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The Garrison Church
SKETCHES OF THE HISTORY
or
St. Thomas' Parish
garrison forest
BALTIMORE COUNTY, MARYLAND
1742 1852
BY THE
REV. ETHAN ALLEN, D. D., BALTIMORE
T
EDITED BY
REV. HOBART SMITH M A.
Rector St. Thomas' Parish, 1898
with additional sketches
NEW YORK
;
James Pott & Co.
1898
• ■ . •
* * I • * •
• . . • ••'
« • • • • ; <
COPYRIGHT, [898, BY
HOBART SMITH
1
13431
PA'."- 4 'ALCONER COMPANY, BALTIMORE.
THIS HISTORY OF ST. THOMAS' PARISH.
GARRISON FOREST, MARYLAND,
IS
A F I- ECT 1 0 N ATK I , V INSCRIBED
TO
MR. CHARGES MORTON STEWART,
SENIOR VESTRYMAN.
/4 ■'
r ).
HE EDITOR of these sketches, when he
became Rector of St. Thomas' Parish, in
1888, found himself the custodian not
only of the old records and papers, hut
also of the manuscript history of the Garrison Church,
by the Rev. Ethan Allen, D. I). The Diocese of
Maryland cannot too highly honor this name. It is due
one who has kept from oblivion the names and deeds oi
vi Introduction.
early workers in the Church in this colony that his own
life and work should be remembered.
Dr. Allen was born in Plymouth County, Massa-
chusetts, of Puritan ancestry. The names of Alden,
Standish, Pryor, Carey and Waldo appear in the family
records. It is said that when four days old he "was
carried across the village green to the meeting-house
and dedicated to God in holy baptism." He graduated
at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 181s. He at once
evinced a preference for the Protestant Episcopal
Church, and, coming to Maryland, became a lay reader
at Trinity Church, West Marlboro', and studied for
holy orders under Bishop Kemp. He was ordered
deacon March 7, 1819, and priest 1821. After good
service in St. John's, Prince George's County, and in
Washington, I). C the missionary spirit was so strong
in him that he went to Ohio where he organized the
Church in Dayton, 1830; Troy, 183 1 ; Springfield,
1833 ; Hamilton, 1835 : Trinity Church, Cincinnati,
in 1844. In 1S47 he returned to Maryland where he
gave twenty-fiye years more of faithful seryice under
the Bishop he loved, Bishop Whittingham. The clos-
ing years of his life were spent in Kentucky, where he
died November 17, 1879, aged eighty-three year-.
The Hon. A. Bowie Davis, in a memorial of Dr.
Allen read before the Baltimore Convocation, said: "I
knew this venerable man as a Presbyter, saw him as the
active missionary of the Diocese, traveling from parish
to parish, presenting the cause of missions in bold,
Ilntroouction. vii
eloquent and irresistible appeals ; in Church conventions
I saw, on several occasions, such men as Judge Chambers,
Samuel }. Donaldson, Hugh Davy Evans, and even
Bishop Whittingham call on Dr. Allen upon questions
of church history and the early settlement of the
Church in Maryland, and his opinions were accepted as
conclusive upon the subject matter oi inquiry. He
was the first to discover and rescue from oblivion the
important historical fact that the Maryland Toleration
Act of 1649 was ^ue to Protestaiit and not to Roman
Catholic suggestion and enactment."
The manuscript history of this parish was pur-
chased in 1884 from Judge Win. A. Stewart by Mr.
Samuel H. Tagart, a vestryman, for $75.
At that time Col. William Allen, Principal of
McDonogh School, proposed to edit these sketches and
publish them, but unfortunately he was not able to
carry out his purpose. After his death the duty and
privilege devolved upon me, and with this in view I fre-
quentlv conversed with Mr. Thomas Cradock, the
senior warden. His father and mother both were
grandchildren of the first Rector, the Rev. Thomas
Cradock. His father born in 1773, (died i860) was
twenty-two years old when Mrs. Thomas Cradock, the
widow of the first Rector, died. The traditions of the
parish are therefore direct and reliable. Mr. Cradock
repeated these traditions with the utmost care for accu-
racy. When some doubted whether the brick in the
church really came from England, Mr. Cradock would
viii flntrotmctton.
say, "my father told me and his father told him, and in
those days, sir, gentlemen told the truth."
These sketches by Dr. Allen were largely derived
from Mr. Cradock's father, but the honor is due Dr.
Allen for their preservation in this form, and also for
the careful searching of the old records. The Editor
has gone over the records and made a few corrections <>t
dates, and has added notes, but has not attempted to
revise the stvle. He has also corresponded with the
descendants of early Rectors and vestrymen, and is in-
debted to them for interesting facts. The late Rev.
Andrew Oliver, I). I'., Professor in the General Theo-
logical Seminarv, (died October 17, [897, in his seventy-
fourth year) contributed valuable information concern-
ing his grandfather, the Rev. Thomas Fitch Oliver,
who died as Rector oi this parish in 17^ Dr. Oliver
was greatly interested in the publication of this Parish
History, and only the day before his death dictated to
his son some data which I had asked; two weeks before
his death he enclosed me a photograph from an old por-
trait of his grandfather, and gave me permission to print
an interesting letter about chanting, which will be
found in these pages.
Mr. Robert Andrews, of p'.ast Orange, X. ].. the
great-grandson of Rev. John Andrews, D. D., Rector
of this parish [782—1785, has helped materially by his
research concerning his distinguished ancestor.
A most interesting feature of this book of sketches
lc
\\
ill be found in the contributions of Miss Katherine
flntroouction. ix
Cradoek, of "Trentham," of notes of the conversation
of her father, Mr. Thomas Cradoek.
Miss Sophie DeBntts Stewart has added attractive-
ness to the book by her illustrations ; and Miss Louisa
Hopper, of New York, by a pen-and-ink sketch, has
brought into light a faded portrait of Rev. Thomas
Fitch Oliver.
My part has been the sometimes tedious work of
verifying dates and preparing all the matter for publi-
cation. There is abundant opportunity for the imagina-
tion to illumine the facts gathered here, and some of
the characters would serve well the writer of romance.
As a Parish History it is not remarkable for the record
of great sacrifice, or of conspicuous personal devotion.
It is a sad story in the long periods of vacancies in the
reetorate, and in the struggles of Rectors with a
scant v living made possible only by teaching school.
Bnt there have always been a faithful few to whom the
old Church has been dear. While there are many
colonial parishes in Maryland, few are as old as this
where the walls of the first church building remain.
Antiquity has its value ; bnt the valne is greater if
that which is old increases in strength and stows in
usefulness. It does not detract from the veneration of
the old walls that they are not yet ruins, bnt have been
extended in recent years to gather in twice as many
people as when Dr. Allen closed his historical notes.
This has been accomplished without violence to the
colonial features of the architecture. Like the English
X
UntroNicttcm.
Church in the Reformation, which kept that which was
valuable in Liturgy and in Doctrine, and yet adapted
itself to the growing intelligence and spiritual freedom
of Christian civilization, this little parish church of
Maryland colonial days has kept to the old, and vet
seeks to gather in the life of the present. Chapels and
meeting houses have multiplied within its ancient par-
ish bounds ; its children have been scattered and sepa-
rated, but still it is here as a "witness and a keeper" of
the truth.
That it will continue to bless is assured by Divine
promise, and they are happy who share its work and
blessing.
This book goes forth with a prayer that its pages
may inspire a greater love of the Church, and that it
may serve as a memorial of "the labor which is not in
vain, in the Lord."
Hobart Smith.
St. Thomas' Rectory.
Garrison Forest, Maryland.
Advent, 1898.
XTable ot Contents.
PART I.
CHAPTER I.
Benedict Bourdillon— The "Forest Inhabitants"— The
Garrison — Chapel of Ease — Parish Incorporated . . i
CHAPTER II.
Parish Organized — Vestry — Record— Thomas Cradock —
Education — Romance — Marriage — Archbishop Cra-
dock 7
CHAPTER III. — 1745-1770.
Vestry House — Communion Rail — Bachelors Taxed —
Church Plastered — Surplice Bought 13
CHAPTER IV.— 1747-1770.
Thomas Cradock — Sermons — Meeting of the Clergy —
Psalms in Verse — Death of Parson Cradock ... 22
CHAPTER V.— 1770-1775.
William Edmiston — The Methodists — Chapel at the
Forks — Chalice and Paten Bought — Communion
Table Covered With Green Cloth — The Revolution —
A Tory Parson , 28
CHAPTER \T.— 1775-1782.
Thomas Hopkins — Vestry Renounces Allegiance — Vestry
Act 1779 — Rev. William West 36
CHAPTER VII.— 17S2-1785.
John Andrews — Tries to Reconcile the Methodists — Dr.
Coke — Mr. Asbury — Provost Universit}r of Penn-
sylvania 43
CHAPTER VIII.— 1785-1797.
Thomas Fitch Oliver — Pews Re-rented — George Ralph —
Parsonage Built 50
CHAPTER IX.— 1797-1805.
John Coleman — A Soldier of '76 — A Methodist Preacher —
Left the Methodists — 1784 — Marriage — Rectory En-
larged— Glebe Purchased — Census Ordered ... 57
CHAPTER X.— 1805-1810.
John Armstrong — A Methodist — Ordained by Bishop
White — Pew System Set Aside — Lottery to Pay for
Glebe — Mr. Armstrong asked to Resign .... 67
CHAPTER XL— 1810-1819.
George Ralph, locum tenens — John Chandler — The
Churchyard Wall — Joseph Jackson — Elected — Dis-
missed 75
CHAPTER X II.— 1 820- 1 849.
Charles C. Austin — Major David Hopkins — Parish of the
Ascension — Churchyard Wall Completed — Death of
Mr. Austin 80
CHAPTER XIII.— 1849-1852.
Jacob B. Morss — Joseph J. Nicholson 88
CHAPTER XIV.
William F. Lockwood — Rectory Enlarged — A Review —
End of Dr. Allen's Manuscript 93
PART II.
1852-1898.
CHAPTER XV.
Repairs and Improvements — Dr. Maynard's Legacies —
Death of Mr. E. D. Lyon — The Pipe Organ given . 105
CHAPTER XVI.
St. Mark's on the Hill — Church Road Macadamized —
Vestry Sued— W. Strother Jones — Assistant Rector —
Mr. Lockwood's Death no
CHAPTER XVII.
Hobart Smith — Plans for Enlarging Church — Mr.
Tagart's Generous Gift — Plans Carried Out —
The La Farge Windows — Growth of the Parish . 117
PART III.
Biographical Sketches 127
The Gists— The Howards— The Owings— The Car-
nans — Capt. John Risteau — George Bramwell — The
Moale Family — The Lyon Family — The Worthing-
tons — The Cockey Family — The Hunt Family — John
Gill— Dr. Randle Hulse— Dr. Thomas Cradock-
Major John Cradock — Abel Brown — Charles Walker
— Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker — Joseph West —
Rev. George Ralph — Rev. Jacob B. Morss.
APPENDIX.
A. The Colonial Fort.
B. Subscriptions for Building Church. "
C. Journal of Secretary of Commission to Treat With Indians.
D. Names of Bachelors Taxed.
E. Correspondence of Drs. Andrews and Cradock.
F. A Page of the History of Chanting.
G. Names of Rectors.
H. Vestrymen, Wardens, Delegates.
I. Donations for Church Improvement, 1890.
J. Statistics (1898) of Parishes and Churches within Ancient
Bounds of St. Thomas'.
Xist of ITllustratiotis.
The Garrison Church, (before any additions were made.) Frontispiece-
Sophie de Butts Stewart.
The Church Porch, S. de B. S V
Rev. Ethan Allen, D. D i
The Most Rev. John Cradock 9
Facsimile First Page Vestry Record 13
The Howard House Ruins, S. de B. S 35
Rev. John Andrews, D. D 43
Rev. Thomas Fitch Oliver 51
"Where Old Frank Lives," S. de B. S 53
The Old Rectory, S. de B. S 56
"Ulm," Where Samuel Owings Lived 63
The Lottery Ticket 74
Rev. C. C. Austin, Rev. J. B. Morss, Rev. William F.
Lockwood, Rev. W. Strother Jones 93
The Garrison Church (1869) 103
St. Thomas' Rectory 109
Rev. Hobart Smith 117
The Garrison Church (188 1 ) 121
Interior Garrison Church 123
A Friendly Character 128
"Atamasco," Residence of Charles Carnan 139
A Corner of the Churchyard 145
Williamina Smith 155
The Garrison Fort 171
The Test Oath 185
Il>art I
t
\
REV. ETHAN ALLEN, D.D.
^be (Samson Cburcb,
CHAPTER I.
Benedict Bourdillon.
fto
N AUGUST, 1739, the Rev. Benedict
Bourdillon was presented to the Parish
of St. Paul's, Baltimore count}7, by Gov.
Ogle, then Governor of the Province of
Maryland, and thus became the incumbent ; for by that
name the rectors of parishes were then called. He
came to Maryland in 1737, and appears to have been
an energetic and efficient clergyman/0 In May, 1741,
he proposed to the vestry of St. Paul's the building, by
subscription, of a chapel of ease for the accommodation
of trie ''forest inhabitants."
The "forest inhabitants" were the residents of what
was then called, as it ever since has been, the Garrison
Forest. It was so called because of a fort, and garrison
of soldiers, under Capt John Risteau, high sheriff of
(1) Mr. Wm. FI. Corner, who is in possession of a manuscript history of St. Paul's Parish,
by Dr. Ethan Allen, furnishes the following information concerning Mr. Bourdillon.
"His wife was Johanna Gertruij Janssen, and was the niece of .Sir Theodore Jansen,
and cousin of Lady Baltimore. In another entry in the book she is called Mrs.
Janett Jansen Bourdillon, and also Jane Bourdillon. The Bourdillons were quite
intimate with the family of Gov. Thomas Bladen, who was a brother-in-law to
Lord Baltimore. Gov. Bladen was God-father and Mrs. Bladen God-mother to
Mr. Bourdillon's son, Thomas, born August 6, 1742."
2 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
the count}', stationed there for the defense of these
frontier inhabitants against the Indians. The garrison
was not far north of where the United States arsenal
now is, and was on Capt. John Risteau's plantation.(I)
St. Paul's Parish, at this period, extended from the
Patapsco River on the south to the Pennsylvania line on
the north, and from the Patapsco Falls and the county
line on the west to the Chesapeake Bay on the east,
and to the Middle River, the big Gunpowder Falls, the
Western Run, and Piney Run on the north-east, by
which streams it was divided from St. John's Parish.
The proposition for building the chapel was
adopted by the Vestry ; and the Rector and Vestry
drew up a memorial to the Governor and General
Assembly, stating that the Parish Church in Baltimore
Town was found to be very inconvenient to a great
part of the parishioners, especially the forest inhabi-
tants, and asking that an act might be passed for their
assistance. The reason of this application is found in
the fact, that in the charter, by which the territory and
government of the Province of Maryland was given to
Lord Baltimore, in 1632, "the license and faculty of
erecting and founding churches, chapels and places of
worship, on suitable and convenient places within the
province," was granted and confirmed ''unto the said
Lord Baltimore." And the granting of this license
and faculty to applicants had been deputed by him to
the Governor of the Province and the General
(i) See Appendix A.
Zhe parisb Kncorporateo. 3
Assembly. No church, chapel, or place of public
worship, could be erected and established in the province,
by any denomination of Christians, but by their author-
ity. The people themselves were entirely debarred of
this liberty and right.(l)
The memorial of the Rector and Vestry of St.
Paul's having been duly presented in October, 1742, an
act was passed by the General Assembly, in accordance
with the wishes of the memorialists, by which William
Hamilton, Christopher Gist, Samuel Owings, Chris-
topher Randall and Nicholas Haile were empowered to
receive voluntary subscriptions for the purchase of two
acres of land where most convenient, and to build a
chapel thereon, as desired by the memorialists. And
in case, also, such contribution should not prove suffi-
cient an assessment on the Parish was granted, which
assessment was not to exceed ^133. 6s. 8d. or about
$354.70, in any one year, nor continued for more than
three years.
The subscription ordered by the Vestr}7, and au-
thorized by the former part of this act, was accordingly
made, and the names of the subscribers, together with
the amounts severally subscribed by them towards the
building of the chapel, are given here from the records
of the Vestry of St. Paul's of that date. It will doubt-
less be interesting to many of the present residents of
(1) This statement must be modified. It is true as to the erection of any Parish or Church
of the Established Church, but there must have been considerable freedom, as to
the exercise of public worship at this time by the Dissenters. In this Parish Suter's
Meeting House was erected by the Baptists about the same time as Garrison Church .
See also "Old Virginia and her Neighbors." Vol. II, page 165.— John FtSKE.
4 Hbe Gairison Gburcb.
St. Thomas' Parish to see who were the original con-
tributors for the erection of the old church. For this
reason they are here inserted. (I) These subscriptions
amounted to 4400 pounds of tobacco and ^64. 10s.
currency. These sums, it must be remembered, were
over and above what each one was required, by the act
of the Assembly, to pay annually for the three successive
years. The amount which Mr. Bourdillon subscribed
was nearly double that of any one else. St. Thomas'
Church owes much to the personal exertions and influ-
ence, as well as to the money contribution, of the
Rev. Benedict Bourdillon.
In 1743 the site of the chapel was selected, and
two acres were purchased of Christopher Gist for ^4.
or $11.70. It is on land thus purchased that
St. Thomas' Church was then erected and still stands.
The deed conveying it to the Vestry was acknowledged
July 19, 1743, before T. Sheridan and Charles Ridgely,
Esqrs., two of His Majesty's Justices.
During this and the coming year, some progress
was made in the erection of the chapel edifice. The
walls were carried up, and the roof covered in. The
bricks of which it was built were brought from England,
but falling short somewhat of the requisite number,
the gable ends could not be carried up to a point
by four or five feet. This accounts for the peculiar
appearance of the tipper part of both ends of the roof.(2)
(1) See Appendix B.
(2) The " peculiar appearance of the upper part of both ends of the roof " does not now
exist. In 1S70 it was found necessary to entirely replace the roof. The chairman
H>eatb of fll>r. JSouroillon. 5
It was not the .original design. The edifice was 56 feet
long, by 36 feet in breadth. It was a spacious build-
ing for its day, and admirably well built.
At the same time, and in the same act which pro-
vided for the building of the chapel, it was enacted,
that at the death of the Rev. Mr. Bourdillon, Soldiers
Delight and Back River Upper Hundreds, being all of
St. Paul's Parish north of the Old Court Road, leading
from the Patapsco Falls and Joppa, then the county
seat, in which the chapel was to be built, was to be for-
ever separated from St. Paul's Parish and erected into
a new parish to be called St. Thomas'. The chapel
was then to be the Parish Church of the new parish
thus created. This event soon occurred, for on the fifth
of January, 1745, the Rev. Mr Bourdillon died. At that
date, therefore, according to the before mentioned act,
St Thomas' became a separate and independent parish.
The territory of this parish then extended from the
south line, separating it from St. Paul's, just stated, to
the Pennsylvania line on the north, and from the line
separating Baltimore county from Anne Arundel and
Frederick counties on the west, to the Big Gunpowder
Falls on the east ; and on the north-east, to the Western
Run, Piney Run and a line north-west in the same direc-
tion, separating it from St. John's Parish, now St. James'.
of the committee was Mr. Noah Walker. Mr. John Ellicott, architect, in Balti-
more, was consulted. The gable ends were carried to a point, and a sharp pitched
roof took the place of the former picturesque hip roof, much to the regret >>f many
of the people. The distinctly marked line (referred to by Dr. Allen, and often
mentioned by Mr. Cradock, where the brick which had been brought in the second
year of the erection of the church commenced) was lost, and modern brick, laid
in the modern way of building, instead of what was called the Flemish binding,
detracted from its antique character.
6 XLbc Garrison Cburcb.
At this time the inhabitants north of the Church
were but few. The patent for the laud four miles north
of it, now known as the Worthington Valley, bears date
1740, only five years previous to this time, and was of
course all wild-wood. The Indians, bears, wolves
and deer were then common in that region, and so con-
tinued to be for years thereafter.
CHAPTER II.
Thomas Cradock.
N THE fourth of February, 1745, under the
Act of Assembly referred to the parish-
ioners assembled at their Parish Church,
and elected Nathaniel Stinehcomb, John
Gill, William Cockey, Joshua Owings, John Hamilton
and George Ashman, Vestrymen ; and Peter Gosnell
and Cornelius Howard, Church Wardens Christopher
Randall was, at the same time, appointed Register, with
a salary of ^5. currency per annum, about $13.30.
On the same day the vestrymen and wardens held
their first meeting. The Rev. Thomas Cradock then
showed his letters mandate from His Excellency,
Thomas Bladen, Esq., Governor of the Province of
Maryland, dated January 14, 1745, to exercise the office
of minister in St. Thomas1 Parish. At that time, and
so it had been in the Province from the year 1692, the
appointment of a minister to a parish was not in the
hands of the parish, nor in the hands of the vestry, as
it now is. The appointment was at the disposal of Lord
Baltimore, the proprietary of the Province. It was
given him in his charter. And he exercised this, his
8 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
appointing power, by his Governor. Indeed, by that
charter, he held the appointment of ministers of all
denominations to their respective churches ; and no
church of any name could have a minister to officiate but
by his appointment, whether Episcopalian, Romanist,
or Puritan,"' and so it continued until 1776, except from
1692 to 1714.
Mr. Cradock was born at Wolverham, Bedfordshire,
England, in 17 18. Wolverham was one of the
estates of the Duke of Bedford. Soon after the birth
of a younger brother of Mr. Cradock, the lady of the
Duke presented him also with a son, but so feeble was
her health that she was unable to take charge of her
infant, and the care of it was readily assumed by Mrs.
Cradock/2 He was the youthful associate of her own son;
and so tenderly and faithfullv did she fulfill her
part that she won the high regard and grati-
tude of the Duke. He consequently took upon
himself the education of the two young Cradocks. He
placed them under the same masters with his own son,
and at a proper age sent them to Oxford, where the
three pursued their studies till their course was finished.
The Duke intended both of the Cradocks for the Epis-
copate, and by such influence as he wielded were men
sometimes made Bishops at that time in England. In
the case of John, the younger brother, he was successful.
(1) It is exceedingly doubtful if this prerogative was exercised, except in appointm
in the Established Church.
(2) It appears from the Book of Peerage that the Duchess of Bedford died at this time,
This more fully accounts for Mrs. Cradock taking the child into her own home.
The Duke married again; his second wife being the daughter of L,ord Gowei
.■vo^' .. .
I III MOS I' REV. JOHN I R \DO( K .
A.RI HBISHOP OF DUBLIN.
From a Portrait in the Archbishop ^s Palace.
Brcbbisbop CraoocK. 9
After being, by the patronage of Lord Gower, who
daughter the Duke married, the Rector of St. Paul's,
Covent Garden, London, and subsequently the Duk<
chaplain, in the year A. D. 1757 he accompanied that
nobleman to Ireland, upon his accession to the Vice
Royalty of that island, and in two months after his
arrival he was appointed to the See of Kilmore. In
1772 he was translated and became Archbishop oJ
Dublin, and a member consequently of the House of
Lords. He died December 11, 1777, and was buried in
St. Patrick's Cathedral. " He was," says his biographer,
11 a portly, well-looking man, of a liberal turn of opinion,
and of a social and generous disposition." He left a son,
who, from being an officer in the Horse Guards and a
boon companion of George IV, was promoted to the
command of Major-General in India, and subsequently
knighted with the title Lord Howden.
Thomas had been intended by the Duke for one of
the Sees in England. But an attachment having sprung
up between a sister of the Duchess and himself, he was
induced by her friends to emigrate to Maryland. Mr.
Cradock was ordained Deacon, September 20, 1741. by
the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, as is shown by
his letters of orders.'" In December 21, 1 74 1 , he is styled
clerk, and was licensed by the same bishop as master ol
the Free School of Trentham, in Staffordshire. In that
situation he seems to have remained till September 25.
(i) Mr. Cradock's Letters of Orders are among the Records of the Diocese in the Mary-
land Episcopal l.ibi.u \
10 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
1743, when he was ordained Presbyter by the above-
mentioned bishop, as appears from his letters of priest's
orders. The next day, September 26th, he was licensed
by the bishop to be Curate of Blurton, and occasional
assistant at Kingsbury, Warwickshire. That connec-
tion, however, did not long continue, for on the twenty-
first of February, 1744, he received a license from the
Bishop of London to be a minister in the Province of
Maryland, and during that year he came over. On his
arrival he became the chaplain to the commissioners,
who met that year at Lancaster, Pa., to form a treaty
with the Indians. His preaching there is spoken of as
received with great acceptance.'" It is said that the Duke
of Bedford's influence with Lord Baltimore, the proprie-
tary of the province, procured him the promise of a good
parish. His patron, doubtless, looked forward to the
Episcopate for him in this country. The subject of
providing bishops for the American colonies was at that
time very warmly pressed in England. In the Histori-
cal Collections of the Episcopal Church, p. 141, it is
stated that the necessity of a bishop over the church-
men of America was now, A. D. 1740, again publicly
alluded to. Bishop, afterward Archbishop, Seeker
"depicted in lively colors the inconveniences suffered
in America, and pleaded with affectionate earnestness
for a resident bishop there as the only remedy for its
manifold spiritual privations." The privations were
(1) See Appendix C for Journal of Secretary of the Commission to treat with the Six
Nations.
Uobacco Uax. 11
indeed great. No one could be ordained to the work of
the ministry without going over to England, and being
exposed thus to all the perils of the ocean and
incurring great expense. No confirmations of church
members could be administered, and there was no one
to effectively oversee the clergy or church, or exercise
discipline. The Governor of the Province, by Lord
Baltimore's authority, could appoint a clergyman to a
parish ; but there his authority ended. He had no
power to remove him for any cause, or to control him in
any respect. But from motives of state policy no
bishop from the colonies was permitted to be appointed,
and the Duke's intentions in respect to the Episcopate
for Thomas Cradock were never realized.
Mr. Cradock's salary on taking charge of the
Parish was small. The clergy were then supported by
a tax on ever}- white male, and every servant over
sixteen years of age, of forty pounds of tobacco each.
This tax was collected and paid over by the sheriff of
the county. It was collected from all whether the}- were
Church of England men, or Presbyterians, Quakers and
Romanists ; these being the only dissenters from the
church in the colony at that time. The number of
taxables, as they were called, is found this year to have
amounted to 675 — yielding about 5325. The parish
then was a north-western frontier parish. But the
frontier parishes were in prospect better than those on
the bay shore ; for in those on the bay the land, after
having been cultivated for eighty years in tobacco,
12 TLbc Garrison Gburcb.
was being worn out, and planters were removing into
the interior. Thus, while the older parishes were,
in some instances, diminishing in population, the new
ones were becoming more populous every year. And
so rapidly- did the settlement extend in St. Thomas'
that at the time of Mr. Cradock's death the salary was
more than four times the amount when he entered
upon his charge.
In a little more than a year after his induction
into this Parish, Mr. Cradock was married, March 31,
1746, by the Rev. Mr. Chase of St. Paul's, to Catharine,
daughter of John Risteau, Esq., the High Sheriff of
the county. Mr. Risteau was a Huguenot, who had
fled to Maryland from France in consequence of the
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Strong in his
protestant prepossessions, he was so much pleased with
his daughter marrying a protestant clergyman that he
presented her with a farm, a part of his estate, which
would otherwise have descended to her brother. This
farm Mr. Cradock called Trentham, doubtless from his
fond recollections of the place in England, where he
had been master of the free school. It is ten miles
from Baltimore city, and one and a half south from the
Church. It was his residence during his life time, and
is now (1854) the residence of his grandson Dr. Thomas
Cradock Walker.'1'
(1) It is now (1898) in the possession of the widow and children of Mr. Thomas Cradock
(died July 16. 1S96) son of Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker. Mr. Cradock was the
great grandson of the first Rector in the line both of his father and mother. }\\<
name was changed from Walker to Cradock by act of Legislature, at the desire
of his father.
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CHAPTER III.
Vestry Proceedings, 1745 — 1770.
T THEIR second meeting, May 2, 1745,
the Vestry ordered two books to be pro-
cured for the use of the Parish, one for
recording the proceedings of the Vestry,
the other for registering births, marriages and deaths,
as was then by law required ; and during Mr.
Cradock's ministry the requisition seems to have been
generally complied with. These books, together with
the book of accounts procured soon after, are still in
possession of the Vestry and in fair condition. On the
twenty-eighth of the same month the Vestry agreed
with Col. William Hammond for levelling the Church
floor with earth, "within three bricks of the water table
— the said floor to be well rammed and hardened." He
was also to floor a part of the Church with brick, for
which he was to have 20 shillings, or S2.66 per thousand;
and on the brick he was to lay a floor of pine plank, on
sleepers of red or Spanish oak — as also, to build fine
pews thereon; they were to be of panel work. This
record certainly shows that the Vestry intended what
was done to be well and substantially done.
14 XLbc Garrison Gburcb.
Ou the eighteenth of Tune they also agreed with
Col. Hammond, to build a brick Vestry House, 16 feet
by 12, in the clear. The floor was to be laid with brick,
the roof to be covered with cypress shingles, the doors,
windows, boxing and barge-boards to be of pine plank
and painted. For this the Vestry agreed to give
^24 current money, being $63.84.
The first contract Col. Hammond failed in part to
fulfil, and on the twentieth of January, 1746. the Vestry
agreed with Mr. William Cromwell for building the
whole set of pews in their church, and to make the
communion table, rails and balusters around the
chancel. The balusters were to be of walnut and
handsomely turned. They were to give ^140 equal to
$372 and find the materials. These entries on the
record are interesting, not only as showing the progress
towards finishing the building, but also the expense of
those portions of it mentioned, and the cost of such
work at that time. This was all done and paid for by
money raised by private subscriptions in the Parish.
The General Assembly's provisions thus had not
proved sufficient.
On the third of March the church warden was
allowed iS shillings, or $2 40, for furnishing the Holy
Communion during the year. The fact shows us that
the Holy Communion was provided for then, as it
always should be, and by canon is required to be, by
the warden.
At their meeting, July 19 the Vestry agreed with
Booflv IRefresbment of tbe Destr\?. 15
Col. Hammond, "to paint with red the window sh utters,
doors window frames, and cornice, twice over, in the
best manner, workmanlike", for which he was to have
^f 1 1 current money, equal to $29.26, he allowing ^5
thereof, that is $13.30, provided he is seated in a pew at
the discretion of the Rector.
On the seventh of October the pews were finished
and accepted, being nineteen in number. This may seem
now to have been a very small number to have filled
up the area within the walls. But it must be remem-
bered that these pews were not made after the modern
sofa or settee fashion, for that would have given nearly
fifty. They were made, after the fashion of that day,
nearly square, having seats on three sides, with straight
backs as high as the neck of the person seated. Thirty
years ago there was not a country church in Maryland
but had these pews.
Little is recorded for some years of any particular
interest, other than the ordinary routine of business,
save the fining of vestrymen occasionally for absence
from vestry meetings, the rather frequent cases of
administering discipline in case of moral delinquency,
and the provisions made for the bodily refreshment of
the members of the vestry on vestry days. There
were, at different times, sundry duties imposed upon
vestries, by the General Assembly, which were civil
rather than ecclesiastical. Such were the nominations
of inspectors of tobacco, the returning annually a list
of the bachelors of the Parish for taxation, the taking
16 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
cognizance of violations of the Sabbath, of disorderly
houses and of lewdness, fornication and adultery.
All these came before the Vestry for their action, and
some of them were not a little troublesome.
In providing, as referred to, for their bodily
refreshment, under date of April 16, 1750, there is this
entry : ''Agreed to have a quart of rum and sugar
equivalent on each vestry day, and as much diet as will
give the Vestry a dinner, at the Parish expense " The
sexton was to provide the dinner, and have for it 8
shillings, or $1.06. But on January 7, 1752, it
was ordered "that each vestryman and warden, in his
turn, find a dinner, and a quart of rum and sugar; to
take off the great sca?idle and charge the Parish has
labored under." It was thus at that time, considered
a great scandal, and a great charge also, and the
Register, or some one else, has drawn on the margin of
the first mentioned entry a large open eye attentively
gazing at it. But, for the rector, six vestrymen, two
wardens and the register, ten men in all, this was
certainly no great amount provided for their drinking,
and the provision was beyond all question reasonable.
There was then no tavern or planter's house at hand,
and some of the Vestry lived ten miles distant. There
was this distance to ride, and much of it through the
forest, and the business before them often occupied
many hours But the circumstance is referred to
neither to apologize for, nor to find fault with, but as
showing something of the habits of the day. A Vestry
TLhc Xllse of tbe Surplice. 17
at this time was nothing less than a parish court, and
very little of the business imposed upon it by law was
strictly of a religions character. Besides what was just
now stated, the settlement of current accounts, the
providing for parish assessments and the settling of
tobacco accounts was the business of these meetings for
many years. The office was no sinecure — it was labor
and expense without pay.
February 6, 1750, we find the Vestry ordering linen
for a surplice, which cost, with the making, £/\. 2s. 6d.,
or nearly $ri. Its use in that day, in the celebration
of public worship, was common in the province, and it
was provided always at the parish expense.
In May, 1 751, it was ordered that the sexton pro-
vide a sufficient quantity of water every Sunday, and
that he be paid for it ^3, about $8 a year.
In February, 1753, it was agreed and ordered that
two of the vestrymen of this parish, or any two of the
parishioners, shall meet any two of the vestrymen of
St. John's Parish, or any two of the parishioners thereof,
at any time and place the Rev. Thomas Cradock and
the Rev. Hugh Deans, then Rector of St. John's, shall
appoint, to settle the limits and extent of the Run,
commonly called the Western Run, and that the Rev.
Mr. Cradock give notice thereof to the Rev. Mr. Deans.
This shows that the Western Run, whatever might be
settled as to its extent, was then the dividing line
between the two parishes, and so it continued to be.
In July, 1755, there was ordered a large Bible from
18 Hbe Garrison Cburcb.
England and two large prayer books for the nse of the
Church, and they were obtained. They were large
folios, noble volumes, such as the reading desks and
communion tables of the present day rarely exhibit
anywhere. They cost £8. 8s., about 522.35. It is
worth noticing here, also, that the communion expenses
for the vear were ^3. is., that is $8. This indicates
either the frequency of the communion or the consid-
erable numbers attending it, perhaps, indeed, both.
In the year, 1756, the Vestry agreed with Solomon
Wooden and William Barney to put up a gallery for
^53, or S141. Before this, consequently, there had been
no gallery in the Church, and the erection of one now
gives ground for the inference that the congregation had
much increased. The gallery was put up across the west
end of the Church.
