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OF
GAZETTEER
OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK
Z3IBRACING
A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW
OF THE
GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND GENERAL HISTORY OF THE STATE,
AND
A COMPLETE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION
OF
tfmmty, City, Paten, tillage, and pratity.
WITH FULL TABLES OF STATISTICS.
BY
J. H. FRENCH,
Ml
MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SEW TORS
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. OF THE ALBANY INSTITUTE, ETC.
Illustrated by Original Steel Engravings,
IRA J. FRIEDMAN, Inc.
Port Washington, L.I., NY.
GAZETTEER OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
First published in I860
Reissued in 1969 by Ira J. Friedman, Inc.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 70-1O1018
SEN 87198-072-X
Manufactured by Taylor Publishing Company Dallas, Texas
EMPIRE STATE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES No. 72
PREFACE.
THE map of "Westchester County which was commenced about ten years since, and soon
after published by Robert Pearsall Smith, was probably the first map of any county in the
State of New York published from actual survey of roads and boundaries. This was followed
by maps of other counties on a similar plan ; and, about eight years since, Mr ..Smith conceived
the idea of publishing a series of maps from actual survey, embracing all the counties in the
State, and, from these, of producing a State Map that should be more full, complete, and
reliable than any ever before published. But, about four years since, upon careful trial, in
reducing a large number of these county maps to a uniform scale, so many omissions and
discrepancies were found in them, that a new survey of the State was deemed necessary to the
construction of an accurate map of the State, An arrangement was accordingly made with
the author to take the general superintendence of the new survey ; the general plan for the
works to be prepared was fixed upon ; and the re-survey of the State and the collection of
statistics were begun.
At the commencement of the re-survey, maps of fifty-one counties had been completed
and published ; six counties had been surveyed, but the maps were not yet published ; and
three counties were still unsurveyed. Of the fifty-one published maps, twelve were found to
be so deficient in matters essential to the completion of the State Map according to the plan
fixed upon, as to render entire new surveys of these counties necessary. Surveyors were
sent into the remaining counties, with copies of the published or manuscript maps in hand,
with instructions to visit every town, to correct every error that should be found upon the
maps, to make additions of new roads, note changes in boundaries, and, in short, to return
the maps properly revised and corrected for use in the preparation of the State Map. In
many instances new surveys of parts of towns, town lines, roads, and streams were found
necessary, and also countless changes in the location of boundary lines, roads, streams and
bodies of water, and in the representation of the topographical features of the country. The
surveyors were instructed to obtain copies of manuscript and other local maps, as far as
practicable, as these were generally found to contain metes and bounds, and, being plotted to
large scales, were of value in laying down boundary lines. Draftsmen were also sent to the
several private Land Offides in the State, and to Albany, and all maps of any value in the offices
of the State Engineer and Surveyor and the Secretary of State were copied, to be laid under
contribution in the preparation of the State Map. The Superintendent of the United States
Coast Survey and the Secretary of the Interior also furnished copies of all the maps in their
Departments pertaining to the State. The number and variety of maps and plots, printed and
manuscript, that have thus been collected is very great, and probably embraces more valuable
matter than any similar collection in the State.
Not the least difficult part of the labor of constructing a map of a large extent of country
is "making the projection." In surveys of small areas this difficulty does not occur, as the
proportion of the curvature of the earth's surface to that part of its area contained in a rect-
angle of thirty to fifty miles, is so small that, when reduced to the scale of even an inch to
the mile, it is scarcely perceptible. But in projecting a map of territory of as great extent
as the State of New York, the curvature of the surface from a plane is so great as to make
the departure of the lines of latitude and longitude from right lines plainly visible upon a
map even when plotted to a scale of less than one-fourth of an inch to a mile.
The Flamstead Improved Projection, being the one best adapted to the correct representa-
tion of a large extent of country, was adopted for the State Map.
The maps of the State heretofore published embrace a large part of the New England
States, Pennsylvania, and Canada. The space thus usually occupied is appropriated to plans
of the cities, and to smaller maps illustrating particular features of the State. These marginal
maps, it is believed, add to the value of the work. By placing a map of Long Island by itself,
at the same time showing its relative position to the rest of the State, by retaining a map of
nearly one-third of the island in its proper place, the map of the entire State is constructed
3
4 PREFACE.
on a scale about twenty per cent, (linear scale) larger than can be done on a sheet of the same
size with all of Long Island projecting eastward of New York City. This increased scale will
be found to fully compensate for the change of place of the eastern portion of Long Island.
The map of the State is plotted to the scale of 55^,555, which is j 9 3 7 2 or a small fraction more
than 4.7 miles to an inch ; and the city plans to the scale of 35,^53, which is f f f or a small
fraction more than .78 of a mile to an inch.
The longitude of several points in the eastern and western portions of the State having
been accurately determined by the Coast Survey and the Department of the Interior, and
the latitude of many points on the north and south borders and within the State from nume-
rous and repeated observations, the projection of the parallels and meridians was first made
with accurately constructed scales, using the most recent tables of latitude and longitude mea-
surements as adopted by the Coast Survey and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
Tiie boundaries of the State were next projected, after which the lines of the counties were
located on the map. The town lines were next laid out ; and finally the roads, bodies of
water, streams, topography, and all other details were filled in. This course could not fail to
secure accuracy in all parts of the work ; and, while the map does not agree, in many points,
with previous maps of the State, the author feels confident that it will bear the closest
scrutiny and criticism.
A prominent and distinctive feature of the State Map is the representation of all the roads,
railroads, canals, and routes of travel, every mile of each of which has been run and every
angle measured.
The city plans are all drawn to the same scale, thus presenting, at a glance, the comparative
extent of the built-up portions of each. Albany, Brooklyn, and Buffalo have so great an
extent of unoccupied or farm lands that it was not practicable to show the entire corporate
limits of either on the city plans ; but no built-up part of either city has been omitted. The
plans of the other cities embrace their entire area.
In the construction of the Geological and Land Patent Map, the geology of the State
according to the New York System has been followed ; but the different strata or formations
are represented by a system of shading in the engraving, instead of by color, as is usually
done in geological maps. This plan was adopted, as it was desirable to present two distinct
features in the one map ; and the engraved shading for the geology permits the use of colors
for the land patents. The size of the map would not admit of the representation of tracts of
land smaller than a township ; but a complete list of all the grants will be found in this work.
In the year 1825 the Regents of the University established meteorological stations in various
parts of the State, and reports were required to be made from these stations annually to the
Board of Regents. At the expiration of twenty-five years the Regents caused these reports
to be digested ; and the mean averages of the summaries thus deduced so far as relates to
temperature, fall of rain, and direction of wind are embraced in the Meteorological Map.
On this map the several stations (including three established at military posts, and not subject
to the direction of the Board of Regents) are at the centers of the small circles. In each of
these circles are either two or three numbers : when two, the upper number is the mean
annual temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, and the lower number is the mean annual fall of
rain in_ inches; and when three, the upper and lower numbers indicate, respectively, tem-
perature and rain, and the middle one the elevation of the station above tide, in feet. The
diagram at the right represents the mean annual direction of wind at the several stations,
the index in any case denoting the point of compass, and its length the number of days,
one inch in length of radius representing five days. Thus, taking the index for Canandaigua,
the direction is S. 63 37' W., and the length of the radius is 3.4 inches. This indicates that
the mean annual direction of the wind at this station was from the w. s. w. for 17 days in the
year more than from all other directions. For the isothermal lines, or lines of equal tempe-
rature, and the shading representing the different depths of rain, we are indebted to LORIN
BLODGEI , author of American Climatology.
The Time Indicator has been prepared from minute calculations, and will be found correct
in every case.
The diagram showing the capacity of the church edifices is constructed to a scale, and
correctly represents the proportion of each to the whole.
An examination of the various Gazetteers heretofore published cannot fail to satisfy any
one that a great part of the material from which they were compiled was furnished by corre-
PREFACE. 5
spondents. This plan seemed to be the one most likely to secure accuracy, and with some
modifications it was a^first adopted in collecting materials for this work. Agents were sent
into some portions of t"he State, furnished with printed instructions, questions, and blanks, to
obtain the desired information, either by personal research, or through the assistance of such
competent persons in the various localities visited as would undertake to fill the blanks and
return them to the general office. While a few persons promptly responded to the request
thus made of them, others delayed giving it immediate attention, and still others neglected it
altogether. A large proportion of the matter received from correspondents was found to be
irrelevant, devoted to specialties, or unreliable, and therefore of little value. Much matter
was received which possesses a greater or less amount of local interest, but which could not
be admitted without giving undue prominence to some subjects or localities at the expense
of others. After a fair trial of the plan first adopted, it was found subject to so many objec-
tions that it was abandoned. The surveyors and agents were then instructed to visit every
city, town, and village, to search records, examine documents, consult the best living, printed,
and manuscript authorities, and to make returns to the general office of all the reliable
matter and information obtained. They were instructed to take no statement on a single
authority, and in cases where authorities were found to differ, to examine diligently and
impartially, and report all the facts, so that in digesting and arranging them for the press,
all the evidence might be at hand. They were particularly cautioned against taking mere
hearsay or traditionary tales for truth, and not to seek wonders and marvels. A competent
person was employed to examine records and documents in the State Library and State and
other public offices at Albany and in New York City, for information that might be avail-
able in the preparation of this work. The Documentary History and the State Geology of
New York, general and local histories, biographies, sketches, essays, reports, newspapers,
manuscripts, and all other available authorities that were likely to contain any information
of value, were collected, and in turn consulted, and their accuracy and value tested as the
work progressed.
The plan for the work finally fixed upon, while it embraces a wider range than is usually
taken by similar works, seems to be one that cannot fail to meet the wants and tastes of the
people, as it presents the wealth, resources, present condition, and past history of the State
in a form and style at once convenient, perspicuous, and concise.
The details of description of each county, city, town, and village, have been arranged, as
far as practicable, according to a uniform plan or outline ; as has been also the General
Article embraced in the first 154 pages. The subjects embraced in this article seemed to
cover all the ground that properly belongs to the work ; and they are treated at as great
length as their proportional importance to the limits of the volume would permit. A
Gazetteer of a State should not be expected to contain, in a connected form, a complete
compendium of knowledge upon whatever pertains to a State. But present condition, brief
and comprehensive statements, short historical sketches of general interest, tables, facts and
figures as connected with the wealth, prosperity, and resources of a State, should be con-
sidered to an extent sufficient for a work of reference, such as a Gazetteer is intended
to be.
The general outline of the county descriptions is as follows : 1st. Date of formation of the
county, from what taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, location in the State, and air-line
distance of geographical center from the Capitol at Albany. 2d. Geology, topography, and
drainage ; embracing the general geological formations, general contour of the surface, lakes,
rivers, and othex watercourses. 3d. Soil, leading articles of production, and occupation of the
people. 4th. Works of internal improvement. 5th. County seat, names of first county officers,
and description of county buildings and institutions. 6th. History of the newspaper press.
7th. Brief historical sketch of the county from the date of first settlement to the present time.
The descriptions of the towns are according to nearly the same general plan, and embrace,
1st. Date of formation, from what taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, and location in
the county. 2d. Peculiarities in geological formations not mentioned in county description.
3d. Topography and drainage. 4th. Names and description of villages, hamlets, and local-
ities, with their location in town, date of incorporation, institutions, leading branches of
business, and population according to the most recent reliable enumeration. 5th. A brief
historical sketch, embracing incidents of general and local interest, names of first settlers,
first birth, marriage, and death, first church, school, mill, and factory, and number of churches
6 PREFACE.
in 1855. After the towns in each county is a table compiled from the last State census,
except the valuation and statistics of schools, which are from the returns for the year 1858.
In many cases, the population of villages and the number of churches given are from enu-
merations taken since 1855 ; but the last State census has invariably been taken as authority
on these two points, except in cases where later reliable enumerations have been taken. The
acres of land as given in the tables fall short of the area" of the county as given, at the com-
mencement of each county description. The reason of this is obvious : the acres of land as
shown by the tables are from the returns of assessors, which seldom embrace marsh, swamp,
and unproductive lands, and lands under water ; while the area in square miles, as given in
the county descriptions, has in every case been ascertained from actual measurements.
The steel plate illustrations are engraved from original views taken expressly for this work.
The map has been engraved on stone, at great expense, by the best artists, and the mechani-
cal execution of both works is highly creditable to the publisher.
The Index of Subjects at the commencement of the work, and the Index of Geographical
Names at the close, cannot fail of being justly valued for their convenience. The uniform
use of a bold-face letter for names of towns, villages, and hamlets will also be found to
greatly facilitate rapid search for this class of geographical names.
Tu many of the officers in the several State Departments, and to numerous county, town,
and city officers, local surveyors, civil engineers, land agents, members of the press, and
others, the author is indebted for furnishing valuable materials for these works. To them,
and to all who have in any way rendered him assistance in the preparation of either Map or
Gazetteer, he desires to acknowledge his obligations. Many persons may feel disappoint-
ment at finding that information furnished by them has not been used. An examination
of the work, however, must convince them that nothing has been omitted which was essential
to the general plan of the work, and that whatever did not come within this plan could not
be introduced.
The author would not be doing justice to himself nor to the public did he fail to acknow-
ledge his obligations to those who have been associated with him in the preparation of these
works. He desires to make particular mention of the valuable services of LIEUT. FRANCIS
MAULER, FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, M. D., and JAMES JOIIONNOT. Lieut. Mahler was educated in a
European University for a Topographical Engineer. Ten years of subsequent practice ren-
dered him eminently qualified for the position he has occupied on the Survey. Dr. Hough is
well known to the people of the State as the Superintendent of the last State census and as
the author of several historical and statistical works. His services in searching records and
documents at Albany, in New York City, and elsewhere, have been invaluable, and to his
practical knowledge of the geology of the State the author is mainly indebted for whatever
pertains to that subject in this work. Mr. Johonnot has devoted many years to the subject
of Physical Geography. The topography of the State, its counties and towns, has been
mainly written by him.
The intelligent citizens of the State of Xew York cannot fail to appreciate the liberality
of the publisher in the great expenditures he has made in bringing out these works. The
cost of the original surveys for the county maps was about $48,000, and the expenditures on
the works from the commencement of the re-survey to the date of publication have reached
about $40,000 more, making a total investment of $94,000. The whole time spent in surveys,
collection of materials, writing, engraving, proof-reading, &c., has been equal to the time of
one person 125 years. It is believed that no similar enterprise of equal extent, and involving
the outlay of so large a capital, has ever been undertaken at private expense in this or any
other country. Time, talents, and money have alike been devoted to the production of a
Map and Gazetteer that it is hoped will be found every way worthy of the Empire State.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abeel, John, Indian trader, 414.
Abercromhio. < !fn. .limit's, 298.
Academies, general article on, 125.
list of incorporated, 130.
notices of, 48, 140, 160, 161,169, 1T1, 172,
173, 175, 176, 180, 184, 193, 197. linn.
201.202. -2H3, 2d5, 211, 21-'. 214, 210,
22' i. 22s, 229, 230. 235, 237, 239, 243,
244, 240, 247, 24Si 251, 252, 253, 259,
260. 261, 203. 2C,5, 270, 272, 275, 277,
27s, 2s2. 2*3. 2*0, 289, 300, 303, 305,
311, 312, 317, 324, 326,327, S30, 331,
332, 333, 343, 34'i, 349. 355, 356, 357,
360, 361, 362, 303, 309, 372. 378, 383,
384, 3*5, 390. 391, 392, 393. 398, 399,
400, 401, 403. 4<>.-,, 412, 414. 429.430,
453, 450, 403. 4f,4. 465, 400. 407,408,
4i;9, 471, 4S2. 4s4. 485, 486, 489,495,
498, 505, 506, 5ns. 509, 510, 514.515,
510. 522. 527, 528, 532, 536, 538, 546,
517, 548, f,54, 651), 557. 558, 559, 560,
151,575. 577. 580, .>2. 587, 588, 590,
;V.H. 692. 597, 598. (504. 006, 607, 616,
<il7, li-.'.'i, ( '.27. 02*.. 034. c,:;7, 638, 640,
645,' 647, 050, 652. r,:,7. 058, 663, 6fi5,
666, 074. 075.07:'. 680, 682, 683, 684,
685, 686, ' '92. 094, 095. 098, 699, 7"o.
701, 704, 705, 707. 70S, 713, 714, 715,
710.
statistical summary of, 128.
Academy of Musi.-. 430.
Accidents, steamboat, statistics, 115.
Ai-itl springs. 320. 324. 325, 450. 593.
Acres of land. 1'V cos., At ., lo*.
by towns. 107. 177. !>.-,. 100, 207, 217.
222, 231, 2 4' i, 219. 256, 266, 278,294,
:;iio. 313, :;io. 32*. 335, 339, 350,364,
373. 38o. :;-7. 394. 4tiO. 417. 457, 472,
491, 5110.511. ;.lo, 529, 539. 543,551,
502. 5t:7. 571. 5s:;. 594. 599. 008,612,
618, 630, 64(>. t 18, t 53, 659, 669, 076,
687, C95. 709. 710. 721.
Adgate's 1'atmt, 4s. 311,349.
Adjutant (icni-ral. 43.
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 139.
Agrarian movement. See Anti Rc.nl.
Agricultural College, 616.
fairs, 101.
Hall. 27, 100.
Agricultural Implement manufactory, 100.
106, 199, 200. 21. 244, 24S, 260, 274.
280, 312. 302. 30s. 3S4. 387, 4on. 4ol.
405. 4' Hi. 4it7. 411. 410. 454,400.4*4,
4ss. 495. 5(19. 5 in, 530. 556,559,561,
571, 575, 598, 611, 017, 065, 6S1, 091,
693, 695, 699, 710.
products, counties excelling in, 103.
societies, town and county, S3, 102,
103, 575.
Society, 27, 101, 495.
Agriculture, appropriations for. 106.
statistics of, by cos., 104 to 107.
Albany Institute. 101, 161.
Aldermanic Districts. New Turk. 420.
Aliens, statistics of. by counties, 150.
Allen, Kbene/.cr, 384,398,402, 404, 400, 711.
Capt. Elteliezer. 300. 301.
Kthan, at Ticondcroga, 299, 305.
family murdered, 079.
Nathaniel, 498.
Alrnsli inses, 101. 305, 393, 398, 422. 425,
426, 509, 553.
Ambuscade. 345. 411, 401, 604, 671, 672.
American Anti Slavery Society. 146.
and Foreign Christian Union, 146.
Bethel Society. 140.
Bible Society, 144.
Board Commissioners for Foreign Mis-
sions. 145.
Colonization Society, 146.
Home Missionary Society, 146.
Institute, 435.
Seamen's Friend Society, 146.
Sunday School Union, 146.
Tract Society. 145.
Anlherst, Sir Jeffrey, 49, 29?, 337, 574,
673, 674.
Analyses of Mineral Waters, 248, 383, 394,
' 470. 480. 497, 537. 592, 607.
Anaquassacook Patent, 684.
Anchor manufactory, 297, 508. 510, 681.
Andre, Major .1.. 504, 541, 570, 603, 699,
700. 701. 703.
Andrustown pluadered, 342, 349.
Angier, Sieur, surveys by, 298.
Anne, Queen, Germans settle under, 242,
245.
Anniversary Week. N. Y., 144.
Anti masonic movement, 147, 323.
Mission Baptists, 139.
rent troubles, 157, 210, 242. 258, 259,
209, 322. 300, 553, 002, 621, 643.
Anti "Slavery Society, 146.
Antwerp Company, 353, 355,375.
Appel Patent, 585.
Apples, statistics of, by counties, 105.
Appling. Major I)., 355, 358, 525.
Appointing power. 31.
Aqueducts. 00, 165, 275, 397, 418, 424,
589. 597. OS9, 714.
Ararat, or resting place for Jews, 291.
Arcade. 403.
Architecture. 436. 437.
Argyle Patent. 079.
Armories, 44, 369, 437, 489, 580.
Armstrong. <ien. John. 270.
Arnold. Ken-dirt. 299,333, 335, 338.342.
410.504. 541. 542. 57o. i>7. 099. 7 on.
Arsenals, 44. 45. 105. 2*0. 312. 325. :;i;2. 309,
423. 437, 400, 495. 582, 602, 000.
Artesian v,>-ll*. 25. 302, 392, 424.
Artillery Patent, 681.
Asia, man-of-war, 438.
Asp:irirns culture. 544.
Assay Office. 122, 437.
Assembly, 28.
districts, 28.
As. rs, nil-lit-. power of Supervisors in. 30.
Associate Presbyterians and Associate Ke-
fonned Presbyterians, 139.
Aslor claim. Putnam Co., 541.
Library. 435.
Astronomical Instrument manufactory,
392.
Observatories. 101. 423.
Asylums. 42, 149. I'.is. 275.270, 305,370.
396, 39S, 4o:;, 412. 419, 425, 432, 4:;:;,
431. 40*. 4-::. 4ss. 51s. ,-,-j. ,-,,;,;.
Atlienenm, 36,8. 4o:;.
Attainder. See Fnrfdturc.
Attorney (Jcneral. 32.
Auditor of Canal Department, 54.
Auger manufactory, 593.
Avenues, New York City, plan of, 422.
Awl manufactory, 2*0.
Ax factories, loii. 220. 235, 286, 368, 402.
4s:;. 4s I. 55s. 593. 010, 668.
Axle manufactory, 235, 277, 668, 699.
Bakeries, statistics by counties, 109.
Bank note i nirraving. 80.
Banks, agencies of, 90.
commissioners, 90.
existing, list of, 90 to 95.
general article on, 89.
individual. 89.
obsolete and closing, 95 to 99.
savings. 99.
suspension of, 90.
1'niled States, 90.
Baptists, 139. 140.
Free Will, 140.
Old School, 139.
Seventh Day, 143.
Barley, counties where most raised, 101.
statistics by counties, 104.
trade, 159.
Barracks, 45, 239, 354, 358. 542. 555. 580.
Barrel manufactory, 220, 402, 488, 509,
518, 520, 522."
Barytes, sulphate of, 352, 356, 577, 600,
604, 698.
Ba-ket manufactory, 286.
P.aU'Ties, 423, 437, "565.
Batting manufactory, 464.
Battles, 219, 233. 234. 297, 305. 310. 342.
343, 345, 355, 358, 371, 410, 411. 43.8,
461, 478, 521, 525, 554, 656, 569, 574,
575. 580, 580, 002, 004. 007, 033, 643,
645. 661. 607. 071, 681, 698,701, 707.
B.-uim, Col., defeated, 586.
Ha yard's Patent, 601.
Bay of New York. 437.
Beaches. 544. 547, 550, 631, 634, 635, 636,
638, 639.
Beacons. See Lirjhthouses.
Beat-raft, a tory. 602.
Beans, statistics by counties, 105.
Beardsley, Purchase, 210.
Beck. Dr. T. Komeyn, 156, 160.
Becker's Patent, 603.
Bedini, Cardinal. 287.
Bedstead manufactory, 166. 291.
Beef, supply to New York City, 427. 42S.
Beekman's Patent, 209. 270, 276, 277.
Bell, attempt to steal, 343.
founderies. 106, 501.
Belletre, expedition of, 348.
Bellevue Hospital. 425.
Bellows manufactory, 286.
Belting manufactory. 199, 549.
Bemis Heights, 686,' 679.
Benevolent Societies, 81, 144, 370, 371,
403, 432.
Bennington. battle of, 554, 556, 580, 0*'0.
Bethel Society, 146.
Bible Societies. 141. 145. 370,403. 434. 4s9.
Big Tree Council. 322.
Billiard Table manufactory, 286.
Billop House, 505.
Manor. 501.
Bird, Col.. 699.
Bituminous springs, 168, 173
Blackberry culture. 703.
Blacking manufactory. 716.
Black Lead. 302, 303. 304.
manufactory. 297. 30 I.
Black llivcr Navigation Co.. 00.
Tract. 375.
Black P,.ick Plat. 288.
Blacksmith shops by counties, 109.
lilackiiiiths. numb r bv counties. 152.
Blackwells Island. 419, 425.
Plant-haul. Col., 072.
Blank Book manufactory. 286.
Blenheim Patent, 002. 603.
Blind, In-titutioii f,.r the. 432. 433.
statistics by counties. 150.
Blockhouses. 232. 297. 301. 310. 342. 343,
340. 356, 359. 407. 409. 470.511. 549.
577. 582, 591, 590, 004, 640, 081, 082.
0*7. 091.
Block manufactory. 308.
Bloomer eoslmne. origin of. 017.
Board of Agriculture, 102, 100.
I 'Miration. New York, 430.
Health. 116. 428.
Boatbuilding. 307, 402, 419, 616, 618. 057,
662, 686.
Bog iron ore, 25.
Boiler manufactory. 160, 286, 652.
Bolt manufactory, 100.
Bonaparte, Joseph, 363. 376.
Bonded warehouses, 111, 113.
Bone boiling. 372.
manure. 368.
pits. 361.453, 522.
Bony fish. 124, 631.
Bookbinderies, 160, 246, 286.
Book manufactory, 199.
Boon, Oerrit. 402, 468.
Boot and Shoe Makers, number by coun-
ties, 152.
Boot and Shoe manufac., 286, 402, 488, 590.
statistic by eo unties, 109.
Borough-. 590. 598,698, 706.
Boston Corner. IS.
Ten Town*. 18. 180, 199, 479, 650.
Botanical gardens. 370. 423, 430.
Bouck's Patent. Oo5.
Bouck. William C., 59.
Boundaries. 17. 258. 290, 308. 418, 5sr.
Boundary commissions. 18, 077.
controversies, 503, 545, 551, 700, 706.
Bourbon, reputed, 309.
Box manufactory, 286.
Boyd. LienK Win., 384.
Boylston Tract, 375.
Braddock's defeat, 671.
Bradford, William, 431.
Brad-treet. Col., 519.
Brantingham Tract, 375.
Brant. Joseph. 219. 204, 265. 283. 315. 34i,
343. 349. 409, 410. 412, 414, 454. 478.
503, 531. 538, 580, 004.
Brass f.undcry, 160, 286.
Breakwater, 280, 284.
Breathing well, so called, 190.
Breweries, 109, 100. 214, 237, 241. 275. 280,
307, 308, 383, 385, 399, 402, 406,419,
408. 483, 488, 509. 556, 561, 503, 598,
617, 657, 662 ; 691.
7
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Brick manufactory, by counties, 109.
manufactory of, 110, 160, 246, 286, 330,
331, 332, 398, 505, 542, 550, 563, 566,
508, 569, 598, 632, 639, 662, 666, 691,
696, 698, 699.
Brine springs, 26, 178, 181, 186, 197, 203,
257, 325, 327, 392, 395, 400, 449, 456,
473, 474, 478, 479, 482, 483, 512, 514,
515, 517, 522, 532, 619, 688.
Britannia Ware manufactory, 163, 286.
Brockville captured, 574.
Brooklyn Institute, 369.
Broom Corn, statistics by counties, 107.
culture of, 101, 220, 381, 407, 413, 595,
697, 600, 606.
Broom Handle manufactory, 590, 597.
manufactory, 243, 2S2, 413, 595, 597.
Brothertown Indiana, 465.
Brown, Col., 410, 416.
John, settlement of, 349.
Brown's Tract. 341, 349, 375, 379.
Brush manufactory, 286, 556.
plains, 631, 036.
Buckskin manufactory, 311, 317.
Buckwheat, quantity raised, 101, 104.
Building associations, 81, 366, 700.
Building stone, 26.
Buildings, public, New York City, 436, 437.
Bull, William, surveys by, 621.
liurgoyne, Gen., 164, 166, 233, 299, 461,
504, 554, 559, 586, 673, 679, 682, 685,
687.
Burial Case manufactory, 549.
Burial Places, New York City, 428.
See Rural Cemeteries.
BnriK-tsfieid Patent, 341, 344, 345, 346.
Burning of jail, Delaware county, 258.
of steamer Sir Robert Peel, 360.
springs, 208, 213, 214, 267, 491, 499,
C91.
Burr, Aaron, 404.
Busti, Paul, 322.
Butler, Col. John, 409, 410, 411, 415.
Walter X., 347, 4<J9. 410. 411, 415, 531.
Butler's Patent, 317, 605.
Butt and Hinge manufactory, 106
Buttermilk Channel, 419.
Falls. 505.
Butter, product by counties, IOC.
Byrne's Patent, 005, GS2.
Cabinet Jinking shops, by counties. 109.
Cabinet Ware manufactory, 203, 2S6, 368,
390. 402, 514. 51 5. 522, 523, 598, 618.
Cabinet of Natural History, 125, 126.
Calcareous tufa. 391, 717.
Calculating machine, 161.
Calico Printing. 293.
Cambridge Patent, 680.
Caniden Tract, 6S5.
Campbell's Patent, 079. 6S3.
Camphene manufactory, 368.
Canada, expeditions against, 240, 311, 358.
408, 493, 681, 6^'.
Canada, fortifications ill, 45.
Canadian canals, 119.
railways. 119.
trade, 117, 118.
Canal Appraisers, 54.
Black River, history of, CO, 61.
Board, 54.
boats, 58.
Cayuga & Seneca, history of, 62.
Celebration, 58, 59.
Champlain, history of, 60.
Chemung. history of. 52.
Chenango, history of, 60, 61.
Clearances, 56.
Commissioners. 54, 59.
Companies, 04, 356, 032. 642. 661.
Crooked Lake, history of. 62.
Delaware & Hudson, 63, 502. 506.
Department. Auditor of. 54.
distances, 59.
enlargement, 59, 60.
Krie, history of, 58.
feeders, 201, 218, 321, 389, 482, 484,
513, 620, 624, 645, 671.
Fund, 54.
general notice of, 54.
Genesee Valley, history of. 62, 63.
hydraulic. 359, 454, 455, 484. 524. 593,
637, 657.
Manhattan Island, 418.
natural. 575.
)neida Lake, history of, 01.
Canal Oswego, history of, 61, 62.
reservoirs, 60, 61, 173, 389, 390, 393.
statistics, 55, 56, 57, 58.
structures, 58.
tolls, 56, 57.
Canals, notices of, 156, 169, 171, 173, 179,
186, 187, 193, 198, 201, 203, 218,220,
221, 224, 226, 228, 230, 279, 280, 288,
293, 330, 341, 346, 375, 381, 384, 385,
387,388, 395, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403,
404, 407, 413, 420. 449, 451, 452, 455,
459, 466, 468, 469, 475, 482, 484, 488,
489, 492. 502, 491, 512, 513, 514, 515,
51S, 520, 523, 524, 526, 574, 581, 585,
587, 593, 598, 609, 610, 611. 614, 617,
642, 624, 654, 689, 690, 691, 693, 714,
718.
Canastota Tract, 47, 389.
Capital, State, 26, 27.
Car manufactory, 286, 395, 509, 571.
Wheel manufactory, 160, 273, 286, 509.
Mills, 462, 516, 608, 694, 695.
Carding Machines introduced, 683.
Card manufactory, 199.
Carillon Fort, 298.
Carleton, Major, 300.
Caroline steamer destroyed, 453.
Carpenters, by counties, 109, 152.
Carpet Bag manufactory, 510.
Carpet man ufactory, 199, 244, 275, 402, 407,
411, 468, 549, 686, 695, 707.
Carriage manufactory, 109, 160, 166, 228,
229, 237, 255, 275, 286, 346, 368, 399,
401, 402, 405, 411, 419, 463, 484, 487,
494, 496, 522, 548, 561, 575, 598, 657,
658, 683, 716.
Cartridge manufactory, 549.
Cary, Trumbull, and others, purchase by,
210.
Cascades, 20, 21, 22, 165, 203, 210. 227,
235, 239, 253, 255, 271, 300, 305, 310,
312, 320, 324, 326, 328, 333, 346, 352,
355, 360, 361, 374, 376, 377, 379, 383,
386. 390, 395, 401, 402, 419, 467, 474,
484, 486, 487, 505, 508, 514, 515, 517,
521, 523, 524, 526, 527, 532, 558, 560,
572, 579, 593, 597, 604, 605, 609, 611,
613, 616, 617, 618, 646, 654, 656, 657,
658, 664, 670, 674, 675, 715.
Cases before Court of Sessions, N.Y., 421.
r-i<-iltowu Manor, 564.
Castle Garden, 117, 427.
Castles of the Mohawks, 408.
Catholic Schools, New York, 431. See
Roman Catholics.
Catskilr Mountain House, 333.
Patent, 332.
Cattle market, 427.
statistics by counties, 106.
trade, 428.
Caughnawaga Indians 408.
Caves, 26, 155, 162, 163, 164, 302. 328, 351,
356, 360, 361, 362, 393. 416, 482,570,
600, 604, 606, 607, 666, 674, 675, 684.
Caynga Bridge, 199, 200.
Marshes, 03, 474.
Cazenove, Theophilus, 322.
Cement manufactury. See Waterliine.
Central American Educational Society,
146.
Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, 412.
Park, New York, 44, 423, 424.
Chain across the Hudson, 504, 505, 508,
509, 542.
Lake Champlain, at Ticonderoga, 299.
Chain Cable manufactory, 681.
Chair manufactory, 275, 282, 286, 343, 402,
402, 487, 527, 610.
Chamber of Commerce, 116, 436.
Chambers, Thomas, 661, 662, 664.
Chambly Canal, 119.
Champlain Lake, 297.
grants on, 298.
Champlain, Samuel, 233, 297, 477, 519.
Chandleries, 109, 286, 368, 419, 563, 567.
Channels of New York Harbor, 418.
Chapel, Queen Anne's, 413.
Charitable societies, 144, 247, 287, 403, 433,
434, 561.
Charity schools, 370, 431.
Charles III of Spain, grant to a New York
church, 435.
Charters, New York City, 418, 438.
to academies, 127.
Chase, Rev. Philander, 265.
Chasm, remarkable, in Clinton co., 238.
in Lewis co., 378.
Chassanis, Peter, Purchase, 353, 375, 377.
Cheesebox manufactory, 343. 347, 348.
Cheesecock's Patent, 503, 508. 568.
Cheese manufactory, 175, 416, 537.
product of, by counties, 107.
Chemical works. See Laboratories.
Chenango Tract, 47.
Triangle, 224.
Twenty Towns, 52, 224, 389.
Cherry Valley massacre, 410, 531.
Patent, 532.
Chevaux de frise, 542.
Children's Aid Society, 370, 403, 434.
Hospital, 432.
Chinese, early trade with, 162.
Cholera, 308.
Christian Association, 146.
Connexion, 140.
Unions, 146, 147.
Cryslers Field, 311.
Churches, general article on, 139 to 144.
New York, 434, 435.
Church, John B., and Philip, 169.
property controversy, 27.
Tract, 321.
Cider, product by counties, 105
Cigar manufactories. See Tobacco.
Cincinnati, Society of, 434.
Ciscoes, fishery of. 359
Cities, officers of, 31.
City Courts, 34.
Halls, 156, 160, 246, 275, 365, 369,403,
423, 436, 468, 488, 524.
Inspector's Department, N. Y., 427.
Park, Brooklyn, 369.
Railroads, 367, 368, 429.
Schools, 160, 199, 246, 275, 286, 369, 403,
429, 430, 468, 488, 524, 560, 598.
Clark, P,ev. Thomas, 685, 686.
Willis and Lewis G., 486.
Clarke, Miss Sara J., 487.
Claus, Colonel Daniel, 315, 409, 412.
Clearances on Northern lakes, 118.
Cltariug-IIouse Association, N. Y., 436.
Clendening Valley Aqueduct, 424.
Clergymen, number by counties, 151.
property of, exempt from taxes, 48.
Clerks' offices. See County Buildings.
Clermont, steamboat, 162, 521.
Clifton Park Patent, 585, 5S7.
Mine, 572.
Clinton, Charles, 510.
College, Fairfield, 343.
Clinton, De Witt, 58, 59, 102, 481, 506, 549.
George, 274, 276.
Sir Henry, 504, 664, 699.
General James, 410, 412, 531, 536.
Prison, 41, 238
Purchase, 224.
Township, 47.
Clock manufactory, 638.
Clover mill, 350.
Cloves of the Catskilla, 329, 334.
Coachmakers, number by counties, 151.
Coal formations, 329, 619.
mining for, 178, 407.
Oil manufactory, 367.
trade, 220, 488, 618, 624, 655, 657, 661,
662, 663, 664.
Coasting trade, statistics of, 115, 116.
Coast Survey, 23, 121.
Coffee and Spice manufactory, 368.
Colden, Cadwallader, 508, 546.
Tract. 341, 343, 344, 345, 348.
Collar and Bosom manufactory, 657.
Collection districts, coasting trade by, 115.
general article on, 111.
Northern frontier, 117, 118
ship building by, 115
tonnage by, 112.
Collectors on canals, 54.
Collect Pond, N. Y., 418.
Colleges, general article upon, 125.
notices of, 48, 125, 126, ICO, 161, 188,
220, 252, 343, 384, 391, 403, 419, 430,
431, 455, 464, 498, 546, 560, 564, 575,
598, 610, 616, 657, 707.
tabular list and statistics of, 126, 127
Colonial history, 125.
Colonization Society. 146.
Colored Home, 425, 426.
schools, 136.
statistics of, by counties. 150.
Color manufactory, 272, 373.'
Comb manufactory, 272, 286.
Commerce, foreign, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,
162, 247, 367, 418, 436, 438, 639.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Commerce, lake, 118, 119, 208, 214, 237, 239,
280, 285, 352, 395, 399, 402, 403, 452,
517, 518, 520, 524, 525, 5SO, 5S2, 657.
river, 156, 246, 268, 274, 276, 285, 330,
332, 502, 509, 561, 580, 581, 620, 652,
661, 662, 663, 664, 666, 699.
Commercial colleges, 287, 431. 4-'.i.
Ctiiniiiissioiiers of Canal Fund, 54.
for taking acknowledgment of ueeds,
35.
of Emigration, 117, 419, 420, 427, 549.
of Excise, 30.
of Health, 116.
of Highways, 39.
of Laud Office, 46. 53.
Common Councils of cities, 31, 420.
Communities, 293, 405.
Comptroller, 32.
Confectioneries, 286.
Congregational Churches, 140.
Methodist Church, 140.
Congress, Continental, 565.
first meeting in New York, 43S.
first Colonial, 162.
Connecticut Tract, 321, 513.
Constable's Towns, 375.
Contracting Board, 54.
Contributions to aid Schenectady, 599.
Controversy in Dutch Church, 275.
Couvi-ntiou for adopting U. S. Const., 276.
Hartford, 48, 52.
Hempstead, 544, 545.
Kingston, 664.
Provincial, 209, 272, 276.
Conventions at Syracuse, 488.
Convents, 419, 431, 434, 701.
Convictions, statistics of, 36, 421.
Cooper Institute, 435.
Cooper, .7. Fenimore, 536.
Cooperages. 286, 514, 691.
Coopers, number by counties, 151.
Copperas, 305.
manufactory, 575.
Copper coinage, 509.
ores, 25, 267, 340, 575, 577, 579, 660, 704.
Corn, statistics of, 101, 104.
Cornplanter, an Indian chief, 410,414.
Cornwall county, 18.
Coroners, 35, 427.
Cortland Manor, 705, 706, 708.
Corporations, general article on, 80.
Cosby's Manor and Patent, 341, 344, 34S,
469.
Cotringer Tract, 321.
Cotton manufactory, 110, 166, 216, 228,
Jil. 247, 248, 253, 271,274. 27''., 293,
334, 346. 347, 348, 352, 356, 360, 362,
368, Hi2. 464, 465, 466, 468, 471, 504,
509, 510, 525, 527, 532, 533, 534, 535,
536, 53S, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561,
5C9, 571, 584, 590, 591, 598, 605, 634,
638, 662, 666, 682.
Councils, Indian, 322, 344, 414.
Council of Appointment, 31.
of Revision, 31.
of Safety, 601.
Country Roads, Suffolk co., 632.
Country seats, 272, 275, 276, 664, 690, 703,
7'J4, 707, 708.
County buildings, 156, 160, 168, 179, 186,
198, 208, 218, 223, 232, 241, 251, 258,
268, 280, 297, 307, 314, 320, 330, 337,
341, 352, 365, 375, 381, 388, 396, 407,
451, 458, 475, 492, 502, 512, 518, 530,
540, 544, 553, 563, 568, 573, 584, 595,
600, 609, 614, 620, 632, 642, 649, 654,
661, 671, 678, 689, 697, 710, 717.
Clerk, 35.
courts, 34.
Superintendent, 137.
Treasurer, 36.
Courts of admiralty, 117.
of Appeals, 33.
for Trial of Impeachments, 33.
New York City, 428.
of oycr and terminer, 35.
of sessions, 35.
State, 33.
United States, 33.
of Wiltwyck, ancient, 663.
Courtenay, E. H., 368.
Coverlet manufactory, 695.
Cowbell manufactory, 283.
Cowboys, 333, 698.
Cowen, Eseck., 592.
Cows, number by counties, 106.
Craigie Tract, 321.
Cranberry swamp, 528, 618.
Cratean lakes, Onon. co., 26, 474, 482, 484.
Cricket grounds, 423.
Crime of New York City, 421.
Criminal convictions, 35, 36.
courts. 35.
statistics, 425.
Crosby, Enoch, 541.
Croton Aqueduct, 418, 422, 424, 697, 706,
707, 708.
Valley surveyed, 424.
Crown Point, fort at, 297, 298, 299, 673.
Crumhorn Mountain Tract, 125.
Crystal palace, 423, 424.
"uck, George, a tory, 414.
umberland Bay, naval victory in, 234.
Currents of rivers reversed, 304, 579.
ustomhouses, 119, 120, 239, 247, 286, 355,
356, 436, 524, 580. 638.
Cutlery manufactory, 246, 508.
Dairying, product of. See Acres, <c.
Dakin Ore Bed, 273.
D'Alainville, seigniory of, 29S
Dam, State, 678.
Deaf and dumb, statistics by counties, 150.
Asylum, 419, 432. 433.
Deane's Patent, 48, 235. 471.
Deaths, New York, totals. 4.N.
of Holland Co. proprietors, 322.
Do Bruyn, John Hendrick, Patent of, 247.
Debt of N. Y. to U. S., Revolutionary, 45.
Debtors, imprisoned. 42.
De Courcelles, expedition of, 408.
Deep Spring, so called, 4S4.
Deeds, acknowledgment of, 35.
Degrees conferred by Regents, 125.
De Lanccy's corps, 551.
De Lancey, James, 701, 705.
Patent of, 413.
De la Barre's expedition. 358.
Delaware & Hudson Canal, 63, 642, 661,
662, 664, 666, 668.
Delliu's Patent, 6S2.
De Nonville, expedition of, 493, 499.
Dentists' Gold manufactory, 368.
Deuton, Rev. Richard, 547.
Depots, 403, 561.
Deserters executed, 412, 536.
De Tracy's expedition, 408.
De Veaux, Samuel, 455.
Devcndorf, Jacob, scalped, 416.
Devil's Hole, event at, 452, 453.
De Vries. D. P., 564.
Dewitt. Simeon, 58, 657.
Die manufactory. .">'':;.
-Cieskau, Baron, 298, 071, 672.
Dikes, 077.
Diluvial valleys, 361.
Dioceses of New York, 142. 143.
Dionondahowa Falls, 680, C,>3.
Disciples of Christ, 140.
Dise's Manor, 604.
Dispensaries, 2S7, 370, 432.
Distances by canals, 59 to 64.
by railroads, 66 to 73.
Distilleries, 160, 19S, 199, 201, 213, 214,
286, 344, 367, 368, 384, 3R5, 391, 398,
401, 406, 454, 462, 467, 4S3, 4s4, 4
497, 515, 535, 561, 593, 017, 618, 691,
693, 699.
Distributing post offices, 123, 652.
District attorneys, 35.
libraries, 135.
school meetings, 135.
Districts, aldermanic, 420.
Assembly, 28.
collection. See Customhouses.
judicial, 33, 34.
military, 43.
Senatorial, 28.
of Tryon co., early, 409.
Divisions, Colonial, Dutchess co., 269.
Docks, 367. ,
Dolomite, 41, 267, 699.
Domestic manufactures by counties. See
Acres, etc.
Dongan, Governor, 564.
Dover Stone Church, so called, 271.
Door factory, 188.
Dorfs of Palatinates, 601.
Downie, Commodore, 234.
Downing, A. J., 708.
Doxtadcr, Tory, 411, ij.6, C02, 607.
Dressmakers, number by counties, 151.
Drouth, 352.
Drowned Lands, 501. 506. 507, 510, 511.
Drug manufactory, 275.
Dry docks. 45, 308, 618.
Dry goods, statistics of, 113.
Duane, Colonel, 410.
Dubois, Bishop, school founded by, 360.
Colonel, 410.
Dudley Observatory, 161.
Duel, 358.
Duerville Patent, 235.
Duke of Gloucester, 574.
Dukes county ,.18.
Dutch, policy of, toward Indians, 408.
settlements by, 306, 408, 437, 503, 601,
663, 667.
Duties on salt, 54.
Duties, receipts from, 111, 113, 114.
Dwellings, number and kind of, 108.
Dwight, Francis, 137.
Dyed Stuffs manufac/Ty, 373, 563.
works, 293, 4G5, 5i.*5, 706.
Earl of Moira. 574.
Earthen Ware manufactory, 198, 286, 499,
668.
Eastou's Patent, 466.
Eaton, Amos, 24.
Ebenezer Society, 293
Edge Tool manufactory, 166, 235. 286, 300,
347, 393, 395, 402, 486, 590.
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, 269, 5f4.
Edmestou, Col., 533.
Elections. New York, 420.
canvass of, 30.
Inspectors of, 40.
military. 44.
Electors, census of, 31.
Elephant, fossil remains of, 163.
Elevations above tide, 19 to 22.
Delaware co., 257.
StrllK'Il CO.. (Jl9.
Washington co., 677.
Elevators, 2 ( J3, 356, 399. 525.
Eleven Towns on Black River, so called,
353, 355, 357, 358. 361. 362, 375.
Elias, officers of the ship. 564.
Elk, domestication of, 192.
Ellicott, Joseph. 322.
Embargo, 233. 247, 35G, 357, 643.
Emery manufactory, 546.
Emigration. See Commissioners of Emi-
gration.
Emigrant homes, 427.
Eiiiiii"iis. I',., analysis by. 324.
geologist of Second District. 24.
Encroachment upon N. Y. Harbor, 46.
Endowment of Union College. 598.
Engineers, Canal. 54.
English comjucst, 438.
Engraving, 2s' f >.
Entries of vessels at New York. 112.
Epidemic. 301, 579.
Erie Canal. See Canals.
Basin. 284.
Escheats, is.
Esopus, enemy advance to. 504.
Evacuation Day, 437, 438.
Evangelical Lutheran Church, 140.
Evans, David E., 322.
Evan's Patent. 503.
Evans, William, bequest of, 393
Evening schools, 430.
Exchange building, 160.
Excise, Commissioners of. 36.
Executive Department, N. Y. City, 420.
State, 19.
Expeditious against Canada. See C-inwlo.
Expi.rts, Canadian, 118.
total New York, since 1701, 112 114.
Eye and Ear Infirmaries, 370, 432.
Fairs. Colonial, 101.
State, and other, 102, 269, 706
Fall Hill Patent, 341, 343, 346.
Families, number of, by counties. Puo
Acres, tc.
Fancy Goods manufactory, 455.
Fanning Mill manufactory. 618, 691, o92.
Farms, number of. by counties, 10S, 151.
Farrett, James, agent of Earl of Stirling,
633, 635, 637, 639.
Federalist (the) newspaper articles, 276.
Feldspar, 267, 671, 674.
Females, Asylum for. 433, 488.
Female Guardian Society. 433.
Seminaries. See Academies.
Ferries, general act, ami list of, 82.
notices of. 200, 24o, 249, 271, 27i, 275,
276, 277, 356, 367, 420, 428, 450, 509,
546, 555. 563, 570, 580, 036, 664. 6C6,
699, 700, 704.
10
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Fertilizers, 631.
Feudal privileges, 242.
Fever, 425.
Field notes of Holland Land Co.. 322.
File manufactory, 271, 275, 510, 571.
Fillmore, Millard, 203, 206, 2S3.
Finance Department New York City, 420.
Fire arms first known to Indians in Xew
York, 297.
Fire Brick manufactory, 26, 468, 563, 567,
699.
Departments, 275, 369, 422. 423, 424.
destructive, 83, 162, 362, 438, 468, 561,
575, 593, 652, 682.
Engine manufactory, 402, 593, 617.
Insurance, 83, 436.
Wardens, 423.
in the woods, 631.
Fish Manures, 631, 632, 638, 639.
preservation of, 124.
Fisher, Col. Frederick, 415.
Fisheries, 18, 46. 124, 232, 247, 357, 359,
427, 520. 644, 550, 632, 634, 636, 637,
641, 701.
Fitch. Dr. Asa, 27.
John, 82, 418.
Five Dutch Towns of Kings co., 366.
Flagg, Azariah C., 137.
Flagging Stone. 2<i, 197, 204, 205, 223, 267,
329, 332, 381, 385, 449, 454, 491, 512,
515. 581. 660. 663, 664, 666, 717.
Flax culture. 555, 558, 680, 686.
statistics of lint and seed, by cos., 106.
mills, 368, 558, 569.
Floating liattery, 45.
Flour manufactory, 160, 169, 170, 172. 173,
17U. T.i ;. l!ii. I'.i'.i. 2(i'J, 2n3. 2115.211.
212, 213. 214, 216,220. 221. 222. 22<;.
238, 246. 24, 259. 271. 272. 273. 274,
276, 2M1. :i24. :;2.1, 328, 346, 3
362, 385, 390, 392, 395, 400, 401, 402,
4n.-,. 4i Hi, 413, 454, 405, 468, 481, 482,
4*4, 497, 514. 516, 518, 520, 521. .V22,
524. 52:., 527, 528, 534, 536,
561. 622,575, 593, 610, 6li, 1.12. M7.
618,623,625, 626, 627,629, 634, 651,
i. ,2, n.V>, 657,658. 117;,. <;*2. 683, 685,
690, 691, 694, 695, 712, 713, 715.
Flower culture. ;.4-, 54'.).
Floyd, Col. Kichard. 634.
Gen. William. 463, 471, 634.
Fonda, Douw. 415.
Foote, Stillman. 271.
Forrest. Edwin, 7n*.
Fe.rfeitures. 4*. :;i ;. :;irt. 342. 347, r.4<*. 540.
f.4l. Oo2. r.'.is. 7,1.1. 7H2, 704, 70S.
Forges. 2:,. 2:::.. 238, 2:;;i. 24o. 2:17. 34
4ii.-,, 4*2, 504, 508, 582, 681, 686,
694
Fork manufactory, 229, 390, 416, 487, i
S36. 575, C17.
Forman. Joshua, 58.
Fortifications, general notice of, 45.
tabular list of. 45.
Fort Hrewerton. 4*1. 522.
Clinton. 503. 504.
Columbus. 419.
Dayton. 342. 345.
Diamond, 373.
K.I ward. 298, 682.
Frederick. 2' '7.
Gibson, 419.
Hamilton, 373.
Herkinicr. 342. 345.
Ilouc. 417.
Hunter, 408. 413.
Independence, 699.
Jay. 41'.i.
Johnson. 315. 412.
La Fa.vi-tte, 373, 699.
Levi. 574.
Lyman. 20S. 671. 672.
Miller. 591.
Moiitiromi ,-y. 1*.4'>. 237, 503, 504. 505.
Niagara. 4T.2.
Plain. 410. 414.
Porter. 2*ii.
Putnam. 504, 505.
Orange, 156.
Richmond, 565.
Schuyler, 345, 410, 461, 467, 469. 586,
70'.;.
Slongo, 638.
Stanwix. 166. 461,467.
Sullivan. 219.
Tompkins. 565.
Wood. 419.
William Henry, 298, 672.
Forts, Canadian, 45.
notices of, 45,156.157, 162, 163, 166, 206,
219, 220, 221, 237, 264, 274, 275, 277,
286, 297, 298, 299, 301, 304, 305, 327,
342, 344, 353, 356, 358, 373, 393, 408,
409, 410, 412. 413, 414,415, 416, 417,
419, 437, 452, 453, 460, 461, 467, 469,
478, 499, 503, 504, 505, 519, 525, 542,
546, 551, 559, 564, 565, 569, 574, 596,
598, 599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 634. 664,
673, 679, 681, 682, 700, 707.
Forty Thousand Acre Tract, 321.
Founderies, 160, 189, 193,201, 206, 227, 237,
239, 240, 244, 246, 248, 272, 277, 286,
344, 356, 367, 391, 400, 401, 405, 454,
465, 466, 470, 484, 487, 488, 506, 509,
510, 515, 521, 525, 533, 534, 535, 536,
542. 549, 556, 557, 558, 569, 570, 591,
593, 604, 605, 606, 607, 610, 611, 615,
617, 618. 622, 625, 627, 647, 656, 657,
694, 702, 705, 707, 708, 715.
Fountains, 362, 423.
Fowling, 544, 634.
Fox, George, 546.
Hall Manor, 49, 662, 663.
Franciscan College, 188.
Franklin Institute, Syracuse, 489.
Frauds, 308, 311, 362.
Free Academy. New York, 429, 430.
Freeholders, number of. See Acres, <fc.
Free Masons, 147.
Free Schools. 137, 138, 701, 708.
Freest.. ne. 5i;*. 570.
French cede Canada to Great Britain, 299.
colonization, 353.
colon ]><. 224.
defeat of. 4o',i.
fortitirations. 2'.<7. 519.
grants on l.ak,- champlain, 233, 298.
mis-i'.n-. 477, 580.
posts. 2'.)*.
I'rote-tants, 371, 546.
s. ul.-nients. 204, 301. 363, 375, 376,
377,378,454. 477. 478,546.
surrender. 574.
traces of. 457,477,482.
Tract. 221.
War. See U'n: French.
Freshets, 157, 1'.2. 165, 302, 329, 558, 613,
644, 682, 683.
Friend-. 142. 360.
cemetery. :;71.
mission estaMished by. 187, 195.
Frigates on Lake Ontario, 358.
KriMieH's 1'ati lit, 50.
Frontiers. 2','7.
Froii'i -nar. expedition of, 408, 478.
Fort. 519.
Fruit culture. 19S. 205. r.27. 395, 402, 456,
4.14. 4-1. i'.'7. .'.12. 54(5, 569, 570, 609,
c.ol. r,i '.2. 6S8. ' 89. 696, Vo:;, 706.
Fur Company. Noitli Western, 525.
dlV--ll>L 3( 1,
trade. 232.
Fulton, Robert, 83.
Funds, lands belonging to, 46. 47.
Furnaces, ]o'.i. VX>. }>.<*.. 2"2. 211, 212, 214,
220. 22x 2:;:,. 2:;*. 244. 245. 247, 270,
27:;. 2*2. 2*'.>. 2"1. 2i':;. 32-'.. 356, SCO,
368, 382i 383. 385, ::*)'.. :;'.MI. :;'.i3. :;'.is.
399, 400. 402. 40"-,. 4o*.4.2. 466,471,
4*4. 508, :.14, 515. 522, 538. 577. f,:,7,
(,*2. 690, ''.'.'I, 692. 693. 695.
Furniture, lo'.i. 2*0. 291, :y,2.36S, 402, 4S8,
514. 5i:>, 522. 523, 618.
makers, by counties. 152.
Gage's Patent. 50.
Game, protection of. 30.
Gananoiiui. expedition against, .".'if.
Gansevoort. Col. I'eter. 4ol. 47s. 014.
ilaideau Tract. 711.
Gardening. 101. 365, 398, 399, 501. 544.546,
547. 54S, 54'. i. 068. 571, 696, 706.
Garden Seeds. 214. 243. CSO.
Gardner, Lynn, 635, 638.
Garlock, John Christian. 409.
Garnets;. 407.
Gaslight manufactory, SO, 317, 368, 424,
5t>3, 6'.i:;.
springs. 26. 186, 203, 208. 213, 214, 236,
2'>7. :;!<>, :'.25. 3*5. 3*0,456, 402. 4'.U.
499, 555, o'.'.t. -V-2. M 7. 015, 691.720.
Gate rights, so called. 550.
Gauntlet, running of the. 452.
Gaylord, Willis, 486.
Geddes. .lame-. 58, 5'.'. 479. 483.
George, 00. 474. 4*2.
General Assembly, 698.
Court, 635, 640.
Genesee Falls Portage, 386, 710.
Tariff, 322.
Genet, Edmund C., 555.
Geographical and Statistical Society, 436.
Geological survey, 24.
Hall, 27, 160.
George III, statue of, 423, 438.
German Flats, 342, 344, 410.
Methodists. 141.
Ghent, treaty of, 18.
Gibbs, the pirate, 419.
Gilliland, William, 299, 300, 301, 305.
Ginseng trade, 415, 469.
Glass manufactory, 164, 240, 291, 355, 368,
462, 470, 517, 521, 549, 558, 589, 641,
644, 668, 691.
Glebes. 344, 566, 571, 607, 699.
Glen's Purchase, 341, 343, 345, 346, 585.
Glove and Mitten manufactory, 2*6, 311,
314, 317, 318.
Glue manufactory, 286, 368, 398.
Goat Island, 455.
Gold Beating, 286.
Gold Pen manufactory, 368.
Gold and Silver Refining, 368.
Gore Tracts. 224, 203, 690.
Gospel and School Lands, 47, 135, 250, 574.
Governor, powers, qualifications, ic., 31.
Governors Island, forts on, 419.
Purchase. See Chenango.
Grain, amount by towns. See Acres, &c.
cradle manufactory, 484, 510.
destroyed, 264.
excellence of the several counties in,
101.
trade. Buffalo, 285.
Grand Island Tract, 290.
Granger, Gideon, 495.
Grape culture, 101,497,628, 699.
Graphite. 26, 267, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303,
3(4. 337, 338, :;lo. 540. 670, 671, 685.
- . d. l-ullivan co., 641.
Great .Nine Partners' Tract, 269. 277.
Green, Col.. 70S.
Griffin, rii-.-t vess.-l on upper lakes, 452, 455.
Grindstone manufactory, 168, 223. 471.
Gristmills, number by counties, 109.
See Fli'in- nimtnjiirtiii-fi.
Grocers, number by counties, 152.
Guano manufactory, c.37. 639.
Gun niHmif.ictor\. 21ii, 286, 699.
barrel manufactory, 655.
Gunpowder explosion. 439.
Guthrie, Dr. Samuel, 359.
Gutta I'eivha Belting manufactory, 549.
Guy Park. 412.
Gypsum. 26. 110, 197, 203. 320, 326,340, 388,
3! 12. 3U3. 394, 395,398, 406, 458, 469,
47".. 4-n. 4*1, 4*2. 484, 4*5, 4U1, 497,
013, 014, 617, 688, 690.
Haile. Gen., 577.
Mald.-rnan, Gen., 300.
Half-Moon Patent, 585.
Point. 5!i.3.
Orphan A-ylnm. N. Y., 433.
Hall, James, Paleontologist and Geologist
of the Fourth District, 24.
Hall. X.K.. 283.
Hall of Records X. Y., 123, 437.
Halls of Justice X. Y.. 426, 437.
Hame manufactory, 229.
Hamilton, Alexander, 125, 270.
College Telescope. 3'. '2.
Hammer manufactory. 22*.
Hammond. Jabez D., 137.
Hampton, (on. Wade. 234, 310.
Harbor at Black Rock, 288.
Buffalo. 284.
encroachment X. Y., 46, 418.
Hill. Ro-lyn. 050.
masters. 110.
New York. 41S.
Harbors on the lakes, 22.
Hardenburgh Patent. 258. 331. 600, 663.
Hardware manufactory, 216, 2S6, 471, 488.
Harlem Canal, 418.
Harness mamifactory. by counties, 109.
Harper Patent. :.o. 224. '
Harper. Col.. 316, 410, 624.
Robert. 225.
IIarpT>rield burned. 410.
Harrisoff. Charles. 349.
Harrison'^ Patent. 50.
Ilartfopl Convention. 18, 180.
Hartmau. John A., 345.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
11
Hartwick Patent, 533.
Hasenclever's Patent, 341, 345, 34S.
Uat manufactory, 100, 198, 247, 286, 368,
510, 707.
by counties. 1"9.
Hawley, Gideon, 13*~, 605.
Jesse, 58.
Hay, 101, 163, 241, 331. 332, 547, 554, 665.
product by counties, 1U4.
Head Quarters of Washington, Newburgh,
509.
Health Commissioner, 428.
Officer. 110, 42S.
Public, 110, 427, 42S.
Heathcote, Caleb, 701, 702, 703.
Height of mountains, table of, 19.
lakes and rivers, 20, 22.
Hellgiite, 548, 549.
Henderson's Patent, 341, 348.
Hendrick, King, 2'.is. :;43. 071.
lleiiuejjiii. Father, 452. 405.
Ilenrv Clay st'-amer burned. 708.
Herkirner, Gen. N., 264, 343, 345, 409, 410,
461, 53S.
High Bridge, 424, 707.
High Falls'on Black Hiver, 379.
Highlanders, Scotch, 316.
Highlands of the Hudson. 501. 542.
High Rock Spring, Saratoga, 592.
Highways. '''.'.
Historical Society N. Y.. 4:1").
Hoe manufactory. 200, 229, 390, 537, 557,
571. 575. 5'JO.
Hoffman, age.l US. 20fi.
Holland Land Co., 52, 169, 187, 210, 2SO,
288, 321. :;22. 402,408,515, 516.
agent of, 322, 39U.
co. buildings erected by, 320.
names of members, 321.
Patent, 467.
Purchase, 280. 46S, 513.
Holley, Myron, 59.
'iome A-s.,r.ati. n. 4ss.
Home Mi-Mons. 146.
Homeopathic Medical Societies, 149.
Homestead exemption, 4s 1 .
Honey, product by counties, 106.
Hiinsick Patent, 556.
Hop culture, lol. 22:1. 2::n. 340, r.sS, 412,
414, 45S, 530, 537. 600, 003, 600, 607
Hops, product by counties, 105.
Horse mill, 373.
races, colonial. 546.
Rake manufactory, 716.
Shoe manufactory. 235, 300.
Horses, association for improving breed of,
83.
killed by Sullivan, 221.
statistics of, by counties, 107.
Horticultural Society, Brooklyn, 370.
Hosiery manufactory, 166, 561, 617.
Hospitals. 120, 101. 2*7, 300, 365, 31 8, 370,
404, 419, 420, 425, 426, 427, 432, 505,
524. 555, 561, 565, 702.
House of Industry, 433, 434.
of Refuge, 42, 404, 420, 425.
Lord, death of, 298.
Huddlestone executed as a spy, 276.
Hudson, Hendrick, 156, 437, 559, 564.
Huguenot settlements, 269, 503, 564, 661,
663, 665, 703.
Hunter Lodges, 354.
Road, 642.
grounds, 232, 636.
Huntersfield Patent, 607.
Hurley Patent. 663.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne, 704, 705.
Hypersthene rock, 296, 346.
Ice, 162, ISO, 365, 419, 484, 569, 663, 703.
Idiotic, statistics of, by counties, 150.
Asylum for the, 483, 488.
Illiterate, statistics of, by counties, 150.
Immigration, general statistics of, 122.
Impeachment, 33.
Imports, Canadian, 118.
total, since 1700, 112, 114.
Inclined planes on rail roads, 67.
Independence, Declaration of, 244, 697.
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 149.
India Rubber manufactory, 419, 546.
Indian antiquities, 180, 181, 188, 194, 200,
202, 203, 200, 220, 253, 260, 264, 283,
293, 327, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 393,
412. 414, 453, 458, 482, 493, 494, 498,
4'J'J, 513. 510, 534, 551, 559, 588, 593,
O.i.'., 610, till-, 044, 679. 704, 705.
Indian disguise worn by anti-renters, 258.
hung for murder, 198.
invasions. 165, ISO, 210, 260, 262, 264,
297, 331. 334, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346,
347,349. :;72. 4ns, 410. 411. 412, 414,
415, 416, 417, 461, 467, 477, 493, 503,
531, 533, 535, 564, 596, 597, 602, 604,
607, 60S, 642, 661, 662,, 664 668, 679,
705, 708.
Indian 1'urcha-rs. 40, 48, 180, 187, 224,
233, 242. 243, 25s, 201. 270, 322, 332,
389, 394. 3its, 4:i7, 47s. 499, 545, 551,
596, 634, 635, 638, 639, 698, 700, 701,
703, 705, 707, 708.
reservations, 48, 53, 187, 280, 308,309,
311, 322, 324, 327, 353, 382, :M, 385,
389, 3U3, 402, 402, 409, 478, 483, 485,
580.
Pass, 303.
settlements, ISO, 187, 210, 274, 287,
308, 322, 382, 389, 393, 408, 415, 452,
458, 465, 473, 470, 4s;;, 4'.i:i, 495, 49S,
499, 557, 659, 574, 580, 001, 632, 633,
637, 638, 655, 678.
statistics, 151.
trade. 157. 102, 415, 452, 4s5, 682.
tradition of, 458, 477. 4^2. 493.
tribes on Long Island, 032, 034
Indians at Mnutaiik. 635.
Industrial schools, liil, 370,404.
Inebriate Asylum, 180.
Infirmaries, 370.
Ink manufactory. 593.
Inland Steam Nav. Companies, list of. 82.
Inman's Triangle, 375.
Inn Keepers, by counties, 102.
Insane. >tatistii-s of, by counties, 150.
statistics of. 4i'.'.i.
,-rr Liniiilic .tsi/lum.
Insects in grain. ::j".
Inspection of steamboats, 115.
of vessels, 42s.
Inspector, City, 427.
Insurance companies, 81, 83, 436.
obsolete, list. SO to 89.
rates lowered by Croton, 424.
Intermitting spiiiu. 310.
Invasions, hostile, 180, 2"'.i. 232, 234, 236,
260, 21.2, 204. -JSIP. 2ss, 2-;m. 297,299,
308, 310, 311, 312, 316, 331, 334, 342,
344, 345. 346, 347, 349, 354, 355, 356,
358,389,305.372. 4n4. 4ns. 41". 411,
412, 413. 414, 415, 410, 417,402. 4'.",
401. 407, 477, 47 S, 503, 504. 513,519,
525 531, 554, 556, 0..4. 569.574, 578,
57'.'. Osu, 0-7. 596, 597, 599, 002, 604,
607, 608, 624, 633, 034. 639, 642, 643,
661, 662. 671, 679, 681, 682, 094.
Iron bridire, 4"7.
manufactory. 41, 110. 106. 220, 232, 235,
20... 238, 211. 240. 240, 210. 201. 270,
271', 27:;. 270. -70, 2s6, 296, 2'.'7. 31 0,
301,302, 303, 304, 305, 31 u, 349. 302,
300. :;r,l. :;.,_. :,.,.;. U95, 419, 462, 464,
471, 501, 508, 510, 521, 533, 535, 549,
561. 573, 575, 577, 579, 580, 582, 617,
602. OM;. Mis. r.si. r.'jfi.
ores, 19, 21. 20, 100, 165, 186, 218. 232,
235, 236, 237, 241. 243, 24f . 267, 270,
27 1 . 27::. 277, 2!io. 2H7, 300, 301, 302,
303, 304, 305, 307, 310, 311, 312, 337,
:;ls, :;49, 352, 355, 360, 361, 374. 376,
377, 378. 388, 392, 395, 40s, 4,4. 47",
471, 501, 517, 521, 528, 540, 542, 543,
563, 572, 575. 577. 581, 582, 589, 600,
670, 674, 675, 680, 692, 693, 695, 717.
Iron sand, 297, 340, 349, 374.
Ives, L. S., 380.
Ivory Black manufactory, 368, 563.
Jail limits, Jefferson co.. 352.
Jails. See County Buildings.
Japannsd Cloth manufactory, 368.
Ware manufactory, 286.
Jay Ore Bed, 581.
Treaty, 519.
Jemison, Mary, the white woman, 711, 712.
Jersey City, relations with New York, 429.
Jerseyfield Patent. 341, 347, 348.
Jervis, John B., 423.
Jesuit missions, 408, 415, 477, 519.
Jews, attempt to collect, 290.
Jogues, Father, 435, 477.
Johnson Hall, 316, 318, 409.
Guy, 315, 341, 346, 409, 412.
Sir John. 300, 315, 316, 409, 410, 413,
410, 602, 605.
Johnson, Sir William, 298, 315, 317, 318,
343, 348, 409, 412, 452, 512, 592, 671,
672*
Indian children of, 315, 348.
Johnston, Bill, 360.
Joncaire. , French adventurer, 452.
Jones, Samuel, charity fund, 549, 550.
Judicial Department, 33, 428.
districts, 34.
Julia, encounter of the schooner, 574.
Junction Canal Company, 218.
.luri-diction, 18, 33, 34, 418.
Justices' courts, 34.
Juvenile delinquents, 42, 420.
Asylum, 433.
Kakiate Patent, 568.
Kane brothers, 412, 409.
Kaolin, 301, 675.
Kast's Patent, 341, 34S.
Kayaderosseras Patent, 5S5. 587.
Kid. I. William, the .pirate, 570.
Km. I. 'tin. ok 1'atent, 247.
Kingsborough Patent, 317, 318.
Kingsbui-y Patent. 0,s5.
King's Co lli -g... S-e t'ljiuitbi'i <_'"llcge.
King's District. 241. 243.
King's Ferry, 569, 699.
King's Garden. 356.
Kirkland. R.-v. Samuel. 461, 464, 485, 4;!0
Kirkwood. James P., 369.
Klock's Field, battle of, 410, 417.
Knapp. I'/al. Ou'.i.
Knitting mills. Mr.. OOS, 590.
Kortright Patent. 202.
Kosciusko, Thadduus, 504, 5S6.
Laboratories. 24S. 308, 419, 464, 505, 549.
