much cannot be said of the importance 
—the vital importance—of the water supply in 
the country house. Practically every department 
of the household depends on it, from the supply 
for the morning bath to the feeding of the kitchen 
pore and the watering of the thirsty garden and 
awn. 

It is only fair to your household, as well as to 
yourself, to have a pump installed which will do 
its work unfailingly and with no cause for anxiety 
on your part. 

Having installed the Hot=Air Pump, you can 
dismiss this important factor from your careful 


calculations—and rest assured that the work will 


be well done. 


appears upon the pump you 
protects you against worth- 


to our nearest office (see list below) for they name of a reputable dealer in your locality, who will 
sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in use throughout the world today. 


Write for catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RIDER-ERICSSON 
ENGINE Co. 


(Also builders of the new “‘ Reeco”’ Electric Pump.) 


FOOD WITH THE OCEAN TASTE 


We will supply direct from the ocean to your 
home the finest, the truly chozcest, sea food that 
the ocean produces. Never in your life, probably, 
have you tasted morsels so tempting, so appetiz- 
ing—tright from the depths and redolent of the 
crisp, salt tang of the sea. 

When served inland, a dinner of our delicious 
ocean viands cause the guests to marvel that such 
things can be—the taste is so ‘“‘ different’? from 
the average fish-foods. The improvement in 
tablefare made possible by our service is a 
revelation. 

We select the choicest products of the best 
catches from the finest fishing grounds. ‘They 
are prepared and put up with scrupulous regard 
for cleanliness and tastefulness, and bring to your 
table a flavor and delicacy unequaled. 


35 Warren Street 
239 Franklin Street 
40 Dearborn Street 
40 North 7th Street 
234 West Craig Street 
22 Pitt Street - 


New York 
Boston 

Chicago 
Philadelphia 
Montreal, P. Q. 
Sydney, N.S. W. 


HOT-AIR PUMP 


TO GROW 


HARDY PERENNIALS AND 
OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS 
SUCCESSFULLY 


They should be planted in September and 
October like Spring-flowering bulbs. 

They make roots during Fall and Winter, 
establishing themselves for Spring and Sum- 
mer blooming. 

Hardy Perennials our specialty. We grow 
thirty acres. et our net wholesale prices 
with all necessary cultural directions, and 
largest list of Novelties for the asking. 


PALISADES NURSERIES 
PERENNIAL GROWERS Sparkill, N. Y. 


CELE 


YS 


7 FRC 
— 


TILL TO CONSUMER- 


LET US BE YOUR FISHERMEN 


Our line of sea foods is complete, including 
white, plump cod, fine juicy mackerel, tasty, 
savory lobsters, etc.—a long list like the menu 
of a shore dinner and everything the Jest you 
ever tasted. 

Send for price list, and to sample our products, 
take advantage of our 


Special Trial Offer 

For $1.00—A four pound box of our 
‘‘ Nabob’’ absolutely boneless Cod, the 
choicest cuts of the finest fish that can be 
taken from the sea. Four dinners for 
four persons. 


Prices include delivery and satisfaction 


guaranteed. 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


: 
Ge 


CLELIIZOL 


Ze. 


LLL OL cn 


OcToBER, 1909 


somewhat like the doubling of flowers. In this 
cee there is not a single bell or urn-shaped flower 
eft. 

The feathered hyacinth is sold under many 
names, e.g., fair-haired or tasseled hyacinth, 
shredded lilac, Muscart monstrosum, plumosum, 
and plumosum monstrosum. Its correct name is 
Muscart comosum, var. monstrosum. It is avail- 
able in several colors. 

I wish readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE who 
have grown the feathered hyacinth would give 
their experience and opinions. Is it a beautiful 
garden plant or merely a curiosity? Does it last 
longer than the common grape hyacinth? 

New Jersey. ae MICAS 


Fine Lilies I Saw in England 


pe splendid red lilies without any spots are 

the Greek and Siberian coral lilies (Lilium 
Chalcedonicum and tenuifolium), both of which 
are noted for having the texture and color of red 


sealing wax. I had a good chance of comparing 
them at an exhibition of the Royal Horticultural 
Seciety in London on June 23d. The Greek 
seems to be cardinal and the Siberian scarlet. 
The Greek grows three or four feet high and has 
crowded leaves; the Siberian grows only one or 
two feet high and has scattered leaves. 

Will some Dutchman please rise and explain why 
Hanson’s lily should not be as cheap as the tiger 
lily — say $1.50 a dozen? It seems tome a shame 
that ‘‘the best yellow lily” should still cost $7.50 
a dozen, when the bulbs multiply as fast as they do 
in an ordinary garden. Liliwm maculatum (or 
Hansont) is one of the few lilies that do not require 
peat or partial shade and will last year after year 
in full sunshine and common garden soil. It is 
remarkable for its great profusion of flowers and 
their leathery texture. The only drawback is that 
it smells too bad to bring indoors. The orange 
flowers and green buds make a unique floral 
picture. 

A pale yellow lily worth having is Liliwm mon- 
adelphum, often catalogued as L. Colchicum or 
Szovitzianum. It sometimes bears twenty to thirty 
flowers, which may be tinged at the base or tip 
with purple. It smells too badly to bring indoors, 
but makes a rich and delicate effect in the garden. 

Shall we ever have a pink lily of the Easter lily 
or trumpet type that anyone can afford and any- 
one can grow? Lilimm Krameri and rubellum are 
so exquisite that everybody wants to try a few bulbs. 
But who can boast that he has grown them in 
quantity in conditions where they live long and 
multiply? I should be glad to have photographic 
proof of it and cultural details. 

The lily of the Pyrenees (L. Pyrenaicum) is now 
considered a yellow-flowered variety of the L. pom- 
ponium, a xed flower of Northern Italy and Southern 
France. Both have a disagreeable odor, but are 
gorgeous in the garden. The lily of the Pyrenees 
has yellow petals with black spots and red stamens. 
It blooms in early June. 

I never could enthuse over the common turk’s 
cap (Liliwm Martagon) in its dull purple or dirty 
white varieties, but in Sir Hugh Myddleton’s garden 
at Waltham, England, I saw Liliwm Dalhan, which is 
the darkest lily I know and a very fine color. It 
looked remarkably healthy, too. It blooms in 
late June. It is popularly supposed to be a hybrid 
between L. Dalmaticum and Hanson, or, as Pro- 


fessor Waugh would say, L. Martagon and 
maculatum. 
New York. W. M. 


OctToBeErR, 1909 THE 


This Paint Protects 
Your Buildings 


URE WHITE LEAD PAINT really 

protects your buildings. Forms a 

tough, elastic film that never cracks, 
scales or checks. Substitute paint mixtures 
may temporarily beautify but will not per- 
manently protect. 

ere are several standard brands of 
Pure White Lead of about the same quality. 
There is only one 


CARTER 


Strictly Pure 


White Lead 


None are made so carefully—none are so white and 
fine—none so durable. 

Carter White Lead is chosen by the discriminat- 
ing for its superior whiteness, beauty of finish, 
spreading qualities and great durability. 

Carter White Lead is the only lead made by a 
modern and scientific process that eliminates all im- 
purities and discoloration. The extreme whiteness 
of Carter assures strong, true, brilliant and durable 
colors—remember this point—it’s important. 

Carter White Lead costs a trifle more per pound 
than ordinary leads, but figured by square yards of 
surface covered—by years of wear—Carter is the 
cheapest paint you can buy. Sold by all reliable 
dealers. Insist on its use. 

Send today for our valuable paint book. It tells 
how to test paint for purity—how to detect adulter- 
ation before paint is applied. Tells how to select 
a harmonious and durable color scheme. With the 
book we send a set of modern color plates—they 
will give you suggestions for painting your home. 


CARTER WHITE LEAD CO. 
12073 S. Peoria Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Factories: Chicago—Omaha 


We will pay $100 and cost 
of analysis for the detection 
of any adulteration in any 
package of Carter White Lead. 


P The New Idea in Rat Extermination & 


Harmless to human beings and household pets if 
accidentally taken in small quantities. 


Safe Sure Scientific | Clean to Handle 


Shaped like a squash seed—the rat’s favorite food. 
They do not die in the house but rush for open 
air and water. 


A Single Tablet Will Kill the Largest Rat 
1dc and 25c at your druggists’ or sent prepaid 
on receipt of price in stamps or coin. 
FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 
100 William Street New York City 


For injormation regarding railroad and st 
G A R D E N M A G A Z If N E ship lines write to the Reader? Serie 143 


=] HE GARDEN STUDIO, at 647 Boylston St., 
Boston, Mass., offers a unique opportunity 
for the selection of garden accessories in 
artificial stone, for large estates, formal 
gardens or small home gardens. On exhi- 
bition and for sale are sun dials, benches, urns, col- 
umns, gazing globes, tables, balustrades and fountains. 
Particular attention is given to the ornamentation of 
city yard gardens. 


We shall be glad to send a book of prices and illustrations of the garden acces- 
sories, which will enable you to order by mail. 

The firm desires also to announce that it 
makes and has made for years a specialty of 


fine interior decoration for town and country 
houses, libraries, churches and theatres. 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 


647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. 


Plant for Immediate Effect 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 


Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty 
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. 


We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that 
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. 


Andorra Nurseries 
WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


COST °°"? fee foot is CHEAPER 


A Zolium roof, laid, costs but little more than the poorest shingle roof—dut. after that it calls for 
neither painting nor repairs, excludes moisture, will not catch fire from sparks or falling brands, keeps 
out heat or cold, is an artistic Indian Red in two shades, which secures beautiful roof tile effects, and is 


THE MOST PERMANENT ROOF 


Descriptive Literature and Samples explaining ingenious method of lapping long strips 
f bonded fibre to make individual tiles, sent free. 

J. A. & W. BIRD & COMPANY, No. 29. India Street, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. 

Makers of Rex Flintkote Roofing, the Standard Roof for Farm Buildings and Factories 


144 Mite Agihekade se, DAB CAR DIE Nee CoutZ NG OctoseRr, 1909 
Plant This Lily Before October 


HE only hardy white lily that’ is reasonably 
cheap and fairly sure of growing is the 
Madonna or Annunciation lily (Lilium candidum) 
of which a beautiful picture is here given. Notice 
how prettily the drops of water stand upon the 
lily bells. 
This lily blooms in June and is the earliest of the 
lilies that are commonly seen in gardens. " It must 


THERE’S 
GOLDIN 
ASHES 


Do you realize 
what quantities of 
unburned coal you 
are constantly 
throwing away? 
Wasting good fuel is wasting money. 


HILL’S HUSTLER 
ASH SIFTER 


sifts your entire week’s ashes with a few turns 
of the crank. No dust—no dirt. No back- 
breaking work. Enclosed rotary sifter rolls out 
clean, unburned coal in scuttle. Fits wood or 
iron barrel. Lasts a life-time. Soon saves 
its cost in fuel. Al dealers. 


Write to-day for Folder 83 
describing these sifters in full. 


HILL DRYER COMPANY 


408 PARK WORCESTER 
AVENUE MASS. 


Daffodils x EveryBale 


SUPERB VARIETIES FOR HOUSE AND GARDEN 


N. Emperor, Large Yellow  . . per1oo, $2.75 
N. Empress, Whiteand Yellow . ue 3.00 
N. Van Sion. Double Yellow © a 
N. Sir Watkin, Giant Welsh Daffodil  ‘‘ 
N. Poeticus, Pheasant’s Eye bs ue 

Delivery charges 35 cents per 100 extra 


SPECIAL OFFER 
25 Each above Varieties 
50 (a3 ce “ce 
100 “ “o “ce 3 ps 
Delivered free by express tn United States 


WRITE to-day for my Little Brown Book of Dutch Bulbs, 
It tells all about the best bulbs and how to plant them, and is 
especially written by Peter the Gardener for the amateur. 
Try the Adams’ Method. It pays. 


HENRY SAXTON ADAMS, Garden Expert 
Wellesley, Mass. 


Your Flowers Where They 
Can Be Seen! 


Do you have more flowers than you can display 
well on your porch or in the house? Here’s a 
device that takes up only alittle room, but shows 
every plant off beautifully. It will not tip, 
or blow over, or break down, even under 
a weight of 500 pounds. Has holders for 
i 25 plants. Place for jardiniere at top. 


“Ww Boyd’s Revolving 
> Flower Stand 


Landscape Gardening 


A course for Home-makers and 
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig 
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell 
University. 

Gardeners who understand up-to- 
date methods and practice are in 
demand for the best positions. 

A knowledge of Landscape Gar- 
dening is indispensable to those 
who would have the pleAsantest 


Pots 
Furnished 
When 
Desired > fi 
at r 
Special 
Prices 


The finest of all hardy white lilies must be plant- 
ed not later than September—the madonna lily 
(L. candidum) 


also be planted long before the other lilies. August 
is none too soon if you can get thoroughly ripened 


“hee from sacl and fon, exareeliy bulbs as early as that. But do not plant them a day Pror. Craig homes. : 
Z braced; galvanized andenameled § | later than September, for this lily has to make a 250 page catalogue free. Write to-day. 
‘golves—allpplants may betarved | | leaf growth in the fall or else it will not bloom | || THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL | 
to light, hence none become well next year. The nankeen or Isabella lily Dept. G, Springfield, Mass. } 
Soe OVE. Hes ne (L. testaceum or excelsum) has the same | 
ling attachment. | peculiarity. 
Our booklet will interest you. Connecticut. Henry MAXxweELt. 


Write today for a copy. 


ECLIPSE NOVELTY WORKS 
Pulaski, Pa. 


ORCHIT DBs 


Largest importers and growers of 
OrcHiIps in the United States 


LAGER & HURRELL 
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. 


Growing Bulbs in the West 


UTDOOR bulb culture in the Dakotas, 
Montana and Northern Minnesota differs 


TH E R E ARE N O in two essentials from bulb growing in the East, 
; and upon the observance of this difference the best 
results hinge. In the first place, contrary to what 
C O L D R O O M S one might expect, all bulbs should be planted con- 

siderably shallower here than in the East; ee 

instance, tulips will do best if covered but an inc 

Its fire box is so constructed and a half. i Nor need the largest narcissus be Dutch Bulbs 
that it gives the greatest covered with more than two and a half inches of 


; soil. In the second place the bulb bed will require 
heat with the least coal. no winter protection or covering of any kind. To 


WHEN 
from the Growers 


The mechanism : that ODEs cover a bed with manure or any other litter merely direct to the Planter 
YOU ates it is simplicity itself. holds back the plants and makes them bloom ' 
It will cut down your coal much later. — f : : , : ae 
lis. 1k ane lidleall lesa My experience with bulbs in this region has We have just receive rom our 
z demonstrated the foregoing rather forcibly. “The nurseries at Sussenheim, Holland, a 


for any kind of a building. 


Kaiserskroons, which J planted most carefully three 


USE inches deep and covered with a two inch mulch, supply of the very best bulbs of every 
Send for Catalog H came up and bloomed nicely, but fully two weeks description — Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar- 
behind another bed of the same variety which was : j 
SMITH & THAYER CO. covered with scarcely an inch of soil and nothing, cissus, Crocus, etc. We sell none but 
234 Congress Street more, all winter. A large variety'of narcicuss absolutely the best quality bulbs. 
A BOSTON, MASS that were planted to the depth as practised in the Order early while we still have full 
: A East and as usually advised in the catalogues came ee Coral t t 
] N C H E S T E R up as late as three weeks after bulbs planted much stock. atalogue sent upon request. 
W shallower. Likewise with tulips, such ds.,Artus 
and Chrysolora. ny tM 
wl E A T E, R Bulbs in these parts need no protection ‘against FRANKEN BROTHERS 
alternate thawings and freezings during thé/winter, NOIS 
A Child Can Run It for when the ground freezes up in fall it remains so DEERFIELD ILLI 


until the frost goes out in spring. With the frost 


OcToBeER, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The latest books on travel and biography may 
be obtained through the Readers’ Service e 145 


Home Grown Lilies 


Fresh from the Ground 


Those who have tried them beliebe them 
better than store bulbs. Better give both 
a trial this Fall, and compare results. 


Early planted tulips, crocuses, daffodils, etc., 
give better results in the North than late planted, 
because the roots have time to form before 
cold weather. Try early planting. Horsford’s 
Autumn Supplement, ready middle of August, 
offers along list of the best lilies, tulips, cro- 
cuses, daffodils, etc., which are very promising 
this season. My stock of lilies is the best I have 
ever had, and the Lilium Henryi, the new and 
most durable one of its kind, is especially fine. 
The prices will be very low. Before placing your 
orders for Herbaceous Perennials, Bulbs, and 
other plants send for my Autumn Supplement. 
It will save you time and disappointment. 


F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont. 


Plant Peonies 
This Fall 


Ready in September 
TE thrive better, bloom 


earlier and grow larger 
than if planted in the spring. 
e specialize in these 
plants and have just issued 
a booklet on their culture, 
including IRIS, EVER- 
GREENS, ETC., for Fall 
Planting. 


Write for a copy 


Wild Bros. Nursery Co. 
Box 514, Sarcoxie, Mo. 


CALIFORNIA PRIVET 


for hedge fences, screening unsightly objects, etc. Highly cultivated, fine 
rooted, well branched plants, $3.00 per 100. Specimen plants 3-4 feet high, 
beautifully branched, $5.00 per roo. Planting directions with order. Plantnow. 


S. L. de FABRY, Grower Little Silver, New Jersey 


The gives a clear steady light. 
Rayo Lamp Made of brass throughout 
and nickel plated. Warranted. At 


dealers or write nearest agency 
STANDARD OIL OMPANY 
(Ineorporated) 


fae Beautify Your Home With 
ye California Flowers 
SS 


Plant California grown Datio- 
dil Bulbs, Tulips, Tris, etc., and 
have a wealth of lovely flowers this — \ 
winter and spring im your house, | 
window box or garden. Choice 

selection 35e per dozen by mail. | 
You will be delighted with 
them. 

Complete catalog free. 
:f Leedham Bulb Co., Dept. F., Santa Cruz, Cal. 


il ii ui 


BEAUTIFY YOUR GROUNDS 


Make them attractive with Stewart’s iron fence and gates. 


CHEAPER THAN WOOD AND LAST A LIFETIME. 
We submit designs and estimates. Write for booklet show- 
ing hundreds of designs at all prices. Agents wanted. 


THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO. 


1722 Covington St., CINCINNATI, 0. 


Largest makers of Iron Fence in the world. 


WHY WE BELIEVE THIS IS JUST THE 


(GREENHOUSE FOR YOU 


IRST, there is its reasonableness of price — then its 
downright practicalness combined with unusual at- 
tractiveness — and finally, there is what it will do for 

you. By do for you, we mean not only the satisfaction of 
having your flower or vegetable garden prolonged right 
through the winter, but that good, genuine, healthly green- 
house enjoyment, to which there is nothing quite to be 
compared. 

It is just about the most useful thing you can put 
your money into, as every member of the family 
can share freely in the many pleasures otherwise 
impossible. 

To get back to the starting point — the cost — you 
ask, what do we mean by reasonable in price? $500 
covers the cost for all the materials, including the specially 
made indestructible benches, the heating apparatus and 
ventilating equipment. 

It has a complete steel frame that is as firm as a rock, 
will last an indefinite time, and gives you a light, pleasing, 
architectural effect. 

It is eleven feet wide and twenty-five feet long. 

There will be no bothersome glass breakage, and it is 


framed up in sections so that enlarging at any time can 
easily be done 

Everything is cut and fitted, all ready for immediate 
erection. 

But you must not confuse this house in any way witb the 
short-lived, wooden frame greenhouses. 

This price of $500 includes all the materials, even to the 
iron posts, which are set in the ground, and do away with 
the expense of a foundation, like the one in the illustration. 

If you are willing to spend $500 for an every way first 
class, completely equipped greenhouse that is built so 
well and looks so well you can attach it directly to your 
residence, if you care to, then we both had better begin to 
talk business. 

If the indestructible benches the boiler and heating 
apparatus are not included, the house will cost in the 
neighborhood of $250 

If you order it now, we will step lively so you can have 
the house up betimes for starting your winter flower favor- 
ites. So don’t let the matter drop “’ for the present,” as one 
is so often inclined to do. There is only one way to get a 
greenhouse — and that is to gel zt. 


LORD & BURNH AM COMP ANY IRVINGTON, 


NEW YORK BOSTON 


FOSTER our RAMS 


Are guaranteed in writing to deliver 
so much water, to such and such a 
height, according to your demands, with- 
out trouble to you, or the full price and 

freight is refunded. No other ram can 
@ back up such a liberal guaranty. 

Send for Free Book 


= and learn how to in- 
stall at low cost, the— 


wi Most Dependable 
Water- Supply System 


If you have a stream, pond or spring available this book 
will show you how to place the water where you want it, 
with least trouble and expense. Write today. 

POWER SPECIALTY CO. 
2135 Trinity Bldg. New York, N. Y. 


PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO 


Made in three sizes. Small 
size has only one prong. Send 
diameter of chair leg. 


Just drive into 
leg of chair. 


THE “HERON” 


WOOL CHAIR TIP 


ABSOLUTELY NOISELESS 


For use on chairs wherever there are bare 
floors. Prevents marring of the floor and 
is absolutely noiseless. Cannot split chair 
leg. Will last as long as the chair. 

On sale at your dealer, or sent repaid on receipt of price. 
Write for free booklet of chair tips and wool casters. 

Agents Wanted. Set of four 25c. In dozen sets $2.00. 
SYRACUSE CASTER & FELT CO. 

435 South West Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. 


PLANTING: 


Oaks - - - 10 to 25 feet 


Telephone 530 Jamaica. 


LONG ISLAND'S FAMOUS NURSERY 


ONE HUNDRED ACRES OF THE FINEST SPECIMENS 


Here are a few of the many desirable varieties we have 


Norway Spruce - 
Blue Spruce- - 4“ 8 


Maples - - - 10“ 25 “ 
Lindens - - 10 “‘ 20 ‘‘ | White Pine - 
Oriental Planes 10 ““ 20 Austrian Pine 


All of this stock is of the usual high grade sent out by us. 


COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY, 
QUEENS, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 


Our Nursery is situated at Queens, 
Long Island, within the limits of 
Greater New York, and is easily 
reached by the Long Island Rail- 
road, or by automobile over fine 


to offer for FALL 


6 to 10 feet 


macadamized roads. We are al- 


6 &é 10 66 
Ass 6 6é 


Ways very pleased to have pros- 


pective customers visit our Nursery 
and inspect the stock. 


INc. 


The Readers’ Servi ill ish you with the nam 
146 a aH panaBle as oy Gi en of trade = T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E 


OcToBeER, 1909 


Use Paint Made with Oxide of Zinc 


| 


The Armor of the Battleship once in a lifetime, perhaps, protects it from the enemy’s fire. 
The Paint on the battleship every hour of every day protects it from corrosion and decay. 
The white paint that protects the battleship is Oxide of Zinc--the most durable of all whites. 


Does your paint contain Oxide of Zinc? 


Oxide of Zinc is unalterable The New Jersey Zinc Co. 
even under the blow-pipe National City Bank Building 
55 Wall Street, New York 


A list of manufacturers of Oxide of Zinc paints mailed on request. 


We do not grind Oxide of Zinc in oil. 


Unlimited Wealth May Be Yours 


below the surface of the 
ground in deposits of coal, 
oil, gas, ores or metals. 
The surest and most eco- 
nomical way to determine 
what the ground contains 
is by means of the 


“AMERICAN” 


Water Anywhere Anytime 
at greatest saving of time, labor and fuel, 
with a Wilks Self-Feeding Heater, only 
heater with a coal magazine that regulates 
itself, keeping an even fire for 10 hours. 


Wilks Self-Feeding Heaters | 


for farm buildings, green-houses, brooders, 
poultry houses, bowling alleys, etc., have 
been on the market successfully for over 50 
years. Made of best ‘steel, no sections to 


CORING MACHINE 
crack, no bolts to loosen,no leaks to fear, 


a which will remove a core 
of any size, any depth, thru any kind of shale Beste Ttone) mennds ee 3 
or rock formation cheaper than by any other method. prices,etc. We willtell you the best heater for te 
Our new catalog describes every method of well your purpose if you give full particulars; 
sinking and mineral prospecting—Free. SHS eialon MUR AN 2a 
The American Well Works, Office & Works, Aurora, Ill. 
First Nat. Bank Bldg., Chicago 
REINECKE, WAGNER PUMP & SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 


Discriminating 


Thousands 


are following the work of 
MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD 
with increasing interest and admiration. This 
author depicts the normal life of normal but in- 
teresting people with assurance and illumination. 
The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers 
has notably increased since the publication of 


“The Good Comrade” and “ Desire”’ 


The previous books are 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 


COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 


Beautiful, practical, entertaining. 


$4.00 a year. 


THE WORLD’S WORK 
interpreting to-day’s history. 
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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE— 
FARMING 


telling how to make things grow. 


$1.00 a year. 


COURTRY LIFE Tre WorLp's WoRE ‘Te CARDEN 
IN AMERICA ‘MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW York. 


“Curayl” 

“The Wedding of the Lady of 
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COUNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WORK ‘THe GARDEN 
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY. PAGE &Co. NEw YorK. 


once out of the ground the bulbs themselves will not 
be subjected again to freezing, even though a slight 
crust may freeze over the ground occasionally. 
The soil, especially the heavier type, warms up 
none too rapidly, and a mulch of any kind simply 
prevents the sun from warming the soil as early as 
it might. During the winter, then, a mulch is no 
protection and when removed early in spring repre- 
sents but so much labor lost. One purpose it may 
serve, however, for where one desires a succession 
of bloom the method to obtain this result is evident 
from the above. Plant to varying depths and 
remove the mulch successively in spring. 

Another fact may be of interest. When 
tulips are planted near the surface they may come 
up and be in almost full leaf when along comes a 
snow storm and a stiff freeze. But this is no cause 
for alarm or reason to make one hesitate planting 
the early tulips, for being frozen solid even when 
showing bud does not appear to injure the plants. 
At least this has been the experience with me this 
past spring, when a bed of Kaiserkroon, almost in 
full leaf and showing bud, were buried in snow and 
frozen so that they could be snapped right off as if 
they were spun of glass. These tulips bloomed 
exceedingly well and I could not detect the slightest 
effect of their having been frozen. Then, also, the 
earlier tulips bloom for a slightly longer period than 
do the later tulips of the same variety. Whether 
this is true of the narcissus I am not prepared to say. 

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER. 


A Blue Flower for Early Fall 


HE “‘blue spirea” is technically a shrub, 


but practically it is a ‘‘perennial” in the 
North. That is to say, it has woody stems but 
they are usually killed to the ground every year. 
Fortunately the plant sends up a plentiful supply 
of new stems every year and these are sure to bloom 
the same year. 

Personally, I think it looks better edging shrub- 
bery, and for the herbaceous border I prefer the 
plant known as Conoclinium celestinum, which also 
bears blue flowers in September. Both plants are 
of the eupatorium type, i. e., they have flat clusters 
composed of many small flowers with prominent 
stamens. Indeed the stamens are a little too promi- 
nent, for they give a faded look to the flowers. 

The blue spirea has a little more purple than I 
like in a blue flower, but we must not be captious 
about blue flowers in September and October 
for blue is a rare and welcome color at that time. 

Connecticut. JABEZ TOMPKINS. 


The blue spirea (Caryopteris Mastacanthus), a blue 
flower for September and October 


Write to the Readers’ Service for 


OcToOBER, 1909 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Li; I N E suggestions about garden furniture 147 


WHICH 
IS 
YOU? 


Keep The Tank 


Throw Away the Tower 


HAT’S what you do when you install a Kewanee 
System of Water Supply! 


The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank is buried in the 
ground or located in the cellar—there is no elevated 
or attic tank to freeze, over-flow, leak or collapse— 

and the water is delivered by air pressure 
evenly and abundantly to all fixtures. Tem- 
perate in winter and cool in summer. 


Every country or suburban home can be 
provided with all the sanitary conveniences 
and comforts of the best city water system with 


The Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 


which ten years of practical experience and technical 


Which of these women is you ? 
One has consented to use a disk filled ‘‘bucket 
bowl’’ cream separator, and will spend twenty 
minutes twice a day washing the 40 to 60 disks 
it contains, as shown in the right hand pan. 
One has insisted on having a simple, sanitary 
Sharples Dairy Tubular and will spend only 
twenty seconds twice a day washing the tiny 
piece in the left hand pan—the only piece Dairy 
Tubular bowls contain. 
Be the left hand woman. Insiston a Tubular. 


/ 


World’s biggest separator factory. Sales exceed most, if 
not all, others combined. 
Write for Catalog 215. 


The Sharples Separator Co. 


West chester, Be. oa a oe ‘knowledge of trained experts has made the most perfect, 
Winnipeg, Can. Portland, Ore. the most practical of all water supply systems. 


Over nine thousand Kewanee Systems in successful 
operation supplying water for country and suburban 
residences, clubs, farms, schools, public and private 
institutions, villages, etc. The Kewanee System is 
not an imitation—is not a substitute. It is the 
original water supply system involving the use of air pressure instead of gravity pressure. 
Avoid cheap imitations. Look for our trade mark and name plates on tanks and pumping 
machinery. Get the genuine and you willtakeno chances—we guarantee that. 


Make the Farm Pay 


Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture, 
Mortienlture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For- 
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under 
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. 
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent 
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study 
Courses under able professors in leading colleges, 

250 page catalog free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. A., Springtield, Mass. 


Kewanee Pumping Outfits SR tvaNaber 


Kewanee pumping outfits are furnished 
for any special pumping requirements. The 
INGEE ROSES “t°zs oe Gia, Sat On Oe a same technical skill and practical knowledge 


Prof. Brooks 


Safe arrival guaranteed. Our $10,000 book ‘*Sixty Years Among required to develop and perfect complete 

ie ore” embodies our Beececal Sepenence a EEO RUE Kewanee Systems, are devoted to the solution 
t te seeds a specialty. : = 2 . 

Semitmargct 1." estiblichediaao, Soe of individual pumping problems. 


The Dingee & Conard Co., Box 13, West Grove, Pa. Natebareelarernerticngineering sercicesc Lect us 


help you solve your water problem. Write for our 
64-page illustrated catalogue No.16. _It is free. 


; Death to San Jose Scale 
Kill this great pest, and save your orchard by spraying early with 
* GOOD’S “wine sit" SOAP No. 3 

Kills all insect enemies of tree and plant life, particularly White Fly, 


and preserves vegetables, grapes, berries, “small fruits and flowers. 
Fertilizes the soil. No salt or other injurious ingredients. 


su lbs., $2.50; 100 Ibs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. 
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia 


Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. 


1212 Marquette Building, Chicago, Ill. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Building, 50 Church Street, 
New York City. 


305 Diamond Bank Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 


YOU THIS CHEST 
on ea 


LET US SEND. 15 DAYS’ TRIAL FREE! 


ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS 


Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reyersible to 
throw the soil either to or from the plant. It is especially desirable for the 
small garden, truck or market garden’s use. 

This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also 
used for orchard culture. It’s a great labor saver. 


Made in Three Sizes: 


No. O,1 horse with two gangs of 5 14 inch disks each. 

No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14 inch disks each, 

No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14 inch disks each. 

Send today for our FREE, booklet describing 120 styles and sizes of 
Cutaway Tools. 


CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 


902 Main Street Higganum, Conn. 


RED CEDAR 
COLONIAL TREASURE CHEST 


Elegant, plain, substantial, this chest is a positive house- 
hold necessity, absolutely protecting clothing from moths, 
dust and damp. Built of fragrant Southern Mountain-grown Red Cedar, 
heavily bound with hand-forged, hammered hardware made specially for 
these chests. Ideal wedding, birthday and Xmas gifts. Sent free on approval 
direct from factory, freight prepaid both ways if unsatisfactory. Write at 
once for beautifully illustrated catalog of various styles, sizes and prices. 


PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO. Dept. 2 Statesville, N. C. 


For 7 tion about 1 t 
" lewiheRcersrie § §«THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DE LAVA 


CREAM 
\SEPARATORS 


THE WORLD'S STANDARD 


De Laval Cream Separators were the original and have led in every step of 
cream separator development. Constantly improved, they have been fully 
remodelled every five or ten years, the last time from top to bottom in 1908, 
with the finishing touches of perfected refinement added in 1909. 


Other cream separators have always been merely the product of those 
following in the wake of De Laval success, utilizing variations of the ten to 
twenty year old De Laval features which expiring patents have so laid open to them. 


De Laval Cream Separators skim closer, particularly at low temperature 
and running heavy cream; have greater actual, if not claimed capacity; run 
easier and at much less necessary speed; are much more sanitary and easily 
cleanable; are far easier handled, assembled and unassembled, and are so much 
better made as to design, materials and workmanship that they last from two to 
ten times longer than other separators. 


They produce cream so much superior to other systems and separators that 
butter made from De Laval cream scores highest in all representative contests, 
which, together with their other advantages, has brought about their exclusive 
use by more than 98% of the world’s creamery and butter factories, with their 
thirty years practical separator experience. 


De Laval Cream Separators cost no more than other separators, considering 
actual capacity. ‘They save an average $50.- per year over other farm sizes 
of separators and an average $100.- per year over other creaming systems, 
and they last twenty years as against two to five years for other machines. 
They are sold for cash or on terms that enable their paying for themselves, and 
there is no payment of any kind in advance that practically binds the buyer to his 
bargain. 


De Laval Cream Separators are the highest type of farm implement made 
and invariably prove the most profitable of farm investments. They are guar- 
anteed to be in every way as represented and to fulfil every claim made as a 
condition of their acceptance by the purchaser. ‘They are sold on as sound a 
basis as a government bond and their prestige is as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar. 


The buyer who puts his money into any other separator today and continu- 
ally wastes some of his product through its use must surely do so without knowl- 
edge of the up-to-date De Laval machine, the opportunity for which knowledge is 
free to him for the asking. 


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
42 Bo AS SIS: General Offices: RUSE RET SE: 
1G5 Broadway, | 1) Ope iecess since 
NEW YORK 


1016 Western Ave. 
SEATTLE 


1213 @ 1215 Filbert St. 
PHILADELPHIA 


Drumm @ Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 


OcTOBER, 1909 


i 


A Splendid New Bluebell for the 
South 


VERY Southerner who has seen bluebells 
growing by the million in English woods and 
carpeting the ground by the acre has doubtless been 
fired with an ambition to reproduce such lovely 
scenes in our own South. I doubt, however, 
whether we can do so with the common bluebell 
of England, which is Scilla festalis, known to bulb 
dealers as S. nutans. But an even finer flower of 
the same general appearance is the Spanish hya- 
cinth Scilla Hispanica, known to bulb dealers as 
S. campanulata. This lovely plant hag twenty 
to forty bells on a stem, or nearly twice as many 
as the northern bluebell and it can be had in blue, 
white, flesh color, and pink. 

The bulbs cost only a cent or a cent and a half 
each, by the hundred, and anyone who would get 
five hundred of each and plant them beside a wood- 
land walk would be doing a public service. For 
the bulbs multiply very rapidly abroad and if they 
should do so here, they would undoubtedly look. 
like wildflowers. This would be the prettiest way 
to grow them, but they are also said to look well in 
rhododendron beds and in the fringe of a shrubbery 


The Spanish hyacinth, which would probably 
give a finer effect than English bluebells along 
woodland paths in the South 


OcroseErR, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 149 


4 ‘A Good Book for 


\ 
TO ALL GARDEN READERS 
TA ERE is a chance for you to get a beautiful and interesting $1.50 
book ENTIRELY FREE, and at the same time Save Fifty 
Cents on Your Next Subscription to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. 
@ The subscription price of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is to be increased 
to $1.50, February Ist, 1910. »This raise in price guarantees exceptional 
value in the coming numbers of our magazine. We want all our readers to 
send us their renewals before the new rate becomes effective; and to encourage 
you to take advantage of this opportunity to renew your subscription at the old 
rate (and thereby save fifty cents later on), we will give you a choice, free, of one 
book from The Brown Top Library, if, when sending in your subscription, you 
will include the subscription of some friend whois not now on our list. The books 
are our own titles, clearly printed on good quality paper, well bound in handsomely 
embellished covers, and we are sure you will be pleased with any one you may select. 


This Offer Expires January ist, 1910 


@ There is sure to be a demand for the books, and in order to avoid disappointment 
we urge you to send in your subscription early. Simply send us your order for one 
year (new or renewal) at $1.00, include the subscription of a friend who is not now . 
a subscriber, remitting $2.00 for the two subscriptions. We willsend you the book 
of your choice, entirely free, postpaid, in return for your courtesy in securing the new 
subscription. ‘The only condition is that one of the subscribers must be NEW. 
Foreign postage, 65c. per year extra; Canadian postage, 35c. per year extra 


THERE ARE 14 BOOKS TO SELECT FROM! 


fy 


|| HELENA’S PATH 
Anthony Hope 


His Courtship, by Helen R. Martin. 
The romance of aclean-cut young college 
professor and an appallingly unworldly 
little pastoral maid. Really exquisite 
love story. 

The Master of Stair, by Marjorie 
Bowen. 
ines have no place in this stirring story of 
the famous massacre of Glencoe. ‘The 
action is rapid, 

The Smiths, by Keble Howard. A 
sprightly, tender, delightful tale of sub- 
urban life that introduces a humorist of 
the rarest quality. It is full of human 
heart-interest. 

The Second Violin, by Grace S. Rich- 
mond. ‘The absorbing adventures of a 
family of young people temporarily or- 
phaned because of their mother’s illness, 
and keeping up the home together. 

To Him That Hath, by LeRoy 
Scott. A very vivid book’ of -many- 


Conventional heroes and hero=' 


_impressive story of Scotch life. 


sided city life, stripped of drapery and 
pretense, full of human nature and 
action. 


The Leader, by Mary Dillon. Its- 


hero, John Dalton, is a man of the 
people — its heroine, the daintiest of 
aristocrats, charming and lovable. 


Kilo, by Ellis Parker Butler. The 
wily adventures of Eliph’ Hewlett, the 
famous book-agent, who is known to 
countless thousands of readers. 


Lord Jim, by Joseph Conrad.. An 
intensely human story of a young sea- 
man who iscalled upon to face an emer- 
gency and the manner in which he 
meets it. 


The House with the Green Shut= 
ters, by George Douglas. A strong, 
Balzac 
and Flaubert, had they been Scotch, 
would have written such a book. 


@ THIS IS IMPORTANT; The subscription you send 


with your renewal must be for some person who 1s not now 


on our list —a new reader. 


Be sure to specify the book you 


wish sent, we will send it to any address desired. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., New York 


Helena’s Path, by Anthony Hope. 
A charming novelette that combines 
the romantic interest of ‘‘Zenda’’ with 
the sprightliness of the “‘ Dolly Dia- 
logues.’’ 


Aunt Maud, by Ernest Oldmeadow, 
author of ‘‘Susan.’? The romantic 
story of a fascinating matchmaker who 
becomes herself involved in the maze of 
complications which she causes. 


Pardners, by Rex Beach. Vigorous 
and original stories of Western and 


Alaskan life; by the author of ‘‘ The 
Spoilers ’’ and ‘‘ The Barrier.’ 

The God of His Fathers, by Jack 
London. ‘‘The Kipling of the Klon- 
dike ’’ In these stories the 
author has done for the Yukon mining 
camps what Bret Harte did for the 
California camps. 

Far from the Maddening Girls, 
by Guy Wetmore Carryl. A sprightly 
and amusing tale of aman who built a 
temple in the woods, ‘‘ Single Blessed- 
ness,’’ in which to worship. 


A CONVENIENT ORDER BLANK 


Doubleday, Page & Co., 
New York City. 


Enclosed find $2.00, for which send me THe GARDEN MAGAZINE for 
one year (new or renewal) ; and also send the Magazine one year to 


G. M. Oct. 09. 


(Write Name and Address of New Subscriber Very Piainly) 
For securing this subscription you are to send me, free and postpaid, 


a copy of the book: 


= The Readers’ Service will give you 
150 information about motor boats 


Heats Your Home Properly, Economically and Thoroughly 


Investigate the KELSEY. Learn how different it is from 
all other systems of heating, how it’s great battery of Zig-Zag 
Heat Tubes forces great volumes of fresh, properly warmed 
air to every part of the house---even to distant and exposed 
rooms, heating all alike and all abundantly. 


LET US PROVE TO YOU 


that the ONE RIGHT WAY,—the most practical, sanitary 
and easiest way—to heat and ventilate any house, large or 
small, is by the Kelsey Fresh Air System. 

In every way Kelsey Heating is better and far more 
healthful than steam or hot water systems with leaky, rat- 
tling pipes, and unsightly radiators that have no fresh air 
supply and heat the same stuffy air over and over. 

LET US SHOW YOU what the Kelsey is and does, and 
WHY it has been installed in 35,000 of the finest class of 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


fine condition. 


Ornamental Trees, Forest Trees, Small 


United States. 


are based on quality goods. Still, you will find them 
most reasonable. 


GERMAN NURSERIES AND SEED HOUSE, Box A, Beatrice, Neb. 


KARAS ARIANA LANAI 


homes,—homes like the one shown here. 
Send for Booklet and for 112-Page Book “Opinions.” 


KELSEY HEATING CO. 


Aa 116 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y. 


156 R 5th Ave., N.Y. 


Our Fall Bulbs are just arriving and look to be in very 


We quote a few of the more important: 


Hyacinths, Single or Double Named, Mixed, at 60c per doz., $4.50 per 100 


Tulips, Single or Double, Mixed, . .. . 
Narcissus, Paper White Grandiflora, . . 
Narcissus, Van Sion Double Yellow, . . 


BRIDGEMAN’S SEED 


RICKARDS BROS., Props. 


37 East 19th Street 


at 30c per doz., $1.50 per 100 
at 40c per doz., $2.00 per 100 
at 35c per doz., $2.50 per 100 


WAREHOUSE 


ESTABLISHED 1824 


New York City 


Send for our catalogue. Free for the asking, 
Telephone 4235 Gramercy 


GROWN IN NEW JERSEY _¢ 


under soil and climate advantages—and ready 
to start growth again, anywhere, as soon as 
planted. Pomona Nurseries 


TREES AND PLANTS 


are the satisfactory kind. A complete as- 
sortment especially strong in Hardy Flow- 
ering Shrubs, Evergreens and Strawberry 
Plants. Landscape plans prepared and 
executed. Catalog free. 


T. E. Steele, Dept. 24, Palmyra, N. J. 


ALL PLANTING 


TREES PLANTS 
BULBS SEEDS 


Very complete assortment of Fruit and 


Fruits, Grape Vines, Roses, Perennials, 
Hardy Bulbs for fall planting, etc. 
Largest growers of Forest Trees in the 


Alfalfa, Grass and Clover 
Seeds, Seed Grain, Vege- 
table and Flower Seeds 


Our Nebraska Upland Alfalfa Seed is the 
Best in the World 


We furnish high-class stock only, and our prices 


Request our large catalogue and bulb list. Free. 


engage one write to us. 


Competent Gardeners 


The comforts and products of a country home are in- 
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to 
Please give particulars regarding 


place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We 
have been supplying them for years to the best people every- 
where. Nofeeasked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds- 
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 


THE FARM LIBRARY 


Does for the farmer what the Nature Library 


does for the student and lover of Nature 


SOILS 
By S.W.FLETCHER. How to handle and 


improve them. 


FARM MANAGEMENT 
By F. W. CARD. 
Marketing, Comparative Values of Products, 
Buying the Land, ete. Many photographs. 


COTTON 
By CHARLES W, BURKETT and CLAR- 
ENCE H. POE. The only book in existence 
covering every side of this great subject. 


FARM ANIMALS 
By E. V. WILCOX. Cows, Horses, Sheep, 
Swine. A most valuable manual of how to 
breed, care for, use and doctoral] the animals 
on the farm. 


More than 100 photographs. 


Accounts, Business, 


Each Illustrated, Fixed Price, $2.00 


(Postage, 20 Cents) 


Doubleday, Page & Co. - New York 


OcToBER, 1909 


| border. In all these situations the bulbs could 
multiply without care for years and eventually 
they would make a dense carpet of bluebells growing 
to the practical exclusion of weeds. I should expect 
them to bloom in Georgia and the Carolinas in 
April. I would suggest planting them three inches 
deep and four inches apart. This is the time to 
get the bulbs. W. M. 
[The editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE would be 
glad to give further suggestions to anyone who wishes 
to take up this idea and would be glad to publish an 
illustrated account of the experiment. Has anyone 
done it already ?] 


The Southern Garden in Early Fall 


; l ‘HE most important farm duties in October 
are harvesting corn and potatoes, and select- 


ing seed for next year’s use. Handle the potatoes | 


very carefully, for they are easily bruised. 

Sow cabbage seed in the open ground before the 
fifth of the month, in order to have plants to set out 
during January and February. Cabbage is very 
hardy, and will not need protection over winter 
unless the temperature falls below 20 degrees. 

Plant out all hardy lilies as soon as possible. 
Bulbs planted in the spring do not produce as 
early nor as splendid flowers as those planted in 
early fall. 

Grow American and foreign grown bulbs side 
by side, and see which is the better. The American 
bulbs gave better results with me the past season 
than the foreign ones. 

October is the best month for planting out onion 
sets. In my opinion the large varieties are best. 

Sow kale, mustard and Seven Top turnip seed 
any time during the month for winter greens. 
There is a new variety of turnip known as Four- 
teen Top, which many growers consider better 
than the Seven Top. 

Sow the seed of sweet peas during the last of the 
month, and when the plants are well up mulch 
with oat straw or pine leaves, so as to protect them 
from cold winds and possible freezing during the 
winter. 

Carrot, beet, turnip, and radish seed may be 
sown at any time when the soil is not too wet. 
Use plenty of seed, and do not plant too deep. 

Don’t fail to plant narcissus, crocus, snowdrop, 
hyacinth, jonquil, and tulip bulbs. They are very 
cheap, and do not require any attention beyond 
preparing the ground and planting. 

If you do not want to waste both time and money, 
purchase your supplies from a reliable firm that 
makes a specialty of bulbs and seeds. Not only 
are you surer of getting first class stock, but there 
is much more satisfaction in buying from a man who 
knows his business, is interested in it, and is work- 
ing to make it larger. The average general-store- 

| keeper simply handles bulbs and seeds in order 
to make profit, and is not always as particular 
as he might be whether the stock he is handling is 
fresh and strictly first-class. 
Georgia. 


THOMAS J. STEED. 


The Earth’s Bounty. 


By Kate V. St. Maur. 
The Macmillan Company, New York, 1909; pp. 
430, many photographic illustrations. Price $1.75 
net. 


An interesting book for the person undertaking the 
duties of farm life. Practical hints are given for 
the raising of grain crops, the care of stock, and 
poultry, conducting the dairy and minor side 
issues. The last fifty pages are devoted to a kind 
of calendar of the year’s work. 


PS OS 5 


OcroBeER, 1909 


* * 
— £ 


DWARF APPLES 
Baldwin Walbridge 
Spy Alexander 
Wealthy Ben Davis 
Wolf Fameuse 
Duchess Gano 
King 


Other varieties 
listed in Booklet 


DWARF PEARS 


Duchess Seckel 
Keiffer 
Bartlett 


Greening 


_ Anjou 
PRICES 


4 Trees, carefully packed, $ 3.00 
: oe 5.50 

8.00 

12.00 


‘ 


Larger quantities subject 
to special arrangement 


Price includes 


varieties of pears or apples in 


list may be selected 


Red Astrachan 


Clapps 
Flemish 


packing. Any 


For information about popular resorts 
write to the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


HE Advantages of Growing 


Dwarf Fruit Trees 


Do you know that dwarf fruit trees bear bigger, better fruit, bear several years earlier, and produce 
more return for a given space than standard trees? This is all true and there are even more important 
points. 

The low broad heads are within reach, so that apples or pears can be easily picked. ‘The pests 
that are expected to destroy the majority of home fruit gardens within a few years (asserted by leading 
writers) are easily controlled on dwarf trees. You can plant your garden full of dwarf trees and still 
grow strawberries and most vegetables. “The dense shade of standard trees prevents the use of the 
ground for other purposes. 

Standard trees require ten years to come into full bearing; with dwarfs some varieties will bear the 
first year, all will produce a considerable crop the second year, and 
bear fully the fourth. 


You can have forty trees, with a variety, in a 
space 20 feet square, save several years, get better 
fruit, and each tree should bear a bushel a year 
We offer the best stock ever produced in this country. Our 
apples are grafted on Paradise stock, and the pears on quince 
stock. They will succeed in many places where standard trees 
would fail. In a word, they are the kind of dwarf trees that will 
put their strength into fruit instead of wood. 


To secure full season’s growth, order at once for 
Autumn planting. 


THE CONEAL CO. 
Sheepshead Bay = = Long Island, N. Y. 


Our Illustrated Booklet including descriptions of Varieties and Cultural 
Directions sent on request 


A Feature of 


Dreer’s Autumn Catalogue for 1909 


is the carefully selected lists of 


May-Flowering, Parrot and Darwin Tulip 


These beautiful Tulips are sure to become popular when 


they become better known. 
you have a treat in store. 


If you have never grown them, 
The best way to get acquainted is 


to plant this month a collection of each. We offer for example: 
6 Each of 20 named sorts May-flowering Tulips $3.75 


6 Each of 12 named sorts Darwin Tulips -~ - 
12 Each of 5 named sorts Parrot Tulips - - 


3.25 
1.10 


Smaller and larger collections are also offered. For details see our Catalogue 


Of course, the above is but one of our many specialties 


i Bulbs for ~- Fall 


planting. Our Catalogue contains a 


complete list of the very best Hardy Perennial Plants, 
Shrubs and Climbers which may ‘be safely planted out 
this Autumn; also a complete list of Seasonable Flower, 
. Vegetable and Agricultural Seeds, Garden and Greenhouse 
sundries, etc. Send for a copy of the Catalogue—zt is Free. 


HENRY A. DREER, 


714 CHESTNUT ST. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


Group of Darwin Tulips 


i on about live-stock < - 
152 For sulormation bots live Seek a TB) (GAUR AD) ENaC Saal Nets cramer , 1907 


Make your Roadside a Poem in 
Vines 


jAlee tame is the drive you take every day from 
home to office? How many ugly places do 
you wince at in your daily walk ? 

Remember the vine-clad stone walls of Connecti- 
cut. Think of the great clouds of Virginia creeper 
you have seen by some country roadside! How 
your eyes sparkled every day in winter when the 
red berries of bittersweet glowed upon the horizon! 

How all those ugly spots would be transformed by 
Virginia creeper! 

What if that raw bank that annoys you daily 
were covered with masses of Hall’s honeysuckle, 
which would give you great gusts of fragrance in 
June, scattering flowers all summer and a bit of 
greenery in November after the trees’ have shed 
their leaves? 

Trumpet creeper, too, is running wild in many 
an old garden near you. Some of it could be spared 
for the woodside so that you might catch a glimpse 
of humming birds hovering before the great scaclet- 
orange trumpets. 

Is there any odor equal to that of wild grape in 
June? 

Isn’t this a superb list? Yet all of these are 
native or run wild in America. Some or all of these 
you can have for the mere trouble of digging. 
The time is approaching when you can safely trans- 
plant a few vines to animate your daily walk. 
No one will hurt them. Year by year they will 
increase in size and beauty. Your neighbors will 
catch the enthusiasm. And in ten years a mile of 
roadside between your house and the railway station 
will be a poem in vines. Every visitor will rejoice 
in it. Your locality will be famous for it. 

As soon as the trees shed their leaves, plant vines. 
But don’t wait till then to locate them or you will 
have trouble in finding them. Scour your neigh- 
borhood now, make a list of what is: available and 
move half a dozen vines this fall. 

Don’t you know a spot that needs creepers badly ? 
Can’t you cover it with Hall’s honeysuckle. If not, 
don’t you know a colony of ground ivy or money- 
wort that isn’t working ? 

There was a mile of pink flowers that used to 
rejoice me from August to October when I lived 
along the line of the West Shore Railway. It was 
produced by the mist flower (Mzkania scandens), 
which grows wild in moist places. 

All these plants you can buy from nurserymen if 


Douglassville Squab Co., Douglassville, Pa. Roofed with Amatite. 


After Five Years 


She success of any article depends | Pitch—+he greatest waterproofing com- 
upon the repeat orders, the or-| pound known, and that it has a zeal 
ders which come because the article | neral surface. 

has “made good.” 


Pitch is invariably used for under- 

No manufacturer can succeed with-|ground waterproofing, and instances 
out these. are known where it has resisted con- 
tinuous water pressure underground for 


Here is the kind of letters which twenty-five years without deterioration 
we are constantly receiving regarding | or change. 


Amatite roofing : 
The advantage of a mineral surfaced 
Gentlemen : roofing like Amatite over one with a 
Five years ago we put our first |smvoth surface is that the latter needs 
roofs of Amatite on. Since that | painting and Amatite does not. 
time we have roofed four other 
buildings with Amatite. 

We wish to say in appreciation 
of your roofing that we never 
thought it was possible to procure 
a roofing of such quality for so 
little money. We have seen Ama- 


tite outwear tin roofs next door, as In figuring the cost of painted roof- 


it were, to us, and our roof did _ | ings the cost of the paint must not be 
not cost us nearly as much as the overlooked. 


tin cost our neighbor. 


You have no further expense or 
bother after Amatite is once laid. This 
means a great saving. A ready roofing 
which requires painting every two 
years will cost after a while as much 
for paint as for the original roofing. 


Amatite is all pee claim for it, Free Sample necessary. If you want big quantities cheap for 
and in our opinion the best of SSS : village improvement work I can tell you about 
modern roofing materials. The best argument we can offer in collectors who will save you money. 


Join the Roadside Gardening Club now! It is 
a new fraternity that has no expenses or red tape 
and only one aim, viz., to make every foot of your 
daily walk or drive delightful the year round with- 
out expense. 

Write me and Ill tell you how. 

New Jersey. Tuomas McApam. 

{Next month: ““How to make Your Roadside 
Interesting All This Winter-.] 


Two Plants Often Confused 


ye you dead “‘sure” that what you bought for 

Gypsophila paniculata (in order to loosen 
bunches of sweet peas) is righly named ? Isn’t it Gal- 
ium Mollugo. Though they have the same type of 
beauty they are far apart botanically. One belongs 
to the carnation family; the other to the madder 
family. The first has separate petals; the second 
has them more or less grown together at the base. 


favor of Amatite is a sample of the 
goods themselves. When a practical 

DOUCT ASS VIELE SOUS) CO-) Nanantakesmampicce Ore umatitc mal Uis 
Douglassville, Pa. hand he recognizes at once that it is 
thicker, heavier, stronger and more 
durable than the common kinds. 


Very truly yours, 


Such letters mean something. 


The success of Amatite is dependent} Send for a free sample of Amatite, 
entirely upon the well-known fact that|and examine it carefully: It makes 
it always proves Satisfactory. The}customers for us every time. Address 
reasons are that it is made of Coal Tar | our nearest office. 


Barrett Manufacturing Company ~ 
<> 


New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston Cleveland St, Louis 
Pittsburg 


Minneapolis Cincinnati New Orleans Kansas City 


OcToOBER, 1909 


YOUR HOME BEAUTIFUL? 


You always admire well-planted grounds; you remem- 
ber them because they are azferent— 

Can you admire your own place on that basis? Wave 
you given Nature a chance to make your home lovely? 

If not, this tall is the time to do your planting, and 
right now we want you to know about our 


Surpassing Quality Nursery Stock 


Trees and vines and shrubs and plants of the 

better sové are our specialty—and pride. We EY a 
grow them in great variety /jhetty 
and tell about them in an 2% pet i 
attractively illustrated Cata- » Sew 
logue that will intere 
est you decidedly. - 

If you are going to 
plant within the next 
few months, it’s none 
too soon to begin se- 
 lecting your varieties 

mow. May we send 
you the Book? 


Koster’s Blue Spruce 
and other Evergreens in variety 


Rhododendrons 
Hybrids and Maximum 


Pot-grown Strawberry Plants 


All for planting latter part of August or early 
September. ; 
Write for prices. Catalogue mailed upon request. 


THE MORRIS NURSERY CO. 
Sales Office: Metropolitan Bldg., 
1 Madison Avenue, New York City 
WITH OR 


SUN-DIALS Wiss 
“m PEDESTALS 


x Send for illustrated 
price list H 29 


HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. 
Chicago, III. 


New York Office, 1123 Broadway 


Grow Mushrooms 


Delightful Occupation — Delicious Deli- 
cacy for the Home Table and a Good 
Income If You Wish. 


I have shown thousands of men and women how to grow 
mushrooms success‘ully. Most all of them are now in the 
business growing for profit and making a good income without 
interfering with their regular occupation with this wonderful, easy, 
pleasant pastime. Ihope soon that a mushroom bed will be as 
common as vegetable gardens. 

I have written a little book which gives truthful, reliable, experienced 
information about mushroom culture, where mushrooms can be grown, how 
to have a mushroom bed in your cellar, etc. It also tells about spawn, and 
how to secure really reliable spawn. I shall gladly send you this book Free. 

If you have never tried mushroom growing, or if you have tried and 
failed, write for my free book in which I will show you beyond the shadow 
ofa doubt that you can havea fine mushroombed. Address 


A. V. JACKSON, Jackson Mushroom Farm 
8119 North Western Ave. Pin eet ee cer I Chicago, Ill. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


I] a problem grows mm your garden write to 
the Readers? Service for assistance 153 


ae 


Nn * 


oh 
if 
il, 
aaa 
a 


ie 


Build a Winter Garden—a Greenhouse 


AVE you ever longed to have a 
cheery, happy sort of a place,where 

Tight through the winter months 

you could dig in the earth, plant 

seeds and watch them grow, just as you 
do with such pleasure and benefit in the 
summer? <A place where you can feel the 
warm sun on your back, soothing and 
driving dull care away while you make 
things grow in Mother Earth? Then you 
want one of our “‘Gardens of Glass,’‘ then 


summer can be yours the whole year 
‘round, Not only will you have a summer 
temperature, but have an attractive, bub- 
ble-like enclosure with hardly anything 
but glass between you and outdoors. 
That's the kind of greenhouse the U-Bar 
construction makes, and we are the only 
U-Bar builders. Build at once and you can 
have a continuous chapter of summer all 
the winter long. We have an interesting 
catalog which we will be glad to send you. 


U-BAR GREENHOUSES 


PIERSON 
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 


OF NG 
x<ESS 
S88 


ESTA HF 
IN) ye DVS 


stand, and be benefited by. 


prospective buyers. 


have commanded. 


° 9 « 

AY, & Vg 
J.G.HARRISON & SONS PROPRIETORS 
BERLIN MARYLAND 


2) 


ahve Plant about 
the Country Home 


Is a practical book containing facts. The same painstaking care that has 
made Harrison’s Trees and Plants a success for more than twenty years has 
been put into making this a work”that every home lover may read, and under- 


The price is 25 cents, but a copy will be sent free to any one expecting to invest 
in ornamental stock. Of equal value in its line is our nursery book, ““How to 
Grow Fruit,”’ containing vital facts for the orchardist. Price 25 cents—free to 


For years we have given special study to making country homes beautiful at cS 

reasonable cost. We have learned how a few trees, shrubs and vines will trans- 

form the most barren and unpromising home into a spot whose beauty is the pee at 
pride of a whole neighborhood. And we know dozens of cases in which homes west 

so beautified have sold at prices much higher than they could otherwise ge 5 


Let us hear from you—address your letter to Desk 10. 


U-BAR CO. 
1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK. 


Only $250 for This 
Greenhouse 


Price includes everything—benches, boiler and 
all—no extras. Shipped knocked down, ready 
for immediate erection. Goes together like a 
sectional bookcase. Thoroughly made, thor- 
oughly guaranteed. Makes a flower garden all 
winter—vegetables possible every day. Put it 
up now—get things started, Send for booklet. 


Hitchings & Company 
1i7O Broadway New York 


Raereasenbe! 


Ee 
< 


ee 'f 
os wy, oy Se 
EOC 
~ eter ae EE 


Ij a problem grows in your garden write to 
the Readers’ Service jor assistance 


for [R 


$115.00 
Spare lime 


That 1s what some of our 
representatives are making 


Our Magazines offer a chance to 
invest spare time in a profitable busi- 
ness without expense, and requiring 
only a portion of your spare time. 

The work consists in obtaining 
subscriptions and renewals to The 
World’s Work, Country Life in 
America and The Garden Magazine. 

A liberal commission is allowed 
and a guaranteed salary is also paid 
to good producers. 

We have some agents who earn 
as much as $115.00 a month for 
spare time work only. 

The business also has great cum- 
ulative results. By establishing a 
good clientele this season you can 
renew the business from year to 
year. Our Magazines are the kind 
that hold their readers. 

There is an excellent opportunity 
in every city for our representatives. 
This is the very best season. You can 
get many orders by beginning work 
immediately. We will send a com- 
plete outfit of stationery, etc., free 
including sample copies. You are 
absolutely sure of earning some- 
thing. Whether it be much or little 
depends entirely on yourself. 


A Special Salary for 
Good Producers 


You can learn all about the plan 
and secure the outfit promptly by 
merely mailing a post card. Send 
in your application to-day. 


Doubleday, Page & Co., 
135 E. 16th Street, New York City 


A Sample of 
PAGE FENCE-FREE! 


Let us send you an actual sample of Page 
Woven Wire Fence and our valuable Quar- 
ter Centennial Catalog Free. See the real 
Page Wire! Examine the method of weav- 

| ing the wonderful Page Knot—the Knot 
| that can’t come off! Study the many styles 
H of Page Fence and the Panorama of Pic- 
| tures showing extreme tests which this 
splendid fence withstands. Read how, in 
our great mills and factories, we put elas- 
ticity, tensile strength and durability 
into High Carbon, Basic Open Hearth Steel 
Wire. Learn what this means in economy. 

Specified by U.S. Government as standard 
of quality. Approved by a million farmers. 
Write at once for Free Sample of PageFence 
and Grand Quarter Centennial Catalog. 


Paze Woven Wire Fence Co. 


Box 200A Adrian, Mich: 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


OcrToBeER, 1909 


KEEPING PORCH PLANTS OVER 
WINTER 


The plants (geraniums, coleus, vines, etc.) in our 
porch boxes usually die if carried over winter in the 


cellar. Is there any way by which they can be kept 
alive? : 
Pennsylvania. W. K. 


—Geraniums and coleus may be lifted and taken 
into heat and grown on as stock plants to furnish 
cuttings for new plants next season. They require 
tropical conditions of heat and moisture. How- 
ever, geraniums can be lifted, the earth shaken off 
and the plants dried off by hanging in a frostproof 
cellar, or attic, during the winter. 
be kept except in a greenhouse temperature. 


CUTTING BULBOUS PLANTS 


Is there any danger of cutting gladiolus stems so 
close to the ground that the bulbs will not be of any 
use the coming year? 

Ohio. F. W.S. 
—The only danger that can arise in cutting bulbous 
plants lies in the entire removal of the foliage. 
Unless the foliage is allowed to ripen there can be 
no formation of new bulbs, because the leaves are 
the manufacturing portions of the plant. Cutting 
off the flowers alone would be beneficial, because the 
production of the flower involves a certain loss of 
energy and vitality in the plant as in it is involved 
the process of seed production, and that means the 
concentrating of the nutrient elements for the benefit 
of the new generation at the expense of the old. 


LILIES EXHAUSTING THE SOIL 


Tiger lilies planted in a bed under a large tree 
have grown less and less each year. The bed is 
fully exposed to the sun on the south and partially 
shaded on the east. Should I lift and divide the 
bulbs, or dig out the grass sod and enrich the soil ? 

New Hampshire. Isl, IP Jat 
—Undoubtedly the trees have exhausted the soil. 
There is always this danger however with hardy her- 
baceous plants; that is the reason why division 
is necessary every few years. For best results, 
divide them about every five or seven years, replant- 
ing in thoroughly enriched soil. Also give a good 
mulch of stable manure from time to time. The 
little black bulbils can be sown the same way as 
seeds, but will take some few years before they attain 
flowering size. Sow them in drills like corn or 
beans in well enriched soil. 


HEDGES UNDER TREES 


Part of a long barberry hedge in my garden, 
near a row of large elm trees, does not grow 
as well as the rest of the hedge. Should fertilizer 
be applied; and if so, what? 

Illinois. W. W. B. 

— It is almost impossible to grow a perfect hedge 
under trees, particularly if: they are such greedy 
feeders as the American elm and the silver maple. 
Better than trying to raise a hedge under such 
trees is to plant some good ground cover, like the 
running myrtle (Vzuca minor), or a grass mixture 
especially adapted for shady places. Try apply- 
ing a complete fertilizer to the hedge this fall. 
Do not use nitrate of soda, however, or anything 
that has readily available nitrates, for they would 
stimulate growth during the fall months. Bone 
meal contains a large amount of phosphoric acid, 
in the shape of phosphate and might be applied to 
the ground at any time, since phosphatic fertilizers 
are not washed out of the ground by rains. 


Coleus cannot ’ 


MAKAROFF 
~RUSSIAN 
CIGARETS 


can now be supplied in quantities 
to suit. We haven't advertised 
the “cigaret of connoisseurs” for two 
years because we couldn’t make them fast 
enough to supply the demand created by 


advertising, without resorting to machine 
orto common labor. As we told you in our last 
advertisement, two years ago, Russian artists at 
cigaret blending cannot be picked up casually in 
this country. Now we have them. 


Say “MAKAROFF” to your dealer today. 
15 and 25 cents. 


Plain, cork-tip or mouthpiece. 


That isthe kind of fence you get when you set California 
Privet. Whether planted elaborately or plainly, your 
grounds need a border of this distinctive little shrup to 
properly complete the setting, . 


My California Privet 


is better than you would ordinarily buy—because growing 7® 
is my specialty. I have acres of it—over one million plants. 

Write for my literature; or better still, send in your 
order now while selections are good. Drop me a line at any 
rate—even though you do not expect to order until later. 


G, A- BENNETT, Box 50, Robbinsville, N. J-= 
1 ST TS a RENT (STARE RECAST ERIE 


ORNAMENTAL, LASTING 


CANNOF BE EQUALLED 
W. R. GRAY 


FAIRFAX ROSES 


Catalogue free 
Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX, CO., VA. 


GET THE BEST 


owes eaeem ne 


FLORICULTURE 


Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- 
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor of Cornell 
University. 

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and 
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and 
Vegetables as well as Flowers Under Glass. 

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G F., Springfield, Mass. 


Prof. Craig 


A good Spray Pump earns big 
profits and lasts for years. 


THE ECLIPSE 


is a good pump. As practical 
fruit growers we were using the 
common sprayers in our own 
orchards—found their defects 
and then invented THE 
ECLIPSE. Its success practi- 
cally forced us into manufactur= 
ing on a large scale. You take 
no chances. We have done al} 
the experimenting. 


Large fully illustrated 
Catalogue and Treatise 
on Spraying—FREE 


Y, Benton Harbor, Mich. 


MORRILL @ MORLE 


OcToOBER, 1909 


r n i +r The Readers’ Service is prepared to 
a H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N EK nee Gin aes a rae ‘ eafade 


You Can Live 


‘Outdoors 


L the Time 


ITHOUT plenty of fresh air (at least 
\ \ 30 cubic feet per minute) your body 
or mind cannot stay fit for work. 
That is Nature’s law. The blood goes in a 
constant stream to the lungs for the sole purpose 
of giving up Carbonic Acid Gas and getting 
OxycEN—if the air that you breathe into your 
lungs is not rich with OxYGEN, it must be poisoned 
with Carbonic Acid. Thus the blood is slowly 
starved, its power to build tissue fails, and 
every bodily organ, every muscle fibre and every 
brain-cell suffers. 


S lurtevant 


Ready to Run 


Ventilating Set 


Either Blows Fresh Air in 
or Takes Foul Air out, 


It is a positive, surely-controllable means of supplying 
pure air at ALL times. Open windows give real ventilation 
only on windy days. Desk fans simply stir up the dead air 
already in the room. The StURTEVANT VENTILATING SET 
insures an abundance of pure air which will tone up the 
workers in the office, or, in the bed-chamber, will give the 
sleeper the same refreshing sleep as though he were out of 
doors. It will keep every room in the house fresh and 


_ & sweet, by blowing out dampness and preventing mustiness. 


It is PorTABLE, ready to run, operated by the electric 
light current. Used in Clubs, Smoking-rooms, Offices, 
Kitchens, Sick-rooms, etc. 


If you have any office, room or basement 


that is notas fresh and airy as you wish, | 


write us about it. We are ventilation experts. 
SEND FOR BULLETIN “B” 


Tt tells you facts you should know about real ventilation, 
and is sent FREE. 


The B. F. Sturtevant Co., Boston, Mass. 
Office and Works, Hyde Park, Mass. 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 


COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 
beautiful, practical, entertaining. $4.00 
a year. 


THE WORLD’S WORK 
interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING 
telling how to make things grow. $1.00a 
year. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York 


Coming: 


The 
Lords of 
High 
Decision 

. 
MEREDITH NICHOLSON 
A superb novel of life 
and love in Pittsburgh, the 
great modern City of the ‘‘Iron 


Ieleatt. by the author of the 
enormously successful tales: 
‘The House of a Thousand 
Candles: sande. (ihe Port of 
Missing Men.”’ 


Color Pictures 
by A. TI. Keller 


$1.50 


In the Fall we shall publish 
superb new editions of 
two classics 


ILLUSTRATED BY 


Arthur Rackham 


Grimm’s Fairy ‘Tales 


Mr. Rackham feels that this superb 

edition of “Grimm ”’ is his highest 
achievement as a creative illustrator, for 
these tales have always appealed to him 
peculiarly. The book is a triumph in 
every way and confirms anew Mr. 
Rackham’s preéminence in this line of 
work. Sumptuously printed and bound. 

Ready in October 

Size, 10x12; about 50 illustrations in color 


Net, $6.00 


Undine 
This is a new translation by W. L. 
Courtenay of Fouqué’s famous 
classic. he water-sprite gaining her 
soul through marriage to a mortal is the 
kind of fanciful subject which gives Mr. 
Rackham’s imagination full sweep, and 
this volume will doubtless take its place 
as the standard edition of this classic 
with all who care for a beautiful book 
at a low price. 
Ready in November 
Many illustrations in color and black and white 


Net, $2.00 


Navigating the Air 


PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES 


OF THE AERO CLUB OF AMERICA 


"| HE personal experiences of twenty-four men 
who are distinguished to-day in the art and 
science of flying. This book gives for the first 
time an authentic summary: of the present state of 
this new science. Among the contributors are: 
Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, the Wright Brothers, 
Lieut. Lahm, John P. Holland, and many other 
famous aéronautical specialists. 


Thirty-two pages of photographs showing important devel- 


opments in aerial navigation. 


Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St., N. Y. 


Net $1.50 (postage, 15c.) 


156 


Isaac 


E 
OF MODERN TIMES. 
RES PLANT F() 


The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 
information about rein ee : ae H E G A TR D E N M A G A Z, I NE 


Do You Want Trees Like 
These Planted in October? 


N three years you can have trees as dense and shady 
as these. We have hundreds of just such trees ready 
for immediate delivery. And there can be no better 


time to move some of them to your grounds than right now. 

It is a great mistake to wait until spring for such work, 
because everyone about your place is head over heels in 
work and extra men hard to get. By doing it now your 
grounds will not be torn up in the spring and Hicks trees will 
leaf out and go on growing as if they had always been there. 

If you don’t want maples we have plenty of others, every 
one of them root pruned, hardy, well filled out specimens. 
So you see there is no need of your waiting years for trees 
to grow when we can give you the effect you want right 
now. [wo or three such trees don’t cost any more in 
the end than several small ones and even if they did, they 
are worth it. Along with your trees, set out some hardy 
shrubs such as Barberry, Red Twig, Dog Wood, Spirea, 
Hydrangea and such like, every one of which will be the 
better next spring for planting now. 

If you would take the time to run out to our nursery 
you could see the trees growing and make your own 
selections. If you can’t, the catalog is the next best. 
Better send for the catalog whichever way you do it. 


Hicks 


Westbury, Long Island 


ie The Great Magical 
Plant Fertilizer 


Use it now on flowering plants of all 
kinds, chrysanthemums, etc., and it will 
} bring about most marvelous results. An 
>|} application now will keep your plants in 
GREATEST DISCOVERY) ||| fine healthy condition throughout the Fall 
| and Winter, and enable them to withstand 
the severe weather. The life-giving prop- 
} erties diffused by ‘‘ BONORA,” espec- 
| ially at this time of the year, hasa lasting 
and permanent effect. Order through 


PEONIES 


& Son 


The House of Peterson 


Is Headquarters for the world’s best 


your seedsman or direct. 
Put up in dry form in all size packages 


| as follows: 


1 lb., making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65 
5lbs., ‘ 140 oe 2.50 


# zolbs., ‘* 280 se 4-75 


solbs., ‘* 1120 a 22.50 
BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome Si 
New York 


Time now to plant. Catalog on application to 


GEORGE H. PETERSON 


Rose and Peony Specialist 


Fair Lawn, N. J. 


Box 50 


OcToBER, 1909 


WHERE TO PLANT BEE BALM 


What is the most favorable location in which 
to plant bee balm? 

Virginia. J. M. McB. 

— Bee balm should be planted where it will have a 
southern exposure and full sunshine, and be shel- 
tered from cold northern winds. It does not 
require an especially rich soil. In your locality 
it would not require any protection during ordi- 
nary winter weather. 


FAILURE OF LETTUCE TO HEAD 


Lettuce, started in the house in a box and trans- 
planted to a light, sandy loam to which sheep 
manure has been added, refuse to head. How can 
I induce heading ? 

New York. H. P. W. 
—The only way to make lettuce head is to grow it 
on quickly from the very start. If given a proper 
seed-bed and never allowed to suffer from check, 
it will head, provided, of course, that heading 
varieties are grown and not crisp varieties. Try 
enriching the soil with stable manure that will hold 
water. Sheep manure does not do this. 


POULTRY MANURE AS A FERTILIZER 


Is poultry manure of any use in the vegetable 
garden? 

Washington. W. J. W. 

— Poultry manure is a complete fertilizer, and can 
be used in the garden on all garden crops. Many 
people believe that it can be favorably compared 
with high-grade commercial fertilizers, but the 
good results obtained are due to the readily ayail- 
able form in which the nitrogen exists, since the 
examination of the products does not show them 
to be particularly rich in nitrogen, or in the mineral 
elements of fertility, phosphoric acid and potash. 


APPLYING NITRATE OF SODA 


In what proportion should nitrate of soda be used 
on flowers and lawn? 

New York. H. E. R. 
—WNitrate of soda can be used for any growing crops 
by dissolving it in water at the rate of about one ounce 
to three gallons of water. It is not advisable 
to use the soda on lawns late in the season 
(August), as it is a fertilizer that induces a rapid, 
succulent growth of the green parts of the plants. 
At that time of the year it would be better to apply 
wood ashes to your lawn. Flowers in pots should 
be given nitrate of soda very sparingly, and only 
during the period of active growth or just before it — 
never as growth is maturing. 


GROWING THE BANANA PLANT 


I have a banana plant which has produced this 
year a portion of a bunch of fruit as well as four or 
five new shoots. It will be necessary to remove 
the shoots; what is the proper time to do this and 
how should it be done? 

Pennsylvania. DAN le: 
—The large shoot which bears the bunch of fruit 
should be cut away entirely after the fruit is ripe, 
as it will not again bear. The large and small 
shoots about the old stem should be cut apart with 
a spade or knife, leaving a portion of the roots on 
each shoot. Plant thése as separate plants, which 
should bear fruit in about eighteen months. One 
shoot may be left on the old root to take the place of 
the stem which has borne fruit, and which will be 
cut away after the fruit has ripened. 


GROWING EASTER LILIES 


How can I grow the Easter lily on a small scale? 
Massachusetts. R. U. 
—Buy the bulbs of the Easter lily (Lilium longi- 
florum or Hlarrisit) as early as possible in the fall, 
pot them like any other bulb and put the pots in a 
coldframe where roots can be made and where frost 
will not reach them. Bring the plants indoors 
on the approach of severe weather; and if intended 
for early forcing, begin to force at once in a cool 
greenhouse, keeping the soil evenly moist. The 
plants can be shifted into larger pots as they develop. 
The only trick in successful forcing of the Easter 
lily is to exactly gauge the time to begin the process 
and to control the conditions so as to make the plants 
come into flower at the desired time. Experience 

alone will teach this. 


, I} you wish information about dogs 
Ocroser, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE apply tothe Reader Service 157 


YOU ARE ENTITLED 
TO A COPY 


of our new catalogue which con- 
tains the titles of all the best books, 
by all publishers, on agriculture, hor- 
ticulture and their various branches. 
This list has been compiled solely 
for the benefit of our patrons, and 
we are prepared to supply the books 
at regular prices. 

If you take an interest in the 
maintenance and improvement of 
the home grounds, you will find 
this catalogue a convenient and 
indispensable asset to your book 
shelves. 

If you do not already possess a 
copy, send us a postal and we will 
forward it to you. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 
133-137 E. 16th Street, New York 


TRON AGE 


Tools and Implements for farm and garden are more popular 
than ever. Splendid improvements for 1909. Catalogue 
FREE. Write for it to-day. 


BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box C, GRENLOCH, N. J. 


CALIFORNIA PRIVET 


BRIGHT, GLOSSY, GREEN HEDGE 


Write for List of Hedge Plants 


MARTIN H. MUSSER, 
38 Cottage Ave., LANCASTER, PA. 


BUREEE Soom cre 


Leading American Seed 
Catalog,’’ for 1909, address BURPEE, Philadelphia. 


WATER WORKS 


IN YOUR HOME 


A few minutes’ pumping stores enough 
water under air pressure to force it any- 
where. Running water throushout the 
home—for kitchen, bathroom and laundry. 
Send for detailed information. 


JOHNSTON MFG. CO., P Walnut., Kansas City, Mo. 


Oity smoke and dust are hard on most yines—many kinds 
whic thrive in the country fail when planted in the city. 
Because of its strong, vigorous growth, its unusual climbin 
propensities, and its remarkable hardiness, the beautifu 
Huonymus radicans proves a most satisfactory 


High - Climbing Evergreen 
Vine for City Homes 


Its leaves are small and glossy, and grow thickly; it bears 
numerous showy fruits in striking contrast to its foliage. 
Many authorities consider Euonymus radicans a better ever- 
green vine than the English Ivy. Also useful for low hedge, 
if properly trimmed. 

We have a fine stock of three-year-old plants, and can fur- 
nish fine specimens at 20 cents each, or $2.00 per dozen; extra- 
strong plants, 25 cents each, or $2.50 per dozen, 

Our new Fall Price-List describes many other interestiag 
specialties. It’s free—write. 


PETER’S NURSERY COMPANY, Box 330, KNOXVILLE, TENN. 


Bike 


ee Re PRA 


“The Salvation of Our Trees” 
Educational Lecture by John Davey 
“The Father of Tree Surgery” 


John Davey, the world’s greatest tree expert, who gave to mankind the won- 
derful profession of tree surgery, is rounding out his useful life by the delivery of 
an illustrated lecture, ‘‘The Salvation of Our Trees,’’ that arouses each com- 


munity in which it is heard to the needs of its trees. Knowledge of trees, founded 

on abiding love for them, enables Mr. Davey to speak with convincing force. 
This lecture, using over 150 beautiful lantern slides, illustrates real trees, por- 

traying every phase of tree life—perfect and imperfect trees; sick and wounded 


trees ; neglected and ‘‘butchered”’ trees ; improperly treated trees, and trees that 
lave been saved by the science of tree surgery, properly applied. 
Mr. Davey, describes with powerful effect the wonders of tree life, from an en- 
JOHN DAVEY tirely new standpoint. His words are the expression of a life experience, and ap- 
peal to the best emotions of his hearers—for a deeper appreciation of the signifi- 
cance of trees and a tenderer regard for their welfare. 

“The Salvation of Our Trecs” is practical, yet entertaining; instructive, but filled with human interest; 
original, and little less than astounding in many of its revelations. The president of the American Civic 
Association said of this lecture ‘‘I wish ten thousand communities might hear it; ‘hat would mean the sal- 
vation of a million trees.” 

Fall and winter engagements for Mr. Davey are rapidly being completed. Special rates will be made to 
Park Commissions, Civic Improvement Societies, Boards of Trade, Schools and Colleges, Women’s Clubs and 
Chautauquas. Those interested should write promptly, for open dates, booklets and full information. 


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY 
(Operating Davey’s School of Practical Forestry) 
Desk 1, KENT, OHIO 


“THE TREE DOCTOR ”—The latest book of John Davey. Practical from cover to cover. 213 beautiful 
photographic illustrations. I¢ tells how; is good to read and better to study. $2.00 postpaid. Large and rf 
4 


Father of Tree Surgery 


handsome brochure ‘‘ Our Wounded Friends, The Trees” free to owners of property with trees. 


> MESS, lca shl 


<a {2 Be =e A 
ra a La Nae > LN Farafl 


A Mess at all seasons 


of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar Planet Jr. Garden Tools 


in postage stamps together with the name of your : ; 0 
40 cts. Boner cil brine you, postpaid, direct from the | Give bigger results with halfthe work.  Illus- 


YSi, manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of trated 1909 catalogue free. 
; p SPAW J : 
Fe eee oo etcien > SUR Allen) @ Co, Box 1108 S, Philadelphia. 


"2 2 
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book 
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising, 
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will 
be sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer. 


Address; American Spawn Co., Dept.2, St. Paul, Minn. 


While you plan 
before you plant 


let us know your problem and submit our 


suggestions and 
planting plan 


Practical, economical landscape service, based 
on thirty years’ experience on fine large and 
small estates, public parks, etc, Detail planting 
list and exact cost given with each plan. 

Our booklet, ‘\Beautifying Home Surround- 
ings,”’ will be sent free, prepaid, on request. Tells 
most practical way to plant for immediate effect; 
illustrates and describes best methods of hand- 
ling the very problems that confront you. 

Make the most of your landscape—get our 
suggestions, booklet and 68-page Tree, Ever- 
green and Hardy Plant catalog at once. 


OVETT service 
J.T. LOVETT 
Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. 


1909 


* Old Colony Nurseries 


HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES 
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS 


™ A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam. 
Good plants; best sizes for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue 
free on application. 


T. R. WATSON Plymouth, Mass. 


HOW TO GROW ROSES 


A trusty guide to success with roses 
out of doors. Invaluable to every Ch, Z 
lover of the Queen of Flowers 
Mailed for roc. Box 24-1. 


Timely Planting in the Fall 
Insures pleasure in the Spring 


Send for our Catalogue 


SHATEMUC NURSERIES 


BARRYTOWN, DUTCHESS CO., N. Y. 


LILACS 


The Choicest Varieties 


Including the famous HIGHLAND PARK COLLECTION 


Catalogue containing descriptions of 85 different kinds will be sent on request. 
This Catalogue also contains accurate and trustworthy description of the best 


TREES, SHRUBS and HARDY PLANTS 


ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, Box B, Rochester, N. Y. 


158 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcroserR, 1909 


N. LE BRUN& SONS, 
ARCHITECTS, 
NEW YORK CITY 


HE use of that one word “‘ Atlas’? can make or mar the success 

of your concrete house. Everyone knows the attractiveness and 
value of concrete as a building material, but not everyone knows the 
importance of getting the right brand of cement. 


ATLAS CEMENT 


produces uniform work of the best quality. It is not good in one spot 
and bad in another; it is all good, all equally good, all the same. It pro- 
duces a building as permanent, lasting and durable as stone. It gives 
you a one-piece house, every inch of which is fireproof and sanitary. It 
is a delightful building material, a logical one and a typically American 
one. Only be sure you get the right cement—Atlas—the cement of 
which the United States Government bought 4,500,000 barrels for use 
in building the Panama Canal. 


“* Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm” (sent free) 
** Concrete Coun’-y Residences” (postage 25 cents) 
“* Concrete Cottages”’ (sent free) 
** Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction” (postage 10 cents) 
§F YOUR DEALER CANNOT SUPPLY YOU WITH ATLAS, WRITE TO 
THE ATLAS porttann CEMENT Co. 
Inquiry Dept. 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 
Largest output of any cement company in the world. Over 
60,000 barrels per day _ camera 5 


NONE JUST AS GOOD 


A “Nature Garden” mixture so selected as 
to produce a luxuriant field of bloom for six 
weeks’ duration. 

An assortment of Daffodills, Jonquils and 

Narcissi, of four distinct varieties so arranged 
Cr that only one kind blooms at a time, produc- 
or ing a beautiful, continuous floral harmony. 
The ideal material for the Wild Garden, old fashioned 
borders, woodlands and grass-plots. 
We offer Rawson’s “Nature Garden” mixture 


100 bulbs for 
1,000 “ 
10, "000 s 


Free delivery to any express office in the United States 


Ask for Rawson’s Bulb Handbook for 1909, 
the most elaborate ever published by us. 


W. W. RAWSON & CO. Boston mass. 


; 


TAL TALT TT 
ees SSeS os i Oy 
A Me a 2 a cata 


“NEW ENGLAND GARDENS 
BLOOM ALL SUMMER 


We furnish complete gardens of every description— 


Rose Gardens, Old-Fashioned Perennial Gardens, 
PEONIE S Formal Gardens, Japanese and Italian Gardens 


From the Cottage Gardens’ Famous Collection Expert advice on all questions pertaining to Gardens and 


pe i Pe the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us your needs. 
Our 1909 Catalogue, containing a valuable treatise on the cultivation of We can help you. 


the Peony and giving authentic descriptions of nearly three hundred varie- OF. Vivo We eid) Gace @ue INDD\AY ILILIO IN A\anio iD, 
ties, is ready for distribution. : CATALOG of HOLLAND and JAPANESE BULBS, 
fom EVERGREENS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, 
Send To-day for a Free Copy 3 , ROSES, Etc., Sabie AUTUMN PLANTING. ; 
Peonies may be planted any time during the fall months, but September ain We grow everything required for Garden, Lawn and 
and October planting will give the best results. = Landscape Planting. 
NOTE:—Our enormous stock of one hundred thousand plants enabies 


us to furnish tubers of the very highest quality, and in filling orders we use ( ft | HE NEWFNGLAND NURSERIES, INC. 


undivided roots only, assuring an abundance of flowers the first season. 


COTTAGE GARDENS CO., INC., Queens, Long Island, New York BEDFORD, MASS. 


The Stevens Boy is the kind 
of boy that makes the manly man. A 
Stevens Rifle is a wonderful all-round ex- 
erciser of those faculties which, well developed, 

make for success in business and _ profession. 

Self-reliance, steady nerves, quick muscles 
and an active, responsive brain are all Stevens- 
built qualities. 

The boy with the Stevens Rifle gets this 
training in a way that he enjoys and while getting 
good bodily exercise in the healthful outdoor air. 


Stevens Rifles are thoroughly well made arms— 
accurate, easy-working and safe. Every one is tested be- 
fore leaving our factory. They are known as the “‘Bull’s- 
eye Kind,’’ because they have more marksmanship records 
to their credit than all other makes combined. 


Dan Beard’s “Guns and Gunning” 


An interesting and valuable volume on camping, woodcraft, habits of game 
birds, which animals are pests and which are not, etc. Beautifully illus- 
trated by Bellmore H. Browne. Sent postpaid on receipt of price. 
Paper covered, 20 cents; cloth covered, stamped in gilt, 30 cents. 


160-Page Catalogue Free 


if you will send 6 cents to cover postage. Filled with 
valuable information on choice and care of fire-arms; 
notes on sights, ammunition, etc. 


Ask your dealer and insist on STEVENS— 
there are no substitutes, If you cannot ob- 
tain, we will ship direct, express prepaid, 
upon receipt of catalogue price. 


J. STEVENS Ma 
ARMS & TOOL CO. _ stevewitayard is 


Crack Shot -acene 
420 Front St. Little Krag 


Chicopee Falls, Mass., U. S. A. FavaritetNonl7! wee 


THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


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Living From Poultry 


$1,500.00 From 60 Hens in Ten Months 
On a City Lot 40 Feet Square 


O the average poultryman that would 

seem impossible and when we tell you 

that we have actually done a $1,500 
poultry business with 60 hens on a corner in 
the city garden 40 feet wide by 40 feet long 
we are simply stating facts. It would not be 
possible to get such returns by any one of 
the systems of poultry keeping recommended 
and practiced by the American people, still it is 
an easy matter when the new 


Philo System ieoprea. 


The Philo System is Unlike All Other 
Ways of Keeping Poultry 


and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry 
work that have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of 
results that are hard to believe without seeing. 


The New System Covers All Branches of the 
Work Necessary for Success 


from selecting the breeders to marketing the product. It tells how to get 
eggs that will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg and how to raise nearly 
all the chicks hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to make 
everything necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost 
required to handle the poultry 
business in any other manner. 


Two Pound Broilers 
in Eight Weeks 


are raised in a space of lessthana 
square foot to the broiler without 
any loss, and the broilers are of 
the very best quality, bringing 
here three cents per pound above 
the highest market price. 


Our Six=Months=Old Pullets are Laying at 
the Rate of 24 Eggs Each per Month 


in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone of any description 
is fed, and the food used is inexpensive as compared with food others are using. 
Our new book, the PHiLo SysTEM OF POULTRY KEEPING, gives full 


particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to- 
understand directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages of illustrations 
showing all branches of the work from start to finish. 


Don’t Let the Chickens Die in the Shell 


One of our secrets of success is to save all the chickens that are fully 
developed at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell ornot. Itisa 
simple trick and believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and 
Chinese which enabled them to sell the chicks at 10 cents a dozen. 


Chicken Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel 


Our book tells how to make the best green food with but little trouble and have a 
good supply, any day in the year, winter orsummer. It is just as impossible to get 
a large egg yield without green food as it is to keep a cow without hay or fodder. 


Our New Brooder Saves 2 Centson Each Chicken 


No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-heating or burning up 
the chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. They also 
keep all the lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them 
when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to take 
and use them. One can easily be made in an hour ata cost of 25 To 50 CENTS. 


TESTIMONIALS 


Three Pound Roaster Ten Weeks Old 


Mr. E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Bellefontaine, Ohio, June 7, 1909. 

Dear Sir:—I just want to tell you of the success I have had with 
the Philo System. In January, 1909, I purchased ene of your Philo 
System books and I commenced to hatch chickens. On the third day 
of February, toco, I succeeded in hatching ten chicks. I put them in 
one of your fireless brooders and we had zero weather. We succeeded 
in bringing through nine—one got killed by accident. On June1x, one 
of the pullets laid her first egg and the most remarkable thing is she 
has laid every day since up to the present time. 

Yours truly, R. S. LaRue. 


_. 205 S. Clinton St., Baltimore, Md., May 28, 1909. 
Mr. E. R. Philo, Publisher, Elmira, N. Y. : 

Dear_Sir:—I have embarked in the poultry business on a small 
scale (Philo System) and am having the best of success so far, sixty- 
eight per cent. of eggs hatched by hens, all chicks alive and hea)thy 
at this writing; they are now three weeks old. Mr. Philo isa public 
benefactor and I don’t believe his system can be improved upon, and 
so I am now looking for more yard room, having but 50x30 where I 
am now. Yours truly, C. H. Leach. 


Mr. E.R. Philo, Elmira, N.Y. South Britain, Conn., Apr. 14, 1909. 
Dear Sir:—I have followed your system as close as I could; the 
result isa complete success. If there can be any improvement on 
nature, your brooder is it. The first experience I had with your 
System was last December. I hatched 17 chicks under two hens, 
put them as soonas hatched in one Of your brooders out-of-doors and 
at the age of three months I sold them at 35c a pound. They then 
averaged 216 lbs. each, and the man I sold them to said they were 
the finest he ever saw, and he wants all I can spare this season. 
Yours truly, A. E. Nelson. 


Mr. E.R. Philo, Elmira, N.Y. Osakis, Minn., June 7,1909. 
Dear Sir:—You certainly have the greatest system the world has 

ever known. I have had experience with poultry, but I know you have 

the system that brings the real profits. | Yours, Jesse Underwood. 


Mr.E R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Brockport, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1908, 

Dear Sir:—I have had perfect success brooding chickens your way. 

I think your method will raise stronger, healthier chicks than the 

old way of using lamps and besides it saves so much work and risk. 
Yours respectfully, M. S. Gooding. 


Send $1.00 direct to the publisher and a copy of the latest 
revised edition of the book will be sent you by return mail 


E. R. PHILO, Publisher, 164 Third Street, ELMIRA, N. Y. 


C 


NovemBer, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 161 


see as Vasco zf Gane rE mM & . : S . 
_ Caruso in LAfricaine Schumann -Hemk Tetrazzinj LP 
a Lucig 


in Madame as Brunnhilde in Die Walkure 


as “pvgeguer®® , Sees as ee Cio= “Se 


Melba" 


The world’s greatest singers | 
make records only for the Victor. | 


The world’s greatest singers! The greatest tenors; the great- J 
est sopranos; the greatest contraltos; the greatest baritones; the §j | 
greatest bassos. Not among the greatest, but fhe greatest of | 
all nationalities. 


Caruso, the greatest Italian tenor Melba, the greatest English soprano 
Dalmores, the greatest French tenor Tetrazzini, the greatest Italian soprano 


Scotti Eames the greatest American sopranos 
Battistini >the greatest Italian baritones Farrar 8 ph 


Ruffo 


Calve, the greatest French soprano 
de Gogorza, the greatest Spanish baritone 


Gadski, the greatest German soprano 


Renaud, the BESES: French baritone Sembrich, the greatest Polish soprano 


Homer, the greatest American contralto Michailowa, the greatest Russian soprano 


Schumann-Heink, the greatest German contralto Journet 


Gerville-Réache, the greatest French contralto - Plancon 


} the greatest French bassos 


These famous artists—universally acknowledged the greatest, 
and commanding the highest salaries— make records | 
only for the Victor because only the Victor brings gage | 
out their voices as clear and true as life itself. aor ak i 


REG. U.S. PAT. OFF- 


New Victor core are on nies at all epee on Sine 28th of each month 


Ke 


Ss) 
Bs Regular edition, at a popular price, of the standard work on American Gardening 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


NovemeBer, 1909 


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eS SE SSS SS OSE 


oS 


The American Flower Garden 
B 
NELTJE BLANCHAN 
Author of ‘‘Bird Neighbors,’’ “‘Nature’s Garden,’’ etc. 


Until the advent of the édition de luxe of this already famous book there had been needed an authori- 
tative work covering the American Garden as that famous work by William Robinson describes the 
English Garden. The present book is the ‘‘final authority’? and covers adequately the needs of the 
amateur whose garden is either extensive or the reverse; and every fact among the thousands is made 
quickly available by a fourteen-page index. There are four plates in full color, and eighty plates of 
sufficient size adequately to treat the subjects presented. With planting lists by Leonard Barron. 
Regular edition. Net price, $5.00 (postage 35 cents). 


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Reactions 


By 
RUDYARD KIPLING 


Now ready—the great first collection 
of short stories by Mr. Kipling since the 
Nobel prize was awarded to him for 
“the most distinguished work in the 


The Lords of High 


Decision 
By 
MEREDITH NICHOLSON 


Author of ‘‘The House of a Thousand Candles, ’’ 
“*The Main Chance, ”’ etc. 


The story of Wayne Craighill, ‘“‘the 


child of his city (Pittsburg), who ex- 
pressed its genius, its confused aims, its 
weaknesses and its aspirations,’ and 


how he realized his own possibilities through the inspiration of a 
Illustrated 


girl “whose hands had known labor.” 
by Arthur I. Keller. $1.50. 


The Master 


By Irvinc BaAcHELLER. A fresh plot, a new love motive, a 
new hero, and a new villain—the dearest old wretch since 
“John Silver.” Stimulation for heart and brain in this refresh- 
ing story by the author of “Eben Holden.” Fixed price, $1.20 
(postage 12C¢.). 


In the Border Country 


By JosrpHineE Daskam Bacon. Three “fairy tales” for 
wearied womankind; they are beautiful idyls of sympathy and 
understanding. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.00 (postage 10c.). 


The Leopard and the Lily 


By Marjorie BowEN. This is a tale of breathless adventure, 
of grim lawlessness and unbridled passions — in those medizval 
times in which the author laid her magnificent “‘The Viper 
of Milan.” Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12¢.). 


The Thin Santa Claus 


By Exris Parker Butter. How a kindly and benevolent 
chicken “fancier” made a gladsome Christmas for Mrs. Gratz— 
a superb bit of nonsense by the “Pigs is Pigs’? man. Illus- 
trated. 50 cents. 


Just for Two 


By Mary Stewart Curtine. Five stories of love and court- 
ship with the heart-warming quality of Mrs. Cutting’s ‘‘Little 
Stories of Married Life.” Fixed price, $1.00 (postage toc.). 


The Big Strike at Siwash 


By Grorcr FitcH. A football story, by our new humorist, 
who makes his debut with one of the most rousingly funny 
stories that have ever appeared. Illustrated. 50 cents. 


ie tree 


in color 


The Half Moon 


By Forp Mapox Hurrrer. Mr. Hueffer’s fine, sturdy novel 
of Henry Hudson and his times, apart from its timeliness, 
compares well with the good ripe stories that deal with the 
period. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 12c.). 


Warrior, the Untamed 


By Witt Irwin. An uproariously funny story of the roamings 
of a “man-eating” lion through some New England open 
country. Illustrated. 50 cents. 


The Golden Season 


By Myra Kerry. Myra Kelly’s unfailing vein of sprightly 
humor has full play in this charming story of the escapades of 
Elizabeth in a coeducational college. Illustrated. Fixed price, 
$1.20 (postage 12¢.) \ : 
Arsene Lupin 

Noyelized by Epcar Jepson from the Drama by MAurRIcE 
Leprane. Mr. Leblanc’s famous creation is a sort of modern 
Robin Hood of the city; he preys only upon the rich; he is 
inexhaustible in resources, brilliant, elusive, mysterious — 
and has, withal, a sense of humor that is a delightful contrast to 
most detective tales. Illustrated. Price, $1.50. 


Little Maude and Her Mamma 


By CuartEs Barrett Loomis. Just what a classic is may be 
hard to define, but this story has pleased millions of English- 
speaking people. Illustrations. 50 cents. 


Putting on the Screws 


By GouverRNEuR Morris. It would be hard to find a more 
appropriate volume for the holiday season than this wholesome, 
unaffected. tale of domestic trials and a well-deserved reward. 
Fixed price, 50 cents (postage 8c.) 


field of idealistic tendency.’’ The book 
contains: “An Habitation Enforced,” 
“The House Surgeon,” “A Deal in 
Night Mail,’’ “Little Foxes,’? “The Puzzler,’ ““Garm—A 
Hostage,” ““The Mother Hive.” 


Cotton,” “‘With the 


Eight illustrations. $1.50. 


Daphne in Fitzroy Street 


By E. Nessir, author of “The Incomplete Amorist,” ete. It 
would be hard to find a more engaging picture of fresh 
young girlhood than Daphne, the heroine of this moving love- 
story. Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12¢.). 


A Court of Inquiry 


By Grace S. RicHmonp, author of “On Christmas Day in the 
Morning,” etc. A charming story of a group of girl and men 
friends and their pairing off. Mrs. Richmond has never written 
anything so entertaining. Illustrations. Fixed price, $1.00 
(postage 12¢.). 


The Lady of Big Shanty 


By F. BERKELEY SMITH. A moving story of the great North 
Woods, and the influence of the primeval wild in bringing out the 
true womanhood in Mrs. Thayor, a “butterfly of fashion.” 
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.). ; 


A Girl of the Limberlost 


By Gene Srratron-Porter. A parallel and companion 
story to “Freckles,” with as delightful a heroine as you'll find 
in several years’ fiction. Illustrations in color. $1.50. 


At the Foot of the Rainbow 


By Gene StratTon-Porter. A simple outdoor romance 
of {tender love and devoted friendship—the friendship which 
gives freely without return, and the love which seeks first the 
happiness of its object. Mew edition. Illustrated im color by 
Oliver Kemp. Price, $1.50. 


The Southerner 
By Nicuoras WortH. A striking novel of Southern life, pic- 
turing the successful struggle of the men since the War—full of 
real history, of adventure and romance. Fixed price, $1.20 
(postage 12c.). 


! 


aN 


“ 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK | 
[a eee SOBRE R 


NoveEMBER, 1909 


RUDYARD 
KIPLING’S 


The Song of the 
English 
Illustrated by W. Heath Robinson 


For this well-known poem, which 
is a typical example of Mr. Kip- 
ling’s superb rendering of heroic 
and national thought in verse, 
Mr. W. Heath Robinson has 
prepared a magnificent series of 
illustrations. There are thirty 
full pages in color, ten full 
pages in black and white, and 
pen decorations on every page. 
Orders will be taken in advance 
as the edition is limited to one 


MEE Goa RODEN 


A. RADCLYFFE 
DUGMORE’S 


Camera Adventures 


in the African Wilds 


Mr. Dugmore has for years 
stood alone as a nature photog- 
rapher and has been in East 
Africa for some months securing 
pictures of lions, rhinoceroses, 
giraffes and other African ani- 
mals. His success has been not- 
able, and the story of his 
adventures, with the marvelous 
pictures, makes a book that pre- 
sents the heart of African wild 
life to the reader vividly and 
intimately. Over 100 illustrations 


MAGAZINE 


ARTHUR RACKHAM’S 
Superbly Illustrated Editions of 


Grimm’s Fairy 


Tales 


Mr. Rackham feels that this 
superb edition of ““Grimm”’ is his 
highest achievement as a creative 
illustrator, for these tales have 
always appealed to him pecul- 
larly. The book is a triumph 
in every way. Fifty tllustrations 
in color. Net price, $6.00 (post- 
age goc.). Edition de luxe, with 
artist’s autograph, limited to 100 
copies. Net price, $20.00. 