The period to which we have now come still found
comparatively few inhabitants north of the Church, and
the country was mostly one unbroken wild-wood, where
the Indians and wolves prowled not infrequently, and
the wild deer were often seen and hunted. After the
defeat of Braddock, in 1755, at what is now Pittsbu:
the Indians passed down this side of Fort Cumberland,
to within sixty or seventy miles of St. Thomas', in large
parties, for murder and plunder. It created great alarm
over all this region, and it was probably at this time
that we hear of those who attended the Church on the
Lord's Day, burnishing their arms and preparing their
ammunition on Saturday evening, and next day at the
JBacbelors Uaiefc. 19
sanctuary placing their arms in the corner of the pews
during the hours of Divine service.
1756. Bachelor Tax. — About this time there
was an act passed by the General Assembly, in order to
repay the money expended in protecting the frontiers, to
tax all bachelors, twenty-live years of age and upwards,
worth ^100 and under ^300, about 75 cents each, and
all worth ^300 and upward, $2.66 each. And the
return of these taxables was required to be made by the
Parish Vestry. Under this law, therefore, the following
named bachelors of St. Thomas' Parish were returned
during the eight years of its continuance, as here ex-
hibited, 1 756-1 763. (I)
1763. At the November session of the General
Assembly, in 1763, there was an act passed by which
the forty pound tobacco poll-tax, for the support of the
clergy, was reduced to thirty pounds per poll, thus
cutting off one-fourth of the minister's living. This
act was to continue in force three years, but in each
successive three years it continued to be renewed. In
Mr. Cradock's case, however, what was thus taken away
was more than made up by the increase in the number
of taxables as the population extended in the new
"Hundreds" which were created. These "Hundreds",
it may be remarked here, were much what our election
districts now are.
The number of taxables in the parish as returned
in 1766 were 1522, giving the amount of tobacco for the
(1) See Appendix D.
20 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
rector 45,660 pounds, subject, however, to the usual
deduction of five per cent, to the sheriff for collecting ;
1000 pounds for the parish clerk and losses by failure
to pay which were always considerable. The increase of
taxables thus was 847, from the time of Mr. Cradock's
coining here, showing a population of more than 6000.
The amount of the living in this parish, as returned
by government to the Bishop of London, in 1767, was
^191. 7s. 6d. sterling, certainly no very considerable
sum for a population of 6000.
1759. The Church Plastered. — July 3, 1759,
the Vestry made an agreement with Alexander Wells
to plaster and whitewash the Church ; he finding all
the materials, and to have for it ^70, or $186, and one
year's time to do the work in. Sixteen years had now
passed away since the walls of the building had been
erected, and the congregation had worshipped in an
unplastered church.
1 761. New Roof. — The Church was scarcely com-
pleted, as just mentioned, when it was found that the
roof was in such condition as to require to be newly
shingled. The old shingles were, therefore, taken off,
and for putting on the new the Vestry paid the work-
nun 20s., or S2.66 per square. This, it is imagined,
would now be considered a high price, but it is to be
remembered that the end of every shingle exposed to
the weather was made circular. It was designed that it
should be a finished piece of work.
1763. New Surplice. — In this year a new
XTbe t)estr\}'3 police 3urisotctton. 21
surplice was needed and one was procured, the cost of
which to the Vestry was ^5. 13s. 6d., or about $15.
The Vestry's Police Jurisdiction. — In June-
occurs an instance, in the records, of what lias before
been shown to be one of the duties imposed on the
Vestry, illustrating what may be termed its police juris-
diction. Four persons there named were cited to appear
before the Vestry for keeping irregular houses and bad
company. In obedience to the summons they appeared
and were admonished. The Vestry could not, indeed,
inflict any higher penalty. If, in fact, such or other cases
required any further punishment it was inflicted by the
Court of the County Justices, to which the Vestry was
required to report them.
CHAPTER IV.
Thomas Cradock.
X THE Maryland Gazette, then published
at the city of Annapolis, and the only
paper printed in the colony, under date
of May 5, 1747, the Rev. Mr. Cradock
advertised to take young gentlemen into his family and
teach them the Latin and Greek languages, and to
furnish them with board at ^20, Maryland currency, that
is, about £53.20, in advance. This school was accordingly
opened. It was prompted probably by desire of useful-
ness, for schools conducted by men qualified for teaching,
— and Mr. Cradock was an accomplished scholar, — were
rare ; and also by his love of literary pursuits rather
than for adding to his means of support, for, — besides
his parish income, which was then indeed small, not
amounting to $300, after deducting charges and losses, —
it will be recollected that he was in possession of a good
farm. This school was continued by him for some
years. And while some in its immediate vicinity were
benefited by it, it was much patronized from the more
southern counties of the Province. Among the pupils
are remembered Lee of St. Mary's, Barnes of Charles,
TLbc Sector's Scbool. 23
the Spriggs and Bowies of Prince George's, the Dnla-
neys of Anne Arundel and the celebrated Col. Cresap.
The value of such schools can now hardly be estimated.
Mr. Cradock was, indeed, devoted to his studies ; so
much so that not infrequently, when company was
visiting his house to enjoy the hospitality and socia-
bility for which he was celebrated, he was known
to withdraw himself unobserved, and when enquired
for was certain to be found quietly ensconced in his
study. The present remains of his theological and
classical library show that it certainly presented some
temptation to such a seclusion.
During the year 1747 Mr. Cradock published two
sermons, one of which was preached in St. Thomas
Church on the day of the Governor's Thanksgiving
on the occasion of the suppression of the Scotch rebel-
lion, from Psalm 122: 6, 7, "Pray for the peace of
Jerusalem. They shall prosper that love thee ; peace be
within thy walls, and plenteousness within thy palaces."
The other was preached, on the same occasion, in
St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, of which the Rev.
Thomas Chase, father of the celebrated Judge Samuel
Chase, was rector, from Prov. 17: 22, "A merry heart
doeth good like a medicine." Success in this rebellion
would have again placed a papist on the throne of
England. The defeat, therefore, of the Pretender was
the triumph of the Protestants, and cause of great
rejoicings and patriotic professions among them. Thus,
in the latter discourse Mr. Cradock exclaims, " Yes, my
24 ITbe Garrison Cburcb.
brethren and fellow-citizens, let ns remember what we
are, whence we came and from whom we sprung ; that
we are Britons ; that we are the sons of those who valued
life less than liberty, and readily gave their blood to
leave that liberty to posterity. Let us remember what
rights every Englishman enjoys ; and that the proudest
of us all cannnot, dare not oppress his meanest, lowest
brother. And, oh, let us remember that we can choose
our religion likewise, and need not tamely, basely submit
to the slavish yoke of a Roman Pontiff ; a yoke,
which I hope I may now boldly say, our proud enemies
attempted to put upon us in vain, and which every
honest man would have rejected with the loss of his last
blood. These, all these, let us remember, and can we
then be otherwise than merry and joyful, and pour forth
our whole soul in grateful acknowledgment to the
Divine Being? "
On the twenty-second of August, 1753, there was a
meeting of the clergy at Annapolis, to hear and reply
to letters from Lord Baltimore, to welcome the new
Governor and consider some existing grievances. There
were seventeen of the forty-one clergy of the province
present, five of whom were from the Eastern Shore.
On both days of their meeting the prayers were read by
Mr. Cradock. This meeting was adjourned to meet
again at Annapolis, on the second Tuesday after the
meeting of the General Assembly on the second of
October.
It was on this occasion that a sermon was preached
H translation ot tbe psalms. 25
b}7 Mr. Cradock. It was requested for publication, but
whether it was printed I have not ascertained. Its
object was, from the statements made, to show the
necessity of an Episcopate in Maryland. It is able and
eloquent, earnest and manly, and contains some startling
revelations.10
In this same year, 1753, Mr. Cradock published a
version of the Psalms. It was a translation from the
Hebrew into verse. It was published by subscription,
as the notice of it in the Maryland Gazette of that day
shows; and the number and character of the subscribers,
some of whom subscribed for many copies, indicate
something of the popularity and public estimate of the
author. It is a monument of Mr. Cradock's learning-
and is well worthy of remembrance. For more than
five years before his death Mr. Cradock attended none
of the meetings of the Vestry. He was prevented from
so doing, it is said, by a most remarkable paralysis with
which he was visited, which continued till the day of his
death. His whole body was so paralyzed that he was
unable of himself to change the position of his limbs,
and yet his mind retained its full vigor and activity.
During all this time he seldom failed to fulfill his
Sabbath appointments, though he had to be carried to
the church, and then placed by his servant in a chair.
He could not stand even while officiating, and if his
head happened to sway over on his shoulder the sexton
had to come and place it in an upright position. He
(1) A copy of this sermon-is preserved in Dr. Allen's manuscript.
26 TLhc Garrison Cburcb.
was a large man, exceeding in weight 250 pounds.
His sermons he was obliged to dictate to an
amanuensis, and Air. George Howard, a brother of
Col. John Eager Howard, one of the young gentlemen
educated bv Mr. Cradock, was for some years thus
employed. After Mr. Howard's death, Mr. Cradock's
own son performed that task for him.
In the year 1769, February 23, Mr. Cradock was
called to meet with a heavy affliction, in the death of
his eldest son Arthur. He was born July 19, 1747, and
was consequently in the twenty-second year of his age.
He was looking forward to the ministry, for which he
was already prepared and was awaiting the return ves-
sels in the spring to repair to England for orders, when
he was seized with a fatal illness. He had already, under
his father's direction, commenced his work. He was
accustomed to perforin divine service as Lay Reader thir-
teen miles west of St. Thomas1 Church where the chapel
was subsequently built; at a village now called Westmin-
ster, twenty miles distant ; and in the neighborhood of
what is now known as the stone (Lutheran) Church
nearly the same distance north. He was long remem-
bered for his earnest piety and zeal. The}' were such as
to gain for him in his da}' the name of Methodist.
The ministry of Air. Cradock was continued until
May 7, 1770. On that day he died, having been the
incumbent of St. Thomas1 Parish more than twenty-
five years. He was buried where his monument is still
seen in St. Thomas' Church yard. He left behind him
/IDr. GraoocK's IDeatb. 27
a widow, two sons and a daughter. His widow survived
him twenty-five years, and died August 20, 1795, aet. 67.
At the close of Mr. Cradock's ministry he left a
parish with a large population, furnishing a support of
nearly $1000 per annum. At the same time it was a
united parish, having no dissenting place of worship in
it, so far as now known, save a Friends' Meeting House
in the north-east part, nearly ten miles distant from the
church and two miles west of Cockeysville ; and this
was probably in existence while St. Thomas' was a part
of St. Paul's Parish, before Mr. Cradock came into the
province.' " The number of communicants in the later
years of his ministry was large. It is a matter of regret
that it was not then as now the custom to keep a register
of their names ; but their number is still remembered.
His daughter was accustomed, in after times, to tell of
having been present at the Holy Communion in St.
Thomas' when there were present more than one hundred
communicants.
(1) Mr. Allen has overlooked, what he must have well known, thai the Saters' [Baptist
Meeting House was built about the same time as St Thomas' Church.
CHAPTER V.
William Edmiston.
R. CRADOCK was succeeded in St.
Thomas' by the Rev. William Edmiston.
On the nineteenth of May, 1770, as the
records show, he presented to the Vestry
his letters mandate and induction from His Excellency,
Robert Eden, Esq., Governor of the Province of Mary-
land.
Mr. Edmiston appears to have been a native of
Pennsylvania. He was educated at the college in
Philadelphia. He studied for the ministry in the Pres-
byterian connection, but afterward repaired to England
and was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Lincoln,
March 15, 1767; was ordained priest by the Bishop
of Oxford, on the twenty-ninth of March, at St. Janu
Westminster, and on the thirtieth he was licensed to
Pennsylvania by the Bishop of London, under whose
Episcopal jurisdiction were all the colonies. He could
not long have staid in that province, for he soon became
Curate in St. James1, Anne Arundel, and March 30,
1768, he became Rector of St. Ann's, Annapolis. On
the twenty-first of July he was married to Miss Maria
Qhe Cbapel nt tbe jForhs. 20
Woodward, the only daughter of Mr. William Wood-
ward, of Annapolis, " a very agreeable and amiable
young lady," said the Maryland Gazette. There he
continued till the early part of the year 1770, when he
became Curate in St. George's Parish, Harford County.
From thence in a few weeks he became the incumbent
of St. Thomas'. His induction is dated May 9, 1770.
Not long after his coming into the parish he pur-
chased a farm on the hill north of the Green Springs,
about a mile and a half south-east from the church.
There he erected a brick building, which it is said was
intended as one of the wings of a large house, and there
it still stands (1852), in the midst of desolate, poverty-
stricken, sedge grass fields/" About this time cases
are recorded, illustrating what has been termed the
police jurisdiction of the Vestry. In one case a man was
cited before the Vestry for keeping his mill grinding on
the Sabbath, and also for keeping a disorderly house.
In another, complaint was entered to the Grand Jury
against two individuals for breaking the Sabbath, and
not appearing before the Vestry at their citation.
1 77 1. A movement was made towards building a
chapel in the Forks of the Patapsco where Mr. Cradock,
and after him, his son Arthur had been accustomed
to hold services. Two acres of land were given for
this purpose to the parish by John Welch, and con-
veyed to trustees, viz: Abel Brown, Robert Tevis,
(1) This place is now (1898) owned by Mr. J. Hopkins, who has erected a handsome
residence, part of which is the original house erected by Mr. Edmiston,
about 1771.
30 Hbe Garrison Gburcb.
Edward Dorsey, and John Elder, March 3, 177 1.
1772. The fourth of May, 1772, it was ordered that
a chalice and paten be purchased, and also one yard and
a half of green cloth to cover the Communion Table ;
[an entry on the account books occurs as follow- :
September 4, 1773, paid Gabriel Lewin for making
silver plate and cup for the Communion £26. 14s. oA]
During this year 1772 we rind the first written state-
ment respecting the Methodists in this parish. In the
journal of Mr. Francis Asbury, subsequently known
Bishop Asbury, under date of November 24, 1772.
he says that he "came to his old friend, Joshua
O wings the F home for the Methodi- Mr.
Joshua Owings was one of the first vestry when
St. Thomas' Parish was organized twenty-seven years
before, and a vestryman and church warden a num-
ber of times afterwards. Mr. Asbury calls it "an
reeable house and family", and the old man "an
aelite indeed." "One son, Richard, was a preacher,
and many people were there." Mr. Owings lived
north-west from the arsenal and south from the
church
. years previous, Robert Strawbridge, a Metho-
dist, from Ireland, had settled in '. rick, near
Pipe Creek, and two years afterwards built th<
1 the log meeting h This was the begin-
ning :' the Methodists in the colony. He held
The Par children
Januar-
.ember:- ' ella. July
ITbe /IfcetboMsts. :;i
public meetings and traveled as a preacher. Richard
Owings was probably one of his converts.
At the time Mr. Asbury paid this visit, and for
twelve years after, the Methodist preachers refused
to baptize or administer the Holy Communion, and
required the members of their classes to attend the
Church and receive the Sacraments there. Thus, in
June, 1773, at Philadelphia, " the following rules were
agreed to by all the preachers present: 1st. Every
preacher who acts in connection with Mr. Wesley, and
the brethren who labor in America, is strictlv to avoid
the administering the ordinances of Baptism and the
Lord's Supper. 2d. All the people among whom we
labor to be earnestly exhorted to attend the church and
to receive the ordinances there ; but in a particular
manner to press the people in Maryland and Virginia
to the observance of this minute." Such is the record
in the minutes of the Methodist Conference of that year.
Besides, they held their preaching at a different hour
from the services of the church, so that their members
might attend them. And Mr. Asbury held this langua
to the clergy, " I come to assist you not to draw away
the people from the church." [Journal Vol. I, p. 36.]
Six years after (1779) stands this question in the
Methodist Minutes (page 19), " Shall we guard against
separation from the Church ? v Answer — "By all
means." Such was the decision of the Conference then.
The Methodists at that time in the parish were held
to be members of the Church. They were simply a
32 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
religious party in it, and protested against separating,
and their earnest zeal drew many into their connection,
while it did not profess to withdraw them from the
church. There was a preaching house at Westminster,
then called Winchester, though not finished (Asbury,
page 34). This was doubtless the first in the parish.
In the coming year (1773), February 24th, Mr. Asbury
writes thus: "I went to J. D's ' John Doughaday,
who in 1765, '66, '67 had been a vestryman in the parish
and lived near the Beaver Dam, east from the church],
" where many people attended * :;: My old opponent,
Mr. E. [Edmiston], met me here, but he did not appear
so forward as he had been." We are here shown that
Mr. Asbury felt Mr. Edmiston to be opposed to him.
Consequently all the Methodists were found in oppo-
sition to Mr. Edmiston. During the early part of this
year Mr. Asbury had monthly appointments at Mr.
Owings' (pp. 40, 42, 43, 46). He had a class there,
and tells us that " several rich people attended '' the
preaching.
In this year the chapel at "The Forks" had been
finished, and October 12, 1773, Robert Tevis and John
Elder were appointed a committee by the Vestry, and
^50 were allowed them to put seats in a chapel on the
Forks of the Falls. In the next year the Vestry ordered
a Prayer Book for it, and spoke of it as the " chapel near
Mr. Welch's."
About this time the Presbyterians and Baptists
commenced their sen-ices. The former built a meeting
Hbe Quebec Bill. 33
house on the Liberty Road, five or six miles west of St.
Thomas' Church. The Baptists built what was called
the " clapboard meeting house," about two miles north
of Reisterstown.
Besides all these drawbacks, Mr. Edmiston came in
for his share of the popular odium which was visited
upon the clergy from their being supported by a general
tax, paid by all of every denomination. Mr. Edmiston's
support from the parish must have been nominally $1500,
while the Methodist preachers received only about $64
and their traveling expenses. They did not " preach
for pay." This was their boast.
1775. The political revolution which had so long
been ripening was now come, and it found the Rector of
St. Thomas' not only in the political minority, but a
violent partisan of that minority — he was a Tory. This
was enough. Almost the entire population was arrayed
against the Church.
Some time during the latter part of the year I774^
Mr. Edmiston had publicly approved of the Quebec
Bill, so-called, and had publicly asserted that all persons
who mustered were guilty of treason. Nay, more, that
such of them as had taken the oath of allegiance, as the
officers of the Parish had all done, and afterwards took
up arms were guilty of perjury. The county "com-
mittee of observation" hearing of this — for it was said
publicly, and before some of this very committee —
decided that such declarations had a tendency to defeat
the measures recommended for the preservation 0]
34 TLbc Garrison Cburcb.
America, and that it was their duty to take notice of
persons guilty of such offences. Consequently a
cop}- of the charge against him was sent to Air.
Edmiston, and he was summoned to appear before them.
Although they were not clothed with any power of
law, yet as their judgment was liable to be enforced by
popular yiolence, and Mr. Edmiston quailed and obeyed
the summons. After taking two hours, which were giyen
him to consider the matter, he returned the following
confession (see Maryland Gazette, January 17, 1775).
After acknowledging that he had said what was charged
upon him, and haying explained what he meant by the
charge of perjury, he added, '4 1 solemnly promise to
ayoid giving any just cause of offence by propagating
any opinion opposite to the decisions of the Continental
Congress, or Provincial Convention. And upon the
most serious reflection I disapprove of the Quebec Bill,
as it establishes the Roman Catholic religion in Quebec,
abolishes the equitable system of English laws, and
erects a tyranny there to the great danger (from so total
a dissimilarity of religion, law and government) of the
neighboring British Provinces, by the assistance of
whose blood and treasure the said country was conquered.
I tenderly love my country. I wish for her prosperity,
and devoutly pray that the present conflict may termi-
nate to her advantage William Edmiston. " But
he had already ruined himself with the people of his
parish, and did not venture to appear again in the pulpit.
In the midst of the excited popular feeling it was not
Zbc TLovy IRector.
35
safe for him to remain, and on the tenth of September,
1775, he sailed for England, leaving his wife and
daughter in the care of Samuel Owings, Esq. After
some time he sent for his family, and he, himself, never
returned. In 1782, an Act of Assembly was obtained
for his relief, enabling him to dispose of his property.
Mr. Edmiston was a well-educated and energetic
man, against whose moral character no charge was made.
The church was identified with its minister, and
much of the feeling which lent itself to drive him away
was next turned to the destruction of the church itself.
w-t*^ =>; w%-
..V. f
CHAPTER VI.
Thomas Hopkixsox, Curate.
^HE VESTRY was not content that the
&j Parish shonld remain vacant. On the
fwP third of October it was ordered that the
clerk * advertise for the parishioners to
attend the Vestry on the 17th, in order to employ a new
minister, as the Rev. Mr. Edmiston had left the parish
without informing either the Vestry or the parishioners.
On the 17th a meeting was held but adjourned, without
transacting any business, to the 31st, in order that there-
might be a larger attendance. The day came and at
that meeting it was agreed to write and sign a petition
to His Excellency, the Governor. The Vestry then
were Joseph Cromwell, Jr., Charles Dorsey of Nichs.,
Thomas Bennett. Dr. John Cradock, and John Eager
Howard. What was the result of the petition there w
no record made to show, but a note written on a pa.
near the end of the book containing the Vestry's pro-
eeedin — . -igned by Joseph Gist, then Register states.
The Rev. William Edmiston left St. Thomas' Parish
the tenth of September, and the Rev. Thomas
Hopkinson came into the said parish the tenth day
Ube Destn? "Renounce BUeoiance. 37
of December, 1775. We had no minister at all in the
parish for the term of three months."
The Rev. Thomas Hopkinson, Curate. In the
records at Annapolis it is found that Governor Eden
licensed Mr. Hopkinson November 2 2d as curate, with
one moiety of the. parish income; the other was to be
paid to Mrs. Edmiston.
Mr. Hopkinson was a native of Pennsylvania. He-
was the son of Thomas Hopkinson, Esq., who emi-
grated to this country with his wife, the niece of the
Bishop of Worcester, and he was a brother of Francis
Hopkinson, born 1737, the signer of the Declaration of
Independence. Mr. Hopkinson was ordained in Eng-
land and licensed by the Bishop of London, September
24, 1773. He was then a young man, and had been in
the ministry but a little more than two years when he
came to Maryland and became Rector (curate) of St.
Thomas'.
On the eleventh of June, 1776, the former oaths of
office for qualifying vestrymen, and other church
officers were cast aside, and Mr. Thomas Cradock, a
newly elected vestryman, was qualified according to
the resolves of the Provincial Convention of Main-
land. Allegiance to the King of Great Britian was
thus actually renounced by the Vestry of St. Thomas'
twenty-three days previous to the Declaration of Inde-
pendence.
On the same day (June eleventh) the Yestr\ r's
records show that Mr. Hopkinson announced his
38 Xlbe Garrison (Xburcb.
intention to leave the parish. It is said, however, that
he remained one year from the date of his coming, and
then returned to Pennsylvania. He was afterwards
Rector of Shrewsbury Parish, Kent Count}-, (1778),
but resigned there October 4, 1779. In 1784 he became
the minister of Kingston Parish, Matthews Countv,
Virginia, which position he appears to have held
till 1788. In the Maryland Gazette of that year there
is this paragraph: "On the twenty-sixth of May, 1788,
died in Charles County, Maryland, at the residence of
B. Fendall, Esq., the Rev. Thomas Hopkinson between
thirty and forty years of age." He was probably about
thirty-nine, and appears to have been on his way home
to Philadelphia.
If tradition be true there was no reason to regret
his leaving the Parish, for his dissipation gave a well-
nigh finishing blow to the church. Before he left,
however, the church had been entirely deprived of her
temporal support, for, by the Act of the Provincial Con-
vention, in November, the laws for the support of the
clergy ceased to exist.
From the time of Mr. Hopkinson's leaving no
Vestry meeting was held until May 20, 1777, when the
only thing recorded to have been done was to " adjourn
until further emergencies." There was not only no
minister in the parish, but there was no Vestry appointed
for this year.
On the fourteenth of June died Cornelius Howard,
Esq., aet 71. He was the first church warden when the
Jfrancis Bsbury?. 39
parisli was organized in 1745, and frequently thereafter
a vestryman. (I)
As showing something about matters in the parish,
the following is taken from the Journal of the Rev.
Francis Asbury, Vol. I, p. 194; edition 1821. ''1777,
August 26, T. W. (Thomas Worthington) informed me
that they had made choice of me to preach in the
Garrettson (Garrison) Church. But I shall do nothing
that will separate me from my brethren. I hope to live
and die a Methodist." This information, however, was
not authorized by the Vestry, for there was none. Con-
sequently the choice eonld not have come from that
source.
1779. The next meeting of the Vestry was on
the sixth of June, 1779. At that time a Vestry was
elected under the provisions of the Act of the General
Assembly, entitled " An Act for the establishment of
select Vestries," passed at its March session. The Act
of 1692, as subsequently modified and amended, had by
the Revolution been done away, and both the clergy and
people of the church seemed to suppose that all was
(1) He owned a large tract of land about two miles south of the church, and the ruins of
his house may yet be seen, near the residence of Mr. William 1!. Graves ; and just
back of it is the family burying-ground, where his tomb can yet be seen. In
as the owner of the land lying immediately on the west of what was then Balti-
more-town, he added to it that part of the present city south of Saratoga, between
Forest (now Charles Street) and Liberty, including Pratt and Conway Streets on
the south. January 24, 1738, lie married Ruth Eager, who had inherited land lying
west and north of Baltimore-town. She died November 17, 1796, aged seventy-five
years, six mouths. Their children were George, born March 12. 1740, and died
.September 10, 1766; Rachel, May 5, 1 7 1 - . died December, 1750; Joshua, September
29,1765, died October 13, 1767; Ruth, 1717. who married Charles Elder, Feb
ruary 26, 1766; Rachel, October 14, 1749; John Eager, June 24, 1752; Corn
December 2, 1754 ; James, July s, 1757, died unmarried, July 11, 1806; Violetta, Sep-
tember 22, 1759, who married Joseph West, December 9, 1784 ; Philip, September
17, 1762, who died August 14, 1764. and Anne. July 10, 1765, who died December 30, 1770
40 XLhc Garrison (Iburcb.
lost, and nothing could be done by them in any church
capacity but under authority of civil enactment, — and
nothing was done. But now that the Act was passed,
at a meeting of parishioners for that purpose, the
following named gentlemen were elected Vestrymen :
Samuel Worth iiigton, Robert Tevis, John Cockey
Owings, Charles Walker, Dr. John Cradock and Capt.
Benjamin Nicholson. Charles Caiman and Dr. Thomas
Cradock were chosen church wardens. Four of these
six vestrymen were residents and near neighbors in the
Western Run Valley, in which St. John's Church-in-
the-Valley now is. It is worthy of remark that the
two sons and the son-in-law of the first Rector were
among the number elected. Indeed, it is said, that but
for them no election would have been made, and but
little effort to save the church.
1780. On the fifteenth of March, 1780, the Vestry
empowered Mr. Thomas Gist to lay the state of the
parish before their brethren of St. Paul's Parish, Balti-
more-town, and request their Christian aid and attention
by indulging them with the services of the minister a
certain part of the time, for which service the Vestry
of St. Thomas' Parish agreed to pay him in such manner
and proportion as he the said minister and Thomas
Gist shall agree upon ; provided, that it does not exceed
250 bushels of grain for one-third of his time, and so in
proportion. If the grain offered were wheat, and sixty
cents per bushel was the highest price said to be paid at
that time, the offer would amount to about $150, which
Wtlliam Mest. 41
shows the very depressed state of the parish in its
money matters. The proposition showed the reviving
desire of the Vestry and others to have the church
opened for Divine service. But Mr. Gist was unable
to go to Baltimore at that time, and on the twenty-
seventh Mr. Thomas Cradoek was appointed to take
his place. The application was accordingly made, and
on the twenty-fifth of April, as the records of St. Paul's
Vestry state, they granted leave to Mr. West to
attend St. Thomas', as desired, every third Sunday.
This arrangement continued two j-ears.
The following sketch of the Rev. William West is
taken(I) from Dr. Allen's manuscript history of St.
Paul's Parish.
The Rev. William West was born in Halifax
County, Virginia, August 17, 1737, in the neighbor-
hood of the residence of General Washington, Mount
Vernon. From this circumstance grew up an intimacy
between the General and himself, and their families,
which ended only with life.
He was ordained by the Bishop of London, and
licensed by him for Virginia, November 24, 1761.
August 5, 1763, he was incumbent of St. Margaret's
Westminster Parish, in Anne Arundel Comity. No-
vember 17, 1767, he became incumbent of St. Andrew's
Parish, St. Mary's County.
April 28, 1768, he was married by Rev. Mr. Chase
to Susan, daughter of Dr. James Walker. In 1772
1 1 ) Through the courtesy of Mr. William II. Corner.
42 TIbe Garrison (Iburcb.
he moved to Harford County, and became incumbent
of St. George's Parish.
June 7, 1779, he was chosen by the Vestry as
Rector of St. Paul's Parish, Baltimore.
April 3, 1780, he was granted leave to officiate at
St. Thomas' Church every third Sunday. He died
Wednesday, March 30, 1791, of putrid fever, which
was epidemic at the time in Baltimore. He was shortly
to have married, for the second time, Mrs. Hudson,
widow of Mr. Jonathan Hudson. She was made one of
Dr. West's executors in his will. He left three chil-
dren— George William, Margaret and Sybil. Sybil
married Mr. Francis Holland ; Margaret married Col.
John Beall Howard. He was succeeded as Rector of
St. PanTs Parish by Rev. Joseph Grove John Bend.
^wm^
I
PUB
ASTQ
REV. JOHN ANDREW S, D.D.
I i "in a Poi trait by Sullv.
CHAPTER VII.
John Andrews.
HE locum tenens of Mr. West continued
two years, during which time the Vestry
made two attempts to secure the services
of a resident clergyman, offering the
parish at one time to the Rev. John Andrews, then in
Carlisle, Pa., and again in January, 1782, to the Rev.
Mr. Claggett, who afterward became the first Bishop of
Maryland ; but these invitations were both declined.
But the application to Mr. Andrews was renewed, and
on the thirteenth of April, 1782, he accepted the call
for one year. The engagement was to give him $532,
in specie, for his services — one half part of his time.
The amount thus stipulated showed the estimate which
was placed upon his services, and also the increased
ability of the parish. Mr. West's occasional ministry
had unquestionably brought about a more favorable
condition of affairs.
The Rev. Mr. Andrews was the son of Moses and
Letitia Andrews, of Cecil Count}', Md. He was born
six miles from the head of the Elk, April 4, 1746.
Having graduated at the college of Philadelphia, in
44 TLhc Garrison Cburcb.
1765, he became tutor in the grammar school for a year,
and then took charge of a classical school in Lancaster,
Pa., where, meanwhile, he studied for the holy ministry
under the Rev. Mr. Barton. At length repairing to
England he was ordained by the Bishop of St. David's,
at the request of the Bishop of London, February 2,
1767, and was licensed for Pennsylvania, February 17th.
On his return he entered upon the duties of his appoint-
ment by the " Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel,1' in the church at Lewes, Del., and continued
there three years, but the climate proving unfavorable
he left there, and subsequently had charge of the
churches in York and Carlisle, Pa. There, in 1772,
June 25th, he was married to Elizabeth, the daughter of
Robert and Mary Callender, of Cumberland County, in
that State.'11 On May 8, 1773, he was appointed by
Governor Eden the incumbent of Christ Church, Kent
Island, Md., but on the twenty-sixth of the same month
he was appointed and took charge of St. John's Parish,
Queen Anne and Caroline Counties, Md. The clergy
of Maryland were deprived of their livings in November,
1776, and in the spring of 1777 he returned to York
and established a classical school.
At the same time that he was Rector of St. Thomas'
Parish he was also Rector of St. James' Parish, dividing
his time equally between the two parishes.
His children were Robert, John, l.cliua. .Mary. Joseph, William Neill, George, Eliza-
beth. Callendcr. Edward and Man,' Bender
A vcrv interesting "Genealogy of the Andrews Family and Alliance, with
Biographical Sketches.' has been compiled by Mr. Robert S. Andrews Bast
1 (range, N. J.
©roani.sation oi tbe Cburcb in ZlDarvlano. 45
During the second year of Mr. Andrews' Rector-
ship ( 1783), soon after the commencement of Washington
College, at Chestertown, in May, the clergymen there
present agreed to invite their brethren in the ministry
to meet in the following August, at Annapolis. This
invitation was well responded to, and at this meeting it
was agreed to hold another, at which each clergyman
should be attended by a lay-delegate from his parish, on
the twenty-second of June, 1784, in the same city. This
convention was attended by Mr Andrews and Dr. John
Cradock, from St. Thomas' Parish, and it was at this
time that the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland,
which before had been known as the Church of England,
was organized under constitution and canons of its own.
At the following Christmas the Rev. Dr. Coke
(a Presbyter of the Church of England, in connection
with Mr. Wesley) and Mr. Asbnry met in conference
with the other Methodist preachers in the United States,
at Baltimore. Up to that time these preachers held
themselves to be " lay-preachers v only, and never
baptized or administered the Communion, but required
members of their classes in Maryland to repair for these
ordinances to " the Church," as they then called the
Episcopal Church, they themselves never having been
ordained. But now they formed themselves • into an
independent Episcopal Church. And Mr. Asbnry and
the other preachers were ordained 03- Dr. Coke and
some others. They had also a book prepared for the
Methodists, by Mr. Wesley, called " The Sunday Service
46 Xlbe Garrison Cburcb.
of the Methodists," which was substantially the same
as the " Book of Common Prayer," including in it the
thirty-nine articles revised.
Mr. Andrews at this time went down to Baltimore-
town and, with Mr. West, the Rector of St. Paul's,
undertook to effect a union between the two newly
organized bodies. With this view Dr. Coke and Mr.
Asbury were invited by Mr. West to tea. They came,
bringing with them Mr. Goff. " I took occasion,"
writes Mr. Andrews, " to observe that we had seen Mr.
Wesley's letter to Dr. Coke and Mr. Asbury, as also a
book entitled, l The Sunday Service of the Methodists.'
He then followed this remark with statements respecting
the hopes entertained of these gentlemen, " there being
no real difference " between us; and explaining the
plan of church government adopted at Annapolis, asked :
" What occasion could there be for a separation from lis
on the score of church government?" Mr. Asbury
said, " The difference between us lay not so much in
doctrines and forms of worship as in experience and
practice." But neither of them would accede to the sug-
gestions then made. This was written on the thirty-first
of December. A day or two after the above Mr.