Laborers, number by counties, 152.
La Cole surprised, 234.
La Fayette, Marquis ,],. 27, 410, 467.
La Hontan, Ban ui. 2ss. 4"4.
Lakes, general sketch of. 20.
Lake George Steamboat Companies. 82.
Lake ridges, 351, 300, :_101, 395, 449, 403,
512, 514,524. 688, 693.
Lallemant, Futln-r, -177, 479.
Lamp and Lantern manufactory, -10S.
Lampblack manufactory, 593.
Lancasterian schools, 125, 100, 24 .
599, 657.
Land Office. 322, 323.
Commissioners of. 40. 494.
attacked by a mob, 210, 322.
Land patents, list of. 4','.
Land-h.l> -s, 303, 41:;, 560.
Land, State,*how sold, 46.
tenure and title of. 40
under water, 40, 41s. 419.
Lansing's Patent. 341, 343, 348.
Lantern manufactory, 280.
La Salle, visits .Niagara Falls, 402, 455.
Last manufactory, 2SO, 705.
Lath manufactory, 289.
Law, George, 424. OS4.
Law Department, New York, 427.
Library & Institute, 435.
libraries. 287, 369.
BI hools, 101, 275.
Laws, 29. 30.
Lawjers. number by counties, 1 -'.::.
Lay. Amos. 0-".
Lead on-. 20. 241. 243, 2>.7. 340, 355, ::74,
378, 4"7. 506, 528, 07:;. 07:', Osl, 040,
660, Osr,. 7"4.
Pipe maiiufact'.rv. 302. 657
Leake & Watts Asylum, 433.
Lease, law rr-p. ctin_' lands under, 46.
tenure of, 273, 471.
lands under, Delaware Co., 258.
Indian. 462.
Ledyard Canal. 484.
Legislature, 28.
at Kingston, 602.
at Poughkeepsie, 276.
dispersed, 26.
New York City, 420.
Leisler, Jacob, 700, 703.
Le Moyne, Father, 479.
Lery, M. de, 460, 467.
Le Roy's Patent, 603.
Le Roy, Bayard & McEvera, 321, 468.
Lewis, Governor Morgan, 272.
L'Hommedieu, Ezra, 125.
Patent. 341, 343, 348.
Liancourt, Duke de, 498.
Liberty poles cut down, 344, 438.
12
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Libraries. 27, 4S, 102, 125, 126. 127, 139,
144, 145, 24fi, 287, 369, 383, 391, 403,
432, 434, 454, 475, 488, 489, 505, 524.
school district, 135, 137.
License question, 147.
Lieutenant Governor, powers and duties
of, 32.
Lifeboat manufactory, 367.
stations, 121, 122, 365, 544, 550, 631.
Life leases, 242.
and health insurance, 83.
Lighthouses, 120, 216, 271, 280, 284, 297,
355, 356, 358, 360, 399, 403, 419, 524,
527, 550, 567, 569, 577, 634, 635, 636,
63S, 639, 662, 694, 706.
Lime manufactory, 109, 110, 186, 197, 250,
252, 279, 301, 305, 331, 346, 381, 383,
391, 394, 395, 462, 474, 484, 485, 512,
568, 569. 570, 590, 613, 615, 649, 654,
662. 666; 670. 683. 690, 693, 700.
Limestone terrace, 2S8, 292.
Liui-klaen Purchase, 389.
Lincoln, General, 299.
Liudsey's Patent, 341. 343, 531.
Linen manufactory, 237.559.
Line of Property, 257, 462.
Liquorice manufactory, 368.
Lispenard's Patent, 341.
Literary associations and societies, 144,
369, 3*5, 434, 489.
Literature Fund, 46, 125, 126.
lamls, 47.
Lithography, 286.
Little beard, 384.
Little Nine Partners' Tract, 269, 272, 273.
Livinsstou Manor, 242, 247.
Patent, 242. 244. 348, 603.
Robert R., 82. 83, 147.
Lloyd's Neck Manor, 551.
Loans. State, statistics of, 38.
when lauds are sold under, 46, 48.
Lock manufactory, 286.
navigation. 556. 579, 596.
Locks, canal, 451, 454.
Locomotive factory, 598.
Logan, an Indian chief, 200.
Log navigation, 297. 67:i.
Lonpv. a Kivnch partisan, 672.
Long Island farms, (New York city poor,)
549.
Lotbiuiere, grants to, 29S.
Lotteries. 125. 425, 556.
Louis Philippe, travels in N. Y., 219, 404,
498.
Lovelace, Governor, 564.
Lumber. 110, 160, 165. 166, 168, 170, 171,
173, 176, 183, 186, 188, 9, 190, 193,
194. 195. 211, 214, 215, 218. 220, 221,
2*2, 235, 236, 238, 248, 257, 260, 262,
J' ; :;. 264, 265, 286, 290, 293, 296, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309,311, 312,
314, 316, 317, 337, 338, 347, 349, 356,
357, 360, 363, 367, 375, 377, 390, 392,
399, 402, 454, 4fiS, 470, 502, 509, 518,
521, 522, 523, 525. 526, 527, 529, 573,
575, 576, 580, 5*1, 5S4, 588, 589, 590,
591, 593, 618, 620, 623, 624, 625, 626,
t 29, i41, 643, 644, 645, 647, 648, 649,
(552, W.I. fiiio. IV,;,. fiivr, 668, 671, 675,
680, 6$5, 686, 692, 693.
Luuatic Asylums. 31. 42. 200, 247, 365, 396,
398. 419, 425, 426, 432, 468, 495. 518.
Lush's Patent, 347.
Lyceums, 275, 369. 436.
Lying in Asylum. 432.
Lyuds, Elam, 41, 704.
McCrea, Jane, 6S2.
McDonald, D.. 345.
McDonough, Commodore, 234, 239.
Machine shops, 109, 160, 166, 195, 199, 202,
206, 214. 227, 235, 237, 238, 240, 244,
246, 247, 248, 271, 272, 286,289, 292,
293, 317, 356, 367, 368, 383, 385, 387,
390, 391, 400, 401, 402, 406, 462, 484,
4s7. 4SS, 506, 509, 510, 515, 522, 525,
536, 537, 548, 556, 557, 560, 569, 570,
591, 593, 606, 615, 617, 618, 625, 656,
657, 658, 682, 683, 685, 686, 691, 692,
693, 699.
Machinery manufactory, 109, COO, 362, 395,
411, 454, 4H5, 468. 488, 536, 556, 617,
652. 681, 686.
Machinists, number by counties, 153.
Machin's Patent, 48, 341, 347, 413, 468,
603.
McNeil's Patent, 342, 348.
Macomb, Alexander, 352, 579.
Macomb, General, 234.
Macomb's Purchase, 48, 308, 375, 458, 572,
574, 581.
Magazines, military, 44.
Magdalen Female Benevolent Society, 433.
Magnetic machine, 297.
Mail routes by railroad and steamboat, 123.
early, 469.
ocean, 124.
Mail service, general statistics, 122, 123.
Malignant fever, 428.
Malleable iron, 471.
Malt manufactory. 160, 166, 368, 618, 691.
Manganese, 26, 241, 267, 600, 704.
Manhattan Company, 89, 424.
Manor of Fox Hall, 662.
Wm. Gilleland attempts to found, 305.
Staten Island, 564.
Westchester co., 698, 703, 706, 707.
Fordham, 707.
Rensselaerwyck. See Rensselaertoyck.
Livingston. See Livingston.
Cortland. See Cortland.
Manors, list of Colonial, 49.
Manual Labor Schools, 283.
Manufactures, statistics of, 109, 286, 436.
Maple sugar, 101.
Marble. 26, 41. 109, 267, 271, 273, 274, 286,
300, 301, 368, 376, 418, 577, 581, 590,
670, 671, 696.699, 700, 702, 704, 70S.
cemeteries, 428.
Marine barracks, 368.
clay, 572, 573, 580.
court, 35, 117, 428.
Family Asylum, 566.
Fuud,'ll7."
Hospital, 117, 120, 368.
railways, 286, 368, 525, 581.
Society, 434.
Markets. 286. 427, 706.
Marl, 1^6, 218, 241, 250, 252, 267, 273, 274,
279, 292, 318, 320, 388, 391, 394, 395,
458, 474, 540, 614, 619, 688, 690, 691,
693, 710.
Marthas Vineyard, IS, 49.
Martial law, Delaware CO., 410.
Marvin's Patent, 347.
Masons, number by counties, 153.
Massachusetts, attempt to settle on the
Hudson, 242.
claims. 242, 494.
lands, 52.
pre-emption, 18, 48.
Ten Towns, 48, 180.
Massacre, Indian, 661, 664, 672, 685, 700.
Mastodon, skeleton of, 501, 548.
Matchbox manufactory, 377.
Mayors, 39, 420.
Mayville land office sacked, 322.
Mechanics' Association, 403.
Institute, 435.
Mechanical trades, total number of per-
sons engaged in, 153.
Medical Colleges, 126, 2S7, 343, 430, 498.
Societies. 126, 149, 150, 287, 431.
Medicinal extracts, 241, 248.
Meigs, Colonel, 639.
Melodeon manufactory, 286.
Menageries, 706.
Menuonites, 141.
Mercantile Colleges, 139, 287.
Library, 435.
Merchants, number by counties, 153.
Merchants' Exchange, 436.
Meteorological observations. 126.
Methodist African Church. 139.
Congregational Church, 140.
Episcopal Church. 141.
German Church, 141.
Primitive Church, 142.
Protestant Church, 141.
Reformed, 143.
Wesleyan, 144.
Metropolitan Police, 366, 420, 564.
Midge, ravages by, 3S1, 383, 395, 512, 518,
717.
Millinery, by counties, 110.
Mile Strip, Niagara, 48.
Military Academy, 45, 505.
districts. 43.
organization, 43.
Road, 45, 354.
stations, 419.
Tract, 47, 180, 199, 224, 473, 478, 610,
615, 655, 690. 691.
Militia called out, 259, 269, 437.
laws, 43, 44.
officers, 43.
Militia, sen-ices of, 565.
Milk market, 101, 268, 273, 277, 501, 502,
506, 510, 511, 540, 543, 544, 550, 554,
557, 568, 570, 696.
Miller, David C., 323.
Rev. Win., 684.
Millers, number of, by counties, 153.
Milliners, number of, by counties, 153.
Mill Iron manufactory, 297.
Millstone manufactory, 286, 355, 468, 641,
660.
Millyard Tract, 398.
Mineral localities, 26. 267, 296. 352, 361,
362, 374, 378, 407, 540, 563, 572, 673,
576, 577, 579, 582, 584, 600, 604, 606,
675, 698.
springs, 26, 155, 159, 163, 164, 165, 168,
170, 173, 175, 178, 186, 188, 195, 213,
221, 229, 241, 244, 248, 257, 267, 279,
282, 301, 302, 305, 312, 320, 324, 325,
332, 343, 345, 347, 349. 355, 356, 357.
359, 360, 361, 363, 375,377, 378, 379,
382, 386, 392, 393, 394, 402, 413, 455,
456, 458, 462, 463, 470, 481, 482, 484,
488, 491,497, 503, 515, 532, 534. 537,
546, 552, 554, 557, 658, 579. 590, 591,
592, 593, 607, 620, 650, 656, 664, 679,
683, 688, 692, 696, 702, 704.
Mines, 25, 570, 660.
Road, 503, 642.
Mining. Mechanical, & Chemical Cos., 80.
Minisink, battle of, 503.
massacre, 503.
Patent, 503.
Mint, 122, 509.
Minuet, Peter, 437.
Mirage, 352, 705.
Missions. 139, 142. 146, 187, 195, 273, 274,
308, 370, 393, 404, 431, 434, 477, 519.
Mitchell'* Cave, 416.
Mobs, 210, 269, 322, 438, 549, 565, 601.
Mohegans, 697, 704.
Mohawk Indians, 408.
River rifts, on, 23.
settlements. See Herkimer and Mont-
gomery cos.
Molang, a French Partisan, 686.
Molding mill, 707.
Montauk, 632, 633. 635, 638.
Montcalm. Marquis of, 298, 519, 672.
Montgomery, Kichard, 276, 299.
Montour, Captain, 624.
Montour, Catharine, 610.
Montreal, expedition against. 408.
Monument to Herkimer voted, 343.
to martyrs of prison ships, talked of.
372.
to Paulding, 699.
to Pike and others, disgraceful, 359.
to shipwrecked persons, 547.
to Van Wart, 700.
to Washington, (corner stone.) 423.
to Williams, 298.
to Gen. Worth. 423.
Moody, Lady Deborah, 372.
Moose River Tract, 342, 349.
Moravian mission, 273, 274.
Morgan, William, 323. 452, 495.
Mormonism, 494, 497,' 690, 693.
Morris, Chief Justice, 705.
Gouverneur, 58, 375.
Honorary Creditor Tract, 321 .
Lewis, 702.
Reserve, 169, 321, 382, 494.
Robert, 321, 621.
Roger. 540. 541.
title of, 494.
Morse, James 0., 210.
Morse, S. F. B., 274.
Mosaic code, 640.
Mounds, Indian, 200. See Indian Anti-
quities.
Mount, murder of, 347.
Mountain Bidge, 395, 512.
systems of the State, 19.
Mowe'rs and Reapers, 405.
Muck, 180, 198, 279, 292, 320, 388, 394, 474,
518, 590, 614, 617, 618, 628. CSS, 692,
683.
Mules, number by counties, 107.
Muller, Lewis A., 391.
Muuro, Major, attack by, 587.
Colonel, 672.
Museum, 27, 432.
Musical Association, 287, 4S9.
Mutual aid societies, 434.
Mutual Insurance companies, S3.
Myers Mine, 236.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
13
Nail manuf.ictory, 19S, 235, 207, 300, 301,
302. 501.
Nantucket formerly in New York, 18.
Narrows, 305, 373, 563.
National societies, 434.
Comp. Emancipation Society, 146.
Natural Bridge, 074. 704.
Nautical society, 434.
Naval DepOt, 368.
Hospital. 45, 368.
Lyceum, 369.
stores, 245.
Navigation, 22, 156, 272,279, 296, 297, 418.
companies, 64, 82.
Navy Yard. 368.
Ncaiider, Dr., library of, 403.
Necks of lanil, 544, 549, 550, 551, 631, 638,
703, 706.
Needle manufactory, 570.
Newburgh, discontent of troops at, 504.
Patent, 509.
New Dorlfich Patent, 603.
New England Alliance, L. I., 633.
Newgate Prison, so called, 41.
New Petersburg!] Tract, 389.
Newspapers, 157, 169, 178. 1S7, 198, 209. 218,
224, 233, 241, 251, 258, 268, 280, 297,
307,315, 321, 330, 337, 341, 352, 366,
375, 381, 3S9, 396, 407, 439, 451, 459,
475, 492, 502, 513, 518, 530, 540. 545,
553, 564, 568, 573, 5S5, 595, 602, 610,
614, 620, 632, 642. 650, 655, 661, 671,
678, 689, 697, 711, 718.
discontinued, New York City, 442.
New York, before Revolution, 431.
New York State Agricultural College, 126.
Harbor encroachment, 46, 418.
Library Society, 435.
Society, 101.
system, geological, 24.
Niagara River and Falls, 449, 450, 452, 455.
Nickel, 26.
Nicoll's Patent, 637.
Nitschman, Bishop David, 274.
Noah, Mordecai 51., 290.
Noble, Arthur, 337, 339, 349.
Noblcboro' Patent, 342, 349.
Noble's Patent, 48.
Normal School, 125, 136, 137, 369, 429.
Northern Inland Lock Nav. Co., 60.
Notaries public, 35.
Nott, Rev. Eliphalet, 532, 598.
Noxious animals, 30.
Nurseries, 398, 402, 498, 544, 546, 694. 703.
for children, 420, 425, 420, 433, 549.
Oakum manufactory, 286.
Oats, statistics of, 101, 104.
Oblong Tract. IS, 269, 540, 703.
Observatories, 423, 404, 505.
Ocean steamers, 82.
mails. 124.
Ocher, 175, 377.
Odeltown. affair at, 234.
Officers, State, county, and town, 40.
Ogden Samuel, purchase by, 321.
Tract, 321.
Ogdensburgh taken, 574.
Ohio Basin. 2*4.
Oil cask manufactory, 638.
cloth manufactory, 368, 468, 556, 590,
657, 658.
manufactory. 198, 286, 293, 357, 368,
390, 402, 515, 532, 549, 556, 567, 618,
632. 637, 639, 657, 691.
Old Fort, so called, 327.
Military Tract. 235, 237, 240.
Pre-emption Line, 494.
School Baptist Church, 139.
Omnibus routes. New York City, 429.
OiK'ida Community, 392.
Indians, friendly, 410, 596.
reservation. 389.
River Improvement, 62.
stone. 458.
Oothoudt's Patent, 48, 468.
Ophthalmic Hospital, 432.
Optical Instrument manufactory, 392.
Ordnance, summary of, 45.
Organ manufactory, 286, 468.
Oriskany, battle of, 3-12, 410. 412, 414, 461.
Orphan Asylums, 161, 200. 247, 275, 370,
403, 419, 425, 426, 433, 488, 518, 524,
5ol.
Oswegatchie District, 575.
Overseers of Highways, 39.
Owasco Lake Improvement, 63.
Oxen, statistics by counties, 106.
Oysters. 46, 544, 549, 550, 563, 567, 632,
636, 638, 704.
Page, David P., 137.
Pail manufactory, 286, 297, 301, 3S5, 482,
536, 570, 657.
Paine, John, 242.
Thomas, 703.
Paint man'y., 312, 368, 402, 419, 549, 555.
Painted Post, 024.
Painters, by counties, 153.
Palatinates, 242. 245, 408, 409. 412, 415, 416,
509, 601. 603, 605, 600, 667.
Palisades, 21, 25.
Palisades, (military,) 372, 373, 437.
Palmer, Edmund, tory spy, 099.
Erastus D., 4*,7
Mine, 236.
Purchase, 585.
Paper Box manufactory, 317.
manufactory, 110, 160, 199, 200, 215,
228, 241, 243, 244, 247, 248, 274, 277,
286, 297, 317, 330, 334. 345, 346,352,
362, 375, 377, 3S4, 385, 390, 402, 407,
466, 4S4, 4S5, 487, 504, 510, 516, 527,
538. 550, 556, 557, 558, 561, 570, 584,
589, 590, 593, 605, 606, 610, 634, 657,
606. 704.
Pardoning power, 31.
Pardons, statistics of, 36.
Parish, David. 580.
Parker, Col., 200.
Parks, 309, 422, 423.
Parsonage, Queens, 413.
Passengers, statistics of, 117, 122.
Patchin. Gen., 603.
Patent Leather manufactory. 286, 368.
Patents, Land, 40, 48, 49. 53, 258, 341, 408.
Pathological Society, New York, t!l.
Patriot tt'ar," 235, 354, 357, 360, 452, 574,
575.
Patroon, title of, 159.
PauMing, John, 699.
Patiw, Michael, 564.
Peaches, quantity by counties, 107.
Pearling Mill. 593.
Pearl barley, 482, 484.
Pears, quantity by counties, 107.
Peas, statistics by counties, 105.
Peat, 232, 237, 241, 207, 337, 394, 458, 474,
505, 540, 570. 629, 671.
Peg manufactory. 317.
Pelham Manor. 703, 704.
Pell, Thomas. 700, 703, 704.
Pemaquoit, 18.
Pendergrast sentenced, 269.
Penet Square, 4S, 353, 357. 360.
Penitentiaries, 156, 280, 365, 425, 475.
Peppermint. 089.
Oil manufactory, 691.
Pel-ache's Tract, 48.
Percentage of population. 151.
Perry, Commodore, gifts to. 423.
Personal liabilities of stockholders, 80.
Pestilence, 428, 601.
Petrie's Purchase, 342.
Petroleum springs, 168, 173, 180.
Pharmacy, College of, 431.
Phelps aud Gorham Purchase, 321, 382, 398,
494.
Philippe, Louis. 404, 498.
Philipsburgh Manor, 700, 702, 704, 708.
Philipse Patent, 540, 541.
Philosophical Instrument cian'y., 286.
Physicians, by counties, 153.
Piano manufactory, 100, 22^, 286, 468, 509,
685.
Pickle manufactory, 707.
Picquet, Francis, 574.
Pictured Rocks. 380.
Pierrepont Estate, 376, 378.
Piers, 156, 280, 2S4, 356. 367, 419, 422, 524.
Pike, Z. M., monument to, 359.
Pilots, 115, 116.
Pine plains, 156, 312. 351, 638.
Pin manufactory, 275.
Pipe clay, 26.
Pistol manufactory, 699.
Pitcher. Lieutenant Governor, 685.
Pitt, statue of, 438.
Plains, Hempstead, 544, 547, 548.
Plane manufactory, 286.
Plan of union proposed, 162.
Planing mills, 160, 205, 220, 228, 235, 237,
239, 286, 289, 292, 293, 317, 347, 367,
368, 393, 399. 401, 402, 405, 406, 454,
466, 506, 514, 546, 590, 598, 604, 610,
617, 025.
Planlc roads, 39, 80, 159, 179, 235. 236, 258,
2*4, 311, 321, 354, 45'J, 515, 518, '596,
601, 642.
Plaster mills, 110, 205. 221, 228, 229, 238,
244, 247. 271, 274, 307, 3So, 3:>3, 598,
400, 401, 406, 454, 408, 4*4, 559, 618,
652, 657, 682, 6S3.
PInte of Johnson family. 310, 400, 410.
Pittsburgh attacked, 234.
Plow manufactory, 241. 4.~,4, 406, 515. 699.
Plums, by counties, 107.
Pocket Book manufactory, 2S6.
Point an FIT. 2:;:;. 2::7.
Police Department, 420.
Political societies. -V'4.
Poor, associations fur relief of. 2S7.370.
county and town, 101. 108, 179, 186,
r.'S.' 2oS, 211, 21S. 223. 233. 241, 251,
25S, 2i,s. 2-0, 2'.<7. :;o7. :;14, 320, 330,
341, :;. 2. 375, 3S1, 388 ; 396, 4<i7.425,
427. 4JU, 451, 4.">9. 475, 492. 502. 513,
518, 530, 540, o.'iii. 5.'.:;. 5!)5, 600, 614,
f>34. 11.15, 030. 037, 63.*!. 033, 642, 649,
654. 061, 071. 073, OS;), OyO, 711, 718.
statistics of 37, 38.
Superintendents of, 30, 36.
Popham, .Major \Vm., 705.
Population, total, liy counties. 150.
by towns. See Acns, <c.
comparative, 151.
of cities, 371. 404, 435, 436, 469, 599.
Porcelain niaiiula. tor\ . ;;07. ;;i s.
Portages. 2J. 2::. 4<,i>. 40.;. 5iy, 528.
Portage F;ills. :>0, 711, 713.
Porter Uoad, 1142.
Port of New York. 438.
Portrait gallery, 495.
Portraits in Capitol, 27.
Ports of entry, 111, 210, 399, 43S, 638, 694.
Port Wardens, 116.
Postal arrangements, 122, 123.
Post office, 123, 437.
Potash, 415, 518.
Potato culture, 101, 105. WO. 082.
Potsdam sandstone <;uairies. C12.
Potter. Rev. Al..n/o. 137, 270.
Potteries. 2*-o, -If,*, 091.
Potters' Fi.-ld, 420. 42.;. 425. 420. 428.
Ponchot, M.. surrender of, 574.
Powder mills. 504. 5.VJ.
Premiums tor domestic manufacture, 102.
Presbyterian Chinch, 141, 142.
I'nited, 139.
Frevost Patent, 333.
Prideaux. (!eti.. 452.
Primitive Methodists, 142.
Printers' Library. 435.
number by counties, 153.
Printing cloths. 509.
offices by counties. 110.
Print manufactory, 272, 563. 5i">. 571
Prison Association of New Yoik, 42. 426,
433.
Prisoners sold as slaves, 601.
Prisons. 41, 200, 238, 425, 42.5, 427.
Prison ships, 371, 372.
Privateering on St. Lawrence, 355.
Prize fighting. Boston Corners. 243.
Protestant Episcopal Church. 142.
Provident and Mutual Aid Societies, 404.
Provincial Congress, 662.
Patent, 684.
Provost. Sir George, 234.
Public health. 427.
Schools, 135.
School Society of New York, 430.
Pulteney. Sir William. 321, 384, 404. 621,
022.
Pump manufactory, 286, 308, 400. 405. 463,
598. 617.
Putnam. Gen. Israel. 298, 371, 450, 504,
540, 541, 672, 082, 685, 686.
Puts Rock, 686.
Pyroligneous Acid manufactory, 182.
Pyrotechny, 286.
Quackenboss. John, 685.
Quaker settlement, 366.
Springs, 591.
Quarantine, 18, 31, 116, 117, 419, 427, 428,
563. 565. 566.
Quarries, 26, 41, 155, 165, 167, 168. 170. 172,
173, 175, 190, 191, 192, 197, 201, 204,
205,208, 213, 214. 215. 218, 223. 243,
245, 207, 270, 271. 27'.'. 2s2. 2>4, 301,
305. 312. 314, 318, 320, 331. 332. 340,
341. 343, 346. 347, 349, 359. 3x1. 383,
385, 393, 395, 400, 407, 411, 449. 454,
14
Quarries, continued.
458, 463, 464. 467, 470, 471, 473, 482,
483, 484, 485, 491, 497, 512, 515, 517,
528, 530, 532, 540, 642, 566, 572, 577,
581, 587, 590, 613, 015, 617, 660, 662,
663. 664, 666, 688, 692, 093, 696, 699,
7"". 702, 7(4, 705, 708,713, 714, 715.
Quarter Sales. 157.
Quartz crystals, 340. 343, 649.
Queensborough Patent, 585.
Quitman, General, 277.
QuitrentB, 46. 242, 258, 699, 701, 704.
Quogue Purchase, 638.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Race courses. 548, 349, 550.
Rafting, 205. 352.
Kail lloails, Canadian. 119.
Commis-ioDers. 09.
employees, by counties, 153.
gauge', 74.
general article on. bb.
notices of, 71. 112, 156, 159, 169, 170,
172. 173. 174. 170. ISO. 1 vj, 184, 186,
1--7, IS'.t. 191. 19-2, 193, 194. 201, 203.
2(14. 205. 208, 2U9, 214. 218, 219. 220.
-J4. 232, 235, 237, 2:1*. 241. 244, 24:>,
JiO. 247. 24s. 258, 265,268, 27". 271.
J70. 2Mi. 282,292, 2'.O. 307, 310 : 312,
321,324, 325, 337, 341; 345, 31". 354,
350, 357, 360, 307, 3S1, 382, 3S3, 384,
385, 388, 392. 395, 397, 398, 39H. 4'>.
401, 402, 403, 405, 407, 416, 451, 454,
455, 459, 402. 4'i", 4>,7, 468, 470, 471.
475, 4-0. 4*2. 4V,. 4^4, 4ss, 495, 490,
4'',s 51111. 5"2. 5(4.5d5, 5iir,, 507, 508,
510, 513, 514, 515, 51*, 520, 521. 53d.
,V4". 542,544,545,540,548. 54
552, 555, 557. 561, 563, 568, 569, 570,
571. 573, 575, 570, 577, 578, 579, 580,
:>1. 5S2, 585, 5S7, 590, ! 93, 596,598,
600,609,61(1. 612, 614,617,618, 620,
622 623, 24. 6'25, < J". 627, 628. 6 12,
636, 637,6.3'.'. 640, '.41. (42, 650, 651,
C,vj! '.:.:;. 051. O.M. 057.07S, ' 59, 690,
691,692, 69:;. O'.iO. ''.IT. 698,1 I, 7 10,
701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706,707, 70S.
711.
proji-cts, &c., 76 to 79.
statistics df. 74. 7 i.
Rake manufactory. 2' ". 057.
Randall, Koln-rt Kichard. 506.
llandalls Islawl. 42. 420,425.
Rangers. 242. 298,305.
Rank of military otlicers. 43.
Kajielje. S.uah. ::71. l-'>7.
Raspberry culture. 4'.' s .
Katun manulactoi v. 540.
Reaches on the Hudson, 542.
Real, Count. 3 6.
Reciprocity Treaty, 117. 524.
Record t'onimi-si"inTs, 365.
Recorder, 420, 428.
Records. State. 20.
Red Jacket, 615.
Reformed Methodists. 143.
Presbyterians, 143.
Protestant Dutch. 143.
Refugees, Canadian and Nova Scotian, 235,
Refuse" for Juvenile Delinquents, 432, 433.
Regalia manufactory. 286.
Keucntsnf tin- University, 125, 126, 635.
Registers of Deeds, 35, 305. 697.
Registration of births, marriages, and
deaths. 427.
Religious societies, 100, 144.
];. msenburgh Patent. 4S. 342. 347. 349. 466.
Rensselaerwyck Manor, 155, 156, 157, 105,
553.
Reservations, gold and silver mines, 26, 46.
Salt Springs. 478, 479. 480.
See Indian Reservations.
Reservoirs. See Canal Reservoirs.
Resident Physician. 116.
Revenues. United States. 111.
Revolution.' See Waro/Revoliltion.
Revolutionary claims, 419.
Kheimensuyders Bush, attack upon, 346
Richmond College, 604.
Rideau Canal. 11.'.
Rid"e Road, 512. 693.
Rifle manufactory, 344, 402.
Riots. See Mobs.
Rivers, general sketch, 20.
Roads, opening of, 39.
Robberies, 242.
Robert, Louis J., grant to. 298.
Robinson, P.everly, 540, 542. 699.
Rock City, so called, 173, 192.
Rocking stones, 701, 705.
Rogers, Platt, 300.
Robert, 298. 674. 685. 701.
Rolling mills, 199, 235, 297, 569, 571, C66,
699, 708.
Roman Catholic Church. 143.
Roofing slates, 20, 243, 267, 555, 677, 682,
684.
Rope manufactory. 228, 286, 368, 376, 464,
556. 558, 634. 693.
Rosin Oil manufactory, 368.
Ross and Butler, 410.
Ross, Major, 316.
Rotunda, N.Y., 423, 437.
Koval tJrant, 315. 342. 343, 345, 347,348.
Rubber Toy manufactory. 272.
Rnmbout's Patent, 2c,9. 272.
Rural cemeteries, luo. 106. 200. 275, 371,
372. 373, 398, 404, 428, 549, 577, 599,
703, 7(14.
Rye, where most raised, 101.
statistics of, 104.
Sable Iron Co.. 236.
Sackets Harbor. 525.
Sackctt. Richard. 270.
Sacondnua Patent, 317.
Saddle A: Harness manufactory, by cos.,
153.
Tree manufactory, 691.
Safe maHufiw t..ry, 160, 368, 402, 561.
Saf.-ty I'mi'l. V-
Sail manufactory, 2^6.
Sailors' Sim;: Harbor. 566.
St. Hilary, Count, 521.
St. Lawicnce (-'anal. 119.
St Leger.tien., 166.342,410,461,467,586.
St. K--ls Indians. 233, 308.
Sal. ratu- mannt.i' t> ry, 401.
Salisbury. Aarmi. 290.
Salni'ni fisheries, 124, 52 r
.- ilom t 1 r, I-".
Sail boles. 90 call.-d. 488.
mannt.i. tory, 11". 10S, 203, 399. 40o,
47'i 4V, 4s7.4s8. 489. 512, 514. 515,
522, 532, ' 32, > '.'-'. 693.
mar-ln's and meadows, 365, 372, 373,
41- 544. 546, 547, 548, 550, 563, 5tio,
r.:;l. 633. (535, 636,638,696, 7"0.
S]>i inns Lands. 47.
s|.i ings. Si-e Brine Springs.
wells, 479, 480, 483.
var.'*'. 117.
nipapiT manufactory, 546.
-and plain. 5s4.
-aiulsioif tri-ru' 1 ". 577.
study Creek b iiil.'. 525.
-.unly Hunk fort, 565.
light, 419.
ganger. W. P. S., 31 8.
stratoga Patent. 585.
sirtrent. Henry G.. 59.
-ash &. Hlind manufactory, 110. 18S, J2S.
229 244, 248, 255, 27". 2Sfi. 297, 301,
302. 308, 385. 386. 393. 407. 413, 454,
4- 3, 4-4. 510. 515. 554, 575, 582, 590,
596, 603. 652, 686. 716.
Satinet manufactory, 261, 508.
Savings banks. 99. 100, 166, 436, 640.
Saw manufactory, 280, 506.
Sawmills, by counties. 110.
s :l \\ s t manufactory, 348.
Scale manufactory, 402, 693.
Scarcity of provisions, 2' 4.
Schaghticoke Indians. 559.
Schoharie invaded. 316.
School Commissioners, 38, 135, 137, Io9.
Districts, 31. 135, 138.
Fund. 46. 47. 135.
General Article on, 135.
houses, 138.
Indian, 412. 478.
Lands. 47, 389.
statistics, 138. See Acres, dc.
Schools, Common. 38, 135.
See City &-hools.
Schuyler. Han Yost, 342.
Patent, 269, 342.
Peter. 408.
Philip. 316. 410. 591, 592.
Scott's Patent. 413. 602. 603.
Screw manufactory. 468.
Scriba, George, 519. 520, 528.
Scriba's Patent, 48, 519, 521.
Scythe manufactory, 274, 312, 466, 483, 590,
617.
Sealer of Weights and Measures, 30, 38.
Seal of Broome Co. presented, 178.
Delaware Co. adopted, 257.
Seamen's Friend Society, 146.
employed, 113.
Hospital, 120, 434.
Retreat, 506.
tax upon, 117, 120, 566.
Seamless Hag manufactory, 590, 683.
clothing. 271.
Seat of Government, 26. 438.
Secretary of State, 32, 125.
Secret Societies. 147.
Seigniories. French. 233, 298.
Select schools under Regents, 125.
Seminaries, 200. 453. 454, 498, 533, 602, 713.
See also Academies.
Senate. 28.
Districts, 28.
Seneca Indians. 397, 452, 493.
Lock Navigation Company. 62.
River Improvement, 61, 62.
Turnpike. 469.
S.-i [H-ntiue, 670, 675.
Serpent, tradition <-f. 493.
Servis's Patent, 4''.o. 4' s.
Si \ nih Day llaptists. 143.
Seward. William II.. 200, 510.
Si'WcTs. New York. 425.
Shad fisheries, 124.
Shakers, u:;. \<. 243. 248. 384.
Sliannandhoi Patent. 585,587.
Shattuck. Artemas. 714.
Miawl manufactory. 508, 598, 618.
Shay, Dani.l. 1> .:.. 603.
Sheep husbandry, 1"7. 637, 686
Shell. John ( hii-lian. 345.
Sheiiff murdered, 242.
ShinrieVanufectory, 110. 286. 290, 291.
292, 293, 301, 338, 454. 470, 523,526,
527. 575. 580, 590, 611, 625, 667, 694.
Shinnecnck Indians. 638.
Ship bnildiiiir. 115, 213, 286, 297, 352. 356,
357, 358, 359, 367, 368, 399, 520. 525,
f4'.(! 5"... 57d. 032, 633, 634, 036, 639,
002, tisti.
canal. 2S4. O'?n.
Timber Co.. 291.
Shii.nn-nts. liuMal.i. 2^5.
Shoe manufactory, 346, 373, 402, 548, 568,
570, 705.
Shovel manufactory, 705.
Showmen. 706.
icin'". .
Silk manufactory, 275, 286, 391, 566,570,657.
Mlhnian. Prof., analysis by, 324.
Silurian rocks, 155.
Silver Lake Tract. 711.
mines, so called, 257, 337, 374.
Plating, 286.
traces of, 528.
Ware manufactory, 110. 163, 368, 488,
652.
Simcoes Queen's Rangers. 551.
Skanandoa. Indian chief, 469.
Skeiie. Philip, 299, 686.
Skinners. 698.
Slack Water Navigation Co., 614.
Slate, 20.
Slate Cos., 267, 270, 273.
Slave rescue, 489.
Slaves, Indians sold as. 661.
Small Pox Hospital. 425.
Smallwood, Col., 701.
Smilh. Col., 452.
(ierrit. 393. 524.
Joe, 494, 467.
Peter, lease of. 402.
purchase of, 389, 393.
William, H., 634.
Smuggling. 233. 357.
nell and Zimmerman s Tract, 342.
Soap manufactory, 109, 286, 368, 402, 509,
59S.
Socialists, 392.
Societies. Agricultural, 102. See Zew
l~nrk Nut* Agricultural Society.
Society for Promoting Agricultural Arts
and Manufactures, 101. 161.
Promoting Useful Arts, 101.
Soda manufactory. 286.
Solar works, 479. 4MJ.
Solitary confinement, 41.
Sons of Liberty, 423, 438.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
15
Sons of Malta, 148.
Spanish Brown, 25.
relic, 477.
invasion. 478.
Spaulding, Solomon, 532.
Specie, 113. 122.
payment suspended, 90.
Speculations, 306.
Spencer, John C., 137, 323.
Spies. 412.
Spiritual rappings. 600.
Spoke manufactory, 277, 590. 667.
Springs, copious, 205, 277, 522, 570, 615.
Spuytenduyvil Creek, 418.
Squatters. 242, 2i3, 269, 290, 291, 358, 360,
389, 394.
Stag.- boat, 469.
licensed, 553.
rights, 469.
routes, early, 496.
Stair hnildin:;. 110.
Stalactite. 1>.4. 416. 600, 604, 606, 607.
Staley's Patent, 342, 344.
Stamp Act, 438.
Starch manufactory, 232, 237, 23S, 240,
2*>;, 2:17, :;<>7, :;'>. 40*. a*, 021,52:1,
550, 581.
Stark. Gen. John, 298, 556.
State Engineer and Surveyor. 33, 54, 68, 69.
Government, 28.
Hall. 27.
House, 26.
Library. 27. 125, 126.
Prisons, 36, 41, 42, 63, 200, 238, 704.
officers. 41.
reservations for villages, 288, 704.
Roads. 322, 615, 655.
Statue of George III. and Pitt, 423, 438.
Washington. 423.
Stave manufactory, 238. 262, 286, 290. 292,
363, 487, 514, 522. 526, 618.
Steamboat Companies, 82.
mail routes. 123.
statistics of, 115.
tax, 54.
Steamboats. 115, 162. 200, 214, 247. 275. 26,
288, 307, 354, 356, 360, 368, 375, 399,
418, 42!!. 452, 4S9. 495, 526, 550, 551,
561. 57:i, 579. 5*4, 611, 615. 616, 620,
627, 62s, r,55, 657 , 664, 673. 6S7, 696,
o'.'7.r,09, 700.703,705, 708.
Steam Engine manufactory, 2S6, 525, 652,
685.
Stedman. William. 452. 455.
Steele, 0. N., murder of. 259.
Steel manufactory, 270, 311. 508, 510, 540,
566, 571. 7i*l.
Sterritt Trf.rt. :;21.
Steuben, linron, 48, 467, 484.
Stevens. Ebenezer, 549.
John C..418.
Stewart. Alvan. 210.
Stilwellites. 140.
Stirling. Earl of. 18, 550, 633, 635, 639.
Stirling, Lord. 510, 564, 637.
Stock, breeding of, 277.
amount of. See Acres, (c.
Stockade, 469. See Forts.
Stone and Marble dressing, 153, 368, 663,
666.
Stone Arabia battle, 316.
Patent, 317. 408. 416.
Stone Ilr-ap Patent. 413, 603, 605.
Stone heaps, 242. 605.
Stone Ware manufactory. 286. 468.
Stove manufactory, 160, 286, 561, 699.
Strang, Daniel, execution of, 699.
Straw, paper factory, 166.
Streets, arrangement, New York, 422.
Department. 422.
inspection, 427.
Stuart, Charles B., 368.
Sturgeon fisheries. 124.
Stuy vesant pear tree, 437.
Peter G., 423.
Suburban population, 429.
Sugar Loaf Hill fortified, 299.
Sugar refineries. 419.
Sullivan. General, 219, 221, 371, 382, 410
478, 493, 531, 536, 564, 602, 609, 614,
617.
Sunday schools, 146.
Superintendent Poor, 36.
Superintendent Public Instruction, 125,
135.
Supervisors. 30, 39, 420.
Tryon County, 410.
Supreme Court, 34.
Surrogate, 34.
Survey Fifty, so called, 479.
Surveyor General, 33.
Surveys of Holland Land Co.. 322.
Surveys of Lake Champlain, 2'J*.
Suspension bridges, 235, 362, 412, 453, 455,
663.
Susquehanna Navigation, 619.
Swallow, steamer, wrecked. 331.
Swedenborgian Church. 139.
Swift, General John, 690.
Swine, statistics by counties, 107.
Taconic system. 24, 25.
T.uloi,. by counties. 153.
shops, by counties, 110.
Tallmadge, Major. 634, 638, 701.
Tammany Society. 434.
Tanneries, llo, 153, 181, 13, 188, 193,194,
l!i:.. 198, 202. 205, 213, 219, 225. 228,
230. 238, 239. 244, 248, 257, 259, 260,
2H2. 203, 265, 282, 283, 286, 289, 290,
291, 292. 293, 297. 302, 304, 305, 311,
314, 316, 317, 318. 319, 330, 331, 332,
333, 334, 338, 339, 342, 343, 346, 347,
348,350, 35.'. 360, :;_', 363, 375, 377,
3S5, 386, 390, 391, 392, 394, 400, 4021
454. 462. 463, 465. 466. 468, 469. 470,
483, 4*4. 5ii.i. 514. 515, 516, 520, 521,
522, 523. 525, 526.527. 52!i. 532, 533,
534, 535. 536, 537. 538, 541, 554, 575,
576, 584, 589. 590, 591, 598, 603. 604,
605, 606, 607. 608, 610, 611, 612, 623,
625, 627. 628, 641. 643. 644, 645, 64V,
649, 651, 652, 655, 657, 661, 663. 665,
667, 668, 671, 675, 690, 691, 693, 695,
699.
Tape manufactory, 706.
Tariffs, 111.
Tail. 'ton. Gen.. 700.
Tavi-ni siu'n in verse, 222.
Taxation. 4>. 422.
Tax sale-. 4*.
Teachers' classes, 126, 133.
institutes, 137.
statistics of. by counties, 153.
Tea destroyed in Sew York Harbor, 438.
Teamsters, number, by counties, 153.
Telegraph companies, li-t of. M.
Instrument manufactory.
Temperance Society, New York State, 147.
Ten Governors, 425.
Ten Towns on St. Lawrence, 47, 572, 574,
575. 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582.
Tenure of lands. 46.
Tertiary clays. 237. 296.
Theater at Bath, 622.
Tlieller, E. A., 405.
Theological seminaries. 127, 200, 391, 403,
430, 431, 533, 575. 7U7.
Thermal springs, 26, 241, 247.
Thermometer manufactory, 248.
Thimble manufactory, 636.
Thorburn, Grant. 54'J.
Thousand Islands, 577.
Thread manufactory, 593, 597.
Threshing machine, 657.
Ticonderoga, 29S, 299, 305, 671, 672, 673.
Tidal estuaries, 365, 367, 372, 544, 546, 547,
563, 696, 706.
Tide mills. 371, 544, 546, 640, 696, 701, 705.
Tides, 23, 156, 419.
Tile manufactory, 160, 398, 499, 691.
Tillier, Kodolph, 375, 377, 378.
Timber stealing, 309, 311, 360, 5SO.
Tin manufactory, 368, 546. 618.
Tinsmiths, by counties, 153.
Tinware manufactory, by counties, 110.
Titanium. 26.
Title, controversy about, 299, 357.
Tobacco and cigar manufactory, 110, 166,
276, 286, 368, 46 v 4^. 693. 699.
Tobacco culture, 101, 105, 219, 220, 221, 372,
487, 689.
Indian tradition, 4*2.
Tompkins, Governor. 564, 705.
Tonawanda Swamp, 450.
Tonnage, American, compared with fo-
reign, 112.
Buffalo, 285.
at different periods, 115, 116.
by counties, 113.
by districts. 112.
coasting. 115.
general article on, 115.
on great lakes, 118.
Oswego, 524.
registered and enrolled, 111, 112, 115.
Tool manuf'y, 300, 391, 393, 527, 590, 598.
Topographical outli le of State, 19.
Topping Purchase. 638.
Tories. 163, 180, 345, 346, 398, 602, 607, 636.
Tornado, 310.
Totteu & Crossfield's Purchase, 47, 337,
342, 349.
Town Clock manufactory, 390.
halls, 239, 700, 707.
meeting days, 30.
powers of people at, 31.
officers, 30, 40.
Purchase, 638.
Townsend Fund, Jamaica, 548.
Townships patented, Delaware county,
258.
Tract societies, 145, 404, 489.
Trading posts, 452. 519, 661.
Transit Line, 321. 322.
storehouse, 322, 328.
Trap rock, 501. 568.
Treasure buried, 316.
Treasurer, State, 32.
Treaties, 18, 180. 224, 257. 290, 299, 344,
382, 461, 478, 479, 661.
Treaty, Reciprocity, 624.
Trial of Zenger, 431.
Triangular Tract, 321. 326, 398.
Tribunals of Conciliation, 34.
Trinity Cemetery, 428.
Church, 434.
Triphammer manufactory, 347, 391, 393.
Trombois Mine, 236.
Trumbull, Col. John, 3S5.
Tru.-tnes of Academies, 126.
school districts, 39
Tryon, Governor, 26.
county, ravages in, 411.
Tub manufactory, 297, 466, 570, 590.
Tufa, 26, 186, 395, 592.
Tunnels, 68.
Turkish present to Com. Perry, 423.
Turner's Purchase, 705.
Turning, by covinties, 110.
Turnpikes, 39, 182, 284. 601.
Tuscarora Indians. 410. 452, 596.
Twenty Towns on Chenango. 224.
Twine manufactory. 571, 593, 597, 634.
Type manufactory, 160, 286.
Union College, 126, 549, 598.
schools, 136, 138, 201. 214. 324, 346,
359, 401, 405, 454, 4*3, 4*4, 487, 498,
648, 5SO, 617, 618, 636, 691, 692, 712.
Unitarians, 143.
United Presbyterians, 139.
United States Courts, 33.
I'eirsit Fund, 125.
Universal Friend, eo called, 718, 719, 720,
721.
Universalists, 143.
Universities. Sec Colleges.
Upholstery. 286.
Upton, Paul, letter from, 269.
Vaccination, 432.
Valuation by towns. See Acres, dc.
Van Alstyne, Eva, 411.
Van Buren, Ex-President, 247.
Van Cortlandt, Jacob, 698.
Stephen, 699.
Vander Donk. 708.
Vander Kemp, John J., 322.
Van Driessen's Patent, 342.
Van Home's Patent, 342. 343.
Van Kleek House. 275, 276.
Van Rensselaer, Killian, 156.
Patent, 603.
Robert, 316, 410, 417.
Stephen, 59, 157, 553.
Van Pchaick, Col., 478.
Myndert, 424.
Van Wart, Isaac, 700.
Varnish manufactory, 549.
Vaughan. Gen., 664.
Vaughan's Patent, 342, 343, 346, 348.
Verd Antique, 303.
Vermont controversy, 18.
militia at Pittsburgh, 234.
negotiations with the enemy, 300.
Sufferers' Tract, 224. 225.
Verplancks Point, 504, 569.
Veto power, 30, 31.
Vice manufactory, 2Sfi, 598.
Villages, officers of, 39.
Vineyards, 205, 628, 699.
Vlaie, Sacondaga. 314, 316, 318, 337.
Voters, by counties, 150.
16
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Vrooman's Land, 605.
Patent, 48, 342, 343, 348, 349, 601.
Wadsworth, James, 137, 382.
Walk-in-the-Water, steamer, 288.
Walloomsac Patent, 556, 686.
Valloons, settlement of, 371, 437.
Walton's Patent, 52, 265, 342, 348.
Tract, 489.
W*i worth, Reuben H., 592.
Wampum, 635.
Wards, date of formation, New York, 420.
Wards Island, 117, 419, 420, 427.
War of 1812-15 noticed, 45, 233, 353, 354,
355, 356, 358, 366, 372, 873, 398, 399,
404, 437, 513, 520, 525, 555, 574, 579,
581, 583, 633, 639, 687, 690, 694.
Warren, Sir Peter, 315, 409, 419.
Wars, French, 301, 305, 460, 461, 467, 503,
519, 533, 554, 556, 558, 586, 672, 685,
686.
Indian, 408, 415, 416, 478, 493, 555, 556,
559, 588, 597, 599, 661, 700.
Revolutionary, 164, 180, 233, 242, 244,
299, 331, 334, 366, 371, 415, 416, 531,
437, 438, 461, 467, 503, 504, 508, 519,
533, 535, 537, 538, 545, 648, 549, 550,
551, 554, 586, 587, 601, 604, 624, 633,
635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 642, 643, 646,
662, 663, 664, 668, 698, 699, 701, 702,
707, 708.
Washington College, 564.
Washington, General George, 273, 371, 467,
503, 504, 509, 536, 570, 699, 700.
inaugurated, 438.
Washington monument proposed, 423.
Water Cures, 180, 204, 220, 344, 385, 470,
497, 498, 658.
Waterlime, 24, 26, 155, 197, 199, 204, 207,
279, 282, 292, 305, 320, 340, 357, 374,
388, 390, 393, 394, 395, 454, 458, 469,
473, 482, 484, 485, 491, 497, 512, 514,
600, 613, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 666,
717.
Waterman's Society, 434.
Waterspouts, 352.
Waterworks, 160, 284, 312, 362, 363, 369,
424, 488, 509, 548. 561, 697, 706.
Watkins & Flint, 219, 610, 655.
Watson's Tract, 342, 349, 375.
Wawayanda Patent, 503, 506, 568.
Wax, product by counties, 107.
Wayne, Anthony, 569.
Weavers, number by counties, 153.
Webb, General, the coward, 461, 467, 672.
Webster, Ephraim, 479, 485, 489.
Weeds, noxious, 39.
Weights and measures, 38, 39, 427.
Welland Canal, 119, 520, 525.
Well, remarkable, 271.
Wells family murdered, 531.
Wells in N. Y., 418, 424.
Welsh settlement, 466.
Wesleyan Methodists, 144.
Western House of Refuge, 42, 404.
Inland Lock Navigation Co., 58, 346,
461, 466, 596.
West India Co., 437.
West Patent, 702, 703.
West Point, 504.
Whalebone manufactory, 546.
Whale fisheries, 124, 247, 632, 636, 638, 639.
Whales, drift, 124, 635.
Wharves, New York, 422.
Wheat, statistics of, 101, 104.
Wheelbarrow manufactory, 482, 484, 665.
Wheeler, Silas, 629.
Whetstones, 223.
Whip manufactory, 286.
Whitehouse, Rev. Dr., 137.
White Lead manufactory, 286, 368, 563,
566, 666.
Whiting manufactory, 368.
Wilbur, Hervey B., 488.
Wilkinson, General, expedition of, 310, 354,
356, 357, 574.
Jemima, 718, 719, 720, 721.
Wilkins Point, 45.
Willet's Patent, 345.
Willett, Colonel, 316, 411, 461, 607.
Williams College founded, 298.
Williams, David, 603, 700.
Ephraim, 298, 671.
Williamson. Charles, 384, 621, 622, 690,
692, 694.
Willis, N. P., 652.
Will of Sir Wm. Johnson, 315.
Windmill, battle of, 575.
Windmills, 635, 636, 637, 640.
Window Shade manufactory, 368.
Wire manufactory. 699, 708.
Wolf, 580, 581.
bounty frauds, 308.
Woman's Hospital, 432.
Wooden Ware manufac., 573, 580, 581, 591.
Woodhull, General N., 371, 634.
Woodworth, Lieutenant Solomon, 345.
Woolen manufactory, 110, 166, 175, 194,
199, 200, 203, 206, 212, 216, 220. 221,
229, 244, 248, 255, 260 261, 263, 265,
270, 272, 283, 289, 291, 292, 293, 301,
332, 343, 344, 346, 356, 362, 379, 386,
390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 400, 401, 402,
406, 407, 411,412, 413, 416, 454, 463,
466, 468, 471, 485, 486, 487, 505, 610,
514, 522, 535, 554, 561, 569, 584, 593,
597, 610, 611, 617, 618, 636, 651, 655.
658, 662, 663, 668, 681, 682, 683, 685,
695, 703, 704, 713, 715.
Wool growing, 168, 178, 186, 198, 208, 218,
223, 280, 320, 395, 492, 498, 609, 620,
628, 688, 710.
Woolsey, Lieutenant 525.
Wooster, Ebenezer, 258.
Workhouses, 280, 398, 425, 426, 475.
Worth, General, monument to, 423.
Wreckmasters, 117, 644, 631.
Wright, Benjamin, 59, 70, 519.
Silas, 576, 685.
Wyandance, Montauk sachem, 633, 634,
638.
Wyoming massacre, 265, 410.
Yarn manufactory, 276, 346, 505, 569.
Yellow fever, 428.
Yeo, Sir James, 399, 525, 694.
Yorkshire, on Long Island, 365, 544, 545.
Young, Brigham, 495.
John, 326.
Samuel, 59, 137, 481.
Young Men's Association, 147, 161, 275,
287, 369.
Christian Association, 146.
Christian Union, 147, 287.
Young's Patent, 342.
Zenger, Peter, trial of, 431.
Zinc ores, 26, 704.
Zinzendorf; Count, 274.
Zoological Garden, 423.
GAZETTEER
OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK.
STATE BOUNDARIES.
THE STATE OF NEW YORK is situated between 40 29 X 40" and
45 0' 42" N. latitude, and between 71 5V and 79 47' 25"
longitude w. of Greenwich. It is bounded on the N. by
Canada, E. by Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, s. by
the ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and w. by Pennsyl-
vania and Canada.
The Northern Boundary, commencing in the middle of Lake
Ontario, N. of the mouth of Niagara River, extends eastward
through the lake, midway between the opposite shores, to its
E. extremity, thence north-easterly through the St. Lawrence
River to the 45th parallel of N. latitude, and thence easterly
in a gradually diverging line from the parallel, and terminating
upon Lake Champlain 4,200 feet N. of it.
The Eastern Boundary extends s. through Lake Champlain to its s. extremity, thence a short
distance s. E. along Poultney River, and thence in an irregular line, but in a generally southerly
direction, to Lyons Point, at the mouth of Byram River, on Long Island Sound. From this
point the line extends eastward through the Sound, very near the Connecticut shore, to the E.
extremity of Long Island, including within the limits of the State nearly all the islands in the
Sound.
The Southern Boundary extends from the E. extremity of Long Island along the ocean to the
s. w. extremity of Staten Island, thence northward through the channel between Staten Island
and New Jersey and through New York Bay and the Hudson to the 41st parallel of N. latitude,
thence north-westerly to a point upon the Delaware at latitude 41 20' N., thence north-westerly
along Delaware River to latitude 42 N., and thence w. along the 42d parallel to a meridian passing
through the w. extremity of Lake Ontario.
The Western Boundary, commencing upon the 42d parallel, extends N. to the middle of Lake
Erie, thence eastward to the E. extremity of the lake, and thence N. through Niagara River and
to the middle of Lake Ontario. 1
i The boundary through Lake Ontario is 175 mi. ; through the
St. Lawrence, 108 mi. ; along the Canada frontier, E. of the St.
Lawrence, 62.75 mi.; through Lake Champlain, 105 mi. ; along
Poultney River, 17.25 mi.; the Vt. line, s. of that river, 54.06
mi.; the Mass, line, 50.52 mi.; the Conn, line, to Lyons Point,
on Long Island Sound, 81.20 mi.; through the Sound, 96 mi.;
along the ocean to the N. J. shore, 150 mi. ; through the Bay and
Hudson River, to latitude 41 N., 44 mi. ; along the N. J. line,
w. of the Hudson, 48.50 mi. ; through Delaware River, 78 mi.;
along the Penn. line, on latitude 42, 225.50 mi. ; on the me-
ridian to Lake Erie, 18.75 mi., and upon the meridian in Lake
Erie, 22 mi. ; through Lake Erie to Buffalo. 50 ini. ; and through
Niagara Kiver, 34 mi.
! II
18
NEW YORK GAZETTEER.
The boundaries of the State have been settled from time to time by commissioners appointed
by the several governments whose territories are contiguous. In several instances long and
angry controversies have occurred, which have extended through many years and almost led to
civil war. The boundaries are all now definitely fixed, except that of Conn., respecting which a
controversy is now pending. 1
1 Canada Boundary. By royal proclamation, issued in Oct.
1763, the line of 45 N. was fixed as the boundary between the
provinces of Quebec and New York, and this was confirmed in
council, August 12, 1768. The line was surveyed by Valentine
and Collins, October 20, 1774. By the treaty of 1783 the 45th
parallel was recognized as the N. boundary of the State from
Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence. By the treaty of Ghent
the same line was recognized as the boundary, and provisions
were made for a re-survey. In 1818-19, Gov. Van Ness and Peter
B. Porter on the part of the U. S., and John Ogilvie on the part
of Great Britain, ran the line with great care; and it was found
that the old line coincided with the parallel only at St. Regis,
and that from that point E. it diverged, until at Lake Cham-
plain it was 4,200 feet too far N. The deepest channel of the
SI. Lawrence was not always adopted, as a mutual exchange of
islands was made satisfactory to both parties. Before the N.
line was re-surveyed, in 1818, the U. S. Government had com-
menced the erection of a fortress at Rouses Point, on Lake
Champlain ; and this was found to be within the British terri-
tory. By the treaty of August 9, 1S42, the old line of Valentine
and Collins was restored, and the strip of territory before taken
off again came under the jurisdiction of the U. S. The com-
missioners to run the line under the treaty of 1842 were Albert
Smith on the part of the United States, and J. B. B. Estcourt
on the part of Great Britain.
Vernumt Boundary. The territory of Vermont was originally
claimed by both New York and New Hampshire, and conflicting
grants were made by the two governments. Most of the actual
settlers holding title under N. H. resisted the claims of N. Y.,
and many actual collisions occurred. Jan. 15, 1777, the settlers
declared themselves independent, and laid claim to the territory
r. to the Hudson, N. of Lansingburgh, and along the w. shore
of Lake Champlain. By an act of Congress passed Aug. 20, 1781,
they were required to recede from this claim. A final agree-
ment was entered into between Vt. and N. Y., Oct. 7, 1790, by
which N. Y. surrendered all her claim to jurisdiction to the
present territory of Vt., and Vt. paid $30,000 to certain persons
who had been deprived of laud- ^ranted by N. V. The boundary
line was run by Robert Yatcs, Robert R. Livingston, John Lan-
sing, jr., Gillian C. Vcrplanck. Simeon De Witt, Egbert Benson,
Richard Sill, and Melancthon Smith on the part of N. Y., and
Isaac Tichenor, Stephen R. Bradley. Nathaniel Chipman, Elijah
Paine, Ira Allen, Stephen, Jacob, and Israel Smith on the part
of Vt. The final line was established June 8, 1812.
Massachusetts Boundary. The charter of Massachusetts em-
braced all the territory between 44 and 48 N. latitude ' throuih-
out the Maine lands from sea to sea." Grants made under this
authority conflicted with th: se of N. Y., and angry controversies
ensued, which in colonial times often resulted in violence and
bloodshed. On the 18th of May. 17 S3, an agreement was en-
tered into between John Watts. Wm. Smith, Robert R. Livings-
ton, and Wm. Nicoll, commissioners on the part of N. Y., and
Wm. Brattle, Joseph Hawley. and John Hancock, on that of
Mass.; but the Revolution soon followed, and the line was never
run. Commissioners appointed \<y both States in 1783 failed
to agree; and December - I7 v "i. Congress appointed Thomas
Hutchins, John Ewing, and David Rittenhouse commissioners
to run the line and finally end the controversy. The claims of
Mass, to the hinds westward were finally settled at Hartford,
Conn., Dec. 16, 1786, by James Duane. Robert R. Livingston,
Robert Yates, John Haring, Melancthon Smith, nnd Egiiert
Benson, commissioners on the pait of N. Y., and John Lowell,
.Tames Sullivan, Theophilus Parsons, and Rufus King, on the
part of Mass. By this agreement Mass, surrendered the sove-
reignty of the whole disputed territory to N. Y., and received in
return the right of soil and pre-emptive right of Indian pur-
chase w. of a meridian passing through the 82d milestone of the
Penn. line, excepting certain reservations upon Niagara River.
The title to a tract known as ' The Boston Ten Towns," lying E.
of this meridian, previously granted by Mass., was also con-
firmed. Nantncket, Marthas Vineyard, and the adjacent islands,
were purchased from the Earl of Sterling by the Duke of York,
and civil jurisdiction was exercised over them, under the name
of " Dukes County," by the governors of N. Y., until it was an-
nexed to Mass, by the provincial charter of 1692. "Pemaquid
and its dependencies," comprising a considerable part of the
coast of Maine, was also bought from the Earl of Sterling, and
governed by N. Y., as " Cornwall Oiunly," until 1686, when it
was transferred to Mass. Boston Corner, a small arable tract in
the town of Mount Washington, separated by a rugged mountain
from the convenient jurisdiction of Maes, was surrendered by
that State May 14, 1853, accepted by N. Y. July 21, 1853, and
the transfer was confirmed by Congress, Jan. 3, 1855. Russell
Dorr was appointed on the part of N. Y., and John Z. Goodrich
by Massachusetts, to run and mark the line.
Connecticut Boundary. By the charter of 1662 the territory
of Conn, extended to the " South Sea;" and by patent granted
in 10o4 the territory of the Duke of York was bounded E. by
Connecticut River. Commissioners sent over in 1664 settled
upon a line 20 mi. E. of the Hudson as the boundary, fixing the
starting point on Mamaroneck River. The decision proving
grossly erroneous, the controversy was renewed, and in 1683
another commissioner was appointed to settle the matter. It
was finally agreed to allow Conn, to extend her boundaries w.
idong the Sound, and N. Y. to receive a compensation in the N.;
and the line was definitely established May, 1731. By this agree-
ment a tract called the ' Oblong," containing 61,440 acres, along
the N. part of the w. border of Conn., was surrendered to N. Y.
The exact line of Conn, has to the present day been a subject of
controversy, and in 1856 commissioners were appointed by each
State to effect a settlement, but without success. N. Y. owns all
the islands in the Sound to within a few rods of the Conn, shore.
JVf 10 Jersey Boundary. The original patent of New Jersey
was bounded N. by a line running directly from a point on the
Delaware, latitude 41 40', to a point on the Hudson, latitude
41, and E. by Hudson River. The N. line was run and marked in
1774, and the E. was claimed by N. Y. as extending only to low-
water mark on the adjacent waters. N. J. claimed "full right
and lawful authority to exercise jurisdiction in and over the said
Hudson River and the said main sea," including Staten Island,
and, by an act of Nov. 2. 1806, appointed Aaron Ogden, Wm. S.
Pennington, James Parker, Lewis Condict, and Alexander C.
McWhorter commissioners to settle her claims. The New York
Legislature, on the 3d of April, appointed Ezra L'Hommedieu,
Samuel Jones, Egbert Benson, Simeon De Witt, and Joseph C.
Yates to meet the commissioners of N. J. ; but their interviews
led to no result. The question of jurisdiction was finally settled
in 1833, by an agreement between Benj. F. Butler, Peter A. Gay,
and Henry Seymour on the part of N. Y., and Theodore Freling-
huysen, James Parker, and Lucius Q. C. Elmer on the part of
N. J. ; confirmed by N. Y. Feb. 5, by N. J. Feb. 26, and by Con-
gress June 28, 1834. The right of each State to land under water
and to fisheries extends to the center of the channel. The State
of N. Y. has sole jurisdiction over all the waters of the bay and
of the river w. of New York City to low-water mark on the
Jersey shore, except to wharves and vessels attached thereto.
This jurisdiction covers the waters of Kil Van Kull and of
Staten Island Sound to Woodbridge Creek, as for quarantine
purposes. South of this, N. J. has exclusive jurisdiction over
the waters of the Sound and of Raritan Bay westward of a line
from Princes Bay Light to Manhattan Creek, subject to right
of property in lands under water, of wharves, dorks, and ves-
sels aground or fastened to any wharf or dock, and the ri^ht of
fishing to the center of the channel.
Civil process in each State may be executed upon the waters
of the river and bay, except on board of vessels aground or at-
tached to wharves in the other State, or unless the person or
property be under arrest or seizure by virtue of authority of
the other State. By the late survey of N. J. the point of de-
parture of the boundary from the Delaware is 41 20'.
Pennsylvania Boundurics. The original boundary line be-
tween New York and Pennsylvania extended from the N. w.
corner of New Jersey along the center of Delaware River to
42 N. latitude, and thence due w. to Lake Erie. Samuel Hol-
land on the part of N. Y., and David Rittenhouse on the part
of Penn., were appointed commissioners, Nov. 8. 1774, to run
this boundary ; but the Revolution soon after commenced, and
nothing was done. In 1785-86 the line was run w. to the 90th
milestone, and the survey was certified Oct. 12, 1786, by James
Clinton and Simeon De Witt, of N. Y., and Andrew Elliott, of
Penn. By authority of the State Legislature, the N. Y. delegates
in Congress, March 1, 1781, released to the General Government
all the lands to which they had claim w. of a meridian extend-
ing through the w. extremity of Lake Ontario. The trian-
gular tract so surrendered was sold to Penn. for $151,640, and
secured to that State 30 mi. of lake coast and an excellent
harbor. The line was run by the U. S. Surveyor General in
1788-89.
TOPOGRAPHY.
Surface. This State lies upon that portion of the Appalachian Mountain system where the
mountains generally assume the character of hills and finally sink to a level of the lowlands that
surround the great depression filled by Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Three distinct
mountain masses or ranges enter the State from the s. and extend across it in a general N. E. direc-
tion. The first or most easterly of these ranges a continuation of the Blue Ilidge of Va. enters
the State from N. J. and extends N. E. through Rockland and Orange cos. to the Hudson, appears
on the E. side of that river, and forms the highlands of Putnam and Dutchess cos. A northerly
extension of the same range passes into the Green Mts. of Western Mass, and Vt. This range
culminates in the Highlands upon the Hudson. The highest peaks are 1,000 to 1,700 feet above
tide. The rocks which compose these mountains are principally primitive or igneous, and the
mountains themselves are rough, rocky, and precipitous, and unfit for cultivation. The deep
gorge formed by the Hudson in passing through this range presents some of the finest scenery in
America, and has often been compared to the celebrated valley of the Rhine.
The second series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends N. E. through Sullivan,
Ulster, and Greene cos., terminating and culminating in the Catskill Mts. upon the Hudson.
The highest peaks are 3,000 to 3,800 feet above tide. The Shawangunk Mts., a high and con-
tinuous ridge extending between Sullivan and Orange cos. and into the s. part of Ulster, is the
extreme E. range of this series. The Helderbergh and Hellibark Mts. are spurs extending N.
from the main range into Albany and Schoharie cos. This whole mountain system is principally
composed of the rocks of the New York system above the Medina sandstone. The summits are
generally crowned with old red sandstone and with the conglomerate of the coal measures. The
declivities are steep and rocky; and a large share of the surface is too rough for cultivation. The
highest peaks overlook the Hudson, and from their summits are obtained some of the finest views
in Eastern New York.
The third series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends N. E. through Broome,
Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Montgomery, and Herkimer cos. to the Mohawk, appears upon the
N. side of that river, and extends N. E., forming the whole series of highlands that occupy the N. K.
part of the State and generally known as the Adirondack Mountain region. South of the Mohawk
this mountain system assumes the form of broad, irregular hills, occupying a wide space of country.
It is broken by the deep ravines of the streams, and in many places the hills are steep and nearly
precipitous. The valley of the Mohawk breaks the continuity of the range, though the connec-
tion is easily traced at Little Falls, The Noses, and other places. North of the Mohawk the high-
lands extend N. E. in several distinct ranges, all terminating upon Lake Chaniplain. The cul-
minating point of the whole system, and the highest mountain in the State, is Mt. Marcy, 5,467
feet above tide. The rocks of all this region are principally of igneous origin, and the mountains
arc usually wild, rugged, and rocky. A large share of the surface is entirely unfit for cultiva-
tion ; but the region is rich in minerals, and especially in an excellent variety of iron ore. West
of these ranges, series of hills forming spurs of the Alleganies enter the State from Penn. and
occupy the entire s. half of the w. part of the State. An irregular line extending through the
southerly counties forms the watershed that separates the northern and southern drainage; and
from it the surface gradually declines northward until it finally terminates in the level of Lake
Ontario. 1 The portion of the State lying s. of this watershed and occupying the greater part of
1 TABLE
Of Heights of Hie Principal Summits in the State.
NAME OF MOUNT.
LOCATION.
FEET.
NAME OF MOUNT.
LOCATION.
FEET.
5 467
3000
Dix Peak
5,200
3,400
Mount Mclntvre
6 183
2 400
" McMartin
5,000
Walnut Hill
K
1,9*0
5 000
1,700
" Ripple Top
4,900
1,743
' White Face
4 000
1,6^5
' Pharaoh
4.500
1,471
' Taylor
4 500
Bull Hill
1 5sii
' Scward
5 100
11
1,228
' Einmons
4 U' '0
Butter Hill
1,5"9
1 Crane
3000
tt
1.418
Round Top
:; M4
U
1.350
Hiich Peak...
it
3.718
Break Neck....
It
1,187
19
20
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
the two southerly tiers of counties is entirely occupied by these hills. Along the Penn. line they
are usually abrupt and are separated by narrow ravines, but toward the N. their summits become
broader and less broken. A considerable portion of the highland region is too steep for profitable
cultivation and is best adapted to grazing. The highest summits in Allegany and Cattaraugus
cos. are 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide.