Undine 


Fouqué’s famous classic is the 
kind of fanciful subject which 
gives Mr. Rackam’s imagination 
full sweep, and this volume will 
doubtless take its place as the 
standard edition of this classic. 
Many illustrations 1n color and 
black and Net price, 
$2.00 (postage I2c.). Edition de 
luxe, limited to 250 numbered 


Net price, $6.00. 


white. 


copies. 


Also Illustrated by Arthur Rackham 


A Midsummer-Night’s Dream. 


4o illustrations in full color and 34 in black and white. 


thousand copies. I/lustrated by 
W. Heath Robinson. Size about the 
Tox 12. Net price, $5.00. 


from photographs from life by 
author. 
(postage 35 cents). 


Net price, $5.00 


50 illustrations in color. 


Net price, $5.00 (postage 30 cents). 
Irving’s Rip Van Winkle. 


Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland. 
Net price, $1.40 (postage 12 cents). 


Net price, $5.00 (postage 30 cents). 


13 illustrations in color and 14 in black and white. 
Large paper edition. Net price, $10.00. 


The Story a the Negro 
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON 


Author of ‘‘ Up from Slavery,’’ etc. 


A positive, triumphant record of progress— 
the final work to date on the history of the 
Negro; for, beyond Dr. Washington, there is 
nobody in the world whose statements on the 
Negro in America carry more weight or more 
human interest. J/lustrated. Two volumes. 


Net price, $3.00 (postage 30 cents). 


Dr. Luther H. Gulick’s 


Land of the Lion 


By 
DR. W. S. RAINSFORD 


Dr. Rainsford spent all of last year hunting 
for big game on the Nzoia plateau in British 
East Africa, during which time he walked 
more than 4,000 miles. His record of exper- 
iences and graphic descriptions tell of the 
great game hunting as it now is in Africa. 
Many vivid illustrations. Net price, $3.80 
(postage 25 cents). 


The Poetry of Nature 
Edited by 
HENRY VAN DYKE 


Sixty poems of Nature, selected by Dr. Van 
Dyke, with a preface by the editor. The 
volume has been embellished with sixteen 
pictorial illustrations by Henry Troth, four 
of them plate-marked and all exquisitely 
reproduced in photogravure. It is a gift- 
book for the discriminating. Boxed. Net 
price, $2:50 (postage 25 cents). 


The Philosophy of Dancing 


This book shows how different communities have met the problem of public recreation and festivals, and particularly shows with some detail the 


meaning and use of folk-dancing. The author tells how the folk-dance may be carried out in connection with school, 
Net price, $1.40 (postage 12 cents). 


playground life. Szxty-four illustrations. 


Mind and Work 


Pointing out some of the effects of mental conditions on the body and on one’s effectiveness. 
Net price, $1.20 (postage 12 cents). 


The true ‘‘mental healing”’ tor the active-minded man. 


Also by Dr. Gulick 


social and 


The Efficient Life 


Almost every one really needs to read this book, because it tells the reader how to manage his 
body to get the best out of life. 


Net price, $1.20 (postage 12 cents). 


New Garden and Nature Books 


The Dog Book 


A magnificent companion to the ‘‘Poultry Book,’’ covering 
every phase of the dog in America, with full accounts of every 
prominent breed. 128 full-page pictures. New edition, com- 
plete in one volume. Net price, $5.00. 


Guide to: Taxidermy 


By Cuaries K. Reep and CHEster A. REED. The straight- 
forward aim of this book is to enable the reader to gain com- 
plete mastery of the art of Taxidermy. Very jully illustrated. 
Net price, $1.50 (postage 12¢.). 


House Plants 


By PARKER THAYER BARNES. A manual of the best plants for 
house cultivation and indoor decoration, giving foliage and 
flowers all summer and winter; their raising from seed and 
home propagation. Illustrated. Net price, $1.10 (postage 12c.). 


Flowerless Plants 
By EvizasetH H. Hate. The purpose of this book is to 


interest children in, and impart information on, flowerless 
plants. More than too illustrations. Net, 75c (postage toc.). 


The Poultry Book 


The first comprehensive work on the subject in this country for 
amateur or professional alike. One great volume with 36 
color plates, and 636 other pictures. New edition, complete 
in one volume. On subscription, $7.50. 


Trees Every Child Should Know 


By JutiA ELLEN Rocers. “Trees Every Child Should Know” 
is written for children, by one who knows children as she knows 


trees. 
Nature Calendars for 1910 


Ideal calendars for the many thousands of nature lovers 
whose ranks are growing so rapidly. There is a colored 
plate of a bird or flower, suitable to the particular season for 
each month in the year, together with a description of the species 
represented. Size, over all, 10x 14; heavy green mounts; gold 
stamping, 12 color plates on each. Each, $1.50. 


The Garden Week by Week 


By Watter P. Wricut. This practical handbook, imported 
from England, by the author of “The Perfect Garden,” covers 
the gardening operations for every week in the year. Net 
price, $2.00 (postage 15¢.). 


Gold Fish — Aquaria — Ferneries 


By CuHEsTER A. REED. To explain the best methods of stock- 
ing and maintaining aquariums of ornamental fish is the object 
of this invaluable little handbook, and the author writes with the 
delightfully intimate and informal touch of the enthusiastic 
amateur. There is alsoa chapter on the making and care of the 
plants, ferns and mosses for the fernery. Many original illus- 
trations. Net price, 50 cents (postage 6c.). 


Bird Guide (Revised Edition) 


These books are intended to take into the field with you. Nothing 
could be more compact and handy; no detail is omitted that is of 
importance or of unusual interest to the student. Every bird 
is shown in color, and every bird east of the Rockies is included. 
In two parts. Pocket size. Colored illustrations. Parts I and 
II bound in a single volume. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.75 


Part I: WaTeR AND GAMEBIRDS: BirrDS oF PREY. More 
than 200 tllustrations in color. Flexible cloth. Net price, 75 
cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 


Part II: Lanp Birps East oF THE Rockies: From PARROTS 
TO BLUEBIRDS. Over 200 illustrations in color. Flexible clath. 
Net price, 75 cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK 


PODER LIA SYS ALS Ne DHSS ALIEN CODE RED A WILLEN RNS A ec ELITR, 
LONG-TERM SUBSCRIPTIONS 


In the October Garden Magazine wé pub- 
lished a more extensive advertisement of what 
we mean by long-term subscriptions, and why 
we think them a good thing for both the Reade 
and ourselves. 

Here are the facts: 

It costs us time, money, and trouble to send 
out renewal notices, to fill orders for back 
numbers, to take off the name from the list, 

_restore it, and conduct the correspondence. 

Therefore, we offer: 

For The Garden Magazine a three-year sub- 
scription for $2 instead of $3. The subscription 
price will be raised to $1.50 a year on February 
I, IgIo. 

For Country Lite in America a two-year 
subscription for $6 instead of $4 a year; or 
a three-year subscription for $8. 

For The World’s Work a two-year sub- 
scription for $5, instead of $3 per year, and a 
three-year subscription for $6. 

Any of these subscriptions to any of our mag- 
azines may be transferred in name or address 
at any time during the life of the subscription. 

Further than this: 

If you desire with a three-year subscription, 
one of these years may be sent to a friend as 
a gift, but a two-year subscription, we expect, 
shall be sent to only one person. 


MORE ABOUT THE GARDEN MAGAZINE LONG- 


TERM OFFER 


This is the only garden magazine published 
in this country. Its plan is to fill the field 
completely, and its success leads us to believe 
that it does its appointed task well. It is not too 
technical. It is good to look at, and practical. 

On February ist, its price will be raised from 
$1 to $1.50 a year. Friends of the house, and 
of all our magazines are invited to come in for 
three years by sending us $2 now, which is 
equal to 66% cents a year. The magazine 
sells for 15 cents a copy, and two double issues 
each year, the Spring and Fall Planting Num- 
bers for 25 cents, so that, figured up at thése 
prices, our friends who act now will get $6 
worth for $2. 

If you want to avail yourself of this offer, 
please DO SO NOW, and don’t wait until 
we are working nights in December. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


“To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight.”’— A ntony and Cleopatra 


A GUIDE TO GOOD BOOKS 


We have just completed an _ interesting 
brochure of 196 pages containing a complete 
list of all the publications of Doubleday, Page 
& Company, including those formerly issued 
by the McClure Company. This is not a bare 
list of titles and authors, but each book is 
clearly and accurately described. You will 
find many books here which you will want to 
see. May we send this catalogue to you? 


NOVEMBER BOOKS 


This is a bare enumeration of the titles. 
Other announcements printed elsewhere in 
this magazine: 

“Camera Adventures in the Jungle,” by 
A. Radclyffe Dugmore. 

“Undine,” illustrated by Arthur Rackham. 

“The Song of the English,’ by Rudyard 
Kophng. 

“The American Flower Garden,” by Neltje 
Blanchan. 

To be seen at any bookstore or sent on 
approval, as usual. 


THE GIRL OF THE LIMBERLOST 


by Mrs. Gene Straiton-Porter, author of 
“‘Freckles,”’ has been selling several hundred 
a day. By the time this is printed, we believe 
that the rate will be almost a thousand a day. 
Ask someone who has read it. 


THE BOOK REVIEW PRIZES 


The reviews of Mrs. Humphry Ward’s novel 
“Marriage a la Mode,” submitted for our 
prize offers, have been extraordinary in number, 
as well as in quality and interest. Naturally 
the task of selecting the best has been one of 
increasing difficulty. We could have awarded 
fifty prizes, instead of six as agreed upon. 
However, the following persons have been 
chosen as prize winners acting on the best 
judgment we have: 


ist Prize. Winifred Leigh, 892 Fulton St., San 
Francisco, Cal. 

2d Prize. Mary Youngs, Garden City, L.I., N. Y. 

3d Prize. Emerson Woods Baker, Fitchburg, Mass. 

4th Prize. Rafael Mirabrar, care Manager Vista Her- 
mosa Sugar & Mercantile Co., Estacion 
Vista Hermosa, Estado Oaxaca, 
Mexico. 


5th Prize. M. F. Abbott, 59 Sacramento St., Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

6th Prize. Harriet Howe, 123 Fifth Ave., New York 
City. 

7th Prize. Faith Bradford, Cedar Lane, Chevy Chase, 
Md. 


ANOTHER REVIEW OFFER ON THE LORDS OF 
HIGH DECISION, BY MEREDITH NICHOLSON 


So widespread has been the interest shown 
in these reviews by readers that we hereby offer 
a third set of modest prizes for the best review 
of Meredith Nicholson’s new book “The Lords 
of High Decision.” The conditions are the 
same as before in the cases of Benson’s “The 
Climber,” and Mrs. Ward’s “‘Marriage a la 
Mode,” and we repeat them for the benefit of 
those not familiar with the plan: 


1. Copy to be written only on one side of sheet, 
typewritten preferably. 


2. The review to be not more than 1,000 words. 
750 would be better. 


3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than 
December 5th. 


4. The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
February, 1910, numbers of Doubleday, Page 
& Company’s magazines, Country Life im 
America, The World’s Work, and The Garden 
\ Magazine. 


The First Prize is $50. The Second Prize 
is $30. The Third Prize is $20. The Fourth 
Prize, books from our book catalogue to the 
amount of $7.50. The Fifth Prize, books to 
the amount of $5.00. The Sixth Prize, a 
subscription to Country Life in America. The 
Seventh Prize, a subscription to The World’s 
Work. 

Address Review Contest, 
DouBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 


133 E. 16th St., New York. 


As the authors are often anxious to read these 
reviews, we shall not return them unless espec- 
ially requested to do so and postage is enclosed. 

We have printed the winning reviews of 
both Mr. Benson’s novel ‘‘The Climber” and 
Mrs. Ward’s “‘Marriage 4 la Mode,” in pam- 
phlet form and we will send copies to anyone 
interested, on request. 


- } For information regarding railroad and steam- 
N OVEMBER, 1 909 4p H E G AN R D E N M A G A Ui, I N E ship lines write to the Reddors Sertice: 165 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


CovER DESIGN—A Chrysanthemum Garden ., Q c ‘ ‘ . . : 5 ; ‘ 5 i : , : ; Helen Lukens Jones 
PAGE PAGE 
Gain A YEAR RicHt Now 5 : 6 ; 6 ; 5 Oy TRANSPLANTING THE BUTTERFLY WEED . . Robert Mayer 188 
MAKING THE GARDEN LIVE LONGER . W.C. McCollom 168 A GARDEN CHART AND CABINET ; ; Louis G. Beers 188 
Photographs by the author Photographs by the author 
CONCRETE FOR THE GARDEN F : . Herbert E. Angell 170 WHERE DAHLIAS ARE HARDY . : : ; : ; . 188 
Photographs by the auth 
RS Pa ae amulet Maxine Portine Sort ee ret Cr tae L. B. M. 190 
FALt PLANTING TABLES FOR SouTH AND Nortu P.J.Berckmans 173 
Photographs by N. R. Graves, H. Troth and others Goop RESULTS FROM AN OLD BULB. : F M. F. B. 190 
LARGE-FLOWERED CHRYSANTHEMUMS OUT-OF-DOORS : . HousE BULBS FROM THANKSGIVING TO MARCH FOR ONE DOLLAR 
Viola McColm 176 M. W. 192 
Photographs by the author Photograph by the author 
OPTIMISM IN THE GARDENS OF HOPE , dele, Wi, EL, SAP Ray SUCCESSION IN THE GARDEN ; . Veronica 194 
Photographs by the author and C. W. Benson H S 6 
: INTS FOR THE SEASON. : : , ; j ; . 19 
Tue RicHt AND WrRonGc KIND oF TROPICAL ee aa F raichasevan eA 
whelm WL wler 179 
DERE He Bes A], Wallis anduothiers How to SELEctT WINDOW GARDENING TOOLS . 5 : . 198 
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . . Ellen Eddy Shaw 182 COVERING FOR WINTER : ; : . Thomas J. Steed 200 
Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves A NovEMBER-BLOOMING CATTLEYA : : it CS? seep 
STORING VEGETABLES FOR WINTER USE . J. Lukens Kayan 186 Photograph by Nathan R. Graves 
Photographs by H. Troth and N. R. Graves Make Your ROADSIDE INTERESTING ALL WINTER 3 
MarcH SOWING IN THE Farr. : ; . I. M. Angell 186 Thomas McAdam 204 
FRAGRANT SHRUBS AND VINES . : : - LC. Meller 188 ANNUALS VERSUS PERENNIALS . : s : . Veronica 204 


SUBSCRIPTION: WILHELM MILLER, Epiror—Copyricut, 1909, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 
One dollar a year Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1870 
F. N. Dousrepay, President Wa ter H. Pacer, HerBert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


SOMETHING NEW, 


For Foreign Postage 
add 6sc. 
For Canada add 35c. 


Single Copies rs cts. 


ae A es 


Bulbs & 


This is the Art Jardiniere We Furnish With the Offers Below 


rowing in Fibre Without Drainage 
The idea of growing bulbs in fibre is a new one for this country, but it has been practised successfully in England for many years. 
We make the following offers: 3 Roman Hyacinths and 1 Art Jardiniere; o* 6 Tulips, red or white or yellow, and 1 Art Jardiniere; 
or 12 Crocus, blue or yellow or white, and 1 Art Jardiniere; 07 5 Paper White Narcissus and 1 Art Jardiniere; ov 4 Narcissus Golden Spur 
(yellow) and x Art Jardiniere. With sufficient fibre to grow any of the above collections, and will supply cultural directions with each order, 
and mail you our Garden Guide /ree. For $1.00 


Our Autumn Garden Guide contains a full and complete list of bulbs for fall planting, including Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocus, Lilies, etc. 
Illustrated with photo-engravings from life, full and concise cultural directions, and other valuable garden information. Write for one today—it’s free. 


ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman Dept. G. 343 W. 14th Street, NEW YORK CITY 


Do you intend to build a poultry house? 
166 Write to the Readers’ Service THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1909 


$400,000,000 WORTH OF EGGS!!! 


Mr. Poultryman:— Uncle Sam says that the annual Egg crop is worth $400,000,000! And that the 
value of Poultry and Eggs produced last year exceeds $700,000,000!! Did you get your full share 
of this money? If not, why not? 


Milo M. Hastings, until recently the Commercial Poultry Expert for the United States Government, has 
written a Poultry Book: “The Dollar Hen.” This book is a complete, thorough and concise work of 222 pages, con- 
taining over 106,000 words, also several charts, maps, etc. The purpose of this book is to tell the reader: 


HOW TO MAKE MONEY RAISING POULTRY 


and NOT HOW TO LOSE IT 


“The Dollar Hen” is not a “boom” poultry book. It tells as much about what not to do as what to do. It thoroughly discusses 
every phase of the poultry business, and tclls how money can be made or may be lost. It gives a full account of all methods and 
systems of poultry raising as taught by private individuals. Mr. Hastings does not advocate complicated and expensive methods; 
in fact, he found such to be universal money losers. 

As a Government Expert 


As a Government Expert Mr. Hastings investigated all 
the various private systems, patent jeeds, and so-called poullry 
secrets. He visited the great successful poultry farming 
districts of Petaluma, Little Compton, Watertown, the South 
Shore and other regions — some wholly unknown to the poultry 
press — and gathered from all these sources the best ideas and 
most profitable practices. 

From his long, practical experience on farm, poultry plant, 
with State Experiment Station work and Federal service, and 
with his unprecedented opportunity to get at the actual facts 
of the poultry industry, Mr. Hastings has laid out a typical 
money-making poultry plant, called 


Expenses Cut in Half! 


Why spend several dollars per hen for housing when 
Mr. Hastings teaches you the construction of a system of 
housing that has been eminently successful and costs only 
thirty cents per hen ? 

Why pay high prices for theoretically ‘‘ balanced rations” 
when a practical food chemist who has personally inves- 
tigated the work of a score of experiment stations has 
found the most profitable poultry rations to be as simple MILO M. HASTINGS 
as the corn and alfalfa diet of a Kansas steer? 

Why invest money in patent “‘systems,”’ patent feeds, 
plans, remedies, etc., of little or no value, or capable of 
only local application, when a Government Expert, who 
has investigated the industry throughout the United States 


THE DOLLAR HEN FARM ; = and Canada, has proven the worth or worthlessness of these things, 
and has described the various necessary adaptations for different localities and tells you how to apply this knowledge to your particular circum- 
and conditions. stances and climate? 

THE DOLLAR HEN TELLS ABOUT! Why waste money and time experimenting with poultry when for 


a very small sum you can buy a guide to profitable poultry produc- 


The Hen’s Ancestors, The Wisdom of the Egyptians, 7 r 

Chinese Poultry Culture, Principles of Incubation, tion? Why not make money at some one else’s expense? “The Dollar 

Fertility of Eggs, Moisture and Evaporation, Hen” tells you how in plain, simple language, and proves every state- 

The Future of Incubation, How Eggs are Spoiled, ment made. Remember you are getting facts and figures that cost the 

Buying Eggs by Weight Breeding for Egg Production United States Government thousands of dollars to secure. 

How Eggs are Mericled < A Big Business, Growing Bigger Poultry Press Endorses “The Dollar Hen” 
FAG! OWGP BSD OIE SUES There are no exaggerated get-rich-quick schemes discussed. It is 


It is the best book for the beginner that has lately appeared because it plain, common-sense from cover to cover, and is well worth reading by 
deals in straight facts without theorizing. _ What it says has been worked any one that wants to learn the facts about the poultry business.— 
out in the poultry yard. MuILLer Purvis, Editor of Pouliry. Inland Poultry Journal. 

“The Dollar Hen” brings out some ideas that are novel and valuable to all poultrymen—A merican Poultry Advocate. 

In “‘The Dollar Hen” Mr. Hastings has certainly reached the very top-notch of poultry literature. It is the best book on Poultry Raising 
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The Garden Magazine 


VoL. X—No. 4 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY 


{For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 


generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


Gain a Year Right Now 


Weer will certainly lose a year on bulbs 
unless you plant them now. 

The chances are that you will lose a year 
in the development of your place if you put 
off planting trees, shrubs, vines, and fruits 
until spring. For vegetables and flower 
seeds have to be sown then, and those jobs 
alone are enough to keep one busy. The 

“only way to avoid the spring rush is to do 
all the gardening you possibly can in the fall. 

More plants are killed by dry summers after 
late spring planting than by winter cold after 
fall planting. Therefore, plant all woody 
stock now, except evergreens and stone 
fruits. 

The fall planting season for trees, fruits, 
shrubs and vines is all too short. Normally 
it begins with the fall of the leaf and lasts 
until the ground freezes. It can be extended 
by getting northern trees early in the season, 
or by planting as soon as frost ripens the 
leaves enough for the nurserymen to strip 
them off. 

When in doubt, ask the Readers’ Service 
Department. 


Before November Ist 


Ppiext hardy bulbs for outdoor bloom 
as soon as possible. After the first of 
November they deteriorate. 


If you want flowers indoors all winter there 


is not a day to be lost. Order your bulbs 
as soon as possible. The longer time they 
have to root the better the flowers. 

Under the trees where grass will not grow, 
naturalize daffodils, crocus, snowdrops, and 
scillas. Plant them by the hundred where 
they can multiply without care for years. 

Don’t plant lilies in the spring. Order 
them now and plant them as soon as you 
can get well-ripened bulbs. 


Start now to grow your own Christmas 
presents — Roman hyacinths, Chinese sacred 
lilies, and Paper White narcissus. 

Enjoy the autumn colors to the utmost 
by visiting a large nursery where you will 
find many beauties not represented in the 
landscape or in your own garden. 

You can save a lot of work, when natural- 
izing bulbs, if the ground is moist. Have 
everything in readiness to take advantage 
of the autumn rains. 

A complete greenhouse can now be bought 
for $250. A coolhouse costs less to maintain 
than a hothouse. Ina coolhouse (45 degrees 
at night) you can grow chrysanthemums, 
sweet peas, pansies, violets, mignonette, and 
gladioli, but not roses. 

Get your pumpkins for Hallowe’en and 
Thanksgiving. 

Get all the leaves you can and compost 
them. Leaf mold is worth $2.00 a load or 
more for improving the soil. Study how 
to get the most and best for the money. Oak 
and chestnut are best; elm and maple poorest. 

Divide large clumps of perennials and 
rearrange plants in your hardy border accord- 
ing to a definite color scheme. 

You can have four-foot branches of 
autumn leaves at Christmas by putting them 
now into drygoods boxes filled with hot 
sand. 

Gather bittersweet for winter as decora- 
tions while the leaves are on. 


November Ist to 15th 


PRETEND a good chrysanthemum show 
and note the varieties you want, in- 
stead of ordering blindly from a catalogue. 

If you wish to force asparagus or rhubarb 
for Christmas now is the time to begin. You 
can do it in the cellar. Some of the seeds- 


men sell roots especially suited for this. 


If you are eager to get the earliest sweet 
peas prepare a place for them now. Also 
try fall sowing on a small scale. 

The greatest planting month in the South 
is January, but it ought to be November. 

You can have violets all winter for $5 by 
making or buying a coldframe. Can’t you 
buy plants cheap now in your locality ? 

You can now fight San José scale with 
stronger solutions than in the summer. 

Field mice do $3,000,000 of damage a year. 
They eat almost every kind of bulb or root, 
and are very destructive to fruit trees. Do 
not mulch your beds, borders and trees until 
the ground has frozen a little and the mice 
have found winter quarters. 

Now is the time for all permanent improve- 
ments, such as road-making, fencing, grad- 
ing, draining, thinning woodlots, fertilizing, 
liming, tree-mending, making walks, etc. 


American houses are too hot and dry for 
flowers. ‘The remedy is to get a small green- 
house. Even renters can afford them now, 
for there is a portable greenhouse that costs 
no more than a piano. 

Mend your own trees, or hire a tree doctor. 

Florists are now sowing seeds of sham- 
rock for St. Patrick’s day. 

Does your garden contain honesty? If 
not, you can get the beautiful satiny seed pods 
from some old-fashioned garden about this 
time. 

Bayberry candles for Christmas! 
the berries now. 

Don’t cover your lawn with manure all 
winter. It costs more than it comes to. 
There are far more effective ways of fer- 
tilizing. The manure dries and the dust 
blows into the house. Weed seeds are intro- 
duced. There is little food in manure, 
anyhow, and most of it is wasted when the 
lawn is covered with manure in winter. 
It is unsightly, also. Spend your money on 
bone meal in April, or nitrate of soda or 
wood ashes. 


Gather 


The Latest Fashions in Gardening 


Wye gardening seems to be the most 
remarkable movement of the times. 
Each year it takes on new features. Last 
year there was a great demand for the 
autumn crocus. This year people are plant- 
ing wild and run-wild tulips, especially 
sylvestris, Gesneriana and Didieri. 

“Rifts” are now considered more artistic 
than broad, irregular masses. Daffodils and 
other bulbs for naturalizing are preferably 
planted in long, rather narrow patches. 

Much money is now spent on winter 
features for city homes, especially large 
evergreens and shrubs with brightly colored 
bark and berries: The movement for win- 
ter beauty has not affected the great estates 
since.they are occupied only in summer. 

“Sun parlor” is now considered an objec- 
tionable phrase. ‘‘Sun room”? is preferred. 
And the tendency is to turn bare sun rooms 
into conservatories or greenhouse living- 
rooms. 

The “‘landscape forester” is the newest 
expert to be employed by owners of great 
estates. A landscape forester thins out 
crowded woods and turns them into beau- 
tiful groves somewhat like English parks. 

Several New York houses are now being 
roofed with glass. Mr. E. H. Harriman had 
a sort of outdoor sleeping room on the roof 
of his New York house, using greenhouse 
construction. Mr. N. F. Brady has a billiard 
room under glass on the roof. Dr. Thomas 
Gaunt has a greenhouse on his roof for a 
child’s playground. 


Cover the tender vegetables— egg plant and peppers— quite early in the season. Barrels and boxes may be used forthis. The picture on the right shows how 
the unprotected plants have been nipped by the first touch of frost 


Making the Garden Live Longer—by W. C. McCollom, %%, 


WARD OFF THE FIRST SNAP OF FROST AND LENGTHEN 


Long 


THE SEASON BY ONE-THIRD OR MORE — SIM- 


PLE MEANS OF PROTECTION THAT WILL SAVE EVEN THE TENDEREST FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES 


OVEMBER is one of the best months 

in the year for fresh vegetables and 

fall flowers, provided, of course, that the 

garden has been taken care of. Yet most 

people, I fear, have forgotten by that time 

that they ever owned a garden, either flower 
or vegetable. 

Are you content to stand by and see the 
plants you have worked hard on all summer 
nipped by the first frost, and then have 
three or four weeks of good growing weather 
with the garden dreary? Wake up, my 
friends, and protect your plants from that 
pesky frost! It is quite an easy matter 
if you are only prepared for it. Don’t be 
caught napping! 

Toward the middle of October, when the 
wind breaks in from the North and it is very 
warm in the sun in the middle of the day 
but very cool in the shade, look out for frost. 


If in the evening the sky is very clear, the 
wind dies down and smoke goes straight up, 
it is safe to get busy and cover such flowers 
and vegetables as you may want to keep 
longer. ‘ 

Protection may be given in various ways, 
but I think the most satisfactory method for 
the average amateur is the local application 
of some covering to prevent the frost from 
reaching the plants. Large growers of 
oranges and such crops use smudge fires to 
protect their trees and they are very satis- 
factory. A smudge is easily made and may 
prevent the frost from destroying your garden 
when you are caught unawares. Start 
a good fire of some dry material, and 
then cover it with leaves or other rubbish that 
is very damp—not so wet that it will not burn 
but just damp enough so that it won’t 
blaze up. A mantle of heavy moisture- 


laden smoke will be thrown off which an 
ordinary frost will have difficulty in penetrat- 
ing. A number of small fires at various 
scattered points is much better than one 
large fire as it distributes the smoke more 
thoroughly. 

Thoroughly wetting down the plants with 
a hose toward evening also prevents the 
frost from settling on them; but don’t do 
any hosing when there are indications of a 
freeze, as there is quite a difference between 
freezing and frost. Every family throws 
away more burlap and other materials, such 
as heavy wrapping paper, etc., in one season 
that, if saved and used as frost shields, would 
keep the vegetable garden fresh right through 
October and a good part of November. Of 
course the plants will eventually succumb 
to heavy frosts, but a gain of a number of 
weeks will have been made. Figure it up 


All kinds of root crops are easily kept for winter use by burying in a 


trench 


168 


Celery is wintered in the trench where it grows by banking up with earth to 
keep off the frost 


NovEemMBER, 1909 


and see if it is not more than one-quarter 
of the entire bearing period of your garden! 
Save all the burlap, cheesecloth and other 
wrapping material that comes to you, sew 
the pieces in long strips and, after folding 
up, place where you can lay your hands 
on them at any time so as to be ready 
for any emergency. Barrels and boxes of 
a desirable size are also useful and should 
be stored away. I am inclined to think 
it would pay the progressive amateur 
gardener to buy some frost-proof mats 
for covering his vegetables; I use them 
for this purpose but I also need them 
later on to cover coldframes, so that they 
serve a double purpose. 

For the last five years I have had sweet 
corn fit for anyone’s table, and I have shown 
it at the fall exhibitions which are usually 
held early in November. You too can have 


it, and also other vegetables that succumb 
to the first frost, such as egg plant, peppers, 
I usually sow three 


lima and string beans. 


Lettuce on November first, showing what early 
protection has accomplished 


rows of string beans about August 1st and 
again August 15th, sowing the rows close 
together, and when frost threatens, pick out 
the best sowing and run a few wires along 
the top of the row, covering with burlap or 
mats on cold nights. Beans should always 
be protected when the temperature falls 
below 4o degrees. 

The last plantings of lettuce are made close 
together in bed form rather than in rows; 
but, if you have not done this, it is an easy 
matter to lift the plants. care being taken to 
get a good proportion of the roots. Plant 
them close together where they can be 
easily covered on cold nights. Salt hay 
is the best covering for lettuce, but mats, 
burlap or paper will do. Lettuce can 
be kept this way until the holiday season, 
removing the covering occasionally after 
a rain, because lettuce will rot from lack 
of air if damp. 

Salt hay is also an excellent protection for 
Brussels sprouts; this vegetable can stand a 
great deal of frost, in fact the flavor of the 
sprouts is much improved by frosting, but 
when heavy freezing weather sets in they 
must be protected. Some folks lift them, 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Store celery by lifting the heads, stacking them 
close together and filling in with earth 


and store in trenches. I don’t; I keep 
them where they have been growing and 
‘cover them thoroughly with salt hay. Win- 
tered in this manner the sprouts have a 
much better flavor, and are more crisp than 
sprouts wintered in a dry cellar or pit. Kale 
and leek may also be protected in the same 
manner. 

Pick out a few of the best plants of peppers 
and egg plant, covering them with a barrel 
or an old packing box. Or if you have a few 
old horse blankets or anything of a like nature 
they will serve as well. On cold nights 
completely cover the entire plant and you 
will find it rather an easy matter to have 
either one of these two vegetables fresh from 
your garden for Thanskgiving. 

What would you not give for a nice, fresh, 


milky ear of corn around Election Day? — 


Yet it is a rather easy proposition, all that 
is needed being to protect the plants from 
that early frost. A few mats will do, or an 
old sail from your boat will cover quite a few 
hills; it makes no difference if the stalks 
crack a little. If you wish to save the corn 
for a week or two and a very heavy frost is 
coming, cut the stalks below the ears and 
place them in vases of water in a warm 
place. Corn needs protection when the 
temperature falls below 4o degrees. 

Another November delicacy is the lima 
bean. If you grow pole beans pull up the 


Lettuce in late October; covering material ready 
for use on the approach of frost 


169 


poles and lay the vines on the ground, 
throwing some salt hay over them. If you 
grow the bush kinds protect them in the 
row the same as string beans. 

Tomatoes are very easily covered, espec- 
ially if they have been trained to trestle. 
Burlap or heavy wrapping paper is an excel- 
Jent covering for tomatoes, but when heavy 
freezing weather comes other methods must 
be used. Pick all the green ones and put 
them in a sunny place where they will 
ripen; plants well laden with fruit can 
be cut off entirely. The fruits will finish 
ripening very nicely. 

Cauliflower can stand a great deal of frost, 
but care should always be taken to break 
the leaves over the white heads during frosty 
weather, as the frost will discolor them. If 
the leaves are tied above the flower it will 
serve as well. 

I would like someone to explain to me the 
logic of working all the season on dahlias 
and cosmos and then letting them freeze 


Place sticks and rods to keep the covering material 
from crushing the tender leaves of the lettuce 


just as they are beginning to repay you for 
your trouble. I would not think of growing 
dahlias or cosmos unless I intended to: 
protect them. These two gems of the 
fall garden can be had to brighten the 
home during the shortening days of fall,. 
until well into November in most sec- 
tions; and the effort is worth while, for 
the later they are the better their quality. 
Merely lay cheesecloth or burlap right: 
over the plants as they stand. 

The little pompon chrysanthemums are 
also worth a little protection; they can stand 
a little frost on the flower, but are better if 
protected, as the flowers then do not show 
any of the “‘damping” and the turning: 
brown of the petals which is sure to come 
if the frost strikes them. 

All the tender annuals can be kept with us 
much longer than usual if they are helped 
through that trying early frost; heliotrope, 
salvia, petunia and all tender annuals are 
very easily protected, a few yards of cheese- 
cloth lightly laid down will protect quite a 
fair-sized bed. 

The tender varieties of hydrangeas can 
also be had in very presentable form until 


170 


quite late in fall if they are protected. Just 
lay the tub over on its side and throw an old 
blanket over the plant. If you are careful 
to save all the old coverings from year to 
year, you won’t have to buy very much, and 
the old rags that you sell to the junkman for 
a mere song would be ten times more valuable 
in the garden. After the hard frost has 
killed the plants everything should then 
be dried thoroughly, folded and put away. 
Never put anything away wet, and do not 
store your covering material in damp places 
as it soon rots. I have some burlap which 
has done service for six or seven years, and 
it is perfect yet. 

Another excellent protecting material is 
straw mats; they are very inexpensive and 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Burlap spread over beans will lengthen their season 
some weeks 


NovEMBER, 1909 


if properly cared for will last a long time. 
Any one can make these. See THE GARDEN 
MacazInE for February, 1906. A _ still 
cheaper but good, clean serviceable _ mat 
can be made from paper. Take two 
pieces of heavy wrapping paper, or 
builders’ lining paper is better still, and 
sew them together, using salt hay or sea 
weed as a filler. 

For all low-growing vegetables, such as 
lettuce, endive, etc., salt hay or leaves are 
useful; but in all cases the protection should 
be removed in the morning and applied 
only on cold nights. 

If a plant gets nipped with frost, spray with 
very cold water before the sun strikes it and 
keep shaded. 


Concrete For the Garden—By Herbert E. Angell, 


GARDEN FURNITURE AND GREENHOUSES THAT WILL LAST ALMOST FOREVER AND WHICH MAY BE MADE AT HOME 
FOR VERY LITTLE EXPENSE— GREAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE INGENIOUSLY MINDED TO WORK OUT ORIGINAL IDEAS 


Geer is no reason why the amateur 

should not be successful in concrete 
work around the garden, and many useful 
things: may be made that are practically 
indestructible. All that is necessary, besides 
a little ingenuity, is a clear understanding 
of the underlying principals of concrete 
construction. 

Two points at which almost all amateurs, 
and even some professionals, meet with 
trouble are these: the proportion of the 
cement to the aggregate; and the question 
of reinforcement. 

The following facts and figures are based 
upon the experience of Mr. W. A. Wight, 
an amateur in New Jersey, upon whose place 
the accompanying photographs were taken. 


MIXING CONCRETE 


The first principle in mixing is this: the 
finer the aggregate the higher must be the 
proportion of cement. The reason for 
this is easily understood. 

Cement has but little tensile strength. Its 
function in concrete is to bind the units of the 
aggregate together. Concrete, to be strong 
and water-tight, must be as nearly solid as 
possible. In using a fine aggregate such 
as sand it is necessary to use an equal 
amount of cement to fill the interstice. This 
is clearly proven by 
the fact that a cubic 
yard of sand and 
a cubic yard of dry 
cement can be mixed 
without increasing 
the bulk to any 
marked degree. 

Fine sand should 
therefore be avoided 
for ordinary use as it 
not only requires a 
greater amount of ce- 
ment, increasing the 
expense, but it lacks 
the strength given by 
coarse aggregates. 


For use on floors and walks, however, 
a concrete smoothing finish made of equal 
parts of fine sand and cement will wear 
longer than that made of larger material. 

The following table based upon long 
experience will be found reliable. The 
figures are based upon the use of the very 
highest grade of Portland cement which will 
always be found the cheapest, as a greater 
percentage of low grade cement would have 
to be used: 


Fine sand, one part to one part of cement. 

Clean, sharp, rather coarse sand, two and one- 
half to four parts to one part of cement. 

Sharp sand and broken stone(3-in. size), two parts 
sand to four parts aggregate to one part cement. 


Wherever the work will allow, the use of 
sharp sand and broken stone small enough 
to pass through a one-inch ring will be 
found most durable and least expensive. 


REINFORCING 


The purpose of reinforcing is to give 
strength to the structure. 

Concrete in itself has but little tensile 
strength beyond what is necessary to carry 
its own weight. 

For this reason the reinforcing agent 
must be strong in itself. 

Many amateur writers on this subject 


All kinds of garden accessories can be made of concrete to fit the individual requirements. This hitching 
post and landing block, as well asthe walk, are made of concrete 


suggest the use of ‘‘chicken wire” for the 
purpose, but this is almost useless where 
any strain is expected. The reinforcing 
should be strong enough in itself to bear 
whatever strain is to be brought upon the 
finished concrete structure. 

The qualities necessary in the reinforcing 
agent are therefore rigidity and strength. 
Fabric, in which one wire is wound about 
another, is not good as it is too elastic, and 
twisted or woven cables are undesirable 
for the same reason. 

Galvanized wire not smaller than No. 12 
should be used, and in the case of posts or 
horizontal girders or supports No. 3 guy 
wire, such as a telegraph company uses 
to guy its poles, or quarter-inch steel rods, 
will give the greatest strength. 

Almost every amateur under-estimates 
the importance of reinforcing. As a general 
rule it increases the strength of concrete 
structures from sixfold to tenfold. There 
are several wire fabrics on the market that 
are made expressly for this purpose and 
there is little excuse for trying to substitute 
unsuitable material. 


CONSISTENCY 


It is a hard matter to tell just what pro- 
portion of water is necessary in mixing 
concrete. 

A safe rule to go 
by, however, is this: 
The mixture should 
be just wet enough 
so that, under ram- 
ming, a thin skim of 
water will appear 
upon the surface. 

Where concrete is 
to be exposed to the 
action of water there 
should be a greater 
proportion of water 
in its composition, as 
concrete that is 
mixed too dry is 


NovEMBER, 1909 


always more or less porous. With the right 
proportions in the mixing it is quite pos- 
sible to make concrete impervious to water. 

Among the many articles which anyone 
can make of concrete perhaps the most 
useful is the water barrel or tank. This 
is not a difficult thing to construct if these 
directions are followed. 

Having decided upon the dimensions of 
the barrel, procure from the lumber mill 
sufficient straight grained strips, one inch 
thick by two wide, to build two cylinders 
to form the mould. This lumber should 
be so ordered as to avoid waste in cutting. 

The strips for the outer cylinder should be 
cut the full heighth 
of the barrel and laid 
down in a row ona 
flat surface, one end 
against a - straight 
edge and about $ 
inch apart. 

Three lengths. of 
about No. 12 wire, 
8 inches longer than 
the circumference of 
the barrel, should 
then be tacked across 
the strips, one near 
either end, the other 
in the middle. On 
rolling this frame 
into a cylinder, with 
the wire outside, the 
inner edges of the 
strips will touch. 

The inner cylinder 
is made in the same 
way except that the 
strips are laid close 
together and the wire 


rolled inside. It 
should be two in- 
ches shorter than 


the outer as to the 
height of staves. 

The difference be- 
tween the inner and 
outer cylinders 
should be sufficient 
to make the sides of 
the barrel two inches 
thick. 

A round bottom 
should be made 
so as to fit snugly 
within the outer 
cylinder, and two round, removable, end 
discs provided to fit within the ends: of the 
inner cylinder and hold it in shape. 

Before inserting the inner cylinder, spread 
concrete over the bottom to a thickness of 
about one-half inch, then lay in a piece 
of fabric, allowing the edge to project 
well up into the sides. Fill in to a depth 
of two inches. The best formula for. this 
purpose is a mixture of one part cement 
and two and one-half parts of sharp sand 


and gravel (about the size of buckwheat. 


grains). 

Then place the inner cylinder upon this 
bed and, to keep it in place, drop several 
strips two inches wide between the two. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Pour in about four inches of concrete; then 
withdraw the strips and drop in a circle 
of No. 3 galvanized wire. The ends of 
this wire do not need to be fastened together 
but they should overlap about eight inches. 
Care is required to keep the inner cylinder 
from changing its position during this 
process. 

Insert the strips again and repeat until 
the mould is filled. The concrete at each 
successive pouring should be  tamped 
down, not too heavily, but. thoroughly 
with a round rod. This process should 
be passed through without stopping, even 
for a few moments; for, if the concrete 


Constantly varying moisture and heat cannot induce rot in greenhouse benches and supports made of 


solid concrete 


starts to set between two layers a leak is 
sure to result. 

The moulds must not be removed until 
a period of from fifteen to twenty-eight 
days has elapsed, depending on the weather. 
In a warm dry season fifteen days will be 
found sufficient. 

On removing the mould all ridges of 
concrete which have formed between the 
strips of the cylinders should be rubbed 
off and a coat of cement and water, mixed 
to a paint-like consistency, should be thinly 
applied and rubbed smooth with a block 
of wood. This will give a neat finished 
appearance. Too thick a coat of this 
finish should be avoided as it is likely to 


become ‘‘map-cracked”’ as seen in the 
photograph. 

When the finish is quite hardened, the 
barrel should be filled with water. 

If a leak appears, pour in a half pailful 
of dry cement and stir for about ten minutes, 
then remove the water and clean out the 
wet cement. Sufficient cement will have 
gone into the holes to stop the leak. Such 
a barrel as those shown in the photograph 
should not require more than half a barrel 
of cement at a cost of about one dollar. 
The moulds, of course, can be used over 
and over again. 

In cold weather, water should not be 
allowed to stand in 
a concrete barrel as 
freezing might cause 
the barrel to burst. 
The best way is to 
turn it over on its 
side until the spring. 

Posts should be 
made with the mould 
flat and upon a sand 
bed if possible, to 
prevent springing. 
Build a plain three- 
sided box the dimen- 
sions desired (about 
six inches square has 
proven _ satisfactory 
for clothes post, 
fence posts, etc.) and 
pour in concrete to 
a depth of about 
one-half inch, then 
two lengths of No. 3 
galvanized wire or 
t+-inch steel rod 
should be laid in 
near either corner 
and more concrete 
poured in and lightly 
tamped till within 
a halfinch of the 
top when two more 
rods should be laid 
in, the mould filled 
and the top surface 
smoothed off. 

If a hook is desired 
at the top a hole can 
be bored through the 
end of the box and 
a piece of heavy wire 
or rod, bent as de- 
sired, inserted. A period of from fifteen to 
twenty-eight days should be allowed for 
the concrete to set. 

In setting the posts, holes should be dug 
about twelve inches square and two and 
a half feet deep. When the posts are 
properly lined up and plumbed, the holes 
should be filled with a mixture of one part 
of cement to four or five of coarse sand 
and gravel, pounded down well. The 
posts should now be ‘finished with soft 
paint-like cement and rubbed down with 
a block of wood. 

A straight edge will be of use in keeping 
the surface in line. No strain should be put 
upon the posts until the concrete has set. 


[s not this post better than the usual insufficiently 
set, wooden post that disfigures so many gardens ? 


The method employed in building landing 
blocks, flower boxes, and such rectangular 
forms is practically the same, except that 
the landing block should be built heavier 
in proportion. 

For the moulds, all that is required is 
a pair of boxes one to fit within the other, 
leaving the desired thickness of the finished 
object between. The larger should have 
two wires around it to prevent spreading 
of its sides. 

For a stepping stone three inches in 
thickness should be allowed, while for 
small flower boxes and window boxes 
one inch and a half thickness will be found 
strong enough. 

The boxes should be placed, one within 
the other, the inner one inverted. After 
a half-inch or so of concrete has been poured 
into the sides, a strip of fabric should be 
stretched around vertically and allowed to 
lap a few inches, and the sides filled with 
concrete. Another piece of fabric should 
be laid over the bottom of the inner box 
and project into the sides. The mould can 
then be filled. 

In the case of flower boxes slits for drainage 
should be allowed for. This may be done 
by tacking thin strips of wood, wrapped 
with paper, to the bottom of the inner box 
where desired. They should, of course, be 
as high as the thickness of the concrete box. 
The paper wrapping will allow the strips to 
be knocked out, without chipping the con- 
crete. If a porch flower box is desired, it 
is an easy matter to insert castors into the 
corners of the box while the concrete is 
still soft. 


IN THE GREENHOUSE 


The building of a concrete greenhouse 
is perhaps more of an undertaking than 
most amateurs would care to consider, but 
with sufficient time and some assistance 
it is by no means an impossible task. It 
is, of course, impossible to give in this article 
a complete plan and directions for the 
construction of a greenhouse, nor is it 
probable that such plans would meet with 
the exact requirements of the prospective 
builder. Certain-suggestions, however, can 
be given which will be found of use. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Having chosen the situation, exposure and 
general design of the house, it is necessary 
to have a carefully drawn and accurately 
figured plan prepared. 

Build the walls first of all. They should 
be at least ten inches thick and should rest 
upon a solid foundation. Before the con- 
crete in the walls has set, the moulds for 
the cross bars of the roof should be put 
into place and reinforcing placed in the 
wet concrete of the walls to hold the ends 
of the cross pieces. These cross pieces 
should be built on the same principle as 
the clothes posts, with at least four }-inch 
steel rods running through the entire length 
of each. They can be moulded on a sand 
bed and put into place afterward, -but build- 
ing them in place produces a Stronger result. 
Care must be taken to keep the mould 
boxes from bulging. 

After the walls and cross bars have set— 
and it is well to allow plenty of time—the 
supporting frames can be removed and 
moulds for the frames of the benches erected. 
An examination of the accompanying photo- 
graph, taken in a home-made greenhouse of 


A water barrel that once properly madeis not likely 
to spring a leak 


the lean-to type, will give a fair idea of the 
general construction of these benches. 

After the concrete has been poured into 
these moulds and while it is setting, the 
flat slabs for the bottom can be made. 
These are best made upon a sand bed and 
should be about 16 inches wide, as long 
as needed, and about 2 inches thick. Having 
a smooth sand bed to work upon it is an 
easy matter to lay out two-inch joists and 
strips to form the moulds. Strong wire 
fabric should be used in these slabs and it 
should be within a half-inch of the bottom 
if possible, as the strain will be greater 
there. 

When the concrete in the moulds of the 
bench frames has set the moulds should be 
removed and the slabs put in place. They 
should be laid so that there is a small space 
between them to allow for drainage. The 
next and final step in the concrete work is 
to lay the floor. At any time after the 
cross pieces of the roof have set, the glass 
may be laid and cemented into place. 

There are, of course, a hundred little 
things to be thought of that can only be 
applied to each particular case. The prin- 
cipal thing is to have the work so carefully 


NovEMBER, 1909 


planned that when it is once started there 
will be no delay as each piece is formed. 
Of course such a piece of work should not 
be commenced so late in the season that 
frost is liable to interfere before it is com- 
pleted. When the construction of a garden 
bench or other object, in which the outlines 
are irregular, is contemplated it is best, 
unless one is particularly clever with tools, 
to let a carpenter build the moulds. 


AN UNROTTING SEAT 


The seat shown in the photograph was 
made in a mould of two parts. The legs 
and seat were all inclosed in a rectangular 
box, within which was built a framework 
to separate the legs and end panels from 
the rest of the box and be a support for the 


seat. Upon this seat support was nailed a’ 


series of narrow strips wrapped in paper to 
form the openings. The legs were built in 
the same manner as the clothes posts, with 
a 4-inch rod near each corner. The rods 
in the back legs should extend clear up 
through the end of the back, and those of 
the front legs should be long enough to 
follow the contour of the arms and tie 
into the back with the other. 

After the concrete has been poured into 
the legs a thin layer should be spread along 
the front and back of the seat and upon 
this f-inch rods laid, at least two on either 
side. The seat can then be filled to a 
thickness of about 24 inches. 

The frame for the arms and back should 
then be put into place immediately and 
filled with concrete before that in the lower 
part has started to set. The frames for 
the arms should follow their contour exactly, 
and as the concrete is poured in short strips 
of wood can be nailed over it to keep it in 
form. The back should be filled from the 
top and reinforced in the same way as 
the seat. 


A POINT TO REMEMBER 


And, as a final word of warning to all who 
are amateurs in this interesting branch of 
garden work, do not be in any haste to re- 
move the moulds. As stated, fifteen to 
twenty-eight days is not any too long a time 
in which to allow the concrete to become thor- 
oughly dried out, although of course the num- 
ber of days depends entirely on the weather. 


Garden seats and other kinds of furniture in con- 
crete will afford occupation for ingenious minds 


Fall Planting ‘Lables for South and North—sy P. J. Berckmans, ceoreia 


NORTHERNERS SHOULD KNOW MORE ABOUT THE MOST FAMOUS SOUTHERN TREES—SOME MAY BE HARDIER THAN 


YOU SUPPOSE; MANY HAVE ENTERED INTO LIFE AND LITERATURE; 


SOME ARE PRECIOUS FOR NORTHERN GREENHOUSES 


(Epiror’s Nore.—This is the last of the series of articles on trees and shrubs, South and North, by the dean of American pomologists and of Southern horticulturists.) 


Patt planting in the North is steadily 
growing in favor, largely because it 
helps people to avoid the spring rush. 
There is a rather long list of trees and 
shrubs that cannot be safely planted in 
the North, but your nurseryman will 
inform you of such cases. Experts can 


move trees the year round, but the cheap 
and safe time is from the fall of the leaf 
until freezing of the ground, or say Octo- 
ber and November. If the ground is 
open planting is often continued through 
March, which is the busiest month in the 
North. 


BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS 


In the South there is only one season (No- 
vember to January), because spring comes 
earlier and the ground can be easily worked 
nearly all winter. The month when most 
planting is done is January, but if we were 
wise we would do most of our planting in 
November. 


The planting of broad-leaved evergreens is a much more particular matter than the planting of the narrow-leaved evergreens, 
or conifers, because the evaporating surface of the former is greater and consequently there is more danger of drying out. 

In the North, people move broad-leaved evergreens from one part of their grounds to another in August, and there are experts 
who move potted or balled plants even later, but the great bulk of the planting is done in April and early May. 

In the South, live oak can be planted during the winter, but the rule is fall and spring. 


Gardenia Tea olive Jagnolia grandiflora Abelia Camellia Oleander 
SCIENTIFIC AND TIME OF . 
RGRESERY AMES COMMON NAMES HTN HEIGHT REMARKS 
Abelia grandiflora and| Abelia...........----- May to October..| 4 to 5..... Everblooming and hardy even in New England. A profusion of small, light pink, tubular flowers from May 
floribunda.........- to autumn. It has taken half a century for the public to appreciate these. 
(ieee psoeeuedas PATI GUID alreoelsieix e/a is! cie yoo Red berries.......] 6 to 8..... Variety with yellow spotted leaves in most demand, but green-leaved produces more berries. Plant both sexes. 
Thrive in open ground South and in tubs North. Strong, dry soil needed. 
Azalea Indica........ Indian azalea....-. March to May....| 6 to 15 Indica alba and ameena the only reliable evergreen azaleas for the North. South, many smaller-flowered, single 
varieties do well in rich wood soil and partial shade. Syringe frequently for red spider. Hand pick caterpillars. 
Berberis Japonica..... Japan barberry........ Hebritanyeres cee ssi torolent Holly-like foliage, yellow flowers in February or March and bluish-black berries. “Thrives best in partial shade. 
‘ Hardy at New York in sheltered places, when given some winter protection. 
‘Camellia Japonica....| Camellia (North); Japo-| November to May] 1o to 20...] The winter glory from South Carolina and middle Georgia, South. Alba plena begins to bloom in Noy- 
nica (South) ember. Rich soil and plenty of leaf-mold. Especially fine along seacoast. 
El@agnus pungens....| Oleaster.............. anuaryeeeseecac Io to 20...| The variety reflexa fine for covering arbors. The goldcn-leaved varieties are very showy, thrive in any soil, and 
their foliage is never sunburned. Hardy to Washington, IDC: 
‘Gardenia..........-.-- Cape jasmine ......... April and autumn| 8 to ro....| Very fragrant, large, pure white flowers. Best in rich loam but often thrives in stiff and rather poor clay. Above 
the middle South must be grown in greenhouses. 
Prunus Laurocerasus..| Cherry laurel, English (Waist e eer carte Io to 15...| Very broad, shiny leaves that never fade or sunscald. Can be sheared in any form. Six to ten varieties. Will 
laninelis sen ies nek grow in Virginia only behind windbreaks. Flowers inconspicuous. 
Tagusirum.....-.-.--.- Evergreen privet....... iN prileey setae ies 4 to 30....) Amoor privet better than California, vivid green all winter. Amurense hardy to New York, but not iets a 
above Washington, D.C. L. Japonicum i is commonly planted for shade and makes a fine tree, 30 ft. high. 
Magnolia grandiflora | Evergreen magnolias...] April to June......| 50 to 100..| Grandiflora has fragrant flowers, sometimes 12 in. across. M. glauca has smaller flowers and leaves. Needs 
and glauca. ....... rich, moist soil. Hardy in New "England but deciduous north of Southern North Carolina. 
Michelia fuscata (Mag-| Banana shrub, Brown | April and May...]| 6 to 10....| A great favorite because of its banana-like fragrance. Flowers brownish yellow, edged bright carmine, an inch 
nolia fuscata) ...... Shrubs secre or more across. Must have rich soil. Worth growing in northern greenhouses. 
INiertuin seas seee ee Oleander...........-- April to July..... Io to 20...| Thrive best in the lower South, especially in coast belt. Inland often infested by scale and mealybugs, for which 
spray in winter and before the leaves expand. 
Osmanthus fragrans Tea olive .............| Nearly all year....| to to 15...| Flowers small, but numerous and of exquisite fragrance. Blooms freely in spring and more or less all the 
(Olea fragrans)..... year with slight interruptions. O. Aquifolium, var. ilicifolius, largest and most conspicuous. 
Photinia serrulata Japan evergreen thorn | April............ to to 30...| Flowers white, in large corymbs, April. Foliage reddish in fall and winter. When lower branches are cut off 
(Crategus serrulata) it will grow 30 ft. high in tree form. No troubles. 
Rhododendron.......- Roselibayseemice-c<--2 May to July......] 10 to 18...] Catawbiense and maximum best North; Pontic or Asiatic thrives South. Rich soil, plenty of leaf mold and shade 
from midday sun. Four species native to Appalachians. 
Ouscus Virginiana Mivesoake es. <5 5.2255 Not showy......- 40 to 50...}] One of our most valuable native trees. Makes grand avenues along the seaboard from Virginia south where it is 
(Os wrens) =. so see f often hung with Spanish moss. The cork oak also thrives South. 
7 AD ee oc eapplantoes-ee csc. -|) Winterso.s2-5 ../5- 8 to 15....| A very attractive bush when laden with its showy white flowers. It blooms better if occasionally cut back 
to half its height. Foliage usually scorched after zero weather. 
Viburnum Tinus.....-| Laurustinus..........- Tebruary, March | 4 to 6 ....}| An exquisite shrub. A most profuse bloomer at a time when flowers are scarce. Buds are showy in winter. 
V. suspensum has flowers like trailing arbutus, only it is not safe to plant them in cold weather. 


CONIFERS, OR NARROW-LEAVED EVERGREENS 


'The most desirable seasons for transplanting these trees in the middle South are during the months of November and again in 


February and March. This climate does not allow the transplanting of large trees, 


as is possible further North; hence young, 


and small, well-grown trees are always to be preferred. Give them a good, loamy soil, around newly planted trees, well mulched, 
that moisture may be retained. Given these few hints, we therefore only give the names of the most valuable sorts, their 


shape, height and color. 
There is considerable difference 


173 


of opinion. among Northern horticulturists as to the best time for transplanting conifers. 


174 


. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovemBer, 1909 


Some advocate planting in April, others prefer planting during August and September, when the young growth is hardened; but there, 
as well as South, it is advisable to keep the ground mulched. 


SCIENTIFIC AND 
NURSERY NAMES 


COMMON NAMES 


Cephalotaxus......... 
Chamecyparis . Law- 

GT: osama sGbEe 
CunninghamiaSinensis 


Cupressus funebris... . - 
Tsuga Caroliniana.. - . 
Cupressus macrocarpa 


Cupressus senvpervirens 
Juniperus Chinensis... 
PANS CXCEISIES ae 2 


Corean yew....--...-- 
Lawson’s cypress Roza 
Cunninghamia......... 
Funeral cypress 


Carolina hemlock .....- 
Monterey cypress .....- 


Italian cypress.........- 
Chinese juniper... ..--- 
Himalayan pine........ 


s 
WHY REMARKABLE x 
} 


The only kind of fir or spruce that thrives South, and that only in mountains. As fragrant as the Northern Christmas tree. 
50, rarely 70 ft. Make your nurseryman guarantee it true to name. 

More beautiful than the American. Has erect sprays of foliage instead of horizontal. 

The best yellow conifer in existence. Brightest and holds its color best. 

The sacred tree of India. Prized for its feathery bluish-green foliage. Attains 75 ft.in middle South. Hardy as faras Washington, D. C. 
White pine weevil often kills the leader, and this has to be replaced. 

Nearest approach to English yew that will thrive South is C. pedunculata, var. fastigata, known to nurserymen as Podocarpus Koraiana. 
However, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) does well in the Piedmont. 

It is to the South what Japan cypresses (retinisporas) are to the North, 7. ¢., it offers more showy varieties suitable for the South than any 
other conifer. Will grow anywhere South, but attains only 18 to 20 ft. 

A most symmetrical evergreen, as perfect as the Araucaria excelsa of Northern greenhouses. Should never be planted in very rich or moist 
soil. Thrives best in deep, gravelly soil. Attains 60 ft. in Georgia. Hardy to Washington, D. C. 

Most graceful evergreen for the South with pendulous or weeping branches. Much planted in cemeteries. 

Thought by some to be superior to the Northern hemlock. Hardy in New England. 

More extensively planted for windbreaks and hedges on the Pacific Coast than any other evergreen, 
shining. The original trees are wildly picturesque, but cultivated specimens are symmetrical. 

Var. jastigiata is the stiffest and most columnar of all evergreens. The variety Royallz is even stricter. 

Better adapted to the South than the common juniper and almost as many varieties. 

Needles as long, soft, and whitish as those of the white pine, but pendulous. 


Attains 30 to 


Many varieties. (Tuya orientalis.) 


Foliage yellowish green. 
Thrives also South. Foliage dark but 


Monterey cypress 


Himalayan pine 


Corean yew 


DECIDUOUS TREES 


It is safe to plant trees even before the leaves fall, provided they are ripe enough to strip off. After that, the sooner the better, 


so as to get the trees well established before the first severe cold spell. 
Pride of India or Texas umbrella. 
The greatest amount of room should be given to “specimens, 


taller species. 


It is best not to plant during the winter oaks, magnolias, 
Distances apart: The greater distances mentioned in the tables are for rich soils and for the 
” 4. €., plants: grown singly. For street and avenue 


planting less room is required, and for grouping or massing, least of all. 


STAN TARD AND 
NURS_RY NAMES 


COMMON NAMES 


Acer saccharinum (A. 
dasycarpum)....--- 
Acer saccharinum, var. 
W eirt, or laciniatum. 
Acer Negundo (Ne- 
gundo fraxinijolium) 
Acer platanotdes ..... 


Acer rubrum and sac- 
CHOY ere eee 
Acer palmatum and 
Japonicum ......-- 
Catalpa speciosa ..... 


Celtis occidentalis... . 
Cercis Canadensis... - 
Cornus florida.......- 
EY OXUUUS eee eee 
Ginkgo biloba (Salis- 
buria adiantiijolza) . . 
Juglams nigra........ 
Kelreuteria paniculata. 
Liguidambar  styraci- 
jJiltn eeaeriisn ss = 
Liriodendron 


Magnolia acuminata, 
Wt inseam ore age 32 
Melia Azedarach.....- 


Morus alba (M. Moret- 
Paice Seen ane 
Paulownia imperialis. 


Platanus orientalis... . 


Populus Carolinensis. 


Populus migra, var. 
Italica (P. jasligiata) 


Silver or soft maple -- 
Weir’s cut-leaved maple 


Ash-leaved maple. 


Red and sugar maples. 
Japanese maples..---.- 
Catalpa or bean tree.. - 
Hackberry, sugarberry 
nettle tree........... | 
Redbudi saan ao-erecee 
Flowering dogwood... . 
Ginkgo. Maiden-hair 
Japan varnish tree..... 
Sweet gum...........- 
‘lip itree-.. eee 
Early blooming mag- 
molias = eecne P= cle 
American magnolias..-. 
China berry, Pride of 
India. Indian lilac... 
White mulberry. .....- 
Empress tree .....-.-- 
Plane tree. Sycamore. . 


Button-ball 
Carolina poplar........ 


Lombardy poplar...... 


DISTANCES. 
S—STREET TROUBLES AND REMEDIES MERITS, ETC. 
G—GROUPS 
20: £01 35m ete Green striped worm. (Arsenate of} Very quick grower. In rich loam young trees often grow 6 to 8 feet in a year. This 
lead in early spring.)..-..---.--- rate diminishes as trees grow older. Branches often broken by heavy winds in North. 
Sing lyaaeeeeeeree Saimesas}fonalbOve eee e near Does best when given a stem of 6 to 8 feet before the branches are allowed to grow. 
Branches more or less drooping. Trees must be propagated by budding. 
ZEitO} BONS) eee Caterpillars in fall. (Burn webs.).-.} Very quick growing but short lived. Best in rich, moist soils. South. Destroy webs by 
saturating a rag with kerosene and burning. 
AAs) {iol As, Saecocce No jinsectsn. sonatas Best exotic maple for the North. Better in Piedmont than lower South. Variegated 
; varieties do better North. Schwedler’s variety has reddish leaves when young. 
ZOMtO 2 eee Caterpillars in autumn ............ Bright red or yellow in autumn, rather slow growers in uplands. A. Floridanum, found 


in low, rich grounds, has very large, dark red flowers in early spring. 

Remarkably handsome dwarf trees; not very satisfactory South, where the showy colors 
rarely remain bright after May, but their delicately cut foliage is valuable. 

Showy flowers. The Southern C. bignonioides is commoner, but the Western C. speciosa 
grows quicker; also is best for railroad ties. Several broods of caterpillars. 


Io to 15, or 20....| Caterpillars in autumn.. ...-- 35-08 


Singly. 10 to 15 (S)| Large caterpillars. (Arsenate oflead.) 


BOuLOl4O en eee None: 32025 ean Eee eee Quick growing street tree. 50 to 60 ft. high. Southern form not always hardy north 
of Washington, D. C., but southward grows to a large tree with spreading top. _ 
ZONONZOS eee Nones saan Shad See ae eee Myriads of rosy flowers in early spring. Needs rich, moist soil. The Japanese redoud 


grows to to 12 ft. high; flowers darker and more crowded. 
The pink and red flowering forms are still handsomer. 
beauty always plant these singly and with ample space. 


TO (Ko) (CD) cane To bring out their full 


25 to 30 (S). 18 to] Borers. (Dig out caterpillars. Ar-| White ash, quickest and best for street planting. Red, water and green ash require 
20) (G) eee : senate of lead.) very moist soil. European ash excellent for North, but questionable for South. 
BOUS) Se Or ee ree None: 51s shinee See eens Grows quickly in rich, clayey soils. Specimens should have branches retained from 
the base. Seedlings vary too much for avenues. Some columnar, some spreading. 
Bo) 10740 eee Borers. (Extract with barbed wire.)}] Quick-growing, but long-lived: Becoming rare in the wild. Japanese walnut, a 


handsome lawn tree about 20 ft. high. 


Smghy. 25 (5) nei NORUSEC fier Commonly but wrongly called golden rain tree. Grows 3 to 5 ft. a year when young. 
Hardy in New England, but best farther South. 

Zoito 4ox(S) 4-25) None erece soar ey ere Splendid autumn colors. Seedlings often attain 6 to 8 ft. in three years. Native to 
low grounds in South, but hardy even in the North on high ground. + 

BBLS) eerste seer IND a sepche sos eaomsot com anossds Tulip-like flowers. Foliage yellow in fall. Voracious feeder. On streets should be 


given a body of ro tors ft. Single trees should feather from the ground. 
M. Yulan, Soulangeana and Kobus become trees; others that bloom before the leaves 


‘rees=/2'6) ito! “3'5|\ None. asses eb ee eee eeeeen oe e t i 
are usually bushes. Flowers sometimes injured by spring frosts. 


Bushes to to 12. 


TS MONSON eee a iN jee emeSsAaomabccacoonuce M. acuminata best for street planting. Set the trees 30 ft. apart. M. macrophylla 15 
ft., M. Fraseri 20 ft.; M. Fraseri best on rich bottom lands. 

Umibrellaizcitoi2s|| "None: --2 = a2 > ae eee Fragrant lilac flowers in May. Very rapid grower. Plant wild form 30 to 4o ft. apart; 

(DManzcdabectoes - Texas umbrella variety 20 to 25 ft. apart on streets. Don’t plant in very cold weather. 

Singhysesesoccr ts Caterpillars. (Arsenate of lead.) Need rich soil. For silk culture plant 15 ft. apart. This weeping mulberry must be 
planted singly. The native red mulberry grows very fast in good soils. 

Singly 25 (S)--.-- INone Nau scebinco sa. e -beee nee teeee Very rapid, often growing ro ft. the first year, and leaves then 2 ft. across. At best when 
2 to 10 years old. Flowers large, fragrant and abundant. 

30 to go (S)...--- Fungus. (Bordeaux mixture.)-....- The oriental plane grows quicker than the native and is far less subject to fungous disease. 
Spray native plane in June and repeat every two weeks. f 

25 t0135 (5) -seeee Caterpillars. (Arsenate of lead.)....| Very cheap and rapid, and will grow in almost any soil, but prefers rich loam. Chokes 


sewers with its roots if planted near. Caterpillars appear occasionally in late summer. 
Quickest-growing columnar tree. Holds its foliage later in autumn than the above. 


25 to 30 (S). 15 tol Shorblived* = 2-tcee- eet see eateeee f 
20 / To make the base denser. top trees at a height of 10 ft. 


(GQ) Saaeeeee 


a ee 


NOVEMBER, 


1909 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 175 


Gingko 


China berry 


Magnolia stellata 


Ash-leaved maple American linden Black walnut 


DRICMDOS TRS CAA 


STANDARD AND 
NURSERY NAMES 


Sterculia platantfolia. | 


Tilia Americana ..... 


Ulmus Americana.... 


COMMON NAMES 


DISTANCES. 
S=STREET 
G—GROUPS 


TROUBLES AND REMEDIES 


MERITS, ETC. 


Caterpillars.(Arsenate.) Scale.(Lime- 
sulphur or kerosene emulsion.) -. - 
INojserious) enemies...-=----5------- 


Double-flowering sorts beautiful in early spring. Plant the weeping form. If dwarfs 
are top worked, set to ft. apart; if worked low, 6 to 8 ft. 
Quickest oak for street. planting North, but grows slower South. Foliage scarlet and 


yellow in autumn. Plant North in spring; South early autumn preferred. 


Borers occasionally ............... The only willows of value in the Middle South are the weeping (Babylonica) and the ring 
leaved (annularis). Former best for moist situations. Many thrive North. 

IN (0) te Ra BOG RIOR CRCD CEC COCCCOCRECnG Flowers yellowish white in large panicles. Bees make very delicate honey from them. 
Leaves very large. Bright green bark conspicuous in winter. Rapid grower. 

POUnesetsteiars aeSetel. ave crolsy are Were ie Ve Our native species best for general planting. Needs rich soil and abundance of humus. 


Leaf fungus. 
Borers .. 


Then symmetrical and healthy. Does not grow rapidly in sandy soils. 


Elm leaf beetle.| For streets select elms of erect and more or less compact growth, rejecting those with 


The season of planting is the same as trees and the same remarks apply about distances. 
when planting in the fall. 


pendulous branches or small leaves. Burn leaves every fall to prevent fungus. 


AS IN THE PREVIOUS TABLE “‘S’’ SIGNIFIES STREET AND “‘G” GROUP PLANTINGS. 


SCIENTIFIC AND 
NURSERY NAMES 


Callicarpa Americana.. 
Chionanthus Virginica 
Citrus trifoliata....... 
Cydonia Japonica 
(Pyrus Japonica)... 
Exochorda grandiflora. 
Genisla junced..-..... 
Dieratldenctes ae e2=2 
Hibiscus Syriacus. 
(Althea frutex)...- 
Efydranged.......-..- 
Lagerstremia Indica.. 
JL Weta oonaacased 


Philadel phus........- 


Punica Granatum .... 


SPineat emcee ae 
Syringa repay paieTE YE Tatar 
OMA seayte een 


Waburmim sone scie = 


COMMON NAMES 


TAZA GAINER ot ae Seite ise 
French mulberry......- 
White fringe.......... 
Japanese hardy lemon.. 
Japan quince. Flower - 
ing quince...-...... 
Pearl bush (Spirea 
gran aiiera) Re setstcrne 
Spanish broom....-.-.. 
Weigela......../.....- 
Althea. Rose of Sharon. 
Hydrangea...........- 
Crépe myrtle....-..--- 
Bush honeysuckle ....- 
Syringa, mock orange.. 


Pomegranate.......... 


TIME OF 
FLOWERING 


March to May.... 


’ Fruit in winter. -. 


April to May...-- 
IMarchrtsse)-l-16 
February to May.. 
Early in March... 


April to autumn... 
May to October... 
May to October... 
June to October. . 
aes to Jan- 

April PeauNaye: ae 
April to June... -- 
Hepmary till au- 
Wena Agni: 
April to October. - 


April to June ..-- 


DECIDUOUS SHRUBS 


Always prune shrubs somewhat 


Shortening in decreases the percentage of losses and makes the bushes more compact. 


Key 


H” INDICATES HEDGES AND “Ww”? WINDBREAKS 


DISTANCE 
APART 
(FEET) 


6 to 8 (S) 
2 to 3 (HL): 
6 to 8 (G) 
Singly.... . - 
6 to Io.... 
3 to 4 (G) 


Dwarfs to. 

4to6.. 
8 to 10 (G) 
15 to 20(S) 
Giito) 10) Jee 


GEtonrosers 
(GitoRtosese 
4 to 5 (S) 

Dwarfs (H) 
AvtoyOseniee 
Io (W) ... 


5 WO) Ges ce 


OTHER POINTS 


All hardy to New York and easy to transplant. Mbollis, Ghent and calendulacea showiest. Plant South in 
October to November and March, in partial shade and soil rich in humus. 
Flowers inconspicuous, but bright purple berries in axillary cymes in great profusion. 


berries is no less conspicuous. Both last well into the winter. 


A variety with white 


Delicate, fringe-like flowers. Hardy North. Found in wild abundance South in rich oak woods. Should be 
planted oftener in South. Plant singly and feed well. 
Showy in early spring. Myriads of white flowers. Fruit inedible, but beautiful South in winter. Best defen- 


sive hedge plant for South. Blooms again sparingly in summer. Specimens show best. 

For many years only the red-flowered form was known. Hence thename “fire bush.”’ Now white, pink, yellowish, 
orange and crimson varieties. Fruit good for jellies where common quince fails. 

A well-cared for plant, 8 to 1o ft. high, looks like a snowbank when in bloom in early spring. 
Hardy North. Plant South in fall. 

This is as showy as the pearl bush when laden with innumerable golden flowers in April. 
is not hardy outside of the Middle South 

Taller-growing sorts, e. g., the amabilis section, attain to ft. 
son and dark red. Some varieties bloom spring and autumn 

An invaluable shrub. Forty varieties. Tall or dwarf, single and double; white, pink, red, crimson, purple, 
lavender, and bluish. Free from insects. By selection flowers may be had nearly five months. 

Hortensis on east side of house will bloom from May to autumn. Grown North in tubs. H. paniculata, var. 
grandiflora, often trained as a tree, is the favorite North. 

Crimped flowers of darkest crimson, purple, light and dark pink and pure white. 
York, but attains 20 ft. South. Cover plants with straw during winter. 

Fragrant flowers and pretty red or yellow fruits. Fragrantissima February. Belgica, when trained in bush form, 
blooms profusely in March and April, and less so all summer. JL. brachypoda for slopes. 

Twenty kinds now, single and double; some very large and hardly fragrant, but the old coronarius is still best 
for general planting. It is very fragrant. 

Double red, white and variegated, very showy. Single varieties do not bloom so long, but bear beautiful edible 
fruit. Not hardy above middle Georgia but a fine tub plant North. 

The early spring-blooming varieties give a wealth of white flowers. The summer bloomers are often pinkish. 
and flower continuously till fall. Some dwarfs fine for low hedges. 

To have more flowers and make them last longer plant in rich, loamy soil. 
single and double, and with large trusses. Double flowers last longer. 
Exceedingly delicate. Feathery foliage and pink flowers in loose panicles throughout summer. 

more compact than others. Very hardy, resisting dust of city streets and good for seaside. 
Japanese snowball better than European, more profuse of bloom and more compact in growth. Single flowered 
kinds have attractive berries, red or black, some lasting all winter. 


Flowers large. 
Unfortunately, this 


Some are only 4 ft. high. White, to pink, crim- 


Only a dwarf bush at New 


Fifty varieties now in many colors, 


T. Japonica 


White fringe 


Viburnum 


Japanese hardy lemon 


Syringa Pearl bush 


Large-flowered Chrysanthemums Out-of-doors—By Viola McColm, 


A LESSON FROM KANSAS, WHERE, IN SPITE OF FROSTS, HAIL AND HURRI- 
CANES, THE RAISING OF FIVE-INCH FLOWERS WAS REALLY AN EASY MATTER 


T a Farmers’ Institute in our home 
town some beautiful chrysanthemums 
attracted more attention than any of the 
farm products displayed, and made us desire 
to have some the next fall. So in the spring 
we ordered, from eastern firms, fourteen 
different chrysanthemums, named. Some 
plants came the first week in April, and the 
others eight days later. All were set out in 
the garden the same evening they were 
received. 

Our little flower garden is directly against 
the north side of our house, that it may be 
sheltered from the hard south winds. The 
weather was warm when the first plants came, 
but the second night a cold wave made it 
necessary to cover them. ‘The temperature 
dropped to within sixteen of zero, and sev- 
eral other_times it was ten below freezing. 
And strong north winds and sometimes rain 
accompanied these cold turns. Notwith- 
standing the unfavorable weather only two 
chrysanthemums died — two that were cov- 
ered with small stone jars! And with the 
extras that were sent there were seventeen 
plants left. Boxes formed a good protec- 
tion from both cold and wind, and were left 
over the plants during some of the windiest 
days. As soon as the chrysanthemums 
commenced to grow they were tied to stakes 
to prevent their being broken by the wind. 
And later stronger stakes were driven and 
the plants were kept carefully tied; for in this 
prairie country the wind frequently attains 
a high velocity. 

The soil here is deep, but our little gar- 
den was further enriched by one wagon- 
load of well-rotted manure. Western Kan- 
sas has an unfailing underflow of water with 
plenty of wind to lift it; so by use of hose 
the garden was easily watered. All through 


A plant of Mile. Marie Liger chrysanthemum. Hail 
bruised many of the buds, causing one-sided flowers 


The chrysanthemums were planted along the 
north side of the house sothat they would be pro- 
tected from the hard south winds - 


the spring and summer the chrysanthemums 
had all the water they needed. We would 
give the garden a good watering, then allow 
it to become just dry enough for the soil 
to be in good condition for hoeing, when 
it was hoed and not watered again until it 
should be. 

On August 15th some plants were potted, 
and the others on September 1st. Candy 
pails of ordinary size were used — first 
boring a few holes in the bottom, then put- 
ting in a thin layer of gravel to insure drain- 
age. ‘The plants were lifted when the soil 
was sufficiently moist to not crumble easily. 
We tried to lift each one in an undisturbed 
chunk of dirt nearly large enough to fill 
its bucket; using just a little rich soil in the 
bottom and to fillin around the edge. ‘Then 
they were watered and taken into the house. 

It was necessary to keep them in the house 
and away from sunny windows for several 
days — even the shade north of the house 
would not prevent their wilting. In the 
shaded room in the day, and out in the dew 
at night is the ideal way for the first week 
after potting, or until the plant commences 
to grow again. Then leave it out-of-doors, 
in the shade for a few days, then in a sunny 
location — a part of the day at least. And 
all the time give the chrysanthemum water 
just as needed. Until the plant becomes 
well-established after potting only a small 
quantity should be given. After it com- 
mences to grow nicely, it is well to loosen the 
soil in the top of the pot or bucket and give 
enough water at once to moisten all the soil 
—a quart or more being required for a 
bucket. Then wait until soil on top has 
dried out slightly before watering again. 

No place indoors will give the sturdy 
growth of buds that out-of-doors will give, 
and since we have but few good plant win- 
dows we kept our chrysanthemums out-of- 
doors whenever the weather was fit. Many 
days were so windy that the plants had to 
be brought in early in the forenoon. Laterin 
the season we watched the thermometer and 
did not leave them out when there was dan- 


176 


ger of frost; for although chrysanthemums 
will stand some frost it is better to not sub- 
ject tender varieties to such temperature. In 
the late fall we kept them out-of-doors every 
day that was not too windy or cold. After 
the buds were well advanced the plants were 
fed with liquid manure twice each week. 

During their growth in the garden and 
afterward the plants were given the prun- 
ing and pinching of flower buds that seemed 
desirable. Our mistake was in not doing 
enough of this. 

One hail-storm in September came unex- 
pectedly, so the chrysanthemums were not 
brought in until in the midst of it. The 
driving rain and hail, it seemed, would have 
them ruined before they could be carried 
under the shelter of the porch roof. Then 
it was well that the buds had not been lim- 
ited to the number of flowers desired. The 
hail broke off many buds and bruised others 
so that many imperfect flowers - resulted. 
But plenty of perfect buds remained. 

On Mlle. Marie Liger— our earliest 
sort — we left too many buds, and most of 
them were bruised with the hail. Yet with 
its quantity of flowers it was attractive, and 
is of very easy culture. 

The two most beautiful were the Viviand- 
Morel and Dr. Enguehard. The plants, 
each in their buckets, on the floor reached a 
height of four feet and each had as many 
as twenty large flowers, Viviand-Morel being 
a deep pink and Dr. Enguehard a more 
delicate pink. Most of these flowers meas- 
ured 4% inches in diameter and 34 inches 
in depth. 

But for a mistake of ours Colonel D. 
Appleton would have been remarkably beau- 
tiful. The plant stood 4} feet in height, 
very symmetrical and vigorous. First we 
made the mistake of allowing sixty buds to 
remain on it. Not content with this, we 


Viviand-Morel blossoms, four and one-half inches 
across and three inches deep. Color, a deep pink 


NoveEMBER, 1909 


overdid the feeding of liquid manure. 
The first flowers were 44 inches across. 
Major Bonnaffon, too, we blighted by 
over-feeding. 

Tioga was beautiful with its abundance 
of delicate, loosely formed flowers, 45 or 5 


Optimism in the 


NV CNDEREUL as is the memory of 

my first two years in our gardens, 
there have been days which are not associated 
with the true radiance of Hope. 

As I sit here while Clarence prepares the 
ground for the oncoming fall plantings — 
for nothing is now admitted to the gardens 
but under my own personal direction — and 
as I watch old Copper working patiently 
among the young baby box planted exper- 
imentally last May, I realize what this year 
has meant to me. 

The box looks as brown as if hopelessly 
dead, but it is not dead. As Isaac says, 
“Tat’s all livin’ —yessum.” And it is. 
I find especially in box that there are many 
shades of brown possible to living but dor- 
mant plants. 

Only recently I was being commiserated 
because of the many rows of dying box slips 
in my small nursery. Last year the sight of 
those brown clumps would have caused me 
a daily pang; this year the baby box tucked 
away under their little brown sun-bonnets 
with the intervening rows carpeted by mats 
of straw — all this I pass with as light a 
heart as would a mother the cradle of a 
softly sleeping child. 

These first years have brought, above all 
things, faith in one’s efforts, even the smallest, 
to give growing things a chance. I realize 
now for the first time the quick responsive- 
ness of plants, their recuperative power, 
their elasticity of habit and most of all their 
normally forgiving nature. Time and again 
people say to me, “‘It is too bad you did this; 
most unfortunate you did that; mistaken 
judgment to plant peas so early, they’ll rot; 
your iris will never thrive on so high a piece 
of land; your tulips are dangerously near 
the mole runs, the bulbs will be eaten up.” 
But my faith in the affinity between plants 
and their lover, the enthusiast, bids me turn 
neither to the right nor to the left. I plant 
garden peas so early that my fingers tingle 
as I measure out the seeds; the iris is planted 
high in the garden walk and low down by 
the lily tangle and they rival each other in 
splendor. The tulips bloom in long blazing 
troops down the path and the mole burrows 
stealthily by on the other side. This faith 
which has come these first two years has 
made me pessimist-proof. This latter peril 
once having been overcome, the amateur 
gardener need be appalled at nothing. Of 
course there have been sickening blunders, 
but the promises of Nature are optimism 
itself. There is no insect pest — no blight 
so disastrous to a garden as is the wet-blanket 
‘of a pessimist. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


inches across. Not desirable for cut flowers 
but pretty on the plant. 

The Mrs. Harry Emmerton is fine for its 
long season of bloom and its lasting qualities, 
and it produced flowers 54 inches in diameter. 

There is a satisfaction in succeeding in 


Gardens of Hope—By Ida M. H. Starr, 


So shut your eyes and close your ears 
when the pessimist walks in your garden, be 
he lord or lady; give no easy ear to his voice 
nor eye to his disapproval. I say to my 
plants, ‘“‘We two are playing a new game 
with our enemies, let’s see which side will 
win.”’ So the early frosty plantings of peas 
huddle together and get warm, and the first 
thing you know I call out, ““Oh Mr. Pessi- 
mist, dine with me on spring lamb and the 
earliest, sweetest peas in the county.” 

And yet this faith in an ‘“‘all’s well” 
mental attitude has come limping through a 
year of some stiff plowing. This was the 
time when I waited all the summer for my 
foxglove to bloom from seed planted the same 
spring; it was the season when the few 


_ flowers I had were scorched brown by the 


long bitter drought, and this was the year of 
my first acknowledged garden tragedy. 

It might all have happened in the same 
way had I been in the gardens —no one can 
tell. A thousand miles separated me from 
the onrushing spring in Maryland, and know- 
ing that it might be May before I reached the 
‘“‘Eastern Shore,” I sent my bundle of seeds 


*“We planted it in rows and in clumps, on the east 
half of the garden border’”’ 


177 


some unusual attempt in gardening; and 
our large chrysanthemum plants with their 
abundance of really nice flowers were re- 
markably attractive. Chrysanthemum cul- 
ture is a success here as elsewhere, and 
quite easy. 


Mary- 
land 


to Copper with explicit directions, emphasiz- 
ing the necessity of carefully labeling all 
the different rows of early seeding. I also 
sent an order for an ample supply of small 
two and three inch flower pots. I felt within 
me somewhere that yearning toward pro- 
fessionalism. A stack of flower pots cer- 
tainly would lend that air. One always 
sees them conspicuously present about florists 
and big gardens. 

We arrived late in April. Iran to the hot- 
beds, Copper following respectfully, rubbing 
his great hands together. 

“My! but the things have grown. They’re 
all labeled correctly, Copper, are they?” 

EP Vessuimppee Vise Stanh ae saat sDey7s 
marked in de full conjunct.” 

“Did you get those little flower pots I 
ordered P” 

““Yess’um, yess’um, we got ’em; mos’ 
a wagon-load, fine ones dey is, ’um.” 


Then I inspected the flower pots! Six 
to eight inch pots —a whole “‘single team 
load” of them — with fancy rims! I dis- 


creetly told Copper to store them out of sight 
in the hay loft, not wishing the critical 
members of the family to know the true 
enormity of Copper’s purchase; one or 
two down by the hotbed would be quite 
enough in sight at one time. It has always 
been a sort of grim comfort to me to blame 
the whole subsequent disaster to those great 
hulking flower pots with ornamental rims. 

With three hundred six-inch and_ larger 
pots up in the hay-loft, I was forced to 
justify their expense, at least to myself, so 
I started to transplant my annuals into the 
flower pots, sneaking them down a few at a 
time from their hiding place. Of course 
most of the plants could as well have gone 
directly into the permanent border, but that 
was one of the things I learned later. 

I stooped down over the hotbed and 
scrutinized the rows of flowers. They were 
in a hopeless mess. Sweet alyssum was 
marked calendula, mignonette with the 
coreopsis label, and of the many different 
varieties of plants, the only unmistakable 
ones were marigolds, sweet alyssum, 
mignonette, pinks, and zinnias. 

Working from the known to the unknown 
by an awkward process of elimination we 
disentangled the familiar flowers first, and 
then set ourselves at the laborious task of 
sorting out those that remained. ‘‘ Now 
Copper, we'll take these next. They’re 
fine healthy looking plants and we have such 
a lot of them, too. How does it come that 
they’re mixed in with all the other kinds? 
Here, pass me some of the largest pots.” 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Fe ES i tees 


~It do beat all how things does grow in dis heah gyarden, mum’”’ 


“You has’nt got de name foh dese las’ 
flowahs, missus, has you?” 

“No, but we can find out about that when 
they begin to bloom.” 

The whole collection was placed in a shady 
spot for a while until it had recovered from 
the shock of transplanting, being watered 
morning and evening faithfully. It took 
the big garden cart to carry them all to the 
border, for the wonderfully vigorous 
unnamed plants had outstripped all of my 
dreams of rapidity in plant development. 

“Tt do beat all how things does grow in 
dis heah gyarden, mum.” 

“Tt certainly does, Copper. Why is it?” 

“It’s ’cause de good Lord is a-lookin’ at 
?em, I ’spect, mum.” 

We planted these flowers in clumps and 
also in rows on the east half of the garden 
border, which measures over a hundred feet 
in length. They outdid themselves. The 
clumps increased splendidly, and the new 
border plants in response to my command 
fairly shot into the air, so that as I walked 
down the garden I had on each side a row 
of sturdy plants that promised a wealth 
of recompense —for those pots. It was 
magical and I was jubilant. 

One day, while working in the hardy 
border, Zeke came along. He was good at 
“trucking” so had been hired for a day or so. 
’Zeke took off his hat and stood there, in a 
humble but quizzical attitude. 

“Well, "Zeke what is it?” 

‘Course taint no business of mine, miss, 
but pears to me dat you is taking right smart 
trouble wid dem things.” 

“Ves I am, but it pays in the end to do 
everything well, Zeke; you colored people 
should always remember that to help up- 
lift your race.” 

“Yess’um I knows, miss, but dem things 
there grows powerful strong, dey does, and 
spreads mighty bad too, and you cy’ant never 
get rid of em, once dey gits set in a gyarden.” 

“Well, that’s just what I want. This is a 


hardy garden ’Zeke, and when I once put a 
plant in here I intend to have it stay, and I 
want it to spread, too, spread until it’s all a 
mass of bloom.” 

“Yess’um, dat’s ’zactly right about de 
gyarden, but dat’s Jerusalem oak, dat’s 
what we calls it down here.” 

“Ts it related to the Jerusalem Cross? 
Pve that too.” 

“IT don’t know ’bout its ’lations, miss. T 
knowit grows most as big and strong as a tree 
and wese can’t get rid of it and cows, dey wont 
eat it, and it nevah has no flowahs, nohow.”’ 

I sank down in a heap on the grass. I 
knew then what ’Zeke meant. Chagrin and 
mortification swept in flames of fire to my 
face. No garden books had ever warned me, 
those books which had been my law. I 


NovEMBER, 1909 


looked down at the hotbed and saw those 
wretched stacks of flower pots, then along 
the interminable rows of Jerusalem oak, 
and I thought how hot the sun could be along 
the ‘‘Hastern Shore” when it tried, and how 
suddenly my garden had grown bare and 
hopeless. After dark I came out into the 
garden with Copper and silently we worked 
at those despicable things until late at night. 
Then came the blistering drought and there 
were no masses of bloom, nothing but a sad, 
lonely and deserted garden, for the Jerusalem 
oak revelation had robbed me of all courage, 
and the garden was more barren in my mind 
than weeks of drought could make it. The 
dear garden throbbed out its soul in the blis- 
tering sun, and I deserted it for my gardens 
of fancy, where countless flowers bloomed 
in perfect beauty. I left it for many days. 

One night I dreamed that my garden was 
rank with bristling bushes like holly, as 
tough as trees that could never be pulled 
from the ground, and as _ forbiddingly 
interwoven as green-brier. The dream 
brought me to myself. What was Jerusalem 
oak in comparison with green-brier and holly 
spikes? I would go again to the garden. 
And so, as one who reénters a house deserted 
by the laughter of children, I walked once 
more down the long path and dared to 
lift my eyes and look about me. 

But oh, Mr. Pessimist, what did I find 
there? A blaze of yellow from the marigolds, 
tall reaches of plumes from the crépe myrtle, 
all shades of harmonious color from the 
despised zinnias, and a soft green sod down 
the paths in the midst of it all. My 
flowers had played the game and had won out! 

Late in the autumn Copper was tugging 
with both arms at a Jerusalem oak down 
by the terrace, for they did spread, as "Zeke 
predicted, when, stopping for breath, he 
said: ‘‘’Pears, mum, like de Lord mus’ a been 
a-lookin’ de udder way when we was a-plantin 
dis heah Jerusalem oak.” 


“A blaze of yellow from marigolds, tall reaches of plumes from the crépe myrtle, all shades of harmonious 
color from zinnias, and soft green sod in the midst of all’”’ 


Empress tree, or Paulownia, is cut to the ground yearly for the sake of its vig- 
orous shoots and large leaves. Ailanthusis similarly treated for tropical effect 


The noblest of hardy evergreen bamboos, having leaves ten to fifteen inches 
long and three inches wide. 


Grows five feet high. Probably Bumbusa palmata 


The Right and Wrong Kind of Tropical Effects—By Wilhelm Miller, 3: 


WHAT ENGLAND CAN TEACH US ABOUT HARDY FOLIAGE PLANTS—THEY COST LESS THAN TENDER ONES 
AND HARMONIZE BETTER WITH OUR CLIMATE— BEAUTIFUL LEAF FORMS PREFERABLE TO GAUDY COLORS 


[Eprror’s Note.—This is the eleventh of a series of twelve articles on the materials of English gardens, showing which are hardy 


and appropriate here and which are not. 
England last year by the author.| 


ONeEeND has the right attitude toward 

the beautiful plants that come from 
the tropics. We have not. England knows 
how to get the spirit of tropical beauty and 
harmonize it with that of a northern clime. 
We aim at the letter and succeed only in 
getting a meretricious and evanescent show 
of color which does not harmonize with our 
climate and costs more than the better way 
of doing things. 

We are just about seventy years behind 
England in this respect. For it was about 
1840 that England was taken by the craze 
for tender bedding. You will still find in 
England coleus and other foliage plants of 
gaudy color in beds that are quite as geo- 
metrical and complicated as those in any 
public park of America. There are also 
private gardens in the old style that are 
preserved as faithfully as if they were paint- 
ings of a school which, though no longer 
esteemed, has its place in the history of art. 
And in a country that is an endless suc- 
cession of gardens you naturally expect to 
find every style of gardening and every 
shade of opinion. But England as a whole 
has definitely abandoned the bedding folly 
which still defaces American parks and is 
particularly obnoxious in private gardens. 
England has put her faith in hardy plants 
and I believe she will never change again. 

For, in the first place, tender plants can 
never harmonize with a northern climate. 
Their transitory nature is too obvious. 
When you look upon a canna bed you know 
that it will be a blank expanse of earth all 
winter, while our northern trees are revealing 


beauties of outline and structure that are 
hid in summer. The tropics are beautiful 
the year round, but we intensify our winter 
bleakness and poverty if we make gardens 
that are bare five-twelfths of the year. 

The winter ugliness of a tropical bedding 
system might be forgiven if the summer 
effect were pure and good. But one-half 
of it is as weak as it is well intentioned, 
while the other is as impure as it is strong. 

For example, the plants that really enjoy 
our summer heat, such as coleus, alter- 
nanthera, and acalypha, are the worst 
disturbers of the peace. Their leaves may 
be showier than hardy flowers, but they are 
gaudy and monotonous. The purest and 
sweetest way to get color in a garden is to 
have a succession of hardy flowers. Last 
May in an article called ‘‘England’s New 
Kind of Flower Bed” I showed how we can 
have flowers quite as long by the hardy 
system and beautiful foliage two months 
longer. 

On the other hand, there is no nobler or 
more characteristic tropical growth than the 
palm. But its nobility consists largely in its 
stature. Moreover, palms do not bear 
flowers or fruit until they reach a consider- 
able age and height. The only way we can 
enjoy them to the full in the North is to have 
extra tall greenhouses built for them — taller 
than private means can afford. The day 
will come when every large city will have 
its palm houses where people may enjoy 
the wonders of the tropics in something 
like their native grandeur. Meanwhile, the 
palms, bananas, rubber plants and dracznas 


179 


A companion series in Country Life in America describes the different types of garden seen in 


that are grown primarily for summer show 
outdoors are a pitiful substitute for the real 
thing. 

“My trip to the tropics,” said a friend to 
me, ‘has forever spoiled me for enjoying the 
puny little palms which the park superin- 
tendents set out for tropical effect.” It is 
all right enough to come upon a secluded 
spot where the contents of a greenhouse have 
been put outdoors for the summer. You 
understand at once that this is done for their 
health and that their real mission is winter 
beauty. But to try to make a big summer 
show with plants that ought to be seen as 
tall trees is alternately painful and ridiculous. 

The logic of this is not so easy to see as 
in the case of the gaudy and quicker growing 
plants. Any person of taste can understand 
that leaf forms give deeper and more lasting 
pleasure than foliage of abnormal colors. 
“Why then,” you may ask, “should we 
not have these palms, if we can get their 
leaf forms in no other way?” 

The answer is twofold. First, we can and 
should have these identical plants from the 
tropics in our greenhouses, but they should 
never be conspicuous in the landscape or 
prominent in the garden. 

Second, every important leaf form im the 
tropics 1s approximated by some plant that 
can stay outdoors all winter and therefore 
the hardy plant should be given the preference 
in northern landscape and gardens. 

To illustrate this great principle let us take 
one of the six largest families of plants — 
the Leguminose, to which peas, beans and 
clovers belong. This order is very rich in 


a single root at Sutton Place, home of Lord Northcliffe 


tropical plants of famous beauty, such as 
the acacias, mimosas and tamarind. Now 
the very soul of their beauty is a kind of 
feminine grace and airiness which is due to 
their feathery foliage. Their leaves are com- 
posed of great numbers of small leaflets 
arranged with admirable precision and not 
only are these highly compound leaves deco- 
rative in themselves, but they respond with 
myriad undulations to the slightest breeze; 
and the play of light and shade, as the sun’s 
beams sift down through these innumerable 
leaflets, is a source of deep and never- 
ending joy. 

The language of the botanists rarely helps 
us to understand beauty, but the word 
“‘pinnate” exactly describes the nature of 
this feathery foliage. It refers to a leaf 


composed of many leaflets which are 
arranged on either side of a common stem 
in a definite order, sometimes alternate, 
sometimes opposite, sometimes with a single 
leaflet at the end, sometimes not. Here 
then we have the physical basis, or body, of 
this kind of beauty. 

Now let us examine the hardy members 
of the legume family. Among trees there are 
the honey locust, yellowwood, redbud, 
Japanese pagoda and Siberian pea tree, all 
of which are beautiful in flower, while the 
common locust and the Kentucky coffee tree 
are not quite as showy. Among shrubs there 
is the Cassia or Maryland senna. Among 
perennials are Baptisia and Coronilla. And 
among climbers is the noble wistaria. 

I freely admit that none of these is exactly 


Butterbur (Pélasites vulgaris) has leaves two feet across and makes colonies six or eight feet in diameter 
under trees that cast a dense shade. A good plant under trees that are bare below 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


like a mimosa. All of them may have 
larger leaflets than the most refined acacias 
of the tropics. Doubtless they differ among 
themselves as much as an equal number 
of women. But they all agree in having 
a certain feminine charm. And I think that 
ought to be enough. For these plants bring 
to us the spirit of tropical beauty in a form 
that is adapted to our climate, since the plants 
remain outdoors the year round. The 
letier of truth would be to grow acacias in 
tubs in your greenhouse and put them in 
your garden in summer. But that seems to 
me a verysmall and poor letter, for it does not 
give us the birds and butterflies that belong 
with the acacia, and the tubs — well, they 
are tubs. These objections do not apply to 
the yellowwood on the lawn or the redbud 
in the garden. 


AN INFALLIBLE RULE 


So, then, we have a sure principle to guide 
us in bringing the spirit of tropical beauty 
to the North. We are not to pick out 
the showiest plants of the tropics and trans- 
port them bodily, for they fear the frost. 
Their faces, so to speak, blanch at the thought 
of it and, therefore, they can never look 
entirely happy or seem at home in our gar- 
dens. The true way is to search out the 
hardy members of each family that plays 
a great part im the tropics. These will 
look at home both summer ‘and winter, for 
even when they are bare they will give us 
some beauty of outline, branching, bark, 
bud, or berry. In the case of herbs there 
will be only two or three months gained, but 
in the case of the trees and shrubs we shall 
get a dignity from their stature which we can 
never have from the tropical plants that are 
set outdoors for the summer. 


WHAT WE MEAN BY ‘“‘TROPICAL”’ 


Nine times out of ten when we speak of 
“tropical vegetation,” the chief idea in our 
mind is /uxuriance of foliage, rather than any 
particular leaf form. I realized this during 
my first day in England, when I saw clearly 
that the overwhelming beauty of England is 
due chiefly to her great luxuriance. For 
when the earth seems teeming with fertility, 
everything looks prosperous and happy. 
America does not yet have this look, except 
in spots. One great reason for it is that 
hitherto we have relied chiefly upon European 
plants and these, broadly speaking, do not 
fit our climate as well as our own and those 
from China and Japan. Throughout this 
series of articles I have been illustrating in 
many different ways a single theme, vzz., that 
America can never get this happy, prosperous 
look, this ‘‘nearly tropical luxuriance,”’ until 
American plants constitute the bulk of our 
plantings. 

We must have “‘spice,”’ however, and my 
present object is to explain the different 
ideas that roam about in consciousness 
when we speak of “tropical effects” or 
“tropical charm.” 


THE LARGE-LEAF EFFECT 


Wndoubtedly one important element is the 
gigantic individual leaf. The conventional 


er ) 


NovEeMBER, 1909 


way of getting this effect is to set out banana 
plants, which are generally torn to shreds by 
a storm. 

The most wonderful hardy plant of this 
type in England is the Gunnera, a waterside 
plant with leaves often six feet across and 
sometimes ten. A New Jersey nursery- 
man claims that is it hardy with protection 
as far north as New York, but I doubt if it 
will ever thrive north of Virginia. The 
nearest we can get to it is Rhewm Collini- 
anum, which is the least like a rhubarb of 
all the many species I saw at Kew and else- 
where. 

The grandest hardy trees with big leaves 
is Magnolia macrophylla, which has leaves 
a yard long and flowers a foot across. Long 
Island is about the limit of its hardiness. 

The catalpa, paw paw and empress tree, 
or Paulownia, have a tropical appearance, 
and their leaves are about a foot across. 
The gardeners have an old trick of growing 
Paulownias in a formal bed and cutting 
them down every year, by which plan they 
get the biggest leaves. This seems to me a 
poor kind of beauty compared with the grand 
trees you see at Flushing, Long Island, 
especially when they are covered with their 
royal flowers. The bedding system sacrifices 
all the bloom. 

Among perennial herbs with huge leaves 
are the two species of Petasites here pictured, 
one of which has leaves about four feet long. 
In May I showed the heart-shaped leaves 
and yellow flowers of Senecio Clivorum, 
and in September a gigantic Crambe covered 
with misty white bloom. There are several 
species of plume poppy, or Bocconia, that 
have leaves like those of a fig. 


MASCULINE EFFECTS 


All large leaves tend to have a masculine 
effect in the landscape and there is one leq 
form that is peculiarly virile. Here again 
the botanist helps us with his word “‘pal- 
mate,”’ which refers to the outstretched fingers 
of the hand. The chief plant used by the 
““bedding crowd” to produce this effect is 
the castor oil bean, but fan palms, abutilons, 
fatsias and tender aralias are also turned out 
of greenhouses for the purpose. 

A good hardy plant of this type is the elm- 
leaved spirea, which the nurserymen call 
Spirea Ulmaria. The one they call Spirea 
palmata has a spirited, almost eager, appear- 
ance. But it is possible for palmate leaves 
to look too eager. ‘The aroids, an immense 
tropical family, are noted for their dragon- 
like leaves, and the names given them by 
the botanists refer to salamanders, demons 
-and other creatures with “‘claws to snatch.” 
It is proper that these curiosities should be 
cultivated in greenhouses by collectors, but 
we ought not to have such diabolical sugges- 
tions in northern gardens. 