Andrews called on Dr. Coke at his lodgings, so earnest
was he in the matter, but found that " the contempt and
aversion, with which the Methodists had always been
treated in England and in this country, was an effectual
bar in the way of his accomplishing what he had
desired," and thus ended his efforts with Dr. Coke and
5>tfferences Between tbe (Xburcb ano flDetbofcists. 47
his friends. But these relative differences between the
Church and the Methodists have since that day
materially changed.
According to Mr. Asbury, the difference between
them lav not so much in doctrines and forms of worship
as in experience and practice. But now, after seventy
years have passed away (i 784-1852), it is seen that the
difference lies not so much in experience and practice as
in forms of worship and government. It will not be
questioned that conversions and lives of holiness, — for
such it is presumed is the u experience " and " practice v
referred to, — are as distinctly visible, if not as numerous
as is desired, in the Church as among the Methodists.
But as to the forms of worship the difference is entire.
And yet, why he who would come to the Father by or
through Christ should cast aside forms of prayer,
invariably offered in His name, — and an extempore
prayer is a form to all interests and purpose to every
silent worshipper who prays it ; why he should cast
aside the repeating aloud the Creed, in which his
blessed Lord is confessed before men, and thus actually
preached by every one so repeating it ; — why he should
cast aside the systematic reading of the Scriptures
publicly; or why lie should cast aside the Psalms ; for
a worship subject to the ever-varying frames and ability
and sense of the individual officiating, — all this it is diffi-
cult to perceive. And should each go on for seventy
years to come in these matters, in the line of direction
in which each has been tending, the difference will be
48 Hbe Harrison Gburcb.
vastly in favor of the Churchman, according to Mr.
Asbury's own estimate.
Air. Andrews, on his first coming into the parish,
lived about two miles south-east of the Green Springs,
where Mr. Stevenson now lives (1854), and then at
Poplar Hill, east of the Falls Road, now Govanstown.
At each of these places he had a flourishing classical
school while in charge of St. Thomas'. His pupils, the
number of which varied from twenty-five to thirty-five,
lived in his own family, and for each he received $133
per year.
On December 7, 1784, Dr. Thomas Cradock and
Mr. Charles Carnan were appointed to employ a builder
to repair the church. To what extent repairs were
needed or were made the records do not state, but dur-
ing the preceding twenty years, and especially during
the Revolutionary War, the church had become much
dilapidated. It is still remembered that the windows
were so broken that the committee had to put new
ones in their places, and not being able to replace the
diamond glass in the lower to correspond with that of
the upper sash, square lights were substituted as they
are now seen. It seems, however, exceedingly desirable
to restore the lower part of the windows to correspond
with the upper both in order to take away the present
unseemliness and continue the original appearance as
far as possible.
At the end of his third year in the parish, in April,
17S5, Mr. Andrews removed to Philadelphia and took
provost, "University, of Pennsylvania. 49
charge of the Protestant Episcopal Academy then just
established and, subsequently, (1787) he became Profes-
sor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the College and
Academy of Philadelphia, and Rector of St. James',
Bristol. In 1792 he became the Vice-Provost of the
University of Pennsylvania, previous to which time he
had received the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 18 10
he became the Provost of that University and so contin-
ued till his death which took place October 29, 1813, in
the sixty-eighth year of his age. He was buried in
Christ Church Cemetery, Philadelphia.
CHAPTER VIII.
Thomas Fitch Oliver.
HERE WAS no Rector from April 10,
1785, to June 3, 1793, a period of eight
years and two months; and the Parish
Records show only an annual election of
the Vestry. Occasional services were held throusfh the
interest of the Rector of St. Paul's Church/ Dr. West,
who, himself, sometimes officiated, and who at other times
provided a lay-reader, Mr. Edward Langworthy. Mr.
Langworthy afterward was a member of Congress from
Georgia, hut again returned to Baltimore and became
Deputy Naval Officer in that city, where he died, Novem-
ber 2, 1803, aet. 63. Dr. West died in 1790, but his
successor, Mr. Bend, took a warm interest in St. Thomas'
Church, and occasionally officiated. The Rev. Mr.
Coleman, the Rector of St. James1, also extended his
services to the parish.
On April 10, 1792, after service held by Mr. Bend,
there was a congregational meeting, and the pews were
resigned to the Vestry. In addition to the resolution
resigning the pews, another resolution was passed
requesting the Vestry at its next meeting to fix the
THE
e NE-
public:
L
THOMAS Tl rCH ( (LIVER .
i Mi! Portrait.
Ubc fl>ews 1Re=rentefr. 51
price of the pews. On the following Easter Monday,
May 9th, the Vestry met and called a parish meeting
for the next day. The meeting was held, and the reso-
lutions of April 10th were reaffirmed and ordered to be
entered on the records.
On May 30th, Maj. or James Howard was appointed
Registrar, the first since the downfall of the establish-
ment in 1776. He was also appointed delegate to the
convention. The Vestry numbered the pews, and fixed
the rent on them at ^145, or $386.60.
The parish continued vacant during the year. No
clergyman could be obtained to take charge of it.
On Easter Monday, April, 1793, a letter was laid
before the Vestry from Rev. George Ralph111 making
application for the parish. The Vestry of St. Thomas'
replied that he " would not answer as a clergyman for
that parish." The vacancy had now continued more
than eight years.
On the twenty-seventh of May, 1793, Mr. Oliver
brought to Rev. Mr. Bend a letter from Dr. Benjamin
Moore of New York, subsequently Bishop of that State,
in the following words :
My Dear Sir : This will be delivered yon by the
Rev. Mr. Oliver whom I would beg leave to recommend
to your fraternal attention as a sensible and worthy
clergyman, of which character I know yon entertain
just, that is, very exalted, ideas. With much esteem, I
am ever your affectionate friend and brother — B. Moore.
( 1 1 For sketch of his life sec Part III.
52 Ube (Sarrlson Cburcb.
This letter is still among the papers furnished
from St. Thomas' Vestry and shows that Mr. Oliver
was introduced into the parish by Mr. Bend, and also
the estimation in which he was held by his respected
brethren of the ministry.
He came here from Marblehead, Massachusetts, in
which place he had been Rector of St. Michael's Church.
Mr. Oliver was the eldest son of the Hon. Andrew
Oliver, Jr., of Salem, and grandson of the Hon.
Andrew Oliver, one of the last Lieutenant-Governors
of Massachusetts under the Crown. He was born in
Boston, 1758, and graduated at Harvard College, 1775.
After this he studied law, but not liking the profession,
he became lay reader in the church in Providence,
Rhode Island, 1778 or 1779, and continued there till his
ordination by Bishop Seabury of Connecticut, August
7, 1785, when he received Deacon's orders. From
Providence he went to Marblehead, September 3, 1786,
and from there came here." He appears from the
records of the Vestry to have come to the parish on the
second of June, 1793, and to have officiated in St.
Thomas' that da v. He was encouraged to stay with
the expectation of $400 per annum and a house. On
the seventeenth of June the Vestry met and resolved to
open a subscription for building a parsonage. This was
(1) While Rector of St. Michael's, Marblehead, he introduced chanting, beginning on
Christinas Day, 1787. He writes to his father, the Hon. Andrew Oliver, under date
of February 11, 1788: "Will it give you any pleasure to learn that our quire at
St. Michael's do constantly chant the Venite, the Te Deum, and in the afternoon
the Cantate and the Nunc Dimittis to just acceptation. I believe mine is almost
the only church on the continent in which this is done." 1 f'or whole account see
Dr. Andrew Oliver's letter in Appendix
©lb jfranfc."
53
done, and on a paper which still remains, is found sub-
scribed the following donations :
Samuel Owings, four acres of land to build the
parsonage on. (The agreement dated August 14,
1793, signed by Samuel Owings and witnessed by
William Owings, " in consideration of five shillings
current money " makes over to the Vestry " four acres
of laud for the purpose of building a parsonage house
upon ; the same land to be laid off near where old Frank
now lives."
" Where Old Frank Lives." (1793.)
" Old Frank," it appears from the records, was
the sexton of the church, and probablv a slave
of Samuel Owings.) James Howard ^fi2, Thomas
Cradock ^10, Charles Walker ^5, Thomas Harvey ^4,
Joseph Jones ^3, William Stacy ^3, John Bond ^3,
John Cockey of Thos. £$ ; Thomas B. Dorsey ^3,
and other small sums, in all about $125. With
54 Hbe (Sarrison Cburcb.
this subscription the parsonage was at once begun.
On the ninth of August, it is recorded that at the
last vestry day Mr. Oliver proposed to the Vestry to
engage with them as the Rector of the parish at
the rate of $400 per annum and a house. His salary
to begin on the third of June then passed. But not-
withstanding what had been before held out to him,
the Vestry now declined it. They offered, however,
to pay him $266 per annum, and as much more as
the pews would rent for, but stated that a house could
not be ready before the next June. He had been
officiating more than two months under the encour-
agement as first given him and now the slender
offer was reduced one-third. (It is to the credit of
Dr. Cradock that he alone voted to pay Mr. Oliver the
full amount which had been originally offered.) With
a family dependent upon him, his means exhausted by
the distance of his removal, and now his expectations
disappointed, no wonder he was discouraged ; but he
was not able to get away and he acceded to their offer,
and then at their next meeting, September 2nd, as the
record is, Mr. Oliver was unanimously elected Rector
of St. Thomas' Parish, the Vestry agreeing to provide
a house early in the spring. There was certainly a sad
falling off in the willingness or ability of the parish to
support the ministry of the church. When Dr. Andrews
first took charge lie was pledged $500 for one-half his
time — now there could be pledged to Mr. Oliver only
$266 for his entire services. Rut perhaps it was felt
Ube Burning (Brouno of tfoc Cretans. 55
to be a sufficient apology that they were building a
parsonage.
The ministerial records show Mr. Oliver to have
been an active and industrious minister. Little, how-
ever, of the Vestry's doings during his rectorship are
recorded. The records show that they were annually
elected, and from time to time met together, and that
is all.
A letter still on file under date of February
25, 1795, addressed by Mr. Oliver to the Register,
shows that he supported himself and family mainly by
a school in which gentlemen's sons were instructed, and
were boarded in his own family. Mr. Oliver continued
in his parish till his death which took place January
26, 1797. He was buried at his own request in the
private family burying ground of the Croxalls, where
Mr. Thomas Beale Cocke}- now lives (1852), two miles
south-east of the Green Spring. No marble, however,
points out the spot where he was laid. Does this tell
well of the parish ?
He left behind him, it is stated, a widow,1" five
sous, and three daughters. Of the youngest there is
the following memorandum in the book of ministerial
records : " Elizabeth Digby Belcher, daughter of
Thomas F. Oliver, and Sarah his wife born Mav 2,
(1) His wife was Sarah Pynchon, daughter of the Hon. William Pynchon, of Salem.
His children were Thomas Fiteh, (married Margaret Brown, removed to I/Diiisiana,
no known descendants;) Mary Lynde Fitch, (married Judge Joseph Story, no
children;) William Pynchon, (died unmarried;) Andrew, (died unmarried:)
Daniel, (married Mary R. Pulling ;) Benjamin Lynde. (married Frances Briggs.
110 children;) Sarah Pynchon, (died unmarried ;i Elizabeth Digby Belcher,
(married Jonathan Freeman, no children, i
56
TEbe Garrison Cburcb,
1795, and was baptized by the Rev. Mr. Bend, June 27,
1795." His widow and orphans returned to New Eng-
land. One of his daughters married the late Judge
Story of Massachusetts, eminent in his profession and
one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United
States.
r
-~>,
CHAPTER IX.
John Coleman.
HERE IS no record of any vestry meet-
ing, or of any election of a Vestry, from
June, 1796, to March, 1799. October
7, 1798, the Rev. Mr. Bend, Rector of
St. Paul's Parish, wrote to Mr. James Howard urging
the Vestry to elect to their parish the Rev. John
Coleman of St. James. He said that Mr. Coleman had
then an opportunity of renting his farm in Harford
County where he resided, and might be induced to
come to St. Thomas' provided the vestry would pur-
chase a glebe. Mr. Bend took great interest in the
parish, and was beyond question instrumental in keeping
it from going entirely down. He had a few days
before submitted a plan to the gentlemen of the parish,
by which they might accomplish the purchase which he
so much desired. It was a long, clear headed, business-
like communication.
1799. The Rev. John Coleman. 7th Rector. —
The parish had now been vacant eighteen months.
But urged, as we have seen, on Easter Monday, March
25, 1799, a Vestry was elected under the new Vestry
58 TTbe Garrison Cburcb.
Act of the General Assembly at its last session, and at
their meeting, on the eighth of April, the Rev. John
Coleman was elected Rector. They voted him S400
per annum from the rent of the pews and the overplus,
if any, of such rent, with the use of the parsonage and
property ; to commence on the twenty-eight day of
April. The Rev. Mr. Coleman accepted.
Mr. Coleman was a native of Bath Parish, Dinwid-
die County, Va., and was born in 1 758. He was educated
by the celebrated Deveraux Jarratt, the Rector of that
parish. Under Mr. Jarratt's direction and instructions
he prepared for the ministry, but the war of the Revolu-
tion prevented his repairing to England for orders, as
all candidates were then compelled to do or remain
without them. In his preface to the life of Mr. Jarratt,
written by himself, Mr. Coleman says : " I lived with
him several years under his tuition, and when the
Governor of Virginia left the seat of government and
called the loyalists (tories to join him, many of Mr.
Jarratt's parishioners, and even his pupils, turned out as
volunteers in defence of their country. I remember the
circumstances well, being myself out in 1776." His
first public service thus at eighteen years of age was
that of a soldier in securing his country's independence.
He was a Whig of '76. In the fall of 1780 he came
with Mr. Aslmry, who had been on a visit at Mr. Jarratt's.
to Delaware, "either to take charge of Dover School or
to preach." — (Mr. Asbury's Journal, volume 1, page
319). Instead of teaching he was earnest to be
Xeav>es tbe /l&etboMsts, 59
engaged in the work lie had chosen, and it appears that
for a while he traveled with Mr. Asbury. The Metho-
dists had not then separated from the Church, and unable
while the war lasted to obtain orders, with Mr. Jarratt's
advice he continued to travel and preach in connection
with the Methodists, and in 1781, he was received as a
preacher among them and stationed in Kent County,
Maryland. In 1782 he was stationed in Pennsylvania,
and in 1783 in Baltimore. In 1784 he is mentioned on
the minutes of the Methodist Conference of that year
as having u desisted from traveling."
In a letter from Mr. Coleman to the Rev. Mr. Jarratt,
Jul}- 22, 1784, dated from Baltimore County, he men-
tions " that the clergy of Maryland had lately held a
meeting at Annapolis, [June 22nd] and formed an
ecclesiastical constitution,' ' and adds " it is probable I
ma}' spend my days in Maryland, (there is a prospect
of a vacancy in a parish here) if there should be any
way of ordination. Religion, I fear, is at a stand here.11
He concludes by saying, and it is quoted as showing
what the mail arrangements then were, " if you should
write to me and have an opportunity of sending it to
Richmond the stay-e eoes from there twice a week to
this town " [Baltimore.]
At the Methodist Conference in Baltimore, at
Christmas, in 1784, by Mr. Asbury's invitation, Mr.
Coleman was present. But when the vote was taken
and announced declaring the Methodists an independent
Episcopal Church, Mr. Coleman and his friend Mr.
60 Ube Garrison (Iburcb.
(subsequently Reverend) William Duke, who had also
been a preacher among them, took up their hats and
left.
About this time, 1785, Mr. Coleman married Miss
Pleasant Goodwin, whose mother was sister to Capt.
Charles Ridgely of Hampton, and settled in Harford
Count}T. As soon as Dr. Seabury of Connecticut had
been consecrated Bishop of that Diocese, in November,
1784, Mr. Coleman designed to have applied to him for
orders. With this view he ' received from Mr. Jarratt,
addressed to Bishop Seabury, the following testimonial,
which is copied from the original : " From a long
and intimate acquaintance with Mr. Coleman, I am
able to recommend him to yon as a person of unblem-
ished morals, and whose reputation for piety, integrity
and uprightness is well established in this part of the
country where he was born and brought up. Indeed, I
can speak of him with a greater degree of confidence
than of any other man because he lived in my family
several years and was under my tuition. I can, with
the greatest sincerity, declare that I never saw any-
thing, or heard anything of him, unworthy of the gospel
of Christ. But on the other hand, piety and zeal for
God and a concern to promote the best interests
of mankind have uniformly marked and distinguished
his character. Deveranx Jarratt. Bath County, Va.,
1786."
The delay, however, of getting ready, and Dr.
White meanwhile (February, 1787) being consecrated
Ube IRecton? jCnlargeb. 61
Bishop of Pennsylvania, led Mr. Coleman to apply
to Bishop White for orders. From him, therefore,
he received Deacon's orders July i, 1787, and it is
believed that this was Bishop White's second ordination.
On the twenty-third of September following he received
Priest's orders from the same.
Immediately upon his being ordained he took charge
of St. James' Parish in Baltimore and Harford Comities,
and the next year the Rev. Mr. Heath having left St.
John's Parish, which was also in the same comities, he
united that also under his pastoral care. In 1792 he
was placed by the convention on the standing com-
mittee and appointed a delegate to the General Conven-
tion. As a member of the standing committee he was
commissioned by Bishop Claggett the visitor of the
district embracing the churches of Harford Comity as
well as those under his own pastoral care. In 1795 ne
was appointed to preach the convention sermon of that
year. He was now thirty-seven years of age. He was
residing on his own farm in St. John's Parish, which
was about two miles north-west of what is now Fallston,
in Harford Comity. There he continued until April
28, 1799, when as already stated he came into the
charge of this parish.
At a meeting of the Vestry, on the third of Sept-
ember, 1799, it Avas determined to make an addition
to the parsonage — putting up a room to connect the
main building with the kitchen. To accomplish this
Samuel Owings and Charles Walker agreed to haul the
62 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
stone ; Dr. Thomas Cradock to pay the mason ; Samuel
Owings, Jr., to find the shingles ; John Bond and Joseph
Jones to find nails; Nathan Chapman, the plasterers;
and Mr. Hunt, the doors and windows. The addition
was accordingly made. It was stated also at the
meeting that Mr. Samuel Owings, Sr., had offered the
Vestry about thirty acres of land adjoining the parson-
age at $20 per acre, which would be of great advantage
to the said parsonage. It was resolved to 'open a sub-
scription for purchasing the land. This was done
and the land purchased. Thus, a minister was called
with one-third more salary than the former Rector
received, an addition made to the parsonage, and a
glebe purchased. This was progress, and so far all
seemed to promise well.
On the third of November, 1800, it was resolved
that the pnlpit be moved to the east end of the church
and three single pews be made, [probably in the place
where the pnlpit and reading desk before stood], and
that a collection be taken up to defray the expenses.
At this time the pulpit stood on the north side of the
church, directly in front of the church door, and, before
it, the reading desk. This was their usual position in
the churches in that day, so that the majority of the
hearers was on each side of the minister. The arrange-
ment was calculated rather for worship than for
preaching; but a change was now coming over the
churches. The influence of the Methodist movement
was making itself felt very widely outside ^>i their own
THE NT " YORK
PUBLIC ;
L. - / '.
1
ASTOH, LENOX AND
T1L.DEM FOUNDATIONS
X
y
Ube pulpit flDovefc. 63
class, and preaching — which was felt to be an equally
prominent part of the Apostolic Commission with any-
thing else, if not the superior part — was now to be
made more prominent, and the hearers to be brought in
front of the preacher. Accordingly, as directed, the
pulpit was removed to the east end of the church and
placed in the circular projection within the chancel, and
pews placed where the pulpit had before stood, thus
giving room for the seating of some twenty worshippers,
and additional income from the pews.
At a meeting of the Vestry, August 3, 1801, a clerk
was appointed with a salary of $16 per annum. It was
then common to have a clerk to make the responses in
the service. This led to a great neglect of the congre-
gation in taking part in the worship, — as if God could be
worshipped by proxy.
1803. During this year died Mr. Samuel Owings,
Jr. He was often a member of the Vestry. He gave,
as we have seen, the land on which the parsonage
stands. He was the son of Samuel and Urath Owings,
born 1773. He lived at Owings' Mills, and was the
owner of large tracts of land in the neighborhood. He
married Deborah Lynch, October 6, 1765."'
There is not much during Mr. Coleman's charge of
the parish on the Vestry's records worthy of an)7 par-
ticular notice. Things seemed to have held "the even
tenor of their way."
December 11, 1803, the Vestry ordered a census of
( t; For list of his children and their marriages, see Samuel Owings. Part III.
64 ^Ibe Garrison Cburcb.
the Protestant Episcopal inhabitants according to the
Canon. The Canon did not precisely require this, but
the 15th Canon of the General Convention, as published
by the Convention of Maryland, 1793, did require
that every minister shall make out and continue
a list of all adult persons within his cure ; and to
this the 4th Canon of Maryland responded and required
the list to be returned to the Convention, as well as the
baptisms, marriages, etc.
In Mav, 1804, Mr. Coleman returned to his farm
in Harford County, and gave one-half of his services to
St. James' Parish ; and in a letter to the Vestry he
writes, il I regret much that the congregation should
pay such little attention as to render it doubtful
whether they will not let the church fall in this
parish."
He continued to give the parish one-half his time,
though living more than twenty miles distant, until
December, when he gave it up.
March 14, 1808, Mr. Coleman again writes to the
Vestrv, saying, "I continued to officiate from April,
1799, to December, 1S04. I proposed resigning more
than once, informing the Vestry I did not wish to be
a burden to them, or any other Vestry, and they
expressed a wish for me to have patience and continue,
hoping that things would get better. In May I re-
moved to my farm in Harford, but still continued to
officiate, as I had not given over the thought of return-
incr, had there been an amendment in the attention of
/iDr. Coleman's flDmistrp. 65
the Vestry and congregations. It was in April that I
began to divide my time between St. Thomas' and St.
James'." These letters to the Vestry were called forth
from him by the fact that after four years they had
made no settlement with him, and owed him $500.
Mr. Coleman continued Rector of St. James' Parish
until his death, January 21, 1816, at the age of 58 years.
He was held in high estimation by the Church, and
was often called to its councils and to attend to its
general interests. From 1789 to 1813, when his health
began to fail, he was a member of the standing com-
mittee seventeen times. During Bishop Claggett's
Episcopate the standing committee assisted the Bishop
in visiting the Diocese ; and the counties of Cecil, Har-
ford and part of Baltimore were assigned to Mr. Cole-
man. In 1795 he preached the convention sermon.
He was a delegate to the General Convention five times.
In 1806 Christ Church, near Bel Air, was built under his
ministry. At the time of the election of a Suffragan
Bishop for the Diocese, 18 14, he was spoken of as a
candidate, but his declining health preven tedhis nomi-
nation and he gave his vote for Dr. Kemp. It was the
last public act of his life.
Whatever was the cause that the Church in St.
Thomas' Parish did not seem to prosper under his
ministry, it could not be laid to any want of industry,
faithfulness, or evangelical views of doctrine in Mr.
Coleman. He left a widow and one daughter. He had
been peculiarly afflicted in the earlv death of five sous.
66
TLbc Garrison Cburcb.
His daughter's name was Rebecca Ridgelv. She was
born August, 1787, and married John Yellott, Esq.
She died February it, 1853, leaving behind her five
sons and two daughters.
CHAPTER X.
John Armstrong.
CTOBER i, 1805, Rev. John Armstrong-
was elected Rector. Mr. Armstrong was
•a native of England and is said to have
been a preacher there in connection with
the Methodists. After his arrival in this country he
was ordained by Bishop White of Pennsylvania, and
took charge of a parish in that Diocese. He first
appears in Maryland in 1S04 as the Rector of St Paul's
Parish, Kent Comity. When called to St. Thomas'
nothing appears to have been said about his salary.
He had some little time previously married Ann Yellott
of Harford County, with a considerable fortune. His
ministry was acceptable and successful.
The Vestry at this time set aside the pew system
and the Rector's salary was raised by subscription,
though the amount thus raised is not stated. Mr.
Armstrong purchased a farm adjoining the church on
the southeast, and at the foot of the hill built a small
two-story frame house.
June 11, 1806, died James Howard, Esq., aged 49.
He was the fifth son of Mr. Cornelius Howard and
68 Gbe Garrison Cburcb.
vounger brother of Gen. John Eager Howard. He be-
came a vestryman in 1784, and was ever after either
vestryman or Register and Treasurer. He was often a
delegate to the State Convention, and in 1792 a delegate
to the General Convention. He died a bachelor.
At a meeting of the Vestry on the twenty-ninth of
September, 1806, it was agreed that " the chapel near
Welsh's," now Holy Trinity Parish Church, "may be
opened and used by the clergy of the Baptist denom-
ination, provided they are men of good and upright
character, and also provided their times of service do
not interfere with the appointments of the Rector of this
parish.'1
It was at this time that a scheme of lottery was
agreed on and a petition made to the General Assembly
to obtain an act authorizing it. The petition showed
that the parish was in debt for the building of the
parsonage and for the purchase of the glebe, and that
repairs of the church were needed. The act was granted
and the managers appointed by the Vestry were Dr.
John Cromwell, Samuel Owings, Brian Philpot, Dr. T.
C. Walker, Moses Brown, Kensey Johns, John T.
Worthington and Robert N. Moale. The lottery was
drawn and we hear nothing thereafter of the debt of the
church.
It was not till January ir, 1808, fifteen months
after the ordering of the lottery, that the Vestry found
themselves in possession of funds for the repairs of the
church, and at that time new window-shutters, doors
IResumaticn of fll>r. Hrmstromi. 69
and door-frames were ordered. The chapel was also at
this time much improved by being roughcast.
On the twenty-fourth of October it was ordered
that the chimney [fire-place] of the vestry-room be filled
up. This fact is noticed as indicating the time when
stoves began to be introduced into churches. In many
places of worship they were not introduced for years
after this.
On the fourth of December there is this record :
" The Vestry after taking into consideration Mr.
Armstrong's address to the congregation on Sunday
the twenty-sixth of November, Resolved, That the Rev.
John Armstrong, Rector of this parish be requested to
send in his. resignation formally addressed to the
Vestry." Present — Dr. Cradock, Samuel Owings, John
Bond, Robert N. Mole and P. Hunt. Absent — Charles
Walker, Brian Philpot and Moses Brown. But the
resolution did not pass without opposition or dissatis-
faction, for Mr. Hunt immediately resigned. Whatever
the difficulty might have been which caused this
measure, on its being communicated to Mr. Armstrong-
he thought fit to comply, and the parish again became
vacant.
But although Mr. Armstrong thus resigned the
parish as requested, it was not till more than a year
afterward that he removed. For on the tenth of March,
1810, the Vestry recommended Mr. Armstrong to the
Bishop's " kind and fostering hand,1' adding " we do
with marks of esteem and regret part with him as our
70 TLbc Garrison Cburcb.
Rector. But he finding it was more agreeable to him-
self and family to leave the parish, you, sir, will please
to give him such recommendations to any other diocese
as becometh the character of a clergyman, christian and
friend as we have experienced during the term of four
years and a half in the parish."
This letter was signed by Thomas Cradock, Charles
Walker, Samuel Owings, Robert N. Moale, Phineas
Hunt, Brian Philpot and John Bond. The offence
thus on which the Yestry acted when thev requested
his resignation was not so serious but at the end of
fifteen months the above letter was written. The reason
of its being written was — that Mr. Armstrong was about
to remove to York, Penna. In order to be received
into that diocese, it was requisite according to the
canons that he should present a letter, testifying to his
good standing in the church, to the Bishop of Pennsyl-
vania from the Bishop of Maryland. In order to do
this it was necessary that the Vestry of the parish
should certify to the Bishop of Maryland that their
late rector had "not been justly liable to evil report
for error in religion or viciousness of life during three
years last past." But this was not embraced in the
Vestry's letter, whether by negligence, unacquaintance
with the canons, or design is not known.
The Bishop on the third of May, 1810, thus repli
"before giving the testimonial, I considered it my duty
to make inquiry into certain reports censuring that
atlernan's conduct and I shall candidly
BisbOp Glaooctt's Xctter. 71
mention my present objection to giving the certificate
required by the canon in such cases to von, in hopes
that yon may be able to satisfy my scruples on that head.
I shall preface them by observing that the Church of
Maryland, under the old government, was restricted, by
the charter of the then Lord Baltimore, from the
exercise of any discipline, by which she suffered much.
Aware of the evils which the Church had thus
suffered on this account, our General Convention
framed the ecclesiastical Constitution of our Church
after the revolution ; conceiving: that the exercise of
discipline over the elergv was so intimately connected
with the future well being of the Church, that in the
general Constitution, and in the 7th article thereof,
she enacted as follows : 'no person shall be ordained
to holy orders until he shall have subscribed the
following declaration, to wit : I do believe the Holv
Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be the
word of God, and to contain all tilings necessarv to
salvation, and / do solemnly engage to confoi?n to the
doctrines and worship of the Protestant Episcopal
Church in the United States.'
"After thus making a conformitv to the doctrines
and ivorship of the Church an essential part of her
Constitution, a General Convention afterwards enacted
the 34th canon in aid of the same important object
of conformity in public worship. The whole canon
stands thus: — 'every minister shall before all ser-
mons and lectures, and on all other occasions of public
72 Lbe Garrison Gburcb.
worship, use the book of common prayer as the same
may be established, and in> performing said service, no
of he?- prayer shall be used than those prescribed in said
book.' Now, gentlemen, having premised these things,
I beg leave to state to you, that I have been informed,
that the Rev. Mr. Armstrong has on several occasions
within three years last past in his own parish church,
and before his sermons there, so far from conforming to
the forms of worship of the Church, that he has muti-
lated the service by leaving out parts of it, and interpo-
lating, ad libitum, extempore praver-- of his own;
after this statement of facts, and while thev remain
uncontradicted, I can venture to leave it to yourselves
whether I can sign the certificate required. The reports
above mentioned may be without foundation ; if so, a
certificate from your respectable body going fully to
that effect would have great weight in removing serupl
on that head, and might possibly enable me bv a com-
pliance with your wishes more fully to manifest that
high respect, esteem ami rd with which 1 have the
honor to be, gentlemen, your affectionate friend and
diocesan, Thos. Jno. Claggett, Bishop of the Protestant
Episcopal Church in Maryland and Washington County,
District of Columbia."
To this, on the thirteenth of August, the Vestry
reply — "the Rev. Mr. Armstrong, when rector of this
parish, officiated in St. Thomas' Church and chapel
belonging to it. He always made use of the Church
prayers, except an extempore prayer before and after
Extempore fl>ra\>ers. 73
sermon in St. Thomas' Church. He also diligently
attended to the duties of the parish, such as visiting the
sick and preaching in different parts of the parish when
called on, on other days exclusive of Sunday. With
respect to the chapel, which is some distance from the
church, none of the members now met were ever present
when he performed divine services there."
This, it will be perceived, did not come up to what
the Bishop desired, and consequently no letter was
given by him to Mr. Armstrong. Thus the matter con-
tinued till November 22, 181 r, when Mr. Armstrong
wrote the Vestry that the letter which Bishop Claggett
sent Bishop White was not deemed satisfactory, being,
indeed, a good one but not canonical, and asking from
them a certificate to Bishop Claggett in the precise
words of the canon. This was subsequentlv done by
them and signed by the following gentlemen, part of
whom were not of the vestry: Phineas Hunt, John
Bond, Joseph West, John T. Worthington, Charles
Walker, James Walker of Chs., Charles Worthington
S. Owings, William Stone, Samuel Stone, Samuel C.
Hunt, Lloyd Ford, and so the business ended.
In 1 8 18 he returned to Maryland and took charge
of St. Peter's Parish, Montgomery County, and Zion
Parish, Frederick County. After remaining there two
years he removed to Wheeling, Ya., and took charge of
St. Matthew's Parish, which had been organized by
Bishop Chase, of Ohio. There he was instrumental in
building an edifice and very much increasing the
74
XThe Garrison Cfourcb.
congregation. In addition to this he officiated as mission-
ary under Bishop Chase on the Ohio side of the river
at St. Clairsville, eleven miles west of Wheeling. He
succeeded in building a brick church there, 50 feet by
40, which was consecrated August 18, 1822, " the second
church," says Bishop Chase, ''consecrated west of the
mountains." At the same time Mr. Armstrong officiated
occasionally at Morristown, eight miles further west on
the National road, where a small brick church was also
built in the same year. Mr. Armstrong died in Wheel-
ing in June, 1827, leaving a widow who survived him
nearly twenty years. His son, Rev. William Armstrong",
was Rector of St. Matthews', Wheeling, for more than
twenty years, and afterward became Rector of Zion
Parish, Frederick County.
J^rfC
St THOMAS' PARISH CHURCH
LOTTERY— Ba'.ti more Count;.
Authorised by Laic oj the State of Maryland.
(Tjr THIS TICKET will entitle the bearer to such Prize as may
Be drawn against its number without deduction, if demanded within
9ix months after the complcti m of the drawing-.
By order of the Managers,
JVo. 115% . v/tU 7 r}<JL$4-w/ j ,;J.f
CHAPTER XI.
George Ralph. John Chandler. Joseph Jackson.
HERE IS nothing in the records worth}-
of mention until April 15, 181 r, when an
invitation was given to the Rev. George
Ralph " to officiate in the church when-
ever he could make it convenient.'""
Mr. Ralph was at the head of a private academy a
short distance north-west of the United States arsenal,
about four miles south of St. Thomas' Church.
On the eleventh of April, 181 2, died Brian Philpot,
Esq., of "Stamford," in his 62nd year. He was a native
of Baltimore and son of Brian Philpot, who emigrated
from England in 1750. He was a merchant and pro-
prietor of land lying east of the falls. During the
Revolution Brian Philpot, Jr., held a commission in the
army, in Colonel Smallwood's regiment. After the war
he settled at his place on the Western Run, and in 1796
married Elizabeth Johnson, daughter of Jeremiah
Johnson, Esq. In i8od he was a warden in St.
Thomas' Church, and from 1805 a vestryman until his
( 1 1 Mr. Ralph was an interesting- character, and is the subject of one of the biographical
sketches appended.
76 Zhc Garrison Gburcb.
death. He left three sons and three daughters. His
second daughter, Elizabeth, in 1826 married the Rev.
John G. Blanchard, many years the Rector of St.
Anne's, Annapolis.