From the summits of the watershed the highlands usually descend toward Lake Ontario in
series of terraces, the edges of which are the outcrops of the different rocks which underlie the
surface. These terraces are usually smooth, and, although inclined toward the N., the inclination
is generally so slight that they appear to be level. Between the hills of the s. and the level land
of the N. is a beautiful rolling region, the ridges gradually declining toward the N. That part
of the State s. of the most eastern mountain range the surface is generally level or broken by low
hills. In New York and Westchester cos. these hills are principally composed of primitive rocks.
The surface of Long Island is generally level or gently undulating. A ridge 150 to 200 feet high,
composed of sand, gravel, and clay, extends E. and w. across the island N. of the center.
Rivers and Lakes. The river system of the State has two general divisions, the first
comprising the streams tributary to the great lakes and the St. Lawrence, and the second those
which flow in a general southerly direction. The watershed which separates these two systems
extends in an irregular line eastward from Lake Erie through the southern tier of counties to near
the N.E. corner of Chemung ; thence it turns N. E. to the Adirondack Mts. in Essex co., thence
s. E. to the E. extremity of Lake George, and thence nearly due E. to the E. line of the State. 1
The northerly division has 5 general subdivisions. The most westerly of these comprises all
the streams flowing into Lake Erie and Niagara River and those flowing into Lake Ontario w. of
Genesee River. In Chautauque co. the streams are short and rapid, as the watershed approaches
within a few mi. of Lake Erie. Cattaraugus, Buffalo, Tonawanda, and Oak Orchard Creeks are
the most important streams in this division. Buffalo Creek is chiefly noted for forming Buffalo
Harbor at its mouth; and the Tonawanda for 12 miles from its mouth is used for canal navi-
gation. Oak Orchard and other creeks flowing into Lake Ontario descend from the interior in a
series of rapids, affording a large amount, of water-power.
The second subdivision comprises the Genesee River and its tributaries. The Genesee rises
in the N. part of Penn. and flows in a generally northerly direction to Lake Ontario. Its upper
course is through a narrow valley bordered by steep, rocky hills. Upon the line of Wyoming and
Livingston cos. it breaks through a mountain barrier in a deep gorge and forms the Portage Falls,
one of the finest waterfalls in the State. Below this point the course of the river is through a
beautiful valley 1 to 2 mi. wide and bordered by banks 50 to 150 ft. high. At Rochester it flows
over the precipitous edges of the Niagara limestone, forming the Upper Genesee Falls ; and 3 mi.
below it flows over the edge of the Medina sandstone, forming the Lower Genesee Falls. The
principal tributaries of this stream are Canaseraga, Honeoye, and Conesus Creeks from the E., and
Oatka and Black Creeks from the w. Honeoye, Canadice, Hemlock, and Conesus Lakes lie within
the Genesee Basin.
The third subdivision includes the Oswego River and its tributaries and the small streams flow-
ing into Lake Ontario between Genesee and Oswego Rivers. The basin' of the Oswego includes
most of the inland lakes which form a peculiar feature of the landscape in the interior of the State.
The principal of these lakes are Cayuga, Seneca, Canandaigua, Skaneateles, Crooked, and Owasco,
all occupying long, narrow valleys, and extending from the level land in the center far into the
highland region of the s. The valleys which they occupy appear like immense ravines formed by
some tremendous force, which has torn the solid rocks from their original beds, from the general
level of the surrounding summits, down to the present bottoms of the lakes. 2 Oneida and Onondaga
l TABLE
Showing the height abort tide of the passes between the principal river basins of the State.
BETWEEN
AT
FEET.
BETWEEN
AT
FEET.
Hudson Biver and Ramapo River
" " " Delaware River ....
Moncey
557
900
427
557
1,373
1,127
1,247
Susquehanna River and Cayuga Lake
" " " Seneca Lake.
" " " Genesee Riv..
Genesee River and Allegany River....
Ithaca Summit...
Horse Heads
Alfred Summit...
Cuba
Little Val. Sum...
960
884
1,780
1,699
1,614
536
1.120
1,050
Otisville
" " " Neversink River....
" " Lake Ontario
Wawarsing
Rome
" tt <* Lake Erie
Tonawanda
Deposit Summit..
Delaware Rirer and Susqnchanna Riv.
Susquehanna River and Mohawk Riv.
" " " Oneida Lake..
Mohawk River and Lake Ontario
" " " Black River
Lake Champlain and St. Lawrence...
Boonville
Tully
Chateaugay Sum.
The most remarkable passes through the mountains are, first,
that of the Hudson, through the eastern mountains ; second,
that of Wood Creek, from the Hudson to Lake Champlain ; and,
third, that of the Mohawk, through the central mountains.
" The ravines of these lakes, and the streams which flow down
parallel to them, are usually bordered by steep hillsides, the
strata of which lie in parallel layers nearly level E. and w., nnd
slightly inclined toward the S. Upon the opposite banks the
TOPOGRAPHY.
21
Lakes occupy basins upon the level land in the N. E. part of the Oswego Basin. Mud Creek, the
most westerly branch of Oswego'River, takes its rise in Ontario co., flows N. E. into Wayne, where
it unites with Canandaigua Outlet and takes the name of Clyde River; thence it flows E. to the
w. line of Cayuga co., where it empties into Seneca River. This latter stream, made up of the
outlets of Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, from this point flows in a N. E. course, and receives success-
ively the outlets of Owasco, Skaneateles, Onondaga, and Oneida Lakes. From the mouth of the
last-named stream it takes the name Oswego River, and its course is nearly due N. to Lake Ontario.
The fourth subdivision includes the streams flowing into Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence E. of
the mouth of the Oswego. The principal of these are Salmon, Black, Oswegatchie, Grasse, and
Racket Rivers. These streams mostly take their rise upon the plateau of the great Northern
wilderness, and in their course to the lowlands are frequently interrupted by falls, furnishing an
abundance of water-power. The water i usually very dark, being colored with iron and the
vegetation of swamps.
The fifth subdivision includes all the streams flowing into Lakes George and Champlain. They
are mostly mountain torrents, frequently interrupted by cascades. The principal streams are the
Chazy, Saranac, and Au Sable Rivers, and Wood Creek. Deep strata of tertiary clay extend along
the shores of Lake Champlain and Wood Creek. The water of most of the streams in this region
is colored by the iron over which it flows.
The second general division of the river-system of the State includes the basins of the Allegany,
Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson. The Allegany Basin embraces the southerly half of Chau-
tauque and Cattaraugus cos. and the s. w. corner of Allegany. The Allegany River enters the
State from the s. in the s. E. corner of Cattaraugus co., flows in nearly a semicircle, with its out-
ward curve toward the N., and flows out of the State in the s. w. part of the same co. It receives
several tributaries from the N. and E. These streams mostly flow : n deep ravines bordered by
steep, rocky hillsides. The watershed between this basin and Lake Erie approaches within a few
miles of the lake, and is elevated 800 to 1,000 feet above it.
The Susquehanna Basin occupies about one-third of the s. border of the State. The river takes
its rise in Otsego Lake, and, flowing s. w. to the Penn. line, receives Charlotte River from the s.
and the Unadilla from the N. After a course of a few miles in Penn. it again enters the State, and
flows in a general westerly direction to near the w. border of Tioga co., whence it turns s. and
again enters Penn. Its principal tributary from the N. is Chenango River. Tioga River enters
the State from Penn. near the E. border of Steuben co., flows N., receives the Canisteo from the w.
and the Conhocton from the x. From the mouth of the latter the stream takes the name Chemung
River, and flows in a s. E. direction, into the Susquehanna in Penn., a few miles s. of the State
line. The upper course of these streams is generally through deep ravines bordered by steep
hillsides; but below they are bordered by wide and beautiful intervales.
The Delaware Basin occupies Delaware and Sullivan and portions of several of the adjacent cos.
The N. or principal branch of the river rises in the N.E. part of Delaware co. and flows s. w. to
near the Penn. line ; thence it turns s. E. and forms the boundary of the State to the line of N. J.
Its principal branches are the Pepacton and Neversink Rivers. These streams all flow in deep,
narrow ravines bordered by steep, rocky hills.
The Basin of the Hudson occupies about two-thirds of the E. border of the State, and a large
territory extending into the interior. The remote sources of the Hudson are among the highest
peaks of the Adirondacks, more than 4,000 feet above tide. Several of the little lakes which" form
reservoirs of the Upper Hudson are 2,500 to 3,000 feet above tide. The stream rapidly descends
through the narrow defiles into Warren co., where it receives from the E. the outlet of Schroon
Lake, and Sacondaga River from the w. Below the mouth of the latter the river turns eastward,
and breaks through the barrier of the Luzerne Mts. in a series of rapids and falls. At Fort Ed-
ward it again turns s. and flows with a rapid current, frequently interrupted by falls, to Troy,
160 miles from the ocean. At this place the river falls into an estuary, where its current is
affected by the tide; and from this place to its mouth it is a broad, deep, sluggish stream. About
60 miles from its mouth the Hudson breaks through the rocky barrier of The Highlands, form-
ing the most easterly of the Appalachian Mt. Ranges ; and along its lower course it is bordered on
the w. by a nearly perpendicular wall of basaltic rock 300 to 500 feet high, known as "The Pal-
isades." Above Troy the Hudson receives Hoosick River from the E. and the Mohawk from the
w. The former stream rises in Western Mass, and Vt., and the latter near the center of the State.
dissevered edges of the strata exactly correspond, showing that
the intermediate portions have been torn away. The force that
effected these immense changes was probably great currents of
water from the N., the direction being determined by the cha-
racter of the boulders upon the hills, and by tlie peculiar nature
of the drift deposits.
22
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
At Little Falls and "The Noses" the Mohawk breaks through mountain barriers in a deep, rocky
ravine ; and at Cohoes, about 1 mile from its mouth, it flows down a perpendicular precipice of 70
feet, forming an excellent water-power. Below Troy the tributaries of the Hudson are all com-
paratively small streams. South of the Highlands the river spreads out into a wide expanse known
as "Tappan Bay." A few small streams upon the extreme E. border of the State flow eastward
into the Housatonic ; and several small branches of Passaic River rise in the s. part of Rockland co.
Lake Erie forms a portion of the w. boundary of the State. It is 240 miles long, with an average
width of 38 miles, and it lies mostly w. of the bounds of the State. It is 334 feet above Lake On-
tario, 565 feet above tide, and has an average depth of 120 feet. The greatest depth ever obtained
by soundings is 270 feet. The harbors upon the lake are Buffalo, Silver Creek, Dunkirk, and
Barcelona.
Niagara River, forming the outlet of Lake Erie, is 34 miles long, and, on an average, more
than a mile wide. 1 About 20 miles below Lake Erie the rapids commence ; and 2 miles further
below are Niagara Falls. 2 For 7 miles below the falls the river has a rapid course between
perpendicular, rocky banks, 200 to 300 feet high ; but below it emerges from the Highlands and
flows 7 miles to Lake Ontario in a broad, deep, and majestic current.
Lake Ontario forms a part of the N. boundary to the w. halfof the State. Its greatest length is
130 miles and its greatest width 55 miles. It is 232 feet above tide, and its greatest depth is GOO
feet. Its principal harbors on the American shore are Lewiston, Youugston, Port Genesee, Sodus
and Little Sodus Bays, Oswego, Sackets Harbor, and Cape Vincent. St. Lawrence River forms
the outlet of the lake and the N. boundary of the State to the E. line of St. Lawrence co. It is a
broad, deep river, flowing with a strong yet sluggish current until it passes the limits of this
State. In the upper part of its course it encloses a great number of small islands, known as
"The Thousand Islands." 3
The surfaces of the great lakes are subject to variations of level, probably due to prevailing
winds, unequal amounts of rain, and evaporation. The greatest difference known in Lake Erie is
7 feet, and in Lake Ontario 4J feet. The time of these variations is irregular ; and the interval
between the extremes often extends through several years. A sudden rise and fall, of several
feet, has been noticed upon Lake Ontario at rare intervals, produced by some unknown cause.
IVavigable Waters. The natural internal navigation of the State is very extensive.
Before the commencement of internal improvements, the rivers and lakes formed the most easy
moans of communication between distant portions of the State; and along these natural channels
of commerce the early settlements were principally made. 4 The most important lines of early
i TABLE
.Of the heights f.bove tide of the principal lakes in Vie State.
NAME OF LAKE.
LOCATIOX.
FEET.
2900
ti, it
J -.'1
(i tt
1 'i::fi
" Sandford
it ti
1.8-36
1 T'.il
Fulton Lakes. (6, 7, and 8)..
it tt
1.776
tt it
1,745
Forked "
tt (.
1 704
1.69S
1 665
Fill ton Lakes, (3, 4, and 5)..
1.645
tt
1,575
1.570
1,567
tt
1,545
Rich "
1.545
1,527
1 500
1 291
Tnlly "
1 2nO
<rlmvler "
1 "01
it t.
1.193
Madison "
900
Skaneatflea "
860
Crooked "
Yates "
718
670
66S
Seneca i
447
Cavii'M '
3S7
< )nniil;l *
369
Onondaga *
361
Lake Erie
** George
** Ontario
232
i( Chainplain....
93
2 For a more full description of Niagara Falls, see page 450.
3 The river scenery upon the St. Lawrence is uusurpa*M d. The
water is perfectly pure and nearly transparent. In consequence
of its being fed by the great lake reservoirs, it is never subject
to sudden rises, but steadily pursues its majestic way to the
ocean, unaffected by the changes of the seasons or other cau.> -a.
4 The navigable waters X. of the great watershed before the
completion of the Erie Canal were as follows:
<'<itf'trangus Creek, about 1 mi. from its ni"iith.
Buffalo Creek. boataMe S mi. from Lake Erie.
Tonawanda d-etk, beatable 30 mi. from its mouth.
Niagara River, navigable for vessels of any size from Buffalo to
Schlosser, at the head of the Rapids, a distnu'e of li'J mi.;
also from Lewiston to Lake Ontario, a distance of 7 mi.
Oak Orchard Creek, lioatable 4 mi. from its mouth.
Genesee River, to Carthage Landing, a distance of 5 mi.; and
from Rochester to Mt. Morris for boats.
Oswego River was navigated with great difficxilty by bateaux,
with a portage at Oswego Falls, now Fulton.
Oneida Outlet and La'.e were navigable for bateaux, and for
many years constituted a portion of the great thoroughfare
between the E. and w.
Seneca River was boatable to Cayussi Lake, and to Seneca Lake
with one portage at Seneca Falls; Clyde River was boatable
to Lyons.
The Interior Lakes, including Seneca, Cayuga, Canandnigun,
Onondaga, Ovvasco, Skaneateles, Crooked, Chautauque, and
Otsego, are all navigable. Steamers have plied upon each
of them.
Fish Creek was navigable to Rome with canoes. A portage of
less than 1 mi. intervened between this stream and the Mo-
hawk River.
Sttmrai River was navigable to Port Ontario.
Salmon Creek was navigable on each branch, for small vessels,
about 1 mi. from the lake.
Black Rirer was navigable for large vessels from the lake to
Dexter, a distance of 6 mi., and for boats and small steamers
from Carthage to Lyons Falls, a distance of 43 mi.
Lake Ontario, with all its bays and inlets, is navigable for ve>
sels of all sizes.
TOPOGRAPHY.
23
inland navigation were, first, N. from Albany, through the Hudson to Fort Edward, thence a
portage to Fort Ann, and thence by Wood Creek to Lake Champlain; and, second, w. from Albany,
by way of the Mohawk, Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, and Oswego River, to Lake Ontario. Upon the
latter route were portages at several of the rifts of the Mohawk, from the Mohawk to Wood Creek,
and at Oswego Falls.
Tides. The tides at New York Harbor and along the coast have been carefully observed,
under the direction of the Coast Survey. The tidal wave from the Sound, as it moves forward
in a wedge-shaped channel, becomes augmented, whilst that from Sandy Hook is slightly dimin-
ished. These two waves meet in East River, at points between Hell Gate and Throggs Neck. 1
Cranberry and French Creeks were beatable about 2 mi. from
their mouths.
Indian River and Black Lake were navigable from Rossie to the
foot of the lake.
Oswegatchie River is navigable in high water for rafts from Ox
Bow to Ogdensburgh.
Racket River was formerly boatable about IS mi. from its mouth,
but l navigation is now destroyed by dams. In the wil-
derness near the headwaters of this river are several miles
of slack water navigation.
St. Regis River is navigable for steamboats 2 mi. from its mouth.
Salmrm River, navigable to Fort Covington.
St. Lawrence River is navigable for vessels of any size from the
lake to Ogdensburgh. Below that point rafts, arks, and
boats could descend, but could ascend only by towing with
horses and cattle up the principal rifts. Locks and canals
have been constructed around the Rapids by the Canadian
Government, so that the navigation for steamboats, sloops,
and schooners is now uninterrupted from Luke Ontario to
the ocean.
Wood Creek was boatable from Fort Ann to Lake Champlain.
Lake Gerrrge is navigable for boats and steamers.
Lake Cliamplain is navigable for all kinds of vessels. Rafts were
formerly sent down to the St. Lawrence; but vessels could
not ascend the Richlieu until after the construction of a
canal and locks ar< und the Rapids.
Cha:y River is navigable to Champlain Landing.
The navigable waters s. of the great watershed were as fnlluws:
Allegany River, in high water, is navigable for small steamers
up to Olean.
Connewango Creek and several of its tributaries are navigable for
rafts in high water.
Susrjuehanna River was navigable for boats, in high water, to
Otsego Lake.
l TIDE
The following table, prepared by A. D. Bache. Superintendent
Hudson. The time is that after the last preceding transit of the
is mean low tide.
Unadilla River was also boatable for a considerable distance.
Cltenango River and several of its tributaries were boatable in
high water.
Chemun// River was boatable and navigable for rafts in high
water.
Ci'Vltnctrm River was boatable to Bath.
Timjn Iliver and the Canisteo were also boatable a considerable
distance.
Delaware River is navigable for rafts in high water. Immense
quantities of lumber have been floated down the Delaware
and Susquehanna to the markets of Philadelphia and Balti-
more.
Hurl .,,1 Hirrr is navigable for ships to Hudson, and by sloops
ami steamers to Troy, linats formerly ascended to Fort Ed-
ward, with portnges around the Falls.
Rondmd and ffappinger (.'neks are navigable each about 2 mi.
from their mouths.
.V </.<'. //.irrwas boatable from Pchenectady to " Fort Start-
ups," nnw Rome, with si vial interruptions. The principal
obstructions were the ' Fix Flats Rift," 6 mi. above Sche-
nectady; "Fort Hunter Kift;" " Gmghnawaga Rift," at
Canajoharie; "Ehlcs Rift." near Fort Plain: ''Kneisherns
Rift," near the Upper Indian Castle; and the '-Little Falls,"
which was a compMe bar to upward navigation and re-
quired a portage around it.
H,i , ,,'i-it/ii Kiver is navigable for small steamers from Hadley
to Northampton, a distance of 20 mi. In and aroutd New
York and Long Island tin- bays, creeks, and iulets are nearly
all navigable in high tide.
Peconic River is navigable to Riverhrtd.
fi>/riim Hirrr is navigablr t" l'"i t Cluster.
Bronx llin r is navigable to West Farms, a distance of 3 mi.
Harlem River can be navigated by small craft from Kast River
to High Bridge.
TABLES.
of the Coast Survey, shows the progress of the tidal wave up the
moon across the meridian at Sandy Hook. The plane of reference
&
.|
o
1
1
E
S
1
'1
1
"c
a
3
S*
E-B
^
S +z
^H
C
^
gj
"<5
"2
I
S 2
^2 >
I
JL
1
1
1
K
1
1
I
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
11. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
ir. M.
H. M.
H. M.
Time after last preceding transit at S. II.
Rise of highest tide above plane of reference.
Fall of lowest tide below " " "
7.29
7.1 ft.
1.4
S.14
6.1 ft.
2.2
9.24
5.0 ft.
0.9
10.10
4.7 ft.
0.8
11.5
4.9 ft.
0.8
13.0
5.6 ft.
1.1
13.50
C..4 ft.
1.5
15.41
6.0 ft.
1.6
16.54
4.9ft.
0.8
17.45
6.4 ft.
1.7
Fall of mean low water of spring tides below
plane of reference
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
Height of mean low water of neap tides
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
Mean rise and fall of tides . .
4.8
4.3
3.59
3.12
2.71
3.24
3.95
3.67
2.66
2.46
" " " " "springtides
5.6
5.1
4.-,
3.8
3.4
4.0
4.8
4.3
3.3
3.2
" " " " " neap tides
4.0
3.4
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
3.0
2.8
1.8
1.1
H. M.
H. H.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
Mean duration, reckoning from Tof rise...
6.10
6.0
6.5
5.25
5.28
5.41
5.40
5.18
5.1
4.26
the middle of one stand -c of fall...
6.15
6.25
6.18
7.12
7.10
6.44
6.54
7.02
7.23
8.4
to the middle of the next, (of stand.
0.21
0.23
Tide table for the shores of Long Island and atljacent places in New York. Time after moon's transit andplane.of reference as aloi-e.
~
^i
s
ii
|
1
>s
2
e
1*
<
t
S
S,
g>
s
X:
S
g
1
"33
I
*
til
f
H. M.
II. V.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
8.20
9.38
11.7
11.13
11.22
11.20
transit and time of high water. \ Diff. between greatest and least interval.
1.11
2.4 ft.
1.8
1.9
1.7
2.3 ft.
2.9
2.5
0.51
9.2 ft.
5.4
7.3
0.31
8.9 ft.
6.4
7.7
0.32
8.6 ft.
6.6
7.6
0.39
9.2 ft.
6.1
7.3
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
(Flood tide
6.7
6.1
6.8
5.55
5.51
5.50
6.7
0.31
6.21
0.37
6.24
6.30
0.14
6.35
0.12
6.33
0.43
(Stand
Report of Coast Survey, 1856, p. 122.
GEOLOGY.
OCR knowledge of the geology of the State is derived from the survey made under State authority
from 1836 to 1843, and from the investigations of several eminent geologists who have examined
particular localities. 1
Rocks. The geological formations of the State include the igneous or primary rocks, and all
the strata lying between them and the coal measures of Penn. The classification adopted by the
State geologists, embracing all the rocks above the primary, is known as the " New York system,"
the rocks being identical with the Silurian and Devonian system of the English geologists. The
igneous or primary rocks, including granite, gneiss, and other varieties destitute of organic
remains, occupy the greater part of the mountainous region in the N. E. part of the State, the
Highlands upon the Hudson, and a considerable portion of the country below, including Man-
hattan Island. A portion of these rocks are imperfectly stratified, and are generally ftund in
broken and disrupted masses with the strata highly inclined. The remaining portions of the State
are occupied by series of stratified rocks, generally extending E. and w. and varying in thickness
from a few inches to several hundred feet. The strata overlie each other, and have a slight dip
toward the s., so that a person in traveling from the N. border of the State to the Penn. line would
successively pass over the exposed edges of the whole series. Toward the E. these strata all are
bent, and appear to be arranged around the primitive region in the same order in which they lie
elsewhere. The highest of the series of rocks found in the State forms the floor of the coal
measures ; so that it is perfectly futile to search for coal within the limits of the State. The rocks
are distinguished by their color, quality, and situation, and by the fossils which they contain.
In many instances a stratum disappears entirely, and in others strata of several hundred feet in
thickness in one place are but a few feet thick in another. In places where many strata are
wanting and two rocks usually widely separated are found in contact, the geologist is obliged to
depend entirely upon the fossils which they contain to determine their classification. 2
l In 1799, Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, under the auspices of the
" Society for Promoting Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures,"
published an essay upon the rocks in the State. While the Erie
Canal was in process of construction, Stephen Van Kensselaer
employed Prof. Amos Eaton to prepare an account of the rocks
along the canal route. Thia was published in 1824. Prof. Eaton's
work was one of great merit : and to him we are indebted for the
first accurate knowledge ever obtained of the general system of
rocks in the State.
i in the 15th of April, 1836, an act was passed authorizing a
geological survey of the State. The State was divided into four
districts, to each of which were appointed a geologist and an
assistant. A zoologist, botanist, mineralogist, and paleontologist
were appointed for the whole State.
The First District included the counties of Albany, Columbia,
Delaware, Dutchess, Greene, Kings, New York, Orange, Putnam,
Queens, Rensselaer, Richmond, Rockland, Saratoga, Schenectady,
Schoharie, Suffolk, Sullivan, Ulster, Washington, and West-
Chester. Wm. W. Mather was appointed Principal Geologist,
and Caleb Briggs, J. Lang Cassels. and Seymour, Assistants.
The Report, in 1 vol. 4to, was published in 1843.
The Second District, consisting of the counties of Clinton, Es-
sex, Franklin, Jefferson, St. Lawrence, and Warren, was placed
under the charge of Dr. Ebenezer Emmons, Principal, and Jas.
Hall and E. Emmons, jr., Assistants. The Report, in 1 vol., was
published in 1S42.
The Third District, consisting of the counties of Broome,
Cayuga, Chenango. Cortland, Fulton, Herkimer, Lewis, Madison,
Montgomery, Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego, Otsego, Tioga, and the
E. half of Tompkins, was placed under charge of Lardner Van
Uxem, Principal, and Jas. .Eights and E. S. Can, Assistants. The
Report, in 1 vol.. was published in 1842.
The fourth District, consisting of the counties of Allegany,
Cattaraugus, Chautauque, Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Livingston,
Monroe, Niagara, Ontario, Orleans. Seneca, Steuben. the w. half
of Tompkius, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yates, was assigned to Jas.
Hall, Principal, and J. W. Boyd and E. N. Horsford, Assistants.
The Report was published in 1 vol. in 1843.
The JUineralogical Department was assigned to Dr. Lewis C.
Beck, Principal, and Wm. Horton and L. D. Gale, Assistants.
The Report, in 1 vol., was published in 1842.
The Zoological Department was assigned to Dr. Jas. E. De Kav,
Principal, and John W. Hill, Draftsman. The Report, in 5 vols..
was published in 1842-13 : Vol. I, Mammalia, with General In-
troduction by Gov. Seward ; Vol. Il, Ornithology; Vols. Ill and
IV, Reptiles and Fishes; Vol. V, Mollusca and Crustacea.
The Botanical Department was assigned to Dr. John Torry.
The Report, in 2 vols., was published in 1843.
The Agricultural Department was assigned to Dr. Ebenezer
Snimons. The Report, in 5 vols., was published from 1846 to
1854, Vol. I, Soils and Climate ; Vol. II, Analysis and Results
of Experiments; Vols. Ill and IV, Fruits; Vol. V, Insects.
The Paleontolntrical Department was assigned to T. A. Conrad,
in 1837. He resigned in 1843, and was succeeded by Prof. Jas.
Hall. The Report, to consist of 5 vols., is in process of publica-
tion. Two vols. are already issued : and the third is in press.
A geological map, accompanying the Reports, is issued with
this work.
2 The following is the classification of the New York system,
with the position which the different strata occupy in the classi-
fication of English geologists. The order of the arrangement
is from below upward :
Primitive or Igneous Rocks.
Taconic System.
Potsdam Sandstone.
Calciferous Sandstone.
Chazy Limestone.
Birdseye Limestone.
Black River Limestone.
Trenton Limestone.
Utica Slate.
Hudson River Group, Lorraine Shales.
Oneida Conglomerate, Shawangunk Grit.
Medina Sandstone.
Clinton Group.
Niagara Group, Coraline Limestone in the east.
(Red Shales.
Onondaga Salt Group./ Green Shales.
(Gypsum.
Waterlime Group.
Pentamerus Limestone.
Delthyris Shaly Limestone.
Upper Pentamerous Limestone.
Oriskany Sandstone.
Cauda Galli Grit.
Schoharie Grit.
Onondaga Limestone.
Corniferous Limestone.
Marcellus Shale.
(Lndlowville Shales.
Hamilton Group.^ Encrinal Limestone.
(Moscow Shales.
Tully Limestone.
Genesee Slate.
(Coshaqua Shales.
Portage Groupx Gardeau Flag Stones.
(Portage Sandstone
Chemung Group.
Old Red Sandstone.
Conglomerate of the Coal Measures.
GEOLOGY.
25
The Catskill Mts. are composed principally of Old Red Sandstone ; and the tops of some of the
higher peaks are covered with the conglomerate of the coal measures. New Red Sandstone is
found in a few localities along the Hudson, below the Highlands. Trap, a rock of volcanic origin,
forms the Palisades upon the Hudson ; and trap dikes are common in the primitive region of
the N. Tertiary clay, in deep strata, extends along the valleys of Lake Champlain and St. Law-
rence River. Drift, including loose deposits of boulders, gravel, sand, and clay, is found in most
parts of the State, in some places covering the rocks beneath to the depth of several hundred
feet. The character of this drift, the peculiar forms which it has assumed, and the position which
it occupies, all give evidence of some great general moving power which existed after the stratified
rocks were lifted from their original beds, and ages before the present order of things was
instituted.
Within more recent periods, considerable changes have been wrought by the action of present
streams of water and the wasting agencies of the atmosphere and frost. From these are derived
marl, alluvium, and the greater part of the soils. The thickness of the rock strata is generally
determined by its outcrop along the ravines of the streams, and by Artesian wells, which have
been sunk to a great depth in different parts of the State. 1
Metallic Minerals. The principal metals in the State are iron and lead, the former
only of which is found in sufficient quantity and purity to render its manufacture profitable. Iron
ore is found in three distinct varieties, viz., magnetic oxide or magnetite, specular oxide or red
hematite, and hydrous peroxide or limonite. Magnetic ore is widely diffused throughout the
primitive region. It is usually found in beds between the rock strata, parallel to the mountain
ranges ; and sometimes it is blended with the rock. The beds in many places are immense in
extent, and the ore is 75 to 95 per cent, pure iron. 2 Specular iron ore is found in narrow beds
between the igneous and sedimentary rocks. It is principally found in St. Lawrence and Jeffer-
son cos. 3 A variety of this ore, known as argillaceous iron ore or clay ironstone, is associated
with the lower strata of the Clinton group, extending from Herkimer to Monroe co. It is
found in beds 2J feet thick and about 20 feet apart, and its general form is that of flattened grains.
Limonite is found also associated with the igneous rocks and in various other localities. It is
usually in the form of shot or bog ore, or yellow ocher. It is wrought to a considerable extent
in Richmond, Orange, Putnam, Dutchess, Columbia, Washington, Franklin, St. Lawrence,
Jefferson, and Lewis cos. Bog ore is probably found, to a greater or less extent, in every co. in
the State. The iron made from it is usually tough and soft. 1
Lead ore is found in St. Lawrence, Ulster, Dutchess, Westchester, Orange, Columbia, Lewis,
Jefferson, and Sullivan cos. ; and in several of them the mines have been worked to some extent.
The Rossie Mines, of St. Lawrence, are the only ones now wrought. 5 Copper ore in the form of
New Red Sandstone.
Tertiary.
Diluvial or Drift.
Quaternary.
The Taconic system is claimed by some as corresponding to
the Cambrian system of Mr. Sedgwick, and by others to be
newer formations changed by heat.
l TABLE
Showing the depths of the principal Artesian wells in the Slate.
COUNTY.
LOCALITY.
DEPTH.
PRODUCT.
Albany
u
City
" Ferry St
Monte zuma...
128
617
200
228
394
127
50
626
448
280
314
600
400
80 to 390
140
250
400
Fresh water.
Mineral water.
Brine.
Fresh watei
Weak brine.
Fresh water
Weak brine and gas.
Fresh water.
tt
11 U
ft t(
(t tt
tt tt
Brine.
Weak brine.
tt tt
" " and gas.
Jaynga.
Columbia
Delaware
Jefferson
Livingston...
New York...
(( U
" "
Oneida
Onondaga. ..
tt
Orleans
Wayne
Elk Brook
Watertown
York
U.S. Hotel
Bleeker St
ByManhatt'n co.
TJtica
Syracuse
u
(t
Oak Orchard
Savannah
<c
Little Sodus and
Clyde
1
The deepest Artesian well in the U. S. is at St. Louis, Mo.,
and is 2199 feet deep. A well at Louisville, Ky., is 2086 feet
deep ; and another at Columbus, Ohio, 1900 feet deep.
- The principal mines which hare been worked in the northern
primitive region are in Warren, Essex, Clinton, St. Lawrence,
and Franklin cos. So common are particles of iron in the rocks
of this region that the iron sand upon the banks of the streams
is sufficiently pure to repay the labor of collecting for the forge.
Magnetic ores are also abundant in Orange co.. and mines have
there been worked since the earliest, periods. This ore has also
been found among the igneous rocks of Kockland, Westchester,
Putnam, Washington, Saratoga, Hamilton, Ilerkimer, Jefferson,
and Lewis cos.
3 The principal mines in St. Lawrence and Jefferson cos. yield
this variety of ore. It is most abundant in the towns of Gouver-
neur, Rossie, and Antwerp, and is there usually associated with
crystaline sulphuret of iron, spathic iron, and quartz. The ar-
gillaceous ore supplies the furnaces in Oneida, Oswego, and Wayne
cos. It is red, and imparts a dull red color to whatever it comes
in contact with. In the region of mines and furnaces the clothing
of the laborers, the trees, fences, and vehicles employed, are all
colored by it. It is used as a paint, under the name of " Spanish
Brown."
* Bog ore is deposited in swamps, the bottoms of which are
clay, hardpan, or some other strata impervious to water. It is
continually accumulating, so that it may be removed two or
three times in a century. It has various shades of color, from
yellow to a dark brown. In the primitive region it sometimes
assumes a stalactital or botryoidal form, with a fibrous texture
and a glossy black surface. A loamy variety, when used in high
furnaces, is liable to blow up. This is caused by the mass melt-
ing away below, leaving a crust above, and, as the support at last
gives away, the moisture contained in the mass is suddenly con-
verted into steam by the intense heat, and the liquid iron below
is thrown out with great force, sometimes destroying the fur-
nace.
6 A vein has recently been opened in Orange co. that promises
great richness. Lead ore is usually found in the form of sul-
phurets, or galena. It is often associated with crystalized mine-
rals of great beauty.
26 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
a sulphuret has been found in Washington, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence cos., but not in sufficient
quantities to render mining profitable. Zinc ore in the form of a sulphuret, or blende, is found,
associated with lead, in St. Lawrence co. Manganese, titanium, nickel, and several other metals,
have been found in small quantities, though they have never been reduced except in the labora-
tories of the chemist. 1
]Von-Metallic Minerals. The most valuable non-metallic minerals in the State are
limestone, gypsum, waterlime, pipeclay, clay and sand suitable for common and fire brick and
pottery, graphite, talc, and slate. Nearly every part of the State is well supplied with building
stone ; and in most of the counties extensive quarries have been worked. Lime, waterlime, and
gypsum are also extensively quarried. 2
Mineral Springs are numerous, and are found in nearly every co. in the State-. The
most celebrated of these are the salt springs of Onondaga, the medicinal springs of Saratoga,
and the thermal springs of Columbia co. Sulphur and chalybeate springs are common, and many
of them have considerable notoriety for medicinal properties. 3 In the w. part of the State
springs emitting nitrogen and carburetted hydrogen gas are numerous. In the limestone regions
of the State the water is generally more or less impregnated with carbonate and sulphate of
lime ; and in many places tufa is deposited in large quantities by the water. The slow dissolving
of the limestone rocks has given a cavernous structure to several localities, and in others it has
formed deep holes in the ground. The caves of Albany,-Schoharie, and Jefferson cos. are doubtless
formed in this manner ; and the peculiar sink-holes and cratean lakes of Onondaga are probably
formed by the breaking of the superincumbent mass into the caverns beneath.
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT was originally fixed at New York City, and remained there until the
Revolution, with occasional adjournments of the General Assembly and Executive Department on
account of prevailing sickness. Such of the public records as related to the immediate interests
of the crown were removed, by order of Gov. Tryon, in Dec. 1775, to the armed ship Duchess of
Gordon, and remained on board till Nov. 1781, when most of them were returned to the city.* In
June, 1776, the Other public records were removed to Kingston, and, on the approach of the enemy
in Oct. 1777, they were hastily taken to Rochester, Ulster county. 5 They were soon afterward taken to
Poughkeepsie, and in 1784 to New York. In 1707, commissioners were appointed to erect a build-
ing for the records in Albany, and an order dated July 31, 1798, authorized their removal thither 6
and the permanent location of the seat of Government at that place.
The Staie House was begun in 1803 and finished in 1807, at the joint expense of the city and
county of Albany and the State of New York. The original cost exceeded $120,000, of which
1 In many of the original patents of the mountainous regions
upon the Hudson, reservations were made of all the gold and
silver that might be found. To this day, however, these metals
have not been found : though it is said that traces of silver have
been discovered in several places.
2 The following is a list of the most important quarries in the
State :
Gypsum is found in Cayuga, Madison, Onondaga. Wayne, Or-
leans, and Genesee.
Limestone is quarried in most of the counties of the State ex-
cept those along the Penn. line.
Water-Limestone is quarried in Krie, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison,
Montgomery. Niagara. Onondaga. and Ulster.
Bonfinp state is quarried in Washington, Kensselaer, Columbia,
and Dutchess cos.
s The principal of these springs are those of Messena, St.
Lawrence co. ; Richfield, Otsego co. : Avon, Livingston co. ;
Sharon. Schoharie co. : New Lebanon and Stockport. Columbia
co. ; C'hittennngo. Madison co. ; and Alabama. Genesee co.
4 Six years' close confinement on shipboard damaged some
of these records almost beyond remedy. The most valuable
were transcribed in 1798, under the direction of commissioners
appointed by law.
5 The first State Legislature, then in session, hastily adjourned
and met in Jan. at Poughkeepsie. The citizens of Goshen
tendered the hospitalities of their village and the use of rooms,
flagging is found in most of the southern counties, and in , if the Legislature chose to remove thither. In March, 177", a
various other localities. The thin bedded sandstone of the concurrent resolution directed the Secretarv of State and the
Portage group furnishes the best varieties.
Building stone of excellent quality is found in nearly every
section of the State. Granite and gneiss are extensively
quarried in New York and Westchester and in the N. E. cos.
clerks of counties to put their records into strong and light
enclosures, to be ready for instant removal in case of danger.
The Legislature held its session^ at Poughkee]isie. Kingston, or
Albany, as suited convenience, until 17 V 4. \vln-n it removed to
of the State. The Potsdam sandstone. Black River lime- New York. Two sessions were afterward held at Poughkeepsie,
Btone, the gray and Medina sandstone, and the Onondaga ; and three at Albany, before the final removal to the latter place
limestone all furnish excellent building stone. Most of the ; in 17S7.
locks upon the Erie Canal are built of the last named stone, j 6 Philip Schuyler. Abraham Ten P.rneck. Jeremiah Van Rens-
The shales of the Portage and C'hemung group are sepa- j selaer. Daniel Hale, ami Teunis T. Van Vechten were appointed
rated into strata by hard, compact sandstone, excellent for commissioners. The edifice stood on the site of the present
building or flagging.
Marble is found and quarried in Westehester, Putnam, Dutchess,
and Orange cos.
Geological and Agricultural Hall, and was torn down in 1855.
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
27
$34,200 -was paid by the city and $3,000 by the county of Albany. It continued to be used for
city, county, and State offices and courts until about 1832, -when the State became the exclusive
owner and the Capitol was fitted up for legislative and other public purposes. It stands at the
head of State Street, 130 feet above the Hudson, and has in front a park of three acres enclosed by
an iron fence. It is substantially built of stone faced with Nyack red freestone. 1
The State Library is a fireproof building in the rear of the State House and connected
with it by a long corridor. It is built of brick and iron and faced on its two fronts with brown
freestone. It is already nearly filled with books, manuscripts, and maps, which the State has been
collecting for many years. 2
The State Hall, situated upon Eagle Street, fronting the Academy Park, was finished in 1842.
It is built of cut stone, with a colonnade in front, supported by six Ionic columns, and is surmounted
by a dome. 3 It contains the offices of the Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Auditor of Canal
Department, Canal Appraisers, Canal Commissioners, State Engineer and Surveyor, Division En-
gineers, Clerk of Court of Appeals, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Superintendent of Bank
Department, Attorney General, and State Sealer of Weights and Measures.
The State Geological and Agricultural Hall, corner of State and Lodge Sts.,
is the depository of the specimens collected during the geological survey, and also contains the
cabinet of the State Agricultural Society.*
1 It is 90 feet broad, 50 high, and was originally 115 feet long.
In 1S54, 15 feet were added to the w. end. The eastern front
has an Ionic portico with four columns of Berkshire marble
each 3 feet 8 inches in diameter and 33 feet high. The north
and south fronts have each a pediment of 65 feet base ; and the
doorways are decorated with columns and angular pediments
of freestone. The entrance hall is 40 by 50 leet and 16 feet
high, the ceiling of which is supported by a double row of
reeded columns, and the floor is vaulted and laid with squares
of Italian marble. Upon the north Bide of the hall arc the
office of Adjutant General and the Assembly Library, and on
the south side the Executive Chambers. The remainder of the
first story is devoted to the Assembly Chamber with its lobbies
and poatoffice. This chamber is now 56 by 65 feet and 28 feet
high. The Speaker's desk is mi the w. side, and the desks of the
clerks are upon each side and in front of it. Desks of members
are arranged in semi-circles in front. Upon the E. side is a
gallery supported by iron pillars. The ceiling is richly orna-
mented in stucco. Over the Speaker's seat is a copy by Ames
of a full length portrait of Stewart's Washington. In the
second story, over the entrance hall, is the Senate chamber, 40
by 50 feet and 22 feet high. The President's desk is upon the
6. side, and the desks of the Senators are arranged in a circle in
front. On thfr N. side are the library and cloak room of the
Senate, and on the s. the postoffice and room of the Sergeant at
Arms. Over the President's seat is a crimson canopy, and appo-
site are the portraits of Gov. Geo. Clinton and Columbus. The
latter was presented to the Senate in 1784 by Mrs. Farmer, a
grand-daughter of Gov. Leisler, and had been in her family
150 years. Over the Assembly lobbies is the room of the
Court of Appeals, and in the third story are the consultation
rooms of this court, committee rooms of both houses, and part
of the Senate Library. The courtroom of the Court of Appeals
contains portraits of Chancellors Lansing, Sandlbrd, Jones, and
Walworth, Chief Justice Spencer, Abraham Van Vecht>-n. ami
Daniel Cady. The inner Executive Chamber has a full size
portrait of (Jen. La Fayette, painted when he was in the city in
1825.
The roof of the State house is pyramidal, and from the center
rises a circular cupola 20 feet in diameter, supporting a hemi-
spherical dome upon 8 insulated Ionic columns. Upon the
dome stands a wooden statue of Themis, 11 feet high, holding
in her right hand a sword and in her left a balance.
2 The State Library was founded April 21, 1818. and for nearly
forty years was kept in the upper rooms of the Capitol. Its growth
was comparatively slow until 1S44, when its supervision was
transferred from the State officers who had been ex-officio trus-
tees to the Regents of the University. Their Secretary, the late
Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, was eminently fitted for the task of building
up an institution of this character. The library at the time of
the transfer contained about 10.000 volumes. The number
has increased during the subsequent 15 years to about 53,000.
The present building, erected in 1853-54. is 114 feet long by 45
broad, was built at a cost of $91.900, and opened to the public
Jan. 2, 1855. The first floor is supported by stone pillars and
groined arches, and the second floor and galleries by arched
spans of iron filled with concrete. The roof, rafters, trusses,
pillars, shelves, and principal doors are of iron, and the floors
are paved with colored tile. The first story is devoted to the
law department, and the second story to the general library, in-
cluding a large number of costly presents from other Govern-
ments, a valuable series of MSS. and parchments relating to
our colonial and early State history, and an extensive collec-
tion of medals and coins. The oflice of the Regents of the Uni-
versity is in the library building.
l'h library, formerly known as the "Chancellor? Library,"
I was divided in 1849, and. with additions since made, now forma
two public libraries, called the ' Libraries of the Court of Ap-
peals," one of which is located at Syraeuse and the other at
Rochester. They consist chiefly of law bonks, and are in'charge
of librarians appointed by the Regents and paid by the State.
There is also a small library, for reference, in the consultation
room of the Court of Appeals. Each of the judges of the Su-
preme Court and tin- \ n Chancellor of the Second District,
under the late Constitution, held libraries owned by the State,
which are for the use of the four judges of the Court of Appeals
elected by the people of tin- State at large, and their successors
in office. There is also a small library for the use of the At-
torney General ; and means are annually provided for the in-
crease of each of these collections, chiefly from the income of
moneys known as the " Chancellors' Library Fund" and " In-
terest Fund," which are kept invested by the; Clerk of the Court
of Appeals for this purpose.
3 This building is 138 by 88 feet and 65 feet high. Theceilingsof
the basement and of the two principal stories are groined arc hes,
and all the rooms, excepting in the attic story, are fireproof.
The basement and attic are each 19 feet, and the two principal
stories earn 22 feet. high. The building cost about $350.000.
4 In 1842 the old State Hall was converted into a geological
hall, and rooms were assigned in the same building to the State
Agricultural Society. The old building was torn down, and the
present Geological and Agricultural Hall erected in its plaee. in
the summer of1855. The Agricultural Rooms were dedicated
Feb. 12. 18o". and the Cabinet was opened to the public Feb. 22,
1858. The present building is of brick, and is 4 stories high,
besides the basement. In the rear is a spacious wing, of the same
height as the main building. It contains a lecture room, the
spurious geological cabinet, and the rooms of the State Geological
Society. The basement is occupied by a taxidermist and a jani-
tor. The building itself is subject to the order of the Commis-
sioners of the Land Office. The Cabinet originated in the Geo-
logical Survey, and in extent and value it ranks among the first
in America. Within the past year a series of English fossils has
been given to the State by the British Government ; and a valu-
able collection of shells, embracing several thousand species, has
been recently presented and arranged by Philip V. Carpenter,
an English naturalist. The Museum is designed to embrace a
complete representation of the geological formations of the State,
with their accompanying minerals and fossils, and of its entire
native flora and fauna. The birds and quadrupeds are preserved
by a skilful taxidermist, with the attitudes and appearance of
life; and the reptiles and fishes are principally preserved in al-
cohol. Connected with this cabinet is a historical and anti-
quarian department, embracing numerous aboriginal antiquities
and specimens of modern Indian art, relii s of battle fields, and
other objects of historical interest. The whole is under the
charge of a curator appointed by the Regents. The museum of
the State Agricultural Society, in a separate department of the
building, contains a large collection of obsolete and modern im-
plements of husbandry, specimens of agricultural and mechanical
products, models of fruits, samples of grains and soils, drawings
illustrating subjects connected with the useful arts: and it is
designed to include an extensive collection of insects, made with
especial reference to showing their influence upon the fruit and
grain crops of the State. The entomological department is in
charge of Dr. Asa Fitch, who has been for several years employed
by the society in studying the habte of destructive insects, with
the view to ascertaining the means of preventing their ravages.
The whole of these collections are open to the public on every
weekday except holidays. The meetings of the Executive Com-
mittee of the State Agricultural Society, and the winter fairs,
are held in their rooms in this building.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
THE State Government consists of the Legislative, Executive, Judicial, and Administrative
Departments ; the powers and duties of the several officers being defined by the (
regulated by law.
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.
The State Legislature is composed of a Senate and Assembly.
The SENATE consists of 32 members, chosen by single districts
every two years, the whole number being chosen at once. The
Lieut. Governor is ex officio President of the Senate, and has a cast-
ing vote in case of a tie. The Senate appoints a President pro tern.,
who presides in the absence of the Lieut. Governor, and becomes
i ex officio Lieut. Governor in case of a vacancy in that office. The
Senate with the Judges of the Court of Appeals forms a court
for the trial of impeachments, and it ratifies or rejects the nomi-
nations of the Governor to a great number of offices.
The Senate elects the following officers : a clerk, sergeant-at-
arms, assistant sergeant-at-arms, doorkeeper and assistants, libra-
rian, and such other officers as may be deemed necessary. 1
The ASSEMBLY consists of 128 members, elected annually by
single districts. The districts are re-apportioned once in ten
years, after the State census is taken. The Speaker, or Pre-
siding Officer of the Assembly, is elected by the members from
their number, and usually appoints all committees. All bills
upon financial matters must originate in the Assembly.
The Assembly elects the following officers : a Speaker, clerk,
sergeant-at-arms, doorkeeper and two assistants. The Speaker
appoints an assistant sergeant-at-arms, a postmaster and assist-
ant, a janitor, keeper of the Assembly chamber, and several
doorkeepers and pages. 2
i The sergeant-at-arms is also librarian. The clerk appoints
his deputies and assistants, and the President appoints a janitor,
superintendent of the Senate chamber, and pages. Committees
are usually appointed by the Lieut. Gov. The appointments are
made for two years. About half a dozen reporters are admitted
to seats within the Senate chamber. Standing committees in
the Senate consist of 3 members.
SENATE DISTRICTS.
1. Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk Counties.
2. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, llth, 13th, and 19th Wards of
Brooklyn.
3. 6th. 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th
Wards of Brooklyn, and the towns of Kings County.
4. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 14th Wards of New
York.
5. 10th, llth, 13th, and 17th Wards of New York.
6. 9th, 15th, 16th. and 18th Wards of New ifork.
7. 12tb, 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22d Wards of New York.
8. Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester Counties.
9. Orange and Sullivan Counties.
10. Greene and Ulster Counties.
11. Columbia and Diitchess Counties.
12. Rensselaer and Washington Counties.
13. Albany County.
14. Delaware, Schenectady, and Schoharie Counties.
15. Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, and Saratoga Counties.
16. Clinton, Essex, and Warren Counties.
17. Franklin and St. Lawrence Counties.
18. Jefferson and Lewis Counties.
19. Oneida County.
20. Herkimer and Otsego Counties.
21. Oswego County.
22. Onondaga County.
23. Chenango, Cortlaud, an*Madison Counties.
24. Broome, Tioga, and Tompkins Counties.
25. Cayuga and Wayne Counties.
26. Ontario, Seneca, and Yates Counties.
27. Chemung. Schuyler, and Steuben Counties.
28. Monroe County.
28
29. Genesee, Niagara, and Orleans Counties.
30. Allegany, Livingston, and Wyoming Counties.
31. Erie County.
32. Cattaraugus and Chautauque Counties.
% The clerk appoints his assistants and deputies, a librarian
and assistant, a bank clerk, and a clerk's messenger. These
officers are appointed for the session, except pages, who are
changed in the middle of each session. Standing committees of
the Assembly consist of 5 members, except those upon Ways
and Means, the Judiciary, and Canals, each of which has 7
members. About 20 reporters are admitted and provided with
seats within the bar. They usually share with members in
extra appropriations for books, and in the privilege of mailing
documents at the public expense.
ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS.
[Those Counties not enumerated in this list form but one
District. Fulton and Hamilton form one District.]
ALBANY COUNTY. FOUR DISTRICTS.
1. 1st Ward of Albany, Bethlehem, Coeymans, New Scotland,
Rensselaerville, and Westerlo.
2. 9th and 10th Wards of Albany, Bern, Guilderland, and Knox.
3. 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Wards of Albany.
4. 7th Ward of Albany and Watervliet.
ALLEGANY COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Allen, Almond, Angelica, Belfast, Birdsall, Burns, Caneadea,
Centerville, Granger, Grove, Hume, New Hudson, Rushford,
and West Almond.
2. Alfred, Alma, Amity, Andover, Bolivar, Clarksville. Cuba,
Friendship, Genesee, Independence, Suio, Ward, Wellsville,
Willing, and Wirt.
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Allegany, Ashford, Carrolton, Elgin, Farmersville, Franklin-
ville, Freedom, Hiusdale, Humphrey, Iscbua, Machias,
Oleau, Portville, and Yorkshire.
STATE GOVEENMENT.
29
The sessions of the Legislature commence on the first Tuesday in January, and members can
only receive pay for 100 days. The business of each year begins de novo; but if an extra session
is called by the Governor, bills are taken up where they were left at the last previous adjourn-
ment. Each house decides upon the qualifications of its own members; and both houses must
concur in the election of U. S. Senators, Regents of the University, and Superintendent of Public
Instruction. Bills, except measures of finance, may originate in either house, and must be
2. Bucklooth, Coldspring, Connewango, Dayton, Ellicottville,
East Otto, Great Valley, Leon, Little Valley, Mansfield,
Napoli, New Albion, Otto, Perrysburgh, Persia, Randolph,
and South Valley.
CAYUGA COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Brutus, Cato, Conquest, Ira, Mentz, Montezuma, Sennett,
Sterling, Throop, Victory, and the 1st and 4th Wards of
Auburn.
2. Aurelius, Fleming, Genoa, Ledyard, Locke, Moravia, Niles,
Owasco, Scipio, Sempronius, Springport, Summer Hill,
Venice, and the 2d and 3d Wards of Auburn.
CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY Two DISTRICTS.
1. Busti, Chautauque, Clymer, Ellery, French Creek, Harmony,
Mina, Portland, Ripley, Sherman, Stockton, and Westfield.
2. Arkwright, Carroll, Charlotte, Cherry Creek, Ellicott, Elling-
ton, Gerry, Hanover, Kiantone, Poland, Pomfret, Sheridan,
and Villenova.
CHENANGO COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Columbus, Lincklaen, New Berlin, North Norwich, Norwich,
Otselic, Pharsalia, Pitcher, Plymouth, Sherburne, and
Smyrna.
2. Afton, Bainbridge, Coventry, German, Guilford, Greene, Mc-
Donough, Oxford, Preston, and Smithville.
COLUMBIA COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Ancram, Claverack, Clermont, Copake, Gallatin, German-
town, Greenport, Hudson City, Livingston, and Tagh-
kanick.
2. Aueterlitz, Canaan, Chatham, Ghent, Hillsdale, Kinder-
hook, New Lebanon, Stockport, and Stuyvesant.
DELAWARE COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Colchester, Delhi, Franklin, Hamden, Hancock, Masonville,
Sidney, Tompkins, and Walton.
2. Andes, Bovina, Davenport, Harpersfield, Kortright, Mere-
dith, Middleton, Roxbury, and Stamford.
DUTCHESS COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Amenia, Beekmau, Dover, East Fishkill, La Grange, North-
cast, Pawling, Pine Plains, Stanford, Union Vale, and
Washington.
2. Clinton, Hyde Park, Milan, Pleasant Valley, Poughkeepsie,
City of Poughkeepsie, Red Hook, and Rhinebeck.
ERIE COUNTY. Form DISTRICTS.
1. let, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 13th Wards of Buffalo.
2. 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, llth, and 12th Wards of Buffalo.
3. Alden, Amherst, Chicktowaga, Clarence, Elma, Grand
Island, Hamburgh, Lancaster, Marilla, Newstcad, Toua-
wanda, and West Seneca.
4. Aurora, Boston, Brandt, Golden, Collins, Concord, East
Hamburgh, Eden, Evans, Holland, North Collins, Sardinia,
and Wales.
HERKIMER COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Fairfield, Herkimer, Little Falls, Manheim, Newport, Nor-
way, Ohio, Russia, Salisbury, and Wilmurt.
2. Columbia, Danube, Frankfort, German Flats, Litchfield,
Schuyler, Stark, Warren, and Winfield.
JEFFERSON COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. Adams, Brownville, Ellisburgh, Henderson, Uounsfield, Lor-
raine, Rodman, and Worth.
2. Antwerp, Champion, Le Ray, Philadelphia, Rutland, Water-
town, and Wilna.
3. Alexandria, Capo Vincent, Clayton, Lyme, Orleans, Pamelia.
and Theresa.
KINGS COUNTY. SEVEN DISTRICTS.
1. Flatbush, Flatlands, Gravesend, New Lots, New Utrecht, and
the Sth, 17th, and 18th Wards of Brooklyn
2. 1st, 6th, and 12th Wards of Brooklyn.
3. 4th and 10th Wards of Brooklyn.
4. 2d, 3d, and Sth Wards of Brooklyn.
" 5. 9th and llth Wards of Brooklyn.
6. 13th, 14th, and part of 19th Wards of Brooklyn.
7. 7th, 15th, 16th, and part of 19th Wards of Brooklyn.
LIVINGSTON COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Avon, Caledonia, Conesug, Geneseo, Groveland, Leicester,
Lima, Livonia, and York.
2. Mount Morris, North Dansville, Nunda, Ossian, Portage,
Sparta, Springwater, and West Sparta.
MADISON COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Brookfield, De Ruyter, Eaton, Georgetown, Hamilton, Leba-
non, Madison, and Nelson.
2. Cazenovia, Fenner, Lenox, Smithfield, Stockbridge, and
Sullivan.
MONROE COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. Brighton. Henrietta, Irondequoit, Mendon, Penfield, Perrin-
ton, Pittsford, Rush, and Webster.
2. The City of Rochester.
3. Chili, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden,
Union, and Wheatland.
NEW YORK CITY AND COUNTY. SEVENTEEN DISTRICTS.
17 districts, corresponding to Aldermanic districts.
NIAGARA COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Lockport, Pendleton, Royalton, and Wheatfield.
2. Cambria, Hartland, Lewiston, Newfane, Niagara, Porter,
Somerset, and Wilson.
ONEIDA COUNTY. Fotra DISTRICTS.
1. Deerfield, City of Utica, and Whitestown.
2. Augusta, Bridgewater, Kirkland, Marshall, New Hartford,
Paris, Sangerfleld, Vernon, and Westmoreland.
3. Camden, Florence, Rome, Verona, and Vienna.
4. Amesville, Ava, Brownville, Floyd, Lee, Marcy, Remsen,
Steuben, Trenton, and Western.
ONONDAGA COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. Camillus, Clay, Elbridge, Lysander, Marcellus, Skaneateles,
Spafford, and Van Buren.
2. Cicero, Salina, and Syracuse.
3. De Witt, Fabius, Geddes, La Fayette, Manlius, Onondaga,
Otisco, Pompey, and Tully.
ONTARIO COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Farmington, Gorham, Hopewell, Manchester, Phelps, and
Seneca.
2. Bristol, Canadice, Canandaigua, East Bloomfield, Naples,
Richmond, South Bristol, Victor, and West Bloomfield.
ORANGE COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Blooming Grove, Chester, Cornwall, Monroe, Montgomery,
Newburgh, and New Windsor.
2. Crawford, Deerpark, Goshen, Greenville, Hamptonburgh,
Minisink, Mount Hope, Walkill, Warwick, and Waway-
anda.
OSWEGO COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. City of Oswego, Hannibal, Oswego, and Scriba.
2. Constantia, Granby, Hastings, Palermo, Schroeppel, Volney,
and West Monroe.
3. Albion, Amboy. Boyleston, Mexico, Orwell, Parish, Redfield,
Richland, Sandy Creek, New Haven, and Williamstown.
OTSEGO COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Cherry Valley, Decatur, Exeter, Maryland, Middlefield,
Otsego, Plainfield, Richfield, Roseboom, Springfield, West-
ford, and Worcester.
2. Unadilla, Burlington, Butternuts, Edmeston, Hartwick,
Laurens, Milford, Morris, New Lisbon, Otego, Oneonta, and
Pittsfield.
QUEENS COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Flushing, North Hempstead, and Oyster Bay.
2. Hempstead, Jamaica, and Newtown.
RENSSELAER COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. City of Troy.
2. Berlin, Grafton, Hoosick, Lansingburgh, Petersburgh, Pitts-
town, and Schaghticoke.
3. Brunswick, Clinton, Greenbnsh, Nassau, North Greenbush,
Poestenkill, Sand Lake, Schodack, and Steph^utown.
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. De Kalb, De Peyster, Fine, Fowler, Gouverneur, Macomb,
Morristown, Oswegatchie, Pitcairn, and Rossie,
2. Canton, Colton, Edwards, Hermon, Lisbon, Madrid, Norfolk,
Pierrepont, and Russell.
Brasher, Hopkinton, Lawrence, Louisville, Massena, Parish-
ville, Potsdam, and Stockholm.
SARATOGA COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Ballston, Charlton, Clifton Park, Galway, Halfmoon, Malta,
Milton, Stillwater, and Waterford.
2. Corinth, Day, Edinburgh, Greenfield, Hadley, Moreau, North-
umberland, Providence, Saratoga, Saratoga Springs, and
Wilton.
30 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
passed by both, and receive the signature of the Governor, or, if vetoed by him, the votes of two-
thirds of both houses, to become laws. The original laws of the Legislature, bearing the signa-
tures of the presiding officer of each house and of the Governor and Secretary of State, are bound,
and preserved in the Secretary's office. All general laws are published in such newspapers in each
county as may be designated by the Board of Supervisors.
Besides the State Legislature, a limited power of enacting laws is possessed by the boards of
supervisors in the several counties, by the common councils of cities, and by citizens generally
assembled in town and school district meetings.
The Board of Supervisors meets annually at the county seat, on the week following the
general election, to canvass the votes for State and county officers ; it may hold special meetings at
any time. It has power to appoint a clerk of the board, a county sealer of weights and measures,
special commissioners for laying out roads, printers for publishing the general laws, inspectors of turn-
pike and plank roads, and, in some counties, the Superintendent of the Poor, and other officers, and to
fix the salaries of the county Judge and Surrogate, and of School Commissioners, (above $500, allowed
by law,) and, in some counties, the salary of the District Attorney ; to establish the bounds of assembly
and school commissioner districts, to fix upon town meeting days, 1 to make orders concerning property
owned by the county, and to repair or rebuild the county buildings ; to audit and settle charges against
the county, and the accounts of town officers ; to equalize assessments and levy taxes to meet county
expenses, and for such special purposes as may be directed by law. It also has power to alter the
bounds of towns, and to erect new towns ; to change the location of the county seat and purchase sites
for the erection of new buildings ; and to examine annually the securities held by loan commis-
sioners. It may pass laws for the preservation of game or fish, and for the destruction of noxious
animals, and perform such other duties as may be from time to time authorized by law.
STEUBEN COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. Avoca, Bath, Bradford, Conhocton, Prattsburgh, Pulteney,
TJrbana, Wayne, and Wheeler.
2. Addison, Cameron, Campbell, Caton, Corning, Erwin, Hornby,
Lindley, Rathbone, Thurston, and Woodlmll.
3. Canisteo, Dansville, Fremont, Greenwood, Hornellsville,
Howard, Hartsville, Jasper, Troupsburgh, West Union, and
Wayland.
SUFFOLK COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. East Hampton, Riverhead. Shelter Island, Southampton,
and Southold.
2. Brookhaven, Huntington, Islip, and Smithtown.
ULSTER COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. Hurley, Kingston, and Saugerties.
2. Esopus, Gardiner, Lloyd, Marbletown, Marlborough, New
Paltz, Plattekill. Rosendale, and Shawangunk.
3. Denning, Hardenburgh, Olive, Rochester, Shandaken, Wa-
warsing, and Woodstock.
WASHINGTON COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Argyle, Cambridge. Easton, Fort Edward, Greenwich, Jack-
son, Salem, and White Creek.
2. Dresden, Fort Ann, Granville, Hampton, Hartfoid, Hebron,
Kingsbury, Putnam, and Whitehall.
WAYNE COUNTY. Two DISTRICTS.
1. Butler, Galen, Huron. Lyons, Rose, Savannah, Sodus, and
Wolcott.
2. Arcadia, Macedon, Marion, Ontario, Palmyra, Walworth,
and Williamson.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY. THREE DISTRICTS.
1. East Chester, Morrisania, Westchester, West Farms, and
Yonkers.
2. Greenburgh, Harrison. Mamaroneck, Mount Pleasant, New
Rochelle, North Castle, Pelham, Poundridge, Rye, Scars-
dale, and White Plains.
3. Bedford, Cortlandt, Lewisboro, New Castle, North Salem,
Ossiuing, Somers, and Yorktown.
i TOWN MEETINGS.
Town meetings are held on the same day throughout the county ; and the time may be changed once in 3 years. The town
meetings must come between the 1st day of Feb. and the 1st of May. They are at present all hold on Tuesdays, as follows :
COUNTIES.
TuesdnyKvponwhirJi Toicn.
Meetings are held.
COUNTIES.
Tuesday* upon icfiieh Town
Meetings are held.
COUNTIES.
Tuesday* upon uhirh Town
Meetings are held.
Albany
Allegany. ...
2d in April.
2fl in March.
2d in Feb
Herkimer....
Jefferson
1st in March.
3d in Feb.
1st in April.
Richmond ...
Rockland
St. Lawrence
2d in Feb.
2d in April.
2d in Feb.
3d in Feb.
Saratoga ...
1st in March.
Cayuga
Chautauque
Chemung....
1st after 1st Mon. in Mar.
3d in Feb.
2d after 1st Mon. in Feb.
Livingston...
Madison
Monroe
1st in April.
1st in March.
1st after 1st Mon. in Mar.
2d in Feb.
ScheiiiTtudy
Schoharie ...
Pchuyler
l?t in April.
3d in Feb.
2d iu Feb.
'Jil in March.
( linton
Columbia....
1st in March.
1st in March.
3d in Feb
New i'ork...
Niagara
2d in April.
Steuben
MifMk
Sullivan
2d in Feb.
1st in April.
1st after 1st MOD. in Mar.
'M in Feb
3d in Feb.
Tioga
1st in Feb.
Dutchess
2d in March.
Ontario
Orange
1st after 1st Mon. in April.
let in March.
Tompkins ...
Ulster
1st in April.
1st in March.
1st in March.
Orleans
1st in April.
Warren
1st in April.
Franklin....
1st in Feb.
*>j j n Feb
Oswego
1st in March.
Washington
1st in March.
Genesee
1st in March.
Putnam
1st after 1st Mon. in April.
M i'.-ti-hester
Last in March.
Rensselaer. ..
1st in March.
Yates
Last in Feb.
At these meetings are elected, by ballot, a supervisor, town
clerk. 4. justices, (with exceptions named on page 34, 3 assess-
ors, (for 3 years. 1 annually,) a collector. 1 or 2 overseers of poor,
(ut the option of the town, excepting Montgomery and Kings
cos. that are not included in the general law,) 1 or 3 com-
im--i'>ners of highways, (if 3, one elected annually for 3 years.)
not more than 5 constables and 2 inspectors of election for
each election district, a third being appointed by the pre-
siding officer of the town meetings from the two having
the next highest vote. The town of Manlius elects 7 con-
stables. Each town at its annual meeting also elects by ayes
and noes, or otherwise, as many overseers of highways as there
are road districts, and as many pound masters as the electors
may determine.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
31
The Common Council in each of the cities has jurisdiction over municipal affairs within
limits fixed by law, and observes the usual formalities of legislative bodies in its proceedings. Two
aldermen are generally elected from each ward, who, with the mayor, constitute the Common
Council ; but the organization of no two cities is in this respect exactly alike. 1 The enactments
of the Common Council are usually termed "ordinances," and have the force of law. The council
usually has the appointment of a large class of minor city officers, including the keepers of parks
and public buildings, inspectors of various kinds, and in some instances the officers and members
of the police and fire departments. These appointments are usually held at the pleasure of the
appointing power.
Town Meetings may pass laws regulating roads and bridges, the height of fences, the support
of the poor, the range of animals, the destruction of noxious weeds, the preservation of town pro-
perty, and for such other purposes as may be directed by special acts. Every town is a corporate
body, may sue and be sued, may hold and convey lands within its limits for purposes specified
by law, and may appropriate moneys for public objects within the town.
School Districts, at regular meetings, may pass rules concerning the support of schools,
employment of teachers, repairs, supplies, and similar affairs, which have the force of law.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
The Governor is elected once in two years. 2 He is commander-
in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State, and possesses
the sole power of granting pardons and commutations of sentence
.after conviction. 3 He issues requisitions for the return of crimi-
nals in other States, and he is authorized to offer rewards for the
arrest of criminals within this State. He annually communicates
to the Legislature, at the commencement of each session, a state-
ment of the condition of the public departments, and such other
matters as he may deem necessary. On extraordinary occasions
he may convene the Senate or Legislature. 4 Within ten days after
its passage by the Legislature, he may veto any act, by returning it
to the house in which it originated, with his objections; and such act
can become a law only by the concurrence of two-thirds of both houses. 6
The Governor nominates, for appointment by the Senate, a large class of State and county and a
few military officers, 6 and may fill vacancies occurring in these offices during the recess of the Senate.
Some other classes of officers are appointed by the Governor alone, generally for specific terms,
but in some cases during pleasure. He may also fill vacancies occurring in elective offices, and
1 In New York, the Common Council consists of two branches,
the Board of Aldermen, consisting of 17 members, chosen for 2
years; and the Board of Councilmen. consisting of 24 members,
chosen annually, 6 from each senatorial district. Each of these
branches elects one of its own number president ; and the mayor
possesses a veto power upon their laws analogous to that of the
Governor upon those of the State Legislature.
2 To be eligible to the office of Governor a person must be a
citizen of the U. S., a resident of the State for the last 5 years
previous to election, and must have attained the age of 30 years.
The colonial governors of N.Y. were appointed by the crown.
Under the Constitution of 1777 they were elected for 3 years and
were required to be freeholders. Under the Constitution of 1822,
the governor was elected for 2 years, and. in addition to the pre-
sent qualifications, was required to be a native of the U. S. and a
freeholder.
Under the first State Constitution electors were classified, apd
only those owning freehold property worth $250 and upward
were allowed to vote for Senators and Governor. The aggregate
of the several classes at different periods has been as follows :
1
-"$
e
o
o
Its
|
YEARS.
^-a
tf*
11
Total.
< ^
f
-Ii
L.
J
S <
?
^ J S
5
1790
19369
23405
14 674
138
1795....
36 338
4 838
2 598
1801
52,058
5^264
2S.'.522
63
85,907
1807
71,159
5,800
44.330
88
121.289
1814;..
87 491
5 231
59 104
1821
100,490
8,985
93,035
20
202,510
3 In cases of treason and impeachment the Governor can only
suspend sentence until the next session of the Legislature, that
body alone possessing the pardoning power in such Vases. Under
the Constitution of 1777, the same restriction was applied in cases
of murder.