Indeed, the more this resemblance to the 
human hand is softened, the better it is for 
a country where people admire the strong 
man that has gentle manners. The grasping 
suggestion is likely to vanish when there are 
three or seven or nine lobes, instead of 
exactly five fingers, and when these lobes are 
cut or fringed, we get native strength clothed 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


181 


Saxifraga peltata (on the bank) has leaves a foot across and many pinkish or white flowers half an inch across 


in early spring before the leaves. 


in delicacy. To this type belong larkspurs, 
globe flowers, anemones, aconites and other 
perennials. 

Among trees the horse chestnut is a noble 
example; also the sweet gum, which has a 
starry suggestion. But the maples have 
more palmate beauty than any other hardy 
trees. ‘The Japanese kinds are doubtless the 
favorites for sub-tropical effect, but our own 
red and sugar maple look more at home than 
any other trees with palmate leaves, and 
therefore ought to be planted on a larger 
scale than any other. 

In other words, I should never use palms 
in a northern landscape. Instead I should 


A Californian plant, but hardy in Massachusetts with slight protection 


use hardy plants with palmate leaves, for 
these have the spirit of tropical beauty in 
bodies that are toughened to our climate. 


BAMBOO EFFECTS 


But we make a great mistake if we sup- 
pose that palms are all fan-shaped. Many, 
if not most, belong to the feathery, or pinnate, 
type of beauty. The northern florist sells 
more plants of the feathery Kentias and 
Areca than of the fan-shaped Latania. And 
we find this feathery grace highly developed 


_in another great tropical family — the bam- 


boos. So full are bamboos of tropical sug- 
gestion that people are always surprised to 


The shining bamboo (Arundinaria nitida), the most feathery of hardy bamboos. 
feet high. Must be protected from the midday sun 


It grows six to eight 


learn that there are any which will survive 
a*northern winter. Yet a better rule of 
action would be to assume that every tropical 
type has its northern representative. And in 
my experience the northern plant is often 
more beautiful than anything of the kind 
in the tropics. What maidenhair can the 
tropics* boast that has the beauty of our 
own Adiantum pedatum? And is there any 
plant in the immense family of aroids which 
has so innocent and boyish a prettiness as 
our own Jack-in-the-pulpit ? 

So with bamboos. There are six very 
fine species that are hardy at Philadelphia and 
and I described many others in Country Life 
in America for March, 1905. Indeed, bam- 
boos are nothing more nor less than grasses, 
though they flower only after a long time and 
then die. 

Among flowering grasses the most cele- 
brated is pampas grass, great specimens of 
which are sometimes wintered in cellars as 
far north as Philadelphia. But I would 
rather have something that is hardier, even 
if not so showy, e.g., the giant reed (Arundo 
Donax) and Ravenna grass. Eulalias I 
never loved but sometimes they fit well. 

There is a noble reed which raises its 
spears in serried ranks all summer, on the 
great salt meadows near New York, and in 
the autumn its military hosts are crowned by 
myriads of waving plumes. The name of this 
reed is Phragmites communis. No nursery- 
man sells it. I wonder why? 


OTHER ‘‘FEMININE”’ EFFECTS 


Bamboos and other plants of feathery 
character are generally considered to have a 
feminine type of beauty. But beauty is, of 
course, wholly subjective, and therefore it 
would be absurd to follow such consider- 
ations far. I will, therefore, merely give a 
list of hardy plants with pinnate leaves, in 


Window Boxes 


HE most satisfactory way to grow 
plants in the schoolroom and, in 
many cases, at home, is in the window-box. 
The window-box means the possibility of 
easily caring for a number of plants in a 
small space. Plants in pots take much more 
space than the same number of plants in a 
window-box. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


order to show that we have plenty that fit 
our own climate, without importing plants 
from the tropics for summer ‘use in gardens. 


COMMON NAME NURSERY NAME 


Ash Fraxinus 
Hickory Hicoria 
Japan varnish tree Keelreuteria 
Mountain ash Sorbus 
Sumach Rhus 
Tamarisk Tamarix 
Tree of heaven Ailanthus 
Walnut, butternut Juglans 
Trumpet creeper Tecoma 
Bleeding heart Dicentra 
Feathered columbine Thalictrum 
Fraxinella Dictamnus 
Hardy gloxinia Incarvillea 
Jacob’s ladder Polemonium 
Oriental poppy Papaver 
Peony Pzonia 


Roses, especially R. rugosa, multiflora, Wichuratana 
and their improved varieties. 


CUT-LEAVED EFFECTS 


Closely allied to pinnate beauty is the cut- 
leaved type of which cosmos and marigold 
are familiar examples. I shall mention only 
a few examples that give soft, misty effects 
and require less care than annuals. 


COMMON NAME NURSERY NAME 


Milfoils Achillea 

Pyrethrums Chrysanthemum  coccin- 
eum 

Giant fennel Ferula 

Tamarisk Tamarix 


Thunberg’s spirea Spirea Thunbergit 


It is needless to pursue these analogie, 
but there is one great misconception 
about plants with highly colored foliage that 
should be corrected. 


HIGHLY COLORED FOLIAGE EFFECTS 


There are some enthusiasts about hardy 
plants who make a fetich of the idea of hardi- 
ness. They see nothing objectionable in a 


lawn peppered with copper beech, purple 


THE CHILDREN’S WINTER FARM, THE 
BULB POT AND WINDOW-BOX, PRESENT 
AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PARENTS, 
WOMEN’S CLUBS, PARK COMMISSIONS — 
IN” FACE, ALE OR USO LEND A 
HAND. A GROWING PLANT IN WIN- 
TER IS AN EDUCATION IN ITSELF 


Conducted by 
ELLEN EDDY SHAW 
New York 


It is the cleanest way, too. We are all 
familiar with the sight of a pot covered with 
crépe paper stained and discolored from 
water spilt upon it and moisture given 
off from the porous pot. 

The window-box, if properly watered, 
need never leak. Its fresh-painted sides 
need never be covered with any material. 
It stands for just what it is—a well-made, 
well-painted wooden box. 


plum, golden elder and variegated weigela 
because the plants are hardy. But I can 
see no reason why hardy plants with gaudy 
foliage are any better than tender ones. 
Strangely enough, there are some fifty hardy 
plants now used in conventional bedding 
because they have purple or metallic foliage 
or something else to “‘frizzle the eyebrows”, 
as Dean Hole used to say. The great lesson 
we should learn is that abnormally colored 
foliage is too different to be in good taste, 
as arule. The most objectionable bedding 
effects are those produced by such unnatural 
looking foliage as coleus, horse-shoe geran- 
iums, alternantheras, acalyphas, and such 
foreign-looking flowers as lantanas, and 
mesembryanthemums. Moreover, all violent 
contrasts and intricate patterns are in 
questionable taste. 

I said that there was a sweeter and purer 
way of getting brilliant color and a long 
season of bloom. It is by means of hardy 
flowers such as ever-blooming pinks, tufted 
violets, forget-me-not, woolly chickweed, 
evening primroses, pyrethrums, bugles, stone- 
crops, and many others that I mentioned last 
May. And if, for any reason, they will not 
do the required work, we can go back to the 
loveliest of annual flowers for bedding pur- 
poses, such as heliotrope, verbena, stocks, 
nasturtiums, catchfly and scarlet sage. 

I would not rule tropical plants entirely 
out of northern gardens for summer effect 
for I would not be extreme in anything, but 
we lean on these plants altogether too much. 
We should make them incidental as England 
does. Until the desire for showiness gives 
way to the desire for appropriateness our 
gardens will lack charm. And until we stop 
looking to Europe for material and discover 
our own hardy plants we shall only make 
poor copies of Old-World gardens instead 
of achieving a national style of our own. 


It is quite impossible to give dimen- 
sions for the construction of the window- 
box since it must fit the space one wishes 


to use. It is wise to keep in mind this— 
that these boxes when filled with soil 
are very, very heavy and awkward to 
handle. So if your window is large, why 
not have two small boxes for the space 
rather than one large one? When these 
are placed end to end the effect is of one 


NovEemMBER, 1909 


’ 
7 Eg oie eae ois - 


A partition through the centre of the box gives sup- 
port and keeps it from warping 


long box. The ordinary house window 
may well have the single box. 

Other things to keep in mind for the con- 
structing of the box are depth, drainage 
holes, joints and paint. 

Just as bulb boxes need no great depth, 
so with window boxes. If the depth be 
great the plant spends too much energy 
in root growth. A shallow box means, if 
properly filled, a compact root mass. So if 
your box is to be, say, 3% feet long, make it 
not more than 8 or 10 inches deep. 

As we put drainage holes in the bottom 
of the bulb box so we do in the window-box. 
Many people make window-boxes without 
drainage holes. It seems rather better to 
have them since they offer exit for surplus 
water, and offer places for the roots to get 
at the air. An arrangement and spacing of 
drainage holes may be seen in the October 
issue under bulb boxes. These holes may 
be bored 6 inches apart down through the 
centre of the box; or they may be bored 
in two lines, thus doubling the number of 
holes and amount of air space. 

A box filled with soil all winter constantly 
in a state of moisture is quite likely to spring 
or spread apart at the joints. The better 
fitted the joints the better the box, and the 
better it stands the inside pressure and mois- 
ture constantly brought to bearuponit. The 
box in the picture has the end pieces placed 
between the side pieces and so poorly done 
that this box hardly lasted one year out. 
And so this really very simple-looking piece 
of construction presents a splendid lesson in 
joints for the manual training shop. 

As to paint, of course the box must have 
one coat (perhaps two) on the outside. A 
dark green is all around the best. Green 
is always the best setting for plants. 
Nature made this color scheme. We only 
follow her lead. 

After the box is made, the paint dry, it 
must be filled. And this may well be left 
until late fall; let it be the last of outdoor 
work. Or fill the boxes, put the plants in 
and leave outdoors, sheltered by a wall 
from winds, so the plants may get a start 
before brought in for the long stay inside. 

Just a good garden soil is the soil for them. 
It should not be clay soil, or the clay will form 
too cold and damp a mass about the plant 
roots. Do not fertilize the soil. Just a good 
soil, sandy rather than rich, is the kind 
wanted. Itis well to sift it right into the boxes. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Choice of Plants 


ae kind of plants to place in the box 

depends upon whether the box is to goin 
a bright sunny window or in one which gets 
little or no sun. Everyone knows the most 
satisfactory plant of all for sunny windows 
is the geranium. It is easy enough to get 
them for schools without money, because 
this is the time when everyone’s mother is 
taking up plants for the winter and some 
are always thrown away. Many large, 
old plants slipped make six or more good 
little chaps. Begonias are most satisfactory; 
you can plant these either in sun or shade. 
Fuchsias make a fine show. If you wish to 
have a plant of some height do not choose 
a palm or fern, for these plants need so much 
water they should always be planted by 
themselves in single pots or in fern dishes. 
The amount of water required for a palm 
would cause ordinary plants, like geraniums, 
to decay. So choose plants which take up 
about the same quantity of water. For 
height, then, one might plant a flowering 
maple. These are fine in leaf and blossom. 
So they add much to the box. Vincas are 
good for both sun and shade; so too is pan- 
danus. The foliage of these is pleasing. 
Much is added to the general effect if some 
plants which form long hangers are put in 
and planted close to the front side of the box. 
In sun or shade the “‘ wandering Jew” grows. 
A bit breaks off; it is stuck back into the 
earth and again it grows. Pieces put in 
water grow equally well. Trailing over the 
sides of the vessel they are in, they make a 
pleasing effect in a corner or by the side of a 
window. 

An important fact in connection with 
window-boxes is, the closer you plant the 
better the growth of the plants. It sounds 
wrong. We think that plants ought to have 
space to grow in. They should, usually; 
but space defeats the object of the window- 
box, because the idea is to have top growth 
and blossom. If you give plants a chance 
to grow under the ground they will do it at 
a sacrifice to their growth above ground. 


Pandanus is very decorative, grows readily, and 
adds much to the appearance of the box 


183 


There are too many leaves on this slip. Cut off all 
but the two top ones 


So crowd the plants in. The root growth, 
thus limited and checked, gives added 
strength above. ‘This is true too, in a meas- 
ure, of planting in pots. Most people put 
plants in too large pots, and so fail often 
to get good top growth and blossom. Notice 
next time you drop into a florist’s shop the 
large palms in comparatively small pots. 
Why is this? Just to get good growth of 
foliage. This fall do not re-pot ferns and 
palins hastily. Neither get alarmed at roots 
poking through drainage holes. It is always 
wise to ask the florist about the re-potting of 
large plants. 

Finally, as to sunny and sunless windows: 
put in the boxes for the shady windows 
plants which run to foliage and in those for 
the sunny windows plants from which you 
expect blossom. For blossom, sun is 
necessary. 

The last thing of all is the placing of the 
box. Shall it go on the sill? Not if you 
wish to keep the sill in good condition. 
Shall it be screwed to the casement? It 
may be, but it is hard to place each year, 
and often the strain is too great on the 
screws. ‘The best arrangement is that of iron 
brackets screwed to the casement beneath 
the window sill. These brackets when not 
in use may be folded in against the wall and 
so are quite out of the way and do not have 
to be removed from  schoolrooms each 
spring when the box goes outdoors. The 
weight of the box is sufficient to hold the 
brackets out, and so steadies them that it is 
not necessary to even screw the box on. 
Two boys holding the brackets straight, two 
others placing the box on, is all the labor 
needed to make that box permanently 
secure. It remains here now until its journey 
outdoors next spring. 


Slipping of Geraniums 


oO stocky geraniums in the fall gar- 

den are exactly right to slip. These 
properly slipped and started, if well cared 
for, will blossom by January or February. 
If closely crowded into the window-box you 
may be certain of bloom if you have good, 
strong sunlight on them. 


Notice the limited earth space given to this palm. 
It will grow better for this 


Florists slip geraniums and put them 
in sand; many people put the slips into 
water to form roots, but it is easier far 
for you children and for schools to place 
the slips immediately into the earth of 
the window-box. 

The slipping process itself is easy. Sup- 
pose we have a big old geranium from which 
to take our slips. It is full of branches. 
These branches or stems have around them at 
intervals rings called nodes. The space 
between two nodes is called an internode. 
On the nodes are what seem to be small 
leaves. Press one aside, notice between it 
and the stem what appears to be a very small 
bud. Here a new shoot can start. 

So choose a branch, pick off all the large 
leaves except two at the extreme end. If 
there are more than two, choose the two 
smallest leaves. Now it is ready to cut. 
About four inches down the stem cut it off 
between two nodes. Do not cut straight 
across the stem but cut slantwise. 

You have now in your hand a geranium 
slip which is four inches long. At one end 
of the stalk are two leaves, the other end is 
cut obliquely across. Before you plant this 
slip look between the two leaves and see if 
there is a small bud. If so, and it is all 
green, leave it. For this green means that 
as the bud develops only leaves will unfold. 
If you see any other color in the bud, pinch 
it out with your fingers The color tells us 
that the bud is a flower bud. If this be left 
on the slip, all the strength of the little plant 
will be taken up in forming the blossom. 
A new plant is not strong enough to stand 
this. It needs allits power for plant growth. 

Plant the slip in your window-box, burying 
it in earth above the first node. That is 
the node just above the cut. Thus you have 
buried in the earth the place where roots 
will form. 

Crowd the slips in three or four inches 
only apart. They should not be exposed to 
the full glare of the sun at first. Some gar- 
deners say to let the slips wilt before water- 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


ing. But it is quite safe to water a little 
from the first. But do not soak the soil, or 
the young plants will decay. 


Taking Up Bulbs for the Winter 


|Rebous plants, as cannas and dahlias, 
may be left in the ground until after 
the first frost comes. 

Some fine, cool day in late fall dig them up, 
cut off old leaves and stalks, shake off all 
adhering soil and dry in the sun. When all 
moisture is dried off they are ready to pack 
away for the winter. 

The best way to leave them for their final 
rest is to pack them in a box with some light 
soil about them to prevent the shrinking and 
shrivelling of the bulb. If left without pack- 
ing they lose by shrinkage. It is not neces- 
sary to bury them. Just a little soil about 
the bulb is sufficient. 

The box should be left in a cool place, but 
not where the temperature is likely to drop 
to freezing. When thus fixed, they may 
safely be left until the spring planting. 


One Way Clubs and Societies 
Can Help 


apoE time to help children in their work 
of planting is not past because fall 
has come and the regular garden season is 
over. There are splendid opportunities now 
for help. One of the finest lies along the line 
of bulb culture. Why not make it possible 
for every child in your town, neighborhood 
or district to have his own hyacinth or tulip ? 
To have a blossoming plant all one’s own is 
a source of great delight, a cultural influence 
inestimable. 

A little local society in the north of Eng- 
land has done this sort of work for years. 
This society makes it possible for every child 
in the town to have bulbs. Then in mid- 
winter is a bulb show. The children bring 
in their blossoming plants and great is the 
rivalry. It all means much, not to the 
children only, but to the whole community. 

It is not necessary, hardly advisable, to 
give bulbs free of all charge to the children. 
It is better far to charge a nominal amount. 
A penny places a hyacinth bulb within the 
reach of almost all children. A child values 
far more that which he has paid something 
for. Here is an ethical side which ought not 
to be ignored if we hope to have self-respect- 
ing people. 

Bulbs distributed, a lesson given on the 
planting and care of these same bulbs, is a 
worth while piece of work for your club to 
take up this year. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
will gladly help you in this. If you care to 
have a demonstration lesson given to any 
number of children, the “‘children’s editor” 
will come and present it. The October 
issue tells of varieties of bulbs best worth 
buying. 

This is an equally good avenue to open up 
to working girls and all who must lead 
restricted lives where beauty and growing 
things play but a small part. It is impos- 
sible to estimate the influence of a growing 
plant upon these, our sisters. 


NovEemMBeER, 1909 


Another society tried this plan. Instead 
of giving the bulbs to the children to plant, 
the ladies planted the bulbs, caring for them 
until the plants came from their resting per- 
iod in the dark. Then these were sold at 
a small figure to the children. In this way 
it was made a surety that a child had a 
plant well on toward blooming. There is 
always a certain amount of risk in those 
weeks of darkness. The bulb may dry up, 
may freeze, may have numberless calamities — 
befall it. On the other hand, what is gained 
in security is lost in care. For a child surely 
values most that for which he cares and 
works. 

Again we suggest this work to all who wish 
to add something beautiful to some child’s 
life this winter. 


A Bulb Contest 


yee you ready? ‘This is a bulb contest. 

Can you raise the best daffodils or 
tulips or any other bulb in the United States ? 
If you can you shall have the little garden set 
of books. It takes up all kinds of gardening. 
There are eight volumes init. It’s worth the 
race. Send us your names early with the 
kind of bulb or bulbs you intend to enter in 
the race. 

When the blossoming time comes you send 
us a picture of the result with a written paper 
on the planting, the time you left the bulbs 
in the dark, and the weeks from this time to 
blossoming. 

Suppose you come in second. ‘Then you 
receive one large book. You may choose any 
book in our large ‘‘Nature Library.” 

The third prize will be THE GARDEN 
MaGazineE for one year. 

Suppose a whole class at school competes ? 
Well, that would be all mght. Such a win- 
ning class may choose any two books from 
“The Nature Library” or receive Country 
Life in America and THE GARDEN Maca- 
ZINE for one year. 

Get into the race, all. We shall be glad to 
answer any questions, only —you get busy! 


Dracena is a beautiful foliage plant. The red-leaved 
varieties are very effective 


NoveEmMBER, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 185 


ATLAS c 


PORTLAND 


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To make concrete construction successful requires proper proportions of 
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Atlas Portland Cement is the best kind of Portland Cement that 
can be made. By having your architect specify “Atlas,” you will 
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his same material—that is, Atlas Portland Cement—will 
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and all the other details of building which go to make a country 


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“Concrete Construction About the Home and on the Farm” (sent free), is a book 


valuable to every present or prospective builder of a house or country place. Other books 
that will interest you are: 

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the Panama Canal. 
BR Rie eee EA 


Storing Vegetables for Winter 
Use 


HE ideal place for storing vegetables for 
winter use is a root cellar so completely under- 
ground that the cold cannot penetrate to it, and 
where sufficient ventilation can be provided to 
properly adjust the temperature at all times. The 
surrounding soil will supply sufficient moisture, and 
the vegetables are of easy access at all times and 
are safe from vermin. Mice sometimes get at them 
when buried in the ground, which is the next best 
method of storing. 

Roots can be successfully kept in warm, dry 
house cellars by placing them in tight boxes made 
of seven-eighths lumber. Cover with sand, putting 
one inch between the roots and the bottoms and 
sides of the box, and covering the vegetables two 
inches deep. Use boxes of not less than two bushels 
capacity, cover tightly, and place in the coolest part 
of the cellar. The sand prevents wilting, and 
also protects the vegetables from any sudden 
changes of temperature. 

Celery and other crops can be successfully stored 
by digging a hole deep enough to contain them, 
covering with boards in the form of a pitch roof, 
with earth and corn fodder or straw on top arranged 
so as to shed water. The covering must be thick 
enough to prevent the contents from freezing. An 
opening at one end of the trench, closed with a 
burlap bag of leaves or straw and a board cover 
will make easy access to the vegetables. 

The successful keeping of all hardy vegetables 
over winter depends on maintaining a temperature 
of 35 degrees; total darkness, which prevents sprout- 
ing or growth; and just sufficient moisture to pre- 
vent wilting, shrivelling, or drying. 


With the exception of beets, all root crops must . 


be cut close. Do not allow any of the tops to 
remain, as it is liable tosprout. It is even better to 
cut off a small amount of the root. Beets, how- 
ever, should have about an inch of the tops left on. 


If intended for storage in a root cellar, cabbage 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


should have the stem and outer leaves cut off; 
but if it is to be buried in trenches in the garden, 
leave the root and leaves on, and store it root end up. 

Trim off all the damaged foliage on the celery, 
also the outer stalks. Pack closely when storing, 
and do not shake off all the soil from the roots. 
Keep the roots moist, but the tops dry. 

Throw onions in rows where they have been grow- 
ing and leave them there for several days to cure. 
A better way to cure them, however, is to spread 
them out in an open shed, where they will be pro- 
tected from the rain and shaded from the sun. 
When the tops are dead, trim off and store. 


PROPER TIME TO GATHER 


Beet, cabbage, and carrot. Before freezing. 
While a slight amount of frost will not be injurious, 
it is better to gather these vegetables before freez- 
ing weather. Do not handle any while frozen. 

Celery. Before freezing; or earth to tops and 
cover with strawy manure. Store before hard 
freezing. 

Kale. ‘Tall kinds are the best for winter use. 
They are improved by frost, are perfectly hardy, 
can remain in the ground all winter, and be gathered 
for use when not buried by snow. 

Onion. As soon as tops die. 

Parsley. Dig and plant in coldframes. 

Parsnip. Wig asupply before the ground freezes. 
The remainder can winter in the garden. 

Potato. Dig as soon as the tops die and transfer 
from soil to storage as quickly as possible. Expos- 
ure to light injures quality. 

Radish, winter. Before freezing. 

Turnip. Before freezing. 

Corn. Late plantings, ready by frost; leave 
stalks standing. The ears will remain in an eat- 
able condition for several weeks. 

Cucumber. Gather before frost. If kept in a 
cool, dark place will remain in good condition for 
several weeks. 


Egg plant. If not bruised will last four or five 
weeks. 
Pepper. Jf gathered before frost will keep for 


four or five weeks, but eventually withers and dries. 

Squash. Gather before frost. Is best if kept 
in unused room in the dwelling, with a temperature 
of from forty to fifty degrees. 

Tomato. Store in a cool and dark place; all 
except very immature fruit will ripen and keep 
from six to eight weeks — sometimes longer. 

Pennsylvania. J. Lukens Kayan. 


March Sowing in the Fall 


@ ee sensible gardener will save himself work 
in the raw, uncertain March weather by 
sowing seed in the fall, when it is a pleasure to be 
outdoors. Fresh vegetables will also be assured 
during May and June, before the spring sown 
vegetables reach an edible size. The last week in 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


October is a satisfactory time for the fall sowing of 
vegetable seeds, the best results being obtained 
from carrots, celery, parsnips, chard, lettuce and 
American cress. We found carrots and celery the 
surest crops. 

Fall planting will also save some of the April 
rush and will prevent one of the blunders made 
by so many amateurs, who are so eager to sow their 
early seeds that they dig the ground before it is 
dry enough to be worked. 

Our fall sown patch was planted deeper than 
spring sowings usually are, and was covered with a 
thick mulch of straw and manure as soon as the 
ground froze. This was removed by degrees — 
about half the middle of March and the remainder 
two weeks later. After planting, the ground was 
well pounded with the hoe above the seeds, and 
trenches made with the wheel-hoe beside the rows 
to prevent water from standing during the winter. 
Eighteen inches is a good distance to allow between 
the rows; if closer, it is difficult to cultivate and if 
farther apart more mulching material is required. 

Plant and roots of Hollow Crown parsnips, sown 
in the fall, measured thirty-one inches the third week 
in June. The following week the celery was trans- 
planted, having reached a length of about twelve 
inches, including the root. Danvers carrots were 
eaten the same week, and the whole planting pulled 
up the second week in July, the roots being five 
inches in length and six inches in circumference. 
American cress formed thick, vigorous plants, six 
inches in height, by the middle of June. The chard 
leaves were of good size, with stems a half inch 
thick, when the early April planting was only fit 
for greens. Lettuce made the best record. Grand 
Rapids and Half Century were the most satisfactory 
out of five varieties planted, showing above the 
ground March 31st. Young heads of fine quality 
were used the middle of May; full sized heads were 
picked a month later, a few days ahead of the 
spring sown crop. 

Fall sown radishes germinated the same season 
but of course perished with the cold weather. 
Only one came up in the spring. This was eaten 
the second week in May. Perhaps a still later 
(November) sowing of radishes would be more 
likely to lie dormant till spring. 


FALL SOWN FLOWERS 


Many flowers give equally good results if started in 
the fall. Poppies, sowed in September and mulched 
for the winter, bloomed in May, a month before the 
spring sown poppies were in flower. Fall sown 
cornflowers bloomed in the same way. Sweet peas 
flowered in June, when spring planted ones were 
only budding. Pansies are among the best flowers 
for this purpose, if they can be started in time to 
make a growth of two inches before cold weather 
checks them. With protection they will give bloom 
very early in the spring. 


New York. I. M. ANGELL. 


Beets, cabbage, carrot, celery, etc., should be gathered before freezing and stored in a frostproof place for winter use 


ee a ee See eT ee eee ee a Se ee ee ew Pee rn ee ee ee ee wa 


. 


NovEemMBeR, 1909 


Your Christmas 
~ Money 


How would you like to produce 
enough extra money to enable you 
to get through Christmas, without 
spending too much of your savings? 


We have anticipated this desire 
and have a plan that provides cer- 
tain advantages, which enables any 
person to add a considerable sum 
to his or her Christmas money. 
Moreover, we have some special 
Christmas offers that make it com- 

paratively easy to qualify. 


This Chance is Offered You 


We want some person, either man 
or woman, in every town and city, 
to take renewals and new subscrip- 
tions for our magazines. For this 
service, we will pay a liberal prof- 
it. No previous experience is re- 
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on in leisure hours. No cash invest- 
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At this season, when so many 
subscriptions are being renewed, the 
business offers unusual opportunities 
for profitable spare time effort. 


A Salary to Good Producers 


In addition to the regular com- 
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ducers. This salary payment and 
rebate money can be obtained by 
sending a certain number of orders 
every month. Some of our agents 
make as much as $100.00 a month; 
they all earn something. 


If you are interested in this plan, 
if you can use some extra Christ- 
mas money during the Holidays, 
send a postal card, and ask for our 
“Christmas Money Plan.” Write to- 
day, so you can get an early start. 


Doubleday, Page & Co. 


109 E: 16th Street NEW YORK 


Wilks Hot Water Heaters 


Insure Even Temperature 


fm at any desired degree the year around in green 


houses, poultry houses, barns, garages, cot- 
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° giving sizes, price 
Write for Book #)272 g22s. ence 
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and furnish specifications forsetting up 


S. WILKS MANUFACTURING CO. 
3575 Shields Avenue, Chicago. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


CEMENT HOUSE SHOWING CRAFTSMAN IDEA OF 
HALE-TIMBER CONSTRUCTION 


ae ae 


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CRAFTSMAN HOMES 


Written and Published by Gustav Stickley, $2.00 


“CRAFTSMAN HOMES” is of value to everyone 
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a Home. It contains plans for houses costing from $500 
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and Furniture. 

The houses shown are intended to embody the best in 
American Architecture: Honest Construction, Sim- 
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Economy. 

Craftsman Needlework, Metal Work and Tapestry (and 
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of “CRAFTSMAN HOMES.” 

Cabinet Work for Home Workers and Students Who 
Wish to Learn the Fundamental Principles of Construc- 
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Decorators. 

“CRAFTSMAN HOMES” is beautifully printed and 
exceptionally well bound. Jt carries over 200 illustrations, 
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The Readers’ Service is prepared to 
advise parents in regard to schools 1 


A Craftsman 


Offer 


THE CRAFTSMAN 


Edited and Published by Gustav Stickley, $3.00 


A copy of “CRAFTSMAN HOMES ”’ and a year’s subscription to THE CRAFTSMAN, *3-75 


THE CRAFTSMAN is a magazine designed pre- 
eminently to represent the World’s Progress. Its readers 
are Intelligent American Men and Women. It aims to 
present all phases of Public and Individual Achievement 
in which Sincere Craftsmanship is shown. 

Wherever there is progress in America, or any part of 
the globe, in the Fine or Industrial Arts, you will find 
the magazine an enthusiastic exponent. Modern 
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CRAFTSMAN their unfailing champion. Practical 
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is Fearless, Sincere, without conscious prejudice. Its 
Purpose is Progress. 

In addition to the many houses and plans given in 
“CRAFTSMAN HOMES,” two Craftsman houses 
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one accepting our offer will have a complete presentation 
of the progress of Craftsman architecture. 


OTHER CRAFTSMAN OFFERS 


‘OR those who are interested in the handicrafts we have other combination offers which we feel are valuable 

and significant. In a circular we have just issued, which will be sent upon request, there is a list of some fifty 

practical books on the Arts, Handicrafts, Nature Study, Gardening, Domestic Science and General Culture offered 
in groups in combination with a year’s subscription to THE CRAFTSMAN. 


Write to-day for circular and sample copy of THE CRAFTSMAN. 


Gustav Stickley, The Craftsman, 41 West 34th Street, New York 


Painter trade mark). 
Ask for Outfit 56. 


For durable painting of all kinds use National 
Lead Company’s Pure White Lead (Dutch Boy 
Information on request. 


NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY, 111 Broadway, N. Y. 


IPS UP TO YOU 


Planet Jr. Garden Tools 


turn drudgery into pleasure and increase your 


yield. 1909 catalogue free. 


S.L. Allen & Co., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa. 


If you have not gotten complete control of the dread 


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WE KNOW THAT PRATT’S 


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Kr ey 


Fragrant Shrubs and Vines 


O THE list of fragrant shrubs and fragrant vines 
enumerated by Mr. John Williams in his able 
and interesting article in the July number of THE 
GARDEN MAaGAzInE I would add two shrubs and 
one vine. The shrubs are the Russian olive (Elwag- 
nus angustifolia) and the silver berry (Eleagnus 
argentea). ‘True, their fragrance is of short dura 
tion even as their short-lived inconspicuous flowers, 
but while it lasts it is well worth having in the shrub- 
bery group. It is not aggressive, but subtly sugges- 
tive, especially that of the silver berry, which goes 
a long way to atone for the somewhat disagreeable 
odor of its ripe berries when these are crushed. 
These shrubs, moreover, are hardy in the Dakotas, 
and will serve as substitutes for other fragrant 
shrubs that are not hardy in that region. 

The vine whose fragrance I would not like to 
miss is a native of the Dakotas, and indeed of all 
the Northwest, where along the river banks it flings 
its branches from the tops of the highest trees. 
This vine is none other than the common wild grape. 
Its fragrance hovers about the plant during the 
latter half of June when the tiny greenish flowers 
open. The word “hovers” describes the nature of 
the perfume better than any other word | know of, 
for it is most distinct at a distance and seems all 
but gone when you thrust your nose against the 
flowers. To me its fragrance appears most com- 
parable to that of the heliotrope, with a character 
all its own. The two foregoing shrubs and the 
wild grape vine will afford fragrance after the lilacs 
are out of bloom, the shrubs taking up the scent 
where the lilacs leave off and the grape continuing 
the charm almost up to July. Nothing is cheaper 
(for it abounds in almost every woodland), nothing 
hardier and nothing will transplant more readily 
than the wild grape. I have successfully trans- 
planted from the woods old vines that had climbed 
high into the treetops. There is one drawback, 
though not a very serious one: the leaves are as 
late as those of the ash in coming forth in spring, 
holding on, however, fairly well in fall. 

Dakota. L. C. MELLEr. 


Transplanting the Butterfly Weed 


jf the September, r909, issue of THE GARDEN 

MAGAZINE, on page 74, and under the head, 
“The Hardy Border,” you speak of the hundreds 
of attempts that have been made to introduce the 
butterfly weed (Asclepias, tuberosa) into gardens, 
etc., and that ‘‘no one knows how to handle it.’’ 
It may be that I and my neighbor have had excep- 
tionally good fortune, for we have both succeeded 
reasonably well in introducing the butterfly weed 
into our gardens in Olney, Philadelphia. 

Up until several years ago I knew next to nothing 
about plants or growing or caring for them, and 
do not consider that I have now any more than a 
mere smattering of knowledge in that field. For 
the past few years I have been especially industrious 
in the study, search for, and introduction into: my 
garden, of such perennial wild flowers as could be 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


accommodated and made to grow and thrive in the 
border garden in the rear of a 20x100 lot. Being 
very much occupied during the day and often busy 
during the evenings, I had but little time to devote 
to plants, and have so far just touched the fringe 
of the most delightful experience of gardening. 
But early in my career I tackled the butterfly weed, 
and in the fall of 1907 obtained several roots in 
Gloucester County, N. J., transplanted them into 
my garden, and was rewarded with a fair cluster 
of the beautiful orange blossoms of Asclepias tube- 
rosa in 1908, and a better cluster in 1909. 
My plan of action was as follows: Having located 
a good, hardy looking plant, I spaded carefully all 
around it and cleared as much of the very long 
and often abruptly branched root as possible before 
I had the misfortune to break it (the root is quite 
brittle and will endure but little handling); then I 
took the root I had and carefully wrapped it up in 
newspapers to keep out the sun and air and soaked 
the package thoroughly in water, and then, the 
same day, or perhaps the next day or two, always 
keeping the package containing the roots moist 
and cool, I planted the roots in soil made light by 
the addition of sand and leaf mold, in a situation 
where the plant would, when growing, get plenty of 
sun and air. I firmed the soil well around the roots 
and put a mulch of sphagnum moss or old leaves 
on top of the soil where the roots were planted. 
The roots were obtained in August or September 
about when the plants had finished blooming, or 
while the pod was still green. My success is not 
due to any superior knowledge I have of the butter- 
fly weed, but rather to a sort of belief that most 
anything can be moved if it is carefully handled, 
promptly transplanted, and given a habitat some- 
what similar to the one from which it is taken. 
Pennsylvania. ROBERT MAYER. 


A Garden Chart and Cabinet 


I HAVE been acting on your suggestion to make a 

chart of one’s garden in advance, but found 
it necessary to supplement your suggestions with 
ideas which may be valuable to others. 

I bought some paper with faint blue lines ruled 
both ways so as to form small squares, eight to an 
inch. I have taken each square to represent one 
square foot of my garden, which makes it quite easy 
to locate each row or hill for the different vegetables. 
I draw lines with red pencil to indicate each row, 
and each blue line is numbered consecutively also 
with red pencil. Ithen make a list of the vegetables 
and set alongside the names the number to corres- 
pond with the line on the chart, and opposite the 
name mark such data as I want; “‘when to plant,” 
“how deep,”’ “ how far apart,” “date planted,” etc. 

I paste the chart and list in an “‘every-day”’ file 
same as used in offices for filing papers, and take 
the whole in the garden for observation and such 
notes as are necessarv. It was inconvenient, how- 


This cabinet was large enough for all purposes and 
could be moved at will 


NovEMBER, 1909 


A home-made garden cabinet, easy to construct 
and of the greatest convenience 


ever, to write, as usually there is nothing handy 
to write on, so I devised a combination seed cabinet 
and stand. This is made in two separate parts. 
one consisting of four legs fastened by hinges 
to a flat wood strip, on which the cabinet rests. 
The leg section is 28 inches high and folds up to 
make it more convenient to carry. The cabinet 
consists of four drawers, three 3 inches high and 
one 5 inches high; the top one holds my charts 
and pencils, the next flower seeds, the next vegetable 
seeds and the bottom one small tools, ball of twine, 
wood stakes, measuring rule, etc. The whole 
measures 15 X15 in. and is 15 in. high. All of 
the cabinet is made of 3 in. wood except the top 
and bottom which are $ in. A strong cord is fas- 
tened at the back, which is provided with a loop 
which slips over a screw eye on the leg and prevents 
the cabinet tipping when the drawers are opened; 
and when I carry the cabinet it answers for a handle, 
being fastened to the knob of the bottom drawer. 
This also prevents the drawers slipping out. When 
the thing is set up it is high enough to write on. 
New Jersey. Louis G. BEERS. 


Where Dahlias Are Hardy 


AHLIA lovers in localities where the beauties — 


come up the second spring after planting, 
weathering severe winters with no other protection 
than a little mulch, or a flat stone, frequently have 
bright hopes dashed by the non-appearance of rich 
rank shoots confidently expected in the third spring. 
The first year’s growth is a set of fine fat tubers 
and beautiful plants. The second year brings 
another set of tubers and still finer plants, but 
it is probable that during the summer the first 
set of tubers has begun to decay, and this, continuing 
through fall and winter, forms a watery mass around 
those that are sound. Naturally this freezes easily 
and the life germ in the sound tubers is either 
killed or so enfeebled that only puny, disappointing 
plants appear. Here in Southeastern Kentucky the 
wisest plan seems to be to clear away the stalks 
after frost the first year, mulch thinly and lay a 
stone or plank on the hill, cultivate, feed and water 
plentifully through the second summer, thereby 
insuring a magnificent reward in plants and blos- 
soms; and in the fall dig and dry, re-setting in the 
following spring, being careful never to set where 
tubers have decayed. It seems to act as a poison 
in the soil to other dahlias. 


Kentucky. L. B. M. 


~~ < deon 


ee 


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AEC eee ere 


NoveEmBeER, 1909 


| Tot uced by ar 
‘Pyle thirty (30) years ago— 


) wonder to tl 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


ee OS 
and is far Superior to, and 
more Economical than tho 


THE FARM LIBRARY 


containing: ‘‘Soils,’’ ‘Farm Animals,” '‘Farm Management,” ‘‘Cotton.’’ Each 
illustrated from Breton Books Lit separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 


NEW YORK 


I} you wish to purchase live-stock 
write the Readers’ Service 189 


Very Special To Colonial-Lovers 


This Quaint Colonial “Irvington” Bureau-Desk 
At $65.00 


EASY 
ts 


on the prices for Colonial. The foregoing, 
authentic Wanamaker reproductions a very 


The 
“Trvington’’ Bureau-Desk 
No. D 424. Price $65. 


HE tremendously increasing demand for Colonial reproductions is 
merely a matter of the pendulum swinging back to Furniture of death- 
E@egs| less styles, plus good sentiment, quaintness, poetry, human interest, 
=~ comfort and utility. Such demand is having a ‘‘bullish’’ tendency 


and many other reasons, make 


decided asset. 


At the price of $65.00 this unique 
Bureau- Desk is an interesting 


P investment—when one considers 


the following specifications from 
our catalogue-folio “FORE - 
FATHERS’ FURNITURE” 
(containing four hundred and 
fifty-one styles) which we send 
on request to interested house- 
keepers. 


“Hepplewhite lines, slightly Queen Anne 
influence. A Bureau-Desk was used be- 
fore the days of National Banks, which 
accounts for some of the finer ones being 
equipped with secret drawers — hiding 
places ; it is considered good form to use 
them in any room, and they are frequent- 
ly used in the hall. There is perhaps no 
style of desk that is quite so quaint in a 
room furnished in odd pieces. The fronts 
of the drawers of this piece are slightly 
curved. Madeof finest Santa Anna figury 
mahogany; medium dark egg-shell finish. 
Width and height over all 33 inches by 
51 inches.” 


Additional Catalogues of 
HOME FURNISHINGS 


To responsible adults we will also send, 
without charge, carriage paid, any of the 
following folios, on request: ‘‘Palatial Fur- 
niture,” ‘‘Modern Furniture,’”’ “Handcraft 
Furniture,’ ‘‘ Metal Beds,” ‘“ Hygienic 
Bedding,” “Pianos,” ‘“‘China and Glass,”’ 
“Housekeeping Linens.”’ 


Our Advisory Bureau will also send suggestions, pictures, samples and prices for full room furn- 
ishing, if you will forward blue-print. Write for the ‘‘GUIDE BOOK.’ It’s free. Section H. 


JOHN WANAMAKER, NEW YORK 


ONE HUNDRED ACRES OF THE 


Here are a few of the many desirable varieties we have 


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Maples - - - 10“ 25 ‘‘ | Blue Spruce- - 
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Oriental Planes 10 ‘‘ 20 ‘“‘ | Austrian Pine 


All of this stock is of the usual high grade sent out by us. 


Telephone 530 Jamaica. 


QUEENS, 


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Long Island, within the limits of 
Greater New York, and is easily 
6 to 10 feet reached by the Long Island Rail- 
4 OG 8 Oo road, or by automobile over fine 


6 6é 10 66 macadamized roads. We are al- 
AG le ways very pleased to have pros- 
4 6 pective custoniers visit our Nursery 


and inspect the stock. 


LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 


What 7. Li tal ven 
190 suis eo enon ef (EIR IDISN MAGAZIN wf NOTA DE, O09 


Making Potting Soil 


eS our back yard stand two neatly painted four- 

bushel boxes, with hinged lids, and sides made 
of slats an eighth of an inch apart, which give.us 
two-fold service. At all times they furnish a com- 
fortable resting place, seat backs being supplied by 
slats tacked to the two saplings against which the 
boxes rest, and they are the treasure chests from 
which is drawn the support for our big yard full 
of lovely shrubs and flowers and our small garden 
of fine vegetables and fruits, which help out the | 
family living. One box is now full of rich, crumbly 
earth for fall re-potting and winter bulbs and | 


i number two will soon receive its consignment for 
_< <2 ba he) IbSealed Boxes ! Be Suger For Tea an Cotfee' J spring use, the earth in each always welts ready for | 
Z instant service. This supply is drawn from my 

treasure pen, hidden behind bushes in the garden, 
which is built of waste plank, is ten feet long, 
five wide, four high and is divided into two parts. 
We began with the fall months, got permission to 
remove the falling leaves from our street, and 


Plant for Immediate Effect these went into pen No. 1, and from this time 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS until the ensuing July we added old soil from pots 


and flower beds, sods, weeds, grass clippings, 


csisaisaemiisn ee ee 


Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty fexdleG) tilowiers) [eticlnon elise, Some si liedl coal ashes | 
a and all the wood ashes we could procure, all sweet- 
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. ened by liberal sprinklings of lime and moistened 


oye : b oa water from kitchen and laundry. 
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that aon Rae picnickers peteiae NS a woe 
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. earth, clay and sand, while, for a small sum, the | 
m produce man for our street brouayt in a few oe | 
of thoroughly decayed stable fertilizer. Until the 
Andorra Nurseri es end of Faby all ie was frequently forked over 
WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Box G. Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. and mixed and at that time this pen was loosely 
; covered with boards and we began to fill pen No. 2. 
In October the boxes are filled with the cream of 
the earth from the first pen, which serves for potting 
a large number of plants and bulbs for the winter 
and spring, having an abundance to make a fine 
seed-bed surface for outdoor flowers. We further 
arrange for spring work by clearing stalks and much 
of the flower bed soil into the pen, after frost has 
fallen, together with small leavings from the shrubs, 
and re-filling the beds with the coarser, partly 
decayed portion from pen No. 1, and by mulching 
the shrubs with the same. 
Kentucky. L. B. M. 


> net 


SS SSS 


FROM OCEAN 


“TO CONSUMER- 
Ladd Ad 
FOOD WITH THE OCEAN TASTE LET US BE YOUR FISHERMEN 


We will supply direct from the ocean to your Our line of sea foods is complete, including 
home the finest, the truly choicest, sea food that white, plump cod, fine juicy mackerel, tasty, 
the ocean produces. Never in your life, probably, | savory lobsters, etc.—a long list like the menu 
have you tasted morsels so tempting, so appetiz- of a shore dinner and everything the dest you 
ing—right from the depths and redolent of the ever tasted. 
crisp, salt tang of the sea. Send for price list, and to sample our products, 

When served inland, a dinner of our delicious take advantage of our 


ocean viands cause the guests to marvel that such 
Special Trial Offer 
For $1.00—A four pound box of our 
‘* Nabob’’ absolutely boneless Cod, the 


things can be—the taste is so ‘‘ different’? from 

the average fish-foods. The improvement in 
choicest cuts of the finest fish that can be 
taken from the sea. Four dinners for 


tablefare made possible by our service is a 
four persons. 


POTEET TOTO] 


revelation. 

We select the choicest products of the best 
catches from the finest fishing grounds. They 
are prepared and put up with scrupulous regard 
for cleanliness and tastefulness, and bring to your Prices include delivery and satisfaction 
table a flavor and delicacy unequaled. guaranteed, 


CONSUMERS FISH CO., No. 66 Commercial St., GLOUCESTER, MASS. ey 
, 


VILLA hdd ded Ld EEL EEL DILL LE STS 


LLLILLLLLLILO. 


LLLZ, 


Good Results from an Old Bulb 


pNG) experiment I tried last year with an old 
hyacinth bulb was surprising to me and 

may interest other bulb lovers. 
I had already put last year’s bulbs — those that 
had bloomed in the house —into the border for 
| spring blooming, and had buried in a trench many 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


Tit GAR DEN 


MAGAZINE 


For injormation about popular resorts 
write lo the Readers’ Service 


NOW SOLD ON SUBSCRIPTION 


THE 
GARDEN 
LIBRARY 


THE) 
GARDEN, GARDEN) 
LIBRARY) LIBRARY 
| 


Bis THE) THE THE 
GARDEN) GARDEN, CARDED GARDEN GARDEN GARDEN 
LIBRARY. UBRARY, LIBRARY LIBRARY) LIBRARY LIBRARY 


THE 


THE) ORCHARD” 


VESETABIE ; ile Hk 
© ROSESFERNSOABES WATER 
GARDEN HOUSE LAWNS Be he Dis ute 


PLANTS, 


Books Every Reader of The 
Garden Magazine Should Own 


The 
arden Library 


Complete in Nine Volumes 


HIS library marks a new era in garden literature, as it is the first series of low- 
priced, practical and beautifully illustrated handbooks on home gardening that 
has ever appeared in America. These volumes, written by competent author- 


ities on the subjects, are full of good, helpful advice and instruction for all who 
grow plants and flowers, and for those who take an interest in the maintenance 
and improvement of the country home grounds. 


The nine volumes in “The Garden Library” are uniformly bound in service- 
able green cloth, decorated; size, 5x75; profusely illustrated throughout, including 


many “how to’ pictures, planting tables, plans for gardens, etc. 
reference work on matters pertaining to the country home and grounds “The 
Garden Library” should occupy a place on your bookshelf. 
un a and synopsis of contents of each book is herewith given. 


DOUBLEDIN| DOUBLEDAY ! Eb on at 2 
yy OOUBLEDAY DOUBLEDMY DOUBLEDAY DOUBLEDAY DOUBLEDAY 
LEN ere Rey tae ean PAGE RGD PAGE PAGE SC 


Daf fodils— Narcissus and How to (ae Them 


All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs 
written from the standpoint of American conditions. 


I. Old-time and Modern Daffodils and Narcissus. II. Daffodils in the Garden Border. III. 
Flowering Daffodils in Winter. IV. Water Culture in the House. V. The Commercial Produc- 
tion of Cut Flowers. VI. Naturalizing in the Grass. VII. Miniature Daffodils fur the Rock Gar- 
den. VIII. The One Insect and One Disease. IX. Straightening Daftodil Nomenclature and 
Classification. X. The Large Trumpet Daffodils. XI. The I-esser Trumpet, Hoop-Petticoat and 
Cyclamen-flowered Daffodils. XII. The Medium-Crown Hybrids. XIII. The Pheasant’s Eye 
and Poet’s Hybrid Narcissus. XIV. The Sweet-scented Jonquils and Campernelles. XV. The 
Tender Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVI. Ihe Hardy Cluster-flowered Narcissus. 
Double Daffodils and Narcissus of all Groups, XVIII. Some Autumn Flowering Species. 
Hybridizing and Raising from Seed. 


House Plants and How to Grow Them 
By P. T. BARNES 
A manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home cultivation; their 
raising from seed and propagation in the window garden. 


I. How Other People Have Succeeded. II. Making the Soil Foundation. III. Potting and Re- 
potting. IV. Raising Plants from Seed. V. Propagation by Cutting, etc. WI. In Sickness and 
in Health. VII. Bulbs from Thanksgiving to Easter. VIII. The Winter Window Garden. IX. 
Flowering Plants. Tlouse Conditions. X. Roses, Carnations and Chrysanthemums. XI. Cac- 
tuses and Other Succulents. XII. NineIron Clad Palms. XIII. Foliage Plants other than Palms. 
XIV. Reliable Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms. NV. Window Gardening Tools and Accessories. 
XVI. Forcing with Ether. XVII. A Window Gardener's Calendar. 


The Flower Garden 


By iDA D. BENNETT 
“A clear and concise summary of every possible sort of information that 
might be desired by anyone interested in gardens.’’ Scientific American. 

I. The Location and Arrangement of the Garden. IJ. Soils. III. Fertilizers, IV. The Hot- 
bed, Coldframe and Sand-box. V. Purchasing of Seeds. VI. Starting Seeds in Flats. VII. Trans- 
planting and Repotting. VIII. House Plants from Seeds. IX. Outside Window Boxes. X. 
Various Annuals from Seed. XJ. Vines. XII. Ornamental Foliage Plants from Seed. XIII. 
Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants. XIV, Aquatics. XV. The Care of the Summer Rose-bed. 
XVI. The Hardy Lily-bed. XVII. The Care of Cannas, Caladiums, Dahlias, and Other Bulbs 
During Winter. XVIII. Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting. XIX. Winter Protection. 
XX. The Care of House Plants in Winter. XXI. Common and Knglish Names of Flowers. 
XXII. Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubs and Plants. XXIII. A Chapter of Odds and 
Ends. XXIV, A Chapter of Don'ts. 


The Vegetable Garden 


By IDA D. BENNETT 
This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the 
small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and gar- 
den tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information. 


‘I. The Sanitary and Economic Value of the Kitchen Garden. II. The Location of the Garden. 
III. Planning the Garden. IV. How to Maintain Fertility. V. The Construction and Care of 
Hotbeds, Coldframes, and Pits. VI. On the Sowing of Seed. VII. Transplanting. WIII. Tools 
Which Make Gardening Easy. IX. On the Growing of Various Vegetables. X. Root Vegetables. 
XI. Vine Vegetables and Fruits. XII. Greens and Salad Vegetables. XIII. Perennial Vegetables. 
X1V. Storing Vegetables in Winter. XV. Tne Garden's Enemies. XVI. Fall Work in the Garden. 


The Orchard and Fruit Garden 


By E. P. POWELL 
Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit bearing trees and 
bushes. ‘‘This thoroughly practical volume embodies all the latest developments, 
and sums up all available information on the selection of fruits.’’ New York 


World. 
Part First — THE ORCHARD. I. The Apple. 


XVII. 
XIX. 


II. The Apple Varieties. III. The Apple — 
Handling and Marketing. IV. The Pear.- V. The Plum. VI. The Cherry. VII. the Quince. 
VIII. The Peach. IX. The Apricot. X. The Grape. XI. Citrus Fruits. XII Figs, Dates and 
Olives. XIII. Pineapple, Banana and other Tropical Fruits. XIV. Undeveloped Fruits. XV. 
Nuts and Nut Trees. 

Part Second— THE FRUIT GARDEN, II, The Currant. III. The 
Strawberry. IV. The Raspberry. VI. The Gooseberry. VII. The Cran- 
berry. VIII. Neglected Berries. 

Part Third — CULTURAL DIRECTIONS. 
Mulching, Fertilizing, Cover Crops. 
Orchard and Fruit Garden. 


I, The Fruit Garden, 
V. The Blackberry. 


I. Windbreaks, Drainage, Irrigation. II. Pruning, 
Ill. Spraying. 1V. Bees, Birds, Fowls, Animals —in the 
V. Harvesting and Marketing. VI. Plant Breeding. 


As a ready 


A brief description 


Roses and How to Grow Them 
By MANY EXPERTS 
The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with 
American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country. 


I. When, Where and How to Plant. II. The Routine of Work. III. Pruning. IV. Insects, 
Diseases, and Spraying. V. The Rosarian’s Calendar. WI. Roses for Cut Flowers Under Glass 
VII. Typesand Races. VIII. Roses for Special Purposes. 1X. Roses of American Origin. 


Ferns and How to Grow Them 
By G. A. WOOLSON 
The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem 
of growing the native ferns of onr Eastern woods. With table of synonomy. 


I. The Life of a Fern. II. Where Hardy Ferns Can Be Grown. III. Ferns in the Mixed 
Border. IV. Rockwork for Ferns. V. Hardy Ferns for Indoor Culture, and How to Select 
Them. VI. Ferns in the Living Room During Winter. VII. Fern Rockeries Indoors. VIII. 
Fern Culture Under Bell Glasses and in the Wardian Case. IX. Exotic Ferns without a Green- 
house. X. Aerial Fern Culture. XI. Ferns for Special Purposes. 


Lawns and How to Make Them 


By LEONARD BARRON 
The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the ornamen- 
tal lawn from a purely practical standpoint. For the first time the whole truth 
about lawn seed mixtures is popularly explained. 


I. Renovating the Old Lawn. II. How to Make a Lawn Once for All. 
Grading. IV. Which Is Better: Turf or Seed? 
Watering. VI. How to Feed a Lawn. 
The Truth About “Lawn Mixtures.” 
Subtropical Regions. XI. 
Pictures. 
Grasses. 


Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them 


By H. S. CONARD and HENRI HUS 
A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other 
aquatics by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural de- 
tails and and making of ponds and small gardens. 
I. Where Water Gardens Can Be Made. 


Ill. Economical 
V. The Fine Art of Mowing, Rolling and 
VII. Solving the Weed Problem, Insects, etc. VIII. 
IX. Seed Mixtures for Special Purposes. X. Lawns for 
The Best Lawn Tools and Their Use. XII. How to Make Lawn 
XIII. The Peculiar Requirements of Putting Greens. XIV. Guide to the Best Lawn 


2 ‘ a II. Economical Pond Construction. III. 
Soils | and Planting Out. IV. Wintering and Propagating. V. Seed Saving and 
Starting. VI. Raising New Varieties. VII. The Hardy Water-lilies. VIII. 
The Tender Day Blooming Water-lilies. IX. The Night Blooming Water-lilies. 

X. Growing the Giant Victorias. XI. Iotuses, Wat-r Hyacinths and Other 


Choice Aquatics. XII. Water Gardens Under Glass. XIII. Enemies and 
Send Only 50 Cents with Order 
The Garden Li- 
extra charge, one year’s subscrip- 
scriber we shall be glad 
magazine to a 


Friends. XIV. Pond Surroundings, Windbreaks and Accessory Plants. Doubleday, 
S ecial To all who send us an 
P 
brary we will 
tion to The Garden Magazine. 
to extend the subscrip- 
friend. 


Page & 
Company 


{33 E. loch St. New York 


GENTLEMEN: Enclosed 

find 50 cents for which send 

me The Garden Library in nine 
yolumes and enter the name of 


f for one year’s subscription to The 
Garden Magazine. If the books are 
satisfactory I agree to pay $1.00 a month 
for nine months, and if the books are not 
satisfactory I will return them and you will 
refund my first payment. 


XV. Water-lilies for Special Purposes. 
immediate order for 
add, without 
If you are already a sub- 
tion or send the 


191 


For information about live-stock 
write lo the Readers’ Service ith H E G A R D E N M A G AZ I N E 


THis Is ONE OF, [HOSES Eiigaiae 
TWO COMPARTMENT GREENHOUSES, 


50 FEET LONG, 18 FEED ioe 


As far as the outside of this greenhouse is concerned, the result is certainly most attractive. 

Inside, it is the perfection of indoor gardening conditions. One fine, roomy, three-bench 
compartment with every inch growing flowers; while its mate is divided off for vegetables such 
as are so often difficult to buy in the winter. Even if you can buy them, they have a disap- 
pointing, wilty kind of taste. There is nothing like having fresh things — fresh from your 
own greenhouse garden. 

This one is built right on a steep side hill, which easily made possible a splendid storage 
room underneath for bulbs and dormant plants, besides leaving ample space for a double 
tier of mushroom beds. 

And now a word about buying a greenhouse. Are you going to? Very well, then cut 
out your local carpenter and builder for the present, and talk it over carefully with us, as 
greenhouse builders. Having us build it may cost a bit more to start with, but you will save 
a good bit to end with. 

Let us have a little correspondence on the question; give us an opportunity to send you 


printed matter that will give you exactly the facts and figures you need just now. 


LORD AND BURNHAM COMPANY 


IRVINGTON 


Have Flowers 


All Winter 


Grow them in this greenhouse. It costs 
only $250 complete, ready for immediate 
erection. Shipped knocked down, glass 
all in. Any handy man can put it up. 
Price includes benches, radiating pipes, 
boiler and all. No extras. Made from 
best of cypress, iron braced. No founda- 
tions needed, is bolted to iron posts. Per- 
fectly portable, take it with you if you 
move. First time a full-fledged, practical 
gzreenhouse has ever been offered so low. 
We make them by the hundreds—Thor- 
oughly Guaranteed. Ship them every- 
where. Get it before a freeze comes. 
Send for booklet. 


Hitchings & Company 


1170 Broadway, New York 


NEW YORK 
N. Y. BOSTON 


PHILADELPHIA 
CHICAGO 


WITH OR 


SUN-DIALS wns 
PEDESTALS 


Send for illustrated 
price list H 29 
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. 
Chicago, Ill, 
New York Office, 1123 Broadway 


647 Boylston St., Boston, 
Mass., offers a unique oppor- 
tunity for the selection of gar- 
denaccessories in artificial stone, forlarge 
estates, formal gardens or small home 
gardens. On exhibition and for sale 
are sun dials, benches, urns, columns, 
gazing globes, tables, balustrades and 
fountains. Particular attention is given 


tothe ornamentation ofcity yard gardens. 


We shall be glad tosend a book of prices and 
illustrations of the garden accessories, which 
will enable you to order by mail. 

The firm desires also to announce that it 
makes and has made for years a specialty of 
fine interior decoration for town and country 
houses, libraries, churches and theatres. 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 
647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. 


NovEMBER, 1909 


pots of tulips, hyacinths and narcissus for the win- 
ter’s house supply, when late in October there was 
found in the cellar, on top of a box of earth, an old 
bulb, evidently one of the hyacinths that had been 
forced last year. It did not look in a very prom- 


| ising condition, and I had been told that it was of 


no use to try to force a bulb a second year. 

However, I had one empty hyacinth glass, and I 
decided to try an experiment. I put the bulb in 
the glass with the proper amount of water, and left 
it in a dark, cool closet until about January 7th. 
Then, the roots being well grown, I brought it into 
the light and later into sunshine. It proved to be 
a Pieneman hyacinth. 

By January 14th it showed three blossom stalks, 
and by January 26th there were three spikes of 
beautiful blue bells — one of eleven bells, one of six 
and the third (which came from a very small bulb 
at the side) three bells, each two inches across. 

My other bulbs were perfect last year, and gave 
me abundant flowers in continuous succession from 
December roth to the latter part of March; but none 
give me more actual pleasure than the one that was 
such an unexpected success. 


Massachusetts. M. F. B. 


House Bulbs from Thanksgiving 
to March for One Dollar 


I AM surprised to find how few people realize 

the very small amount of trouble and expense 
required to produce excellent effects with bulbs in 
the house. 

The polyanthus narcissus (Paper White grandi- 
flora) gives the most immediate result and with the 
least care of any bulb. The accompanying pic- 
ture is of a bowl of ten bulbs, planted November 
26th, taken when they were in full bloom, Decem- 
ber 2ist. 

Fill a bowl three-quarters full of small pebbles, 
mixing in one or two pieces of charcoal to keep the 
water pure. Set the bulbs on the pebbles, working 
them in a little so that they will stand upright, until 
their roots grow, and so close that they almost touch. 
Fill the bowl with water and set in a dark place, 
keeping it full of water. Care must be taken 
that the bulbs be kept in a perfectly upright 
position until the roots are formed. At the end of 
a week, or when you see that the roots have begun 
to take hold of the pebbles, move the bowl from the 
closet, but do not put it into direct sunlight. At 
the end of a day or two put it in a sunny window, 
and from then on no care is required except to keep 
the bowl full of water. It is of great importance 
that the bulbs should stand level with the window, 
otherwise the stems try to reach up to the light 
and become long and spindly and not strong 
enough to support theirown weight. This narcissus 
is in every way more satisfactory and more certain 
to bloom than the better-known Chinese lily. This 
instance of quick blooming is not an isolated case 


Me 


These bulbs of Paper White narcissus. planted Nov- 
ember 26th, were in full bloom December 21st 


The Readers’ ice will giv 
NOVEMBE r, 1909 qp H E G A R D E N M A G AZINE aes Gulepobiles 193 


A “Nature Garden” mixture so selected as 
to produce a luxuriant field of bloom for six 
weeks’ duration. 

An assortment of Daffodills, Jonquils and 
> Narcissi, of four distinct varieties so arranged 
that only one kind blooms at a time, produc- 

per ing a beautiful, continuous floral harmony. 

The ideal material for the Wild Garden, old fashioned 
» borders, woodlands and grass-plots. 

We offer Rawson’s “Nature Garden” mixture 


100 bulbs for 
1,000 “ 
10,000 “ 


Free delivery to any express office in the United States 


Ask for Rawson’s Bulb Handbook for 1909, 
the most elaborate ever published by us. 


W. W. RAWSON & CO. soston'mass. 


a, 
a 
- 
” 


Of the many varieties of 

Iris or Fleur-de-Lis which 

we offer none is more 

beautiful than the Mourn- 
ing Iris here illustrated. We 


| describe it as follows: 
lied : In that wonderful combi- 
nation of form and coloring 
14 of the rare sweet flower we call 


the Iris (the eye of heaven) there 
is none so peculiarly beautiful as 


» S 
: Susiana or Mourning Iris. It stands 
One customer writes under date of Ma ER dies or adest 


March 30th, this VW Calne of all species. The ground-work of 


the flower is silvery-gray, so mottled and 


“Dutch Bulbs purchased of you veined and lined with dark chocolate and 
last fall are producing beautiful black as to leave one under the impression 


” that it is only a silver lining showing 
blooms. through. It is perfectly hardy without the 


slightest protection, blooming early in the 


Buy of the direct importer and you spring, 
will no doubt get the same results No description can do it justice. It must 


next spring. be seen to be appreciated. 


12 cents each $1.25 per dozen 
Beautifully Mlustrated Catalogue Mailed Free $8.00 per 100 


But send for our Autumn Catalogue which 
J. M. THORBURN & CO. offers many others as well as a complete line of 
Dept. G. 1 Spring Flowering Bulbs. Free on application. 
33 Barclay St. and 38 Park Place, NEW YORK CITY HENRY A. DREER 214:Shsgreisé 


For information about popular resorts 
write to the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


NovEmMBeER, 1909 


cee 


Suppose 


You Want to Plant 


an O 


Large or small ; for supplying fruit to market in car lots, or furnishing it to the kitchen by the peck or half-bushel—do 
you know how to go about it ? How to determine the right location and soil, how to set the trees and to care for them, 
and how the fruit can be best shipped and sold ? 


‘How to Grow Fruit’ Tells How in a Way 
That You Can Understand 


It’s a 32-page book that contains the best of our experience, gathered through more than twenty years in raising and 
selling fruit trees and producing fruit. It is sound, practical, sensible—a quality book, just as Harrison’s Trees are 


quality trees. 

“How to Grow Fruit’ will be 
sent to any address for 25 cents, 
postpaid. To intending purchasers r 
of orchard stock, however, we will 
send a copy free of charge, upon 
request. 


Be 2 TOPUy. Ws 
e e 

Time to Plant Privet 
For years you have planned to set a hedge of 
California Privet—sometime. Don’t put it offany 
lonzer—you can buy the choicest stock to splen- 
did advantage right now—and to be sure of get- 
ting what you want, 


Order from a 5! 
California Privet Specialist! W/ 


This Privet makes the most attractive and serviceable 
fence you can have—its first cost is reasonable; it 
does not rust out or become unsightly, like a fence 
of wood or metal. It is a real home beauti- 
fier. I make a business of growing Privet 
uncommonly well; I grow it by the million. 
No time to lose now—send in your order 
and I guarantee it will be filled to 
your satisfaction. Particulars 
gladly furnished. 


C. AS BENNETT 


Wy 
we sa 


ay 3 
21} 


A trusty guide tosuccess with roses 77g 
out of doors. Invaluable to every Cheb 

lover of the Queen of Flowers. 
Mailed for toc. Box 24-T. 


Write us now for quick attention, addressing 
Desk to. 


9 


J.G-HARRISON 3 SONS 
BERLIN 


Just as valuable in its depart- 
ment is a companion book on Or- 
namental Stock, entitled ‘‘How to 
Plant about the Country Home.” 
Price, 25 cents, postpaid—free to 
you if you expect to buy. 


i ae 
WATER ON TAP 


Always and eyerywhere you want it, pumped from stream, pond or 
spring. No expense for power, no trouble, no repairs, water raised 30 feet 
for every foot of fall, when you install a 


FOSTER svt: RAM 


sold with written Guaranty of Satisfaction or your 
money back and freight refunded. Thousands used — 
all highly endorsed. 

EREE BOOK. shows how to install, gives full 
Particulars and valuable water-supply — sugges- 
tions. Prices and plans 
for your needs furnished 
gladly. 


« 
WY, % PQ 
PROPRIETORS 
. MARYLAND E 


Power Specialty Co. 
2135 Trinity Bldg., 
New York City, N. Y. 


COOPER’S SPRAY FLUIDS 
APTERITE —SOIL FUMIGANT 


For 1909 Booklet ‘““G”’ containing testimony of American, 
Canadian and British Fruitgrowers write 


Cyril Francklyn, 62 Beaver St., New York City, N. Y. 
or sole manufacturers 


WILLIAM COOPER & NEPHEWS, 64 Illinois St.,Chicago 


THE ROOFING THAT RESISTS 


Send to J. A. & W. BIRD & CO. 
29 India Street, Boston, Mass. 


FOR BOOKLET ON REX FLINTKOTE ROOFING 


Nothing else gives such life and staying quality to a 
roofing as Trinidad Lake asphalt. 


Genasco 
Ready Roofing 


is made of Trinidad Lake asphalt and gives lasting resistance to 


sun, air, rain, heat, cold, and fire. 


what your roofing is made of. 


It is mighty important to know 


Be sure you see the Genasco trademark and get the roofing with a thirty-two-million-dollar 


guarantee. Mineral and smooth surface. 


Write for the Good Roof Guide Book and samples. 
THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY 


Largest producers of asphalt and largest 
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world 


PHILADELPHIA 


San Francisco Chicago 


but I have had equal.success for several years. I 
have tried the other varieties of polyanthus nar- 
cissus, but have found them much less satisfactory. 

Another very desirable house bulb is the French 
Roman hyacinth. I have tried growing it both 
in pebbles and water, and in pots. Both methods 
were successful, but the bulbsin pots seemed to give 
better results with more even and fuller bloom. 

The pot culture for these and also for the double 
daffodils is as follows: Use low bulb pots, filled 
with a mixture of sand, rich earth, and a little well- 
rotted stable manure, setting the bulbs almost touch- 
ing each other and so that a very little of the nose 
shows above the earth after watering. In order to 
keep them as cool as possible the pots are buried in 
coal ashes on the north side of the house, and kept 
there until it gets so cold that there is danger of the 
ashes freezing solid, making lifting very difficult. 
They are then placed in the cellar (as far as pos- 
sible from the furnace) and covered with boxes. 
first watering thoroughly. The boxes should be 
raised about an inch from the floor to insure venti- 
lation, and the bulbs watered once every two weeks, 
the box remaining in the cellar until a good 
root development is obtained, which varies with 
different bulbs They should then be brought up- 
stairs into the living room, and after a day or two 


of subdued light, can be brought into the sunlight. 


Another most satisfactory bulb for house culture 
is the double daffodil (Van Sion), which, owing 
to its slower growth, blooms after the other’ bulbs 
are over. These must be forced in pots:. I have 
six bulbs in each pot and they carry twelve to fif- 
teen blooms. 

The following table will show how a succession 
of bloom may be obtained from Thanksgiving to 
March at a cost of one dollar: 


Name Bulbs Planted Fr.cellar Inbloom Cost 
Paper White Narcissus..6 Oct. 13 


Paper White Narcissus..8 Noy. 10 Dec. 12 ‘4b 
Paper White Narcissus..6 Nov. 26 Dec. 21 .104 
NACHO. s5cacessas0ce 6 Oct. ro Dec.12 Jan. 3. .25 
Paper White Narcissus..8 Dec. 26 Jan. 21.14% 
Dounle Daffodils....... 6 Oct. 5 Jan. 15 Feb. 6 25 
$1.00 
Philadelphia. M. W. 


Te BAC 


See ae 


K 


Succession in the Garden 


ii important positions near the windows of the 

country home, people want flowers early, late, 
and all the time and neither bedding out of gerani- 
ums, etc., nor the usual herbaceous border gives 
them that. Of course most people know they can 
have bulbs to begin with. In my garden hyacinths 
are followed by forget-me-nots, planted in autumn; 
these latter are removed in June to put in heliotrope 
and tobacco. The hyacinths stayed in for three 
years, when they became small and were replaced 
by new ones. 

Another combination is chionodoxa (which 
blooms earlier than hyacinths in April) and yellow 
tulips, followed by cornflowers. These sow them- 
selves and last in bloom a very long time if the seedy 
ones are cut off now and then. With us the 
goldfinches help by eating off the seeds and 
they look lovely doing it. In September the 
cornflowers are thrown away and hardy chrysan- 
themums, grown for the purpose in a bit of reserve 
ground, are moved in. This can be done without 
their even wilting on a gray day and if well watered 
in and they will be covered with bloom even after 
the ground is white with snow. 


New York. VERONICA. 


= Sa 


Se on alll 


Write to the Readers’ Service for 


NOVEMBE rR, 1909 a H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N E suggestions about garden furniture 195 


The 
Elizabeth Shippen 


Plan 


One of our circulation men made 
the statement that we were just a 
little selfish in not giving the young 
women the same opportunity we 
were extending to the young men 
in our offers of ‘‘ Liberal Commis- 
sions to the young men who success- 
fully introduce COUNTRY LIFE IN 
AMERICA, THE WORLD’S WoRK and 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE to their 
facnds. 7 


We told this young man we didn’t think 
the gentle sex could do it as well— not that 
we doubted their ability to do almost anything 
men can do, but it seemed like man’s work, 
and we therefore couldn’t cometoan agreement 
with our colleague. Not the least discouraged, 
however, he tried out his theory in Pennsyl- 
vania, and in the Keystone state he met a 
young lady who thought the plan a good one. 
She went into it actively and with a great 
deal of enthusiasm, and in a month or so of 
spare-time work she secured enough subscrip- 
tions to our magazine to net her over one 
hundred dollars in profit andsalary. Ofcourse, 
we bowed our heads in frank admission that 
the idea was a good one, and since that time 
we have extended it generally with good results. 


We offer you the same kind of an oppor- 
tunity we gave this young woman, and we will 
pay you well in commissions for your time. You 
have many friends who do not read our maga- 
zines and by simply introducing the subject 
during the afternoon call or at other opportune 
times, subscriptions can be obtained without any 
difficulty. 

If you are interested, write to our circulation depart- 
ment and they will tell you how this Pennsylvania girl 
did it, and how you can work out the same plan 


right in your own community. Merely ask for the 
“Elizabeth Shippen Plan.”’ 


Doubleday, Page & Company 


142 East 16th Street, New York City 


Than is delivered by any 

More W ater other style of pump and 

25 to 3314% more water 

than is raised by any other pump of the 
same type is produced by the 


“‘American’’ Centrifugal Pump 


It’s because the impeller is accurately g=—s 
machined to the casing, there is no sudden “]HExe 
change of direction of the 
water in passing thru the 
pump, and the entire Was 
mechanical efficiency con- 
tributes directly to the 
raising of water. ‘‘Amer- 
ican’’ Centrifugals are 
guaranteed rigidly. Ask 
for our new catalog. ies 

The American Well Works, Office and Works, Aurora, Ill. 

First National Bank Building, Chicago. 

Reinecke, Wagner Pump & Supply Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 


= ATT ND OTT 


give a finishing touch to any occasion where they are 
served, whether for tea, at luncheon or with the 
after-dinner coffee. 


We want you to realize how far superior Educator 
Crackers are over other kinds, and in order that you may 
prove this to yourself and every member of your family, if 
you will forward us your name and address (and if conyen- 
ient, the name of your grocer), we will send you 


An Assorted Box Free and Postpaid 


jer There is quite a variety of Educator Crackers, and 
$ the most popular kinds are packed in the box we will 
send you. The Educator Wafer, a crisp, thin entire 
wheat, water cracker, is unequaled when served with 
tea and ices. And the Educator Toasterette, the 
only cracker of its kind made—is toasted, buttered 
and salted. Its flavor is distinctive. 


After you and all your family have tried the Educator 
Crackers contained in this sample box, order the hinds 
you like best from your grocer. If he hasn*t them 
and won't get them for you, order from us direct. 


JOHNSON EDUCATOR FOOD CO. 
227 TREMONT STREET 
BOSTON, MASS. 


LL a 


ORIGINAL “CUTAWAY” TOOLS 


Clark’s One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow is made reversible to 
throw the soil either to or from the plant. It is especially desirable for the 
small garden, truck or market garden’s use. 

This tool is used extensively among gardeners, and in Florida it is also 
used for orchard culture. It’s a great labor saver. 


Made in Three Sizes: 


No. O, 1 horse with two gangs of 5 14 inch disks each. 

No. OO, Light 2 horse, two gangs, 6 14 inch disks each, ‘ 

No. OOO, Heavy 2 horse, two gangs, 7 14 inch disks each. 

Send today for our FREE, booklet describing 120 styles and sizes of 
Cutaway Tools. 


CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 


902 Main Street Higganum, Conn. 


avigating the Air 


PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES 
OF THE AERO CLUB OF AMERICA 


“THE personal experiences of twenty-four men 
who are distinguished to-day in the art and 
science of flying. This book gives for the first 
time an authentic summary of the present state of 
this new science. Among the contributors are: 


Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, the Wright Brothers, 
Lieut. Lahm, John P. Holland, and many other 


famous aéronautical specialists. 


Thirty-two pages of photographs showing wmportant devel- 
opments in aerial navigation. Net $1.50 (postage, 15c.) 


Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 E. 16th St. N. Y. 


Ij a problem grows in your garden write to 
196 the Readers’ Service for assistance 


A copy of our complete descriptive 
catalogue 


“A Guide to Good Books” 


will be sent to any reader on request 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 


133 East Sixteenth Street 
NEW YORK CITY 


No more danger or damage from flying 
sparks, No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- 
place screens. Send for free booklet 
oe “« Sparks from the Fire-side.’”’ It tells about 
AZ the best kind of a spark guard for your in- 
B, dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free 
>) booklet and make your plans early. 


The Syracuse Wire Works 
103 University Avenue, = Syracuse, N. Y. 


Grow Mushrooms 
Delightful Occupation—Delicious Deli- 
cacy for the Home Table and a Good 


Income If You Wish. 

I have shown thousands of men and women how to grow 
mushrooms succesfully. Most all of them are now in the 
business growing for profit and making a good income without 
interfering with their regular occupation with this wonderful, 
easy, pleasant pastime. JI hope soon that a mushroom bed will 
be as common as vegetable gardens. 

I have written a little book which gives truthful, reliable, experienced 
information about mushroom culture, where mushrooms can be grown, how 
to have a mushroom bed in your cellar, etc. It also tells about spawn and 
how to secure really reliable spawn. I shall gladly send you this book Free. 

If you have never tried mushroom growing, or if you have tried and failed, 
write for my free book in which I will show you beyond the shadow of a 
doubt that you can have a fine mushroom bed. Address 


A. V. JACKSON, Jackson Mushroom Farm 
3264 North Western Ave. Chicago, Ill. 


Hints for the Season 


Vo0R evergreens will be healthier and grow faster 

if you will clean all the specimens on the lawn. 
Only the tips of the branches are alive. The rest 
of the tree is full of dead twigs and rubbish which 
harbor insects over winter. 

Do not mow the lawn again in spots that hold 
water after rains or in places where the grass 
is likely to die in winter. 

If you wish to try your hand at propagating 
trees and shrubs from cuttings now is a good time. 

It is no use to plant dead roots. When planting 
trees trim neatly all bruised and dried roots. 

To protect newly planted trees from field mice 
in places where the snow lies deep a long while, 
paint the trees from the ground up to height of 
eighteen inches. Use white lead and boiled linseed 
oil. 

Do not divide your iris clumps now or you may 
lose a year of bloom. Propagate all kinds of iris 
directly after they bloom. 

The deeper you dig the ground and the rougher 
you leave it over winter the more insects you will 
kill and the mellower the soil will be in spring. 

The chances are now that your land would be 
greatly improved by liming. Spread on fresh air- 
slaked lime at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. 
October and November are the best months. 

Two sprayings a year for San José Scale should 
keep any private place in good order. The fall 
spraying is more effective than the spring. Even 
in the winter the scales do damage. The spring 
spraying should kill every live scale. 

Thin blackberry and raspberry plants. Dig up 
the old roots. : 

Plow, spade or trench the vegetable garden. 
But first cover it with fresh manure and turn that 
in. If you want earlier vegetables practice fall 
plowing. 

Do not leave any mummied fruits on the trees. 
They spread disease. 

A “dead man,” such as the telephone companies 
use, is desirable when planting large trees. Stakes 
are not strong enough in many cases. Twenty 
foot conifers will break a seven-strand cable and 
blow down in storms. ‘ 

One reason why large evergreens lose their lower 
branches is that the trees are exhausting the soil. 
Dress the ground heavily with cow manure. ~ 

Clean up the garden and fields, and clear out the 
long grass, weeds and bushes from all fence corners.* 
Cut down the wild cherry trees, which are very apt 
to harbor tent caterpillars. 

Thrust labels down deeper so that they will not 
be heaved out during or after the winter. 

The mania for neatness causes many fine lawn 
trees to starve. In the forest trees and shrubs 
get plenty of humus because the autumn leaves 
are not carted off. If you remove the leaves now, 
you should dig in leaf mold next fall. 

Brussels sprouts are rather strong flavored until 
after a killing frost. They should be at their best 
now. It is a lot of work to raise them and prepare 
them for the table, but they are mighty good to eat. 


Burn the refuse left from the summer’s crops and 
all weeds and diseased plants 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovemMBeER, 1909 


The Success of 
MAKAROFF 


RUSSIAN 
CIGARETS 


has brought out a host of imitations. If 

_ you ever tried one of them you probably haven't 
much use for a Russian cigaret. A lot of people 
have asked for Makaroffs and gotten something 
else—not always the dealer's fault, because we 
haven't been able to supply everybody until now. 
Now there’s no excuse for the dealer. He has 
them or can get them instanter from his jobber. 
Say “MAKAROFF” to your dealer today 
and treat yourself to a clean, pure smoke of real 


tobacco and nothing else. 
Plain, cork-tip or mouthpiece. Fifteen Cents and a Quarter. 


BURPEES ee 


“Leading American Si 
Catalog,’’ for 1909, address BURPEE, Philadelphia. 


Ask your dealer for 
ELECTRIC GARDEN HOSE 


The Corrugated Hose made in Wilmington, 
Delaware. Identify by the red label on every length. 


ORCHIDS 


Largest importers and growers of 
OrcHIDs in the United States 


LAGER & HURRELL 
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. 


Horsford’s Hardy Bulbs 


FOR AUTUMN PLANTING 
Lilies fresh from the beds, Trilliums, Dogtooth Violets 
or Addertongues, Tulips, Crocuses, Hyacinths, Daffodils, 
Shrubs, Trees, Vines. Ask for Autumn Supplement if 
interested in hardy things that can stand a Vermont 


winter. 
F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont. 


FAIRFAX ROSES 


CANNOT BE EQUALLED Gatalaeneger 
W.R. GRAY Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX, CO., VA. 


be erry Pictures 


BEAUTIFUL FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS 
Reproductions of the World’s Great Paintings 


Suitable for all ages & 


ONE CENT 


each for 250r more. Size 5% 
x8. (6 to ro times the size of 
this Madonna.) Send 2sc. for 
25 art subjects, or 25 for children 
or 25 Kittens or 25 Madonnas, or 
$1.00 for the four sets, or for Art 
Set of roo pictures. 

SEND TO-DAY two 2-cent 
stamps for Catalogue of 1,000 
miniature illustrations, 2 pictures 
and a colored Bird Picture, and 
select gifts NOW, before our 
Holiday rush, 


The Perry Pictures Co. 
Box 1460 Malden, Mass. 


=e 


rt E 


or 60 ? 


You can get a mod- 
ern cream separator 
—a Sharples Dairy 
Tubular—with noth- 
ing in the bowl ex- 
ceptthe piece shown 
here on the thumb. 

Or you can get an 
out-of-date separa- 
tor with 40 to 60 
disks in the bowl, 
as shown below; or 
one filled with other contrivances—all 
needless in a modern machine. 


For easy cleaning, ¥ 
durability and efficiency 
you'll take the Tubular. 
World’s biggest sep- 


NovEMBER, 1909 


factories in Canada 
and Germany. 


é Z/AN 
AIRS > ATS ATR 
Sales exceed WRVAT Aes 


Ais 4, 


Write for 
catalogue 
No. 215 


THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CHESTER, PA. 
Chicago, II1.,San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore. 
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can. 


WITH THE 
“EMPIRE KING” 
and bugs, worms, blight, etc., will have no 


terrors for yo. Best construction, perfect agitators, 

no scorched foliage. We make all sizes and styles of Gasoline 
Engine Sprayers. Free Book on Spraying, Agents wanted. 

FIELD FORCE PUMP C0. 48 Eleventh St., Elmira, N. Y. 


“BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” 


tells the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect. 
Shows how to improve your property. Free. Write today. 


OVET LANDSCAPE SERVICE 


Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. 


Best Hedge Plants 


California Privet, Berberis Thunbergii 
American Arbor Vitae 
Hemlock, Spruce 
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL DETAILS 
“ Not How Much, But How Well’ 

Write for List 
MARTIN H. MUSSER, 38 Cottage Ave., Lancaster, Pa. 


Landscape Gardening 


A course for Home-makers and 
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig 
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell 
University. 

Gardeners who understand up-to- 
date methods and practice are in 
demand for the best positions. 


A knowledge of Landscape Gar- 
dening is indispensable to those 
who would have the pleasantest 
homes. 


Pror. CRAIG 


250 page catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass. 


GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


rere nro STE 


I} you wish injormation about dogs 
apply to the Readers’ Service 


197 


re 


What Decoration Can Do to 
Make a Bedroom Beautiful 


HIS is a black-and-white reproduction 

of the decorator’s colored drawing 

showing one of the bedrooms in our 

Model House treated with Sherwin- 
Williams Products. 

If you look at the colored reproduction in 
our Model House portfolio, you will be charmed 
with the attractiveness of this bedroom. In 
doing this you must not overlook the fact that 
this issimply an ordinary square bedroom, with- 
out any attractive architectural details such as 
are found in thousands of houses all over the 
countrytoday. The attractiveness of theroom is 
due to the judicious and intelligent use of color. 

The ceilings and walls are treated with 
Flat Tone, the frieze is stenciled, the floor is 
hard pine stained, the woodwork is enameled 
white. Then with the selection of draperies 
and rugs suggested by our Decorative Service, 


“Stencils and Stencil 
Materials”’ is the title 
of a little book which 
tells how to decorate 
with stencils. It is 
sent free. 


SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 
PAINTS & VARNISHES 


a room is produced that is not only far from 
commonplace, but is also as delightful as a 
bedroom can be. 

This is but one room in our Model House, and 
is only oneof the many effects that can besecured 
by the use of the Sherwin-Williams Decorative 
Service and the Sherwin-Williams Products. 

A Portfolio entitled ““An Ideal Plan of 


Home Decoration,’’? showing this complete 


model house with color treatments for outside 


and for every room inside, showing the rooms 
reproduced in colors, with specifications for 
the complete finishing of each room, is sent 
free, on request, to any reader of this magazine. 
There is no string tied to this offer. You donot 
have to promise to use the Sherwin-Williams 
Products to secure these decorative schemes, 
but equally good results will not be secured un- 
less you do use the Sherwin-Williams Products. 


Address all inquiries to Decorative Department 
057 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio 


AN IDEAL LAWN TREE 


Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or umbrella-shaped 


head, high on a straight, upright stem. Very hardy; extensively used in formal 
gardens and especially adapted for lawn planting— 


Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei) 


will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory tree to plant. 
I make a specialty of Catalpa Bunge and other shade trees, evergreens, hardy 
flowering shrubs, roses, fruit trees, etc., in great assortment. 


STEELE’S STURDY STOCK 


Grown in New Jersey, with its soil, and climate advantages, and is ready to 
start growth again anywhere, as soon as planted. Ornamental landscape plans 
prepared and executed. Beautifully illustrated catalogue free. 


T. E. STEELE, Pomona Nurseries, Box A, PALMYRA, N. J. 


198 


The Readers’ Service will give you 
information about motor boats 


THE GARDEN 


BOYS AND GIRLS 


Here is something good for you 


DON’T MISS IT 


The Garden Magazine is organizing a 
force of boy and girl agents and canyassers 
to sell single copies of the magazine and 
secure yearly subscriptions. We want every 
boy and girl who is interested in garden 
work to be benefited by this plan and we 
offer you the first chance to secure the 
agency for your town. 


Liberal Profit 
Assured Willing Workers! 


The work is easy, pleasant and very prof- 
itable. All you have ts de is to show the 
magazine to your friends and acquaintances 
and endeavor to sell them copies. Everybody 
knows about The Garden Magazine and it 
sells like the proverbial “‘hot cakes.” You 
will get four cents profit on every copy you 
sell; six copies sold means almost a quarter 
of a dollar for you and that’s pretty “easy 
money.’ We will also give away some fine 


premiums to our boys and girls. 


No Investment Required 
We Send Everything Free! 


We will start you ‘in the business”’ free, 
and provide everything necessary to begin 
work at once. When your letter reaches us 
we will send you five copies of the magazine 
free; sell them at fifteen cents each, and you 
will have seventy-five cents capital with 
which to buy additional copies at the rate 
of eleven cents each. You can buy as many 
copies as you wish at this rate. 


Write for the Agency To-day! 


The agency for The Garden Magazine 
will give you a fine chance to make some 
money in your spare time, and by a little 
hustle you can build up a permanent sale. 
Good territory given to early applicants. If 
you want the agency for your town, write us 
to-day! Don’t wait until to-morrow, because 
the boy or girl “round in the next block” 
may be thinking of sending for the agency 
and the only way to get in first is to send 
your request now! Simply ask for the 
“‘Garden Magazine Boy and Girl Agency 
Offer.” Address 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 
Circulation Dept., New York City 


MAGAZINE 


NovemMBER, 1909 


How to Select Window Gardening 
Tools 


HHERE are very few tools which one really 

needs for successful gardening, although 

there are a score and more of appliances each of 

which has its special use. The following, how- 

ever, are those which we ought to have to do the 
necessary work with any degree of comfort: 

Pots. Buy good ones; there are a great many 
pots on the market which are so thin that they are 
very easily broken. Get only such as have thick and 
well baked sides. Buy “‘standard” pots which are 
the same size and shape so that they nest well, 
taking up less room and being less liable to be 
broken when stored. 

For forcing hyacinths use the so-called hyacinth 
pots, which are about five inches deep. They are 
an inch or so deeper than the ordinary five-inch pot 
and give more room for soil. This extra amount of 
soil is really necessary in growing hyacinths. 

Saucers. Should be put under each pot to save 
the drip from the plants when watering. 

Pans. When growing bulbs use pans made 
especially for the purpose. They are not as deep 
as pots of the same diameter. For instance, a 
pot eight inches in diameter will be eight inches 
deep, but a pan of that same diameter will be only 
about half as deep — deep enough, however, for 
bulbs, as it furnishes plenty of root room. Pans 
are also very useful for starting seeds. 

Bulb or Hyacinth Glasses. These have rather 
large bases and draw in toward the top, but nearly 
at the top the sides flare out, forming a basin which 
is large enough to comfortably hold the largest 
sized hyacinth bulb. Sufficient water is put into 
the glasses to just touch the bottom of the bulb. 
Set away in a cool dark place until the roots develop. 

Pot Covers. Many times it-is desirable to cover 
a pot, particularly when using a potted plant 
aS a prominent part of the decorations about the 
house; the best thing for the purpose is a jardiniere 
of unglazed Japanese clay. Cheaper forms of 
domestic manufacture can be had in glazed pottery. 
There are also collapsible paper pot covers — eight 
or many-sided affairs in which the pot can be set. 
Of late the florists have been displaying baskets 
of different colors and shapes for covering the pots. 
The first time I saw them I exclaimed, “‘ What 
funny little waste baskets!” They are ornamental 
and not expensive and are far more artistic than 
most of the common glazed jardinieres. 

Heaters. If the room in which the plants are 
growing is separated from the living room it is 
often necessary to heat the window. If connections 
cannot be made with the regular house furnace 
use an oil heater which will generate a large amount 
of warmth and not injure the plants. Do not use 
a gas heater under any circumstances, for gas is 
bound to escape through the connections. Nothing 
is so injurious to plants as gas. For the very 
small greenhouse there are small forms of hotwater 
boilers which are economical of fuel and give a 
large amount of heat. 

Wardian Case. The fern is one of the hardest 
plants to grow in the house; where conditions 
will not permit of its being grown in the open 
room it can be grown in a Wardian case. A 
Wardian case is practically a greenhouse of small 
dimensions, say 2 x 3 x 24 feet. It is made entirely 
of glass with a wooden frame. Usually a pitch 
roof is put on it, the sides of the roof being hung 
on the ridge pole by hinges so that the inside of 
the case is accessible. In the bottom of these 


cases is a zinc pan for earth. The plants are set 


RAY&LANM, 


FLORIDA 
WATER 


A Toilet 


Treasure 


Ns 


Without exception the 
best and most popular 
Toilet Perfume made 


J‘ the Bath it is cooling 

and reviving; on the 
Handkerchief and for 
general Toilet use it is 
delightful ; after Shaving 
it is simply the very best 
thing to use. 


ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT. 
ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE! 


Save Your Plants from Bugs 
Don’t have your tomatoes, potatoes; cabbages, or other vegetables ruined 
this season. Kill the White Fly. Spray the plants early and often with 
a solution of 
9@ Caustic Potash i 
GOOD S Whale Oil SOAP No. 3 
Sure death to all insects and parasites. Not injurious to trees or plants. 
Fertilizes and quickens growth. Endorsed by 
5 Department of Agriculture 
50 Ibs., $2.50; 100 Ibs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less. 


JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front St., Philadelphia 


TRADE MARK 


> The New Idea in Rat Extermination * 
Harmless to human beings and household pets if 
accidentally taken in small quantities. 
Safe Sure Scientific | Clean to Handle 
Shaped like a squash seed—the rat’s favorite food. 
They do not die in the house but rush for open 
air and water. 
A Single Tablet Will Kill the Largest Rat 
15c and 25c at your druggists’ or sent prepaid 
on receipt of price in stamps or coin. 
FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 
100 William Street New York City 


M 


dom of bodily movement . 
In qOWER's 


pa z 
a = 
Red: 
& 


py 


i j 
SLICKERS#3°2 
‘Ss $R00 
(BLACK OR YELLOW). 
IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS 
: SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 

1308 CATALOG * I6 FREE 

AJJTower Co. Boston.U.S.A.  TowERCANADIAN Co, LIMITED. TORONTO CAN. 


1) you wish to purchase live-stock 
write the Readers’ Service 


MAGAZINE 


' NovEeMBER, 1909 


DE GAR DEN 


Mr. Kipling’s first collection of tales since 
the Nobel prize was awarded to him: 


Gs Sete or RE a: 
ae | WATER SUPP Ne 
Sey Water at Even Temperature 
pane SEE Ive of eather, Season or elnake 


Actions and 


Reactions 
By RUDYARD KIPLING 


Also the first collection since the publication 


of “Traffics and Discoveries” in 1904. 


Contents : 


“An Habitation Enforced,” the most widely discussed 
short story since the publication of the author's “They” ; 
“Little Foxes—A Tale of the Gihon Hunt’; ‘The 
Mother Hive”; “A Deal in Cotton”; ‘“ With the Night 
Mail,” a story of the year 2000 A. D.; and other 


stories. 


a ee, ae 


The Kewanee System of Water 


ong 


ey 


ee 


Ready October 6th 
Illustrated. $1.50 


THE WorRID's WoRK THE GARDEN 
MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & Co. NEw YorK. 


COUNTRY LIFE 
IN AMERICA 


@ur free booklets, ete. tell wl : 
Peters cau Please 
eters Purserp Co 
Plants Box 325, side Tenn. Patrons 
EUREKA HARNESS OIL 
Unequalled as a leather preservative. Prevents cracking and 
rotting. Givesa fine finish. Sold everywhere. 


STANDARD OIL COMPANY 
(Incorporated) 


300% PROFIT MADE 


Growing Mushrooms , 


Markets waiting for all you can raise. 
No cupital or special place necessary. 
Grown in cellar, stables, sheds, boxes, 
etc. Write for big illustrated free booklet 
showing our beds and farm and learn how to 
start this easy business. 


National Spawn and Mushroom Co. 
ep! 


Boston, Mass. 
Garden 


Fics cartes GUIAC 


for Autumn offers free instruction about grow- 
ing Fall Bulbs—Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, Cro- 
cus, Chinese Lilies; also tells about House Plants, 
| Hardy Plants for the garden and Small 
Fruits. Send for a copy today. 


James Vick’s Sons 
362 Main Street, Rochester, N. Y. 


Work for Men and 
Women 4 


Beautify Your Place 
This Book Shows How 


Suggests what, where, when and how to plant to get 
most pleasing effects: gives practical advice and 
suggestions of successful landscape archi- 
tects, the result of twenty years close study 
and experience; outlines general princi- 
-_ples of landscape work also goes into 
details. Handy, compact, valuable. 
Sent Anywhere Postpaid Free 
If you expect to make any improvements on 
your place, write for this book. If desired we 


Vwill also send the 1909 catalog of finest grown 
@ trees, shrubs, vines, perennials, 


SWAIN NELSON & SONS COMPANY 
# 959 Marquette Building 


Chicago 


Supply is the original air pressure, 
tank-in-the- basement system— 
a complete independent water- 
works for anybody—any needs— 
any building—anywhere. 


Our ten years of practical 
experience and the technical knowledge 
of our trained experts has made this the 
most practical of all water supply system. 
There is no elevated or attic tank to 
freeze, overflow, leak or collapse, be- 
cause the Kewanee Tank is buried in 
the ground or located in the cellar. 


Over 10,000 Kewanee Water 
Systems are in successful operation today, 
supplying water for country and suburban 
residences, clubs, farms, schools, public 
and private institutions, villages, etc. 

The Kewanee System is not 
an imitation— it is not a substitute. 
It is the original water supply system 


305 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 


MAKE MONEY 
GROWING VIOLETS 


2 The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can 
‘ » make money all the year growing them outdoors in 

se cheap cold frames and gardens, or in the house in 
pots and boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily grown 
and quickly sold at handsome profit. A fas scinating 
occupation or paying business for both men and 
women. 
‘Money Making with Violets.’ 
surprise you. 


Dept. 7, Elite Conservatories, Hyde Park, Mass. 


Costs #F 
Little to 
Start + 


Write to-day for our FREE BOOKLET, | 
? It will interest and | 


involving the use of air pressure instead 
of gravity. Avoid cheap imitations and 
look for our trade-mark and name plates 
on tanks and pumping machinery. Get 
the genuine and you will take no chances 
—we guarantee that. 


Many features of the Kewanee 
System are covered by patents and can- 
not be had in any other water supply 
systems. 


Expert engineering service is 
free and every Kewanee System is thor- 
oughly guaranteed—a guarantee which 
actually means something. Let us show 
you how to solve your water supply 
problem. 


Kewanee Tanks and Pumping Machinery 


give perfect service under all conditions. Write 
for our complete illustrated Catalogue No. 16. 


Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, III. 
1566 Hudson-Terminal Bldg. , 50 Church St., 


New York. 
1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago 


Make the Farm Pay 


Complete Home Study Courses in Agrienlinre, 
Ilortieultnre, Florieultare, Landseape Gardening, For- 
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under 
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. 
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent 
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study 
Courses under able professors in leading colleges. 

250 page eatalog free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. A., Springlield, Mass. 


Prof. Brooks 


HARDY NORTHERN GROWN NURSERY STOCK 


WE GROW A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF EVERGREENS 
ORNAMENTAL 


Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses «=4 Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc. 


Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking 


THE BAY STATE NURSERIES 


NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. 


If you are planning to build the Readers’ 
200 


Service can often give helpful suggestions 


AM Isl 13; 


Lilies 
are 
the 


glory 
of 


every 


Garden 
We make 


a special 
offer for 
November 


Tos ae 28 (o) f 


Eight Hardy, Beautiful 
Lilies 
Ready end of October—Plant safely even 


after light frost 
Berger’s Favorite Lily Collection 


Bulbs will flower first season 
Lil Auratum (golden queen). 


Lil Roseum (white with rosy-red dots). 
Lil Album (pure glistening snow white). 


Lil Washingtonianum (exquisite blush turn- 


ing to wine color). 
Lil Tenuifolium (coral red lily). 

1 Lil Superbum (grand sort of Tiger Lily—5-6 
feet tall—7-10 flowers on stalk). 
Lil Wallacei (upright apricot colored). 
Lil Candidum (madonna lily—white golden 
stamens). 


Eight strong Lily Bulbs for $1.00, including delivery. 


Directions how to grow Lilies successfully with every order. 


Bulbs for Xmas Bloom 


Four best 
varieties 


Chinese Narcissus 
Flower of the gods. 
Plant in bowl with 
pebbles and water 
(see picture). 3 bulbs 
for 25 cts. 


Roman Hyacinth 
White, blue, rose. 
Fragrant bells. Plant 
in a pan or pot now 
to bloom for Xmas. 


6 for 25 cts. 


Paper White Narcissus. Glorious bunches of 
sweet-scented white flowers, planted in soil or in 
bowl of water with pebbles. 12 for 25 cts. 


Double Roman Narcissus. Large umbels of 
double white flowers with golden heart. Exquisitely 
fragrant. Extra size bulbs. 6 for 25 cts. 


IN. The four offers of 27 bulbs for 75 cts. 


WN Delivered Free 


‘\ Our offers in September and October 
H. H. Garden Magazine hold good for 
BERGER \ November. Send for our Cata- 
& CO. logue. It will interest you. A 
70 Warren Street ‘\ postal brings it. 
New York City 
Enclosed find.. -..... 
for which send 


\ H. H. BERGER 
& CO. 


SS 70 Warren Street 
NEW YORK 
N 


in this, watered, and the case closed. The mois- 
ture, evaporating from the foliage of the plants 
and the soil, condenses in the glass and drops back. 
As a result, there is always a humid atmosphere 
in the cases and but little watering has to be done. 

Watering Pot. A small watering pot holding a 
couple of gallons is absolutely necessary. I prefer 
a copper one as it can be kept in better condition 
than an iron one and with ordinary care will last 
a lifetime. The nozzle should be fitted with two 
roses, one with very small holes, the other with 
larger sizes, and to insure that the joint between 
them is tight insist on the nozzles and spout being 
fitted with threads so that they can be screwed on. 

Potting Tools. A trowel, a screen for sifting 
the soil and a temporary bench for potting will also 
be found convenient if much potting is to be done. 
The soil for potting can usually be purchased from 
a nearby florist very reasonably, so that the bench 
need not be so large as would be necessary if you 
mixed the soil at home. 

Raffa. A soft straw tying material which can 
be purchased from the seedsmen for about twenty 
cents a pound. Raffia tape, a broad green tape 
made especially for the purpose, is also good. 
There is also a dark green linen string which is 
the best thing to put up for smilax and asparagus to 
grow on. 

Sphagnum. Sphagnum moss should be kept on 
hand if possible. It may be put over the broken 
crockery in the bottom of the pot so as to keep the 
soil from sifting down and clogging the drainage. 
It may be finely sifted and used asa top soil in 
seed pans for germinating small seeds like gloxinia, 
calceolaria, tuberous-rooted begonias, etc., and it 
is also excellent for pot-layering rubber plants. 

Spraying. For spraying the plants there is a 
very handy little brass sprayer sold by the seedsmen 
which will thoroughly distribute kerosene emulsion, 
tobacco water or other insecticide. For spraying 
the plants with water the best thing is the ordinary 
bulb syringe, but for larger plants there is a brass 
syringe holding a quart, which will prove effect- 
ive when ridding the plants of mealy bug or red 
spider because the spray can be forcibly applied. 