After a vacancy of nearly three years, supplied
only by the occasional services of Mr. Ralph, on the
twenty-eighth of December, 181 2, the Rev. John
Chandler was elected Rector, to enter upon his duties
January 1st. Mr. Chandler was from England. He
came into this diocese in 18 10 from Pennsylvania, and
became the Rector of St. Peter's, Montgomery County,
where he continued until he came to St. Thomas'. On
the seventh day of February, 1S14, he sent to the Vestry
his resignation, stating that he had accepted the Rec-
torship of St. Mark's, Frederick County. He died in
the spring of 181 5.
On the seventh of April, 181 5, died Samuel Worth-
ington, Esq., aged 82 years. He was a native of Anm
Arundel County and was one of the first settlers of
what is known as the Worthington Valley, 2,000 acres
of which had been patented to his father in 1740. In
1756 he was a church warden and subsequently a ves-
tryman. He was a Whig of the Revolution, and in
1774 was one of the Committee of Observation. In
1781 and subsequently he was a delegate to the General
Assembly. He left a widow, his second wife, nine sons
and ten daughters, having before buried two daughters. '
At a meeting of the Vestry on Easter Monday,
1 1 ) See Appendix
St. Jobn's in tbe Dalle\?. 77
April 15, 18 16, Mr. Robert North Moale and Dr. Thomas
C. Walker were appointed to ascertain whether by sub-
scription, or otherwise, funds could be secured to wall in
the churchyard. This work was but slowly carried on
and was not completed until 1832.
The Rev. Joseph Jackson — The 10th Rector.
November 2, 18 18, the Rev. Joseph Jackson was elected
Rector to preach every other Sunday. The alternate
Sunday was given to " St. John's Church in the Val-
ley." This church is six miles north of St. Thomas',
near the head of the Worthiugton Valley. On the third
of June, 1 8 16, the corner-stone had been laid by the
Rt. Rev. James Kemp. The church was erected on a
site of about two acres, given by Mr. Charles Walker.
The building was of stone and cost $5,000. It was con-
secrated by Bishop Kemp, November 13, 1818. Mr.
Jackson was a native of Scotland. On emigrating to
this country he first engaged in teaching at " Barnaby,"
in Prince George's County, then the residence of
Anthony Addison, Esq., the son of the Rev. Henry
Addison, many years the Rector of St. John's Parish in
that county previous to the Revolution. In December,
1794, he was ordained Deacon by Bishop Claggett.
During the first part of the year 1795 he was assistant
to the Rev. Mr. Read, of Prince George Parish, in
Montgomery County, and in the latter part of the year
he officiated in Queen Anne's Parish, Prince George's
County. In 1796 he became the Rector of St. Peter's
Parish, Talbot County, and continued there, officiating
78 Zhc Garrison Cburcb.
alternately at the Parish Church and at the chapel at
Eastern, for more than seventeen years. In 1812 he
took charge of William and Mary Parish, St. Mary's
County. There he remained five years, and, his health
failing him, in 181 7, August 27th, he became Rector of
St. John's, Hagerstown. He resigned that Parish at
the end of the year and accepted a missionary appoint-
ment, and was employed in visiting Ohio, Indiana, Illi-
nois and Kentucky until he became the Rector of St.
Thomas' Parish. At the Diocesan Convention of this
year he reported ten communicants. It was the first
report which had ever been made. His salary was
raised by subscription and he lived at the parsonage,
but the amount of salary is not stated.
At a meeting of the Vestry, November 29, 1819,
present Samuel Owings, Charles Worthington, Robert
N. Moale, Christopher Todd, David R. Gist and Thomas
Moale, the following resolution was offered and passed :
"Resolved, That the Rev. Joseph Jackson is no longer
considered Rector of this Parish, and notice be given
him to that effect by the Register." At the time of this
meeting of the Vestry he was on a visit to his old parish
in St. Mary's. He had no intimation of such move-
ment ; no charge was brought against him, and but one
of the Vestry had contributed to his support. We do
not wonder that when Mr. Jackson returned and his dis-
missal was announced he sat down and wept.
Mr. Jackson at once set out on a missionary tour
in the West, but before a year had passed lie died at
St. James' GoUeoe. 79
Bardstown, in Kentucky, leaving a widow, who had
become his wife two weeks previously. He must have
been over sixty years of age. He was a pious man and
an earnest Christian. He was the intimate friend of
Bishop Kemp and a long and friendly correspondence
between them still remains. There are 53 letters from
Bishop Kemp to him, and 57 letters from him to the
Bishop, on file in the Bishop's library. In the years
1809 and 181 5 he was a member of the Standing Com-
mittee. In 1804 he preached the convention sermon
and was a delegate to the General Convention. At his
death he left about $2,ocoto the Church in Maryland.
This was subsequently appropriated to the purchase and
founding of St. James' College in Washington County,
which without this legacy would not have come into
existence.
CHAPTER XII.
Charles C. Austin.
FTER A vacancy of one year, December i,
1820, at a meeting of the Vestry, at which
were present Samuel Owings, Thomas
Moale, Christopher Todd and Robert X.
Moale, the Rev. Charles C. Austin was elected Rector,
his service to begin the same date at a salary of $350 a
vear, pavable quarterly. He was to officiate every
other Sunday. Mr. Austin was born in Connecticut in
1794 or 1795. After finishing his course and receiving
his degree at Yale College he came to Mankind and
pursued his preparatory studies under the direction of
Bishop Kemp. During a part of the time of his candi-
dacy he officiated as lav-reader in Christ Church, Elk
Ridge, Queen Caroline Parish, Anne Arundel County,
and resided in the family of Alexander C. Hanson, Esq.,
then a member of the United States Senate. In 18 19,
June 13, he was ordained Deacon by the Bishop of the
Diocese and took charge of Addison's Chapel, now St.
Matthew's, Prince George's County, and Rock Creek
Church, in the District of Columbia, where he continued
until he was called to St. Thomas'. He was also
ZTbe Cbapel of Base. 81
appointed by the Vestry of St. John's Church in the
Valley to officiate there on the alternate Sundays, with
a salary of $320 a year, making his stipend aggregate
$670, besides the parsonage and glebe. On the first
Easter Monday after Mr. Austin entered upon his
charge of the parish, David Gist, Col. David Hopkins,
Thomas H. Belt, Horatio Hollings worth, Stephen W.
Falls, Elias Brown, Samuel Owings and Thomas Moale
were appointed Vestrymen. Mr. Owings and Colonel
Hopkins were appointed Church Wardens ; Robert N.
Moale, Treasurer, and John Hoi lings worth, Registrar.
On the twenty-eighth of Ma)-, among other things, a
committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Owings,
Brown and Thomas Moale, to examine into the state of
the chapel of ease in the forks of the falls, and to
report to the Vestry. For more than thirteen years the
chapel, as far as the records show, had been utterly neg-
lected by the Vestry, and used only by the Methodists
and Baptists who were supposed to have swept awav
the Church in that neighborhood.
On the nineteenth of October, 1821, died Dr.
Thomas Cradock, in the 70th year of his age. He
was the third son and only surviving child of the first
Rector of the parish. His father took great pains in
his education and hoped that he would enter the min-
istry, but he chose the profession of medicine. He was
for forty years an active vestryman, often a delegate to
the Diocesan Convention, and a delegate to the first
General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church
82 Zlbe Garrison Cburcb.
in the United States. Dr. Cradock was an active pro-
moter of the Revolution, and at the age of twenty-three
was one of the committee of observation for the county.
After the Revolution he became affianced to a daughter
of the Rev. Dr. Smith, then President of Washington
College, but influencing the laity to non-concur in the
doctor's election to the Episcoj^ate, when nominated by
the clergy of Maryland/0 the match was broken off.
The attachment, however, was mutual, and Dr. Cradock
retained her miniature to the day of his death. He
never married. He was an able physician and lived
and died at Trentham, his father's estate which he
inherited.
Nothing occurs in the Vestry's records worthy of
note till September 22, 1822. At that time Messrs.
Robert N. Moale and James Piper were appointed to
investigate Mr. David Carlisle's bill for putting a new
roof on the church. It appears that during the previous
year a new roof had been put on the church, and the
parsonage repaired. The bill was rendered for 5444.
Nothwithstanding this outlay, at a meeting of the
Vestry held April 7, 1823, Major David Hopkins was
appointed to superintend the repairs to be made to the
church under the direction of the Vestry. Towards
these repairs the following sums were at once sub-
scribed. James Piper, S50; Robert Riddle and W. F.
Johnson, S30 each; Dr. R. G. Belt, T. H. Gist and
Mrs. V. West, $20 each; David Gist, 515 ; Dr. Lenox
(1) See correspondence of Dr. Cradock and Dr. Andrews, appendix 1'
flfcajor IbopKtns. 83
Birckhead and Thos. Cockey, $10 each ; and Dr.
Owen, $5 ; and the work was commenced on the twenty-
seventh of May. It was undertaken by Benj. Eggleston
under Major Hopkins' direction. The pews, pulpit and
chancel were taken down and the floors taken up.
These were all replaced. The pews were increased to
about thirty and replaced by new ones. The walls
were replastered, and all the wood work was painted with
three or four coats inside and out. The pulpit and
chancel were hung with new curtains. The vestry-
room was repaired and the whole put in complete order.
Such is the statement in a book kept by Major
Hopkins. The whole cost was $765. This added to
the amount of previous repairs made $1,209, and a debt
was incurred of nearly $1,000. Major Hopkins, who
appears to have been the active man in all this, died
and was buried in St. Thomas' churchyard, March 8,
1824. [He was buried immediately back of the chancel,
but no stone marked his grave. When the church was
extended in 1890 Mr. Thomas Cradock, Senior Warden,
who had been shown the spot by his father, Dr. Walker,
had the grave deepened beneath the cellar, and a small
stone with the name and date of burial of Major
Hopkins placed in the aisle of the church just above
it. Major Hopkins was commandant at the United
States Arsenal at Pikesville. From papers found in
the possession of the Rector it appears that his sub-
scription paid was $80, and that he advanced and paid
bills to the amount of $201.97, of which there is no
84 Hbe Garrison Gburcb.
account of his reimbursement at the time of his death.
The Vestry also owed others on this account, $287.30,
so that the total debt of the Vestry, with the 5444 on
previous repairs, amounted to over S900. Some of the
subscriptions which are above referred to were never
paid, as far as can be ascertained. — Editor.] The Parish
was oppressed with this debt and with the interest on it
and with costs of suits to recover until all the previous
indications of good vanished. : Mr. Austin was com-
pelled to resort to a school for his own support. For
fifteen years the records of the Vestry present nothing
of interest.
On the twenty-third of April, 1832, the Vestry
appointed a committee to attend to the completion of
the churchyard wall, and in 1838 another committee
was appointed for the same purpose, and in 1S41, May
14th, it is recorded that ' The Treasurer received from
Mr. [Cardiff] Tagart five dollars, being the amount left
in his hands out of money collected by him for building
the stone wall around the churchyard." The wall was
finished twenty-four years from the time it was first
proposed. The Vestry Record for many years has
only the entry of vestries elected and commitu
appointed to examine and report on debts and accounts.
Parish of the Holy Trinity. — In the Convention of
the Diocese in 1843 the old chapel of ease in the forks
the church was attached for $14$. 4S, a balance still due, which was settled
December 11, 1 S33. This amount was raised by the ladies of the congregation.
There is inserted in Dr. Allen's manuscript a printed sermon of Mr. Austin preached
September 12, 1823. before a detachment of the nth Brigade Maryland Militia, in
St. Thomas' Church.
diminution of Uerrttorp. 85
of the Patapsco Falls, in Carroll Comity, was con-
stituted a parish church and its parish lines defined.
At the time when the attempt was made to resuscitate
the chapel it was in a state of ruin. The doors and
windows and roof were gone, and the floor had been
torn np to facilitate the taking of the rabbits which con-
cealed themselves under it. There had been no service
for twenty years. Before that for years the Methodists
had sometimes occupied it and sometimes the Baptists,
but now it was only a shelter for horses and cattle.
But the work of repairing it was undertaken and
effected at an expense of about $200, leaving no debt.
The first Vestry were Jesse Hollingsworth, William H.
Warfield, W. W. Warfield, George T. Warfield, James
Sykes, Nicholas Dorsey and George W. Munroe. The
Rev. David Hillhouse Buell was appointed Rector to
officiate one-half his time, the other half being given
to missionary work in Westminster and its vicinity in
Carroll County.
In 1844 St. Thomas' Parish suffered a further
diminution of its territory by the erection of the Parish
of the Ascension. Mr. Buell became the Rector of this
parish in connection with the Parish of the Holy
Trinity. During the previous year the Rev. Mr.
Taylor, subsequently missionary to Mesopotamia in
Asia, had officiated in Westminster. Before him no
church services had been held there since those of the
lamented Arthur Cradock in 1768. His services at
that early date lend an interest to the place of which the
86 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
church may well claim the credit. At the Diocesan
Convention of 1846 a parish church had just been com-
pleted. It is a beautiful structure of stone, in the early
English style and was consecrated by Bishop Whitting-
ham on Ascension Day.
In 1847 died Mr. Charles Worthington, at the age
of seventy-seven. He was the fourth son of Samuel
Worthington, a part of whose landed estate which is in
the Western Run Valley he inherited. He was
frequently a vestryman in St. Thomas'. He was in
possession of much wealth which he divided between
his four unmarried sons, besides whom he left two mar-
ried daughters. He was one of the twentv-four children
of Samuel Worthington. His father was a grandson of
Capt. John Worthington who died about 1700, and, as
shown in his will, gave to John his home plantation
on the Severn, to Thomas " Greenbury's Forest," to
William " Howard's Inheritance," a tract near Beards
Mill and another at "the Fresh Pond on the Bodkin
Creek of Patapsco River."
February 9, 1849, the Rev. Mr. Austin, for nearly
twenty-nine years the Rector of this parish, died, at the
of fifty-four. The next day his daughter, Jane
Buckler, died, in the twentieth year of her age, and both
were buried on the eleventh in St. Thomas' church-
yard in one grave. There was present a very large and
sympathizing congregation.
In 182 1 Mr. Austin married Miss Ann Buckler,
daughter of Mr. Thomas Buckler of Baltimore Citv.
Ube Jfirst Sabbatb Scbool. 87
Their children were Miss Anne Buckler, born October
24, 1822; Henry Sanford, February 28, 1826; Jane
Buckler, April 16, 1829; May Holley, November 24,
1832; and William Buckler, March n, 1838. As
already noted Mr. Austin had found it necessary to
conduct a school. During this period he also had
charge of two daughters of his brother, who made
the first purchase in Mexico of a large amount of
territory, which is now part of Texas, and carried
thither a colony which established the city of Austin
in that state. The number of communicants in the
parish never exceeded the number which he first
reported. A Sabbath School, the first in the parish,
existed during many years of his rectorship, and was
well sustained. He lived to see two parishes estab-
lished within the bounds of his early ministry, and two
independent congregations, each taking off large
portions of the territory of St. Thomas'; and also the
Hannah More Academy, devoted to the education
and training of young ladies in the Church. Mr.
Austin was an active and energetic man, ready to go at
every call, and under all the depression of his
parish, and the discouragement he met with, he sus-
tained a high character for frankness, integrity and
independence. For the last fifteen }^ears his salary aver-
aged but a little over one hundred dollars per annum.
CHAPTER XIII.
John B. Morss. Johx Joseph Nicholson.
T A meeting of the Vestry, March 3, 1849,
Messrs. Edward T. Lyon, T. H. Gibson
and Dr. Morfit were appointed a commit-
tee to procure subscriptions for the support
of a clergyman, and at a meeting- on the 10th reported
S270 as having been subscribed. At the same time the
Rev. Messrs. Sprigg, Nicholson, Tracey, Moore, Morss
and Davis were each nominated to the vacant rectorship.
But the election was postponed. In order to give time
for further consideration the Registrar was requested to
invite the neighboring clergy to officiate each a Sunday
that the church might not be closed. The invitations
given were these: The Rev. Mr. Morss, of Baltimore, to
officiate on the eighteenth ; the Rev. Mr. Davis, of West-
minster, on the twenty-fifth ; the Rev. Mr. MeKennly,
of Sherwood, on the first of April ; the Rev. Mr.
Allen, of St. Johns, on the eighth. On the ninth of
April an election not having been effected the Regis-
trar was further requested to invite the Rev. Mr.
Bailsman, of Baltimore, and the Rev. Mr. Lockwood,
of Virginia, to officiate. But more than three months
3acob B. Morss. 89
elapsed before Mr. Austin's place could be filled.
The Rev. Jacob B. Morss — 12th Rector. On the
the fourteenth of May the Rev. Jacob B. Morss was
invited to the rectorship of St. Thomas' Parish with the
offer "of two or three hundred dollars per annum, with
a comfortable and spacious glebe, in a healthy location
and in a quiet neighborhood."
[Dr. Allen has only partial 1)' quoted the letter of
invitation. It reads: "To the Rev. Jacob B. Morss,
Baltimore : The undersigned vestrymen of St. Thomas'
Parish, Baltimore County, anxious to procure speedily
the services of a priest tc fill the vacancy caused by the
death of the late Rev. C. C. Austin, with one heart and
mind in unity of the spirit and bond of peace (we trust),
turn to the Rev. Mr. Morss in this exigency as emi-
nently suited to repair the desolate state of the church,
to extend its borders, to unite the congregation and
interest many in its sublime ritual and Holy Com-
munion (if he can make so great a sacrifice of worldly
interests, sustained by faith, looking for his reward here-
after) ; to accept the appointment of Rector for the
inadequate compensation the Vestry can at this time
tender of two or three hundred dollars per annum, with
the chief attractions of a spacious, comfortable glebe, in
a healthy location and in a quiet, social neighborhood."
R. H. Owen, Benjamin Arthur, T. H. Gibson, John H.
Carroll, Henry Stevenson, H. D. Lyon, H. Morfit,
William P. Maulsby. St. Thomas' Parish, Baltimore
County, May 14, 1849. The tetter of acceptance of the
90 Hbe Garrison Gburcb.
Rev. Mr. Morss is given in full in the records. It is
dated May 22, 1849.]
It was understood that Mr. Morss was in such inde-
pendent circumstances as not to make the amount of
the salary material. There was some dissatisfaction
and Mr. Lyon resigned his place in the Vestry. June
1 8th Mr. Thomas Cradock was elected to fill the va-
cancy] .
Mr. Morss was the son of the late Rev. Dr. Morss,
of Newburyport, Mass. He was ordained in 1841 by
Bishop Ives, of North Carolina, and took charge of
Christ Church, Elizabeth City, in that Diocese. In
1843 he was in charge of Trinity Church, Pottsville,
Pa.; in 1847 of Grace Church, Waterford, N. Y. In
1848 he removed to Virginia where he married Miss
Southgate, formerly of Baltimore, to which city he
afterward removed. "
At a meeting of the Vestry on the twentieth of May,
1850, it appeared from a report made by the treasurer
that the Rector had received during the year $290, also
that an organ had been purchased at the cost of 5300,
but that the subscriptions therefor had fallen short of
paying for it. On the fifteenth of July they therefore ap-
propriated the Sunday offering to be applied to meet the
balance which remained due.
Mr. Morss Resigns. — On the thirteenth of Novem-
ber Mr. Morss resigned his rectorship. In his letter of
resignation he said: "Finding the difficulties which have
•^ee Biographical Sketches.
3obn 3osepb IRicbolson. 91
attended my residence in the country to be so great as
to make my family discontented, and there being no
probability of improvement, bnt rather an increase of
them in prospect, I am reluctantly compelled from the
necessities of the case to tender my resignation of the
rectorship of St. Thomas' Parish and dissolve the
connection which has existed so pleasantly between us
for nearly two years." This resignation the Vestry
accepted but, as the record says, "with great reluct-
ance" "and the Vestry tender to him thanks for his
gentlemanly and Christian deportment towards them,
and their sincere wishes for the future happiness of
himself and family."
Mr. Morss reported at the Convention of 1850
twenty communicants, being an addition of ten. Upon
his removal he became the Rector of St. John's Church,
Carlisle, Pa.
«
The Rev. John Joseph Nicholson — 13th Rector.
On the twenty-fifth of November, 1850, the Vest^r in-
vited the Rev. John J. Nicholson to become the Rector.
Mr. Nicholson was a native of Anne Arundel county.
He was ordained Deacon by Bishop Wittingham June 7,
1846, and took charge of Somerset Parish, Somerset
County. There he continued till his acceptance of the
invitation to St. Thomas'. Previous to entering the
ministry he had been a member of the bar. On
the ninth of June, 1851, the Vestry authorized the
Rector to collect money for painting and otherwise
repairing the church, the placing of a new plain pulpit,
92 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
reading desk and communion table in the chancel.
At the convention Mr. Nicholson reported twenty-
eight communicants, the largest number connected with
this parish church for eighty years.
July 14, 1 85 1, Air. Nicholson was married by
Bishop Whittingham, in St. Thomas' Church, to Ellen
B., daughter of Samuel Lyon, Esq., whose wife was at
the head of Hannah More Academy. This was his
second wife. On the twenty-eighth of April, 1852,
Mr. Nicholson sent in his resignation of St. Thomas'
Parish, having accepted a call to Grace Church, Water-
ford, N. Y.
In 1853 Mr. Nicholson removed to Texas and took
charge of Christ Church, Houston. He published a
number of sermons. One was preached at St. Thomas',
Septuagesima, 1852, from St. Matt, xx., 6,7, entitled
"The Idlers of the Vineyard." During a part of the
time of his rectorship in St. Thomas' Mr. Nicholson
found it necessary to resort to the assistance of a school
for his support. [Mr. Nicholson was a member of the
standing committee of the Diocese of Texas in
1854-55, and trustee of St. Paul's College, and secre-
tary of the board of trustees for that year. He
resigned his parish on account of ill-health July 5,
1855, and took letters dimissory to Alabama. He after-
wards was called to St. Mark's Church, San Antonio,
Texas, and died there in 1866. His widow removed to
Mobile, where she died in 1898.]
***>*. Lr.KOy A
REV. C. C. AUSTIN.
REV. 1. B. MORSS.
i;l \ . \\ M. F. LOCKW 0< »D.
REV. \V. STROTHER fONES.
CHAPTER XIV.
William F. Lockwood.
N JUNE 15, 1852, the Rev. Mr. Chesley, of
Virginia, was elected Rector, but declined.
August 22, 1852, the Vestry elected the
Rev. Wm. F. Lockwood, but it was not
till the twenty-seventh of October that his acceptance was
received and the first of December specified as the com-
mencement of his services. Mr. Lockwood was a native
of Vermont, but a graduate of the thelogical seminary
of the Diocese of Virginia in 1842, and was ordained in
that same year. He immediately took charge of a
parish in Fairfax County, Va., and continued there till
he came to St. Thomas'.
On calling Mr. Lockwood to St. Thomas1 it
was found that repairs were necessary to the par-
sonage. The Vestry entered on the work. The
old log kitchen was removed and the west room
of the house appropriated for that purpose. An
addition was made to the east end, having a parlor
below and a chamber above with a portico the whole
width in front. It was then provided with furni-
ture, a part [$530] of the expense, which amounted
94 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
to $1,374, was raised at a fair held by the ladies. (I)
In consequence of the appointment of a chaplain
at the Hannah More Academy and the commencement
of separate services and a separate church organization
the number of communicants in St. Thomas' was
reduced to twelve.
The records of this parish show the Rectors and
vacancies up to this time to have been as follows :
ist. Rev. Thomas Cradock, from Feb. 4, 1745, to
May 7, 1770; twenty-five years, three months.
2nd. Rev. William Edmiston, from May 9, 1770,
to Sept. 10, 1775 ; five years, four months. First va-
cancy, three months.
3rd. Rev. Thomas Hopkinsou, from Dec. 10, 1775,
to Dec. 10, 1776; one year. Second vacancy, three
years, four months.
4th. Rev. William West, D. D., from April 3,
1780, to April 3, 1782; two years, one-third of the
time.
5th. Rev. John Andrews, D. D., from April 10,
1782, to April 10, 17S5; three years, one-half the time.
Third vacancy, eight years, two months. Mr. Coleman
officiating occasionally.
6th. Rev. Thomas F. Oliver, from June 3, 1793,
to Jan. 27, 1797; three years, seven months. Fourth
vacancy, two years, two months.
7th. Rev. John Coleman, from April 8, 1799, to
iii It also appears in the record that the ladies raised J520 by subscription, so that alto-
gether they raised $1,050 out of a total of $1,374.
Xist of TRectors 95
Dec. 8, 1804; five years, eight months. Fifth vacancy,
ten months.
8th. Rev. John Armstrong, from Oct. 1, 1805, to
March, 18 10; four years, five months. Sixth vacancy,
three years, nine months. Mr. Ralph officiating occa-
sionally.
9th. Rev. John Chandler, from Dec. 28, 1813, to
Dec. 28, 1814; one year. Seventh vacancy, three years,
ten months.
10th. Rev. Joseph Jackson, from Nov. 2, 1818, to
Nov. 2, 1819; one year. Eighth vacancy, one year,
one month.
nth. Rev. Charles C. Austin, from Dec. 1, 1820,
to Feb. 9, 1849; twenty-eight years, two months.
Ninth vacancy, three months.
12th. Rev. Jacob B. Morss, from May 14, 1849,
to Nov. 25, 1850; one year, six months.
13th. Rev. John J. Nicholson, from Nov. 25,
1850, to April 28, 1852; one year, five months. Tenth
vacancy, eight months.
14th. Rev. William F. Lockwood, from Dec. 5,
1852, to April 1, 1883 ; thirty years, four months.
Thus from the commencement of the parish to this
year [1852, the 3'ear that Dr. Allen is writing this his-
tory] it has been 109 years. Of this time it has had
the service of a Rector, wholly or in part, eighty-five
years, leaving the vacancies to have covered twenty-four
years. But these years of vacancy are to be deducted
from the years since the Revolution, so that only about
96 lEbe Garrison Cburcb.
two-thirds of the time was there ministerial service ; or
taking- the years from the Revolution until Mr.
Austin's time (1820) the parish was vacant more than
one-half the time; and here it may be appropriate to
inquire what have been the causes which have hindered
the advancement of the church in the parish since 1770.
The first cause, in the order of time, it may be
affirmed, was the Revolution. Its influence has al-
ready been spoken of in part. The Church was pros-
trated in taking away its revenues, and repealing the
laws by which as a civil institution it was governed.
But the character and course of the clergy of that
day was also disastrous. One Rector zealously and
openly espoused the cause of a minority political party.
The friends of the Revolution thus to a great extent
identified the Church, — though, as subsequent facts
show, without any good reason — with the English gov-
ernment, and the friends of American Independence
seemed to feel that in order to set aside that govern-
ment the Church itself must be uprooted. Besides the
character of the two clergymen of the parish at that
time — whether in truth it was so we have not the
means of judging — was held to be utterly worldly and
actually opposed to serious and consistent piety; and
that the church will be judged, in popular esteem,
by the character of its clergy is a well known truth;
aye, not only judged of, but adhered to or abandoned as
that character may be developed.
A second cause may be held to be dissent, and the
Zbc flnfluence ot 2>issent. 97
withdrawal of the Methodists. Dissent arrayed those
connected with it in hostility and rivalry. It could not
grow but upon the ruins of the Church, which must
therefore be misjudged and misunderstood. But it must
be remembered that np to Christinas, 1784, the Metho-
dists were held to be simply a portion of and a party in
the Church, and popularly supposed to have all the
religion in it. They were unquestionably earnest and
zealous. Their withdrawal therefore was productive of
evil to the Church. But it may fairly be questioned
whether the alleged causes for withdrawing were
really sufficient for their so doing, and also whether
the actual privileges and advantages they desired
were not to be found in the Church. There was
nothing in its government or laws to prevent lay
preaching within due regulations — as their having so
long practised it fully shows — and ministerial orders
might in due time doubtless have been obtained. And
it is seriously doubted whether they have gained
as much or done as much good by their with-
drawing as they would by having continued where
they were.
A third cause to be mentioned is the many years
of vacancy in the rectorship in the forty-four years suc-
ceeding the Revolution — being more than one-half of
them. Much is lost in a single year's vacancy which
can never be regained. In some it produces dis-
couragement ; some it leaves to wander away ; and in all
it tends to an undervaluing and a habit of disregarding
98 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
the ordinances of religion, especially the Sabbath and
public worship of God.
A fourth cause is found in the Rector's being from
necessity engaged in secular teaching. Of the eleven
Rectors subsequent to the Revolution four were thus
engaged, perhaps more, and these held the parish
thirty-seven out of seventy-six years of that time — nay,
thirty-seven out of the fifty-four years that the parish
had Rectors. Now it is well known that all the time
and labor given to this employment is just so much
time and labor taken away from the parish. To the
parish therefore it is a clear loss.
A fifth cause to be noted is the frequent changes
of the other Rectors. Three out of seven had the par-
ish only one year each, and two others only about one
and a-half years each. Frequent changes are disas-
trous to any parish.
A sixth cause is found in the want of a proper in-
terest in the Church by the laity and in the efficiency of
earnest piety. God has shown us by His Word that He
giveth increase to His Church just in proportion to the
efficient labor of each and every part of it. When,
therefore, its members through want of interest or
piety are inactive, failing thus to do their part, it is a
ban to God's blessing. One man can never do the work
of ten or fifty, and if they do not their proportion it
must go undone, and yet, ordinarily, the harvest will be
in proportion to the labor bestowed.
A seventh cause perhaps had its influence also —
TIbe Uvwc Estimate of tbe Clergy. 99
that is the want of popularity in a number of the Rec-
tors. This conies generally from judging of ministers
by a false standard. The true standard is their indus-
try, piety and faithfulness. If these are not wanting —
and that they were wanting in the Rectors of St. Thomas'
has never been asserted — then unpopularity arising
from other causes is unjust in most cases, and is just so
much concession to the world, a turning away from a
right dependence on the Great Head of the Church
Himself.
One other cause [eighth) to be mentioned is a want
of a proper estimate of the clerical office and the insuf-
ficient support given to it. There is often no doubt a
want of the proper appreciation of the individual min-
ister. His learning is not appreciated by those who
have it not themselves, nor are his talents, his piety,
his general character, standing or reputation, and he
is, of course, by all such personally undervalued. But
what is here affirmed is of his office and the support
given it. It is overlooked that it is an office given the
Church by the Son of God Himself, and that he that
despiseth it despiseth Him who gave it. It is over-
looked that the want of a proper estimate or support
reflects back directly upon our blessed Lord.
It may be interesting to look at the Church now
[1852] in what was St. Thomas' Parish in 1770 when
the Rev. Mr. Cradock left it. Then there was St.
Thomas' Church with communicants more than 100,
now —
100 ITbe Garrison Gburcb.
St. Thomas' Parish, Rev. Wm. F. Lockwood, Rector.
i. St. Thomas' Church, communicants ... 12
Holy Trinity Parish, Rev. Thomas J. YVyatt, Rec-
tor, having :
2. Hol}r Trinity Church and \
3. St. Barnabas' Chapel, at - communicants . 25
Sykesville,
Ascension Parish, Rev. Oliver S. Prescott, Rector,
having :
4. Church of the Ascension, Westminster,
communicants 10
Western Run Parish, Rev. Ethan Allen, Rector,
having :
5. St. John's Church in the |
Valley and
6. Montrose Chapel 1 F. An-
derson, Esq. 1
7. Sherwood Chapel, Rev. Cyrus Waters, Rector 24
8. vSt. Michael's Church, at the Hannah More
Academy, Rev. Arthur J. Rich, M. D.,
Rector 17
9. Church of the Holy Communion 1 S. Nor-
ris, Esq.)
communicants . 10
Total 98
There arc thus nine places of worship, with six
clergymen and ninety-eight communicants, where
eighty-two years ago there was only one clergyman of
the Church and one place of public worship, though
"Jfortg lt)ears to Come!" 101.
with more than ioo communicants ; and that notwith-
standing all the discouragements and obstacles which
have been looked at in passing along.
But go back only forty years, to 1S14, then there
was one church, one chapel in ruins, and it is not
known that there were any communicants ; five years
afterward there were only ten.
Now with so many ministers, so many churches
and so many communicants what may not be antici-
pated in forty years to come !
END OF DR. ETHAN AI,t,EN*S MANUSCRIPT.
THE NEW YORK
HL.
8
«
part 11
18^2-1898
The "forty years to come," which Dr. Ethan Allen
prophesied would bring brighter days for the parish,
have passed ; the Historian, the Rector, the Vestry of
1852 have all gone from Garrison Forest. The last to
leave of that goodly company was Thomas Cradock,
then the youngest vestryman, who for forty-four years
afterward served with unwearied faithfulness and love
the Church of his forefathers.
They have all gone and the concluding pages of
this book must be written by another hand t<> record
their part in fulfilling the prophecy of that day.
CHAPTER XV.
Repairs and Improvements.
HE VESTRY records of 1853 are occupied
with the successive reports of the commit-
tee 011 improving the rectory and rais-
ing necessary funds. Among the names
which appear as generous helpers are Julia Howard,
Mrs. James Howard, Mrs. Stevenson and Mrs. Boyle.
The Vestry "mentions with commendation the noble
and disinterested exertions of Wm. Norris, Esq., who,
though not a member of the parish, collected and paid
over the handsome sum of $152." It was in this year
that Rev. A. J. Rich gave notice of his purpose to
apply to the Convention for permission to build a chapel
at Hannah More Academy (St. Michaels) which pur-
pose the Vestry instructed its delegates to resist.
As indicating one of the contentions of that year
the resolution appears on the minutes, "That this
Vestry approve of the course of Dr. Johns in preaching
in the Eutaw Street (Methodist) Church and that our
delegates be and are hereby instructed to support him
therein." The second volume of Vestry proceedings
closes April 1, 1854, with the resolution that "the
106 XTbe Garrison Cburcb.
thanks of this Vestry be presented to Dr. Thomas
Walker for the beautiful step which he has purchased
and caused to be laid at the front door of the church."
The new record book opens January i, 1855, and
the first entry, evidently proceeding from a physician,
(Dr. Councilman) reads as follows : "As the venerable
old stove which has so long occupied a situation in the
aisle shows decided symptoms of decrepitude and old
age ; and, besides the numerous cracks in its plate and
sides, has already parted with its diaphragm, it becomes
necessary to provide a substitute, Thomas Cradock is
appointed to make the necessary inquiries as to a coal
stove."
September 21, 1858, there is a minute of the death
of Richard H. Owen which records "with gratitude the
lively and deep interest our deceased associate ever
manifested for the prosperity of this Church," and
eulogizes "the many social and Christian virtues which
endeared him to us." In the register of burials there
is this entry : "Died in Baltimore, at his nephew's, R.