4 He also possessed under the Constitution of 1777 the power
to prorogue the Legislature for a period not exceeding 60 days
in one year. This was once done by Gov. Touipkins, to defeat
the passage of a bank charter, but without success.
6 The first court created a council of revision, consisting of the
Governor, Chancellor, and judges of the Supreme Court, who sat
with closed doors and observed the usual formalities of legis-
lative proceedings. During the continuance of this council it
rejected 144 bills, several of which became laws notwithstanding.
6 The following officers are appointed by the Governor and
Senate: 1 Superintendent of Bank Department, 1 Auditor of
Canal Department, 3 Canal Appraisers, 1 Superintendent of
Onondaga Salt Springs, 6 Commissioners of Emigration, 5 Com-
missioners of Metropolitan Police, 11 Harbor Masters, 9 Wardens
of the Port of N. Y., 2 Special Wardens to reside at Quarantine,
1 Harbor Master at Albany, 1 Health Officer at Quarantine, 1
Physician of Marine Hospital and not less than 4 assistants, 1
Resident Physician and 1 Health Commissioner for the city of
New York, 1 Agent for the Onondaga Nation, 1 Attorney to
Seneca Nation, directors in certain banks of which the State
holds stock according to the amount held, as many Hellgate
pilots, as the Board of Wardens may recommend, 5 trustees of
the Idiot Asylum, 9 trustees of State Lunatic Asylum, 2 com-
missioners in each co. for loaning moneys of the United States,
as many notaries public as the law may allow or the Governor
determine, and such other officers and special commissioners as
are required from time to time by law. He appoints field
officers of regiments and generals of brigades, when such regi-
ments and brigades are not fully organized. Under the first
constitution, almost every civil and military office was filled by
the Council of Appointment, consisting of the Governor and 4
Senators, chosen annually by the Assembly. In 1821, 8,287
32 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
may remove, under limitations prescribed by statute, most State and county officers. 1 He has a
private secretary, with a salary of $2000, a clerk and a doorkeeper.
The Lieutenant Governor is elected at the same time as the Governor, and must possess
the same qualifications. He discharges the duties of Governor when a vacancy occurs in that office.
He is President of the Senate, having the casting vote in that body, a Commissioner of the Canal
Fund and of the Land Office, a member of the Canal Board, a trustee of the Idiot Asylum and of
Union College, a Regent of the University, and a trustee of the Capitol and State Hall.
The Secretary of State 2 is keeper of the State archives ;
is a Regent of the University, a Commissioner of the Land Office
and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the
Board of State Canvassers, a trustee of the State Idiot Asylum,
of Union College, of the Capitol, and of the State Hall. He has
specific duties in relation to the publication and distribution of
the laws ; the issuing of patents for land, of commissions, par-
dons, and peddlers' licenses ; the filing of the declarations of
aliens, and the articles of association of companies under gene-
ral laws ; issuing notices of elections, receiving and reporting
statistics of pauperism and crime from sheriSs and county
clerks, and furnishing certified copies of laws and other docu-
ments in his office. He administers the oath of office to members of the Assembly, and other
State officers. His deputy is ex officio Clerk of the Commissioners of the Land Office.
The Comptroller 5 is the auditor of the public accounts,
excepting those payable from the Canal and Bank Funds ; a Com-
missioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund ; a member of
the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, and a
trustee of the Idiot Asylum, of Union College, of the Capitol and
State Hall. He has responsible duties in relation to the payment
of appropriations made by the Legislature, the collection of
taxes, and sale of lands sold for taxes, the management of funds,
supervision of fire and life insurance companies, loaning of
moneys, and other duties connected with the finances of the State.
He reports annually to the Legislature the condition of the public
funds, the receipts and expenses of the State, the condition of
insurance companies, and upon such other matters as he may from time to time be called upon by
the Legislature for information. He has a deputy, an accountant, and about a dozen clerks.
The Treasurer 4 receives all moneys paid into the treasury, and pays all warrants of the Comp-
troller, Auditor of the Canal Department, Superintendent of the Bank Department, and Superintendent
of Public Instruction. He is a Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member
of the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College. He has
a deputy, and two or three clerks.
The Attorney General 5 is the legal prosecutor and adviser in behalf of the State. He is a
military and 6,663 civil officers held under this appointment,
and most of them at will. From 1822 to 1846, the Governor and
Senate appointed, in addition to most of those it now appoints,
all judicial officers, except justices, Masters and Examiners in
Chancery, Supreme Court Commissioners, inspectors for com-
mercial purposes, Commissioners of Deeds, several city officers,
and State Prison Inspectors.
1 Representatives in Congress and members of the State Legis-
lature can be elected only. The Governor appoints, on his own
authority, Commissioners for taking acknowledgments of Deeds
in other States and countries, wreck masters, and certain com-
missioners directed to be appointed for special purposes.
2 The Secretary of State was formerly Clerk of the Council of
Appointment and of the Council of Revision, and from 1823 to
1854 was Superintendent of Schools. In colonial times he was
appointed by the crown; from 1777 to 1822, by the Council of
Appointment ; and from 1822 to 1846, by the Legislature.
3 This office was created in 1797, in place of that of Auditor
General, formed by the Provincial Convention ; but it was not
permanently organized until 1812. The Comptroller was ap-
pointed by the Council of Appointment until 1822, when the
appointing power was changed to the Legislature and the tenure
of the office fixed at 3 years.
* The office of Treasurer, under the colonial government and
early years of state government, was a very important one; and
for many years after 1777, the Treasurer was appointed by spe-
cial act from year to year. About the beginning of the present
century, the defaulting of a Treasurer occasioned a revision of
the law creating the department ; and, from his being the prin-
cipal financial officer of the government, the Treasurer became
the most unimportant, and his powers were narrowed down to
the payment of the drafts of other officers. Tor many years
previous to 1822 he was appointed by the Council of Revision ;
and from 1822 to 1846, by the Legislature. The accounts of the
Treasurer are annually compared with those of the Comptroller,
Superintendent of Bank Department, and Auditor of the Canal
Department, by a commissioner appointed for the purpose; and
these officers thus become a check npon each other. The Trea-
surer may be suspended for cause, by the Governor, in the recess
of the Legislature.
6 This office has existed almost from the beginning of the
Colonial Government. It was filled by the Council of Appoint-
ment from 1777 to 1S22. and by the Legislature, with a term of
3 years, from 1822 to 1846. The Attorney General originally
attended the circuits of Oyer and Terminer, as prosecutor in
criminal suits, until 1796, when the State was divided into 8
districts, to each of which an assistant Attorney General was
appointed, except in New York, where the head officer
officiated personally. In 1818 each co. was made a separate
district, and a District Attorney was appointed in each. The
Attorney General still occasionally attends upon important
criminal trials ; but his time is chiefly occupied in civil suits in
which the State is a party.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
33
Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the
Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College, of the Capitol, and State Hall. He has
a deputy and a clerk.
Tbe State Engineer and Surveyor 1 has charge of the engineering department of the
canals and such land surveys as involve the interests of the State. He reports annually the statistics
of these departments and of railroads. He is a Commissioner of the Land Office, a member of the
Canal Board and Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College and the State Hall.
He must be a practical engineer. He is assisted by a deputy and 3 clerks.
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.
United States Courts. The second of the U. S. Courts comprises New York, Vermont,
and Connecticut. A court is held twice a year in each State by a Justice of the Supreme Court
and the District Judge of the district in which the court sits.
The State of New York is divided into two Judicial Districts, in each of which is held a District
Court. 2 The officers of this court in each district are a District Judge, Attorney, Marshal, and
Clerk. In the Southern District a term is held in each month, at New York ; and in the Northern
District one term is held each year at Albany, Utica, Auburn, and Buffalo, and one term annually
in St. Lawrence, Clinton, or Franklin co., as the Judge may direct. 3 These courts have nearly
concurrent original jurisdiction in all matters in which the United States is a party; and they take
cognizance of offenses against the laws of the U. S. An appeal lies from the District to the Circuit
Court, and thence to the Supreme Court.
State Courts. The State Courts consist of a Court for the
Trial of Impeachments, the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court
and Court of Oyer and Terminer, the County Court and Court of
Sessions, Justices Courts, and City Courts.
Tbe Court for the Trial of Impeachments consists
of the Senate and the Judges of the Court of Appeals. Its judg-
ments extend only to removal of officials and to disqualification for
holding office. 4 Parties impeached are liable to all the penalties
of the civil and criminal laws. This court is a court of record ; its
meetings are held at Albany.
The Court Of Appeals, 5 instituted in 1847, is composed of 8
judges, 4 of whom are elected, (one every 2 years,) and 4 of whom are
the Judges of the Supreme Court, having the shortest term to serve.
The judge elected having the shortest term to serve is Chief Judge;
and 6 judges constitute a quorum. This court has power to correct
and reverse all proceedings of the Supreme Court, or of the former
Supreme Court, and Court of Chancery. It holds 4 terms a year
at the Capital; and every 2 years one term must be held in
each Judicial District. Its clerk has an office in the State Hall,
where the records of this and former State and Colonial Courts are
preserved. The State Reporter prepares for the press and pub-
lishes the decisions of the court, copies of which are sent to each
county, and franked, under the Governor's hand, to each of the other States and Territories of .the
Union.
1 This office takes the place of that of " Surveyor General"
which existed under the colony. In the earlier years of the
State Government, numerous and responsible duties were im-
posed upon this officer, under acts for the sale and settlement
oflands. the adjustment of disputed titles, boundaries, and In-
dian claims, laying out roada, and business relating to the salt
springs, reserved village plats, and other State property. These
duties were discharged from 1784 to 1834 by Simeon De Witt,
with great integrity and success.
The Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney
General, and State Engineer are elected biennially at the same
time, their election occurring on alternate years from those
of the election of the Governor and Lieut. Governor.
- Unittd Slates District Courts. There are two Districts within
this State. The Southern District embraces Columbia, Greene,
Ulster, Sullivan, and the counties South. The Northern Dis-
trict embraces the remainder of the State.
3 The United States has caused or ordered buildings to be
erected in part for the accommodation of these courts at New
York, Utica, Buffalo. Ogdensburgh, Canandaigua. and Platts-
burgh. These edifices are of the most substantial kind, and
generally fireproof.
4 This court has assembled but once. In 1853 it was con-
vened for the trial of impeachment of John C. Mather, Canal
Commissioner. He was acquitted.
6 Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 2. This court takes the place
of the former " Court for the Correction of Errors," and in some
respects fills that of the old Supreme Court and Court of Chan-
cery.
3
34
NEW YORK: STATE GAZETTEER.
Tne Supreme Court. The State is divided into 8 Judicial Districts, 1 in each of which, ex-
cept the first, 4 justices are elected. The clerks of counties are clerks of this court. It has general
jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review the judgments of the County Courts and of
the former Court of Common Pleas. This court has three distinct branches, General Terms,
Special Terms, and Circuits. The General Term held by three or more of the Supreme Judges,
including the presiding judge, is an appellate court for the review of cases from the courts below,
and for deciding solely upon questions of law. Special Terms are held by one Supreme Judge,
without a jury, for the decision of equity cases; and Circuit Courts are held by one Supreme
Judge, with a jury, for the trial of issues of fact. At least four general terms of this court are
held in each district every year. Every county (except Hamilton) has at least one special and two
circuit courts annually. A general term of the Supreme Court is held at the Capital in January of
each alternate year, for the purpose of arranging the terms of all the Circuit Courts and Courts of
Oyer and Terminer, of assigning the business and duties of the justices, and revising the rules of
the court
County Courts are held by the County Judge, 2 assisted by two justices of the peace elected
annually for the purpose. The judge performs the duty of surrogate, except in counties where the
population exceeds 40,000, in which the Legislature may provide for the election of a separate
officer as surrogate. 3 The Legislature may direct the election of local officers, not exceeding two in
any county, to discharge the duties of judge and surrogate in case of inability or vacancy in that office,
and to exercise such other powers as may be provided by law.* Judges and surrogates receive a
salary fixed by the Supervisors, and which cannot be increased during their term of office.
County Courts have jurisdiction in civil cases when the real estate, or all the defendants, or all
the parties interested are within the co., and where the action of debt assumpsit or covenant claimed
is not above $2,000, or in actions for injury to the person, or trespass upon property, where the
damage claimed does not exceed $500 ; or in replevin suits where the value claimed is not above
$1,000. These courts have equity jurisdiction for the foreclosure of mortgages, the sale of the real
estate of infants, the partition of lands, admeasurement of dower, the satisfaction of judgments
over $75, and the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. Surrogate's Courts are
held by the County Judge or Surrogate, (in counties where the latter is elected,) and have the ordi-
nary jurisdiction of Courts of Probate.
Justices' Courts are held by justices of the peace, who have jurisdiction in civil suits where
the sum claimed does not exceed $100 in value. 5 They have jurisdiction in criminal cases for im-
posing fines to the amount of $50, and of inflicting imprisonment in the county jail for a term not
exceeding 6 months. 6
Tribunals of Conciliation may be established, and their powers and duties prescribed
by law; but their judgments are not obligatory unless the parties previously agree to abide by
such decision. 7
City Courts. In each of the cities and in several of the larger villages are courts of local
jurisdiction organized under special laws. 8
1 New York Stale Judicial Districts under the Act of May 8,
1847:
1. City and County of New York.
2. Duchess, Kings, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rock-
land, Suffolk, and Westchester Counties.
3. Albany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer, Schoharie, Sullivan,
and Ulster Counties.
4. Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery,
St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, and Wash-
ington Counties.
5. Herkiraer, Jefferson, Lewis, Oneida, Onondaga, and Oswego
Counties.
6. Broome, Chemnng, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Madison,
Otsego, Schuyler, Tioga, and Tompkins Counties.
7. Cayuga, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Steuben, Wayne,
and Tates Counties.
8. Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqne, Erie, Genesee, Niagara,
Orleans, and Wyoming Counties.
2 From 1777 to 1822 Judges were appointed by the Council of
Appointment; and from 1822 to 1846, by the Governor and
Senate. One in each co. was styled " First Judge ;" and a fixed
number (subsequently 4) of others were called Judges.
8 Surrogates are elected in Albany, Cayuga, Chautanque,
Columbia, Dntchess, Erie, Jefferson, Kings, Monroe, New York,
Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orange, Otsego, Rensselaer, St. Law-
rence, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington, Wyoming, and Yates cos.
* Constitution, Art.VI, fiiec.15. Special acts have been passed
for this purpose, as follows : Special Judge and Special Surro-
gate in Cayuga, Chautauque, Jefferson, and Oswego, 1849;
Washington, 1855. Special Judge in Oneida, Orange, St. Law-
rence, and Tioga, 1849 ; Ulster, 1850 ; Chenango, 1851 ; Sullivan,
1854; Essex, 1857; and Tompkins, 1858. The term for which
these officers are elected is 3 years, except in Chenango, Tomp-
kins. and Ulster, in which it is 4 years.
6 There are 4 justices elected in each town except Champlain,
Ellisburgh, Fort Ann, Hanover. Harmony, Hector, Lenox, Niag-
ara, Pomfret, and Potsdam, which have each 6, and Brook-
haven, which has 8. Justices were appointed by the Council of
Appointment from 1777 to 1822, and by the Supervisors and
Judges from 1824 to 1827, since which they have been elected.
Revised Statutes, Art. I, Title, 4, Chap. 2, Part 3.
1 Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 23.
8 The principal City Courts are as follows :
In Albany. A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor, Recorder,
and Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly, or either
of them singly. It is practically held by the Recorder only ;
a Court of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder or County
Judge, with one or more Justices ; a Justices' Court, held
by 3 Justices elected for the purpose. Two Police Justices
elected.
In Auburn. Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of the
Peace elected.
In Brooklyn. The City Court., held by the City Judge; Po-
lice Courts and Justices' Courts, for whose convenience
the city is divided into 5 districts ; a Court of Special Ses-
sions, held by a Justice or Police Justice.
In Buffalo. A Superior Court, held by 3 Justices; Justices'
and Police Courts. Eight Justices of the Peace and one
Police Justice elected.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
35
The officers in each county, auxiliary to the judiciary, are as follows :
The District Attorney, 1 who is the official prosecutor in all criminal cases coming before
the county courts, and has general duties in relation to suits in which the county has an interest.
The Sheriff, 2 who is charged with the preservation of the public peace and the execution of
the orders of the courts. He has charge of the jail and prisoners, and appoints as many deputies as
he may deem necessary. He can hold no other office, and is ineligible to the same office for the
next 3 years after his term expires. He is required to give bonds, in default of which the office
becomes vacant.
The County Clerk, who is made the keeper of the county records. He attends the courts and
records their proceedings, records deeds and mortgages, files papers and documents required by
law to be preserved in his office, and is the medium of communication between State and town
officers. He is the clerk of the Supreme Court for his county. He appoints a deputy, who, when
duly sworn, may discharge all his duties.
Four Coroners, who are charged with the duty of inquiring into the cause of sudden deaths.
Upon being notified, it is their duty to attend at the place where a dead body is found, summon a
jury and witnesses, examine into the causes, and make a written report to the county clerk. They
also have the sole power of issuing writs against sheriffs.
A Register, performing that part of the duties of county clerks relating to the recording of
conveyances and mortgages, is elected in New York, Kings, and Westchester counties ; and each
of these appoints a deputy.
Commissioners of Deeds, to take acknowledgments of deeds and legal documents, are ap-
pointed by the Common Councils of cities in such numbers as they may decide, except in New York,
where the number is limited to 300, and in Syracuse to 12. 3
Notaries Public are appointed by the Governor and Senate for a term of 2 years, and have
authority to demand and accept payment of foreign bills of exchange, and to protest the same for
nonpayment, and to exercise the customary duties of this office. Their number is limited to 400
in New York, 25 in Troy, and in other cities and towns as many as the Governor may deem proper.
Criminal Courts. Courts for the trial of criminal cases consist of the Court of Oyer and
Terminer connected with the circuit of the Supreme Court, the Court of Sessions connected with
the County Court, City Criminal Courts, and Justices' Courts. 4
Courts of Oyer and Terminer consist of a Justice of the Supreme Court associated with
the County Judge and two Justices of the Sessions, (except in New York City,) the Supreme Judge
and two of the others constituting a quorum for trials. This court has original and general
jurisdiction.
Courts of Sessions are held by the County Judge and two Justices of Sessions. They have
jurisdiction over cases in which the imprisonment in case of conviction is less than ten years.
The inferior City Courts and Justices' Courts have jurisdiction over petty criminal cases.
In Hudson. A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor, Recorder,
and Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly or singly ;
a Justices' Court, held by 2 Justices. One Police Justice
elected.
In New York. The Superior Court, consisting of a Chief
Justice and 6 Justices ; the Court of Common Pleas, com-
posed of 3 Justices; the Marine Court, composed of 3
Justices; the Court of Oyer and Terminer, held by a
Justice of the Supreme Court; the Court of General Ses-
sions, held by the Recorder or City Judge; the Court of
Special Sessions, held by the Recorder or City Judge with-
out a jury ; Police Courts, held by Special Justices in 4
separate districts; and Justices' or District Courts, held
in 6 separate districts.
In Oswego. A Recorder's Court, held by the Recorder, or, In
his absence, by the Mayor or any two Aldermen ; a Court
of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder. Two Justices
elected.
In Poughkeepsie. Justices' and Police Courts.
In Rochester. Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of
the Peace and 1 Police Justice elected.
In Sclienectady. Justices' and Police Courts. Four Justices
elected.
In Syracuse. Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of
the Peace and 1 Police Justice elected.
In Troy. A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor, Recorder, and
Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly, or either
singly. Practically it is held by the Recorder ; a Justices'
Court, held by 3 Justices elected for the purpose.
In Ulica. A Becorder's Court, held by the Recorder; a Court
of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder and 2 Aldermen.
Four Justices and 1 Police Justice elected.
1 By an act passed April 14, 1852, the supervisors may deter-
mine whether this shall be a salaried office, and may fix the com-
pensation. In the absence of such action, the District Attorney
is paid by fees.
2 Constitution, Art. X., Sec. 1. From 1777 to 1822 sheriffs were
appointed annually by the Governor and Council, and could not
hold the office more than 4 successive years. They have been
elected since 1S22.
3 In towns the duties of the office are'performed by justices of
the peace. Special commissioners for this service were appointed
in the several cos. by the Council of Appointment under the first
Constitution, and by the Governor and Senate under the Constitu-
tion of 1821. The Governor may appoint, for a term of 4 years,
any number of persons not exceeding 5, in any city or co. of other
States and of Canada, to take acknowledgments of instruments
or conveyances to be recorded in this State. The consuls, vice-
consuls, and ministers of the U. S. in foreign countries, the
mayors of London, Liverpool, and Dublin, the provost of Edin-
burgh, and persons appointed by the Governor, not exceeding
3 in each of the cities of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Paris, and
Marseilles, may also perform this duty, and administer oaths or
affirmations substantiating proofs to documents requiring to bo
recorded or to be produced in evidence within this State.
4 In 1829, co. clerks were required to report to the Secretary
of State a transcript of all convictions and the sentences thereon.
The intention of this act was to establish evidence in case of the
trial of the same person for a second offense, in which the punish-
ment for the same crimes is enhanced in severity. In 1837. the
Secretary of State was required to report a statement of all con-
victions reported under this act, and annually afterward to lay
before the Legislature a like summary. In 1839, sheriffs were
also required to report the name, occupation, age, sex, and native
country of every person convicted, and such other information
as might indicate degree of education, the effect of home influ-
ences, and such other details as might be required. Under tha
administration of E. W. Leavenworth, the statistics of crime
36
NEW YOKK STATE GAZETTEER
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT.
Under the head of the Administrative Department are classed the officers charged with the
general administration of the affairs of canals, of State prisons, of the salt springs, of academic and
common school education, and other public interests, each of which is particularly noticed elsewhere.
It also includes a variety of other offices, the principal of which are as follows:
The County Treasurer is charged with the duty of receiving all moneys collected by tax, or
otherwise payable into the county treasury, of paying all orders issued by the Supervisors, and of
accounting to the Comptroller of the State for such moneys as are due to the State treasury. He
is required to give bonds ; and in case of vacancy the office is filled by appointment of the Super-
visors until the January following the next general election.
Superintendents of the Poor have charge of the county poor and of the poorhonses,
unless otherwise provided by law. The Supervisors may elect to have 1 or 3 superintendents. In
several of the counties, special laws exist with regard to this office. 1
Commissioners of Excise are appointed by the County Judge and the two Associate
Justices, except in New York, where the Chief Justice of the Superior Court, the presiding Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas, and the Recorder, have the appointing power. They meet annually on
the third Tuesday of May, to grant licenses for selling liquors and keeping inns under restrictions
fixed by law. This office was created April 16, 1857. Twenty freeholders must unite in a peti-
tion for a license ; and the same person can sign but one petition. Licenses cost $30 to $250
each.
Vr., 49; Spain, 6; Italy, 13; Portugal, 6; Sweden, 10; Norway,
2; other European countries, 18 : Africa, 26; E. I., 8; unknown,
152: crimes against the person, 280; against property, with vio-
lence, 291; without Tiolence, 4,016; forgery, and against the cur-
rency. 728. Sentence varied from 7 mo. to life, the most being
as follows: 1 year, 242; 2 years, 259; 3 years, 581; 3 years 1 day,
JTs; 4. years, 604; 5 years, 764; 7 years, 820; 10 years, 294; 14
years, 239; life, 603.
from the first reports to, and including, 1854 were published,
which gave the following results :
New York State Prism received from 1798 to 1827 inclusive,
5 879 prisoners : died, 765; escaped, 25; sentence expiated, 1.262;
pardoned. 3,160; removed, 348: natives of N.H., 99; Vt.. 114;
Mass.. 392: R.I., 110; Ct., 391; N.Y., 2,426; N.J.. 314; Penn.,
234: Del., 21; Md., 75 ; Va., 69; other States, 43; B.A.,87; MM.,
141; S.Ai,12; Eng.,247; Ire., 655; Scot., 79; Ger.,58; Hoi., 22;
Convictions in Courts of Record from 1830 to 1856.
4,
i,~
a
~r~
g,
^
3
s
V
r
S-s
*
~- >*s
c
_ s
v
c:
v
V
O
5*.
a
3 s .
1
YEARS.
03 ~
~' 8
Ij5 .
^ '~ <u
*~ si
~ h ?>
1
YEARS.
^
~ t. ^j
VI i'
"'*
$
If
^a.
5 "
c &.S
til
. = =
'e 5
& t.2
"! * a
B J fe
cfc?
Cft S
stfc,
fe
o
"s
S
If
du
"<:ft<
.2 ~ i
la
' sS-S
*i?.3
> 8.
, v *
? t ?
|5|
t
O
1
1830...
237
101
502
74
144
1,059
1S45...
471
177
467
54
520
1,689
1831.
243
93
464
63
94
956
1846...
384
138
471
38
440
.471
1832.
289
79
440
60
98
966
1S47...
385
132
396
24
408
.295
1S33.
362
75
462
61
153
1,113
1848...
437
120
512
33
425
,527
1834.
217
99
355
53
148
869
1S49. .
397
150
545
44
404
.540
1835.
287
92
426
34
237
1,076
1R50. .
397
199
521
36
410
,563
1836.
316
86
379
32
150
963
1S51. .
409
148
475
49
401
1,482
1837.
393
124
477
52
145
1,191
1852. .
412
228
480
48
434
1.602
1838.
296
112
472
42
164
1.0S6
1853. .
483
185
573
52
553
1.846
1839.
287
115
479
51
186
1118
1854. .
432
189
591
75
835
2,122
1S40.
463
120
437
49
274
1,343
1-.-,:,. .
397
278
86
37
544
1.842
1841.
458
121
460
49
427
1,515
1856. .
432
248
573
49
212
i:514
1842.
484
175
504
63
376
1,602
1V.7. .
475
350
607
64
158
1,654
1843.
408
244
504
78
336
1.570
1858. .
436
332
617
90
237
1,712
1844.
394
172
489
60
312
1,427
Of the 1712 convicted in 1858, 1582 were males and 130 females.
The number of convictions reported by sheriffs falls short of that j
by clerks for the obvious reason that many who are fined pay
down their penalties and never come into the sheriff's hands.
The excess reported by clerks from 1839 to 1854 varied from 172
to 1,000 annually. Males form about 94 per cent, of all con-
victions reported by clerks, 93 per cent, of those reported by
sheriffs, and 85 per cent, of those convicted in courts of special
sessions. The results of trial compared with total indictments
have varied in different years within the following limits :
Ratio of convictions to indictments 593 to 689.
" acquittals " 249 to 380.
" disagreement of juries " 013to.025.
" convict'nsonconfess'n" 182to.390.
The least number of convictions reported from 1829 to 1855. in
proportion to population, was in 1834. when it was 1 to 2,444.
The greatest number was in 1845, when it was 1 to 1,542.
Pard<ms. The number of pardons granted from 1778 to 1854
inclusive, was 8,793; of which 160 were from fines. 160 from fines
and imprisonment, 1.285 from jails and local prisons, 5 747 from
State prison for term of years, and 559 from State prison for life.
Of the whole number, 1,640 were conditioned mostly to leaving
the State orTJ. S.. 807 were restored to rights of citizens. 59 were
respited from capital offenses. The pardoning power has been
xeicised as follows :
GeorgeClinton 308
John Jay ICO
Morgan Lewis 213
Daniel D. Tompkins l.fi3
John Taylor 223
De Witt Clinton. 2.289
Joseph C. Yates 291
Xathaniel Pitcher 228
Martin Van Buren 34
EnosT. Throop 415
Wm. L. Marcy 834
Wm. H. Seward 377
Wm. C. Bouck 279
Silas Wright 282
John Young 268
Hamilton Fish 97
Washington Hunt 346
Horatio Seymour 456
Myron H.Clark 530
John A. King 426
1 The salary of these officers, where there is but one in a
county, is fixed by the Supervisors; but in those counties where
there are 3 they are usually paid for the time employed.
Albany has none. Chemung. Clinton, Dutcbess, Essex, J-'rank-
lin, Ftiltnn, Genesee, Herkimer, Jefferson, Montgomery, Orange,
Orleans. Otsego, Putnam, Schenectady, Schuyler, Sullivan, and
Ulster, have each one; and those in italic are appointed by
Supervisors. In early times each town supported its own poor,
and where persons who had not acquired residence became
chargeable, they were sent from town to town back to the place
where they had formerly resided. A very able report was pre-
sented to the Senate by J. V. N. Yates, Secretary of State, f'eb.
9, 1824, upon the subject of the "laws for the relief and settle-
ment of the poor," in which he advised the erection of one or
more houses of employment in each co., in which paupers might
STATE GOVERNMENT.
37
State Assessors. The object of the office is to collect the necessary statistics among the
several counties to enable the Board of Equalization to equalize the State tax among the several
counties, and fix the amount of real and personal estate upon which the State tax shall be levied.
The Assessors are appointed by the Government and Senate, and hold office for three years.
The Board of Equalization consists of the Commissioners of the Land Office, and the
State Assessors. It meets at Albany on the first Tuesday of September of each year, for the pur-
pose of equalizing the taxes, &c.
be maintained and employed at the county charge, and that
children at suitable ages should be put out to some useful trade.
An act was accordingly passed Nov. 27, 1824, authorizing the
establishment of county poorhouses. In most of the counties
such institutions were established within a few years. They
were located upon farms, which were designed to be worked, as
far as practicable, by the inmates. The towns in Queens and
Suffolk counties have mostly town poorhouses, and in these there
are no county establishments of this 'kind. The county of
Albany supports its poor at the city almshouse.
In most counties a distinction is made between town and
county poor, the former including those who have gained a resi-
dence ; and this distinction may be made or not, at the option of
the Board of Supervisors. Temporary relief may be extended
in cases where the pauper cannot be removed, or for other
causes satisfactory to the Superintendents. Towns may vote at
town meetings the sum estimated to be necessary for the support
of their own poor.
The following tables and summaries are from the last annual
Report of the Secretary of State :
Statistics of Poorhouses and of the Support of the Poor, for the year ending Dec. 1, 1858.
COUNTIES.
Acres of land at-
tached to Poor-
house.
Estimated value
of Poorhouse es-
tablishments.
Value of labor of
paupers.
|
is
R, p
"
1
fe-fe-
Number of county
paupe-rs relieved
or supported.
Number of town
paupers relieved
or supported.
Number of per-
sons temporarily
relieved.
Expenses connect-
ed with the county
Poorhouaes.
Expenses of ad-
ministerinQ tem-
porary relief.
5>3>ib
S S,1
8%
bs**
.si -.=*;
5 b
fefs.i-
Allegany
183
130
2UO
96
171.8
175
172
90
204}
118
200
106
154
100
162
86
134
130
$10,000 00
8,000 00
6,500 00
20,000 00
12,000 00
13,000 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
35,000 00
6,800 00
5,000 00
15.000 00
49,091 00
4,500 00
4,639 75
8,000 00
8,000 00
10,000 00
$250 00
200 00
200 00
800 00
2,524 00
$1 02
59
1 12
83
787
894
72
89
1 09
72
90
1 00
70
1 00
42
243
1,335
160
2,778
4,106
245
109
2,738
565
250
136
1,771
1,292
44
84
112
175
97
21
4.908
1,464
37,730
126
286
223
223
1,178
271
$5,879 68
3,727 01
2,725 44
9,393 21
5,094 65
2,850 48
3.997 33
3,076 02
12,158 15
2,950 52
3.096 93
15,965 09
$2,675 41
8,250 01
6,136 14
16,968 47
5,846 58
6,513 53
1,078 19
6,362 84
$8.555 09
11.977 02
8.861 58
26,361 68
10.941 23
9.364 01
5,075 52
9,438 86
12.158 15
5,373 13
6,045 55
16,205 09
55,503 63
4.968 92
2,804 90
4,623 44
5,272 14
3,428 46
500 00
22.618 14
18,401 62
178,610 13
4.125 67
8.724 63
18.735 60
47,248 50
23,010 76
490.883 64
12.875 78
44,570 32
60,544 66
13,861 73
20.043 44
7,922 07
48.326 73
8,677 10
3.979 37
24,590 90
46.926 00
12,954 24
5.516 28
20,943 62
7.4fiO 42
9,331 21
6,982 14
4.947 87
7.938 62
10.149 96
16,268 79
7,489 96
9,498 87
3.918 66
16,513 08
3,610 67
10.442 89
17,168 14
16,131 07
4,036 24
8.275 49
Cattaraugus ..
219
Chautauque...
Chemung
Chenango
3,725
449 76
250 00
1,000 00
180 00
250 00
151
103
2,585
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
172
386
2.422 61
2,948 62
300 00
20,474 90
2,273 45
1,489 11
922 00
2,192 46
250 00
100 00
15,219 04
11,960 67
32,110 47
561 26
4.004 01
11,781 23
28,815 88
13.330 00
139,731 54
7,552 98
31,298 65
40,384 84
7.065 80
10,755 09
4,140 10
43,199 99
3.974 70
2,590 53
2.287 75
30,754 00
3,496 42
2,417 21
13,944 38
312
3,500 00
200 00
200 00
5,915
223
5,915
136
56
35.028 73
2,095 47
1,315 79
3.701 44
3,079 68
3,178 46
400 00
7,399 10
6.440 95
146,499 66
3,564 41
4,630 62
6,954 37
18,432 62
9,680 76
351.152 10
5.322 80
13.271 67
10,159 82
6,795 93
9,288 35
3,781 97
5,126 74
4,702 40
1,388 84
22,303 15
16,172 00
9,457 82
3.099 07
6,990 24
7.460 42
7,174 72
2,471 70
3,547 87
3,918 89
4,420 89
12,008 79
3,357 03
3,04'J 81
3,271 15
6,721 72
1.241 75
4.051 40
8.887 78
15.981 09
3.416 02
3,102 80
Franklin
Fulton
500 00
600 00
662
685
66
117
" 66
17
4,656
1,015
29,881
70
Hamilton
Herkimer
65
107
10,000 08
14.000 00
400,000 00
3,500 00
18.000 00
16.500 00
40,375 16
7,500 00
742 90
500 00
1,500 00
200 00
700 00
1 10
76
2 22
93
74
1 035
70
1 637
59
118
172
134
150
48
Livingston....
350 00
400 00
2,858
1,063
2,817
4,614
Montgomery-
New York
110,822
3,687
7,062
3,538
2.402
1,330
510
3,330
342
120
150
36i
212
267
107
60
170
196
12,000 00
8,100 00
16,000 00
21,200 00
25,000 00
10,113 75
4,350 00
15.350 00
10,000 00
1,000 00
1,380 'OO
700 00
1,500 00
375 00
500 00
81
1 00
915
68
985
1 07
1 14 '
42
58
3.980
8,102
2,400
2,753
1,679
865
747
63
Onondaga
1,733
2,830
492
300 00
555
966
1,881
384
2.931
505
403
57
144
1.535
1.175
56
350
240
99
1.280
82
2.629
1.335
1,312
170
65
381
8,578
36
3,986
1,642
636
2,499
Rensselaer ....
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence .
Saratoga
Schenectady..
Schoharie
Schuvler
144
125
47
130
200
113
110
29.000 00
21.000 00
11.000 00
7.200 00
6.000 00
8.000 00
5,000 00
600 00
800 00
700 00
500 00
300 00
128 00
100 00
1 48
1 45
805
' 737
94
94
77
449
206
359
113
868
297
160
1,164
870
225
2'.]
657
148
2,047
2.156 49
4,510 44
1,400 00
4.019 73
5,729 07
4.2fiO 00
4.132 93
6,452 06
647 5.1
9,791 36
2,368 92
6.391 49
8.280 36
149 98
620 22
112 69
126J
200
16.000 00
10,000 00
300 00
275 00
855
1 00
1 00
83
84
72
70
49
60
1 275
1 018
801
96
Suffolk
453
""417
49
1,191
Sullivan
Tioga
100
60
100
140
200
174
193
165
111
123
1,500 00
6,000 00
6,000 00
9,000 00
2,500 00
12,000 00
7,ii20 00
35.500 00
5,000 00
5,500 00
200 00
750 00
500 00
600 00
100 00
755 00
325 00
1,150 00
150 00
200 00
Tompkins
Ulster .
Washington...
2,332
1,163
666
61
70
66
Westchester ..
Wyoming
Yates
89
Total
7,208.8
$1.059,339 66
$29.484 66
$ 90.5
103,499
23,205
207.207
$884.119 78
$607,271 50 '$1,491.391 28
During the year 1?58. 38.582 were admitted, 38,400 were dis-
charged, 1,007 absconded, 849 were born, 2,584 died, and 646 were
bound out.
Supported in Poorhouse. Males, 6,219; Females, 7,203; total
13,422. Foreigners, 6,503 ; Lunatics, 1,838 ; Idiots, 437 ; Mutes,
36. Temporarily Relieved. Foreigners, 58,709 ; Lunatics, 2,408 ;
Idiots, 595 ; Mutes, 52.
38 NEW YOKE STATE GAZETTEER.
Loan Commissioners 1 are appointed in each county by the Governor and Senate, except in
Onondaga, where they are elected. They are paid i to f of one per cent, on all moneys loaned,
and are obliged to give bonds and report annually to the Comptroller.
School Commissioners are elected one in each Assembly District, and under certain
circumstances another may be added. They are required to examine and grant certificates to
teachers, visit schools, apportion the public moneys, and report to the Superintendent of Public
Instruction. The Board of Supervisors in the counties have the power of arranging the several
commissioner districts and of increasing the salary of the commissioners above $500. All cities,
and many villages, are under special laws with regard to schools, and are more or less exempt
from the jurisdiction of County School Commissioners. 2
Sealers of Weights and Measures are appointed for the State and for each county and
town. The State Superintendent has an office at Albany, and he furnishes to the several counties
and towns standard sets of weights and measures. 3 The County Sealer keeps the Standards
Children under 16, Males, 2,776; Females, 3,045. Total, 5,821.
Number of children instructed, 3,219. Average 8 months in
the year.
Nativities of Persons relieved in 1S5S-
Males.
Females.
T'.til.
United States
45,174
59,570
104,744
42.212
50,504
92.716
12,601
16,173
28,774
4.183
3,371
7,554
1,995
2.013
4,008
1,094
1,995
3,089
1,268
1,068
2,336
Total
108,527
134.694
243,221
Causes of Pauperism, as far as
ascertained.
Males.
Females.
Total.
16669
9.164
25833
Children of intemperate parents..
Wives with intemperate hus-
bands
5,133
3,140
3,140
8,273
3,140
Total intemperance
21,802
15,444
37,246
543
622
] 165
392
375
767
Idleness
5,582
4,080
9,662
1417
904
2321
Idiocy _
431
441
872
1,206
1,533
2,739
Blindness
353
165
518
1329
662
1 991
12 667
10167
2 9 834
668
447
1 115
1948
2077
4025
Total from all causes reported..
48,338
36,917
85,255
1 The first State loan was made by an act passed April 18,
1786, creating bills of credit to the amount of $500.000, the
most of which was apportioned among the counties ill propor-
tion to their supposed wants, and loaned by officers appointed
for the purpose. These bills were of convenient denominations
and circulated as money. They were receivable in payment of
taxes, and for some purposes were legal tender. This loan was
distributed among the counties then existing, as follows :
A third loan of $400,000 was authorized to the several counties,
excepting New York, Kings, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, and
Westchester, in proportion to the number of their electors. In
case the Supervisors of these counties applied for a share, a
further sum of $50,000 was authorized to be issued. In 1819
the above loan was transferred to the Common School Fund.
In 1850 the office of Loan Commissioner for the loans of 1792
and 1808 was abolished, and the loans remaining in their hands
were transferred to the custody of the commissioners for loanine
the U S. Deposit Fund.
The U. S. Deposit Fund originated as follows : An Act of
Congress, passed June 23, 1836, directed the surplus in the trea-
sury on the 1st day of Jan. 1837, excepting $5,000,000, to be
deposited with the several States in proportion to their repre-
sentation. The amount thus deposited was $37,468.859.97, of
which N. Y. received $5,352,694.28. This was apportioned to
the several counties according to population, as follows :
$147,107.48
86,681.22
49,698.81
61.504.43
121,113.45
110.447.53
42,991.07
100.337.93
51,057.58
100,298.54
69.491.87
84,165.51
124.810.71
141,770.83
50,951.74
30,771.91
144.217.61
74.272.51
89,110.77
18,921.82
23,867.24
103.501,02
93.568.65
39,951.05
70,174.02
55,697.62
101.994.55
69,598.02
Oneida
$33,858.70
40,699.36
93,558.80
98,363.76
29,622.36
96,803.13
93,017.26
95.4S3.74
48,728.95
130,679.06
78,910.08
39,613.81
76,534.68
102,747.79
142,979.45
119,038.36
664,839.06
65,206.61
190,814.86
149,928.42
1(10.603.77
111,006.31
56.352.39
94.142.19
124.131.32
28,433.43
61,858.89
136,653.25
Onondaga..
Ontario
Orange _.
Orleans
Cattaraugus __.
Chautauque
Queens
Rensselaer
Kichmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence...
Saratoga
Schenectady.,.
Schoharie .......
Seneca .
Cortland
Erie
Franklin
Greene
Steuben
Suffolk _
Sullivan
Herkimer
Kings
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Livingston
Madison
Warren
Washington ...
Montgomery
New York
Niagara _.
Westchester_..
Yates
2 In Utica and Schenectady the care of schools is intrusted
Albany $55,000
Dutchess 42.500
Kings 11 250
New York.. $80,000
Orange 25,000
Queens 28,750
Richmond.. 11,250
3 remained due on th<
d the whole was fina
ch 14, 1792, another
among the counties,
New York. $48,250
Ontario 3,000
Orange 27.250
Otsego 7.500
Orleans 21.500
Rensselaer 33.500
Richmond. 4.750
Suffolk S'25.000
Ulster... 31 000
Washington 7.500
Westchester 23,750
! loan of 1786 at the
Lly called in in 1830.
oan of $500,000 was
as follows :
Saratoga.... $26.000
Suffolk 24.000
Tioga 6,500
Montgomery 30,000
The sum of $79.447.5
beginning of 1810, at
By an act of Mar
made and distributee
Albany $41,000
Clinton 3,500
Columbia 40,750
Dutchess 68,000
Herkimer.... 7,000
Kings 4 750
Ulster 40500
Washington 33.500
Westchester 35,250
Montgomery. .23,500
to " Commissioners of Common Schools ;"' in Buffalo and Hudson
the Common Councils are ex officio Commissioners of Schools;
and in Albany, Astoria. Auburn, Brooklvn, Castleton, and
Southfield, (Clifton,) College Point, East "Chester, Flushing,
Jamaica, Lockport, Medina, Newburgh, New York, Oswego,
Port Byron, Poughkeepsie, Pulaski, Rochester. Salem. Syracuse,
Troy, Waterford, \Testfarms, and Wbitestown, schools are
under a Board of Education, usually elected, but in some of the
cities appointed by the Common Council. In most cities a
Superintendent, who is clerk of the Board, is appointed by the
Board of Education for the more immediate supervision of
schools and inspection of teachers. In Buffalo the Superin-
tendent is elected.
3 A Cnunty Standard consists of
1. A large balance, comprising a brass beam and scales, with
stand and lever.
2. A small balance, with a drawer stand for email weights.
3. A set of large brass weights, namely. 501b.,201b,101b.,51b.
4. A set of small brass weights, avoirdupois, namely, 41b.,
21b., lib., Soz., 4oz., 2oz., loz., Joz.. oz.
5. A brass yard measure, graduated to feet and inches, and
the first graduated to eighths of an Inch, and also decimally ; with
a graduation to cloth measure on the other side; in a case.
6. A set of liquid measures made of copper, namely, 1 gallon,
j gallon, 1 quart, 1 pint, | pint, 1 gill; in a case.
7. A set of dry measures of copper, namely, 5 bushel, 1 peck,
i peck, 2 quarts, 1 quart; in a case.
There are also cases to contain the large brass weights and
the necessary packing boxes included, etc. The cost of the set
is $300.
A Tvwn Standard differs in some particulars, as consisting
of but one medium sized balance, the large weights being of
iron in place of brass; the yard measure being a cast metallic
square rod, without decimal graduation, etc. ; and likewise with-
out cases, in general. The cost of the set is $125.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
39
furnished by the State, and is required to have them compared with the State Standard once in 3
years. The Town Sealer is required to examine all weights and measures in use once a year. 1
The Mayors of cities are administrative officers of State laws and executive officers of city
ordinances. They are elected annually, except in Albany and New York, where they hold their
offices for two years.
The Supervisors of towns are administrators of the general laws relating to towns.
The President and Trustees of villages havecharge of every thing pertaining to the
welfare of their respective localities within the limits of the charter of incorporation.
Trustees of School Districts are the officers recognized by law to whom is intrusted
the administration of the school laws within their districts.
Turnpike Inspectors are appointed in every county in which there are turnpikes, the
acts of incorporation of which do not require the appointment of special inspectors. They are 3
to 5 in number, and must have no interest in any turnpike in the State.
Plank. Road Inspectors are appointed in every county having plank roads. Their duties
are analogous to those of the inspectors of turnpikes ; and they are chiefly intended to protect
the public against the collection of tolls when plank roads are unsafe or difficult to travel from
neglect or other cause.
Commissioners of Highways have the power of directing repairs, laying out and
altering roads, discontinuing old roads, and of ordering new bridges to be built and kept in rer>air. 2
They must annually divide the towns into road districts, and assign such inhabitants to ivork
upon them as they may deem proper ; and they must deposit an accurate description of all new
roads in the Town Clerk's office for record.
Overseers of Highways, or " Pathmasters," have charge of road districts. 3
1 The statute defines the State Standard of Weights ainl M'-:i-
sures to be the same as that approved by Congress June 14, 1836,
and furnished by the U. S. to the States in 1842. The set fur-
nished consisted of a yard, sets of Troy and avoirdupois weights,
the wine gallon and the half bushel and their subdivisions.
The unit of length and surface, from which all other measures
of extension are derived, whether linear, superficial, or solid, Is
the yard, which is divided into 3 feet of 12 inches each, except
for cloths or other articles sold by the yard, when it may be
divided into halves, eighths, and sixteenths. The rod contains
5i yards, and the mile 1,760 yards: the acre is 160 square rods;
the chain for land surveying is 22 yards long and subdivided
into 100 links ; the Troy pound is to the avoirdupois as 5.760 to
7,000, the one containing 12 and the other 16 ounces: lOOlbs.
avoirdupois form a hundredweight, and 2.0001hs. a ton. All
measures of capacity not liquid are derived from the half bushel,
the subdivisions of which are obtained by dividing repeatedly
by 2. Coal, ashes, marl, manure, corn in the ear, fruit, and
roots, are sold by heap measure.
The Standards now in use do not vary essentially from those
established by the State Government before standards were fur-
nished by the U. 8. As formerly defined, the unit of linear mea-
sure was the yard, which bore the ratio of 1,000,000 to 1,086,140,
to a pendulum beating seconds in a vacuum at the tempera-
ture of melting ice at Columbia College. A cubic foot of water
at its maximum density in vacuo was declared equal to 1000
ounces avoirdupois. The liquid gallon to contain Slbs., and the
dry gallon lOlbs., of distilled water at its greatest density and
mean pressure at sea level.
Weights of articles per bushel as fixed by Standard.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
62
55
Rye
56
60
Oats
32
gait
56
58
60
Timothy
44
48
60
Wheat
60
Barlev...
48
2 Roads extending through several towns may be laid out by
commissioners appointed by the Supervisors; and those extend-
ing through several counties are usually laid out by special com-
missioners appointed by law. The commissioners of highways
are required to report annually, at town meeting, their receipts
and expenditures, and a statement of what improvements are
necessary, and the cost of obtaining them. These estimates are
referred to the Board of Supervisors, and assessed as other town
charges. They may summon jurors and witnesses in opening
and closing roads. Roads through improved lands must be cer-
tified as necessary by the oath of twelve respectable freeholders ;
and a like certificate to the contrary is required in closing roads.
Every owner may obtain a road to his land.
New roads cannot be laid through orchards or gardens of
more than four years' growth or use, or through buildings or
yards, and enclosures of mills and factories, without the owner's
consent. The law requires the commissioners of highways to
erect mileboards along the line, and guideboards at the crossing
of post and such other important roads as they may deem
proper; and the defacing of these is punishable as a misde-
meanor. Every owner or occupant of lands in any town, and
every male inhabitant above the age of 21, must be assessed for
highway labor. The whole number of days' labor annually ex-
pended in the town must be at least three times the number of
taxable inhabitants ; and every male inhabitant over 21, except
ministers, paupers, idiots, and lunatics, must be assessed at
least one day. The residue is assessed upon the property of in-
dividuals and corporations. Labor may be commuted at the
rate of 62 J cts. per day ; and the moneys so paid must be ex-
pended in the district.
3 Overseers of Highways are required by law to warn out to
work all persons assessed for highway labor in their respective
districts ; keep their roads in order; superintend work; receive
and apply commutation moneys ; cause the noxious weeds upon
the wayside to be cut down or destroyed once before July and
once before Sept. of each year ; remove obstructions; and collect
all fines, whether for neglect of work, idleness, or putting up
of gates contrary to law. They may require additional labor, to
the amount of one-third of the first tax. All roads must be
fenced by the owners of adjacent lands, unless liable to be over-
flowed by streams, when the overseers of highways must erect,
and keep in repair, good swinging gates at the expense of the
lands benefi tted ; and persons leaving such gates open are liable
to triple damages. All rivers where the tide ebbs and flows are
public highways, without special law. Many other streams have
been so declared by acts, and obstructions in such streams and
in highways are punished by fine, notwithstanding a plea of
title. Such obstructions may be abated as nuisances ; and the
persons causing them are liable to actions for damage. Persons
owning lands upon roads 3 rods wide, or more, may plant trees
on the roadside adjacent to their line, and may prosecute for
damages to such trees. They may also construct a sidewalk,
with a railing. Trees falling into the road from enclosed lands
must be removed by the occupant within 2 days, after notice by
any person, under a fine of 50 cts. a day. Assessors and com-
missioners of highways are ex officio fence viewers in their sev-
eral towns. In case of fires in the woods of any town, it is the
duty of the supervisor, justices, and commissioners of highways
to order such and so many inhabitants, liable to work upon the
roads, as may be deemed necessary, and reside near, to assist o
checking the fires, under penalty of $50, and liability to prose-
cution for misdemeanor, and further fine not over $100 or im-
prisonment not more than 60 days.
Persons aggrieved at the decision of commissioners may ap
peal to referees appointed by the county judge or justices of
sessions. Kings, Queens, and Suffolk cos. have from an early
colonial period had a road law peculiar to themselves. It differs
by fixing the number of days at twice the number of persons
assessed, in granting private roads for limited periods, in allow-
ing roads through gardens and orchards of less than ten years'
use or growth, by allowing appeals to the crninty judge, and in
a few other minor details. Richmond co. has also a special law,
which requires assessments in money only, to be collected with
the general tax, and the repairs of roads to be let out at public
auction by districts from year to year and to the lowest bidder.
There are many other special laws, chiefly applicable to cities
and villages, but too numerous to mention here.
40
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
SUMMARY OF THE SEVERAL STATE, COUNTY, AND TOWN OFFICERS.
Total
Jfo. in
State.
Years
in
Office.
Commence-
ment of term
of Office.
ffow filled.
Vacancies
how filled.
Compensation.
2
6
March 4.
Legislature.
Governor.
$3,000 and mileage.
Representatives in Congress....
STATE OFFICERS.
LEGISLATIVE
33
32
2
2
u
January 1.
Election.
tt
Special election.
t(
$3 per day and mileage.
128
1
(i
EXECUTIVE
1
2
tt
tt
Lieut. Gov.
$4,000 and house rent.
1
2
u
tt
Pres. p. t. of Sen.
$6 per day and mileage.
1
2
tt
tt
Governor.
2,500.
1
2
M
tt
K
u
1
2
((
u
1
2
U
tt
$2,000.
State Engineer and Surveyor...
JUDICIAL
Judges of the Court of Appeals"
Justices of the Supreme Court
Clerk of the Court of Appeals..
1
8
33
1
1
2
8
8
2
2
tt
tt
It
It
Date of appt.
tt
tt
tt
tt
/Gov., Lt. Gov.,
tt
tt
tt
tt
Gov., Lt. Gov.,\
$2,500.
$2,500 before 1857 ; $3,500
since.
Ditto.
$2,000.
u
ADMINISTRATIVE
( Supt. of Public Instruction...
\ Regents of the University 6 ...
Supt. of Banking Department..
Inspectors of State Prisons
1
19
1
3
3
3
"3
3
3
K
tl
U
January 1.
n
Legislature.
tt
Gov. & Senate.
Election.
u
G overnor.
Legislature.
Governor.
(C
tt
?2.500.
None.
$5,000.
$1,600.
S2.000.
Auditor of Canal Department.
1
3
3
3
Date of appt.
tt
Gov. & Senate.
tt
tt
tt
52,500.
$2,000.
Supt. of Weights and Measures
1
3
Indef.
3
U
u
fGov., Lt. Gov.,
\ & Sec. of State.
Gov. & Senate.
Gov., Lt. Gov.,\
& Sec. of State. '
$500.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
No. in
each Co.
1
4
January 1.
Election.
Governor.
Sal. fixed by Supervisors.
Surrogate (in certain counties)
Special Judges and Surrogates"
1
1
2
4
1
a
tt
(C
(t
Per diem.
1
3
tt
Fees or salary.
?heriff
1
3
tt
Fees.
4
3
"
Per diem.
1
3
1st Tues.Aug
Supervisors
Percentage.
County Clerk
1
3
January 1.
Governor.
Fees.
Commissioners for loaning
2
2
Date of Appt
Gov. & Senate.
tc
Percentage.
3
January 1.
Election.
County Judge.
Not less than $500.
Superintendents of the Poor....
Commissioners of Excise
County Sealer of Weights and
Measures
lor 3
3
1
3
6
Indef.
(t
Date.ofAppt
(t
f Judges and )
| Just, of Sess. j
Supervisors.
Supervisors.
Judge & Justices
Supervisors.
Per diem or salary.
Per diem.
Fees.
Notaries Public ]
Fixed by
I 2
u
Gov. & Senate.
Governor.
Fees.
3
'
it
Supervisors.
Supervisors.
Per diem.
3
2
tt
u
"
TOWN OFFICERS.
Supervisor
No. in
ea. town.
1
1
Date of Elec
Election.
Sped, town meet
Per diem.
1
1
u
u
Fees and per diem.
3 to 18
1
tt
See note i.
f Superv. town 1
Per diem.
4
4
tt
Election.
Governor.
Fees.
Constables^
1 to 5
1
January 1.
"
Fees.
3
3
Date of Elec.
Sped, town meet
Per diem.
Collector
1
1
Superv. & 2 jus.
Percentage.
Overseers of the Poor?
lor 2
...
Sped, town meet.
Per diem.
Commissioners of Highways...
Overseers of Highways I
Pound Masters
lor 3
1 to each
road dis.
Indef.
3
J;
u
tt
<(
((
Com. highways.
Justices.
Fees.
Town Sealer of Weights and
Measures
1
1
tt
Superv. & j. p.
Superv. & j. p.
Fees.
SCHOOL DIST. OFFICERS.
Ifo. in
each dist.
1 or 3
3
2d Tues. Get
Election.
Supervisor.
None.
District Clerk
1
1
Trustees.
Collector
1
1
Librarian
1
1
4 elected for 8 yrs., and 4 senior Justices of Supreme Court.
* 4 others are ex nfficio Regents. Regulated by special acts.
J One in each Assembly district. In certain counties.
/2 inspectors are elected and 1 appointed from the next high-
est ticket, to each election dist. by the chairman of town meet-
ings. In cities there is 1 such dist. if under 500 inhabitants;
2, if from 500 to 800 ; and there may be more if above 800. In
towns of over 500, the supervisor, assessors, and clerk meet
annually to designate or change these distrscts. If vacancies of
supervisors, assessors, commissioners of highways, or overseers
of the poor are not filled within 15 days, the justices may ap-
soint; and, if from any cause there be less than 3, they may asso-
ciate justices of neighboring towns in making appointments.
Towns in Sullivan co. may have 1 or 3: and if 1. he is chosen
annually. Oyster Bay, Oswegatchie, and Watervliet have 5, and
Southold 6.
* Towns may decide upon the number. Manlius has 7.
* In Seneca co. 1 in each town. i See exceptions on p. 36.
* Annual school meetings determine whether to elect 1 or 3.
Among the officers of local jurisdiction, not included in tlie
foregoing lists, are harbor masters, wardens, health officers, and
others connected with sanitary supervision, pilots, wredi mas-
cers, superintendent of Onondaga salt springs, and officers
charged with duties relating to Indian affairs.
PRISONS.
FOR a great number of offenses criminals are sentenced to be confined at labor for different
periods of time, and the State has provided prisons at several places for the security of these
offenders against law. 1 The principal of these are the three State Prisons, an Asylum for Insane
Convicts, two Houses of Refuge, and several penitentiaries and jails.
The Auburn State Prison is located upon a lot of 10 acres near the center of the city of
Auburn. It consists of the prison proper, containing 800 cells and a large number of workshops,
all surrounded by a high and strong wall. The Sing Sing State Prison is located upon
a lot of 130 acres upon the Hudson, in the village of Sing Sing. It contains a prison for males and
another for females, the latter the only one in the State. It has an aggregate of 1,000 cells and a
great variety of workshops. 2 The Clinton State Prison is situated upon a lot of 250
acres in the town of Dannemora. About 25 acres are enclosed within the walls of the prison. It
contains workshops, forges, and furnaces, and has an aggregate of 396 cells. 3
The general supervision of the State Prisons is intrusted to a Board of 3 Inspectors, one of
whom is elected each year for a term of three years. 4 They appoint all the officers of the several
prisons and renew them at pleasure. 5 The discipline of the several pri -ons is rigid and uniform,
and all convicts are treated alike, irrespective of their former standing in society or of the crimes
of which they are convicted. The rules for the general conduct of prisoners are rigidly enforced.
In the administration of discipline a leading object is to secure the reform of the criminal and his
return to society with regular and industrious habits and correct moral principles. 6 All convicts
in health are required to labor in shops by day, under rigid supervision, and without exchanging
words or looks with each other or with those who may visit the prison. They observe strict
silence upon all occasions when not addressed by some person allowed the privilege. In passing
to and from the cells, shops, and dining rooms, they march in close single columns, with their
the prison. He receives a salary of $1,250 to $1,500, and is re-
quired to give a bond of "$25,000.
2. A Principal Keeper, who has charge of police regulations
and discipline of the prison, and must live upon the premises.
He keeps a journal of every infraction of rules, records, punish-
ments, complaints, &c., and reports monthly to the Inspectors.
Salary, $ .
3. Keepers under the direction of the Principal are appointed,
not to exceed 1 for every 25 prisoners. Salary, $.
4. A Cleric, who records all commitments and discharges,
keeps the accounts, and reports annually to the Secretary of
State. Salary. $1,000 at Sing Sing and $900 at the other prisons.
5. The. OiapJain visits prisoners in their cells, devotes a stated
time each Sabbath to religious services, keeps the prison library,
and allows the use of books, under proper regulations, and is
expected to counsel and assist convicts in the formation of
settled resolutions for reform upon leaving the prison. Through
him they may obtain whatever is allowed of correspondence
with friends. Salary, $900.
6. A Physician and Surgeon, who has charge of the Hospital
and attends at all times when his services are required. Salary,
$700 at Sing Sing and $600 at the other prisons.
7. Instructors, of which there are 2 each at Auburn and Sing
Sing, 1 at Clinton, and 1 at the Female Prison, who give all no-
cessary instruction to the prisoners in their several occupations.
8. A St<>re Keeper, who has general charge of the provisions
and clothing and other property belonging to the prison.
9. A Guard, under the command of a sergeant, who are
stationed in the prison and upon the walls to prevent escapes.
The number of privates is 20 at Auburn, 25 at Clinton, and 30
at Sing Sing. They are armed and equipped from the State
arsenals, and are held legally justified if they shoot down
prisoners attempting to escape.
10. A Matron, who has charge of the Female Prison. Assistant
matrons are appointed, not to exceed 1 for every 25 prisoners.
6 Solitary confinement without labor was tried at Auburn in
1821, but with the most unhappy results, and in 1823 the
present system was adopted upon the suggestion of Capt. Elam
Lj'nds and John D. Cray. Capt. Lynds deserves particular
notice from the energy and firmness with which he brought
his favorite system into successful operation and to a degree of
perfection scarcely conceivable to one who had not witnessed it.
This plan has been adopted in many prisons and has received
the name of the "Auburn System." The labor not required in
the domestic affairs of these prisons is hired upon contract to
manufacturers, who put up the requisite machinery and employ
agents and foremen to superintend the work. Willful violation
of the rules is punished by the lash, ball and chain, yoke,
strait jacket, shower bath, dark cell, and similar means.
41
1 By an act of March 26, 1796, John Watts, Matthew Clarkson,
Isaac Sloatenburgh, Thomas Eddy, and John Murray, jr. were
appointed commissioners to build a State prison in New York
City. This prison, styled "Newgate," was located on a lot of 9
acres on the Hudson, at the foot of Amos St. with its principal
front on Greenwich 8t. It was 204 feet long, and from each
end a wing extended to the river. It had 54 rooms, each for 8
persons, and cost $208.846. It was opened Nov. 25, 1797, and
continued in use until May, 1828, when it was sold. Convicts
were employed in shoe and nail making and other work in
leather and iron, and as carpenters, tailors, weavers, spinners,
and gardeners. A second prison was ordered, in 1796, to be
built at Albany, but the" act was repealed in 1797. The limited
accommodations and wretched moral influences of the New
York prison led to the ordering of another prison, iij 1816, which
was located at Auburn. The south wing was complcti-d in
1818, and in 1819 the north wing was ordered to be fitted up
with single cells. The prison was enlarged in 1824.
2 An act passed March 7, 1824. ordered a prison to be erected
at Sing Sing. Work was begun May 14, 1825, and the prison
was finished in 1829, with 800 cells, to which 200 were added in
1830. It was finally completed in 1831. The grounds here
occupy 130 acres, and include marble quarries, upon which it
was designed to employ the convicts. The State Hall at Albany
is built of magne&ian marble or dolomite quarried and dressed
at this prison. The prison for females is built of rough marble
in the Ionic style of architecture. It stands on elevated ground
and is entirely distinct from the male prison ia its offices and
management. Previous to its erection, in 1835 W, female con-
victs were kept by the city of New York at their prison at
Bellevue, at an annual cost to the State of $100 each.
3 Clinton Prison was built, in 1811 15. under the direction of
Ransom Cook, with the desigu of employing convicts in iron
mining and manufacture.
4 These Inspectors must visit all the State prisons four tunes
a year, in company, inspect their management, discipline, and
financial affairs, keep minutes of their proceedings, and report
annually to the Legislature. They establish rules for the ob-
servance of the officers of the prisons, and may examine
witnesses. One prison is assigned to each Inspector for three
months, and he is required to spend at least one week in each
month at the prison in special charge, and to inform himself
minutely concerning its details. The Inspectors are successively
changed to other prisons. Inspectors can make no appoint-
ments of relations within the 3d degree, and they can have no
interest in contracts. Their salary is $1600. Constitution, Art.
V, Src. 4.
6 The officers of each prison consist of the following:
1. An Agent, or Warden, who is the principal fiscal officer of
42
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
faces turned to the side on which their keeper walks. Their shops have narrow openings in
the walls, through which they may be seen without the possibility of knowing it. They are con-
fined at night in solitary cells ; and guards with woolen socks tread silently around their cells at
all hours of the night. The fare is abundant, but coarse ; and all convicts are required to wear a
costume peculiar to the prison. 1
An Asylum for Insane Convicts is located at Auburn, in the rear of the prison. It is
under the general charge of a medical superintendent. 2
The New Yorb. House of Refuge, situated upon Randalls Island, near New York
City, is an establishment for the reformation of juvenile offenders. It is partly a State and
partly a city institution. 3 The Western House of Refuge, located upon a farm of 42J
acres in Rochester, is another juvenile establishment of a similar kind. It is entirely under State
patronage. These institutions are under rigid discipline ; and the inmates receive instruction in
the elementary branches of education during certain hours of the day, and are required to labor
during certain other hours. The New York institution was established in 1824, and receives both
sexes. The Rochester institution was started in 1849, and receives boys only. 4
The Prison Association of New York was formed Dec. 6, 1844, and incorporated May 9,
1846. It has for its objects the amelioration of the condition of prisoners, whether detained for
trial or finally convicted, or as witnesses ; the improvement of prison discipline and of the govern-
ment of prisons, whether for cities, counties, or States ; and the support and encouragement of
reformed convicts after their discharge, by affording them the means of obtaining an honest liveli-
hood and sustaining them in their efforts at reform. 5 The association is supported entirely by
private contribution. The members pay $10 annually. The payment of $25 constitutes a member
STATISTICS OF STATE PRISONS.
AVER\GE NCMBER OF
CONVICT?
TOTAL YEARLY EARNINGS.
EXPENSES DJCLUDEiO IMPROVEMENTS
SingSing.
TEARS.
Auburn.
&
Female.
Clinton.
1
Auburn.
I
ts
1
1
K
35
i
i
1848
1849
497
512
664
637
80
76
146
157
1,387
1,382
$53,456.71
63,021.54
$51,652.77
63,052.83
$5,549.46
13,210.97
$110,658.94
139,285.34
$66,960.41
56,777.99
$97,221.41
81,850.28
$39,900.98
50,126.47
$204,082.80
188,754.74
1850
661
661
84
119
1,525
68,737.31
71,178.99
18,451.95
158,368.25
71,164.07
95,828.64
37,698.97
204,686.68
1851
752
723
73
114
1,662
73,494.91
88,385.27
17.664.10
179,544.28
88,546.25
79,506.82
37,958.13
206,011.20
1852
759
788
81
125
1,753
64,986.29
99,380.12
29,736.20
194,102.61
86,291.73
85,414.42
39.825.20
211,531.35
1853
753
865
96
186
1,900
81,150.24
99,082.89
37,207.77
217,440.90
80,516.37
120,818.73
49,483.14
250,818.24
1854
747
933
110
199
1.989
81,994.74
95,345.34
41,674.04
219,014.12
72,417.82
136,142.24
61,088.75
269,648.81
1855
730
915
111
249
2.005
74,948.53
90,904.71
32,372.19
198,225.43
67,783.15
116,774.37
48,832.42
233,389.94
1856
686
862
101
304
1,953
72,763.48
86,440.89
38,100.76
197,305.13
69,915.46
100,523.39
65,032.74
225,471.57
1857
678
976
84
278
2,016
69,954.08
94,946.97
26,882.58
191,783.63
74,180.35
109,586.53
47,947.29
231,714.17
The surplus expenses of the State prisons are paid from the general fund. For a fuller account of these institutions, sec
Introduction to Natural History of New York, Vol. I, pp. 181-188.
2 Until 1859, persons charged with crime and proved insane
were sent to the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica. An act for
the erection of the present asylum was passed April 13, 1855, and
the building was completed in 1858.
3 The New York Asylum is conducted by a close corporation,
zonsisting of 30 managers, who serve without pay and report annu-
ally to the Common Council of New York and to the State Legis-
lature. It is supported by the labor of its inmates, an annual
appropriation from the Marine Hospital fund, theater and circus
licenses, school moneys from the Board of Education, and grants
from the City and State of New York. It can accommodate
1,000 inmates. In 1858 there were received 378; of which num-
ber 304 were boys and 74 were girls. The former are engaged
in making shoes, chair-seats, wire cloth, weaving, &c. ; and the
latter in needlework. Each day 7 hours are devoted to labor,
4j to school, lj to meals, 9i to sleep, and lj to recreation.
< Statistics of Houses of Refuge for 1857.
New Tori-.
Rochester.
$85
4Qfi
31
22
49119
$8 345
$13 414
$1 000
Per cent, reformed
75
75
16 mo
24 mo
59
14
' in last 12 months
3
1
Escapes since opening
97
9
" in last 12 months
4
Q
13i
13s
Cost of location and buildings.....
$330,441
$110 000
Annual expenses
$42,005
30,000
The Western House of Refuge is supported by the labor of
its inmates, the product of its form, and an annual State appro-
priation. Its managers are appointed for a term of 3 years by
the Governor and Senate, and are so classified that 5 are ap-
pointed annually. Its rules require half an hour more at labor
and an hour less at school than is required at the New York
Asylum; and 10 hours are allowed for sleep. In 1859, 508 boys
were received at this institution. Of these, 128 were employed
in making chains, 171 in making shoes, 37 in making brushes,
7 upon the farm, 20 in the sewing rooms, and 23 as domestics.
6 The condition of prisoners has from a remote period enlisted
the sympathies of the benevolent and led to associated efforts
for their relief. A society was formed in New York, soon after
the Revolution, for the relief of imprisoned debtors. "The
Philadelphia Society for alleviating the miseries of Public
Prisons" was formed over 80 years since by the Friends ; and
the Prison Discipline Society of Boston is nearly 20 years older
than that of similar objects in New York. The Prison Associa-
tion of New York for some time issued a bulletin called the
"Monthly Record." The female department for some years
maintained a Home for the temporary residence of discharged
female prisoners until other means of support could be fourd.
This association has for several years appointed committees for
visiting county jails; and the foots reported show abundant
reason for continuing efforts for reform in their management.
The aid furnished by this association to discharged convicts
during the last three years reported has been as follows :
Number of discharged persons aided with 1854. 1855. 1856.
money 230 439 282
Number supplied with clothing 131 147 138
Number provided with situations 52 155 112
Total 413 741 633
MILITARY.
43
for life ; of $100, an honorary member of the Executive Committee for life, and $500 a life patron.