Window Boxes for the window sill are some- 
times used in window gardening. They are useful, 
especially where one wishes to plunge pots in cool, 
damp moss. These can be had made of plain 
wood, of metal or tiles. 

Stands, for holding plants. Some are circular, 
others are semi-circular and straight; but all are 
arranged in the form of steps. These are made 
of wood oriron. Put the stand as near the window 
as possible and slightly turn the plants each day 
so that all sides will get an equal amount of light. 

Brackets. ‘There are very useful brackets to be 
had for fastening into the sides of the window 
casings. Very pretty effects can be had by growing 
in these some drooping plant, like the canary bird 
vine, for instance. 


Covering for Winter 


IVE all susceptible plants their winter pro- 
tection now, for the first frost in this section 
usually comes about this time of the year. 

Harvest rutabagas or swedes before frost and 
store in a cool, dry, frost-proof place. 

Plant out strawberries early in the month in well- 
prepared soil. Use plenty of commercial fertilizer 
and old stable manure. Never use fresh manure, 
as it has a tendency to cause disease among the 
plants and to produce weeds. If the manure can- 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


NoveEMBER, 1909 


THERE’S 
GOLDIN 
ASHES 


Do you realize 
what quantities of 
unbumed coal you 
are constantly 
throwing away? 
Wasting good fuel is wasting money. 


HILL’S HUSTLER 
ASH SIFTER 


sifts your entire week’s ashes with a few turns 
of the crank. No dust—no dirt. No back- 
breaking work. Enclosed rotary sifter rolls out 
clean, unburned coalin scuttle. Fits wood or 
iron barrel. Lastsa life time. Soon saves 
its cost in fuel. All dealers. 


Write to-day for Folder 83 
describing these sifters in full. 


HILL DRYER COMPANY 


408 PARK WORCESTER 
AVENUE MASS. 


Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad 


] T bs odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
i AGON LOA 4 lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 
es Fea Pa LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. 
\ STABLE | y $4.00 Delivered to your Freight Station. 


eee 
ry Fa i] Apply now. z 
eI" ThePulverized Manure Go..19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


1840 1909 


Old Colony Nurseries 


HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES 
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS 


A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown in sandy loam. 
Good plants; best sizes for planting very cheap. Priced catalogue 
free on application. 


T. R. WATSON 


Surplus White Pine 


(Pinus strobus) 


Will quote F. O. B. my Highlands Nur- 
sery, North Carolina, or any freight station 
in car lots. Recently transplanted. 


Plymouth, Mass. 


300 White Pine . . .. . 2-3 ft. 
500 “f SS & & lea 
1100 = 5 Pee a 45). © 
1000 re oe ooo ve tee 1028 


Largest Collection of Hardy American Plants 
in the World. Catalogs. 
Harlan P. Kelsey, Owner 


Salem Massachusetts 


INVALUABLE in Your HOME 


~< 


One of 
many styles 
and sizes, 


COLONIAL TREASURE CHEST 


is a positive household necessity for protecting 
fine, fleecy woolens, furs and valuable fabrics from 
moths, dust anddamp. It is the most useful article ever pro- 

duced in elegant, artistic furniture. Sent direet from factory to home on 15 
days’ FREE TRIAL with privilege of return, if unsatisfactory; all delivery 
and return expenses pafl by us. Price $24.50 prepnid east of Miss. River. 
Ideal wedding, birthday or Xmas gift. Write at once for illustrated catalog. 


PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept.T, Statesville, N. C. 


NovEMBER, 1909 


THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


If a problem grows in your garden write to 
the Readers’ Service jor assistance 201 


Save Your Trees— 


These Davey Books 
Will Tell You How! 


OUR WOUNDED FRIENDS, THE TREES” 


Graphically describes tree facts, many of them heretofore 
untold, and gives in detail the Davey methods of tree pres- 
ervation. This book is unique, just as the Davey system 
is essentially original. It explains the superior efficiency 
of Davey methods and tells why only experts should be 
employed for tree surgery. The book has cost too much to 

ermit promiscuous distribution; but we shall be glad to 
orward a copy, on request, to any person who has fine 
trees that are decaying and who is interested in saving 
them. Ask for Book N. 


“THE SALVATION OF OUR TREES” 


A little booklet which gives facts about lecture of the same 
title delivered by John Davey, The Father of Tree Surgery. 
This lecture is an exposition of the unique science of tree 
reservation and is attention-compelling to the utmost 
egree. Fall and winter engagement for Mr. Davey will 
be made at special rates to Park Commissions. Oivic Im- 
rovement Societies, Boards of Trade, Schools and Col- 
eges, Women’s Olubs and Chautauquas. If interested, 
write today for open dates, and free copy of Booklet NN. 


“THE TREE DOCTOR” 


John Davey’s latest and most comprehen- 
sive work on the care of trees. From the 
layman’s standpoint, it is simple yet effec- 
tive. An invaluable handbook for every 
owner really interested in the preservation 
and care of his trees. Price $2, postpaid. 


The Davey Tree Expert Co. 


(Operating Davey’s School of 
Practical Forestry) 


KENT, OHIO 


Hammered Copper 


‘ From solid metal—no wooden parts 
IS All hand wrought by graduate 


craftsmen 


Gas or Electrolier 


Cut glass dome and complete equipment ready 
to light. The real work of art sold direct from 
our craft rooms. Photographs and full partic- 
ulars on request. 

Syracuse Wire Works 
103 University Avenue, Syracuse, N. Y. 


DERAVAL 
Za C > 
~ SEPARATORO 


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO 


86S BROADWAY, 42 €. MADISON ST. 
NEW YORK CHICAGO. 


Send for Sample of 


PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE 


We offer to send, free of charge, anactual sample of Page 
Woven Wire Fence, just as it comes from the big looms. 
Each one is ‘‘a sermon in steel.’? ‘The tremendous suc- 
cess of Page Fence which is now on its Quarter Centennia! 
Year, is due to the fact that its makers have always given 
full measure of honest value. It is the old reliable time- 
tried wire fence that outlasts them all. Admitted to 
be the strongest wire fence in existence. 

Send today! Seethe real Page Wire! Get next to the 
“Page Knot”?! Getthe great Quarter Centennial Edition 
of the Page Fence Catalog and learn the difference 
between Page Fence and the ordinary kinds. Find what 
Page Fence means in economy: Write at once and 
both the free sample of Page Fence and the big Catalog 

) will be sent promptly. Address 


Page Woven Wire Fence Co. 
Adrian, Mich. 


Discriminating 


Thousands 


are following the work of 
MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD 


with increasing interest and admiration. This 
author depicts the normal life of normal but in- 
teresting people with assurance and illumination. 
The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers 
has notably increased since the publication of 


“The Good Comrade ”’ and “ Desire” 


The previous books are 


“Curayl ” 

“The Wedding of the 
Lovell ” 

“Petronilla Heroven” 

“The Success of Mark Wyngate” 

“Princess Puck” 


“The Lady of Dreams” 
For Sale at all Bookstores Per Volume, $1.50 


Lady of 


Doubleday, Page & Co., New York 


Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks 


That’s all that is necessary if you use the time-saving, 
labor-saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak proof 
Illinois Self-Watering Flower Box 

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our 


box is for indoor or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and sold 
on 30 days’ FREE Trial. Descriptive booklet PREZ. 


ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 


33 Dearborn Street 


Chickering Pianos 


SEND FOR CATALOGUE 
Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


ILLETT’S 


Hardy Ferns and Flowers 
For Dark, Shady Places 
Send for my descriptive catalogue 


of over 50 pages, which tells about 
this class of plants. It’s free. 


Epwaro GILLETT,BOX C = SOUTHWICK, MASS. 


Chicago, IIl. 


To Grow Hardy Perennials 
and Old Fashioned Flowers 
Successfully: 


They should be planted in September 
and October like Spring-flowering bulbs. 


They make roots during Fall and Win- 
ter, establishing themselves for Spring 


and Summer blooming. 


Hardy Perennials our specialty. We 
grow thirty acres. Get our net whole- 
sale prices with all necessary cultural 
directions, and largest list of Novelties 
for the asking. 


PALISADES NURSERIES 
SPARKILL, N. Y. 


Perennial Growers 


Six Minutes to Wash 
A. Tubful! 
A Marvelous Motor Washer 


The 1900 Motor Washer is the wonder of the age. 
In six minutes, or even less, it will wash a tubful of 
clothes. Costs 2c a week to run 


it—by electric or water power. 30 
Thousands in actual use, doing Days’ 
both washing and wringing! Women who F ¥ 
see it work just rub their eyes in amaze- | Trial 


ment, for no other washer has ever before 
begun to do what this will. 


Let Us Send a 


1900 Motor Washer 
On 30 Days’ Free Trial 


Ask for Washer on trial. See the § 
clothes made spotlessly clean in > 
six minutes! See it do all the 
wringing! We gladly pay the 
freight and take ail the risk of the 
trial _ Unless you actually see zt 
working you may doubt these start- 
ling statements. We welcome re- 
quests for fests and we gladly give 
30 days’ free use of the machine. 
If it does all we say, you may keep 
it and pay monthly out of what it 
saves. Otherwise, we cheerfully 
take it back at no expense to you. 
Write for fascinating Free Book today. All correspon- 
dence should be addressed to 1900 Washer Co., 3350 
Henry St., Binghamton, N. Y. If you live in Canada, address 
Canadian 1900 Washer Co., 355 Yonge St., Toronto, Can. 
.BRANCH HOUSES: We maintain branches at 1917 Broadway, 
Now York City: and 1113 Flatbush Ave., Brooklyn; andin all prin- 
cipal cities. We also make shipments from our warehouses in 
Kansas City, San Francisco and Seattle. (3) 


INGEE ROSES Strong and thrifty. Sold ontheirown 


roots. Shipped to any point in the 
U.S. Safearrival guaranteed, Our new Guide to Rose Cul- 
ture and Bulb Growing, for fall 1909, is ready and will be 
sent free on request. Flower and vegetable seeds a 
specialty. Established 1850. 
TITE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 18, West Grove, Pa. 


The gives a clear steady light. 
Rayo Lamp Made of brass throughout 


Warranted. At 


and nickel plated. 


dealers or write nearest agency. 
STANDARD OIL COMPANY 
(Incorporated) 


THE BOOKS OF 


Ellen Glasgow 


The Battle Ground 
The Wheel of Life 
The Voice cf the People The Deliverance 
The Freeman, and other Poems 
Published by 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., N. ¥Y. 


The Ancient Law 


until later. 


effective advertising. 


S. G. HARRIS, Rosedale Nurseries 


Trees, Shrubs and Roses 


Place your orders with us now—you will get a more favorable selection than if you defer the purchase 
We will ship at the proper time to plant—some varieties should be set in the Fall, while others 
are better if left until spring—and we will see that you are treated right. 


Of 480 Evergreens shipped to Lenox last April, only one failed to grow; in another shipment of 
350 trees, every one made a handsome growth. This is the kind of trees you should buy. 
properly packed, prompt service and fair prices make our customers so enthusiastic they are our most 


Write for our illustrated Catalogue, which gives sizes and prices. 


Extra sizes for immediate effect. 


Good stock 


It’s Free. 


Box 63 1 


arrytown, New York | 


9 The Readers’ Service will furnish you with the names 
02 oj reliable firms in any department of tirade 


A Silent Servant 


A customer writes: “‘ The Hot-dir Pump you furnished us some eight years ago works as 


notselessly, as effectively, and as satisfactorily to-day as the day it was put in. 


During this 


period it has drawn water from a well some thirty feet distant and thrown it through five 
hundred feet of one and one-half inch pipe to the reservoir.” 


In using the word ‘‘ zotselessly,’’ our friend has 


touched upon one of the most important features 
of a Hot-Air Pump. 

Many of our customers are people with country 
homes who have had their nerves sorely tried by 
the noisy clanging of a windmill’s wheel (the 
source of their private water supply), until, in a 
spirit of desperation, they have felt compelled to 
remove the windmill and make trial of a 


Hot-Air Pump 


With its silent action, health and rest have come 


Be sure that the name 
‘ you purchase. ‘This 
against worthless imitations. 


BECO-RIDER 


When so situated that you cannot personally inspect the pump 


back again along with natural quiet and repose. 
In this way the Hot-Air Pump has proved itself a 
wonderful therapeutic agent, besides being the 
most reliable domestic water supply known. 

Remember that these pumps are not steam- 
engines, but machines of low-power which can- 
not explode, operated solely by hot air, automatic 
in their action, requiring no skilled attention, so 
simple that any servant or farmer’s boy can start 
and stop the little flame that gives them life. The 
cost of operation is almost nil, while the delivery 
of water is absolutely certain at ail times and 
seasons. 


‘AeECU-ERICSSON 


appears upon the pump 
name protects you 


before ordering, write to our nearest office (see Jist below) for the name of a reputable dealer 


in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. 


the world today. 


Over 40,000 are in use throughout 


Write for catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RIDER-ERICSSON 


ENGINE Co. 


HOT-AIR PUMP 


New York 
Boston 

Chicago 
Philadelphia 
Montreal, P. Q. 
Sydney, N.S. W. 


35 Warren Street 
239 Franklin Street 
40 Dearborn Street 
40 North 7th Street 
234 West Craig Street 
22 Pitt Street - 


(Also builders of the new °** Reeco”? Electric Pump.) 


FALL BULBS 


Our complete stock has now arrived—the assortment and quality have 


never been quite so fine. 


A few of the more important quotations: 


Hyacinths, Single or Double Named, Mixed, at 60c per doz., $4.50 per 100 


Tulips, Single or Double, Mixed, . 


Narcissus, Paper White Grandiflora, 
Narcissus, Van Sion Double Yellow, 


at 30c per doz., $1.50 per 100 
at 40c per doz., $2.00 per 100 
at 35c per doz., $2.50 per 100 


BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WAREHOUSE 


RICKARDS BROS., Props. :: ESTABLISHED 1824 


37 East 19th Street 


Send for our catalogue. 


Telephone 4235 Gramercy 


Farr’s Hybrid 
Delphinium Seeds 


I raised some beautiful Hybrid Delphiniums this year, 
the finest I have ever seen, and havea limited quantity of 
seed saved from the best ones. These may be planted in 
coldframes this fall. For 25 cts. in stamps I will send you 
a liberal package and a copy of my catalogue of Irises, 
Peonies, Phlox and hardy Plant Specialties, as long as the 
supply of the book lasts. The edition is nearly exhausted. 

Those who have received the book have found it helpful. This is what 
some of them say: ‘‘ Your catalogue is the finest I have ever seen.’’—C S. 
HARRISON, York, Neb. ‘‘I think it is the best I have seen this year."’— 
JAMES MCKISSOCK, West Newton, Mass. ‘‘ It is the most superb one I 
have ever seen.’.—EVERETT SMITH, Muncie, Ind. 


Dickson’s Famous Irish Roses Ready Now! 
BERTRAND H. FARR 
Wyomissing Nurseries, 809 DPenn Street, 
READING, PA. 


New York City 
Free for the asking 


7 B. Shredded or 
Mm BaGS putverized 

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No 
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of 
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write 


for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 
19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


ALL PLANTING 


TREES PLANTS 
BULBS SEEDS 


Very complete assortment of Fruit and 
Ornamental Trees, Forest Trees, Small 
Fruits, Grape Vines, Roses, Perennials, 
Hardy Bulbs for fall planting, etc. 

Largest growers of Forest Trees in the 


United States. 


Alfalfa, Grass and Clover 
Seeds, Seed Grain, Vege- 


table and Flower Seeds 
Our Nebraska Upland Alfalfa Seed is the 
Best in the World 


We furnish high-class stock only, and our prices 
are based on quality goods. Still, you will find them 
most reasonable. 

Request our large catalogue and bulb list. Free. 
GERMAN NURSERIES AND SEED HOUSE, Box A, Beatrice, Neb. 


NoOvEMBER, 1909 


not be had, use cotton seed. There must be plenty 
of humus in the soil in order to get good berries. 

After frost clean off all flower beds and burn the 
trash so as to prevent insects from wintering in it. 
Also clean off the vegetable garden and plow under 
the trash. 

If you failed to sow pansy seed and to plant early 
spring-flowering bulbs during August and October, 
plant them now where they will be warm and shel- 
tered during the winter. 

November is the best time in the South for plant- 
ing trees, because they will make root growth during 
the winter and a more rapid top growth the fol- 
lowing spring. 

In the lower South sow the seed of lettuce now in 
the open ground for winter use. Use stable manure 
for fertilizing the soil, and do not be afraid of mak- 
ing it too rich. 

Plant out asparagus and horseradish roots dur- 
ing this and next month in rich soil that has been 
made fine and loose by deep plowing. Plant large 
roots for quick results. 

Sugar cane should be made into syrup before frost, 
which injures the quality of the syrup. Clean all 
the leaves from the stalks, for if they are left on 
they will absorb the juice when the stalks are 
being ground up. The leaves and tops should sun 
a day or two and then be stored for stock food. 

Plow now as deep as possible any hard clay land 
and weedy sandy soil for next year’s crop. 

Sow wheat and oats as soon as convenient after 
frost. Southern farmers should not fail to grow 
agood-sized crop of each, for beyond the regular 
planting, fertilizing and harvesting necessary to all 
crops, they are not any trouble. They will not onl 
bring in as much per acre as corn, but will also 
improve the soil which corn lis apt to impoverish. 
The improved Blue Stem and Currell’s Prolific are 
two of the best varieties of wheat for the South; 
Appler, Bancroft, and Red Rustproof are varie- 
ties of oats I would recommend. 

This is the last month of the best planting time 
for hardy lilies. Plant some bulbs now and some 
in the spring, and see which gives the better result. 
I have always found fall planting the most satis- 
factory, the plants being more prolific and the 
flowers earlier and larger. 


Georgia. THomAS J. STEED. 


A November-blooming Cattleya 


HE accompanying illustration shows a beau- 
tiful orchid that blooms in October and 
November, called Cattleya Bowringiana. The 
most popular orchid for cut flowers at this season 
is Cattleya labiata, which has only three to five 
flowers onastalk. Cattleya Bowringiana is remark- 
able for having ten to a dozen flowers on a stalk. 
New York. J. G. SINCLAIR. 


Cattieya Bowringiand, a variety of 
pinkish blossoms 


orchid having 


NovEMBER, 1909 


ROOFING 


Mee sored Ready Roofing is water- 


proofed with two layers of Coal 

Tar Pitch, the greatest waterproofing 
material known. Storms, heat and cold will 
not injure it in any way. 


After Amatite is laid on your roof it 
will protect you without any care or 
attention. 


It also has a veal mineral surface. This 


mineral surface needs no painting of any 
kind. 


Amatite is easy to lay; no skilled labor 
is required—you can do it yourself. Just 
unroll the Amatite on the roof, lap one 
layer over the next, cement it together and 
nail down. That’s all. 


Free sample and booklet on request. 
Barrett Manufacturing Company, New York, 
Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cleveland 
Cincinnati, St. Louis, Pittsburg, Kansas 
City, New Orleans or Minneapolis. 


Selected Seeds and Bulbs 
are the best. Write for 


ADAMS’ Little Brown Book. 


Henry Saxton Adams, Garden Expert, Wellesley, Mass. 


~FLORICULTURE 


Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- 
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Batchelor of Cornell 
University. 

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and 
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and 
Vegetables as well as Flowers Under Glass. 

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice. 
200 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Devt. Gb., pringticld, Mass. 


Prof. Craig 


Garden 
HleIp 


Meehans’ Garden Bulletin 
should be in the hands 
of every reader of The 
Garden Magazine. Itis 
a valuable monthly gar- 
dening paper. 

Edited by experienced horti- 
culturists — men who know of 
what theyspeik through actual, 
practical experience. 


Write today for a free copy, or send ro cents for the 
numbers from September to December, 1909. 


Are you going to plant? If you are ex- 
pecting to use hardy plants send for our 
big, valuable plant book of 64 pages. Give 
size of your property when applying. 


Thomas Meehan & Sons 


Incorporated 
Box 17, Germantown, 


Phila., Pa. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The latest books on travel and biography 
be obtained through the Readers’ Service 


may 


203 


It Is Winter Outside. But Sones ane 
Inside This Sunshine Shop 


Summer in every sense of the word; sum- 
Mer temperature and summer flowers all 
abloom. These blooms may mean to you 
a garden full of roses or rows of sweet peas, 
with the vines clambering tothe very ridge. 
Then again, to many the growing of old- 
fashioned flowers is the first thought. 

If you have one of our Sunshine Shops 
with the heating plant so arranged that you 
have an absolute control of the tempera- 
ture, then you can grow practically any- 
thing you want to. 

Any of your gardener friends will tell you 
that upon the RIGHT GREENHOUSE 
much of the success of these winter gardens 
depends. And that brings the question to 


our side of it—the building side. It is 
enough to say here, that a greenhouse built 
carpenter fashion is never satisfactory. 
Neither are they any cheaper IN THE 
END. 

Then we might add that the lighter the 
house, the greater the quantity and better 
the quality of your blooms. 

The U-Bar greenhouse, just because of 
its extreme lightness, was called by an en- 
thusiastic owner ‘‘The Sunshine Shop.” 
But there is not enough room here to ex- 
plain just why our houses are the lightest— 
most attractive—but in our catalog there 
is,and we would like you to have one of 
them. 


U-BAR GREENHOUSES 


PIERSON 
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 


Stock of 
Hardy Plants in America 


Catalogue on Application 
ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pirrssure, Pa. 


and most 
complete 


lWaneest 


U-BAR CO. 
1 MADISON AVE..NEW YORK 


Competent Gardeners 


The comforts and products of a country home are in- 
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to 
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding 
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We 
have been supplying them for years to the best people every- 
where. No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seeds- 
men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 


a distinctiveness of its own. 


your books, etc. 
far the most attractive. 


MONOGRAMS 


on CHINA, SILVERWARE, HARNESS, CARRIAGES, AUTOMOBILES, Etc., Etc. 


not only afford protection, but also give to each article 


real advantage in many other ways — on your stationery, 
The most distinctive monograms are by 
My made - to - order monograms 
are most distinctive because I specialize in this work. 


E. S. Hallock 3609 Broadway New York 


Monograms can be used to 


BERCKMANS 


There are trees and plants especially 
adapted to every locality. Some 
kinds will not thrive in certain sec- 
tions. You can save time and money 
by knowing before you plant which 

may be depended upon in your 
vicinity. We can tell you from the 
knowledge gained in fifty years’ ex- 
perience; with trees, plants and 
shrubs. A few shrubs, a tree or two 
and a collection of plants wonderfully 
enhance the beauty of any property, 
and increase its value surprisingly. 


TREES?SHRUBS 


If you contemplate improving your 
grounds, ask our Landscape Depart- 
ment to help you; we will be 
pleased to show you how much a 
little money invested in Berckmans’ 
Trees and Shrubs will do toward 
giving your home a beautiful 
setting. 

At any rate, let us 
handsomely illustrated 
for 1910, just issued. 


P. J. BERCKMANS CO., Inc. 
Box 1070 A, AUGUSTA, GA, 


send our 
Catalogue 


Fruitland Nurseries, 


For information about popular resorts 
write to the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN 


Make a 


Um HOT-BED 
| iH hi This Month 
s WWIII for" years te come. 


Let us supply 
you with the 


FRAMES 
SASH 
and MATS 


The stock in our frames and sash is the very 
best—clear Gulf Cypress—and our prices aré 
most reasonable. 

We furnish working plans with each order and 
will assist you in every way to make your hot-bed 
a complete SUCCESS. 

We also carry everything necessary for the 
complete erection, furnishing, heating and ventil- 
ating of the greenhouse, grapery, or conservatory. 


S. JACOBS & SONS 


Established 1871 
1355-1379 Flushing Ave. BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


ll 


There’s Money in P oultry 


Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry 
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the 
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to 
make poultry pay. 

Personal instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 


Prof. Grahain Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. 


Large Berkshire Swine 


Both imported and American Breed 
ing along the most approved lines. 
Bred sows, service boars and § 
young stock of all ages. We have 
never bred a cross animal nor had 
All animals 
Your 


a sow molest her pigs. 
registered free of charge. 
money back if you want it. 


Write for booklet. 
H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING 
Dundee, N. Y. 


SQUABA 


Mated pair 


BOOK FREE 


kissing.— y: fh 

Eeeste ee 4: Write for our handsome 1910 FREE BOOK, 

oa CO \ iy) eS how to make money breeding squabs. 
yeek ee Bi d 


Cloth bound book now %08 pages, 114 
illustrations. IT’S GREAT. We take subscriptions for the new splendid 
National Sguab Magazine (monthly). Specimen copy 10 cents. 

PLYMOUTH KOCK SQUAB CO., 151 Howard St., Melrose, Mass. 


“Hammond’s Paints” 


For 30 years we have been 
making House Paints. We 
have no “Fairy Vales’ tortelll, 
but if you wish durable Paint 
and good-looking Paint for 
inside and outside 
Hammond’s — Write to 


use get 


the 


factory. 


Hammond’s Paint and Slug Shot Works 
Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. 


Make Your Roadside Interesting 
All Winter 


6 pe one thing you can do this month that will 
A §©please your neighbors and yourself most is to 
transplant to the roadside half a dozen bushes of 
the red osier dogwood or of something else that will 
be red all winter. For red is the cheeriest color 
in winter. The long road from the station to 
your home will seem only half as long if there is a 
bright bit of color half-way. 

The best thing you can get for this winter’s effect 
is some bushes of the red osier dogwood which grows 
wild in swamps. The young bushes are brighter 
colored and easier to move. 

See if you can’t find some silky dogwood (Cornus 
Amomum), which has flat clusters of white flowers 
in May, berries in September, and purplish red 
branches all winter. 

Also try for some yellow willow. 

The one red berry that everyone knows is the 
winterberry (Ilex verticillata), which has clusters 
of brilliant fruits at Christmas that look like holly 
berries on a leafless bush. It is really a deciduous 
holly. It does not stay red all winter, but is a glori- 
ous sight until New Years or later. 

Scour your neighborhood for bittersweet, barberry 
and high bush cranberry (Viburnum Opulus), all 
of which have red berries that last all winter. 

The only hardy native trees that have red ber- 
ries which stay on all winter are the cockspur and 
Washington thorns and the mountain ash. The 
last, however, I should be afraid to move in the fall. 

Wait till March also before moving bayberry, 
which has waxy white berries and fragrant foliage 
and stems. It also has gorgeous colors in Novem- 
ber, a month after most bushes have lost their 
leaves. But mark and note a patch of it now or you 
may not recognize it next spring. 

This fall, however, you can plant snowberry or 
Indian currant, if you are lucky enough to know 
where they grow wild. Both will give a good 
show until Christmas. 

If none of these grow wild in your neighborhood 
why not invite a few friends to your house and ask 
them to join you in making a few bright spots 
along the road? All the plants named above 
can be bought from nurserymen. 

If you don’t know this material, the best plan is 
to order a five-dollar collection of the twelve best 
plants for winter beauty. Put these in your yard 
and you will have something interesting to show 
your neighbors and inspire them to join with you in 
making the roadside beautiful the year round. 

New Jersey. Tuomas McApDAm. 


Annuals versus Perennials 


OWADAYS where old-fashioned ‘‘perennials”’ 
are so much written about, annuals are often 
neglected, which is a great mistake, as they stay in 
bloom sometimes three times as long as the herba- 
ceous plants. Cornflowers, salpiglossis, verbena, 
tobacco and petunia are the best for long blooming 
and do not dwindle in a drought like phloxes and 
hollyhocks; of course these last should be in every 
garden, and get the best of treatment, but the annu- 
als give many more flowers. Salpiglossis are espec- 
ially lovely and are easy to grow; but they do not sow 
themselves as the others do. Petunias should be 
pure white or pale pink; the mottled ones are mon- 
strous and should be pulled up on sight. China 
asters are not in this class, as they have diseases 
and only last about ten days. 


New York. VERONICA. 


MAGAZINE 


NOVEMBER, 1909 


Infor- 


Poultry, Kennel and oe 
Live Stock Directory apout 


the selection or care of dogs, poultry and 
Address 


live stock will be gladly given. 
INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE 
GaRDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, 
New York. 


Profitable Egg Farming 


f. | 200 EGGS 
| A YEAR 
PER HEN 


HOW TO GET THEM 


The seventh edition of the book ‘“‘zo0 Eggsa Year per Hen,”’ 
isnowready. Revised, enlarged, and in part re-written. 96 
pages. Contains among other things the method of feeding 
by which Mr. S. D. Fox, of Wolfboro, N.H., won the prize of 
$100 in gold offered by the manufacturers of a well-known 
condition powder for the best egg record during the winter 
months. Simpleas a, b, c—and yet we guarantee it to start 
hens to laying earlier and to induce them to lay more eggs 
than any other method under the sun. The book also con- 
tairs recipe for egg food and tonic used by Mr. Fox, which 
brought him in one winter day 68 eggs from 72 hens ; and for 
five days in succession from the same flock 64 eggsaday. Mr, 
E. F. Chamberlain, of Wolfboro, N.H., says: “By following 
the methods outlined in your book I obtained 1,496 eggs from 
gt R.I. Reds inthe month of January, 1902.””_ From 14 pullets 
picked at random out of a farmer’s flock the author got 2,999 
eggs in one year—an average of over 214 eggs apiece. It has 
been my ambition in writing “‘2oo Eggs a Year per Hen” to 
make it the standard book on egg production and profits in 
poultry, tells all there is to know, and teils it in a plain, 
common sense way. 


Price 50 cents ; or with a year’s subscription to the 
AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, both for 75 cents; 
two years’ subscription and book for $1.00; or given 
free as a premium for two yearly subscriptions at 
50 cents each. 
Our paper is handsomely illustrated, 44 to 84 pages, 50 cents per year. 
Three months’ trial, 10 cents. Sample Free. CATALOGUE of 
poultry books free. 


AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE 
598 Hogan Block Syracuse, N. Y. 


Seldom See 


a big knee like this but your horse may have a 
bunch or bruise on his Ankle, Hock, Stifle Knee 
or Throat. 


will clean them off without laying the horse up. 
No blister, no hair gone. Removes Bursal En- 
largements, Thickened Tissues, Swollen Glands, 
Shoe Boils, Capped Hock, Puffs or Swellings—any 
Strain or Lameness, Allays Pain, Restores the 
Circulation; reduces Rheumatic Deposits, Enlarged Veins, 
Painful Swellings and Afflictions. Healing, Pleasant and 
Safe to use. $2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 8-D free. 

W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 


POULTRY FENCE 


STOCK STRONG .-- RUST PROOF 
Bottom wires 1 inch apart. Will not sag 
or bag. Requires no boards—top or 
bottom —and fewer posts. Costs less 
than netting. We pay freight. Send 
for catalog. 


The Brown Fence & Wire Co. 
Dept. 95 Cleveland, Ohio 


VD)DDb oO DDD 990) 


Lots of them, feed green bone fresh cut, 
rich in protein and all other egg ele- 
ments. Get twice the eggs, more fertile 
eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, 
heavier fowls, bigger profits. 


1 money in 
MANN’S sone" cirren 10 Days Free Trial a yscce 
Makes bone cutting simple, easyand rapid. Try itand 
see. Open hopper, automatic feed. Cuts all bone 
with adhering meat and gristle. Neverclogs. Don’t 
buy until you try it. Catalog free. 
F. W. MANN CO., Box 325, MILFORD, MASS. 


THE GARDEN CALENDAR 


FOR 1910, BY ELLEN P. WILLIAMS 
HE TROUBLE WITH 


most garden advice is 

that you don’t get it 
when you want it. It’s dif- 
ferent with THE GARDEN 
CALENDAR. Here for365 
days there is a succession 
of gardening hints all of 
which may be of incalcu- 
lable value to you. If you 
need advice as to your pan- 
sies, your peonies, your 
larkspur, your violets, your | 
roses, your fruit trees and 
grape vines, or even your 
vegetables, you have it in 
THE GARDEN CALEN- | 
DAR and you have it on the 
very day that you want it. 
Everything in THE CAR- 
DEN CALENDAR is worth 
while and you will find 
very many helps as the year 
rolls around that will dem- 
onstrate that it is abso- 
lutely indispensable. A 
charming holiday gift for J 
a garden lover. Provide for Christmas now. Mailed in a 
box, postage paid, to any address for $1.00. i 


FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPAN 


PUBLISHERS 
530 LUDLOW ST. 


“BONOR 


THE GREATEST DISCOVERY 
‘OF MODERN TIMES. j 


Full size 74% x 14 inches 
Illustrations by Emlen McConnell 


PHILADELPHIA 


A *““Nature’s 
Plant Food” 


Give your house p’ants an application of 
“BONORA” now, and it will keep them 
in fine, healthy condition througlout the 
winter, thus enabling them to withstand 
the most severe weather, and in the spring 
will bring about results beyond the ex- 
pectation of anyone. Your flowers will 
bloom profusely bythe use of this wonder- 
ful material, and for greenhouse work 
there is nothing to equal it. After you 
once use it you will be as enthusiastic as 
the rest of ovr numerous customers who so 
highly endorse it. Order from your dealer 
or direct. Putup in dry form in all size 
packages as follows ; 

i Ib , making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65 
Bibs, Co ave ~ © 2.50 
rolbs., ‘* 280 co 4.75 
BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome Street § 


New York 


George H. Peterson 
Rose and Peony Specialist 
FAIR LAWN, N. J. 


Catalogues on application 


Try Kerosene Engine 
30 Days Free 
Gasoline Prices Rising 


You can’t run a farm engine profitably on gasoline much longer. 
Price of gasoline going sky high. Oil Companies have sounded the 
warning. Kerosene is the future fuel and is now 6c to toc a 
gallon cheaper than gasoline. The Amazing ‘‘Detroit” is 
the only engine that uses common lamp Kerosene (coal oil) 

a j perfectly. Runs on gasoline, too, better 
than any other. Basic patent. Only 3 
moving parts. Comes complete ready to 
run. Wewill senda “‘Detroit’’ on free 
trial to prove all claims. Runs all kinds 
of farm machinery, pumps, saw rigs, 
separators, churns, feed grinders, wash- 
ing machines. Silo fillers and electric 
lights. Money back and freight paid 
both ways if it does not meet every claim 
that we have made for it. Don’t buy 
till you get our free catalog. 2 to 24h. p. 
in stock. Prices $29.50 up. Special dem- 
onstrator agency price on first outfit 
sold in eachcommunity. 2000 satisfied 
= users. We have a stack of testimonials. 

Write guick. 


The Amazing “DETROIT” 


Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich. 


: ae es ie My ‘ : Fo) SKE chee Me gelieey 


tress Hed 5 : . es 


It Costs No More in the End 
toPlant Bis Trees Like These 


"THAT. big maple, for instance, transplanted where you see it, cost about $40.00 four years or so ago, 
and what a beautiful specimen itis! It gave the desired shade and seclusion to the house from the 
first day it was set owt. It would take ten years for the ordinary nursery tree at $2.00 to reach that size. 

The large pin-oak, at the left, shades the west piazza, besides linking the house in a most effective 
manner to the grounds. It was twenty-eight feet high when we transplanted it. ' 


aa 
4G 
be 
hy 


Our nursery on Long Island is filed with just such splendidly developed trees which we can ship to 
you, or transplant for you, whichever you prefer. 

Smaller trees we have too, but if you want immediate results come to our nursery and select large trees; 
or order them direct from our catalog. In the catalog is a most interesting description of just how we suc- 
Send for the catalog. 


ISAAC HICKS @ SON 


Westbury, Long Island, N. Y. 


cessfully move the large trees. 


A Mess at all seasons 


of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar 


40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your 
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the 
, manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of 


” Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN 
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book 
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising» 
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will 
be sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer. 


Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. 


Buy From A Specialist 
Choice Evergreens oP°cire: I 


Ornamental Planting 


Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS 
Write for large illustrated catalog. 


D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist 
DUNDEE, ILLINOIS 


— More than a thousand homes have been made beautiful by our treatment. Our 
Home Grounds methods are practical and appeal directly to owners of suburban estates. Expert 
advices on all questions pertaining to the planting of Home Grounds. Tell us your needs. We can help you. 


Our collecti n of TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS is the largest in New England. 
Large General Catalog mailed FREE on request. Write today. 


THE NEW ENGLAND NURSERIES, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts 


Hot-bed yard of Mr. M. E. Hiett, Florist, Clarksville, Tenn., 144 Sunlight Sash. 


Plants need | 


You never have to cover Sunlight Sash. Your plants under them get all the light all the time. 


stored by day is held securely over night. ‘The result is bigger, stronger, earlier plants ! 


This is the secret of the wonderful success 
of the Sunlight Double Glass Sash. 


Plants thrive on light. In 
zero weather, under Sunlight 
Sash your plants are as safe as in the open 
airin May. Never any worry or the slightest 
risk about sudden changes in temperature. 
Your plants are never blighted by frost, 
never pale and weak from lack of light. 
Men who grow tto sell will get early, 
stocky plants that make early crops and bring 
big prices. 


No losses 


Write for 
this 
Catalog 


It tells about 
the making of 
cold-frames, hot- 
beds; where to 
put your beds; 
how many people 
get earlier, 
stronger plants; 
hard work done 
away with; and 
things to remem- 
ber. Keep it for 
a reference book. 


The Sunlight Sash never 
demands the labor of cover- 
ing and uncovering. Boards, shutters and mats are 
eliminated. Children can ait the beds. You can 
handle your beds in half the time and by rotating 
plantings, can keep your beds in constant use and get 
great variety, at reduced expense. 


Saves Expense 


It is used by such men as 
Bolton Hall, intensive 
now farming authority; R. L. 

Watts, Professor of Horti- 
culture, Pennsylvania State College; L. H. Cooch, 
editor The Practical Farmer; by the Agricultural 
Dept. at Cornell University and by thousands of 
market-growers and farmers—men who grow to sell— 
in every climate. 


Recommended by 
men who 


The wonderful success of 
Agents wanted Sunlight Sash makes it a 
good paying proposition to agents. A large percentage 
of our trial orders last year re-ordered this year in lots 
ranging from 5 to 100 sash. All you have to do is to 
get afew in ontrial. Write for your territory today. 


- You can have plenty of 
Try a bit of early vegetables for your 


7 1 table, can have violets 
winter garden ng from December to March 


and plenty of pansies for Easter. Try the back-to- 
land plan. Get our freight prepaid proposition. 
Order early to insure prompt shipment. Fast freight, 
safe delivery guaranteed. 


Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 


Se , 
THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


ight 


The heat 


Two layers of glass Between the two is a 4% 


rs inch cushion of air. In 
instead of ome __ freezing weather, any 


space between the sash 
and glass on the upper side freezes up tight and air 
between the two layers of glass becomes absolutely dry 


—a perfect non-conductor—better protection than mats 
or boards. 


“Sold $18 worth 
of plants ” 


Robert Gibson, Corydon, Ind., writes? 

I bought five Sunlight Sash last 
February. Transplanted my 
plants under the glass March to, and 
by April ro, they were in bud. Sold $18 worth of plants. Will 
want ten more sash next fall.” 


“& W. S. Mead, Woodstock, N. Y. writes : 

Three months “Dec. 1st I sowed my seed—radishes, let- 

ahead ” tuce and onions, This is in the Catskills, 

2000 feet above tidewater. I never covered 

the glass. March 25thI picked as fine lettuce and radishes as ever 

grew. On accountof your sash, I am three months ahead of the old 
game, with fresh vegetables for my table.’’ 


927 E. Broadway, 
Louisville, - Kentucky 


tomato © 


A tes 


ee Storm Injury to Trees 15e 


b: New ¢ Christmas Holiday Presents English Cottage Gardens 
ae Rift Annual! “Round-up” of Gardening Experiences $1.00-a Year 


rete om coy ‘ A | AE ee ae 
; : uf ao : ts ae 


NESE Soh ARE 


Sa 
8 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO, oo LDS 


133-137 EAST. 16th STREET, NEW YORK Be 


A Living From Poultry 


$1,500.00 From 60 Hens in Ten Months 
Feet Square 


On a City Lot 40 


O the average poultryman that would 

seem impossible and when we tell you 

that we have actually done a $1,500 
poultry business with 60 hens on a corner in 
the city garden 40 feet wide by 40 feet long 
we are simply stating facts. It would not be 
possible to get such returns by any one of 
the systems of poultry keeping recommended 
and practiced by the American people, still it is 
an easy matter when the new 


Philo System iioprea. 


The Philo System is Unlike All Other 
Ways of Keeping Poultry 


and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing things in poultry 
work that have always been considered impossible, and getting unheard-of 
results that are hard to believe without seeing. 


The New System Covers All Branches of the 
Work Necessary for Success 


from selecting the breeders to marketing the product. It tells how to get 
eggs that will hatch, how to hatch nearly every egg and how to raise nearly 
all the chicks hatched. Tt gives complete plans in detail how to make 
everything necessary to run the business and at less than half the cost 
: required to handle the poultry 
business in any other manner. 


Two Pound Broilers 
in Eight Weeks 


are raised in a space of less thana 
square foot to the broiler without 
any loss, and the broilers are of 
the very best quality, bringing 
here three cents per pound above 
the highest market price. 


Our Six=-Months=Old Pullets are Laying at 
the Rate of 24 Eggs Each per Month 


in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut bone of any description 
is fed, and the food used is inexpensive as compared with food others are using. 

Our new book, the PHiLo System oF POULTRY KEEPING, gives full 
particulars regarding these wonderful discoveries, with simple, easy-to- 
understand directions that are right to the point, and 15 pages of illustrations 
showing all branches of the work from start to finish. 


Don’t Let the Chickens Die in the Shell — 


One of our secrets of success is to save all the chickens that are fully 
developed at hatching time, whether they can crack the shell or not. Itisa 
simple trick and believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and 
Chinese which enabled them to sell the chicks at 10 cents a dozen. 


Chicken Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel 


Our book tells how to make the best green food with but little trouble and have a 
good supply, any day in the year, winter orsummer. It is just as impossible to get 
a large egg yield without green food as it is to keep a cow without hay or fodder. 


Our New Brooder Saves 2 Centson Each Chicken 


No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over-heating or burning up 
the chickens as with brooders using lamps or any kind of fire. ‘They also 
keep all the lice off the chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them 
when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plans and the right to take 
and use them. One can easily be made in an hour at a cost of 25 To 50 CENTS. 


TESTIMONIALS 


Three Pound Roaster Ten Weeks Old 


Mr. E. R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Bellefontaine, Ohio, June 7, 1909. 

Dear Sir:—I just want to tell you of the success I have had with 
the Philo System. In January, 1909, I purchased one of your Philo 
System books and I commenced to hatch chickens. On the third day 
of February, 19 9, I succeeded in hatching ten chicks. I put them in 
one of your fireless brooders and we had zero weather. We succeeded 
in bringing through nine—one got killed by accident. On Juner, one 
of the pullets laid her first egg and the most remarkable thing is she 
has laid every day since up to the present time. 

Yours truly, R. S. LaRue. 


205 S. Clinton St., Baltimore, Md., May 28, 1909. 
Mr. E. R. Philo, Publisher, Elmira, N. Y. 

Dear Sir:—I have embarked in the poultry business ona small 
scale (Philo System) and am having the best of success so far, sixty- 
eight per cent. of eggs hatched by hens, all chicks alive and healthy 
at this writing; they are now three weeks old. Mr. Philo isa public 
benefactor and I don’t believe his system can be improved upon, and 
so I am now looking for more yard room, having but 50x30 where I 
am now. Yours truly, C. H. Leach. 


Mr. E.R. Philo, Elmira,N.Y. South Britain, Conn., Apr. 14, 1909. 
Dear Sir:—I have followed your system as close as I could; the 
result isa complete success. If there can be any improvement on 
nature, your brooder is it. The first experience I had with your 
System was last December. I hatched 17 chicks under two hens 
put them as soonas hatched in one of your brooders out-of-doorsan 
at the age of three monthis I sold them at 35c a pound. They then 
averaged 214 Ibs. each, and the man I sold them to said they were 
the finest he ever saw, and he wants all I can spare this season. 
Yours truly, A. E. Nelson. 


Mr. E.R, Philo, Elmira, N.Y. Osakis, Minn., June 7,1909. 


- Dear Sir:—You certainly have the greatest system the world has 


ever known. I have had experience with poultry, but I know you have 
the system that brings the real profits. Yours, Jesse Underwood. 


Mr.E R. Philo, Elmira, N. Y. Brockport, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1908. 

Dear Sir:—I have had perfect success brooding chickens your way. 

I think your method will raise stronger, healthier chicks than the 

old way of using lamps and besides it saves so much work and risk. 
Yours respectfully, M.S. Gooding. 


_ Send $1.00 direct to the publisher and a copy of the latest 
revised edition of the book will be sent you by return mail 


E. R. PHILO, Publisher, 534 Third Street, ELMIRA, N. Y. 


DrecEMBER, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 207—b 


Look for 
the dog 
on the 
horn and 
cabinet 
of every 
Victor, 
on the lid 
of every 
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and on 
every 
Victor 
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“HIS MASTERS VOICE” 


REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. 


atari ei 


The world’s greatest musical instrument. 


Think of getting for $25 a musical instrument that brings to you the voices of the most famous singers, the music of the most 
celebrated bands and instrumentalists — the best entertainment of every sort. Never has ve bought so much pleasure. 
The proof is in the hearing. Ask the nearest Victor dealer to play one of Farrar’s newest records, ‘‘ Vissi d’arte e d’amor’’ from Tosca (88192) —a 
beautiful record and one that well illustrates the wonderful advances recently made in the art of Victor eae 
See that he uses an Improved Victor Needle to play this record. And while you are there be sure to hear the Victrola. 
Victor Taiking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U. S. A. 


Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors. 
New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month. 


208 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DECEMBER, 1909 


BS Oo SSS SSS SSS Se 


SY) SS 


Le Regular edition, at a popular price, of the standard work on American Gardening 


. The American F lower Garden 


NELTJE BLANCHAN 
Author of ‘‘ Bird Neighbors,’’ ‘‘Nature’s Garden,”’ etc. 


This very sumptuous and valuable book, now issued in its permanent form, reveals the little subtleties 
which bring delight to the home garden. The author has drawn from a vast knowledge of beautiful 
foreign and American gardens, and she points out the great principles of all good gardening. 
The present book is the ‘‘final authority to date’’ and covers adequately the needs of the amateur 
whose garden is either extensive or the reverse; and every fact among the thousands is made 
quickly available by a fourteen-page index. There are four plates in full color, and eighty plates of 
sufficient size adequately to treat the subjects presented. Wuth planting lists by Leonard Barron. 
Regular edition. Net price, $5.00 (postage 35 cents). 


The New Fiction 


Actions and 


Reactions 


By 
RUDYARD KIPLING 


A most delightful and representative 
collection — with tales of India, of 
Machinery, of Animals, of the Ameri- 


oes 


The Lords of High 


Decision 
By 
MEREDITH NICHOLSON 


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“*The Main Chance, ’’ etc. 


The story of Wayne Craighill, ‘“‘the 


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pressed its genius, its confused aims, its a i] | literary event. The book contains : 
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weaknesses and its aspirations,’ and Jeaniiores An Habitation Enforced,’’ © The 


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how he realized his own possibilities through the inspiration of a 
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Daphne in Fitzroy Street 


The Master 


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In the Border Country 


By JosrpHinE Dasxam Bacon. An elevated and unique 
series of tales for women—pointing out that woman’s true part 


in life is rather to teach great poems and stories to her children © 


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The Leopard and the Lily 


By Marjorie BowEN. This is a tale of breathless adventure, 
of grim lawlessness and unbridled passions — in those medizval 
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of Milan.” Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.). 


The Thin Santa Claus 


By Ettis Parker Butter. How a kindly and _ benevolent 
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a superb bit of nonsense by the “Pigs is Pigs’? man. Tllus- 
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Just for Two 
By Mary Stewart Curtinc. Five stories of love and court- 


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The Big Strike at Siwash 


By Grorce Fitcx. A football story, by our new humorist, 
who makes his debut with one of the most rousingly funny 
stories that have ever appeared. Illustrated. so cents. 


The Half Moon 


By Forp Mapox Hurrrer. Mr. Hueffer’s fine, sturdy novel 
of Henry Hudson, the voyage and the discovery compares well 
with the good ripe stories that deal with the period. Fzxed 
price, $1.35 (postage t2c.). 


Warrior, the Untamed 


By Witt Irwin. - An uproarious story of the roamings of a 
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The Golden Season 


By Myra Kerry. Myra Kelly’s unfailing vein of sprightly 
humor has full play in this charming story of the escapades of 
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$1.20 (postage 12¢.). 


Arsene Lupin 
Novelized by EpGAR Jepson from the Drama by Maurice 
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Robin Hood of the city; he preys only upon the rich; he is 
inexhaustible in resources, brilliant, elusive, mysterious — 
and has, withal, a sense of humor that is a delightful contrast to 
most detective tales. Illustrated. Price, $1.50. 


Little Maude and Her Mamma 


By Cuartes Battert Loomis. Just what a classic is may be 
hard to define, but this story has pleased millions of English- 
speaking people. Illustrations. 50 cents. 


Putting on the Screws 


By GouverNEuR Morris. There have been few books so 
radiant with the spirit of the holiday season as this wholesome, 
unaffected tale of domestic trials and a well-deserved reward. 
Fixed price, 50 cents (postage 8c.). 


By E. Nessir, author of “The Incompiete Amorist,” etc. It 
would be hard to find a more engaging picture of fresh 
young girlhood than Daphne, the heroine of this moving love- 
story. Frontispiece. $1.50. 


A Court of Inquiry 


By Grace S. RicHMonD, author of ‘‘On Christmas Day in the 
Morning,” etc. A charming story of a group of girl and men 
friends and their pairing off. Mrs. Richmond has never written 
anything so entertaining. Illustrations. Fixed price, $1.00 
(postage t2¢.). 


The Lady of Big Shanty 


By F. BERKELEY SmiTtH. A moving story of the great North 
Woods, and the influence of the primeval wild in bringing out the 
true womanhood in Mrs. Thayor, a “butterfly of fashion.’ 
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12¢.). 


A Girl of the Limberlost 


By Gene STRATTON-PorTER. A _ parallel and companion 
story to “Freckles,” with as delightful a heroine as you’ll find 
in several years’ fiction. Illustrations im color. $1.50. 


At the Foot of the Rainbow 


By Gene Srratron-Porter. A simple outdoor romance 
of tender love and devoted friendship—the friendship which 
gives freely without return, and the love which seeks first the 
happiness of its object. Mew edition. Illustrated in color by 
Oliver Kemp. Price, $1.50. 


The Southerner 


By Nicuoras WortH. A striking novel of Southern life, pic- 
turing the successful struggle of the men since the War—full of 
real history, of adventure and romance. Fixed price, $1.20 
(postage 12c.). 


EN DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK 
Ne SBR I OI ODS OSS FOSS 


gf ere SSE IOS 


DECEMBER, 1909 


SOO LE LD OLE DOLD OLDE DL Pe POLL ADIOS 


ARTHUR RACKHAWM’S 


RUDYARD 
KIPLING’S 


A Song of the 
English 
Illustrated by W. Heath Robinson 


For this well-known poem, which 
is a typical example of Mr. Kip- 
ling’s superb rendering of heroic 
and national thought in verse, 
Mr. W. Heath Robinson has 
prepared a magnificent series of 
illustrations. There are thirty 
full pages in color, ten full 
pages in black and white, and 
pen decorations on every page. 
Orders will be taken in advance 
as the edition is limited to one 
thousand copies. Illustrated by 
W. Heath Robinson. Size about 
tox 12. Net price, $5.00. 


TEES GAR Dik N 


MAGAZINE 


GEORGINE 
MILMINE’S 


The Life of 
Mary Baker G. Eddy 


AND THE HISTORY OF 
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE 


This is the first time that any 
reliable facts have been gath- 
ered ‘together of the career of 
this remarkable woman and of 
the history of the movement 
which she inaugurated. The au- 
thor carefully and impartially 
takes up the period of Mrs. 
Eddy’s erratic youth, her years 
of invalidism, and her acquaint- 
anceship with Quimby, and ac- 
quisition from him of the idea 
of the “Allness of Mind.” 25 
illustrations. Net price $2.00, 
(postage 20 cents). 


‘ 


Superbly Illustrated Editions of 


Grimm’s Fairy 
Tales 


Mr. Rackham feels that this 
superb edition of ‘““Grimm”’ is his 
highest achievement as a creative 
illustrator, for these tales have 
always appealed to him pecul- 
iarly. The book is a triumph 
in every way. Fifty illustrations 
in color. Net price, $6.00 (post- 
age 4oc.). Edition de luxe, with 
artist’s autograph, limited to 100 
copies. Net price, $20.00. 


Undine 


Fouqué’s famous classic is the 
kind of fanciful subject which 
gives Mr. Rackam’s imagination 
full sweep, and this volume will 
doubtless take its place as the 
standard edition of this classic. 
Many illustrations 1n color and 
black and white. Net price, 
$2.50 (postage 12c.). Edition de 
luxe, limited to 250 numbered 


Net price, $6.00. 


copies. 


Also Illustrated by Arthur Rackham 


A Midsummer-Night’s Dream. 
Net price, $5.00 (postage 30 cents). 
Irving’s Rip Van Winkle. 


Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland. 
Net price, $1.40 (postage 12 cents). 


50 illustrations in color. 
13 illustrations in color and 14 in black and white. 
Large paper edition. 


4o illustrations in full color and 34 in black and white. 


Net price, $5.00 (postage 30 cents). 


Net price, $10.00. 


UPA 


The Story of the Negro 
B 
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON 


Author of ‘‘ Up from Slavery, ’’ etc. 


A positive, triumphant record of progress— 
the final work to date on the history of the 
Negro; for, beyond Dr. Washington, there 1s 
nobody in the world whose statements on the 
Negro in America carry more weight or more 
human interest. J/lustrated. Two volumes. 
Net price, $3.00 (postage 30 cents). 


The Fireless Cook Book 


This book presents in simple form the directions for making and keeping the inexpensive hay-box, or fireless cooker. 


Land of the Lion 


By 
DR. W. S. RAINSFORD 


Dr. Rainsford spent all of last year hunting 
for big game on the Nzoia plateau in British 
East Africa, during which time he walked 
more than 4,000 miles. His record of exper- 
iences ‘and graphic descriptions tell of the 
great game hunting as it now is in Africa. 
Many vivid illustrations. Net price, $3.50 
(postage 25 cents). 


The Poetry of Nature 


Edited by 
HENRY VAN DYKE 


Sixty poems of Nature, selected by Dr. Van 
Dyke, with a preface by the editor. The 
volume has been embellished with sixteen 
pictorial illustrations by Henry Troth, four 
of them plate-marked and all exquisitely 
reproduced in photogravure. It is a gift- 
book for the discriminating. Boxed. Net 
price, $2.50 (postage 25 cents). 


By MARGARET J. MITCHELL 


No up-to-date housekeeper 


or cook will be long without this guide to real labor-saving in house-work. Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings. Fixed price, $1.25 (postage 12 cents). 


Wild Flowers Every Child Should Know 


This fascinating book is designed to enable anyone to identify those Wild Flowers which are most commonly found in America. The descriptions 


are concise and accurate, and many interesting myths, legends, folklore, and uses of Wild Flowers in history and medicine are included. 


illustrations 1n color and 48 black and white. 


By FREDERIC W. STACK 


Four 


New Garden and Nature Books 


The Dog Book 


A magnificent companion to the “‘Poultry Book,” covering 
every phase of the dog in America, with full accounts of every 
prominent breed. 128 full-page pictures. New edition, com- 
plete in one volume. Net price, $5.00. 


Guide to Taxidermy 


By CHarves K. Reep and CuHrester A. REED. The straight- 
forward aim of this book is to enable the reader to gain com- 
plete mastery of the art of Taxidermy. Very fully illustrated. 
Net price, $1.50 (postage i2¢.). 


House Plants and How to Grow Them 


By PARKER THAYER BARNES. A manual of the best plants for 
house cultivation and indoor decoration, giving foliage and 
flowers all summer and winter; their raising from seed and 
home propagation. Illustrated. Net price, $1.10 (postage 12Cc.). 


Flowerless Plants 


By ExizAseTH H. Hate. The purpose of this book is to 
interest children in, and impart information on, flowerless 
plants. More than too illustrations. Net, 75¢ (postage toc.). 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW f 
EOI OD OE ALO AA DEAE ee 


The Poultry Book 


The first comprehensive work on the subject in this country for 
amateur or professional alike. One great volume with 36 
color plates, and 636 other pictures. New edition, complete 
im one volume. On subscription, $7.50. 


Trees Every Child Should Know 


By Juria ELLEN RoceErs. “Trees Every Child Should Know” 
is written for children, by one who knows children as she knows 


trees. 
Nature Calendars for 1910 


Ideal calendars for the many thousands of nature lovers 
whose ranks are growing so rapidly. There is a colored 
plate of a bird or flower, suitable to the particular season for 
each month in the year, together with a description of the species 
represented. “Size, over all, 10x 14; heavy green mounts; gold 
stamping, 12 color plates on each. Each, $1.50. 


The Garden Week by Week 


By Watrter P. Wricut. This practical handbook, imported 
from England, by the author of “The Perfect Garden,”’ coyers 
the gardening operations for every week in the year. Net 
price, $2.00 (postage 15¢.). 


Gold Fish — Aquaria — Ferneries 


By Cuester A. REED. To explain the best methods of stock- 
ing and maintaining aquariums of ornamental fish is the object 
of this invaluable little handbook, and the author writes with the 
delightfully intimate and informal touch of the enthusiastic 
amateur. There is alsoa chapter on the making and care of the 
plants, ferns and mosses for the fernery. Many original illus- 
trations. Net price, 50 cents (postage 6c.). 


Bird Guide (Revised Edition) 


These books are intended to take into the field with you. Nothing 
could be more compact and handy; no detail is omitted that is of 
importance or of unusual interest to the student. Every bird 
is shown in color, and every bird east of the Rockies is included. 
In two parts. Pocket size. Colored illustrations. Parts I and 
II bound in a single volume. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.75. 


Part I: WATER AND GAMEBIRDS: Birps OF Prey. More 
than 200 illustrations in color. Flexible cloth. Net price, 75 
cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 


Part II: Lanp Brrps East oF THE Rockrrs: From PARROTS 
TO BLuEBIRDS. Over 200 illustrations in color. Flexible cloth. 
Net price, 75 cents. Flexible leather. Net price, $1.00. 


) 
V 


The Readers’ Service gives injorma- 
210 tion about real estate. 


OUR Christmas Ex- 
pression of Good-will 


may be projected over the whole of the 
coming year by giving a year’s subscription 


to any 


one or more of the 


great leading 


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Question 
Can the same amount of money spent in 


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The American Magazine, $1.50 
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Country Life in America, with 
Homebuilders’ Supplement, 
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Cosmopolitan, $1.00 a year 

Current Literature, $3.00 a year 

Delineator, $1.00 a year 

Everybody’s Magazine, $1.50 a 
year 

Garden Magazine — Farming, 
$1.00 until February 1, 1910 

Good Housekeeping, $1.00 until 
February 1.1900) i 

Hampton’s Magazine, $1.50 a 
year 


Harper’s Bazaar, $1.25 a year 
Harper’s Monthly, $4.00 a year 
Harper’s Weekly, $4.00 a year 
Judge, $5.00 a year 

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McClure’s Magazine, $1.50 a 
year 


Motor, $3.00 a year 

Motor Boating, $1.00 a year 
Review of Reviews, $3.00 a year 
Short Stories, $1.50 a year 
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Woman’s Home Companion, 
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Orders for any of these magazines may be sent through 
a reliable agency or dealer, or will be filled by 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 


133 East Sixteenth Street, New York City 


Magazine Catalogue Sent on Request 


ILLETT’S 


Hardy Ferns and Flowers 
For Dark, Shady Places 
Send for my descriptive catalogue 
of over 50 pages, which tells about 
this class of plants, It’s free. 
EDWARD GILLETT,BOX C SOUTHWICK, MASS. 


“*Trade Mark” 
Kills San Jose Scale. 
strong as you think fit. 


Horicum, old reliable 


ORCHIDS 


Largest importers and growers of , 
OrcHIDs in the United States 


LAGER &® HURRELL 
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. 


No Magic—Lime, Sulphur and Salt concentrated. Make just as 
Follow directions and get results. 


Send for pamphlet to HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT WORKS, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. - 


Sold by Most Seedsmen. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DECEMBER, 1909 


The Florist’s Bibliography. By C. Harman Payne. 
William Wesley & Son, London, 1908; pp. 80. 
Price, $1.50 postpaid. 


An invaluable work that should be in every 
reference library. It includes everything of impor- 
tance, save the rose, which has a bibliography of 
its own. Every collector of ‘florists’ flowers” will 
undoubtedly be deeply interested in this volume. 


Dry Farming. By William Macdonald, Ph.D. 
The Century Company, New York, 1909; pp. 290, 
photographically illustrated. Price $1.20 net. 


Dry farming is a mighty important and inter- 
esting subject. It is one of the romantic chapters 
in the progress of man, for it has made the desert 
blossom like the rose. Dr. Macdonald is well 
fitted to write on this subject because of his wide 
travels and experience in America, Africa, and else- 
where. His book has nothing of the land-boomer in 
it, and is both scholarly and practical. 


The Training of Farmers. By L. H. Bailey. 
The Century Company, New York, 1909; pp. 263, 
no illustrations. Price $1.00 net. 


A series of essays, some of which have appeared 
in the Century Magazine. Part I. is devoted to the 
means of training farmers; Part II. deals with the 
school and the college in relation to farm training. 
Some of the subjects are: “Why Do Boys Leave the 
Farm?,” “Why Some Boys and Girls Take to 
Farming?,” “College Men as Farm Managers,” 
“The Reading Habit,” ‘“‘The Insufficiencies in 
Country Life,” and ‘Health Conditions in the 
Open Country.” 


How to Cook Vegetables. By Olive Green. 
G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1909: 644; pp- 
no pictures. One of Putnam’s Homemaker Series, 
edited and compiled by Olive Green. Price, 
$1.00 net. 


A book of recipes on an heroic scale; e. g., 336 
ways to cook potatoes. One wishes that some of the 
most elaborate recipes had been discarded to make 
room for information about the lesser common 
vegetables. There are only 27 of the commonest 
vegetables in this book, whereas American seeds- 
men offer at least 74 different kinds. The author 
includes macaroni, noodles, hominy, sphagetti 
and chestnuts, which “‘may not be vegetables 
but ought to be, since in serving, they take the 
place of vegetables.” She also gives 51 sauces 
for vegetables. The arrangement is alphabetical 
and there is also a fair index. 


That Rock Garden of Ours. By F. Edward 
Hulme. George W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, 
1909; pp- 328; 50 colored illustrations from drawings 
by the author. Price, $3.00 net. 


We regret that this book is so much like another 
book by the same author, viz.: “‘Familiar Swiss 
Flowers.” True, the list of plants is somewhat 
different, but the style of illustration is the same. 
The title leads one to expect garden views, but these 
are only plant portraits arranged without any 
system. And it is tiresome to see roo unrelated 
flowers in pairs or triplets on the same plate. 
The descriptions are good, but the text follows no 
system and the cultural part is almost mil. English 
amateurs never tire of rehashing Gerarde’s Herball, 
when they would improve us so much more if 
they would depict the most beautiful garden effects 
and tell us how to get them. We have plenty of 
books that picture the flowers themselves. 


DrecEMBER, 1909 


Twelve 
Christmas Gifts 
In One 


That’s exactly what a Christmas Gift 
of a year’s subscription to THE 
WoRLD’s Work, COUNTRY LIFE IN 
AMERICA or THE GARDEN MAGa~- 
ZINE means. A gift of this nature 
does not end with the passing of the 
Christmas days—it just commences. 
For twelve months thereafter the 
magazine comes as a pleasant re- 
minder of the giver. Can you think 
of a present which, at so little ex- 
pense, will give more pleasure and 
good, lasting entertainment? 


We have an attractive Christmas Card 
which will be sent to reach the recipient’s 


AT THE DIRECTION OF 


WE HAVE PLACED YOUR NAME UPON OUR LIST FOR A YEAR'S SUB- 


SCRIPTION WE HOPE THE 
MONTHLY VISITS OF THIS PERIODICAL WILL BE PLEASANT REMINDERS 
OF THE FRIEND WHO MAKES THIS GIFT. WE EXTEND BEST WISHES 
FOR A VERY MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO,, NEW YORK CITY 


home in time for Christmas. The card will 
bear the name of the giver and best wishes 
for A Merry Christmas and A Happy New 
Year. As hundreds take advantage of this 
means of giving Christmas gifts, by ordering 
early you can avoid any possible delay in 
entering the subscription. Be sure to give 
us your own name as well as that of the re- 
cipient’s. The subscription will begin with 
the January number unless otherwise ordered. 


The World’s Work, - $3.00 a year 
Country Life in America, $4.00 a year 
The Garden Magazine, - $1.00 a year 


Doubleday, Page & Company 
New York City 


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BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., New York, Chicago. 


THE BOOKS OF 


Ellen Glasgow 


The Battle Ground 
The Wheel of Life 
The Voice of the People The Deliverance 
The Freeman, and other Poems 


The Ancient Law 


Published by 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & €CO., N. Y. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


If you wish to purchase live-stock 
write the Readers’ Service 


Genuine 


Red Cedar Chest 


Practicability and sentiment are combined in such a gift. Your gowns, 
furs and hats in one of our genuine Red Cedar chests are absolutely safe 
from moths, dust and dampness. Our chests may be handed down as 
heirlooms—they are of such beautiful and honest craftsmanship. 


It is extremely difficult to purchase chests of genuine red 
cedar in most stores in this country. Where it is possible, prices 
are almost prohibitive. We build our chests here in the heart of 
the red cedar section. We send them direct to you—cutting out 
the wholesalers’ and retailers’ profits—even paying the trans- 


Ze 


Old-Fashioned Colonial Chest. Made of % in. Solid 
Bed Cedar. Beautifully polished, natural, hand 
Trubbed finish. Strong lock, brass casters, brass lid aay 
cedar handles. Bound with four wide bands of dull 
finish copper. Studded with heavy conpee rivets. Out- 
side dimensions: Length 44in. Width 21 in. Height 
2lin. No.60. Christmas price $25.25, freight prepaid 
east of the Mississippi River. 


portation charges ourselves. 

The Colonial Window Seat or Hall Chest, No. 58, is made of % 
in. Solid Red Cedar. : d 
finish. Fitted with strong lock, brass casters and brass lid stay. 
Bound with wide bands of dull i 
old-fashioned heavy copper rivets. Outside di 
44in. Width 204 in. Height 20 in. The Special Christmas price 
is $22.50 delivered prepaid east of the Mississippi River. 
Teieht charges for points beyond quoted.) 

y 


Beautifully polished, natural hand-rubbe 


Studded with 


finished copper. 
imensions: Length 


(Extra 
our Special 15 Days’ Free Trial Offer you can 


examine this chest in your own home at no cost to yourself. If 
unsatisfactory we even pay the return freight charges. 


Send now for our catalog of chests of all styles and prices. 


PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST COMPANY, Dept. 62, STATESVILLE, N. C. 


Ask Your 
Santa Claus for a 


Lilium Henryi 


The The most popular of the hardy lilies, because 
F it lasts so well. ‘len to twenty years are none 
Most too longa time to Exped! it to stay when well 
set in good garden soil. 
Popular My stock of this lily is very good, and I can 
Hardy supply it at 40c. each or $4.00 per doz. 
Lily F.H.HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. 


“BEAUTIFYING HOME SURROUNDINGS” 


tells the best, most practical way to plant for immediate effect, 
Shows how to improve your property. Free. Write today. 


OV E T LANDSCAPE SERVICE 

Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. 
» COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 


PROFIT FARM BOILER 


With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in 
one minute. The simplest and best arrangement 
for cooking food forstock. Also make Dairy and 
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Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc. 07 Send 
for particulars and ask for circular L. 


D. R..SPERRY & CO. 


Chickering Pianos 


SEND FOR CATALOGUE 
Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


a B. Shredded or 
Mm ags Pulverized 

Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No 
bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of 
Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 lbs.). Write 


—— | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 
1¥ Union Stock Yards, Chicago 


Batavia, IIl. 


A” The Great 
Magical Fertilizer 


Have you triedit? If not do so at once 
and you will be astounded at the results 
obtained. Forhouseplantsof every variety 
it is not only an absolute necessity but a 
veritable luxury, as it will infuse new life 
into theplant, greatly enhancing the beauty 
of the flower. Used and highly endorsed 
by the greatest authorities of the country, 
among them Luther Burbank. Test it 
yourself, and you will never be withoutit. 
Order from your seed houses or direct. 
Descriptive circular on application. Put 
up in dry form in all size packages as 
follows: 

1 lb., making 28 gallons, postpaid, $0.65 

5 lbs., 140 cr 2.50 
ro lbs., 280 ) 4-75 


BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 
488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome Street 
New York 


THE GREATEST. DISCOVERY) 
OF MODERN TIMES. 
PLANT F() 


BonorA Cuenca Co. 


584 Baoaoway. New YOR 


The experience of sixty years in growing Seeds 
and Plants is concentrated in 


Vick’s Garden and Floral Guide 


It is instructive and reliable in descriptions and 
illustrations. Send your name today for a copy. 
It’s free to all. 


JAMES VICK’S SONS, 362 Main St., Rochester, N. Y. 


George H. Peterson 


Rose and Peony Specialist 
Box 50 Fair Lawn, N. J. 


WITH THE 
“EMPIRE KING” 
and bugs, worms, blight, etc., will have no 
terrors for you. Best construction, perfect agitators 


no scorched foliage. We make all sizes and styles of Gasoline 
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FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. 48 Eleventh St., Elmira, N. Y. 


112 pages. 
No. 2, 168 pages; both FREE. 
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PZONIES and other perennial hardy plants in large supply. 
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Over half acentury of ale dealing has given our products that prominence which merit 
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by mail, postpaid—safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Hundreds of carloads of FRUIT AND 
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Immense stock of superb and choice CANNAS—the queen of bedding 


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(6) 
Box 95, Painesville, Ohio 


212 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DEcEMBER, 1909 


a a 


VV 


TEN YEARS OLD 


Perhaps at this Christmas season it is a good 
time to thank our friends for showing more 
interest in all our publishing enterprises than 
in any previous year. 

The extent of the circulation of our maga- 
zines has much increased, a healthful and sub- 
stantial growth, we like to think, rather than 
spectacular or abnormal. We have sent out 
more books, and, we like to think, better books, 
and when our first decade ends, which ‘will 
be on January 1, 1910, we believe we can 
look back and say that Doubleday, Page & 
Company has got a fair start. 

Next to our friends outside the shop, we 
wish to express to our other friends, the staff, 
in the shop, made up of many scores of faith- 
ful, energetic, and progressive men and women, 
our thanks and appreciation. 

To our customers and our associates, every 
one, we wish a Merry Christmas and a Happy 
and Prosperous New Year. 


LONG-TERM SUBSCRIPTIONS 


On page 247 of this number of The Garden 
Magazine, you will find a more complete state- 
ment of what long-term subscriptions are, and 
why, in our opinion, they are a good thing for 
the subscriber as well as for ourselves. 

Particularly is it to the interest of any reader 
of The Garden Magazine to take a three-year 
subscription for $2.00. The price of the 
annual subscription will be raised on Feb- 
ruary, 1910, to $1.50 a year. By taking a 
three-year subscription now, you get it at the 
rate of 67 cents a year, which opportunity will 
never occur again. As we said before, one of 
these years may be sent to a friend as a Christ- 
mas present if you chocse. 

At this time of the year, we should like to 
have you consider short or long-term sub- 
scriptions to our other magazines, The World’s 
Work, one year for $3.00, two years for $5.00, 
and three years for $6.00. For Country Life 
in America, one year for $4.00, two years for 
$6.00, and three years for $8.00, with the same 
provisions for giving one of these years to a 
friend as a part of a subscription when three- 
year term is taken. 

The Christmas numbers are good numbers 
to begin. 


ALK: OF-THE- 


TL 
TO 


“To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight.””—A zlony and Cleopatra 


THE COUNTRY LIFE CHRISTMAS ANNUAL 


It is probably not for us to say, but perhaps the 
most cheerful and joyous publication we know of 
to inspire and uphold the Christmas spirit is 
this gorgeous and yet sane annual. It is not like 
its English contemporaries, mostly splash and 
time-worn sentiment, but a living representa- 
tion of the holiday of this year of Our Lord, 
1909. Here is a list of some of the contents: 


A Man and His Job, by A. W. Dimock. 

The Seven-fold Interest in the Candleberry, by Julia 
E. Rogers. 

Colonial Holidays, 
Walter Tittle. 

The Oldest Form of Writing — Tracks, Ernest Thomp- 
son Seton. 

The Child’s Christmas, Helen W. Cooke. 

A Floral Hobby with a Real Purpose, Leonard Barron. 

The Finest Fruits Raised Under Glass, A. Herrington. 

Fun on Skees, by ‘“‘ Topical.” 

What England Can Teach Us About Indoor Gardens, 
Wilhelm Miller. 

The Adventures of a Suburbanite (Jolly Old Santa 
Claus), by Ellis Parker Bulter. 

Old Tables and Sideboards, Walter A. Dyer. 

The New Sport of Flying, Augustus Post. 

The Amateur Photographer, Phil M. Riley. 

Gardening Under Glass, E. F. Canning. 

And all the regular departments, including Garden and 
Grounds, The Nature Club, Stock and Poultry, 
Stable and Kennel, Ideas and Experiences of our 
Readers, etc., etc. 

The Home-builders’ Supplement : 

A Place for the Wood. 

Some Attractive Country Home Designs. 
Storm Windows for the Country House. 
A Small Stone House with Large Rooms. 
Architectural Harmony on a Small Place. 


The pictures speak for themselves. 


Compiled and Illuminated by 


THE AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN 


Last May we published an expensive edi- 
tion of The American Flower Garden, by Neltje 
Blanchan, author of Bird Neighbors, Nature’s 
Garden, etc. Every copy was subscribed for 
before the book was issued, and it is now ‘“‘rare 
and scarce.” We have just ready a library 
edition for $5.00. 


THE NEW BOOK CATALOGUE 


We have had to make it something more than 
a dull list of books. It is the biggest cata- 
logue we have ever issued, and volumes which 
have served their turn have been omitted — 
we have tried to make it a live list. The book 
fills about 200 pages, is alphabetically arranged 


FICE: | 


———————) 


under subjects, fiction, history, biography, 
travel, etc. It has a full index in addition, 
and more than all, the descriptions, if we have 
not failed in our endeavor, are truthful and 
really tell just what a reader wishes to know 
about a book. People far from bookstores, 
who cannot examine the new books, are in- 
vited to select books from its pages. It is for 
our interest to have you send for a copy. We 
even go so far as to think you will wish to keep 
it. A postal will bring it. 


THE GARDEN AND FARM ALMANAC FOR I910 


It is a pleasure to be able to say that this 
book for the country home — a guide, philoso- 
pher and friend, as we have frequently said — 
has become a standard publication. It has a 
place all its own, and we describe it in an 
advertisement on another page. The price in 
paper is 25 cents. ; 


PRIZE REVIEWS 


The offer for the best reviews of Meredith 
Nicholson’s book, ‘‘The Lords of High Decis- 
ion,” will not close until December 2oth. 
Here are the particulars: 


I. Copy to be written only on one side of sheet, 
typewritten preferably. 


2. ‘The review to be not more than 1,000 words. 
750 would be better. 


3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than 
December 20th. (Extended from Dec. 5th.) 


4. ‘The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
February, r910, numbers of Doubleday, Page 
& Company's magazines, Country Life in 
America, The World’s Work, and The Garden 
Magazine. 

The First Prize is $50. The Second Prize 
is $30. The Third Prize is $20. The Fourth 
Prize, books from our book catalogue to the 
amount of $7.50. The Fifth Prize, books to 
the amount of $5.00. The Sixth Prize, a 
subscription to Country Life in America. The 
Seventh Prize, a subscription to The World’s 
Work. 

Address Review Contest, 
DouBLEDAY, Pace & Company, 
133 E. 16th St., New York. 

As the authors are often anxious to read these 
reviews, we shall not return them unless espec- 
ially requested to do so and postage is enclosed. 


I h l 
Ducimnne, 1AOD FIG Gu DN IASG AZ TON one 2 earciaae Rive stock 213 


DECEMBER, 1909 


CovER DESIGN—The Garden in Winter i 5 : : : : So Ua ane : : ; ; : ; : j : Henry Troth 
f PAGE PAGE 
A New AND BETTER KIND OF CHRISTMAS GIFT . 5 5 Bits IMPROVING TOMATOES : , f ; . WN. B. White 234 
Photographs by J. H. McFarland and others A GARDEN THAT PAIp : ; Se ie 234 
A New CurisTMAs_. . Ida M. H. Starr 216 ; oh : 
Photographs by C. W. Benson andiothers THE VALUE OF FERTILIZER IN THE SOUTH Thomas J. Steed 234 
FirtH ANNUAL ‘“‘ RoUND-UP” OF GARDENING EXPERIENCES . 219 AISI ys ONE AIO: aK a 
Photographs by the authors A Hoppy IN GRAPES . 2 F F 5 . NN. B. White 236 
PUTTING THE GARDEN TO SLEEP : . Sherman R. Duffy 222 BLACKBERRIES GROWN ON A TRELLIS . Laura B. Carpenter 236 
Bre PREPARED FOR ICE STORMS : ; , GID, Ions Ban IN THE STRAWBERRY PATCH ; 3 : y HF. Witte 236 
Be cere sin Lhe Uther : ! ROMS ABOU TD DWAR MIRERGE lve 8 2) CoB S.loa6 
LESSONS FROM ENGLISH COTTAGE GARDENS Wilhelm Muller 227 ; 
Photographs by F. Mason Good and E. J. Wallis THE PEKIN DUCK IN THE GARDEN . 5 » OE. Jordan 236 
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE . . Ellen Eddy Shaw 230 A Winbow CUTTING-BENCH : . eC, La VMiicrzas 
Photographs by H. L. Schultz and others Photograph by the Bho 
WALLFLOWERS ALL WINTER : : . Roosevelt Johnson 232 A Piant Stoot oR TABOURET . : EEA Sere 
ILLUMINATING CHRISTMAS TREES : ; 5 é 12, IN, BRP Photograph by H. L. Schultz 
An “ArcADE” TRELLIS. , : : .  I,-M. Angell 232 THE DIFFERENCE IN CATALPAS Snes ; 0 (Go lis Gy Bau 
Photograph by the author AN 
: THRACNOSE ON ROSE BUSHES : ; M. D. Mars 
TOMATOES AND Pras. . sie ee L. E. Robinson 232 a le aie arshall 244 
ome iicsiron Kuowme Pos | 0°, s . E.G. EL. 232 INTER Ecos APLENTY! . . .  . «RE. Roberts 246 
BorDEAUX MIXTURE FOR THE SMALL GaRDEN A.C. Brown 232 Try Propacatinc Now . . . . Thomas J. Steed 248 
EARLY AND LATE PLANTINGS OF POTATOES ! ? H 5 DRA ANOTHER Goop PorcH VINE 3 ° : : Me, Lal Degen 248 
My CucumBer PATCH ‘ : 2 : A. M. Ingraham 234 ANSWERS TO QUERIES ‘ : 5 ; ; ‘ : . 250 


SUBSCRIPTION: WILHELM MILLER, Epiror—Copyricut, 1909, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Foreign Postage 
One dollar a year Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 add 65c. 
Single Copies 15 cts Fs dae yaaial H. W.L d For Canada add 35¢. 
F. N. Doustepay, President Watter H. Pacer, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents . W. Lanier, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


Bobbink & Atkins 


W orld’s Choicest Nursery Products 


Autumn Plantings 


ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS. SHADE, WEEPING TREES AND 
FLOWERING SHRUBS —in every size and variety, adapted for any 
location and climate. More than fifty acres of our Nurseries are devoted 
to the growing of these. 

HARDY OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS-— in every variety for the for- 
mation of Old Fashioned Flower Gardens and Borders. Blooming in 
early Spring, they should be planted in the Autumn. We can estimate 
on the quantity you need for a given space. 

RHODODENDRON MAXIMUM AND CATAWBIENSE—These are 
the native varieties and are indispensable for massing. 

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES—In all varieties, for 
every place and purpose, in pots and field grown. 

BULBS—Dutch Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi and Miscellaneous Bulbs; also 
English, Japanese and French Bulbs in every variety. Ask for our 
AuTuMN BuLB CaTALoG, which also describes Old Fashioned Flowers. 

FRUIT TREES AND SMALL FRUITS—We have a splendid stock of 
American growth in all the finest and best varieties. 

TRAINED AND DWARF FRUIT TREES—We earry at all times large 
quantities. Several pages of our catalog are devoted to their descrip- 
tion and contain valuable information pertaining to same. 

DECORATIVE PLANTS—We have a large quantity of Palms and other 
plants for interior decoration. 

BAY TREES—We carry at all times a large quantity of these attractive 
Evergreen trees. Growing in tubs they can be shipped any distance. 
We have all sizes in Pyramidal and Standard form. 

ORNAMENTAL EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND BOXWOOD— 
are indispensable in the creating of permanent decorative effects. With- 
out their use, your grounds are incomplete. (For Spring Planting.) 

TUBS—We manufacture them in all sizes. Ask for price list. 

OUR NURSERY PRODUCTS-—give permanent satisfaction to our cus- 
tomers, because they possess the standard of quality created by the 
highest grade of cultivation. 

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG NO. 25 will tell you about 
the above and all other products for Lawns and Gardens. Write for it. 
WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE 

VISITORS TO OUR NURSERIES ARE ALWAYS WELCOME 


Nurserymen and Planters Rutherford, N. J. 


Grow Hyacinths 
In Glasses with Fibre 


To popularize the growing of 
hyacinth bulbs in glasses (colors ame- 
thyst, blue and green) with fibre or 
water, we make the following special 
offer: 


One Ist size Hyacinth and one Tall 

Or Cine WS EGS 5 6 5 os 5 SIU EE 
Two Ist size Hyacinths and two Tall 

or two Tye glasses . . 65 
Three Ist size Hyacinths and three Tall 

or three Tye glasses . 
Four Ist size Hyacinths and four Tall 

or four Tye glasses . . . , 
Five 1st size Hyacinths and five Tall 

or five Tye glasses 


With sufficient fibre to grow them; also cultural 
directions for growing bulbs in fibre and our 
Autumn Garden Guide free to every purchaser. 


Color of Hyacinth and shape or 
color of glass left to purchaser. 


ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON 


Seedsman 
342 West 14th Street New York City 


Hyacinth growing in Tye Hya 


214 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The Charm 


which has the same character, 
concrete. 

The most popular building material today for the 
country place is concrete. It is brought to the grounds 
in the shape of sand, gravel, cement and water, and man- 
ufactured on the spot into stone, producing a house all 
in one piece. 

Such a house cannot burn, is cool in summer, warm 
in winter, permanent, lasting and durable, and in the 
hands of the right architect has a charm of form in the 
contrast of the cement with the green foliage, 
which cannot be equaled by any other material. 

To insure success, however, be sure that the 
cement used is Atlas Portland Cement. This is 
the name of a brand which has quality and, there- 
fore, gives quality in construction. 


and that material is 


of a 


depends a great deal on the relation of the house and 
the grounds to the landscape. 

To give this quality stone has been used, but there 
is a material more easily worked than stone and cheaper, 


DECEMBER, 1909 


Frank Cotter, Architect 


Country Home 


Good concrete was never made with poor cement. 
Poor concrete was never made with Atlas Cement. 
Standard, uniform, pure are the qualities of 


ATLAS 


PORTLAND 


CEMENT 


which is made in the plants having the largest output in 
the world, and which supply the cement for use on the 
Panama Canal. 


Concrete Construction about the Home and 


SOW on the Farm - = - + «= = Free 
i. —.— “Gy Concrete Houses aut Cottages 

SS PORTLAND B , = vi al i cI ange Houses - - $100 

; jome books for your ol. I. S Houses - - 100 
AT LAS f Re fo g Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction 

2, CEMENT <4 information ivery charge) - - - - 10 

<“t4y STN < Concrete in Highway Construction - - - 100 

TEE Concrete in Railroad Construction - - - 100 

Concrete Cottages - - - Free 

NONE JUSTAS GOOD Concrete Country Residences (Our of print) - 2.00 


If your dealer cannot supply you with Atlas. write to 


THE ATLAS porttano CEMEN Tcompany, INQUIRY DEPT., 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 
Largest output of any cement company in the world. Over 50,000 barrels per day 


: 
' 
| 
i 


The 


arden Magazine 


VoL. X—No. 5 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


A New and Better Kind of 
Christmas Gift 


ERETOFORE, we have encouraged 
the practice of giving florists’ flowers 
and plants at Christmas time. We do not 
discourage it now. Such gifts would be 
nearly ideal if the plants were grown by the 
givers, but unfor- 
tunately this is 
rarely practical. It 
takes too much time 
and forethought for 
most people to grow 
their own Christmas 
gifts. Even Roman 
hyacinths, the 
quickest of all, need 
six weeks. 
Consequently 
everybody buys 
flowers or plants at 
a store. ‘They give 
a great deal of 
pleasure during the 
holidays, but soon 
afterward most of them are thrown away. 
The finer and costlier plants, such as azaleas, 


Baby’s first Christmas 
tree 


Think how many of these will never be sold! And 
all willbe burned in three or four weeks 


DECEMBER, 1909 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy 


roses and lilacs, cannot be made to bloom 
well a second year without a greenhouse. 
Of course, the practical thing is to “board 
them out” at a florist’s. But a person of 
sentiment always winces at such a course. 

We have just learned of a method by which 
you may put more personality into such a 
gift and make it far more permanent. A 
lady whom we know gives her family every 
year a large and beautiful evergreen tree 
at Christmas time. She is careful to choose 
long-lived species, like white pine, hemlock 
and red cedar instead of the showier but 
short-lived retinisporas. Therefore she will 
probably have the satisfaction of seeing 
them grow to a height of fifty feet or more. 
And I have no doubt that these memorial 
trees will some day have beautiful and 
permanent labels which record the age of 
each and the occasion on which it was 
planted. The chances are that these trees 
will be cherished by her children and grand- 
children to the fourth or fifth generation. 

How much better is this custom than the 
heedless destruction of Christmas trees! 
Look at this picture of balsam spruces on 
the wharves of a great city. Think how 
many will be unsold and burned! Remem- 
ber that none of them can ever grow again. 
And then look at this picture of the northern 
forests, showing the devastation wrought 
by those who chop down Christmas trees 
for gain. Will you be a party to this needless 
waste any longer? 

Here is a better idea for your Christmas 
tree. Let the children dig a little’cedar a foot 
or two high in the woods and put it into a 


pot. Let them decorate it and have it on 
the table during the holidays. Then they 
can plant it out in the yard. It may live 


and it may not, but it is a step in the right 
direction. Some day the florists will all 
have little white pines and red cedars 
which have been specially grown and potted 
so that they will live and become great 
trees. Perhaps you can get something of 
the kind from your nurseryman now. 

The more you think of it the more this 
idea grows upon you. For our northern 
winter is bleak and ugly and what better 
Christmas idea is there than to make winter 
comfortable and cheery? You can get 
a Siberian dogwood or salmon barked willow 
three feet high for fifty cents. It will be a 
good big bushy specimen and will give you 
a bit of color every sunny day this winter. 

“But,” you may object, “you cannot 
plant holly, rhododendron, mountain laurel 
and other broad-leaved evergreens at 
Christmas.” 

True, but you can always give your family 
or friends an earnest of your gift. The 
nurseryman can write a letter saying that 


See this devastation in the Christmas tree country! 
Will you encourage it any longer? 


he will send the nursery stock at the proper 
time — say April — and you can cut a pic- 
ture out of his catalogue or get an extra 
fine spray of holly as a token. 

Do not dig good sized evergreens from 
the wild in winter. They will die. You 
must get nursery-grown evergreens that 
have been frequently transplanted and 
have a large ball wrapped in burlap. 

But there are many other ramifications of 
this idea; for instance, a windbreak to save 
coal and make possible an outdoor play- 
ground for the children; barberries and other 
shrubs with red fruits that are attractive 
all winter; a dozen species of holly, euon- 
ymus or viburnum, and a five-dollar col- 
lection of miscellaneous winter beauties. 

The idea is so new that nurserymen, in 
general, are not prepared for it yet, but 
by the time these words are printed we shall 
know who are the progressive spirits and 
if you do not know how to realize your idea 
ask the editor for help. 


Why not plant a live tree at Christmas time and 
see it grow like this? 


ee royal month has come and _ there 

is to be holly and mistletoe on the walls 
of Hope House and there is to be a new 
Christmas, once again. Yes, for this is the 
second Christmas in the real country. The 
second New Christian. It began last year 
of itself. It came unasked, undreamed of, 
and as the royal days approached the great 
festival of the Christtian year, we found 
ourselves in the midst of a new experience. 
Wonderingly we looked to see if we were real; 
if the happy people moving about us in such 
tranquility, if they were real. Could it be that 
William Morris’s dream had become a fact, 
that the cities had dissolved, that the peoples 
of the world had spread out into the country, 
and that a new race of contented, happy 
and beautiful beings had sprung into life? 

Do you truly love gardens? Of course, 
I know you love green spring gardens and 
the wonders of redolent summer gardens, 
but do you love them well enough to care 
for all the others? That’s really the test. 
To feel that your love will hold good when 
the garden is befrowzled in the rough and 
tumble of the late fall; or when the rainy 
season is come; or when your garden is 
metamorphosed into a snow cloud let down 
to earth, or into an icicle spun from the 
dripping, shivering lips of the northwest 
gale; do you truly love all of this? If you 
truly love gardens well enough to go on 
with a calm heart after things have withered 
and died, and all is bare and frozen: oh, if 
you truly love gardens, and never lose 
that vision of the garden celestial your fancy 
paints — then you will know what it is to 
feel a song down in your heart, somewhere, 
in a heart that has, perhaps, long been silent, 
an actual song in an actual heart, a song 
singing there softly, creeping up note by 
note until it touches a voice — your voice. 


A New Christmas 


By Ida M. H. Starr, Maryland 


‘‘ HEIGH HO! SING HEIGH HO! UNTO THE GREEN HOLLY.’’ 


Then you know what it is to find yourself 
with face to the East on a morning of the 
royal month, when suddenly unknown to 
yourself, undreamed of, there comes a lifting 
of your arms and you reach them up toward 
the sky, standing thus alone in a new world 
with a new soul. 

This lift to the arms had been coming to 
me all along the way. From the time when 
I first stepped into the chaos of the old 
garden, through all the long labor of love 
among plants and flowers, there was the 
arm-lift stealing up from the earth into 
my quickening step, on and up to my fast 
loosening spirit, until suddenly up reached 
the arms and something unspeakable 
touched my soul. 

And this at Christmas time — that was 
the strange part about it all; the time of 
hurry and worry, of buying and spending, 
of fatigue and insatiable desire. Marveling, 
I became conscious that we were not hurrying 
or worrying or buying. Something new 
was coming to us, a new sensation; and I 
laughed and suddenly stopped, and turned 
to see if someone was listening to that new 
and laughing voice, actually singing at 
Christmas time. 

Iran down to the garden, whence I thought 
it had come, half fearful lest I might find the 
old wearying Christmas there. No, not 
there, nor in the field, nor in the still, orderly 
house. And it dawned upon me that there 
was really nothing to do for Christmas, but 
be glad! 

“Then heigh ho! the holly! 
This life is most jolly.” 

In November of that old year, with still 
some taint of the old Christmas in the blood, 
we decided that certain gifts must be bought; 
a few, just for the family. So we went 
to the big city. 


On the way we met a friend, a belated, 
country-loving make-believe, running away 
to escape the fast approaching bug-a-boo of 
a winter in the country. © 

““How late do you stay?” 

“Late? How late?” 

“Yes. How late?” 

“Why, all winter.” 

“‘All winter? How do you stand it?” 

“Stand what?” 

“Why it. The country.” 

“T don’t stand it. I love it.” 

“What, down there, miles from every- 
body ?” 

“Yes, miles from everybody.” 

“And you’re never lonesome?” 

““No— never. Never a minute.” 

One, two, three days found us hurrying 
through the city streets to finish our shop- 
ping, for we were in a strange state of mind. 
We felt that something important might be 
happening, away down there in the country, 
which we must not miss. 

For some reason Christmas did not loom 
up before us as such an exacting and 
abnormal event, such an absolute task- 
master as in former years. Other things, 
important things, had unlocked the barred 
doors of our consciousness with such a 
gentle, sane turning of the key that we were 
amazed, and thought to ourselves that 
however pleasant it was to be free, should 
we not—out of consideration for family 
traditions — step back again into the dark? 
However, we ventured forth. 

This, the second year, finds us safely 
beyond the barred doors. Unconsciously 
we have grown to be of one mind with the 
great, quiet world about us, a sane and 
normal world, bounded by a blue dome 
above, and a mellow, rich earth beneath. 

The whole relation of things seems to 


4 - bs F, a : 5 
Oh Sa | yale: a 
a 


“‘ Of course, I know you love green spring gardens and the wonders of redolent summer gardens’”’ 


216 


«HLAVa OL NMOCG LYT GNOTO MONS V OLNI GHSOHATYUONVLEAN SI NHYGUVSD BANOA NAHM», 


218 


have changed. World values have gradually 
been dropping into the remote distance, 
and do not now show their one-time true 
perspective, and in their place other values, 
springing primarily from the earth, seem 
now to be the important things. 

Now, if there were no more room in the 
world, if one had forever and forever to be 
following after the same old tired and 
misunderstood Christmas with its infinitude 
of distorted values, its flowers turned to 
weeds, you should never be told of this new 
adjustment, of the important calls of the 
country in this kingly month, which have 
made the turmoil of the towns at Christmas 
time seem to us a mockery and a desecration. 

Listen! Down by the bridge over the 
creek, where the tide washes up in a long 
ribbon day and night the year around, there 
is a family of quail, hiding beneath the 
bridge. Should a great storm come and 
crush the earth with a white blanket, they 
might all perish unless someone were there 
to save them with hands full of grain. 

Where the box grows thickest and the 
ancient yew drops its long pendant garlands 
of green, some English daisies tossed there 
from the garden in the late fall have taken 
root and they may be blooming — yes, even 
blooming — their hardy little faces aglow 
with the frost, down there among the box, 
where the lilies are asleep. Should we 
miss it? 

Close to where the rattling bamboo 
shivers in the frosty air there’s a little 
““baumschule” of baby box and the tiny 
yew slips. What would happen if a thick 
fog should come wallowing up the Bay, 
turning to ice as it touched all living things, 
and the wee children in the garden should cry, 
oh, so piteously; and further on, past where 
the garden lay so helpless, our cypresses 
and junipers, our little firs and spruces, 
hemlocks and pines, our retinosporas and 
our young scarlet plumed maples — what 
would happen if no one who loved them 
were there when the storm of liquid glass 
shuts them all in glistening caskets, shimmer- 
ing with the stiffness of death ? 

Experience has taught us that storms on 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the Eastern Shore spend their fury in four 
days, perhaps these very days we are hurry- 
ing about in the big world. On the fifth day 
we know that the sun must have relented — 
that it is shining, that the merciful snow 
—yes, the snow 7s merciful—is melting 
on the terrace — we know that we could step 
out into the garden path on some young 
brave little sprigs of grass. 

Then-we know that once started we can 
take more than one step, that another and 
yet another patch of clear earth will be 
luring us on, until the whole garden length 
has been traversed and we reach the great 
white cross in the cemetery, both so old 
and so white, for the snow lies long in among 
the tall bushes about the ancient graves, and 
the great white cross, the giant sycamore, 
reaches out its message of silent peace to 
the garden hard by. Then we steal on 
to the holly alight with berries by the laborer’s 
cottage, whence a symphonic poem bursts out 
into the December sunlight, from a host 
of singing, fluttering birds. 

Should we miss it? Is winter to be 
maligned, dreaded and ignored by the lover 
of gardens, just because of its silence, its 
brown and white covering, its dearth of 
flowers and its scantiness of verdure ? 

One blustering December day a year ago, 
we two were sitting by a splendid open 
fire. We were waiting for a sound. One 
lives by sounds in the country. Some 
belated fruit trees were .on the way, and 
their arrival meant work for all. Even the 
old house was silent, as was the garden, and 
we waited, not for the Yuletide guests, nor 
for the gay home-coming of children, for 
there was work yet to be done before the 
feast was spread. Christmas Day was no 
longer an exacting tyrant taxing all our 
thought and energy to make ready its 
celebration to the exclusion of accustomary 
duties. 

Meantime the Master of the House read 
aloud, as follows, from a musty little volume 
containing the incomparable letters of 
General Washington: 

“The more I am acquainted with agricul- 
tural affairs, the better I am pleased with 


DrEcEMBER, 1909 


them, insomuch that I can nowhere find 
so great satisfaction as in those innocent 
and useful pursuits. In indulging these 
feelings I am led to reflect how much more 
delightful to an undebauched mind is the 
task of making improvements on the earth 
than all the vain glory which can be acquired 
from ravaging it, by the most uninterrupted 
career of conquests.” 

The equanimity which distinguished the 
life of this true lover of gardens seemed 
to fall noiselessly from the pages of those 
old letters. 

While the Master of the House read 
further to himself, I began to plan for the 
Great Day. 

Should we follow letter by letter the 
tradition of our first new Christmas? Yes, 
letter by letter. 

There should be the splendid frolic through 
the snow down to the woods for our tree, a 
glistening berry-laden holly. The Master of 
the House cuts it down while we cheer, it 
is borne in triumph down the lane to the 
great House, and decked in splendor with 
lights on the royal eve. The Yule guests 
led by the children march in solemn step, 
each with a gleaming taper, down the long 
stairway to the room of state, chanting: 


“Christ was born on Christmas Day. 
Wreath the holly, twine the bay. 
Life and light and joy is He, 

The Babe, the Son, the Holy One, 
Of Mary.” 


Then comes that moment of awed silence 
before the tree, when the spirit of the new 
glad Christmas descends upon us. Then 
there is the wonder of the feast, the Christ- 
mas cakes, the Christmas sweets, and last 
of all the Christmas bowl. 

Yes, it shall be the same Christmas, letter 
by letter. 

Then after the early awakening on 
Christmas morning, and the giving of simple 
gifts, there is the glad singing, and the 
procession once again to the woods, to the 
great beech tree, to cut another cross — 
the Christmas Cross—in the Yule tree. 

All this should again be as it was —so 
dreamed the Flower Mother. 


‘“ Where the box grows thickest and the ancient yew drops its long pendant garlands of green’’ ; 


Fifth Annual “Round-up” of Gardening Experiences 


REGULAR CHRISTMAS JOLLIFICATION BY READERS OF THE GARDEN MAGAZINE WHO HAVE GOTTEN BIGGER OR 
EARLIER FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWERS, OR SOLVED PECULIAR PROBLEMS IN SOME CHEAPER OR BETTER WAY 


[Epiror’s Nore — This is a unique feature among Christmas periodicals — these tales of interesting gardening experiences by “Tue Garpen Macazine family.’ Every year 


these true stories seem to get better and we hope that you will not fail to send us a photograph of some “ record breaker 


” 


or other interesting experience you have had. 


We will gladly 


send you a check for every acceptable story of this sort — perhaps enough to buy all the seeds you want next year, or those bulbs you couldn’t afford! | 


Swiss Chard Four Feet Long 


Marcarer A. SmirH, Illinois 


iP NOT 47 by 13 inches a record breaker 
for a “chard” leaf? 

Crisp, tender swiss chard at the age of 
twelve weeks! 

The seed was planted June 3d and by 
the first of July they were ready to eat. 
Chard is a very economical vegetable, one 
plant being sufficient for a meal for four 
persons. It grows best when given a warm 
exposure and rich, loamy soil. 


Two Weeks Ahead of All Hardy 
Perennials 
RANDOLPH ISHAM, Pennsylvania 


HEN a famous Philadelphia nursery- 

man catalogued a plant said to bloom 

““two weeks before any hardy perennial” I 
gave a shout of joy, for if there is any time 
when the heart craves flowers it is in the 
month of March. I paid $2.50 for a dozen 
plants of what the nurseryman called 
Adonis Davurica and got about $25 worth 
of pleasure the first year. For I had the 
earliest flowers in town and these broad 
yellow flowers seemed as cheery as sunshine 
itself. Some opened in late February and 
all were in full bloom during the first half 
of March, or about a fortnight ahead of the 
crocuses. Naturally I went around with 


my chest thrown out like a Russian ‘sleigh. 

I am no botanist, but I see that Bailey’s 
Cyclopedia considers Adonis Davurica a 
synonym of the common spring Adonis 
The latter is a native of 
Perhaps A. Davurica is 


(A. vernalis). 
Southern Europe. 


Swiss Chard, a kind of beet, is the best yielding 
of all vegetables 


The earliest of the spring flowers, Adonis Davurica, 
bright yellow in February 


a Japanese form with earlier flowers. Bailey 
also mentions a species from the Amoor 
River (A. Amurensis). Can any one tell 
me whether that is a March bloomer also? 


Gardening in Barrels 
I. M. ANGELL, New York 


{ee THE spot available for a garden is too 

stony to plant anything, the case is not 
hopeless, for a barrel garden will be found 
to be a good substitute. 

On some “filled” land that would not 
grow anything we set a barrel containing 
one-third drainage material and two-thirds 
good soil. Into it we transplanted three 
cucumber vines. They bore smooth, finely 
formed fruits of excellent quality. Three 
tomato plants were raised in the same way, 
on a large rock. Many dozens of tomatoes 
were taken from this otherwise unproductive 
spot. Muskmelons also gave a crop where 
it would have been impossible to prepare 
the soil to raise vegetables. 