F. Maynard, on the eighteenth of September, 1858, R.
H. Owen, in the eighty-second year of his age. He
was buried in the churchyard of St. Thomas', on the
twentieth, by the Rector of this church. He was a
devoted member and communicant of St. Thomas' for
more than forty-five years and for many years an active
and efficient vestryman, warden and treasurer of the
same, and also a devoted friend of the Rector. (Signed)
W. F. Lock wood." He was delegate to the Diocesan
H>r. James if. flDa^naro. 107
Convention continuously from 1844 to 1858. Mr.
Owen lived at "Plinhimmon," about a mile west of
where McDonogh School is now located. He was a
bachelor and his two sisters lived with him. One of
these sisters was a widow, Mrs. Maynard, whose hus-
band had died when her son, Richard F. Maynard,
(whose name will appear again) was only two years old.
Mr. Owen is still remembered (1898) for his courteous
manners as well as for his gentleness and goodness.
The next entry outside the routine of elections and
treasurer's reports is the minute on August 12, 1861,
of the death (June 8, 1861) of Dr. James F. Maynard,
"a firm and efficient friend of the Church." The Rec-
tor in his record speaks of him as "a man of intelli-
gence, of pious education, a great and most valuable
friend of the Rector." His kind disposition toward the
Church was faithfully carried out by his brother and
executor, Mr. Richard F. Maynard, who succeeded him
as a member of the Vestry. The much-needed vestry-
room was built as a memorial of him. One thousand
dollars was also presented from his estate, "the interest
of which was to be expended for keeping in order the
church grounds." The legacy of four thousand dollars
was also received from the same estate "the interest
thereof to be appropriated to the support of indigent
students at the Alexandria Theological Seminary" and
the Vestry was empowered by Act of Legislature, 1868,
to accept the trust for this purpose. Dr. Maynard in
this way made for himself a most enduring memorial
108 Ube Garrison Cburcb.
in the parish ; and for more than thirty years the interest
of this fund has supported one student each year at the
seminary, and there are man}' men in the ministry of
the Church now who were enabled to pursue their
necessary studies by this beneficent gift ; and the
good work goes on. There have been few legacies to
Church work in this parish, and Dr. Maynard's is the
largest.
This chapter seems chiefly occupied with the
record of death, and one honored name must be added.
Mr. Edward D. Lyon died February 8, 1865. He was
a communicant, a member of the Yestry for about
twenty years, the treasurer for six years, and delegate
to the Convention for about the same time.
At a meeting in June, 1S69, it was determined to
collect money to repair the church. These repairs
were quite extensive, and cost, according to an entry,
April 10, 187 1, $3,049. This included the replacing of
the picturesque old hip-roof by a sharp-pitched roof,
which changed the appearance of the exterior of the
church. If the architect's plan of a tower had been
carried out, the proportions and lines would have been
better, but this was not accomplished. On September
7, 1873, the Rector appointed a committee to decide the
most suitable way of spending a sum of money given
for the improvement of the church. It was decided to
more "thoroughly warm and ventilate the church ; to
build a carriage-shed ; and also to estimate the cost of
building a buttressed tower as shown in the original
THE , r Y0I{K
MBL1C LIBRARY
I ASTOK, LEN'OUND
«U*N FOUKDATfONs
L
z
' i.
r.
Ube pipe ©roan. 109
drawing for repairing the church ; also the cost of the
latter with a gallery."
At the Easter-Monday meeting of the Vestry in
1874 Mr. Samuel M. Shoemaker offered to give a pipe
organ, which was gratefully accepted, and a committee
appointed to build "an addition to the church on the
left of the chancel to contain the new instrument." By
the "left of the chancel" the Vestry intended the north
side and a room corresponding to the vestryroom on
the south side was accordingly built. These rooms
disappeared in the improvements of 1890 when the
transepts were built and the chancel enlarged.
The gift of the sweet-toned organ was a beautiful
gift and has from that time until the present greatly
helped the services in the old church.
CHAPTER XVI.
St. Mark's-ox-the-Hill.
AY 31, 1874, marks the first movement in
the Vestry toward the recognition of the
work which had begun in the neighbor-
hood of Pikesville, and which afterward
developed into the Church of St. Mark\s-on-the-Hill.
A committee was appointed on motion of Mr. C. Mor-
ton Stewart, consisting of Messrs. Cradock, Rogers,
Mavnard, Wood and Harrison uto raise funds to build
or provide a chapel at Pikesville, which chapel, its man-
agement and affairs, shall be under the sole and exclu-
sive control of the Vestry of St. Thomas1 Parish ; that
evening service may be held there throughout the year
and morning service at such seasons as may be deemed
advisable by the Rector of St. Thomas' Parish ; also,
that an assistant be provided whose duty it shall be to
assist at divine worship at St. Thomas' Church every
Sunday morning and to conduct the services at Pik
ville in the evening." Mr. Stewart was added to the
committee.
A week later the committee reported : " First, That
the Rector's salary be increased to $850." (The
XTbe Gburcb Xane flDacafcamtsefc. ill
average salary for several years had not exceeded $650. )
"Second, That until the purchase or erection of a
chapel be completed ; or until an Assistant Rector be
chosen, it is deemed inexpedient to raise the question
of the salary of said assistant."
The next Sunday, June 14th, the committee ap-
pointed to negotiate the purchase of the Methodist
chapel at Pikesville reported that the owner estimated its
value at $4,200, a price which they considered too high.
On Sunday, June 21st, the committee again reported
and were directed to accept the terms. Mr. Chas. K.
Harrison was authorized to open books of subscription
to raise the required amount. The Vestry records do
not show the result of all this effort, nor the names of
the subscribers, nor the fact that at this time and for
several years there were assistant ministers appointed.
Easter Monday, April 2, 1877, Messrs. Cradock
and Maynard, who had been previously appointed as a
committee " to raise money and construct a turnpike
from the Reisterstown Road to the Garrison Church,"
reported " the total subscriptions in cash and labor for
that purpose to be $1,661.30, and the total amount ex-
pended to date $1,636.06, leaving a balance of $25.24,"
which the committee was ordered to use when necessarv
in repairing the road. The value of this improvement
cannot be too highly appreciated. Up to this time there
were often days in the winter and early spring when
the church was almost inaccessible on account of the
wretched roads.
112 Xlbe Garrison Cburcb.
It was probably this year that the parish school-
house was built, though there is nothing in the records
to show it. The first notice of it is the minute, Octo-
ber i, 1878, that " The claim of Hopkins and Marshall
($406.10) for repairs done to schoolhouse in conse-
quence of storm was read to the Vestry. Claim denied
on ground that the work had not been well done origi-
nally, and that said repairs were done without sanction
of the Vestry."
The suit of the builders resulted in a judgment
against the church in 1882 for about $525, and was paid
out of a legacy of Mr. Cardiff Tagart.
In January, 1879, the Rev. W. Strother Jones was
invited to become the assistant to the Rector, and on
April 1, 1879, he was regularly elected the assistant
minister at a salary of $800 a year. At a meeting of
the Vestry, October 10, 1880, Mr. Charles Morton
Stewart " spoke of the offer of Mr. John N. Carroll to
give a bell in case a tower was erected, and reported
favorable progress toward obtaining the funds necessary
to build it. The cost was estimated at $1,700 and he
had $1,250 in hand. The proposition to build this
tower had been previously accepted, and the matter was
left in Mr. Stewart's hands."
April 3, 1883, there is the following minute : "The
Rev. William F. Lockwood, for many years Rector of
this church, died after a lingering illness at the rector}-.
on the first inst., and was buried in his family lot this
evening; a number of clergymen officiating and a large
TRfl. Strotbcr 3ones. 113
concourse of people being present." Immediately after
the service a meeting of the Vestry took place in the
church, and resolutions of sympathy with the bereaved
family were adopted, and the use of the rectory tendered
them for the ensuing year.
Thus ended the longest rectorate of St. Thomas'
Parish, extending over thirty years. Mr. Lockwood was
highly beloved and respected, and was an excellent
preacher. His stipend was insufficient, and it was
necessary for him to keep a school, by which he sup-
ported and educated his children. For nearly ten years
before his death his health was not equal to the per-
formance of all his parochial work, and the Vestry pro-
vided an assistant. Among those who served the
Church in this capacity were : Rev. William A. Alrich,
now Rector of St. George's Parish, Spesutia, Md.; Rev.
Charles C. Randolph, now Rector of Botetourt Parish,
Virginia, and Rev. W. Strother Jones, who, on his death,
was chosen Rector.
Mr. Jones is a grandson of Chief Justice Marshall,
and was born on the estate "Oak Hill," of the Chief
Justice, in Fauquier County, Va., in 1853. He was
educated at Winchester, and pursued his collegiate
studies at Washington and Lee University, and took the
theological course at the seminary near Alexandria.
He was ordained by Bishop Whittle as Deacon in 1876,
and as priest in 1877. His first parish was Emmanuel,
Casaanova, Fauquier County, Va., from which parish
he came to Garrison Forest.
114 Ube (Samson Cburcb.
The records of 1884 show the beginning of the
movement for enlarging of the church. There were
various propositions, but nothing was done, and the
death of Mr. Samuel M. Shoemaker, June 1, 1884, whose
liberality and deep interest had been an inspiration of
progress, prevented the early consummation of this pur-
pose. Mr. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was born June
28, 182 1, at Bayon La Foruche, La. He was baptized
in this parish, as the records show, in 1823, by Rev.
Mr. Austin. The record reads, " Samuel Moor, born
June 28, 1821, son of Samuel E. and Sally Shoemaker;
baptized September 14, 1S23, by Mr. Austin."
Mr. Shoemaker was educated at Lafayette College.
December 28, 1853, he married Augusta Chambers,
daughter of Judge John B. Eccleston of Kent County,
Md. He engaged in the transportation business, and
when Mr. Adams and his associates extended their
business as far as Philadelphia they found the "Sanford
& Shoemaker Express" running between that point
and Baltimore. A combination was made and "Adams
Co.'s Express" was formed, which was afterwards made
the "Adams Express Co." Mr. Shoemaker was, from
the beginning, one of the most active members of the
Board of Managers, and for a number of years Vice
President of the company.
He was a vestryman of the parish from 1 870-^3
and from i88o-,84.
In the record of deaths the Rector at that time
made the entry, " Mr. Shoemaker was a sincere
/IDr. 3onc3 TResions. 115
Christian. For several years he had been a com-
municant and an active vestryman."
Another useful and honored vestryman, Mr.
Alexander Riddcll, died January 2, 1885.
The Vestry this year, 1885, undertook to provide
for the better heating of the church in winter by dig-
ging a small cellar in which a furnace was placed.
For the first time in the history of the parish the
Bishop (the Rt. Rev. Win. Paret) was present at a meet-
ing of the Vestry, January 14, 1886, and spoke of the
insufficiency of the Rector's stipend and it was there-
upon resolved to increase it by the sum of $200, making
it $1,000, beginning March 1st. The Vestry records for
several years show nothing of general interest.
September 14, 1888, the Rev. W. Strother Jones
resigned as Rector and the Vestry expressed "their
regret at the severance of the pleasant relations which
had existed between him and them for the past eight
years."
The Vestry proceedings cannot be taken as any
fair indication of the faithful work of Mr. Jones. The
baptisms and confirmations are a better index of his
labors, and the parish school which he started for poor
children, and the growth of the Snndav School tell the
story of his earnest efforts.
His ministry in this parish, both as the assistant
minister and as Rector, was marked with energy and
faithfulness. Upon resigning St. Thomas' Parish he
became the Rector of St. Paul's Church, Fairfield,
116
Hbe Garrison Cburcb.
Conn., where he remained until 1896, whence he was
called to St. Michael's Church, Trenton, N. J., where
he is now Rector (1S98). He received the honorary
degree of Doctor in Divinity, 1S94, Washington and
Lee University, Lexington, Va.
AS',
CHAPTER XVII.
Hob art Smith.
HE PARISH remained vacant two months.
November 17, 1888, the Rev. Hobart
Smith, Rector of Henshaw Memorial
Church, Baltimore, was elected Rector.
He accepted, to begin his duties Christmas Day.
On February 6, 1889, a committee was appointed to
take into consideration the enlarging of the church
building. On March 12th, the committee made a
report submitting a plan for the enlargement of the
church, and for the restoration of the roof, "hipped,
in the style of the age in which the church was built."
It also proposed the addition of a tower; and "the
changing of pews so as to give a middle aisle six feet
wide and two side aisles two feet, four inches wide."
The Rector objected to the change of the aisle as
removing one of the marked colonial features of the
church ; and as there were other objections, no decision
was reached. The Rector was authorized to have a
brass tablet placed in the chancel to the memory of the
Rectors who died in the parish, which tablet was pro-
vided by the generosity of one of the Vestry, Mr.
118 Xlbe Garrison Cburcb.
Charles Morton Stewart, and placed in position on
Easter-Day.
About this time the new part of the churchyard
was laid off in lots marked by stone posts ; a hedge of
arbor vitas was planted, and the prices of lots fixed.
On January 20, 1S90, at a meeting of the Vestry it
was decided to accept the majority report of the com-
mittee, which provided for the adding of a transept and
chancel at the east end of the church ; and the same
committee was authorized to obtain plans from Messrs.
W'vatt and Nolting, Architects; and also to solicit
subscriptions to the amount of 54,000 from the con-
gregation.
March 17th, the committee (consisting of Mr.
William Cheekier Shaw, Mr. R. P. Maynard, and Mr.
S. M. Shoemaken reported the estimates of cost and the
amount subscribed. The lowest estimate was 55,909.50,
and the subscriptions amounted to 52,740.00.
March 24th the Vestry met again and the follow-
ing letter was received. — "Baltimore, March 20, 1890.
To the Vestry of St. Thomas' Church, Gentlemen —
Since the agitation of the extension of St. Thomas'
Church commenced, I have determined t<> request your
body to allow me the privilege of paying the amount
named by the contractor for the work. My object i^ to
accomplish a long cherished desire — to erect a fitting
memorial to my family, to which I owe so much,
and of which I am the sole survivor. This offer 1
know is amenable to the imputation of selfishness, but
/I&r. TTaiiart's Generous (Sift. 119
will, I hope, be deemed by you laudable in the motive.
It will enable me to possess the consciousness of aiding
you in supplying more seating room for the poor, but
worthy, residents free of any charge, which has caused
our Rector and yourselves so much anxiety. I would
in this connection be glad to know that you would
assign one free pew to the matron and faculty of
McDonogh Institute. Very truly, your friend, S. H.
Tagart."
This offer was gratefully accepted, and Mr. Thomas
Cradock and Mr. R. F. Maynard were appointed with
the Rector to signify to Mr. Tagart the appreciation of
his generous gift. "The Building Committee was then
authorized to contract with Mr. John Cowan."
On Easter Monday (April 6, 1890,) it was decided
on the recommendation of the builder to put a cellar
under the entire new part of the church at a cost of
$467; also to have water introduced into the rectory and
necessary repairs made. In view of these and other im-
provements subscribers were asked not to withdraw sub-
scriptions made previously to Mr. Tagart's generous
offer.
Mr. John N. Carroll, of uthe Caves," offered to
donate a bell, which was accepted.
The total cost of the church improvement
was $8,162 07
The amount expended on the rectory was . 778 16
Total cost of improvements . . $8,940 23
120 Hbe Garrison Cburcb
This was covered by subscriptions, a list of which
will be found in the appendix.
On October ist the Church was formally re-opened
for divine worship by the Rt. Rev. Win. Paret, Bishop
of Maryland. The clergy present were Rev. A. J.
Rich, Dean of the Convocation ; Rev. Hobart Smith,
the Rector of the church ; Rev. J. H. Eccleston. D. D.,
who preached the sermon ; Revs. Hall Harrison, Geo.
A. Leakin, Frederick Gibson, A. P. Stryker, A. T. Pin-
dell, Edward P. Gray, Geo. K. Warner, Robert H.
Paine, Edw. H. Ingle, J. H. Logie, W. H. H. Powers,
Duncan McCulloch, R. A. Mayo, Edw. T. Lawrence,
Charles Gauss, Alex. M. Rich and Mason Stryker.
Mr. Charles Morton Stewart, on behalf the Vestry,
made an address. A large congregation was present.
After the service an abundant collation was served.
September 3, 1891, Mr. Samuel H. Tagart asked
the permission of the Vestry to place in the chancel
three stained glass windows as a memorial to his wife
(Sarah Mifflin Large), which permission was granted.
The windows were designed and executed by Mr. John
La Farge, of New York, and are of opalescent glass.
The theme is the Ascension. They were placed in the
church by the following Easter Day, but Mr. Tagart
did not live to see them. He died March 19, 1892, aged
eighty-one years. He was buried in the churchyard —
the last of all his family — Monday, March 21st.
Mr. Tagart was born about two miles north of the
church in 1811. He was educated at the Garrison
I II I. GARRISON CHURCH, I 8Q]
©ne tmnfrreo ano jftftietb Hnntversan?. 121
Forest Academy, and studied law at Staunton, Va., under
General Baldwin. He was a successful lawyer, and was
associated with Mr. I. Ncvitt Steele. Mr. Steele early
gained a high reputation in pleading. Mr. Tagart was
equally successful in securing public confidence, and was
greatly sought as trustee and executor for large estates.
In all the trusts committed to him there was never a
blemish on his integrity. Mr. Tagart was one of the
first trustees of the McDonogh Fund, and for many
years, and to the day of his death, the president of the
Board, and it was through his watchfulness and pru-
dence that the endowment was increased. He be-
queathed to the McDonogh School nearly two hundred
thousand dollars.
In his later years he was deeply interested in the
old parish church, under the shadow of which he had been
born and where all his family were buried. He became
a communicant in 1881 and was elected vestryman on
Easter-Monday, 1884. His interest was unfailing and
he would drive every Sunday from the city, eeen in
winter weather, and be punctually in his seat at the be-
ginning of the service.
Mr. George N. Moale was elected to the Vestry to
succeed Mr. Tag-art.
October 15, 1892, the parish celebrated the one
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Act of Assem-
bly by wdiich it was incorporated. Addresses were
made by the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Wistar Morris, Bishop
of Oregon ; Rev. J. E. Grammer, D. D., of Baltimore,
122 Hbe Garrison Gburcb.
and others. The Rector read a sketch of the history
of the parish. There was a large congregation present
and great interest manifested.
One important matter has been omitted from the
minutes of the Vestry. The chancel had been fur-
nished by the liberality of Mrs. S. M. Shoemaker.
The communion table, designed by Messrs. Wyatt &
Nolting, made of stone, a beautifully carved praver-
stall and a handsome carpet, were her gift. Mrs. Fred-
erick W. Brune gave most careful thought to the entire
work of suitably furnishing the chancel. A carved
credence table was the gift of Mr. and Mrs. John
Brooks. A white marble font, beautifully designed and
executed, was the gift of Mrs. Win. Fell Johnson.
There is a little more to record in the succeeding
years, up to the date of this publication, but the quiet
growth of interest and the steady progress toward the
fulfilment of its duty as a parish church. The classes
presented to the Bishop have not been large but they
have included some of the older men, who for years had
served the Church, and also some of the young men
reach- to serve it now. The contributions to parochial
and mission work have largely increased, and the old
church holds her place in the progress of the day.
Fifty years from now these records, which seem unim-
portant because recent, will be studied with an interest
equal to that with which we have followed those of fiftv
years ago.
Dr. Ethan Allen closed his record with a comparative
f3
00
X
u
=
u
ai
W
<-
(Browtb ot tbe IParisb. 123
view of the parish, taking the dates 1770 and 1852.
This view showed an increase of the number of
churches, or chapels, from one to nine, but a decrease
of communicants in all these churches, compared with
the number in St. Thomas' Church alone in 1770; but
Dr. Allen found some comfort by making another com-
parison between 1852 and 1814 when, after the years
of desolation, "there was one church, one chapel in
ruins, and it is not known that there were any com-
municants ;" and he fondly anticipated great growth in
the forty years to come, since there were so many more
clergy and places of worship. This dream has been
realized.
Within the limits of St. Thomas' Parish as consti-
tuted in 1742 there are now seven parishes or organized
congregations, with ten churches and chapels, 656 com-
municants, raising and appropriating $10,371.95 last
year ( 1897) for parish, diocesan and general benevolences.
There was a total number of services in these churches
last year of 1,774; the Holv Communion was cele-
brated publicly 586 times. In the appendix will be
found a tabular statement in which it will appear that
the old parish led all the others within its ancient
bounds in the amount raised for parochial uses and also
in moneys appropriated to diocesan and general mis-
sionary purposes.
This period of the parish history closes, as the
other periods have closed, with the memorial of useful
and honored lives.
124 Zhc Garrison Gburcb.
Died, July 16. 1896. Thomas Cradock, aged sev-
enty-seven years.
Died January 14, 1897, Richard F. Maynard, aged
eighty-one years.
The Vestry minute on the death of Mr. Cradoek
is as follows :
" Resolved^ That we bear record to the fidelity of
Thomas Cradock in his double capacity as senior war-
den and vestryman ; to his never-failing interest in the
duties of his position ; to his patience and generosity
as a Christian ; and to his honor as a gentleman."
The minute on the death of Mr. Maynard is
follows :
"The Rector and Vestry of St. Thomas' Parish
herebv place on record the testimonial of their love and
esteem for their late colleague, Richard F. Maynard.
Elected vestryman August 12, 1 861, treasurer March S,
1865, and warden subsequently, he held all these offices
coutinuouslv to the day of his death, and performed their
duties with a love for the Church and a conscientious
carefulness and faithfulness long to be remembered.
Strong in his convictions, fearless and outspoken in
their support, he had the unusual grace to retain the
affection of those with whom he differed. His purity
and high sense of honor, his absolute integrity and
faithfulness commended his life always to all true
men."
These two vestrymen and wardens, life-long
friends, devoted alike to the old church, entered into
jfinis. 125
their rest, with buta brief interval between the times of
their departure. They had lived to see the church
enlarged and beautified, and with their heart and soul
alive to all its interests they continued to the end in its
service, "in the communion of the Catholic Church ;
in the confidence of a certain faith ; in the comfort of
a reasonable, religious and holy hope; and in perfect
charity with the world."
"HQ?e Bfees <£0g I)ofg (frame for aff £#{> Beroanfs beparfeb f(?iB fife in
£3g faif3 anb fear ; Beseeching £0ee f ? git>e us grace bo to fofflW ffleir
goob erampfes, fflaf t»if$ f#em t»e may 6e parf afters of £#g I^eat)enfg QJing-
bom. (Sranf t#tB, (£) Sattfer, for 3esus <£#risfs safte, our onfg QfHebiafor
anb (ftbttocafe. ($men."
H>art lit
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
OF
Vestrymen, Wardens and others Connected
with St. Thomas' Parish.
H A 3
a
FRIENDLY |
character!
OFTHELATE §
Revd. Thomas Cradock, I
g
Re&or of St. THOMAS's Baltimore County,
MARYLAND. \
Who departed this LIFE, May 7, 1770, in the Fifty Second
Year of his A^i :.
$
^. TE was univcrfally allowed to be a fincerc Christian, a polifhed Scholar, an
Q JL A gant and perfuaiive Preacher, a tender Parent, and an affectionate Hufband ;
Q and though for many Years by the Will of Providence he was render'd incapable of &
^ performing the common OrHces of Life, he feldom omitted his Duty as a Mimftcr '^
© of the eftablifh'd Church, and by his Charitv, Piety, Benevolence, and tj
$ Hospitality, he had the rare Felicity of rendering Himfelf acceptable to thofe >(
■ if a different Communion with himfelf, and to every other Pcrfon who had the 3
y( Pleafure of his Acquaintance ; nor was he lefs fortunate in his domertic Happinefs. J$
$} Confcious to Himfelf of his own Integrity, he never fu I peeled that of Others, and &
52 firmly perfiuded of the great Importance of a virtuous Life, he met Death with that 3
£< calm Rcfignation, that pleating Tranquility fo cffentially neceffary in the Christian, fjf
£» the Scholar, and the Gi s : If he h.d any Faults, they were trivial, Q
M when put in competition with his Virtues. v^
* . a
Printed by THOMAS WORRALL, No. 99, Bijbopfgate without.
129
Tlhc (5tsts.(IJ
As early as 1684 Charles, absolute lord and proprietor of
Maryland, granted to Richard Gist a large tract of land now
known as Cole's Cares, Green Spring, &c. His father, Chris-
topher Gist, was of English descent and settled on the south
branch of the Patapsco in 1682, his wife, Edith Cromwell,
being, it is said, a grand-daughter of the Protector. Richard
was surveyor of the Western Shore, one of the commissioners
for laying off Baltimore Town and presiding magistrate in 1736.
He married Zipporah Murray and had four daughters and three
sons, Christopher, Thomas and Nathaniel.
It was this Christopher who, in 1743, sold the site for the
church. Because of his knowledge of the country on the Ohio
and his skill in dealing with the Indians he was chosen to
accompany Washington on his mission in 1753, and it is from
his journal that all historians derive their account of the expe-
dition. He married Sarah, daughter of Joshua and Joanna
O'Carroll Howard, and with three sons, Nathaniel, Thomas and
Richard, was with Braddock on the fatal field of Monongahela.
For his services he received from the king a grant of 12,000
acres in Kentucky. Thomas was taken prisoner, and was with
the Indians in Canada for fifteen or sixteen years. After his
release he lived with his father on his grant in Kentucky and
became a man of legal fame. Richard married and settled in
South Carolina, and was killed at the battle of King's Mount-
ain. He has descendants still living in that state. Gen.
Nathaniel Gist married Judith Cary Bell, of Virginia. He was
a colonel in the Virginia Line during the Revolution and died
early in the present century, at an advanced age, leaving two
sons, Henry Cary and Thomas Cecil. His eldest daughter,
Sarah Howard, married Hon. Jesse Bledsoe, United States Sen-
ator from Kentucky, and a distinguished jurist. Nancy married
(1) This sketch is largely taken from a pamphlet, entitled "The Gist Family," com-
piled by Mr. Chas. T. Cockey, 1885.
130
Col. Nathaniel Hart, a brother of Mrs. Henry Clay. Elizabeth
Yioletta Howard married F. P. Blair and became the mother of
Hon. Montgomery Blair and F. P. Blair, Jr. The fifth daughter
married Benjamin Gratz, of Lexington.
Thomas, son of Richard and Zipporah Murray Gist, mar-
ried in 1735 Susanna, daughter of John Cockey. Their house
stood in the hollow west frcm the pike south of where Mr. Wm.
Checkley Shaw now lives (1898). He was a member of the
Committee of Observation in 1774 and was elected Colonel of
the Soldiers' Delight Battalion, but there is no record of his
having been in active service. He had two daughters, and
five sons, John, Thomas, Gen. Mordecai Gist, one of the
most noted soldiers of the Revolution, Richard, Joshua and
David.
Mordecai Gist was engaged in business in Baltimore at the
outbreak of the war. He was a member of the Non-importation
Committee in 1774, and captain of the Independent Cadets, which
he organized. In 1776 he was made major of Smallwood's First
Maryland Regiment, and commanded it at the famous battle of
Long Island in the absence of its colonel and lieutenant-colonel,
who were attending a court martial in New York. He rose to
the rank of brigadier-general, and was present at the surrender
of Cornwallis. At the close of the Revolution he removed to
South Carolina, where he died in 1792. His first wife, Cecil
Carnan, is buried with her child in St. Thomas' Churchyard.
He had a son, Independence, by his second wife, Mary Sterrett,
and a son, States, by his third wife, Mrs. Cattell, of South
Carolina.
Joshua Gist was one of the early settlers of Carroll County.
During the administration of John Adams an excise duty was
laid on stills. This created what was known as the Whiskey
Insurrection, and the excitement extended to what is now
Carroll County, and a band of whiskey adherents marched to
Westminster and set up a liberty pole. The citizens be-
came alarmed and sent for Colonel Joshua Gist, who then
commanded a regiment of militia, and was known to be a brave
and fearless man. Mounting his horse he rode into town, and,
drawing his sword, ordered the insurrectionists to cut down the
pole. He then placed his foot upon it and ordered them to cut
131
it in pieces. " Now, go home ! " was the final command.
He died in 1839, aged ninety-one years, and was buried in
the Gist family graveyard in Carroll County.
David Gist, the youngest son of Thomas and Susan, married
Miss Hammond, and it is said eventually removed to Kentucky.
He had one son, Thomas Hammond, who lived on the site of the
old house at McDonogh School, married Julia A. M. Hammond,
and died in 1832. His daughter, Thomasina, was born the fol-
lowing April, and in 1834 Mrs. Gist became the wife of Lewis
C. Leoin. Thomasina had a most eventful, adventurous life.
It is a long story.
— K. C.
Ube 1bowat:fc>0.(I)
The Howards were living in what is now St. Thomas' Parish
as far back as 1692. Joshua Howard, the emigrant, was from
the vicinity of Manchester, where at Monmouth's Rebellion the
people turned out loyally to support James II. Though very
young, he joined them and marched with them to London.
Monmouth having been defeated and captured, they were dis-
banded, but dreading his father's displeasure should he return
home, Howard soon after left England and came to America.
Obtaining a grant of land he settled in the "Forest," about a
mile above the present village of Pikesville. Little is known
of him subsequently, except that he married Joanna O'Carroll
from Ireland, and had a number of children — Francis, Cornelius,
Edmund, Violetta, Sarah, Mary and Elizabeth.
Francis, the oldest, went beyond the seas, probably to Eng-
land, and, though mentioned in his father's will, afterwards
disappeared from the knowledge or tradition of the family.
Cornelius inherited " Howard's Square " and married Ruth
Eager.
Edmund also married and left descendants.
Violetta, Sarah and Mary married William, Christopher and
Nathaniel Gist, and Elizabeth Howard became the wife of Wil-
liam Welles. She had two suitors, and one day in crossing a
stream she lost her seat and fell into the water. The favored
(1) This iuformatiou as to the Howards is given by Mr. James McHenry Howard.
132
suitor made for land, but Mr. Welles plunged boldly in and
rescued her, and she very wisely married him.
Joshua Howard died in 1738, and with his wife is buried on
the old place, the stones which mark their graves being still
visible above the surface of the ground as late as 1848.
Cornelius, the second son of Joshua Howard, was the first
church warden when St. Thomas' Parish was organized, and a
vestryman for many years. He was born about the year 1706,
and married Ruth, daughter of John Eager, on the twenty-fourth
of January, 1738. Her brother, George, having been lost at sea,
she became sole heiress of the Eager property, which the growth
of the town made every year more valuable, and upon which a
large part of Baltimore is now built. Mr. Howard also acquired
many additional acres in the county and consolidated the tracts
under a larger patent called Rosland.
He and his wife lived and died on the old place now owned
by Mr. Graves, but he took a prominent share in the develop-
ment of the town, and added to it in 1765 "that part south of
Saratoga Street, between Forest (now Charles) and Liberty, in-
cluding Conway and Barre Streets.
A diary says that in 181 2 an old house which belonged to
Mr. Howard stood opposite the Hanover Market, and that his
barn and stables covered the site of the market, the farm
extending towards Spring Gardens. When the French Acadians
first found refuge in the town in 1756 he allowed them to sleep
in his barnyard which they covered over with hay and straw.
Cornelius Howard died on the fourteenth of June, 1777, and
was "the only prominent man connected with the earliest history
of Baltimore who died during the Revolutionary War.'
Mrs. Howard survived him a number of years.
Colonel John Eager Howard.
Colonel John Eager Howard, one of the most conspicuous
heroes of the Revolution, was born on the fourth of June, 1752, at
the old house the ruins of which are still seen. He was
a member of St. Thomas* Vestry in 1775 and 1776, a member of
the County Committee of Observation and of the committee to
license suits at law. His first commission was that of captain
in the Soldiers' Delight Battalion of the Flying Camp. He v.
133
with Washington at White Plains, at Monmouth, Camden, Guil-
ford, Hobkirk's Hill and Eutaw, and the hero of Cowpens, where
he seized the critical moment and turned the fortunes of the
day. At one time he held in his hands the swords of seven
British officers whom he had taken prisoners. Congress voted
him thanks and a medal for his services.
After the close of the war he married Margaret Chew,
daughter of Benjamin Chew, of Philadelphia, and removed to
Baltimore Town. He was honored by being three times elected
Governor of the State and twice represented Maryland in the
United States Senate. Washington offered him a seat in his Cabi-
net as Secretary of War. He died on the twelfth day of October,
1827, and few men have been more truly mourned and lamented.
The Howard property extended over the pike, its lines run-
ning zigzag with the Lyons, and there was a road across to
" Rosland " which turned in the north side of the lane leading
to Mr C. L,yon Rogers.
Cornelius Howard.
Cornelius Howard, the younger, was born December 6,
1754, and lived where the Myers now own, his house forming
part of that occupied by them. Unlike the rest of his family he
was a Tory and maintained these sentiments to the end of his
life, having to pay double taxes for years for his opinions. But,
though in a hotbed of Whigs, he, strange to say, kept the good
will of his neighbors, and no bitter feeling seems to have been
engendered against him.
He was a man of high character, with strong convictions of
right, truthful and exact to a fault. He possessed the confi-
dence of the community, many differences being submitted to
his judgment, and he would go any number of miles to settle a
dispute. Mr. Howard was elected a member of the House of
Delegates in 1793, and later served with great satisfaction as
Judge of the Orphans' Court.
He and his sister, Mrs. Elder, became Methodists, probably
owing to the depressed state of the church.
He died a bachelor February 12, 1844, having reached
the age of ninety. His great nephew, Mr George H. Elder,
lived with him and took the place of a son.
134
Mrs. Lyon asked him one day why he did not marry. Mr.
Howard did not answer her, but in the course of a few days en-
closed her some newspaper clippings of a divorce suit.
James Howard.
James Howard, a younger son of Cornelius and Ruth, was
born on the eighth of July, 1757, and was known as "Jimmy "
Howard. He lived at the old home place, and Miss Nancy Ash-
man kept house for him. He was for a number of years an
active and efficient vestryman, and at one time treasurer of the
church. He was also a delegate to the Diocesan Conventions,
and acted as secretary to the convention in 1787.
He espoused the Revolutionary cause, and held a lieuten-
ant's commission in one of the companies which were raised. He
died unmarried on the eleventh of June, 1806.
He was very fond of his dog and gun. Upon one occasion
he had a beef killed, and leaving directions for it to be cut up
and put away, went off ducking. On his return the beef hung
as he had left it, his dog keeping guard and refusing to allow it
to be touched. His horse was trained with much care, and at
the word of command would drop in the road as if dead. Some
gentlemen wanted to bet Mr. Howard that they could ride the
horse past him. He said they had better try before betting.