A department, consisting of ladies, has in charge the interests of prisoners of their sex. The
managers of the association receive no pay for their services. They usually report to the Legisla-
ture annually; but no reports were made in 1856 and 1858. Office. 15 Center Street, New York.
MILITARY.
THE Governor is Commander-in-
Chief of the land and naval forces
of the State. In time of peace the
supervision of the militia and mili-
tary establishments is intrusted to
the Adjutant General, who has
an office of record at the capital,
issues, under his seal, all military
commissions, keeps a register of
the names and residences of the
officers of militia throughout the State, issues all orders on
behalf of the Commander-in-Chief, prescribes the manner of
reporting from the several subordinate divisions, and reports the
statistics thus obtained through the. Governor to the Legis-
lature annually. 1 He has the rank of brigadier general; and
his assistant has the rank of colonel. The militia of the State
is composed of 8 divisions, 26 brigades, and 62 regiments,
embracing 220 companies of infantry, 126 of artillery, 41 of
cavalry, 37 of rifles, and a total of 18,107 officers and privates. 2
All able-bodied white male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45, not exempt by law, are
J W
5 *
8
| 2
w
26
_o S
00 .
' Adjutant General
1
*3S
1
SS2
8
S *g
Brigade Inspectors (Majors)
23
^
57
1
a
1
lalJ
5 5
E K w
a Ifl
1
5 s
. S
1
S S
7
cu o S i
Brigade Engineers (Majors).
25
fe
1
50
1
w
> 50
Judge Advocate General
1
hJ
<!
05 < .
Division Judge Advocates (Colonels)
g
e=
w
Z W
Q W Q
Brigade Judge Advocates (Majors)
25
w
c
""3
**;
i
S^^
Hospital Surgeons (Colonels)
7
S w ft
99
B S
Surgeon's Mates (Lieutenants)
R9
^o
2"f,-
1
i^
Division Quartermasters (Lieut. Cols.)
Brigade Quartermasters (Captains)
5
25
Regimental Quartermasters (Lieutenants)..
Paymaster General
38
1
S < B
Division Paymasters (Majors)
5
S M 2 '
Brigade Paymasters (Captains)
21
5 Q
Regimental Paymasters (Lieutenants)
Aids-de-Camp....
54
41
"Colonels
g H -I Lieutenant Colonels.,
5" 90
n
s E
STAFF
COKPS.
[Majors....
Captains .
First Lieutenants.
Second Lieutenants
Non-Commissioned Staff
Company Non-Commissioned Officers, Mu-
sicians, and Privates
/ Sappers and Miners (attached to Engineer
\ Department)
Total .
60
60
58
402
379
460
143
15,874
103
18,107
The office of the Adjutant General was- made an office of
record in 1827, previous to which commissions were issued by
the Secretary of State, under the privy seal of the Governor.
2 In Jan., 1859, the division districts were as follows :
1. New York and Richmond cos.
2. Kings, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk, and
Westchester cos.
3. Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Saratoga,
Sullivan, Ulster, and Washington cos.
4. Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and
Warren cos.
5. Brooroe, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Fulton, Hamilton,
Herkimer, Madison, Montgomery, Otsego, Schenectady,
and Schoharie cos.
6. Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego, Schnyler, Seneca, Tioga,
and Tompkins cos.
7. Chemung, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Steuben, Wayne, and
Yates cos.
8. Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauque, Erie, Genesee, Niagara,
Orleans, and Wyoming cos.
The estimated number of enrolled militia, at the beginning
of 1859, was 350,000. Those included in regiments were ab
follows :
Infantry 7.490 privates, and 8.094 including officers.
Artillery ....5.365 " " 5,760 "
Cavalry .....1.590 " " 1,733 "
Rifles 1,429 " 1,528 " "
44 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
liable to military duty. An enrolment is made annually by the assessors. 1 Militia officers are
chosen by election ; 2 excepting major generals and the Commissary General, who are appointed
by the Governor and Senate. Staff officers are appointed by the commanding officer of the forces
to which they are attached. 3 The Adjutant General, Judge Advocate General, Quartermaster
General, Paymaster General, Surgeon General, Engineer-in-Chief, and one Instructor of Artillery
and one of Cavalry to each division, are appointed by the Governor.*
Arsenals. An arsenal is provided for each division of the Militia, and an armory for each
regiment. The general custody and supervision of the military property of the State is intrusted
to the Commissary General, who has his office in New York, and reports annually through the
Governor to the Legislature. 5
i The laws of the U. S. exempt from military service the Vice
President, the Judicial and Executive officers of the Govern-
ment of the U. S., members and officers of both Houses of Con-
gress, customhouse officers and clerks, post officers and stage
drivers in charge of mails, ferrymen on post roads, inspectors
of exports, pilots and mariners in actual sea service. The State
exempts, besides the above, persons in the army and navy and
those honorably discharged therefrom, preachers of every sect,
commissioned officers and privates of uniformed companies who
have resigned after seven years' service, and certain firemen.
All others may commute by paying 50 cts. annually, except in
Kings and New York cos. and the cities of Albany and Buffalo,
where the commutation is fixed at 75 cts.
These moneys are paid to the collectors of taxes and applied
to the military fund, from which the officers and men of regi-
ments are paid, from $1.25 to $4, according to rank, for every
day's military service. Persons going to, remaining at, or re-
turning from military duty are exempt from arrest, upon civil
process. Previous to the act of 1846, the State contained 33
divisions, 66 brigades, 272 regiments, and 1836 companies, and
numbered 141.436 officers and men. The number of enrolled
militia had been as follows, at different periods :
?
>
|
8
t;
*..fs
S
Total.
e
^
I
|
"^
1
1805
74429
1,700
1,852
77,982
1810
86 673
2619
3385
92677
1815
90 383
6,364
2.158
98,905
1820
112,760
6,538
3,132
123
122,553
Horse
Artiiry.
1825
131,561
4.432
2.505
646
146,806
1830
li;i;..-,u
12,803
5,814
1,763
188,610
1835
]t;\7 s 'l
11,698
7.317
1,174
192,083
1840
163,300
9,082
7,336
183,100
1845
141,436
9,369
3,849
4,276
162,427
2 Under the Constitution of 1777, nearly every military as well
as civil officer in the State received his appointment from the
Council of Appointment, and mostly held during their pleasure.
The Constitution of 1822 introduced the following system, now
in use : " Militia officers shall be chosen or appointed, as fol-
lows : Captains, subalterns, and non-commissioned officers shall
be chosen by the written votes of the members of their re-
spective companies ; field officers of regiments and separate
battalions, by the written votes of the commissioned officers of
the respective regiments and separate battalions ; brigadier
generals and brigade inspectors, by the field officers of their re-
spective brigades ; major generals, brigadier generals, and com-
manding officers of regiments or separate battalions shall ap-
point the staff officers to their respective divisions, brigades,
regiments, or separate battalions." Constitution, 1822, Art. IV,
Sec. 1 ; Constitution, Art. XI, Sec. 2.
The above rule does not apply to regiments and brigades not
folly organized. If the former contain less than 6 companies,
the field officers are appointed by the Governor ; and if the
brigades are not within the requirements of the law. the briga-
dier generals are also appointed by the Governor. Const. 1846.
8 The staff of the Commander-in-chief consists of the Adju-
tant General. Inspector General, Commissary General. Engineer-
in-Chief, Judge Advocate General. Surgeon General, Quarter-
master General. Paymaster General, Aids-de-Camp,and Military
Secretary, who severally rank in the order here given. The
precedence and gradation of officers and non-commissioned offi-
cers in the militia is as follows:
1. The Commander-in-Chief.
2. Major General.
3. Brigadier General.
4. Colonel.
5. Lieutenant Colonel.
6. Major.
V. Cnptain.
8. First Lieutenant.
9. Second Lieutenant.
10. Sergeant-Major.
11. Quartermaster Sergeant.
12. First Sergeant.
13. Sergeant.
14. Corporal.
In each grade precedence is given by priority in date of elec-
tion, or appointment.
* The instructors, with the rank of colonel, are attached to
the headquarters of the division, and hold by the same tenure
as commissioned officers of the line. Instructors and division
engineers must pass an examination as to special qualification
before a board of not less than five officers, convened by the
Commander-in-Chief. Appointments to this office have hitherto
been made entirely from among the graduates of West Point.
6 The Constitution of 1777 ordained that a proper magazine
of warlike stores, proportionate to the number of inhabitants,
should be established in every county of the State; but this pro-
vision was never fully carried out. An arsenal was built at
New York at an early period, and another at Albany soon after,
the latter on the site purchased for a State prison. Under an
act of Feb. 12, 1808, entitled "An Act for the defense of the
northern and western frontiers," and by subsequent acts, arse-
nals were erected at Canandaigua, Batavia, Onondaga Hollow,
Rome, Watertown, Russell, Malone, Plattsburgh, and Elizabeth-
town.
The arsenal at Plattsburgh was burned in 1813 or '14. and the
one at Rome, which occupied the present site of St. Peter's
Church, was burned with its contents a few years since. Neither
has been rebuilt. In 1844 the State leased of the city of Buffalo
a market building on Batavia St. for an arsenal. Magazines
were also located at New York, at Albany, and on Staten Island.
In 1850 these arsenals were mostly ordered to be sold, together
with such arms and other property as had become unserviceable
for military purposes. An arsenal occupying the site of an old
PUWI]<T magazine of the Dutch, between Center, Elm, Franklin,
and White Streets, New York, was authorized to be sold in 1844,
and a new one was directed to be built. The site was purchased
by the city for $30,000, and a new city armory was built, on the
corner of White and Elm Streets. In 1808 the city of New
York conveyed to the State a tract of ground upon Fifth Ave-
nue, between Sixty-Third and Sixty-Fifth Sts., upon which a
magazine was erected. In 1844 the Legislature authorized a
new arsenal to be erected on these premises with such moiirvs
as might be paid by the U. S. for the military works upon St;tt>-u
Island. The sale was completed in April, 1S47. fur .>;7,-M.s7,
of which $33,284.87 was applicable to the arsenal. The work
was commenced, but in March, 1848, was suspended by the
Commissioners of the Land Office, to whose charge and that of
the Commissary General the work had been intrusted. It was
alleged that the latter officer had expended moneys most un-
warrantably; and subsequent observation has proved that the
structure was unfit for this or, in fact, for any other purpose.
Assembly Doc. 1856, No. 141. Senate Doc. 1848, No. 54.
In laying out the Central Park, the premises confuting of 152
building lots, valued in 1856 at $266,000, were includc-d in the
proposed improvement, and an act was passed, April 15, 1857.
under which this property, which the State purchased in 1808
for $700, was conveyed back to the city for $275,000. Of this
sum $100,000 was made applicable to the erection of an ar-
senal at Now York; $45,000 for an arsenal at Buffalo; $40.000
for an arsenal in Brooklyn; $25.000 for the improvement i if the
arsenal at Albany and the erection of an armory ; $17.000 for the
purchase of the U. S. arsenal at Rome; $14,000 for an arsenal at
Corning, and for armories; $5,000 at Rochester, S5.UOO at Troy,
$4,000 at Auburn. $4,000 at Syracuse, $4.000 at Utica, $3.000 at
Ballston Spa, $3,000 at Dunkirk. $3,000 at Ogdensburgh. $3.00(1 at
Oswego, and $3,000 for the purchase of a stone fort in Schoharie
for an armory. The arsenal in Albany, by act of April 17, 1858,
was exchanged with the city for a site on Hudson and Eagle
Streets, and $5.000 toward an arsenal and armory buildings,
which were erected in 1858-59. During the summer of 1S58,
buildings at Albany, Auburn, Ballston Spa. Brooklyn, Corning,
Dunkirk, New York. Ogdensburgh. and Syracuse were put under
coutractand finished, or far advanced, the same rear. The stone
fort or church at Schoharie was purchased, but no steps were
taken for the erections authorized at Troy, Rochester, <swego,
and Utica. The new arsenal built at New York in 1858 was
located on Seventh Avenue, corner of Thirty-Fifth St., and was
nearly completed, when the roof fell, on the morning of Nov.
13, 1858, greatly injuring the building.
Most of the structures erected under this act are of substantial
workmanship and elegant architectural style. They were built
under the direction of commissioners appointed by law. When
completed, they will be placed in charge of the Commissary
General, who also attends to the safe keeping of arms anil
MILITARY.
45
The fortifications "within the State are owned and supported by the United States
although several of them were built by the State of New York under an arrangement for the settle
ment of the Revolutionary debt. 1
military equipments belonging to the State,
in New York.
He keeps his office
Summary of the ordnance arms in the hands nf the troops and
in the arsenals of the Slate on the 1st day of Jar,
Six pounders 101
Nine pounders
Twelve pound howitzers 5
Twenty-four pound how-
itzers 7
Mountain howitzers 13
Flint muskets and bayo-
nets 671
Percussion muskets and
bayonets - 11,975
Flint rifles . 563
Percussion rifles...'. 1,365
Flint pistols 114
Percussion pistols 2,254
January, 1859.
Musquetoons 222
Carbines 340
Cavalry sabres 1,337
Artillery sabres 1,188
Artillery swords 1,344
Cartridge boxes and
plates 10,744
Cartridge box belts and
plates 10,813
Bayonet scabbard belts
and plates 9,890
Waist belts and plates... 9,258
Cap pouches 7,155
Pistol bolsters 1,553
i In Feb. 1801, there was due from the State of New York to
the United States, on account of Revolutionary expenses, the
sum of $2,074,846. An Act of Congress, passed February 15,
1799, allowed any State to discharge its debt by payment into
the treasury before April, 1800, or by expending a like amount
within five years in the erection of fortifications. New York was
the only State that chose to extinguish its debt by erecting
defenses upon its own soil ; and a committee of Congress reported
in February, 1801, that no other States had shown any disposi-
tion to pay the balances reported against them. The amount
credited to New York was $891,129.31, and the remainder of
the indebtedness was subsequently released. American State
Papers, Finance, I, 697.
The amount of moneys reduced to specie value received by, or
paid to, the State of New York from the beginning of the Revo-
lution to April, 1790, was as follows, in dollars :
Received from State $1,545,889
Paid to State 822,803
A descriptive and historical notice is given of the several forti-
fications in the localities where they occur. The latest official
summary that has been published, dated in 1851, is given
below :
United States Fortifications,
FORTS.
LOCATION.
When commenced.
When finished.
Garrison in war.
fc
1
1
"3
1,
Estimated cost of
construction or re-
pair.
Amount expended
for construction
or repair.
Amount required
to complete or con-
struct.
Estimated cost of
armament, includ-
ing 100 pounds of
ammunition.
Fort Schuyler
Throggs Neck
1833
1,250
318
$873,013
$848,013
$25,000
$225,040
1831
-, '
I'M
103,749
1831
y soo
78
269,467
259,467
10,000
1 79,332
1831
1845
f
14
12,184
Fort Gibson . .
Ellis Island
1841
1844
80
15
5,096
5,096
18,672
1841
350
77
245,689
213,000
32,689
75,540
1847
140
505,808
205,606
300,202
124,302
64
59,209
1841
1846
1,000
50
20,081
20,081
57,060
1841
1846
9
3,508
3,508
10,665
Fort Lafayette -.
Reef, near Long Island.
1812
370
7fi
348,573
341,941
6,632
75,778
1824
800
118
634,752
614,752
20,000
86,757
1841
500
164
411,497
187,355
224,142
132,384
Oswego
1839
300
30
M.nl.'j
78,013
5,000
18,610
1840
300
21
84,027
59,027
25.000
12,961
Fort Porter
Black Rock
1842
300
64
150,000
116,500
33,500
51,208
The forts on Staten Island are being rebuilt on an extensive
scale. Fort Schuyler, on Throggs Neck, has since been finished,
a site purchased for a fort at Wilkins Point, directly opposite,
and an immense fortress has been commenced on Sandy Hunk.
for the more effectual defense of New York Harbor. These
works will effectually defend the approaches to Xew York by
water, but would not prevent an attack by laud should an
enemy eifect a landing upon Long Island. To guard against
this, it has been proposed to erect a line of redoubts across the
island from Wilkins Point to Fort Hamilton at such intervals
as would secure this object.
The General Government has appropriated large sums of
money during many years to the construction of a floating battery
lor the defense of New York Harbor. It is building at Hoboken,
and is said to be nearly completed. It is of iron, of great strength
and thickness, with its outer deck oval, and every part proof
against cannon ball. It is to be mounted with heavy guns and
propelled by steam. No official account of its construction has
been published ; and, for obvious reasons, the details of its plan
are kept secret. It is reported that it has a capacity to accom-
modate 3000 men, with the necessary supplies of fuel and
military stores ; and it is thought that of itself it might oppose
an effectual barrier against the approach of a hostile fleet in any
passage which it might be brought to defend. This mighty
engine of war was planned by the late John 0. Stevens.
The other military establishments of the National Government
in New York are,
The Military Academy at West Point.
The Navy Yard. Dry Dock, Naval Hospital, and Labo-
ratory at Brooklyn.
The Arsenal at Watervliet for the manufacture of gun car-
riages and other heavy furniture of artillery for the field
and fort.
The Arsenal of Deposit, at Rome.
Plattsburgh Barracks.
Madison Barracks, at Sackets Harbor.
Buffalo Barracks.
A few years after the last war with Great Britain, a military
road was surveyed and partly opened by the United States from
l'l:itt-burgli to Sackets Harbor; but this work from the first has
been kept in repair by the towns as a common highway.
Fort Montgomery is the only work now under construction
on the northern frontier. The Canadians have the following
fortifications adjacent to New York :
Fort Wellington, at Prescott. erected in 1812-15.
Fort Henry, at Kingston, with several Martello towers and
batteries, for the protection of the harbor and town and defense
of the north channel of the St. Lawrence. They were partly
built in the War of 1812-15, and partly in 1837-40. Fort Carl-
ton, now within the United States, commanded the south chan-
nel, and portions of the work, executed a century ago, (and since
the Revolution entirely negected,) might still be made available
upon short notice.
Fort Massasauga, at Niagara, directly opposite the American
fort, is of modern origin.
NOTE. By the Militia Regulations of this State, the device at the head of this article is borne upon buttons and other insignia
worn by military officers.
LANDS.
THE absolute property of all the lands in the State is vested in the respective owners, liable only
to oscheat and to the reservation of gold and silver mines in such as derive title from Colonial
patents. 1
The law prohibits the leasing of agricultural lands for a longer period than twelve years. 2 The care
and sale of lands belonging to the State are entrusted to the Commissioners of the Land Office.
These commissioners have also the sole right of dealing with the Indians for the sale and surrender
of reservations, excepting within the territory whereof the pre-emptive right of purchase was ceded
to Massachusetts and is now held by the Ogden Company.
The Commissioners of the Land Office were created by an act of May 11, 1784,
to carry into execution the promises of bounty lands for Revolutionary services which had been
made by the Legislature in 1780. As now formed, this Board consists of the Lieutenant Governor of
the State, Speaker of Assembly, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney General, and
State Engineer and Surveyor. The Deputy Secretary of State is ex qfficio Clerk of the Board, and
the meetings are held in the Secretary's office, upon the call of the Secretary of State.
When State lands are to be sold, they are first surveyed, appraised, and advertised for sale at
auction, and their minimum bid affixed. The lots that remain without a bid are liable to be taken
by the first applicant upon payment of one-fourth of the price and giving bonds for the residue.
If they remain unsold any considerable time, they are re-appraised and offered at a lower rate. 3
The lands under water in the bays around Long Island are in most cases the property of the
townships, by virtue of original patents ; and the privilege of fishing and taking oysters and clams
is by some towns held as exclusively belonging to their inhabitants. 4
iThe Dutch Government sometimes granted lands in the
Colony without the formalities of Indian purchase ; but it was
the rule of the English to first extinguish the aboriginal title.
It was customary to apply to the Governor and Council for
leave to purchase. If granted, a treaty was held and an Indian
deed obtained, a warrant was issued to the Surveyor General
lor a survey, and the map and field notes were reported. The
Attorney General was then directed to prepare a draft of a
patent, which Was submitted to the Governor and Council, and,
if approved, was engrossed upon parchment, recorded, sealed,
and issued. The fees incident to procuring a patent were im-
portant sources of revenue to the officers concerned. Only 1,000
acres could be granted to one person ; but this rule was evaded
by associating great numbers of merely nominal parties ; and
the officers through whose hands the papers passed were often
largely interested in the grants. The Colonial Government in
this respect became exceedingly corrupt, and stood greatly in
need of a reform like that wrought by the Revolution. In a
few isolated cases grants of land were made directly by the
crown, and no records appear in our offices. Of this class was
the Royal Grant to Sir Wm. Johnson, N. of the Mohawk.
Patents for land were generally very formal, and abounded in
repetitions. The grants were "in fee and common socage," as
in the manor of East Greenwich, in the co. of Kent, and in-
cluded with the land all " houses, messuages, tenements, erec-
tions, and buildings, mills, milldams, fences, inclosures. gardens,
orchards, fields, pastures, common of pastures, meadows.marshes,
swamps, plains, woods, underwoods, timber, trees, rivers, rivu-
lets, runs, streams, water, lakes, ponds, pools, pits, brachen,
quarries, mines, minerals, (gold and silver [wholly or in part]
excepted.) creeks, harbors, highways, easements, fishing, hunt-
ing, and fowling, and all other franchises, profits, commodities,
and appurtenances whatsoever." This enumeration of rights,
more or less varied, was embraced in all land patents. Colonial
grants were usually conditioned to the annual payment of a
qmtrc.nt, at a stated time and place named in the patent. This
payment was sometimes due in money, and often in wheat or
other commodity. Others were conditioned to the payment of
the skins of animals or a merely nominal article, as simply an
acknowledgment of the superior rights of the grantors. The
quitrents formed an important source of revenue, and, after
the Revolution, became due to the State. In 1786 it was pro-
vided that lands subject to these rents might be released upon
payment of arrears, and 14 shillings to every shilling of the
annual dues. Large amounts of land upon which arrears of
quitrents had accumulated were Bold from time to time; and
laws continued to be passed at frequent intervals for the regu-
lation of these rents until 1S24, when an act was passed for the
final sale of all lands which had not been released by commuta-
tion or remitted by law. Such lands as then remained unre-
deemed were allowed to be released by payment of $2.50 to each
shilling sterling due. The last sale took place in March, 1826.
The arrears for quitrents, then ainounting-to $53,380, were in
1819 taken from the general fund and given in equal portions
to the Literature and School Funds.
46
2 This feature was adopted to prevent the recurrence of anti-
rent difficulties. The Legislature, in 1846, enacted a law pro-
viding that all lands previously rented for a life or lives, or for
more than 21 years, should be taxed as the personal property
of the persons' receiving the rents, to an extent equal to a sum
that at legal interest would produce the annual rent. Such
taxes were made payable in the cos. where tne lands lay; and
this unpleasant encumbrance has largely contributed to reduce
the amount of lands thus held.
3 Unappropriated lands in the counties of Clinton, Essex,
Franklin, Hamilton, Montgomery, Saratoga, St. Lawrence,
Washington, and Warren may be sold by the commissioners in
quantities of not less than 160 acres, if already surveyed, at such
price as they may be found worth. If over 1.000 acres, they
may be surveyed and sold for their value, and may not be
assessed at a higher rate for five years. Lands sold under fore-
closure of loan mortgages are bid in by the Loan Commissioners
if liable to go for less than the sum due. They are then sold
by auction, or otherwise, for the best interests of the State,
under the regulations above stated. Land under water may be
conveyed by the Commissioners of the Land Office, under regu-
lations fixed by law. Notice of application for such grants
must be advertised for six weeks in the co. newspaper where the
lands lie, and posted on the courthouse door. These notices
must describe the adjoining lands and give the names of their
owners. Applicants must make affidavit that they intend to
appropriate the lands applied for to commercial purposes. The
co. judge, or supervisor and town clerk, or two assessors of the
town where the lands lie, must make affidavit that the land is
not more than is necessary for the purposes of commerce, and
that the persons applying are believed to be bona Jide applicants
for the purposes stated. Applicants must also produce an accu-
rate map of the proposed grant and the adjacent lands owned
by them, certified by the oath of a surveyor; and also a correct
description in writing, with courses and distances, and the
soundings for every 50 feet on the exterior line. The map must
show the general course of the shore for a mile each way, and
the particular course at the point applied for, and include all
docks, bulkheads, or other improvements, the names of owners
of lands adjoining, and the width of the channel or river if less
than two miles. The deduction of title and proof that the lands
belong to the State must also be produced, with claim of owner-
ship by the applicant, or by himself and those under whom he
claims. The patent is conditioned to occupation in the mode
agreed upon within years, and the fees are $5.00. Grants
under the waters of navigable rivers and lakes can only be made
to the owners of the land along the shores; and the com-
missioners are restricted in their powers so far as relates to
New York City and the Hudson River R. R.
4 Around Staten Island the owners of the shores possess the
right of using or leasing the adjacent lands under water for
planting oysters. The custom of granting lands under water
without the restrictions here enumerated has led to serious
encroachments upon the harbor of New York, the details o f
j which are stated on pages 418, 419.
LANDS.
47
The public lands are greatly reduced in quantity, and belong to the several permanent funds to
which they have from time to time been granted. 1
Gospel and School Lands. Under an act of 1782, a lot of 400 acres was to be reserved
in each township of the Military Tract for the support of the gospel, and two lots of 200 acres for
schools. 2
In each of the Twenty Towns of the Chenango Tract a lot of 250 acres (usually Lot 45) was
reserved for the gospel, and another (Lot 46) of like extent for schools ; but these lots were sold
with the lands, and the Canastota Tract, in Sullivan and Lenox, adjoining Oneida Lake, was
in 1805-08 given in lieu, and apportioned among the Twenty Towns.*
In each of the Ten Towns on the St. Lawrence a mile square (usually Lot 55) was granted for
gospel and schools, and in some towns was applied in early years to both these objects. 4
Besides these grants for schools by the State, land proprietors have in some instances conveyed
certain lots for this purpose, to encourage settlement. In nearly every instance these lands have
been applied for the benefit of the original townships within which they were granted, and in
their subdivision the local school fund has been equitably divided. Other lands were subse-
quently granted, as elsewhere noticed ; and in 1822 the Constitution gave all the public lands
not specially appropriated to the school fund. 5
1 The quantity now owned forms about 4J per cent, of that
held in 1823, and compares between the two periods as
follows :
Jan. 1, 1823. Jan. 1859.
Lands belonging to the School Fund 991.659A. 9,463A.
" " Literature Fund 17,946" 640"
" Canal " 129,769" "
" " General " " 39,269"
" " Salt " . " 209"
Total 1,139,374" 49,581"
2 These lots were designated by the supervisors of Onondaga
and Seneca cos., under acts passed in 1796 and 1808, as follows :
Gospel and School Lands of the Military Tract.
ORIGINAL TOWN-
SHIP AND ITS
NUMBERS.
Gospel and
School Lot.
Literature
Lot.
Present Towns sharing in Profits
of School Lot.
1. Lysander....
2. Hannibal....
3 Cato
9
5
25
87
72
14
74
60
22
67
50
1
52
76
3
30
24
15
34
22
1
5
29
36
53
78
45
73
100
14
89
58
15
16
18
36
19
30
55
82
25
69
36
23
56
94
85
41
6
24
63
20
49
79
33
88
Lysander and part of Granby.
Hannibal, Cicero, parts of Os-
wego City, and Granby.
Victory. Ira, and parts of Con-
quest and Cato.
Brutus, and parts of Sennet,
Mentz, Conquest, and Cato.
Camillus, Elbridge, and Van
Buren.
Clay and Cicero.
De Witt and Manlins.
Owasco, Fleming, Auburn, and
parts of Aurelius, Sennet, and
Mentz.
Marcellus, Skaneateles, and parts
of Spafford and Otisco.
Pompey, Lafayette, and part of
Otisco.
Romulus, Varick, Fayette, and
parts of Seneca Falls.
Scipio, Venice, and part of
Niles.
Sempronius, Moravia, and part
of Niles.
Tully, Preble, Scott, and parts of
Spafford and Otisco.
Fabius and part of Truxton.
Ovid, Lodi, and Covert.
Genoa and part of Lansing.
Groton, Summer Hill, and Locke.
Homer and Cortlandville.
Solon and part of Truxton.
Hector.
Ulysses, Enfield, Ithaca, and part
of Lansing.
Dryden.
Virgil.
Cincinnatus, Freetown, Mara-
thon, and Willet.
Junius, Tyre. Waterloo, and part
of Seneca Falls.
Galen and Savannah.
Sterling, Butler, Wolcott, Huron,
and Rose.
4. Brutus
5. Camillas....
7. Manlius
8. Aurelius
9. Marcellus...
10. Pompey
11. Romulus....
12. Scipio
13. Sempronius
14. Tully
15. Fabius
16. Ovid
17. Milton
18. Locke
19. Homer
20 Solon
21. Hector
22. Ulysses
23. Dryden
24. Virgil
25. Cincinnatus
26. Junius
27. Galen
28. Sterling
< Exchanged for No. 17 by Chap. 177, Laws of 1812.
8 In each of the following townships a lot of 640 acres was
reserved for schools, viz.: Fayette, now Guilford, and part of
Oxford ; Clinton, now Bainbridge, Afton, and part of Coventry ;
Greene, now parts of Greene, Smithville, and Coventry; Warren,
now parts of Colesville, Sandford, and Windsor; Chenango, now
parts of Port Crane, Conklin, Colesville, and Windsor; Sidney,
now parts of Binghampton and Vestal ; Randolph, now parts
of Sandford, Windsor, and Conklin; and Hambden, now parts
of Vestal, Owego, and Nichols.
* In Plattsburgh 640 acres was reserved for the gospel, and
460 for schools ; and in Totten and Crossfield's Purchase 16 lots
of 640 acres each. The latter have been selected under the
Sackets Harbor and Saratoga R. R. Grant. In Benson Town-
ship (Hope and Lake Pleasant) 4 lots of 160 acres each were
given for schools and literature.
6 The lands of the school fund were, Jan. 1859, as follows :
4,270 acres in Hamilton, 2,861 in Essex, 1,680 in Clinton, 350 in
Wayne, 105 in Schoharie, 75 in St. Lawrence, 30 in Washing-
ton, 28 in Oneida, 25 in Fulton, 16 in Montgomery, 12 in Her-
kimer, 6 in Dutchess, and 5 in Onondaga cos.
Literature Lands have been reserved as follows : 1 mi. square
in each of the townships of Fayette, Greene, Clinton, Chenango,
Warren, Sidney, and Hampden. Townships 1, 4, 5, 8, 13, 14,
17, 19, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, in Totten and Crossfield'n
Purchase. Lot No. 56 in each of the Ten Towns of St. Law-
rence co. A lot of 550 acres (less 50 for survey) in each of tho
28 towns of the Military Tract. These lots were appropriated
as follows :
Military Tract. Townships 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, anil
20, to Union College.
Township 13, to Oxford Academy, Chap. 112, Laws of 1800.
5,
3,
1,
19,
28,
Pompey
Cayuga
Onondaga
Cortland
Auburn
22, " Ithaca
119,
71,
200,
10,
266,
308,
1813.
1814.
1814.
1822.
1825.
1825.
The remainder were sold for the benefit of the Literature Funcf .
Clinton Township, granted to the town of Jericho, Chap. 3,
Laws of 1822. All other townships in Broome and Che-
nango cos. were sold for the benefit of the Literature Fund
Ten Towns in St. Lawrence Co. In Potsdam, granted to St.
Lawrence Academy, Chap. 148, 1816. In Canton, granted
to Lowville Academy, Chap. 134, Laws of 1818. The re-
mainder was sold, and $1,000 given to Middlebury Aca-
demy in 1823 ; $1,000 to Redhook Academy in 1824 ; $2,500
to St. Lawrence Academy in 1825; and the remainder
passed to the Literature Fund.
Totten and Crossfield's Purchase. 10,240 acres absorbed by
S. H. & S. R. R. In Benson Township, 4 lots of 160 acres
each remain unsold. Of the unsold lands of the State in
Jan. 1859, there were 39,269 acres ; of which 19,020 are in
Clinton, 5,133 in Hamilton, 5,111 in Essex, 4,728 in Frank-
Hu, 1,643 in Warren, 1,147 in Delaware, and the same in
Erie, 780 in Herkimer, 212 in Cortlaud, 175 in Seneca, 116
in Sullivan, and 57 in Washington cos.
The Salt Springs Lands are, by Article 7, Sec. 7 of the Consti-
tution of 1846, declared as belonging inalienably to the
State, and comprise the grounds upon which salt is manu-
factured, whether by solar evaporation or artificial heat.
The Commissioners of the Land Office may sell, under au-
thority of law, certain portions for the purpose of pur-
chasing other lands, so that the amount shall not be dimi-
nished. Since 1846, 114.85 acres have been sold, for
$153,039.50, and 543.12 acres purchased, for $154,161.79.
48
NEW YORK GAZETTEER.
With certain exceptions 1 all property, both real and personal, is liable to taxation whether
owned by individuals or corporations. Real estate is taxed in the town where it lies, unless
adjacent to lands of the same owner or occupant in another town where he resides.
Personal property is taxed where the owner resides, and corporations in the towns where their
property lies. Stocks of corporations are taxed to the company and not to the holders. Property
may be sold for the payment of taxes, and lands upon which the taxes remain unpaid are returned
by the co. treasurers to the comptroller, and so much of each parcel is sold at stated periods, as is
necessary to pay the taxes, interest, and charges that accrue thereon. 3
The pre-emptive title to the lands of the State w. of a meridian passing through the 82d mile-
stone on the Penn. line, was conveyed to Massachusetts, (except a mile strip along the Niagara,) at
a convention held at Hartford, Dec. 16, 1786. These lands amounted to about 6,000,000 acres.
Ten towns of 234,400 acres, in Broome and Tioga cos., called " The Massachusetts Ten Towns," were
also conveyed at the same time.
Large tracts of land remained in possession of the government when it became a State. These
and other portions derived from forfeitures, escheats, tax sales, Indian purchases, and foreclosure
of loan mortgages, have been sold in small parcels, as parts of large tracts, having a general name
and system of survey. Sometimes as many patents have been issued for these tracts as they had
lots, and in others many lots have been conveyed to the same person.
The largest grant ever made by the State to citizens was that of Macomb's Purchase, in Frank-
lin, St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Herkimer, and Oswego cos. It embraced 3,693,755 acres, and
was patented to Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb in 1791-8. The State, in accordance
with Indian treaties, has conveyed sundry tracts, the principal of which are Penet Square, (10 mi.
sq.,) in Jefferson co.. and Peraches, Kirkland, and other minor tracts, in Oneida co. Others; for
like cause, have been assigned for missions and other specific objects. The Legislature has also by
acts directed the land commissioners to convey extensive tracts for the promotion of roads, rail-
roads, and canals ; colleges, academies, schools, and other institutions, and to reward military or
other services to the State. Of the latter class was a grant of 16,000 acres in Oneida co. to Baron
Steuben, in 1794.
Of patents to citizens not included in either of the preceding lists, the principal are Scriba's
500,000 acres in Oswego and Oneida cos. Adgate's, Coxe's, Machin's, Oothoudt's, Remsen's, Dean's,
and other tracts in Oneida ; Vrooman's, Noble's, &c. in Herkimer ; and Watkin's & Flint's in Che-
mnng and adjoining counties. Numerous grants of land to communities, with privileges of gov-
ernment, were made upon Long Island, and in the counties bordering upon the Hudson, which will
be specially noticed in the localities to which they refer.
Several of the cities have special laws for the sale of real estate for taxes, and such sales
are made under the direction of the fiscal officer of the corporation. All other tax sales occur at
Albany once in three years, and are duly advertised by the comptroller and in each co. by such
newspapers as are designated by the supervisors.
1 The real estate not subject to taxation comprises property
belonging to the State and United States; buildings and
grounds for public Uses owned by counties, cities, villages,
and towns ; colleges, academies, and incorporated seminaries ;
churches, school houses, and the property of corporations for
reform of offenders; public libraries; bank stock owned by
State and by literary and charitable societies; Indian reserva-
tions, and the property of Indians living thereon; the property
of clergymen to the extent of $1,500 each, and property not
liable to sale under execution for debt. The last named in-
cludes (if owned by householders) a spinning wheel, a loom,
stoves put up or in use. the family Bible, family pictures, and
school books in use, books not exceeding $50 in value, a seat or
pew in church, ten sheep with their fleeces, and the yarn or
cloth made therefrom, one cow, two swine, and their necessary
food, all necessary pork, beef, fish, flour, and vegetables pro-
vided foi family use, and fuel for 60 days, all necessary wearing
apparel, beds, bedsteads, and bedding "for the family, arms and
accoutorments required by law to be kept for service in the
militia, necessary cooking utensils, one table, six chairs, table
furniture for six persons, one crane and its appendages, one
pair of andirons, a shovel and tongs, tools of mechanics to the
valno of Si5. a team worth ?!50, and land set apart for a private
burying ground not more than acre. A building and lot
worth SI. 000 occupied as a dwelling by the owner and his family
uay be exempt by causine a description of the premises to be
recorded in the co. clerk's office, but such record does not ex-
empt from sale for taxes, and property generally is liable for
debts contracted in its purchase. Where a homestead is ex-
empted the privilege continues for the benefit of the widow
and family after the death of the head. Such of the above
articles as are movable continue exempt while the family to
whom they belong are removing from one place of residence to
another.
2 Each parcel is held up at auction, and those persons com-
peting at the sale name the least amount of land in a
square, usually in the y. w. corner, that they will accept,
and pay the taxes and charges due. The sale is declared in
favor of the person naming the least quantity, and the pur-
chaser receives a certificate naming the time when a deed will
be due. If not paid, the controller may in 3 months cancel the
certificate and give to another upon payment of the same
amount, and any person may redeem within 2 years by paying
the taxes, charges, and 10 per cent, in addition. Specific or
undivided parts of tracts of land may be sold. If not redeemed
in 2 years the comptroller issues a full deed to the purchaser.
The portion sold to pay taxes is designated by the comptroller
and varies with circumstances. If a village lot, it is located so
as to front upon a street, and in long narrow tracts it is taken
off from one end. A tax sale takes place in 1S59, and triennally
thereafter.
LANDS.
49
TABLES OF MANORS, COLONIAL PATENTS, PURCHASES, AND LAND GRANTS.
Manors of the Colonial Period in New York and its Dependencies.
NAMES.
PATENTEES.
DATES.
LOCATION AND REMARKS.
Capt. Ch'r Billop
May 6, 1687
Mar. 20,1687
June 17, 1697
Sept. 6, 1694
May 21, 1667
War. 10, 1639
June 22, 1668
April 20, 1685
May 9, 1697
Oct. 25, 1687
April 1, 1680
April 2, 1675
1630-37
Oct. 5, 1693
Mar. 21, 1701
July 25, 1672
July 8, 1761
S. W. part of Staten Island, sometimes called "Billop Manor."
N. part of Staten Island.
N. part of Westchester Co., had 1 Rep. in Gen. Assembly.
Canceled.
Annexed to Kingston, Mar. 12, 1787.
With full power as an independent town.
Columbia CO., had 1 Rep. in Gen. Assembly.
Since annexed to Massachusetts.
S. point of Westchester co.
S. E. border of Westchester co.
Putnam co.
Plum and Gull Islands.
Fully organized; represented in Gen. Assembly; confirmed
Oct. 17, 1685, May 20, 1704.
In town of Brookhaven, Suffolk co.
Westchester co.
Prudence Island, R. I. Disallowed by R. I., and authority
resisted.
Marthas Vineyard, now a part of Massachusetts.
John Palmer
Cortlandt
Col. Stephanus Cortlandt
Capt. John Evans .. .
Fox Hall
Capt. Thos. Chambers
Earl of Stirling
Gardners Tsland
Livingston
Robert Livingston
Marthas Vineyard....
Matthew Mayhew
Col. Lewis Morris
John 1'ell
Philipsburgh
Rensselaerwyck
Killian Van Kensselaer...
Col. Wm. Smith
Caleb Heathcote., .
St. George
Several of these existed only in name ; perhaps a few other patents boi-e the name of Manors, upon which active settlement
were not begun under the Colonial Government.
Table of the more important Patents
Granted under i.ie English Colonial Government, in the eastern part of New York.
NAME or PATENT.
County.
Date.
Extent
in Acres.
Patentees.
Adaquatangie Patent
May 8, 1770
April 6, 1774
May 11, 1762
March 13, 1764
Nov. 12, 1737
Oct. 24, 1764
May 22, 1770
June 17,1737
Feb. 9, 1838
March 6, 1775
April 14, 1753
April 24, 1736
June 12, 1771
March 19, 1754
May 24, 1770
June 25, 1703
March 27, 1769
July 6, 1769
April 6, 1774
Sept. 22, 1729
Nov. 28, 1769
May 18, 1762
Feb. 14, 1738
Dec. 16, 1737
July 13, 1770
April 30, 1725
July 21, 1761
July 11, 1764
April 5, 1784
July 11, 1767
Nov. 4, 1714
May 22, 1770
Sept. 29, 1770
Nov. 1, 1695
March 25, 1707
April 18,1738
Sept. 23, 1708
Jan. 15, 1770
Nov. 19, 1737
June 2, 1734
Feb. 9, 1738
May 30, 1770
May 30, 1770
Jan. 5, 1775
June 29, 1770
Oct. 4, 1774
July 11, 1769
May 22, 1770
Nov. 12, 1737
Aug. 23, 1737
July 21, 1770
July 20, 1770
June 20, 1770
26,000
40,000
10,000
47,450
10,000
24,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
4,200
50,000
6,000
27,000
30,000
100,000
14.IKHI
4,300
40,000
23,000
4,000
3,870
4,000
9,400
31,500
5,000
4,000
35,500
2,000
2,000
3,000
TJOSO
40,000
25,000
22,000
6,000
47,000
29,000
18,000
18,036
30,000
2,000
10,000
6,428
5,000
6,000
9,000
Sir William Johnson and others.
Sir Jeffery Amherst, (2 tracts.)
R. J. F. & W. Schermerhorn and others.
Duncan Reid and others.
James De Lancey.
Joseph Walton and others.
Charles Babington.
Timothy Bagley and others.
(t *l 11
Henry Balfour, (Totten & Crossfieid's Pur.)
Goldsbrow Banyar and others.
Vincent Matthews and others.
Win. & Rob. Bayard and others, (Freemasons'
Patent.)
Johannes Becker and others.
John Leake and others.
Henry Beekman.
William H. Beekman.
George Croghan and others, (2 tracts.)
Wm. Bishop, (T. & C. Pur.)
Rutger Bleecker and others.
John Weatherhead and others.
James Bradshaw.
Krent Bradt and others.
tt u it
David Bufflngton.
John Joost Petrie and others, (German Flats.)
Golden, Smith, Banyar, and others.
Allen Campbell.
Duncan Campbell, (T. & C. Pur.)
Martin Garretaon Van Bergen and others.
John & Margaret Collins.
James Clarke.
Daniel Claus.
Jacob Lockerman.
Ann Bridges and others.
John Lindsey and others.
N. Hermanse and others, (Shenondehowa Pat.)
Stephen Skinner and others.
Wm. Corry and others.
Joseph Worrell and others.
Alex., Ph. & Wm. Cosby.
Daniel Coxe and others, (s. w. of Mohawk.)
" (E. of Susqnehanna.)
Geo. Croghan and others, (s. of Mohawk.)
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer.
Elkanah Dean.
John De Bernier.
James De Lancey and others, (s. of Mohawk.)
" " (N. of Mohawk.)
Robert Edmeston.
William Edmeston.
Walter Franklin and others.
Amhcrst Tracts
Anaquassacook Patent
Washington
u
Argylo Patent
Montgomery
Washington :
Delaware
Schenectady
Montgomery
Ham. & Warren..
Otsego & Scho
Artillery Patent
Babington's Patent
Bagley's Patents
u U
Balfour's Patent
Banyar's Patent
Bayard's Patent
Oneida & Uerk...
Pchoharle
Becker's Patent
Bedlington Patent
Beekman's Patent
Delaware.....
Dutchesa
Beek man town Patent
Belvidere Patent
Otsego & Scho
Bishop's Patent
Montgomery
Washington
Schenectady
<(
Bradt's Patent
(c <(
Wellington
Essex
Campbell's Patent-...
n ti
Catskill Patent
Montgomery
Delaware
Fulton
Clarke's Patent
Claus's Patent
Caterskill Patent
Cherry Valley Patent
Clifton Park Patent
Cobus Kill Patent
Corry's Patent
Mont. & Scho
Oneida & Herk...
Schenectady
Oneida.
Cosby'a Manor _
Cosby's Patent _
Coxburgh A Carolina.
Coxe's Patent
u
it i<
Croghan's Patent
Dartmouth Patent
Dean's Patent
De Bernier's Patent
Montgomery
u
Edmeston's Patent
ft <
u
Franklin Patent
Otsego
50
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
NAME OF PATENT.
County.
Date.
Extent
in Acres.
Patentees.
Feb. 26, 1770
Sept. 6, 1765
June 17, 1765
July 3, 1736
May 7, 1765
July 6, 1769
Sept. 10, 1772
Aug. 24, 1770
June 15, 1770
Aug. 17, 1764
Nov. 11, 1763
Aug. 29, 1735
Oct. 13, 1665
July 17, 1713
April 20,1708
Dec. 8, 1769
Oct. 11, 1735
March 18, 1722
April 22,1761
Feb. 27, 17C9
1739
April 13,1752
March 17, 1769
June 3, 1688
Nov. 3, 1714
Oct. 19, 1708
Oct. 6, 1731
Sept. 10, 1774
July 20, 1737
April 12, 1770
March 21, 1768
April 10, 1772
Sept. 27, 1765
April 16, 1765
June 25, 1696
Nov. 2, 1708
Aug. 7, 1764
May 3, 1764
Aug. 7, 1764
Aug. 26, 1774
March 14. 1686
June 23; 1753
May 18, 1762
Dec. 12, 1695
Dec. 21, 1754
Feb. 24, 1770
June 23, 1753
Dec. 29, 1768
Feb. 6, 1753
Aug. 14, 1761
May 22. 1770
June 26, 1769
Aug. 18, 1738
Aug. 18, 1738
Oct. 7, 1741
Aug. 24, 1730
Sept. 6, 1770
Feb. 10, 1762
Nov. 8, 1760
Sept. 16, 1761
Oct. 18, 1731
Jan. 2, 1754
Aug. 12, 1736
May 3, 1765
Aug. 7, 1765
Jan. 16, 1770
April 30, 1770
Sept. 29, 1770
April 5, 1769
Aug. 15, 1761
March 31, 1761
April 5. 1774
April 24, 1736
March 7,1771
Aug. 4. 1743
June 25, 17('3
30,000
5,000
2,000
5,000
3,000
18,000
3,000
45,000
6,000
3,000
10,000
4,000
2JOOO
22,000
4.000
12,000
21,500
18.000
6,000
2,324
20,000
10,000
6.000
40.000
10,000
94,000
11.650
2.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
10.200
2.000
2,000
axooo
26,000
16.000
22.000
6.000
36,600
2,640
7,000
5,000
5,000
7,050
1.965
2.000
3.000
9,000
20,000
4,000
20.000
4.000
20,000
2,000
4,000
3.000
40,000
18,000
3,000
5.92S
4,000
6.000
5,000
4.200
5,000
2.000
2.000
29.000
5,000
3.000
2,000
6.000
6,000
3.500
2,000
'060
i3"ooo
Thomas Wharton and others.
Coenradt Frank and others.
Hugh Frazer.
Thomas Freeman.
John Friswell.
Thomas Gage.
Beamsley Glazier.
John Glen, jr.
Edward Tudor and others.
Robert Grant.
Donald Campbell.
Maynard & Elizabeth Guerin.
Petersen Philip Schuyler and others.
Hendrick Hausen and others.
Johannes Hardenburgh and others.
John Harper, jr.
Edward Harrison and others.
Francis Harrison and others.
Christian John Hartwick.
Peter Hasenclever.
James Henderson and others.
Joost Johan Herkimer and others.
Lord Henry Holland.
Maria Van Rensselaer and others.
Myndert Pchuyler and others, (Schoharie Pat.)
Cornelius Cool and others.
Burgar Huyk.
Edward Jessup & C. Hyde.
Geo. Ingoldsby and others.
Henry Glen and others.
Ebenezer Jeesup and others, (2 tracts.)
u tt u
Ouy Johnson.
James Judd.
Daniel Honan and others, (Yachtaucke.)
Manning Hermanse and others, (Qucensboro.)
Roger Kellet.
John Tabor Kempe.
John Kennedy.
Robert Kennedy.
John Hendrik De Bruyn and others.
Arent Stevens and others.
James Bradshaw and others.
George Klock and others.
Lawrence Kortright.
Jacob Lansing and others.
Johannes Lawyer and others.
u u it
11 11 u
Robert Leake.
Francis Legge.
John Lindsley and others,
it u * ti
11 u ti
John Lindsley & Ph. Livingston.
Leonard Lispenard and others.
Philip Livingston and others.
11 u it
Abraham Lott, jr., and others.
Gabriel Ludlow.
John Lyne and others.
11 it t,
Nathaniel McCullock, (2 tracts.)
Alexander Mclntosb.
Alexander McKee and others.
ti u it
Norman McLeod.
John McNeile.
Sarah Magin and others.
William Markham.
Vincent Matthews and others, (3 tracts.)
John Maunsell.
Stephen Bayard and others.
Alexander Menzies.
Thomas Menzies.
Godfrey Miller and others.
Peter Middleton.
Matthew Ling and others.
John Montresor and others.
David Mooney.
Lewie Morris and others,
u it u it
" " Jr. and others,
ii 11 tt u
Staats Long Morris.
Harry Munroe.
John Rosie and others.
Richard Loudon and others.
Schenectady
Gage's Patent
Goldsborough Township
Grant's Patent
Delaware
Washington
Montgomery
Half Moon Patent
t(
Delaware & Sull..
Harper's Patent
Montgomery
tt
** t<
Hart wick Patent
Henderson's Patent
it
Herkimer's Patent
tt
Holland Patent
Rens. & Wash
Huntersfield Patent
Hurley Patent
Huvk Patent
Ulster..
Hyde Township
Herkimer & Fult.
Warren
t(
Jessup's Purchase
tt n
Johnson's Patent
Judd's Patent
Kakiate Patent
Kayaderosseras Patent
Saratoga & War..
Reliefs Patent
Kempe's Patent
Washington
Kennedy's Patent
U it
Kinderhook Patent
Kingsborough Patent
Fulton
Washington
Kingsfield Manor* 1
Klock's Patent
Montgomery
Kortright Patent
Lansing's Patent
tt ((
u
tt
Leake's Patent
Legge's Patent
Delaware
Liudsley's Patent
it
u
u
Lindsley & Livingston's Patent
Lispeniird's Patent
Herkimer ....
Livingston's Patent.
Herk. & Mont
Fulton & Sara
Fulton
.. a
Lett's Patent
Ludlow's Patent
Lyne's Patent
Montgomery
Washington
Essex
Mcfullock'e Patent
Mclntosh's Patent
McKee's Patent
tt
McLeod's Patent
Fill ton
McNeile's Patent
tt u
Magin's Patent
Herkimer
Fulton
Markham's Patent
Matthews's Patent
Maunsell's Patent
Mawighunk Patent
Greene
Washington
Mayfield Patent
Fulton & Ham....
Washington
Menzies's Patent
4*
Midrtlefield Patent
April 18, 1761
Feb. 24. 1770
Aug. 28. 1704
June 6, 1765
Oct. 28, 1765
Oct. 23, 1722
June 30. 1723
May 24, 1726
M 11 **
1769
Sept. 23, 1764
April 22, 1708
March 31, 1770
Middlftmi's Patent
Minisink Patent
Sull. & Orange....
Montresor's Patent
Mooney's Patent
Morris's Patent
Washington
Montgomery
tt U
it It
tt tt
Montgomery
It It
Munroe's Patent
Washington
Saratoga
Otsego.-
Nestigione Patent
Nettlefleld Patent
Twenty-four miles above Schenectady.
LANDS.
51
NAME OF PATENT.
County.
Date.
Extent
in acres.
Patentees.
May 27, 1697
Caleb Heathcote and others
April 10, 1706
Sampson Boughton and others
Fulton
Oct. 17, 1741
6,000
Jacob Mase and others.
Oblong Patent j
W. Chester, Put.
) June 8, 1731,
50,000
Thomas Hawley and others.
Oothoudt's Patent
& Dutch.
J met seq.
Aug. 18, 1741
13,000
Volkert Oothoudt and others
Ord'd Patent
Jan. 31, 1775
5,000
Thomas Ord.
April 18, 1705
Thomas Wenham and others.
Feb. 3, 1770
69,000
Charles Read and others.
u u
Nov. 30, 1769
100,000
Geo. Croghan and 99 others.
Sept. 22, 1729
4,300
Rutger Bleecker and others.
March 31, 1687
5,100
Capt. John Palmer.
Panton Tract
Oct. 18, 1775
2,000
Francis Panton.
Pinetield Patent
Preston Patent
Delaware _.
June 22, 1775
June 27, 1770
30,000
14.000
John Rapalje and others.
Achilles Preston and others.
Prevost Patent
Aug. 15, 1765
5.000
Augustine Prevost.
ti
March 10, 1768
5,000
tt tt
1770
tt t
it tt
Jan. 18, 1775
5000
James Prevost.
tt
May 2, 1764
26,000
William Cockroft and others.
May 20, 1762
23000
Daniel Prindle and others.
Rhinebeck Patent
June 8, 1703
Henry Beekman.
May 6, 1754
8.000
Ury Rightmeyer and others.
Fulton
Sept 29, 1770
2000
June 25, 1703
Ross's Patent
April 16, 1765
2,000
James Ross.
93000
Sir John Johnson.
Oct 7 1685
Francis Rumbout.
Sacondaga Patent
Dec. 2, 1741
28000
Lendert Gansevoort and others.
Sadachqueda or Saghquate Patent...
Salem Patent
Dneida
June 25. 1736
Aug. 7, 1764
6,000
25000
Frederick Morris and others.
Alexander and James Turner and others.
Wash & Sara
Nov 4 1684
Peter Schuyler and others.
Sawyer's Patent
Wash & Sara
Oct. 29, 1708
Isaac Sawyer.
Wash & Rens
July 23, 1761
61 000
Cornelius Van Dyck and others.
May 11, 1762
10,000
Ryer Schermerhorn.
u
Aug 23, 1764
2000
tt
March 24, 1762
10,000
Hendrick Schneider.
1755
43000
David Schuyler and others.
Schuyler's Patent
May 19, 1737
11,250
Abm. David Schuvler and others.
U ti
it it
_>tsego.
June 3, 1755
July 18 1740
43,000
12000
David Schuyler and others.
John Schuyler and others.
tt tt
July 29, 1737
2,000
tt tt tt tt
Scott's Patent
Jan 2 1770
42500
John Moriu Scott and others.
Seaton's Patent _
July 18, 1767
3.000
Sir Henry Seaton.
Servis's Patent
Feb. 28 1769
25000
Peter Servis and others.
Slit-rriff's Patent
Oct. IS, 1775
4000
Charles Sherriff.
Skeenesboro' Patent
March 31 1765
25 000
Philip Skeene and others.
July 30, 1771
3,000
Philip Skeene.
Skeene's Little Patent
July 6, 1771
9,000
tt tt
Skinner's Patent
Jan. 15, 1770
40,000
Stephen Skinner and others.
SmalPs Patent
April 6, 1774
5.000
John Small.
Spaight's Patent
Nov. 6, 1767
2,000
William Spaight.
Spornheyer's Patent
Aug. 23, 1764
2,000
Ernst William Spornheyer and others.
Springfield Patent
Nov. 4, 1741
17.000
John Groesbeck and others.
Staley's Patents
June 14, 1755
34.000
Rudolph Staley and others.
Starnberg's Patent
Sept 30 1769
3000
Jacob Starnber" and others.
March 19, 1759
3.000
Lambert Starnberg and others.
Steward's Patent
May 7 1765
2000
Peter Steward.
Stewart's Patent
May 27, 1755
24,000
James Stewart and others.
tt tt
Sept 7 1771
2000
Walter Stewart.
Stone Arabia Patent
Oct 19 1723
12700
John Chr. Garlock and others.
Stone Heap Patent
Stony Hill Tract
Mont. & Scho
Sept. 15, 177(1
March 25 1768
15,500
18 000
John Bowen and others.
Michael Byrne and others.
Stony Point Tract
July 13, 1743
Richard Bradley and others.
Stou^hton's Patent
July 25 1764
2000
John Stoughtun.
Strasburgh Township
Dec. 4, 1770
37,000
John Butler and others.
Stringer's Patent
Jan 12 1769
2000
Samuel Stringer.
Sutherland's Patent
Sept 5 17 H4
2000
Erick Sutherland.
Swallowfield Patent
Essex
Aug. 7, 1764
April 22 1708
3.000
7 630
Nicholas Sutherland.
George Booth.
Ten Eyck's Patent _
Timberman's Patent
Schoharie
May 30, 1739
May 30 1755
3.500
3000
Hendrick Jacob Ten Eyck and others.
Jacob Timberman and others.
Totten & Crossfield's Purchase*.... j
Turloch Patent
Herk. Ham.Es- )
sex, Warren. J
Feb 21 1752
18 000
Jacob Borst and others.
Upton e Patent
March 8 1770
20000
Clotworthy Upton and others.
Van Bergeu's Patent
July 11, 1767
35.500
Martin Garretson Van Bergen's and others.
Van Dam's Patent
March 23 1709
3000
Rip Van Dam.
Van Rensselaer Patent
Oct 4 1774
28 964
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer.
Van Slyck's Patent _
Sept 1 1716
2000
Harman Van Slyck.
Vaughau's Patent
April 24, 1770
8.000
John Vaughan and others.
Wall ice Patent
April 11 1770
6365
Hu<*h Wallace and others.
Walloomsac Patent
June 15, 1739
12,000
Edward Collins and others.
Walter's Patent
Feb 14 1701
5 000
Robert Walters.
Walton's Patent
Aug 12 1768
12000
William Walton and others.
Delaware
March 15, 1770
20,000
tt tt tt tt
This tract, embracing 50 townships, was surveyed just be-
fore the Revolution, but small portions only were granted until
after the w;ir. Among those who received patents for large
portions after that period were Robert G. Livingston, Isaac Nor-
ton. John G. Leake, Abijah Hammond, Frederick Rylander,
Philip Livingston, John Thurman, Jacob Watson, Alexander
Macomb, Ph. Rockafeller, White Matlack, Enos Mead, Zephaniah
Platt, Goldsbrow Banyar, Peter V. B. Livingston, Joshua Mer-
sereau, Jonathan Lawrence, Thomas Franklin, Effingham Law-
rence, Stephen Crossfield, and others. Extensive tracts have
been repeatedly sold for taxes.
52
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
NAME OP PATENT.
County.
Date.
Extent
in Acres.
Patentees.
Watkins's Patent
Washington
March 2, 1775
2,000
John Walking.
April 29, 1703
Dr John Bridges.
Columbia.
Aug. 4, 1743
4,380
William and Stephen Bayard.
Feb. 18, 1775
3,000
Archibald Weir and others.
Wharton's Patent..
Essex
April 15,1765
March 10, 1770
3,000
38,000
John Wharton.
Henry White and others.
Herkimer..- ...
Oct. 6, 1741
2,000
Peter Winne.
U tt
Montgomery..
Oct. 10, 1741
4,000
Peter Winne and others.
Williams Patent .
<(
Aug. 29, 1735
14,000
Charles Williams and others.
Wilmot Patent -
u
Aug. 29, 1735
2,000
Anne Wilmot.
t(
NOT. 12, 1731
2,000
Hartman Windecker.
Essex _... ...
Feb. 18, 1775
3,000
Daniel Wriesberg.
Young's Patent
OtBego & Scho
Oct. 11, 1752
20,000
Frederick Young.
<t it
Herkimer.
Aug. 25, 1752
14,000
Theobald Young and others.
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS PURCHASE
Of about 6,000,000 acres of Lands ceded to Massachusetts by the State of New fork at the Hartford Convention, Dec. 16, 1786.
TRACTS.
Parties.
Date.
Acres.
Counties.
Phelps and Gorham"
Massachusetts to Phelps and Gorham
NOT 21 1788
2 600,000
Allegany, Livingston,
" to Robert Morris
May 11 1791
500000
Monroe, Ontario,
Schuyler, Steuben,
Wayne, and Yates.
Triangular Tract
87,000
Connecticut Tract 6
100000
Orleans and Genesee.
50000
Ogden Tract
50,000
Wyoming.
Cottinger Tract
" Gerrit Cottinger
50000
Forty Thousand Acre Tract
" Wilhelm and Jan Willink
40000
Sterritt Tract
" Samuel Sterritt . . .
150 000
Church Tract
" John B Church
100000
Morris Honorary Creditors' Tract..
" Creditors
58570
AlU'gany & Livingston.
Holland Go's Purchase
" Agents of Holland Co
1792-93
3 600 000
Boston Ten Towns....
Massachusetts to Settlers ...
NOT. 7. 1787
230.400
gus, Allegany, Wyo-
ming, Erie. Genesee,
Orleans, and Niagara.
Broome and Tioea.
Phelps and Gorham originally contracted for the whole tract at $1.000,000, payable in a kind of scrip called "Consolidated
Securities," then much below par. A rise to par prevented them from fulfilliug the agreement.
* In 1801, conveyed in undivided halves to the State of Conn, and Sir Wm. Pulteney, the former using part of her School Fund
in the purchase. Divided by alternate lots in 1811.
Conveyed in four tracts to the agents of the Holland Co.: viz., 1,500,000, Dec. 24, 1792, to Le Roy and Lincklaen; 1.000,000
Feb. 27, 1793, to Le Roy, Lincklaen, and Boon; 800,000, July 20, 1793, to the same; and 300,000, same date, to Le Roy, Bayard,
and Clarkson.
SUBDIVISION OF MACOMB'S GREAT PURCHASE
In Franklin, St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and Herkimer Counties.
TRACTS.
Patentees.
Date
of Patent.
Acres.
Remarks.
Great Tract No. 1
2
" 3
" " 4...1
" 5... 1
" " 6... [
Daniel McCormick
May 17, 1798
May 17, 1798
March 3, 1795
Jan. 10, 1792
Date nf Pur-
chase.
April 12, 1793
July 15, 1795
Dec. 18, 1792
Feb. 20, 1793
821.879
553,020
640,000
f 450,950
26,250)
1 74,400 V
(.1,368,400)
210,000
290,376
817,155
74.400
Twenty-seven towns. Franklin co.
Eighteen towns, St. Lawrence co.
Fifteen " " "
Antwerp and Jefferson cos.
Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and Herkimer cos.
Jefferson and Lewis cos.
tt tt
Jefferson, Oswego, and Lewis, 13 towns.
Greig, Lewis co.
Five towns, Lewis co.
Lewis co.
Leyden and Lewis, Lewis co.
Lewis co.
it it
tt tt
Alexander Macomb-
Purchasers.
Pierre Chassants & Co
f Harrison, Hoffman, )
\ Low, & Henderson.../
Chassauis Tract
Black River Tract
Boylston Tract
Brantingham Tract...
Constable's Towns
Ellisburgh
Wm. 1 ma in
James Constable
March 22, 1797
Feb. 20, 1793
April ,1796
52834
25,000
61,433
Inman's Triangle
Watson's Tract
Wm. Inman
James Watson
Chenango Twenty Townships.
Tp.
Acres.
Date of
Patent.
Patentees.
Tp.
Acres.
Date of
Patent.
Patentees.
1
27,187
June 14, 1793
Alexander Webster.
11
26.200
Jan. 28,1793
Leonard M. Cutting.
V
28,245
April 16, 1794
William 3. Smith.
12
24,185
April 16, 1794
Wm. Matlack, sr.
8
24,624
13
24,218
March 2, 1793
Thos. Ludlow and J. Shipperly .
4
24,400
tt (-
14
26,030
June 1, 1793
Leonard M. Cutting.
6
26,200
15
25,335
Dec. 29, 1792
it
6
7
24.384
24.186
March 2, 1793
Jan. 31,1793
Thos. Ludlow, jr.
TCnbert C. Livingston.
16
17
18,713
18,068
Feb. 14,1793
<( If
John Taylor.
tt u
8
25.780
April 16, 1794
William S. Smith.
18
22,565
May 3, 1793
John J. Morgan.
9
24,205
** "
iq
20,750
*C (I
(( u
10
24,200
Jan. 13, 1793
James Talmadge.
20
24,856
it tt
It tt
LANDS.
53
Table of the Principal Tracts
Which have been granted in smatt parcels by the Slate, under the Commissioners of the land Office.
NAME OP TRACT.
County.
No. of
Lots.
Remarks.
7
77
383
13
233
254
62
4
7
91
205
West of Perou Bay.
Escheat of John G. Leake.
Named from Egbert Benson.
Part of Niagara Mile Strip.
Surveyed by Geo. Webster, 1803.
\ Unappropriated lands remaining at close of Revolu-
J tion.
Part of Hardensburgh Patent.
Gospel and Schools for Chenango Twenty Towns.
( Laid out in 1788 by Jas. Cliuton, J. Hathorn, and J.
1 Cantine.
49,710 acres to A. Hammond and others.
Patented separately. See table preceding this.
Given to the Vermont sufferers.
Given to schools and literature.
Town of Windsor.
Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution.
Mile Square Reservation.
Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution.
Given to Canal Fund.
To Walter Livingston, M. West, and W. Morris.
In quarters.
Robert Morris and Alexander Macorab.
House, out, and water lots.
Small tracts upon Military Class rights
( Twenty eight townships 1,680,000 acres to soldiers of
\ the Revolution.
/Ten townships, 640,000 acres set apart to soldiers,
\ not conveyed.
Nine townships, mostly of modern grant.
Reserved in Massachusetts cession.
1 Reserved by State in previous grautB.
State, Middle, Rear, and River Lots.
Named from Paradox Lake.
131,420 acres to Canada and Nova Scotia refugees.
West, East, and Residence Tracts, Canoga Reservation.
Fish Creek, Oneida, Castleton, Oneida Creek, Otsequet.
Pagan Purchase, and Wood Creek Tracts of the pur-
chases of 1798, 1802, 1815, 1824, 1826, 1829, 1830, 1834,
1840, 1842.
Various, including plats of Salina, Geddes, Liverpool,
Lodi, Ac.
Various, including lands at Fort Covington and Ho-
gansburgh Village.
Various purchases, including E. Hill Tract of fifty,
and W. Hill Tract of forty-two lots.
Sold at auction in quarter and mile squares,, but bid
in by a small number. Cambray, De Kalb, and
Hague, each 92.720 acres; Lisbon, Louisville, and
Stockholm, each a little less, were conveyed to Alex.
Macomb, Dec. 17, 1787.
61,440 acres to Robert Harper and others.
Delaware
Hamilton
Hamilton and Fulton
Bl ick Rock Village
Erie
Warren
Schoharie
Delaware
Chemung Township
Chemung
Madison, Chenango, Oneida
Delaware and Broome
144
25
79
19
248
100
33
Essex
Washi n gton
Franklin
48
117
108
Erie
Gore, Old Military, and Refugee
Clinton
68
Gores, others in great number.
Tioga
62
234
160
93
33
421
38
173
Essex
Islands in great number.
Jay Tr'tct
Essex and Clinton
Warren
St Lawrence
5
Military Tract <
Military Tract (old)
Cayuga.Cortland, Onondaga,
Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca,
Tompkins and Wayne.
Moose River Tract
Hamilton and Herkimer
Erie and Niagara
107
140
133
52
North River Head Tract
North West Bay Tract
Ox Bow Tract
304
428
130
Essex
Reservations, Indian :
Cavuga and Peneca
256
Oneida and Madison
St Regia
Essex
86
10 mi.
sq.
each
111
162
33
17
52
22
Washington.
St. Lawrence
Split Rock Tract
Essex
Niagara.
Trembleau Tract
Watkins and Flint's Purchase
West field Tract
Chemung and Schuyler.
58
174
West of Road Patent
White Face Mountain Tract
Essex and Clinton.
Tables of many small grants, tracts, and purchases will be found in the descriptions of the counties in which such lands ar
located.
CANALS.
THE PUBLIC CANALS of the State are made, by the Constitution,
inalienable. They were first constructed for the purpose of facili-
tating settlement and of opening an easy means of communication
between the Atlantic and the great lakes. The canals are under
the care of several State officers, the powers and duties of whom
are as follows :
Tlie Canal Commissioners, three in number, are elected
one each year and hold office for three years. They have the imme-
diate supervision and management of the construction and repairs
of canals, and are ex afficio members of the Canal and Contracting
Boards. They have their office in the State Hall, and report annually
to the Legislature. The canals have three general divisions, each of which is under the special
charge of a commissioner. 1
The State Engineer and Surveyor has general charge of the engineering department
of the canals, and is a member of the Canal and Contracting Boards. He has an office in the State
Hall, and reports annually to the Legislature. 2
The Canal Board consists of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, the State Engineer,
and the Canal Commissioners. It meets, during the session of the Legislature, at the office of the
Canal Department, fixes the rates of toll, appoints collectors of tolls, their assistants and weigh-
masters, directs extraordinary repairs ; hears appeals from the Canal Appraisers, remits penalties,
and regulates the police of the canals. 3
The Auditor of the Canal Department draws warrants on the Treasurer for all
canal payments, audits accounts, instructs collecting and disbursing officers, and keeps account of
canal receipts and expenditures. He is ex officio Secretary of the Commissioners of the Canal
Fund and of the Canal Board, and a member of the Contracting Board. His office, known as the
" Canal Department," is in the State Hall at Albany.