Flowers are more commonly made use of 
to raise in this manner and we took advan- 
tage of the adaptability of nasturtiums and 
petunias to set kegs on a strip of soil that 
was composed of stones and cinders and 
on a rock too large to move and too ugly 
to leave uncovered 

Plants grown in barrels should have a 
soil well supplied with plant food, as their 
feeding ground is so limited. Since they 
cannot draw on the water in the subsoil they 
will require frequent watering. If the 
cucumbers and tomatoes are located near 
the laundry they will appreciate a weekly dose 
of the soapy water. Holes must be bored 
in the bottom of the barrel for draining and 
ventilation. Another point to remember 
is that the soil should not fill the barrel to the 
very top, for a rim will make it easy to flood 
the barrel, when necessary, without spilling. 


219 


Even crevices between rocks may be 
used for portulaca beds. These bright 
little plants gave four months of bloom, over 
a hundred flowers a day, from a very small 
patch so located. 


Window Boxes with Vines Sixteen 
Feet Long 
W. E. BrinkerHorr, Michigan 


HE window boxes here pictured are 
each 34 by ito by 8 in., and cost 
$3.50 each. ‘The florist who filled the boxes 
was Instructed to cover the front of them with 
vincas and German ivy in order to secure 
trailing foliage, and to fill in behind with 
different varieties of begonias, dusty miller, 
and dracena. 

The boxes were filled about two weeks 
before they were put out on the window 
brackets, as the house was being painted 
during that time. The date on which they 
were put in place at the windows was june 
18th, 1907. 

As the boxes were intended for foliage 
in a somewhat shaded place, no attention 
was given to flower effects. When the 
vines had grown downward until they were 
within about four feet of the ground, they 
were looped together and continued to 
grow both up and down as shown by the 
photographs. 

The distance from the top of the boxes - 
to the ground is 16 ft. 2 in., and the ends of 
the vines are 2 ft. 6 in. from the ground; 
had the vines not been looped up, they would 
have trailed on the ground. 


If you have only space for a barrel you can grow 
your own cucumbers 


220 


The Most Corn in the Least Space 


RatpH Mason, New York 


Ay ERE is a better way to get a large 
yield of corn from a small piece of 
ground, than crowding the rows - close 
together when sowing the early seeds. 
Instead of trying to squeeze the rows into 


a space two and one-half feet apart, the. 


same result can be accomplished by sowing 
the earliest sorts five or six feet apart, using 
the space between for radishes, lettuce to 
be transplanted, or any crop that may be 
removed in time for the later corn. Sow 
the later rows midway between the others. 
The plants will be small until the first 
sowings are cleared off, after which they 
will have room to spread. The first way 
makes a dense thicket, which neither sun- 
shine nor picker can penetrate easily; the 
second way gives space for cultivation 
and picking, for at no time are the rows 


In shaded places German ivy will give wreaths of 
foliage sixteen feet long 

crowded. If the early rows are sowed 

May ist, the later ones may be put in as 

late as July ist and still give a good return 

before frost, unless the season should be 

unusual. 

The same principle may be applied to 
many other vegetables that are usually 
sowed so close that weeding and cultivating 
are a trial instead of a pleasure. 

Not all vegetables are suited to this method 
of alternating late and early plantings, but 
the plan is very satisfactory applied to bush 
beans, beets, carrots, kohlrabi, lettuce and 
others with similar characteristics, the 
smaller ones, of course, being set much 
closer than the corn. If planted so that 
the earlier ones are pulled out while the 
later ones are very small, the gardener will 
be getting a large yield from the ground 
given without at any time losing the space 
necessary for his pathway between the 
vegetables. 


THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


Plant corn between rows of earlier Maturing vege- 
tables to save space. It is better than crowding 


A Cactus Sixty Feet High 
A. B., New York 


TERE are very few cacti that attain the 
proportions of a tree. ‘The tallest 
and best known is the one known in Arizona 
as the suwarro, which often attains a height 
of twenty-five feet and has been known to 
grow sixty feet high. Botanists have jong 
known this by the name of Cereus giganteus. 

But Dr. N. L. Britton, director of the 
New York Botanical Garden, has long 
believed that this cactus is not a cereus at 
all. It differs so much from other cerei that 
he believes it ought to be considered a new 
genus. He has therefore named it Carnegia 
in honor of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, who is 
one of the directors of the Garden. Those 
who are interested in the characters of the 
new genus will find them in a recent 


Surely this is the worst of spiny plants—a palm 
that is native in Mexico 


DECEMBER, 1909 


issue of the Journal of the New York 
Botanical Garden. 


The Meanest Cuss in the Vegetable 
Kingdom — 
R. E. Frets, Florida 


jas about your porcupines! Will you 

be so good as to give one swift glance 
at the prickly customer on this page, and tell 
me if this brute doesn’t take the record as 
the meanest palm on earth? How would 
you like to handle a creature with a stem 
like this? His horrid name is Acanthoriza 
aculeata. He runs wild in Mexico, but this 
specimen was captured and put in a green- 
house at the New York Botanical Garden. 


A Delicious Monster 


CHARLES W. PEACOCK, Ohio 


I NEVER supposed there was a botanist 

with a sense of humor, but the man who 
named the plant here pictured Monstera 
almost human 


deliciosa must have had “‘ 


The giant cactus of Arizona, growing sixty feet 
high, has been named Carnegia 


intelligence.” It is the only plant I have 


ever seen with perforated leaves, and they — 


are so whopping big (often two feet long) 
that this feature alone is enough to give the 
plant an uncanny appearance. But the 
aérial roots which are sent out at intervals 
from the snaky, crawling stem are suggestive 
of the bandersnatch. Young specimens, of 
course, are quite tame, but big, old fellows 
are strong in their demoniac suggestion. 

“Monster” is easy to understand but 
where does “‘delicious” come in? The fruit 
answers that description. In the tropics it is 
known as the ceriman. It looks like a pine 
cone. The accompanying photograph is the 
only one I have ever seen of the flower. Of 
course, it is an aroid as you can see by the 
spathe or hood which shows its relation to 
the calla and the jack-in-the-pulpit. 


DECEMBER, 1909 


Monstera deliciosa is a giant aroid with edible spadix. 
The flower isa combination of pineapple and banana 


Perhaps you can catch a glimpse of the 
jack or spadix inside the hood. That is 
what grows into the fruit. The fruit is 
about six or eight inches long, and green 
like a pine cone, but is covered with charac- 
teristic hexagonal plates. 

It was a great event when our monster 
began to bloom and we watched the develop- 
ment of the fruit with eagerness, wondering 
when it would be ripe. At last it showed 
a tinge of yellow and the rind came off in 
kits at the touch. So we nibbled gingerly 
at the delicious monster. It has a flavor 
between that of a pineapple and a banana 
and is highly fragrant. But we could not 
pump up any great enthusiasm for it. The 
ceriman soon cloys, as do many other trop- 
ical fruits. 

All the same, Monstera deliciosa is a 
delicious monster and I am going to give 
him lots of room in my hothouse, for he is 
a beauty in more senses than one and every 
visitor admires him. 


An Unbeatable Arbor Vine 


Harry ERSKINE; Connecticut 


ie IT a wonder, when you come to think 

of it, what a few vines will do? Just 
look at this old arbor or summer house at 
the Dana place, Dosoris, Long Island. 
They say the kudzu vine is the quickest plant 
that grows and the biggest roots will send 
up stems that grow three feet a day for a 
while. But in the north, the kudzu vine 
dies down to the ground every year. 

Therefore I say, give me the good old 
trumpet creeper (Tecoma radicans), the one 
you see on this page. Look at its beautiful 
pinnate foliage, always free from insects. 
And think of its big orange trumpets borne 
all summer! They attract humming birds 
too, the most fascinating creatures that fly. 

And what other vine could make so per- 
fect a canopy as this in, say, seven to ten 
years? 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


A New Way of Protecting Pansies 
ViotA McCotim, Kansas 


| MES the summer of 1908 our pansy 
bed had the usual care. By attend- 
ing to the hoeing, watering and the picking 
of wilted flowers and of seed-pods the 
pansies bloomed continuously until hard 
freezing came. Then it was that we desired 
to save the plants for the next year. The 
pansies were directly against the north side 
of the house and having no natural protec- 
tion must have a cover placed over them. 
If covered too heavily, or too closely, the 
plants would smother or decay. We tried 
the plan of laying a few fence posts in the 
bed and putting on these a layer of corn 
fodder — not too thick a layer. The posts 
held up the fodder so the pansies had some 
air. The fodder was a cheap, convenient 
protection that had no objectionable seed 
to fall off and come up, the next year, 
among the flowers. 

Early this spring the covering was removed 
and the pansy roots, having gone through 
the winter in good condition, soon sent up 
a strong growth that bloomed freely. And 
the bed was attractive all through the sum- 
mer and fall. Some trimming or pruning 
of the old plants was necessary. Many 
new plants came up from seed, and where 
there was room or where it seemed desirable 
to save the new plants they were taken care of. 

It is not satisfactory to keep the same 
pansy bed, for a number of years filled with 
the same old roots and seedlings from same, 
for the flowers do not maintain their original 
size and beauty. Any way one wants a 
change of varieties and colors of pansies. 
But for two years the same bed is very 
satisfactory and easily kept. 


Surprising Growth of Roses 


EUGENE RYAN, Ottawa 


[Ele the past season been unusually 
favorable for the growth of roses? 
It would appear so from what I have 
observed in my garden. I have a Frau 
Karl Druschki that finished the season 
eight feet high. This is not a climbing 
rose, but a stout-stemmed tree. I pruned it 
last spring to three feet. There were a 
dozen other hybrid perpetual roses which 


221 


Is there a more luxuriant flowering vine than the 
old trumpet creeper ? 


grew seven feet high and over. All the 
hybrid perpetual roses grew unusually tall. 
It must be remembered also that in flowering 
time, every flower was plucked, thereby 
giving the trees a second severe pruning, 
nevertheless in the months of August and 
September they achieved this remarkable 
growth. The hybrid teas the same. I 
have one Etoile de France that beats any- 
thing in the hybrid tea line I ever saw. 
The Killarneys grew amazingly. Not only 
was the growth tall, it was vigorous and 
spreading in every instance. About the 
rst of September, however, I pruned out all 
the growths but the strongest, as I do not 
like a spreading bush. Despite the sur- 
orising growth of wood, the flowers were 
never produced so abundantly, were never 
so large and fine, and never flowered over so 
long a period. It was altogether a remark- 
able yearin my rose garden. ‘The spring and 
summer were mostly cool and wet. My 
roses are mostly Irish grown, so perhaps 
the moist conditions helped. My soil is a 
rich, moist, black loam, fertilized heavily 
in the spring with stable manure. I cul- 
tivate the rose beds in growing time on an 
average of twice a week. Perhaps that 
helps too. However, I am not sure that any 
or all of these things explains away the 
exceedingly rapid and vigorous growth of 
my roses during the past season. 


This pansy bed was kept a second year and gave flowers all through both seasons 


Putting the Garden to Sleep—By Sherman R. Duffy, ™% 


SOME EXPERIENCES WITH PLANTS THAT WERE KILLED BY THAT EXCESS OF MISPLACED 
ZEAL WHICH IS NOT KINDNESS— WHY SOME ‘“‘HARDY’’ PLANTS ARE MADE TO DIE IN WINTER 


[eee happy transition in gardening ideals 
from tender to hardier plants has 
opened up the whole problem of putting 
a garden to bed so it will not be sent to sleep 
that knows no waking. Formerly, before the 
possibilities of hardy gardening were so well 
illuminated by THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 
Country Life in America and a few horticul- 
tural publications, the fall campaign con- 
sisted of cluttering up all the windows with 
geraniums’ which grew lank and leggy, 
anemic coleus, and such material which 
graced circular and oval patches in the 
geometrical centre of the front door yard. 
Fall work in the garden was represented by a 
lot of back-breaking digging. The growth 
of gardening which relegates these showy 
but tender subjects to a minor position in 
favor of the hardier ones is a good one and 
the beauty of it all is that it forces a closer 
study of the plants themselves, their habits 
of growth and their winter requirement. 

The mistakes which myself and others 
have made in covering the crowns of per- 
ennials with such a heavy mulch of barn- 
yard manure that they rotted led to a doubt 
of the veracity of the firms who sold plants 
and seeds. When a plant is advertised as 
absolutely hardy and then dies the first 
winter, the natural inference is that it isn’t 
hardy. But protests to florists and seeds- 
men have had their reward. 

The word ‘‘hardy” has been a much 
abused one. Once when I protested to a 
Chicago seedsman about some plants that 
were advertised in his catalogue as hardy and 
hadn’t proved hardy for me, he asked me 
what I had done to them. I told him I had 
given them a good mulch of manure late 
in November and even then they had died. 
He looked at me pityingly and said, “It’s 
hardy if you don’t kill it.” 

Some things are hardy if only given a 
chance. Others are hardy with half a 
chance; and some few are hardy with no 
chance at all. 

The one ineradicable idea in this part of 
the country (among those who till the soil) 
is that manure is the alpha and omega, the 
start and the finish and all the intermediate 
distance in gardening. The idea that un- 
limited manure isn’t good for everything 
suggests imbecility. Hence many trials 
and tribulations in the fall of the year in 
putting my garden to bed through mis- 
guided but well meant assistance and a 
distrust of my intelligence and gardening 
sanity when the information is given out 
that certain portions of my garden must 
not be piled high with manure or covering 
of any kind. 

While manure is beyond cavil the start 
it has as unquestionably been the finish 
of a great many of my prized gardening 
subjects. 

In these cold, sad, gray days of November 


there is a lot of work to be done in the 
garden, and work that must be done right or 
else it had better be left undone. Were I 
a predatory plutocrat or even a corporal of 
finance, putting the garden to bed would be 
no trouble at all for I should have ranges of 
coldframes, and gardeners to clap my plants 
into them, slap on the sash, and then next 
spring there is the garden. But coldframes 
cost real money; they take up a lot of room 
in a yard which is in constant use and which 
allows only a small corner for a frame, so the 
garden must be sent into winter quarters 
as best it may with the least expense. 

If coldframes are expensive, soap boxes 
are not, and I have raised as fine gloxinia 
flowered foxgloves and Canterbury bells as 
ever grew in a coldframe and have even 
wintered wallflowers safely under the pro- 
tection of the inartistic but effective soap 
box. 

With the firm belief prevalent that every- 
thing must be covered with manure, it 
becomes necessary for me to get such things 
as foxgloves and perennials or biennials 
with evergreen crowns covered to protect 
them from the deluge from the barnyard 
which is sure to come when I am away from 
the scene of activity. It isn’t so very long 
ago that I awoke to the error of my way in 
mulching everything a foot deep each fall. 
It was a labor conducted with considerable 
effort and with direful results. 

Foxgloves to me were the puzzle of the 
garden for some time. I knew they were 
hardy. Everybody told me they were; but 
I would raise a fine crop of seedlings and 
mulch them with a good coating of manure 
in the late fall and in the spring maybe 
one or two came through, but not more. 
A section of a board walk was accidentally 
thrown over one corner of my foxglove bed 
a few winters ago. In spring I found 
underneath it a fine crop of foxgloves, hardly 
a leaf gone. It was the solution and that 
started my soap box collection. Boxes 
go over foxgloves, canterbury bells and 
other evergreen perennials — and they grow. 
The annual cleaning of the barnyard backed 
by the faith that moves mountains of manure 
may descend upon my collection of boxes but 
it cannot do any harm, for the plants are kept 
dry and have ventilation and with this care 
they are hardy. 

A foxglove is not hardy in this climate — 
not reliably hardy, at least, when left without 
protection, or when heavily mulched. There 
are a lot of alleged hardy subjects that 
are not hardy unless properly approached. 
They are hardy if not smothered or drowned. 
Wallflowers will survive reasonably if well 
planted high and dry and covered. 

I used oak leaves last fall on bulb beds and 
on a patch of foxgloves. There seems to be 
a peculiarly warm quality to these leaves, for 
daffodils came up through the leaves even 


229 


faster and with a more lanky growth of leaves 
than they have through manure, when despite 
threats, prayers and entreaties, the bulb 
beds got their cover from the barnyard. 

It is interesting to put some new subject 
to bed for the winter. Last year I tried 
some of the alleged hardy gladiolus. They 
were planted close to the wall on the south 
side of the house and given two feet of 
manure; a few survived, but did not bloom. 

With perennials that die to the ground and 
disappear — such as larkspurs and colum- 
bines — the manure mulch is fine but what 


a slaughter undue mulching has caused ~ 


among my posies! In northern Illinois where 
the winter may be open one week and 
closed down below zero the next, conditions 
are trying for all except the absolute ironclads 
among the hardy posies. 

Sometimes some of my most admired 
beds will come through magnificently with 
good mulch and other times they won’t. 
Snapdragons are peculiar propositions to 
me. Some years they will winter beautifully 
when well covered with a mulch of manure 
put on after the ground freezes. Other 
seasons they will absolutely perish so they 
are put to bed with hopes only. 

The one feature of sending my garden into 
winter quarters that is still a puzzle to me 
is what to do with those plants which insist 
on growing when they ought to be resting. 
It took some time to make me believe that 
the big green crowns of candidum lilies 
wouldn’t be seriously hurt by cold weather. 
Spanish iris spindle up through any kind of 
mulch at most unseasonable times; I don’t 
give them any protection now and think 
they do better. 


My one 6 x 6 coldframe is the spare bed. 


In it are primroses and double wallflowers. 
with a few early bulbs. It is a new acquisi- 
tion and has yet to be experimented with. 
Primroses I have everywhere and they are 
as mean as a baby about going to bed prop- 
erly. They always come pushing through 
any sort of a mulch with weakened stems 
if mulched and if not protected the vagrant 
chickens get green winter food much too rich 
for their blood or for the good of their giz- 
zards. 

The proper style of fall and winter gar- 
menting for a border seems to me to be a 
subject requiring a finer knowledge of the 
nature of the plants than their culture 
during the growing months. At any rate 
I know that improper covering has cost 
me dear and that it takes some little study 
now to give everything just the right amount 
of protection, not too much nor yet too little. 
The idea that plants are protected to keep 
them cold instead of keeping them warm 
was a brand new one when first presented, 
the old idea that protection was for the pur- 
pose of keeping them warm being at first 
glance the natural impression. 


os 


i , 
poten 


eh 


WHEN THE SUNLIGHT PLAYS ON THE ICE-LADEN BRANCHES IN THE EARLY MORNING EFFECTS AS BEAUTI- 
FUL AS THOSE OF SUMMER MAY BE SEEN 


The white pine was uninjured 


Many of the pitch pines were broken off near the ground 


The larch stood the racket well 


Be Prepared for Ice Storms—By C. D. Jarvis, ex 


THOSE GORGEOUS DISPLAYS RUIN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS WORTH OF TREES 
—YOU CAN PREVENT MUCH OF THE DAMAGE AND MINIMIZE THE REST 


[Eviror’s Nore.— Every magazine editor buys a lot of pictures of ice-clad trees, but after a while he sickens of them, because there is nothing to say about them except 
“See how pretty!” That is not very helpful to the thousands of people who are mourning the loss of grand old trees which they value beyond all price. But now there has waked up 


in the State of Connecticut a real man who tells us not merely what to do 


“after the horse is stolen,” but how to prevent the ortginal loss. And instead of giving us pictures that 


are simply pretty, he sends photographs that bring important news and help. Prof. farvts 1s horticulturist of the Storr’s Experiment Station. 


Serie injury to small, ornamental 
trees may often be obviated by pre- 
venting the accumulation of ice on the ends 
of the branches. This may be accomplished 
by knocking the ice off with a wooden stick 
about the size of a broom handle, or longer 
if necessary. If the stick is padded with 
cloth or other soft material, there is less 
danger of “barking” the trees. It is 
usually necessary to do this work while 
the storm is in progress, for the ice is softer 
and more easily removed at that time. If 
the ice is allowed to become thick it is 


Wative white birches bent to the ground, but were 
uninjured 


removed with great difficulty and if the 
temperature should suddenly fall the ice 
becomes set and cannot be shaken off with- 
out seriously injuring the branches. 

The greatest injury is likely to occur 
when a strong wind follows a sleet storm 
before the ice has been removed. If, for 
any reason, the accumulation of ice cannot 
be prevented and becomes thick and tightly 
frozen to the branches, the only hope is in 
tying and propping. ‘The larger branches of 
a tree may be supported by roping them to 
the “leader” or main stem at a point above 
the branch. The whole tree may then be 
guyed up with ropes attached to the trunks 
of other trees. Boards.or rails may also be 
used to prop up a tree against the wind. 
A single guy or prop may often save a tree 
like the white birch from losing its top. 


REPAIRING INJURY 


An injured tree, like a wounded soldier, 
requires immediate treatment. All severed 
branches should be promptly removed. 
The remaining stubs also should be sawed 
off close to the body or main branches of 
the tree. A clean cut should be made so 
as to leave a smooth surface and thus prevent 
the accumulation’ of moisture. In order 
to prevent the entrance of injurious fungi, 
all cut surfaces should be painted over 
with a common lead and oil paint. The 
painted spots may be made less conspicuous 
by the addition to the paint of some dark 
green or black coloring matter. Ordinary 
lampblack will answer the purpose. 

A broken branch may often be replaced in 
a short time if a small living shoot or twig 
should happen to be left ona stub. In this 
case the stub should be sawed off just beyond 


224 


the living sprout. The whole top of a tree 
may often be replaced in this way. The 
beauty of some trees, like the birch for ex- 
ample, is dependent upon a straight main 
stem or leader, and if this should be broken 
off it can be repaired only by grafting on a 
new top. This operation may be successfully 
performed by anyone familiar with the prac- 
tice of top grafting. If the stem is large, a 
number of scions are placed on it in circular 
form. In this way the chances of getting 
one to grow are greatly increased. Only one, 
however, should be allowed to remain. 


While the European birches, having less pliable 
wood, lost their heads 


DECEMBER, 1909 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


THE 


The sturdy oak lost a few branches, but it is better to plant than quick-growing trees. 


Of the red maple not a branch was broken. 


Cheaper in 


the end than silver maple or box-elder, besides being more beautiful even when young 


The ice storm that visited New England 
last winter was very destructive to property 
but it has served one useful purpose. It has 
afforded us an opportunity of studying the 
relative resistance to injury of the various 
ornamental trees and shrubs. The lesson 
from such a storm should guide us to some 


The willows and Carolina poplars were utterly destroyed. Moral, do not buy quick-growing trees. 


extent, in the selection of trees for orna- 
mental purposes. Fortunately some kinds 
were able to support an enormous load. of ice 
without injury. The resisting power of oak 
and horsechestnut is due to the rigidity of 
the wood, while that of the native white 
birch is due to the elasticity of the wood. 


Some idea of the strength of the branches of 
certain kinds of trees may be gained from the 
following figures with regard to the weights 
of branches before and after melting the ice. 
The branches were cut off and weighed. 
Then, after the ice melted, they were weighed 
again. The difference represents the weight 


4 


They are short-lived 


226 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DEcEMBER, 1909 


The sugar maple is a noble tree but unfortunately many specimens 


were riddled 


of the ice. Six branches were weighed in 
each case and the figures are averages: 
Weight Weight Ratio of 
of Wood of Ice Wood 
(Ounces) (Ounces) and Ice 
Carolina poplar. . . . I7 563 Ito 40 
Noi 46 5 6 5 5 Ne 522 Ito 40 
Wihitevasheo- 9) alee ee 1,328 Ito 63 
White birch (European) . . 12 856 Ito 71 
Sperm 2 9 4 o « i 1,281 Ito 80 
Americaniel me eee: 1,947 Ito 81 
Hickory (shagbark) . . . 19 1,935 I to 102 
iEVorse-che stn tases mn nnn LC7 1,959 I to 115 
White birch(mative) . . . 13 1,696 I to 130 
Realm O 6 Gg 6 s 20 3,020 I to 151 


From the above it will be 
seen that the branches of some 
trees may safely carry 150 dames 
their own weight of ice. ‘These 
figures do not give an exact 
comparison on account of the 
variability in the nature of the 
branches of the various trees. 
For example, the hickory un- 
doubtedly could carry much 
more ice than the native white 
birch, but on account of the 
difference in the number of 
twigs on a given branch the 
latter is likely to collect more 
ice than the former. Branches 
of willow and poplar that were 
found broken off were weighed 
and seldom found to carry 
more than forty times their own 
weight of ice. 

The hickory, the horse-chest- 
nut and the oaks were, as a 
rule, uninjured. An occasional 
branch, probably weakened by 
insects or other causes, was 
found under such trees. The 
chestnut, although closely re- 
lated to the oak, was seriously 
injured. The tops of many of 
them were completely removed. 
Many breaks, six and eight in- 
ches in diameter were observed. 

The American elm, of which 
the New Englander boasts, was 
also much broken. up. The 
breaks of the elm were in most 
cases at the crotches, but trees in 
exposed locations had theirupper 


The white ash suffered severely, which is a great pity. It also is generally 


considered a long-lived tree = 


branches broken at any position. 
the accompanying pictures shows a tall elm 
with a good-sized brush heap at its base. 
Nature’s method of pruning is extremely 
crude at best, but this is butchering. 

The ash has proved to be very susceptible 
to injury. One of the pictures shows a 
white ash tree with its top badly riddled. 

Much variation was observed among the 
maples. The red maple and the Norway 
maple were remarkably free from breakages, 
while the hard or sugar maple suffered 


The wrecking of the elm. Nature’s method of pruning is crude 


One of 


greater injury than most kinds of trees. 
The younger trees suffered much less than 
the older ones. 

The birches which, with their showy 
bark, lend variety to the winter landscape, 
were forced to the ground. The native 
white birches found relief by resting their 
heads on the ground. Careful observation 
failed to reveal a single broken tree. With 
the European variety, on the other hand, 
about 80 per cent. lost their heads. The 
break usually occurred at a point about 
two-thirds of the height of 
the tree. 

The poplars and willows were 
undoubtedly more severely in- 
jured than any other class of 
ornamental trees. The Carolina 
poplar, in nearly all cases, was 
completely destroyed. The large 
yellow and white willows were 
similarly affected. The lower 
growing forms, owing to their 
ability to rest their branches on 
the ground, were less seriously 
injured. 

The evergreens, notwithstand- 
ing the fact that they have more 
surface exposed to the weather, 
were surprisingly free from 
injury. ‘The spruces, hemlocks, 
and junipers received only slight 
injury. The pines were more 
severely dealt with. The white 
pine fared much better than the 
pitch pine. Many of the latter, 
eight to ten inches in diameter, 
were broken off within a few 
feet of the ground. 

Many of the ornamental shrubs 
were forced to the ground, but 
as a rule unbroken. A number 
of Spirea Van Houttei, Phila- 
delphus, and honeysuckle were 
slightly injured. 

Ice storms may be beautiful 
enough, from the pictorial view- 
point, but the damage they may 
do seems to warrant a closer 
study of the adaptability of 
the species. 


A typical English cottage garden, charming, but impossible for us to copy 
economically. Millionaires imitate this sort of thing but not laborers 


Lessons From English Cottage Gardens— By Wilhelm Miller, 


English laborers have more time than ours for gardening. 
work like this is better than figures of men, birds, etc., etc. 


Simple topiary 


New 
York 


WE CANNOT REPRODUCE THE CHARM OF OLD ENGLISH EXAMPLES— OUR LABORER’S HOMES A NATIONAL DIS- 


GRACE— THE ONLY WAY AMERICAN 


COTTAGES AND THEIR GARDENS MAY BECOME ALTOGETHER LOVELY 


[Epiror’s Nore.— This 1s the twelfth of a series of articles on the materials of English gardening. A companion series in Country Life in America is devoted to the 


different kinds of gardening.] 


I CAN think of nothing lovelier of its kind 

than that passage in “‘Aylmer’s Field” 
in which Tennyson describes typical homes 
of English laborers: 

“Here was one that, summer-blanched, 

Was parcel-bearded with the traveler’s joy 

In Autumn, parcel ivy-clad; and here 

The warm-blue breathings of a hidden hearth 

Broke from a bower of vine and honeysuckle: 

One looked all rosetree, and another wore 

A close-set robe of jasmine sown with stars: 

This had a rosy sea of gillyflowers 

About it; this, a milky-way on earth, 

Like visions in the Northern dreamer’s heavens, 

A lily-avenue climbing to the doors; 

One, almost to the martin-haunted eaves 

A summer burial deep in hollyhocks; 

Each, its own charm.” 


People who have traveled more than I say 
that English cottages and their gardens are 
the most beautiful in the world. I saw 
thousands of them and they were endlessly 
delightful. Yet there is almost nothing 
about them which I should care to have my 
countrymen copy. 

This conclusion is so unexpected and 
disappointing that I must defend it at con- 
siderable length, before setting forth what 
seems to me a better scheme. In the first 
place, I must answer the question which 
I am sure will spring into the minds of my 
readers, viz.: ‘If there is nothing to copy, 
why it is that everybody is so enthusiastic 
about English cottage gardens? ”’ 


HALF THE CHARM EXPLAINED 


In my opinion about one-half of this 
universal rhapsody is due simply to the 
fact that every cottage has a garden. The 
American is used to seeing ugliness every- 
where — wooden buildings, no national style 


of architecture, billboards, big advertise- 
ments and houses without gardens. When 
he goes to England he sees beauty every- 
where — houses built of brick and stone, 
a national style of architecture, no bill- 
boards, shop signs relatively small and 
modest, and every foot of ground cultivated 
to the utmost. These general conditions 
are enough to put the American in an 
enthusiastic mood, and enthusiasm rises 
to ecstasy when he finds that even the labor- 
ing people live amid beautiful surroundings. 
Every cottage is built of permanent material 
and every cottage is surrounded by fruits, 
flowers or other forms of living beauty. It 
all seems too good to be true, because 
American laborers generally live in big 
tenements or else in monotonous rows of 
wooden cottages, which are temporary and 
subject to disastrous fires, while the yards are 
usually bare and shabby or foul with weeds 
and rubbish. ‘Therefore, I say the infinite 
number and variety of English cottage 
gardens is enough to explain five-tenths 
of the American tourist’s enthusiasm. 


FOUR-TENTHS MORE EXPLAINED 


The second great reason why we cannot 
copy English cottage gardens is that about 
four-tenths of their charm is due to the 
cottages themselves and these do not fit our 
present mode of life at all. I wish you 
could see the book that lies before me as 
I write — Ditchfield’s “English Cottages 
and their Doorway Gardens.” It is full 
of beautiful photographs. But every time 
I put one hand over the cottage, its garden 
shrinks enormously in interest. The soul 
of it is gone. Old cottages in England are 


297 


always either beautiful or picturesque, 
but on the practical side they are invariably 
deficient. 

For instance, thatched roofs are dreams 
of beauty, and once upon a time they were 
economical in England, but in America 
they cost too much, and even in England 
it is against the law in some districts to 
thatch new cottages. Small window panes 
are poetic, but hard to clean. Rambling 
structures may be lovable, but they mul- 
tiply steps and waste a woman’s strength. 
“Crooked stairs may be romantic, but they 
are dangerous. High roofs mean a waste 
of room. 

The English cottage which nestles so 
sweetly among the ever-blooming roses was 
developed before people knew anything 
about germs and before the importance of 
ventilation and sunlight was understood. 
Picturesqueness is almost invariably asso- 
ciated with dirt, and dirt breeds disease. 
Dearly-as I love the picturesque I would not 
buy it at the cost of healthfulness. It hurts 
me to say so, but picturesqueness always 
means increased cost, both for construction 
and maintenance; and it usually means 
unsanitary conditions. 

Indeed, we enormously overrate the value 
of the picturesque as contrasted with the 
beautiful. The traveler finds the former 
more entertaining but for living purposes 
the latter wears best. Now the beauty of 
English cottages is chiefly due to the national 
quality in their architecture. But this 
grew out of their conditions — climatic, 
economic and historical— not ours. For 
instance, the soul of an English cottage is 
its fireplace, and in that climate an open 


228 


hearth keeps a cottage warm enough. Not 
so with us. Again, you cannot tell from 
the outside of an English house what the 
different rooms are used for. This is 
because the English have a passion for 
privacy. We do not, and our favorite type, 
the Georgian or Colonial, frankly reveals 
the purpose of every part. 

Other fundamental differences could be 
given, but I wish to give more attention to 
the gardens than the cottages. It is suffi- 
cient if my readers are persuaded that to 
make exact copies of English cottages is 
foolish, and that we shall never have charm- 
ing cottage gardens in America until we 
have charming cottages in an American 
style. 

How shall we get an American style of 
cottage? Many people believe that we 
shall evolve it by adapting the English style 
to our conditions. That idea is dear to 
my heart, but I would rather abandon it 
entirely than see America filled with cottages 
that cost too much or do not fit the lives of 
the people. The first thing for architects to 
do is to satisfy American conditions, e. g., our 
hotter summers and colder winters, the 
higher cost of labor and of living, the dangers 
from mosquitoes and flies, our passion for 
comforts, conveniences, air, sunlight, clean- 
liness, and our desire to reduce housework 
to the minimum. ‘Then, if there is anything 
left of the English style, well and good, for 
it is pleasant to be reminded that England 
was our mother country. 


THE OTHER TENTH EXPLAINED 


It. is my conviction that nine-tenths of 
the charm of English cottage gardens 
resides in the environment; only one-tenth 
seems to me intrinsic. The gardens them- 
selves owe their beauty to two elements — 
the materials, or plants, and the national 
style of gardening. 


THE MATERIAL TOO DIFFERENT 


The easiest way to prove that we cannot 
copy English cottage gardens is to show that 


A shallow front yard and a deep back yard is the favorite idea at Bourne- 
Inside the hawthorn hedge 
are flower beds. Portable iron work protects the hedge for a few years 


ville, where they have the best cottage gardens. 


- many others. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the material is too different. Let us go back 
to Tennyson’s description and run over his 
list of plants. By “travelers joy” he 
means Clematis Vitalba, which is some- 
what like our own Clematis Vuirginiana. 
English ivy will not luxuriate in our 
Northern states as it does in Europe. 
““Vine”” means the European grape and we 
cannot grow that outdoors east of the 
Rockies. ‘‘Rose tree” is the same as 
tree rose; we cannot grow standards. By 
“jasmine” he means Jasminum officinale, 
the white jessamine of the poets, which is 
not hardy in the latitude of Philadelphia 
without a sheltering wall and winter pro- 
tection. 

But Tennyson’s list is only the beginning 
of trouble. Roses are the most precious 
of all flowers. The English laboring man 
gets large, double, fragrant roses from June 
to October with a minimum of effort. He 
does not have to contend with the rose 
chafer, or ‘‘rose bug” as we wrongly call it. 
In America roses do not bloom all summer 
save on the Pacific Coast. Climbing roses 
do not reach to the third story of a big house. 
We find that roses require more care and 
cause more loss and disappointment in 
America than any other flower. 

All summer, the cottager’s yard is gay 
with flowers. While geraniums and cannas 
are about the only bedding plants that 
will bloom all summer here with a minimum 
of attention, the English cottager can have 
To grow tuberous begonias 
in America requires peculiar conditions and 
considerable skill, but in England it is no 
trick at all. An American laborer may have a 
bed of coleus, which is as gaudy, flower- 
less and monotonous as it can be. The 
English laborer can grow the calceolarias, 
a yellow flower like a lady’s slipper, which 
is as refined and distinguished as anything 
you could wish. I saw thousands of front 
yards gay with calceolarias. 

Even in winter an English laborer’s gar- 
den is beautiful because the grass is ever 
green, whereas with us it gets brown. Then, 


some extent, thieves 


DECEMBER, 1909 


too, the English climate is favorable for 
broad-leaved evergreens, while that of the 
North is not. Cottagers often propagate 
their own box edging. English holly grows 
wild. And best of all their ivy is evergreen 
and grows like a weed. 

I cannot give other’examples now, because 
throughout this series of articles I have tried 
to set down under ‘‘Trees,” “Shrubs,” 
“Vines,” “Perennials ”’etc., all the important 
plants that thrive in England, but not in 
America. 


THE STYLE OF GARDENING DIFFERENT 


Quite as important as the material in 
these cottage gardens is the difficult question 
of a national style in gardening. 

I was motoring through the Southern 
counties of England as the guest of one 
of America’s best landscape gardeners 
and we were exclaiming over the beauty 
of the cottage gardens when I propounded 
to my friend this question: “Is there any- 
thing peculiarly British in these gardens?” 

“Not at all,” he replied. “Of course 
the cottages have a national quality and they 
lend an English atmosphere to the gardens. 
But the gardens themselves have the same 
plants you see on the Continent, and there 
is nothing particularly English in the design. 
We do not see one type of cottage garden 
repeated many times. Every garden seems 
different. Indeed, I believe their beauty is 
individual rather than national.” ' 

This surprising conclusion may seem 
at first to be reinforced by Tennyson’s 
passage which concludes with ‘Each its 
own charm.” Nevertheless, I believe there 
is a national element there — hard to define, 
but real. The nearest I can come to it is 
to say: that the English cottager is fond of 
fruits, flowers and a low hedge or wall. He 
trains grapes, plums and peaches on the 
sunny walls of his cottage and ivy on the 
others. He is likely to have dwarf fruits. 
His garden is usually gay with flowers all 
summer and is pretty sure to have one floral 
specialty. His hedge or wall is not too high 


The English cottager’s back yard is surrounded by a low hawthorn hedge. 
You can see over it but it keeps out dogs, cats, chickens, children, and, to 


DEecEMBER, 1909 


to see over, but it keeps out chickens, dogs, 
cats, children, and to some extent, thieves. 
These may seem intangible characters, 
but by means of broad contrasts you will 
see that they are real. For instance, 
southern Italy has such a hot summer that 
flowers are only an incident in the Italian 
style of gardening, while in England they 
are the main thing. Again, the San José 


scale discourages the American cottager 


from growing fruit, but this insect has not 
yet reached England. Finally, the English- 
man’s passion for privacy is unique and it 
shows even in the cottager’s low hedge. 


OUR NATIONAL STYLE 


The American style of cottage gardening 
must grow out of the fact that our laborers 
do not have as much time for gardening 
as the English. We have about two hours 
less sunlight every day than the English 
people enjoy. That long English twilight 
would be worth billions of dollars to us. 
Possibly a seven-hour working day would 
about put us on a par with them. 

This means that our laborers must settle 
down to growing plants which require less 
time and skill than the English cottagers 
have. Our men must grow less fruit, 
for there are more and worse insects to 
fight. English cottage gardens often have 
more flowers than lawn; ours must often 
be content with having more lawn than 
flowers. 


OUR COTTAGE GARDEN MATERIAL 


From the nature of things the cottager can 
grow few trees or none. He hasn’t enough 
space for tall trees, and they would rob his 
lawn and trees. He can hardly afford ever- 
greens or magnolias. When all cottages 
are built of permanent material cottagers 
will get sick of the fast growing trees like 
boxelder and poplars, because they are 
short-lived. Flowering dogwood may 
prove to be his best tree. 

The English cottager has few shrubs 
or none. They take a good deal of room 
and do not bloom long as a rule. But the 
lawn-and-shrub garden may become the 
commonest in America, because it is easier 
to care for than a flower garden. The 
American cottager will go in for long 
blooming shrubs, like hydrangeas. He can- 
not afford azaleas, Japanese maples, white 
fringe, dwarf horse chestnut. Rarely will 
he have good roses or lilacs. Let him have 
Van Houtte’s spirea, golden bells, mock 
orange, Morrow’s honeysuckle, and fragrant 
sumach, hardy hydrangea, cranberry bush, 
Rosa multiflora and rugosa, and plenty of 
Japanese barberry. Then his yard will 
be attractive the year round. 

Our cottages should be nearly covered 
with climbers. Everyone will want roses 
and Clematis Jackmani, but successes with 
these will be few. The fittest to survive are 
Virginia creeper, Japan ivy, Hall’s honey- 
suckle, trumpet creeper, wistaria, bittersweet 
and wild clematis. The ideal thing would 
be to have every north and west wall covered 
with English ivy or climbing euonymus. 

The American cottager will eventually 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


229 


The English coitager generally has more flowers than lawn but this one has more lawn than flowers. 
This plan is best for a large and growing family 


desire a hedge. A good time will come 
when board fences will be unknown. Our 
national hedge plant will be the Japanese 
barberry. The cottager will tire of privet, 
because it is open at the base and lets the 
dogs into his flower beds. He will have 
barberry around four sides of his lot because 
it is practically ‘“‘pig tight, bull strong 
and horse high,” or at least horse broad. 
He will love it for its autumn colors and its 
red berries that last all winter. 

Will American cottage gardens be less 
beautiful than the English? Not after a 
century or two and that is a short time in 
the history of humanity. A good time is 


eee 
k 


coming when the cottages will all be built 
of fire-proof material in an American style. 
They will be surrounded by neat and beauti- 
ful gardens. No two will be alike. One 
will be glorious when the dogwood blooms, 
another when the Virginia creeper colors; 
this will be fragrant with honeysuckle and 
trumpet creeper, that will be gay with bed- 
ding plants; some will have shrubbery 
borders, some will have old-fashioned 
flowers. All the homes will be healthful and 
happy. ‘They will be as neat and attractive 
as the English but they will be different. 
They will be American. And then our 
country will have found herself. 


Every cottage garden in England is likely to have its specialty. Our cottagers cannot have roses like 
this all summer 


A CHILD’S CHRISTMAS GIFTS SHOULD 
HAVE IN THEM ELEMENTS OF PER- 
MANENT VALUE.— CHILDREN CAN 
MAKE WORTH-WHILE THINGS MORE 


Christmas Giving 

iE is time, high time, to make our Christ- 

mas presents. There are many things 
to give which spring out of our garden work; 
and they are well worth giving. You have 
not forgotten the seed envelopes and garden 
markers? The directions for making were 
given in the August magazine. Blossoming 
bulbs of your own raising; a fern from the 
woods, you potted yourself; a Chinese lily 
fixed in its bed of stones; one of the geran- 
iums you slipped last October; all of these 
are acceptable gifts. Pictures of your gar- 
den make good decorations for calendars. 
If you made a hotbed there is time to raise 
radish and lettuce. You all know what a 
treat to most people these would be. 

For some of you who are very fond of 
working with your own hands, we have 
printed below directions for the making of 
very useful and really worth-while things. 

There is one thing you boys and girls should 
take in hand. That is to prevent, as far as 
you, at least, are concerned, the ruthless 
cutting of greens and butchering of trees 
for Christmas purposes. You know the value 
of growing plants; so do not destroy them 
wholesale this year. The time we use these 
evergreens, and can use them, is so very 
short. Just take the one case of hemlock as 
a green for decoration purposes. It drops 
its needles or leaves almost as soon as brought 
into a warm room. Then why cut it at all? 

I wish you would try a Christmas experi- 
ment. It may be tried both at home and at 
school, in country and city. It is this: “Will 
you have an outdoor Christmas this year? 
That is, have a tree — roots and all — which 
may be planted outdoors either at Christ- 
mas time or later.” 

If you try this at school get an evergreen 
which will be most ornamental to the school 
grounds. If the ground is not frozen too 
hard it can be planted immediately, decor- 
ated outdoors, and hung with gifts of food 
for the birds. This saving of one more 
tree has vastly more of Christmas spirit 
in it than the destroying of a tree. If the 
planting cannot take place have a potted 
evergreen, keep it outdoors all winter, and 
plant when possible. Country schools can 
get from the woods young red cedars or pines. 
Get a very small tree. Its chances of living 
are better than those of larger trees. If you 
are not afraid of spoiling Christmas enthus- 


i EASILY THAN WORTHLESS ONES 


Conducted by 
ELLEN EDDY SHAW 
New York 


iasm get the tree now and plant it. Then 
it will be ready for decoration. There is 
some risk of its dying but try it anyhow. 

This same thing can be done for the 
home Christmas tree. A splendid tree to 
buy is an oriental spruce. It is a beautiful 
tree in spring when it is covered with its cones 
which look like burning candles. A Christ- 
mas tree really planted for a child makes 
permanent his Christmas. 

Will you join an “Outdoor Christmas 
League” for this year atleast? Let us know. 
Tell us the tree you select, just how it gets 
along through the year, whether you pot 
it or plant it. Your experience this year 
will help someone else next year. 


Low Basket with Handles for 
Fruit or Flowers 


Aces our summer in the garden we 
all know how much a basket is needed 
for flower gathering. Some of us have 
baskets. Some of us have used newspapers 
to gather flowers in. What we need, others 
having gardens need too. And so a gather- 
ing basket is well worth giving. 
The materials needed are: 
8 spokes, to inches long, of number 6 reed. 
3 weavers of number 2 reed. 


12 weavers of number 3 reed. 
31 spokes, 20 inches long, of number 4 reed. 


Directions: Split 4 spokes of number 6 reed 
exactly in the centre, and slip the remaining 
4 through the slits in the first group. 

Double a number 2 weaver and slip the 


This basket is the right size to hold small fruits 
and short-stemmed flowers 


239 


loop over the upper vertical group and with 
the pairing weave go around each group four 


‘times. Next, separate the spokes in groups 


of two and continue the pairing weave until 


four more rows have been woven in. Then. 


separate the spokes by ones and weave until 
the diameter is 44 inches. 

Cut off all that remains of the number 
2 weaver, and insert 3 weavers of number 3 
reed. Continue with the triple weave to 
a diameter of 9 inches. 

Cut off the ends of the spokes and insert 
31 spokes, 20 inches long, of number 4 reed; 
one on each side of the spokes, except the 
first; in this instance insert but one. 

Use the side which has been next the 
weaver for the inside of the basket, letting 
rough ends come on the outside of the basket. 
Turn the spokes up, and hold in place with 
one row of quadruple, weave over three 
spokes and back of one, using the number 3 
reed. With the same reed putin 11 rows of 
plain weave, over one spoke and under the 
next. Next, one row of quadruple and fol- 
low with 7 rows of double weave, over two 
and under one, and finish with one row of 
quadruple weave. 

For the first row of the border carry num- 
ber 1 spoke back of number 2 spoke, or the 
next spoke at the right, and out; number 2 
spoke back of number 3, and out. Con- 
tinue once around the basket. 

For the second row carry number 1 spoke 
over number 2 and 3, and down; number 
2 over 3 and 4 and down, and so on around. 

For the third row carry number 1 over 
number 2 and down: number 2 over number 
3 and down. This may be continued until 
you have formed a roll over the entire edge. 

If handles are desired, on each side of the 
basket insert a piece of number 9g reed for 
the foundation of these. The end of a num- 
ber 3 weaver is woven in at the left of the 
foundation under the third row from the top 
of the basket, and the long end of the weaver 
is twisted around the foundation to the other 
side of the handle. Here itis pushed down 
inside the basket on one side of the ' andle 
and over again on the other side of the handle, 
three rows from the top, making a loop inside. 
The weaver is then laid close beside the first 
twist and follows it across to the opposite side. 
Now it goes in under the third row on the 
left of the handle and out on the right side. 
Each row of twisting must follow close beside 


DECEMBER, 1909 


the last. Six or seven rows will cover the 
foundation. The end is fastened off by 
bringing it inside the basket again where it 
is cut off. This flower basket may be made 
without the handles. But they add much 
to it without being a great deal of extra work. 
SARAH A. NICHOLS, 
New Paltz Normal School. 


Flower Box 


apes flower box or wooden jardinicre 

is very easy to make, and most orna- 
mental. It makes a good Christmas present 
not only because of its simple beauty, but 
because of its durability. 

Any of you boys and girls can make 
it from the working drawing. The meas- 
urements are easy since the scale is one-half 
inch. That is, as you measure the line in the 
working plan you allow one whole inch for 
every one-half inch you measure on that. 
So, if a line measures three and one-half 
inches, make the line for your box seven 
inches. This is the real height of the box, 
you will find. Notice some lines have their 
real measures given at the side. 

Directions for making are as follows: 

Fold a piece of paper large enough for one 
of the sides and sketch one-half the outline 
on one of the folds. Cut to line and then 
draw the other half. This will give perfect 
balance. Cut two pieces of wood from this 
pattern by placing it on the wood and tracing. 

Draw a line parallel to each side 3 inch 
in on the pattern for a new pattern for the 
other two sides. These sides will need to 
be 3 inch narrower, # inch on each side, as 


they must fit between the other two sides. 


If wood of different thickness is used it 
will be double the thickness. 

Use a coping saw to cut out the base. 
The tapering sides may be cut to lines by 
saw, plane or chisel. The curve at the 
base may be bored by 3-inch auger, and in 
this way a better curve may be had. 

Use 1}-inch brads or finishing nails. 
A little glue added will make a firmer box. 
A much larger box after the same pattern 
will make a beautiful holder for a larger 
plant or shrub, using, of course, thicker wood. 

Two small cleats should be nailed and 
glued from the inside to support a bottom. 
The bottom will give better service if it does 


Working plan for the 
flower box shown at the 
top of the next column. 

The scale used of 4 
inch makes this plan 
very easy to work from 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The plant sits too low in the box. Careful ar- 
rangement adds much to general effect 


not entirely fill the space. Let it be the 
proper length but allow a space of an inch 
on both sides for dirt and leaves to fall 
through and out. 

Chestnut is about soft enough for your 
children to work in. This wood may be 
stained to suit taste and later waxed and 
polished. A beautiful permanent brown 
stain may be had on chestnut or white oak 
by applying strong ammonia to it with a 
brush and later sandpapering down and 
waxing. White wood is another good wood 
to use, but a stain will have to be applied to 
white wood, as ammonia will not act on it. 
A strong solution of permanganate of potash 
put on with a brush will darken any wood; 
it has no fumes. 

The directions for this box were given 
us by Mr. John Cocoran, supervisor of this 
work at one of the New York State Normals. 
Some of you boys will like to try the am- 
monia treatment of wood he tells of. But 
be careful of the strong fumes of ammo- 
nia. Do not hold your head too closely 
over your work, as the fumes are bad for 
your eyes. Work in plenty of fresh air. 


Candy Box 


A CANDY box made after the following 
pattern is both artistic and useful. 
It may be used to hang upon the tree, or as 
a pretty favor at the Christmas dinner. 
The design taken from the tulip you planted 
or from any other plant, vine or evergreen 
tree, should be repeated on each panel. 


MATERIALS NEEDED 


Stiff colored paper, tan, gray, green, etc. 
Size sheet, 93 x 74 inches. 

Cardboard for base 14 inches square; 
corners rounded slightly. 

Medium weight white paper for circles. 
Four circles # inch in diameter. 

Ribbon 4 inch wide, two-thirds of a yard. 
Cut in two equal pieces. 

In making a box cut along heavy lines and 
fold on dotted lines. 


TO MAKE PATTERN 


Place paper with long edges from right to 
left. Draw a line straight across the paper 


231 


4 inch down from top. Do the same to the 
bottom edge, measuring up 4 inch. From 
left edge of paper on the top line measure 
in 42 inches. Place dot. Dosame with the 
bottom line. Connect dots, giving a cen- 
tral line. 

On top line measure 4 inches to the right 
of central line. Place dot. Do the same to 
the left of the line. On the lower line 
measure 3 inches to the right of central line 
and 3 inches to left. Place dots. Connect 
dots on top line with those on bottom. 

Divide top line into eight spaces of 1 
inch each, making four on either side 
of central line. Divide bottom line into 
eight spaces: # inch each, four on either 
side of central line. Connect dots on 
top line with those on bottom, making 
eight spaces. 

Extend top line j inch to the left. Do 
same with bottom line. Connect these ends. 
Measure up from bottom line } inch on cen- 
tral line. Draw a line through this point 
parallel to bottom line. Measure down on 
central line 14 inches. Draw line through 
this point parallel to top line. This gives 
you the distance to cut down for flaps to 
cover. Draw curves for flaps on middle 
panel, then trace same on other panels. Two 
inches down from top line on 
central line place a dot. Through 
this draw a line parallel with 
top line. 

Where the centre line of each 
panel cuts this line, place a dot. 
This will give three dots. To 
the right and left of these dots 
measure + inch. This is the 
width of slit through which the 
ribbon must pass. Make the 
fourth slit in the centre of the 
extreme left panel 2 inches 
down from the top line. 

Slip end of the piece of ribbon 
3 yard long, through slit at the extreme 
left panel, bringing end of ribbon toward 
you. Paste down. Take other end of 
ribbon and slip through slit in next panel, 
bringing end toward you. Paste. Take 
second piece of ribbon and do the same 
with the remaining panels. Paste white 
circles over each end of ribbon. 

ALIX S. CAMERON, 

Rutgers Preparatory School. 


This makes an effective 
candy box to hang on the 
Christmas tree haa 


>) id = 


allflowers All Winter 


ALLFLOWERS are supposed to require a 
damp climate, and the blazing sun of 
Colorado withers their blossoms almost before 
they can open. However, I planted a package of 
mixed annual seed as an experiment, and was very 
successful. 

The garden was new and the seeds were planted 
in a sandy, unprepared strip which had been left 
by the builders of the house. I watered them 
twice a day and the plants grew thriftily. 

They began to flower, intermittently, in August, 
the flowers drooping almost immediately under the 
hot sun. With the cooler nights of September they 
blossomed freely and were in their prime the end 
of September, when we had our first frost. 

I could not bear to lose the plants, so decided to 
try bringing them into the house. The large, 
bulky ones were placed each in 11-inch pots in 
the same sandy soil, slightly enriched with old 
manure. 

I put them in a north window where they had 
no sun whatever, and they bloomed unceasingly 
all winter. In May I set them out-of-doors again, 
but, though they lived, there were no more blossoms. 

Colorado. ROOSEVELT JOHNSON. 


Illuminating Christmas Trees 


| lerreen Christmas I bought a Christmas tree 
outfit consisting of eight 3-candle power 
incandescent electric lamps, a battery of three 
cells, wiring, sockets, etc., necessary for the tree, 
which costs about four dollars. Its trade name is 
‘a Christmas tree outfit.”” These outfits are made 
abroad and the lamps come in various designs of 
fruit, like oranges, pears, etc; also in various colored 
glass. As the dry batteries do better if the lamps 
are not burned continuously I have the lights lit 
for only an hour or so each night. Burned this way 
the batteries will last for three or four nights. If 
needed for a longer period than this the batteries 
can be renewed —three cost about one dollar. 
The danger from fire is eliminated when these 
Christmas tree outfits are used. Of course if your 
house is lighted by electricity you need buy only the 
wire and the small lamps. 
New York. P.N. 


An “‘Arcade’’ Trellis 


RELLISES of many kinds have been used 
in our garden, but one of the best and least 
expensive was made of strips of wood measuring 
one by two inches and thirteen feet long. They cost 
five cents apiece, the trellis, when completed 
costing a cent and a half per running foot. It was 
constructed arcade fashion, with an upright every 
two feet and a toprail, the height being four feet. 
We made a modification of this trellis for tomatoes 
three feet high, which had an upright every yard. 
Besides the cheapness of the trellis, it is strong and 
not easily disturbed by wind if a foot or more of the 
upright is set in the ground. It is light and easy 
to move, if it is desirable to change the place the 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


next season; or it is sufficiently durable to leave 
out all winter if necessary. It can be used for peas, 
pole beans and tomatoes, and would doubtless be 
equally good for cucumbers and vine squash, though 
these latter we have not yet tried. It does not 
shade vegetables growing behind it as a more 
solid trellis would do, is exceedingly neat and 
compact and adds to the appearance of the garden, 
when covered with vines. The height, three to five 
feet, according to the crop to be grown, is most 
convenient for picking and a great improvement 
on the old time bean pole, which gives the bean 


patch the irregular straggling look produced by ~ 


poles of every size and shape. It facilitates culti- 
vation, for instead of the elaborate manceuvres 
necessary around bean poles, one furrow of the 
wheel-hoe on each side the trellis is all that is 
necessary. 

The picking is as easy‘as the cultivating, for all 
ripe vegetables can be seen at,a glance. The 
toprail provides a good place to sttpport a covering 
when frost threatens; we have kept our vines 
green for some time after frost by pieces of heavy 
bagging thrown over them at night. 

As to the training of the vines, we found no diffi- 
culty in the limas clinging to the uprights. When 


Keep the garden looking neat by growing beans, 
peas, tomatoes, etc., on an “‘ arcade’’ trellis 


they reached the top rail they required a little 
training to follow it, and clipping now and then 
helped to keep the vines looking trim. Tomatoes 
were tied to the uprights; then spread along the 
top rail as they grew and tied to keep them 
flat. Peas were provided with twine, run from 
one upright to another, back and forth, about 
six inches apart; a staple here and there kept the 
lines of twine straight and even. In this way the 
same trellis could be used for three or more dif- 
ferent crops during successive seasons. The small 
amount of trouble to train, tie and trim is more 
than made up by the good appearance, the ease of 
cultivation and picking, and the economy of space. 
New York. I. M. ANGELL. 


Tomatoes and Peas 


I PLANTED my extra early peas in four double 
rows, putting them about two feet apart. 
The last of May I set my tomato plants between 
the two outside rows. The peas were out of the 
way by the middle of July and the tomatoes were 
growing about as well as though the peas had 
never been there. 


Minneapolis, Minn. L. E. ROBINSON. 


DECEMBER, 1909 


Another Use for Flower Pots 


N THE April, 1909, number of THE GARDEN 
MaGazINE, someone advised covering young 
tomato plants with paper bags, with the bottoms 
cut out, held in place with stakes. JI have used 
ordinary clay flower pots for this purpose for 
years, and rarely lose a plant. 

The pots are six inches in diameter, and with 
very little care can be kept indefinitely. They 
protect the young plants from sun, frost and wind, 
besides holding the moisture, which is very essential. 

I place them over all the small plants I set out 
and growth commences at once. I find by using 
the pots that I can set out the most delicate plants 
in the hottest weather, with success and little 
trouble. The work can be done at any time during 
the day and one does not have to wait for the evening 
or a rainy day. It is well, however, when setting 
out the plants, to put a little water on each one. 

Maryland. E.G. L. 


Bordeaux Mixture for the Small 
Garden 


HE usual directions for making Bordeaux 
mixture deal in quantities too large for the 
home garden — one doesn’t use fifty or a hun- 
dred gallons at one spraying —and if the solu- 
tions are mixed at once, the stuff deteriorates. On 
the other hand, the amounts called for to make 
“stock” solutions are so great as to scare all 
notion of spraying out of the head of the owner 
of a small potato patch. 

After working with Bordeaux for some time, 
and reading all kinds of recipes, it seemed to me 
that there were two objects to be kept in mind — 
that the fungicide (copper sulphate) must be 
applied to the leaves of the plant, and that there 
must be enough lime in the solution to keep the 
sulphate from injuring the foliage. 

Proceeding with these ideas, I have for the last 
two or three years mixed my Bordeaux according 
to my own notions, and as it seems to accomplish 
all that can be asked in the way of preventing 
blights and rots, and certainly sticks as well as 
others prepared “according to Hoyle,” it seems 
worth passing along. I have two fifty-gallon 
vinegar barrels, into each of which, in the spring, 
I put approximately twenty-five (it may be twenty- 
four or six) gallons of water. In one I dissolve 
six pounds of copper sulphate, in the other slake 
six to eight pounds of lime. These are my stock 
solutions. 

When the potatoes are well up, and the bugs begin 
to appear, I get out an old butter tub, in which I 
mix approximately equal quantities of these solu- 
tions, dipping out with an old pitcher first the 
copper, then the lime, then copper, then lime, 
until my tub is full. Then I add some Paris green, 
strain into my Auto spray and apply to the plants, 
If it wants to settle out, it can do so on the leaves. 
I can mix as little or as much as I want to use at 
that time, apply it perfectly fresh (therein I fancy 
lies the value of the solution) and have none wasted. 

I have used it on everything that needs to be 


‘sprayed, it has never injured the foliage in the 


slightest degree, and I have had no blight on my 
potatoes nor rot of my tomatoes in two or three 
years. ‘The quantities mentioned last all summer, 
giving the potatoes at least three sprayings. 

New Jersey. A. C. BRown. 


bo 
co 
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December, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Read how 


two men make 


$12,000 a year 


clear profit, on a small egg-farm 


L,OUR years ago the Cornings, father and son, both in 
poor health, and with no practical experience, began egg-raising 
on a few acres of land at Bound Brook, N. J., with only thirty hens. 
To-day they have one of the greatest egg-producing plants in this 
country, and a business that, with 1953 hens, paid last year a clear profit 
DMHONE AI TWICE FROUSANA AONATS. Bis fora tan wer ‘Ger oe EARM JOURNAL tnd tod out 


Te CORNING EGG-BOOK 


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learned to meet that demand with an wnfazling supply, in winter as in summer. It tells of their problems and failures, and how they 
overcame them and won SUCCESS. It gives photographic pictures of their plant, plans of their buildings, etc. 

And it gives beginners just the help they need to make money in this unlimited field. Your chances of success are far better than 
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periment is at your command for the price of a dozen eggs. 


Here are some of the things that the CORNING EGG-BOOK tells: 


How to prevent the drafts that kill chickens. 


The troubles of great hotels in getting reliable eggs. 


The prices paid for CORNING eggs throughout the year. How to save 97 per cent. of the young chicks. 
The number of eggs sold each month throughout the year. Why and how they make the hens scratch for food. 
How to get the most eggs when other people get none. Why they send hens to roost with full crops. 
When to hatch chicks that are to lay winter eggs. - How to make hens attend strictly to business. 
How to grow juicy;broilers in nine weeks. Why they raise only white-shelled eggs. 


How to mix the food that makes the most eggs. How, to have May chicks laying eggs in October. 


The Corning Egg-Book is sold in combination with the 


FARM JOURNAL oéntmtion es 


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received in time. 


Early and Late Plantings of 
Potatoes 


THIS year I beat my best record for getting 

early potatoes. Last year we felt very 
clever when we ate our very own home-grown pota- 
toes the last day of June; but this year, the six- 
teenth of June saw us turn away from “old” 
potatoes (we joyfully sold a bushel for a dollar) 
and begin on our new crop. And this is how 
it came about. 

The last week in February I found the ground 
in the warmest part of the garden quite free from 
frost. I also found a lot of nicely sprouting small 
potatoes in the cellar; so I determined to plant a 
few potatoes after the next blizzard, just to see 
what would come of it. Accordingly, on March 
roth, I dug trenches about six inches deep (I 
trenched everything this year), in the bottom of 
which I put a couple of inches of fine stuff from 
the floor of the hen’s scratching room, then a little 
earth, and then the potatoes, whole, covering them 
about four inches deep. 

The weather did all it could. Asin the old verse, 


“First it rained, then it snew, 
Then it friz and then it blew, 
Then we had a shower of rain, 
And then it friz and snew again,” 
but on April 14th one plant greeted my delighted 
eyes, and from that time the plants flourished like 
the green bay tree. And beginning on June 16th, 
we ate new potatoes. 

This small patch, four rows about thirty feet 
long, yielded over a bushel of potatoes, and I dug 
them long before the vines were dead, because I 
wanted that ground for my celery. The crop would 
have been larger if I could have left them until 
the tops were entirely dead. 

Being so successful with early planting, I was 
inspired to try an extra late one. My main crop 
was planted at the usual time, and, while fortunately 
put in deep, was showing the effects of the 
continued drought, and 
looked rather discour- 
aging. The first of July 
came and found me with 
a small quantity of very 
withered, much-sprout- 
ed potatoes in the cellar, 
and a small patch of 
unoccupied ground in 
the garden. As_ they 
would have two full 
months before frost, I 
planted those potatoes 
in trenches about four 
inches deep and three 
feet apart, on the fifth 
of July —just for luck. 
Fortunately, it was just 
before one of our three 
good showers of the 
summer, and they grew 
nicely. I weeded the 
patch once; I did not 
spray as no bugs appear- 
ed, and I was not afraid 
of blight. I did not 
“work” them, but the 
first week in September 
there were perfectly 
good potatoes, larger 
than an egg, and the 
vines still growing. 

A. C. BRowN. 

New Jersey. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


My Cucumber Patch 


Res several years I have had success in pro- 

ducing crops of cucumbers. But this year’s 
success was emphasized by a little incident which 
occurred in early spring. 

My neighbor, a gardener of considerable experi- 
ence, said to me one day, ‘‘We like cucumbers at 
our house, but the vines always die so early in the 
season that it hardly pays to start them.” As 
modestly as I could, I told him that I knew how to 
keep the vines bearing till frost, and as he was 
interested, perhaps other readers of THE GARDEN 
MAGAZINE will be, too. 

I planted my cucumbers between May roth and 
r5th. I first dug a series of holes and put a pail- 
ful of manure in each hole. I then placed a 4-inch 
tile on end in each hole, and filled in the earth, 
heaping it up around the tile. The seeds were put 
in rather thickly, and the plants thinned out later. 
When the hot, dry days of summer came, I began 
putting a pailful of water in each tile almost every 
night, but never wet the surface. The vines grew 
rapidly, and when the first frost had done its deadly 
work, I could show my neighbor an abundant supply 
of fine cucumbers covering the ground. 

Ohio. A. M. INcRAHAM. 


Improving Tomatoes 


O INCREASE the early bearing qualities of 
tomato vines I save seed from the latest fruit 
that shows signs of ripening, and plant the seeds in 
the fall. This is done to induce the plant to hurry 
up the next season to mature its seed. For seeds 
that are planted in the fall will cut the time of ma- 
turing their fruit down some two months from the 
time of germination. If those seed were started 
in a greenhouse it would give them a season at least 
two or three months longer, and that would make 
them lazy in ripening their fruit. 

I now select seed from the earliest fruit that ripens 
of this generation, and reverse every year. This 
is necessary to keep up the vigor and constitution of 
the plant. This method is like that of planting 
from the tip of an ear of corn, which will ripen 
earlier than from any other part of the ear. The 
reason is because the silk of the tip is pollenated 
later than that of the butt or the middle of the ear. 

All seeds that are to make plants to select seed 
from should be planted in the fall in rich soil slightly 
covered. ‘Tomatoes do best when kept up from the 
ground, but that is hardly practicable in field cul- 
ture. In the garden I find a very cheap and con- 
venient plan is to use orange boxes and set two 
plants so that they will be in the centre of each 
division of the box. 


Massachusetts. N. B. WHITE. 


eee 


| 
FR} 
+ AY 
ti 


The vegetable garden will repay, with more and better vegetables, the intelligent application of fertilizer 


DECEMBER, 1909 


A Garden That Paid 


M* garden plot is only 100 x 125 feet in dimen- 

sion, but by following the advice given in 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE my successions have been 
without number, and I have been able to keep 
my househoid of six supplied with fresh vege- 
tables from early in June until late in the fall. 
On October 26th of last year we were enjoying 
radishes, young lettuce, beets and carrots, and 
many other vegetables of the most delicate flavor 
which are usually at their best in the early summer. 

My greatest success, however, was with peas. 
On August 7th I planted four double rows, 75 feet 
long, of Early Market peas, on ground that had 
been used for early corn. The soil was thor- 
oughly worked over and a small amount of very 
se dry manure was spaded in to make the soil 
ight. 

The peas came up well, and were given several 
cultivations. On September 24th I was able to 
pick about four quarts of peas, and from that time 
until October 25th, peas were an every-day dish. 

I experienced considerable trouble with mildew, 
which appeared on the lower part of the vines just 
as they came into full bloom, but two sprayings 
with Bordeaux mixture, at intervals of five or six 
days, checked its spread sufficiently to save the 
crop, although it subsequently covered all’ the 
vines. That would have been obviated, however, 
had I continued spraying. 

Swiss chard is a vegetable which I want to 
recommend to anyone having a garden, no matter 
how small it be. Plant a good-sized bed, for it 
makes excellent greens, and the stalks, when fully 
matured, may be cooked as celery. It makes a 
more delicately flavored vegetable than celery. 

Connecticut. i. Bebe 


The Value of Fertilizer in the South 


Rte vegetables are strong feeders, and a large 

quantity of manure is necessary each year 
on almost any soil for the continual production of 
fine fruit. It should be applied in the winter or 
very early in the spring — in fact, any time from 
December to March ist — broadcasted at the 
rate of from three to six tons to every quarter acre. 
Turn it into the soil at once by deep plowing or 
spading, so as to prevent the ammonia from evap- 
orating. 

Horse manure is the most suitable for very early 
vegetables, as it warms the soil, but it should not 
be used for summer vegetables unless it is very old. 
Poultry or cow manure is best for the summer 
garden, as it has less tendency to heat the soil. 

For the best results both commercial fertilizer 
and manure are necessary, as the manure alone 
contains an excess of 
nitrogen and would pro- 
duce foliage at the ex- 
pense of the fruit; and if 
commercial fertilizer is 
continually used alone 
the soil eventually be- 
comes deficient in 
humus. The manure, 
therefore, must be used 
to supply nitrogen and 
humus, and fertilizer 
for potash and phos- 
phoric acid. 

Apply the manure as 
stated above, and dis- 
tribute the fertilizer in 
the drill ten or twelve 
days before planting, 
using it at the rate of 
from two to four hun- 
dred pounds of fertilizer 
to every quarter acre. 
Mix it well with the 
soil in order to pre- 
vent heating or burn- 
ing. Green cotton 
seed is also excellent 
for supplying humus to 
the soil, and should be 
used with fertilizer and 
manure when possible. 

Tuomas J. STEED. 

Georgia. 


PFT 


f 


DECEMBER, 1909 


PR 


A Useful Gift for Gardener and Suburbanite 


many 


Daffodils—Narcissus and How to Grow Them 


All that is really worth while about these most popular of spring bulbs 
written from the standpoint of American conditions. 


I. Old-time and Modern Daffodils and Narcissus. II. Daffodils in the Garden Border. III. 
Flowering Daffodils in Winter. IV. Water Culture in the House. V. The Commercial Produc- 
tion of Cut Flowers. VI. Naturalizing in the Grass. VII. Miniature Daffodils for the Rock Gar- 
den. VIII. The One Insect and One Disease. IX. Straightening Daffodil Nomenclature and 
Classification. X. The Large Trumpet Daffodils. XI. The Lesser Trumpet, Hoop-Petticoat and 
Cyclamen-flowered Daffodils. XII. The Medium-Crown Hybrids. XIII. The Pheasant's Eye 
and Poet’s Hybrid Narcissus. XIV. The Sweet-scented Jonquils and Campernelles. XV. The 
Tender Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVI. The Hardy Cluster-flowered Narcissus. XVII. 
Double Daffodils and Narcissus of all Groups, XVIII. Some Autumn Flowering Species. XIX. 
Hybridizing and Raising from Seed. 


House Plants and How to Grow Them 
By P. T. BARNES 
A manual of the best foliage and flowering plants for home cultivation; their 
raising from seed and propagation in the window garden. 


I. How Other People Have Succeeded. II. Making the Soil Foundation. III. Potting and Re- 
potting. IV. Raising Plants from Seed. WV. Propagation by Cutting, etc. WI. In Sickness and 
in Health. VII. Bulbs from Thanksgiving to Easter. WIII. The Winter Window Garden. IX. 
Flowering Plants. House Conditions. X. Roses, Carnations and Chrysanthemums. XI, Cac- 
tuses and Other Succulents. XII. NineIron Clad Palms. XIII. Foliage Plants other than Palms. 
XIV. Reliable Ferns for the Dwelling Rooms. XV. Window Gardening Tools and Accessories. 
XVI. Forcing with Ether. XVII. A Window Gardener's Calendar. 


The Flower Garden 


By:IDA D._BENNETT 
“A clear and concise summary of every possible sort of information that 
might be desired by anyone interested in gardens.”’ Scientific American. 


I. The Location and Arrangement of the Garden. II. Soils. III. Fertilizers, IV. The Hot- 
bed, Coldframe and Sand-box. V. Purchasing of Seeds. VI. Starting Seeds in Flats. VII. Trans- 
planting and Repotting. VIII. House Plants from Seeds. IX. Outside Window Boxes. X. 
Various Annuals from Seed. XI. Vines. XII. Ornamental Foliage Plants from Seed. XIII. 
Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants. XIV, Aquatics. XV. The Care of the Summer Rose-bed. 
XVI. The Hardy Lily-bed. XVII. The Care of Cannas, Caladiums, Dahlias, and Other Bulbs 
During Winter. XVIII. Hardy Shrubs and Plants for Fall Planting. XIX. Winter Protection. 
XX. The Care of House Plants in Winter. XXI. Common and English Names of Flowers. 
XXII. Blooming Season of Various Trees, Shrubs and Plants. XXIII. A Chapter of Odds and 
Ends. XXIV. A Chapter of Don'ts. 


The Vegetable Garden 


By IDA D. BENNETT 


This book deals fully with the various vegetables that form the staple of the 
small garden and contains excellent chapters on fertilizers, insecticides and gar- 
den tools, all thoroughly up to date and full of the most practical information. 


I. The Sanitary and Economic Value of the Kitchen Girden. II. The Location of the Garden. 
III. Planning the Garden. IV. How to Maintain Fertility. V. The Construction and Care of 
Hotbeds, Coldframes, and Pits. WI. On the Sowing of Seed. VII. Transplanting. VIII. Tools 
Which Make Gardening Easy. iX. On the Growing of Various Vegetables. X. Root Vegetables. 
XI. Vine Vegetables and Fruits. XII. Greens and Salad Vegetables. XIII. Perennial Vegetables. 
XIV. Storing Vegetables in Winter. XV. Tne Garden’s Enemies. XVI. Fall Work in the Garden. 


The Orchard and Fruit Garden 


By E. P. POWELL 
Deals with the choice planting and cultivation of fruit, fruit bearing trees and 
bushes. ‘‘This thoroughly practical’volume embodies all the latest developments, 
and sums up all available information on the selection of fruits.’’ New York 


World. 

Part First — THE ORCHARD. I. The Apple. II. The Apple Varieties. III. The Apple — 
Handlipg and Marketing. IV. The Pear. V. The Plum. VI. The Cherry. VII. The Quince. 
vill. The Peach. IX. The Apricot. X. The Grape. XI. Citrus Fruits. XII Figs, Dates and 
Olives. XIII. Pineapple, Banana and other Tropical Fruits. XIV. Undeveloped Fruits. XV. 
Nuts and Nut Trees. 

Part Second — THE FRUIT GARDEN, I. The Fruit Garden. II. The Currant. III. The 
Strawberry. IV. The Raspberry. V. The Blackberry. WI. The Gooseberry. WII. The Cran- 
berry. VIII. Neglected Berries. 

Part Third — CULTURAL DIRECTIONS. I. Windbreaks, Drainage, Irrigation. II. Pruning, 
Mulching, Fertilizing, Cover Crops. III. Spraying. IV. Bees, Birds, Fowls, Animals—in the 
Orchard and Fruit Garden. V. Harvesting and Marketing. VI. Plant Breeding. 


TEES GARD EN 


HIS library marks a new era in garden literature, as it is the first series of low- 
priced, practical and beautifully illustrated handbooks on home gardening that 
has ever appeared in America. These volumes, written by competent author- 

ities on the subjects, are full of good, helpful advice and instruction for all who 

grow plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables, and for those who take an interest in 
the maintenance and improvement of the country home grounds. 


MAGAZINE 23 


Practical Gardening Books That 
Every Gardener Should Own 


The 
arden Library 


Complete in Nine Volumes 


The nine volumes in “The Garden Library” are uniformly bound in service- 
able green cloth, decorated; size, 5x75; profusely illustrated throughout, including 
“how to’ pictures, planting tables, plans for gardens, etc. 
reference work on matters pertaining to the country home and grounds “The 
Garden Library” should occupy a place on your bookshelf. 
and synopsis of contents of each book is herewith given. 


As a ready 


A brief description 


Roses and How to Grow Them 
By MANY EXPERTS 
The only recent book on this most popular of flowers, which deals directly with 
American practice both outdoors and under glass in all sections of the country. 


I. When, Where and How to Plant. II. The Routine of Work. III. Pruning. IV. Insects, 
Diseases, and Spraying. V. The Rosarian’s Calendar. VI. Roses for Cut Flowers Under Glass. 
VII. Typesand Races. VIII. Roses for Special Purposes. IX. Roses of American Origin. 


Ferns and How to Grow Them 
By G. A. WOOLSON 


The contribution of a nature student who has successfully solved the problem 
of growing the native ferns of our Eastern woods. With table of synonomy. 


I, The Life of a Fern. II. Where Hardy Ferns Can Be Grown. III. Ferns in the Mixed 
Border. IV. Rockwork for Ferns. V. Hardy Ferns for Indoor Culture, and How to Select 
Them. VI. Ferns in the Living Room During Winter. VII. Fern Rockeries Indoors. VIII. 
Fern Culture Under Bell Glasses and in the Wardian Case. IX. Exotic Ferns without_a_Green- 
house. X. Aerial Fern Culture. XI. Ferns for Special Purposes. : aie; 


Lawns and How to Make Them 


By LEONARD BARRON 


The only volume that treats of the making and maintenance of the ornamen- 
tal lawn from a purely practical standpoint. For the first time the whole truth 
about lawn seed mixtures is popularly explained. 

I. Renovating the Old Lawn. II. How to Make a Lawn Once for All. III. Economical 
Grading. IV. Which Is Better: Turf or Seed? V. The Fine Art of Mowing, Rolling and 
Watering. VI. How to Feed a Lawn. VII. Solving the Weed Problem, Insects, etc. VIII. 

The Truth About ‘‘Lawn Mixtures.” IX. Seed Mixtures for Special Purposes. X. Lawns for 
Subtropical Regions. XI. The Best Lawn Tools and Their Use. XII. How to Make Lawn 


Pichlres: XIII. The Peculiar Requirements of Putting Greens. XIV. Guide to the Best Lawn 
rasses. 


Water-Lilies and How to Grow Them 


By H. S. CONARD and HENRI HUS 

A practical garden knowledge of the best water-lilies and other 
aquatics by America’s great authority on the family; with cultural de- 
tails and and making of ponds and small gardens. 


I. Where Water Gardens Can Be Made. II. Economical Pond Construction. III. 
Soils and Planting Out. IV. Wintering and Propagating. V. Seed Saving and 
Starting. VI. Raising New Varieties. VII. The Hardy Water-lilies. VIII. 
The Tender Day Blooming Water-lilies. IX. The Night Blooming Water-lilies. 
X. Growing the Giant Victorias. XI. Lotuses, Water Hyacinths and Other 


Choice Aquatics. XII. Water Gardens Under Glass. XIII. Enemies and 
Send Only 50 Cents with Order 
The Garden Li- 
extra charge, one year’s subscrip- 
scriber we shall be glad 
magazine to a 


Friends. XIV. Pond Surroundings, Windbreaks and Accessory Plants. 
S eci al To all who send us an 
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tion to The Garden Magazine. 
to extend the subscrip- 
friend. 


G. M. 
I2-'09 


Doubleday, 
Page & 
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New York 


{33 E. 6th St. 


GENTLEMEN: Enclosed 
find 50 cents for which send 
me The Garden Library in nine 
volumes and enter the name of 


for one year’s subscription to The 
Garden Magazine. If the books are 
satisfactory I agree to pay $1.00 a month 

for nine months, and if the books are not 
satisfactory I will return them and you will 
refund my first payment. 


XV. Water-lilies for Special Purposes. 
immediate order for 
add, without 
If you are already a sub- 
tion or send the 


236 


A Hobby in Grapes 


| (ey selecting grape vines one should have a 

special object in view. For table use select 
the King Philip, Delaware, Iona and Worden; 
for unfermented grape juice, plant Munson’s 
Clinton or, what would be better (if they could be 
had), some new ones I have originated that are 
especially adapted to that purpose, being very 
juicy and productive. If a jelly grape is desired, 
the pure native Labrusca is the best that grows, 
and of that species the Red Giant is the best variety. 
It is early, hardy and very productive, but any of 
that species are better than the best table grapes. 

The above must be taken as a general application, 
but as a matter of fact, there is no one grape that will 
succeed everywhere, and there is no one place where 
all grapes will grow. In Europe there are some 
1,500 different grapes grown,’ and but three or 
four kinds grown in the same locality; in one town 
there will be a difference in situations and I have 
even noticed a difference on a half acre. So those 
that plant grapes must study their situation, find 
out what kinds are best adapted to their exact 
locality, and also the various methods of training. 
For vineyards the trellis is probably best, but for 
the home garden I think it preferable to grow to a 
stake. It is more convenient to prune and to work 
around the vines. I like the plan of growing up a 
new cane every year to fruit the next, and to cut 
away the one that fruited the year before. By 
that method more vines can be planted on the same 
ground. 

I am often asked if a renewal system is best. 
Now, any pruning is a renewal, and the first sug- 
gestion of pruning at all was caused by a goat’s 
browsing a vine, which caused it to bear more and 
better fruit. A one-year old vine is the best to 
plant, as the roots are young and will throw out new 
rootlets, while a two-year-old or older vine will 
only push out roots where the old roots were cut off. 
Many old worthless vines, if grafted, will pro- 
duce fruit much sooner than a young vine. 

But the grape has always been considered a 
difficult plant to graft. Having had considerable 
trouble myself in that work, a new method sug- 
gested itself to me. As the grape cannot easily 
be grafted on the top, and as the crown where most 
grafting is done is cross-grained, or winding, it is 
very difficult to get the stock and scion to form a 
union. ‘That being the case, it occurred to me that 
it would be much easier to graft the root. The 
experiment proved a great success. I cut out the 
crown, turned up the roots, and grafted them. A 
union was as sure to form as corn is to germinate. 
I have grafted six roots of an old vine, and every 
one formed a union and each made a growth of 
fifteen feet the same year. If a grower wishes to 
grow grapes in a commercial way, I think there is 
the most profit in putting them into unfermented 
grape juice. It is easily and quickly done, and the 
crop is put in shape to handle at leisure. 

The crossing and hybridizing of a grape is very 
interesting to one that has a taste for it. To select 
grapes having desirable qualities and cross them, 
plant the seeds and watch their development is very 
interesting and fascinating, and after one has been 
at it long enough to have new ones coming on 
every year, it is doubly so. From one of my com- 
binations I have what I call my Delaware group. 
Believing, as I do, that the Delaware is made up 
from Labrusca, riparia and vinifera, I started 
in to make a white Delaware. I selected as the 
mother vine the Taylor, a white hybrid of Labrusca 
and riparia, the seedlings of which are usually white. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


I pollenated that grape from my International, a 
grape that is of the same makeup (I believe) as 
the Delaware, with the White Frontignac as its 
vinifera element. This combination I thought 
would be quite sure to give me a White Delaware. 
The result is many red and white fruit, and some 
black or blue; all very much resembling the Dela- 
ware in style and size of cluster, usually somewhat 
larger, although there are some very much smaller. 
Two white ones are very choice, one is very early, 
of high flavor and delicious. 

One word about the breeding of the Delaware. 
Its exact breeding is absolutely unknown and 
always will be, and our only guide in forming an 
opinion is combinations that produce grapes nearest 
like it. I am aware that Professor T. V. Mun- 
son, of Texas, holds that there is the blood of 
Bourquiniana in it, but until a combination pro- 
duces offspring more nearly resembling the Dela- 
ware than the above-mentioned combination, I 
shall hold to my present views. 


METHODS OF HYBRIDIZING 


As some readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
may wish to try hybridizing the grape, perhaps I 
had better state my method of doing it. I watch 
the blossoms of the intended mother vine and when 
they seem about ready to throw off the cap I select 
a cluster that is convenient to get at. Remove 
all the buds except a few that seem the nearest 
ready to open, then take a blossom between the 
thumb and finger and with a sharp toothpick (a 
pin or needle is more likely to injure the stigma) 
remove the cap and the anthers; have ready a clus- 
ter of blossoms from the vine that is to furnish the 
pollen and tap the stigma with the anthers until 
the pollen is plainly seen adhering to it. After 
operating on all the blossoms, take a large-mouthed 
bottle, tie two strings to the neck, draw it up over 
the cluster and tie it to the branch high enough to 
completely enclose the cluster. Then tuck cotton 
around the stem in the mouth of the bottle to pre- 
vent other pollen from entering. 


Massachusetts. N. B. WHITE. 


Blackberries Grown on a Trellis 


NE OF the most practical and artistic suc- 
cesses of my garden this year, are four black- 
berry vines trained against a dividing property fence 
of chicken wire. In the spring of 1905, they were 
little wandering shoots handed over from a neigh- 
bor’s yard. Now they reach the top of this six-foot 
fence in places, making it lovely in every season. 
Moreover, the size of their berries surpasses that 
of the untrained bushes of blackberries which I 
have in another part of my garden. 

The quantities of fruit borne by my trained and 
untrained bushes seem about the same, but the 
great difference is in the ease of picking. 

Train against a fence by tying the main stalks 
and runners to the wires with inch wide strips of 
cotton cloth. Brown is a good, inconspicuous 
color as it blends with the stems. 

After the young blackberry plants are set out 
and started they take care of themselves, but be 
sure to trim out all old wood and fertilize with 
manure each fall. They are great wanderers, 
however, and all unnecessary shoots must be quickly 
pulled up. 

This year my blackberries yielded from one to 
three quarts daily, beginning about July 20th 
and continuing till August 12th. I shall never 
forget as long as I live the beauty of those abundant 
clusters of berries clinging to the wires, as they 
gradually changed from green to red, and then 
to black. 


New Jersey. LAuRA B. CARPENTER. 


In the Strawberry Patch 


APES ago one of my neighbors plowed up a 
strawberry patch, the plants in which were 
two years old. Knowing but little of berry culture, 
I took a bushel basketful of these old plants and 
made a bed in my own garden, expecting to have 
quantities of berries this summer. We did have a 
few, but I soon learned that the best berries grew on 
the young plants — those having good root develop- 
ment when reset. ; 
My first bed was made by placing the plants in a 


DrcEeMBER, 1909 


number of single rows running across the bed the 
short way, the rows being twenty inches apart and 
the plants standing twelve inches apart in the row. 
For cultivating I use a two-forked onion hoe, which 
keeps the soil loose and cuts out the weeds. In the 
fall leaves were placed on the bed and in the spring, 
when this mulch was lifted, well-rotted manure was 
worked in between the plants. After the fruiting 
season was over, the patch was mowed to get rid 
of the old leaves, and new leaves and runners were 
soon taking their place. 

When the new runners were well rooted, the old 
bed was spaded up, the new plants being thrown 
in a pile at the side. After raking and leveling the 
bed I was ready to make an entirely new and better 
one than that of last year. This time the rows were 
made the long way of the bed to make cultivation 
easier and quicker. Instead of being single they 
were double, the plants being placed eight inches 
apart each way, the double rows being twenty-four 
inches apart. As the runners developed, they were 
kept within the double rows, leaving the space 
between the rows open for cultivation. 

This bed was made the last of June; the weather 
was such that no watering was necessary. On 


September roth, we had as fine a prospect for next ° 


year’s crop as others who set their plants out in early 


spring. We have covered the bed with clean straw, © 


not too thickly spread, through which the plants will 
grow next spring and bear berries which we hope 
will be free from grit and dirt. 


Ohio. H. F. WHITE. 


Points About Dwarf Trees 


Shae great advantage of dwarf fruit trees is 

that they occupy less space than standard trees 
and can be given more careful individual attention. 
The fruit does not differ from that produced by 
a standard tree of the same variety. Any tree can 
be reduced to dwarf form by pruning and training. 

Apples and pears are the best fruit trees to set out 
as dwarfs. They are usually had by inserting buds 
of the desired variety into a slow-growing stock. 
Practically all dwarf apples are budded on a small- 
fruited, wild European apple called the Paradise. 
Half dwarfs, which are budded on Doucin stock, 
come into bearing later than dwarfs, require more 
room but ultimately bear larger crops. Dwarf 
pears are budded on quince stocks. Plums have 
been usually put on myrobalan roots, but Professor 


F. A. Waugh believes that the best stock is the ” 


sand cherry. 
Peaches, when worked on a plum stock, make a 


shorter growth; they are also much better adapted . 


to growing on wet or heavy soils, and are longer 
lived than if worked on peach seedlings. Cherries 
are usually grafted on mahaleb stock, but some 
varieties do not succeed well when worked directly 
onit. In this case they are double grafted. 
Connecticut. (G5 125. Sh 


The Pekin Duck in the Garden 


N ONE of the early numbers of THE GARDEN 

MaGAZINE I read about keeping Pekin ducks 

in the garden for the purpose of eating bugs. The 

idea struck me as being good, so a farmer friend and 
I bought some large eggs. 

Out of the dozen eggs we managed to get seven 
mammoth ducks. They grew about twice as fast 
as chickens — indeed, at such an astonishing rate 
that one could almost see them grow! 

When they were four weeks old we put them in 
the vegetable garden. And instead of going for 
the bugs, we found that the lettuce and other greens 
suited their fancy much better. But they did not 
enjoy the feast long. I then put mine in the front 
yard! The next morning I found that we were to 
do without poppies and morning glories for the 
season of 1909. But the ducks proved to be 
unusually fine birds! 

People told me that six of them would eat as 
much as a horse, and many more told me that there 
was no money in them. However, I sold them at 
100 per cent. profit. I received even better offers 
after they were gone. 

The birds are soon to be exhibited at a local fair 
and I am confident that they will take all the prizes 
in sight. 

Illinois. 


O. L. JorDAN. 


DEecEMBER, 1909 


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If you wish information about dogs 
apply to the Readers’ Service 


MAGAZINE 


237 


NEW: YORK | 


ath 1.0 Garnet 
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A WANAMAKER SUGGESTION 


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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


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The most elaborate ever published. 


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BOSTON, MASS. 


DECEMBER, 1909 


A Window Cutting-Bench 


AENE from the florist, no matter how expen- 

sive or luxuriant it may be, can never replace 
in our affection one that we have raised ourselves. 
Such a plant represents to us the pride of achieve- 
ment, for it is largely the result of our own efforts. 
Fortunately there is a goodly number of plants that 
we can raise from slips or cuttings almost as well at 
home as the professional gardener can in his green- 
house. 

In the first place a sunny window and a room in 
which the temperature averages about 60 degrees are 
essential. It is, however, no serious drawback if 
the temperature does fall at times to 4o degrees. 
The next step is to prepare the propagating box 
wherein the cuttings are to be rooted. Flower- 
pots filled with sand will answer the purpose, though 
these are not nearly as convenient or practical as 
my outfit, which can be made as follows: Secure 
a box from three to four inches deep and of a size 
to fit your window-sill. The one shown in the 
illustration is perhaps considerably wider than you 
will want, for this box was placed in the furnace 
room of the basement where a sunny south win- 
dow happened o be available. The box can, of 
course, be painted any desired color, and I have 
likewise achieved some very ornamental effects by 
covering the sides of one box with birch bark framed 
in twigs. Lining the box with tin renders it very 
durable and when mounted on legs fitted with 
rubber ends it will not damage the most highly 
polished surface. 

At the bottom of the propagating box should be 
placed half an inch of gravel, potsherds finely 
broken, or any other available material that will 
provide drainage. Spread over this a thin layer of 


sphagnum moss or a piece of burlap, the object 


Give plants this year as Christmas presents. 
Raise the cuttings in a propagating box like this 
and have some fun 


being to keep the sand out of the drainage layer. 
On the top of this put about three inches of clear 
sand. The box can be still further improved by 
adding a glass top about six inches high, as shown in 
the picture. By the aid of a glass cutter and 
adhesive tape fastened along the corners, window 
panes can easily be made into a glass hood, though 
I prefer to have the top on loose so as to facilitate 
ventilation. Such an arrangement gives one prac- 
tically a miniature greenhouse. In my propagating 
box the glass sides are held in place by being simply 
pressed down to the full depth of the sand. The 
cover is held on by its own weight. That portion of 
the box outside of the glass I reserved for experi- 
ments with hard wood cuttings, such as the willows, 
honeysuckles, and native roses. 


The latest books on travel and biography may . 
DECEMBER 5 1909 T H E G A R D E N M A G A Ve, I N E be GiiasneDePeCEeTl the Readers’ Service 239 


Trinidad Lake Asphalt 


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Peters Seamus Please 
AUPrser 
Plants eee eee Patrons 


9 Selected Seeds and Bulbs 
ADAMS are the best. Write for 
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Henry Saxton Adams, Garden Expert, Wellesley, Mass. 


DREER’S “soo. 
For 1910 


Is a positive necessity to everyone who J 
wishes to keep posted on things horticul- 
tural. Everyone says that our 1909 edition 
was the finest and most helpful gardening 
book ever published, and we are confident 
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This 1910 edition is now in preparation 
and will contain information that is in- 
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every flower and vegetable worth growing. 


It costs nothing to get a copy 


Simply write us and say “‘ Please send me 
a copy of your 1910 Garden Book when 
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HENRY A. DREER 


714 Chestnut Street Philadelphia 


YOU NEED A COPY OF 


The Garden and Farm 
Almanac for 1910 


If You Own 
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The Readers’ Service will giv 
At opRRati oe, poets SEE; G A R DEN M A G AZ I NE 


NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW 


DE LAVAL 
BUTTER AWARD TRIUMPH 
AS USUAL 


The great NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW was held at Milwaukee, Wis., 
October 15-24, and in keeping with the invariable result since ““ALPHA-DISC ” 
DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS went into use all the HIGHEST 
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The three highest awards in the CREAMERY BUTTER class—all to 
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A. J. ANDERSON, Otisco, Minn., : : : . 
THOR. MOE, Winthrop, Minn., 5 : 6 ‘ 5 Score 96% 
A. L. OESTRICH, Watertown, Wis., 3 = < Score 96 

The highest award on DAIRY BUTTER was to P. Daingaard, Camp Point, 
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The highest award in the CERTIFIED CREAM contest was to G. Van B. 
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The highest award in the CREAMERY PATRONS contest for hand separator 
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Full details of all the entries and scores have not yet been made public, but 
there is no doubt that the vast majority of all exhibits scoring 90 and above will 
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Incomplete reports have been received of highest butter awards at the various 
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NEW YORK 1016 westenve 


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MONTREAL 


Drurmnm @ Sacramento Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO 


DECEMBER, 1909 


As to the cuttings one can start in such a box the 
geranium ranks among the first. With a sharp 
knife or shears, the young shoots from some thrifty 
plant should be removed so that each cutting will 
be from one to two inches long and have but one 
large-leaf. The growing point must never be 
injured. The aim must be to reduce the evapora- 
tion to a minimum and yet keep enough leaf surface 
to carry on the life functions and induce the forma- 
tion of roots. The cuttings as soon as made should 
be stuck into the sand (which has been previously 
thoroughly soaked) and placed far enough apart to 
allow ample room for the leaves. By starting to root 
cuttings toward the end of January and following 
each batch with another as fast as ever your old. 
plants (which should be forced along) can produce 
new shoots, you may find it possible to grow a 
sufficient supply for the garden next summer. For 
this purpose as soon as the cuttings are well rooted 
pot into 4-inch pots. ‘They can be held back con- 
siderably and still retain their vitality by being 
placed in a dry, cool place, though it is necessary 
to give them a good start in the pots for the first few 
weeks. ‘True, this will give a rather uneven lot of 
plants, but I have found that for bedding purposes 
it makes practically no difference, for within a very 
few weeks all the geraniums in a bed attain much 
the same size. Nor is it any serious matter if the 
plants, when they are set out, are somewhat scraggy 
and leafless, as they will soon recuperate. 

A fair supply of coleus for bordering the geraniums 
can also be started in the cutting box. They are 
as easily started as the geraniums, but it is some- 
what more difficult to carry the potted plants 
along until they are wanted. In the matter of pro- 
ducing new shoots the mother plant is even more 
prolific than the geranium. 

In rooting geraniums and coleus you may some- 
times be troubled with a rot that manifests itself by 
blackening the cut end, thereby preventing the for- 
mation of roots. When this occurs throw away the 
affected cutting and provide entirely new sand taken 
from a different source than that from which the 
former has been obtained. Where the rot has not 
gone too far the cuttings can sometimes be saved by 
removing the blackened end, but there still remains 
the danger of infection. 


PROPAGATING BEGONIAS 


The begonias are another class of plants that start 
very readily from cuttings. With the flowering 
varieties cuttings made from healthy stems will 
generally root easily enough, while in the case of 
those grown for their large ornamental foliage, such 
as the Rex begonia, new plants are started from 
leaf cuttings, either by taking an entire leaf and 
cutting it in two along the midrib, or into triangular 
pieces so that each contains a portion of the petiole. 
Stand the cuttings upright and bury to about half 
their depth into the sand. Likewise an entire leaf 
may be pegged down flat on the sand and incisions 
made across the midrib and larger veins, when roots 
will develop and new plants grow from the injured 
spots. In this manner, if one be persistent and not 
too impatient, one plant may in time become the 
progenitor of many without the least injury to itself. 

Some of the other plants that root readily if a piece 
of the vine be stuck into the sand are the ivy and the 
tradescantia. The tradescantia or wandering Jew 
is a creeper that grows so easily as to make it a 
veritable weed. Many of the cactuses can also 
be started from cuttings, but they differ, however, 
from other plants in that the cuttings will need to be 
dried for several days so as to induce the formation 
of a callus across the cut end. The cuttings must, 
however, not be allowed to shrivel. Gloxinia can 
likewise be started in this manner if an entire leaf, 
retaining a portion of the petiole, is planted to about 
one-third its depth in the sand. 

Raising plants from cuttings is really a very simple 
operation, but there is a knack in doing it that can 
only be acquired by continual practice. Remember 
to keep your sand at all times saturated with water, 
but not soaked. During the first week, aiter 
planting, before the cuttings have yet begun to form 
roots, it will be best to shade them during the 
sunniest part of the day — from about ten in the 
morning to four in the afternoon. No more eco- 
nomical and at the same time more appropriate 
Christmas present can be given to our friends thana 
plant which we can feel that we have really raised. 

North Dakota. C. L. MELLER. 


1 r ry The latest books on travel and biography may 
DECEMBER , 1909 ar H E G A R D E N M AGAZINE HeOWianedirnieh the Readers’ Service 241 


Garden. 
FleIp 


Meehans’ Garden Bulletin 
should be in the hands 
of every reader of The 
Garden Magazine. It 
is a valuable monthly 
gardening paper. 


oe Papi 5 
THOMAS MEEHAN Edited by experienced horti- 


SERN HORT 4 culturists — men who know of 
Bs 


pa what they speak through actual, 
practical experience. 

Write today for a free copy, or send ro cents for the 
numbers from September to December, 1909. 


Are you going to plant? If you are ex- 
pecting to use hardy plants send for our 
big, valuable plant book of 64 pages. Give 
size of your property when applying. 


Thomas Meehan & Sons 


Incorporated 
Box 17, Germantown, 


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Make the Farm Pay 


Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture, 
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250 page catalog free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 


Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass. 


LOOK OUT 
FOR SPARKS 


No more danger or damage from flying 
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- 
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The Syracuse Wire Works 


“ 103 University Avenne, = Syracuse, N. Y. 


Thorburn’s Seed Catalogue 


for 1910 will be ready for mailing January ist. Register your 
name now for a copy—mailed free. 


J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay Street, New York. 


eynemecay iu ut woes, 


‘MWe Equrrane Lire AssuRaNce Society 


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Intelligently, 
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Honestly Done 


This testimony to the character 
of the work of the Davey tree 
experts is typical of the hundreds - 
cheerfully given by patrons. The 
Supreme test of any accomplish- 
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epmgaen eerae 


‘Br, Jona Davey, SEO 


Kent, Oni. 
Dear fir:- 


Replying to yours of tha MA Lasts, 
© would say that years ago you did some work on 
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thad work done by other people on those and other 

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sion as to the results of its prac- 


dam. 
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tical application is the 


Verdict on Davey Tree Surgery 
After the Test of Years 


Compared with the partial success, often amounting to real failure, of 
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“Our Wounded Friends, 


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The Davey Book of Why and How tells in 
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THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT 
COMPANY 
(Operating Dabey’s School of 

Practical Forestry) JOHN DAVEY 
KENT, OHIO Father of Tree Surgery 


JAMES J. HILL’S 


» GREAT 
SERIES 


READ 


what this far-seeing 
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TAE 


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242 


EDUCATOR 
CRACKERS 


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(BLACK OR YELLOW) 
IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS 
SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 
CATALOG *16 FREE 


Tower CANADIAN Co. LIMITED TORONTO CAN. 


The Readers’ Service will give information 
about the latest automobile accessories 


THE GARDEN 


A Plant Stool or Tabouret 


HE stool, in the accompanying illustration, 

if well made, is verysolid. It fits in well with 

library, hall and office furnishings and makes a very 
acceptable Christmas gift. 

The materials needed are four pieces 18 x 3 x fin. 
planed, for legs; one piece 14 x 14 x # in. planed, 
top; two pieces 84 x 13 x { in., planed, lower braces; 
one piece 84 x8} x in., planed, upper braces. 
Use chestnut, white wood, white oak, mahogany, 
cherry or birch. You will need also 2-in. blued 
screws, round head, for fastenings. 

To construct the stool make with the two 84 x 
13x { in. pieces, the lower braces, a lap joint. Find 
the mid-line of each piece by measuring 4} in. 
from the ends. From this line lay off two other 
lines parallel to it and at a distance of { in. to the 
right and left. This makes a 1? in. square in the 
centre of each piece. Now transfer these lines down 
the edges of the lower brace pieces. Saw on the 
inside of the lines down one-half the thickness or 


Notice the pleasing effect of the simple lines in 
this stosl Why not give this, at Christmas, to 
some friend who loves plants? 


saw and chisel down to one-half. It is necessary 
to saw on the inside of the lines or a loose joint will 
result. The joint must be exactly in the middle and 
all arms must be equal in length when completed. 
Brads or finishing nails should be used to hold the 
joint in place. This lower brace is 7 in. up from 
the floor or bottom of the stool. In the picture the 
screws, which hold the brace, show plainly. 

Now lay off an octagon, with a diameter of 84 in. 
on the 84 x 8} x { in. pieces, sawing off the corner 
pieces so to just fit the log. Glue and screw this 
to the under sides of the top piece, placing the grain 
across that of the top wood. Warping is thus 
prevented. ‘This brace acts asa support to which 
the upper ends of the legs are firmly screwed and 
glued. A ;%; in. gimlet hole should be bored for each 
screw or the wood will split. The holes should not 


MAGAZINE 


and get the cigaret that’s made 
primarily to smoke---not to sell. 