General Strieker mounted, but when the horse reached Mr.
Howard, it obeyed his command to lie down.
The horse dropped in the road one day to the great conster-
nation of some laborers who rushed to his assistance with water
in their hats to revive him, when suddenly, at a word from his
master, he bounded up and away.
For years Mr. Howard was a martyr to the gout, and when
unable to walk he would shoot from horseback, the horse stand-
ing perfectly still while the dogs retrieved the game, and rearing
up, handed it to him.
— K. C.
TIbe Owtngs.
The earliest trace of the Owens and Owings in Maryland
is found in the Land Records at Annapolis, where grants of land
135
are recorded to Richard Owens (1654), "Smith's Neck," 100
acres, near South River, to John Owens (1670), " Owens' Pur-
chase," 200 acres, Charles County; John Owens (1673), " Swan's
Point," on Gunpowder River, Baltimore County, 100 acres; Col.
Thomas Taylor in behalf of Ann Owens, widow of Richard
Owens, merchant (1684), 315 acres, "Smith's Neck," near
South River.
In 1688 there is an assignment of laud by William Little to
Richard Owings, 384 acres, Elk Ridge, between the Patuxent
and Patapsco Rivers, " Locust Thicket."
October 10, 1694. A grant of land unto Ricbard Owings,
of Anne Arundel County, 450 acres, called "Owings' Adven-
ture," on north side of Patapsco River.
Samuel Owings, whose name appears in the earliest record
of St. Thomas' Parish, was the son of Richard and Rachel (Beale
or Bale) Owings, and was born April 1, 1702, in a little house,
part stone and part log, two rooms below and two above, located
in " Green Spring Punch," in the Green Spring Valley. (This
cottage was occupied from 1700 until 1870 by successive genera-
tions of Owings, the house being enlarged from time to time. It
passed in 1870 into the hands of the' Ashland Iron Company.")
January 1, 1729, "Samuel Owings was marryed to Urath
Randall, daughter to Thomas and Hannah Randall." Urath
Randall was born January 1, 17 13, and was married on her
sixteenth birthday. The family record as contained in Urath
Randall's Bible is a model of exactness. It tells not only the
date, but also the hour and the day of the week when each of
the eleven children was born. Bale, May 19, 1731; Samuel,
August 17, 1733; Rachel, May 2, 1736; Urath. June 26, 1738;
Thomas, October 18, 1740; Hannah, April 17, 1743, died Janu-
ary 2, 1745; Christopher, February 16, 1744; Richard, August
26, 1746, died September 28, 1747; Richard, July 16, 1749;
Hannah, January 27, 1750; Rebekah, October 21, 1746. Urath
married Benjamin F. Lawrence; Thomas married Ruth Law-
rence; Rebekah married Joshua A. Howard; Hannah married
William Cockey (son of William and Constant (Ashman)
Cockey), who died leaving one child, Ruth; she afterwards mar-
ried Capt. John Stone; by this second marriage she had five
children, one of whom (Martha) married Samuel Stump.
136
Samuel Owings was one of the commissioners under the
Act of Assembly of 1742 to select and purchase the site of St.
Thomas' Church, and to receive subscriptions toward building
it. He was one of his majesty's justices for the county. He
was vestryman 1750-52 and registrar 1753-57. He died April
6, 1775-
Samuel Owings, Jr., the second son of Samuel and Urath
Owings (born August 17, 1733), married Deborah Lynch,
daughter of William and Elinor Lynch, of '• Pomona," October
6, 1765. They went to live in a small stone and frame house
which is still standing as a part of the house now (1898) owned
and occupied by Mrs. Wells, one-half mile west of Owings'
Mills. Mr. Owings afterward built a brick dwelling, a part of
the house now (1898) owned by Mr. E. Lynn Painter. He
called the place Ulm, the letters of which U. L. M. stood for
"Upper," "Lower" and "Middle" Mills, three mills which
he owned; the present " Eureka " flour mill, a plaster mill
now transformed into a dwelling and owned by Mrs. Har
mon), and a grist mill now owned by Mr. K. Lynn Painter. The
stamp of these mills was U. L- M. During the Revolution the
magistrates were ordered to seize all the wheat for food for the
army. John Moale went to Sam Owings, who called his atten-
tion to the fine bran in his barn. Mr. Moale ran his cane
through the bran and struck boards, under which it seems Mr.
Owings had his wheat concealed. He was suspected of a lean-
ing towards the Tories. He also erected another brick grist
mill, which, in 1848, was torn down and the material used to
build the house in which Mr. John Reese now lives. In his day
the facilities of transportation were not great, and Mr. Owings
must have been a man of immense energy to accomplish the
securing of large quantities of wheat and shipping the flour.
There are twenty-nine grants of land recorded in his name,
aggregating 13,891 acres. These grants extend through Anne
Arundel, Baltimore and Frederick Counties, ranch of the land
being immediately around Frederick. He also owned a ship-
ping house in Baltimore Town. This Samuel Owings gave the
ground (four acres) where the rectory now stands, and afterward
sold the vestry thirty acres more at S20 per acre. He was ves-
tryman 1792-1803. He died in 1803.
137
His children were: William, born May 5, 1767, and mar-
ried Ann Halderman; Urath, born February 22, 1769, married
John Cromwell, December 6, 1787; Samuel, born April 3, 1770,
married Ruth Cockey, March 22, 1791; Eleanor, born February
7, 1772, married Thomas Moale, March 21, 1793, died October
25, 1853; Sarah, born December 25, 1773, married James Win-
chester, March 21, 1793; Rebecca, born January 12, 1776;
Deborah, born November 14, 1777, married Peter Hoffman, May
16, 1799; Frances, born September 30, 1779, married Robert
North Moale, July 2, 1801; Rachel, born August 27, 1781, died
October 19, 1782; Mary, born March 27, 1784, married Richard
Cromwell, February 6, 1800; Ann, born December 20, 1785, mar-
ried George Winchester; Beale, born November, 1791, married
Eleanora Magruder.
Samuel Owings (3d), born April 3, 1770, married Ruth
Cockey, his cousin, March 22, 1791. He inherited from his
grandfather, Samuel Owings (1st), the old homestead, ' Green
Spring Punch." They had thirteen children, six of whom
lived; Deborah married Henry Stevenson, Hannah married Wil-
liam Ballard, Urath married Edward A. Ccckey, William Lynch
married Sophia North Moale, James Winchester married Maria
Jones, Charles Ridgely married Nora Small.
This home, as can be imagined, was full of life and
social enjoyment. The story is told that there was a club of
men met there who voted a knife to Samuel Owings as the
handsomest man, with the instructions to give it to the first man
he met whom he thought handsomer than himself, but he never
found the man. There was also a knife voted to the ugliest
member of the club with similar instructions, but he disposed
of the knife in a few days.
There is another story: In 1830 when the railroad was in
process of construction through the Green Spring Valley, Mr.
George Winchester, who was president of the company, fre-
quently visited the work. On one occasion when it was very
cold the workmen opened a cavity in the quarry, now owned by
Mrs. S. M. Shoemaker, and found some torpid snakes. Mr.
Winchester carried several of these snakes in his handkerchief
to Mrs. Owings, where he was invited to dine, and placed them
on the hearth before an open fire in the dining-room. During
138
the dinner, " Phil," the waiter boy, kept his eye on these snakes.
Presently he said to his mistress, "Missus, dem snakes is a
moovin' ! " then " Missus, dey is crawlin' ! ' " My goodness,
Missus, one's just gone under de table ! ' and Phil escaped into
the yard, followed by the family.
There is a story about a walnut tree said to have been
planted by Urath Randall before she married Samuel Owings ( i st).
The tree grew until it measured in circumference thirty-two
feet and cast a shade at noontide of 120 feet. Frequently the
family tcok their meals under this great tree. It was blown
down about 1888, when one of the grandchildren of Samuel
secured a log of the largest limb, measuring twenty inches in
diameter and eight feet long, had it sawed into boards, which
he divided among his children as a memento of that which had
afforded so much pleasure and comfort for his ancestors.
In the time of Samuel Owings (3d) farmers had a hominy mor-
tar made of a large oak log about three feet in length with a funnel-
shaped hole in one end, made by burning and boring as large as
the size of the log would permit. Its proper place was in the corner
of the kitchen. The firstborn of Samuel and Ruth was Deb-
orah, so named for her grandmother. While the mother was
attending to household duties, Debbie, as she was known in the
family, was placed in the hominy mortar for safety, and thus
did her crowing. Later this little girl was known by her family
relations as Aunt Debbie, her neighbors knew her as Miss Deb-
bie, until later in life she became Mrs. Henry Stevenson. As
the Samaritan of the county around, she could be seen almost
every afternoon and if necessity required it, at other times, on her
thoroughbred mahogany bay mare (Diamond \ with her little
basket hung upon the pommel of her saddle containing comforts
for the poor, the sick and the needy. To her and her dear friend
in this work, Miss Sarah Nicholas, the success of St. Thomas'
Church is largely indebted.
Samuel Owingsi 3d 1 was vestryman from 1799 until 1824.
— C. T. C.
cbe Carnans.
The Carnans were from Reading, Berks, England. We first
140
hear of Christopher Carnanin Philadelphia in the winter of 1749,
when he is mentioned in Watson's Annals as one of the man-
agers of the " Assembly Balls.' ' He is spoken of elsewhere as
well known in Baltimore, when he married on the thirteenth of
June, 1751, Elizabeth North, the oldest daughter of Capt. Robert
North, who "preferred him poor and handsome to the richest
man in the Province." They received 1,500 guineas on their
wedding day, and went on a trip to England, where Mrs. Car-
nan was received by her family. Their oldest son, Charles, was
born on the voyage home.
Captain North had given to his daughter Elizabeth the
place now owned by Capt. Wilson C. Nicholas, one-half of a
tract of land which he bought from the Gists in 1745, and Chris-
topher Carnan built the old house which, in 1898, stands intact.
His initials cut on one of the boards can still be deciphered.
His children were Charles, born June 20, 1752, and Robert
North, born August 8, 1756.
His tombstone bears the following inscription:
Christopher Carnan,
Who Lived and Died an Honest Man.
On the 30TH of December. 1769.
Aged 39 Years.
He was most probably the brother of Cecil Carnan, the first
wife of Gen. Mordecai Gist, and of John Carnan, from whom
the Ridgelys, of " Hampton," are descended.
Cecil Carnan's epitaph reads:
To the Memory of
Cecil Gist,
Daughter ok Charles and Prudence Carnan,
of London,
Who Departed this Life
The ist Day of July, 1770.
A • ■ i- 1 >
141
Friendly stranger, stop, gaze on this silent tomb,
The end of Nature in the prime of youthful bloom.
IyOSt from the soft endearing lies of I,ife,
And tender name of daughter, sister, mother, wife.
Ye blooming fair, in her your fading charms SUrvi 5
She was whate'er your tender hearts can say.
More than exceeds ye muses noblest point of thought,
or l'ope or Milton's verses ever taught
Farewell, lamented shade 1 can proceed no more;
Too fast thy memory prompts the tear to flow.
Such was ve will of fate, nor must we murmur at ye rod.
Nor allwise dispensations of our God.
Here in hope we trust, here our sorrows rest ;
The good, virtuous dead an- ever blest.
John Carnan married Achsah Ridgely, the widow of Dr.
Robert Holliday, and his son, Charles Ridgely Carnan, took the
name of his uncle, Captain Ridgely, and inherited " Hampton."
Achsah Ridgely 's third husband was Daniel Chamier.
Charles Carnan, son of Christopher, inherited " Atamasco,"
and was twice married. His first wife was Miss Boyce and his
second Miss Johnston, of York, daughter of Samuel Johnston,
who then married Colonel Carnan's mother.
The parish record shows : "Rebecca Carnan, daughter of
Charles and Mary, his wife, was born June 8, 1775." " Sarah,
daughter of Charles and Sarah Carnan, was born April 20, 1795."
From a family Bible : Elizabeth Carnan married Nelson
Norris, May 21, 1816.
Two daughters of Charles Carnan married Nelson Norris,
and one of them, it is said, left a son, who went west.
Colonel Carnan was a great card player. One day a party
was assembled, but he had not come home. They heard a
horse's steps, and Mrs. Carnan said, " That cannot be he, be-
cause he rode a certain horse of a certain color." Mr. Tagart
answered, " Pray, madam, does he always ride the same horse
down the hill that he rides up ? ' Presently a voice was heard,
"Jim, come put my horse in the stable!" It was Colonel Car-
nan, and he had returned upon a different horse. He had a pas-
sion for horse trading, and it was said once traded thirteen times
and returned home on the horse on which he started.
Some times he would give up card playing and be very
good for a while, probably influenced by his brother Robert,
who was a Methodist. Then he would take a little stick and
point, " When I played cards I would have played so and so."
142
It was a saying, ' ' Jim, snuff the candle, I can't see my trumps. ' '
Robert North Carnan married Katheriue Risteau, daughter
of George Risteau, and lived at "The Garrison" His name
was enrolled in a home guard during the Revolution, but he saw
no active service. He was a man of high integrity and un-
bounded hospitality, and like Mr. Cornelius Howard, became a
staunch Methodist. His mother sent Charles to remonstrate
with him, but he came back and said, " I half believe Robert is
right."
He had seven children. Frances Todd, born November 24,
1777, who married Robert Wilkinson, and died within a year;
George Risteau, died in early youth; Christopher, born July 19,
1780, who married, March 9, 1802, Christiana Sim Holliday,
daughter of John Robert Holliday and Eleanor Addison Smith:
Elizabeth, who died unmarried; Mary | Maria) North, born De-
cember 9, 1792. who married Eli Simkins; Rebecca Risteau,
born May 23, 1794, who married Joshua Tevis; Frances Wilkin-
son, born after the death of her oldest sister, and called for her,
was the first wife of William Fell Johnson.
George Risteau Carnan's death was occasioned by a fall from
a tree, the consequence of climbing it on Sunday, and was held
upas a warning to future generations. "Risteau's Garrison,"
which had been bequeathed to him by his uncle, Thomas Ris-
teau, came into the possession of his brothers and sisters, and
was bought from them by their father.
One day the Methodist preacher was at Mr. Carnan's house
having prayers. After sending up fervent petitions for "Bob
Wilkinson," he added, "There he is, Lord, at the foot of the
bed."
Robert North Carnan died in 1836. He had married the
second time, Mrs. Eunals, who was a Miss Goldsborough, of the
Eastern Shore.
— K. C.
Gapt. Jobn IRtsteau.
John Risteau was a Huguenot and fled from France after
the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. He came from the
County Ghent, and from his rent roll must have been a man of
143
importance. He was high sheriff of Baltimore County and
captain of a garrison stationed upon his plantation during the
Indian wars. His name is among those who took up lots in
Baltimore Town in 1730, and he was one of the subscribers for
the chapel of ease in the Forest.
He married Katherine, daughter of George Ogg, and widow
of William Talbot. Their children were Talbot, Isaac, Joseph
and George, and one daughter, Katherine, who, at the age of
seventeen, became the wife of Rev. Thomas Cradock.
Talbot married Mary Stokes, June 20, 1745, and died No-
vember 23, 1753. He was clerk of the county court when Bal-
timore and Harford were one, from 1746 until his death.
Isaac was born November 4, 1724, and married Elizabeth
Reaven in 1748. His son, Capt. John Talbot Risteau, ran away
from home at his mother's second marriage and joined the
English service, with the stipulation that he was not to fight
against the Americans. He was the father of Dr. Thomas
Cradock Risteau, for many years a member of the House of
Delegates. Dr. Risteau married Ann Courtenay, of Baltimore,
and had one daughter, Mary, who became the wife of Daniel
Jenifer, of Charles County.
Joe studied for the ministry, but died before being ordained
and was buried under the chancel of the church, the only inter-
ment which has ever been made within the edifice.
George married Frances Todd, a daughter of Thomas Todd
(4th), on August 7, 1757, and lived at "The Garrison," which
his father bequeathed to him with adjacent acres. He was
acting warden of the church in 1752 and vestryman from 1762.
He was a member of the Committee of Observation and of the
Provincial Conventions of 1775 and 1776.
His children were Katherine, born June 17, 1758 ; Eleanor,
born January 15, 1760; Thomas, born January 16, 1763; John,
April 14, 1764; Frances, July 26, 1767, and Rebecca, born De-
cember 5, 1770.
Katherine married Robert Carnan. — K. C.
George Bramwell.
George Bramwell, registrar 1 758-1 764, was the son of
144
Chief Justice Bramwell, of London, who was grandfather of the
late Chief Justice Lord Bramwell (born June 12, 1808; died
May 9, 1892.) He was educated for the law and was admitted
as a barrister, but being a younger son and inheriting neither
title nor land, he emigrated to Maryland in 1735 and purchased
lands north of Patapsco Falls, in what is now Carroll County,
adjoining the western boundary of Baltimore County, near Glen
Falls Station. He married in 1750 Mrs. Susanna Fortt, who
bore him two children, Mar}' and Henry.
George Bramwell styles himself Scrivener in his will, dated
September, 1770. The county records show that he frequently
acted as an attorney and also that his operations in real estate
were considerable. He died September 27, 1770.
Zbc /IDoale family.
The Moale family has been identified with St. Thomas'
Church for many years, and their graves are among the oldest
in the churchyard.
John Moale, son of Richard and Elizabeth Moale, was born
in Kenton Parish, Devonshire, England, October 30, 1697, emi-
grated to America in 1719, and settled on the middle branch of
the Patapsco River. The place was called Moale's Point. He
married Rachel, daughter of Gen. John Hammond, of Severn
River, April 17, 1723. His two sons, John and Richard, were
quite conspicuous in the early history of Baltimore. John
married Ellin, daughter ot Capt. Robert North, at the residence
of her sister, Elizabeth, wife of Christopher Cam an, in Balti-
more, in 1758. Captain North was from the Parish of Whit-
tington, County of Lancaster, England. He died in 174S, and
bequeathed to his daughter, Ellin, the property known as
Greenspring, most of which is now owned by her descendants,
the Elder family, and though after her marriage she and her
husband continued to reside in the town, they built part of the
present house on the Greenspring property, and became closely
associated with the parish. "Aunt Milly," an old family
servant, now (1898) over ninety, who has seen six generations
of the Moale family, remembers quite well when Mrs. Moale
used to come every summer to the country.
I
THE NE-W YORK
PUBLIC L1BK
ASTOR, LEN'OX AND
TlUiEN FOUNDati
* *fT^>
'■^"W'V
&^
V CORNER Ol rHE CHURCHYARD WHER1 I Ml CRADOCKS, MOALES,
CARXANS AND PHILPOTS ARE BURIED.
145
Mr. Moale was an ardent Whig, and took an active interest
in affairs during the Revolution. He was a member of the
Committees of Observation and Correspondence and of the con-
ventions of 1774 and 1776. He was lieutenant-colonel of the
Baltimore Town battalion of militia from May, 1776, to the
close of the Revolution, and for many years Presiding Justice of
the county court. His sons, Thomas and Robert North, were
members of the Vestry of St. Thomas' Church. Thomas mar-
ried Eleanor, daughter of Samuel Owings, and was in the
Vestry for a number of years between 181 1 and 1821. Robert
North married Frances, sister of Eleanor Owings, and was a
member of the Vestry for eight or ten years, delegate to the
Diocesan Convention in 1806, and treasurer from 1820 to 1823.
He died in 1852, leaving the Greenspring property, where he
lived for many years, to his daughter, Ellin, wife of Geo. H.
Elder.
John Moale, the father of John and Richard, had two
daughters, Elizabeth, who died in her fourth year, and Rebecca,
who became the wife of Charles Croxall, of Croxall Hall, Eng-
land. Mr. and Mrs. Croxall are buried in a family burial
ground on the farm, Garrison, in Greenspring Valley, now
owned by Charles T. Cockey, where are also the graves of a
number of the Buchanan, Rogers and Gittings families.
— G. N. M.
ftbe %von jfamilp.
Dr. William Lyon began to take up land about two miles
below the church in 1745, and removed to the county eight or
ten years later. He was a Scotchman, son of a Presbyterian
clergyman, near Perth, and came to Baltimore Town in 1735,
soon after receiving his diploma. He engaged in all the im-
portant undertakings of the day and aided materially in the de-
velopment of the town. He established the first drug store there
in 1746, Eyon & Philpot, and in 1750 was appointed a com-
mittee of one to enforce what is the first health ordnance on the
records. When Moale's map of Baltimore was made in 1751 he
is mentioned as the only physician within its limits.
He was one of the largest subscribers for " Keeping up,
146
repairing and making good the fence of the said town," and he
was also a subscriber for the erection of a market house, but this
was not effected until some time later, in 1763, when he was
one of the commissioners.
The Lyon property, called Wester Ogle, after the old Easter
Ogle estate in Scotland, originally contained 1,700 acres. Dr.
Lyon established mills near what is now McDouogh Station
and erected a large warehouse opposite the present Wester Ogle
entrance. His house stood on Lyon's Mill Road, between the
pike and the Falls, and was eventually burned to the ground
with all it contained.
Dr. Lyon was appointed a member of the county Committee
of Observation in 1775, and lived through the Revolution, dying
in 1795, at the good old age of eighty-two. Wester Ogle is still
held by one of his name, almost the only instance in the parish.
His only son, Major Robert Lyon, resided, after the old
house was burned, near the Stone Chapel. He did not adhere
strictly to the Scotch tenets of his father's faith, though he
styled himself a Presbyterian. He is mentioned in 1818 as one
of the congregation of St. Thomas' who met on Easter Monday
to elect the Vestry, but seems to have taken no active part in
the church.
At the beginning of the Revolution he joined Captain
Plunkett's Company, and occupied one of the posts of honor in
the front rank. He served through the struggle, and was pres-
ent at several engagements. At the close of the war Captain
Plunkett organized the " Baltimore Troop," and Robert Lyon
was among those who enlisted. He was a fine horseman and
stories are told of his prowess.
Major Lyon died esteemed and respected in 1842, having
reached the age of eighty-eight years. His wife was Susan Hall,
daughter of Elisha Hall, of Cecil County, and he had two
daughters and a number of sons — William, Charles, Swan,
Samuel Hall, Robert, Edward and James. Mary Lyon mar-
ried Micajah Rogers, and Kitty Lyon, James B. Latimer.
Mrs Gist considered the mill dam a menace to health, so she -en: foi i>i l,yon
and, locking tin- door, told him he should not leave tin room until he promised to have it
removed. Dr. I.von replied. " By my troth, woman, you're daft," and succeeded in mak
ing his escape. The story goes that she wore a rid josey and presented quite a formi-
dable appearance.
147
William was one of the pioneers of Kast Tennessee, and an inti
mate friend of General Jackson. Samuel was a physician, and
occupied a chair in the University of Maryland. Robert was
a merchant, and for a long time cashier of the Custom House in
Baltimore. James was a lawyer, and Charles, Swan and Edward
lived at the old place. Charles, Robert and Swan were present
at the battle of North Point, Charles acting as aide to General
Smith.
Edward Lyon was a most loyal churchman and a faithful
vestryman of St. Thomas' for twenty years. He was treasurer
of the church for six years and delegate to the Diocesan Conven-
tions for about the same length of time. He died February
8, 1865.
-K. C.
Zbc IWortFMmitons.
The Worthingtons trace their descent in this country from
Capt. John Worthington, of Westminster Parish, Anne Arun-
del, who, in 1674, was one of the Justices of the Quorum, and
whose tomb, with its cross bones and skull, is opposite Annapo-
lis. He married Sarah Howard, daughter of Matthew Howard,
one of the "Men of Severn," and died April 6, 1701. His chil-
dren were: John, born January 13, 1689, who married Helen
Hammond, daughter of Gen. John Hammond, on January 8,
1713, and died in 1763; Thomas, born January 8, 1691, who
married Elizabeth Ridgely, and was for many years a member
of the assembly; William, born April 16, 1694, who married
Sarah Homewood; Sarah, born January 10, 1696, who married
Nicholas Ridgely; Charles, born October 20, 1701.
As shown by his will, Captain Worthington left his "home
plantation on the Severn" to John ; "Greenbury's Forest," to
Thomas ; and to William "Howard's Inheritance," a tract near
Beard's Mill and another at the Fresh Pond on the Bodkin
Creek of the Patapsco River.
John obtained a grant of 2,000 acres in Baltimore County
in 1740, which he gave to his sons, William and Samuel. Wil-
liam was married on June 30, 1734, to Mrs. Hannah Cromwell,
widow of Capt. John Cromwell, of Anne Arundel, and was the
148
first of his name in the parish, being a vestryman of St. Thomas'
for a short time before his death, in 1749, leaving two sons, John
and William.
John married Mary Todd, daughter of Thomas Todd (4th),
and Ellinor Dorsey ; his daughter Ann, at the age of sixteen,
became the wife of Dr. John Cradock. Her sister, Margaret,
married Colonel William Lamar, an officer of Revolutionary
fame, who met her while on a visit to "Bloomsbury."
Samuel was a younger son, born in 1733, and the pioneer
of Worthington Valley. He was also a vestryman of the church ,
and has been noticed elsewhere. His first wife was Mary Tol-
ley, daughter of Walter Tolley, of Joppa, and his second, Martha
Garrettson. He was blessed with twenty-four children. His
daughter, Ellen, Mrs. Elisha Johnson, a lady of fine presence and
great attraction, lived to the memory of the present generation.
The following inscriptions are copied from tombstones in
the churchyard of St- John's in the Valley:
To the Memory of
Mary Worthington,
WIFE OF
Samuel Worthington,
Who was Born the 21st Day of March, 1740,
and Departed this Life the 1st Day of Oct., 1777.
Aged 37 Vears and 6 Mos.
Leaving a Disconsolate Husband and Eleven Weeping
Children to Lament Their Irreparable Loss
This Amiable Woman Lived Beloved and Died
Lamented by Both Rich and Poor
and
Her Soul is gone to heaven at*
lying her dear Redeem* r'~ love,
While time shall roll and n
A blest eternity t
Here Lies the Body of
S A Mil-. I. \V< (RTHINGTON .
Who Departed This Life
on the 7th Day of April,
1S15.
Aged 81 Vears.
He is not dead, but sleeps in Christ.
149
Martha G.,
Skcond Wife of Samuel Worthington,
Born Aug. 13, 1753.
Died Dec. 31 , 1831.
The mother of eleven children,
Ten of whom have survived her.
The number of his children as given in these inscriptions
does not agree with Dr. Allen's record.
There is a story that "Old" Sam Worthington asked Mrs.
Cradock, the parson's wife, to pick him out a sweetheart. One-
day at church, as he assisted her to dismount, she gave him to
understand that she had selected the lady who was with her. It
was Miss Mary Tolley, her guest, from Joppa; and Mr. Worth-
ington afterwards married her.
John Tolley Worthington.
John Tolley Worthington, the eldest son of Samuel Worth-
ington and Mary Tolley, became a vestryman of St. Thomas' in
1788, and continued frequently to be elected until 1816, when
St. John's in the Valley was erected. He was a member of
the House of Delegates and in 1801 of the Senate of Maryland.
His residence, Montmorenci, stood at the head of the Western
Run Valley, and his estate was said to be worth half a million.
He married his cousin, Mary, daughter of Brice Thomas Beale
Worthington, of Annapolis, who survived him a few years. He
died September 8, 1834, leaving two daughters, Mary and Ann
Ridgely, (Nancy) married Richard Johns.
His daughter, Polly, was engaged to three men at the same
time ; George Howard being one and a Dr. Handy another.
George Howard wanted Dr. Walker to carry a challenge to Dr.
Handy. This he refused to do but consented to call and see
him. Dr. Handy showed him a letter he had received from the
lady telling him to be at church on a certain day and to sit on
the same side as her father who would invite him home to din-
ner. Dr. Handy complied with her request and was invited to
dinner by the Squire, but his daughter did not appear. It
seems she had written the same letter to each of the three and
they concluded they would not fight for her. She married her
150
cousin, J. T. Hood Worthington, and her son, John Tolley, in-
herited Montmorenci.
Charles Worthington.
Charles Worthington, the fourth son of Samuel Worthing-
ton and Mary Tolley, was a vestryman of St. Thomas' 1818-19-
32-34. He was born September 22, 1770; and in January. 1803,
married Susan Johns, daughter of Col. Richard Johns. He was a
man of influence in the county, standing in the highest esteem.
He inherited part of his father's landed estate, and died in July,
1847, in possession of much wealth, which he divided among
his four unmarried sons, Richard, Kensey, Benjamin J. and
Rdward— having provided for his two married daughters, Mary
Tolley Johns Semmes and Sarah Weems Love, during his life.
— K. C.
Gbe docket famtlp
William and Sarah Cockey settled near the Patapsco River
in 1679. William Cockey took up extensive tracts of land on
the Magothy River, and in Baltimore County, on the north side
of Jones' Falls.
John Cockey, son of William and Sarah Cockey, born 16S1 ;
married, January 17, 17 14 Elizabeth Slade. Their children were:
Susannah, born November 2, 1714, married Thomas Gist, July
2, 1735; Mary, born December 10, 17 16, married Joshua Owings,
March 9, 1735: William, born February 20, 1718, married Con-
stant Ashman, August 9, 1742: Sarah, born February 26, 1721,
married Robert Boon, December 16, 1740: Thomas, born Decem-
ber 13, 1724, married Prudence Gill, May 15, 1 753: Joshua, born
March 12. 1726, married Charcilla Dye, August 27, 1755: John,
born May 18, 1729, died 1746: Edward, born December 20, 1731,
married Eleanor Pindell, June 19, 1753; Peter, born Mar. 11, 1734
In the list of vestrymen of St. Thomas' Parish we find that
William Cockey was one of the first Vestry, 1745; Thomas
Cockey, vestryman 1751-53: Edward Cockey, warden 1755, ves-
tryman 17S2-84; John Cockey, warden 1767: John Cockey, ves-
tryman 1792-94; of a late generation Thomas B. Cockey was
registrar 1818, 1819, and Edward A. Cockey was vestryman
from 1S24 to 1S29; Charles T. Cockey, [885-1898.
151
Zhc "fount jfamilp.
Job Hunt, warden 1 77 1 ; Phineas Hunt, vestryman 1799-
1809; Samuel C. Hunt, warden 1802.
Job Hunt (1st) was among the English settlers of Calvert
County, and married Elizabeth Chew. In 1760 he moved from
Calvert County and settled in the east half of Green Spring Val-
ley, his estate comprising what is now known as Brooklandville
and extending to Ruxton. He had four sons, Henry, who never
left the old home in Calvert County; Job (2d), born 1747, mar-
ried Margaret Hopkins, daughter of Samuel Hopkins, of Balti-
more County; Phineas, born November 2, 1751, died February
6, 1837; Samuel Chew, date of birth not given. Job Hunt (2d)
owned the Brooklandville farm. He died February 13, 1809,
and his estate was sold to Richard Caton. Phineas Hunt owned
the Hunt meeting house farm, where the family graveyard is
located. Samuel C. Hunt owned what is now known as the
Mordecai and Rider farms. Phineas Hunt willed his farm to
Jesse Hunt, son of Job Hunt (2d). Jesse Hunt was born July
3, 1793. He was the first superintendent of St. Peter's Church
Sunday School. He was Mayor of Baltimore in 1832, and died
December 8, 1872.
— W. B. H.
3obn (Bill.
January 13, 1797, died Mr. John Gill aged eighty-seven
years. He was one of the Vestry when the church was organ
ized in 1745. He lived where his grandson, Mr. Joshua Gill,
recently died at an advanced age, some two miles and a half
north of the church. The records show that he had six sons
and five daughters. Of his sons, John lived on the Western Run,
where Mr. John T. Johns now lives; Stephen lived on a farm
now owned by Mr. John Johns; Edward lived nearby, where his
son, Dr. Edward Gill, now lives; Nicholas lived adjoining him,
where his grandson, George W. Gill, now lives. All but John
living north of Western Run, were in St. James' Parish. — From
Dr. Allen's notes, 1852.
152
H)r. iRanMe tmlse.
In the old Maryland Gazette we meet with the name of Dr.
Randle Hulse, "of St. Thomas' and Guy's Hospitals, London.
who resides at the Rev. Mr. Craddock's, Garrison Forest, and
practices every branch of surgery and physick."
Dr. Hulse was one of the most unique characters in the old
parish. He was a college companion of Rev. Mr. Cradock, and
becoming involved in pecuniary troubles in England, fled
to America to escape the debtor's prison, and sought refuge at
Trentham. His wife, one of the Lemmons of Cornwall, had
married him much against the wishes of her relations. Upon
the death of her daughter she wrote to them for assistance, and
they sent her a guinea, with directions never to let tbem hear
from her again. She followed her husband over, and a room
was built for them at the end of the house which was always
known as "Mrs. Hulse's room.''
Dr. Hulse was a man of fine education and an able ph\
cian. He engaged in practice, and in the course of time sent
over the money for the discharge of his debts. Drs. John and
Thomas Cradock first studied with him, and he was in partner-
ship with Dr. Thomas Cradock for some years Their practice
covered many miles, as far as Westminster and to Pipe's Creek,
and Dr. Hulse often had great difficulty in collecting the out-
standing debts. They were the bane of his life.
He would get out his day book, and in looking over it, be-
come so irritated that he would threw it behind the fire. Dr.
John Cradock would pull it out This went on until one day he
pitched it behind the fire, and Dr. Cradock made no effort to
rescue it. This rather dumbfounded the old doctor, and he
cried, "Johnny, Johnny, the day book is burning!'' "Damn
the day book, ' Dr. Cradock replied, "let it burn.'" Where-
upon he seized it himself, and never attempted the trick again.
He was an ardent Tory, and it is a matter of wonder that he
should have been tolerated during the Revolution in such a n<
of Whigs. But he was sturdy and independent, and fearlessly
proclaimed his views. When the news came of Cornwallis' sur-
render he sat with his hands on his knees, rocking himself and
patting the floor, "It's a lie, It's a lie, It's a lie."
153
About 1786 Dr. Hulse entered into a contract with a certain
Hammond to cure him of a cancer for ,£2,000, and wrote imme-
diately to Dr. Cradock, dissolving the partnership. This, of
course, produced a breach between them, and he and Mrs. Hulse
went to live at Colonel Carnau's.
Not long after Colonel Carnan had a card party, and there
was such a downpour the guests were compelled to remain over
night. The next morning it was still raining, and Dr. Hulse got
down his day book, commenting on the different accounts.