The Canal Appraisers, three in number, are appointed one each year, and hold office for
three years. They appraise all damages arising from the canals, whether temporary or permanent
in their nature. They have an office in the State Hall.
The Contracting Board consists of the State Engineer, the Auditor of the Canal Depart-
ment, and the Canal Commissioners. It appoints all division, resident, and first assistant engineers.*
The Commissioners of the Canal Fund consist of the Lieutenant Governor, Secre-
tary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, and Attorney General. The Auditor of the Canal Department
is ex officio Secretary of the Board. They have the general management of the funds and debts of
the canal. 5
1 The Eastern Division embraces the Erie Canal as far w. as
Oneida Lake Canal, 136 miles ; Champlain Canal and Glens Falls
Feeder. 78 miles; Pond above Troy Dam. 3 miles: Black River
Canal and Improvement, 98 miles ; making a total of 315 miles.
The Middlf. Division embraces the Erie Canal from the E.
bank of Oneida Lake Canal to the E. line of Wayne co.. includ-
ing feeders and reservoirs, 76 miles ; Chenango Canal, 97 miles ;
Oneida Lake Canal, 7 miles; Oswego Canal. 38 miles; Baldwins-
ville Side Cut, 1 mile; Oneida River Improvement, 20 miles;
Seneca River towing path, 5| miles; Cayuga & Seneca Canal,
23 miles; Crooked Lake Canal, 8 miles; Chemung Canal and
Feeder, 39 miles; Oneida Creek Feeder, 2 miles; Seneca River
Improvement, 12J mile; making a total of 331 miles.
The Western Division embraces the remainder of the Erie
Canal, 155 miles, and the Genesee Valley Canal and Dansville
Side Cut, 118 miles, making a total of 273 miles.
2 He prescribes the duties of engineers and assigns to them
divisions, visits and inspects all the canals at least once in each
year, and prepares plans, surveys, maps, and estimates for con-
struction or improvement. He has other duties relating to rail-
roads, lands belonging to the State; and other subjects are
also assigned to him from time to time.
In the Engineering Department are the following subordinate
officers :
Division Engineers, one to each division, are appointed by
the Contracting Board with the consent of the State Engineer.
They have special supervision of the sections of canals in their
respective divisions, and are obliged to frequently pass over the
canal; and they prepare all maps, plans, and specifications for
work to be put under contract. They make full reports annually
to the State Engineer. The office of the Resident Engineer of
the Eastern Division is at Albany, of the Middle Division at
Syracuse, and of the Western Division at Rochester.
Resident Engineers, 12 in number, have immediate charge of
certain sections under the supervision of resident engineers.
They are assisted by :
54
First Assistant Engineers, appointed by the Contracting
Board, and
Second Assistant Engineers, appointed by Resident Engineers.
The number of these assistants is regulated by the amount of
labor in progress. Levelers. surveyors, draftsmen, clerks, &c.
are employed as the Department may require, and are ap-
pointed in the same manner as Second Assistant Engineers.
No engineer or other public officer appointed upon the canals,
or a clerk, foreman, or overseer of laborers, is allowed to have
an interest in the boarding of laborers, or in furnishing teams,
materials, or any other thing belonging to himself, for the use
of the public.
8 There are 20 collectors of tolls on the Erie, 3 on the Cham-
plain, 3 on the Oswego, 3 on the Seneca & Cayuga, 3 on the
Chemung, 1 on the Crooked Lake, 3 on the Chenango, 5 on the
Genesee Valley, 1 on the Black River, and 1 on the Oneida Lake
Canal. There are also 41 assistant collectors. Collectors may
be removed by the Canal Commissioners or the Auditor.
4 This Board was created April 15, 1854, and its powers were
enlarged and defl ned May 14, 1857 . Until May 1, 1859. it appointed
superintendents of repairs ; but since that time all repairs are
made by contract. Repairs were formerly made by laborers,
hired by the day or month, under the direction of superin-
tendents; but in 1857 the Contracting Board was authorized
to let the ordinary repairs upon contract for a term of years.
6 The canal fund was derived from the following sources :
1817-35. Auction duties, (in part,) amounting in
all to $3,592,039.05
" " Salt duties, amounting in all to 2,055,458.06
In 1835, these revenues were restored to
the general fund, by a popular vote of
68,126 to 8,675.
1817-23. Steamboat passenger tax, amounting in
all to 73.509.99
CANALS.
55
Reports are annually made to the Legislature by the heads of the various Canal Departments
concerning every thing pertaining to the Canal interests. These reports, embodying voluminous
details and summaries, are printed, and are easily accessible to all. 1
Loans for construction, at sundry times, secured
by State stocks. The avails for Erie and Cham-
plain Canals, up to Sept. 30, 1858, amounted to -$8,271.831.00
Loans for enlargement, &c 11,828,000.00
Loans for deficiencies 10,203,844.10
Loans for enlargement and completion 10,500,000.00
Canal revenue certificates 1,512,390.75
Temporary loans 1,700,000.00
Tolls 64,429,475.41
Tax (1844, '45, '46, '47, 1854, '55, '56, '57, '58) 2,936,623,21
Salei of lands for benefit of canals, viz. : 102,635
acres in Cattaraugus co., given by the Holland
Land Co. ; 3,000 acres, by John Hornby; 1,000
acres, by Gideon Granger; Grand Island,
(17,881 1-5 acres,)and 8 small islands, (502J acres,)
given by the State for benefit of canals ; and a
tract of land on Wood Creek, bought with the
rights of the Western Inland Lock N. Co 107,430.18
Interest on investment and deposits 3,157,860.60
Surplus tolls, from lateral canals 1,010,731.43
Miscellaneous 1,101,123.43
Total receipts Erie and Champlain Canals 123,043,734.84
Receipts upon all the State canals 143,607,002.91
Total payments upon the Erie and Champlain
Canals
Total payments upon all the State canals 141,627,845.85
The total premiums upon loans amounted to $2,ii',)S,744.12
The total discount upon loans amounted to 290,508.04
Special loans were made for most of the lateral canals. A
tract of land from the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation was
sold fur the benefit of the Oswego Canal Fund, and amounted to
$160,000. Stock in the Western Inland Lock Navigation Co.,
amounting to $92.000, was canceled fur the benefit of the canals,
and the interests of individuals in that work were canceled by
purchase. The amount appraised was $152.718.52.
The Constitution provides (Art. VII) that, after paying the
expenses of collection, superintendence, and repairs, the sum
of $1,300.000, and after 1855, $1,700,000, shall be applied annu-
ally, from the revenues of the canals, to a sinking fund, to pay
the canal debt. In 1857, the surplus receipts of tolls failed, for
the first time since 1846. to meet this, and it became necessary
to raise by direct tax the money required to pay interest on the
stock. The clause in the Constitution prohibiting the creation
of a debt for any public work, without imposing a direct tax
for its payment and a submission to the popular vote, was sus-
pended by an amendment adopted Feb. 14, 1S54. to allow of the
raising of $9,000,000, by the issue of State stock, for the more
speedy enlargement and completion of the canals. A measure
was introduced in the Legislature of 1859, for the loan of a fur-
ther sum for this object, and the submission of the question to
the decision of a popular vote.
l SUMMARIES OF THE PRINCIPAL REPORTS.
Amount and value of property moved, and miles run, on all the State Canals, since 1835.
ESTIMATED VALUE OF PRO-
MILES RUN IN EACH YEAR
PERTY TO AND FROM OTHER
BY ALL THE BOATS.
STATES VIA BUFFALO
Cieared at
T'ltul num-
.
BLACK ROCK, TONA-
Total value of
Cleared at New
Buffalo.
Cleared at
ber nf tons
s
WANDA, AND OSWEGO.
property moved
York, Albany,
Black Rock,
all other offi-
moved on
rl
on all the car
and West Truy.
and Tona-
ces.
all the ca-
Freight
Products
Merchandise
nals.
wanda.
nals.
Packets.
coming from.
going to.
1836
$5,493,816
$9,723,250
$67,634.343
1,310,807
1837
4,813,626
6,322,750
55.809,288
$25,784.147
$3,2S|,.V2S
$18,650.604
1,171,290
405,050
5.556,950
1838
6.369.645
8,657,250
65.746,559
33,002,858
4,854.927
19,209.858
1,333,011
400.250
5,126,800
1839
7,258,968
10.259,100
73,399.764
40,094 302
5.222.756
18,854,427
1,435,713
290,900
5,785,850
1840
7,877,358
7.057.600
66,403,892
36,398.039
6.200.829
15.204.936
1,417,046
258.880
5.952,300
1841
11,889,273
11,174.400
92-202,929
56,798,447
9.607,924
16.376,503
1,521,661
322.860
7.103.5SO
1842
9,215,808
7,218,900
60,016,608
32.314,998
7.541,793
12,466.736
1,236,931
354,300
6,173.200
1843
11,937,943
13,067,250
76,276,909
42.258.488
9.732,616
13.288,470
1,513,439
381.820
6,586,700
1844
15,875,558
14.845,250
90,921.152
53,142,403
9.561,146
15.822.5(14
1,816,586
427,740
7.841,750
1845
14,162,239
17,366,300
100,629,859
55,453,998
10.351.749
19,248,224
2.977,565
420.540
7,924,250
1846
20,471,939
20,415,500
115,612,109
64,628.474
15,819.314
18.815.639
2,268,662
414,340
9,065.450
1847
32,666,324
27,298,800
151,563,428
77,878.766
28,503,745
23.518,9'27
2.869.810
443.080
11,733,250
1848
23.245,353
30.553,920
140,086,157
77.477.781
19.621.700
11,544.421
2,796,230
542,300
9,633,850
1849
26.713,796
31,793,400
144,732,285
78.481.941
20,647.562
22,238.010
2,894,732
305.760
10,153,350
1850
25.539,605
41,272,491
156.397,929
74,826.999
20.991.462
31.335.526
8.076,617
343,475
10.718,100
1851
27,007,142
63,659,440
159,881,801
80,739.899
24.543,286
31,784.847
3,582,733
206,150
11,926,950
1852
37,041,380
79,127.640
196,603,517
121,087.312
25.674.776
22.219,056
3.863.441
71,725
12,306,950
1853
42,367,564
94,230,720
207,179.570
116,185,331
28,866,951
27,629,827
4,247. S52
46,650
12,327,050
1854
39,346,283
83,476,440
210,284,312
116.772.966
29,745.555
30.613,260
4,165.862
24,675
11,244.200
1855
43,555,243
79,879,680
204,390.147
113.443.863
31,403,640
24,906,992
4.022,617
28,875
9,671.450
1856
38,043.813
60,064,680
218.327,062
134,131,707
22,873,866
21.749,502
4,116,082
21,175
9,656.700
1857
26,466.121
42,525,360
136,997,018
71,016.241
17,567,181
15,470.217
3,344,061
16,950
7,374,850
1858
36,182,405
27,680,400
138,568,844
57.983,123
25,039,901
20.570.577
3,665,192
18,725
7,886,100
Tot.
$513,541,202
$793,670,521
$2,929,665,482
$1,559,962,083
$377,659,507
$451,519,063
59,647,996
5,746,220
191.739,630
Total amount per cent., and averages of different classes.
CLASSES.
TOTAL FOR TWENTY-THREE
YEARS.
PERCENTAGE
OF EACH.
AVERAGES FOR PERIODS OF SEVEN YEARS.
From. 1836 to 1842.
From 1843 to 1849.
From 1850 to 1856.
Tons.
Value.
Tms.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Products of forest
Agriculture
24,516,913
17,238,941
4,086,894
5,233,933
8,571,265
$207,472,053
321,768',110
167,860,314
1,594,938,801
137,726,204
41.11
28.89
6.85
8.78
14.37
7.08
28.05
5.7:i
54.41
4.70
634.922
306,004
101,610
119,108
184,992
$7,133,875
18,400,404
5.750,494
34.6S7.3S9
2,772,607
947.120
765,948
165,912
189,170
237,139
$7,200,900
36,326,168
6,825,363
61,888,015
4,876,878
1,549,378
1,098,289
240,790
380.654
598,775
$12,619.591
51,083,488
8.720,900
111,862,964
9.007.96
Manufactures
Merchandise
Other articles
Total
59,647,946
$2,929,765,482
100.00
100.00
1.346.636
$68,744,769
2,305,289; $117,117,411
3,867,886
$193.294,905
56
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tolls collected at each office on the New York State Canals, from 1825 to 1858, both inclusive.
OFFICES.
1826.
1830.
1836.
1840.
1846.
1850.
1855.
1856.
1848.
$285,595
$245,124
$290,280
$78,921
$126,652
$212,045
$357,595
$295,663
$340,667
312,654
253,234
116,973
67,966
West Troy
37,181
124,793
153,402
186,947
386,915
315,042
301,262
349,517
110,837
29,819
37,806
64,973
23,670
9,544
9,312
21,705
9,473
6,173
10,778
17,653
10.227
5.222
6,015
4,643
6,124
8,772
16,840
16,505
13.389
9,382
5,967
5,349
6,028
Utica
46,302
46,142
50,575
42,606
63,507
65,514
41,808
37,159
26,720
21,060
28,835
36,456
36,063
65,997
46,283
62,427
40,906
31,638
35,349
85,876
74,756
69,384
119,229
78,095
48,233
35,162
31,292
65,470
65,378
38,464
55,635
82,611
93,809
86,581
103,826
77,837
37,830
29,740
18,821
11,197
24,229
23,018
21,855
17,432
19,197
10,553
10,172
9,898
21,466
48,338
40,180
61,199
68,021
63,798
19,594
12,357
14,994
88,494
150,129
176,140
248,210
224,529
190,532
101,087
88,130
86,204
7,517
12,314
24,982
7,587
10,897
65,932
6,304
18,180
101,171
3,793
12,139
19,865
30,844
36,263
26,355
25,899
3,132
14,378
14,308
9,556
16,296
10,514
21,553
52,129
23,227
106,413
181,973
23,467
14,015
30,503
64
55,642
23,685
34,901
30,291
78fi
321,164
66,583
68,456
97,679
22,145
Buffalo
1,671
48,959
106,213
,417
482,635
703,498
755,575
783,906
719,683
Waterford
12,295
10,527
8,065
14,820
9,085
7.012
8,556
3,737
225
11,766
16,201
2,262
15,371
7,379
9,164
8,806
37,494
<*17 318
8,955
10,568
12,030
132,023
Whitehall
33,106
4i,052
63,924
48,160
55,911
71,356
64,367
55,364
8,923
8,662
61,214
30,653
63,812
44,655
21,184
20,412
17,950
22,922
22,241
6,626
3,673
46,850
5i,899
138,704
310,135
271,159
406,813
2,308
14,317
13,399
15,831
36,701
35,879
33,350
44,336
47,473
27,766
21,669
32,302
13,079
6,256
6,574
16.132
11.376
14,485
13,765
8,365
15133
14595
26,747
32,853
29.584
30,272
82.466
64,060
65.860
44,610
4,096
5.696
5,667
9,566
3.495
3,238
1,029
8,958
16,787
26,734
21,192
15.376
15,827
2,482
2,767
3,012
3,177
4,735
5,658
4,594
4.573
10,415
6,026
2,553
2,312
1,863
2.721
13,885
7,189
8,587
8,033
7.703
4,510
21,147
28,647
5,985
4,934
5,276
14,470
15,542
4,450
18,605
28,400
6,665
5,231
17.120
11,290
20,383
12.285
9,235
652
9,124
16,894
18,664
548
605
Olean
$566,279
$1,066,922
$1,548,109
$1.775,967
$2,646,181
$3,273,899
$2,805,077
$2,748,212
$1,838,836
Collected at Port Byron. At Newport. Office abolished in 1857. << At Saratoga, Ft. Miller, Ft. Edward, and Ft. Ann.
Number of Clearances issued from 1833 to 1858, both inclusive, on the Several Canals.
g
e
5
A
>
i
N
TEAR.
e
i 1
w
i
1
<i
3
5
.
Q
1
"i
a
o
c
i
ii
I'-
|
i
8
li
6
1
s
i
66
ll
R
1833
21,841
5,938
3,739
1,086
253
153
48,740
1834
29,441
7,159
6,867
1,891
1,247
896
63,726
1835
30,963
7,438
7,763
1,693
1,802
1,075
69.078
1836
31,837
6.752
6,870
1.730
1,951
1,179
67,255
1837
29,511
5.967
6,651
1,385
1,704
998
517
62,273
1838
30,282
5,582
7.864
1,361
1,629
958
1,069
64,796
1839
33,454
5.804
8,456
1,213
1.624
930
880
68,296
1840
35,231
5.871
7.472
1,223
1,553
814
762
478
69,133
1841
36,333
6,067
9,125
1,421
2,595
890
1,039
1,096
574
75,990
1842
31.529
4,709
6,877
1.397
8,361
731
815
1,595
1,101
67.515
1843
32,529
4,303
7.948
1,068
2,469
964
968
1,809
1,250
69,720
1844
32.216
4.911
10,204
1,249
3.050
976
1,128
2,045
......
1,237
76,409
1845
35.142
5,128
10.296
1,449
3,696
1.495
1,189
3,223
1.260
81,629
1846
93.276
6,605
11,067
1,881
3.699
1,278
1,207
2,366
1,089
Sy.9.'!fi
1847
46.255
6.937
12,838
1,814
4,440
1,300
1,477
2.283
......
1,307
104.478
1848
43.829
6.454
12,406
1,932
4,569
1,184
1.545
2,389
......
1.677
98,325
1849
37,507
6,996
7.861
969
3,843
1,025
989
2,le2
2,034
......
85,648
1850
39,115
6,958
7,751
886
3,839
1,042
1,295
2.225
393
89,124
1851
41.563
6,766
8.071
1,056
3,828
916
907
2,037
530
695
92.926
1852
39.177
7.714
7,844
954
3,999
827
1.603
2.014
609
1,187
93,842
1853
39,621
9,865
9.129
1.016
5.019
916
1,762
2,897
674
1.373
100,148
1854
41.462
7,781
13.316
1,857
6,630
705
1,899
2,968
817
2.563
49l'
104.902
1855
40,850
7,421
12.248
1.971
5.267
760
1.954
2,434
933
2.393
470
97.856
1856
35,514
7.625
14,827
2.439
5,982
752
1,923
2.333
834
3.177
494
98,214
1857
31.307
7,754
10,133
2,U97
5.909
261
1,906
2.405
900
1.289
80.309
1858
28,849
8,80T
13,538
1,740
5.105
534
1.532
2,314
868
1.339
80,985
CANALS.
57
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Oswego Canal.
Cayuga d. Seneca Canal.
Chemung Canal.
Crooked Lake Canal.
Chenango Canal.
Genesee. Valley Canal.
Oneida Lake Canal.
Sfneca River Towing
Path.
Oneida River Improve-
ment.
Cayitga Inlet.
Black River Canal.
BaldswinsviUe Canal.
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03
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tlie Erie Canal, connecting the Hudson with Lake Erie, was commenced at Rome, July 4,
1817, and was completed Oct. 26, 1825. As first constructed, it was 363 mi. long, 28 ft. wide at
the bottom, 40 ft. wide at the top, and 4 ft. deep. The locks were 90 ft. long between the gates, and
15 ft. wide. The original cost of the whole was $7,143,789. 86. :
The number of boats upon the canals at different periods has
been in 1843, 2,136; in 1844, 2,126; in 1847, 2.725; in 1853,
3,401 ; and in 1859, about 3,500. The following numbers of new
boats have been registered :
1844, 378
1845, 297
1846, 477
1847, 1,466
1848, 457
1849, 215
1853, 590
1854, 760
1855, 471
1856, 364
1857, 329
1858, 255
1850, 152
1851, 213
1852, 271
Some opinion may be formed of the class of boats used from
the numbers built. These were, in 1857, of scows, 106; decked
scows, 23; lake boats, 95; bullheads, 102; and packets,
3. None of the last named were built in 1858 ; and the day for
traveling upon the canals may be considered as virtually passed,
unless steam canal boats now being introduced into use prove
successful competitors in speed with steam upon railroads.
The largest boat registered in 1844 was 90 tons. In 1849, somo
were as high as 135 tons ; in 1850, 170 tons ; in 1853, 250 tons ;
and in 1858, 300 tons. The average tonnage of boats has been
as follows :
1849 76
1850 80
1851 87
1852 88
1853 97
1854 105
1855 102
1856 107
1857 114
1858 109
General average 100
Structures upon the New York State Canals at the close of 1857.
1
Cliamplain
Canal and
Feeder.
Chenango
Canal.
Black River
Canal and
Improvement.
,S
1*
II
1
(2
1
Oneida River
Improvement.
Seneca River
Improvement.
a
J
ll
el
Crooked Lake
Canal.
Uhemung
Canal and
feeder.
Genesee Valley
Canal and
Side Cut.
Total.
Lift Locks .
76
39
116
110
7
18
2
1
12
27
53
113
574
4
6
1
1
5
1
1
1
3
23
5
5
35
4
19
5
4
17
84
^V-icifH \Veira
49
23
21
12
5
3
6
10
34
163
243
27
52
18
2
5
1
2
2
103
455
3
3
52
36
2
11
1
3
13
27
103
75
40
1
1
1
16
102
13
1
11
27
16
9
Total Bridges 6
509
140
212
77
3
23
1
3
41
14
59
214
1,296
Dams*
10
8
12
1
8
1
5
1
5
51
a Double locks, side by side, are couuted as one. The number
upon the Erie Canal, when completed, will be two less, by dis-
pensing with those now at Montezuma.
* Farm bridges are gradually lessening in number, as the
claims of individuals are from time to time commuted, or the
damages appraised from failure to rebuild them. The principal
increase of bridges is in cities and villages, from the opening of
new streets; and iu these localities permanent iron bridges are
now generally built upon the principal thoroughfares.
' Of the 10 dams in the first column, 8 are feeder dams.
i Plans for improving the navigation of the Mohawk were
proposed in 1725, but nothing was done to this end till March
30. 1792, when the " Western Inland Navigation Company" was
incorporated, with powers to improve the channel and build
canals and locks to Lake Ontario and Seneca Lake. The cost to
Oneida Lake was estimated at 39,500. This work consisted
mainly of the following :
1st. A canal at Little Falls, 4,752 feet long, of which 2,550 feet
were through solid rock. Upon it were 5 locks, with a total
rise of 44i feet. 2d. A canal 1 miles long, with a lock, at Wolf
Rift. German Flats. 3d. A caual, 1J miles long, at Rome, con-
necting the Mohawk with Wood Creek : and, 4th. four locks upon
Wood Creek, with a total depth of 'J5 feet. The work was begun
at Little Falls, in 1793. but the want of funds delayed the work
until 1794, when a subscription of 200 shares was obtained from
the State. Boats first passed the canal and locks at this place
Nov. 17, 1795, and on that day and the next 8 large and 102
small boats were passed, at a toll of 80 10s, exclusive of 9 that
passed free the first day. The chambers of the locks were 74
by 12 feet, and allowed boats of 32 tons to pass : but other im-
pediments limited boats to a burden of 10 or 11 tons. Light
boats could go from Schenectady to Fort Stanwix and back in 9
days ; but the larger boats required 14 days to make the trip. In
1793, Wood Creek was cleared out. and 13 isthmuses were cut
across, shortening the channel 7 miles. In 1796, boats passed
through to Oneida Lake; and the work, in 1797, had cost
$400.000, of which the State paid $92,000. The great cost re-
quired high tolls; and in 1812 but 300 boats passed, with 1,500
tons, at Little Falls. Tne company gave up its rights west of
Oneida Lake in 1808, and sold out to the State, in 1820, for
$152.718.52. Report of Weston, the Engineer, 1796; Spafford's
Gazdttrr. 1813 ; Hist. JV. Y. Oinalf, II, 40.
It is entirely uncertain who originated the first idea of con-
structing a chain of water communication through the State.
All of the early efforts were directed to effecting a passage
through the Mohawk, Wood Creek. Oneida Lake, and Oswego
River to Lake Ontario. The Western connection was sought
by locking around Niagara Falls. In 1800, Gouverneur Morris
first suggested the idea of a direct canal from Lake Erie to the
Hudson, through the center of the State. His plan was to tap
Lake Erie, and have a continuous slope from the lake to the
high land that borders upon the Hudson, and a series of locks
thence to the river. In 1803 he stated the outline of his plan to
the Surveyor-General, Simeon De Witt, who looked upon it as
chimerical. The next year Mr. De Witt, in a conversation ith
James Geddes, then a land surveyor of Onondaga county, stated
the plan of Mr. Morris as one of the impracticable schemes
which had been advanced. Mr. Geddes, however, looked at the
matter in a different light, and, after some little reflection, he
concluded that the plan, with some modifications, was by far
the best that had yet been suggested. He counseled with Jesse
Hawley upon the subject and the latter, convinced of the feasi-
bility of the project, Ttrote a series of papers which were pub-
lished in the Genesee Messenger from Oct. 1807, to March, 1808.
These essays were signed " Hercules," and were the first ever
printed in favor of the Erie Canal. In 1808, Joshua Forman,
an intimate associate of Mr. Geddes. then a member of the As-
sembly, introduced a resolution for the survey of a canal route,
to the end that Congress might be led to grant moneys for the
construction of a canal. The sum of $600 was granted for
surveys under the direction of the Surveyor-General. James
Geddes was intrusted with this service, and was directed to level
down from Oneida Lake to the mouth of Salmon Creek, to ascer-
tain whether a canal could be opened from Oswego Falls to Lake
Ontario and to survey the best route for a canal around Niagara
Falls. He was also directed to survey a route eastward from
Lake Erie to Genesee River, and thence to the waters flowing
east into Seneca Lake. He finished this work, and made a
report showing the practicability of the last named route and
its great superiority over the others which had been proposed.
This report at once excited general attention, and secured the
influence of De Witt Clinton, then a member of the Senate, and
many other prominent men. In 1810, commissioners, at the
head of whom was De Witt Clinton, were appointed to explore
a canal route through the center of the State. On the 8th of
April, 1811. an act was passed to provide for the improvement
of the internal navigation of the State, and efforts were made to
obtain aid from the General Government, but without success.
The report of the commissioners stated the importance of this
measure with such force and eloquence that a law was passed
the next year continuing the commissioners, and authorizing
them to borrow and deposit money, and take cessions of land, for
the proposed canal; but the war suspended active operations.
The project, however, continued to be discussed, and an act was
passed on the 17th of April, 1816, providing for a definite survey.
The canal was begun at Rome, July 4, 1817, and on the 22d of
October, 1819. the first boat passed from Utica to Rome.
The completion of the canal was celebrated by extraordinary
CANALS.
59
The enlargement of this canal was ordered May 11, 1835, and has been going on more or less
rapidly since, except during a few years of suspension commencing under Gov. Wright's adminis-
tration. It was estimated by the State Engineer and Surveyor, in Jan., 1859, that $1,565,077.75
would complete the enlargement upon the present plan, making the total cost of that work
$23,000,000. The length of the Erie Canal when enlarged will be reduced to 349.74 mi. Its sec-
tion gives a breadth of 70 ft. at the surface of the water, 52J ft. at the bottom, and a depth of 7 ft.
civic and military ceremonies throughout the State, and espe-
cially in New York City, on the 4th of Nov. 1825. As the first
boat, with Governor Clinton on board, entered the canal, at
Buffalo, at 10 o'clock, (Oct 26,) a line of cannon, previously ar-
ranged a few miles apart, passed a signal along to Albany, and
down the Hudson to Sandy Hook, from whence it was returned
in like manner. The signal was heard at New York, at 11.20.
The flotilla with the Governor was everywhere greeted with en-
thusia^tic rejoicing. Upon reaching New York i.t passed down
to Sandy Hook, and the waters of the lake were mingled with
those of the ocean with imposing ceremonies.
The Canal Commissioners under whom the Erie and Cham-
plain Canals were constructed, were Stephen Van Rensselaer, De
Witt Clinton, Joseph Ellicott, Samuel Young, and Myron
Holley. Henry Seymour was appointed in place of Ellicott in
March, 1819, and William C. Bouck was added to the number in
March, 1821. The chief engineers were James Geddes, of Onon-
daga co., and Benjamin Wright, of Rome, neither of whom had
ever seen a canal, or enjoyed means of acquiring a practical
knowledge of engineering other than that obtained from survey-
ing land. The precision with which their canal surveys were
executed, under the circumstances, may be regarded as truly
wonderful. Among the assistant engineers were Peacock,
David Thomas. Nathan S. Roberts, David S. Bates, Canvass
White, Davis Hurd, Noah Dennis, Charles T. Whippo, William
Jerome, Henry G. Sargent, Frederick C. Mills, Isaac J.Thomas,
Henry Farnam, Alfred Barrett, John Bates, William H. Price,
John Hopkins, and Seymour Skiff.
The Canal Board have adopted the following table of distances from place to place upon the Erie Canal. The elevations
above tide are those shown by the lockages, and do not take into account the descent given to cause a flow of water between
locks, which does not vary much from an inch to a mile. The long level is supposed to be perfectly uniform in elevation above
tide.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations above Tide on the Erie Canal.
PLACES.
Miles from
place to place.
Miles from
Albany.
<
li
^i
Elevation
abme tide,
in feet.
PLACES.
u
v
li
sa
11
*i
^c 1
* fc
g
^
So
II
M
Iteration
above tide,
in feet.
Albany
7
4
3
12
4
10
6
6
2
3
6
3
3
3
5
2
4
5
8
3
3
5
4
3
1
3
8
6
4
1
1
3
3
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
4
1
2
4
2
1
5
2
3
1
7
7
11
14
26
30
40
46
51
63
56
62
65
68
71
76
78
82
87
95
98
101
106
110
113
114
117
125
131
135
136
137
140
143
145
149
150
151
152
154
155
158
159
161
165
166
168
172
174
175
180
182
185
186
352
345
345
341
338
326
322
312
306
301
299
296
290
287
284
281
276
274
270
265
257
254
251
246
242
239
238
235
227
221
217
216
215
212
209
207
203
202
201
200
198
197
194
193
191
187
186
184
180
178
177
172
170
167
166
188
269.5
295
301
309
360
403
424
427
427
400
407
4
2
2
5
6
5
4
3
3
3
1
3
6
4
3
2
3
1
3
2
1
2
3
3
7
3
2
3
3
2
5
3
1
1
4
2
1
3
4
3
3
4
1
1
1
2
3
5
2
5
3
4
8
1
3
190
192
194
199
205
210
214
217
220
223
224
227
232
236
239
241
244
245
248
250
251
253
256
259
266
269
271
274
277
279
284
287
288
289
293
295
296
299
303
306
309
313
314
315
316
318
321
326
328
333
336
340
348
349
352
162
160
158
15?
147
142
138
135
132
129
128
125
120
116
113
111
108
107
104
102
101
99
96
93
86
83
81
78
75
73
68
65
64
63
69
67
56
63
49
46
43
39
38
37
36
34
31
26
24
19
16
12
4
3
402
391
397
410
445
462
471
509
565
West Troy
Centerport
Junction
Cohoes
Crescent
Pitt Lock
Upper Aqueduct
Clyde
Schenectady
Hoffmans Ferry
Port Jackson
Schoharie Creek
Auriesville
Fultonville
Yatesville
Sprakers
Canajoharie
Fort Plain
St. Johnsville
Mindenville
East Canada Creek
Little Falls
Mohawk ;
Pittsford
Ilion
Lock No 65
Frankfort
Fergusons
Utica
York Mills
Whitesboro
Oriskany
Rome
New London
Higginsville
Holley
Dunbarton
Loomis
Durhamville
Lenox
Canastota
New Boston Landing
Canaseraga Landing
Chittenango
Bolivar
Pools Brook
Kirkville
Manlius
Limestone Feeder
Orville Feeder
Lodi
Millards
Syracuse
Geddes
Bellisle
Nine Mile Creek
Camillus
Martinsville
Canton
Peru
Jordan
Cold Spring
Buffalo
60
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The number of locks will be 74, or 10 less than the original number. 1 The banks of the enlarged
canal are protected from washing by slope walls, consisting of stone firmly packed upon the sloping
sides. The canal will allow the passage of boats of 200 to 250 tons burden. Steam has been
introduced to some extent in propelling boats, and the success of the experiment has been so great
that probably steam power will ultimately supersede horse power.
The Champlain Canal, extending from the Erie Canal, near Cohoes, to Lake Cham-
plain, was begun June 10, 1818, finished to Waterford Nov. 28, 1822, and completed Sep. 10, 1823,
at an original cost of $875,000, exclusive of the feeder to Glens Falls. It is 64 mi. long and has
a navigable feeder of 7 mi. to Glens Falls, with a slackwater navigation 5 mi. further upon the
Hudson. 2
The Chenango Canal, 8 connecting the Erie Canal at Utica with the Susquehanna River
at Binghamton, was authorized Feb. 23, 1833. It is 97 mi. lopg exclusive of 13| mi. of feeders,
none of which are navigable.
The Black River Canal and Erie Canal Feeder extends from Rome up the
valley of the Mohawk and of Lansing Kil to Boonville, and thence it descends the valley of Black
River to a point below the High Falls. From the latter point is a river navigation 42 mi. to Car-
1 The chambers of the enlarged locks are 110 by 18 feet, and
their lift varies from 3 to 15J feet. The caual leaves Lake Erie
at Buffalo, follows the river bank to Black Kock, and communi
cates with the dam at that place. At a point 10 mi. below Buf-
falo it enters Tonawanda Creek, follows its channel 12 mi., and
crosses thence, through a rock cutting, to the brow of the
mountain ridge, at Lockport, where it descends 55.83 feet by 5
combined locks. It continues thence, eastward, from 1 to 3 mi.
B. of the ridge road, to Rochester, crosses the Genesee upon a stone
aqueduct, makes acircuitous sweep across the Irondequoit valley,
along the top of a natural range of hills, and finally delivers the
waters of Lake Erie into Seneca River, after supplying 153 mi.
of the Erie Canal, and affording a large amount of water-power
at various points along its course. It then rises by 2 locks,
descends into the Onondaga valley by 1 lock, and then rises by
3 locks to the long level which extends from Syracuse to Utica,
from whence it descends the Mohawk valley, mostly on its s.
side, to the Hudson. Below Schenectady, it twice crosses the
Mohawk, upon stone aqueducts. It is continued down the
bank of the Hudson to Albany, where it terminates in a spa-
cious basin. At West Troy it also opens into the Hudson. The
total lockages going w. are 612.9 feet up, and 43.5 feet down, or
a total of 656.4 feet. The canal is fed by numerous streams
along its course, and by 9 reservoirs, all of which, with a single
exception, are upon the middle division. They are as follows :
RESERVOIRS.
Acres in
area.
Elevation
above, canal,
in feet.
.e
Si
Length of
feeders in mi.
Erieville
340
46
21 i
20
Hatchs Lake
134
15
10
08ft
Eatons Brook
254
60
60
g
Bradley Brook.
134
30
25
3
Leland Pond
173
13
g
i
Woodmans Lake
148
18
11
JL
235
65
45
2
8 320
9
1 778
41
10
Total
11,516
150|
o Built in 1857, at a cost of $10,884.73. In Nelson, Madison
CO.
* Leads to Bradley Brook reservoir.
Leads to Eaton Brook feeder.
Besides these are the reservoirs upon the Black River Canal,
which is itself but a feeder to the long level of the Erie Canal.
Several of the feeders to the middle and western divisions of the
Erie Canal are navigable for short distances. Connected with
the. canal at Buffalo are Main and Hamburg street canals, the
Clark and Skinner Canal, the Ohio basin, and several slips con-
nected with the canal, and a ship-lock channel at Black Rock.
At Tonawanda is a side-cut for a river-lock.
*A company styled the "Northern Inland Navigation Co."
was formed at the same time as the Western Co. ; but failed to
raise funds to accomplish its objects. A natural water commu-
nication, interrupted by portages, extended along the route of
this canal, which was used by the natives with their canoes.
The canal was built of the same dimensions as the Erie. It
crosses the Mohawk in a pond formed by a dam 1.700 feet in
length, and follows near the w. bank of the Hudson to Schuyler-
vi'.le, where it crosses into Washington CO. by another dam 700
feet long, and continues near the east bank to Fort Edward.
Here it leaves the river and crosses to the valley of Wood Creek,
and thence, partly in the bed of that stream, to Whitehall.
When this canal was first opened slackwater navigation upon
the Hudson was used 8 miles above and 3 miles below Fort
Miller, with a short canal and 2 locks around the falls at that
place. It was fed from the Hudson by means of a high and
costly dam near Fort Edward. The use of the channel of the
Hudson is now entirely superseded by a canal along its bank,
built in 1826-27 ; and the high dam has given place to a feeder to a
point above Glens Falls, where there is a dam 770 feet long and
12 feet high. The feeder enters the canal at the summit level,
li miles N. E. from Fort Edward. The canal communicates
with the Hudson above the State dam at Waterford by a side-
cut with 3 locks. It has 7 locks between the lake and the sum-
mit, with 54 feet total lift, and 14 locks, with a total of 134 feet,
between the Summit and the Hudson at Waterfurd. The locks
on this canal are being enlarged to a capacity of 15} by 100 feet.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Champlain Canal.
PLACES.
c ft,
.3
*? U
^"a,
1*
1-8
*3^
Miles from
Whitehall.
Feet above tide.
71
West Troy
7
7
64
7
64
25
Waterford
3
10
61
65
g
18
63
Stillwater Village
4
22
49
2
24
47
Wilburs Basin
2
26
45
Tan Deusene Landing
5
31
40
Schuylerville
3
34
37
100
2
36
35
110
Fort Miller
3
39
32
131
3
42
29
Fort Edward.
5
47
24
140
Glens Falls Feeder
2
49
22
150
1
50
21
Smiths Basiu
5
55
16
Fort Ann
4
69
12
4
63
g
Whitehall...
8
71
96
Champlain Canal....
Sandy Hill
Glens Falls ,
Head of the Feeder..
Head of the Pond...
Glens Palls Feeder.
PI *rp<i
^PLACES. place ta place.
2
3
2
5
Total 12
8 This canal is supplied by Chenango River and 6 reservoirs,
viz., Madison Brook, Woodmans Pond, Lelands Pond. Bradleys
Brook, Hatches Lake, and Eaton Brook Reservoirs, allof which
are in the south part of Madison co. The canal extends across
to and up the valley of Oriskany Creek to the summit level, and
down the valley of Chenango River. It was begun in 1833 and
finished In 1837, at a cost of $1,737.703. From Utica to the
Summit it rises 706 feet by 76 locks, and from thence it descends
303 feet by 38 locks to the Susquehanna. Of its 114 locks. 2 are
stone and the remainder composite. Upon the feeders are 12
road and 18 farm bridges.
CANALS.
61
thage, on the line of Jefferson co. At Boonville the canal receives a navigable feeder 12 mi. long,
which derives its water from Black River. Length of main canal 36.62 mi., of feeders 12.48 mi.,
and of reservoirs 12.95 mi. 1
The Oneida Lake Canal 2 connects the Erie Canal at Higginsville (3| mi.) with Wood
Creek, and by slackwater, 2 J mi. on that stream, with Oneida Lake, a total distance of 6 mi., and
a descent of 56 ft.
Tlie Oswego Canal, extending from Syracuse to Oswego, was authorized Nov. 20, 1824.
A loan of $160,000 was allowed April 20, 1825 ; it was begun in 1826, and was completed in 1828,
at a cost of $525,115. s It is 38 mi. long and includes 19 mi. of slackwater navigation in Oswego
and Seneca Rivers, with a towing path on the E. bank. Connected with this work are the Oneida.
River Improvement, extending the whole length of that stream from Three River Point
to Fort Brewerton, at the outlet of Oneida Lake; the Seneca River Improvement, ex-
tending from Mud Lock, on the Oswego Canal, to Baldwinsville, by slackwater navigation ; and
Stations, instances, and Elevations upon the Ckenango Canal.
PLACES.
Milts from
place to place.
<.
II
SlS
Miles from
Binghampton .
Feet above tide.
Xjtica
97
427
Road leading from New Hart-
3
3
94
6
9
88
572
6
14
83
775
Oriskany Falls
5
19
78
956
3
22
75
1,109
2
24
73
1,128
2
26
71
4
30
67
1,112
2
32
65
4
36
61
1,078
5
41
56
1,033
4
45
52
1,018
2
47
50
4
61
46
996
Oxford
9
60
37
958
Haynes Mill
10
70
27
4
74
23
924
Forks
g
82
15
881
2
84
13
Port Crane
5
89
8
1
90
7
Binghamton
7
97
814
l This canal was authorized April 19, 1836, and began the next
summer. The summit level is 693 feet above the canal at Rome,
to which it descends by 70 locks. Northward the canal descends
386 feet, by 39 locks. The feeder has but one level. The State
has caused reservoirs to be formed by damming the outlet of
Woodhull, Chub, North and South Branch, and other lakes in
Herkimer co. The Eight Lakes near the source of Moose River
are available as reservoirs to supply Black River with water,
withdrawn to feed the canal southward.
Table of the principal Lakes which are used or available as
reservoirs.
LAKES.
Area in
acres.
Feet above
tide.
Chnb Lake _
630
1,599
Sand "
1,793
Mud "
1,799
Woodhull Lake ,
1,236
1,854
South Branch
618
2,019
North "
423
1,821
2,188
Moose "
1,772
First "
403
1,684
Second " _
175
1,684
Third "
166
1,684
Fourth "
1,979
1,687
Fifth "
g
1,691
Sixth "
53
1,760
Seventh"
1,609
1,762
Eighth "
309
1,776
In September, 1857, the Canal Board abandoned its plans for
Improving the channel of Black River by wing-dams and piers,
and ordered a dam and lock to be built at the mouth of Otter
Creek. The river has no towing path, and boats are towed by
steamers. The State has built a dam and bridge at Carthage,
and the piers of two other bridges, of which the superstructure
is built by the towns.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Black River
Canal.
PLACES.
Miles from
place to place.
Miles from
Rome.
|1
3l
^3
Feet above tide.
2
3
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
1
2
3 mil
5 '
B
'
2 '
2
5
6
9
11
13
14
16
17
19
21
23
25
28
29
32
33
35
a fro
*
<
c
35
33
30
29
26
24
22
21
19
18
16
14
12
10
7
6
3
2
m Bo<
E
427
595
643
683
783
1,130
1,120
892
734
inville.
u
a
u
Ridge Mills
Lock No. 7
Lock No 31
Lock No. 70
Little Falls, Black River
Lock No. 97
Boonville Feeder
A. Lee's, on "
R. B. Miller's, on "
State Dam, on " 1
Head of Reservoir 1
1 This canal was completed in the fall of 1835 by a company
incorporated March 22, 1832 as the "Oneida Lake Canal Co."
The company having to use the waters of the Krle Canal from
the long level, were required to supply an equivalent amount.
A feeder was constructed 5 miles west, drawing its waters from
Oneida Creek. It is 2 miles long, and not navigable. The
company had authority to extend its improvements 4 miles up
Wood Creek, but nothing was ever done in that direction. By
an act of May 11, 1840, the Canal Commissioners were authorized
to purchase it at a cost not exceeding $50,000, which was done
April 12, 1841, and State stock bearing 5 per cent, interest, and
redeemable in 10 years, was issued In payment. The first cost
of the canal and feeder was $78,824.85.
This canal forms an important link in the internal water
communication of the State, extending navigation from the
Erie Canal to Oneida Lake, and by the Oneida Outlet to the
Oswego Canal and River. Before the Erie Canal was built the
Oneida Lake route was the great thoroughfare for the transporta-
tion of goods westward.
8 The act did not originally authorize a connection with the
Erie Canal, but only a communication with Onondaga Lake.
The connection was recommended by the commissioners in 1827,
and it was authorized soon after. This canal has a fall of 123
feet by 18 locks.
The Oneida River Improvement has 2 steamboat locks, one
of 3 and one of 3i feet lift, 120 feet long and 30 wide, passing
boats drawing 4 feet of water. It also has one dam and on*
draw bridge at Oak Orchard and Brewerton.
62
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
thence by a canal three-fourths of a mile long, with one lift and one guard lock, and by slack-
water on the Seneca River to Jacks Reef.
Cayuga and Seneca Canal connects the Erie Canal at Montezuma with Cayuga Lake at
East Cayuga and with Seneca Lake at Geneva. About half of the canal is formed by slackwater
navigation upon Seneca River, and the remainder is a channel parallel to the river. As enlarged,
this canal admits the passage of large boats from the Erie Canal to the head of Cayuga and Seneca
Lakes. 1
Crooked Lake Canal connects Crooked Lake at Penn Yan with Seneca Lake at Dresden. 3
Chemung Canal and Feeder connects Seneca Lake at Watkins with Chemung River
at Elmira, with a navigable feeder from Knoxville on Chemung River to Horseheads, on the
summit level of the Chemung Canal, including slackwater navigation from the dam and guard
lock at Gibson to Knoxville. 3
The Genesee Valley Canal extends from Rochester up the Genesee Valley to Olean
upon the Allegany. The summit level is 978 ft. above Rochester and 86 ft. above the Allegany
River, at Olean, and from it 97 locks descend toward the N. and 9 toward the s.*
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Oswego Canal.
PLACES.
8
g a,
Miles from
Syracuse.
if
11
38
400
2
2
36
3
5
33
368
2
7
31
Cold Spring
1
g
30
5
13
25
Three River Point
2
15
23
17
358
3
20
18
Ox Creek
3
23
15
Fulton
4
27
11
345
4
31
7
4
35
3
306
1
36
fl
2
38
243
Oneida River Improvement.
PLACES.
Three River Point.
Peter Scott Creek...
Oak Orchard
Caughanoy
Brewerton
Total.
Mnd Lock
Baldwinsville..
Jack's Reef.....
Seneca River Improvement.
Miles from
place to place.
4
4
7
5
20
Total.,
6
12
18
1 Cayuga and Seneca Canal Stations and Distances.
PLACES. HiUsfrom
Montezuma
Seneca River
S. Dermont's
Seneca Falls
Chamberlain's Mills....
Waterloo
Teal's
Geneva
Lateral Canal to East.,
Cayuga
place to place.
6
2
3
2
2
5
2
2
Total.,
23
The Seneca Lock Navigation Co. was incorporated April 6,
1813, for the purpose of improving the outlet of Seneca and
Cayuga Lakes; and the Cayuga and Seneca Canal Co. was char-
tered April 20, 1815. Its capital was increased in 1816 to $60,000,
and in 1817 a further call of 25 per cent, upon the original stock
was authorized, including a like extension of payment on stock
held by the State. The proposition for assuming this work by the
State was approved in 1825. and the interest of the company was
purchased for $33,867.18, exclusive of the amount owned by the
State. The work was begun in 1826, and finished in 1828, at a
cost of $214,000. The inlet to Cayuga Lake is navigable lj
miles to Ithaca. The locks of this canal are all enlarged, ex-
cepting one at Chamberlain's Dam, which will be dispensed
with so as to include the distance from Seneca Falls to Waterloo
in one level. The descent from Geneva to Montezuma is 74 feet
by 12 locks.
2 The survey of this canal was authorized by the Legislature
in 1828. The canal was ordered to be built by an act of April
11, 1829. It was begun in 1830 and finished in 1833. It has a
descent of 269 feet by 27 locks. It extends water communica-
tion to the various ports upon Crooked Lake.
PLACES.
Crooked Lake Canal Stations and Distances.
Miles from
place to place.
Dresden -
Mallory's 3
Andrews and Ways 2
Penn Yan 2
Crooked Lake 1
Total..
8
3 This canal was authorized April 15, 1829, and its construc-
tion was begun in that year and finished in 1833. The total
lockages on both the canal and feeder are 516 feet by 53 locks, and
the original cost was $344,000. From Corning, the Blossburg &
Corning R. R. ascends into the bituminous coal region of TioR.i
co., Penn., and this article forms a very important item in the
business of the canal. It also communicates with the Erie
R. R. The Junction Canal, a private enterprise connecting the
Chemung Canal at Elmira with the North Branch Canal of
Penn. at Athens, 19 mi. 8., promises to become an important
tributary to the trade of this canal by opening access to the
coal region. The diversion of Chemung River into our canals
has been made a subject of complaint and remonstrance by the
State of Penn. Plans have been proposed for using Mud Lake,
(459 acres) and Little Lake, (708| acres,) in Tyrone, as reser-
voirs to relieve this canal from the inconvenience felt in dry
seasons from low water.
Chemung Canal and Feeder Stations and Distances.
Feeder.
PLACES. MILES.
Horseheads
Miller's Basin. 7
Dam at head of Feeder. . 7
Knoxville 2
PLACES. MILES.
Seneca Lake
Havana 4
Millport 6
Horseheadi 7
Elmira 6
Knoxville 22
Total.... ... 47
Total 16
* This canal was authorized by act of May 6, 1836, and was
begun the same year. The portion from the Junction to
Rochester and the Dansville side-cut, in all 52 miles, were
finished in 1840; to Oramel, 36 miles further, with the Genesee
Feeder at that place, in 1851; to Belfast, 2 miles, in 1853; to
Rockville, 3 miles, in 1854, and to Olean, 24 miles, in 1856. A
section of one mile, with 2 lift locks and 2 bridges, still remains
to be finished.
The repairs of the first and second sections of this canal were
put under contract for five years in Dec. 1855, the former for
$8,440 and the latter for $13,900 pgr annum. In consequence
of heavy freshets and unexpected damages, the contractor on
the first section abandoned his contract in June, 1857.
An act passed, 1857, authorized the extension of this canal
from Olean eastward across Olean Creek and the bottom lands
along the N. bank of the Allegany to its entrance into Mill Grove
Pond, 6.52 miles.
CANALS.
63
Besides the foregoing navigable improvements by the State, the following have been placed
under the direction of the Canal Commissioner for construction :
Tlie Owasco Lake Improvement, ordered in 1852, and designed to make this lake a
reservoir for supplying a water power for the machinery in Auburn State Prison. 1
The draining of Cayupra Marshes, for reclaiming a large amount of land, estimated
at 40,000 acres, at the outlet of Cayuga Lake and along Seneca Kiver. By an act of April 12,
1853, the channel of the river was ordered to be lowered, and the lands benefitted to be taxed for
the expense. Surveys have been made and the work partly accomplished under the direction of
the Canal Commissioners. 2
Several companies have been incorporated for the purpose of constructing navigable canals, but,
with two or three exceptions, none of these have at present a corporate existence.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal, extending from Kondout on the Hudson to Hones-
dale, Penn v is the most important of these. It is connected with the Laekawanna coal region by a
K. R. 16 mi. long, and is one of the principal routes by which coal is brought to the market upon
the Hudson. 8
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Genesee raUey Canal.
PLACES.
fl
a,
^
_> c
^i
Miles from
Rochester.
I
S
^0
Feet above
tide.
2
6
4
8
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
5
5
2
4
2
5
1
4
6
1
2
2
3
1
4
5
6
1
7
2
8
12
20
22
24
26
29
30
32
33
34
36
37
41
46
61
53
57
59
64
65
69
75
76
78
80
83
84
88
93
99
100
107
107
105
99
95
87
85
83
81
78
77
75
74
73
71
70
66
61
56
54
50
48
43
42
38
32
31
29
27
24
23
19
14
8
7
507
537
557
564
589
600
796
947
1,132
1A52
1,222
1,315
1,410
1,485
1,399
Rapids (Lock No 1)
Piffardinia --
Genesee Falls (Tunnel section)
Lock No 61
Mixville Landing, Wiscoy Feeder..
Belfast
Cuba
Olean ....
Dansville Branch.
PLACES.
Shaker Settlement-
Fitzhugh's Basin
Kysorville
Rock Spring
Sherwoods Landing.....
Steam Sawmill
McNairs Landing
Woodville
Commonsville
Dansville
Total...
Miles from
place to place.
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1 This work was 2 years in charge of the A gent of the State
Prison and the Mayor of Auburn, but in 1855 it was placed in
the hands of the Canal Commissioners. The work, up to 1857,
was greatly injured by a Spring flood. From 1852 to 1857 in-
clusive, $33,485 had been appropriated for this work.
2 In 1824, and several times afterward, the drainage of these
marshes was made the subject of legislative enactment, but
without other results than surveys. A concise history of this
movement is given in Senate Doc. 35, 1853. The work was
placed in 1853 under the direction of George Geddes, and up to
1858, $175,000 had been appropriated and mostly expended.
Report Canal Commissioners, 1858, p. 110.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company was incorporated
April 23, 1823, with a capital of $1,500,000, with the right of
using $50,000 in banking until 1844. The credit of the State
was loaned for $800,000, in stock, bearing interest of 4J or 5 per
cent. The canal was begun in July, 1825, and opened for use in
Oct. 1828. Its length from Rondout to Port Jervis, on the Dela-
ware, is 59 miles ; and from Port Jervis, up the Delaware to the
mouth of the Lakawaxen, 24 miles. It crosses the river at tho
latter place, and extends 26 miles further to Honesdale. Its
highest summit between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers is 585
feet above tide. Its descent to the Delaware is 80 feet; its rise
along the Delaware is 148 feet; and its rise between the Delaware
and Honesdale 187 feet. The aggregate number of locks is 107,
and the total rise and fall is 950 feet. The railroad to the coal
mines is also owned by the Canal Company. The original cost
of the New York section of the canal was $1,424.994, and of the
Penn. section $612,123. The company own most of the boats
used upon the canal, and conduct the mining operations at Car-
bondale. Present capital, $7,500,000. The canal was originally
constructed to afford 4 feet of depth, and to accommodate boats
of 30 tons. In Sept., 1842. a plan of enlargement was adopted,
and 5 feet of water was obtained, accommodating boats of 40 tons
each. In 1851 a further enlargement was completed, obtaining
6 feet of water, and accommodating boats of 120 tons. The
locks are now constructed with a single gate at the upper end,
which turns down upon hinges like a door. It is found to be
very serviceable, and much quicker to operate than the double
gate.
Annual Receipts of Tolls on the Delaware and Hudson Canal
since its completion.
1830
$16,422,44
1845
$25.880.92
1831
20,554,64
1846
26,068.65
1832
28 717,51
1847
38,971.34
1833
37,004,58
1848
46,548.54
1834
36 946 07
1849
34,817.95
1835
41,154.73
1850
97.999.15
1836
45,154.73
1851 -.
158,441.96
1837
44 832.42
1852
293,174.67
1838
40,328.38
1853
378,479.83
1839
40 095.26
1854
587,349.52
1840
35,450.46
1855
652,362.94
1841
39 388 19
1856
583.737.86
1842
33,894.93
1857
435,198.44
1843
30 996 53
1858
1844
33,525.61
64
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Distances on the Delaware and Hudson Canal.
NAMES OF PLACES.
11
Miles from
Eddyville.
Miles from
Honrsdale.
NAMES OF PLACES.
%<
S'v
sl
StUfsfrom
EddyviUe.
MUetfrom.
Honesdale.
No 1
108
42
66
1
107
43
65
2
106
44
64
2 to 4
3
105
45
63
5
4
104
46
62
6
5
103
Tunnel Ilill
47
61
7
6
102
48
60
8 and 9
7
101
49
69
10 and 11
g
100
60
68
High Falls .. .
12 to 19
9
99
Cuddebackville
61
57
20 and 21
10
98
Neversink Aqueduct
55 to 59
52
56
11
97
Piersonville
60
53
55
12
96
54
54
22
13
95
Canal Store
55
53
23
14
94
56
62
15
93
Bird's Nest Rock
57
61
24
16
92
Stop Gate Pine Woods
58
50
17
91
Benjamin Cuddeback's
59
49
18
90
60
48
C P Hornbeck's
19
89
Stop Gate Westfall's Basin
61
47
20
88
62
46
25
21
87
Honesville
63
45
22
86
Bolton
64
44
26
23
85
Butler's Falls
61
65
43
27
24
84
62 and 63
66
42
25
83
67
41
28
26
82
64
68
40
29 and 30
27
81
Vanaukin's Bridge
65
69
39
Ellcnville
31 and 32
28
80
Fish Cabin Brook
66
70
38
33
29
79
71
37
24
30
78
Pond Eddy
67
72
36
35 and 36
31
77
Van Tuyl's Brook
68
73
35
37 and 38
32
76
Van Tuyl's Basin
74
34
39 to 41
33
75
Craigsville
69 and 70
75
33
42 to 51
34
74
Buttermilk Falls
76
32
52 to 54
35
73
Handsome Edd v
71
77
31
36
72
David Johnston's
78
30
37
71
Barry sville
72 and 73
79
29
South Side of Swamp
38
70
Panther Brook
80
28
39
69
Beaver Brook
81
27
40
68
Stop Lock
82
26
41
67
G'nd L'k.
83
25
Table of Companies which have been organized for Constructing Canals and Extending Navigation
in -the State.
NAMES OF CANALS.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connections.
Remarks.
April 7, 1857
$30,000
To improve Alle^any River be-
vigation Co.
April 24 1832
150,000
low Olean.
Auburn & Owasco Canal Co
Binghamton, Owego, & Penn.
April 21, 1828
April 9, 1855
100,000
100,000
Auburn and Owasco Lake
Charter renewed in 1834; not
finished.
Act amended in 1857.
Slackwater Navigation Co.
Black River Canal Co
March 20, 1828
400,000
Erie Canal and Black River
Nothing done.
Black River Navigation Co
April 5, 1810
April 16, 1827
10.000
20,000
Brownville and Lake Ontario....
Not constructed.
To improve Ciissedaga Creek; not
Cattetunk Dock Navigation Co..
March 3, 1815
70,000
completed.
To improve Cattetunk Creek
Caynga & Seneca Canal Co
April 20, 1815
Montezuma and Seneca Lake....
from its mouth to N. w.
branch. Nothing done.
Rights purchased by the State.
May 12, 1846
March 1, 1818
Chittenango Village and Erie
Assumed by the State, and used
April 20, 1825
Canal.
as a navigable feeder to Erie
Canal.
Nothing done.
vig.ition Co.
Ellieotts Creek Slackwater Na-
April 23, 1829
5,000
River.
Nothing done.
vigation Co.
April 24, 183"
City of Brooklyn may cause to
Partially improved.
Great Chazy Navigation Co
May 11, 1836
April 18, 1825
5,000
be constructed.
Lake and Lower Bridge at
Champlain.
Champlain Canal and Bishops
Nothing done.
Harlem Canal Co
April 18, 1826
550,000
Corners.
East River and Manhattanville.
Partlv done and abandoned.
Harlem River Canal Co~
April 16, 1827
500000
Surveyed but not constructed.
Hndson River & Channel Co.....
Jefferson County Canal Co
Junction Canal Co
April 4, 1806
April 15,1828
April 21, 1828
3,500
300,000
100000
lem River.
For raft navigation on upper
water.
Carthage and Sackets Harbor....
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
plain Junction to Hudson
River.
CANALS.
65
Table of Companies which have been organized for Constructing Canals and Extending Navigation
in the State, continued.
NAMES OP CANALS.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connection.
Remarks.
May 11, 1845
April 15, 1828
From Chemung Canal at Elmira
to State line to connect with
North Branch Canal.
To connect Bays on s. side and
to cross Canoe Place to Peco-
nic Bay.
Completed in 1858.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done.
State Canal Feeder.
Nothing done.
The project failed. The State
loaned its credit for $10,000 and
lost the whole sum.
Surveyed nearly on the present
line of the Hudson R. R.
Nothing done.
Work commenced but no part
completed.
Nothing done.
Finished in 1835, and purchased
by the State in 1841.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
The right granted in 1828 to
build a R. R. on the line.
Nothing done on either.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Railroad only constructed.
Locks completed but too small
for general use.
Never completed.
Merged in Cayuga & Seneca
Canal.
Nothing done.
Partly constructed, but never
used.
Not constructed.
Completed to Oneida Lake in
1797. The rights were after-
ward vested in the State,
and such as were available
were used for the Erie Canal.
$200,000
300,000
50,000
500,000
50,000
Long leland Canal & Naviga-
tion Co.
April 8, 1848
April 15, 1828
April 17,1816
April 16,1818
April 19,1823
April 6, 1798
March 30, 1792
May 13, 1846
March. 22, 1832
Nov. 25, 1824
March 31, 1821
April 11,1825
April 25, 1831
Mav 1, 1829
April 8, 1808
March 26, 1831
April 1, 1808
May 16, 1837
April 30, 1829
April 6, 1813
March 31, 1815
March 19, 1829
May 20, 1836
April 9, 1828
April 18, 1838
March 30, 1792
Erie Canal and Manlius Slack-
water Navigation.
Cohoes Falls and Schenectady...
Mohawk & Hudson Lock
Navigation Co.
New York & Sharon
From Sharon, Conn., to tide
water to any point on the
Hudson or in the City of
New York.
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario
Hudson River and Lake Cham-
plain.
Northern Inland Lock Naviga-
tion Co.
Northern Slactwater & Rail-
way Co.
40,000
Erie Canal and Onondaga
Hollow.
Canandaigua Lake and Erie
Canal.
From Columbia, on the Dela-
ware, through Orange co., to
the Hudson.
From the St. Lawrence to Black
Lake and Canton.
Owasco Lake and Erie Canal
To construct Locks and Dams
in Peconic River.
Rochester and Lake Ontario
For building Locks at Isle au
Rapid.
Lake Ontario and Port Ontario..
Scottsville and Genesee River.
For improving navigation
between Seneca and Cayuga
Lakes.
From Seneca Lake to Chemung
River near Elmira.
From Seneca River or Canan-
daigua outlet to Great Sodus
Bay.
From river to Chenango Canal.
Wallabout Bay and Tillory St.
Brooklyn.
Wallabout Bay to Kent Avenue
Brooklyn.
To open navigation on the Mo-
hawk, Wood Creek, Oneida,
and Oswego Rivers to Lake
Ontario.
100,000
Orange & Sussex Canal Co -
150,000
Peconic River Lock Navigation
Co.
Rochester Canal & R. R. Co
30,000
Salmon River Harbor Canal Co..
Scottsville Canal Co
350,000
15.000
50,000
300,000
200,000
Seneca Lock Navigation Co
Seneca & Susquehanna Lock
Navigation Co.
Sodas Canal Co
Wallabout Canal Co
20,000
25,000
Wallabout Canal Co
Western Inland Lock Naviga-
tion Co.
RAIL ROADS.
THE first rail road in the State, and the second in the U. S., was opened from Albany to
Schenectady in 1831. Although rudely constructed, at great and much needless expense, the
advantages of this means of communication became so apparent that within 3 years rail roads,
duly chartered by law, were projected in every part of the State. 1 These early grants were gene-
rally limited to 50 years, and work was required to be commenced within 3 years, the State being
allowed to become purchaser at the expiration of the charter. The charters contained the neces-
sary provisions for the taking of property by appraisements, named the commissioners for opening
subscriptions, and sometimes for locating and surveying the road, which in a few instances was
done at the expense of the State.
At an early period the aid of the General Government was solicited, in view of the utility of these
roads in the transportation of the mails, and, in case of war, of military supplies ; but, with the
exception of surveys made in two instances, no aid was obtained from this source. The State has
l Albany, Vermont, &. Canada Rail Road, for-
merly the Albany Northern R. R. Company organized
Feb. 12, 1851. Connects Albany and Eagle Bridge. Road
opened through about the 1st of Jnly, 1*53. It was sold
under foreclosure of mortgage Oct. 16, 1856, and assumed
its present name NOT. 7. following.
Albany, Vermont, and Canada Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Albany.
From
EagleB'dg.
4
2
3
2
1
10
1
3
5
2
4
6
9
11
12
22
23
26
31
33
33
29
27
24
22
21
11
10
7
2
Cemetery -
West Troy
Waterford
Eagle Bridge...
Albany &. West Stockbridge Rail Road, for-
merly Castleton & West Stockbridge R. R. Company or-
ganized April 19, 1830, but nothing was done under the first
name. Present name assumed May 5, 1836. Road opened
from Greenbush to Chatham Dec. 21, 1841, and to the State
line Sept. 12, 1842. It was leased to the Western (Mass.)
R. R. Nov. 18, 1841, for the term of its charter : and has
since been operated as a part of that road, including the
ferry at Albany. The city of Albany, at different times,
issued its bonds for $1,000,000, to aid in building the road,
the lessees paying the interest and $10,000 annually toward
the sinking fund. It connects Albany with Springfield and
Boston.
Western RaU Road.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Albany.
From
Boston.
1
7
8
3
4
5
5
5
11
53
54
44
1
8
16
19
23
28
33
38
49
102
156
200
200
199
192
184
181
177
172
167
162
151
98
44
Chatham Four Corners
Pittsfield Mass
Worcester u ... -
Atlantic & Great "Western Rail Road Co. was
formed Dec. 9, 1858. The line extends from the New York
& Erie R. R. at Little Valley to the 8. line of Chautauque
county.
66
Attica it ffnrnfrsrille Rail Road. Company incorporated May
14, 1845 ; capital $750,000. Time extended April 11, 1849.
Other roads allowed to take stock April 9, 1851. Capital in-
creased and company allowed to purchase the Buffalo &
Rochester R. K., from Attica to Buffalo, and to change its
name March 3, 1851. Name changed to Buffalo & New
York City R. R., April 16, 1851.
Black River & Utica Rail Road. Company
formed Jan. 29. 1853. Road opened to Trenton Jan. 1, 1855,
and to Boonville Dec. 18. 1855. The city of Utica has is-
sued its bonds f.ir $250,000, to aid in the construction of the
road. It is designed to connect Utica and Clayton.
Black River < Utica Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Utica.
From
Boonville.
Utica.
6
2
2
2
4
H
2*
7
7
6
8
10
12
16
ITi
18*
21
28
35
35
29
27
25
23
19
171
16*
14
7
Marcy
Fl'Wd Rnud
Stittsville
Holland Patent -
Trenton Falls
Alder Creek
Blossburg <fc Corning Rail Road, formerly the
Corning & Blossburgh R. R., and previously the Tioga Coal,
Iron Mining, & Manufacturing Co. R. R. Was leased for a
term of years to the Tioga (Pa.) R.R.Co. In 1854 it was
sold for $250,000, subject to a mortgage of $245,000 and a
ten years lease to the Tioga Co. It is operated at present
by the lessees.
Blossburg and Corning Railroad.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
Prom,
Corning.
From
Blossburj
41
41
Brooklyn City Rail Road. Company formed Dec. 16,
1853. Opened as follows :
Flushing Avenue Route. Fulton St. to Throop
Avenue in July, 1854
Fulton Avenue Route. Ferry to Washington
Avenue in July, 1S54
Myrtle Avenue Route. Fulton St. to Nortram
Avenue in July,
Greenwood Route. Fulton St. to Gowanus Creek
in Aug.
Washington Avenue to Brooklyn Avenue in Sept.
Kent Avenue to Bushwick Creek in Oct.
Gowanus Creek to 36th St. in Nov.
Nortram Avenue to Division Avenue in Nov.
1854
1854
1854
1S54
1854
1854
RAIL ROADS.
67
upon several occasions loaned its credit to R. R. companies by issuing stock and retaining a lien
upon the roads, which in some cases was afterwards relinquished, and in others sacrificed by sale
at nominal prices.
Throop Avenue to Division.A venue in April, 1855
Hamilton Avenue lioute. Court St. to Ferry in May, 1855
This road is used for passengers only, and
horse power is exclusively employed.
36th St. to City Line July, 1855
Bushwick Creek to Kent St. in Oct. 1855
Kent St to Furman St. in Dec. 1855
City Line to Yellow Hookland in July, 1856
Brooklyn & .Tajma ica Rail Road. Company formed
April 25, 1832. In 1836 the road was leased to the Long
Island R. R. Co. for the term of its charter. The lessees
built a tunnel 2.550 feet long under Atlantic St., bought
access to the river, erected buildings and docks at a cost of
over $300,000, and have since maintained and operated the
road in connection with the Long Island R. R., of which it
is virtually a part.
Buffalo, Bradford, <fc Pittsburgh Rail Road
Co. was formed 1S59, by the consolidation of the
Buffalo & Bradford and Buffalo & Pittsburgh R. R's.
Buffalo tkffew York City KaH Rnad, formerly Attica & Hornells-
ville R. R. Articles filed Jan. 22, 1851. 31 mi. sold to Buf-
falo, New York, & Brie R. R. Oct. 31, 1857, and name
changed to
Buffalo, New York. &, Erie Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILBS.
Between
Stations.
From
Buffalo.
From
Corning.
Buffalo < Corning.
Buffalo .
1
9.45
4.05
4.95
6.47
6.14
3.40
7.20
5.60
4.32
7.31
6.93
9.05
2.56
3.64
3.71
6.65
4.76
5.91
4.36
4.87
2.88
3.64
3.77
6.15
4.71
1.67
2.60
3.22
1.60
1
10.45
14.5
19.45
24.92
31.06
34.46
41.66
47.26
51.58
58.89
65.82 1
74.87
77.43
81.07
84.78
91.43
96.19
102.1
106.46
111.33
114.21
117.85
121.62
lL'7.77
132.48
134.15
136.75
139.97
141.57
141.57
140.57
131.12
127.07
122.12
116.65
110.51
107.11
99.91
94.31
89.99
S2.H8
75.75
66.7
64.14
60.5
56.79
50.14
45.38
39.47
35.11
30.24
27.36
23.72
19.95
13.8
9.09
7.42
4.82
1.6
Lancaster
Alden
Darien
Alexander
Stafford
Le Roy
Hamiltons
Liberty
Wallaces
Bath
Painted Post
Corning
New York
432.63 ' 291.06
Rochester Division.
8.45
3.27
2.27
4.26
From
Rochester.
From
Avon.
8.45
11.72
13.99
18.25
18.25
9.8
6.53
4.26
Scottsville
Rush
Horndlsaitte Division.
6.87
4.33
5.78
6.77
2.76
3.61
4.07
2.07
7.17
4.43
4.10
8.30
Prom
Attica.
From
Hornells-
ville.