Really. 


MAKAROFF 
RUSSIAN 
CIGARETS 


All good stores have them or can get 
them, instanter. 
Plain, cork-tip or mouthpiece. Fifteen Cents and a Quarter. 


JDnatarofy- (JoAnn 


A Sample of 
PAGE FENCE FREE! 


Let us send you an actual sample of Page Woven Wire Fence 
and our vaiuable Quarter Centennial Catalog Free. See the real 
Page Wire! Examine the method of weaving the wonderful 
Page Knot—the Knot that can’t come off! Study the 
many styles of Page Fence and the Panorama of Pictures show- 
ing extreme tests which this splendid fence withstands. Read how, 
in our great mills and factories, we put elasticity, tensile 
strength and durability into High Carbon, Basic Open 
Hearth Steel Wire. Learn what this means in economy. 


Specified by U. S. Government as standard of quality. Ap- 
proved by a million farmers. Write at once for Free Sample of 
Page Fence and Grand Quarter Centennial Catalog. 


Page Woven Wire Fence Co. 
Box 200A Adrian, Mich. 


» The New Idea in Rat Extermination @ 
Harmless to human beings and household pets if 
accidentally taken in small quantities. 

Safe Sure Scientific | Clean to Handle 
Shaped like a squash seed—the rat’s favorite food. 
They do not die in the house but rush for open 
air and water. 
A Single Tablet Will Kill the Largest Rat 
15c and 25c at your druggists’ or sent prepaid 
on receipt of price in stamps or Coin. 
FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 
100 William Street New York City 


Free Christmas Dinners 
For 300,000 Poor People 


WILL BE SUPPLIED BY 


THE SALVATION ARMY 


THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES 


a ——— - = r M 
Will you help by sending a Donation, no matter how 
small, to Commander MISS BOOTH. 

118 West 14th Street NEW YORK CITY 


DrcEMBER, 1909 


a 


Ij a problem grows in your garden write to 
the Readers’ Service jor assistance 243 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DrcEMBER, 1909 


Greenhouse Now 


‘ Have an indoor garden of flowers all 
winter. No leggy, laggy plants, but 
healthy, full blooming ‘‘ top-notchers.” 

Never has a greenhouse so well built and 
thoroughly guaranteed been offered at so 
low a figure. Price includes everything, 
even to the boiler. Shipped knocked down, 
ready for immediate erection. Anyone can 
put it up—no foundations needed. 

Three dreary months before spring; turn 
them into summer: by having this house. 
Send at once for booklet. 


Buy This $250 


A SNUG LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE 


HERE are cases where the lean-to greenhouse is 
the cheapest house to build. Take this one, for 
instance: the owner had a root cellar in a side 


a north wall, you might better put that money into the 
greenhouse and have a regular even span one. 
e are forever cautioning those who come to us, 


Hitchings & Company 


1170 Broadway, New York 


WNIZERD 


rae Sheep Manure 


Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad 
Modors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, 
lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. 


BARREL FOUN 


Wacon LOADS 


_ STABLE | 


$4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. 
SF] Apply now. 


Delivered to your Freight Station. 


hill, with a concrete wall at = 
the front, that faced the ~ c 
garden toward the south. 
Against this wall it was a 
simple matter to build the 
lean-to. 

It is protected from the 
cold north winds, and ex- 
posed to the sunny south. 
A row of cold frames are 
in front—and so the root 
cellar, the greenhouse and 
the garden are all together 
—which is a handy way to 
have them. 

Of course it is not neces- 
sary that the house be built 
against a wall—a stable or 


against going to any but 
greenhouse builders for 
their house, however small 
it may be. You naturally 
think that’s simply because 
greenhouse building is our 
business. And that is the 
reason. 

But by the same token, 
isn’t it reasonable that we 
should know this business 
decidedly better than a car- 
penter or the concern who 
only does it occasionally ? 

Isn’t it reasonable that 
in our fifty years of doing 
nothing else we_ should 
know how better than any 


any other existing building with a southern exposure is one else? Simply reasonable reasons. 
just as good. ‘ Pay ; Shall we send you some of our printed matter, show- 
f you had to go to the direct expense of building ing some of the houses we have built? 


LORD AND BURNHAM COMPANY 


IRVINGTON NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO 
N. Y. St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Heed Bldg. The Rookery 


TTI thoPulverized Manure Go.,19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


BURPEF SEEDS GROW 


If you want a copy of the 
Catalog,’’ for 1909, address BURPEE, Philadelphia. 


‘‘Leading American Seed 
FOSTER ov RAMS 
DUTY 
Are guaranteed in writing to deliver 
so much water, to such and such a height, 


Work for Men and 
Women 4 


300% PROFIT MADE 


Growing Mushrooms 


Reon HE GARDEN STUDIO, at 


val . Markets waiting for all you can raise. < C S 
ee na anne eS pious No cipital or special place necessary. E AMS 647 Boylston St ) Boston, 
SOR price and treight Growr in cellar, stables, sheds, boxes, 2 


Mass., offers a unique oppor- 
tunity for the selection of gar- 
denaccessories in artificial stone, foriarge 
estates, formal gardens or small home 
gardens. On exhibition and for sale 
are sun dials, benches, urns, columns, 


is refunded. No other ram can _ back 

up such a liberal guaranty. 

Send for Free Book 

= and learn how to in- 
stall at low cost, the— 


AY tm i wt Most Dependable 
Water-Supply System 


If you have a stream, pond or spring available this book 

will show you how to place the water where you want it, 

with least trouble and expense. Write today. ; 
POWER SPECIALTY CO. 

2135 Trinity Bldg- New York, N. Y. 


etc. Write for big illustrated free booklet 
showing our beds and farm and learn how to 
start this easy business. National Spawn & Mush- 
room Co., Dept. 9, 184 Summer St., Boston, Mass. 


Roses in the South 


Should Be Planted Before Xmas gazing globes, tables, balustrades and 
if a profusion of flowers is wanted next year. The fountains. Particular attention is given 
long growing season, rich red soil and congenial tothe ornamentation of city yard gardens. 
climate of our Mountain Nurseries produce stocky, 
sure-to-grow plants, that cannot be equaled any- 
where else for vigor, health, and strong, hungry roots. 

We know and grow only those kinds that are 
certain to succeed and satisfy—and they are the 
very best kinds. 

Write today for our free catalogue of mountain-grown Roses, 


Old-fashioned Hardy Perennials, Ornamental Shrubs, Shade 
Trees and Fruits. 


CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES 


300 Missionary Ridge Chattanooga, Tenn. 


We shall be glad to send a book of prices and 
illustrations of the garden accessories, which 
will enable you to order by mail. 

The firm desires also to announce that it 
makes and has made for years a specialty of 
fine interior decoration for town and country 
houses, libraries, churches and theatres. 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 
647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. 


HARDY NORTHERN GROWN NURSERY STOCK 


WE GROW EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS 
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF 


| Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses 24 Herbaceous Perennials, Etc., Etc. 
: 140 Fifth ‘Avenu e : s : Our Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue for the asking 


e 


THE BAY STATE NURSERIES NORTH ABINGTON, MASS. 


The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 
information about foreign travel 


244 


Why Most Tree Repairing Fails | 


Take the matter of cementing up cavities, for instance—it looks 
simple enough, and is seemingly only a matter of digging out the cavity 
and crowding it full of cement. Such a cavity so treated goes right on 
decaying just the same, straight into the heart of the tree. Moisture 
between the wood and cement being confined, only hastens the 
destruction. 

The cement, if not rightly edged off, will prevent the growth of 
the bark, and keep it from completely covering over the filling. Your 
tree is worse off than it was before. 

Then there is the vitalness of trimming a tree right. When a 
physician removes a human limb he brings his skill to bear so the 
healing shall be rapid—perfect. Trees should be treated in the same 
careful way—that is, if you care a rap about their health, their living. 

And so we might goon and name a dozen brutalities practiced on 
trees by the good intentioned but unknowing, not to mention the 
quack tree doctors. 

Our work is directed entirely by Forestry College graduates, and 
not by men who have “ picked up their scant knowledge.” 

We do know our business—can save your trees—do not run up 
exorbitant bills—do advise our customers frankly. In short, you depend 
on depending upon us. 

If you want a concern of this kind to do your work, we will gladly 
come and make an inspection of your trees and advise their - right 
treatment. 

To know us and our methods a bit'better, let us send you our booklet, ““The Care of Trees.’’ 

Perhaps you might like to know some of the people for whom we have done work. 


WH 


Lu LANDSCAPE FoRESTERS 


813 Tremont Building, Boston 


Privet Hedge by the’) 


We grow California Privet by the “square” mile and sell it by the “running”’ 
mile. Our enormous acreage of this superior hedge enables us to offer it _ 
at prices so low that you can afford to plant tt by the male. i 


The Best Live Fence 


Our privet is of fine quality ; particularly choice 
plants, dug with full fiber to give best results 
when planted. There is no other live ~<& 
fence quite so hardy; none which KEES 
grows more rapidly, or requires «<< 

less care. California Privet 
may be planted in 
late fall to ad- d 
vantage. 


1203 Monadnock Building, Chicago 1703, Building, New York 


Good_ strong Cal- 

ifornia Privet, 12 to 
18 inches high, sufficient 
to plant one mile, $200; for 
one-half mile, $110; one-quarter 
mile, $60. In smaller quantities, $20 
per 1,000; $2.50 per 100; 40 cts. per doz. 


Live Fences Are Best 


California Privet, at these prices, will give you livefences 
32 for less than you can build them of wire. As the years go by, 
the hedge fences will add largely to the value of your property. 


Valuable booklet, ‘* How to Plant about ‘ ’ he a ; 
~SERLIN MARYLAND 


the Country Home,” /vee, if you write for 
it today, addressing your request Desk 10. 


we 


2|band 


& 


dl 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DEcEMBER, 1909 


be deeper than 14 in. if the screws are to hold firmly. 
Try drawing the screws across a cake of soap and 
see if they will not be applied more easily. 

To be sure that the legs go on exactly rigid it would 
be well to draw lines diagonally through the centre 
of the under surface of the top piece. The legs are 
to be attached at right angles to these diagonals. 
After the legs are screwed to the upper and lower 
braces sand paper the entire stool. Do this length- 
wise to the grain, never across. Then stain and 


wax just as in the case of the flower box, on page 
231 


A Naw York. 


195 18.9: 


The Difference in Catalpas 

Oe of the easiest ways to distinguish the hardy 

or Western catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) from 
C. bignonioides is by the seeds. The seed of the 
former is wide and flat, from one to two inches long, 
and the fine hairs at the end stick straight out beyond 
the seed like the bristles on a flat paint brush. 
The seeds of bignonioides, on the contrary, are 
usually more slender and the hairs at the end are 
usually drawn to a point. 

The trees can also be distinguished by the seed 
pods. Those of speciosa are usually longer than 
bignonioides and are more bluntly formed, being 
thicker in proportion to their length. They are 
about three-quarters of an inch wide. As a rule 
they are borne rather sparingly and high up on the 
tree. The pods of bignonioides are more slender, 
from one-quarter to one-third of an inch in thick- 
ness, are often borne on the lower branches, and 
generally more in a cluster than are those of speciosa. 

The bark is also a means of identification. ‘That 
of speciosa is like the oak, being rough and rather 
deeply furrowed, while the bark of the other variety 
is smoother and is inclined to peel off in scales. 
The flowers of speciosa are larger and fewer in a 
cluster than those of bignonioides, and they appear 
a week or so earlier in the spring. 


New Hampshire. Ce We Cs 


Anthracnose on Rose Bushes 


Ree bushes are often-attacked by anthrac- 

nose, the disease being chiefly characterized 
by a scarcity of leaves. Instead of a plant with 
foliage upon all the canes, there are but a few leaves 
upon some stems, while others are entirely defoli- 
ated. The whole plant becomes infested with the 
fungus, which so saps the vitality and interferes 
with the processes of growth that the leaves, even if 
they were healthy in themselves, are unable to per- 
form their work. 

The plant is most likely to be attacked when young 
— or, at least, the young portions of a plant are the 
most susceptible. The spores fall upon the sur- 
face of the young, tender canes, and leaves as well, 
germinate and shortly produce an affected spot. 

Foliage of a sickly color and leaves falling pre- 
maturely, especially from the tips of the canes, are 
sure indications of the presence of anthracnose. 
Pinkish blotches will be found on the leaves, par- 
ticularly those that lie upon the moist earth beneath 
the half defoliated plant. Similar but more dis- 
tinct pimples usually occur upon some portion of 
the cane. 

Bordeaux mixture used upon the leaves and 
stems prevents in large degree the entrance of the 
germs. All plants that are nearly leafless from this 
cause should either be cut down close to the soil 
or pulled up bodily and thrown in the trash heap. 

New Jersey. M. D. MarsBAtt. 


DrcEemBeER, 1909 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


The Readers’ Service will give 
information about automobiles 


A Review Offer 


on 
The Lords of 
High Decision 


By MEREDITH NICHOLSON 


So widespread has been the interest shown 
in these reviews by readers that we hereby 
offer a third set of modest prizes for the best 
review of Meredith Nicholson’s new book, 
“The Lords of High Decision.”? ‘The con- 
ditions are the same as before in the cases of 
Benson’s ‘The Climber,”’ and Mrs. Ward’s 
“Marriage a la Mode,” and we repeat them 
for the benefit of those not familiar with the 
plan: 

1. Copy to be written on only one side of sheet, 

typewritten preferably. 


2. The review to be not more than rooo words. 
750 would be better. 


3. The manuscript to be submitted not later than 
December 20. 


The prizes to be awarded and announced in the 
February, 1910, numbers of Doubleday, Page 
& Company’s magazines, Country Life in 
America, The World’s Work, and The Garden 
Magazine. 


The First Prize is $50. The Second Prize 
is $30. The Third Prizeis $20. The Fourth 
Prize, books from our book catalogue to the 
amount of $7.50. The Fifth Prize, books 
to the amount of $5.00. The Sixth Prize, a 
subscription to Country Life in America. 
The Seventh Prize, a subscription to The 
World’s Work. 


As the authors are often anxious to read 
these reviews, we shall not return them un- 
less especially requested to do so and post- 
age is enclosed. 


We have printed the winning reviews of 
both Mr. Benson’s novel ‘“The Climber” and 
Mrs. Ward’s ‘Marriage & la Mode,” in 
pamphlet form, and we will send copies to 
any one interested, on request. 


Address Review Contest 
Doubleday, Page & Company 


- 133 East 16th St., New York 


$1500 to $5000 a Year 


has been made by hundreds 
of people operating the 


‘American’ Drilling Machines 


There is no business in the world where a few hun- 
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them the world’s standard. 


Complete New Catalog FREE 
The American Well Works 
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“IN First National Bank Building, Chicago 
REINECKE, WAGNER PUMP & SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 


Our ten years of practical 
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of our trained experts has made this the 
most practical of all water supply system. 
There is no elevated or attic tank to 
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supplying water for country and suburban 
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1 The Kewanee System is not 
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Many features of the Kewanee 
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Expert engineering service 1s 
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| Kewanee Tanks and Pumping Machinery 


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New York. 
1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago 


| 
| : 
} Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, IIl. 


Se a | . J; 


Have You Any Country Property 
You Wish to Sell or Rent P 


We know of numbers of Country Properties sold and 


rented through advertisements in 


CoOuNTRY LIFE IN 


It could help you dispose of your place. 


AMERICA’S REAL ESTATE 


Write for particulars to 


DIRECTORY 


MANAGER OF THE REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT, 133 E. 16th St., N. Y. 


JAR For injormation about popular resorts 
246 write to the Readers’ Service 


THE GAR DN 


Stable Comforts 


It is a noticeable fact that live stock shrinks 

in weight and grows poor during cold 

weather; cows especially fall off more 

than one-half in their milk; this is 

largely due to insufficient water. 

While there may be water enough, 

at some half-frozen spring or 

brook, out in the yard or pasture, 

at which, every morning, if he 

thinks of it, the farm hand breaks 

the ice, yet the effort to reach it 

on cold days and in deep snow 

is so great that horses and cattle 

will frequently go half dry for 

F-))) ae iam Q days together. For this reason 

i : MI Wy Sy: ¥ the best stock farms are well 

1 I oF) en supplied with water under cover. 
The 


Hot-Air Pump 


gives an abundant and permanent 

supply, always fresh and at a temper- 

ature which invites the animals to drink 

their fill. Besides, it does away entirely 

with the slow and expensive process of water- 
ing live stock with a pail and by hand. 


Srermngper tes 
(+ EUSSOTIPPRET Cerra 


—— 


<7 ae 


One of these pumps, representing a permanent investment which will outlast 
a generation, can now be bought at the very low price of $90. Descriptive 
Catalogue **U*’ sent free on application. 


~ A = - 35 Warren St., New York. 40 Dearborn St., Chicago. 
l cr = TICSSON ll Inc (0) 239 Franklin St., B ston. 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. 
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Hot-Air Pump (Also builders of the new “Reeco” Electric Pump) 2e IE SEGRE DYGBSS NOS We 


Plant for Immediate Effect 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 


Start with the largest stock that can be secured! 
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. 


We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that 
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. 


Andorra Nurseries 
Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


It takes over twenty 


WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. 


MAGAZINE 


IMPORTANT AND TIMELY BOOKS 


Fighting the 
Polar Ice 
By ANTHONY FIALA 


This book might almost 
be called “A Guide to 
the Pole,” it shows so 
clearly what is necessary 
to accomplish the great 
exploring feat. It is the 
vivid record of the sec- 
ond Ziegler Polar Ex- 


pedition. 


158 illustrations. Net price, 


$3.80 (postage 35 cenis). 


DOUBLEDAY, 


COOK | PEARY | with the 


To the Top of 


the Continent 


The thrilling story of 
the conquering of the 
highest mountain peak 
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photographs add to the 
value of this notable 
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achievement in our own 
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Frontis piecein color and 
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Nearest 


the Pole 


The stirring and 
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There are 64 illustra- 
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1200 taken on the trip 
by the author. Net price, 
$4.80 (postage 40 cents). | 


Night Mail 
By RUDYARD KIPLING 


An airship story of 2000 
A.D., describing the trip 
of postal packet “162” 
on one of her regular 
trips from London to 
Quebec through the 
night. It is undoubtedly 
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Illustrations in color by Le yen- 
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price, $1 .00 ( postage 10 cents). 


PAGE & COMPANY, 133 E. 16th St., New York 


DECEMBER, 1909 


Winter Eggs Aplenty! 


WuE practically no experience in raising 

chickens, I decided last spring to try my 
luck with them in a very small way. I purchased 
a 120-egg incubator (which, by the way, I found 
would only hold r1z eggs). After some difficulty 
in getting it together (the thermostat being some- 
what of a mystery to me) I started it on the roth 
of March with 105 eggs, which were just the ordin- 
ary store article — for, to tell the truth, I did not 
expect very great results from my first attempt. 
On the night of the seventh day I tested for infer- 
tile eggs, and removed sixteen which I found were 
clear. For the purpose of testing I used a small 
storage battery-electric lamp which threw a strong, 
bright light, making it very easy to distinguish the 
difference between the fertile and infertile. As I 
had foolishly placed the incubator in a building 


; which was draughty, I found it rather hard to keep 


the thermometer at 103 degrees, and I had varia- 
tions from 89 to 110 degrees. 

But in spite of all these drawbacks, on April 
oth I managed to hatch fifty-four chicks from the 
eighty-nine eggs. These I placed in an outdoor 
brooder, and without letting the lamp in the 
incubator go out, started a second hatch with rrr 
eggs, forty of which were White Wyandotte eggs, 
purchased at a cost of $4.75. The others were 
store eggs. On April 30th, according to schedule, 
fifty-seven chicks arrived from eighty-five fertile 
eggs. I fed them on a prepared chick food mixed 
with bread crumbs, which had previously been, 
browned in the oven, and softened the whole with 
sufficient milk to make it moist, but not wet and 
soggy. The only mortality during the summer 
months was eleven drowned in a thunder storm. 
These chickens turned out to be the most mixed 
up lot of hens that you ever saw — whites, blacks, 
mixed colors, and Dominicks — but among them 
were ten handsome White Wyandottes. 

At the approach of real cold days I took the 
remaining thirty-eight pullets and four cockerels 
(the rest having been consumed at the broiler age) 
and placed them in a comfortable house I had 
erected on the southwest side of the barn, and I 
consider my real success now begins. 

A hen in winter is unable to forage to any great 
extent, and is, therefore, deprived of three very 
important articles necessary for egg production 
— meat, found in the form of insects and worms; 
vegetation; and lime, as found in shells or plaster. 
Some think that it is not natural for hens to lay in 
winter, but why shouldn’t an April-hatched pullet 
be in condition to lay in December if one hatched 
in July will lay in early spring ? 

After reading a good deal on the subject of 
feeding, I decided to adopt the following method: 
I feed the grain in a hopper, equal parts of cracked 
corn, crushed oats and wheat. I have a box kept 
filled with beef-scraps and another filled with 
cracked oyster shells and grit. Every day or so I 
throw in an armful of clover hay and the hens 
also get the skimmed milk from the house. Also 
plenty of fresh water. To keep them exercising I 
throw a handful of grain in the litter. 

By supplying the hens with everything they need 


when they need it, I find they never gorge them- - 


selves as they do when fed regularly. I attribute 
my success in getting eggs in winter to a ljberal, 
varied diet, a house free from draughts, but well 
ventilated, and to early hatched chicks. 

On October 2oth the first egg was laid, and dur- 
ing November I gathered sixty-two. In Decem- 
ber the hens started laying more freely, and 213 


i 7, The Readers’ Service will giv 
DECEMBER, 1909 Ay H E G A R D E N M A G A Li i N E Pi CAOn ioUE ucmabaee 247 


E 


ong - Term Subscriptions—and Why 


CO-OPERATIVE idea, between the subscriber and Publisher, has occured to us, and we wish 
to bring it before all the readers of our magazines. I¢ is this: 


Long-Term Subscriptions of Two and Three Years 


The advantage to the publisher of doing away with the extensive correspondence (often three 
or four notices), the sending of back numbers, the removal of a subscriber’s name from the list, 
and cutting new stencils, to restore the name, is obvious. It is good business, we feel to make it 
worth while for our subscribers to make the subscriptions for two or three years, and having tried 
it on a small scale, we propose to extend the plan. We have spoken of the advantages to US. 


These are the Advantages to YOU: 
First—Y ou, too, reduce to one-half or one-third the bother of writing a letter and sending remittance. 
Second—A Saving of money as follows : 
The World’s A two-year subscription for $5.00, instead The Garden A two-year subscription for $2.00, instead of 
Work of $3.00 a year; or a three-year subscription Magazine $3.00. The subscription price will be 
for $6.00. raised to $1.50 per year on February Ist, 
1910. The offer of The Garden Magazine is particularly favor- 
Country Life A two-year subscription for $6.00, instead able because for these same thirty-six magazines, including as the 
in America of $4.00 a year; or a three-year subscription offer does six double numbers, the cost would be $6.00 
for $8.00. against $2.00. 
Third—When you take a three-year subscription, you can give one of these years as a present to a 


friend. A two-year subscription, it is expected, will be sent to one person. 
Replying to the question: Can I change the subscription’s address as often as I wish, or transfer it to someone else? Wesay YES. 


The Advantages of Acting NOW 


If this plan pleases you, act as soon as you can—at any rate, before December 10th. After that, we are often called upon to handle many thousands of 
subscriptions a day, which means night work, many new, inexperienced people, and sometimes, we regret to say, mistakes. 


Doubleday, Page & Company, Publishers, 133 East 16th St.. New York 


P.S.—If you live in, or are in New York, we shall be glad to have you call at our Library Salesroom, where all our book and magazine publications are on exhibition, and subscriptions are taken. 


Volume XVI of 


Country Life in America 


May, 1909, to October, 1909 __- 


Containing more than 400 


photographic illustrations Warmth On a Cold Landscape 
Cloth, decorated, sve Net, $3.50 Evergreens add a warmth to the home grounds in winter that helps 


mightily toward making things cheerful. It’s a literal warmth, too, for nothing 

(Postage 40c) makes a more effective windbreak than a grove or hedge of evergreens on the 
exposed side of the house. 

Such a planting really saves fuel bills, and this protection of the build- 


Back V olumes each net $5 00 ings means that fewer coats of paint are necessary. Hence, every home 
’ ’ ’ . 


planting should include at least a few evergreens. 


Rosedale Evergreens are Oft Transplanted 


Let Us Help Select For Your Needs 


We will help you choose the kinds best suited to your locality and planting plan. If 
you plant in a limited way, we will gladly submit some helpful ideas. 

While Evergreens are our specialty, our Nursery is stocked with a complete line of 
Deciduous Trees, Shrubs and Vines, Roses and Bulbs, and choice Fruit Trees. 
DOU BLE DAY PAGE & COMPANY Our Catalogue, handsomely illustrated, contains useful suggestions for the planting 
) and care of Trees and Plants. If you are interested in Home Ornamentation, you should 
get this Book—it’s free. Liberal discounts on orders of $50 or more. 


133 East 16th Street, New York S. G. Harris, Rosedale Nurseries, 
Box 63, Tarrytown, New York. 


Special terms for binding subscribers’ copies 


and for bound volumes with new subscriptions 


Readers’ Service will gi at 
248 Se SSS a artncl red THE GARDEN MAGAZINE D=EcEMBER, 1909 


eggs were laid. On January first, having pre- 
viously put numbered bands on the hens, I placed 
five trap nests in the house and kept an accurate 
record of what each hen was doing. I also fed 
them more liberally, and was rewarded with 584 
eggs, the highest number any one day being twenty- 
seven and the lowest ten, an average for thirty- 
one days of almost nineteen eggs per day. And 
this record was maintained all during the winter 
months. A poor breed of hens, well fed, with fresh 
air and exercise, will, therefore, more than pay for 
their keep in winter, when eggs are selling at forty- 
two cents a dozen. 

Owing to the trap nests I found that the Wyan- 
dottes were the poorest layers, giving only forty- 
five eggs during January. They are either late 
layers, or else I had a poor strain. ‘The two best 
pullets gave twenty-seven eggs each, and I had 
four drones that refused to lay an egg. 

Pennsylvania. F. R. ROBERTS. 


THE DIFFERENCE IN 
GREENHOUSES 


You most certainly want a greenhouse that will produce the greatest number 
of blooms, grow the best vegetables and fruit with the least trouble and expense. 

You want’a house that is not an everlasting bill of repairs or a continual 
annoyance in glass broken. You, of course, insist upon its being attractive out- 
side, and a cheery, nicely equipped house inside. All these things are a necessity 
to you, both from the practical side and the enjoyment point of view. 

If this be the case the U-Bar is just the greenhouse for you. If you don’t 
want us to come just yet and talk over with you why it is the best house for you, 
then send for our catalogue with its 72 pages of illustrations and interesting, 
instructive text. Then after that send for us. But get the catalog. 


U-BAR GREENHOUSES “ty Dee 


pas ECEMBER is the time to prune all trees and 
PIERSON U-BAR CO. D shrubs, and for making cuttings. 
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 1 MADISON AVE.,NEW YORK. 


Many fruits and flowers, shrubs and vines can 
be easily propagated by planting cuttings in sand 
now. ‘Try doing this with the Scuppernong grape, 
although a better and surer way of getting results 
is to pull down two or more feet of the vine and 
cover it with several inches of the soil. Allow at 
least fifteen inches of the end of the vine to extend 
out of the soil. Next November or December 
this portion will be rooted and can be detached 
from the old vine. The Scuppernong is one of the 
most valuable grapes for the South. It is almost 
free from the attacks of insects and birds; 
is remarkably resistant to diseases, and is well 
suited to both the soil and climate of the South. 

The rose and chrysanthemum beds should be 
mulched with strawy stable manure to prevent 
possible injury from sudden changes in the weather. 

Sow seed now ina hotbed, instead of in the early 
spring, of such hardy perennials as chrysanthemum, 
hollyhock, phlox, etc. The plants will be older, 
stronger, and better prepared to stand the hot, 
dry weather of next summer. 

Spray fruit trees, for you will have more time now, 
before the holidays, than you will have afterward. 

Sow garden peas about the middle of the month, 
and if the weather is favorable, you will be enjoy- 
ing this vegetable very early in the spring; if a 
freeze kills them, the trouble and expense of plant- 
ing again is of little moment. | 

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED. 


Another Good Porch Vine 
N THE “Answers to Queries” department of 
the April, 1909, number of THE GARDEN 
ss MAGAZINE, two lists of porch vines were given. 
P] t H k h b I think there should be added to the plants there 
an 1 C S ru S OW mentioned mountain fleece (Polygonum multi- 


florum). It grows thicker and more rapidly than 


It’s the right time to do it. With few exceptions, fall planting them you get an immediate effect. By planting trees and shrubs 5 r S Cg 

is decidedly more successful than spring. The early flowering this way, one helps the other—your trees will grow twice as fast as Clematis paniculata, puts out its leaves earlier in the 

kinds bloom better the first year if you plant them in the fall. on the bare, closely cropped lawn. season, has more attractive foliage and is equally 

Our shrubs are as good asican be baud i If you can possibly, come right to our Nursery and select your as beautiful as clematis when in flower. P. Bald- 
If you want a group to border your lawn like this one shown, own shrubs and trees. If this is impossible, it is an easy matter o < 2 Oi “ 

we can assure you of a like result. If you haven’t the trees, we to make your selections direct from our catalog —it is arranged schuanicum 18 v good vane, but His about five times 

can furnish them, too— any size from"Io to 15 feet broad. With especially for that purpose. Send for it. more expensive than multiflorum, is of slower 


x growth, though more rapid than Clematis paniculata, 
and is not so attractive in flower or foliage. My 
; I Ss aac H 1 Cc k S Q S Oo rn most luxuriant vine is Lonicera Japonica, which has 
the advantage of being evergreen in this locality 
Westbury, Long Island. (ten miles south of Chattanooga, Tenn.). 
Georgia. J. A. DEGEN. 


ne 


SS ee 


Decemper, 1909 MAE TGARDMN MAGAZINE 7° Chi tie Reeder service 249 


Make a 


HOT-BED 
Right Now 


It will be a pleasure 
for years to come. 


Japan Fairy 
or Air Plant 


CREATIONS 


IN PLUMS AND WALNUTS 


Santa Rosa Plum Rutland Plumcot 
Gaviota Plum Formosa Plum 
Vesuvius Foliage Plum 


Let us supply 
you with the 


Mow FRAMES 
ti A SASH 
UM MATS 


Royal and Paradox rapid-growing Timber Walnuts 


Send 25 cents for beautifully illustrated booklet 
in colors. We are sole propagators and 
disseminators. 


“TREES” 


Largest and Finest Assortment on the Coast 


CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURE. Profusely illustrated, 
describing 2000 different varieties of trees and plants. Valu- 
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of orchards. Mailed for 25 cents. 


WRITE US TODAY FOR QUOTATIONS;ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS 
Established 1884 
Paid-Up Capital $200,000 


FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, INC. 
GEO. C. ROEDING, Pres. and Mer. 
P. O. Box 39 FRESNO, CALIFORNIA 


Al 


The stock in our frames and sash is the very 
best—clear Gulf Cypress—and our prices are 
most reasonable. 

We furnish working plans with each order and 
will assist you in every way to make your hot-bed 
a complete success. 

We also carry everything necessary for the 
complete erection, furnishing, heating and ventil- 
ating of the greenhouse, grapery, or conservatory. 


S. JACOBS & SONS 


Established 1871 
1355-1379 Flushing Ave. BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


A charming, decorative, curious plant, re- 
quiring no water or soil, but keeping fresh 
and green for an indefinite period. 


Di e e e A Dainty, Delightful Decoration 
iscriminating One plant, in small canoe (see picture), postpaid, 


35 cts. 
Thou sands Two plants, in large canoe, postpaid, 60 cts. 
One plant, without canoe, postpaid, 25 cts. 
are following the work of Six plants, without canoe, $1.25. 
MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD Plants can be placed in any receptacle desired 


with increasing interest and admiration. This Not Too Late to Plant Bulbs for Xmas and 
author depicts the normal life of normal but in- 5 
Easter Gifts 


teresting people with assurance and illumination. 


The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers What is more beautiful a gift to a dear friend than 
has notably increased since the publication of a flowering plant raised by yourself ? 


“The Good Comrade” and “ Desire”’ Four Best Varieties 


: Paper White Narcissus. Glorious 
The previous books are bunches of sweet-scented white flowers, 


Candies 


The Masterpiece of the 
Confectioner’s Art 


The Candy of Character 


ON THE CHARACTER OF CANDY 
DEPENDS ITS FITNESS FOR 


Gift Making 


Sales Agencies and Stores everywhere 


66 ” planted in soil or in bowl of water with 
Curayl pebbles. 12 for 25 cts. 


sf The Wedding of the Lady of Double Roman Narcissus. Large 


” bels of double white flowers with 
Lovell melden heart Exquisitely fragrant. Ex- 


ae Petronilla Heroven Ye tra size bulbs. 6 for 25 cts. 
66 ” Chinese Narcissus. Flower of the 
gods. ant in Dowl with pebbles an 
The Success of Mark Wyngate ods, Plant in bow! with pebbles and 


66 : ”? water (see picture). 3 bulbs for 25 cts. 
Princess Puck Dutch Hyacinths for Easter, in pots 


ty The Lady of Dreams “is oy or glasses. Plant now, keep dark until 


shoot appears, then place in light and sun. 


For Sale at all Bookstores Per Volume, $1.50 if pant deter Extra large bulbs. 


Any color desired. 3 extra large bulbs, 
postpaid, 35 cts. 


5 3 With beautiful colored glass, | bulb, ex- 

Causes aun 9) THE WORLD's WORK THE GARDEN : press paid, 50 cts. 
a H. H. BERGER & CO. 
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Go. NEW YORK. = 70 Warren St., New York 


Fifty-Fifth Year of Fruitland Nurseries 


. . ayes " 
a With us that means progress ; it means just that many years of expansion, of improved facilities INE 
4 


THE ROOFING THAT RESISTS ick for growing first-class Trees, Shrubs, Plants and Vines. It means serving our customers ee Ne : 


%/ better year by year; building up the trade that stays and “ comes back.” | boat 
: Do oa noe what kind of trees will do best on your grounds— that will take most kindly aN 
Sendto J. A. & W. BIRD & CO. a 
29 India Street, Boston, Mass. 


; to your soil and climate? Probably not, but wecan tell you; that’s one of the many fea- 

© tures of our excellent service, based on our long experience in the Nursery business. ,# “KS ; > 

FOR BOOKLET ON REX FLINTKOTE ROOFING & pret eS 
RK Nee 


«» Evergreens, Shade and Fruit Trees oa. : 
Write and let us tell you how far alittle money will go in the planting of your place and sf Rope} Ke res 


Choice Evergreens SPRCIUMEN TREES 


r 
Ornamental Planting 
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS 


Write for large tllustrated catalog. 5 
D. HILL, Evergreen Specialist i he 
3 


DUNDEE, ILLINOIS 


i It aca 
Hardy Shrubs, Roses and Are Our Specialty oe 


Herbaceous Perennials. 


Send for our altractive catalogue 


SHATEMUC NURSERIES 


Barrytown, Dutchess Co. New York 


P, J. BERCKMANS COMPANY, Inc. _ - PRES 5 
Fruitland Nurseries Box 1070 A, Augusta, Georgia Saas 


The Readers’ Service will furnish you with the names 
250 of reliable firms in any department of trade 


Try a Bit of 
Winter 
Gardening 


The new invention for hotbeds 
and coldframes never needs covering. 
Two layers of glass instead of one. 


Some of the things you can grow 

It gives you fresh vegetables and exquisite flow- 
ers ahead of the season when most appreciated. 
You can use your frame all the year round. Can 
force beets, early cabbage, cauliflower, celery, egg- 
plants, lettuce, radishes, peppers, and tomatoes— 
can raise your own violets and pansies and can have 
cosmos a month earlier than ever before. Pays for 
itself in a single season if you wish to sell some 
plants. Sure to pay for your own table. 


The double glass does it 

With it, after your plants are started, you have 
practically nothing to do but air them, and watch 
them grow. No covering or uncovering. The dry 
air between the two layers of glass is the best non- 
conductor there is—much better protection than 
mats or boards. Keeps in the warmth—keeps 
out the cold. 


and Cold-frames 


Vezetable 
plants ready 
for the field 
early. 


Plants need light 


The more of it, the better. The Sunlight Sash 
lets in all the light all the time. By doing away 
with mats, shutters and boards, the 
Sunlight Sash has cut out prac- 
tically all the work. You can 
handle hotbeds in half the time. 


Write for this catalog 


It tells about the making of cold- 
frames and hotbeds; where to put 
your beds; how others got earlier, 
stronger plants, etc. 

Many thousands of Sunlight Sash 
are in use on private estates, in city and suburban lots 
large and small, from Middle Canada to Southern 
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Write for our plans for a five sash frame. Full 
definite information with cost will be gladly given. 

Get our freight prepaid proposition. Order early to 
insure prompt shipment. Fast freight, safe delivery 
guaranteed. 


SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH Co. 


If You Want to Know 


THE BEST FARM PAPER 


Send 10 cents for 10 Weeks 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER, 419 Pearl St., New York 


Hammered Copper 


From solid metal—no wooden parts 


All hand wrought by graduate 
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Gas or Electrolier 


Art glass dome and complete equipment ready 
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our craft rooms. Photographs and full partic- 
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Syracuse Wire Works 
© 103 University Avenue, Syracuse, N. Y. 


HIGH GRADE BULBS 


AT BARGAIN RATES =e" £02, Fer 100 


TULIPS. Single Early Boston 
Thirty Best Named Varieties...... $ .35 $2.00 
In Separate Colors................ .30 1.50 
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In Separate Colors................ 35 2.50 
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Twelve Best Named Varieties ..... -35 2.00 
In Separate \Colorstee ones. «oes cle 30 1.50 


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Catalogue on Application 
ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pittspure, Pa. 


Competent Gardeners 


The comforts and products of a country home are in- 
creased by employing a competent gardener; if you want to 
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding 
place and say whether married or single man is wanted. We 
have been supplying them for years to the best people every- 
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men and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 


Grow Mushrooms 
For Big and Quick Profits 
@r For Your Own Use. 
Ten years’ experience enables me to give prac- 
” tical instructions worth many dollars to you 
without interfering with regular occupation, no 
matter where located. Send for Free Book and 
particulars how to start, etc. 


JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM, 5381 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Ill. 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 


COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 
beautiful, practical, entertaining. $4.00 
a year. 


THE WORLD’S WORK 
interpreting to-day’s history. $3.00 a year. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING 
telling how to make things grow. $1.00a 
year. 


DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DECEMBER, 1909 


SAVING LEAVES OVER WINTER 


I want to save my leaves for use next spring. 
What will cause them to decay this winter? 

Oregon. ieee 
—Hardwood leaves cannot be decayed the first 
season, for they contain too much tannic acid and 
are not worth considering in the making of leaf 
soil. Softwood leaves will decay the first season, 
if ordinary composting methods are used. Read 
the article on page 190 of the November, 1909, 
GARDEN MAGAZINE. 


BRIGHT BERRIES FOR WINTER 


What can I grow for a good winter effect? 

_ Rhode Island. J.L.A. 
—Trees with brightly colored berries that will make 
a charming effect in the garden all winter are: 
American holly, Rosa multiflora, black alder (Ilex 
verticillata), Ilex monticolor, high bush cranberry 
(Viburnum Opulus), Rosa lutescens, Rosa macro- 
phylla, Berberis vulgaris, bittersweet and mountain 
ash. 


GROWING APRICOTS 


Will apricots grow in this locality? 

Connecticut. C. H. R. 
—lIt is very doubtful if apricots can be grown in 
Connecticut inthe openair. Thetree would hardly 
be hardy there. In appearance it is similar to a 
peach, the fruit is small and yellow in color, with 
a woolly texture and splits easily. It is grown in 
England, where it is trained to walls, but has to be 
well protected. 


FERTILIZING WITH ASHES 


Have fine siftings from hard coal ashes any value 
as a fertilizer? 

Connecticut. W. M. H. 
—Coal ashes are not a fertilizer in the sense that 
they enrich the soil; only traces of potash and phos- 
phorie acid are present in a soluble form. Ashes 
are very useful, however, for improving the physi- 
cal condition of some soils, especially of heavy clay 
soils. Applications of coal ashes and leaf mold 
have converted a heavy, infertile garden soil into 
a light and exceedingly fertile one. The ashes 
should be sifted, and the clinkers used as a foun- 


dation for walks and drives. Coal ashes may 


also be used in cellars as an absorbent of moisture. 
The separation of the fine ashes from the clinkers 
may be dusty work, but it usually more than pays 
for the time and labor expended. 


WINTERING THE ASPARAGUS BED 


How should an asparagus bed be fixed for the 
winter P 

Colorado. H. B. D. 
—Many growers give the bed a heavy covering of 
stable manure in the fall, while others allow the 
tops to stand through the winter and put the man- 
ure or fertilizer on the bed in the spring. Hither 
method will give good results, but the bed that has 
been covered with manure in the fall will start into 
growth a little earlier in the spring than the one 
exposed to heavy freezing. In the spring clear 
the bed of tops, weeds, etc., and make the soil fine 
and mellow with the spading fork or harrow. It 
is a common practice to ridge the soil over the crowns 
of the plants to facilitate the cutting of the shoots 
as they appear above the ground without injuring 
the crowns, but this is not necessary as the part 
of the shoot below the surface is hard and woody 
and nothing is gained by cutting low. 


‘ r ~ The Readers’ Service will give yo ~ 
Al H E G A R D E N M. A G A Z I N E information about motor Heeie | 251 


DECEMBER, 1909 


Information about 


Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory tenn 


care of dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 133 East 16th Street, New York. 


DON’T BUILD 


that new hen house or fix up the old one until you get our large new 100 pp. catalog (over 100 illustrations) telling all about Potter Poultry House 
Fixtures, Perfection Feed Hoppers, Simplex Trap Nests, feeds and supplies of all kinds. Potter Fixtures have been on the market over 8 years, and 
are used by thousands of poultry keepers. They are complete, convenient and sanitary; made in 3 styles and 12 sizes to fitany hen house. We now 
make the complete line of PORTABLE 
(K. D.) HOUSES, BROOD COOPS, 
PIGEON LOFTS, etc., formerly made 
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different styles and sizes, and if you 
want a complete, up-to-date and cheap 
house or coop ofany kind you should not 
fail to send for large illustrated catalog 
telling all about these goods. 


? or sell the layin 
DON T KILL hens: use the POL 
TER SYSTEM and pick out the layers 
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Potter Poultry Products are for Particular Poultry People, and if you are particular 
and want to make more money on your flock you will write today, sending 2 red 
stamps to cover postage on our large catalogs and circulars. 


Box A, 


Downers Grove, Illinois 


THE BEAUTY OF 
WOOLEN & FLANNEL 
lies in their Softness and Fluf- 
finess, and nothing Washable 
demands such Careful hand- 
ling in the Wash. Avoid the 
rubbing of Soap and Wash- 
board that Mats the Fibres 
and makes them Hard and 


Large Berkshire Swine 
Both imported and American breed- 
ing along the most approved lines. [& 
Bred sows, service boars and young f 
stock of all ages. We have never 9m 
bred a cross animal nor had a sow 
molest her pigs. All animals regis. 
tered free of charge. Your money 
back if you want it, 

Write for booklet 


H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING 
DUNDEE, N. Y. 


Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened Swollen 
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Shrunken before their time. 
Those who care most for 
Clean — Soft —Unshrunken 


Woolens and Flannels are 


Particular to Use PEAR- 


| LINE according to the fol-. 


lowing 


- DIRECTIONS 


"WASH WOOLENS AND 
FLANNELS BY HAND IN 
LUKEWARM PEARLINE 
SUDS, RINSE  THOR- 
OUGHLY IN WARM WA- 
TER, WRING DRY, PULL 
AND SHAKE WELL, DRY 
IN WARM —_TEMPERA- 
TURE, AND THEY WILL 
KEEP SOFT WITHOUT 
SHRINKING“ 


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ENABLES DELICATE 


WOMEN TO. EASILY 
WASH COARSE 


THINGS and STRONG 


WOMEN TO SAFELY 


WASH DELICATE 


THINGS. _ 


BOOTH TARKINGTON'’S 


POULTRY FENCE 


STOCK STRONG .-- RUST PROOF 
Bottom wires 1 inch apart. Will not sag 
or bag. Requires no boards—top or 
bottom — and fewer posts. Costs less 
than netting. We pay freight. Send 
for catalog. 


The Brown Fence & Wire Co. 
Dept. 95 Cleveland, Ohio 


There’s Money in P oultry 


Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry 
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the 
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to 
make poultry pay. 

Personal instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. 


Prof. Graham 


W. F. YOUNG. P. D. F., 152 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 


Sas 35 BOOK FREE 


kissing.— 


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THE BEST APPLES AND GRAPES 


From what sections of Eastern United States do 
the finest apples and grapes come? 

New York. 185 Is So 
—The finest apples raised in the eastern part of the 
United States come from Western New York; 
the best table grapes from what is known as the 
Chautauqua District, comprising the north-central 
and northwestern portions of the State of New 
York. 


PRUNING CARNATIONS 


Should three-year-old carnation plants be pruned 
back to the woody stem, so as to have all new 
branches next spring ? 

New York A. W. T. 
—Do not prune the carnations until spring, and 
then only cut low enough to insure a good, strong 
break. Use leaves and litter for covering during 
the winter, as they are excellent for excluding 
moisture. A covering of tar paper would also be 
beneficial, but under no circumstances prune until 
spring. W. McC. 


TRANSPLANTING A GRAPEVINE 


In early December would it be safe to move a 
grapevine having a thickness of one and one-half 
inches at the base? 

New Jersey. Wo IRs “I. 
—Grapevines can be moved in either spring or 
fall, or at the beginning of winter. Of course, it 
will be necessary to take all the roots, and there 
is where a very serious difficulty is involved. Very 
few plants that have climbing characteristics 
move easily when old because of the tremendous 
spread of the roots. Cut back very severely after 
moving, and completely sacrifice one season’s 
growth. It might be easier to start a new vine. 


WHEN TO TRANSPLANT 


Can I safely move hollyhocks, foxgloves, colum- 
bines, forsythia and lilac at this time of the year? 

Pennsylvania. Vo ius 1st 
—Hollyhocks, foxgloves, and columbines can _be 
transplanted in the fall up to the time of the first 
frost. There will be more likelihood of loss if the 
plants are moved to a clay soil, as the clay has a 
tendency to pack tightly around the roots. The 
best time to transplant forsythia and lilac depends 
upon local conditions — soil, weather, and the 
plant itself. If everything is favorable, you can 
moye them as late as the first of December, but 
forsythia is better moved in the spring, even if it is 
in bloom. 


THE YELLOWING OF FOLIAGE 


‘Is there any remedy to prevent the foliage of a 
trailing fern from turning yellow? 

New York. 1. Ce 
—The trailing fern is probably suffering from sour 
soil, which may have been induced by undue and 
excessive feeding of fertilizers or manures, or it 
may be due to the clogging of the soil with water. 
House plants often suffer in this way at this time of 
the year, because winter is their resting time and 
vegetative activity is then at its lowest ebb. If 
plants are stimulated to growth by heat, water, 
or feeding, the result is a disorganization of the nor- 
mal processes of metabolism, frequently manifested 
in the production of alcoholic ferments in the root 
cells. 


GROWING DAFFODILS COMMER- 
CIALLY 


Would the commercial production of daffodils 
be a paying proposition in Ohio? 

Ohio. M. H.S. 
—The market growing of daffodils is a somewhat 
dubious experiment, and heretofore it has not 
been shown that daffodil bulbs can be grown 
commercially in the State of Ohio. ‘The best prices 
are realized about Easter time, and it is all for 
stock forced under glass. The -only outdoor 
flowers that come into competition are those com- 
ing from Virginia. The outdoor crop from far- 
ther north would possibly be worth about one 
dollar a hundred blooms. Read “Daffodils- 
Narcissus, and How to Grow Them,” by A. M. 
Kirby. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DECEMBER, 1909 


SIMPLE, 


Manufacturers of 
common cream sep- 
arators put 40 to 60 
disks, or even worse 
contrivances, into an 
old-style bowl and 
call it simple and 
modern. The 52 
disks shown on the 
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from one such bowl. 
These contraptions 
must all be washed 


The only piece inside c F 
twice daily. 


Sharples Dairy 
Tubular bowls. 


But Sharples Dairy Tubular bowls have nothing 
inside except the tiny, instantly removable piece shown 
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Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., 
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Address: American Spawn Co., Dept.2, St. Paul, Minn. 


The Garden Lover's Gift 


THE GARDEN CALENDAR for 1910 by Ellen P. Wil- 
liams is the gift for every garden lover. Here alone can 
you get the information you 
wish about your roses, your 
shrubs, your annuals, your 
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GARDEN CALENDAR. 
You get WHAT you want, 
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There isn’t any searching ff 
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| Garden Colendar even and make everything 
1910 do its best. It’s here in 
ee The Garden Calendar on 
the very day when you 
need the advice. Order 
a copy today. To be had 
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Price, postage paid, $1.00. 


Ask for a circular of all our calendars. 


THE FRANKLIN PRINTING COMPANY 


530 LUDLOW ST., PHILADELPHIA 


Full size 74% x 14 inches 
Illustrations by Emlen McConnell 


DrecEMBER, 1909 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Fox Snake 


(Coluber vulpinus) 
“Like all the Colubers, the 
Fox Snake deposits a con- 
siderable number of eggs, 
generally in the hollow of 
a stump, and leaves them 
without further ado, to 
hatch within six or eight 
weeks’ time. The eggs 
gradually increase in size 
by absorbing the moisture 
of the wood pulp in which 
they are deposited. Just 
prior to hatching, an egg is 
a third ora half larger than 
when laid. In proportion 
to the size of the female, 
the young are large when 
hatched, being about ten 
inches in length. 


“The Chicken Snake de- 

posits about two dozen 

eggs and the Rainbow 

Snake from two to four 

dozen. Probably the Gar- 

ter Snake is the most pro- 

see lific of those that produce 

Ss Je staan re [oe eee §6living young, asa single 
RF RO “Re eager ter ee brood may contain fifty 


pnuees : EARP IOS aeons Mea eaar es [cn ewes) §=members.’ 


Quoted from one of nearly 4000 nature biographies contained in 


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he reasons why you should own this great work are given by John Burroughs in his general introduction. Mr. Burroughs says, “‘ While accurate 
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Do you intend to build a pouliry houes? 
Write to the Readers’ Service 


254 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


DECEMBER, 1909 


SUBURBAN 


GARDENERS 


Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for the 
easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden. Think 
of one pair of easy-going handles performing every operation from the 
opening of, the soil to the gathering of Nature’s reward and you have a 
slight idea of Iron Age methods. 
Whether you planta hill, a row oran acre, whether you do it your- 
self or employ others, you must know about these Iron Age labor 
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BATEMAN MEG CO., BOX C, GRENLOCH, N. J. 


An elaborately illustrated book on the home garden 


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By WALTER P. WRIGHT 


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reminded that this is the season for pruning grapes, and that for planting half-hardy bulbs, etc. 
The illustrations, of which there are about two hundred in color and in black and white, 
are very elaborate and beautiful. 


Net, $2.00 (Postage 20 cents) 
Doubleday, Page & Co., 133 East 16th Street, New York City 


A CHRISTMAS GIFT 


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200 EGGS 
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HOW TO GET THEM 


The seventh edition of the book ‘‘200 Eggs a Year per Hen,” 
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the methods outlined in your book I obtained 1,496 eggs from 
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DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th St., New York City 


A SUCCESSION CROP FOR A CLAY 


LOAM 
What would be a good crop to follow peas in a 
clay loam? 
New York. R. C. 


—Plant millet —any of the common varieties, 
preferably Japan millet —or, because of greater 
growth, put in buckwheat, which has proven a 
valuable crop for soiling purposes. Barley might 
also be planted for late feed. Green barley seems 
to better withstand late frosts than almost any grain 
crop. L. C€. 


GROWING STRAWBERRIES 


Is it injurious to give very shallow cultivation 
with hand cultivator between the rows of straw- 
berries to keep down the weeds during blossoming 
and fruiting time; or is it better to depend entirely 
upon the use of mulch to keep the weeds down? 

Pennsylvania. H. D. M. 

While the shallow cultivation of strawberries 
up to fruiting time cannot do any harm, many 
expert growers, particularly in northern districts, 
depend fully upon a heavy mulch, believing it keeps 
down the weeds, keeps the berries clean, holds the 
moisture in dry weather, and serves the same pur- 
pose as manure does when plowed under. Well- 
rotted horse manure is the best mulch; swamp hay, 
straw, and cut corn fodder are also good. A heavy 
mulch (4 inches is not any too deep) left on in- 
sures Jate berries. In a garden of one acre devoted 
wholly to strawberries, cultivate the plants two 
ways until runners are set, then continue one way 
until late fall, and mulch, renewing in spring. 
The winter mulch should be loosened up in spring 
but not raked off. 


HOW TO GROW CATALPA 


Seeds of catalpa have been given me. How 
can I best handle them ? 
New York. S. M.S. 


—Seeds of catalpa are best started in the spring. 
Seeds of the current seasons crop may be sown as 
soon as gathered. If sown very late in spring, be 
prepared to give protection next winter. This con- 
sists, with some growers, of digging up the young seed- 
lings in the fall, tying them in bunches of about 
a hundred, and heeling them in some cellar which 
is free from frost during the winter. They are 
planted out during the following spring about 
four feet apart. There are two species of catalpa 
commonly grown; C. bignonioides is of absolutely 
no use except as a Shade tree. Be sure you have 
the other, speciosa. It makes excellent fence 
posts, railroad ties, as well as fire-wood. The 
Bureau of Forestry gives as its advisable planting 
range the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, 
Missouri, and the eastern sections of Kansas, 
Nebraska and Oklahama. Read “A Timber 
Crop That Really Pays” in the August, 1907, 
number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. 
P.T. B. 


GRAFTING APPLES 


I want to plant 200 Baxter seedlings and when 
two years old to top graft Wealthy and Northern 
Spy grafts to them. How can this be done and how 
many grafts can I put on each two year old stock P 

New Jersey. H. L. C. 
—Plant one-year-old Northern Spy trees that are 
already budded upon seedlings, and then top-graft 
or bud into those trees. This double working with 
the Northern Spy has a twofold effect. It is quite 
well established that the influence of the Spy stock 
not only gives vigor and vitality to the varieties that 
are budded upon it, but it is asserted by one of the 
oldest nurserymen in the United States that he has 
found it to dominate to a very marked degree 
the root development of the seedlings. I prefer bud- 
ding to grafting, particularly on these young stocks of 
one and two years of age. In budding one-year-old 
trees, insert three buds in the body of the tree about 
four inches apart, the lower bud being not more 
than two and a half feet from the ground. 
In budding two-year-old trees if the branches are 
formed so as to make a good head, insert four buds. 
If the branches do not come right to make a well 
balanced head, set the buds in the body of the two- 
year-old tree. The budding may be done during 
August and early September, or at such time as the 
bark will open or cleave readily from the wood. 

G. T. P. 


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THEIR VACATION STORY—AS TOLD BY HER KODAK 


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Christmas tree, the happy gatherings of family and friends; all the 
year round the story of the children and the home—1in all of these 
lies the 


Witchery of Kodakery 


that Christmas list EASTMAN KODAK CO., 


Catalogues at the dealers 
or by mail ROCHESTER, N. Y., The Kodak City. 


Put KODAK on 


THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


_ THE WORLD’S 
_WORK_ 


- 
a, 
ane 
po On 
—— 
af 
eR, 
or 


Fase oe Ra 


EMENT LIBRA 


Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm = 
Concrete Houses and Cottages. Vol. I. Large Houses = = $1.00 


| 
ey 
© 
© 


Vol. II. SmalJ]. Houses = = 1.00 
Concrete in Highway Construction = = = = = = = = 1.00 
Reinforced Concrete in Factory Construction (delivery. chaz) -10 
Concrete in Railroad Construction =.= = = = 1.00 
Concrete Cottages = = = = = & SS Ss 5s Ss 6 JR 
-Concrete Country Residences (oul of On == = = = = $2.00 
Concrete Garages = = = = = = =— =e ree 


Home of Your Own 


If you have or ever expect to have a home of 
your own, a suburban house, a country place, a 
cottage or a bungalow, you should write today 
for those volumes of the Atlas Concrete Library 
which will especially help you. 


These are practical books about home-building. They give pictures of successful houses 
built of solid concrete, reinforced concrete, concrete blocks with stucco, frame houses with 
stucco, and in fact every kind of house in every style of architecture that can be successfully 
made with a combination of sand, gravel and Atlas Portland Cement. 


“Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm”’ not only suggests the 
large number of uses to which Atlas Portland Cement can be put, but it gives working 
diagrams and dimensions, so that you yourself can make a great many of the simpler of 
these things. 

The reasons why you should send for and read these books are that concrete is the 
building material of the present and the future, that it is cheaper in the long run than any 
other construction, that you can do a great deal of it yourself, reducing cost of labor; that it 
makes the home grounds more beautiful, as well as supplying all the necessary utilities, and 
that it is fireproof, sanitary and clean. 


WRITE TODAY FOR THE BOOKS IN WHICH YOU ARE MOST INTERESTED 


tHE ATLAS portLanp CEMENT company, *. 30 BROAD ST., NEW YORK 
Largest output of any Cement Company in the World — Over 50,000 Barrels per day 


he Readers? Service will giv 
January, 1910 (aN GHA WIR NMA GAZ IN|)  setermarion ates motor boats, 259 


es | 
| 


~—6«dL A Gittl Bonk 
| Abmiut Roses 


for 1910 (better than ever) willbe ready Feb’y Ist. 


- | Do You Care? 


THE MAN ‘‘WHO KNOWS ”’ DOES 


helpful Rose catalog published. And it’s original 
—it’s the enthusiastic, truthful story of one who 
has his heart in his business as well as his 
purse. 

Sent to patrons and intending purchasers with- 


I. He knows it is the most beautiful, inspiring, and 
| 
| 
| 


out charge—to anyone, without obligation to pur- 
chase, for ten cents in coin or stamps. 


GEORGE H. PETERSON 


Rose and Peony Specialist 
BOX 50 FAIR LAWN, N. J. 


Wane XVI = ' e Music made Joud or soft by 


|Z Opening or closing the small doors. 

Quartered oak, $200 me The Victrola contains albums for 
Mahogany,$200. Circassian walnut, $250 - . 150° records and drawer for acces- 
Other styles of the Victor from $10 up. - sores. 


WANAMAKER’S || Wonderful isn’t it, when you think of it, that you can sit 
. -| comfortabl n home and hear th 

Sporting Goods Department | | y in your ow e world’s greatest 

is in charge of Mr. A. H. Findlay, better known as “Alex. artists sing the same grand-opera selections they are singing 

Findlay, The Daddy of American Golf."" Through the medium be 5 0 5 

of the Wanamaker Mail Order Service, Mr. Findlay will be | | | to large audiences in opera houses thousands of miles away. 

questions involving the lines of sport to which he has devoted 3 The same ZuFIAIS, sung by the selfsame artists, and just 


his life. His advice and experience are at your service. On 
Tennis and Golf his decisions, as you know, are accepted as 


the last word. If you know just what you want in the way of a as clear and Sweet and natural as though you were AM the 
Pree tosion cc cir neta 
Our January White Sale Catalog now ready—it’s FREE. Ask for it. S, opera yourself. 


ieee AKER | New York Only the Victor does that. Only the Victor—for the 


9 Selected Seeds andBulbs are world’s greatest artists, including Caruso, Calve, Eames, 
the best. Write for Little 


Green Book. Ready Jan. 1. Farrar, Gadski, Homer, Melba, Plancon, Schumann-Heink, 
Henry Saxton Adams, Garden Expert, Wellesley, Mass. | 


—~| |] Scotti, Sembrich and Tetrazzini, izake records only for the 
FLORICULTURE 


Victor. 
Coniplete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- 


Airciniey Drom Cinie sad Exon! Barchelo, of Comsat And Victor Records today are better than ever before—the recent prog- 
U . 2 c 
[gona Bncliareee Greentioucen Gonseuction! and ress in the art of Victor recording has been so wonderful that we made over 
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and G 0 o , 
asec vols ibys une Cres practically every record in our list. Hear Caruso’s new 
er sona ASEVUCTION. pert Wice. . 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. “Forza del Destino’’ solo (88207), and “Mamma 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ne é 1 : 2 
mia’’, the beautiful Neapolitan gondolier song 
(88206). Thenyou’llrealize the great things 
accomplished by our new process and 
| materials. 


Dept. G. F. Springfield, Mass. 
And be sure to hear the Victrola. 


~ Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N.J., U.S.A. 


Largest importers and growers of : 
ORCHIDS in the United States Victrola XII Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors 
Figured mahogany, $1 


LAGER & HURRELL 
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. 


Prof. Craig 


GREGORY’S 


Meee rm ttc | | Ee GARDENERS AND TRUCKERS 
Ce Thayne 
Be. VA, We invite you to send at once for our 1910 Catalogue, and Special Price List for 
UM Market Gardeners. It’s FREE. Yours for the asking. Write a postal today. 
Listed are all the latest novelties, also the favorites and standards. 


SEEDS—-NONE BETTER THAN NOLLS - 


3g Wh neg 3 . 5 5 . > 
eatalogue for 1910. With the above eoilection we will enclose a EDAD bas We aim to carry only the very highest grades in every line. Our many years 
Z CHUA OUeU AG) ASCs scree (NW Ze% experience enables us to select only the best. Don’t hesitate to send us your 


ages or ounces to the eee 1.25. ee VA Ae orders. We cater to critical Market Gardeners and Truckers. Address, 
chance Mame jg ~*~ J. F. NOLL & CO,, 103 Mulberry Street, NEWARK, N. J. 


The above ten packages by mail mostpala for 10 Coxe in coin, 
together with our handsome calendar and our profusely illustrated 


Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory 


dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. 
THE GARDEN MaGaziIneE, 133 East 16th Street, New 


When your poultry pens are equipped with 


COATES’ AUTOMATIC POULTRY 
FEEDER AND EXERCISER 


Saves feed, time, worry and money. One fillin 
lasts a month according to number of fowls fed. 
Keeps fowls healthy and prolific—egg crop doub- 
led. Made of metal, lasts a lifetime. Folds into 
small package—light and easy toship. Absolutely 
rat and bird proof. Every poultryman needs one 
or more. Order today. 
No. 1, 12 quart 
No. 2,20 ‘ 

Satisfaction guaranteed. 

Protected by U. S. Letters Patent. 

Infringers proseeuted. Booklet FREE. 


G. P. COATES CO., 


SOONER or later, you will own a Cyphers Incubator. Why not start 
right? Cyphers means big hatches of healthiest chicks—no moisture, 
heat or ventilation troubles. Used by more Government Experiment Stations, 
Agricultural Colleges, Fanciers and Practical - 
Poultry-raisers than all other makes combined. 
Cyphers patented features found in no other. 


The World’s 
Standard Hatcher 


is guaranteed to you. You have 90 days to 
prove its superiority. Send for 160-page Free 
Catalog. 


Fire-Proofed 
Insurable 


Address nearest city. 
CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY, Department 61 
Buffalo, N. Y.; New York City, N. Y.; Chicago, Ill. 
Boston, Mass. ; Kansas City, Mo.; Oakland, Cal; 


in the next 


More Eggs thirty cays 


Feed your hens green bone, cut with a 

Stearns Bone Cutter. We will lend you one 

to try, free, for the next 30 days. If your 

hens don’t lay lots more eggs, don’t pay for 
_ it. Write to-day for catalog and booklet, 
— How to make poultry pay.” 


E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y. 


There’s Money in P oultry 


Our Wome Study Course in Practical Poultry 
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the 
Connecticut Agriculturai College, teaches how to 
make poultry pay. 


Personal instruction. Expert Advice. 
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day. 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. 


THE FARM LIBRARY 


containing: ‘‘Soils,’’**Farm Animals,”’ ‘‘Fari1 Management,” *‘Cotton.’’ Each 
illustrated froin photographs. Books sold separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. - NEW YORK 


Hernando Co., Fla. 


Eighty acres richest hammock land for 
sale. $5,000.00. Substantial fence, 55 
acres cleared, under cultivation. 

Finest strawberries, cauliflower, celery, 
lettuce raised. Numerous fruit and nut 
Two dwellings, 2 wells. Two 

miles from prosperous town. ‘Thickly 
settled neighborhood. $2,000.00 cash, 
remainder on time. 

Business man living in Northern’ city 
obliged to sell. ; 


EDW. S. MUNFORD 


National City Bank WASHINGTON, D. C, 


Prof. Graham 


trees. 


The Readers’ Service will gladly assist in 
selecting decorations for the home 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


JANUARY, 1910 


Information about the 
selection or care of 
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, 


York. 


Double Poultry Profits | 


Active fowls only are money-makers because they are 
egg-layers. Lazy hens do not lay; they are profit-eaters. 
Keep them active when eggs bring highest prices and 
thus double your poultry profits. 

The Coates’ Automatic Feeder is the only feeder in 

the world that can be changed in a minute from 
a hen feeder to a little chick feeder. Changing the 
mesh doesthetrick. Will take care of little chicks 
from a day old up. 


If your dealer can’t supply you, send 
us your order today. Prompt shipment. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. 


Box M, NORWICH, CONN. 


POULTRY FENCE 


ae a 

1a 

is Hi STOCK STRONG ..- RUST PROOF 
Bt «Bottom wires 1 inch apart. Will not sag 
Pee oor bag. Requires no boards—top or 
BSQsS7A cae bottom — and fewer posts. Costs less 
BE @e2 22: than netting. We pay freight. Send 
yr SEE for catalog. 


The Brown Fence & Wire Co. 
Dept. 95 Cleveland, Ohio 


] 
4 


Large Berkshire Swine 


Both Imported and American Breed- | 
ing along the most approved lines. } 
Bred sows, service boars and young 
stock of all ages. We have never PP 
bred a cross animal nor had a sow | 
molest her pigs. All animals regis- 
tered free of charge. Your money ff 
back if you want it. 


Write for booklet. 
H. C. & H. B. HARPENDING 
Dundee, N.Y. ~ 


Greider’s Fine Catalogue 


of pure bred poultry for 1910 is bigger and better 
than ever, 200 pages, handsomely illustrated, 150 om vy 
engravings, photos, 30 fine colored plates, de- Hy 

scribes 65 leading varieties of land and water rs Oss ”, 
fowls. Gives low prices of stock and eggs, also LI es 4 
incubators, poultry supplies, etc. Calendar for each yyy 
month. Tells how to care for poultry, giving full details. “J 
The price of this book is only ro cents. Write for it to-day. 


B. H. Greider, Box 84, Rheems, Pa. 


Will reduce inflamed, strained, swollen Ten- 
dons, Ligaments, Muscles or Bruises, Cure the 
Lameness and stop pain from a Splint, Side 
Bone or Bone Spavin. No blister, no hair gone. 
Horse can be used. A safe, pleasant remedy for 
Bruises, old Sores, Puffs, Enlarged Glands or 
: Veins, Varicosities, etc. Book 2D free. §2.00 a 
Sas aces bottle at dealers or delivered. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 152 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass. 


oo > BOOK FREE 


fii SEIS 


TF 


— 5! 


<] 
Mated pair 
kissing.— i 
Eggs fon $ ie Write for our handsome 1910 FREE BOOK 
ues how to make money breeding squabs. 


SS Reet @ Cloth bound book now $08 pages, 124 
illustrations. IT’S GREAT. We take subscriptions for the new splendid 
National Squab Magazine (monthly). Specimen copy 10 cents. 


PLYMOUTII ROCK SQUAB CO., 151 Howard 8t., Meirose, Mass. 


Make Your Hens Lay 


Send for and read our book on feeding raw bone. Rich in 
protein and all other egg elements. Get twice the eggs, more 
fertile eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, 
bigger profits. 


MANN’S "st 20054 


BONE CUITER 


Makes bone-cuttingsimple, 
easy, rapid. Try it and see. 
Open hopper, automatic 
f-ed. Cuts all bone with 
adhering meat and gristle. 
Never clogs. Don’t buy 
until you try. Book free. 


F. W. MANN CO. ; 
Box 325 Milford, Mass. 


10 Days’ Free Trial No money 


in advance 


“BONORA” 


Is what you need for your win- 
ter plants and your hot beds. In 
midwinter all plant life needs 
assistance. “BONORA, Na- 
ture’s Own Plant 
Food,” will give 
it active pushing 
growth, and 
make it bloompro- 
fusely. Order it 
from your dealer 
or send direct for 
¥ descriptive pam. 
Y=" phlet. “ BONO- 
RA’”’ is highly endorsed by the 
greatest authorities, amongthem 
Luther Burbank, Eben Rexford, 
John Lewis Childs, Dingee & 
Conard Co., Conard & Jones, 
and many others. 


THE GREATEST DISCOVERY 
OF MODERN TIMES. 


rer 


ONORA CHEMICAL CO. }]| 
Bon Broaowar, New YORK_7/| 


Put up in dry form in all size packages as follows: 
1 lb. “28 gallons, post paid .65 
5 Ibs. “140 “ $2.50 
10 lbs. "S280 ats 4.75 


BONORA CHEMICAL CO. 


488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome St., New York 


We extend to our readers a 

hearty invitation to visit our 
Library Salesroom whenever you 
are in New York. You will find 
all of our books there, and you 
are most welcome to look them 
over in the leisurely way you 


would browse about in the 
library of a friend; buy or not, 
as you wish. 


We have just received a consignment 

of Japanese stained bamboo fruit and 
flower baskets of unusually graceful design ; 
also Chinese embroideries, and an interesting 
collection of Japanese and Chinese plates, 
jars, prints and stencils. We are displaying 
these in our Library Salesroom at moderate 
prices. 


Doubleday, Page & Company 


133 E. 16th Street, New York City 


L 
| 
| 


. 


JANUARY, 1910 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


261 


IN THE MATTER OF ADVERTISING 


We have just had an experience which pleases 
us so much that we address this page on the 
opening month of the New Year to the people 
who advertise. Publishers, like the manufac- 
turers of other goods, get their customers largely 
by the use of printers’ ink, and Doubleday, 
Page & Company, first and last, spend a great 
deal of money in the effort to convince people 
of the attractiveness of their products. Our 
attention was directed to the fact that the adver- 
tising of our own publications in our own 
magazines this last fall yielded us much better 
than ever before, and showed favorable com- 
parison with our advertising placed with our 
distinguished contemporaries. This led us to 


study our own records, and the records of other 


people who use our advertising pages. We 
are printing herewith some statements which 
we think will interest our friends, and will 
prove what we firmly believe to be the truth, 
that the advertising value of The Garden Maga- 
zime is increasing enormously. These records 
speak for themselves. 

The Garden Magazine is a well-stocked and 
reliable market place, serving both reader and 
advertiser, as the following letters will testify. 
It is the leading horticultural publication of the 
country, both editoriclly and in its value as an 
advertising medium. These are but samples of 
the testimonials we are constantly receiving: 


A Seedsman writes: 

“Your paper is making good, as usual, and we look 
for great results from it between now and spring.” 

A Nurseryman writes: 

“The Garden Magazine has been shouting for us 
this month—r 34 replies the first week, and still coming.” 

A Fertilizer Concern writes: 

“Tt may interest you to know that The Garden Maga- 
zime has given us the best returns of any publication we 
have ever used. We will materially increase our space 
with you this coming year.” 

A Plant Food Manufacturer writes: 

“We are glad to say that Garden Magazine advertis- 
ing this spring has given us very good results. We shall 
surely use large space next season.” 

A Mowing Machine Company writes: 

“We have taken space in The Garden Magazine, 
and can say it is the best medium we have ever used. 
Tn our case it has been in a class by itself compared with 
every other magazine in its field.” 


The Garden Magazine carries a large volume 
of general advertising each month. Because of 


- TALK: OF-TH 


““To business that we love we rise betime 
And go to ’t with delight.”’—A tony and Cleopatra 


the directness and appeal with which it reaches 
its readers, the home owners and housewives, 
it has “made good” conspicuously on all this 
business, in evidence of which— 


A Cement Company writes: 

“Our page advertisement in The Garden Magazine 
has brought us 1,577 replies.” 

A Rug Manufacturer writes: 


“The Garden Magazine has averaged 75 inquiries a 
month.” 


A Rat Poison Manufacturer writes: 

“The Garden Magazine has given us the best returns 
of all the magazines we have used. The advertising 
has paid for itself fifteen times over in 10-cent and 25- 
cent orders.” 

A Furniture Company writes: 


“We think a great deal of Garden Magazine. 
produced excellent returns for us.”’ 


A House Decorating Company writes: 
“The Garden Magazine has averaged 30 inquiries 
every day since the appearance of our advertisement 


in your September issue, now published over three 
weeks ago.” 


It has 


The great buying power behind The Garden 
Magazine, and its strength as a medium along 
all lines of general advertising, is shown by the 
following list (a partial one) of advertisers who 
have used space on regular contract for at 
least two years in The Garden Magazine: 


Knabe Piano 
\ Prudential Insurance Co. 
Atlas Portland Cement Co. 
Eastman Kodak Co. 
Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. 
Samuel Cabot, Inc. (Shingle Stains) 
American Sugar Co. 
Genasco Roofing 
James Pyle (Pearline) 
Burlington Venetian Blind Co. 
J. L. Mott Iron Works 
Kewanee Water Supply Co. 
Queen Hammock Co. 
J. A. & W. Bird & Co. (Flintcote Roofing) 
New Jersey Zinc Co. 
Chickering Piano 
Kelsey Heating Co. 
Home Correspondence School 
Hill Dryer Co. 
Stevens Arms & Tool Co. 
Huyler’s 
Piedmont Furniture Co. 
Victor Talking Machine Co. 
Old Hickory Chair Co. 
National Lead Co. 
Johnston Educator Food Co. 
Carter White Lead Co. 
Erkins Studios 
Makaroff Cigarette 


FFICE- 


y 


OW 
| 


Do you know what our Readers’ Service is, 
and what it can do for you? 

Do you know that this department answers 
fully all questions from the readers of our maga- 
zines on any subjects whatsoever, and charges 
absolutely no fee? 

Send for our interesting 16-page booklet on 
the Readers’ Service. It tells what a valu- 
able source of information this department is. 


THE ADVERTISERS’ ALMANACK 


In the three Doubleday-Page magazines 
thousands of separate advertisements are pub- 
lished every month; each one has to be set in 
type separately, the cuts properly placed, 
a proof taken 
and sent tothe fz : r EE 
advertiser for | 
approval or cor- 
rection. Each 
has to be set in rials 
its proper posi- | phn 
tion, and the | 
pages so made 
up that it will 
fill the exact 
space set apart 
for it. 

The writing, 
arrangement, il- 
lustration, set- 
ting and placing 
of advertisements is a business in itself, and 
one full of detail. 

For more than two years we have published 
a little monthly magazine called The Adver- 
tisers’ Almanack, that tells about this compli- 
cated business in general, and the advertising 
of our own magazines in particular. It tells 
of interesting advertising campaigns, of the 
educational work advertising is doing, of many 
unusual and interesting advertising experiences, 
and of the methods of producing advertising — 
the process of manufacture, as it were, showing 
how the wheels go round. 

If you would care to go further into the 
mysteries of the elusive, fascinating, potent 
force called “advertising,” we will gladly send 
you a copy of The Advertisers ’Almanack, and 
initiate you — gratis. 

Please address the Advertising Department, 
Doubleday, Page & Company. 


——7 


4 


4, dyertisers’ 
£ &lmanack 


262 ee em erm EUR IDIDNT WAC AZT NT | January, 1910 
Two Superb New Roses 
E Raised by JAacKSON Dawson 


Now Offered for Sale for the First Time 
Lady Duncan 


HIS fine rose was awarded a silver medal by the Massa- 
chusetts Horticultural Society. It is a hybrid of the ever- 
excellent Rugosa and the Memorial Rose (R. Wichuraiana). 

It has the prostrate, long rampant growth of Wichuraiana, while 
the Rugosa blood shows in the luxuriant, dark, glossy foliage 
and in the ‘profusion of large, single flowers. The petals of 
rich, glowing pink melt into an exquisite, large, yellow centre. 
Lady Duncan is perfectly hardy, even to Canada; is a strong 
grower, free bloomer and of long duration of blooming. 


Daybreak 


ROSE of Wichuraiana type, crossed with the Rambler 
Dawson. A vigorous grower, profuse bloomer, excellent, 
too, for forcing. The flowers are single, in great pyra- 

midal clusters of deep, yellowish pink, somewhat darker than 
Lady Duncan, the petals of a lighter shade toward centre. The 
foliage is bright, glossy green, and the habit trailing, like its 
parent Wichuraiana. 


ILL’S trees are healthy and hardy when shipped. They reach 
you in a fresh, thrifty condition—sure to live and grow steadily. 
More than half a century’s experience has gone into the growing of 


Hardy Evergreens 
Trees — Shrubs 


at the Hill Nurseries. Wonderful collections of rare and hardy trees 
and shrubs for planting the home lawn and garden, for $3.00, $5.00 
and $10.00. 


Send for Hill’s Annual Catalog—Free to 
“Garden Magazine” Readers 


The roro edition of our great planting guide is the most complete, useful, practical 
nursery catalog ever published. Beautifully illustrated throughout with two full color 
pages additional. It answers every important question that could be asked by the amateur 
or experienced tree-grower. 

We want you to have one of these catalogs, free. It is full of information about 
planting trees for pleasure or profit. Contains many exceptional offers which will be sure 
to interest you. 

Write to me to-day. Your book will be mailed promptly. 


The stock 1s limited. Order now for Spring delivery 


Good strong plants which will yield a mass of blossoms in 
late June of this year. $1.00 each, $10.00 per dozen. 


EASTERN NURSERIES 
Henry S. Dawson, Mer. Jamaica Plain, Mass. 


A Country House and My Own 
Little Garden 


Did you ever hear any one say they were looking forward te getting it, 
We have. If you were that person and were able to purchase a small piece 
of ground, would you know where to get just what you wanted? Through 
our magazine, COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA, we are in constant touch 
with reliable real estate agents everywhere. Without charge, our Readers’ 
Service will put you in touch with these agents, who will search and secure 
for you your ideal place. 


Mgr. Real Estate Dept., Country Life in America 
138 East 16th Street, New York City 


An Ounce of Prevention 


Don’t wait until your fruit trees are full of San Jose Scale 
before you spray them. Get busy now and keep off the pests 
by thoroughly spraying with a strong solution of 


Planet Jr Farm and Garden Implements do more and better work, and last 
longer than any other farm implements made. They are fully guaranteed. 
Over 35 years’ actual farming and manufacturing experience is put into 
# every Planet Jr tool. They are all made of the most durable materials 
for the purpose, and all cultivating parts are of high-carbon steel. 


No. 6. The newest Planet Jr Combination Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator 
and Plow, opens the furrow, sows any kind of garden seed accurately in drills or hills, covers, rolls Good’s CREB Re eae Soap No. 3 
sor and marks out the next row—all at one operation. Also a perfect Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator f ; eibekes gales: roollb, hea a@utee 
and Plow. j -lb. , $2.50; 100-lb. , $4.50; 

= 3 : PTA. tities proportionately Jess. 
Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer is a wonderful tool for berry- SS arger quant } 
growers and market-gardeners. Works deep or shallow, without throwing eart ee R | eee tenth te alone ics erence eens Pant ee rotects cea 
Kc on the plants, and pulverizes the soil thoroughly. Invaluable wherever fine we J \ \ savin eS tee HORS, Pern at athanhs, Wn aantibices “naan, 

Jf 5 > ey inl ) 

Hl, i 
Ah 


© close Boris Ca Beatty at rer nee 4 ite pores ane age oil contained an it enutcanee fol Used 
e illustrate: anet Jr catalogue is Ot gre: n orse tate Experiment Stations an e 

€ Wa value to every tiller of the soil, whether he needs imple- d peas U. ss. Departaient of Rguicnltasee 

€ 5 ments or not. Ie is frees | Write today. Write to-day for free Booklet, ‘‘ A Pocket Manual of Plant Diseases.” 


a) S. L. ALLEN & CO. Box 1108s, Phila., Pa. James Good, Original Maker, 931 No. Front St., Phila. 


“HORICUM” HORICUM” Old Reliable 


“TRADE MARK"”—No Magic, but it sticks 
KILLS SAN JOSE SCALE AND OTHER PESTS. Lime, Sulphur and 


Salt, concentrated. Make it just as strong as you wish, either for dormant use when 
there is little danger of doing any damage, or weaker when the circulation is in the 
tree. Follow directions and get results. 


SOLD BY MOST SEEDSMEN 


SEND FOR PAMPHLET TO 


Hammond’s Slug Shot Works, FishKill-on- Hudson, N. Y. 


h 
“1 


SAN JOSE SCALE ON A PEAR. 


KILLS SAN JOSE 
SCALE. 


a 


oh I ish w ti bout d 7 
TAN GRE, EMO FS EE aN GUAU RID UI VTVAN GAZA TN) Be eee eee eee ares 263 


JANUARY, 1910 


Cover DEsIGN— Evergreens and Snow : ‘ : : ‘ : , ; : : 4 : ' : 2 ; . Arthur G. Eldredge 
PAGE PAGE 
A Goop BEGINNING i 4 4 : : . : . 205 THE VEGETABLE GARDEN : 5 : W.C. McCollom 286 
Photograph by H. B. Fullerton 
PLANTING FOR WINTER EFFECTS . 3 : I. G. Tabor 266 More Apour WINTER SPRAYING . : } ; : Be 
Plans by the author; photographs by N. R. Graves and others 

.A Famous AVENUE OF CEDARS : : . Wilhelm Miller 269 
Photograph by E. J. Wallis DoctorInc HousE PLANTS . 5 - 5 Ee ke 200 

WINTER SPRAYING AND WuHatT IT DOEs . . Leonard Barron 270 
Photographs by the author, S. W. Fletcher and others A CORRECTION 4 5 0 F 4 : A - 292 

Tue BEsT VINES FOR THE COLDEST SECTIONS James H. Spencer 272 
Photographs by the author : WINNERS IN THE GARDEN CONTEST . : “ - . 2904 

An AMATEUR’S STRUGGLE WITH A BARE Lot ._ Robert Mayer 274 
Photographs and plan by the author GARDEN PUBLICATIONS . : : ; : ; 4 5 Gy 

REALLY EFFICIENT PRUNING TOOLS : J. Lukens Kayan 276 
so oenaPus py. eiauthor TIME-SAVING TOOLS FOR USE IN THE GARDEN . Hollister Sage 2096 

CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE 6 Ellen Eddy Shaw 278 Photograph by the author 
Photographs by school children ‘ 
A SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENT WITH EARLY-PLANTED DAHLIAS 
STarRTING PLants INDOORS . : W. Palmer 281 


Photographs by Ella M. Beals and W. R. Beattie Thomas J. Steed 298 


ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN W. AH. Jenkins and N. B. White 282 


Photograph by the author 


Photographs by the authors ANSWERS TO QUERIES . Q é : : : § . 300 
SUBSCRIPTION: WILHELM MILLER, Epitor—Copyricut, 1909, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Foreign Postage 
One dollar a year Entered as second class matter January 12, 1905, at the post-office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 [ add 65c. 
Single Copies rs cts q F - For Canada add 35c. 
F. N. Dous.Lepay, President Watter H. Pacer, HerBert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer 


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To FURTHER popularize Sweet Peas we make the 
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Dept. G., 342 West 14th St., New York City 


Do you intend to build a poultry house? 
Write to the Readers’ Service 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


JANUARY, 1910 


Have You a Farm, a Garden or Even a Back-yard ? 


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The G 


VoL. X—No. 6 


PUBLISHED MONTHLY 


arden Magazine 


JANUARY, 1910 


(For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is 
generally taken as a standard. Allow six days’ difference 
for every hundred miles of latitude.] 


A Good Beginning 


iE YOU want to begin the year properly 

and make a garden that is a real suc- 
cess, take thought now and carefully plan 
out your campaign. 

Especially is this true of the vegetable 
garden. ‘The only way to crop your ground 
to the limit of its capacity is by carefully 
planning out ahead just what space will be 
allotted to each crop and arranging for the 
successions. If you have never done this 
before, learn how to do it by reading Mr. 
McCollom’s article in the Vegetable Garden 
Department on page 286. That article is the 
beginning of a series that will be continued 
throughout the year, and which will serve as 
a complete manual of the vegetable garden. 

In the fruit garden planning is not so full 
of detail, but you should know exactly what 
you are doing with each kind of fruit and 
each tree should have its place marked on 
a chart, especially if you have several dif- 
ferent varieties. The record of the name 
should be kept on the plan because labels 
are liable to injury and may even be lost 
entirely. You will find a great deal of inter- 
est comes from studying varieties and their 
peculiar adaptations and qualities. 

During the coming year THE GARDEN 
Macazine will continue a campaign for 
“more and better fruit.” We want every 
amateur gardener to realize his opportunities 
for growing his own fruit better than it can 
be bought. 

Take stock of your fruit trees, berry plants, 
etc., and see that you are growing the kinds 
that will give the best quality. Do not waste 
time in trying to mature a lot of second rate, 
worthless kinds, when better ones can be had 
at practically the same cost. Plant the best. 

In the flower garden the winter planning 
should be toward correcting any color clashes 
that you may have noticed last year and 


ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy 


planning for succession of bloom and har- 
mony of effects. While last season’s results 
are fresh in your mind and there is still time 
before spring work opens, go over your gar- 
den, make a plan and figure out any changes 
that may seem desirable. One of the most 
fascinating features of work in the flower 
garden and shrubbery is the continual 
struggle toward perfecting groupings and 
color schemes. 

At this time, too, look to winter effects. Is 
your garden bare and desolate? There is 
no need for it to be so. Mark on your chart 
now any places that need the relief of winter 
effect, and order your plants from the 
nursery for spring delivery. If you do 
not plan your garden this work becomes 
a mass of jumbled detail and nothing is ever 
properly carried out. Without foresight 
in garden work you will find yourself sud- 
denly caught up with a rush or several things 
that want to be done simultaneously — must 
be done then or not at all. 


Discounting the Future 


Bo the gardener’s activity need not 
entirely be occupied with planning. 
If the winter remains open a certain amount 
of planting of perfectly hardy nursery stock 
can be done in all but the very coldest sec- 
tions. Construction work and making walks 
and drains can be continued as long as the 
weather is open. Sometimes hard frost 
does not come until the early part of January. 

If snow falls and weights down the shrubs 
and evergreens, go into the garden imme- 
diately the fall stops and knock it off the 
branches. Some trees are much more 
liable to injury than others, but even if 
they do not break the continued weight of 
snow may bend the branches out of shape. 
Snow on the flower beds and lawn is a good 
thing —it acts asa mulch. Do not hesitate 
about throwing any quantity on the beds 
in clearing walks and roadways. 

Prune large trees and clear out any dead 
wood and repair damage generally during 
the winter. Do not wait until other out- 
door work is pressing. 

Prevent attacks of diseases and scale by 
spraying now. It is surprising what good 
results can be obtained by taking this pre- 
caution. The lime-sulphur mixtures or 
miscible oils should be used by nearly every- 
body — not necessarily as remedies but as 
preventives. Prevention is better than cure. 


Important Odds and Ends 


ie YOU have coldframes lift up the sash 

and let in air on all occasions when the 
temperature is not too cold, closing them 
up again before the sun goes off. Look to 


the general condition of things about the 
place. Do any carpentering work, repair- 
ing hotbed sash, frames, flats, etc. Make 
seed boxes or anything else that may be 
wanted when the season opens. Look to 
the tools. See that everything is sharp and 
in order. Buy new ones now. 

Look over your stock of left-over seeds 
and remember that it is not generally safe 
to rely upon old stocks of carrots, leeks, 
onions, parsnips, and sometimes lettuce. 
Make out your seed lists and order the seeds 
at once. 

Send for the catalogues and study the 
novelty features. By all means try at least 
a half dozen of these in a tentative way, but 
do not discard proven favorites until by 
actual trial you have found something 
better. While improvement in varieties of 
vegetables and flowers is actual, it is slow, 
and varieties do not behave the same under 
all conditions. 

Think about the hotbeds that you will be 
making next month. Have you made 
arrangements for heating material ? 

Prune grapes, currants and gooseberries 
at any time that is convenient. After that 
the standard orchard fruits can be taken in 
hand. 

Mulch at once any newly planted trees 
or fruits that are not yet established. A 
great deal of ultimate success depends on 
their getting a thorough hold during the first 
year. Fall-planted stock especially needs 
mulching, and the later it was planted the 
more it will need it. Look over seed pota- 
toes for scab, and treat with corrosive sub- 
limate solution. Keep an eye on stored roots 
to stop decay at once. 


Work in the Greenhouse 


(PRESSE is a good deal of opportunity 
for activity indoors. Bring in and 
begin to force bulbs that have been buried 
outside. Also spirea and other things. 
Asparagus and rhubarb may be brought 
indoors and put under the greenhouse 
benches, or in a warm corner in the cellar, 
and started into growth. 

If you are growing florists’ flowers, root 
cuttings in sand during January, giving a 
temperature of 55 degrees, with the cutting 
sand 10 degrees warmer. Sow spores of 
ferns in pans of sand and keep in a tempera- 
ture of 60 degrees. Root carnation cuttings 
in 50 degrees. 

Easter lilies may be started to force at 
60 degrees; anything above that will not 
suit them as well. Lily-of-the-valley that 
is brought indoors for winter flower can 
be forced at go degrees,if planted in 
moisture. 


Planting for Winter Effects—By I. G. Tabor, 3x, 


A COLLECTION OF DETAIL PLANS WITH THE APPROPRIATE PLANTS— ALL PLANS, LARGE OR SMALL, ARE 
AN AGGREGATION OF DETAILS WHICH CAN BE ADAPTED BY THE INDIVIDUAL TO SUIT HIS SPECIFIC CASE 


A PLANTING plan dissected resolves 
itself into surprisingly few small 
parts. In fact there are something less 
than twenty motifs, or groups, variously 
applied — and no more. Hence it would 
seem to follow that if one could disentangle 
these and get each individual bit cut out by 
itself and ready to fit into whatever nook 
or corner it suited, he might plant almost any 
kind of a place by them, from the fifty-footer 
up to the fifty-acre — and expansively on, 
as far as the imagination leadeth. 

Which is precisely the truth; there is no 
difference between big places and little 
places really, as far as groups, and sub- 
groups, and borders, and all that sort of 
thing, is concerned. The pattern simply 
repeats oftener in the big place — that’s all. 

The “bits” herewith presented are planned 
with an eye especially to winter effect, and to 
that end bright- 


line of planting follows the main walk, 
leaving the view in that direction open, 
once the turn is fairly made. 

There are four ways of applying this one 
detail to the ground. First, just as it is; 
second, by turning it exactly over if the 
situation demands it; third, by taking away 
the right-hand group which runs in and 
along the branch walk and replacing it with 
the grouping from the left side, turned over, 
thus making two groups just alike; and 
fourth, by taking away the shallow group 
on the left similarly and putting the deeper 
right hand group in its place. And then, 
of course, one may be omitted entirely and 
only one planted. 

The second detail shows a walk branching 
on a curve, which makes very different 
planting necessary; yet here again are two 
groups which will lend themselves to many 


situations and which may be used inde- 
pendently or together. 

The slight difference in the form of the 
curve in the third detail makes a totally 
different form in which the planting is to 
be made, the night hand group becoming 
here almost triangular. Thus out of three 
problems there are six different groupings 
and a number of combinations so great that 
I won’t attempt to suggest them all. 

Three treatments of a broad curve, ‘either 
of walk or drive, follow. The first, showh 
in number 4, is an arrangement whereby the 
walk itself is hidden completely and the 
concealing shrubs are so placed that from 
the lawn on either side they have the appear- 
ance of being simply a loose and natural 
thicket. Number 5 reverses this, present- 
ing a low, irregular front of.shrubs to the 
walk itself with heavier ones backing them 
up and closing out 


COLOR OF BERRIES the surroundings, 


ee shrubs He ae COMMON NAME STANDARD NAME ee 
een chosen to make 
up each group—but eames 
ae oe inh ae Ts. Common barberry.--.-. LWGVATES WHOS. cacccasso pacca> 4— 8 
that towers have Aoson|| Jayoeia loRVOSMAY.55cn5ea4|| BednenS Wigan o2s522c202220¢ B= ihn - 
been overlooked or 3---.| Purple-leaved barberry..| Berberis vulgaris, var. purpurea...-. A= 3. - 
that the spring, and 4..-.| Holly-leaved barberry...| Berberis Aquifolium.....-.-------- = 0 
the summer, and the S- --.| Red-osier dogwood.....- Cornus stolontfera........--------- aa 8. 
eerie ---.| Panicled dogwood......- Cornus candidissima....-.--------. =i 5 5 - 
autumn e€ MIICUS) (Beh Hee European red dogwood...) Cornus sanguimea.....-...-------. S=i2 5 - 
been sacrificed. It 8....| Washington thorn....... CHHCQLMS COP Lraanseso00s007 022° 10-30... 
means rather that Q-- Cork-barked euonymus.-.| Euonymus alatus.......----.-----. 8 
in addition to all 10....| Evergreen spindle tree...) Euonymus Europeus, fr ucto albo.. 15 
h h den I1.--.| Warty spindle tree-._.-- Euonymus Verrucosus....---------- 6 
that the garden has 12....| Obovate-leaved spindle..| EHuomymus obovatus...........----- Tampere 
to offer at these sea- TQosoo| Ammenczia INOK7,.2-2505- HEX ODOC REE ee OS 15-40. - 
sons there is just so 14 Se eB lackatall deraae en earners MVCSMUCTULGUICL Oe 6-10... 
much more, Tiger Winterberry. . See eee aheeits Ilex, UGVELOHO a ogee Sosegouaae esl ee 4 2 
‘ : WOs-5. || ATROOIP JOINEEsscooccos ce Ligustrum Amurensé...------- OSES 
Coming directly 17.--.| Morrow’s honeysuckle...| Lonicera Morrowii.....-..-------- 6 
down to first prin- i3oseo)) Ithy Inomeyanelklle.-555o¢ Lonicera Xylostewm.....---------- 10 
ciples, the first little Woo pee Fer tae TS ceriferd...---------+----.-- & 6.. 
Aa 25 1 NUgZOSA or aMmanas rose OS OMY LOS O seetet ttt t tn 
layout presents the Die aoa INBIENS TOSS o55accecse56 IROSG, WCMEMs a aaococacosadesoe0e ss 6... 
problem of a walk 22....| Sweet leaf..............| Symplocos crategoides..........--- RGAE. 
diver ging from D3oco,| SIMONUVIIVaccaccs ceases Symphoricarpos racemosus.....----- 4 
another walk at right Pilos,|| lincheyn GUO coccoass Symphoricarpos vulgaris....------- Ue ers 
. x eo| SEM onacooodesauds Hippophe rhamnoides...-...---.-- ini Be 
angles. Perhaps i AD.~- || Crapalosan7 INCI. scs5s5<- Viburnum Opulus........---------|| 12 - ‘| 
is a path striking off 27.-..| Arrow wood............| Viburnum dentatum.......--- Peel irae 


to another portion 
of the grounds, per- 
haps it is the walk 


As-co.|| Wisuiit® nol, ocseacoseacce 


into the house from TNE clon | European Yoni lo. .4|) AOE HN ososncccscctocsncosece 50-80. 5 
set Bencoa|| Wellloy7 WilllOnyococco sons Salix vitellina, var. Britzensis .....-| 25-50. - 
the street OF POs; Caras | American mountain ash.| Sorbus Americana.......-------.-- 10-25.. 


sibly it is a drive- 


way; it doesn’t EVERGREENS 
really matter, YOU Wace as | ASSEN jE cososcs asa) LYS AMSTMHGGscscccenocoeosones 30-50. - 
see, what it is; in Dasere | Swiss mountain pine....| Pinus Montana, var. Mughus....-- Q= Bae 
any case the group- Coaaer White fir...............| Abies concolor......-..--- Sopeeesel|) Hy=GO- - 
sare sareiital Wa Take desea), Lrish Views ese iso | Juniperus vulgaris, var. Hibernica. | 5-15-- 
§ ereren ieeducedarner ranean | Juniperus Virginiana, var. glauca...| 5-15-- 
Same. fees. | Golden-leaved cedar....| Juniperus V., aurea variegata....-- 5=05- - 
On the right the Geoecc | AMO IMPMIES 5 soe bocea ee | Thuya ortentalis....-.-.-..------- 5-25. 
shrubbery extends h aor | Drooping arborvite-....| Thuya ortentalis, var. pendula.....- Bie. « 
. Al Billie Tne 1... -.. JApanycypLessaeee set | Retamispora pisifera....-...----.-- IE=3O. - 
Wins ya) go Joseoe Japan cypress plumose.-.| Retinispora pisifera, var. plumosa..-| 15-30- - 
branch walk, hiding, ea | Dwarf Hinoki cypress...| Retinispora obtusa, var. nana...-.--| 2— 5-- 
maybe, something Mo ooeee fpikveral clea. semen TE Sge (OUPHNT PW Ssanccscce2nccss>2|| FO=SO> = 


beyond, but on the 
left this arrangement | 
is reversed and the | _‘----- 


VINE 


Steere Celastrus scandens........------ ie 


while in number 6 
the shrubbery is 
banked continu- 


Riediscee Sek en sees 

Red oT, Nae ously from the lawn 
Purples? .e8se. qo sce ee within the curve of 
IR@Glccoosasss2222==- the walk up to the 
White....--..------- outer row on the 
Winites ee eee 3 

Binge 0 te eee outside of the curve. 
Corall we¢le-.sccsn-s55 These bits of walk 
Purple-red...-.-.---- or roadway will 
Vie ic 5 eee uy swalll Ie 


found to fit as ac- 
curately as is neces 


IRGClscdas5 oa2secce sss sary, one to another, 
pies see betceeceee so it is actually a 
Bice -bladeic oll tl) lace Milfaeiiewemsane 
Blood acaeaaae the integral curves 
Warkmedss.. eres from which any 
Bluish.-.--..-.-------| walk ox roadway, 
Brae Wlosassedcocco a di 
Fi -/5|  AE URR te RORE extending any dis- 
Bites eee tance, may be com- 
Whites): oe sears posed — with the 
Comal oosess222ses2e: planting to fit them. 
ee OF Ee He rs Plant 

Galata eel anting at the 
Blue-black.....-..-- base of a building 


Pink to dark blue.... | must always be done 
with restraint. The 
welfare of the build- 
ing ought to be 
considered as well 
as its appearance — 
and shrubs close set 
against the walls 
are bound to harbor 
dampness, es pec- 
ially if thickly 
massed. Keep the 
most of them away 
from the building, 


Wihitellbanc= ae 
Scarlet bark........-. 
Red berries...-.....- 


Bright green......-.-- 
Warm olive......-..- 


Silver green....--- ae 
Golden variegated. .. - 
Green-olive)s2=2=) 2---- 


eee | iilocing “or lace 
(Green ne eee eee circulation of air 
Darkigreent sess. around them. 


The detail for an 
angle within an L is 
shown in number 7;, 


- 


A 


JANUARY, 1910 


, 


High bush cranberry 


Se cl Se 


False bittersweet 


Wichuraiana rose 


Mahonia 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 267 


AG _ 
= G7 i lefty 
Qs} y rans 


1. A walk branching at right angles from 


the main walk 


Gere 


8. A walk branching gradually ; forming 
acute angle, with bay opposite 


Be ary 
Gt ) 


h 


( So 
4 Sain 
GN SBI) 
C 
5. A curving walk; surroundings hid- 


den. Shrubs high on the outside, descend- 
ing toward the walk 


House 


fax 
9 


7. Planting within an L of building 


oka os 


& 2 SZ 4oft 


9. Shrubbery group designed for a bay 
window 


11. Large corner screen of deciduous 
shrubs to be seen from the inside 


‘10. Narrow lot with vista from street to 


2. A walk branching on a broad curve 


4. A curving walk hidden. Shrubs high- 
est next to walk 


ta @ 70 ) Aa 
3 : FA) WN oN, Oe 
Se High bush cranberry 


ole 
oy 


6. A curving walk; continuous effect 
when seen from within the curve. Lowest 
hrubs on the inner side 


9) 
Ge 
Uy House 
Gen 
(o, Q soft 


‘24 


Meuse 


rear 


12. Border planting or straight screen of 


evergreens and deciduous shrubs Rugosa rose 


268 


THE GARDEN 


15. Small corner group of deciduous 
shrubs to be seen from the inside 


MAGAZINE 


14. Walk to a door, branching in a Y 


16. Small corner group of deciduous 
shrubs to be seen from the inside 


JANUARY, 1910 


Common barberry, fruit 


White birch and evergreens 


planting around an outer corner is the 
subject of the next, with a bay window 
group that may be fitted to a flat wall by 
adding one shrub, finishing the list. This one 
shrub should be number 11, and its place is 
back of the pair of number 3, on the line 
between 11 and 16 already shown. 

The long, narrow lot, with the long, narrow 
stretch back from the street between its own 
house and its neighbor is very usual. And 
I think the feeling of hopelessness with which 
it is confronted is very, very general; there 
seems so little room to do anything for the 
situation’s relief. Here is a suggestion in 
number ro that is perfectly practical in spite 
of its limitations. The hemlocks close the 
vista; with the silvery branches of the white 
birch swinging before them and the scarlet 
branches of the willow standing out sharply 
against both the white and the dark green, 
the commonplace ‘‘tunnel” between the 
houses is transformed, to the observer from 
the street, into as charming a color picture 
as the dreariest winter day could make one 
long for. Increase the number of hem- 
locks and plant the same combination of 


willow and birch against them anywhere, to 


screen an outbuilding or anything else that 
the landscape would be better off without. 