"This one so much," "That one so much," until he came to
Tom Gist's name. "Tom Gist — damn rascal — if he was in Eng-
land he would be hung," Gist's cousin, Jimmy Howard, looked
at him intently, but said nothing. Just then who should come
riding down the road but Tom Gist himself. Dr. Hulse met him
most cordially, and prescribed a toddy after his wet ride, which
he would mix for him. Tom Gist said, "Doctor, I heard you
had dissolved partnership with Dr. Cradock, and I want to pay
my bill. I would have come yesterday but the weather was
bad and I stopped for the night with Aunt Howard." Dr.
Hulse was delighted, and when Mr. Gist had taken his depart-
ure turned to "Jimmy'' Howard: ' Mr. Howard, how very
fortunate you are in your family ; they are such honest men,"
then adding, fiercely, "if you say another word I'll throw you
out of the window," he bolted upstairs and was not seen for
the rest of the day.
It is mentioned that in 1774 Drs. Hulse, Wiesenthall,
Cradock and Haslet attended the poor of the county, and the
Boston Evening Post and General Advertiser of 1782 announces
that "Dr. Hulse and Thomas Dove, of Baltimore County, em-
ployed the trepan with relief to a child who had been injured by
violence."
Some of the older members of Dr. Hulse's family dying in
England he laid claim to the estate, which the other heirs
agreed to let him have during his lifetime to avoid a law suit.
Mrs. Hulse refused to go back, as she "had seen enough trouble
there." He accordingly left her an annuity, and she remained
at Colonel Carnan's until her death in 1804, universally esteemed
and respected.
Among the old books at Trentham is "Observations Upon
154
Authors, Ancient and Modern,'' with the following inscription
on the fly leaf: "Dr. Ran. Hulse, Jan. 7, 1767 Ar: Caractaco
dedit." He wrote several poems on the death of Arthur Cra-
dock, and an epitaph, among them the following tribute:
"Chaste as the spotless lamb, exempt from Pride.
He lived the X'tian. like a Saint he dy'd.
Caressed in I.ife, lamented in his End.
The Parent's pride, the Muses' warmest Friend."'
H>r. XTbomas Crafrocfe.
Dr. Thomas Cradock was the third son of the Rev. Thomas
Cradock, and was born at Trentham on May 30, 1752. His
father took especial interest in his education and he early be-
came proficient in classical literature, having Homer at his
fingers' ends at the age of ten. He was dedicated to the minis-
try but chose the profession of medicine and, after studying
with Dr. Hulse, attended lectures in Philadelphia, where he
boarded in the house with John and Sam'l Adams.
He was most active in the Revolutionary cause and when
only twenty-three was made a member of the county Committee
of Observation. On Easter-Monday, 1776, he was elected a
member of St. Thomas' Vestry and was qualified on the
eleventh of June according to the resolves of the Provincial
Convention of Maryland, twenty three days before the Declara-
tion of Independence.
At the beginning of the struggle he joined Captain Plunk-
ett's Company, and he, Major Lyon, two of the Howards from
Elkridge, and John Philpot, occupied the front rank as gentle-
men volunteers. While in Pennsylvania General Washington
personally requested him to leave the ranks and attend to the
wounded. On his way home he was pointed out by a woman in
Philadelphia as a spy, arrested, and carried before Washington,
who laughed very heartily at the mistake.
During the Revolution there was a ball given in Baltimore
in honor of General Washington. He led the minuet with
Nellie Gittings, a noted belle of the day, and Dr. Cradock
walked next with Betsey Moale, afterwards Mrs. Cur/on Nellie
Gittings married James Croxall and lived at the old Croxall
place, now owned by Mr. Charles T. Cockey.
WILLIAMINA SMITH. (MRS. CHARLES GOLDSBOROUGH.)
From a miniature in a ring, said to have been painted bj Major Andre.
155
Alter Col. John Eager Howard was wounded at the battle
of Rutaw his brother, James Howard, brought him home and
he was "conSned to his room and bed for nearly a year at the
residence of his friend, Dr. Thomas Cradock, who declined any
compensation for medical attendance and living, both from per-
sonal friendship and motives of patriotism." Colonel Howard
was at this time in correspondence with Peggy Chew, whom he
afterwards married, and Dr. Cradock was the confidant and con-
ducted the correspondence during his illness.
Dr. Cradock did not aspire to political honors, but he used
his pen vigorously during the campaigns, and was a clever
writer. He was prominent in the reorganization of the
Church in America, and was a delegate to the fiist general
Convention of the Church in the United States. He was one of
a committee of six, three clergy and three laity, appointed to
"confer with any committees that may be appointed in other
States to make such alteration in the liturgy of the Church as
may be necessary under the American Revolution for uniformity
of worship and Church government."
The clerical delegates were familiar names : Dr. Smith, Dr.
West and "Parson" Andrews.
Dr. Smith was the first president of Washington College
and the first provost of the College of Philadelphia. He is
spoken of in his Life as "an orator, a scholar, a college pro-
fessor, a military critic and a statesman." He was most prom-
inent in the Church and, it is said, had more to do with Ameri-
canizing the English Prayer-book than any man in the country,
though at one time he was accused of a leaning toward
toryism.
"Williamina, Dr. Smith's oldest daughter, was sixteen
years old at the time of the occupation of Philadelphia by the
British, and remained with her aunt, Mrs. Phineas Bond. Being
a beautiful and sprightly girl she soon attracted the notice of
the young British officers and especially of the accomplished
Andre, who induced Mrs. Bond to let her become one of the
ladies of the Mischianza. The matter produced an unpleasant
feeling between Dr. Smith and Mrs. Bond. But young girls in
such circumstances — who can control them." (Life of Dr. Smith.)
Dr. Cradock became engaged to Miss Smith, but upon
156
refusing t© favor the election of her father to the Ep;sco-
pate r of Maryland Dr. Smith withdrew his consent to the mar-
riage. They determined to run away. Colonel Howard
met them with his phaeton and she had her foot on the step get-
ting in, when she hesitated, and turning to Dr. Cradock, said.
"If I go, I have my father's curse." "It is not too late," he
replied. Her misgivings overcame her and she wTent back.
She afterwards sent him a ring, with her miniature, which he
retained to the day of his death. He never married, but she
proved less faithful and became the wife of Hon. Charles Golds-
borough, of Horn's Point. There is a tradition that the minia-
ture was painted by the ill-fated Major Andre, and it is still
in the possession of a Thomas Cradock.
Dr. Cradock was a great beau in his youth and was grooms-
man innumerable times. There was a pink coat, especially
remembered, which was called the groomsman's coat, because it
had figured at so many weddings. He was groomsman twice
for Mr. Charles Carnan, and went with him to York for his sec-
ond wife, a daughter of Samuel Johnston. He went to Phila-
delphia with George Lux at his marriage to Miss Biddle.
George Lux, with his usual impracticability, came to Trentham
to start on the journey with no money in his pocket and. Dr.
Cradock had to lend him the sum to defray his expenses.
George Lux was an erratic genius, and always doing queer
things. When Washington lay with his army before Boston he
rode all the way there on horseback to see him. He was highly
educated and a prominent figure in Baltimore Town, as was
his father. William Lux.
Dr. Cradock was a great whist player. He "could glance
at his cards and laugh and talk with the girls and yet know
every card which had been played and who played it." Old
"Aunt Milly" remembers his coming down to see Mr. Robert
Moale one night when he was taken ill with gout. He walked
with a cane and wore red top boots. "All the gentlemen wore
red top boots." lie owned a large tract of land between Trent-
ham and Pikesville which Mrs Cur/.on named Pill Box, because,
she said, it "was bought with pill money."
The correspondence of I)t-
of l>r. Smith will be found in the appendix.
157
lie was one of the organizers of the Maryland Society
for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge, September, 1800,
and one of the incorporators of the Medical and Chirnrgical
Faculty of Maryland, 1799. He was an able and distinguished
physician and engaged in active practice for forty-five years.
He gave to the Church his earnest support, and was for
forty years a vestryman of St. Thomas' and frequently a dele-
gate to the Diocesan Conventions. He was a member of a
standing committee of the Diocese appointed in 1788, and a del-
egate to the General Convention several times.
He died at Trentham, which he inherited by his father's
will, on the nineteenth of October, 1821, and lies buried, by
request, in the same tomb with his brother, Arthur Cradock,
in the shadow of the church walls.
Major Sobn (IraooclL
Major John Cradock, better known as Dr. John Cradock,
was the second son of the first Rector, and resided at "Blooms-
bury," in Worthington Valley, the estate given him by his
father. Like his brothers, he was highly educated, and prob-
ably through the influence of Dr. Hulse, embraced the profes-
sion of medicine.
He took a leading part in the Revolution, and was a mem-
ber of the Committee of Observation in 1774-75. He was elected
a delegate from Baltimore County to the convention which met
at Annapolis on the twenty -sixth of July, 1775, and was one of
the signers of the Association of Freeman of Maryland. The
committee which met on the twenty-second of April, 1776, with
William Lux, chairman, included John Moale, Darby Lux, John
Fager Howard, John Cradock, George Risteau and others.
Dr. Cradock was appointed by the Council First Major of
Soldiers' Delight Battalion, and his commission was issued on
Saturday, May 25, 1776. He served one year in Washington's
Flying Camp, and was present at the battle of White Plains.
His servant and baggage were taken at Fort Washington by the
British. Jimmy Howard said the last he saw of the servant he
was sitting over a barrel of rum.
On March 12, 1776, Dr. Cradock, with Drs. Wiesenthall
158
and Boyd, issued a call on the ladies of Baltimore for lint
and linen for bandages. In 1777 we find his name among the
justices who formed the County Court.
In 1782 he was elected a member of the General Assembly.
He was induced to run through the solicitations of his friends,
especially George Lux, who had a plan for establishing the
National Capital at Annapolis, and making it, as he expressed
it, the "Hague of America.'' This was the same George Lux
who married Miss Biddle, and who rode on horseback to Boston.
He was theson of Agnes Walker, ' who married William Lux,
of Baltimore Town, and there is a cap worked by her with the
Lux coat-of-arms, which she presented to Mrs. Charles Walker.
George Lux writes to Captain Ridgely: 'I am glad to
have got a speaker in our interest, and Deye's long acquaint-
ance in the House will enable him to do much; for the same
reason I wish you to go. Blackhead Charles Ridgely is clever
and respected at Annapolis, and must not at any rate be per-
mitted to decline, as it is said he talks of doing. Sam Worth-
ington says he will decline if John Cradock will serve, and I
shall make a point of gaining John's assent, and doubt it not
at this particular time, although there is no man in the county
who it suits so ill to leave home. He is the best speaker in pub-
lic of any man I know who had not been educated as a lawyer,
and of a sound judgment — as a speaker we must have him."
"If you do agree, I pledge myself to vote for you, Deye, C.
Ridgely of Win., and J. Cradock, and to get Cradock to do the
same. Nay, I will make a point of opening the poll as a voter.
If you can't, from business or want of sufficient health, agree to
serve, why, I shall expect you to make a point of coming down
early to the election and voting for me in order to convince the
people at large that old family animosities are at an end, and that
we draw together in the present instance."
Cradock was talented and popular, and would have been a
strong candidate for political honors had he chosen to continue
in public life. He was a fine speaker, and took an active part
in the campaigns — sometimes running to split his district in
order to help Deye against Ridgely. He was elected a member
of the Vestry in 1773, and annually afterwards for fifteen years
She n as the only child of i>r G< orgi Walker.
150
He was a delegate to the First General Convention of the Church
in Maryland and frequently afterwards to the Diocesan Con-
ventions. Dr. Cradock was a very handsome man, six feet tall,
with dark hair and eyes, unusually attractive and a brilliant con-
versationalist. At the beginning of the Revolution, Dr. Steven-
son, of Baltimore Town, whose Tory sentiments were well known,
was sending some things up the country for safety, when they were
seized by the young men and burned. Dr. Stevenson, who had
come round another way, stopped at Trentham to dine. "Oh,
Johnny," he said, "if I had been there how I would have made
you run." "No, doctor," Dr. Cradock laughingly replied, "if
you had been there we would have put you on top."
Dr. Cradock married (1776) Ann, daughter of John Worth -
ington, and Mary Todd, who was born as her sampler shows,
on the thirty -first of March, 1760.
He died in the prime of life on the fourth of October, 1794,
aged only forty-five years, and lies interred in the churchyard
near the tomb of his father.
He left four daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, Katherine and
Ann, and one son, Dr. Arthur Cradock, who removed to Ken-
tucky for a time and died unmarried. He was appointed sur-
geon in 1812, but could not serve because of ill health. Mary
married Stephen Cromwell. Her son, Dr. John Cromwell, was
very talented, but died young. Her daughter, Elizabeth,
married Dr. Adair, the son of Governor and United States
Senator Adair, of Kentucky. Katherine married her cousin,
Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker. Ann married a Mr. Bosley, in
Kentucky.
Hbel JBrown.
Abel Brown came from Dumfries, Scotland, in the early
part of the Eighteenth Century. He was warden of St.
Thomas' Parish 1754, vestryman 1758-60. He was twice mar-
ried. The name of his first wife is unknown. His second wife
was Susannah, daughter of Adam Shipley. One son, Samuel,
was killed at the Battle of Brandywine. Elias married Ann
Cockey ; Moses married Polly Snowden ; Ruth married Thomas
Cockey ; Rebecca married George Frazier Warfield.
160
Abel Brown was one of the founders of Holy Trinity
Parish. He left two legacies of thirty pounds each to St.
Thomas' Parish, one for use in providing wine for the Holy
Communion, the other for distribution among the poor.
Cbarles Malfeer.
Charles Walker, born November 9, 1744, was the son of
Dr. James Walker, who with his brother, Dr. George Walker,
left Scotland in 1715 because of the part they had taken in the
insurrection of the Earl of Mar. They were the sons of James
Walker and Mary Thorn, of Peterhead, and "were both men of
learning. They first settled in Anne Arundel but Dr.
George Walker soon came to Baltimore County, and was one of
the commissioners who laid off" the town. He resided at
"Chatsworth," on the west side, and his name is conspicuous in
the early annals of Baltimore. Dr. James Walker gave up the
practice of medicine and erected iron works below Elkridge
Landing, engaging extensively in that business. He married
in 1 73 1, Susannah, daughter of John Gardner, and had ten
children. John and George were sent to Scotland to be edu-
cated. George died there and John ran away and bound him-
self to the King's shipyards. He returned to America and
married a very rich woman, but they died without heirs.
Susannah married Rev. Wm. West, afterwards Rector of
St. Paul's.
Charles came to Baltimore County and lived first at "Har
rison's Meadows." above Owings' Mills, part of which is now
owned by Mr. Disney. He was married to Ann, only daughter of
the Rev. Thomas Cradock, in September, 1772, by Rev. Mr.
Bdmiston, and removed to " Woodbourne, " in Worthington
Valley. Ann Cradock'^ wedding dress was of stiff white satin
and was preserved until about forty years ago.
Charles Walker was active in the Revolutionary cause and
a member of the Committee of Observation. He was elected a
vestryman of St. Thomas' in 1772 and, with a few years1
Dr. Allen says, "Thecatali Dr. James' libi • his death comprehends
works in Greek, I.ati-n. medicine and 1' which very few physicians of the p
■ mi day can show in thi
161
intermission during the troubles with Mr. Edmiston, continued to
serve until the erection of St. John's in the Valley (1818), the
site of which was donated by him.
Charles and Ann Walker had thirteen children, all of
whom died early in life except Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker,
and Frances, born March 22, 1792, who married George William
Johnson.
Charles Walker "departed this transitory life November
15, 1825," and was interred in the same grave with his wife,
their tomb in the churchyard bearing the simple inscription :
"Charles Walker and Ann, his wife, daughter of the Rev.
Thomas Cradock."
— Js.. v^.
Dr. XTbomas (Irafcocfe Malfeer.
Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker, the oldest son of Charles
Walker and Ann Cradock, was born at Trentham on the six-
teenth of June, 1773, and lived with his uncle, Dr. Cradock,
who virtually adopted him and made him his heir. He received
a classical education, and was a man of strong individuality and
scholarly attainments.
Following what seems to have been the bent of the family,
he chose the profession of medicine, and attended lectures at the
University of Pennsylvania. He served with distinction as
surgeon in the war of 181 2- 14, and had charge of hospitals at
Burlington and Plattsburgh which he conducted with such un-
exampled success as to win the flattering encomiums of both
medical and military men. In a letter to his uncle from Bur-
lington in February, 1814, he mentions the honor of an official
visit from General Wilkinson, and adds, "I should be vain of
his approbation had T not done my best. He takes every op-
portunity of expressing his delight by saying he never saw a
hospital (twenty large rooms) in such a situation, and assured
me publickly that he would mention my services." " 'Tis a
laborious task, but I trust I shall continue to discharge it with
honor to myself and satisfaction to my country."
Dr. Walker was an ardent admirer of Masonry and of the
high standards advocated by the order, and received the degree
of Royal Arch Mason while in Vermont in 1815.
162
He took an active interest in the Church, and in all that
pertained to its welfare. It was by his efforts that the wall was
built around the churchyard, and the subscriptions and expen-
ditures can be seen in his private ledger. Most of the traditions
of the parish have come to us through him. He was born only
three years after the death of the first Rector, and could remem-
ber distinctly from the Revolution. The incidents of its earlier
history he heard from the lips of Dr. Cradock himself, and any
statement he had made could scarcely be disputed. He was
exact in the smallest detail, and never said what he did not
know to be absolutely true.
Dr. Walker was married February 15, 181 8, by Rev. Mr.
Armstrong, to his cousin, Katherine, daughter of Dr. John
Cradock, a woman of rare character whose virtues are still re-
membered. They were born in the same room, married in the
same house, and died in the room in which they were born. By
an Act of the Legislature he had the Walker dropped from the
names of his two sons, Thomas Cradock and John Cradock, as a
token of gratitude to his uncle. Thomas Cradock was born May
16, 1819, and John, who died when only twenty-seven, on Sep-
tember 2, 1821. His father had intended that he live at Pill
Box, which then comprised a large number of acres, and was
adding improvements at the time of his death.
Dr. Walker did not engage in practice in the recollection
of his children, except as a favor and gratuitously. He was a
strong advocate for out-of-door exercise, deeming it the chief
means of prolonging life, and within a few years of his death
walked to Baltimore leading his horse. He clung to the fashion
of his younger days, and always wore blue clothes with plain
brass buttons.
He died on the thirty-first of May, i860, retaining his fac-
ulties unimpaired, at the advanced age of eighty-seven.
There is a portrait of him when a boy of eleven, painted by
his cousin, Billy West, son of Rev. William West, of St. Paul's.
The following account is taken from Dr. Allen's Mss. History
of St. Paul's Parish:
"George William (West) was an artist of much promise.
He studied under the celebrated Benjamin West, of London,
with whom Mr. Trumbull then was. Among the letters of
168
introduction, which he carried with him to London, was one from
his father's friend, General Washington. Young West, with-
out any instruction, had attained to much celebrity at home
before he went to London. Likenesses painted by him are still
shown as West's painting. He was very gratifyingly received
by Mr. West, and by his favor, admitted into the Academy of
Fine Arts, in the most complimentary manner. He had in-
tended to have staid there three years, and then to have gone
to Italy. With this view Archbishop Carroll sent him a very
flattering letter to his friend there. But before the end of
eighteen months in London he took the measles, his lungs be-
came seriously affected, and he was compelled to return home
early in 1790, unable to pursue his favorite employment. He
lingered along, however, till 1795, in which year he died —
single."
Sosepb Timest.
Registrar 1805-1813.
Joseph West was another most efficient vestryman of the
church and registrar for a number of years. He belonged to
the Massachusetts family of that name and was captain in the
Massachusetts Line, but being a good clerk was deputed for
work of that sort. He came to Maryland after the close of the
Revolution and married Violetta Howard.
He was a very cultivated, intellectual man, quite short in
stature, and always walking with a very tall cane. For years
he was a familiar figure in the parish.
Mr. and Mrs. West lived at first beyond her brother
Cornelius, but they afterwards removed to the old place, where
they died. Though lame from a fall from her horse, Mrs.
West was always a regular attendant at the church, and the
recollections of her are most kindly and affectionate.
1Rev>. (Beorae IRalpb.
In 1809 Rev. George Ralph, known as "Parson Ralph,"
came to St. Thomas' Parish from Charlotte Hall and opened a
school at "Pomona," just northwest of Pikesville. He was
164
well known in his day and was associated in various ways with
many of the most prominent men in the State. He ranked high
as an educator : and was an accomplished scholar and an elo-
quent preacher.
He was of Irish descent, though born in England, and after
his education was finished devoted his life to teaching. He
possessed unusual personality and was a most original character.
At one time he had a school in Ireland for young men.
The races were to be held nearby and he forbade his pupils to
attend. They rebelled against the decree and locked him out.
He first politely requested them, "Young gentlemen, open the
door," but no response was vouchsafed. "Young gentlemen, I
entreat you to open the door," again no answer. "Young gen-
tlemen, I command you to open the door," and as they still de-
fied him, he sent for the officers and had them all arrested and
kept in jail until the races were over.
When he was about to be married he had only two days to
reach the home of his bride. The first day there was such a
drenching rain that he determined to wait over at the inn for
the morrow. In the morning there was the same steady down-
pour, but he was obliged to pursue on his journey or not be
present at the wedding. He reached there just in time, but his
leather breeches were soaking wet and he could not get them
off. Nothing daunted, however, he stood up and was married
in his wet breeches. His wife was a Miss DeButts, who came to
America with him.
The first we hear of him is in Baltimore Town where he
opened a school in 1790. The next year he was ordained by
Bishop White, and tried to induce St. Paul's Vestry to appoint
him "to get up a church at Fells' Point," but, though he
pressed the matter very strongly, his efforts were not successful-
In the report of the convention of 1792 he is mentioned as Rec-
tor of Shrewsbury Parish, Kent. He then applied for the
rectorship of St. Thomas', and the following letter was laid
before the Vestry :
Baltimore, March 13, 1793.
Sir : — Observing that the Parish of St. Thomas' is still
vacant ; permit me to acquaint the Vestry and parishioners that
I will attend the church upon any day appointed by them. A
165
mutual opportunity will thus be offered ; to them, of approving or
rejecting me, and to me of respectfully hearing their proposals.
I have the honor to be, sir, your most humble servant,
George Ralph.
Dr. Thomas Cradock, Garrettson Forest.
Favored by Mr. Philbin.
A draft of the answer is on the back.
Rev. Sir : — Your application was laid before the Vestry of
St. Thomas' on Easter-Monday last. Confident that you would
not answer as a clergyman for that parish, they wish not to give
you the trouble of riding up. We wish you all happiness and
success. By order of the Vestry.
His application being thus summarily dismissed, he went
to South Sassafras, Kent County, and in 1795 was called to be
first Rector of the newly-formed Washington Parish, D. C. As
was usual with him he established a school, and entered with
interest upon his Church work. He sent out circulars through-
cut the country urging subscriptions for the erection of a suita-
ble church edifice in what "was to be the Metropolis of Confed-
erated America." He tells Bishop Claggett, "It seems diffi-
cult, I admit, to move me, but when set agoing I gain force by
my own velocity.""
In 1800 he was elected principal of Charlotte Hall School,
one of the oldest seats of learning in the State, and in connec-
tion with this was Rector of Trinity Parish, Charles, and then
of All Faith's, St. Mary's. In writing to Bishop Claggett he
says that he "adverts to his work to prevent a supposition that
other charges have risen superior to his clerical duty." He
presents to the Bishop's notice the irregularities practised at
Pickawaxen, where the "Vestry keeps the parish vacant, rent
the house and glebe, and themselves read prayers and preach,
with two exceptions, in rotation."
Parson Ralph was a strict disciplinarian and the boys were
greatly in awe of him. He was gruff in manner but he wrote
of them as his "large family," and his sternness was tempered
by kindness.
Some one told him one day that the boys were robbing his
orchard. He walked out and, turning his back, began to pro-
test most vociferously, "Who dares say my boys steal apples.
166
They are gentlemen's sons. Who dares say they steal." The
boys sneaked away and Parson Ralph's apples were never again
disturbed.
At another time he got into some difficulty with a man who
intimated that "only his cloth protected him." This was more
than his Irish spirit could stand. "Sir," he would say, when
relating the story, "I took off my coat and laying it down, said,
"Lie there, Divinity, while I chastise Rascality." And he
gave the man a "confounded drubbing."
The charges made against Parson Ralph while in St. Mary's
seem to have been disproven and were evidently the outcome of
personal dislike or envy.
After remaining at Charlotte Hall for nine years he came
again to Baltimore in 1809 an(^ opened the Academy near Pikes-
ville. He served for two years, from 18 10, as Rector of Trinity
Church, Baltimore, and was invited to officiate at St. Thomas'
whenever he could make it convenient. He seems to have
borne the Vestry no ill will for their refusal to accept him as
Rector and they met in most friendly intercourse.
Parson Ralph was four times a member of the standing
committee, and a few weeks before his death was appointed to
the chair of Rhetoric in the University of Maryland.
He died at Pomona in May, 1815. and was buried in a
group of cedars on the hillside, the spot where he desired to be
laid. The hand of time has obliterated all trace of the lonely
grave and there is now not even a common stone to mark his
last resting place. Parson Ralph left a son and daughter, John
and Elizabeth, who were living in Baltimore in 1826, and died
unmarried. They called Dr. and Mrs. DeButts, of Mt. Welby,
Prince George's County, uncle and aunt.
iRcw ?acob 36. /iDerss.
Rev. Jacob B. Morss, twelfth Rector of St. Thomas' Parish,
was born March 6, 1809, at Newport, Mass. His ancestor, one
of the original grantees of the Crown, came to this country from
Wiltshire, England, in 1635, and settled near the above place.
The Rev. Mr. Morss' father was the Rev. James Morss, D. D.,
editor and founder of the "Church Repository," the first Church
167
paper in what was then the Eastern Diocese. He succeeded
Bishop Bass as Rector of St. Paul's Church in his native town —
their combined rectorship covering a period of ninety years. He
was educated in public schools, and afterward was a student at
the General Theological Seminary, New York. Subsequently
he studied under the direction of Bishop Ives in North Carolina.
He was ordered Deacon in the Monumental Church, Richmond,
Va., November 26, 1840, by Richaid Channing Moore, Bishop
of Virginia, acting by request of Bishop Ives. His first charge
was Christ Church, Elizabeth City, N. C, 1840-42 Afterwards,
Trinity Church, Pottsville, Pa., 1842-45, where he was advanced
to the priesthood on the twenty-third of November, 1842, by
Henry U. Onderdonk, Bishop of Pennsylvania; Grace Church,
Waterford, N. Y., 1846-47; St. Thomas', Baltimore County,
1849-50; St. John's, Carlisle, Pa., 1851-61.
At various times during the latter part of his life he tem-
porarily filled vacancies in Baltimore at Grace and Emmanuel
Churches, and finally was elected on the staff of clergy at Mt.
Calvary. He died in Baltimore, October 24, 1874.
Mr. Morss married, in 1842, Mary Ann Southgate, daughter
of John Southgate, Esq., of Norfolk, Va.
In his diary I find: "Ascension, May 17, 1849. Mr. R. H.
Owen called on me this morning with an invitation from the
Wardens and Vestry, of St. Thomas' Parish, to take the rector-
ship of that church."
"May 18th. Rev. J. C. Tracy made me a visit this morn-
ing respecting my invitation to St. Thomas' and the church at
Rockville. Made up my mind to accept the invitation to St.
Thomas'."
"May 22d. Wrote my answer of acceptance of the rector-
ship of St. Thomas'."
"Whit Sunday, May 27, 1849. Preached my first sermon
at St. Thomas' today."
"First Sunday after Trinity. Wore a surplice for the first
time."
Before that time for many years the surplice had been in
disuse and the black silk gown used. He also notes his usual
custom of conducting divine service with sermon at 4 P.M. at
Hannah More Academy.
168
During Mr. Morss' rectorship there still lingered in his
congregation a few sons and daughters of our colonial ances-
tors— remote from our present life in their ideals and in their con-
servatism. Their Sundays were puritanical in strictness. In
form their religion was simplicity to bareness, but some week
day amenities were very dear to their hearts, which, to our
more modern way of viewing things, savor of the inconsistent.
Quite public and very much to the point, must have been the
reproof as related by a very old lady (Mrs. Frazer), whose father
(Mr. Brian Philpot) was a prominent member and vestryman of
the parish. With unction she would say he could not stand it,
and would step out of his pew upon the brick pavement after the
service, shake his cane at one here and one there, and roundly
reprove them for some shortcomings.
On another occasion, she said, violent opposition met the
introduction of the organ. Accustomed as they had been to
congregational singing such an innovation appeared rank heresy.
One old woman, whose opposition had been most bitter, testified
outwardly to her pent up feelings by the most despairing groans.
Yet there was a frankness in life and an earnestness of pur-
pose which should give us pain and make us ask, If all has been
gain which we call progress ?
J. M S. Morss.
Noti The sketches of the Gists, the Howards, the Carnans, Capt. John Risteau, the
I , \ < > r i family, the Worthingtons, Dr. Handle Hulse, Dr. Thomas Cradock, Major John
Cradock, Charles Walker, Dr Thomas Cradock Walkei Joseph West and Kiv George
Ralph were written by Miss (Catherine Cradock. of Trentham
HppcnMi
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171
HppenMi "H."
The Colonial Fort.
The Rev. George A. Leakin, D. D.( in 1893, delivered an
address before the McDonogh School, which was afterward
printed at the school, in which he produced considerable
evidence that an old stone building, still in existence on what
was Captain Risteau's plantation, now owned by Mr. Charles
Moore, is the original fort built in 1693. It is of stone, twenty
feet by fifty feet, with small openings which look like embrasures
for musketry. The interior contains a fire-place, which is evidence
that it was not built for a barn, and accords with the order of the
Council of Maryland, in 1692, that three forts should be built,
in which should be a dwelling sufficient to accommodate a captain
and nine soldiers. The proof which Dr. Leakin brings forward
is as follows:
In August, 1696, Governor Nicholson called on Capt. John
Oldham, then commanding the Garrison, for a report of its
location, who thus replied: "An account of the roads made
back of the Inhabitants by the Rangers of Baltimore County '
[the present Baltimore Town not then existing] " northeast from
the Garrison to the first cabin, fifteen miles. Northeast to the
second cabin, fifteen miles or thereabouts, then ten miles further
on the same course to another cabin on the north side of Deer
Creek. Likewise from the Garrison to a cabin between Gwynn's
Falls and the main falls of Patapsco a west course, ten miles:
then with a west course to the main falls of Patapsco, ten miles,
which said road being marked and duly and weekly ranged by
me and my lieutenant according to order of Council.'' A meas-
urement on the map corroborates the above distances.
In 1697 Capt. John Oldham and Capt. Richard Brightwell
reported to the Governor the same measurements with some
important detail, viz : that the nearest inhabitants were sixteen
miles beyond Deer Creek on the east, and on the west the
nearest inhabitants were fourteen miles beyond the north branch
172
of the Patapsco, making a distance of eighty miles between
inhabitants. The other important fact was that this fort was
four miles east of Gwynn's Falls and twelve miles west of the
Great Gunpowder.
The reported distances are thus proved: — two miles from
the fort to Pikesville, and two miles thence to Gwynn's Falls by
the map, and also twelve miles to the Gunpowder, allowing for
turns in the pioneer road.
Capt. John Oldham, appointed Commander in 1696, was
from that part of Baltimore Count}- (now Cecil) where his
ancestors resided. His name is variously spelled Oulson, Olton,
Oldham. While captain he obtained a patent for all the
surrounding property, including the fort known as " Oul ton's
Garrison" (probably a stockade in 1680). Here he built a
house, or part of the present house, and in 1699 conveyed his
property to Thomas Cromwell and James Murray. In 1700
Murray became sole possessor, and in 1701 sold the place to
William Talbot, whose widow married John Risteau, high-
sheriff of Baltimore County, who in 1742 commanded the
garrison.
James Murray had surveyed "Counterscarp," which with
Oulton's Garrison descended to Josephus Murray, his eldest
son. " Counterscarp was surveyed " by Josephus and a second
time patented to him. He then conveyed " Oulton's Garrison "
and "Counterscarp" (except such parts as had been before
sold) to Richard Croxhall, about 1747, who resurveyed both
properties and took patent by the name of " Garrison."
What does this word "Counterscarp " suggest ?
The only suggestion is a fort with its counterscarp, long
since obliterated but once existing here.
Let us briefly glance at what might be called the internal
evidence, or proof, from the peculiarities noticeable in the
structure of this building.
It being acknowledged that there is no history or even
tradition of its having been built for any other purpose, it is
fair to infer for it a great age.
On any other theory than that it was built for a fort certain
important questions cannot be answered; for example — Why
was it built, contrary to custom in such an early day, at great
173
trouble and expense, of stone, with walls of unusual thickness ?
Why were the windows made so small (too small to admit the
body of a man) if intended simply for light and ventilation ?
Why do they broaden sharply inward, forming an embrasure,
except for use of firearms ? Let it be remembered that in the
fort, before the new roof was put on, there were no windows, below
the line of the eaves, larger than a foot square. The idea that
it was built for a barn is disproved by the fact that it con-
tains a large fireplace, and what is most significant the
chimney is inside the building rather than on the outside,
which was the custom in early times ; but the inside method was
much better for defence. Why was the roof so extraordinarily
steep, except that thus it could be built of stone and consequently
be secure against fire, the most dreaded weapon of the savages ?
Why was the door sill placed three feet from the ground if the
building was intended for either barn or house ? Such a door
would be better for defence but most inconvenient for a dwell-
ing.
The question naturally rises, " Why was so little known of the
Garrison fort, so near and so easy of access ? ' This question is
not hard to answer by any student of Maryland history. Two
hundred and sixty years have passed since the Colonists came to
St. Mary's, and for two hundred and ten years, until the forma-
tion of the Maryland Historical Society, no organized effort was
made to preserve the records of the past, except legislative and
ecclesiastical proceedings.
This Garrison fort has a peculiar value, in that it is the oldest
permanent fort in Maryland. Fort Cumberland's site is occupied
by a church. Fort Frederick, built in 1760, still partially exists.
No trace of the forts in St Mary's City or Mattapony, Piscata-
way or the Indian fort on Spesutiae Island exists. There is one
near Annapolis, named originally Fort Beeman and now Fort
Madison, the date of its origin uncertain. Now, as Revolution-
ary relics, a sword or a chair, are held in high esteem, how much
more should we preserve a fcrt built to defend our frontier in
1693, and again used for the same defence against the French and
Indians in 1755 by Captain John Risteau, sheriff of Baltimore
County.