Attica
6.87
11.2
16.98
23.75
26.51
30.12
34.19
36.26
43.43
47.S6
51.96
60.26
60.26
53.39
49.06
43.28
36.51
33.75
30.14
26.07
24
16.83
12.4
8.3
Warsaw
Buffalo < State Line Rail Road. Company formed June 6,
1849. Road opened from Dunkirk to the State Line Jan. 1,
1852, and to Buffalo Feb. 22 following. The Company pur-
chased the North East (Penn.) R. R. under act of April 13,
1857, and now form one company from Buffalo to Erie, Penn
It is now operated under the name of
Buffalo and Erie Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Buffalo.
From
Erie, Penn.
Buffalo
10
5
6
5
3
2
7
8
2
7
5
3
3
20
10
15
21
26
29
31
40
48
50
57
62
65
68
88
88
78
73
67
62
59
57
48
40
38
31
26
23
20
Hamburg
18 Mile Creek .
Saw Mill
Silver Creek
Salem
Westfield
State Line
Erie, Penn . .
Ganandaigua < Corning Rail Road. Company incorporated May
11, 1845; capital $1,600,000 Time extended April 15, 1847,
and again March 24, 1849. Surveys were begun June, 1845,
and the construction in Aug. 1850. Road opened from
Canandaigua to "Jefferson" (now Watkins) 46^ mi., Sept.
15, 1851, the New York & Erie R.R. furnishing engines, cars,
&c., for a specific rate per mile. The road was allowed to con-
nect with the Chemung R. R. at Jefferson, and to change
name Sept. 11, 1852, to Canandaigua and Elmira R. R.
Canandaigua <- Elmira Rail Road, changed from Canandaigua
& Corning R. R. Sept. 11, 1852. Leased the Chemung R. R.
1.1 f^o mi. and 4 mi. of Erie R. R. Sold to pnrties in Elmira,
Penn Yan,and Providence, R. I. April 23, 1857, and possession
given May 1. Price $35,000, subject to SaOO.OoO due bond-
holders, and name changed to the Elmira, Canandaigua, &
Niagara Falls R. R. the next day.
Canandaigua ^Niagara Fulls Rail Road. Company incorporated
Dec. 10, 1850; capital $1,000,000. Road opened to Batavia,
50 mi., Jan. 1, 1853, to Niagara Falls 47 mi. July 1, 1853. and
to Suspension Bridge 1J mi. April 1, 1854. Sold March 22,
1857, to Jas. M. Brown and others, and name changed to
Niagara Bridge & Canandaigua R. R. Now leased and ruu
by New York Central R. R.
Cayuga & Snsqnenanna Rail Road, formerly
the Ithaca & Owego R. R., was chartered Jan. 28, 1828, the
second R.R. charter granted in the State. The road was opened
in April, 1834. An inclined plane at Ithaca rose 1 foot in
4j 2 8 ft. and stationary steam power was used for drawing
up the cars. Above this was another inclined plane that
rose one foot in 21 ft., on which horse power was used. The
road was subsequently sold by the Comptroller on stock
issued by the State, on which the company had failed to pay
interest. A new company was organized and the present
name assumed April 18, 1843; the road was reconstructed,
the inclined planes were done away with, and Jan. 1, 1855, it
was leased to the Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western R R.
Co., and is operated by them as the Cayuga Division. This
is an important route from the coal mines of Penn., and coal
forms the principal item of business.
Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Ithaca
Pier.
Front,
Owego.
2
13
6
4
6
4
2
15
21
25
31
35
35
33
20
14
10
4
1 fl M 1 1 > I It I II tv.' .~ I M-*n- T * vjuw
pany formed Feb. 26, 1851. The Road extends from Rouses
Point to the Canada line 1\ miles, and is leased to a road in
Canada of the same name, which extends to St. Johns and
La Prairie opposite Montreal.
68
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
By resolution of Assembly of Feb. 2, 1843, R. R. companies were required to report annually to
the Secretary of State; and by an act of April 11, 1849, to the State Engineer and Surveyor; a
Chemung Rail Road. Company formed May 14. 1845.
The road extends from Watkius, at the head of Seneca
Lako, to the New York & Erie K. K., 4 mi. N. w. of Elmira.
It wan opened in Dec. 1849; leased to the New York & Krie
R. K. Co. for ten years from Jan. 1,1850, for S36,OoO per an-
num ; and sub-let to the Oanandaigua and Elmira H. K. Co-
lor the same. It is now operated by the New York & Erie
R. R. Co.
Chemung Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Betu-t: n
Stations.
From
Walkins.
From
Elmira.
Jefferson (Watkins)
3.2
3.7
2
2.8
4.4
1.2
4.3
3.2
6.9
8.9
11.7
16.1
17.3
21.6
21.6
18.4
14.7
12.7
9.9
5.5
4.3
Millport
Elmira, Canandaigua, d- Niagara Falls Rail Road. Changed
from Canandaigua & Niagara Falls K. R. April 24, 1857.
The name was changed to
Klmiru. Jefferson, & Canandaigua Rail
Road Co. Feb. 18, 1859. The road is now leased and
run by the New York & Erie R. R. Co.
Elmira, Jefferson, t Canandaigua Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Canan-
daigua.
From
Watkins,
(Jeffersnn
Station.)
6.4
5.3
2.8
3.8
1.9
4
4.1
3.6
3.9
2.6
1.9
6.6
6.4
11.7
14.5
18.3
20.2
24.2
28.3
31.9
35.8
38.4
40.3
46.9
46.9
40.5
35.2
32.4
2S.6
26.7
22.7
18.6
15
11.1
8.5
6.6
Starkey
21.6
68.5
21.6
Flushing Rail Road. Company formed Feb. 24. 1852.
(.pened June 26, 1S54. The road extends from Flushing to
Hunters Creek, and the Co. runs a steamer to Fulton street,
New York.
Flushing Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
New York.
From
Flushing.
New York*
4
1
2i
1
u
2
4
5
7i
8i
10
12
12
8
7
4i
Si
2
Hunters Point
Penny Bridge
Winsfield
Newtown
National Race Course
Flushing
By steamboat between New York and Hunters Point.
Hicksville <t Cold Spring Branch Rail Road. Company formed
Juno 28, 1S51, and organized Nov. 3. 1853. The road was
to extend from Hicksville to Cold Spring Harbor. It was
opened to Syosset, July 3, 1854. Nothing has been done
beyond there. It has been leased to the Long Island K. R.
Co., and is operated by them.
Hudson & Boston Rail Road. Company allowed
to organize Feb. 22, 1855; the organization took place Dec.
1, Ib55. The company own and operate the road from Hud-
son to Chatham Four Corners, with a leased right to West
Stockbridge.
Hudson <6 Boston Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Hudson.
Frtm
Chatham
4 Corners.
1
3
5
3
3
2
1
4
9
12
15
17
17
16
13
8
5
2
" Upper Station
Ghent
Chatham Four Corners
Hudson River Rail Road. Company formed May
12, 1S46. Opened from New York to Peckskill Sept. 29,
1849; to Hamburgh, Dec. 6. 1849; to Pouuhkeepsie, Dec. 31,
1849; from Albany to Hudson. June 16, 1851; to TiToli,
Aug. 4 ; and through, Oct. 1, 1851. The road extends from
Albany to New York, along the east bank of the river. It
has tunnels of 226, 60, 70, 358, UOO, 518, 835, 124, 145, and
82 feet ; in the whole 5,018 feet.
Hudson River Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
New York.
From
Albany.
Chambers Street, N.Y
31st Street .
2*
1
1
H
1*
1
H
U
11
2i
3i
H
2
2
4J
H
3i
3i
1*
2
3*
4}
2i
2*
Si
Si
2i
*i
4
6
4
5*
Si
4
4*
6i
51
5
2i
2i
6*
3*
7*
2i
Si
4i
5*
7i
81
10
m
12*
14
16J
17
20i
21|
23*
26^
30i
32
35i
38|
40i
42^
46i
51
53*
56i
59*
63i
65*
70i
74i
80
84i
90
95
99i
104J
109i
lloi
143i
141
140
139
137*
136
135
133i
132
131i
1291
127i
126i
123
121J
119}
117i
113
llli
108J-
104*
103
101
97i
92i
90
87i
83*
80i
77*
73i
69J-
63
59^
53i
48
44
39J
34
2Si
23i
20*
184
IH
7*
52d Street
loJd Street
Tubby Hook . .
Spuyten Duyvil
Yonkers
Tarry town
Yerplancks
Peekskill
Fishkill
Hyde Park
Tivoli
Oak Hill
Stockport
120^
122*
125J
132
135J
143i
East Albany
Xroy
6
149i
6
RAIL ROADS.
69
custom that has since Deen continued, except during the short period in which the office of R. R.
Commissioners was in existence. This Board was created April 14, 1855, and abolished April 16,
1857. The expenses of the State Engineer and Surveyor's office chargeable to Rail roads are assessed
upon the several companies in proportion lo their earnings. The general act to authorize the for-
mation of R. R. companies was passed March 27, 1848. There are at present within the State 2,554J
mi. of R. R., besides double tracks and turn outs. The Rail roads give employment to about 18,000
Long Island Rail Road. Company organized June 15,
1835. Opened through in July, 1844. The road extends
from Brooklyn to Greenport; $100,000 in State stocks was
issued to aid in the construction. The company have leased
the Brooklyn & Jamaica and the Hicksville & Cold Spring
Branch R. Roads, which they operate as a part of this road.
Long Island Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
from
Brooklyn.
from
Greenport.
South Ferry
2}
3
14
}
2*
1
2
3}
2}
2}
3
3
4
3
2
6
4
24
5}
4
2
2}
2}
6
8
5
4
3
3
2
4
2}
5}
7
74
I?
12
14
17}
20
2}
23
26
4
29
31
37
41
434
49
53
55
57}
60
66
74
79
83
86
89
91
95
95
92}
89}
88
87}
86*
84
83
81
77}
75
2}
72
69
4
66
64
58
54
51}
46
42
40
37}
35
29
21
16
12
9
6
4
Bedford
East New York
Willow Tree
Queens (Brushville)
Hyde Park
Hempstead Branch.
Hicksville
N. Islip (Suffolk)
Medford
Bellport
Mattituck.
NewDiirgli Branch of \<-iv York & Erie
Rail Road. Branch allowed to Newburgh April 8,
1845. Opened Jan. 8, 1850.
New York Central Rail Road. Company formed
by consolidating the several roads in operation, and some
projected roads between Albany, Troy and Buffalo, and
Niagara Falls. The act allowing the consolidation was
passed April 2, 1853, and was carried into effect the 17th
of May following. The consolidated capital amounted to
$23,085,600, and debts were assumed to the amount of.
$1,947,815.72. The stock of the several companies was re-
ceived at the following rates, viz. :
Rochester & Syracuse .130
Rochester, Lockport & Ni-
agara Falls 125
Buffalo & Rochester.. 140
Buffalo & Lockport .125
Albany & Schenectady .117
Syracuse & Utica Direct .... .150
Schenectady & Troy 75
Utica & Schenectady 115
Mohawk Valley 155
Syracuse & Utica. 160
Each stockholder received a like amount of stock of the new
company, at par, (the Troy & Schenectady upon payment of
$25 per share,) and for the differences, certificates or premium
bonds bearing six per cent, interest, semi-anuually, and pay-
able May 1, 1883. These certificates amounted to $8,892,600.
The Rochester & Lake Ontario R. R., and the Buffalo & Niagara
Falls R. R., have since been merged in this road.
Date of opening the several roads now forming the New York
Central Rail Road.
Albany & Schenectady 1831
Schenectady & Troy 1843
Utica & Schenectady 1835
Syracuse & Utica 1839
Rochester & Syracuse 1853
Auburn & Syracuse 1836
Auburn & Rochester 1840
Tonawanda 1836
Batavia & Attica 1843
Attica & Buffalo 1845
Rochester & Buffalo .1852
Rochester, Lockport & Nia-
gara Falls 1852
Niagara Falls & Lewiston...lS54
Lockport & Tonawanda 1853
Rochester & Charlotte 1853
New York Central Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Albany.
from
Buffalo.
Albany & Buffalo.
3}
5
8*
9}
3}
3}
5}
5
5}
3}
3
3
2*
3
3}
6}
7}
2}
2}
9}
3*
3
74
4}
4}
4}
3}
2
3*
2}
4
2}
7*
9}
2}
5}
4}
3}
7
6
7*
5}
3}
3*
5
7*
10}
6}
4
4}
3}
3}
3}
7}
6
6}
4}
2*
1*
5
2*
7*
3}
8i
296}
293
288
279}
270
266}
263}
257*
252*
247}
244}
241}
238}
235}
232}
229}
222*
215}
213}
211
201}
197*
194*
187}
183
178*
174}
171}
169}
165}
163
159
156}
148*
139}
136*
131}
127
123*
116*
110*
103}
98
94}
90*
85*
78
67*
61}
57}
53}
60
46*
43J
West Albany
Center
17
26}
29*
33
38}
43}
48*
52
55
58
60*
63*
67
73}
80*
83
85}
94*
98}
101}
109
113}
117}
121*
125
127
130*
133}
137}
139*
147}
157
159}
164*
169}
172}
179}
185}
192*
198}
201*
205}
210}
218'
Tribes Hill
Yosts
East Creek
Little Falls
Ilion
Frankfort - -
XJtica .
Rome
Verona
Kirkville
Clyde
Lyons
East Palmyra. ...
Palmyra
228}
234*
23S*
243
246}
249}
253
260}
266}
271*
276}
279
280*
285*
288}
296}
Coldwater
Chili
35*
29*
24}
20
17}
15}
10}
7*
Crofts
Alden
Forks
Buffalo
Troy & Schenectady
Branch.
3}
2}
5}
6
3*
from
Troy.
From
Schenec-
tady.
Trov
3}
6
11}
17}
2U
21}
17*
15}
9*
3*
Schenectadv....
70
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
men, and have an aggregate of $74,634,954.76 of stock paid in, and a capital of stocks and debta
amounting to $149,262,311.81, or more than one-tenth of the total valuation of the property of the
State.
Syracuse <6 Rochester,
via Auburn.
Between
Stations.
From
Syracuse.
From
Rochester.
Attica, Branch.
Between
Stations.
From From
Batavia. Attica.
8*
2*
3
3*
34
54
10*
4*
3*
6*
4*
3*
4J
44
6
6
31
3?
6*
8i
Si
104
13*
17*
20*
26
37
41*
45
51i
56i
594
63*
68i
74i
80*
84
87*
9-li
102*
102*
94i
92
89
85A
82
764
65*
61
57*
61i
464
43i
89
344
2*4
224
IS*
15
8*
Batavia
8
3
11
8 3
11
Alexander
Attica
Charlotte Branch.
84
From From
Rochester. Charlotte.
Sennett
Auburn
Cayuga
_ ,
84
84
Seneca Falls
Waterloo
Geneva
Vew York and Erie Rail Road. Company organ-
ized in July, 1833. The act authorizing the road was passed
April 24, 1832. The first preliminary survey was made in
1832, by De Witt Clinton, jr., by order of the government.
In 1834 the Governor appointed Benj. Wright to survey the
route ; who, assisted by Jas. Seymour and Charles Ellett,
began the survey May 23d, and finished it the same year.
In 1835 the Co. was reorganized, and 40 mi. were put under
contract. In 1836 the Comptroller was directed to issue
S3.000.000 State stock to aid in constructing the road. In
1845 the State released its lien on the road, and authorized
the original stockholders to surrender two shares of old
stock, and receive one share of new. April 8, 1845, a branch
was allowed to be built from Chester to Newburgh, 19 mi.
The road was opened as follows : from Peirmont to Goshen,
Sept. 22, 1841 ; to Middletown, June 7, 1843 ; to Port Jervis,
Jan. 6, 1848; to Binghamton, Dec. 28,1848; toOwego.June
1, 1849; to Elmira, Oct. 1849; to Corning, Jan. 1, 1850; and
to Dunkirk. Muv 14. 1851. The Newburgh Branch opened
Jan. 8, 1850. The road is compelled to pay a bonus of
$10,000 annually to the State of Pennsylvania for the priv-
ilege of passing a short distance in that State. Ample details
will be found in The New York & Erie R. R. Guide, the annual
and special reports of the company, and especially that of
Nov. 1853, and In the following documents of the New York
Legislature: Senate Doc. No. 12, of 1836; Nos. 37, 38, of
1839: Nos. 18, 58, of 1842. Assem. Docs. Nos. 27, 171 of
1838: No. 47. of 1839; No. 215, of 1840; Nos. 113, 297, of
1S41; and No. 50, of 1842. The Patterson & Ramapo (N.
J.) R. R., 294 mi., and the Union R. R., , 7 9 mi., the Che-
mung R. R., and the Elmira, Jefferson, & Cauandaigua R. R.
are leased and operated by the this company.
New York <- Erie Bail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Clifton Springs
Shortsville
Milk Station
Pittsford
Rochester
Rochester, Lockport, d- Ni-
agara Fans Branch.
10
24
4i
4*
34
5i
54
4*
4*
5
6
34
6*
9
1*
From
Rochester.
From
Niagara
Falls.
10
12|
17
21*
25*
3d*
36i
404
45
50
56
59|
66i
75*
77
77
67
64^
60
65J
51*
4fii
40*
364
32
27
21
171
10*
1*
Holley
Lockport Junction to
Tonawanda.
6i
5
From
Loci-port
Junction.
From
Tvnar
wanda.
Lockport Junction
6i
114
11*
5
Halls Station
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
c ^
c
^ S
11
f fefe
!**
^5
t
giS
11
Buffalo <C- Lewiston.
4
6*
6
5
W
44
From
Buffalo.
From
Lewiston.
Buffalo
4
104
Ifii
21i
23
274
274
234
m
Black Rock
,
24.00
1.00
460.72
445.95
444.95
441.47
437.22
434.65
433.35
430.88
459.72
457.25
454.97
453.48
450.43
44^.03
447.SO
443.22
440.01
438.10
436.42
434.22
432.28
428.05
426.10
424.40
417.87
415.66
412.47
410.32
407.70
406.12
405.66
Tonawanda
2400
La Salle
114
6i
44
1.00
3.48
4.25
2.57
1.80
2.47
.00
1.00
4.48
8.73
11.30
12.60
15.07
'".00
2.47
4.75
6.24
9.29
11.09
11.92
16.50
19.71
21.62
23.30
25.50
27.44
31.67
33.62
35.32
41.85
44.06
47.25
49.40
52.02
53.60
54.06
Niagara Falls
Suspension Bridge
Lewiston
ClarKstown
Canandaigua < Niagara
Bridge Branch.
4.2
3.8
4.6
3
3.1
6.2
1.1
1.2
5.8
7.1
4.1
5.9
6.2
6.6
3.4
7
3 2
From
Canan-
daigua.
From
Tona-
wanda.
Monsey
15 Mile Turnout
2.47
4.2
8
12.6
15.6
18.7
24.9
26
27.2
33
40.1
44.2
50.1
56.3
62.9
66.3
73.3
70.5
79.5
82.5
85.6
85.6
81.4
77.6
73
70
66.9
60.7
59.6
58.4
52.6
45.5
41.4
35.5
29.3
22.7
19.3
12.3
9.1
6.1
3.1
Germantown
Hackensack Br
Boiling Spring
2.28
1.49
3.05
1.80
......
East Bloomfield
.83
4.58
West Rush
Gravel Switch
Godwinville
3.21
1.91
1.68
Genesee Valley R. R. June
Allendale
Ramseys
Sufferus
2.20
1.94
4.23
1.95
17.90
19.85
21.55
28.08
30.29
33.48
35.63
38.25
39.83
40.29
Le Roy
Ramapo
Sloatsburg
1.70
6.53
2.21
3.19
2.15
2.C2
1.58
.46
Southfields
Greenwood
Turners
Monroe
3
Oxford
3
3.1
East Junction, N. B
Tonawanda
West " "
KAIL ROADS.
71
new IOTK a: tone, Man Jfoaa, continitfa.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
i E
fk
t^S
From
Dunkirk.
Chester
.97
4.43
4.00
3.37
3.88
4.69
6.40
6.31
3.83
5.70
1.86
2.07
5.21
3.98
5.36
6.01
3.74
4.76
5.19
6.92
3.65
6.92
5.76
4.58
5.61
2.53
4.91
7.28
4.03
2.81
1.38
8.28
5.61
8.64
8.55
6.57
6.82
5.43
4.42
2.42
6.91
4.78
5.77
7.00
4.09
5.98
1.84
5.76
1.55
9.21
5.11
7.63
8.19
4QO
41.26
45.C9
49.69
63.06
66.94
61.63
68.03
74.34
78.17
83.87
85.73
87.80
93.01
96.99
102.34
108.35
112.09
116.85
122.04
128.96
132.61
139.53
145.29
149.87
155.48
15S.01
162.92
170.20
174.23
177.04
178.42
186.70
192.31
200.95
209.50
216.07
222.89
228.32
232.74
235.16
242.07
246.85
252.62
259.62
263.71
269.69
271.53
277.29
278.84
288.05
293.16
300.79
308.98
313.90
318.11
323.05
327.22
330.77
335.57
:i:;s.i'i
344.26
347.98
352.12
355.67
360.10
rfS4.14
368.95
375.77
381.32
384.73
391.93
:w7.2'.i
401.10
407.37
414.6S
420.79
424.08
427.01
433.93
4:)7, so
441.29
445.95
65.03
69.46
63.46
66.83
70.71
75.40
81.80
88.11
91.94
97.64
99.50
101.57
106.78
110.76
116.11
122.12
125.86
130.62
135.81
142.73
146.38
153.30
159.06
163.64
169.25
171.78
176.69
ls:;.07
188.00
190.81
192.19
200.47
206.08
214.72
228.27
229.84
236.66
242.09
246.51
248.93
255.84
260.62
266.39
273.39
277.48
283.46
285.30
291.06
292.61
301.82
306.93
314.56
322.75
327.67
331.88
336.82
340.99
34454
349.34
352.02
358.03
361.75
365.89
269.44
373.87
377.91
382.72
389.54
395.09
398.50
405.70
411.06
414.87
421.14
42S.45
434.56
437.85
440.78
447.70
451.57
455.06
459.72
404.69
400.26
' 396.26
392.89
389.01
384.32
377.92
371.61
367.78
362.08
358.15
352.94
348.96
343.61
337.60
333.86
329.10
323.91
316.99
313.34
306.42
300.66
296.08
290.47
287.94
283.03
275.75
271.72
268.91
267.53
259.25
253.64
245.00
236.45
229.88
223.06
217.63
213.21
210.79
203.88
199.10
193.33
186.33
182.24
176.26
174.42
168.66
167.11
157.90
152.79
145.16
136.97
132.05
127.84
122.90
118.73
115.18
110.38
107.70
101.69
97.97
'.<:;>:(
90.28
85.85
81.81
77.00
70.18
64.63
61.22
54.02
48.66
44.85
38.58
31.27
25.16
21.87
18.94
12.02
8.15
4.66
Hampton
Middletown . . ..
Howells
Otisville
Shin Hollow
Port Jervis
McCluers Turnout
Pond Eddy
Middaughs
Shohola
Lacka waxen
Mast Hope
Narrowaburg
Nol tod vs
Cochecton.
Callicoon
Basket
Stockport . .
Hancock
Hales Eddy
Deposit
Cascade Bridge
Canewacta Bridge
Susquehanna
Great Bend
Kirkwood
Binghamton
Union
Campville
Owego
Tioga
Smithboro'
Barton
Waverly
Chemung
Wellsburg
Elmira
Junction Chemung Br
Big Flats
Corning
Painted Post .,
Addison
Rathl>oneville . ...
Cameron
Crosb3"ville
Canisteo
Hornellsville
4.21
4.94
4.17
3.55
4.80
2.68
6.01
3.72
4.14
3.55
4.43
4.04
4.81
6.82
5.55
3.41
7.20
5.36
3.81
6.27
7.31
6.11
3.29
2.93
6.92
3.87
3.49
4.66
Almond
Alfred
Tip Top Summit
Andover
Elm Valley
Genesee
Scio
Phillipsville
Belvidere
Friendship
Cuba Summit
Cuba
Hinsdale
Olean
Allegany
Tunungwant.
Great Valley
Bucktooth
Little Valley
Cattaraugus
Persia Turnout
Dayton
Perrysburg
Smiths Mills
Forestville
Sheriden
Dunkirk
New York <fc Harlem Rail Road. Company formed
April 2, 1831. Work was. commenced Feb. 24, 1832, and the
first mile opened in Oct. following. The company was
allowed to extend the road north of Harlem river, to meet
the New York & Albany R. R., at such point as might
be agreed upon, in May, 1840; and to continue to Albany,
May 14, 1845. The road was opened to Chatham 4 Corners
Jan. 19, 1852, connecting at that place with the Albany &
West Stockbridge R. R.
New York & Harlem Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
New York.
From
Chatham
4 Corners.
White and Center Sts., N.Y.
26th Street
24
24
2*
4
1
4
li
14
14
2*
2
3
1*
2
2
3
2
2
4i
2*
24
2
2
2
4J
24
3
2*
3*
6
24
4i
4*
Si
Si
44
3-
24
61
74
8i
9i
10
Hi
12*
14
16*
18*
I9i
224
24
26
28
28*
31*
34
36
40i
421
45i
47i
49i
51 i
654
58i
6l|
63*
67*
73i
76
80i
844
88
911
130*
128
125i
123
1224
1214
120*
1194
llSi
116*
114
112
111*
108*
106*
104*
102*
102
99
96
94*
904
88i
854
83J
81*
794
751
Yorkville
Harlem
Melrose
Tremont .
Fordham
West Mt. Vernon
Bronxville
Tuckahoe ....
Scaredale
White Plains
Waghingtons Quarters
Kensico. .,
Union ville
Pleasantville
Bedford
Whitlockville
Purdys
Croton Falls
724
694
67
634
574
54*
604
46
42*
394
34*
314
27*
224
184
15*
12
84
24
Paterson
South Dover
Dover Furnace
96
99J
103
108i
1121
3*
Si
Hillsdale
4
2J
3*
3*
6
24
115
118*
1224;
128i
130*
Ghent
Chatham Four Corners
23
153*
23
New York & New Haven Railroad. This com-
pany was allowed to extend their road from the State
line to the Harlem R.R. near Williams Bridge. The com-
pany run their trains 15 miles on the Harlem track for
which they pay that company the net profits. The road
was opened Dec. 28, 1848.
New York t New Haven Railroad.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
New York.
From New
Haven.
Twenty-seventh St., New
York
3
4
6
4
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
8
14
18
3
7
13
17
20
23
27
29
31
33
36
44
58
76
76
73
69
63
59
56
53
49
47
45
43
40
32
18
Thirty-second St . .
Rye
Port Chester
Greenwich
Cos Cob
Stamford (Conn )
Bridgeport "
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Ogdengburgh Railroad. This company was formed
by the second mortgage bondholders of the Northern K. R.,
from which its name was changed. The road extends from
Ogdensburgh to Rouses Point, and includes a branch to
Champlain Landing.
Ogdensburgh (Northern) Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From Og-
densburgh.
From
Rouses
Point.
Ogdenslmrgh
8*
81
7*
3
7*
5*
6*
2J
5*
6
7i
4*
7*
T*
8
6*
34
7*
4*
8*
17*
24*
27*
35*
41"
118
109*
100*
93*
90*
82*
76*
71
681
62|
56*
49*
44*
37*
29*
28*
20*
15*
11*
4*
Lisbon
Madrid
Potsdam
Knapps
Brasher Falls & Stockholm..
Moira
47
49*
55*
61*
68*
73*
80*
88*
89*
97*
102*
106*
113*
118
Brush's Mills.
Burke
Summit
Brandy Brook
Chazy
Centerville
Mooers
Oswego & Syracuse Railroad. Company formed
April 29, 1839. Route surveyed during the summer of that
year. The company was fully organized March 25, 1847, and
the Road was opened in Oct. 1848.
Oswego < Syracuse Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.;
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Oswego.
From
Syracuse.
Oswego
4*
<H
4*
oi
4*
12i
4*
HI
15}
18*
23
35*
35 i
31
24|
19*
17*
12*
Fulton
Plattsburgh & Montreal Railroad. Company
formed Feb. 25, 1850. Road commenced in Aug. 1851, and
opened July 20, 1852. It connects with the Lake, St. Louis,
& Province Line R. R. It crosses the Ogdensburgh R. R. at
Mooers Junction.
Plattsburgh and Montreal Railroad.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Plattsburgh.
From
Montreal.
Plattsburgh
5
5
5
5
42
6
10
15
20
62
62
57
52
47
42
West Chazy
Montreal (Canada)....
Sackets Harbor <&. Ellisbnrgh Rail Road.
Company formed May 23, 1S50. Road opened June 1, 1853.
It connects with W. R. & C. V. R. R. at Pierrepont Manor.
Sackets Harbor & Etlisburgh Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Statimis.
From
Sackets
Harbor.
From
Pierrepont
Manor.
Sackets Harbor
"1
>
4
4
5
5
9
13
18
18
13
9
5
Smith ville
Belleville.
Pierrenont Manor ...
Potsdam & Watertown Railroad. Company formed
Jan. 8, 1852. Road opened through in Jan., 1857, and ope-
rated by contractors for construction to April 1 following.
Potsdam t Watertown Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Watertown.
From
Potsdam..
Watertown Junction
Watertown
1
5
4*
7
6*
5
7
71
4
4t
7J
10|
6t
1
6
10*
17*
24
29
36
43*
47*
62
59*
70
76*
76*
75*
70*
65*
58*
52*
47*
40*
32*
28*
24*
17
6*
Sandfords Corner
Evans Mills .. .
Philadelphia
Antwerp
De Kalb
Canton
Rensselaer & Saratoga Rail Road. Company
formed April 14, 1832. Fully organized in May, 1833, and
surveys commenced the same year. Opened from Waterford
to Ballston Aug 19, 1835, and to Troy in the spring of 1836.
The Co. leases and runs the Saratoga and Schenectady R. R.
Rensselaer & Saratoga Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between '
Stations.
From
[Troy.
From
Saratoga.
Troy Union Depot
.877
3.676
1.402
6.530
13.108
6.707
.877
4.553
6.955
12.485
25.593
32.3
32.3
31.423
27.747
26.345
19.815
6.707
Green Island
Mechanicville
Ballston
Saratoga
Rochester & Genesee Valley Rail Road. Com-
pany formed June 7, 1851 ; allowed to extend their road to
Portage. Work was commenced in 1852, and the road
opened to Avon in 1854. It connects at Avon with the
Buffalo, New York & Erie R. R.
Rutland & Washington Rail Road extends from
Rutland to Eagle Bridge, 63 mi. We have not been able to
obtain statistics of this road, as it has made no report for seve-
ral years.
Rutland <t Washington Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Eaglz
Bridge.
From
Rutland.
10
23
6
5
7
18
2
6
7
11
10
33
39
44
61
69
71
77
84
95
95
85
62
56
51
44
26
24
18
11
Troy
Eagle Bridge
Salem
Granville
North Granville
Poultney, Vt
Castleton "
Rutland " .
Saratoga & Schenectady Rail Road. Company
formed Feb. 16, 1831. Work commenced in Sept. 1831. Road
opened to Ballston July 12, 1832, and to Saratoga Springs
in 1S33. The road is leased and operated by the Rensselear
& Saratoga R. R. Co.
Saratoga < Schenectady Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Schenec-
tady.
From
Saratoga.
8
71
6i
8
15*
22
22
14
64
Ballston .
Saratoga....
RAIL ROADS.
73
Saratoga <t> Washington Rail Road. Chartered May 2, 1834.
Capital, $000,000. Company organized April 20, 1S35. The
work was begun and over $60,000 expended, when it was
stopped in 1886. The time was extended April 13, 1840, May
4, 1844, and April 4, 1850, and the stock was increased $250,000
April 7, 1847. Company allowed to extend the road east to
Vt., March 7, 1848. A new route was in part adopted upon
resuming work. Began laying rails April 10, 1848. Road
opened to Gansevoort Aug. 15, 1848, to Whitehall Dec. 10,
1848, and to Lake Station April 9, 1851. Sold Feb. 27, 1855,
on foreclosure of second mortgage, and name changed to
Saratoga <fc Whitehall Rail Road. Company formed
June S, 1855. Capital $500,000. This company leases and
runs the Rutland and Whitehall R. R. to Castleton, Vt.
Saratoga < Whitehall Sail Road.
Stations and Distances.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.,
Between
Stations.
From
Saratoga.
From
Whitehall.
Saratoga
10.66
5.3
.8
3.32
4.5
3.91
3.91
6.6
1.88
6.62
1.85
1.75
3.28
10.66
15.96
16.76
20.08
24.58
28.49
32.4
39
40.88
45.62
47.47
49.22
52.5
39
28.34
23.04
22.24
18.92
14.42
10.51
6.6
1.88
6.62
8.47
10.22
13.5
Moreau
Fort Edward
Dunham's Basin
Smith's Basin
Fort Ann
Comstocks
Whitehall Junction
State Line
Hydeville "
Castletou "
Second Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of
New York was formed Jan. 19, 1853. Road to extend from
Harlem River to Peck Slip. In 1855 the company were
allowed to bridge Harlem and Bronx Rivers, to discon-
tinue the road from Chatham St. through. Oliver and South
Sts., and to lay a new track on Bowery to Pearl St.
Sixth Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of New
York was formed Dec. 7, 1851. The road extends from
Chambers St. to Harlem River, and was opened from Broad-
way to Forty-Fourth St. Aug. 19, 1852.
Syracuse, Binghamton, &, New York Rail
Road. Company originally formed July 2, 1851, as the
Syracuse & Binghamton R. R. Road opened through
Oct. 23, 1854. It was sold Oct. 13, 1856, on foreclosure of
mortgage, and name changed to the Syracuse & Southern
R. R. Its present name was assumed under act of March
31, 1857. ID 1858 the company were iiuthorized to purchase
the Union R. R. to the canal at Geddes.
Syracuse, Bniglwmtrm, d- ffew Turk Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
Between
Stations.
From
Syracuse.
From
Bingham-
ton.
7933
6.69
6.69
72.64
7.67
14.36
6497
5.10
19.46
59.87
Tully
1.97
2143
57 9
Preble
5.33
2676
5257
Little York
2.71
29.47
49.86
4.26
33.73
456
267
364
4293
Blodgets Mills
3.54
3994
3939
State Bridge
6.25
46.19
3314
3.90
5009
29 24
2.90
52.99
2634
3.65
56.64
2269
Whitnc.vs Point
2.14
58.78
2055
Chenango Forks
9.28
68.06
11 27
6.14
74.2
513
Bir.ghamton...
5.13
79.33
Troy tf Bennington Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
Third Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of
New York was formed Oct. 6, 1853. The road extends from
the intersection of Park Row and Broadway through Park
Row, Chatham St., Bowery, and Third Avenue to Harlem
River. It was opened from Ann to Sixty-First St. in 1853,
and to Eighty-Sixth St. July 4. 1854.
Troy &- Beniiington Rail Road. Company formed
May 15, 1851. Work commenced in June, 1851. Road opened
Aug. 1, 1852. Connects the Troy & Boston R. R. with the
Western Vt. R. R. It is leased to the Troy & Boston R. R.Co.
Tvoy & Boston Rail Road. Company formed Nov. 20,
1849. Work commenced in June, 1850. Road opened from
Troy to Hnosick Falls in Aug. 1853. Most of the remainder
to the State Line is graded. The company leases the Troy &
Bennington R. R. and 7 mi. of the Vermont Western K. R.
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Troy.
From
Troy
3
5
4
2
2
5
2
2
2
3
2
15
3
8
12
14
16
21
23
25
27
30
32
47
Lansingburgh
Junction
Schaghticoke
Pittstown
Johnsonville
Buskirks Bridge
Eagle Bridge
Hoosick Falls Junction
Hoosick Falls
Hoosick Corners
Petersburgh
North Adams, Mass
Western Vermont Rail Road.
STATIONS.
From
North.
Hoosick.
From
North Hoosick
Wallomsac
2
2
North Bennington, Vt
Rutland "
4
54
6
60
Troy & Greenbush Rail Road. Company organized
May 14, 1845 under a lease from the New York & Albany
R. R. The road had been commenced about 1842, and opera-
tions suspended. It was opened in June, 1845. It is
operated by the Hudson River R. R. Co. under a lease.
Troy & Rutland Rail Road. Company formed March
6, 1851. The road extends from Hoosick near Eagle Bridge
to Salem. It was opened June 28, 1852, and leased to the
Rutland & Washington (Vt.) R.R., until March, 1855, when
it was placed in the hands of a receiver, and run by the
Albany Northern R. R.
Troy Union Rail Road. Company formed July 21, 1851.
Road commenced in Feb. 1853, and opened Feb. 22. 1S54. It
is owned by parties representing the interests of the Troy
& Greenbush, Troy & Boston, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and
New York Central R. Roads, and is used by the above com-
panies in commun.
Union Rail Road. Company formed Jan. 10, 1851. The
road extends from Patterson and Ramapo(N. J.) to the New
York A Erie R. R. at Sufferns. It is operated by the latter
road under a lease.
Union Rail Road. Company formed Nov. 13, 1856. The road
extends from the 6th Ward in Syracuse to the Erie Canal in
G eddes. By an act of April If), 1858, the Co. were authorized
to sell the road to the Syracuse, Binghamton, & N. Y. R. R. Co.
Watertown &, Rome Rail Road. Company formed
April 17, 1832. Work commenced at Rome in Nov. 1848.
Road opened to Camden in 1849, to Pierrepont Manor in May,
1^51, to Watertown in Sept. 1851, to Chaurnont in Nov. 1851,
and to Cape Vincent May 1, 1852.
Watertmvn, Rome, < Cape Vincent Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
STATIONS.
DISTANCES IN MILES.
Between
Stations.
From
Vape Vin-
cent.
From
Rome.
Cape Vincent
8
3
6
4
4
10
3
5
2
5
5
5
6
3
5
5
5
2
11
8
11
17
21
25
35
38
43
45
60
65
60
66
69
74
79
84
86
97
97
89
86
80
76
72
62
59
54
52
47
42
37
31
28
23
18
13
11
Three Mile Bay
Chaumont
Adams
Pierrepont Manor.....
Sandy Creek
Albion
Taberg
Williamsport & Elmira Rail Road. Incorporated
by Penu. April 9, 1850, and allowed to extend the road to the
New York & Erie R.R. at Elmira. The village of Elmira was
authorized to loan its credit for $100,000 toward the con-
struction. Eight nrles of the road are in this State.
74
NE\V YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Official Summary of Rail Road Statistics
NAMES.
If
a
i:^
*&i
-S
Is
3s
Length of second
track and turn-
outs.
Amount of cap-
ital stock author-
ized by law.
Amount of cap-
ital paid in.
Total amount of
funded debt.
Total amount of
funded and float-
ing debt.
32.95
3.39
$ 600,000
$ 439,004.97
$ 1,575,098.79
$ 1,625,098.79
38
34
1,000,000
1,000,000.00
1,289,933.98
1,289,933.98
34.94
1,500,000
804,647.99
662,500.00
715,070.60
14.81
1.60
250,000
250,000.00
220,000.00
220,000.00
20 15
1995
1,000,000
1,000,000.00
142
1133
1,500,000
680,000.00
2,409,593.88
2.574,532.19
Buffalo & State Line
68.34
18
1,300,000
1,913,000.00
1,049,000.00
1,221,378.49
34.61
349
1,500,000
687,000.00
473,000.00
480,402.28
17.36
2.06
380,000
380,000.00
70,000.00
70,000.00
5
800,000
800,000.00
4684
290
300,000
7.80
.39
200,000
131,339.90
236,500.00
269,913.32
17 33
.50
175 000
175,000.00
144
106.50
4,000,000
3,758,4i6.59
8,842,000.00
9,297,003.04
95
in. us
3,000,000
1,852,715.79
639,497.67
653,263.02
New York Central
555.88
311.80
24,182.400
24,182,400.00
14.4112,634.69
14,402,634.69
446
282.50
10,500,000
11,000,000.00
26,438.016.55
27,170,274.41
13075
28.84
8,000,000
5,717,100.00
5 151,287.21
5,298,927.88
62.25
63.82
3,000,000
2,980,839.33
2,163,500.00
2,194,051.07
118
17.75
4,571,900
35.91
2.21
350,000
396,340.00
197,000.00
213,414.94
75 36
2
2,000,000
633,077.15
818,500.00
998,638.47
25.22
2.01
i,l
610,000.00
140,000.00
140,000.00
18 45
125
800.000
555,450.10
150,000.00
180,417.13
18
1
175.000
167.485.S9
278,400.00
306,810.47
21
1 57
300 t ii ii i
300,000.00
86,500.00
86,500.00
Saratoga & Whitehall
4086
3.S7
finii in in
500,000.00
395,000.00
400,4;>."..',4
Second Avenue
g
8
Mm nun
627,200.00
350,000.00
380,000.00
4
438
750000
750 000 00
Syracuse, Binghamton & New York
81
7.09
1,201,300
1,200,130.00
1,500,000.00
1.7 113,486.80
6
650
1 170000
1,170 000 00
50,000.60
90,600.00
538
.28
SI II II III
75.358.00
171,200.00
172,295.37
Troy & Boston
27 23
3.23
1,000,000
568,297.22
797,500.00
1,028,582.99
g
04
"7"i ( in
275 000 00
Troy & Rutland
17 7
275
325 000
249 939 50
2 14
2 14
:;n in in
30,000.00
680.000.00
680,000.00
Watertown & Home
9(376
11
1,500.0UO
1.498,400.00
688.500.00
769,250.76
Total
2,520.59
978.12
$79,625,600
$67,358,192.43
$71,925,162.77
$74.692,936.63
The Plattsbnrgh & Montreal R. R., 23.17 mi.; Champlain & St. Lawrence R. R., 2.5 mi. to Canada" line; and \Villiamsport A
Elmira R. R., S mi. to Pennsylvania line, are not included in the above table, from jefiult in reports. The gauge of the New
York & Erie R. R. and of the connecting roads is 6 ft., the same as that of several roads in Penn. The New York Central R. R.
General Summary of Rail Road Statistics for
the year ending September 30, 1858.
Length of roads in miles 3.124.71
Length of roads laid 2.412.'.il
Length of roads in operation, excluding city roads 2,397.62
Length of douHe track, including sidings 970.48
Length of branches owned by company and laid 373.44
Length of double track on same 6.37
Length of equivalent single track, exclusive of city
roads 3,709.08
Number of engine houses and shops 183
Number of engines 738
Number of first-class passenger cars, rated as eight.
wheeled 1,071
Number of second-class and emigrant cars 175
Number of baggage, mail, and express cars 239
Number of freight cars 9,014
Excluding City Roads. Miles.
Average rate of speed of ordinary passenger trains, inclu-
ding stops 20.72
Average rate of same when in motion 25.53
Average rate of speed of express passenger trains, includin]
stops..
..25.44
Average rate of same when in motion 29.39
Average rate of speed of freight trains, including stops 10.69
Average rate of same when in motion .13.95
Tons.
Average weight in tons of passenger trains, exclusive of
passengers and baggage 73.09
Average weight in tons of freight trains, exclusive of
freight 129.27
Miles run by passenger trains 11,578,745
The same, excluding city roads 6,M5,862
Number of passengers of all classes carried in cars... 43,786,579
The same, excluding city roads 11,250,073
Number of miles traveled by passengers, or number
of passengers carried one mile, city roads not in-
cluded 373,159,179
Miles run by freight trains 5,417,456
Number of tons carried on freight trains 3,473,725
Total movement of freight, or number of tons carried
one mile 420,604,609
Classification of Freight.
Tons.
Products of the forest 303,236
Products of animals 734,995
Vegetable food 914,206
Other agricultural products 77.174
Manufactures 325,596
Merchandise 562,378
Other articles 556,140
Total tonnage 3,473,725
Costs.
Repairs of road bed $2,282,807.73
Cost of iron for repair 464.712.95
Repairs of buildings 207,846.56
Repairs of fences and gates 48,660.35
Taxes on real estate 290,771.47
Other road expenses 398,329.66
Total road expenses $3,693,129.72
Repairs of engines $ 930,627.16
Repairs of cars 1,003,906.26
Repairs of tools 82.975.15
Oil, waste, &c 112,518.64
Other costs 43.759.29
Total cost of repairs of machinery $2,173,786.69
Office expenses, stationery, &c $ 86,427.81
Agents and clerks 622,981.68
Labor, loading and unloading freight 449,060.96
Porters, watchmen, and switchmen attendance.... 420,180.66
Wood and water station attendance 96,958.14
EAIL EOADS.
for the year ending Sept. 30, 1858.
Total cost of road
equipments and
other expenses.
Earnings for the
year ending Sept.
30, 1868.
Gfross transporta-
tion expenses.
Dividends paid.
PASSENGER TRANSPORTA-
TION.
FREIGHT TRANSPORTA-
TION, iw TONS.
ACCI-
DENTS.
Number.
Mileage.
Number.
Mileage.
3
Wounded.
$ 2,010,634.64
2,289,933.98
1,234,514.64
496,661.28
1,038,839.97
2,975,325.66
2.772,987.09
i;i83,012.71
400,000.00
833,642.87
200,000.00
308.891.38
175,000,00
11,328,989.96
2,566.270.07
30,732.517.54
34,058,632.63
7,948,116.35
5,324.527.09
4,788,791.26
761,380.11
1,587,028.08
900,550.58
653,539.64
3S9.170.84
480,684.15
903.S90.92
1,005,403.71
855,957.22
2.837,607.66
1,378.090.74
253,931.19
1,422,188.86
294,731,43
338.688.87
732,114.72
2,159,295.04
$ 84,119.86
$ 72,904.83
196,911
171,046
53.647
9,364
7,505,859
185,876
296,194
26,253
6,768,203
15.852
226,779
37.110
1,415.339
360.130
2.124,439
'793,662
720,070
953,819
71,764
92,492
71,850
151,576
43,948
7,340
93,035
4,504.645
5,612,357
107,504
7,945,462
87,432
1,864,210
6,094.681
1,121.012
103,847
34,918
226,035
13,136
'73,908
698,360
7,511,341
316,660
831,679
i
3
1
3
5
1
14
2
1
4
2
87
53
5
4
2
1
3
6
2
8
60,524.33
23,554.24
395,026.80
429,753.89
840.116.71
97,151.68
338,410.16
17,989.46
40,072.52
58.207.21
1,636,412.28
320,588.93
6,528,412.70
6,151,616.43
975,853.86
836,612.14
410,806.66
115.996.68
94,385.03
208.222.86
37.280.57
48.358.60
30,150.00
139,388.67
227,457.70
280.617.86
177,627.85
403,055.08
3,164.88
125,042.55
28,091.92
$ 12,500.00
80,000.00
288,771.22
301,632.09
480,507.05
77,285.40
177,753.91
11,947.28
41,566.29
47,367.60
1,041,773.43
174,215.05
3,487,292.67
3,791,457.62
617.061.47
532,477.85
283.793.93
54,649.63
49,672.54
110,982.77
3,514.02
8,192,000
17,854,082
623,885
143,709
290,532
85,556
14,360,000
19,809,225
2,674,375
3
4
2
i'i
7
33
26
6
11
1
2
"i
1
3
108,000.00
96,000.00
479.841
1,483,464
413,356
66.658,109
7,380,760
136,091.023
64,931,456
17,940.971
32.908,957
2,767,920
2,131,962
1,725,177
3,662,026
703.184
68,913
2,452,281
2,753,962
4,293
1,460
60,806
160,197
89,480
765,407
816,965
122,371
64,058
150,432
42,810
21.142
59,903
27,700
8,342
62,868
73,410
175,969
8,356
880,466
18,416,865
2,236,990
142,691,178
165,895,636
7,446,561
3,715,364
13,210.357
1,375,557
699,023
1,550,757
470,900
74,692
1,871,411
5,058,890
10,500.00
1,919,564.00
2,108.75
37,097.93
18,300.00
7,500.00
95,723.46
119.704.37
178,226.24
100,700.61
242,811.53
71,753.69
12,544.00
75.000.00
93,600.00
1,798,203
56,049
1,482,292
391,973.40
232,667.41
44,952.00
127.285
4,100,132
123,599
9.899,128
$129,621,542.88
$20,527,951.53 | $12,716,305.68
$2,517,667.08
40,977,229 375,335,441 3,569,082
423.362.032
117
204
and its connecting roads has a gauge of 4.71 ft., the same as New England roads generally. The Buffalo & State Line R. R. has
a gauge of 4.83 feet, like the Ohio roads ; and a few tracks near Suspension Bridge have a gauge of 5.5 feet, like that of the
principal roads in Canada.
Conductors, baggagemen, and brakesmen 553,122.23
Enginemen and firemen 552,985.29
Fuel and cost of labor in preparing for use 1,598,250.16
Oil and waste for engines and tenders 204,078.43
Oil and waste for cars' 54,202.29
Loss and damage to goods and baggage 9s',939.98
Damages for injuries to persons 135,214.26
Damages for property and for cattle killed 18,519.15
General superintendence 203,301 81
Contingencies 545,259.03
Other costs 906,669.45
Total cost of operating roads $6,636,051.33
Earnings.
From passenger business $ 9,016,747.50
From freight business, city roads excluded. 10,532,714.97
From other sources 759 591.33
Total earnings for all roads $20,309,053.85
Payments for transportation expenses $12,830,526.87
Payments for interest 4,156,997.05
Payments for dividends on stock 2,503,013,93
Amount carried to surplus fund 218 541.42
Total payment for all roads $19,709,079.27
Accidents.
Number of passengers killed ,.. 20
Number of passengers injured .142
Number of employees killed 29
Number of employees injured .. 24
Number of others killed. !'....!....!!!!!!!...'. 68
Number of others injured j 36
Total number killed !!!!ll7
Total number injured ..1'.202
Total number killed, excluding city roads .'.'.".' !.'."."".".'.114
Total number injured, excluding city roads. 191
4,777,786.65
1,920,498.40
9,047,417.34
6,884,506.70
2,670,501.01
5,586,736.19
Cost of Construction and of Equipment.
Grading and masonry $58,355,306.85
Bridges 2,396,300.42
Superstructure, including iron 28,165,443.55
Passenger and freight stations, buildings and fix-
tures
Engine and car houses, machine shops, ma-
chinery and fixtures
Land damages, and fences
Locomotives and fixtures and snow plows
Passenger and baggage cars
Freight and other cars
Engineering and agencies 12.102,948.10
Total cost of construction and equipment 131,907,445.21
Total cost of same, excluding city roads 126,873,010.70
Excluding City Rail Roads, the following deductions per Mile.
Average cost per mile $52,916.23
Average cost single track per mile 34,206.05
Average number of miles traveled by each passenger 33.17
Average number of passengers to each train 60.72
Average distance each ton of freight is transported
in miles 120.91
Average number of tons in each freight train 77.54
Average number of trains over each track daily. ... 8.54
Average Cost per Mile of Road.
For maintaining of road way $1,511.70
For repairs of machinery 892.47
For operating road 2,415.49
Average Cost per Mile of Single Track.
For maintaining of roadway $ 677.19
For repairs of machinery 577.45
For operating road 1,561.42
Average amount received for passengers per mile, 1.98 cts.
Proportion of passengers killed to miles traveled, 1 to 18,657,969.
Proportion of passengers killed to passengers traveling, 1 to
562,504.
Proportion of expenses to earnings, 63 to 100.32.
76
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads.
NAMES OF RAH ROADS.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connections.
Remarks.
Adirondack
April 1, 1839
April 23,1850
Feb. 12, 1851
Co. not organ 'd
June 28, 1852
Sept. 20,1852
April 19,1847
April 2, 1851
April 17, 1832
Dec. 1, 1858
Sept. 16, 1852
May 3, 1836
May 14, 1845
May 21, 1836
April 24,1832
May 21, 1836
May 13, 1836
May 1, 1834
April 14,1832
Aug. 17, 1850
March 24, 1831
April 29, 1833
April 17,1832
May 21, 1836
Jan. 27, 1853
May 1, 1836
Aug. 11, 1858
May 12, 1836
Feb. 25, 1857
Sept. 1, 1857
May 21, 1853
April 18,1838
April 29,1833
June 26, 1850
March 18, 1852
April 14,1832
May 12, 1846
$100,000
400,000
335,000
Adirondack Iron Works and >
Nothing done.
Merged in Albany Northern R.R.
Sold, and succeeded by Albany,
Vermont, & Canada R. R.
Nothing don
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Changed from Mohawk & Hud-
son, and merged in the New
York Central R. R., May 17,
1853.
Partly graded.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly graded.
Consolidated as Buffalo & Roches-
ter, afterward as Buffalo & N.
York City R, R., at present
as Buffalo, New York, & Erie.
Consolidated, and is now the Buf-
falo & New York City R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated in New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Consolidated in New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done,
Nothing done
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
(Consolidation of the Buffalo.
Corning, and New York K. K.
and part of Buffalo & New
York City R. R.
Partly done.
Not constructed by this organi-
zation.
Horse-power. Since abandoned.
Now the Buffalo; New York &.
Erie R. R.
Name changed from Buffalo A
Conhocton Valley R. R.
Surveyed and located.
Nothing d'-ne.
Allowed to purchase real estate
in 1857.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral R. R., 1853.
Connected with AtticaA Hornells-
ville R. R., and name changed
to Buffalo & New York City
R. R.
Consolidation of Attica & Buffalo
R. R. and Buffalo & New York
R.R.
Not constructed.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. in 1853.
Reorganized as the Buffalo, Pitts-
burg & St. Louis R. R.
Partly graded.
Formed by union of Tonawanda
and Attica & Buffalo R. Roads.
/Connected with Chemung R. R.
( to Elmira.
Formed from Canandaigna iCorn-
ing and Chemung R. Roads.
Leased to New York & Erie
R. R. Co.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. in 1858.
Albany, Bennington & Rutland
Albany, Bennington, and 1
Rut&nd J
Albany and Troy, and Rutland
R. R. at Eagle Bridge.
300,000
200,000
Albany & Saratoga Springs
f Albany Northern R. R. and)
Albany & Susquehann*
4,000,000
200,000
150,000
1,000,000
350,000
750,000
50.000
150,000
500,000
2,000,000
400,000
300.000
300,000
20,000
150,000
900,000
200,000
120,000
80,000
200.000
150,000
160,000
1,500,000
300,000
500,000
100,000
1,400,000
Atlantic & Great Western-
Attica & Allegany Valley
f Buffalo & New York Central )
\ R. R. and Penn. State Line j
Attica to Penn State Line
Attica & Buffalo
Attica & Hornellsville
Attica & Sheldon
Auburn & Rochester
Batavia and Attica & Buffalo R.R.
Bath and Crooked Lake
Bath & Coney Island.
Bath & Crooked Lake
Binghamton & Susquehanna
Binghamton and Penn. S. Line
f Rome or Herkimerand River \
Black River
Black River
Clayton and Mohawk Village....
(Outlet of Oneida Lake and)
Broadway R. R. Co. of Brooklyn
Brooklyn, Fort Hamilton
Through a part of Brooklyn
( Buffalo and proposed inter-')
< national bridge, opposite >
Buffalo, New York & Erie
Buffalo & Allegany Valley..
Buffalo & Batavia.
(Buffalo, New York & Erie)
( R.R at Corning .... j
(Buffalo and Attica & Alle-)
1 pany R. R j
Buffalo & Black Rock.
Buffalo & Conhocton Valley
Buffalo, Corning & New York
Buffalo & Erie
f Buffalo, New York & Erie R. R.
\ at Corning.
650,000
500,000
Buffalo & Hinsdale
Buffalo & Lake Huron (Canada)
April 27,1852
Jan. 16, 1851
April 8, 1851
June 23, 1853
May 3, 1834
Oct. 7, 1S52
Oct. 11, 1852
Oct. 8, 1850
April 12,1828
May 11, 1845
Sept. 11, 1852
600,000
350,000
Buffalo & New York.
Buffalo & New York City...
Buffalo, Tonawanda & Niagara
Falls
250,000
110,000
750,000
Tonawanda and Black Rock
Buffalo & Niagara Falls
Buffalo & Pittsburg
/Buffalo and State Line near")
j Clean j
Buffalo. Pittsburg & St. Louis...
Buffalo & Rochester
1,825,000
50,000
1,600,000
Canandaieua Railway & Trans- )
Cauandaigna and Watson
Canandaigua & Corning
Canandaigna & Elmira.
Canandaigua and Niagara Edge.
RAIL ROADS.
Bail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued.
77
NAMES OF RAIL ROADS.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connections.
Remarkt.
Canandaigua & Niagara Falls....
Dec. 10, 1850
Nov. 26, 1853
$1,000,000
1,000,000
Canandaigua and Erie Canal
Canandaigua and Syracuse
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
May 21 1836
250000
f Cassadaga Creek and Penn. 1
\ State Line j
Castleton & West Stockbridge...
Catskill & Canajoharie.
May 5, 1834
April 19 1830
300,000
600,000
Castleton and West Stockbridge
Nothing done under this organi-
zation.
Catskill & Ithaca
April 21 1828
1,500,000
Catskill and Ithaca
wards abandoned.
July 23 1851
50,000
1 New York & Erie R. R. and )
\ Penn. State Line j
May 16 1837
200,000
Cherry Valley & Snsqnehanna...
Clifton & South Clifton
May 10, 1836
March 8,1853
500,000
350,000
J Utica & Syracuse R. R. and )
1 New York & Erie R. R f
f Clifton and Vreeland Farm, \
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Jan 22, 1853
150,000
Clyde and Lake Ontario
May 21, 1836
75,000
Landing and Moss Hill Quarries
Nothing done.
April 30 1839
2,500
Cooperstown & Cherry Valley...
May 15, 1837
150,000
! Cooperstown and Canandai- 1
bering purposes.
Nothing done.
April 5, 1851
Corning and Blossburg Coal
Changed in 1854 to Blossburg &
Feb. 5, 1853
850,000
Region in Penn.
Corning and Olean
Corning R. R.
Nothing done.
May 15, 1837
500,000
March 22, 1832
300,000
Delaware
May 21, 1836
400,000
Delhi and Deposit
Nothing done.
March 1, 1853
600.000
April 15 1850
500000
March 28 1832
600,000
Dutchess ~
May 25, 1836
1,000,000
f Pous?hkeepsie and Mass, or \
Nothing done.
Elmira, Canandaigna, & Nia-1
April 24,1867
Elmira and Suspension Bridge. .
( Formed by connection of Ca-
nandaigua & Elmira and Ca-
April 21, 1832
75,000
[ R. Roads.
May 15, 1837
200,000
( Attica A Buffalo R. R. and )
Erie & New York City
July 11, 1851
750,000
1 Genesee & Cattaraugus R.R. j
| Little Valley Creek and\
Partly graded.
Fishhouse & Amsterdam
April 26, 1832
250,000
Fishkill Landing & State Line...
April 12, 1848
May 21, 1836
12,000
June 2, 1856
300,000
Genesee & Cattaraugus
May 15 1837
400000
/ Attica and New York & )
\ Erie R R ... j
Genesee & Hudson River
Dec 11 1852
7,000,000
April 11 1848
15,000
Geneseo & Pittsford
May 11 1836
I.IOIMHI
Geneva & Canandaigua
April 21 1828
100,000
Gilboa
April 15 1839
150000
Goshen & \lbany
April 12 1842
1,500,000
May 13 1837
150000
Great Ausable
April 17 1828
150000
April 18 1838
20000
f Greene and New" York & \
\ Erie R R . . j
Harlem & High Bridge
Aug 25 1S53
150 000
May 13 1836
200000
Honeoye
May 21 1836
250000
April 21 1858
350000
April 19 1830
500000
R. R.
April 9 1832
800 COO
f Ithaca and Geneva & Canau- )
( daigua R R J
i> Ol < * ' 11,"' 1 I 1 1( f M 1 .
Jan 28 1828
150 000
Ithaca & Port Renwick
April 16 1834
15 000
hanna R. R.
Jamesville
May 21 1836
25 000
May 13 1836
75 000
i Johnstown and Utica & Sy- 1
Jordan & Skaneatelea ;
May 6 1837
20000
Jordan and terminus Ska-1
Kingston Tnmpike & R. R
Lake Champlain & Ogdensburgh
Lake Ontario, Auburn & New )
York f
April 23, 1835
April 20,1832
Aprfl 15, 1851
20,000
3,000,000
1,500000
Esopus Creek and Kingston
Ogdensburgh and L. Champlain..
f Little Sodus Bay and Clyde &
1 Sodus R R
Not constructed.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
Grading commenced, but no part
Lake Ontario, Auburn ft New \
Ynrk f
May 9, 1856
1,500,000
The same
(Work resumed, but no part
Lake Ontario & Hudson River...
April 6, 1857
1 completed.
Lake Ontario & New York
Aug 20 1852
150 000
f Lewiston and mouth of Ni- \
bor & Saratoga R. R. No part
completed.
Langingburgh & Troy
May 19 1836
40000
TV th' d A
Lansingburgh & Troy
Nov. 13, 1853
10000
Dec 1 1851
500 000
Lewiston.
May 6, 1836
200000
rings a,
completed.
Lewiston and Niagara Falls
R. R. Co.
"78
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued.
NAME OF RAIL ROADS.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connections.
Remarks.
May 21, 1836
April 24,1834
May 21, 1836
April 17,1829
May 13, 1837
Nov. 28, 1853
April 28, 1834
March 29, 1832
May 15, 1834
May 13, 1836
Jan. 11, 1851
April 17, 1826
April 14,1857
May 11, 1837
May 21, 1836
May 12, 1851
April 17,1832
May 12, 1846
March 27, 1854
Feb. 18, 1852
Jan. 30, 1852
June 10, 1853
Aug. 23, 1858
June 4, 1852
Sept. 3, 1852
Sept. 1, 1847
Tuly 3, 1S52
May ' 14, 1845
April 15, 1858
Nothing done.
Merged in the New York Central
R. R.
Nothing done.
Preliminary surveys made. Noth-
ing else done.
fothing done.
Nothing done.
Name changed to Mohawk & St.
Lawrence R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
$ 175,000
350,000
70,000
350,000
310,000
75,000
150,000
100,000
200,000
2,000,000
300,000
jockport and Niagara Falls
Lockport and Youngstown
("Maiden and junction of|
< Smithbush and Esopus V
1 Roads )
Manhattanvilleand South Ferry
Little Falls and Nicholsville
Mayville & Portland.
Medina and Alexander
Medina & Lake Ontario
same changed to Albany & Sche-
nectady R. R. First R. R. in
the State.
Nothing done.
?ot constructed.
S'othing done.
Nothing done.
No part of the road completed
by this Company.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
("New York Central R. R. in"|
< Montgomery county and >
Mohawk & St. Lawrence R. R.
1,000,000
100,000
150,000
3,000,000
150,000
500,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
12,000,000
1,000,000
250,000
100,000
150,000
175,000
2,000,000
Nicholsville and Piseco Lake .. .
New York City
f Lower part of the city and \
New York & Albany
Ridgefield, Conn., and Harlem...
Newburgh and New Jersey 1
New York & Newburgh
New York & New Rochelle
New Rochelle and New York }
rstv
No part constructed..
New York & Troy
New York & Harlem R. R. I
Nothing done.
New York & Western
in Ghent and Troy f
State Line in Rockland Co. \
Surveyed, nothing further done.
Changed from Canandaigua &
Niagara Falls R. R. Leased to
New York Central R. R.
Nothing done.
G raded and rails laid, but not used.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Since changed to Ogdensburgh
R.R.
Allowed to extend from State Line
to Piermont. Constructed.
Route explored, nothing further
done.
Name changed from Northern.
Partly graded, and abandoned.
Allowed to build a R.R. on the
line of their route. Nothing
done.
Nothing done beyond surveys.
Nothing done.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Superseded by extension of North-
ern R. R. to Piermont.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated in New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Completed to near the Landing
in 18:52.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. on consolidation.
Nothing done under this organi-
zation.
Not constructed.
Not constructed.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral in 1855.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly graded. Name changed
to Lake Ontario and Hudson
R.R.
Surveyed, but nothing further
done.
Niagara Bridge & Canandaigua..
Niagara Falls, Buffalo, & New
York
N iagara Bridge and Canandaigua
Suspension Bridge and Buffalo-
Niagara Falls and Youngstown.
Niagara Falls and Lewiston.
Viagara Falls & Lake Ontario ...
Niagara Falls & Lewistown
Rouses Point and Ogdensburgh
Northern (N. J.)
Northern Slackwater & Railway
Co ".
May 13, 1846
Dec. 31, 1857
Feb. 19, 1853
April 9, 1829
Aug. 14, 1855
Jan. 12, 1853
Feb. 21, 1854
May 13, 1S36
April 26, 1832
May 21. 1836
May J6, 1837
Dec. 4, 1857
March 17, 1851
April 17, 1829
Dec. 10, 1850
March 26, 1831
May 3, 1852
May 15, 1837
July 18, 1853
Dec. 27, 1852
Aug. 1, 1850
May 13. 1837
May 21, 1S36
April 10, 1848
Aug. 25, 1855
2,000,000
1,538,500
2,000,000
Ogdensburgh
Ogdensburgh. Clayton, & Rome.
Orange & Sussex Canal Co
Oswego,Bmghamton,& New York
Oswego Northern & Eastern
Oswego & Troy
400,000
400,000
2,000.000
750.000
200,000
500,000
12,000
40,000
500,000
50,000
( Oswego andWhitehall & Rut- j
1 land R R /
Oswego and Troy
Oswego & Utica
Owego & Cortland
Owego and Cortland or Homer ..
Penneld & Canal
( Piermont and terminus of)
-} Northern R. R. (N. J.) at V
( State Line . J
Plattsburgh & Rouses Point
Plattsburgh and Rouses Point-
Rochester, Lockport, & Niagara
Falls
Rochester and Niagara Falls
Rochester and Lake Ontario
Rochester & Canal Rail Road....
Rochester & Lake Ontario
30,000
100.000
400,000
1,000,000
2011.000
4,200.000
350.000
100.000
2,000,000
110.000
Rochester & Lockport
fGenesee Valley R. R. and!
{ Allegany Valley R. R J
Rome & Port Ontario
Rutland & Whitehall
IWhiteliall :'iid Rutland
Sackets Harbor & Saratoga.
Sackets Harbor & Watertown....
Jackets Harbor and Saratoga. ..
Sackets Harbor and Watertown
RAIL ROADS.
79
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued.
NAMES OF RAIL ROADS.
Date (if
Organization.
Capital,
Connections.
Remarks.
April 27,1829
April 6, 1832
April 17,1832
May 6, 1836
May 2, 1834
May 13, 1846
May 13, 1846
May 21, 1836
April 25, 1832
April 12,1838
May 21, 1836
April 18,1888
May 19, 1836
March 13, 1838
March 8, 1852
May 21, 1836
Aug. 2, 1851
May 21, 1836
May 13, 1836
July 2, 1851
Oct. 13, 1856
May 11, 1836
Jan. 20, 1853
1841
April 14,1832
Mav 15, 1837
April 18, 1831
Feb. 10, 1853
May 10, 1836
May 16, 1837
May 21, 1836
May 9, 1836
May 18, 1853
April 29,1833
April 25,1832
Sept. 18, 1852
June 26, 1854
April 17,1832
May 5, 1834
May 13, 1837
Dec. 8, 1853
May 13, 1838
May 21, 1836
Nov. 7, 1856
Feb. 1854
Dec. 15, 1852
April 26,1833
June 29, 1853
$ 375,000
100,000
200,000
150,000
600,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
500,000
300,000
100,000
200,000
50,000
25,000
Syracuse and Port Watson
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done by this company.
Nothing done.
Name changed to Saratoga &
Whitehall R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral &. R. in 1853.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly constructed but afterwards
abandoned.
Nothing done.
Constructed, but since abandoned.
Changed from Skaneateles R.R.
Partly graded; work stopped in
1854.
Not constructed.
Not constructed.
Surveyed. Nothing further done.
Nothing done.
Opened in 1854. Name changed
to Syracuse & Southern R. R.
Successor of Syracuse & Bing-
hamton R. R. Name changed
to Syracuse, Binghamton, &
New York R. R.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral R.R. in 1853.
Not constructed.
( Sold in 1852, and named changed
< to Corning & Blossburg
(_ R. R.
Consolidated with Attica & Buffalo
R. R. in 1850.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated with New York
Central R. R. in 1853.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed and nothing furthei
done.
Surveyed and nothing further
done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
Not constructed by this company.
Allowed to build Horse R. Road,
for 21 years.
Saratoga Springs & Schuylerville
f Saratoga Springs and Schuy- \
\ lerville j
Saratoga and Fort Edward
Saratoga & Montgomery
f Ballston Spa and W. branch 1
Saratoga and Vt. State Line
Schenectady and Catskill
Schenectady & Susquehanna
/ Schenectady and New York 1
| & Erie R. R J
Schoharie & Otsego
f Catskill & Central R.R. and 1
Scottsville and Canandaigua
Scottsville and LeRoy.
Sharon & Root
/Branch of Catskill & CanaO
f Skaneateles and some point)
J. on Skaneateles & Jordan >
( R.R j
350,000
250,000
300,000
500,000
75,000
1,200,000
1,201,300
1,008,000
600,000
fSodus Point and Catskill &
1 Ithaca R. R.
/From near Quarantine to)
Staten Island
Clifton and Tottenville
Syracuse, Cortland & Bing-\
Syracuse and Binghamton
Syracuse and Stone quarries
Syracuse and Binghamton
Syracuse Stone
Syracuse and Binghamton
Syracuse and Utica
Syracuse & Utica Direct
Syracuse and Utica
Tioga Coal, Iron Mining, & 1
f Bituminous coal region and 1
500,000
500,000
100,000
2,500.000
600,000
500,000
500,000
600,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
300,000
250,000
100,000
100,000
200,000
50,000
500,000
500,000
6,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
Rochester and Attica
Trenton and Sackets Harbor
Troy and Bennington, Yt. . .