The large corner planting shown in detail 
number 11 may serve as a screen or simply 


17. Corner group of evergreens to be seen 
from the inside 


a border enclosing a broad sweep of lawn. 
Strictly speaking a group which does not 
hide something can hardly claim to be a 
screen, therefore evergreens seem essential 
when actual screening is to be done. 

The next detail fulfills this requirement, 
affording at the same time a background 
for the shrubs which are set beforeit. ‘These 
may be omitted if it seems desirable, and 
the evergreens planted alone with eminently 
satisfactory results. 

For details of a right-angled corner 
planting, two deciduous and two evergreen 
groups conclude the list. If a combination of 
evergreen and deciduous is wanted, drop 
the large outer shrubs from 15 and set the 
remaining ones inside of number 17, if you 
are arranging a mass to be viewed from 
within the angle; if the reverse, eliminate 
the inner shrubs from 16 and the outside 
small evergreens from 18 and replace the 
latter with what remains of the former. 

The fruits, or berries, of the shrubs here 
listed range in color from white through pink, 
yellow, orange, scarlet, blue and purple to 
blue black. Some have, in addition to these 
gaudy berries, ,vividly colored branches. 
The evergreens vary in their greens from 
the deep, rich pure color to blue, golden, 
and a silvery pallor. 

All varieties of ilex and the sea buck- 


18. Corner group of evergreens to be 
seen from the outside 


Red-barked dogwood 


thorn (Hippophaé rhamnoides) must be 
planted in combinations of two or more in 
order to get the fruits, for these are dioecious 
species. The details indicate (by the sign &) 
which should be the staminate plants. One 
in a group is sufficient and the object, of 
course, is to locate it where its lack of ber- 
ries will be missed as little as possible. 

Myrica cerifera is also dioecious but as 
this is chosen for its foliage color and its 
value as a low growing bush, rather than for 
its berries, it does not seem advisable to use 
it in the numbers necessary to secure both 
kinds. 

With these separate little links ready to 
be welded into a complete whole, the task 
of combining them is simple enough, and 
the results cannot fail to be excellent, if just 
one simple, fundamental rule of landscape 
design is strictly adhered to. Keep the cen- 
tre open, massing the planting always along 
boundaries; if you wish specimens of any 
particularly beautiful or favorite shrub 
separated from the massed group, place 
them in relation to the others as number 25 
is placed in detail 15 — that is, sufficiently 
detached to be distinct, yet not actually 
independent of the group. Let nothing, 
however beautiful it may be of and by itself, 
ever tempt you to depart from this tried and 
true arrangement. 


ri ne 


oe, 


ee ee ee ee oe ed 


6530 madl yh api oeeapa: 


en Satie 


A Famous Avenue of Cedars— By Wilhelm Miller, 3% 


NE of the “sights” in England is the 
cedar avenue at Dropmore, the home 
of J. B. Fortesque, Esq., in Buckingham- 
shire. This estate is celebrated for its col- 
lection of conifers, including one of the 
first specimens of Douglas fir raised in 
Europe — now a noble tree over one hun- 
dred feet high and forming a perfect living 
cone of green! 

But the crowning glory of Dropmore is 
the avenue of cedars. ‘‘Cedar” in Eng- 
land nearly always means the cedar of 
Lebanon (Cedrus Libant), which is the 
most striking feature of the English land- 
scape and is doubtless the most highly 
esteemed tree ever brought to England from 
a foreign land. It is noted for its Bible 
associations and the great age which speci- 
mens attain. Some cedars at Warwick 
Castle are said to have been planted by 
returned crusaders. The peculiar beauty 
of the cedar of Lebanon is due to its well- 
marked platforms, which are rather distant 
and clothed with short needles. No two 
platforms are exactly alike, and the general 
effect is not symmetrical, but mildly pic- 
turesque, as befits the English landscape. 

Unfortunately, the cedar of Lebanon is 
the least hardy member of the genus. There 
are a few fair-sized specimens near Phila- 
delphia and New York in sheltered situations, 
but New England could not grow it until 
Professor Sargent sent a collector to gather 
seeds of it at the highest altitude in Asia 


Minor, where the cedar is native. The 
Arnold Arboretum has a few specimens of 
this supposedly hardy stock which are avail- 
able for genuine tree lovers. 

I do not care much for “just as good 
things,”’ as a rule, but the Mt. Atlas cedar 
(Cedrus Atlantica) is practically the same 
thing as the cedar of Lebanon, save that it 
is a good deal hardier. The popular saying 
in England is that when both trees get old 
no one can tell them apart, and this obser- 
vation is confirmed by the distinguished 
botanist, Dr. Augustine Henry and the dis- 
tinguished horticulturist, Wiliam Robinson, 
who has studied both trees in their native 
countries — Asia Minor and Africa. 

Thus the Mt. Atlas cedar is of intense 
interest to Americans, for it is practically 
a hardy cedar of Lebanon, 7. e., hardy behind 
windbreaks or in other sheltered situations 
as far north as New York. To the senti- 
mentalist it may be a bit inferior, but so far 
as inherent beauty is concerned it is superior. 
Mr. R. Irwin Lynch pointed out to me that 
the cedar of Lebanon is a bit ““dumpy” in 
outline, while the Mt. Atlas cedar has a 
definite leader which gives the tree more of 
a conical outline and sounds a note of aspira- 
tion — the finishing touch of a perfect tree. 

As people are always asking how to dis- 
tinguish the two trees in their nursery con- 
dition, I will give the surest botanical char- 
acters. The cedar of Lebanon has a nodding 
leader; the leaves are an inch or more long, 


and they are generally broader than thick. 
The Mt. Atlas cedar has an upright leader; 
the leaves are mostly less than an inch long, 
and they are usually thicker than broad. 

Returning now to the cedar avenue at 
Dropmore, it is about a quarter of a mile 
long, eighty years old, and seventy-five feet 
high. The grass walk between the trees is 
about sixty feet wide. The trees are about 
thirty feet apart in the row. ‘The avenue is 
not straight but curves gently, which adds 
considerably to its charm, owing to the well- 
known fascination of a ‘‘disappearing curve.” 
I did not verify any of the figures here given. 
Everything of that kind may be found in the 
superb work on the trees of England by 
Elwes and Henry. 

Perhaps the readercan now understand why 
my enthusiasm rose almost to a fever heat 
on learning that this avenue is composed of 
Cedrus Atlantica, var. glauca. Every one who 
has tried to reproduce English garden effects 
in America will understand, for we waste 
about a million dollars a year in such efforts. 
But here is one of the grandest of all which 
can doubtless be duplicated in many places 
as far north as New York and as far south 
as Georgia. 

I shall never forget the majesty of the 
cedar avenue at Dropmore, as I saw it with 
the long, level rays of the setting sun lighting 
up the platforms of these venerable monarchs. 
That was a day to be marked with a red 
cross in the diary of one’s life. 


The grandest avenue of cedars in England, at Dropmore, Buckinghamshire. 


269 


About a quarter of a mile long, eighty years old and seventy-five feet high 


Boiling the lime-sulphur mixture in kettles on an open fire. The two ingredients 
are boiled together for an hour 


If a large quantity of the mixture is to be made, a regular cooking boiler will be 


the more handy. Stir the mixture 


Winter Spraying and What it Does—By Leonard Barron, =, 


WHILE THE TREES ARE DORMANT IS THE BEST TIME TO USE POWERFUL SPRAYS AGAINST SCALE AND 
OTHER PESTS —GETTING THE GREAT RESULTS WITH LITTLE EFFORT AND AT A DULL TIME OF YEAR 


PRAYING in winter — or at some time 
between the fall of the leaf and the 
bursting of the buds in spring — has become 
a mere matter of routine, with the up-to-date 
orchardist, and is largely a “habit” also in 
parks and other places having somewhat 
extensive masses of trees or shrubbery. 

The suburban dweller, with only a few 
shrubs and perhaps only a half-dozen fruit 
trees, lags behind in the fight for control with 
a feeling that it is hardly worth while to go to 
so much bother. 

The fact is, however, that the bother is 
largely in the anticipation. Winter spray- 
ing is just as profitable to the owner of one 
tree as it is to the owner of a thousand. 
We spray as a precaution just as much as 
for a remedy, because we cannot foretell 
that the season will be characterized by 
marked attacks of any one insect or disease. 

Winter spraying became popular through 
the startling results that followed the use of 


In the home garden the mixture may be distributed 
by a whisk broom! 


a combination of lime and sulphur, and 
to-day the “‘lime-sulphur wash” is as nec- 
essary a part of the equipment as fertilizer. 
There is one blessing about the San José 
scale, after all: so devastating was it that 
for a time its attacks of our fruit trees, 
especially, and the search for some practical 
method of control was the most serious one 
occupying the attention of fruit growers, 
entomologists and horticulturists generally. 
These matters monopolized the programme 
of convention and state horticultural meet- 
ings for some years and indeed the interest 
is alive yet. Probably it always will be, 
but we have learned how to handle it. 


‘Curiously enough, in finding the remedy or 


preventive for the scale we have also found 
a remedy for so many other ills of the orchard 
that we may well regard that once dread 
pest not only with equanimity, but even 
with some sort of friendly consideration. 

The available sprays are of three kinds: 

1. Home-boiled lime-sulphur. 

2. Self-boiled or factory-boiled sulphur 
washes. 

3. Oils. 

Each of these has its advantages and dis- 
advantages. The home-boiled lime-sulphur 
wash is the best for use on a large scale, 
because it is the cheapest, but it is somewhat 


troublesome to prepare and at best is 
” 


““messy.”” The most approved formula is: 
Lump lime 20 lbs. 
Sulphur 15 lbs. 
Water 50 gals. 


The lime and sulphur are first mixed 
with about half the water, or less, and boiled 
together for an hour, stirring frequently to 
prevent any caking on the side of the vessel. 
Boil in an zon tank. When cooking is 


270 


complete the rest of the water is added, hot 
or cold. The mixture is at once used. 

Another method of cooking is to mix the 
sulphur and lime in a barrel, and inject steam 
from a stationary boiler. This method will 
probably be the most practical for many 
amateurs. A piece of hose may be connected 
to a steam boiler and by fastening to an iron 
rod the other end, it may be kept at the 
bottom of the barrel quite easily. A small 
boiler may be rigged up for about thirty 
dollars, and will be useful in many ways 
besides cooking spray mixtures. 

The self-boiled spray is made with these 
quantities: 


Lump lime 30 lbs. 
Sulphur (flower) 15 lbs. 
Caustic soda 6 lbs. 
Water 50 gals. 


Slake the lime in a barrel with hot water, 
using just enough to do the work. When 


But a force pump mounted on a low-down wagon is 
far more convenient 


* 


JANUARY, 1910 


boiling action begins, add the sulphur which 
has previously been made into a thin paste. 
Add water gradually. When the lime is 
quite slaked add the soda, stirring till dis- 
solved. Cover the barrel lightly and let 
the contents cook, adding the rest of the 
water when all action has ceased. 

This wash is easier to prepare than the 
regular boiled mixture, is slightly more 
expensive and less effective. It is a good 
one, however, for the man who wants only 
a small quantity and has neither the facilities 
nor the inclination to make the other. 

The common soda lye sold in the grocery 
may be used in preparing a small quantity 
of wash by this formula. 

The “‘factory-boiled” washes are of some- 
what similar composition and offer to the 
amateur the easiest means of applying a 
sulphur wash. The Very fact that they are 
ready for use as once by dilution with water 
is the strongest of arguments in their favor, 
and even though they may not be quite as 
effective as the hot home-boiled article, they 
will be used more and more by the suburban 
gardener, to whom the question of a slight 
increase of cost is not a serious consideration 
as against the convenience of having a 
ready-to-use preparation . 

The oil sprays are the most convenient 
of all to use and many practical fruit growers 
tely upon them entirely to prevent the 
spread of the scale. 

The various “miscible oils,’ special 
preparations offered under various trade 
names, are cleverly emulsified oils that mix 
readily with water and are quite reliable. 
Again, the question of whether to use them 
is one for the individual to decide. Is your 
time worth the cost? 

The New York State Experiment Station 
gives as a formula for ahome-madeemulsion: 


Crude oil or kerosene 2 gals. 


Whale-oil or fish-oil soap 4 lb. 
Soft water I gal. 


Cooking may be done by injecting steam into the 
mixed ingredients in a barrel 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Shred the soap and dissolve in the water 
(boiling). Then, away from the fire, add 
the oil and emulsify by pumping the mixture 
on itself for five or ten minutes. Do not 
use an emulsion which shows a separation 
of the oil. 

The spray must be distributed in a fine 
mist, which means the use of a force pump, 
and the nozzles must be of brass to last. 
Spray with the wind and if necessary do it 
a second time from the other side another 
day. 

But it is only results that count, and there- 
fore I append these few remarks that will 
show what is being done in various parts of 
the country: 


Colorado: Winter spraying in Colorado 
orchards is done almost exclusively for the 
destruction of the brown mite, but in some 
instances orchards have been sprayed for 
the Howard scale, and also for the destruction 
of the eggs of the green apple aphis. 

The lime-sulphur preparations, especially 
the home-made product, have been very 
successful in destroying the brown mite 
either in the egg stage or after the little mites 
have hatched in the spring. The same 


For the home garden some sort of moderate-sized 
power apparatus is a wise investment 


preparation. has been successful against 
Howard scale and is probably the most 
successful treatment that has been used in 
Colorado against the peach twig borer. 

The oil sprays, such as kerosene emulsion 
and the various miscible oils, have been 
useless for the destruction of eggs in the 
ordinary strengths. The whale oil soaps and 
fish oil soaps when used not weaker than one 
pound to each gallon of water have been fairly 
effectual for the destruction of eggs. —C. P. 
GILLETTE, State Entomologist. 


New York: I have no doubt as to the 
advisability of winter spraying with a lime- 
sulphur spray where there is an infestation 
of San José scale. It not only controls San 
José scale but destroys large numbers of 
other insect pests in the egg stage of their 
existence. The insecticidal and fungicidal 
value of a lime-sulphur spray is perhaps not 
fully known, as it has heretofore been used 
during the dormant season more than at 
any other time. It is coming to be known, 
however, that if largely diluted it may be 
used with care as a summer spray for apple 
scab and aphis (plant lice), especially on 


Completely cover every twig of the trees, making 
them white. Spray with the wind by preference 


the more hardy trees. There are certain 
commercial preparations of lime-sulphur 
now on the market that are giving satis- 
factory results, particularly those which 
are made in such a way that they do not 
readily crystalize. — D. B. Younc, Assistant 
State Entomologist. 


—The winter sprays largely used in this 
state are such as are employed in the treat- 
ment of the San José scale. In commercial 
plantings I advise sulphur sprays on account 
of their safe qualities, reasonable efficiency 
and their comparative cheapness. The com- 
mercial miscible oils are advised for the treat- 
ment of a few trees largely because of con- 
venience in handling them. We find that fall 
applications of such preparations as are used 
for the treatment of the scale may cause 
damages to wood, and as the sulphur sprays 
are safer, we prefer them for spraying at that 
season. As a rule very little fall spraying is 
done in New York because of the late reten- 
tion of foliage and the appearance of 
frost. —P. J. PARRoTT, Experiment Station 
Entomologist. 


New Jersey: Thorough spraying with 
the reliable miscible oils is effective. Spray- 
ing with lime-sulphur for scale is more effect- 
ive in early spring just before the buds open. 
When this material is applied in December 
or January, it is usually not as effective as 
when applied in March or April. In south- 
ern New Jersey, spraying must be done not 
later than April rst on peaches as they are 
often in full bloom by April roth, but in 
northern New Jersey they can often be 
sprayed as late as April roth to 15th, but in 
an early season this would be rather late. 
Peaches bloom two weeks later in the 
vicinity of High Bridge, N. J., than they 
do at Vineland, N. J. — Maurice A. Blake, 
State Horticulturist. 

(See also page 288) 


The best flowering vine, Japanese clematis, stands 50 degrees below zero with 
Plant in late spring 


root protection. 


becomes a brilliant crimson after frost. 


The best foliage vine, Englemann’s Virginia creeper. Hardy everywhere; foliage 


Self-supporting 


The Best Vines for the Coldest Sections—By James H. Spencer, = 


FOURTEEN RELIABLE FLOWERING AND FOLIAGE VINES THAT WILL ENDURE THE MOST 


RIGOROUS WINTER WEATHER, AND SOME EVEN 


pate majority of standard hardy vines 
listed by nurserymen, both East and 
West, are grown successfully in some sections 
of the Northwest — that great region embrac- 
ing northern Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, 
Minnesota, the Dakotas, Nebraska, and a 
few other states where winter temperatures 
20 degrees to 50 degrees below zero Fahren- 
heit are not uncommon, while a few of the 
best varieties will grow in the coldest locali- 
ties and not winter-kill. 


EXCELLENT NATIVE VINES 


Very naturally the native plants are first 
looked for, and we are fortunate in possess- 
ing three that are as good as the best any- 
where, and which are the standbys of excep- 
tionally cold portions of the Northwest, such, 
for instance, as North Dakota. 

Few vines are so useful or more thoroughly 
appreciated than the native wild grape (Vitis 
riparia). Hardy everywhere, it is invalu- 
able in sections of extreme cold. where so 
few vines withstand the rigors of the climate. 
The form that produces fragrant flowers is 
best for ornamental purposes, while another 
form bears large quantities of fruit, and 


should be grown. on arbors. The fruit, 
though small, is much prized, and wild- 
grape jelly and preserves are always the 
pride of the housewife. The common Vir- 
ginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) is 
probably the most useful vine of the North- 
west, but it is so well and favorably known 
that it is unnecessary to state its merits. 

As a flowering vine Clematis Virginiana 
is satisfactory, and is much used. It some- 
what resembles the Japan clematis men- 
tioned later, but is not nearly so good, except 
that it does not require protection even in the 
coldest localities. Its small white flowers 
are borne in clusters during August. 


THE BEST FLOWERING VINES 


| The Japanese clematis (Clematis panicu- 
Jata) is coming into more general use in the 
Northwest than any other recent introduc- 
tion. For covering porches, trellises, etc., 
it is unequalled. It is a dainty, refined vine, 
unlike many varieties that make rank growth. 
An old vine cut back in the fall or spring 
will, in a single season, cover a large porch 
with healthy and attractive dark green foliage, 
that retains its beauty until late in the fall. 


272 


WITHOUT ANY SORT OF PROTECTION 


In August or September it is covered with 
such a thick mass of delicately fragrant 
white flowers that several hundred blossoms 
may be counted on a single square foot of 
the vine. It thrives in shady places as well 
as in full sunshine, but when planted in the 
shade the soil should be extra rich. This 
vine will stand 4o degrees or 50 degrees 
below zero, Fahrenheit, with root protection, 
and no protection is required if the mini- 
mum temperature does not go lower than 
about 25 degrees below. But it took me 
several years to learn that, unlike most vines 
of exceptional hardiness, it should not be 
planted until both air and soil are thoroughly 
warm in the spring. Planted with the 
dahlias late in May, it is sure to thrive even 
though the roots are received from the 
nursery apparently too far advanced for 
satisfactory results; but planted in Apmil, 
it will probably rot unless the month ABE ers 
to be abnormally warm. 

Two or three large-flowering clematis 
are sufficiently hardy in a large portion of 
the Northwest, but they are planted less 
than formerly, owing to a tendency to blight. 
Clematis Jackmanni is satisfactory in the 


_— 


JANUARY, 1910 


southern half, but requires root protection 
farther north, and in the coldest localities 
it is not worth trying. The large single 
purple flowers, four to six inches across, are 
borne in wonderful profusion. Clematis 
Henryt, its white counterpart, is one of the 
best of the family, and has almost as large, 
creamy-white flowers that last a long time 
after they are cut. It will not stand severe 
winters, except where heavily protected. 


FLOWERING UNDER NEGLECT 


Rivaling Clematis paniculata for excellence 
as a flowering vine, except that it is not reli- 
ably hardy where the temperature drops lower 
than about 25 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, 
is the trumpet creeper (Bignonia radicans); 
but it stands more neglect than any other 
standard flowering vine in the Northwest, 
and, unlike the Chinese wistaria, a well- 
established trumpet creeper often remains 
a magnificent specimen year after year, 
with’ little or no attention. The vine looks 
well throughout the growing season. Hum- 
ming birds abound where the vines are 
numerous, and usually may be seen hover- 
ing over the large trumpet-shaped flowers. 
The blooming period may be prolonged by 
removing the flowers as fast as they fade. 
As far north as Upper Iowa the vine grows 
to the top of buildings where support is 
provided. It was of this vine that an Amer- 
ican poet once wrote: 

“The most wonderful climber I ever saw 
was the trumpet vine of the West. It grew 
on the banks of the Mississippi, climbing 
to the tops of the immense primeval trees, 
bursting out there into great clarion-like 
flowers.” 

Thriving in the southern half of the 
Northwest, but of uncertain hardiness in 
more northern localities, the Chinese wis- 
taria (Wistaria Sinensis) is a vine that 
increases in value and interest with age, pro- 
vided all dead wood is carefully removed 


Clematis Jackmanni thrives with root protection 
except in the coldest regions. Flowers purple 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Climbing roses do well in the Northwest, if taken 
down and covered in winter 


early each spring. This annual pruning 
not only improves the appearance of the vine, 
but greatly increases the number of magnif- 
icent violet-blue flower clusters that are its 
glory. Bare spots are easily covered by 
training the young shoots downward. Noth- 
ing in my garden is more highly valued 
than a wistaria which is more than twenty- 
five years old. 

The scarlet trumpet honeysuckle (Lonz- 
cera sempervirens) is one of the hardiest 
vines of the Northwest and gives satisfac- 
tion everywhere. It needs a severe pruning 
every spring for best results. Its beautiful 


f 


| 
L 


Trumpet creeper rivals Japanese clematis: not so 


hardy, but stands neglect 


273 


scarlet flowers, an inch and a half long, 
are produced all summer in moderation, and 
like those of the trumpet creeper, are a fav- 
orite of humming birds. 

In the southern half of the Northwest 
Hall’s Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera Jap- 
onica, var. Halleana) is grown with success, 
but must be heavily protected if tried else- 
where. Otherwise it is a vine of exceptional 
merit, and a perpetual bloomer, with frag- 
rant white flowers that turn yellow. There 
is no better vine for covering wire and wooden 
fences, trellises, etc. When the roots are 
carefully protected in winter it is no serious 
drawback if the tops kill back, owing to the 
very rapid growth that the vine makes when 
the roots have not been injured. 

A rank-growing vine with large, green 
eaves, and inconspicuous yellowish flowers 
during the early summer, is the climbing 
bittersweet (Celastrus scandens). The orange- 
colored fruit is borne in clusters, and 
the berries are very beautiful when they 
open in the autumn. It endures extreme cold. 

Several climbing roses are very satis- 
factory in the Northwest, but in the coldest 
sections they must be taken down in winter 
and heavily protected. Two old favorites 
are Crimson Rambler and Prairie Queen, 
while Dorothy Perkins, the new double pink 
rambler, and Lady Gay, the new single 
cherry—pink rambler, are excellent varieties. 


FOR BRICK AND STONE WALLS 


The only two self-supporting vines for 
growing on brick and stone walls in the 
Northwest are Japan or Boston ivy (Ampe- 
lopsis Vettchi) and Engelmann’s Virginia 
creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia, var. Engel- 
mannt). It is unfortunate that the former, 
which is the better clinging vine of the two, 
is often injured during severe winters even 
with root protection, and it is unsafe to plant 
where the temperature is likely to fall lower 
than about 15 degrees or 20 degrees below 


Chinese wistaria, of uncertain hardiness in the more 


northern sections. Remove dead wood early inspring 


274 


zero Fahrenheit, except in 
very sheltered locations on 
the east or north side of 
buildings. The Boston ivy 
changes to various shades 
of scarlet and gold in the 
autumn, and retains its 
foliage somewhat later 
than the Virginia creeper. 

Englemann’s Virginia 
creeper is entirely hardy 
anywhere in the North- 
west. It has a clinging 
habit similar to that of 
Boston ivy, and is an ex- 
cellent vine for growing on 
brick and stone in loca- 
tions where the ivy is too 
tender. It is much planted for this pur- 
pose at St. Paul, and gives fine satisfaction. 
Like the common Virginia creeper, its beau- 
tiful foliage turns to a brilliant crimson soon 
after the first frosts of autumn. 

Vines that are expected to shade and beau- 


An Amateur’s Struggle with a Bare Lot—By Robert Mayer, '%. 


Boston ivy growing at Dubuque, Iowa. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


below zero. Shows slight injury at one end 


tify the home for a generation or two (and 
why plant any other?) cannot be planted 
too carefully. Spring is the best time to 
plant in the Northwest. If the soil next 
to the house is poor, as usually is the case, 
a large hole two feet deep should be dug 


The preceding winter the temperature was 20 degrees 


JANUARY, 1910 


for each vine and filled with 
good soil well mixed with 
old manure or commercial 
fertilizer. Set the vine a 
little deeper than it was 
planted in the nursery, and 
cut the tops back to within 
a foot or so of the roots. 
It is a mistake to train 
the vines on the house or 
porch with strings or weak 
chicken wire when a good, 
rigid support, made of 
heavy galvanized wire that 
will last a lifetime can . 
be purchased for about 
ten cents a square foot. 
It may be made any length 
or width desired, and of course should 
be painted. Keep the vines well watered 
and the top soil about the roots loose 
for the first year or two, and they will 
make an amazing growth and become 
thoroughly established. 


Penn- 


A MATTER-OF-FACT RECITAL OF THE AUTHOR’S ENTRY INTO GARDENING—THE DEVELOPMENT 
OF A SENSE OF FITNESS AND THE SUCCESSFUL ESTABLISHMENT OF A GARDEN OF WILD FLOWERS 


HIS is written for the benefit of those 

who are inclined to imagine that the 

only thing to be done with a city lot is to 

have a lawn, some rose bushes, a few geran- 

iums, pansies, etc., just like hundreds of 
others are doing. 

When we decided to purchase a house in 
a suburb of Philadelphia and make it our 
home, the only knowledge of gardening I 
had was obtained during a two years’ stay 
in a rented city house, with a patch of lawn 
in the front and rear. I planted a little 
grass, some lady-slippers, a few pansies, a 
row of nasturtiums, and one or two other 
things. Some palms and ferns were pre- 
sented to us, but for want of proper care 
they almost perished. 

Such was the fund of knowledge I had as 
an equipment when I tackled so much of 
the 20 by too foot lot as was not taken up 
by our house, the steps leading thereto and 
the cement walks all around it. That about 
a third of the area was left for gardening will 
be seen by the drawing showing the general 
ground plan. 

I was further burdened with duties that 
occupied my time during most of the day- 
light hours, often from early morning till late 
at night. So my conquest was not the leis- 
ure work, or pleasure, of one who has the 
time to carefully study conditions, needs, 
tastes, etc., and then spend lots of time 
pottering around and working out plans; 
it was rather the stern and difficult task of 
one who has little time to strike, must strike 
intensely hard when the opportunity affords, 
and who looks back and wonders how he 
could possibly have accomplished such 
results as spread themselves out before him. 

When, in February, 1906, I faced the 


proposition of changing a bare lot into a 
wild flower garden, I found that the lot had 
been leveled up with an average fill of 
twelve inches of real, sticky clay, embellished 
with the remains of the broken slag and 
cement used in constructing the cement 
walks, also with brickbats and stones of 
various sizes, likewise remains of laths and 
plaster, old pieces of leather, a few cans and 
the like. The only thing green was the sod 
that had been laid in front to keep the ter- 
race from washing away, while in the plant 
line there was nothing but the privet hedge 
along the sides and back of the lot. 

The first problem was alawn. Feeling cer- 
tain grass would not grow in the clay, fill, 
with its enrichment, I undertook the job of 
getting good soil by the galvanized bucket- 
ful, and putting a layer, several inches thick, 
on top of the clay. Some of the neighbor- 
ing ground around our lot had not been dis- 
turbed by the builders, and I was able to dig 
up fairly good, rich top soil. It seemed an 
endless task to get enough such soil to put 
on a two-inch layer on all the bare surface 
we had to cover, about 7oo square feet. 
Sodding was too expensive, I thought, and 
there was no telling what kinds of grass we 
would get by that method of making a lawn. 
Where to buy good soil, was also a prob- 
lem. So I stuck it out and eventually got 
enough top soil for my purpose, though I 
frequently carried soil in the early morn- 
ing hours and often in the evening by moon- 
light and lantern. 

Having enough soil, I raked it fine, leveled 
it, and sowed the seed. It came up nicely 
for a while, but the hard pan of clay under- 
neath was certainly an obstacle to a good 
lawn. 


The lawn did not come along very well, 
and I fed it with bone meal and wood ashes; 
later I sprinkled air-slaked lime on the 
lawn, thinking it needed sweetening. These 
did not help very much, so I decided that 
the only way, though it was heroic treat- 
ment, was to spade up the whole lawn, 
turn the soil, and begin anew. This was 
done in the fall of 1907. The soil was left 
as spaded, and to it I added sieved ashes 
and cow manure, and left the sun and rain 
to do their work of breaking up the clay. 
In the spring of 1908, I turned under the 
ashes and manure, raked the surface fine, 
reseeded it, and was rewarded with a fairly 
good lawn; but, oh, so many weeds appeared 
with a-lot of crab-grass that spread so beau- 
tifully,‘and I had a long fight to rid the lawn 
of,,them. A careful and continuous atten- 
tion has, however, given me a lawn that is 
in a very fair condition. I now make it a 
rule to mow it often and keep it short, leaving 
most of the cuttings lie as a mulch. Similar 
treatment was given to the other little grass 
plots in the front of the house. 

While working with the lawn, I was like- 
wise laying out and planting a garden. As 
needs presented themselves, new tools were 
purchased, and many useful little helps were 
constructed, until now, after three years’ 
experience, I find myself pretty thoroughly 
equipped for anything that is to be done 
about my garden. 

At first I showed what a novice I was by 
planting a Catalpa speciosa in the middle of 
the lawn and surrounding the base with 
violets, wild geraniums, etc. In addition, 
rose bushes, one a General Jacqueminot and 
the other a Hermosa, were planted in two 
of the corners, some iris in another corner 


JANUARY, 1910 


and a Hydrangea paniculata in the remain- 
ing corner. On the top of the terrace, in 
front of the house, I planted an Engleman 
spruce in the middle, guarded on each side 
by a box bush trained in tree form. After 
a little study I saw the error of my ways, 
and how stuffy and close the lawn looked; 
so the hydrangea and iris were moved, 
while the roses were later worked into the 
border. The catalpa (which I planted my- 
self, as it was a rule in my garden that all 
the planting must be done by me and not by 
nurserymen, for I wanted to learn by get- 
ting my hand in the dirt and knowing the 
plant from root to topmost stem) gradually 
died and helped me do easily what would 
otherwise have been a very painful opera- 
tion, viz., giving up the central bed of my 
garden. The spruce and the box took 
hold so well that I have never had the cour- 
age to move them and there they stand, 
fine specimens, but poorly placed. 

After a few such spasms, my neighbor 
persuaded me to make my garden, as nearly 
as possible, a perennial wild flower garden, 
the flowers to be obtained from those local- 
ities where I myself could get them. Except 
in special instances, this general plan was 
adhered to, and to-day I have a garden that, 
in miniature, is a fair representation of the 
large old gardens where lawn fades into 
plants, growing low among larger plants, 
with trees in their midst, that, altogether, 
gives the garden the effect of a large and 
cozy enclosure. 

The lawn started and planting begun was 
a sign for cats and dogs to enjoy the softness 
of the newly stirred earth; it had a strange 
attraction for them. The hedge was not 
large or thick enough to keep them out, so 
gardening was suspended till an open hair- 
pin iron fence was erected: This done, 
planting started in earnest, but before any 
plant was placed in the ground it was neces- 
sary to dig a hole at least twelve to eighteen 
inches deep, with a diameter suitable to the 
size of the lant intended to be set, through 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


the hard clay, slag, etc., ewe 20~-Diivision 
till the old level was 
reached. The clay was 
carried out in buckets 
and thrown away, and 
good top soil was ob- 
tained from different 
unused lots nearby and 
put in the hole and thor- 
oughly mixed with the 
old soil at the old level. 
Sometimes I would dig 
up a whole section of - 
border, say five or six 
feet long, and twelve to 
eighteen inches wide, 
and replace the old 
clay with good top soil. 
It was frequently a 
day’s job, but it cer- 
tainly paid in results. . 
Often I have dug these & 
holes by lamplight for 
want of time during the 
day, and not infre- 
quently I was digging 
before 6 A. M. A woods 
nearby, quite thick with 
trees, furnished a fair 
supply of leaf mold, 
which was obtained in 
baskets and fréely 
mixed with the soil for * 
the plants. 

The open space im- 
mediately in: front of 
the house, facing due 
north and getting prac- 
tically no sun, was used 
for a fern bed and for shade-loving flowers. 
It was dug up, enriched with top soil, with 
plenty of leaf mold added, and is now thriv- 
ing with many ferns, the osmundas, clay- 
tonias, royal fern (one plant of which I dug 
up in New Jersey and brought home in a 
basket), maidenhair (one plant of which I 
brought home from Chester County wrapped 


Division 


/00° 


} Grass Plat rete. § E 
Incline Ks 
of rerrace 


Par 
20’ 


. Street (Cartway) 


275 


in a newspaper), and others, also a nice speci- 
men of hepatica, some bloodroot, a patch 
of wild geranium, some false spikenard, 
also Solomon’s seal and a good specimen of 
meadow rue, the latter all obtained from 
woods and meadows not very far away. 

On the front porch is a Virginia creeper, 
a spray of which I secured nearby and 
planted; underneath it is a Crimson Rambler 
rose. At the left of the porch is a wistaria, 
with a Japanese honeysuckle mixed in with 
it. Ona shelf in front of the porch some 
house plants enjoy their summer outing. 

At the extreme left of the top of the ter- 
race 1s a young dogwood (Cornus florida), 
that I obtained from the woods myself and 
planted. I always enjoy telling about it. 
Having tried dogwoods several times and 
failed, as I did with a number of other plants 
and trees, I determined on one more trial. 
First I asked several nurserymen, with 
whom I had been dealing, about the best 
time to move a dogwood. ‘‘In the fall only, 
not in the spring,”’ they said; I had also fre- 
quently seen it so stated in the garden maga- 
zines. But this was the spring of 1908, 
and I determined to go ahead in spite of 
professional advice. So I selected a sym- 
metrical young tree in a woods nearby, then 
drove the spade as far as possible into the 
ground all around the tree and about a foot 
from the centre. Then I let the tree rest for 
about a week, dug a hole in the terrace where 
I intended placing it, prepared the soil, took 
a large bag and started off for my tree. 
Having first trimmed the tree, I dug it up 
with as much of a ball of earth as would 
cleave to the roots, wrapped it carefully in 
the bag, carried it home on my shoulder, 
unpacked it, put it in the hole prepared for 
it, sprinkled the soil in among the roots care- 
fully, and gently tamped it, added more soil, 
and tamped more until the hole was filled; 
then watered it carefully and thoroughly, 
and the tree established itself and is grow- 
ing beautifully. 

In my garden I have a good specimen 


Front and rear ends of the yard back of a house built ona 20 x 100 ft. lot. 


bordering the sides and back of the lot 


About three years ago the yard was bare of everything except a privet hedge 


276 


of pussy willow, a fine honey locust, a maple, 
a catalpa speciosa, a wild cherry, a tulip 
poplar, and a horse chestnut (buckeye), all 
of which, except the first, I dug up, carried 
home, and planted myself in much the same 
manner as I handled the dogwood. The 
horse chestnut I found by a roadside, and 
dug it up with a stick. 

I have been out for plants early in the 
morning, on Saturday afternoons, and often 
in the evening. A clump of the tall meadow 
rue was planted by the aid of alamp! I had 
to avail myself of every possible moment, and 
some strange moments there were, to be sure. 

My garden also has a small cedar, golden- 
rods, a number of wild asters, a large clump 
of boneset, some wood ferns, several dif- 
ferent kinds of milkweed, including a clump 
of the butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), 
some hawk-weed, several patches of wild 
geranium, blood-root, and wood violets, some 
iron-weed, a fine specimen of the swamp 
rose mallow,’ several fine chicory plants, 
a wild azalea, an elder bush, some bouncing- 
bet, a fine clump of Joe-pye weed, some 
Lilium superbum, and_ star-of-Bethlehem; 
mixed in with all these are money-wort, 
Jack-in-the-pulpit, may-apples, tall true 
Solomon’s seal, poke-weed, spikenard and 
false Solomon’s seal, with mint and spear- 
mint to add pungency. All of the above I 
obtained myself from places nearby, none 
of them over a day’s travel. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


On my trips I took a large, round, rattan 
basket, some soft twine, a number of news- 
papers, and a strong trowel made of an old 
army trenching bayonet; it was long and 
broad, ended in a fairly sharp point, had 
one sharp edge, and a heavy centre rib, 
making it very strong and _ serviceable. 
Before I learned the worth of this trowel I 
had fooled with many poorer, weaker ones. 
When I came upon a plant that was a good 
specimen, it was dug up, the roots wrapped 
carefully in a piece of newspaper, and put 
in the basket. I made it a rule to plant 
what I obtained as soon as I got home, which 
was sometimes late —and sometimes quite 
early, in those instances when I started 
shortly after sunrise. 

If the plants were put in during the heat 
of the day, they were shaded a few days, 
and the need for it enabled me to work out 
a collapsible frame, which ‘can be placed 
over the newly set plant and covered with 
bagging or paper. 

What I have said regarding the plan of 
work with regard to one plant is true of 
them all. I aimed to get the plants of the 
different seasons, beginning with the blood- 
root and hepatica, and ending with the wild 
asters and golden-rods. Further, I aimed 
to keep the tall plants back, and the lower 
ones front, all arranged to form an irregular 
border-line as indicated in the illustrated 
ground plan. 


JANUARY, 1910 


At each corner of the back end of the 
garden were two posts of usual height and 
style; these I replaced with two sixteen-foot 
natural cedar posts and planted Clematis 
paniculata at their base. 

To my wild flowers I added some regular 
hardy plants obtained from the nurseries; 
several peonies, altheas, a lilac bush, a 
mallow, some rudbeckia, also iris, several 
hardy phlox, and a kudzu vine that proved 
its reputation for rapid growing. This kudzu 
is trained over a sort of framework made of 
cedar posts and acts as a screen over and 
around the sand pile maintained for the 
children. As a screen to the back porch 
I planted the cinnamon vine, with sweet peas 
in front of it. A hedge plant at one corner, 
and a hydrangea at another corner help to 
hide the gate between the sand pile and the 
porch. 

A few of the wild flowers I brought did 
not take kindly to their new home, and 
gradually died, or did not come up the next 
year. One of these was the Cypripedium 
acaule. Some plants that did get started 
threatened to run us out of the garden, as 
for instance the Virginia day flower. 

Often plants that were laboriously obtained 
and carefully planted, had to be taken out 
as being too large or too unwieldy. Fre- 
quently small plants had to be taken up 
and put out front, or their location changed, 
and so I constantly plan and labor. 


Penn- 


Really Efficient Pruning Tools—By J. Lukens Kayan, 5%. 


Epitor’s Note.— The present article is in continuation of the series which deals with gardening tools for special purposes, telling 
§ 


the reader how to select the tools that will fully serve his purpose, and pointing out why special appliances are fitted to special cases. 


The 


one common error of most beginners in gardening is to buy tools that are light and inefficient, simply because they are cheap. It 1s a 
false economy, and Mr. Kayan’s articles are designed to help the reader to decide on what appliances he really needs.| 


F ALL the tools used in and about the 
garden, probably the average person 

has less appreciation of the fitness of the 
various pruning tools than of any others. 
This is due, perhaps, chiefly to the fact that 
the art of pruning is itself very little under- 
stood, and therefore a proper appreciation 
of the appliances cannot be reached. I 
believe that inasmuch as the tools are very 
largely an outgrowth of the circumstances 
and are designed to fit specific uses, a little 
study from the tool to its use would result 
actually in more intelligent care and pruning 
of trees and shrubs. The one great danger 
in pruning is a tendency to allow the growth 
to become too large before it is removed. 
The plain, ordinary pruning knife, used 


High-grade pruning shears, nine inches. Will cut 
anything under one inch in diameter 


intelligently, all through the season, will 
usually obviate the necessity of using any 
of the larger tools. But it takes skilled 
knowledge to realize what the ultimate 
development of a tree or shrub will be, and 
therefore reliance must be had on the larger, 
more powerful tools for remedying defects 
later on. This is true even with competent 
horticulturists, and the amateur gardener 
need not feel unduly disturbed over the fact 
that his trees, at times, seem to be running 
out of control. In the present article the 
art of pruning cannot be discussed —it is 
a subject all to itself. I am concerned only 
with the intelligent selection of the proper 
tools and getting the greatest efficiency for 
the money expended. 

The one essential in all pruning work that 
must always be insisted on is that the surface 
of the cut, whether it be a one-eighth twig 
or a large branch, must be clean and smooth, 
not ragged and rough. Nature soon heals 
a clean-cut wound; a rough, ragged one 
heals slowly, causing small branches to die 
back to the next bud; in large ones decay 
often starts and works down into the trunk 
of the tree, causing permanent injury and 
eventually killing it. 


To secure clean, smooth cuts requires 
sharp tools; none but first quality ones can 
be kept in such condition. Good tools are 
more important here than in any other 
branch of horticulture. In cultivating, extra 
labor or energy may be expended to com- 
pensate for the use of an inferior tool; but 
in pruning none but first class tools will 
continue to produce the proper results and 
no amount of labor or care expended in their 
use will make poor pruning tools do first class 
work. In the selection of any tool, price is 
generally a good guide as to quality, which 


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f x ze cn Sa 


Bill-hook and slashing-knife. Useful for rough 
clearing and where there is much hedging 


JANUARY, 1910 


can only be proved by use; first class tools 
are always well finished and equipped with 
the best of handles; poor ones, while not 
always deficient in finish, generally have 
poor quality handles. 


HEDGE SHEARS 


To secure privacy in the home grounds 
requires that these grounds be fenced, as 
my experience has proved that those 
who occupy unfenced land have no rights 
that the public are bound to respect; and 
one way to largely prevent trespassing and 
the accompanying evils of mutilation, destruc- 


tion and theft is the erection of a substantial, 


line or road fence. There is nothing more 
attractive or effective than a living one; all 
wood or iron fences are expensive to erect 
and maintain; more or less an eyesore no 
matter how neat. A fence of living green is 
an ornament to any place and has but one 
expense; that is the first cost, which is small 
compared to the cost of any other. 

While many plants, including evergreens, 
are used to some extent for fence purposes, 
there is one that is more largely used than 
any other, the misnamed California privet 
(Ligustrum ovalifolium). It has many 
excellent qualities to recommend it: the 
beautiful green of its foliage and freedom 
from insect pests; it thrives under conditions 
that many other hedge plants will not; will 
stand any amount of pruning and can 
be kept at any height up to the limit of 
its growth. 

The large quantities of this shrub used 
for fence purposes has caused the hedge 
shear to’ be very extensively used. Two 
forms of this tool are illustrated. In the first 
one the blades are made of sheet steel; are 
broad and pivoted to one side; on the opposite 
side is a bolt working in a slot; this serves 
to keep the blades in contact; both pivot 
and contact bolts are held in place by bind- 
ing nuts on the back. A pin in the lower 
blade acts as a bumper and prevents the 
blades from closing too far. This form has 
proved a serviceable, clean cutting, easy 
working shear, but is not nearly as well 
known or as extensively used as the forged 
shear to the right. 

A first class shear of this pattern is all 
forged steel, has but one bolt and the shank 
just back of the pivot bolt forms a bumper; 
contact to the points is secured by a slight 
bend or spring in the blades, the same as 
in shears used for the cutting of cloth, etc. 

There are some shears with a notch in the 
lower portion of the blade for the cutting of 


thick branches; one has teeth on the blade 


to assist them to cut. If the hedge is main- 
tained as it should be, and pruned at the 
proper times, there will be no need of either 
notches or teeth; in fact, itis a waste of growth 
to allow the branches to grow thick and 
woody before trimming; it also makes the 
hedge unsightly until new growth can hide 
such unnecessary mutilation that can only 
be occasioned by the lack of care. 


PRUNING SHEARS 


While the hedge shear is a much used tool, 
there are more pruning shears in use than 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


any other form of pruning tool. With it 
all kinds of shrubs, berry bushes, grape 
vines and small branches of trees can 
be quickly trimmed. A good one will 
cut branches up to about one inch in 
diameter. 

Less attention appears to be paid to 
quality in the purchase of this tool than in 
any other. This is partly occasioned by 
hardware and implement dealers making 
special efforts to call attention to those shears 
that sell for from 35 to 60 cents, while the 
high grade ones, costing from $1.50 to $2.25, 
are kept in boxes on their shelves and not 
offered unless asked for. This is a mistake, 
at least for the purchaser; a cheap shear 
is dear at any price, although the dealer 
may reap more-profit from selling you several 
poor ones than if he sold you one pair of 
good ones. A good pruning shear will 
outwear several cheap ones and do better 
work all along; new blades can also be 
purchased to fit the high grade shear. 

An explanation of the difference between 
the two grades of shear may serve to explain 
why the cheaper one does poor work. The 
high grade one is forged of tool steel and the 
clutching blade is hardened as well as the 
detachable cutting blade, and preserves a 
straight, smooth, sharp edge that assists in 
preserving a keen edge on the cutting blade. 
The low quality or cheap shears are cast, 
except the cutting blade, are not hardened 
and the clutching blade gets nicked and 
rough and bent out of shape; this in turn 
nicks and dulls the cutting blade and will not 
produce a smooth surface on the branch cut. 


THE BERRY PRUNER 


A berry hook greatly facilitates the cutting 
out of old rapsberry and blackberry canes, 
which is a necessary operation, as the old 
canes should be cut out as soon as they are 
through fruiting, to make room for a strong 


— 4 


a re 


Three tools that do their work better than any sub- 
stitutes: lopping shears, berry hook and pruning saw 


i 


Hedge shears will keep growth under control. Sheet 
steel to the left; forged steelto the right 


growth of new canes for fruiting next year. 
When the pruning shears are used for this 
purpose is necessitates stooping directly 
among the bushes and makes the work very 
unpleasant on account of the uncomfortable 
position and the danger of having your face 
scratched by the thorns. With this hook 
the operator stands erect and placing the 
blade in the rear of the cane to be cut gives a 
quick pull forward and upward and the cane 
is severed. A trial will convince any one 
of the greater ease of manipulation than 
when using the pruning shear. The blade is 
riveted into the handle so it will not pull out. 


THE LOPPING SHEAR 


For lopping off branches too large for the 
pruning shear this special tool is really 
valuable, also for thinning shrubbery or 
cutting back an overgrown hedge. The 
long handles allow the operator to cut 
branches in positions that would render 
the use of the pruning shears awkward. 
The length of the handles also gives sufficient 
leverage to make such cutting easy. The 
cutting and gripping blades are similar in 
shape to those of the pruning shear but 
heavier. There is now on the market a new 
lopping shear with two concave sharp blades; 
this construction is intended to do away 
with the bruising of the bark of heavy 
branches by the clutching blade of the 
ordinary shear. 


THE PRUNING SAW 


For the cutting of branches too large for 
the pruning shear, the pruning saw will 
make a better job than the lopping shear, as 
the gripping blade of the latter tool bruises 
the bark. For this the pruning saw has 
fairly fine teeth to produce a smooth cut, and 
a narrow blade that enables it to be used in 
positions in which the ordinary hand saw 
could not; this is practically its only advan- 
tage over the ordinary hand saw. It is 
also furnished so that a pole of any desired 
length can be attached for the cutting of 
high branches; but it is a difficult matter 
to make a first class job of long range 
pruning. 


278 


While it may not be absolutely necessary, 
a small iron plane (one in which the blade 
can be set with a milled head screw is pref- 
erable, as it is of easy adjustment) is also 
excellent for smoothing the cut surface, as 
it is impossible to make the cut surface too 
smooth. The smoother the cut surface. 
the more quickly it will heal over and there- 
fore the less liable to decay; also the closer 
the limb is cut to the trunk the better; in 
fact, it should be flush with it if possible. 

The best way to sever a large branch is 
to make a cut from the under side about 
two inches from the trunk and one-third 
the way through; then start at the top and 
as close to the trunk as possible and cut all 
the way through. When cut far enough to 
fall this will prevent splintering of the bark 
or wood of the tree trunk, and if made 
smooth and given a coat of white lead will 
heal over very quickly, without leaving a 
disfiguring scar on the trunk of the tree. In 
removing very heavy limbs it is well to cut 
off by sections. 


TREE-PRUNERS 


In the hands of an intelligent user the 
tree-pruner is indispensable for heading back 
branches that show a tendency to outgrow 
all the others; or for checking the growth 
of some shoot that exhibits a desire to out- 
grow the leader. Many trees have a ten- 
dency to throw up two leaders, if one is 
not checked the tree will have two trunks, 
each one having branches on one side only. 
The pear is much addicted to this habit. 
When heavily fruited the weight will some- 
times pull them over and may break them 
off. At best each one can have but half the 
strength it should have and all the weight 
on one side only. 


ee first GARDEN Macazine planting 
contest is over. About five hundred 
boys and girls have competed individually, 
and fifteen schools and associations entered. 

The prizes fell into two classes, the first for 
individuals, and the second for groups, such 
as schools and associations. First, second 
and third prizes were given in Class I. The 
first prize a set of four books from the Gar- 
den Library, namely: “‘The Flower Gar- 
den,” ‘‘The Vegetable Garden,” ‘The 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


There are several forms of tree pruners, all 
of which have merit and no mistake will 
be made in purchasing any one of them. 
Of the two shown the one to the left is con- 
structed of sheet metal riveted together and 
to the wood pole or handle which must 
be purchased attached. The cutting blade 
works between the clutching blades; it is 
operated by a lever attached to the pole at 
the lower end and to a wire rod shown 
fastened to the outer end of the blade; it 
is forced open after use by the lever and rod 
and a coil spring not shown. This pruner 
possesses the advantage of cutting from 


bow 


You need a tree pruner to check over-vigorous 
branches and for summer pruning 


A CONTEST MEANS MORE THAN WIN- 
NING OR LOSING A PRIZE; IT MEANS 


GAINING GREATER EXPERIENCE TO 
BUILD UPON FOR THE NEXT PIECE OF 
WORK. IT MEANS, TOO, THE JOY OF 
MEASURING ONESELF AGAINST OTHERS 


Conducted by 
ELLEN EDDY SHAW 


New York 


Orchard and Fruit Garden,” and ‘“‘House 
Plants and How to Grow Them.” The 
second prize consists of two books, ‘The 
Flower Garden,’ and “The Vegetable 
Garden.” For third prizes a year’s sub- 
scription is given to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. 
The prize offered in Class IT is a complete set 
of The Nature Library. A list of prize 
winners in both classes is given on page 294. 

So much of interest arises in connection 
with the individual prizes that it seems best 


JANUARY, 1910 


both sides, all other patterns must be hooked 
on the branch to be cut with the blade 
toward the outside, or the portion that will 
be cut off. 

The other one is made of forged steel 
and with socket handle connection; dif- 
ferent length handles may be attached for 
work on trees of different heights. This 
cuts from one side only and is forced open 
by the spiral spring shown; it is operated’ 
by pulling on the rope attached to the 
extended arm of the cutting blade. 


SLASHING-KNIFE AND BILL-HOOK 


Two tools for which the average person 
will have little use are the slashing-knife 
and bill-hook. The former is similar to 
the Spanish or Cuban machete. Although 
not making as clean a job as the particular 
man would desire in his pruning it is wonder- 
fully efficient in rough work, as for cutting 
paths through thickets or the cutting and 
slashing of heavy shrubbery or underbrush 
in woods. 

I have not as yet found much use for 
this tool or the cleaver-like bill-hook. The 
curved edge of the blade is sharp from the 
handle to the point, the straight edge portion 
at the back is sharp also, so that either 
portion may be used for the trimming of 
shrubbery or underbrush. It is a handy 
tool for general use, however, and in England 
where hedges abound, is always found in the 
gardener’s: equipment. 

Few who do not have large. properties to 
tend will find use for either the slashing-knife 
or bill-hook. On the well-kept medium 
size or small country place more care is 
(or should be) exercised in the work of 
pruning than can be in the use of these tools, 
intended for wholesale trimming. 


to discuss only this one class this month. 
And even with just this alone we might fill 
several pages of the magazine with just the 
letters of the children who entered the race; 
so you boys and girls will find that your 
letters have been cut down, they just had to 
be. Some of you might take up a special 
topic out of your letters and write separate 
articles on just one point. For example, 
Frank Woods might tell us just how he treats 
his asters to have such success; Jane Musser, 


! 


JANUARY, 1910 


how she made her hot- 
bed; Harvey McArthur 
how to make a garden in 
wretched soil; and Roger 
Perry, well — Roger Perry 
has lots of practical things 
about successful garden- 
ing he will tell later. Now 
you see that in a contest 
we have to drop out 
special stories and deal 
with them by themselves. 

We had a hard time 
under C division of Class 
I, that is, for the -best 
vegetables raised in a home 
garden. It was almost 
impossible to decide. In 
fact, no one person’s work 
stood out above another’s. 
So no first prize was given, 
but several seconds and 
thirds. The first prize win- 
ners in the other divisions 
had set such a standard 
that no one left in C could 
quite reach it. And so that 
left a number of you closely 
tied for a second place. You are the ones 
to reach the top next year. See where you 
can improve over this year’s work. Some 
have the weather, others poor soil, and 
others yet the hens to thank for putting 
them back. But it is your business to 
conquer conditions. 

No one was permitted to enter more than 
one race. In a contest where so many boys 
and girls enter it is hardly fair to let one 
person enter several classes. 

Some of you sent in your compositions 
beautifully written and labeled for the 
class and section you wished to enter. 
Some others sent in 
work unmarked, 
leaving it to us to 
place them where 
we pleased. That 
is not the way to do. 
We did our best, but 
it is not fair to us. 
We wish you to en- 
ter the race you 
prefer to enter. So 
learn a lesson from 
this, and if you are 
entering the bulb 
contest write def- 
nitely ; for example: 
One pot of six daf- 
fodils; Van Sion. 

Some of you, like the Groton contestants, 
had teachers testify to your good work. 
Others had parents write a note with theirs. 
When we cannot visit the gardens that is a 
splendid way to do. Just as we write on a 
check to stand back of its value, so have 
some one write to us to stand back of 
your value as a gardener. We are willing 
to trust you, but the other way is better 
business. 

One girl, you will notice, made out a gar- 
den record, which was simple, and told the 
story well. A boy sent in his largest prod- 


The size of a boy does 
not always determine the 
size of his plants 


This 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


garden is planted on land filled in by the boy himself 


uct, a tomato, a letter about his work and 
a statement from his father. That made 
it easy for us to judge of his work. 

Next year those having third place will 
work up to first or second; those at first 
will work for more books for their libraries. 
Perhaps some of you will try to specialize 
on one thing among the others you plant, 
giving that a great deal of thought and care, 
as one boy did with his asters and another 
did with his melons. 

Would you like to know the very young- 
est competitor? It was a little boy named 
John, living up in Ardonia, New York. 
John is five years old, and planted potatoes. 
Of course he could not do quite all the work 
on them. Another year perhaps he can do 
it all, and win out against you big fellows. 
One girl who had _ no garden spot, planted in 
a box, so you see there are people who can 
garden without a piece of ground. That is 
plucky work. 

It is a good race which is closed now, and 
you ran it well. Next year more of us will 
get at it and you prize winners of this year 
must help the others out. 

Below we print some of the most note- 
worthy letters of the contestants: 


Saved by the Snow 


Age 5th I sowed my vegetable seed in a 
hot-bed, 4 x 4 feet. 

April 27th, I transplanted 1,000 lettuce plants. 
That same night it snowed and was very cold. 
When I got up next morning I thought I had lost 
all my plants, but later found out after the weather 
became so cold this blanket of snow was sent to keep 
my lettuce plants warm, and they were saved. So 
I kept on, planting and transplanting. I have 
raised forty-five varieties of vegetables this year, 
and have made from them $42.53. 

I have carrots, onions, beets, tomatoes, winter 
squash, pumpkins, red and Savoy cabbage, Brus- 
sels sprouts; all my celery is to be sold this fall, 
and my parsnips next spring. 

I am fifteen years old, and have had a garden 
every summer since I was eight. 

Worcester, Mass. ROGER NEWTON PERRY. 


279 


A Garden in Barry- 
LOW fleas N, nae 


@* May ist I started my 
garden work. 

I planted the seeds, which 
consisted of beans, beets, rad- 
ishes, and lettuce, and also a 
few flowers; the seed was given 
to me by the school. The rad- 
ishes were large and lasted for 
along time. I also had some 
very fine beets and beans. I 
worked in the garden after 
school, and during vacation. 

About June 22d I picked my 
first beans, which were large 
and green; the lettuce was also 
excellent. Rosr VAN WEY. 


My Garden on Rocks 


HE land where I have my 
garden was very rocky 
when I first started to work. 
I took out as many rocks as 
I could. 
There is a meadow near my 
house, and from it I hauled 


loam and leaf mould, and 
filled it in. 
The garden is 13% feet 


square, and the edges are sod- 
ded to form a terrace. 

There are nine flower beds 
with paths between them. In the beds there were: 
asters (five varieties), celosia (dwarf-giant-plumosa), 
balsams (single and double), nasturtiums (single and 
double), marigold (French-African), zinnias (giant 
Red Riding Hood), carnations (raised from seed I 
saved), schizanthus, sweet peas, dahlias, gladiolus, 
candy-tuft (giant), lilies (dwarf), scabiosa, stocks, 
salvia, tuberous begonia, snapdragon, Phlox Drum- 
mondt, mignonette, four-o’clock, petunias. 

I weeded the garden a little every day, and thor- 
oughly twice a week. I planted some of the seeds 
in hotbeds and boxes early in the season and 
transplanted into my garden during May and June; 
and the rest of the seed I planted in the open. 

I enjoy working among my flowers and hope to 
have a garden next year. 


Melrose, Mass. HARVEY McARTHOR. 


My Vegetable 
Garden 


HE dimensions of 
my garden were 
twenty feet long by ten 
feet wide, containing 
two hundred square 
feet. My brother 
plowed and harrowed 
it for me, and J raked 
it off and drew away 
the sod and stones. 

May 24th I planted 
corn and squash 
seed, which cost me 
four cents. As the 
corn did not come up 
well, I bought eleven 
tomato plants for 
twenty-eight cents. 

I hoed my garden about twice a week. 

When my father thinned his turnips he gave me 
eighteen plants, which I set out in the spare space. 

I began picking my ripe tomatoes August 25th. 
I had twenty-five quarts. JI received six cents 
a quart for twenty quarts, and five cents for 
the other five, and had one and a half bushels of 
green tomatoes, for which I received sixty-five 
cents a bushel. 

My squash weighed sixty-five pounds, the largest 
weighing fourteen pounds. I received four cents a 
pound for them. My turnips brought me twenty- 
five cents. 

The cost of my garden was fifty-six cents, so it 
left me four dollars and seven cents for my labor. 

Lanesboro. Mass. Grace E. CHADWICK. 


This lad raised twenty- 
three citron melons on 
two hills 


My 3x7 ft. Home Garden 


M* GARDEN is not very big; it is 7 feet by 

3 feet. The first thing I did was to send 
for my seeds. When I got my seeds I planted 
most of my seed in the house. I planted china 
pinks, phlox, verbenas, Sweet William, petunias, 
and asters. I planted them the twenty-first of 
April. Later I sowed one row of balsam, one of 
four-o’clocks, and one of mignonette, then I trans- 
planted my other flowers outdoors. 

Alford Centre, Mass. RutH KLINE. 


My Home Garden 


[* WAS rather late in the spring when I got the 
seeds for my garden. I chose nasturtiums, ver- 
benas, sweet peas and petunias, as they are among 
the flowers I like about the best. I started my 
verbena and petunia seeds in boxes, and later on 
my sweet peas in a cup of water. When the frost 
was out of the ground they were very small, so I 
waited a week or two. Then I planted them. 
The verbenas did not start to bloom till late in the 
summer, and they were at their best when the 
frost came. Now I shall have to wait till next sum- 
mer for a new garden. 
Clarksburg, Mass. 


A Flower Garden 


MY* GARDEN is 30 feet by 60 feet. The 

following seeds were sown in the hotbed: 
aster, balsams, salvia, geraniums, zinnia, lark- 
spur, ten weeks’ stock, snapdragon, cosmos, Japan- 
ese pinks, and golden glow. My asters finished 
blooming in August, but the balsams, salvia, and 
zinnia are still blooming (end of October). The 
perennial larkspur is blooming now, but the annual 
larkspur is through its blooming. 

I have a number of cuttings of geraniums I made 
myself. Both the chrysanthemums in pots and in 
the beds have buds. 

Chicago, Ill. 


DOROTHEA DUNLOP. 


EDWARD VLASAK. 


Vegetables Only 


M’* TEACHER gaye me seeds to plant my 

home garden with. My soil is sandy loam, 
and lies against a steep incline. I spaded it with 
care, and put on fertilizer. 

I planted lettuce, beans, radishes, and beets at 
first. I had put some tomato seeds in a box in 
the house. I planted Stone’s Early. I took rad- 
ishes out. for our table in about four weeks, and 
lettuce soon after. My first planting of these two 
vegetables soon ran out. Then I put in carrots 
and more beets, at the same time transplanted my 
tomato plants. I replanted my rows of beans for 
later use. ' 

My carrots and beets came right along. I thinned 
them for early use, and left the main crop for winter. 
I have more carrots than we can use, and expect 
to sell a nice lot. Iam going to put all the beets 
in the cellar for winter. I worked my garden 
before school and on Saturdays. 

My garden is about 30 x 50 feet. 
try to enlarge it next year. 

Barrytown, N. Y. NorMAN Borurick (Aged 14). 


I am going to 


Roger Perry cleared $42.53 from his vegetable 
garden this year 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


[his tomato, raised .by Everett Lins, just fitted 
into a strawberry basket 


Three Years’ Experience 
p 


M”* FIRST practical garden experience 

started three years ago when I joined 
Miss Miller’s class at Rosedale School. I won 
several dozen bulbs as a garden prize. © , 

These I planted with 300 tulip bulbs on Novem- 
ber 11th. I wanted a hotbed for early plants in the 
spring, and persuaded Papa to make it. I wheeled 
the fertilizer more than one block from our house, 
so I did not get the hotbeds in shape to plant until 
April 3d. : 

On April 3d, I planted nasturtiums, salvia, and 
asters. April 14th I planted verbenas. My first 
planting in the open ground was on April roth, 
when I planted peas. The first week in May I 
found that my plants in the hotbed were large 
enough to transplant. I then planted them in 
boxes two inches apart. As soon as the weather 
became warm enough I planted them in the open 
ground. 

I have had flowers blooming all summer, from 
tulips, crocus, narcissus, hyacinths, in April; 
Oriental poppies and larkspur, in May; roses in 
June; lilies in July; phlox, day-lilies, and tritomas 
in August; and hibiscus, four-o’clocks, asters, salvia 
and platycodon in September. 

Next spring I intend to work my garden again. 
If Iam successful, I shall make it my future business. 

MABEL JANE MusSSER (12 Years Old). 
6th Grade, Rosedale School, Cleveland, Ohio. 


A Garden for Five Years 


AM thirteen now, and have had a garden ever 
since I was eight. My main garden this year 
is 50 x 4o feet; this is aside from my garden, 
which is 30x 20 feet. I began the garden April 


rgth, and finished it May roth. 


A mass of blossoms raised by a small girl in the 
Berkshire Hills 


In my flower garden I have a row of sunflowers 
I planted for my squirrels and pigeons. Next row, 
peonies and flower-de-luce, six varieties; next row, 
sweet peas, all colors. I have lovely flowers now. 
I have three varieties of lilies, hardy ones; next a 
row of nasturtiums, Tom Thumb variety; French 
marigolds and bluets, very pretty. I have six 
varieties of asters. All people who see them say 
they never saw such large, handsome _ ones. 
Then I have winter phlox, a few old-fashioned 
flowers, the names of which I do not know and 
golden glow—that, I think, finishes up my 
garden. 


Groton, Mass. FRANK A. Woops 


JANUARY, 1910 


Big Tomatoes 


I AM sending the largest tomato from my vine, 
I have picked others of which the smallest 
weighed three-quarters of a pound. This is the 
first year my father gave me a garden of my own. 
New Brighton, S. I. Everett Lins (Aged 9 Years). 


A Garden in a Box 


I AM a girl living in town, who has not ground 
to plant anything, but wanted to be in the 
contest, so I decided to plant my garden in a box. 
I got my soil out of the garden before it was sown 
with grass seed. It was very rich soil. I got my 
seed from the State Normal School here. I soaked 
the seeds over one night and planted them in the 
box, covering them well with soil. The parsley 
grew about two and one-half inches high. It is 
very full and green. 


New Paltz, N. Y. JOSEPHINE RUST. 


Plenty of Vegetables 


mM’ GARDEN is 70x 38 feet. I did most of the 
work myself in the home garden, but when I 
was haying my mother hoed some. I planted in 
May. I planted a peck of potatoes, making six rows 
thirty feet long. I had a bushel of potatoes when 
dug. I raised.a few beets, carrots, onions, cabbage, 
cucumbers, beans, and tomatoes. I got twenty- 
three citrons from my two hills, and about thirty 
squashes and two rows of corn. I had some 
cannas, dahlias, sunflowers, morning-glories, zinnias, 
and a flower I do not know the name of. 
Groton, Mass. PauLt H. Wrrson. 


Poisoned the Bugs 


PLANTED my garden on Monday, May 31, 
1909. It is 24 feet long by 14 feet wide. Init I 
have six hills of tomatoes, which cost me fifteen 
cents. I worked to pay for these. I have ten 
hills of potatoes. There are, in my garden, about 
sixteen hills of corn and thirty-four hills of beans. 
There is one hill of summer squash where the 
corn did not come up. I have ten hills of turnips 
and six rows of dahlias at the back of my garden. 
I had to put some poison on my potatoes so as to 
keep the bugs from eating the potatoes up. The 
whole amount of work I did on my garden aver- 
aged about three-fourths of a day a week. Most 
of this I did after school. The deer went through 
my garden several times, but did not hurt it much 
— only took the tops off a few beans. 
New Ashford, Mass. CHARLES PIKE. 


RECORD FOR GARDEN WorK (See page 279). 


Name of Plant, . Dianthus 
Date of Planting, June roth; 
Condition of Soil, . Hard, poor 
Hertilizer Usedaye eee: None 
First Appearance of Plant, June 24th 
Growth per Week, . : 3X inch 


August gth 


Date of Blooming, . fee render 
HELEN L. SUTCLIFFE. 


New Paltz, N. Y- 


A beautiful back yard garden in Chicago, showing 
the results of a school boy’s labor 


SS YP 


Starting Plants Indoors—By W. Palmer, ¥%. 


DURING WINTER TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE WARMTH OF THE ORDINARY LIVING ROOMS TO 
START UP SEEDS AND CUTTING OF PLANTS TO BE SET OUTDOORS IN SPRING AND SUMMER 


NY TIME after the New Year has turned 
and before the winter goes there is 
abundance of opportunity to start seeds of 
the more tender plants for late spring or 
early summer flowers. 

I have heard persons say: ‘““You have 
only to break off a piece of plant, stick it 
in the soil, and it is sure to grow; I might 
stick in fifty slips, and every one of them 
would die.” The truth is, that a cutting 
does not care who cuts it from the parent 
plant, if it is cut the right way; nor who 
inserts it in the earth if the earth is the 
proper sort and the insertion is made cor- 
rectly. And good seeds are just as obliging 
and obedient. 

The very best way to obtain a stock of 
many desirable flowering plants is to grow 
them from seed; while some plants repro- 
duce themselves almost exactly from the 
seed others will give various different colors 
or forms from the same seed pod so that it 
is not safe to rely on seed reproduction at all. 
This is true of the more highly bred flowers 
which are grown in many varieties, except 
annuals. Nearly all the best summer- 
blooming flowers that are annuals can be 
depended upon, but chrysanthemums and 
geraniums, cannas, and carnations seldom 
pay for the trouble when grown from seed. 
The florist will throw away a thousand 
plants for one that he gets worth saving; 
therefore, the amateur is wisest who keeps 
to well established kinds that do not vary in 
raising from seed. 

Before sowing, two things are necessary 
to do to the soil in which the seed is sown. 
I have two sieves, one a common sifter for 
coal ashes, the other made from the fine 
netting used in window screens. I take 
ordinary garden soil, sift it all through the 
ash sifter, and then bake it well to kill all 
bacteria; then I get a soap box, saw it up 
in four-inch sections, nail a bottom on each, 
put in about an inch of broken crockery 
or small coal for drainage, then two inches 
of the sifted earth, pressing it down level 
with a smooth board. On top of that I 
sift one-half inch of earth through the fine 
sieve. I do not let the bottom come quite 
close to the sides of my box, so that when I 
water it will drain right through. 

This box will do for pansies, asters, del- 
phiniums, and most 
fairly large seeds. 
Sprinkle them on top 
of the fine soil, sift 
through the fine sieve 
about enough earth 
to cover them, press 
down with a board 
and then stand the 
box in a large pan 
filled with sufficient 
water to reach half 
way up the side of 


the seed box. Let it stand until you see 
the top has become wet, then put on one 
side, covering with glass or paper, and see 


that the soil never becomes dry, nor sod- 


den with water. When the seed leaves 
have started, remove the covering, but keep 
the box in a warm, shady place until the 
seedlings are strong enough to transplant. 
But there are some very small, delicate 
seeds of very beautiful flowers that so far 
have given everybody trouble to grow, 
florists included — gloxinias, begonias, pri- 
mulas, etc.— and most novices fail with 
them every time. I have made a discovery 
of my own which makes the culture of these 
charming greenhouse plants comparatively 
easy. I used an old tin milk-pan, gallon 
size, and a 4-inch flower pot. The pot I put 
in the middle of the pan and nearly fill it 
with moist sphagnum moss; then I put 


Ez 


RES ek ei fs Se See : ste wea 


Start cuttings in a bed of moist sand and in a 
warm place 


moss in the pan around the pot about one 
inch thick, carefully packed level —it must 
be moist to do this properly — and on top 
of the moss one-half inch of fine soil. Then 
I sprinkle my fine seeds on the earth, press 
down gently, and never let one drop of water 
directly touch my seeds. Always water 
through the moss into the flower pot; it 
soaks all through the moss in pot and pan, 
the earth absorbs enough for germination, 
and the young plants will not damp off or 
rot at the place where earth and air meet. 
The temperature is all-important in start- 
ing seeds in the house. The place — green- 


Much time is gained by starting seeds indoors during late winter. Select alight place with moderate warmth 


281 


house, living room or kitchen — matters 
little. If you cannot give your seed box a 
temperature never lower than 60 degrees, 
never higher than 80 degrees, don’t sow the 
seed, but wait a week or so until you can 
get the proper conditions. 

After your young plants are a month old 
they should be transplanted into flats, just 
like the seed boxes. I take a fork, insert 
it in the earth, away from my little plant, 
and gently lift the earth to loosen it; then 
with a toothpick lift the seedling and change 
it to the flat for stronger growth — about 
one inch apart every way, for small, slow 
growing ones like primulas and cyclamen, 
an inch and a half for stronger ones, as 
asters. When they show signs of recovery 
from the shift, put them in a light place and 
watch them grow. 

Plants like geraniums and fuchsias, some 
begonias, and roses, are better grown from 
cuttings from old plants. But for nearly 
every plant a different way is used, and the . 
plan that is successful in one month may fail 
in another, and what the florist can do in 
the greenhouse the amateur cannot in a room. 
The principle is this: that a very tender 
growth near the end of the shoot is too full of 
sap to root easily. It will very likely rot. 
Too near the main stem of the plant the 
tissue is too hard to send out the rootlets. 
So what corresponds to the term ‘“‘half ripe 
wood,” is generally the best. But for 
fuchsias, pelargonium, and some others, 
the best way is to cut back the plant after 
flowering time, let it rest, nearly dry, in a 
cool, shady place for three months, then 
water and start into growth. Soon there 
will be plenty of young shoots, about three 
inches long; carefully cut them off, quite 
close to the stem, and then root. 

The best plan for the amateur, is to get 
a six-inch flower pot and half fill it with 
pieces of charcoal as big as a bean; on top 
lay some moss, then fill up with clean sand, 
having some charcoal dust mixed with it. 
Insert your cuttings around the edge of the 
pot, close together; keep moist and keep 
warm. Most things will root that way, 
and if you have kept over winter one or 
two good coleus, or geraniums, you can 
soon get a quantity for a summer garden 
display. The one indispensable fact to 
remember is that 
seeds, cuttings, plants 
in pots or ground, 
need the earth made 
firm about them to 
encourage growth; 
not to crowd the 
seeds, nor make the 
earth hard as a rock, 
but to prevent drying 
out, and secure a 
complete covering 
for every rootlet. 


282 : 


THE GARDEN 


MAGAZINE 


JANUARY, 1910 


How to Make a Good Beginning 
By W. H. Jenkins, NEw YorzkK 


HERE can be no question about the desira- 
bility of growing all the best fruits adapted 

to one’s locality when making a home where one 
expects to live many years. And it is better to have 
a surplus than a shortage, for if there is no need to 
sell fruit to enlarge the income, there is no small 
pleasure to be had from giving to neighbors and 
friends fruits of a higher quality than they can buy. 
Also, there can be no question as to the necessity 
of growing one’s own fruit in order to get the best. 
One can seldom buy the highest quality of apples, 
Spitzenburg or Newton Pippin, fully and beautifully 
colored, grown on trees so pruned as to let in the 
sunshine all around them, and left on the trees until 
ripe, then picked without bruising, wrapped in 
paper, or packed between layers of paper in boxes 
so the apples retain their natural flavor until 


Allow room for future growth when planting out 


orchard fruits. Clover is the best soiling crop 


summer. The large commercial grower cannot 
grow and ship fruits so that the consumer can have 
them at their best. 

To make a mistake in planting trees is not only 
very disappointing, but also expensive. It is because 
of the losses from such mistakes, and some successes 
on my own place, that I feel I can state some 
facts about orcharding that will help others. My 
experience goes back for more than thirty years. 
When a boy of fifteen I set the first strawberry bed 
in my locality, and began to plant all the fruit on 
the old homestead farm, and this work was continued 
when I moved to my little village farm later in life. 

I now know that the way to begin in rightly 
establishing an orchard of a considerable number 
of trees and a garden of small fruits, is to start a 
private or home nursery on the place, planting one- 
year-old trees purchased of a commercial nursery, 
and also propagate small fruits. One should have 
some knowledge of trees and plants and a certain 
amount of skill in handling them to get the most 
out of such a nursery, but still it is the right way to 
begin even without such knowledge. The plot 
selected for the nursery should be good corn ground, 
have good drainage, and a fairly rich clay loam. 

Before buying stock study varieties. Ascertain 
what are the varieties of the highest quality that are 
thriving well in your own or in a similar locality. 
Sometimes the best information can be obtained 
from the State College of Agriculture, or Experiment 
Station. My plan was to make up a list of fruits 
which I knew from experience or observation was 


adapted to southeastern New York. This list was 
submitted to and approved by the State College 
which added a few new varieties. 

It may be best to purchase some varieties on their 

own roots, while others are weak growers 
unless grafted. The most successful orchardists 
generally buy strong-growing apple stocks, like the 
Northern Spy, and top-work them with the varieties 
desired. The Lombard plum stocks are purchased, 
and top-worked or budded with choice varieties 
that are slow growers. One should learn to bud 
and graft trees. Set the one-year-old trees in 
nursery rows in the spring, cultivate them like a crop 
of corn all summer, and transplant to permanent 
positions when two or three years old. Buy plants 
of small fruits, in lots of 50 or 1,000 and plant 
them in the spring, in well-prepared propagating 
beds. I find it best to do all planting and trans- 
planting as early in the spring as possible. 

Two important subjects to be studied are soils 
and locations. Several years ago a neighbor and 
myself each purchased a lot of Japan plums, from 
the same nurseryman and at the same time. I 
planted trees on low, rich soil along the brook, 
and my neighbor planted his trees on an elevation 
where there was good air drainage. I gave my trees 
the best of care and they grew rapidly for a few years, 
then they began to die, and now not one is left. 
But my neighbor has a splendid bearing orchard of 
Japan plums! Peach trees that winter killed on 
my low land are doing fairly well in the plum orchard 
where the temperature goes 20 degrees below zero 
in winter. Experience has taught me to set my 
trees and grape vines on the elevated portions of my 
place, in well drained fairly rich soil, and not to 
force their growth too much. 

My experience with dwarf trees has taught me 
to plant them only for garden culture. I would 
always plant standard trees if I could give them 
sufficient room to grow and develop. The dwarfs 
are best only for close planting in rich soil and the 
trees should be as well fertilized and cultivated as 
large cabbages. 

One advantage of the home nursery is that the 
soil of the orchard can be prepared while the trees 
for it are growing. Safe advice cannot be given 
about fertilizing without knowing the soil in which 
the orchard is to be planted and its needs, but this 
I do know: that trees and all plants grow best in a 
clover sod. If the clover grows well, I know the soil 
is right for the trees. In no way can the soil be 
fertilized as cheaply, and put in as good mechanical 
condition, as by plowing under a one or two-year- 
old clover sod. Where live stock is kept, the best 
way of fertilizing the soil of the orchard, both 
before and after planting the trees, is to reinforce 
stable manure by using ground South Carolina 
phosphate rock in the stable as an absorbent} and 
applying all to the orchard without waste. This 
should sometimes be supplemented with wood ashes, 
or potash in some form, but the appearance of the 
trees generally indicates their needs. + 

The number of trees or plants necessary for the 
family fruit garden will, of course, depend on the 
needs of the family and the size of the place, but 
one to three trees of all the varieties named is not 
too much for the average family, as all trees do not 
bear every year. I find that one-half an acre of 
the small fruits is not too much, as there should be 
room for horse cultivation. c 

Here is my list of proved varieties for South- 
Eastern New York: 

Apples — Northern Spy, Tompkins King, 
McIntosh Red, Jonathan, Spitzenburg, Sour 
Bough, Maiden Blush, Grimes Golden, Seek-No- 
Further, Roxbury. 


B PEARS — Clapp Favorite, Barlett, Seckel, Anjou, 
osc. : 

Priums — Bradshaw, Reine Claude, Shropshire 
Damson, Falleburg. 

CHERRIES — Early Richmond, Montmorency, 
English Morrello, and, where the sweet cherries 
thrive, Windsor. 

GraprEs — Moore Diamond, Winchell, Worden 
Brighton, Delaware, Concord, Niagara. 

RASPBERRY — June (from the Geneva Experi- 
ment Station, Geneva, N. Y.), Cuthbert, Golden 
Queen. 

Brack Caps — Gregg, Kansas. 

BLACKBERRIES — Eldorado, Snyder, 
Rathburn. 

CuRRANTS — Perfection, Fay, Wilder. 

GOOSEBERRIES — Downing, Pearl, Keepsake. 

STRAWBERRIES — Brandywine, Wm. Belt, Mar- 
shall, Sample, Bederwood. 


Taylor, 


Apples for Amateurs 
N. B. Waitt, Mass. 


Ves ago, when a man set out an orchard, 

he hardly expected to live to eat apples from 
it. Orchards were at that time neglected; they 
had no care, and it required many years of struggle 
to get the trees into bearing condition. But the 
culture of the apple, as well as all other farm prod- 
ucts, has been greatly improved. 


ADVANTAGES OF LOW-HEADED TREES 


About twenty years ago I planted out, for bud- 
ding, 1,000 two-year-old apple stocks. When the 
budding season came around, other work prevented 
its being done, and the next year it was the same. 
As the trees were getting rather large to bud, I 
decided to let them grow up and fruit, and see what 
I would get. Some trees commenced to fruit at 
eight years of age, others at nine and ten years. 
From the 1,000 trees four were worthy of propaga- 
tion — an early sweet, a fall subacid, a dark red 
winter sweet, and a winter apple that very much 
resembles the Gravenstein, which I have named 
Winter Gravenstein. 

I claim to be the originator of the low head for 
apple trees, and published a statement to this effect 


A perfect apple is a source of some pride to the 
grower—and we can all have them 


The Readers’ Service will give 
qt: H E G A R D E N M A G A ZL, I N E aidanaiios Fics CAGES 283 


S GARDEN ror 
BOOK 1910 


Our 1910 edition will be ready early in January. Better than ever. Revised and brought 
right up-to-date. It’s a book that every gardener, amateur or professional, should have. 

256 pages filled with practical, sensible, helpful gardening information besides cultural 
notes on 


Janvuary,,1910 


DREERS 


TES ARIAS EDGE How to grow flowers from seed, both Annual and Perennial. 


RD How to grow Asters, Pansies, Sweet Peas, Dahlias, Ferns, Gladiolus, Palms, Roses, 
Gb Ey Water Lilies, etc., etc. 

-\@/-- Hints for the amateur who grows plants in the home, telling about the kind of soil to use; 
: oy about drainage; about watering; about repotting; about insect troubles and so on. 
BO ok tk How to make and care for a border of old-fashioned, hardy plants. How and when to 


cultural notes in all. 


plant and prune shrubs. And so on through the 256 pages. More than 500 
ek am 


HENRYA.DREER 
714 Chestnut Street 
Philadelphia, Pa 


ABSOLUTELY RELIABLE 


OUR CATALOGUE 


—the acme of perfection in catalogue making —is 
the most instructive, the most useful, the most con- 
cise, and contains the least extravagant descriptions 
of any seed annual published. 


A VERITABLE MINE OF INFORMATION 


An invaluable guide to the amateur or the profes- 
sional gardener. 
Ready about January Ist. Mailed free. 


J. M. THORBURN & CO. 


Dept. G 33 Barclay Street New York 
108 years in business in New York City 


Dreer’s Garden Book for 1910 is admittedly the best of its kind. Eight beautiful color and 
duotone plates and over a thousand other illustrations. ; 

It describes and gives prices of over 1200 varieties of flower seeds—over 2000 kinds of 
plants and more than 600 varieties of vegetables. To say nothing of many kinds of shrubs, 
climbers, small fruits, water lilies and Garden Requisites of every description. 

Mailed to our customers without application. If you are not on our lists we will 
mail a copy if you mention this magazine. 


HENRY A. DREER PuHilAdeLPuia 


YouDont 25 


5 lhelruit 
Ns ‘ Book of 
S ithe Year 


There’s just enough of it to properly describe the Strawberry 
plants, the Apple, Cherry, Peach, Pear and Plum trees, the 
Grapes, the Quinces, the Asparagus, the Currants and other 
fruits which we grow by the million in our 2,000-add acres of 
nurseries. If a fruit is worth trying, you will find it in this 
book ; otherwise not—we must know from actual tests in our 
orchards here and elsewhere that it is all right before we offer it. 
Pictures all from photographs—four full pages in natural colors. 


SHADE TREES, HEDGE PLANTS, 
FLOWERING SHRUBS AND VINES 


are not neglected. We grow the best kinds of all these in large 
quantities—and everything of the very highest quality. The 
continued patronage of buyers who know good stuff, and a 
bigger volume of new orders last year than ever before, shows us 
that the people like a square-deal policy in the nursery business. 

If you think of buying fruit trees or shade trees, or plants 
of any kind, you need this book. Last year’s customers will 
receive it anyway; others if they ask for it. May we send 
you a free copy? Write today— edition is limited! 


HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 24, Berlin, Md. 


284 


in The American Cultivator over sixty years ago. 
But I then could not sell the young trees because 
planters said they could not drive their teams 
under the branches. The advantages of the low 
head are now so well known that it will hardly be 
necessary for me to mention them, except for the 
benefit of the amateur who is contemplating planting 
such trees. The wind does not so much affect the 
tree, many apples can be gathered without a ladder, 
and with a step-ladder more than one-half the crop 
can be easily handled. If an apple falls to the 
ground it is not so liable to get bruised. The low 
branches shade and protect the roots during the 
hot weather, causing less evaporation from the soil, 
and being so near the ground and shielded from the 
sun, cause the under side to grow the fastest and 
to make its growth more upright; whereas the 
branches of a tree that has a long trunk will grow 
out horizontally, and, when loaded with fruit, 
are more likely to bend to the ground than the 
branches of a low head. 

To produce a low head it is necessary to cut 
back the first year’s growth of the bud or scion to 
about six buds, which will make the lower branches 
of the low head. When the tree gets so large that 
it needs thinning take out three of the lower branches 
instead of trimming them up to make more room, 
a mistake which many make. The accompanying 
photograph shows a tree the second year from the 
bud, and the line across shows to where it should 
be cut back. The cutting should be just above 
a bud that is on the outside, so that the branch 
from it will grow outward and make a better head. 
In buying young stock from nurseries, trees one 
year from the bud should be ordered. Cut back as 
directed above, leaving six buds to form the future 
head. 


RENEWING AN ORCHARD 


The question how to renew an old orchard is 
often asked. JI have had considerable experience 
in this line of work. To take a ladder, a basket 
of tools, wax or clay, and start in to top-graft an 
old orchard is anything but a pleasant job. To 
stand on a ladder or some of the branches, to saw 
off and clear out the branches that are to be grafted, 
and attempt to split the winding and cross-grained 
stock and to fit the scion where the wood has split 
in one place and the bark in another, requires more 
patience than I ever possessed. That method is 
not only disagreeable, but uncertain and expensive, 
and never results in a good permanent head. 
A better method is to cut the trees down level 


The wrong way. This tree was allowed torun out 
of control and cannot give fancy fruit 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


Lise 


Starting the low head. The first year’s growth 
was cut back to a few buds 


with the ground in the winter, for the stump will 
then sprout better than if it is cutin summer. The 
next spring the stump will throw up many sprouts, 
all of which should be allowed to grow for a while 
to relieve the roots of the shock caused by removing 
the top. 

Thin out as the growth increases, and finally 
remove all but three or four of the strongest. ‘The 
following spring the remaining sprouts should be 
grafted low down near the stump. ‘The scions, 
having the full force of the roots, will make a strong 
growth and should be cut back the same as young 
trees. This method will give a new orchard in 
place of the old one at small expense, and results 
will be obtained much more quickly than by set- 
ting out young trees. 


MAKING NEW VARIETIES 


Many are taking up the hybridizing of the apple. 
The effects of this will be to weaken the productive 
quality of the hybrid, though it may, and in many 
cases should, improve the quality of the fruit and 
give vigor to the hybrid. It will tend to impair 
the vitality of the seeds and induce sterility, but 
from that source we will obtain many veal and valu- 
able seedless apples — a result worthy of the effort. 

Imagine the condition of things when a boy will 
not ask for the core, simply because there is none! 
All new seedling apples should first of all be grafted 
on their own roots. Every nurseryman handling 
such apples should have one or more trees upon 
its own roots to cut scions from. It should be kept 
on its own roots until it is found that it will do better 
on some other. I am doing that with my new ones. 

Hybridizing the apple will probably produce a 
medley like Bailey’s pumpkin — there will be such 


JANUARY, 1910 


a multitude of characters to deal with. But as the 
object is not to determine the laws of heredity 
governing the apple, but to produce new varieties, 
hoping for an improvement, a result can probably 
be obtained in about five years by grafting the 
hybrid on the top of a fruiting tree. A large 
majority of the fruit of the above mentioned 1,000 
trees were fall apples striped with red on a yellow 
ground, showing a common origin, but the four 
considered worthy of propagation were distinct 
from all others. The dark red winter sweet and 
the winter Gravenstein seemed like sports or 
mutants. 

I am inclined to believe that the best way to cir- 
cumvent the scales may be to grow the trees as 
shrubs, say from five to six feet high, cutting them 
back every year as we do grape vines. It would 
have many other advantages besides, permitting the 
planting of more trees to the acre. 


VALUE OF A MULCH 


Judging from my own experience, I am thor- 
oughly in favor of the mulch, but there are some 
cases where the orchardist has no choice, or, per- 
haps, only a choice between mulch and grass. 
Grass in itself is not a sufficient mulch. There are 
many tracts, well adapted to the apple, that are 
so rocky that they cannot be cultivated — tracts 
that were never ploughed and never will be. The 
experiment at the Geneva Experiment Station to 
test the comparative value of mulch and culti- 
vation was incomplete, inasmuch as the mulch 
(simply the grass that was grown on the ground) 
was insufficient. A mulch should be heavy enough 
to prevent all grass and weeds from growing. 
Such a one would be of great advantage to both 
young and old trees. After a mulch of this kind 
has been once applied the subsequent annual 
mulching will require much less material. It 
prevents evaporation and induces small roots to 
grow nearer the surface of the ground, where they 
will be able to get the benefit of showers during 
the hot and dry period. Cultivation and the 
heat drive them down and they get no benefit 
from a shower, as the water quickly evaporates. 
When low-headed trees get large, much less mulch 
will be required, as the shade of the trees will pre- 
vent grass and weeds from growing under them, 
and therefore the orchard requires much less 
labor than a cultivated one. The mulch, as it 
decays, furnishes vegetable matter to the trees. 
Apples that drop do not get bruised, muddy and 
dirty as in a cultivated orchard. An orchard well 
carpeted is a thing of beauty. 


The Gumming of Fruit Trees 


ee excessive gumming of peach and plum trees 

is often caused by the bark becoming so tight 
and resistant that the sap cannot properly flow and 
consequently bursts through the bark. ‘This con- 
dition may be relieved by slitting the bark and the 
first layer of wood from the ground to the lowest 
branches, making the cuts about three inches apart. 


The. right way. The low head standard is easily 
eared for and the fruit gathered without injury 


¥ , = D tend to build irs) Rouse? 
JANUARY, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ME ne Boe 285 


~ {4 [FA - POSTAGE PAID 
Be ff "a 


~yd HONEWEST ccTUs DARLIAS [°F 


DELIUERY MAY 1, 1910 


This collection is made up from surplus stock 
of our choicest novelties; each bulb is named, no 
two alike. 


Rawson’s Garden Manual for 1910 (the most 
complete garden book published) and 


Rawson’s Special Catalogue of Dahlias and 
Gladiolus, the only catalogue of its kind in the world. 


Mailed free to all applicants 
W.W.RAWSON & CO., Boston, Mass. 


Regular Edition, at a popular price, of the 
Gardening Authority of America 


The American 
Flower Garden 


BY NELTJE BLANCHAN 


Author of “Bird Neighbors,” “Birds That 
Hunt and Are Hunted,”’ etc. 


This sumptuous and valuable book, now issued in its per- 
manent form, reveals those little subtleties which bring 
delight to the home garden. The author has drawn from 
a vast knowledge of beautiful foreign and American 
gardens, and she points out the great principles of all 
good gardening. The present book covers adequately 
the needs of the amateur whose garden is either extensive 
or the reverse; and every fact among the thousands is 
“made quickly available by a fourteen-page index. There 
are four plates in full color, and eighty plates of sufh- 
cient size adequately to treat the subjects presented. 


WITH PLANTING LISTS BY LEONARD BARRON 
Regular Edition, net price, $5.00 (postage 35 cents) 


CouNTRY LIFE THE WoRLD's WoRK THE GARDEN 
IN AMERICA MAGAZINE 


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World’s Current Events 


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national significance prefer to reveal their experi- 
ences, struggles and achievements through The 
orld’s Work. Among such workers who will 

contribute during Ig10 are: 

Booker T. Washington 

Elihu v edder 


.» NEW YO 


Planning the Year’s Work 


HO is thinking of gardening in January! 
What can be done when everything is 

frozen up tight? Ihave been gardening for a number 
of years, and have never let the month of January 
get by without having all my seeds procured and 


my garden planned. I think a great deal of the 
trouble with our gardens lies in the fact that the 
amateur has not yet grasped the idea of practical 
gardening, because it is just as easy to run a garden 
properly as it is to neglect it. ‘The yield of these 
so-called gardens is a very small percentage of 
what the ground should produce. 

In order to help the beginner to grasp the idea 
more readily, I would urge every amateur gardener 
to make two rough plans of his garden now — No. 1 
and No. 2. On No. 1 mark all first sowings, such 
as peas, onions, parsnips, etc.; on No. 2 mark the 
crops that are to succeed others on the same ground, 
such a peas, lettuce, etc. Try several ways to see 
how you can save the most ground. If you are 
thinking seriously of putting in an asparagus bed 
this season, place it at one end of the garden by 
itself. Do the same with a rhubarb bed. 

There are numerous ways of planning a garden, 
but the most common and most practical is a square, 
divided into four parts by walks. Better make the 
walks wide enough so that you can drive a wagon 
in, as it is very convenient to cart manure in and 
to carry refuse away from the garden. 

Of course a small garden, say about roo feet 
square, will not need any cross walks, as it would 
rob the garden of useful ground; but all gardens 
larger than this should have at least a small foot- 
path running through the centre. If you utilize a 
few feet on both sides of the walk for a flower 
border, it will make your garden more attractive. 
For larger gardens small or trained fruit trees are 
often used as a border, and I have also seen this 
space devoted to roses. 

Another good idea, if your garden is large enough 
to warrant it, is to reserve a strip about four feet 
wide around the outside of the garden for all the 
small fruits. In this way they are kept by them- 
selves and are almost certain to get the proper care 
and attention. 

Always select ground that is not shaded. If the 
ground has a gentle slope to the southward, all the 
better. The low ground can be used for vegetables 
that like moisture, such as asparagus and cabbage; 
the high, dry ground can be used for corn, etc. If 
the ground is low generally, an application of air- 
slaked lime will be very beneficial, and it is not too 
late to do it now. Use it plentifully if you were 
troubled with cut worms or maggots last 
season. 

In planning your garden on paper, mark plainly 
how many rows of peas you intend sowing, how 
much early lettuce, how many rows of carrots or 
beets, and the distance apart they will be. Place 
at one end_all the vegetables that are to remain the 
whole season, such as parsnips, salsify, Swiss chard, 
etc. There is no need to allow any room in the 
garden specially for lettuce, radishes, or spinach. 
They can be seeded between the peas or other 
vegetables that are planted several feet apart. 

By planning your garden this way you also get 
a good idea of how much seed you will require 
for the year, and the entire supply may be ordered 
now. Use plenty of seed and you will avoid having 
poor, scraggly-looking rows usually to be seen 
where the cost of seed is considered. Some of the 
following vegetables will require thinning out after 
the seed has germinated. This has been taken 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


into consideration in figuring the following amounts 
for rows 50 feet in length: 

Asparagus, i ounce; bush limas, 4 pint; bush 
beans, 4 pint; beets, 1 ounce; borecole, 4 ounce; 
carrot, I ounce; endive, 4 ounce; kohlrabi, 4 ounce; 
leek, + ounce; lettuce, + ounce; okra, 1 ounce; onion, 
% ounce; parsley, 4 ounce; parsnip, 4 ounce; peas, 
I pint; radish, 4 ounce; turnips, 4 ounce; Swiss 
chard, 4 ounce; salsify, 1 ounce. 

One pint of pole limas will sow 50 hills, xr pint 
of corn roo hills, 1 ounce cucumbers 50 hills, 1 
ounce muskmelons 50 hills, 1 ounce watermelons 
35 hills, 1 ounce pumpkin or squash 50 hills. 

The following vegetables are better if seeded in 
a bed and removed singly to the garden later. I 
give the number of seeds per ounce, but do not 
expect that more than 50 per cent. of the seeds will 


germinate; that is, sow at least twice as many seeds — 


as you figure you need plants. One ounce of 
Brussels sprouts contains about 3,000 seeds, cab- 
bage and cauliflower likewise; one ounce of celery 
contains about 5,000 seeds, eggplants and peppers 
about 1,000 and tomatoes about 1,500. 

Using the above as a guide, it is rather an easy 
matter to figure up just how much seed you will 
require. If you want six rows (each 50 ft.) of peas 
you will need three quarts of seed. If you sow 
during the season twelve rows of beans you will 
need three quarts of seeds, and if you want two rows 
of parsnip you will require one-half ounce of seed. 

While we all have our favorite varieties of various 
species, one must always remember that others 
may think differently. If it were not so the seeds- 
men would handle but one variety of each kind. 
I am not infallible, but speaking generally 
the varieties here mentioned will, I think be found 
satisfactory. Where there are early and late veget- 
ables of one species I give the best variety of both. 


Palmetto, Early Argenteuil 
Black Valentine 

Burpee’s 

Currie’s Rustproof 

Ford’s Mammoth 


Asparagus 

Bean, bush 
Lima bean, bush 
Bean, bush, wax 
Bean, pole lima 


Beet Eclipse 

Broccoli Walcheren 

Brussels sprouts Long Island Improved 

Borecole Dwarf Green Scotch 

Cabbage Wakefield Early 

Cabbage, red Drumhead 

Cabbage, Savoy Drumhead Savoy 

Carrot Guerande 

Cauliflower Extra Early Erfurt 

Celery Chicago 

Corn Golden Bantam Early, Stow- | 
ell’s Evergreen 

Cucumber The Davis D 

Egg plant New York Improved Purple 

Endive Broad-leaved Batavian 

Leek American Flag 

Kohlrabi White Vienna 

Lettuce Big Boston 

Lettuce, Cos Paris’ White 


Muskmelon Emerald Gem 


Okra White Velvet 

Onion, yellow Danvers 

Onion, red Wethersfield 

Onion, white Southport 

Parsley Extra Moss-curled 
Parsnip American Hollow Crown 
Pepper Cardinal 

Peas Alaska, earliest of all 
Peas, best quality Gradus 

Peas, biggest cropper Telephone 


Large Cheese 
Norton Beauty 
Carmen No. 3 


Pumpkin 
Potato, early 
Potate, late 


Rutabaga Long Island Improved 
Salsify Mammoth Sandwich Island 
Spinach Long Standing 

Spinach, summer New Zealand 

Squash Vegetable Marrow 
Tomato, early Earliana 

Tomato, main crop Freedom 

Turnip Strop-leaved 

Watermelon Cole’s Early 


Do not make out your seed list and then go around 
looking for the man that can supply you the cheap- 
est. Do not buy cheap seeds. We Americans 
buy seeds too cheaply; if seeds in England were 
offered at the same price that they are in America 
they would not be considered worth planting in a 
garden worthy of the name. In England, their 
novelties in peas, for instance, sell for seventy-five 


- to eighty cents per pint, while here they are retailed 


at twenty cents. I honestly believe you will get 
full value for your money, whichever you buy, by 
which I mean that their seeds are better than 
ours. Do not infer from this that American seeds 
are not good. They are just as good as the English 
seeds in germination, but we have not attained the 
perfection of qualities in the varieties that they have 
over there. It is good economy to buy the highest 
grade of seeds offered. é 


JANUARY, 1910 


Get a sheet of drawing paper, make a plan to scale, 
and allot space now for the year’s crops 


Re 


It is not easy to destroy the vitality of seeds, but — 


a little care will avoid trouble in the busy season. 
When you receive your seeds store them in a cool, 
frostproof place where they will be perfectly dry- 
If you are troubled with mice and do not think you 
can afford a-proper mice-proof seed chest, use an 
old bread tin. 

Now is the time to go over your tools carefully 
and see that you have everything necessary for 
proper gardening. Do not try to run your garden 
with a spade and a hoe; but on the other hand, 
you do not need a 2-horse cultivator for a small 
garden. The following tools I have found very 
useful: |spade, digging fork, manure fork, asparagus 
knife, draw hoe, scuffle hoe, hose and sprinkler, 
12-inch labels, garden line and reel, raffia for tying, 
shovel, trowel, watering pot and wheelbarrow. A 


roller is also very useful; if you do not wish to go 


to the expense of buying one, make it yourself. 
Make a cylinder of sheet iron, riveting it securely. 


Run an axle shaft through the centre and fill the - 


cylinder with cement. After the cement hardens, 
put on a handle and it is ready for use. A roller for 
seeds should weigh about 150 pounds per running 
foot. ‘The size can be easily figured out, as cement 
weighs a trifle over 100 pounds per cubic foot. 

A measuring rod is also a useful garden tool. 
Get a 12-foot stick about one inch square, and paint 
one side white. Then measure accurately and at 
every twelve inches cut a notch quite deep and 
all around the stick. Then mark the feet, begin- 
ning from one to twelve, using black paint or 
indelible pencil. Cut a small notch in between 
each large notch for the one-half foot measure. 

For large gardens the wheel cultivator and seed 
drill are very useful, but small gardens can exist 
without them. A spray pump, however, is indis- 
pensable to a successful garden. If you haven’t 
any, you can easily rig one up. 

All old tools should be looked over carefully at 
this time and repaired where necessary. Do not 
throw away a spade or fork because the handle is 
broken; buy a new handle and put it on. All tools 
should be in first-class shape and ready for the busy 
season. Clean out the tool house or place where 
the tools are kept, put up pegs to hang the tools 
on, dip all the metal parts in kerosene and rub with 
a rag and a little vaseline to prevent them from 
rusting. Keep the tool house in a neat, tidy con- 
dition — have it so that you can go in at night and 
be able to pick out what you want without a light. 

Now is a good time to cut pea brush. You have 
plenty of time to cart the sticks home, sharpen them 
and stack them for spring. Some people grow 
dwarf peas that do not require staking, but I would 
not grow such varieties because they are at best but 
a miserable imitation of a pea and are only sold 
for the benefit of the lazy gardener. 

You may be able to purchase manure at this time 
of the year more cheaply than in the spring, when 
everyone wants it, and carting will also be cheaper. 
Another advantage in getting it now is the better 
quality, for if you cart it now and turn it once or 
twice it will be in splendid condition by the time 
you need it. 