174
BppenDti "J8."
List of contributors toward building the church, 1743:
TOBACCO. CURRENCY
LBS. £ S. D.
Benedict Bourdillon 2,000
Joseph Cromwell 400
Edward Fotterall 300
Christopher Randall 300
Charles Ridgely 3 10 o
Thomas Harrison 300
John Hamilton 300
Francis Dorsey 100
John Bailey ........ 200
Stephen Wilkinson 150
William Murphy 100
Dorsey Peddicoart 150
William Petticoart 1 10 o
William Hammond 500
Peter Gosnell 10 o
Thomas Gist 10 o
Samuel Owings 100
Nathaniel Gist 100
Mayberry Helm 100
Thomas Wells 10 o
George Ashman 300
Darby Lux 300
John Baker . 10 o
John Risteau 500
George Ogg 500
Joshua Sewall 10 o
Richard Treadway 10 o
Richard Bond 10 o
Edward Choate ....... 10 o
John Thomas 10 o
Anthony Bray ford 10 o
John Simkins 10 o
Henny Seabor 10 o
Peter Maigers 10 o
175
TOBACCO.
LBS.
Hector Truley ... ...
John Stinchcomb
William Lewis
Peter Bond
John Shippard
Stephen Hunt Owings ....
William Brown
John Derample
Nathaniel Stinchcomb ....
Benjamin. Bond
Joseph Murray, Jr
John Hawkins
Joshua Owings
John Bowen ioo
Christopher Sewall
Thomas Bond
Joseph Cornelius
Edmund Howard
Jona. Tipton
William Newell
George Bailey Gar
Stephen Gill
William Tipton
John Bell
John Thrasher
Robert Chapman, Sr
Nicholas Haile
Penelope Deye
Neale Haile
Thomas Coale, Jr
John Wood ioo
Jona. Plowman
William Cockey
Richard Wilmott
Capt. Samuel Gray
Total 4,400
cu
RRE
NCY
£.
S.
D.
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1
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IO
O
IO
O
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10
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10
O
IO
0
1
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IO
0
2
10
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
IO
0
10
0
10
0
IO
0
10
0
1
0
0
IO
0
IO
0
IO
0
IO
0
1
0
0
5
0
4
0
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5
0
5
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5
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5
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64
10
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L76
Hppetioti "G,"
Journal of the Secretary of the Commission to Treat
with the Indians.
The journal of the Secretary of the Commission to the Six
Nations, William Marshe, is still preserved and has been edited
by Dr. Wm. H. Egle, Harrisburg, Pa. The following extracts
are given as of interest in this connection:
Saturday, June 16, 1744. This day the Hon. Edmund Jen-
nings and the Hon. Philip Thomas, Esqs., of the Council of
State in Maryland, having heretofore been appointed (by a special
power from his Excellency, Thomas Bladen, Esq., Governor,
under his hand and by seal of that Province) Commissioners for
treating with the Six Nations on behalf of the Province, concern-
ing some lands claimed by them and to renew all former treaties
betwixt the Six Nations and this Government, agreed to proceed
on their embassy. I was required by them to stay at Annapolis
and receive the bills of exchange from Mr. Ross, Clerk of the
Council, and after receiving them on Sunday, p. m., I went to
Mr. Thomas where I lodged that night.
Monday, June 18, 1744. Breakfasted at Mr. Thomas' about
8 o'clock this morning and soon set out with him and the Rev.
Mr. Cradock (who accompanied us in quality of Chaplain of the
Maryland Commissioners) for Patapsco.
Monday evening in Baltimore County, I left Mr. Thomas and
the Rev. Parson at the Ordinary, and went to Mr. Robert North's,
where I supped with some blithe company, and from thence
returned to Mr. Roger's Ordinary in Baltimore Town. Mr. Bour-
dillon, minister of this parish, visited his brother-of-the-cloth
and stayed with us till near eleven o'clock this night.
June 24, 1744. Mr. Commissioner Jennings asked me to copy
the speech to be made by him, in the name of the Governor of
Maryland to the Indians in the court-house tomorrow evening.
This and transcribing some copies of it busied me so much that
I could not go to the court-house where divine service, according
to the Church of England, was performed by my fellow traveler,
the Rev. Mr. Cradock, to a numerous audience this day. He
177
also preached a very good sermon which met the approbation of
several gentlemen present.
Bppeti&fi "5)."
Bachelors Taxed in St. Thomas' Parish.— 1756-1763.
"About this time (1756) there was an Act passed by the
General Assembly, in order to repay the money expended in
protecting the frontier, to tax all bachelors, twenty-five years
of age and upwards, worth ^100 and under ^,'300, about seventy-
five cents each, and all worth ,£300 and upwards, $2.66. The
return of these taxes was required to be made by the Parish
Vestries. The following named bachelors of St. Thomas' Parish
were returned during the eight years of its continuance, as here
exhibited." Some who began on the ,£100 list were returned
afterward on the ,£300 list, and some married and escaped the
tax :
/"ioo AND UNDER /"300
1
756 57 58
59 60 61
1
Jeremiah Johnson
Reese Bowen . . .
William Cole . . .
Thomas Harvey
Richard Rawlings
Edward Stevenson
Huge Grayworlh
756
57
1
1
1
1
1
58 59
1 Ir
1 1
1 1
60 61
1 1
1 1
62
tr
63
1
Michael HnlTand .
Aqnila Price . .
M'd'c'i Hammond
11 v Stevenson, Ed
Saml Bond of P't'r
Wm. Harvey. Jr. .
John Gibbon . .
Thomas Johnson .
1
1
1
1 1
1
Charles Howard
1
1 1
1
OVER ^"300.
Bale Owings . .
1 1
1
tr
Thos Cocke Deye
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
Samuel Owings, Jr
1
1
tr
Benjamin Whipps
1
John Donghaday
1
1
tr
Jeremiah Johnson
111
1 1
Nathan Cromwell
1
1
tr
— Saml Worthington
1
Richard Hooker
1
1
1
1
1
Nath'l Stinchcomb
1
1 1
Nath'l Stinchcomb
1
tr
John Donghaday
1
1 1
Walter Bosley
1
1
[
1
Bale Owings . .
1
1 1
John P'ishpaw
1
1
1
1
Samuel Owings. Jr.
1
William Barney, Jr
1
1
1
Edw'd Perritaney
1
1
Anthony Gott
1
1
1
1
Nathan Cromwell
1
1 1
Abel Brown, Jr .
1
1
1
Reese Bowen . .
1 1
Thomas Hooker
1
1
178
HppenMi "IE."
Correspondence Between Rev. Dr. John Andrews and
Dr. Thomas Cradock.
Letter of T. Cradock, Esq., to Dr. Andrews concerning
Dr. Smith.
Baltimore, October 27, 1786.
Rev. and Dear Sir. — Your favor was given me on my way
to our convention, and I take per post the opportunity of giving
you the earliest notice of the step I took respecting Dr.
Smith.
Mr. Johnson was the only lay delegate there except myself;
him with Dr. West I consulted and the conclusion was that Mr.
Johnson and myself addressed Dr. Smith upon the subject. He
persevered in his resolution— denied the charge and insisted
upon the information you gave to be laid before the convention
(which was in fact intended), that a proper investigation might
be made and his innocency proved.
The matter stands thus at present. He will insist upon
your proving the charge of intoxication, and it is necessary to
be done (as it is so strenuously required) before the next con-
vention, when the matter will be taken into consideration. The
Doctor required of me an extract of your letter, which was
granted, and will, I make not the least doubt, write to you on
the subject. It gives me real pleasure that the matter is in this
train, as our convention may now act with a proper consistency,
and their conduct reflect no dishonor on the Church or them-
selves. Your affectionate servant. — T. Cradock.
Letter from Dr. Andrews to Dr Thomas Cradock.
Philadelphia, November 6, 1786.
Dear Sir. — .... As to the showing of my letter to
Dr. Smith you were undoubtedly wrong. You may remember
that you told me last spring that you had seen him some time
before very drunk in Baltimore. Yau had it in your power
then to produce one or the other of two testimonies against
.him ; or in other words, to expose as you think proper, either
yourself or me to his resentment, and it would have been more
179
generous to have chosen the former. But, in fact, there was
not the least occasion for either of these measures to have been
taken ; and all that the convention needed to have done more
upon the Doctor's business, was to have addressed him in some
such manner as this: "So often and so publickly have you exhib-
ited a want of self government in a particular instance that
your character in this respect is now everywhere well known,
and the prejudices of the people against it, of course univers-
ally established ; some of us have seen it with our own eyes .
all have had sufficient testimony concerning it ; and therefore
we, the laity, will never allow that our names shall be affixed to
your testimonials ; it is an insult upon our understanding, and
the sense we must be supposed to entertain of common decency,
to ask it." The clerical members to express the same convic-
tion with respect to his unfitness and to have revoked the ap-
pointment.
However, I am far from being uneasy about the matter :
and since nobody else in so long a time would venture to step
forth upon the occasion, must endeavor as much as I can to
make a kind of merit of attempting it at length myself though
it were only by accident.
I am happy in the accounts you give me of Mrs. Croxal
and Mrs. Buchanan. I hope that all the troubles which
Providence ordained for them are now over, and that the
rest of their days will be full of comfort. You are certainly
very right with respect to my attachment to Miss Gittings,
though not right perhaps in bantering her about it. Female
youth and beauty can seldom fail to be attracting, must be so
to an uncommon degree when to them is added great gentleness
and sweetness, sincerity and goodness. I am, dear sir, yours
effectionately, John Andrews.
Dr. Thomas Cradock, care the Rev. Dr. West, Baltimore.
Favored by Mr. Ryan.
Defter from Dr. Andrews to Dr. Thomas Cradock.
Philadelphia, January 12, 1791.
Dear Sir. — I received your favor of the first ultimo, and
thank you for the cheerfulness with which you undertake to
comply with my request. Agreeably to your wish, I have sent
180
down the bond by Dr. Falls, who is to deposit it with our com-
mon friend, Mr. Johnston.
I am much flattered by the regard which you and your
good family express for Mrs. Andrews and myself, who very
cordially joins with me in returning it, and in wishing you all
manner of happiness. I assure you that as often as I set myself
to form an idea of a pleasing and tranquil life, I go back to that
little brick house at Owensburgh, once not sufficiently valued
by me. In imagination I sometimes walk and sometimes ride
along the road which leads from it to hospitable Trentham. I
dine with you, with Mr. Johnston, with Dr. Lyon, Mrs. Croxal,
Mrs. Buchanan, Mr. Carnan, and the whole neighborhood. I
have only to lament that one or two of those, whose names I
have mentioned, are not now so happy as they formerly were.
You will easily conceive that I allude to the severe affliction
since experienced by Mrs. Croxall and Mrs. Buchanan. ' I
have also heard that my favorite, Miss Gittings (now Mrs. C.)
for whom I certainly entertained a great partiality, has of late
had her health very badly. Her sister Betsey was up here
sometime last summer, but just as I was beginning to be infat-
uated with her also, she unkindly went away and left us.
Under your family, mentioned above, I include your
brother's and Mr. Walker's, but I should be glad if in your
next you would inform me whether they still continue to live in
the same places, and how they prosper. With much respect, I
am, dear sir, yours affectionately, John Andrews.
Dr. Thos. Cradock, Garrison Forest.
Hppenoti "tf."
Chanting — Its Introduction into this Country by Rev.
Thomas Fitch Oliver.
Chanting: Its first introduction into the American church.
A letter of the late Rev. Andrew Oliver, I). D., Professor in
the General Theological Seminary.
The Croxall's lived at the old place, now owned by Mr. Charles T. Cockey It
repatented as "Garrison" in 1717. by Richard Croxall, and the family rest in the
graveyard there James Croxall, Richard's nephew, married Nellie Gittings, who* grace
and beauty seemed to attract such general attention
181
New York, January 9, 1895.
My Dear Mr. Smith. — I do not know that I can add any-
thing to the very nice sketch of my grandfather which you sent
me and which I herewith return. But I venture to send you an
article which appeared a few years ago, I think in the Church-
man, on "Chanting, its first introduction into the American
Church," and I should like very much to know whether my
grandfather continued the practice in St Thomas' Church.
" Not many years ago an article on the first introduction ot
chanting in the Church in the United States appeared in the third
volume of ' Potters Historical Record,' from which it appears
that this ancient custom was first attempted in St. George's,
Beekman street, New York, in the year 1813 This seems to
have been brought about by the efforts of the Rev. Win. Smith,
a Scotchman, who was ordained here in 1788, subsequently held
cures in Maryland and Rhode Island, and in 1792 was chosen
President of the General Convention. While connected with
that body he made several vain attempts to receive its sanction to
the introduction of the chant, but regarded as this was at the
time as a relic of a dark period in the Church history, the con-
vention set its face against it as an unwarrantable innovation and
nothing was then effected. At length, however, by the persist-
ent efforts of Mr. Smith, after much opposition, chanting was
attempted in the above-mentioned church in 1813, to the great
discomfort of the parish and its wardens. It is stated that it
caused great indignation among the people, and at least says the
writer, Mr. Ernest Van Wagenen, a warden of the church, unable
any longer to repress his overflowing anger arose and exclaimed:
'Away, away with your Jewish gibborish; we want no such non-
sense in the House of God; give us the Psalter and Hymns as of
old,' and walked out of the church. Boss Walton, he of old
Walton House in Franklin Square followed, saying: ' I go too,'
when several others also left the church."
It will be seen, however, from the following testimony that
this ancient practice was revived at a much earlier date in an
obscure parish on the shores of Massachusetts Bay, and this with-
out in the least disturbing the equilibiium of priest and people.
In a letter of the Rev. Thomas Fitch Oliver, the Rector of St.
Michaels, Marblehead, dated December 24, 1787, he writes to his
182
father who then resided in the neighboring town of Salem, as fol-
lows: "As tomorrow is Christmas we design to introduce chant-
ing into our church. ' ' It appears from his next letter that ' ' the
chanting was performed before a very crowded audience of church-
men and dissenters, and to general acceptation.' ' In a subse-
quent letter dated February n, 1788, he writes: "Will it give
you any pleasure to learn that the quire at St. Michael's do con-
stantly chant the Venite, the Te Deum, and in the afternoon the
Cantateand the Nunc dimittis to just acceptation. This I assure
you is the case, and I believe mine is almost the only church on the
continent in which this is done. ' ' It appears therefore that more
than twenty years before the chant had grated so hard on the
Dutch ears of New Amsterdam it had become an honored custom
in Puritan Massachusetts.
My grandfather died the twenty-sixth of January 1797. This
date is on his mourning ring which I have. My father, Dr.
Daniel Oliver, the youngest, but one of Mr. Oliver's sons, used
to tell me when a boy of his early life at Garrison Forest.
With many thanks for your great courtesy, believe me, my
dear sir, very sincerely yours, Andrew Oliver.
Rev. Hobart Smith.
appen&fx (3.
Incumbents, or Rectors.
1745, February 4, (1.) Rev. Thomas Cradock, A. M., died
May 7, 1770.
1770, May 9, (2.) Rev. William Edmiston, A. M , left Septem-
ber 10, 1775.
1775, September 10, vacant 3 months, to December 10, 1775.
1775, December 10, (3.) Rev. Thomas Hopkinson, A. M., left
December 10. 1776.
1776, Decembtr 10, vacant 3 years, four months, to April 3,
1780.
17S0, April 3, (4.) Rev. William West, D. D., every third Sun-
day to April 3, 1782.
1782, April 10. (5.) Rev. John Andrews, D. D., one-half his
time, to April 10. 1785
183
1785, April 10, vacant 8 years; 2 months, to June 3, 1793.
1793, June 3, (6.) Rev. Thomas F. Oliver, A. M., died January
26, 1797.
1797, October 5, vacant 1 year, 6 months, to April 8, 1799.
1799, April 8, (7.) Rev. John Coleman, removed December 8,
1804.
1S04, December 8, vacant 10 months, to October 1, 1805.
1805, Oct. 1, (8.) Rev. John Armstrong, removed March, 1810.
1S10, March, vacant 2 years, 9 months, to December 28, 1812.
1S12, December 28, (9.) Rev. John Chandler, removed Decem-
ber 28, 1814.
1 s 1 4 , December 28, vacant 3 years, 10 months, to November 2,
1818.
1818, November 2, (10.) Rev. Joseph Jackson, removed Novem-
ber 29, 1819.
1 819, November 29, vacant r year, 1 month, to Dec. 1, 1820.
1820, December 20, (11.) Rev. Charles C. Austin, A. M., died
February 9, 1849.
1849, February 9, vacant, to May 14, 1849.
1849, May 14, (12.) Rev. Jacob B. Morss, A. M., removed
November 25, 1850.
1850, November 25, (13.) Rev. John J. Nicholson, removed
April 22, 1852.
1852, April 22, vacant, to December 5, 1852.
1852, December 5, (14.) Rev. William F. Lockwood, died
April 1, 1883.
Rev. W. Strother Jones, Assistant Minister, from April 1, 1879
to April 1, 1883.
1883, April 1, (15.) Rev. W. Strother Jones, resigned September
14, 1888.
1 888, December 25, (16.) Rev. Hobart Smith.
184
appendix 'ib."
Wardens and Vestrymen St. Thomas' Parish. '
V designates Vestryman ; w, Warden ; r, Registrar ; d,
Delegate to the Diocesan Convention.
John Gill, v 1745, w 1746, v 1754-56.
William Cockey, v 1745, 1755-56.
Nath'l Stinchcomb, v 1745-46.
John Hamilton, v 1745-46.
Joshua Owings, v 1745-46, w 1747, v 1752-54, w 1766.
George Ashman, v 1745, J746, 1750.
Peter Gosnell, w 1745, v 1752-54.
Cornelius Howard, w 1745, v 1751-53, 1758 60.
Christopher Randall, r 1745-47, '51.
John Bond, v 1745-47, 1764-66.
Nathan Bowen, v 1745-47.
John Hawkins, v 1746 48, r 1748-49.
Thomas Norris, v 1746-48.
Win. Beazeman, w 1746 and 176s.
Win. Hamilton, v 1746.
Henry Morgan, v 1747.
Thomas Gist, v 1747-49, w 1765.
Richard Bond, w 1747. v 1759-61.
John Wilmott, Jr., v 1747-49, w J752-
Peter Bond, v 1748-50-
Robert Gilresh, v 1748-50.
John Hurd, w 1748, 1762.
William Gist, w 174S, 1752.
William Worthington, v 1749.
William Kelly, w 1749 and 1765.
Arthur Chinneworth, w 1749, v 1753-55, '59. '6o-
John Ford, v 1749-51-
Benjamin Bond, v 174951.
Samuel Owings, v 1750-52, r 1753-57.
Stephen Gill, w 1750, v 1 753"55-
George Ogg, w 1750, v 1 755-57.
11 Any further information as to Rectors, wardens, vestrymen or others connected
with St. Thomas' Parish will be thankfull] d by the Rector, and filed for future
reference. -Editor.
i
I-
a
•fz_ ^72
>- "«^V 1-VOO-r T»4^
'tZstt/rffr-sc
**~ Pi
/
185
Capt. Nicholas Orrick. v 1750-52, '57. '66-68.
Thomas Cockey, v 1751-53.
John Pindell, w 1 75 1 .
Anion Butler, w 175 1 .
Thomas Wells, w 1752.
Lovelace Gorsuch, w 1752.
Robert Chapman, w 1753.
John Spelmerdine, v 1754-56.
Joshua Cockey, w 1754, v 1761-63.
Abel Brown, w 1754, v 1758 60.
Thomas Cockey Deye, w 1755
Edward Cockey, w 1755.
Henry Stevenson, v 1756-58.
William Hamilton, Jr., v 1756-58.
William Harvey, v 1756-57, w 1763.
Stephen Hart Owings, w 1756, w 1774
Robert Wilmott w 1756, v 1768-70.
Jeremiah Johnson, v 1757-59-
Samuel Worthington, w 1757, v 1762-64.
John Stansbury, w 1757.
Richard Wilmott, v 1758-59.
William Randall, w 1758, v 1770-72.
George Bramwell, r 1758-64.
James Kelley, w 1758.
Geo. Ristean, w 1758, v 1763-65.
Alexander Wells, w 1759.
Richard Chennowith, v 1759-60.
Vachel Worthington, w 1759.
John Carter, v 1760-62.
Solomon Bowen, v 1760-62.
Thomas Harvey, w 1760.
Benjamin Wells, w 1760.
Thomas Bennett, v 1761-63.
Charles Wells, w 1761, v 1772-74.
John Griffith, w 1761.
Joseph Bosley of Jno., v 1762- 64.
Chistopher Carnan, w 1762.
Stephen Wilkinson, v 1763 65.
Nathan Cromwell, w 1763, v 1768-70.
186
John Doughaday, v 1764-67.
Luke Chapman, v 1764-67.
Francis Sollers, w 1764.
Charles Howard, w 1764.
John Gill, Jr., v 1765-67.
Mordecai Hammond, v 1766 68.
Joseph Gist, r 1766-76.
Robert Teves, v 1767-69, w 1779.
Thomas Ford, v 1767-69.
Thomas Worthington, w 1767.
John Cockey, w 1767.
Joseph Cromwell, Jr., w 1768.
Stephen Cromwell, w 1769
David Brown, w 1769.
Thomas Owings, v 1769-71.
Gilbert Israel, v 1769-71.
John Elder, v 1770 71.
Edward Dorsey, w 1770.
Nicholas Dorsey, v 1771-73.
Christopher Randall, Jr., v 1771-73.
Nathan Chapman, Jr., w 1 77 1 .
Job Hunt, w 1 77 1.
John Cockey Owings, v 1772-74.
Wm. Hammond, v 1772-74
Edward Parrish of Jno., w 1772.
Walter Bosley, \v 1772-
Joshua Hurd, w 1773.
Christopher Turnfaugh, w 1773.
Charles Dorsey of Nicholas, v 1773.
Charles Walker, v 1774, v 1779-1816.
Charles Carnan, \v 1774, w 1779-1784.
Thomas Bennett, v 1775-77.
Dr. Jno, Cradock, v 1775-89, d 17S4-89.
Wm. Wright, w 1775.
Joshua Jones, w 1775, 1 7S4, 1788-89, 1792-96, 1799.
John Eager Howard, v 1 775-77-
Capt. Benj. Nicholson, v 1776-79, [784-85.
Dr. Thomas Cradock, v 1776, w 1778-79, v 1780-1816.
Robert N. Carnan, v 1780-82.
187
Thomas Beasman, v 1780.
Wm. Gist, w 1781-82.
Stephen Shelmercline, w 1781.
Edward Coekey. v 1782-84.
Thomas Wells, Jr., w 1783.
Thomas Harvey, v 1784-87, 1792-93.
James Howard v 1786-89, r 1792- 1805, d 1787-88, '92-94.
John Tolly Worthington, v 1788-89, 1799-1801, 1818.
Frederick Councilman, v 1788-89.
Samuel Ownings, Jr., v 1792-96, 1799-1803, d 1801.
John Coekey, v 1792-94.
John Bond, w 1793-95, 1799, 1800, 1801 , v 1806-13; died 1813.
Klias Brown, v 1792-93.
Wm. Stacia, w 1793-95, 1799- 1800.
Nathan Chapman, v 1794.
Wm. Demitt, w 1794.
Samuel Owings, (3d), v 1799-1824.
Phineas Hunt, v 1799-1809, d 1809.
Henry Clark; w 1799.
Wm. Stone, v 1800-05, d 1804.
Richard R. Moore, v 1800-05.
Robert Chapman, w 1800.
Samuel C- Hunt, w 1802.
Brian Philpot, w 1802, v 1806-12.
James Winchester, v. 1803-05.
Dr. Jno. Cromwell, w 1803, v 1806 07.
Johnson, w 1803.
Robert North Moale, v 1806-1819, treas. LS20 22, d 1X07.
Joseph West, r 1806-1813.
Thomas Owings, v 1803-05, 1821-22.
Griffith White, w 1807.
William Jones, w 1807.
Moses Brown, v 1808-10.
Thomas Howard, w 1S08.
L,loyd Ford, w 1808.
Chistopher Todd, v 1810-1 1 , 1813-16, 1818-19.
George Winchester, d 18 10.
Thomas Moale, v 1811-13, 1815-16, 1818-19, 1821.
Walter Worthington, v 181 2-13, 18 15, d 18 13.
188
Jno. George Walker, v 1818.
Geo. W. Jackson, w 1818.
Horatio Hollingsworth, w 1818, 1821, r 1822, w 1838-41,
1843.
Thomas B. Cockey, r 1S18-19, v 1819.
John Johns, v 1818, 1832, 1834, 1838.
John Bond of Jno., v 1815-16.
Robert Ward, v 1816, 1819.
Charles Worthington, v 1818-19, 1832, 1834.
David R. Gist, v 1819, 1821.
Col. David Hopkins, v 1821-23, w 1821-22
Thomas H. Belt, v 1821-23.
Stephen W. Falls, v 1821.
John Hollingsworth, r 182 1.
Robert Riddle, v 1822-24.
James Piper, v 1822-26, 1838-39, 1845, w 1844, d 1838-39
Wm. F. Johnson, v 1822.
Elias Brown, v 182 [-23.
John Patterson, v 1823-29, 1832, w 1824-27.
Edward A. Cockey, v 1822-29.
John Kelso, Jr., v 1824-26.
Christopher Carnan, v 1824-26.
Wm. Brown, v 1X24-29.
Dr. Wm. Hitch, v 1826-29, d [828.
Col. James Bankhead, v 1827-29.
Nicholas C. Carroll, v 1827-28, 1838-40, 1845 48, 1850.
John Tagart, w 1828, v 1829.
Owen Maynard, v 1829-2832.
Benjamin Arthur, v 1S32-34, 1838-50, w isa
James Owings, v 1X32, 1834.
Wm. Tagart. v [832.
Rich'd H. Owen, v 1X34, [843-58, w 1838-52,(1 1*44-5
treas. '53-
W. Van Bibber, v 1838-41.
Henry Stevenson, v [838-41, 1843-52. w 1851-66, d 1X40.
J. Hammond, v 1838.
Dr. Edmund B. Addison, v 1838-47, r [838-41.
Dr. Thomas Cradock Walker, v 1839-41.
P. Forden, v 1839-41.
189
J. Maynadier, v 1840-41.
Cardiff Tagart, v 1841, 1843, 1844, 1852, w 1846.
J. McHenry Hollingsworth, v 1843-46.
W. H. Medcalf, v 1843, d l843-
Edward Hall, v 1843, 1844, 1847, w 1845-47.
Franklin Metcalf, r 1843-48.
Jno. H. Carroll, v 1844-53, r I849"54-
Edward D. Lynn, v [846-49, '51-65, r 1848-49, w 1863,
treas. 1859-65, d 1859-64.
Dr. J. C. Morfit, v 1848-51.
Wm. P. Maulsby, v 1848-49.
Thomas H. Gibson, v 1848-53.
Thomas Cradock, v 184996, w 1865-96, d 1869-96.
Dennis A. Smith, v 1850-51, w 1850.
Lt. J. Fletcher, v 1850-52.
Dr. J. T. Councilman, v 1852-68, r 1853-68, w 1852, d 1868.
John Ross, v 1853.
Giles, v 1853-56.
Robert Riddle, v 1854, died 1855.
J. Louis Smith, v 1854-62.
James H. McHenry, 1855-56.
William F. Johnson, 1855, '59-60, w 1861.
Dr. James Maynard, v 1856-61.
Alex. Riddle, v 1856-85, w 1880-85.
G. B. Mulligan, v 1857-58.
Col. Huger, v i860.
Gen. Benj. C. Howard, w 1859, '60, '62.
Dr. John C. VanWyck, v 1861 63.
Reuben Stump, v 1861-75.
Carroll Spence, v 1862-69.
R. F. Maynard; v 1862-97, treas. 1865-97, w 1885-97.
George H. Elder, w 1863, v 1864-66, d 1865-66.
William Devries, w 1864.
Charles Lyon Rogers, v 1865-77.
Charles Morton Stewart, v 1867-98, d 1897-98.
Dr. Wm. M. Wood, w 1867-79, v 1873, 1875-79.
Noah Walker, v 1869-73.
Mittnacht, w 1869-73.
Samuel M. Shoemaker, v 1870-73, 1880-84.
190
William Fell Johnson, r 1869-98, v 1S77 98.
Charles K. Harrison, v 1874-77.
B. F. Voss, v 1878-80.
John N. Carroll, v 1878-83.
Richard B. Post, v 1881-88.
Samuel H. Tagart, v 1884-92.
Samuel M. Shoemaker, v 1884-98.
C. T. Cockey, v 1885-98.
Win. Checkley Shaw, v 1889-98.
George N. Moale, 1892-98, w 1897-98, treas. 1897-98.
Thomas Cradock, 1896-98.
John McHenry, 1897-98.
Hppen&ii "11."
Donations to St. Thomas' Church, for Church
i m provement — 1 890.
Samuel H. Tagart, $590950; C. Morton Stewart, S1200 :
William Checkley Shaw, $1024.73; Children's Fair, $150; Mrs.
Samuel Johnston, $20; Fulton Winkler, $10; E. B Hunting.
$5; Mrs. H. A Atkinson, $50; Dr. I. E. Atkinson, $10; Genl.
Felix Agnus, $100; Wm. Stingle, $5.00; Miss Ellin Elder, $10;
Master Harry McCubbin, $1.00; Dr. Robert W. Johnson, $10:
Mr and Mrs- J. W. McCubbin, $5.00; Dr. \V. H. H. Campbell,
$5 00; Wm. H. Shipley, $50; Mrs. Sarah Painter, Sio; Miss
May Lockwood, Sio: D. C. Lyle, $25; S. H. Lyon, $100; M. S.
Atkinson. $25; Charles T. Cockey, $50; George N. Moale, $50;
Mrs. John Stewart, $50; Rev. Hobart Smith, $25: George
Ward, $5.00; Dr. H. Louis Naylor, $25. Total $8940.73.
X. B. — This sum does not represent all of the original
amounts subscribed, as a number of them were afterwards
withdrawn.
In addition to this sum Mr. Wm. Fell Johnston presented to
the Sunday School a Chapel Organ, for which he paid $150.
William Checkley Shaw,
Baltimore, October 15, 1890. Chairman and Treasurer.
191
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INDEX.
Allen, "Rev Ethan,(Introduct'n). V
Allen, Col. William (Introd't n). VII
A ndrews, Rev. John 4a
Andrews, Robert VIII
Armstrong, Rev. John 67
A shny Francis 30, 39
Ascension Parish 85
Ashman, George 7
Austin, Rev. C. C s'>
Bachelors Taxed 19
Baptists 32
Bedford, Duke of 8
Bend, Rev. I)r 50
Bishops in America 10
Bladen, Gov Thomas 1,7
Bourdillon, Rev. Benedict .... 1
Bramwell, George L43
Brown Abel 159
i larnan Family 138
Carroll, John N .Gives the Bell 119
( 'casus of Parish 63
Claggett, Bishop 13, ?>
Clerk Appointed 63
Clergy, Meeting of 24
Cockey, William 7
( "key Family 150
Coleman, Rev. John 50, 57
Coke, Rev. Dr 15
Croxall, Burying Ground
Cradock, Rev. Thomas 7, v!l
Cradock, ('apt. John 9
Cradock, Dr. Thomas 81, L54
Cradock, Dr. John 157
Cradock, Mr. Thomas 124
Edmiston, Rev. William 28
Fort and Garrison 1
Friends' Meeting-House 27
Gill, John 151
Gist, Christopher 3
Gist, Thomas 40
Gist Family 129
Gosnell, Peter 7
Hailc, Nicholas 3
1 [amilton, William 3
Hamilton, John J
Hammond, Col. William 13
1 Inward Family L31
Howard, Cornelius (1st) ;.^s
Howard, Cornelius (2d) 133
1 1- '\\ard, ( ten. John Eager 36, 132
I [i 'ward, James 67,134
1 [i iwden, Luce ' . . . . i>
Holy Trinity Chapel 29,32, 68,81
Holy Trinity Parish 84
Holy Communion, Provis'n for 1 l
Hopkins, Major I >avid B3
1 [opkinson, Rev, Thomas
Hulse, Dr. Randle
Hunt Family 151
Indians, Treaty with Six Na-
tions 'n
Indians. Incursions of lv
.lack-on. Rev. Joseph.. '■'■
Jarrett, Rev. I (erbraux
.(ones Rev. W. Strother 112
La Farge Windows 120
Langwortny, Edward 5< •
Lockwood, Rev. W. F 93
193
Lottery Scheme 68
Lyon, Edward D 89,108
Lyon Family 145
Ma\ nurd, Dr. James F 107
Maynard, Richard F 124
Methodism, Beginning of 30
Methodists, Rules of Early.... 31
Methodists, Efforts to Keep
Them From Schism 46
Moale, George N 121
Moale Family 144
Morss, Rev. Jacob I? 88, 166
Mi. Paran Church Built 32
Nicholson, Rev. .John .1 ill
Oliver, Dr Andrew VIII
Oliver, Rev Thomas Fitch 50
Organ Purchased 90
Organ, Pipe 109
Owen, Richard II t°6
Owings Family 134
Owings, Samuel (1st) 3, 135
Owings, Samuel (2d) 53, (53, 136
Owings, Samuel (3d) 137
Owings, Joshua 7, 30
Pew System Set Aside 67
Philpot, Brian 75
Presbyterians, The 32
Psalms, Version of 25
Pulpit Moved 62
Ralph, Rev. George 51, 75
Randall, Christopher 3, 7
Rich, Rev. A .1 L05
Riddell, Ale\ 1 1 r>
Risteau.Capt. John 1, 12, 142
Sater's Baptist Meeting Bouse.. :'.
St. James' Parish 44
St. .lann-' College 79
St. Mark's-on-the Mill tlO
Shoemaker, Samuel M 109, 10 1
Smith, Rev. I lobart 117
Stinchcomb, Nathaniel i
Straw-bridge, Robert 30
Surplice, Use of 17, 20
Tagart, Samuel II 118, 120
Tobacco Tax 11
Tobacco Tax, Reduced 91
Virginia Theological Seminary 107
Vestry,
First 7
Refreshment of 16
Renounce Allegiance to the
King 37
Walker, Dr T. C 161
Walker, Charles 160
West, Rev. William 41
West, Joseph 163
Western Run 17
Worthington Valley 6
Worthington, Samuel 76
Worthington, Charles 86
Worthington Family 1 1 3
MAY
1929
I