Long Island. W. C. McCotiom. 


[Eprror’s NotE— Next month we will discuss 
the sowing of vegetables—how to do this with or with- 
out the convenience of a greenhouse. We will tell 
you how to raise monster onions, big, heavy-stalked 
celery and various other things which, if wanted 
at all, must be thought of in February.| 


JANUARY, 


1910 THE GARDEN 


PRATT’S 


“Sulfocide” 


OLUBLE Q' ULPHUR 
UMMER PRAY 


A New Substitute for Bordeaux Mixture 


FAR surpassing it in effective- 

ness, durability and ease of 
application, at one-half the cost 
or less. 


The most powerful, non- 
poisonous fungicide for plant life 
—for rust, mildew, scab, canker, brown rot, etc. 


Combined with Paris Green it sticks better than arsenate of 
lead, controlling Codling Moth and all worms and chewing insects 
on fruits and vegetables.‘ The best repellent for Curculio. 


FOR VEGETABLES, such as potatoes, tomatoes, egg-plant, 


cucumbers, beans, cantaloups, etc., and all plants subject to 
blight, rust, mildew, etc. 


Mr. Gzeorce T. Powert, of Ghent, N. Y., President of the Agricultural Experts Association, 
New York City, writes :— 

“We have abandoned the use of Bordeaux Mixture on our apples, as for the past three years it 
has seriously injured both the fruit and foliage. Where ‘SULFOCIDE’ was applied, 1 to 150, 
the fruit is now very fine and free from the Curculio injury, which has been very injurious the 
past season. We are inclined to believe a most valuable fungicide has been brought out in 
*SULFOCIDE,’ and shall use it on a larger scale another year.” 


MAGAZINE 


For information about popular resorts 
write to the Readers’ Service 287 


For years fruit-growers and truckers have been endeavoring to get 
away from the use of Bordeaux Mixture, because of the injury to 
fruit and vegetables and the difficulty in making a uniform and effi- 


cient mixture. Still others (needlessly, perhaps), have been more 
or less alarmed at using a poison like blue vitriol on food stuffs. 


Prices 


50 and 30-gallon barrels - $1.00 Seem 
- 12 


10-gallon kegs - - - - “ = = = = .50 
5-gallon kegs - - - ° = 5 - = = = 7.50 
1-gallon jacket cans - - - 6 2 = = 2 - 2.00 
1-quart cans - - - - = . = = = = .75 
1-pint cans = 2 i 5 oO .50 


On orders of 10 gallons or over, we prepay the freight 


Write today for descriptive circular, endorsements, etc. 


B. G. PRATT CO., Mfg. Chemists, 50 Church Street, New York City 


O worthier contribution to 
American letters has been 
made in the past decade than 
these powerful and distinctive 
—and widely popular volumes 


by 


Ellen Glasqow 


The Ancient Law $/.50 

The Battle Ground $/.50 

The Wheel of Life $/.50 

The Voice of the People $/.50 

The Deliverance $/.50 

The Freeman, and Other Poems 
Net $1.50 (postage 12c. ) 


COUNTRY LIFE 
IN AMERICA 


THEWorRLD's WoRK @ ‘THe GARDEN 
MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. NEW YORK. 


Bobbink & Atkins 


) ° 
W orld’s Choicest Nursery Products 
Spring Planting 

ROSES—We have thousands consisting of all the most suitable varieties 
for the American climate. 

RHODODENDRON MAXIMUM, CATAWBIENSE AND HARDY 
HYBRIDS—Quantities of handsome specimens are growing in our 
Nursery. 

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS—Many acres of our Nursery are planted 
with the most attractive specimens ever produced in the country. 

HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS-—For Old-Fashioned Flower Gardens, 
Beds and Borders. We have the largest quantity and the most complete 
collection in the country. 

ORNAMENTAL SHADE, WEEPING AND STANDARD TREES— 
Thousands of handsome, straight - stemmed trees in all varieties and 
sizes can be seen in our Nursery 

FLOWERING SHRUBS AND HEDGE PLANTS—In many acres of 
our Nursery are cultivated useful and attractive varieties. 

TRAINED DWARF AND ORDINARY FRUIT TREES AND SMALL 
FRUITS—We carry at all times large quantities in the choicest varieties. 

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES—In all varieties, for 
every place and purpose. 

BOXWOOD AND BAY TREES—We carry a large quantity of these 
attractive Evergreen Trees. We have all sizes in Standard, Bush and 
Pyramidal form. 

DECORATIVE PLANTS—We grow in our 100,000 feet of greenhouses. 

BULBS AND ROOTS—For Spring, Summer and Autumn flowering. 

LAWN GRASS SEED—B. & A. Rutherford Park Mixture remains un- 
equalled. 

TUBS—We manufacture them in all sizes. Ask for price list. 

OUR NURSERY PRODUCTS possess the standard of quality created 

y the highest grade of cultivation. 

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOG NO. 25 will be a helpful 
guide to intending purchasers. It describes each article giving prices. 
Will be sent upon request. 

THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND 

PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY 
WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE 
VISITORS TO OUR NURSERIES ARE ALWAYS WELCOME 


Nurserymen, Florists and Planters, | Rutherford, N. J. 


288 


that’s the 


gt 


4 : MAKAROFF 
RUSSIAN 
CIGARETS 


Say MAKAROFF to your dealer today. 


He has or can get them, instanter. 


whole story of 


Plain, cork-tip or monthpies 
Fifteen Cents and a Quarter. 


Jnatiarefy ~ Dowtrn 


For information about popular resorts 
write to the Readers’ Service 


Landscape Gardening 


A course for Home-makers and 
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig 
and Prof. Batchelor, of Cornell 
University. 

Gardeners who understand up-to- 
date methods and practice are in 
demand for the best positions. 

A knowledge of Landscape Gar- 
dening is indispensable to those 
who would have the pleasantest 


Pror. Craic homes. 


250 page catalogue free. Write to-day. 
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL 
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass. 


CREATIONS 


IN PLUMS AND WALNUTS 


Rutland Plumcot 
Formosa Plum 
Vesuvius Foliage Plum 


Santa Rosa Plum 
Gaviota Plum 


Royal and Paradox rapid-growing Timber Walnuts 


Send 25 cents for beautifully illustrated booklet 
in colors. We are sole propagators and 
disseminators. 


ShREES? 


Largest and Finest Assortment on the Coast 


CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURE. Profusely illustrated, 
describing 2000 different varieties of trees and plants. Valu- 
able suggestions given relative to planting, pruning and care 
of orchards. Mailed for 25 cents. 


WRITE US TODAY,FOR QUOTATIONS ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS 
Established 1884 
Paid-Up Capital $200,000 


FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, INC. 
GEO. C. ROEDING, Pres. and Mer. 
P.O. Box 39 FRESNO, CALIFORNIA 


More About Winter Spraying 
(See also page 270) 
ELAWARE: The common practice 
here is to spray either in the late fall or 
very early spring (mostly in the spring) with 
either one of the miscible oils or with a lime- 
sulphur wash. —C. A. McCue, Horticul- 
turist. 


Pennsylvania: We have found winter 
spraying useful in many cases and have 
practiced it regularly. For San José scale 
we have been using lime-sulphur and crude 
oil. For oyster shell lime and sulphur, this 
application being intended almost as much 
to cleanse the trees of the black fungus as 
to scarify the scales, since it is only partially 
effective against this scale. Crude oil is 
unquestionably the most effective solution 
we have tried and has so far shown no bad 
effects. — OcLesBy PauL, Landscape Gar- 
dener, Philadelphia Parks. 


Maryland: We included about twenty 
different washes in our tests, that is; includ- 
ing the various concentrated lime-sulphur 
solutions that are put on the market by differ- 
ent manufacturers, as well as miscible oils. 
These solutions were applied to apple and 
peach, both in fall and spring; that is, while 
the trees were dormant in each case. The 
concentrated lime sulphur solution com- 
pared favorably with the home-made wash 
and the miscible oils did good work, but 
not superior to the lime-sulphur. We con- 
tinue to recommend the lime-sulphur solu- 
tions as the best sprays for the San José 
scale, and while the home-made _ lime- 
sulphur wash is the cheapest and probably 
the best where the grower is fitted for mak- 
ing it, yet in other cases it seems desirable 
to use the concentrated solutions. In treat- 
ing apple in the course of ordinary spraying, 
miscible oil will undoubtedly spread to a 
better extent than the lime sulphur solutions 
on account of the woolly twigs of the apple, 
preventing the lime-sulphur from spreading 
as nicely as miscible oil.— Tuomas B. 
SYMONS, State Entomologist. 


Connecticut: ‘The San José scale is con- 
trolled almost wholly by winter sprays, using 
either the lime and sulphur mixture or one 
of the so-called soluble or miscible oils. 
The lime and sulphur mixtures are to be 
recommended on peach trees in preference 
to any of the oil mixtures, because they are 
better fungicides. The best preventive of 
peach leaf curl, a fungous disease, is to spray 
the trees with lime and sulphur just before 
the leaves appear. The advantages of the 
oil mixtures are that they are pleasanter to 
handle, that they will penetrate, as the oil 
has a tendency to spread or “‘crawl”’ into 
cracks and crevices in the bark. Another 
advantage is that for use in a back yard 
garden, near buildings or painted fences, the 
oil mixtures will not discolor the paint as will 
the lime and sulphur preparations, especially 
if the painted woodwork be white or of a 
light color. In such cases the lime and sul- 
phur will cover the paint with black spots, 
which will disappear after a few weeks. — 
W. E. Britton, State Entomologist, New 
Haven. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


JANUARY, 1910 


Save Your Trees 
Start This Year 


I Want to Help 
You—Write Me 


They are the crowning majesty of the hills and the 
eternal glory of the vales; they greet us with no touch of 
reproach each new day and each new year; they stand 
guard over our homes and serve as trusty sentinels on the 
highways on which we daily pass; they forget not nor fail 
to keep the constant vigils for which the Creator de- 
signed them, even when wounded, neglected and abused. 


Let This Be Your New Year Resolve 
—To Care for These Silent Friends 


Tolet your watchfulness supply their lack of voice; to 
bestow upon them the tokens of tenderness and affection; 
to have their diseases treated, their wounds healed and 
their lives prolonged. The handsome and complete 
book, “‘Our Wounded Friends, the Trees’’—free to any 
owner of tine trees—will tell you what should be done; the 
force of tree experts trained in the School of Practical 
Forestry founded by me and operated by my’sons will 
do it. I want to have the personal pleasure of knowing 
that during the new year you will start to save your 
trees—the salvation of trees has been the consecrated 
purpose of my life, 

Write me for a copy of the book and suggestions. 
Address me as follows: 


JOHN DAVEY, Room 1 
The Davey Tree Expert Company KENT, OHIO 


p=, COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 


PROFIT FARM BOILER 


With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in 
one minute. The simplest and best arrangement 
for cooking foodforstock. Alsomake Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam Jacket 
Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc. 07 Send 
for BeCuae and ask for circular L. 


D. R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill. 


> The NewIdea in Rat Extermination * 
Harmless to human beings and household pets if 
accidentally taken in small quantities. 

Safe Sure Scientific Clean to Handle 
Shaped like a squash seed—the rat’s favorite food. 
They do not die in the house but rush for open 
air and water. 
A Single Tablet Will Kill the Largest Rat 
15c and 25c at your druggists’ or sent prepaid 
on receipt of price in stamps or coin. 
FULTON CHEMICAL CO. 
100 William Street New York City 


2 Men ‘who canal ap for a 
“T=? _, rainy day - will find the 
fi greatest comfort and free- 
¥iidom of bodily movement 


(BLACK OR vELLOW), 

i IF NOT AT YOUR DEALERS 

Em SENT PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE 
CATALOG *16 FREE 


ae 
AJ-Tower Co. BOSTON, U.S.A. TOWERCANADIAN Co. LIMITED TORONTO CAN. 


———- 


January, 1910 THE GARDEN MAGAZIN 


~ The Readers’ Service is prepared to 
E 289 


advise parents in regard to schools 


Work for Men and 
Women 


Start 
now 


yARAY LAN 


FLORIDA Ns 
WATER 


A Perfume for the 
Most Refined Taste 


A leader amongst leaders. 
After being in use for 
Nearly a Century 

. ‘ is just as popular as ever 


BECAUSE: 
[° is a Floral Extract of 
absolute purity and 
enduring fragrance; it re- 
freshes and revives as 
does no other Perfume; 
itis delightful inthe Bath 
and the finest thing after 
Shaving : because it is, in 
fact, the most reliable 
and. satisfactory Toilet 

Perfume made :: 


ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT. 
ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE! 


RAPEVINE 


Large stock. Best varieties. Best grade. Guar- 
anteed true. _ We invite correspondence from 
parties intending to plant in large quantities. 


Special Offer 


We will send, postpaid, 10 strong, hardy 
two-year-old GRAPEVINES—best _vari- 
eties, red, white and black—for $1.00. 
Catalogue and price list free. 
T.S. Hubbard Company 
Crape Vine Specialists 
364 CENTRAL AVENUE, FREDONIA, N. Y. 
Established 43 years 


gesaiHE GARDEN STUDIO, at 
>. 647 Boylston St., Boston, 
Mass., offers a unique oppor- 
tunity for the selection of gar- 
denaccessories in artificial stone, forlarge 
estates, formal gardens or small home 
gardens. On exhibition and for sale 
are sun dials, benches, urns, columns, 
gazing globes, tables, balustrades and 
fountains. Particular attention is given 
tothe ornamentation of city yard gardens. 
We shall be glad to send a’ book of prices and 


illustrations of the garden accessories, which 
will enable you to order by mail. ; 
The firm desires also to announce that it 
makes and has made for years a specialty of 
fine interior decoration for town and country 
houses, libraries, churches and theatres. 


L. HABERSTROH & SON 
647 Boylston Street BOSTON, MASS. 


309% PROFIT MADE 


Growing Mushrooms 


Markets waiting for all you can raise. 
No capital or special place necessary. 
Crown in cellars, stables, sheds, boxes, 
etc. Write for big illustrated free booklet 
showing our beds and farm and learn how to 
start this ea y business. National Spawn & Mush- 
room Co,, Dept. 9, 18£ Summer St., Boston, Mass. 


Our 1910 Edition of 
‘Great Crops of Strawberries and 
How to Grow Them’’ 


has been re-written from cover to cover. It is the 
most valuable text book on strawberry-growing ever 
put into print, because it teaches the Kellogg method 
of growing larger crops of better berries than can be 
grown in any other way. Every detail of the work is 
illustrated by photo-engravings and is explained in 
such a plain and practical manner that anyone who 
will read the instructions and study the pictures is 
sure to succeed. 


Strawberry Growers Who Follow 


The Kellogg Way 


Are Getting More Fancy Berries From One 
Acre than the Other Fellow Gets From Two 


The book makes you acquainted with some of these top-notch growers, shows 
pictures of their strawberry fields, and tells about the big yields. The man who wrote 
this book is the world’s greatest strawberry expert. He has rio acres in strawberries 
and every word is written from actual experience. He tells you how to increase the 
fruiting-power of the plants, and how to enrich the soil to make the plants do their best. 
He also shows you how to prune and set the plants, and how to mate them to insure a 
perfect berry from every bloom; how to layer runners to make an ideal row; when and how 


to cultivate; gives full instructions about spraying, mulching, 
picking, packing and marketing—all these essential features, 
as well as everything else pertaining to the work, are made 
perfectly plain by pictures. Besides all this the book explains 
how the Kellogg strain of thoroughbred plants is produced, 
and gives positive proof that 


These Famous Plants Have Won the World’s 
Highest Fruiting Record 


The book also shows pictures of fifty-four different kinds 
of strawberries, with a complete description of each variety. 

We feel mighty proud of this book. It is surely worth 
its weight in gold to anyone who has an ambition to become 
an independent, money-making strawberry grower. If you 
want one, just say so, but don’t send any money. This ad 
says the book is free, and what we say we do, we do do, and 
no backing out. 


R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY 
Box 690 Three Rivers, Mich. 


Kellogg’s Thoroughbreds Grow 
Bumper Crops 

M2RE than 13,000 quarts of strawberries to the 

acre is the 1908 record of O. J. Wigen, of 
Creston, B. Cc. who writes as follows, under date of 
July 28, 1908: ‘‘ Having just finished the marketing of 
53,000 quarts of strawberries from a little over four 
acres of ground set with your Thoroughbred Pedigree 
Strawberry Plants, I feel it my duty to let you know 
of the performance of your plants in this part of British 
Columbia; and I would add that, under a more perfect 
system than I have been able to follow, this yield can 
be greatly increased.” 0. J. Wigen. 


“Great Crops of Strawberries” 
Worth $100.00 to Him 
Farm Journal, 1025 Race Street 
Philadelphia, Feb. 20, 1908. 


R. M. Kellogg Co., Three Rivers, Mich. 
Gentlemen: We have a letter this morning from 


Thomas B. Magee, of Browning, Montana, in which he 
says: ‘‘ I have derived great benefit from your advertise- 
ments, especially the R. M. Kellogg Co., of Three 
Rivers, Mich., whose Strawberry Book is worth a 
hundred dollars to anyone interested.’’ With best 
wishes. Very truly yours, 
WILMER ATKINSON CO., 
Chas. F. Jenkins, 


Make the Farm Pay || \——¢ Cattle Manure 
Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture Z 

Horticulture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For- in Shredded or 

esiry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under Ags 

Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. = Pulverized 

Craig of Cornell University and other eminent Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No 


teachers. Over one hundred Home _ Study : 2 : 
Courses under able professors in leading colleges. bad odor. Easily applied. Delivered East of 


250 page catalog free. Write to-day. Missouri River. $2.00 Per Bag (100 Ibs.). Write 


THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL — | for circulars. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 
Prof. Brooks Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass. p ZM 19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago 


Plant for Immediate Effect 
NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS 
Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty 


years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. 
We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that 
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready. 


Andorra Nurseries 
Box G, Chestnut Hill, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. 


edie Sar i 
20 feet high, moved to our nursery, on cars, two years ago 


White Pines, 


The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish 
injormation about foreign travel THE G A R DE N M A G A Z I NE 


JANUARY, 1910 


Plant Large Pines and Evergreens Now 


Do it now, because it is the best time to do it. 


Best, because 


For screens to shut out laundry yards, stable, or some objection- 


it tears up your grounds least. In the spring the ground is able feature, they are just the thing. 


soft; you are in a hurry to get everything else done, and every- 
body else is in just as much of a hurry. 


has to wait. 


Besides, if you do it now, you will have the beauty of their 


greenness all winter. 


We can move and plant these big trees with absolute safety, 


Of course, some one and will deliver them by wagon within driving distance, or ship 


on cars, whichever you like. 
Our candid opinion is it’s best to buy big trees, because you 
get immediate results— no long waiting for them to grow; and 


We have hundreds of pines, cedars and evergreens in our most evergreens on the market are small. 


nursery that have been root-pruned. 


They are strong, healthy 


Come to our nursery and pick them out for yourself, or order 


trees. Many of them twenty feet high, and some of the pines from the catalogue. But doit now. 


have a spread of fifteen feet. For ornamental purposes they 


are exceptionally fine. 


Isaac 


HONEST! Have you conquered the SAN JOSE SCALE? 


Hieks 


Westbury, Long Island 


Or let us send an expert crew and apparatus to move large 
evergreens from your vicinity. We can work at it all winter. 


@ Son 


B. G. PRATT COMPANY, 50 CHURCH ST., N. Y., will guarantee that it can be done with 


“SCALEGIER 


for less money, with less labor and more effectively than with Lime-Sulphur or anything else. 

Prices: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gal. cans, $6.00; 5 gal. cans, $3.25; 1 gal. cans, 
$1.00. If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOLEINE” at 30c. per gallon is the equal of ANYTHING ELSE. 
Send today for free Booklet, “Orchard Insurance.” 


See article in this issue on home made Sprays. Then note how simple 
**Sealecide” is to mix and use at same cost and equal efficiency. 


'Growing Tomatoes for Quality, 


Quantity and Earliness 


| is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture. _ It 


contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising 
tomatoes. By this method you can have biggerand better fruit and weeks earlier 
than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture; forcing the 


3 fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every 
4% gardener, whether he grows one dozen or one thousand vines. The subjects cover- 


ed are: History of the Tomato; Its Natureand Habit; Tomato Culture in General; 
The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home-Grown Plants; Preparing the 
Ground; Setting the Plants; Cultivation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking 


the Fruit; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 40 Tomato COE Best Tomato Seeds. 


‘The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants. 


The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my garden this 
season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, perfect fruit from top to 
bottom. This is the result of my method, It is easy to raise this kind of fruit 
when you know how. Just send for my beok—price 50c., postage or money 
order. Your money back if not satisfactory. 


FREE SEED —To everyone ordering my booklet within the next 30 days I 
will send FREE with each book one package each of the best varieties of early and 
late tomatoes. I make this offer so that you will get ready now for your spring 
gardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rush is on. Send for my book- 
let to-day and I know you will be thankful that you made sucha wise investment. 


pEeT.c. TT. F, POTTER, Tomato Specialist, DOWNERS GROVE, Ill. 


Doctoring House Plants 


ERY few of the diseases, often so destructive 

in the greenhouse, attack house plants. 

An unhealthy condition of the plants, however, 

is often caused by lack of ventilation, too little or 

too much water, too high or too low temperature. 

Coal and escaping illuminating gas also must be 
guarded against with the greatest care. 

For both insects and diseases, an ounce of pre- 
vention is worth a hundred-weight of cure. See 
to it that your plants have proper soil and drain- 
age, and that watering and temperature are not 
neglected. Be sure that no insects are brought in 
from outdoors on the plants. : 

Also provide for the evaporation of water near the 
plants, that the air may be kept sufficiently moist. 
Syringe the foliage upon bright days; and three or 
four times a month dip the small plants into soapy 
water, followed by a dip intoclear water. Sponge off 
the large plants with the same preparation, and 
follow with a clear water syringing. 

The three insects most likely to give trouble are 
probably familiar to all who have ever attempted to 
grow plantsinthe house. They are the green aphis, 
mealy bug, and red spider. 

The aphis, or common green plant louse, is of 
sufficient size to be plainly visible; but it keeps to 
the undersides of the leaves and shoots, where its 
presence is unsuspected, and often for a while 
escapes detection. It is a sap-sucker, multiplies 
with great rapidity, and greatly injures the vitality 
of the plant. Unless checked at once, before 
many of the insects are full grown, it is difficult 
to get rid of. 

The conditions favorable to its attacks — poor 
ventilation, partial shade, and plants crowded 
together — should be changed immediately. Use 
tobacco, applied in one of the following ways: 
Syringe the plants (using one of the small hand 
syringes for sale by almost all seedsmen), and then 
sprinkle thoroughly with tobacco dust. Some 
brand made especially for this purpose is a great 
deal better than the ordinary dust, which is apt to 
have but little strength. If possible, apply the dust 
with a bellows, so as to get it on evenly, particularly 
under the leaves, where it is most needed. If the 
plants are not too large, invert them while apply- 
ing the powder. Allow the dust to remain on the 
plant for twelve or eighteen hours, and then thor- 
oughly syringe with clear water. Jf necessary, 
give the treatment again in two or three days. 

If you cannot readily procure the dust, get some 
tobacco stems from a florist or grain store. Steep 
two or three handfuls in a pailful of warm water, 
until the latter is the color of strong tea. Syringe 
the plants thoroughly with this. Or, if a tub can 
be procured, make enough tea to immerse the 
foliage of the plants in. Let the moisture remain 
upon the leaves a few minutes, and then dip the 
plant in clear water. 

Tobacco extracts, used according to directions 
coming with them, and kerosene emulsion are also 
ood. 

R The mealy bug is a white, cottony-looking mass, 
easily seen. It seems to be most fond of the coleus, 
fuchsias, and other soft-wooded plants, thrives in 
a hot, dry, close atmosphere, and is apt to keep 
out of sight in a mass of leaves or in some corner 
until there is a great number, when they infest 
the undersides and stem-joints of the leaves. 

If there are only a few insects upon the plants 
when you first discover them, take a fine feather 
or small, stiff brush, and with this apply alcohol, 
kerosene, or coal-oil to the insects, killing them 


ti 


JANUARY, 1910 


XK 


who has WASHING?and* 
CLEANING to°do uses 


PEARLINE 


Simple —a child can use it 
@ Use without Soap, Borax 
Naphtha or Petroleum. 


ToWash in Boiling Water 

Fill wash - boiler half-full of 
water; for each pailful therein, add 
a tablespoonful of PEARLINE. 
Put in finest pieces first (not too 
many at a time), stir well until 
they come to a boil, Rinse thor- 
oughly in two or three waters. 
Table- and bed-linen, towels and 
white clothing, are thus beautifully 
washed without being rubbed to 
pieces on the washboard, but cloth- 
ing much soiled should be soaked 
before boiling. 

Wash Flannels by hand in 
lukewarm PEARLINE suds; rinse 
thoroughly in warm water; wring 
dry; pull and shake well, and they 
will keep soft without shrinking. 
Dry in warm temperature. 


To Wash without Boiling 


Pour as many pails of water 
into a tub as will cover the wash ; 
add a tablespoonful of PEAR- 
LINE for each pailful therein; stir 
until dissolved. Soak the clothing 
in this solution two hours, or over- 
night; stir well; and rub out the 
parts most soiled in this suds. 
Wring out; rinse well in two or 
three waters, and they will be clean. 

For Washing Dishes, PEAR- 
LINE. is magical—a teaspoonful in 
the dishpan; and, for cleaning paint, 
milk-cans, windows, silver, jewelry, 
etc., use PEARLINE suds. 

To Make Soft-Soap.—Dis- 
solve one pound of PEARLINE 
in a gallon of boiling water, add 
three gallons of cold water; stir 
together and, when cold, you will 
have four gallons of soft-soap. 


Millions Use It 


THE COUNTRY HOUSE 


By Chas. Edw. Hooper. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


I} you wish to purchase live-stock 
write the Readers’ Service 


y Ie ig “gy, Raa = 
Gy POOL AG 


A GREENHOUSE 
REASONABLE IN PRICE 


B* reasonable just what do you mean? 
First and foremost, we mean an every way 
practical house, made of the best materials, just 
the best we know how. Now such a house 
can never be made cheap, but it can be, and is, 
reasonable. 


With such a house, made such a way, you 
will be able to do what you want to do. You 
will not be wishing in a year or so that you had 
built it better. 


You will have no vexatious troubles with the 
heating, and some night freeze out your roses, or 
have to hustle in oil stoves which is just about 


as bad. 


Being our Sectional Iron Frame Construction, 
it can be easily enlarged with least expense. 


If you want curved eaves, we can build it 
that way. 

Considerable saving was accomplished in this 
house by partitioning off one of the sections for 
a work room, and building a cellar directly be- 
neath it for the boiler. 

Now that you are so thoroughly interested in 
greenhouses, and have finally determined to have 
one, don’t make the mistake of calling in your 
carpenter to build one; or order, sight-on-seeing, 
one of the cheap, “‘ready-to-wear” kind. You 
will pay more in the end in either case, and you 
won't get what you want in both cases. 

We have been building greenhouses for over 
half a century, and we know some things about 
it that count. Do you want further particulars 
of this house, or our booklet showing others ? 


LORD AND BURNHAM COMPANY 


NEW YORK 


IRVINGTON 
N. Y. St. James Bldg. 


Actions 
and 
Reactions 


Mr. Kipling’s new volume of stories contains 
a wonderfully varied and characteristic col- 
lection. The contents: “An Habitation En- 
forced,” “With the Night Mail,” “A Deal in 
Cotton,” “‘The Mother Hive.” “Little Foxes,” 
“ The Puzzler,” ““Garm—A Hostage,” and “The 
House Surgeon.” Illustrated $1.50. Also in the 
leather Pocket Kipling. Net $1.50 (postage 8c.) 


BOSTON 
Tremont Bldg. 


Rudyard |" 
Kipling 


PHILADELPHIA 
Heed Bldg. 


CHICAGO 
The Rookery 


Song 
of the 
English 


For this well-known poem, which is a typical 
example of Mr. Kipling’s superb rendering 
of heroic and national thought in verse, 
Mr. W. Heath Robinson has prepared a mag- 
nificent series of illustrations. There are 
thirty full pages in color, ten full pages in 
black and white, and pen decorations on 


every page. Net $7.50 (postage 30c.) 


Rudyard Kipling’s Books 


in Full Size 


Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.) 


**Puck of Pook’s Hill. Illustrated 
in color. 1.50. 

They. Special Holiday Edition. 
Illustrated in color. Fixed price, 
$1.50 (postage 10c.) 

**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50. 

**The Five Nations. Fixed price, 
$1.40 (postage | Ic.) 

** Just So Stories. Fixed price, $1.20 
(postage 17c.) 

The Just So Song Book. Fixed 
price, $1.20 (postage 8c.) 

Collected Verse of Rudyard Kip- 
ling. Fixed price, $1.80 (post- 
age 14c.) 


**Kim. $1.50. 


**The Day’s Work. $1.50. 
**Stalky & Co. $1.50. 
**Plain Tales fromthe Hills. $1.50. 
**] ife’s Handicap; Being Stories of 
Mine Own People. $1.50. 
**T he Kipling Birthday Book. $1.00. 
**Under the Deodars, The Phan- 
tom ’Rickshaw and Wee Willie 
Winkie. $1.50. 
The BrushwoodBoy. Fixed price, 
$1.50 (postage 8c.) 
With the Night Mail. Fixed price, 
$1.00 (postage 10c.) 
Kipling Stories and Poems Every 
Child Should Know. Net $1.20 
(postage 12c.) 


**The Light that Failed. $1.50. 

**Soldier Stories. $1.50. 

**kThe Naulahka (With Wolcott Bal- 
estier). $1.50. 


**D epartmental Ditties and Ballads 
and  Barrack-room Ballads. 


$1.50. 


**Soldiers Three, The Story of the 
Gadsbys, and in Black and 
White. $1.50. 

**Many Inventions. $1.50. 

**From Sea to Sea. Fixed price, 
$1.60 (postage 14c.) 

**The Seven Seas. 
$1.40 (postage 14c.) 


Fixed price, 


A practical and comprehensive treatise on house building. Elab- 
orately illustrated. $3.36 postpaid. 


Doubleday, Page & Co. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East Sixteenth Street, NEW YORK 


133 E. 16th St., New York 


509 The Readers’ Service gives informa- 
292 tion about real estate. 


Trinidad Lake 
Asphalt 


is the greatest weather-resister 
known. It makes roofing last. 
We use it to make Genasco— 
and we own the Lake. 

If you want your roof in- 
sured against leaks, damages, 
and repairs get 


Genasco 
Ready Roofing 


Mineral and smooth surface. 
Look for the trade-mark. Insist 
on the roofing with the thirty-two- 
million-dollar guarantee. Write 
for samples and the Good Roof 
Guide Book. 


THE BARBER ASPHALT 
PAVING COMPANY 


Largest producers of asphalt and 


on the spot. If there are so many that this cannot 
be done, brush as many as possible from the plants 
into a pan containing water and kerosene, syringe 
the foliage with whale-oil soap or kerosene emul- 
sion, and then with clear water. 

The red spider — only one twentieth of an inch 
long — is not so easily detected, especially as he 
confines his ravages to the undersides of the leaves. 
But his presence is soon made manifest by the leaves 
upon which he is at work, which turn light green, 
show minute yellow spots, turn yellow, and finally 
fall off. The red spider is very tenacious of life, and 
hard to get rid of when once firmly established. 

If you suspect the presence of the red spider 
make the atmosphere at once as moist as possible, 
and keep it so. Syringe the plants. freely and as 
forcibly as possible with cold water. Evaporated 
sulphur, or flower of sulphur, dusted upon the 
plants will also help. If the plants are not too 
large, a quick, simple, and effective remedy is to 
dip the top quickly two or three times into hot 
water of 140 to 165 degrees. Be careful to hold 
the ball of the plant so that it will not slip out of the 
pot. This treatment will not injure the plant, and 
it is valuable against aphis and mealy bug, as well 
as against the spider. 

Sometimes plants upon which no insects can 
be found will look sickly and turn yellow, appar- 
ently without cause. Often in these cases it is the 
blue aphis that is at work, which will be found 
by the score in clusters on the roots. Plants 
which have been stunted, or kept too dry, are 
especially liable to their attacks. 

Remove the plants from the pots, shake out the 
roots, and wash them in soap-suds, or what is better, 
a whale-oil soap solution, using one-quarter pound 
of soap to two gallons of water. Then repot the 
plants in fresh soil. If this cannot be done, apply 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


“Ouilt” 


A “Comforter” that will Keep the 
Whole Family Warm 


A house lined with Cabot’s Sheathing 
~ Quilt will be wind and frost proof. It will 
be warm in winter and cool in summer. No 
heat can get out nor cold get in, or vice versa. 
It is not a mere paper or felt, but a thick 
matting which retains the warmth as a bird’s 
plumage does. “/¢ is cheaper to build warm 
houses than to heat cold ones.” 


Sample and catalogue free on request. 


SAMUEL CABOT, Inc. 


1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. 
AGENTS AT ALL CenTRAL Points 


JANUARY, 1910 


Grow Mushrooms 


ers of read Bi 
ee a eee eo d y tobacco tea (made as above) to the roots freely for Or Bor Kono ne 
g ° four or five days. Ten years’ experience enables me to give prac- 
ADELPHIA tical instructions that will add $5 to $60 per 
PHIL week to your income without interfering with 
regular occupation. 
New York iReaerniile . : For. full particulars and free book, address | 
San Francisco “asEas Conditions Remedies JACKSON MUSITROOM FARM, 5446 N. Western Ave., Chicago, Dll. | 


Chicago 


l\LOOK OUT | 
'FOR SPARKS : 


No more danger or damage from flying | 
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire- 
place screens. Send for free booklet 
“Sparks from the Fire-side.”’ It tells about 
the best kind of a spark guard for your in- 
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for this free 
booklet and make your plans early. 


The Syracuse Wire Works 
“108 University Avenue, - Syraeuse, N. ¥. 


Aphis, green and/Shade; poor/Tobacco—dust or tea; 
laick= suey ae ventilation] kerosene emulsion; hot 
thick foliage] water bath; insect pow- 


A gentleman wishes to find a place for a 
handy man who has been his farmer nearly 
ten years. Absolutely honest, sober, obliging 
and reliable. Especially recommended for 
taking entire charge of a small place. 


Lock Box 10 Bedford Station, N. Y. 


er. 

Aphis, blue....... Stunted growth] Whale-oil soap solution; 

lack of water] repotting; tobacco tea 
applied to roots. 

Thrips, + inch,)/Shaded places;|Kerosene emulsion; Paris 

long, brown or| crowded] green—xz teaspoon to 
black; they eat..| plants.....- 12 quarts water. 

Mealy bugs. ) Brush off; coal-oil; kero- 


Corners; close, 


Other scale in- } sene emulsion; hot 
GAS csssocccs dry air. ...- water. 
Red spider........ Hot, dry at-|Moisture; sulphur; hot 
mosphere...| water. 
Rose-beetle ....... Hand picking; wood ashes. 
White flies (Aley- Kerosene emulsion. | 
rodes)-- eee ees 
25¢ x Co Slulgsive ames Beene Dae Conners: Sirslacked ee Sweet | 
ampness; de-| ene ran an aris . - 1. 5 
Py Earns sueeal.|| savscrn. To introduce our high grade seeds we will send a regular 
$4 00 a Year AmiISE < OSS Insect powder; molasses size packet of 
: Angle worms Dampness; Tne iio raion tobacco Beet, Imp roved Blood Turnip; Lettuce, May King; 
oS aa hey Bilal ieee aml wehaceo Ghia Radish, Scarlet Turnip White Tipped; Nastur- 


tium, Dwarf mixed; Sweet Peas, Finest mixed,’ 
and a copy of our 1910 Seed Catalogue for 10 cents. 
Remember, these are regular size packets and should not 


washed into soil. 


——- 


Itgives you the beauty and joy of the openevery 
month and helps solve your problems. “The 
smell of the soil is on its pages”—and the 
smell of the flowers and the forest is there, too. 
Its fields embraces: building, gardening, 
sports, automobiles, nature study, live stock, 
poultry and dogs. A year’s subscription in- 
cludes three double 50c numbers—The March 
Gardening Manual, October Housebuilding 
Number and The Christmas Annual. 


To make the kerosene emulsion, use 2 ounces of 
soap (whale-oil is much better than the common), 
I quart of boiling water (over brisk fire), 2 quarts 
of kerosene oil. Dissolve the soap in boiling water, 
remove from fire, and add oil. Churn or beat until 
of the consistency of cream. If correctly mixed, 
the emulsion, on cooling, will adhere without 
oiliness to glass. Use rain water, if possible; if 
not, add a little baking soda to the water. 

For scale insects, dilute with 10 parts of water; 
for aphis and soft insects, with 15 or 20 parts water. 
In using kerosene emulsion, apply in fine spray. 
Remember it must come in contact with the insect 
to be effective. 


New York. F. F. R. 


A Correction 


Cy attention has been called to one of the 
captions appearing on page 179 in the No- 
vember magazine. It is not the empress tree there 


pictured but the shining bamboo, the correct cap-- 


tion for which appears under the photograph of 
gunnera on page 181. 


be compared to those sent out in some collections. By 
all means send to-day for our catalogue. Larger and 
better than ever. It’s Free. 


M. H. BRUNJES & SON 
1581 Myrtle Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


1910 WD Tal 18) 


JANUARY, 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


‘Stokes Standard SEFDS 


It’s “garden seed wis- \ 
dom” to make your plans \\ 
early — and my new 1910 
catalogue will set you 
dreaming of the joys to 
come in the plot of ground 
just outside your window. é 

You get good things from your 
garden that money can’t buy—health 
and vigor, and better things to eat than } 
you can get inthe market. But your 


success depends largely upon thevarieties 


you select. 
Stokes’ Seed Catalogue is one of the hand- 
somest, most helpful and most complete cata- 


logues ever published. It tells how to get the 
most and best out of your garden; how to make 
sure of getting the choicest varieties of vege- 
tables and flowers; and it shows by actual photo- 
graphs what the seed has produced—what you 
can raise yourself. 

Write to me today, mentioning The Garden 
Magazine, and IJ will send you my catalogue free. 


WALTER P. STOKES 
““Stokes’ Standard ’’ Seeds 
Dept. A, 219 Market Street, Philadelphia 


WITH THE 
“EMPIRE KING” 


a bugs, worms, blight, etc., will have no 

AY for you. Best construction, perfect agitators 

no scorched foliage. We make all sizes and styles of Gasoline 
Engine Sprayers. Free Book on Spraying, Agents wanted. 

FIELD FORCE PUMP C0. 48 Eleventh St., Elmira, N. Y. 


If You Want to Know 


THE BEST FARM PAPER 


Send 10 cents for 10 Weeks 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER, 419 Pearl St., New York 


SEEDS, PLANTS, ROSES, 


Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs, etc. Hundreds 
», of car lots of FRUIT and ‘ORNA- 
Y MENTAL TREES. 1200 acres, 50 in 
A jj} nardy Roses, none better grown, 
af greenhouses of Palms, Ferns, Ficus, 


a erous to mention. Seeds, Plants, 

=) Bulbs, Roses, Small Trees, etc., by 
KNez{ mail postpaid. Safe arrival and satis- 
7 faction guaranteed. Immense stock of 
SUPERB CANNAS, the queen of 
bedding plants. 50 choice collections 
cheap in Seeds, Plants, Roses,etc. Elegant 168-page Cata- 
log FREE. Send for it today. and see what values we give 
for your money. Direct deal will insure you the best at 
first cost. 56 years. 4 


THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box s6, Painesville, Ohio. 


Try Kerosene Engine 


30 Days Free 
Gasoline Prices Rising 


You can’t run a farm engine profitably on gasoline much longer. 
Price of gasoline going sky high. Oil Companies have sounded ‘the 
warning. Kerosene is the future fuel and is now 6c to roca 
gallon “cheaper than gasoline. The Amazing ‘‘Detroit” is 
the only engine that uses common lamp Kerosene (coal oil) 

jam perfectly. Runs on gasoline, too, better 
than any other. Basic patent. Only 3 
moving parts. Comes complete ready to 
run. We will senda ‘Detroit’? on free 
trial to prove all claims. Runs all kinds 
of farm machinery, pumps, saw rigs, 
separators, churns, feed grinders, wash- 
ing machines. Silo fillers and electric 
lights. Money back and freight paid 
both ways if it does not meetevery, claim 
that we have made for it. Don’t buy 
till you get our free catalog. 2 to 24h. p. 
in stock. Prices #29.50 up. Special dem- 
onstrator agency price on first outfit 
sold in each community. 2000 satisfied 
users. Wehave a stack of testimonials. 
=) Write guick. 


The Amazing “DETROIT” 


Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich. 


The Readers’ Service will aid you 
im planning your vacation trip 


YOU NEED A COPY OF 


The Garden and Farm 
Almanac for 1910 


If You Own 
a Garden, 
a Farm, or 
a Country Place, 
or Hope to 


293 


The Garden and Farm Almanac tells you how, 
when and where to plant and grow to the very best 
advantage all flowers, vegetables, crops, shrubs, trees, 
and lawns—contains elaborate planting tables for every 
season of the year—tells how to fight all insect enemies 
—shows what needs to be done about the place each 
month for its better maintenance—devotes many pages 


to all garden and farm building operations—is full of new and attractive ideas 
and suggestions which make the Almanac something a great deal more than just 


a collection of facts and data. 


The Garden and Farm Wet 


is, in a word, a ready reference guide of every-day value, covering the entire 


field comprehensively and expertly. 


you on any subject whatsoever pe 


It will answer every question for 
rtaining to the garden and farm. 


@ The 1910 Almanac will be bigger and better than ever before, 


containing many new features. T 


over 200 pages fully illustrated. Every subject carefully indexed. 


Price 25 Cents net a Copy 


he text will be made up of 


Doubleday, 
Page & Co. 
New York 


Please send me, 


postpaid, The /9/0 


Almanac, 
I enclose 25 cents. 


Doubleday, Page & Co. 


133 East 16th St. 


BOSTON NEW YORK CITY 


There is no corner so shady but that certain ferns and plants will thrive 
there. Thereis nosoilso light and sandy butthat some of our hardy wild 


ferns will bea 


and flowers and know what is suited to each condition. 


CHICAGO 


ett’s Ferns and Flowers 


For Dark, Shady Places 


utify it. For 25 years we have been growing these hardy ferns 
We can supply 


fernsfor the dark corner by the porch, orferns and flowers, including our 
native orchids,in quantity, to make beautiful country estates. Wet and 


swampy spot! 


8, rocky hillsides, dry woods, each may be made beautiful by 


plants especially adapted to them. Nothing adds greater charm to the 


home grounds than clumps of thrifty ferns. 


We also grow the hardy 


flowers which require open sunlight—primroses, campanulas, digitalis, 


violets, etc. 
Write for 


my descriptive catalogue, Ittells about this class of plants. 


EDWARD GILLETT,Box C, Southwick, Mass. 


Garden and Farm 
for which 


BY The Readers’ Service will give information 
294 about the latest automobile accessories 


THE 


Some Greenhouse Sense 


Of course, it is a good bit more interesting to read of 


the wondrous flowers and juicy fruits that can 
grown in a greenhouse, instead of being bored 


curved eaves, wide glass spacing and all such struc- 


tural talk. 


But there is just one thing, about it, you can’t put up 
“for-the-time-being’” way, 
and raise anything but disappointments. The very 
idea that you have had in mind has been tried out 


a greenhouse in a cheap, © 


time and time again with either of two results: 


amount of work required is out of all proportion to the 
flowers and vegetables obtained, or repair costs are so 
high that the greenhouse is finally abandoned. 


You would not think of going to your local black- 


smith to have him build an automobile, and for exactly 
the same reason, it pays to puta little additional money 
into a greenhouse an 
attraction to your place, and that lasts as long as you live. 


ave it right—one that is an 


Send for the U-Bar catalog and spend an evening 


getting acquainted with the ins and outsof this question. 


U-BAR GREENHOUSES 


PIERSON 
DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS 


Plant Your Garden 
Seeds in It Now 
$250 Buys It 


It will pay you to buy this greenhouse 
right now and start your flower and 
vegetable plants going. Your garden 
will then be 6 weeks ahead this year. 

Next fall you can bring plants in 
before frost and have a flower garden 
all winter. No hobby is more delight- 
ful— none so inexpensive. House 
shipped ready for immediate erection. 
Price includes everything —even the 
boiler—no extras. Send at once for 
complete booklet. 


Hitchings & Company 


1170 Broadway, New York 


in advertising it 


U-BAR CO. 
1 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK 


For durable painting of all kinds use National 
Lead Company’s Pure White Lead ( Dutch Boy 
Painter trade mark). Information on request. 


Ash for Outfit 5 
NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY. ai 11 Broadway, N. Y. 


We grow a general line of Nursery Stock; everything TREES 
required in this Northern latitude. We spend our time 
and money growing the best stock possible, and very little 
i ising it. We have always depended upon satis- 


fied customers to do our advertising and have never been 
disappointed. Send for our catalog and price list. 


The Bay State Nurseries, 


FAVORITE F LOWERS. We will mail 
you FREE one packet of the following 
Flower Seeds: 

DELPHINIUM (Larkspur). Bee-shaped flowers, 
purple, pink, blue and white. 

ANTIRRHINUM (Snapdragon). Striped and var- 
iegated. Ornamental for walls. 

DIGITALIS (Foxglove). White, rose and yellow 
flowers. Makes beautiful border plant. 

ILOLLYILOCKS. Double flowering. Very inter- 
esting and of easy culture. 

AQUILEGIA (Columbine). Canary yellow flowers 
of easy cultivation. 

All of the above five varieties mailed to 

you for one dime and our catalogue in- 

eluded. Others are securing them, why 
not you. 
WM. ELLIOTT & SONS 
41 Vesey St., New York 


North Abington, [ass. 


GARDEN MAGAZINE 


1910 


JANUARY, 


Winners in the Garden Contest 


IVEN below is the list of prize winners in the 
first GARDEN MaGAzINE Contest for chil- 
dren’s garden work. In some cases no first prizes 
Were given, since no one’s work stood out clearly 
as the very best. In the group prize division, Class 
II, C, there was a tie for the prize, so the ““Garden 
Library” was presented to each contestant instead 
of dividing the real group prize, “The Nature 
Library.” 


CLASS I-—INDIVIDUAL PRIZES 


A.—For the best flowers in a home garden: 


ist Prize. Frank A. Woods, Groton, Mass. 

2nd Prize. Helen Sutcliffe, New Paltz. N. Y. 

3rd Prize. Dorothea Dunlop, Clarksburg, Mass. 
B.— For the best flowers in a school garden: 


ist Prize. Mabel Jane Musser, Cleveland, Ohio. 

2nd Prize. Margaret Paterson, Yonkers, N. Y. 

3rd Prize. Anna Doyle, Yonkers, N. Y 
C.—For the best vegetables in a home garden: 


ist Prize. No first given. 

and Prize. Grace E. Chadwick, Lanesboro, Mass. 
Alex. Barclay, Ardonia, INGO’, 
Ferris Malcolm, Ardonia, N.Y. 

3rd Prize. Rose Van Wey, Barrytown, INE NG 
Norman Bothrick, Barrytown, N. Y. 
Everett Lins, New Brighton, S. I. 
Josephine Rust, New Paltz, N. Y. 

D.—For the best vegetables in a school garden: 


ist Prize. No first given. 
and Prize. James Mooney, Yonkers, N. Y. 
3rd Prize. George Ackerly, Yonkers, N. Y. 


E.—I. For the greatest variety of vegetables: 


ist Prize. Roger Newton Perry, Worcester, Mass. 
2nd Prize. Charles Pike, New Ashford, Mass. 
3rd Prize. Paul H. Wilson, Groton, Mass. 


II. For the greatest variety of flowers: 


ist Prize. Harvey McArthur, Melrose, Mass. 
and Prize. Edward Vlasak, Chicago, Ill. 
3rd Prize. Ruth Kline, Great Barrington, Mass. 


CLASS II.—GROUP PRIZES 


A.—For the best display of garden products at its 
mid-summer or fall exhibit: 
Fairview Garden, Yonkers, N. Y. 
B.—For the finest looking garden, irrespective of 
the amount of product: 
De Witt Clinton Park Garden, New York City. 
C.—For the greatest improvement of school grounds: 


The Tracy School, Lynn, Mass. 
The Briggsville School, Clarksburg, Mass. 


The School Garden Book. By Clarence M. Weed 


and Philip Emerson. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New 

York, 1909; pp- 314, illustrated. Price, {1.25 net. 

A volume of class-room helps for teachers, dealing 
with the school garden month by month. The 
summary of each month’s work is in the form of a 
garden calendar, clear, concise and practical. 


——— 


(ee 


ry What is a fair rental for a given 
JANUARY, 1910 DHE GARDEN M AGA Thy MIN 18, property? Ask he Reader Service 29! 


SA 


RELIABLE 
SPRAYERS 


HE Experienced Fruit Grower is the man 

who realizes the importance of using only 
high-class Sprayers. He knows that spraying is 
what you make it—a hard job or an easy prop- 
osition, depending on the outfit. Most Grow- 
ers have learned that it doesn’t pay to bother 
with cheap ones. Goulds’ Sprayers have a rep- 
utation to maintain. They comprise a line of 


Over 25 Styles 


for both Hand and Power—all simple—all 
working parts brass to withstand wear and the 
chemical action of the solutions. Don’t be 
caught experimenting with a cheap sprayer—see 
that the name Goulds is cast on the pump. Its 
presence is the assurance you are buying the 
very best Sprayer made. It guarantees satis- 
faction and reliability. Write for our book. 


“HOW TO SPRAY— 
WHEN TO SPRAY— 
WHAT SPRAYER TO USE”’ 


It is full of interesting infor- 
mation and contains most valuable 
formulas for spray mixtures. Copy 
sent free on request. 


The GOULDS 
Manufacturing Co. 
82 W. Fall Street 
Seneca Falls, N. Y. 


We build Pumps for Every Service 


FAIRFAX ROSES 


CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free 
W. R. GRAY Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX, CO., VA. 


“THE WORLD'S STANDARD” 


E LAVA 
SEPARATORO 


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO 


165-167 BROADWAY, 42 E. MADISON ST. 
NEW YORK. CHICAGO. 


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Irrespective of CALMED, Season or Climate 


The Kewanee System of Waiter 
Supply is the original air pressure, 
tank-in-the- basement system— 
a complete independent water- 
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Our ten years of practical involving ees at ae pressure welcad 
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It is the original water supply system problem. 


Kewanee Tanks and Pumping Machinery 


give perfect service under all conditions. Write 
for our complete illustrated Catalogue No. 16. 


Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, III. 


1566 Hudson-Terminal Bldg. , 50 Church St., New York. 
305 Diamond Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 1212 Marquette Bldg., Chicago 


CLARK’S “CUTAWAY ” 
EXTENSION HEAD ORCHARD HARROWS 


Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers 
and fruit makers, 

Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine 
and new life and kills foul vegetation. The ‘‘CUTAWAY”’ disc slices, stirs, lifts, 
twists and aerates the soil. 

These harrows are made in 20 sizes to extend beyond eZ 
team under low limbs of trees. The double Jevers give | a 

the driver full control of the tool at all times. Clark’s Cutaway 
Tools run lighter and do better work than any other machine, either 
harrow or plough, and when properly used are guaranteed to pro- 
duce 25 to 50% more crops. Will lasta lifetime. 
Send today for FREE Booklet describing 120 sizes and styles. 
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY 
902 Main Street HIGGANUM, CONN. 


The Readers? Service will gladly furnish 
information about foreign travel 


O. HENRY’S 


Successful volume of tales (it has already amused and 
delighted thousands of readers) 


Roads of Destiny 


“Tf anyone else writes such stories as O. Henry, he has not yet 


Verily O. Henry is a wizard.” 
Pittsburg Gazette- Times. 


296 


broken into print. . . . 


“The best living American short story writer.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 


“As long as we have O. Henry’to make fiction for us, there is no danger that the 


$1.50 


Boston Transcript. 


writing of the short story may become a lost art.” 


THE OTHER O. HENRY BOOKS 
The Four Million The Voice of the City 


$1.00 $1.00 


Heart of the West Cabbages and Kings 


$1.50 $1.50 


The Trimmed Lamp 


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The Gentle Grafter 


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DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co. 133 East 16th Street New YORK 


TREE SURGERY, FORESTRY 
AND ORCHARD RECLAIMING 


This is our work. We have spent a lifetime learning how. Our men are 
trained, practical and experienced and always under the supervision of an expert. 


We want to talk with you about your trees. Write us and we will tell you what 
we can do to save your ornamental trees or to put your orchard where it will pay. 


The cost will be less than you expect. Don’t hesitate; drop us that postal now. 


C. E. PERSONS & COMPANY 


Landscape Gardeners Erie, Pa. Tree Surgeons 


THE ROOFING THAT RESISTS 


Sendto J. A. & W. BIRD & CO. 
29 India Street, Boston, Mass. 
FOR BOOKLET ON REX FLINTKOTE ROOFING 


RAT KILLED BY 


Discriminating 


Thousands 


are following the work of 
MISS UNA L. SILBERRAD 
with increasing interest and admiration. This 
author depicts the normal life of normal but in- 
teresting people with assurance and illumination. 
The growing circle of Miss Silberrad’s readers 
has notably increased since the publication of 


“The Good Comrade” and “ Desire”’ 


The previous books are 


SCIENCE 


Send for booklet on the wonderful bacteriological preparation which exterminates 
rats and mice and yet is harmless to other aniinals, birds and human beings. 


DANYSZ VIRUS 


INDEPENDENT CHEMIOAL COMPA 


Dept. V 25 Old Slip, New AY voxk City 


Double the Quantity of Water 


delivered by any other deep well cylinder 
pump, is raised by the 


‘“‘American” 
Deep Well Pump 


The reason is it delivers the full | 
capacity of the cylinder beth on 
the DOWN-stroke and the UP-stroke, § 
making it actually double capacity. 
There’s a revelation to pump users in 
our new Deep Well Pump Catalog. 
The American Well Works 
Gen. Office & Works, Aurora, Ill. Nui 

First National Bank Building, Chicago 
Reinecke, Wagner Pump & Supply Co., Pittsburg, 


“Curayl” 

“The Wedding of the 
Lovell” 

“Petronilla Heroven” 

“The Success of Mark Wyngate” 

“Princess Puck” 


“The Lady of Dreams” 


Lady of 


For Sale at all Bookstores 


® THE WoRLD's WORK THe GARDEN 
MAGAZINE 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Go. NEW YORK. 


Per Volume, $1.50 


COUNTRY LIFE 
IN AMERICA 


Pa. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 


1 both garden and fields. 


JANUARY, 1910 


Time-saving Tools for Use in 
_ the Garden 


HEN I bought my place in the country I 
thought I was acquainted with all good 
garden tools, but I have learned my mistake. The 
former owner left all his implements, among which 
were two strange-looking things that seemed home- 
made. I would willingly have given them away, 
but they were permitted to hang where they were 
found until we gradually began to employ them, 
idly at first, much as a Hottentot would kill game 
with a rifle, using it for a club, not knowing that it 
could be fired. Somuchfor ignorance. By degrees 
the hoe and hook were found to be of prodigious 
importance in the work of gardening, where but 
little time morning and evening was available— 
important in results accomplished in limited time; 
also in saving the fingers from getting rough from 
contact with the soil. 

The hoe is a blade of thin steel, 24 inches wide 
and 12 inches long. It is riveted to a strap of iron 
which is fastened to a hardwood handle. This 
strap has indeed been drawn out so that it is car- 
ried nearly round the handle, thus giving addi- 
tional strength to its clutch. The hoe is not for dig- 
ging in hard soil, but for going rapidly over the 
surface of a garden after a rain, to prevent drying 
out, or to kill a million little weeds that begin to 


Two time-saving tools for garden work which can 
be easily and cheaply made 


show. And it is invaluable also for the quick hill- 
ing of corn, tomatoes, squashes, cucumbers, etc., 
where the soil is mellow. It saves at least one- 
half if not two-thirds the time required by the 
common hoe, and equals a wheel hoe in my estima- 
tion. The ends of the blade are not cut off square, 
but the lower corners are acute angles that dig into 
places as no common hoe can be made to do, reach 
under plants, hooking out weeds, and skilfully draw 
and fling the soil about tender sprouts of corn and 
other newly born plants. 

And the hook is cousin to the hoe. It breaks 
the crust on the surface of the beds where the seeds 
have been sown, it mellows the little flower beds 
where I was prone to put my fingers before the 
hook was discovered, and it picks up stones in 
I had previously tried a 


. - ‘Ifa problem grows in your garden write to NT 
JANUARY LOO ate H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, if N E the Readers’ Service jor oth oe 297 


»KODAK 


at the 
orth Pole 


Meehans’ 
Garden 
Bulletin 


should be in the 


hands of every 
reader of Garden 
Magazine. It is a 
; Ce i de om valuable monthly 
= NURSERYMEN =< HORTICUCTUPIS «3 gardening paper. 

Sa date eet A Edited by experienced 
horticulturists—men who know of what they 
speak through actual, practical experience. 


Write today for a free copy, or send ro cents for three 
months’ trial subscription. One year 50 cents. 


Are you going to plant? If you are ex- 
pecting to use trees or hardy plants send for 
our big, valuable plant book of 64 pages. 
Give size of your property when applying. 


Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. 


Box 17, Germantown, 


Phila., Pa. 


Finest cut flower line of 


ASTERS, DAHLIAS, 
GLADIOLI, PERENNIALS 


Strong root divisions, select seed and bulbs, 


“‘Being satisfied since my first expedition in 1891 that the Eastman 
cameras and films were best suited for this class of work, I have used 
both exclusively in all of my Arctic expeditions since, and it is to this 
that I attribute the fact that I have brought back a series of photographs 


which in quantity and quality probably exceed any other series of 

grown just as you will have to treat them. 
Also 

HENRY METTE’S CELEBRATED 

QUEDLINBURG FLOWER SEEDS. 

Send for my list. 


photographs obtained from the Arctic regions.’’ 


SPOS 


RALPH E. HUNTINGTON, Painesville, O. 


Water Your Flowers Once in 2 Weeks 


Wherever adverse conditions demand absolute 
dependability in photographic equipment—there the 
Kodak goods are chosen. The photographic success 
of Commander Peary’s expedition is fully demon- 
strated by the pictures—all of them from Kodak films, 
illustrating his thrilling, historic narrative now 
running in HAMPTON’S MAGAZINE. 


That's all that is necessary if you use the time-saving, labor- 
saving, all metal, rust-proof and leak-proof 
Ilinois Self-Watering Flower Box 

You will have better, hardier, longer-lived plants. Our box is for indoor 
or outdoor use. It is inexpensive and sold on 30 days’ FREE Trial. 
Descriptive booklet FREE. 

ILLINOIS HEATER & MANUFACTURING CO. 
33 Dearborn Street Chicago, Ill. 
603 Kamm Bldg. San Francisco, Cal. 


Peters Scanpscinierabe PLCASE 
Pelers J2urs b 
PLAS or 325 Knovrile Gem POUCONS 


IZad 


<N RDS 
‘Belpre Eauis> heep Manure 
5 ee ef 


4 Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad EASTMAN KO DAK COMPANY 


odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, Catalogue free at the 


lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. dealers or by mail. ROCHESTER, N. Y., The Kodak City. 
$4 QO LARCEBARREL. Cosh with Order. 
e Delivered to your Freight Station. 


Apply now. 
The Pulverized Manure Go., Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 


ICK’S Garden 
and Floral Guide 


1910 Edition Free to You 


We’ve made it bigger and better and 

more helpful than ever. ‘Tells all 

about Vegetable and Flower Seeds, 

Plants, Shrubs, Trees, etc. No mat- 

ter how small or how large a plot you 

plant, you will need Vick’s Guide. 
Write for it to-day — now 


JAS. VICK’S SONS, 362 Main Street, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 


SUBURBAN 


GARDENERS 


Find in the Iron Age Book devices of which they never dreamed for the 
easy, economical, exact cultivation of the pleasure-profit garden. Think 
of one pair of easy-going handles performing every operation from the 
opening of the soil to the gathering of Nature’s reward and you have a & 
slight idea of Iron Age methods. : Re 
Whether you planta hill, a row oran acre, whether you do it your- 
self or employ others, you must know about these Iron Age labor 
saving, yield-increasing implements if you want to get the full 
return for your labor or investment. The Iron Age book will be 
forwarded upon request to readers of The Garden Magazine. 
Read it and be a better gardener. 


BATEMAN MFG CO., BOX C, GRENLOCH, N. J. 


The Readers? Service will give you, 
298 RoR raatin Goon Gy boats ay H E G A R D i N M A G A Z, I N E 


BERCKMANS’ GOLDEN ARBORVITA: 


Our trade is with both North and South, and _ 
for handling it we are admirably located. Here it 


(Biota Aurea Nana.) Originated in our nurseries. 
Most popular of all Biotas. Very dwarf, compact 
and symmetrical. Has withstood 10 degrees below 
zero Without injury. Fine for formal gardens, 
small yardsand cemetery plots. Ideal for window 
boxes, tubs and vases. Now selling in quantities 5 
in leading cities North and East. . 


Our Catalogue Free 


Describing this magnificent Biota, and giving @& 
prices on various sizes*and shapes; also full 
and complete line of other plants and trees. 
Our specialties are specimen Conifers for 
immediate effect, hardy ornamental Shrubs 
and field-grown Roses. 


P. J. BERCKMANS CO., Inc. 


You can sift a 
whole week’s ashes 
quickly by a few 
turns of the crank, when you use a 


HILL’S HUSTLER 
ASH SIFTER 


It makes a big cut in your coal bills. No 
maid objects to using it. Enclosed rotary 
sifter drops out clean coal in scuttle 
without the least dust. Fits wood 
or jron barrel. Soon saves its cost. 
Big descriptive Folder 83 free. 
Send for it. 


HILL DRYER COMPANY 


408 PARK WORCESTER 
AVENUE MASS. 


7” A Mess at all seasons 


ES x of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar 


40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your 
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the 
manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of 


” Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN 
the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book 
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising» 
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will 
be sent to the same party, Further orders must come through your dealer. 


Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn. 
WITH OR 


S U N-D I A L WITHOUT 
PEDESTALS 


Send for illustrated 
price list H 29 
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO 
Chicago, Ill. 
New York Office, 1123 Broadway 


Fruit and Ornamental 


IRISH ROSES Tres 


and HARDY PERENNIALS. 


JANUARY, 1910 


is cold enough for us to grow the hardier trees, 
shrubs and plants, adapted to northern latitudes. 
With slight protection during winter we also 
produce many things for tropical and sub- 
tropical planting. 


From September to March 


We ship open-ground stock, as we are seldom 
frozen up for more than a few days, even 
in the coldest winter. Our trade extends 
from the Canadian border to Cuba and Cen- 
tral America. For northern }planting our 
stock has proved its hardiness. 


Box 1070 A, AUGUSTA, GA. 


While you plan 
for 1910 | before 


you plant 


let us know your problem and submit our 


Suggestions and 
Planting Plan 


Practical, economical landscape service, based 
on thirty years’ experience on fine large and 
small estates, public parks, etc. Detail planting 
list and exact cost given with each plan. 

Our booklet, “ Beautifying Home Surround- 
mugs,” will be sent free, prepaid, on request. 
Tells most practical way to plant for immediate 
effect; illustrates and. describes best methods 
of handling the very problems that will confront 


you. 

Make the most of your landscape — get our 
suggestions, booklet and 68-page Tree, Ever- 
green, and Hardy Plant Catalog at once. 


OV ET LANDSCAPE 


SERVICE 
J. T. Lovett, Box 125, Little Silver, N. J 


ROSES 


Seems rather earlv to offer them now! But it isn’t when you consider 
the saving to you by ordering now. 

Here is how you save the money. If we know to-day how many 
Roses you want for spring planting we can place our orders 
with more exactness and without overstocking. To carry stock over 
to next season costs money and if we can save this we prefer to give 
you the benent of the saving. 


For a limited time only we make this offer 


Strong, Hardy, 2-year-old Low Budded, Field 1 00 
Grown Roses, Guaranteed true to name for e 


Your choice of the following varieties: Crimson, Pink, Yellow or 
White Ramblers--Baby Rambler. 


Alfred Colomb Etoile de France Prince C. de Rohan 
W. P. Wilder Conrad F. Meyer Duke of Edinburg 
Hermosa Gruss an Teplitz Killarney 

Gen’) Jack. Mrs. John Laing Margaret Dickson 
Liberty Capt. Christy Clotilde Soupert 
J. B. Clark La France American Bewaty 


These Roses will be listed at 30c. and 4oc. each in the spring 
catalogs. Remember this ofler holds good for a limited time only. 
Therefore place your order with us a¢ once, noting the varieties 
and quantities desired. No need of remitting the full amount of order, 
just enclose 25 per cent. asa guarantee of good faith. About April 
1sth we will notifiy you that your order is ready for shipment. That 
is time enough to remit the balance. 


Don’t Delay! Order Now! 
Our Guarantee—Satisfaction or your money back. 


F. T. LANGE, Union Hill, N. J. 


Let us send you our 1910 Catalog of Seeds, Bulbs and Plants. A 
coupon good for roc. in Mdse. goes with it. 


EVERGREENS 


Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect 


LIBERAL DISCOUNTS ON LARGE ORDERS 


Our Catalogue is a cyclopedia of information to the planter. 


Nearly 100 photo-engravings. 


LANDSCAPE DEPT. 
63 Hamilton Place 


ROSEDALE NURSERIES 


S. G. HARRIS 
TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 


potato hook for this work, but with no success, and 
feared that the human hand was the only device 
that could ever do it speedily and assuredly. 

But this short-handled invention with a crooked 
back and six equally bent fingers, the skin of which 
is never made tender, is a wonder. It will both 
dig out stones and scoop them up for the wheel- 
barrow and cart, and it will handle weeds and brush 
far faster and easier than the hand will do. 

The principal feature of this implement is a brass 
rod half an inch in diameter, bored full of holes to 
hold the fingers and the handle iron. Complete, 
it is but 14 inches long. 


New York. HOLLISTER SAGE. 


A Successful Experiment With 
Early-planted Dahlias 


Ee winter was a very mild one in this region. 

We had such warm weather that vegetables 
and flowers were growing and flowering up to the 
last of January. Deciding that we were not going 
to have any winter, I began planting roots, bulbs, 
etc. 

On January 18th I planted three dahila roots, 
covered them with two or two and a half inches of 
soil. Two of the roots were frozen on the 3oth. 
If I had covered the bed with strawy stable manure 
this would not have happened. The remaining 
root, a Mrs. Roosevelt, commenced growing about 
the middle of February, and flowered the first of 
May. Only four buds were allowed to make 
flowers at one time, the others being pruned off. 
When the first bud was open, I would allow four 
more shoots to come out; by the time the last bud 
of the first four had faded, the first of the second 
four was beginning to open. 

The weather being favorable, the plants con- 
tinued to bloom until the tenth of August, when the 
weather became so hot and dry that the plants 
could not grow. ‘They were so strong and stocky 
that they did not require support at any time. 
The flowers were from four to six inches in diam- 
eter, the last being almost as large as the first. 

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED. 


An dahlia four and a half inches in diameter re= 
sulting from an experiment in early planting 


1} you wish to purchase live-stock 900 
write the Readers’ Service 299 


ip GARDEN MAGAZINE 
l 


JANUARY, 1910 


“Twelve years’ wear 
not one cent’s worth of Repair.”’ 


A customer writes: “Zhe 6 inch Ericsson Hot-Air Pumping Engine furnished to the writer 
by you about twelve years ago has given excellent satisfaction; not one cent’s worth of repairs 


Insecticides 
That Will Increase 
Your Crops 


The necessity. for spraying fruit 
trees, vegetables and plants is now 
generally recognized by the up-to- 
date fruit grower or farmer. Good 
business principles demand systematic 
spraying. 


The important thing in spraying is 
to know what insecticide or fungicide 
to use. 


SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 


INSECTICIDES 
AND FUNGICIDES 


include a line of spraying compounds 
that will not only increase the size of 
your crops, but will improve the 
quality as well. They include: 


S-W. LIME - SULFUR SOLUTION—A 
universal fungicide and an insecticide 
for sucking insects and mites. It is 
especially effective against San Jose 
Scale, Apple Aphis, Woolly Aphis, 
Elm Aphis, Pear Leaf Blister Mite, 
Leaf Curl, Peach Moth, Red Spider, 
Cottony Cushion Scale and Scab. 


S-W. ARSENATE OF LEAD—An in- 
secticide for all leaf-eating insects. Is 
an effective spray for Codling Moth, 
Curculio, Brown Tail Moth, Canker 
Worms, Slugs and Elm Beetle. 


S-W. PARIS GREEN—An excellent 
spray for Potato Bugs. 


We have leaflets describing all of these 
products and their various uses. Write to- 
day for this information. 


THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS.Co. 
MFGRS. HIGHEST GRADE INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 


657 CANALRD., N. W., CLEVELAND, O. 


FACTORIES: 
CLEVELAND, CHICAGO, NEWARK, 
MONTREAL, LONDON, ENG. 


OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES 
IN PRINCIPAL CITIES 


has ever been needed by it.” 


Certainly no stronger statement could be 
made as to the wearing quality of a Hot-Air 
Pump. This durability is the result not only 
of care in manufacture, but is largely due to 
its simplicity of construction and operation. 
The Hot-Air Pump differs from a steam-engine 


in that it is a machine of few parts and of low, 
not of high power; the power generated being 
just sufficient for its particular purpose, i. e., 
the pumping of water ; therefore its parts are 
subject to no pressure, such as is present in a 
steam-engine. With ordinary care, such as 
oiling, cleaning occasionally, and the replacing 


Be sure that the name TeECO-RIDER or AFECO- 


MEGUSPATOT. 


pump you purchase. acusman 


of worn washers, a Hot-Air Pump will outlast 
a generation of users. Thus purchasers are 
assured freedom from expensive repairs, which 
are the usual accompaniment of all elaborate 
or intricately constructed machines. 

The Hot-Air Pump is small, inconspicuous 
and portable. It can be tucked away in a 
corner of your cellar, in the barn or wood shed; 
no elaborate structure is required, such as a 
wind-mill tower. You simply lay a pipe to the 
nearest or most convenient well, spring or run- 
ning brook and there you are, with your water 
delivered in abundance every day in the year. 


ERICSSON appears upon the 
This name pro- 


tects you against worthless imitations. When so situated that you cannot personally inspect 
the pump before ordering, write to our nearest office (see list below) for the name of a repu- 
table dealer in your locality, who will sell you only the genuine pump. Over 40,000 are in 


use throughout the world to-day. 


Write for Catalogue U, and ask for reduced price-list. 


RipeEr-Ericsson ENGINE Co. 


35 Warren Street, New York 
239 Franklin Street, Boston 


40 Dearborn Street, Chicago 
40 North 7th Street, Philadelphia 


234 West Craig Street, Montreal, P. Q. 
22 Pitt Street, Sydney, N. S. W. 


(Also builders of the new “‘ Reeco” Electric Pump.) 


RHODES DOUBLE CUT 
/ PRUNING SHEAR eae 


{ 
RHODES MFG. CO., 
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 


Pat’d June 2, 1903. 


"HE only pruner made 

that cuts from both 

sides of the limb and does not 

bruise the bark. Made in all 

stylesand sizes. We pay Express 
charges on all orders. 


Write for circular and prices 


Send for our FREE BOOKLET 


**Strawberry Plants That Grow’”’ 


A descriptive list of varieties with prices; also instruction for planting and culture of Strawber= 
ries and other Small Fruits, Asparagus and Rhubarb. 


C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES, 


Box 10, 


BRIDGMAN, MICHIGAN 


GROW YOUR OWN 
VEGETABLES 


It’s easy! A small piece of ground (a backyard will do), good seeds, and half an 
MMe hour exercise in the garden every day is all that’s necessary! Your gains will be two- SXQgy 
i fold:—You’ll have fresh vegetables and etter health. 
It’s now thirty years since we left the old farm to sell the seeds we grew and we have helped three- 
score years now to make farming and gardening more profitable and easier. We gained many friends 
and the children of men who bought of us sixty years ago are now our customers, because ‘‘True Blue’’ 
Seeds satisfied, produced fine vegetables and lovely flowers. Let us help you to the best garden you ever had! 


Free Superb New and Better Catalogue Tells How 


to raise the best vegetables and most beautiful flowers. Sixty years of practical experience come to your assistance through its pages. 
It’s the finest seed catalogue published this year! It contains more than 250 truthful illustrations, reproduced direct from 
photographs, has elegant embossed covers and insert painted from nature by a great artist. Correct descriptions will help you to 


form an idea of the things we sell, while practical culture directions will aid to make your work a perfect success. 
cost us to send you the book; it will cost you ove cent to write for one! 
first transaction with us? And you’ll always be the gainer as long as you deal with Livingston’s! 


d : Fifteen cents it’ll 
Fifteen to one—don’t you think you are the gainer in your 
Write for catalog today. 


Large packet of either Livingston’s All Season’s Radish or Lettuce Seed Mixture for 10 cents. 


Livingston Seed Company 


All Season’s Lettuce Mixture 
One sowing supplies crisp 
Lettuce all summer. 

Large Packet 

10 Cents 


459 High Street, Columbus, Ohio 
. All Season’s Radish Mixture 


One sowing supplies 
delicious kenninied 
all summer. 

Large Packet 

10 Cents 


300 


What is a fair rental for a given 
property? Ask the Readers’ Service 


Representative Groups of 
Japan Miniature Plants 
A Dainty and Unique Xmas and New Year’s Gift 


We offer: 
No. 10. Lovely Conifer, the Chabo-Hifa of Japan, 


in beautiful porcelain pot, at $2.00. 
Smaller specimen at $1.00. 


No. 11. Twisted Dwarf Pine, in unique china pot or } 
pottery crock, at $1.50. 


No. 2. A larger specimen of Conifer Evergreen, 
10-15 inches high, in very exquisite porcelain jar, 


$4.00 to $5.00. 
This forms a very beautiful gift 
We can send smaller plants from 75 cents to $2.00. 


Space forbids full description. 
We haverare old specimens from $10.00 to $25.00. 


Come and see our Xmas Exhibit at 
70 Warren Street 


You can safely entrust us to choose 
what will please you for the value. { 


G.M. 

ish Jeb 

BERGER 
& CO. 

70 Warren St., 

New York City. 

Enclosed find 

for which send. .... ee 


All goods delivered ex- 
pressage prepaid 
Address 
H.H. BERGER & CO. 

70 Warren Street 
NEW YORK 


For Spring planting, Hardy Shrubs, 
Roses and Herbaceous Perennials. 


Send for our attractive catalogue 


SHATEMUC NURSERIES 


Barrytown, Dutchess Co. New York 


Hardy New England 


TREES, SHRUBS AND ROSES 


LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG FREE 


New England Nurseries, Inc., Bedford, Mass. 


LEARN TO 


Mount Birds 


We teach you by mail to prepareand mount 
all kinds of Birds, Animals, Heads, Fish; 
Tan Skins and make Rugs, etc. Our school 


Aird 
edgy 


Wand boys. Taxidermy is a necessity for 
; hunters, trappers and Nature lovers. 
© 7 

Ey You can earn from $25 to 
& f Big Profits $50 amonth, insparetime, 
= SS Seebby mounting for others and selling your own specimens, or 
$2,600 to $3,000 a yearasa profession. Lowrate of tuition, expert instructors, 
Success Guaranteed or no cost. Write today for full particulars, 
Wesend splendid book on Taxidermy for a short 

FREE time free, also free Taxidermy Magazine and 
sample Diploma. Don’t delay, but write today. 

Learn all about our unique school, V/RITE TODAY. 
Northwestern School of Taxidermy, 4674 Elwood Building, Omaha, Neb. 


THE GARDEN M 


ET | ib 


Cigewwass 


SCALE ON CACTI 


How can scales on cacti be destroyed without 
injury to the plants? 

Tennessee. W. F. 
—The safest way to rid cacti of scale insects is to 
clean off the plants with a brush having bristles of 
only moderate stiffness. Some of the softer scales 
may be attacked by spraying, through a fine spray, 
the following solution: 5 drachms castile soap dis- 
solved in water (q.s.), to which 14 quarts alcohol 
has been added. Then add 1oo drachms of fusil 
oil. 


EXTERMINATING SNAILS 


What is the best thing to kill snails or slugs in a 
flower garden? 

New York. W. W. H. 
—The presence of snails and slugs in the garden 
usually indicates a lack of air drainage — in other 
words, too wet an atmosphere — which may be 
produced by soil conditions or by an extremely 
luxuriant growth of the plants, making air circula- 
tion impossible on the ground level. The best 
mechanical method of attack is lime dusted on the 
ground. 


WORMS IN CELERY 


Tf celery is infested with worms about an inch 
or an inch and a half long, what remedy can be used 
to get rid of the worms? 

New York. A. J. M. 
—The worms are wireworms, a name applied to a 
number of slender, hard yellow, sometimes brown 
larve which are frequently seen in the soil about 
the roots of cultivated crops. They resemble in 
some respects certain of the myriapods, but may 
be distinguished by their small number (six) of 
legs. The adult form of these insects is a click 
or snapping beetle, which, when placed on its back 
springs into the air with a clicking sound. In the 
larve condition the insect lives two or three years, 
according to the species, in the ground, and feeds 
upon various seeds and roots. In limited areas 
the larve may be treated with carbon bisulphide, 
kerosene or crude petroleum in the soil. Gas lime 
is also good for the purpose. ‘Treat the soil also 
with the gas lime several months before next year’s 
plants are set out. It is injurious to young plants. 


A BIT OF FARM LAW 


Myself and brother have rented a farm in Ohio. 
The former tenant wants to either sell us the manure 


left on the place, or else cart it away. Has he this 
right ? 
Pennsylvania. B. J. N. 


—We fail to see wherein you can lay claim to the 
manure on the land you have just rented. It is a 
by-product of the farm and as such is the property 
of the previous renter, as the skim milk from the 
dairy would be. Of course, the owner of the farm 
may have some claim on this manure by the terms 
of his contract with the previous tenant; or if the 
place was rented on shares, the- owner *would be 
entitled to his share of the manure, in which case 
he could claim it and compel its return to the land 
in the interests of his property. This is a matter 
to be settled between the owner and the previous 
renter, and the succeeding renter has no voice in its 
disposal. Disposal of manure should be specified 
in every farm rental contract, and for the best 
interests of the land the removal of no part of it 
should be allowed. 


GAZINE 


JANUARY, 1910 


Burpees Best = 
~ Giant- Flowered Pansies 
PRMTED Pom NATURE 


The Plain 
TRUTH ABOUT 
THE BEST 


SEEDS 
THAT GROW 


Reduced Facsimile of Front Cover 


Burpee’s 
The Leading American 


Seed Catalog for 1910! 


An Etecant Book oF 178 PaGcEs,—it is “THE 
SILENT SALESMAN” of the World’s Largest Mail Order 
Seed Trade. It tells the plain truth about the Best Seeds 
that .can be grown,—as proved at our famous FoRDHOOK 
Farms,—the largest, most complete Trial Grounds im 
America. Handsomely bound with covers lithographed in 
nine colors it shows, with the six colored plates, Nine Noy- 
elties and Specialties in unequaled Vegetables, and five 
of the finest Beautiful New Flowers, including two superb 
“Gold Medal” Spencer Sweet Peas. 


With hundreds of illustrations from photographs and 
carefully written descriptions it is a SAFE GuIDE to success 
in the garden and should be consulted by every one who 
plants seeds, whether for pleasure or profit. While too 
costly a book to send unsolicited (except to our regular 
customers), we are pleased to mail it FREE to every one 
who has a garden and can appreciate QuALITY IN SEEDS. 
Shall we mail You acopy? Ifso, kindly name this paper 


and write TO-DAY! 


W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. 
Burpee Building, Philadelphia. 
and most 


Largest 23m Stock of 
Hardy Plants in America 


Catalogue on Application 
ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., Pittspure, Pa. 


Apples from ** Demiag-Sprayed” orchards are all good—fruit in the middle 
or at the bottom of the barrel is the same high grade as the top layer. 
Thorough spraying Pays—when you select an outfit, remember that 


DEMING SPRAY PUMPS 


were designed by men with orchards of their own and have satisfied the 
country’s best-posted growers and Experiment Station authorities. More 
than 20 styles—hand and power. Catalogue and Spraying Calendar free. 
We make Pumps for all uses. Ask your hardware dealer for prices. 


THE DEMING COMPANY, 734 Depot St., Salem, O. 


= 
suman : i pom 


JANUARY, 1910 


THE GARDEN 


The Readers’ Service will give information 
about the latest automobile accessories 301 


MAGAZINE 


Would You? 


Would you buy 4¢ to 6c milk pails just because 
someone with pails to sell said you needed that 
many to milk a cow? Certainly not! 

Would you buy or bother with an old style 
cream separator, with 40 to 60 disks in the 
i bowl, just be- 
cause some- 
one with that 
kind of ma- 
chine to sell 
}said you 
| needed disks? 
We think not! 


POSITIVELY ALL THERE IS 
TO THE SIMPLE SHARPLES § 
DAIRY TUBULAR BOWL 


Sharples Dairy Tubulars are the World’s Best § 
Cream Separators—and have no _ contraptions. 
Twice the skimming force. Fastest, cleanest skim- 
ming. Easiest running: Most durable. Sales ex- 
ceed most, if not all, others combined. Probably 
replace more common separators every year than 
any one maker of such machines sells. World’s 
biggest separator factory. Branch factories in 
Canada and Germany. These facts prove con- 
traptions are not needed. 


Write 
for 
Catalogue 
No. 215 


THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CHESTER, PA. 
Portland, Ore. § 


Chicago, Il. San Francisco, Cal. 
Winnipeg, Can. 


Toronto, Can. 


MAKE MONEY 
GROWING VIOLETS 


The Sweetest and Daintiest Flowers. You can 
make money all the year growing them outdoors in 
cheap old frames and gardens, or in the house in 
pots and boxes. Hundreds of blossoms easily grown 
and quickly sold at handsome profit. A fascinating 
occupation or paying business for both men and 
women. Write to-day for our FREE BOOKLET, 
‘‘Money Making with Violets.’? It will interest and 
surprise you. 


Dept. 7, Elite Conservatories, Hyde Park, Mass. 


he Rayo Lamp gives a clear steady light. 


Made of brass throughout 
and nickel plated. Warranted. At 
dealers or write nearest agency. 
STANDARD OIL COMPANY 


Horsford’s Hardy Plants 
and 


Flower Seeds that Grow 


Are the kinds to plant if you live where the winters are cold. 
Plants or shrubs that kill back in winter are not desirable. New 
catalog describing a long list of the kinds you ought to know 
ready with the new year. Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Bulbs, Wild 
Flowers, Hardy Ferns, Old Fashioned Plants. Ask for Catalog, 


F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont 


Three Magazines 
For Every Home 
COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA 


beautiful, practical, entertaining. 
a year. 


$4.00 


THE WORLD’S WORK 
interpreting to-day’s history. {$3.00 a year. 


THE GARDEN MAGAZINE-FARMING 
telling how to make things grow. $1.00a 
year. 


DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., 133 East 16th Street, New York 


Page Garden Fence-FREE! 


Protect your garden, orchard, poultry yard! Page Woven Wire Garden Fence balks 
every intruder! Nothing gets through Page fence—its strands are graduated in distance 
apart from the ground up. Hence your garden is better guarded than if you had a 
man on watch day and night. 

‘‘Page fence or equal’’ are government specifications when United States buys fence 
in which utmost durability is demanded. Our free sample shows the wonderful Page 
Knot—the knot that is the continued wire itself, woven so it can’t come off. 


WHY PAGE FENCE IS IDEAL 
GARDEN FENCE 


Page Fence is High Carbon, Basic Open Hearth Steel Wire. It is the height of 
perfection in elasticity, tensile strength and durability—its use as Government standard 
proves that. It is the economical fence, for it actually saves 50 or more posts every 


100 rods—also saves staples, labor and time in setting because its stiff, coiled spring, 


horizontal wires furnish their own support for longer stretches than any other fence 
in the world. 


Its elasticity prevents breaking, and with its even tension allows perfect adjustment 
over hilly land. Houses have fallen on Page fence, pinning it to the ground, but the 
instant the weight was removed it sprang back into position as perfect asever! Think 
what that means in your especial case. 7 
Page fence is made from _({ @ 


A Million Farmers Vouch for This Fence! «22750 per 


cent stronger than common Bessemer wire and the galvanizing is 50 (7) 
per cent heavier—that’s why Page fence is the pinnacle of fence per- “Show Me” 
fection. One million farmers’ judgment backs this wonderful fence, 

a Sample of Page | 


ee Mail 2s Me” en rence EBLE 
oupon Today om 


FENCE CO. 
Box 200C Adrian, Mich. 
Please send Free Bam of Page 
_ Get this actual garden fence sample and er mente oes eaieee 
compare it with any other fence. Then you’ll 
know which fence will protect and beautify 
your garden best. Mail coupon today. 


[_Jearaen []rruit  [_|Poultry 
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. 


Box 200C ADRIAN, MICH. 


SS A 


Chickering Pianos 


SEND FOR CATALOGUE 
Chickering & Sons, 827 Tremont St., Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. 


[AMATITE ROOFING 


Mineral surfaced. Needsno painting. Send for free sample. 
BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., New York, Chicago. 


get largest crops with least work 


What’s the use of drudging to get ordinary results when a Planet Jr 
Seeder or Cultivator does six men’s work and gives you an increased 
yield besides? Planet Jrs are patents of a man skilled both in 
farming and manufacturing for over 35 years. They are light, 
strong, lasting, and fully guaranteed. 

No. 4 Planet Jr Combined Seeder and Wheel-Hoe 


saves time, labor, seed and money. Almost all useful garden implements 
in one. Adjustable in a minute to sow all garden seeds, hoe, cultivate, 
weed, or plow. Pays for itself quickly, even in small gardens. 


No. 8 Planet Jr Horse-Hoe and Cultivator 
will do more things in more ways than any other horse-hoe made. 
Plows to or from the row. A splendid furrower, coverer, hiller, 
and horse-hoe, and unequalled as a cultivator. 


The 1910 Planet Jr catalogue is free. It illustrates and 
describes 55 different implements for the farm and 
Write for it today. 


The Readers’ Service will furnish you with the names 
302 oj reliable firms in any department oj trade THE GARDEN MAGAZ I N E JANUARY, 1910 


C—O ce 


AA 


Sy 


wy ri . ie ¥ i te 4 
| i = = il —+ 
A Piedmont in Your Hall 
or window nook would lend character to your whole home. Practicability and sentiment 
are combined. Your gowns, furs and hats in a Piedmont Chest of genuine Red Cedar are 
absolutely safe from moths, dust and dampness. Piedmont Chests may be handed down as 
heirlooms—they are of such beautiful and honest craftsmanship. ” 

The Colonial Window Seat or Hall Chest, No. 58 shown, is made of 34in. Solid Red Cedar. Fitted with 
strong lock, brass casters and brass lid stay. Bound with wide bands of dull finished copper. Studded 
with heavy copper rivets. Price $22.50 delivered prepaid east of the Mississippi River. This low priceis 

ossible because we manufacture in the heart of the red cedar section and ship direct to you. y our 

pecial15 Days’ Free Trial Offeryoucanexamine this chest in your own home at no cost. If unsatis- 
factory, we even pay the return freight charges. Send now for our catalog of chests of all styles and prices. 
DEPT. §, PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST COMPANY, - STATESVILLE, N. C. 


oh 


WM. LEAVENS & CO. 


GOLD 
MEDAL 
line. Weare recognized as the builders of the best cream separator in the world, the 
Grand Prize, Seattle Exposition; Gold Medal, Inter-Mountain Four State Fair, Ogden, Utah; 
Don’t buy a separator without first seeing our large Free Catalogue No. 71. 
Adams’ Seed, white, rose and lavender; 3 pkts. pantie ns se ou a 


{In 
Al Im 
We Want To Help You 
United States Separator 
Gold Medal, National Dairy Show, Milwaukee; First Prize, Birmingham and 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls,Vt. | 
and my Lzttle Green Seed Book, toc. 


TT A ”, oo: - oD / 

Proud i oe ee = : i 2 é& _|| 
L—t NIwWtVUUUCOtOCtUj Tri iininnlnteuntmnntrnar tli | 
in making an intelligent selection of your cream separator. We are authorities in this 

The 1909 successes and achievements have been enormous. We give here only a few. 
Montgomery Ala., Fairs, and many others. 
ASTERS Single Chinese Asters 
are now the fad. ‘Try 
HENRY SAXTON ADAMS, Garden Expert, Wellesley, Mass. 


@ Reproductions of Old New England Furniture in 
the natuial wood or finished to suit the individual taste. 


‘GARDEN GUIDE AND RECORD. 


is the title of our new hand book of condensed cultural instructions, 
and which we consider to be one of our most valuable publications. One 
of our customers who has had an advance copy, says: “Jt is the most com- 


plete, concise and comprehensive book of its kind.” ‘To give our annual 
catalogue, “Everything for the Garden,” described below, the largest 
possible distribution, we make the following liberal offer: 


EVERY EMPTY ENVELOPE 
COUNTS AS CASH 


To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen and who encloses Ten Cents 
(in stamps) we will mail our annual catalogue ‘*‘ Everything for the Garden” described 
below, the “Garden Guide and Record,’’ and also send free of charge, our famous 
50c “HENDERSON” COLLECTION OF SEEDS, containing one packet each of Giant 
Mixed Sweet Peas; Giant Fancy Pansies, Mixed; Giant Victoria Asters, Mixed; Henderson’s Big 
Boston Lettuce; Freedom Tomato and Henderson’s Blood Turnip Beet in a coupon envelope 
which when emptied and returned, will be accepted as a 25-cent cash payment on any order 
amounting to $1.00 and upward. 

EVERYTHING FOR THE GARDEN, our roro catalogue is a book of 200 pages with 
joo photo engravings direct from nature. 8 superb colored and duotone plates of vegetables 
and flowers. Complete and thorough in every respect, it embodies the results of sixty years 
of practical experience. We believe it is the best we have issued and the premier horti- 
cultural publication of the year. 


35 & 37 


PETER HENDERSON & OO. cortsso sr 


MOVING CEDAR AND HOLLY 


Is January too late to transplant cedar and holly 
bushes? 

Virginia. C. M. T. 
—We would not advise the moving of any ever- 
greens during winter. August and May are the 
preferred months. The work can be safely done 
a little earlier in the spring and later in the fall in 
your part of the country than farther north. 


KEEPING AN AZALEA MOLLIS 


What can be done with a budded plant of Azalea 
mollis, kept in the house for.two months, which 
does not grow? 

New York. Ijo @D- 
—Keep the Azalea mollis in a perfectly even tem- 
perature just above the freezing point, and set it 
outdoors in the spring. It would have been better 
if you had plunged the potted plant in the soil out- 
of-doors two months ago. The plant is hardy, and 
will endure the winter. 


POULTRY YARD MANURE 


Of what value as a fertilizer is hen manure? 
Pennsylvania. Joh Ab, IR. 
—Hen manure is of value as garden fertilizer on 
account of its quickly available nitrogen content, 
and it also has a fair proportion of mineral matters. 
The best way to handle it is to compost it with earth 
and scatter on the surface. In the fresh state it 
contains from 50 to 60 per cent. water, from 1 to 
1.5 per cent. nitrogen, and about .50 to .75 of 
phosphoric acid and potash. When brought to the 
air-dry state—that is, if allowed to thoroughly 
dry in the air — it contains from ro to 20 per cent. 
of water, and the content of the fertilizing constit- 
uents is about doubled. Thus, even in the best 
condition, the products compare favorably with 
commercial fertilizers only in the content of nitrogen. 


MENDING OLD TREES 


When old trees show signs of decay, in some 
instances the trunks having decayed to the extent 
of a foot or two in height, what is the proper method 
of treatment? 

New York. E. O. M. 
—An antiseptic treatment might be of use after the 
tree has been thoroughly cleaned out and scraped. 
Perhaps the best solution to use is sulphate of 
copper. It is distinctly undesirable to use paint 
in a cavity of this sort. Better fill it with cement; 
do not have it too dry but liquid enough to pour. 
Generally speaking, the cement can be placed in the 
cavity without washing out the interior with an 
antiseptic, if great care has been taken to remove 
all decaying matter before the cavity is filled with 
cement. It is also a good plan to drive a fewlarge 
nails into the sides of the cavity if it is very spa- 
cious, which will help to hold the cement to the sides 
of the wood. 


GROWING SUNFLOWER SEEDS FOR 
POULTRY FOOD 


When growing sunflowers for poultry food, what 
is the method of procedure? 

Illinois. Jak IU, (C- 
—Prepare the soil for growing sunflowers the same 
as for corn. Plant the seed from two to three 
inches deep in drills about 34 feet apart, using 10 
to 15 pounds of seed per acre. When the plants 
are about 8 inches high thin to stand r2 to 18 inches 
apart in the row. The plants are not injured by 
slight frosts and should have been seeded before the 
corn crop was put in. This would have given the 
heads time to mature before the early frosts. Give 
shallow, level cultivation. The plant withstands 
drought, and is remarkably free from insect pests 
and fungous diseases. When the plants are in bud, 
go over the field and pull off the excess bloom, leay- 
ing only three or four heads to develop on each 
plant. Sunflower heads should be harvested before 
the seed is quite ripe in order to avoid shattering. 
When the heads have thoroughly dried the seed may 
be beaten out with a flail or some such simple appar- 
atus. Store it in small bins, barrels, etc., to avoid 
heating. 


| 
| 


Jeanette Heller, 
after whom the 
Finest Rose in 
the world was 
named. 


MERICAN 
Beauty Roses 


From the time we started in business, years ago, our greatest success has been in growing 
American Beauty Roses. To-day we are known as American Beauty Specialists, and Heller’s 
Roses are famous all over America. 
You can become as successful in growing roses as we have been if you begin right. To 
start, it is necessary to plant only good strong bushes. If you do this, if you secure vigorous 
two and three year old plants, ready to grow at once, that will bloom the first year, you 
will have an abundance of roses and a rose garden coveted by your neighbors. 
Plan your rose garden now. Send for 


Our New Book “Roses of the Garden” — FREE 


This book nes you our experience in rose culture. It is one of the most beautiful 

books published on rose-growing. Illustrating and describing all the leading varie- 
ties, giving you our experience in rose culture, it will certainly help you to start 
right and avoid failure. It also shows and describes our wonderful new rose, 


Jeanette Heller, the Finest Rose in the World. 


The ideal garden rose, strong, vigorous and healthy, free from disease and 
seldom attacked by insects. In color, it is alight blush-pink, beautifully shaded. 
It has proven to be a rose of unusual merit. Flowers may be cut from it early 
in May, and it continues blooming until late in the Fall. No rose garden will 
be complete without this rose. ne year size, 25 cents ; two years, vu. cents; 
three years, $1.00. We pay expressage on all orders. 


All our roses are sent fo you on their own roots. Before shipping we dip the roots in heavy, 
wet clay, making them practically air-sealed. They are then wrapped in waxed paper. 
By this method, the roots are kept from exposure. Write to-day for ““Roses of the Garden.”” 


HELLER BROTHERS CO., 
American Beauty Specialists, 
Box 21, NEW CASTLE, INDIANA 


Rose growing is our specialty. 
We have been at it for sixty years, and the name 
“Dingee” is to-day associated with America’s most famous 
roses. Itis a name that in itself guarantees quality. 


DINGEE, Roses 


are known as‘ The Aristocrats of the Rose Garden.’’ wonder that lovers of roses invariably plant Dingee 


They are to be found growing on most of the famous Roses. 
They 


The Government is alarge pur- Dingee Roses are positively the best grown. 
are even more beautiful and more varied than ever before. 


With seventy greenhouses, a large acreage of the finest Always sold on their own roots and warranted to grow and 
Rose land in the country, and over a million Rose plants bloom. We send plants to any point in the United States 
in a thousand different varieties to choose from, it is small and Canada, and guarantee safe arrival. 


Ghe Greatest of Rose Books Free. 


**DINGEE GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE” 


In order to help you ‘make your rose garden a success, to give you the knowledge of charming photograph reproductions in all the soft and delicate tints of Nature. The 
how to care for roses, and to make them grow and bloom abundantly, we will mail you cover contains an absolutely true picture of the marvelous new Blue Rose, the novelty 
upon request a copy of the *‘Dingee Guide to Rose Culture,” for ro1o, the leading rose of the Centuries in the Rose Kingdom. There is no other book of Reses that compares 
catalogue of America. There are 120 pages, beautifully illustrated from photographs, with it. If in the past you have failed in growing Roses, by all means secure this book 
including eight full page pictures in natural colors. These color pages are real, rich, — Vou will succeed. Now—at once—is the time to send for a copy. 


THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 37, West Grove, Pa. 
Established 1850 The Leading Rose Growers of America 


estates of the country. 
chaser of our roses for the decoration of public grounds. 


70 Greenhouses 


More Poultry Secrets Disclosed 


F you want more poultry knowledge—if you feel you don’t know it all—if 
you would like to know how the wizards of the poultry world get results— 
if you care to secure their most vital and carefully guarded secrets at trifling 

cost—you must have the new (9th) edition of ‘*Poultry 

Secrets.’’ It contains the treasured and exclu- 

sive knowledge of dozens of the world’s fore- 

most poultrymen. Do not hesitate; no confi- 

dence has been violated; every secret has been 


Obtained in an Honorable Way 


(1) by outright purchase; (2) by free per- 

mission given our poultry editor, Michael 

K. Boyer; (3) by collecting old, valuable, 

but little known methods; (4) from Mr. 

Boyer’s own 30 years’ experience. A large es 
amount of new material, never before pub- sees rag semmisane erm fad 
lished, has been added to this new (9th) ©, Rute Sow clan tho 
saint nit “mise. €dition; no poultry owner should attempt to care for his 


Jiu how care fouly and sors of werasfr stock without knowing these secret methods and discoveries. 


THESE ARE ONLY A FEW OF THE SECRETS: 


J. H. Drevenstedt’s secrets of preparing fowls for exhibitions. 

Dr. Woods’ secret of laying food for producing a large egg yield. 

The Philo System, a brief outline telling what it is and for what it is valuable. 

The Gurtiss method of producing a high percentage of pullets in the hatch. 

Selecting the laying hens—the central thought of the so-called Hogan and Palmer systems. 
I. K. Felch’s system of in-breeding without loss of vitality in the stock. 

Grundy’s method of producing 8-cents-a-bushel green feed; also the "15-cents-a-bushel" secret. 
H. L. Davis’ system of rules for preventing any loss of chicks. 

Several new food formulas, many of them the same-as expensive "patented" foods. 

I. B. Gray’s secret of fattening stock quickly and obtaining an extra price for it. 


and many others, not mentioned here 
It would be absurd to expect every bit of this information to be unknown to everyone; 
we make no such claim. But we believe that the beginner with a few hens, the farmer with 


his small flock, or the poultryman with his thousands will all find knowledge in this book which 
is absolutely new to them, and worth many times its cost. We risk our reputation on this. 


We will Pay $10.00 for any Secret Not in the Book 


provided it is practical and valuable. If it is something both good and new, a check for 
Ten Dollars will be sent at once. In submitting secrets address all communications to 


Poultry Department of Farm Journal 


Read What Purchasers Say: 


I received Farm Journal and “Poultry Secrets’? and am 
very much pleased with both. The secrets are worth their 
weight in gold. Why, I paid $5.00 for the sprouted oats 
method. You certainly give a fellow over his money’s 
worth. ANDREW F. G. Morey, Utica, N. Y. 


I purchased a copy of “Poultry Secrets’? and find many 
helpful ideas in it, especially Dr. Woods’ Egg Hatching 
Secret. Mrs. F. T. DARNELL,, Westfield, Ind. 

By putting within our reach these Poultry Secrets, you 
are doing a more philanthropic work than giving alms or 
endowing hospitals, for you make it possible for us to make 
both ends meet. L. C. Boyce, Milwaukee, Wis. 


Received your book of Poultry Secrets. It’s an excep- 
tionally instructive work, and worth $10 to any progres- 
sive poultryman. I would not care to take that for my 
copy if I could not get another. 

Rost. F. KINGSLAND, Montville, N. J. 


The Farm Journal came to hand, and later Poultry 
Secrets also arrived, all of which I was very glad to receive 
and have been greatly interested in reading same, and 
think you are doing a glorious work in diffusing such val- 
uable knowledge for so little money. 

F. B. MEADE, Boston, Mass. 


As to ““Poultry Secrets,’ I will say, I have lectured on 
this subject over the greater portion of this State for the 
past fifteen years, and have about every book that is pub- 
lished on this subject in my library, and I consider this 
book of yours the most valuable I know by far for the 
general public. L. A. RICHARDSON, Marine, III. 


Farm Journal has for thirty years made a specialty of poultry; this department is ably edited and more valuable than many specialized poultry 
papers. ‘This is only one section, however, of a remarkable magazine—a monthly with 600,000 subscribers—circulating throughout America and 
in every civilized land. Nota dreary, technical farm paper, badly printed on cheap paper, full of medical and trashy advertisements, but a magazine 
for the home, town, village or country; well printed and illustrated, clean, clever, quaint, and always cheerful; intensely practical; equally at home 
on a thousand acre farm or in a suburban back garden; in cottage or mansion, East or West; and in a dozen ways wulike any other paper you ever saw. 


Poultry Se crets and FARM JOURNAL $1.00 FARM JOURNAL 


5 Years, both for only 1011 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
@S~ Our Splendid new Farm Almanac for 1910 free, if you accept this offer within 10 days “Wa 


THE WORLD’S WORK PRESS, NEW YORK 


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