Troy Turnpike & Rail Road
Troy & West Stockbridge
Troy and West Stockbridge
Geneva and New York & \
Erie R.R ... f
Ulster County
Kingston and New York &1
Erie R.R }
Unadilla & Schoharie
Mouth of Unadilla River"]
and New York & Erie >
R.R j
Utica & Binghamton
Utica & Schenectady
Utica and Schenectady .
Utica & Susquehanna
Utica and Snsquehanna
Utica & Syracuse Straight Line..
Utica & Waterville
Utica and Syracuse
Glens Falls and Caldwell
f Branch of New York & Erie 1
) near Chester J
Washington County Central
Watertown & Cape Vincent
Pittstown and Greenwich . .
Watertown and Cape Vincent....
West Troy and Schenectady
Harbor River and New Rochelle..
Westchester County
West Side
Whitehall & Plattsburgh
Whitehall and Plattsburgh.
Whitehall and Rutland, Vt
Williamsbnrgb. and New Lots....
Whitehall & Rutland
Williamsburgh, Brooklyn, >
Hush wick & New Lots J
CORPORATIONS.
CORPORATIONS were generally formed under special acts until the adoption of the Constitution of
1846, which directed that general laws should be passed for this purpose, and forbade special legis-
lation, except for municipal purposes and in cases where the purpose to be attained could not other-
wise be effected. The Legislature has power to alter and repeal the powers of any corporation
formed under the general laws. The articles of association or declaration of intention must in all
cases be filed in some office of record specified in the general acts ; and limitations of time, capital,
and location must be specified. The stockholders of the more important classes of corporations
are personally liable to an extent equal to the amount of stock owned. Under the present Con-
stitution, general acft of incorporation have been passed for a variety of purposes, all of which
belong to one of 4 general classes. 1
Class I. includes those whose articles are filed in the office of the Secretary of State.
1. "An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Companies to construct Plank. Roads and
Turnpikes." 2
2. " An Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Mining, Mechanical, and
Chemical Purposes" was passed Feb. 8, 1848. 3
3. "An Act to authorize the formation of Gas Light Companies" was passed Feb. 16,1848.*
1 Constitution, Art. VIII, Revised Statutes. Previous to 1846,
general laws existed for the organization of religious societies,
(17^4 ;) colleges and academies, (1787;) public libraries, (1796 ;)
medical societies, (1806;) manufacturing companies, (1811;)
banks, (1S38 :) and agricultural societies, (1819, 1841.)
2 Several hundred of these corporations were formed and
Beveral thousand miles of plank road built in 1848-52. It is
probable that less than 5 per cent, of these are now in use,
having mostly been abandoned and divided into road districts
as public highways. The companies were required to report,
but generally neglected to do so; and few general statistics are
preserved concerning them.
3 These companies, though quite numerous, were not required
to report; and statistics concerning them cannot be obtained.
Many companies that filed their articles never went into
operation.
4 Gas Light Companies.
A * indicates companies not in operation.
NAMES OF COMPANIES.
Albany Gas Light Consumers' Co.* Feb. 18. 1856
Albion Gas Light Co.* March 13, 1856
Albion Gas Light Co.. May 13, 1858
Astoria Gas Co Dec. 1, 1853
Auburn Gas Light Co Jan. 29, 1850
BataviaGas Light Co June 11,1855
Bioghamtou Gas Light Co..... June 25, 1853
Brockport Gas Light Co .Tan. 17,1859
Brooklyn Gas Co.* Oct. 21, 1848
Brooklyn Consolidated Gas Light Co Oct. 24, 1856
Buffalo City Gas Light Co March 12, 1853
Buffalo Gas Light Co Feb. 29, 1848
Canandaigua Gas Light Co Aug. 3, 1853
Catskill Gas Light Co_ July 13, 1855
Citizens' Gas Light Co -. Oct. 26,1858
Citizens' Gas Light Co. of the City of Rochester Jan. 22, 1852
Citizens' Independent Gas Co June 13,1859
Cohoes Gas Light Co Sept. 13, 1852
ElmiraGas Light Co May 8,1852
Fishkill Gas Light Co July 20, 1858
Flushing Gas Light Co July 18, 1855
Fulton Gas Light Co June 12,1858
Gas Light Co. of Syracuse Feb. 9, 1849
Geneva Gas Light Co NOT. 24, 1852
Glens Falls Gas Light Co June 17, 1854
Green Point Gas Light Co - Nov. 29, 1853
Harlem Gas Light Co Feb. 5,1855
HempsteadGas Light Co April 18,1857
Hempstead Gas Light Co April 9,1859
Hudson Gas Co Feb. 23, 1853
Hudson Gas Light Co.* May 22, 1852
Ithaca Gas Light Co Oct. 28,1852
Jamaica Gas Light Co June 2, 1856
Johnstown Gas Light Co March 16, 1857
Lansingburgh Gas Light Co Feb. 28,1853
Lockport Gas Light Co March 17, 1851
Lyons Gas Light Co Jan. 25, 1859
Manhattan Gas Light Co Oct. 4, 1855
Morrisania Gas Light Co Oct. 28, 1852
NewburghGas Light Co May 17, 1852
New York Mutual Saving Gas Light Co.*. Sept. 20, 1852
Ogdensburgh Gas Co Aug. 23, 1854
Ogdensburgh Gas Light Co June 15, 1853
Ogdensburgh Gas Light & Coke Co June 11, 1854
Oswego Gas Light Co April 22, 1852
Owego Gas Light Co March 24, 1856
80
Date of Organization.
Original Capital
175,000
20,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
32,000
50,000
200,000
500,000
150,000
150,000
50,000
40,000
1,000,000
50,000
50.000
60,000
15,000
40,000
12,000
100,000
75,000
35,000
100,000
120,000
15,000
60,000
60.000
75,000
30,000
18,000
100,000
17,000
200,000
60,000
1,500,000
75.000
100,000
75,000
65,000
40,000
Present Capital.
$75,000
20,000
30,000
20,000
50,000
32,000
50,000
200,000
600,000
150,000
750,000
50,000
40,000
1,000,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
15,000
61,000
12,000
100,000
75,000
35,000
40,000
360,000
15,000
50,000
60,000
75,000
20,000
18.000
100,000
40,000
2,000,000
200,000
70,000
1,500,000
75,000
100,000
75,000
65,000
40,000
CORPORATIONS.
81
4. " An Act for the incorporation of Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific, and Mis-
sionary Societies" was passed April 12, 1848. 1
5. " An Act to provide for the incorporation and regulation o/" Telegraph Companies"
was passed April 12, 1848, and amended June 24, 1853. 2
6. "An Act for the incorporation of Building, Mutual Loan, and Accumulating
Fund Associations" was passed April 10, 1851. 3
7. " An Act to provide for the formation of Insurance Companies" was passed April
10, 1849.*
Gas Light Companies, continued.
NAMES OP COMPANIES.
Date of Organization.
Original Capital.
Present Capital.
Oct. 29, 1856
July 18, 1855
July 5, 1859
Dec. 18, 1850
April 26, 1856
May 12, 1848
Dec. 28, 1850
May 27, 1854
Aug. 4, 1853
June 19, 1849
July 17, 1856
Dec. 24, 1856
May 3, 1854
July 25, 1855
March 14, 1856
Nov. 30, 1848
March 4, 1859
Aug. 23, 1858
April 6, 1848
Nov. 23, 1848
Oct. 4, 1858
Feb. 28, 1852
Nov. 18, 1852
Jan. 31, 1853
July 5, 1850
May 12, 1854
12,500
40,000
70.000
200,000
100,000
20,000
65,000
75,000
50,000
50,000
80,000
80,000
35,000
150,000
100,000
30,000
100,000
100,000
12,000
20,000
200,000
100,000
80,000
70,000
12,500
31,000
70,000
350,000
200,000
30,000
65,000
75.000
70,000
50,000
80,000
80,000
35,000
150.000
100,000
30,000
200.000
80^000
12,000
20,000
200.000
100,000
449,500
70,000
Peekskill Gas Light Co
PJattshurgh Gas Light Co . .
Poughkeepsie Gas Light Co
Rochester Gas Light Co
Rondout & Kingtons Gas Light Co
Sing Sing Gas Manufacturing Co
Statin Island Gas Light Co
Tarrytown and Irvington Union Gas Light Co
The Consumers' Gas Light Co of Saratoga Springs
Troy Gas Light Co
UticaGas Light Co
Waterfovd Gas Light Co
West Farms Gas Light Co
West Troy Gas Light Co ..
Williamsburgh Gas Light Co
Yonkers Gas Light Co
1 These companies are not required to report.
2 These companies make no report; and there is no official
knowledge concerning those now existing. Several of those
formed never went into operation, and others have been con-
solidated. The N. Y. & Erie R. R. have a telegraph for regu-
lating the trains upon that road. The N. Y. Central and some
other roads have the exclusive or preferred use of telegraph
wires along their route for like purposes.
Telegraph Companies.
A * indicates companies not in operation.
NAME.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
NAME.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Albany, Springfield & Boston Di-
May 19, 1854
Dec. 12, 1855
June 15, 1857
Dec. 4, 1852
Jan. 25, 1856
Nov. 13, 1854
May 30, 1855
April 24,1852
July 19, 1853
April 10, 1857
March 24, 1858
Sept. 23, 1852
May 31, 1848
Jan. 25, 1856
Nov. 19, 1855
April 8, 1851
Feb. 21, 1854
Sept. 15, 1853
$ 35,000
200.000
300,000
400
15.000
11.250
20,000
11.250
11.250
80 ; 000
40.000
40,000
250,000
40.000
360,000
170,000
60,000
New York & Montreal Telegraph Co.*
New York & New England Tel. Co.* ..
New York & New England Tel. Co
New York & Philadelphia Branch
Telegraph Co
Oct. 23, 1852
April 26,1849
July 3, 1852
April 24,1848
Aug. 13, 1852
May 26, 1852
Dec. 22, 1852
Aug. 26, 1850
July 15, 1850
May 15, 1850
Sept. 30, 1851
Sept. 22, 1855
May. 19,1857
Jan. 18, 1S58
July 25, 1857
Aug. 2, 1852
July 14, 1855
$ 40.000
42,300
30,000
15,000
25,000
200,000
10,000
200,000
200.000
25,000
4,000
20.000
100,000
100,000
50,000
6,400
3,000
American Telegraph Co*
Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Co.*..
Baldwiusville Electro Magnetic
Telegraph Co *
New York & Sandy Hook Telegraph
Co
Buffalo, Corning & New York
Telegraph Co
New Y'ork & Washington Printing
Telegraph Co
Central & Southern Telegraph Co.*
Eastern & Western Telegraph Co.*
Erie & Central Junction Tel. Co.*..
Erie & Central Junction Tel Co
Genesee Valley Turnpike Co
New York & Western Union Tele-
graph Co
New York, St. Louis & New Orleans
Long Island, Marine & Inland
Telegraph Co
New York State Printing Telegraph
Co*
Merch-ints' Telegraph Co.* !
.New York State Telegraph Co.*
New York, Albany & Buffalo Elec-
tro Magnetic Telegraph Co
New York, Albany A Buffalo Tele-
graph Co. ,incorp. by special act*
New York & Canada House's Print-
ing Telegraph Co
Syracuse, Oswego & Ogdensburgh
Telegraph Co. . . T
Transatlantic Telegraph Co*
Transatlantic & Submarine Tele-
New York & Mississippi Tel. Co.*..
New Yoik & Mississippi Valley
Printing Telegraph Co.*
Troy, Albany &. Boston Telegraph Co..
Utica & Oxford Magnetic Telegraph
Co. . ..
New York & Montreal Printing
Telegraph Co.*
West Troy, Lansingburgh,Waterford
3 These associations were chiefly limited to the vicinity of New
York numbering 72 in New York Co.. about 40 in Kings co.,
with a few in Queens, Richmond, and Westchester. Their ope-
rations consisted in raising money by subscription of the mem-
bers, to be loaned to that member who would allow the highest
premium, the avowed intention being to afford to people of hum-
ble means the opportunity of securing for each a home. This
absurd fallacy found multitudes of dupes ; and in the competition
for loins the premiums paid in some instances ran as high as
one half of the amount loaned. The mode of appropriating
loans varied. It appeared in evidence before the legislative
committee of 1855 that in one instance it was as follows : " The
names of all the shareholders who are not more than four weeks
in arrear are put in the end of a quill, and all put into a bottle;
the whole is then shaken, and the name which first conies out
on reversing the bottle has the right to the appropriation."
Nearly or quite all of these associations have been abandoned,
a few only being kept together by the complexity of their inter-
ests and obligations, which are not readily adjusted. A statement
showing the operation of these associations was reported by a spe-
cial legislative committee in 1856. Afsem. Doc., 1856, A". 4 ,p. 16.
* This act relates to Marine Insurance Companies wliich make
no report. A list of them will be found in the general list of
Insurance Companies, pp. 83 to 89.
82
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
8. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to \;i \ ii.V!if the Ocean by
Steamships" was passed April 12, 1852. *
9. "An Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Ferry Purposes" was passed
April 9, 1853. 2
10. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Navigate the Waters of
Lake George by Steamboats" was passed January 14, 1854. 3
11. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Navigate the Lakes and
Rivers" was passed April 15, 1854. Cos. report annually to the State Engineer and Surveyor.*
1 Previous to 1852, Steamship Cos. were incorp. by special acts ; since that tijne they have organized under the general act.
Ocean Steam Navigation Companies.
NAMES OF COMPANIES.
Date of Or-
ganization.
Capital.
NAMES OP COMPANIES.
Date of Or-
ganization.
Capital.
Amazon Steamship Co
Dec. 26, 1853
$55,000
N. Y. & Havre Steamship Co
Jan. 13, 1855
$700 000
Amer. Atlantic Steam Nav. Co....
( Feb. 23. 1839, 1
1&May8,1845j
Jan 6, 1854
2,000,000
300,000
N. Y. & Matanzas Steamship Co....
iN. Y. & New Orleans Steamship Co.
Jan. 15, 1859
Sept. 12, 1854
April 14 1827
360,000
100 000
May 26 1855
686000
IN Y & Southern Steamship Co
Sept 29 1853
500000
Cal.. N.Y., & Europ. Steamship Co.
Cal., N.Y., & Burop. Steamship Co.
Oct. 1, 1858
Oct. 1, 1859
July 7 1852
00,000
400000
IN. Y. & Virginia Steamship Co
North American Steam Nav. Co....
April 10, 1850
May 1, 1839
May 8 1S46
300.000
1,500,000
1 000 000
Jan 25, 1853
1 500 000
May 6 1839
1 000 000
N Y Bait & Alex Steamship Co
Oct 27 1852
1-Jii IIIIM
April 7 1S19
250 000
N. Y. & Boston Steamboat Co
April 19, 1828
150 000
Dec 26 1853
1 Mill {Hill
N. Y. & California Steamship Co...
N. Y. & fialway Steamship Co....
March 15. 1853
s-pt. 6,1853
March 11 1853
1.501 i.i mi
1.000,000
100 000
Staten Island & N.J. Steam Nav. Co.
U. S. & Cent. American Transit Co.
March 17, 1853
June 25, 1859
March 13 1S54
50,000
100 000
N. Y. & Havana Steamship Co
Jan. 14, 1859
W. India & Venezuela Steamship Co
March 8, 1856
150,000
8 The Ferry Companies are required to report annually to the Secretary of State ; but the reports are not published.
Ferry Companies formed under the General Act.
NAMES OP COMPANIES.
Datf of Or-
ganization.
Capital.
NAMES OF COMPANIES.
Date nf Or-
ganization.
Capital.
Brooklyn Ferry Co
Feb. 26, 1855
$100.000
People's Ferry Co. (N. Y. to Wil-
Esopus & Hyde Park Ferry Co
Nov. 7, 1S54
3,000
liamsburgh)
April 21. 1S53
$300.000
Fort Montgomery Ferry Co
Flushing. College Point & N. Y.
Steam Ferry Co
April 19,1853
June 29, 1859
500,000
Piermont & Dearman Ferry Co
Rhinebeck & Kingston Ferry Co...
Rosevelt & Bridge St. Ferry Co.
Sept. 5, 1853
May 7, 1853
50.000
8,000
Jan 21 1854
12000
(N Y to Brooklyn)
April 26 1853
250 000
Long Island Ferry Co (N "Y &
Sidney & Unadilla Ferry Co
April 25, 1855
100
Brooklyn)
May 9, 1859
Staten Island & N. Y. Ferry Co
Oct. 26, 1853
900.000
Navy Yard Ferry Co....
June 20. 1859
Union Ferrv Co. of Brooklyn....
Nov. 9, 1854
800,000
8 The only Company formed under this act is the Lake George Steamboat Co., incorp. Jan. 20, 1854. It has a capital of $20,000.
4 Inland Steam Navigation Companies.
NAMES OF COMPANIES.
Date of
Organ h
Capital.
NAMES OF COMPANIES.
Date nf
Organization.
Capital.
Feb 3 1858
$80 000
Feb. 20, 1856
500,000
.Inn 11 1855
540 000
New York Transportation Cn
April 1ft, 1S54
100,000
Archimedean Propeller Co
June 1, 1859
200.000
New York & Albany Propeller Line
Dec. 1, 1856
40.000
Black Kiver Steamboat Co . .
April 12 1848
25 000
New York *t Western Towing Co...
Sept. 21.1V57
55.000
Black River Steamboat Co
\pril 4 iv'iii
10 000
Sept. 2. IS 54
50.000
Feb 25 1856
25 000
Feb. 6, 1855
300 000
Buffalo & ToledoTransportation Co.
May 6, 1856
Aug 15 1854
120.000
'0 000
Northern Transportation Line
North River Steamboat Co d
April 6, 1857
March 10, 1820
59.500
600 000
Feb ""' l v '^
50 000
May 2, 1856
300 000
May 4 18-'f|
10 000
Crooked Lake Steamboat Co
\pril ]s I-".;
5000
Co
April 2, 1838
10,000
Dutchess & Orange Steamboat Co..
April 2n. 1*2.-,
ipril 24 Ift 1 ^
100.000
20 000
Ontario Steam & Canal Boat Co./....
1842
May 12, 1869
100,000
April 21 1829
] 5 000
Ontario & St Lawrence Steam-
Fulton Steamboat Co
April 18 1815
250 000
boat Co 9
1848
Harlem & New York Nav Co
Jan 14 issfl
27 000
Orangetown Point Steamboat Co...
April 16, 1830
10.000
April 2n 1825
200 000
March 30, 1827
50,000
Sept 15 ISafi
20 000
1842
March 12 1813
200000
April 6, 1825
20,000
Suffolk Steamboat Co
March 25, 1829
8,000
Mav 11 1835
100000
May H, 1835
50,000
March 10 1820
114 000
Troy Steamboat Co
March 31, 1825
80,000
Lake Erie Transportation Co
LTke Erie & Buff'ilo Steamboat Co
Nov. 20. 1856
March 23 1859
100.000
'1 1 1 II HI
rnited States Mail Steamship Co...
April 5,
Dec 8, 1855
1,500,000
800000
Lake Ontario Steamboat Co c
Jan. 28, 1831
100000
Capital reduced to $270.000 Jan. 15, 1859.
Charter expired April 11, 1838. The iirst steamboat on
Lake Champlain was in 1810.
' Merged in the Ontario & St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in 1848.
Exclusive individual and corporate rishts for steam naviga-
tion upon the waters of this State have been granted under
special acts, as follows: An act was passed March 19,1797,
granting to John Fitch the sole right of steam navigation in
the waters of the State for a period of fourteen years. Having
<* Charter expired April 11, 1838.
Charter limited to 20 years. Reincorporated April 12, 1842.
/ Merged in the Ontario & St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in 1848.
ff Merged in the American Steamboat Co. in 1858.
done nothing for ten years, this act was repealed in 1798. An
act was passed March 27. 1798. granting to Robert R. Livingston
the sole right of navigating by steam for twenty years, con-
diti.iin-d to building a boat of at least 20 tons, capable of moving
four miles per hour agaiust the current of Hudson River. This
CORPORATIONS.
83
12. "An Act for the Incorporation of Associations for Improving the Breed of
Horses" was passed April 15, 1854. 1
13. " An Act to facilitate the formation of Agricultural and Horticultural Socie-
ties" was passed June 8, 1853, and amended April 15, 1855. 2
Class II. includes all those whose certificates are required to be filed in the Comptroller's office.
1. " An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Life and Health Insurance Com-
panies, and in relation to Agencies of such Companies," was passed June 24, 1853. 3
2. " An Act to provide for the Incorporation of fire Insurance Companies" was passed
June 25, 1853. 4
1 The following companies have been formed under this act :
NAMES.
Place.
When formed.
Nov 26 1855
National Association
May 29 1854
July 31 1855
Union Association
July 31 1858
2 For Table of Agricultural Societies, see pp. 102, 103.
privilege was extended two years, March 29, 1799, to enable
Nicholas J. Rosevelt to complete experiments. By act passed
in 1798, Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton secured the
exclusive right of navigating by steam for a period of twenty
years ; and by an act passed April 11, 1808, an extension of five
years was granted for each new boat the whole time, however,
not to exceed thirty years. This monopoly was contested in
the State aud Federal Courts, in a suit begun in 1819, and
finally decided in the Supreme Court of the U. S. in Feb. 1824,
as repugnant to the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to
regulate commerce. So far as these acts prohibited vessels
licensed by the laws of the United States from carrying on a
coasting trade, they were void. Johnson's Reports, IV, 148 ;
Cowan's Reports, III, 713 ; Wheatoris Reports, IX, 1.
3 These companies report annually to the Comptroller. A list
of them is given in the general list of Insurance Companies.
* These companies were formerly created by special acts,
generally for periods of 20, 21, or 30 years. Until about 1834
they were almost invariably upon the joint stock principle. For
many years this class of investments was considered extremely
reliable, and large dividends were often paid to the stock-
holders. The great fire in New York in Dec. 1835, proved a
heavy disaster to almost all the Insurance companies then
formed, and many of them were prostrated by it. This event
soon led to the formation of Mutual Insurance Companies in
almost every county in the State : most of these companies have
since become insolvent. A graphic and truthful statement of
the operations that ruined these companies is given in the Comp-
trollers Report on Fire Insurance Cos. of 1854. A general law,
passed April 10, 1849, provided for the incorporation of these
companies, under which risks of every kind might be taken.
Th frauds perpetrated under this system rendered a revision
indispensable; and in 1853 two general laws were enacted, one
for the formation of companies for insurance of life aud health,
and the other against loss by fire, or inland navigation, and
transportation. The articles of association (under the law of
1849, required to be filed in the Secretary's office) were, by
these acts, filed in the Comptroller's office, and general powers
were conferred upon the Comptroller, with the view of protecting
the public from any frauds that might be attempted, and to
secure the equal and uniform operation of the laws relating to
insurance. Annual reports are made to the Comptroller, and by
him to the Legislature, under each of these laws. Marine In-
surance companies are still filed in the Secretary's office, but
are required to make no report.
Insurance companies formed under the laws of other States
or countries cannot establish agencies in this State without
first depositing with the Comptroller a certified copy of their
charters, and of the vote or resolution creating the agency, a
statement of their condition, and proof that their capital is
ecjual to that required, by the laws of this State, and, if a
Life Insurance company, securities to the amount of $100,000,
for the benefit of policy holders. Foreign Marine Insurance
companies are required to pay 2 per cent, upon all premiums
received by any agent; and a bond in the penal sum of $1,000
is required of every agent of such companies for the pay-
ment of this tax. This tax was first collected in 1858, and
amounted to $3,742.55. Several companies are not required to
report their statistics to the Legislature. The aggregate reports
of Fire Insurance Companies for 1857 show the following
results :
Capital invested $16,731,010.00
Cash premiums received 0,051,304.87
Gross amount of income 7,577,872.62
Losses paid 2,898,166.11
Dividends paid 2,240,434.72
Taxes paid 2J3,062.79
Gross expenditures 6,855,953.88
Unpaid claims 908,683.00
The following tables comprise the companies which have
been incorporated under special acts or the general laws of the
State. Foreign companies authorized to transact business in
the State are not included in the list :
Insurance Companies in the State on 1st day of Jan. 1858.
NAME.
Location.
Date of Act, or
nf filing arti-
cles of associ-
ation.
Expiration
of charter.
Mod-, or
Mutual.
Nature
of risks
allowed.
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
JEtna Fire Insurance Co. of New York."
March 31, 1824
Nov. 24, 1858
Sep't. 25, 1851
March 8,1811
April 21, 1857
July 16, 1853
June 11, 1851
April 18, 1843
Feb. 20, 1851
April 11, 1842
March 4,1853
Feb. 4, 1857
Oct. 2, 1849
April 3, 1824
April 1, 1836
April 28, 1836
April 26, 1833
March 81, 1878
Nov. 24, 1888
Sept. 25, 1881
Feb. 18, 1881
April 21, 1887
July 16, 1883
June 11, 1881
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s
s.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
m.
f.n.
m. n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.
f.
f.
$200,000
150,000
125,000
200,000
250,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
200.000
102,000
150,000
210,000
Adriatic Fire Insurance Co
Agricultural Mutual Insurance Co. 6
Watertown
(Albany Insurance Co. c .
American Fire Insurance Co
Arctic Fire Insurance Co
'Astor Fire Insurance Co
New York
, Astor Mutual Insurance Co
Atlantic Fire Insurance Co
Feb. 20, 1881
April 11, 1872
March 4. 1883
Feb. 4, 1887
Oct. 2, 1879
April 3, 1866
April 1, 1876
April 28, 1866
April 26, 1863
Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co
New York
JBeekman Fire Insurance Co
Brevoort Fire Insurance Co
Broadway Insurance Co
Brooklyn Fire Insurance Co
Brooklyn
Chautauque County Mutual Insurance Co
Citizens' Fire Insuranre Co. d
New York
New York..-
City Fire Insurance Co
a Re-organized Feb. 12, 1S3R, under act of Feb 12, 1836.
Removed from Evans Mills April 10, 1855.
' Reorganized Feb. 18, 1851. Capital. $100,000. Originally
Albany Fire Insurance Co. Capital, $100,000, and allowed to
take fire, marine, and life risks. Once extended. Expired
June 1, 1851.
<* Changed to Citizens' Fire Insurance Co. April 5, 1849.
34
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Existing Insurance Companies, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Date of Act, or
of filing arti-
cles qf associa-
tion.
Expiration
of charter.
*-1
V ^
^5 Ss
v% "
ill
!Vi
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
New York
July 9, 1850
March 9, 1853
Aug. 8, 1857
1858
May 14, 1850
1853
March 9, 1853
Feb. 16, 1853
April 15, 1850
April 12,1836
April 4, 1806
April 24,1833
Sept. 17, 1850
Dec. 22, 1851
Dec. 15, 1858
July 25, 1853
May 20, 1853
April 28, 1853
May 14, 1845
May 1, 1858
April 18, 1825
May 12, 1836
Feb. 23, 1853
Aug. 11, 1857
Aug. 6, 1857
March 29, 1857
March 22, 1855
Aug. 29. 1857
Aug. 29, 1855
May 5, 1834
Jan. 16, 1850
May 22, 1852
April 1, 1852
Dec. 1853
April 11, 1853
Dec. 15, 1858
June 16, 1856
March 9, 1825
May 5, 1857
April 2, 1838
April 17, 1858
April 11, 1856
,I:m. 9, 1852
Aug. 25, 1851
March 4,1824
Oct. 19, 1858
March 12, 1836
March 29, 1853
March 23, 1798
May 9, 1853
Dec. 23, 1856
Dec. 10, 1856
April 1, 1853
April 26, 1833
Jan. 16, 1852
May 17. l^,n
March 23. 1S21
Jan. 26, 1853
May 14. 1^3fi
May 5, 1857
Feb. 4, 1853
Dec. 24, 1851
April 12,1842
Feb. 20, 1850
Oct. 1, 1852
March 21, 1836
May 19, 1857
March 30, 1836
May 3, 1836
April 12,1842
Oct. 31, 1851
April 9, 1838
Feb. 28, 1853
Oct. 13, 1856
April 24. 1833
Anril 23. 1823
July 9, 1880
March 9, 1883
Aug. 8, 1887
March 14, 1880
1883
March 9, 1883
Feb. 16, 1883
April 15, 1880
April 12,1876
Unlimited.
8.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
M.
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
M.
s.
f.n.
f.n.
m.
f.n.
f.n.
En.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.
f.
$ 250,000
200,000
500,000
200,000
250,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
150,000
200,000
150.000
200,000
150,000
150,000
204,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
300,000
200,000
1,000,000
200.000
200,000
150.000
200,000
150,000
500,000
150,000
150,000
250,000
200.000
100,000
150,000
200.000
200.000
150,000
100.000
280.000
150.000
150.000
200,000
150.000
200,000
200.000
112.000
250.000
200,000
150.000
200.000
200,000
200,100
300,000
150,000
135,000
150.000
200.000
200.000
200.000
300.000
210,000
Columbia Fire Insurance Co
New York..-
New York..-
Albany
New York..-
New York..- .
Continental Fire Insurance Co
New York..-
New York..-
Glens Falls
Poughkeepsie
New York..- .
Corn Exchange Fire & Inland Nav. Ins. Co
Dividend Mutual Insurance Co
East River Insurance Co*. ...
New York
New York
Sept. 17, 1880
Dec. 22, 1881
Dec. 15, 1888
July 25, 1883
May 20, 1883
April 28,1883
May 14, 1865
May 1, 1888
Empire Insurance Co
Union Springs
Cayuga co. N.Y...
New York
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f. n.
m.
f.n.
m.
f.
f.
f.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
Everett Fire Insurance Co
Exchange Fire Insurance Co
New York..-..
Farmers' Fire Insurance Co
Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co
Buffalo
Firemens' Fund Insurance Co
New York
Firemens' Insurance Co c
May 12, 1876
Feb. 23, 1883
Aug. 11, 1887
Aug. 6, 1887
March 29, 1877
March 22, 1885
Aug. 29, 1887
Aug. 29, 1885
May 5, 1864
Jan. 16, 1880
May 22, 18.S2
April 1, 1882
Dec. 1883
April 11, 1883
Dec. 15, 188S
June 16, 1886
June 16, 1866
May 5, 1887
April 2, 1858
Gallatin Fire Insurance Co
New York..- .
Gebhard Fire Insurance Co
New York ...
Glen Cove Mutual Insurance Co
Glen Cove..-
Globe Mutual Insurance Co
New York
Great Western Marine Insurance Co
New York..
New York..-
New York..-
New York..-
New York
New York
New York..-
Hamilton Fire Insurance Co*
Harmony Fire Insurance Co
Howard Insurance Co /
New York
Humboldt tire Insurance Co
New York
Huntington Mutual Fire Insurance Co.*'
Income Insurance Co
Indemnity Fire Insurance Co
Irving Fire Insurance Co
New York..-
New York..-
April 11, 1886
Jan. 9, 1882
Aug. 25, 1881
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
M.
S.
S.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
1.
Jamestown Farmers' Fire Insurance Co
Joffeiai n Insurance Co
Kings County Fire Insurance Co
Kingston Mutual Insurance Co
March 12. 1S76
March 29, 1883
Knickerbocker Life Insurance Co.-
Knickerbocker Fire Insurance Co. of N.Y.*
New York
Lafarge Fire Insurance Co
May 9, 1883
Dec. 3, 1886
Dec. 10, 1886
April 1, 1883
April 26, 1863
Jan. 16, 1882
May 17, 1880
1866
Jan. 26, 1883
May 14, 1876
May 5. 1887
Feb. 4, 1883
Dec. 24, 1881
April 12, 1S72
Feb. 20, 1880
Oct. 1, 1882
March 21, 1876
May 19, 1887
March 30, 1876
May 3, 1886
Till repealed.
Oct. 31, 1881
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
M.
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
S.
s.
s.
s.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
1.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
m. n.
f.n.
f. n.
f.
f.n.
f.
f.
1.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f. 1.
Laman Fire Insurance Co
Lenox Fire Insurance Co . ..
New York
Long Island Insurance Co
Lorillard Fire Insurance Co
Brooklyn
New York
Manhattan Life Insurance Co
Manhattan Fire Insurance Co.*.
Xew York
Market Fire Insurance Co
Mechanics' Mutual Insurance Co
Mechanics' Fire Insurance Co
Troy
Metropolitan Fire Insurance Co
Monroe Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Montauk Fire Insurance Co
Montgomery Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Mutual Ins. Co. of the City and Co. of Albany
Mutual Life Insurance Co...
New York
Nassau Fire Insurance Co
New Amsterdam Fire Insurance Co
Feb. 28, 1883
Oct. 13, 1886
April 24, 1863
1866
New World Fire Insurance Co
New York
New Ycrk Bowery Fire Insurance Co
New York Equitable Insurance Co.*....
Xew York....
" Original capital $500,000. Special relief on account of fire
of July 19, 1S45, granted by act of May 12, 1846.
* Organized March, 1835. Allowed to take inland transporta-
tion risks April 29, 1840. Changed to East River Mutual In-
surance Co. April 12, 1842.
Original capital $300,000, reduced May 12, 1846, by the fire
of July, 1845.
< Allowed to remove from Williamsburgh April 13, 1855.
Changed from Williamsl.urgh City Fire Insurance Co.
Changed from Building Association Fire Insurance Co.
March 8, 1853.
/Reorganized 1836. Original capital $300,000.
f Organized March, 1840, under act March 12, 1840.
* Changed from Mutual Insurance Co. of the City of New
York, May 12, 1846, having been twice extended. Originally
named the Mutual Insurance Co. of New York.
* Reorganized June 7, 1836.
; Changed May 24, 1841, from Seventeenth Ward Fire In-
surance Co. Amended charter March. 1857.
* Reduced from $300,000 Feb. 18, 1848.
CORPORATIONS.
85
Existing Insurance Companies, continued.
NASEB.
Location.
Date of act, or
of filing arti-
cles of associa-
tion.
Expiration
of charter.
Stock, or
Mutual.
Nature
of risks
allowed.
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
New York
April 18,1832
July 29, 1851
May 21, 1841
March 9, 1830
March, 1851
Nov. 29, 1852
June 22, 1850
Jan. 1, 1836
Sept. 18, 1852
Feb. 6, 1822
April 26, 1832
Jan. 29, 1853
April 3, 1855
March 21, 1836
March 15, 1837
Jan. 18, 1859
April 17, 1851
Dec. 18, 1854
Feb. 1, 1853
April 22,1851
March 30, 1853
March 14, 1853
July 30, 1850
Dec. 17, 1855
March 22, 1852
July 10, 1857
March 30, 1836
Sept. 12, 1853
May 12, 1836
July 14, 1853
July 23, 1852
May 26, 1841
June 20, 1856
Nov. 30, 1853
Jan. 7, 1851
April 30, 1836
May 22, 1841
Dec. 20, 1858
May 14, 1845
March 31, 1824
Jan. 26, 1850
Oct. 19, 1858
Feb. 11, 1850
Feb. 3, 1851
April 1, 1853
March 14, 1837
April 23, 1844
Dec. 13, 1852
Nov. 25, 1851
April 18, 1862
July 29, 1881
Unlimited
Unlimited
March, 1881
Nov. 29, 1882
June 22, 1880
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
s.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
8.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
8.
M.
M.
M.
M.
S.
M.
f.m.
f. n.
1.
1.
m. n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
m.
f.m. n.
f.
f.
m n.
f. n.
m. n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.
f. m. n.
f.n.
f.m.
f.
1.
f.n.
In.
f.n.
In.
f.
f.
f.
f.
$200,000
108,800
100,000
200,000
250,000
350,000
150,000
300,000
300,000
200,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
100,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
250.000
100,000
200,000
200,000
150,000
New York
New York
New York
Middletown
New York
New York
Plattsburgh
Sept. 18, 1882
Feb. 6, 1862
Jan. 1, 1877
Jan. 29, 1883
April 3, 1885
March 20, 1876
March 15, 1877
Jan. 18, 1889
April 7, 1881
Dec. 18, 1884
Feb. 1, 1883
April 11,1881
March 30, 1883
March 14, 1883
July 30, 1880
Dec. 17, 1885
March 22, 1882
July 10, 1887
March 30, 1876
Sept. 12, 1883
May 12, 1876
July 14, 1883
July 23, 1882
May 26, 1891
June 20, 1886
Nov. 30, 1883
Jan. 7, 1881
AprO 30,1876
May 22, 1861
Dec. 20, 1888
May 14, 1875
April 1, 1884
Jan. 26, 1880
Oct. 19, 1888
Feb. 11, 1880
Feb. 3, 1881
April 1, 1883
March 14, 1877
April 23, 1864
Dec. 12, 1882
Nov. 25, 1881
North River Insurance Co. d
New York
New York
New York
Ontario & Livingston Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Orange Co. Mutual Insurance Co
West Bloomfield..
Goshen
New York . .
New York
New York
New York
New York
Poughkeepsie
New York
New York
New York
Ogdensburgh
New York
New York
New York
Ogdensburgh
New York
Southold
Sun Mutual Insurance Co
New York
New York. .
New York
New York
New York
Waterville
Westchester County Mutual Insurance Co
New Kochelle
WilliamBburgh....
< Changed from New York Fire Insurance Co. May 10, 1847,
and allowed to take marine risks.
' Removed from Broadalbin April 15, 1857.
1 Changed from Nautilus Insurance Co. April 5, 1849, and
limited to life risks. First organized April 12, 1845, and allowed
m. n. and f. risks. Capital, $4)0,000.
<* Reorganized July 18, 1852. Originally allowed marine risks.
' Organized Jan. 1834.
/ Enjoinder.
s Changed from Schenectady County Mutual Insurance Co.
April 7, 1858.
Obsolete Insurance Companies in the State, Jan. 1, 1859.
NAME.
Location.
Date, of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
Stock or
Mutual.
Remarks.
JStna Insurance Co. of Utica.
Albany County Mutual Ins. Co
Utica.
March 14, 1851
May 3. 1836
M.
M
Receiver appointed Jan. 1854.
April 13 1857
M
Closed
Allegany County Mutual Ins. Co......
Angelica
April , 1857
M
Closing business. No receiver.
\ew York. . ..
April 30 1839
g
Cap $250 000
Alliance Mutual Insurance Co
New York
April 10, 1843
April 18 1825
M.
g
f.m.
f n Cap $300 000 21 years April 20 1832
American Ins. Co. of New York
June 18, 1812
S.
$200.000, 30 years.
Successor to Marine Ins. Co., 15 years,
American Insurance Co. of the City
New York
June 12 1856
from May 12 ; cap. $250,000. In 1814,
marine, not exceeding $1,000,000.
Extended to May 12, 1857. Closed
in 1845.
Sept 6 1852
American Manufacturers' Mutual
March 30 1832
M
f
American Mutual Insurance Co
American Mutual Insurance Co
Amsterdam
New York.
April 23, 1850
April 1. 1843
M.
M.
Receiver appointed Dec. 1854.
f. m.
New York
April 5 1826
s
Changed from La Fayette Ins. Co of
Atlantic Insurance Co. of New York..
New York
Feb. 27, 1824
S.
the City of New York,
m. Cap. $500,000. Discon. in 1828; al-
lowed to close up and reorganize
new company.
86
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete Insurance Companies, -continued.
NAME.
Location.
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
Stock or
Mutual.
Remarks.
Atlas Insurance Co. of New York....
April 8, 1825
April 14, 1836
April 10, 1843
March 14, 1825
April 24, 1833
April 10, 1837
May 25, 1836
April 1, 1830
March 17, 1837
May 3, 1852
March 14, 1825
May 25. 1836
May 17, 1837
March 20, 1837
April 16. 1S22
April 29, 1839
April 2,1838
May 3, 13S
April 12, 1842
April 26,1831
May 4, 1^29
May 12, 183ti
May 12, 1836
May 25, 1836
March 21, 1801
June 4, 1851
AprU 4, 1805
April 12, 1842
May 12. 1S3R
April 10, 1849
April 10, 1843
May 9. IX'H
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
M.
S.
S.
"s!"
s.
M.
M.
M.
g
m. Cap. $300,000.
m. Cap. $350,000. Revived April 14, 1838.
m.
f. n. Cap. $150,000.
f. Cap. $300,000.
f. Cap. $150,000. Successor to Firemen's
Insurance Co.
f. m. n. Cap. $100,000.
Changed March 8, 1853, to Hamilton
Fire Insurance Co.
f. n. Cap. $300,000. Revived AprU 21, 1828,
cap. $150,000.
Cap. $300,000.
f. Closed business in 1853.
f. Cap. $400,000.
Cap. $250,000.
f. (Jap. $300,000 ; time extended 1 832-33.
Cap. $300,000.
f. Receiver appointed Jan. 1854.
f f. Cap. $300,000. Revived April 5, 1839,
\ cap. $250,000.
f. 1. in. Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1853.
f. 1. n. Cap. $250,000. Extended 21 years
April 3, 1811.
f. m. n. Changed June 16. 1853, to Commercial
Mutual Insurance Co.
Closed about 1852.
f. m. n.
m. Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $200.000.
Original cap. $300,000. Changed to
Trust Fire Ins. Co. April 25, 1839.
f. Cap. $250,000.
Receiver appointed June 1855.
Eujoined Dec. 28, 1855; injunction re-
moved Jan. 31, 1856. Closing.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Nov. 1854.
f Changr-d to Rochester Insurance Co.
\ March 20, 1852.
Receiver appointed,
f Cap. $500,000; reduced to $200,000
\ April 21, 1837.
< f Cap. $150.000. M. risks allowed April
| 20. 1S32. To expire June, 1861.
f. Cap. $150.000. Changed to Brooklyn
Firemen's Ins. Co. May 25, 1S36.
f. 1. ann. Cap. $500,000. Reduced one-half, 1S28.
Continued in 1835 to '56. Reduced
by the great fire of 1835.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed June, 1855.
Receiver appointed Sept. 1854.
Atlas Mutual Insurance Co
New York
Brooklyn Firemen's Insurance Co...
Buffalo Fire & Marine Insurance Co.
Buffalo Mutual Insurance Co
Brooklyn
Buffalo .
Buffalo
Building Association Fire Ins. Co.....
Canal Insurance Co
New .York
New York
Canal Ins. Co. of the City of New York
Cattaraugus County Mutual Ins. Co.
Cayuga County Mutual Ins. Co
New York
Ellicottville
Aurora ...
Chatham Fire Insurance Co. of the
Chelsea Insurance Co
Chwmung County Mutual Ins. Co
Chenango County Mutual Ins. Co....
Cherry Valley....
Clinton Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of New York
Clinton Insurance Co. in the City of
Clinton & Essex Mutual Ins. Co
Columbia County Mutual Ins. Co
Columbian Fire Insurance Co. of \
Keespville
Hudsoti
New York
Columbian Insurance Co
New York
Cortland County Mutual Ins. Co
Croton Insurance Co
Cortlandville
New York
Croton Mutual Insurance Co
New York
Dunkirk Marine Insurance Co
Dunkirk
Dutchess County Insurance Co
Poupbkeepsie
New York
AprU 15, 1814
April 25, 1836
April 30, 1836
April 6, 1839
Dec. , 1849
Aug , 1855
S.
g_
M.
S.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
S.
s.
s.
M.
S.
s.
M.
M.
8.
S.
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
S.
s.
Eighth Ward Fire Insurance Co
Eighth Ward Mutual Insurance Co..
Emmet Fire Insurance Co.
New York
Empire State Mutual Insurance Co..
Enterprise Insurance Co
Saratoga Springs
New York
Farmers' Fire Ins. & Loan Co
New York
Feb. 28. 1822
June 26, 1851
Oct. 29, 1850
May 13, 1845
April 13, 1836
April 3, 1831
April 29,1833
March 13, 1818
April 2, 1819
March 5, 1851
April 12, 1852
April 2, 1819
May 14, 1840
May 25, 1S41
May 3, 1836
March 4, 1839
May 2, 1837
March 18, 1814
June 5, 1852
Oct. 21, 1852
March 30, 1836
March 31, 1824
April 25, 1852
AprU 24, 1833
April 25, 1836
Farmers' Ins. Co. of Oneida County..
Fanners and Merchants' Ins. )
Utica
Rochester
Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co. of
Sherburne
Fifth Ward Fire Insurance Co. of \
Sherburne
New York....
Firemen's Insurance Co. of thel
Albany
Firemen's Insurance Co
Franklin Fire Insurance Co
New York
Franklin Fire Insurance Co. in the
Franklin Fire Ins. Co. of New York..
Franklin Marine & Fire Insurance
Co of New York
Saratoga Springs
Saratoga Springs
New York
Fulton Fire Insurance Co. in the
Citv of New York
Cap. $500,000.
Cap. $250,000.
f. m. n.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1851.
Cap. $250,000.
f. n. Cap. $500,000. Company of like name
incorp. July 24, 1851, cap. $200,000.
Cap. $1,000,000. Reduced one-half
March 17, 1836.
Receiver appointed August, 1855.
Removed from Utica April, 1859. Re-
ceiver appointed Feb. 1856.
Cap. $250,000.
m. Cap. $300,000.
f.
f. Cap. $500,000.
New York
General Mutual Insurance Co .
Genesee Mutual Insurance Co T,p Rnv
Girard Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of Now York
New York
New York
Globe Insurance Co
New York
Globe Insurance Co
Granite Insurance Co
Utica
New York .
Greene County Mutual Insurance Co.
Greenwich Fire Insurance Co
Catskill
New York
Good Hope Ins. Co. of New York
Hamilton Fire Insurance Co. of the
NPW YnrV
CORPORATIONS.
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
87
NAME.
Location.
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
Stock or
Mutual.
Remarks.
New York
April 4, 1838
S.
f. m. Cap. $250 000.
F. Changed to Harmony Fire & Marine
Insurance Co. April 17, 1858.
f. m. n. Changed from Harmony Fire Insu-
rance Co. AprU 17, 1858.
Receiver appointed Dec. 1855.
Receiver appointed 1853.
Changed from New York Firemen's
Insurance Co. Cap. $300,000.
f. (Pictures, furniture, &c.) Repealed April 17,
1843. Changed to Merchants &
Householders' Mutual Ins. Co.
I. Discontinued issuing policies 1856 or
'57. See Comp. Rep. 1859, p. 53.
f. n. Cap. $200,000. Reduced to $150,000
April 17, 1843.
f. Cap. $200,000.
m. Cap. $300,000.
f. m. n. Receiver appointed Aug. 1854.
( Business transferred to Hudson River
\ Marine & Fire Insurance Co.
Cap. $500,000.
Changed from Kings County Mutual
Ins. Co.
(f. m. Cap. $400.000. Reduced to $300,000
April 24, 1840. Reduced to $200,000
(_ and fire risks allowed.
Changed to International Ins. Co.
April 11, 1845.
Receiver appointed July, 1855.
( Cap. $300,000. Changed to Anchor
Ins. Co. of the City of New York,
( April 8, 1826.
f. Took but one insurance. Never fully
organized.
Cap. $50,000. Revived May 2, 1835.
Closed under act of Jan. 25, 1854.
m. Cap. $300,000.
m. Cap. $250,000. Closed up under act of
June 18, 1812, by the American Ins.
Co. of New York having become in-
solvent.
( Original cap. $500,000. Reduced to
$300,000 j'an. 12, 1828.
f. 1. Cap. $300,000. Reduced to $250,000.
Made assignment and diss. Jan. 1852.
( Changed from Householders' Mutual
\ Ins. Co.
f. m. n. Cap. $250.000.
Closed.
f. m. Cap. $400,000.
f. m. n.
( Changed to Ocean Ins. Co. of the City
\ of New York April 3, 1855.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. 500,000. Never organized.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1854.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1855.
Cap. $250,000. Revived AprU 17, 1826.
Renewed 1808 as Mutual Ins. Co. of
New York. Cap. $350,000. To con-
tinue till repealed. Changed to
Knickerbocker Fire Ins. Co. of New
York May 12, 1846.
f. m. n.
f. m. n. Cap. $200,000.
f. n.
f. m. Extended AprU 12, 1843.
Receiver appointed Sept. 1855.
1. m. n. Original cap. $100,000.
Cap. $150,000.
Receiver appointed Aug. 1855.
April 5, 1849, changed to New York
Life Ins. Co. and limited to life risks.
Closing up. No new policies issued.
Receiver appointed Sept. 1855.
f. n. Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $300,000. Similar act May 6, 1844.
Harmony Fire & Marine IDS. Co
New York
Dec. 29, 1855
April 28, 1836
Jan. 26, 1821
May 25, 1841
June 29, 1852
April 6, 1838
April 4, 1811
April 8, 1825
June 1, 1852
Aug. 8, 1850
April 13, 1836
May 2, 1S10
April 11, 1855
April 23, 1831
March 8, 1836
AprU 15,1844
May 15, 1852
April 8, 1825
Feb. 27, 1837
April 29,1833
April 30,1836
March 23, 1836
April 8, 1825
March 16, 1802
April 7, 1819
April 2, 1819
Feb. 4, 1850
April 17,1843
AprU 7, 1824
Feb. 4, 1851
April 26, 1836
April 10,1843
Jan. 29, 1853
April 29,1839
Oct. 2, 1852
April 3, 1824
June 27,1851
June 6, 1851
March 9, 1825
March 2-3, 1798
AprU 18, 1843
May 25, 1841
May 7, 1844
April 17,1838
May, 1855
April 14, 1815
April 9, 1838
Feb. 22, 1851
S.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
S.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
"M'.'
M.
S.
"s."
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
"s."
iHerkimer County Mutual Ins. Co....
Little Falls
Householders' Mutual Insurance Co.
New York
New York
New York
Hudson Insurance Co. of the City of
New York
Hudson River Marine & Fire Ins. Co.
Hudson River Mutual Insurance)
Waterford
Indemnity Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of New York.
New York
Insurance Company of Firemen
International Insurance Co
Jackson Marine Ins. Co. of the City 1
New York
Jefferson County Mutual Ins. Co
Kings County Mutual Insurance Co.
Watertown
Waterford
La Fayette Ins. Co. of the City of 1
New York
Lewis County Mutual Insurance Co.
Long Island Farmers' Ina. Co. in the
Long Island Mutual Insurance Co...
Madison Marine Ins. Co. of the City
New York
Marine Insurance Co. of New York,.
Mechanics' Fire Ins. Co. of the City")
New York
Merchants' Mutual Ins. Co. of Buffalo
Merchants & Householders'Mutual 1
Buffalo
New York
Merchants' Ins. Co. in the City of
Buffalo
New York
Merchants' Marine Insurance Co
Merchants' Mutual Insurance Co
Metropolis Ins. Co. of the City of 1
New York J
New York
Mohawk Insurance Co. of New York
Mohawk Valley Farmers' Ins. Co....
New York
Scotia
Mutual Assurance Co. of New York.
Mutual Insurance Co. of Buffalo
Mutual Protection Insurance Co
Mutual Protection Ins. Co. of Roches-
ter
Buffalo
New York
National Exchange Insurance Co
New York
New York
Saratoga Springs.
New York
National Insurance Co
National Protection Insurance Co
New York Central Insurance Co
Cherry Valley
Jan. 16, 18.il
Nov. 13, 1852
March 22, 1825
April 5, 1824
"s."
New York City Insurance Co
New York
New York Contributionship Ins. Co."
The New York Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses & Property from Loss by Fire, incorp. April 5, 1822. Changed
to above.
88
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
Stock or
Mutual.
Remarks.
New York Fire Ins. Co. of the City 1
New York
( Changed May 10, 1847, to New York
\ Fire & Marine Ins. Co.
Made assignment Jan. 1852, and closed
up.
Receiver appointed.
Receiver appointed Julv, 1855.
Cap. $500,000. Closed by losses 1818
and reorganized. Changed to Hope
Ins. Co. Jan. 26, 1821.
Cap. $300,000.
Expired 1820. Extended to Jan. 1860.
f. n. Cap. $200,000.
Cap. $500,000.
/ , Cap. $600,000. Changed April 15, 1823,
\ to Life & Fire Lns. Co.
Changed from Sun Fire Ins. Co. Cap.
$240,000.
Cap. $400,000. Revived April 25, 1831.
Cap. $300,000.
}m. Cap. $250,000. Changed to Neptune
Bell Mutual Ins. Co. of New York,
April 22, 1831.
m. Changed from Neptune Ins. Co. Cap.
$250,000. Revived April, 1832.
f. Cap. $250,000. Changed from Phceuix
Fire Ins. Co. Allowed to take inland
navigation risks May 7, 1845.
Cap. $300,000.
Receiver appointed June, 1855.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1854.
m. n. Cap. $500,000. Extended to Jan. 1860.
Capital reduced to $350,000.
Closed,
f. n. Cap. $250,000.
Closed.
Closing up.
f. n. Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $400,000.
Receiver appointed March, 1852.
Cap. $500,000.
f. Cap. $300,000. Reincorporated May
3, 1839. Cap. $250,000.
f. 1. m. n. Cap. $500,000.
Original cap. $250.000. Changed to
North America Fire Insurance Co..
April 8, 1836.
Receiver appointed March, 1854.
f. D- Cap. $100,000.
Cap. $300,000.
Reorganized Oct. 11, 1851. Receiver
appointed Feb. 1855.
Cap. $50,000.
f. 1. n. Cap. originally, $500.000. Closed up.
t Changed from Farmers & Merchants'
Insurance Co. of Western N. Y.
f.
f. Receiver appointed Jan. 1857.
f. n. Cap. $100.000. Stopped issuing poli-
cies by act May 25, 1841.
Changed by dropping "Countv Mu-
tual" April 7, 1858. Extended 30
years.
Revived May 9. 1836.
Receiver appointed.
m. n. Cap. $250.000. Time for final divi-
dend extended 1840 to June 28, 1841.
f.
f. Cap. $250.000.
f. n. Cap. $200,000. Changed to National
Fire Insurance Co. May 24, 1841.
Receiver appointed Nov. 1856.
Changed from Cooperstown Feb. 1855.
Receiver appointed.
Cap. $100,000.
New York Protection Insurance Co..
New York State Mutual Ins. Co
New York Union Mutual Ins. Co
New York Firemen Insurance Co
New York Guardian Insurance Co...
July 23, 1849
Oct. 31, 1849
May 9, 1850
March 2,1810
April 6, 1838
April 2, 1798
April 14, 1825
April 2, 1798
Feb. 28, 1822
March 28, 1809
May 4, 1829
April 8, 1825
May 9, 1850
April 11,1825
April 22,1831
April 13,1837
April 8, 1836
April 13, 1826
May 26, 1851
July 8, 1851
Sept. 17, 1852
Nov. 14, 1851
March 2,1810
April 28,1836
March 23, 1832
March 8,1853
April 13, 1836
March 21, 1825
April 7, 1819
June 1, 1850
April 28, 1836
April 14,1815
April 20,1832
April 10,1843
Feb. 20, 1807
March 29, 1823
May 14, 1851
April 8, 1825
April 7, 1824
March 31, 1836
April 29,1836
April 15,1852
April 15,1819
March 20, 1852
May 5, 1834
July, 1852
May 6, 1834
May 26, 1841
April 22,1831
Dec. 3, 1850
May 5, 1834
April 12, 1839
April 29,1839
April 9, 1838
March 29, 1837
Sept. 29, 1851
Aug. 1854
April 26, 1833
April 1, 1837
M.
M.
S.
S.
"si"
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
g.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
S.
S.
"s"'
"s!"
s.
M.
S.
s.
M.
"s"'
M.
"M!"
s.
M.
S.
S.
"s!"
s.
M.
New York
New York La Fayette Ins. Co
New York Marine Insurance Co
New York Mechanics' Life Ins. & 1
Coal Co j"
New York
New York
New York
New York Mutual Insurance Co
New York Northern Fire Ins. Co
New York State Marine Ina. Co
New York Union Mutual Ins. Co
Neptune Ins. Co. of the City of New 1
York J
New York
Johnstown
New York
Neptune Bell Marine Ins. Co. of)
New York
Niagara County Mutual Ins. Co
North American Fire Insurance Co..
Lockport
Vorth American Mutual Ins. Co
Northern New York Live Stock Ins.Co
Northern New York Mutual Ins. Co.
Northern Protection Insurance Co...
Brasher Falls
Plattsburgh .
Plattsburgh
Camden
Oneida County Mutual Ins. Co
Utica
Ctica
)neida Lake Mutual Insurance Co...
)nondaga County Mutual Ins.Co
Ontario Insurance Co
Baldwinaville
Orange Fire Insurance Co
Newburgh
Orleans Insurance Co
Oswego County Mutual Ins. Co
Pacific Insurance Co. of New York...
Palladium Fire Insurance Co
Pelican Mutual Insurance Co
Phoenix Insurance Co. of New York
Phoenix Fire Insurance Co
People's Ins. Co. of the State of N. Y.
Poughkeepsie
New York
Protection Fire Insurance Co
Renovation Fire Insurance of the
City of New York
New York
Rensselaer County Mutual Ins. Co....
Rensselaer Insurance Co
Lansingburgh ...
Lansingburgh ...
Troy
Rensselaer & Saratoga Ins. Co."
Saratoga County Mutual Fire Ins. Co.
Saratoga Springs
Salem
Schenectady County Mutual Ins. Co.
Schoharie Mutual Insurance Co
Schenectady
Schoharie County Mutual Ins. Co
Cobleskill
Waterloo
Seventh Ward Fire Insurance Co
Seventeenth Ward Fire Ins. Co
New York
Steuben Farmers & Merchants' In-
surance Co
Bath
Susquehaona Fire Insurance Co.*
Syracuse Insurance Co
Tioga County Mutual Insurance Co. .
Owego
* Capital reduced from $199.880.90 to $87,536.45 by the great Troy fire of 1S20. Life insurance taken away in 1831. Directed
to close up by act of April 18, 1843. & See Comptroller's Report, 1858, p. 45.
CORPORATIONS.
89
Class III. includes those whose certificates are filed in the Banking Department.
"An Act to authorize the Business of Banking" -was
passed April 18, 1838, and -was modified April 12, 1851, upon
the creation of a Bank Department. Reports previously
made to the Comptroller are now made to this Department. In
1853 the articles of association previously filed in the Secre-
tary's office were transferred to this department. 1
Individuals or copartners may obtain bills from the depart-
ment for circulation as individual bankers, and are liable to
the full extent of their property for the redemption of the
notes and the payment of the debts of such private banks.
The name of individual banks must now be that of their
owners ; and the privilege cannot be sold, or the bills be signed by an agent. It may, however, be
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
1
a
remarkt .
Ithaca
April 25, 1840
M
Traders' Ins Co in the City of N Y
New York
March 9, 1825
S.
f. n. Cap. $250,000.
Tradesmen's Insurance Co. in the
New York
March 14, 1825
s
f. n. Cap. $200,000.
New York
April 4, 1838
S.
f. m. n. Cap. $250,000. Reduced to $150,000
New York
May, 1855
May 26, 1841.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1856.
Troy Insurance Co
Troy Mutual Safety Insurance Co....
Troy.-
Troy
New York
April 5, 1831
May 7, 1844
April 25,1830
s.
s.
f. m. n. Cap. $200,000. Directed to close up by
act of April 21, 1840.
Cap. $150,000.
Jan. 29, 1853
A committee appointed in 1855 could
New York.
April 25,1839
s.
not find the books or Secretary of
this Co.
f. n. C/banged from Eighth Ward Fire Ins.
Unadilla
May 12, 1836
M
Co. Cap. may increase $200,000.
Jnion Fire Insurance Co. of the City
New York
April 24, 1833
g
f Cap. $400,000.
March 18, 1818
S
1 ann. Cap. $500.000. In 1837 extended to
Fort Plain
May 21, 1850
M
Jan. 1, 1862.
Changed to Union Insurance Co. July
New York
May 14, 1840
S.
8, 1851.
m. n. Cap. $500,000.
United Ins Co in the City of N T
New York
March 10, 1798
g
f 1 m. Cap. $500.000. Twice extended.
United States Insurance Co. of the 1
New York
March 31, 1837
s.
1 Cap. $1.000,000. Fire risks allowed
Mav 5 1840
United States Mutual Insurance Co.
West Potsdam....
Saratoga Springs
Nov. 8, 1850
Feb. 22, 1851
M.
M.
Receiver appointed Feb. 1855.
Receiver appointed Feb. 1859.
Utica
March 29, 1816
f m n. Receiver to be appointed by act of
TJtica
April 12, 1852
g
May 26, 1841.
(insured live stock ) Cap. $25,000.
Granville
April 22, 1837
M
Reorganized Dec. 13, 1849. Receiver
New York
April 29, 1839
g
appointed Sept. 1856.
Cap. S250.000.
April 24, 1832
S.
f. Cap. $50,000.
Washington Marine Insurance Co. \
New York
April 27, 1833
S.
(Cap. $300,000. Reduced to $100,000,
1833. and changed to Marine Mutual
of the City of New York J
Washington Mutual Assurance Co.
of the City of New York
New York
March 30, 1802
s
Fire Insurance Co. Allowed to take
fire risks April 27 1833.
f
New York
April 11 1842
M
May 12, 1836
New York
March, 1855
Referee appointed Sept. 1855.
Canandaigua
April 3, 1824
S.
f Cap. $250,000.
Jan. 22, 1853
Receiver appointed Dec. 1855.
Western Insurance Co. of the Tillage
Buffalo
April 7, 1817
f m n. Cap. not over $400,000.
Western New York Agricultural
Cleveland, Oswe-
\pril 15, 1852
Williamsburgh Fire Insurance Co....
Williamsburgh...
April 17,1843
March 9, 1837
8.1
M.
f.
f.
1 The first bank organized in the State was the Bank of New
York, which had existed several years previously as a private
partnership. In many of the earlier banks the State reserved
the right of subscribing stock, and of appointing directors to
represent their interest in proportion to the amount held. Bank-
ing powers could only be enjoyed by special act of the Legisla-
ture, and were commonly limited to a period of 30 years. In
1838 a general law was enacted, allowing the organization of as-
sociations for banking, upou depositing the requisite securities
with the Comptroller and filing articles of association in the
Secretary's Office. Up to the date of the general law, 106 banks
had been created, of which 31 are still in existence, 36 have
reorganized, and 39 have failed, closed, or changed their names
The Manhattan Co., created " for supplying the city of New
York with pure and wholesome water," and the New York Dry
Dock Co. possess perpetual banking powers. Other corporations
for manufacturing or commercial purposes were allowed like
privileges for limited periods, all of which have expired. In
1829 a "safety fund" was created, by requiring an annual con-
tribution of i per cent, of its capital paid in from each bank
formed or extended after that time, until each had paid 3 per
cent. This fund was placed in charge of the Comptroller, and
applied to the redemption of the bills of insolvent banks con-
tributing to this fund, after their other means had been ex-
90
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
bequeathed. All banks, excepting those in New York, Brooklyn, Albany, and Troy, must have
an agency in New York, Albany, or Troy, for the redemption of their bills within one-fourth of
one per cent, of par.
hausted. The bank fund has long since been exhausted, the
draft upon it far exceeding the income. In 1848, 11 insolvent
banks, that had contributed but $86.282 to this fund, had drawn
from it $2,577,927. Comptroller's Report, 1848, p. 55.
The same law provided for the appointment of 3 Bank Com-
missioners, who were required to visit the banks thrice annually,
to assertaiu their condition, take measures to secure the public
against fraud OT loss, and report annually to the Legislature.
This office was abolished April 18, 1843, and the Comptroller
was invested with general powers relating to banks, from which
he was relieved by the creation of a special Bank Department in
1851. This department is under a superintendent appointed by
the Governor and Senate for 3 years. It has the custody of all
plates for printing bank bills ; registers, numbers, and issues to
banks such bills as their charters and securities entitle them
to; destroys the same when withdrawn from circulation; and
destroys the plates when the bank is closed. It appoints special
agents for examining the condition of doubtful banks, directs
prosecutions in behalf of the State, sells the securities of broken
banks to redeem their circulation, and reports the condition of
banks to the Legislature annually. Banks can only obtain bills
for circulation by depositing New York State or United States
stocks bearing interest equivalent to 6 per cent., or bonds and
mortgages of not over $5,000 each upon unincumbered improved
lands at two-fifths value, exclusive of buildings, and bearing 7 per
cent, interest. Closing banks, after calling in 90 per cent, of their
circulation, may withdraw their stocks or mortgages, and substi-
tute cash for the redemption of the remaining 10 per cent, of
circulation. Stockholders of banking associations are personally
liable to an extent equal to their capital stock. Experience haa
shpwn that under our free bank system bonds and mortgages
have realized but about 88 per cent, on the sum for which notes
were issued, while the aggregate securities, including stocks,
have almost always sold for more than enough to redeem the
circulation based upon them. Report, 1859, p. 8.
Bank NntR Engraving is now done by a company, formed in
1858, by the union of most of the establishments previously ex-
isting.
The Bank of the United States had branches for discount and
deposit at New York, Utica, and Buffalo, in this State.
Specie payment has been generally suspended three times by
the banks of New York State. In the full of 1814 all the banks
of the Union, except those of New England, suspended until the
spring of 1817. In May, 1837, there was a second suspension,
which continued until the spring of 1838. On the 13th of Oct.
1857, a third suspension took place in all the banks of New
York City, with one exception, (Chemical Bank.) and this was
soon followed by the banks of the State generally; but specie
payment was resumed in about 60 days.
The following tables, derived from returns in the Bank De-
partment, are corrected up to Jan. 1, 1859. The ajno uut of
capital is reported for Dec. 18, 1858 :
Existing Banks in the State, Jan. 1, 1859.
CORPORATE NAME.
Location.
C. Charliri'il hy law.
A. Associated free bank.
I. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thous-
ands of dollars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. Stocks of JV. Y. or U.S.
S. E. Stocks and real estate.
Of filing arti-
cles.
Of beginning
liinhi'fs fir of
act ofim-orpo-
ration.
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Addison Bank
Addison
I.
Mav 17, 1 C 56
April 30, 1834
Jan. 1, 1S39
Sept. 14. 1838
July 10, 1856
March 10, 1830
July 2, 1853
July 25, 1853
Feb. 1, 1S56
Dec. 10. l>3s
Dec. 30, 1854
July 15, 1839
Dec. 1, 1852
March 1,1850
Dec. 31, 1S49
April 11, 1S54
July 29, 1852
April 4. Tv,4
Feb. 1, 1853
Sept. 1847
Feb. 21, 1856
Sept. 8, 1838
Jan. 1, 1853
Dec. 31, 1855
Jan. 1, 1839
April, 1853
Jan. 1, 1853
March 1, 1853
Jan. 12. 1839
March 4. 1853
June 10, 1839
Jan. 9, 1854
June 1, 1850
Oct. 1, 1851
Dec. 1. 1851
$ 50,000
500,000
311,100
4,999,550
600,000
500,000
400,000
200,000
200,000
12.VIOH
500,340
100,000
3,000,000
250,000
200,000
50,000
200,000
26.000
519,600
10,000
120.000
110,200
50,000
150,000
8,851,760
63,012
200,000
750,000
78,500
142.000
150,250
115,400
150,000
200,000
150,000
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
s.
s.
s!
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
Albany City Bank
C.
Jan. 1, 1864
Jan. 1, 2500
Sept. 14, 1938
July 1, I960
Jan. 1, 1866
July 2, 1953
July 5, 1953
Jan. 1, 1956
Dec. 10. ]'.<<
Jan. 1, 1904
Jan. 2, 2039
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 1950
500
100
500
600
500
400
200
150
100
360
100
2,000
160
200
Albany Exchange Bank
American Exchange Bank..
Artisans' Bank"
Albany
A.
A.
A.
C.
Dec. 12, 1838
Oct. 1. 1^3S
Aug. 22, 1856
New York
Atlantic Bank of the City
New York
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
May 27. T-53
July 6, 1853
Feb. 16, 1856
Jan. 31, 1839
Dec. 15. 1S54
July 16, 1839
Dec. 30, 1852
April 24, 1850
Jan. 2, 1850
\uburn City Bank
Auburn Exchange Bank....
Ballston Spa Bank
Ballston Spa
Bank of Albion
Albinn
Bank of Attica
Buffalo
Bank of Bath
IJath
Binghamton
A.
I.
Nov. 17, 1852
Jan. 1, 2000
150
Bank of Canandaigua
Bank of the Capitol
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I
Jan. 3, 1853
1847
Feb. 28. 1856
Sept. 17, 1838
Dec. 11. 1852
Dec. 28, 1855
March 18, 1859
Feb. 15, 1839
Jan. 1, 2000
150
Bank of Cayuga Lake 8
Painted Post
Jan. 1. 1900
Jan. 15, 1889
Jan. 1, 1893
Jan. 1, 1956
Jan. 1, 1889
120
100
100
120
5,000
Bank of Central New York
Bank of Chemung
Elmira
Bank of Chenango^
Bank of Commerce in New
York
Bank of Commerce of Put-
nam County
Bank of Cooperstown .
Cooperetown
New York
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
Feb. 1, 1853
March 22, 1853
Jan. 17, 1S39
March 14, 1853
June 10, 1839
Jan. 19, 1854
Feb. 28, 1850
Oct. 3. 1S51
Dec. 22. 1851
Jan. 1, 1953
March 1, 1953
Jan. 12, 1939
Jan. 1, 1900
June 10, 1G39
Jan. 9, 1954
Dec. 31, 1899
In year 1951
Dec. 31. 1951
150
750
117
120
100
110
120
100
100
Bank of the Commonwealth
Bank of Corning
Corning
Bank of Daiisville
Bank of Favetteville
Favetteville
Fishkill . .
Bank of Fishkill
Bank of Fort Edward
Bank of Geneseetf....
Fort Edward
Batavia...
" Articles amended May 11. 1857.
& First incorp. April 10, 1792; cap. $40.000; allowed to reduce
two-fifths April 4. 1820. and shares reduced from 8400 to $30
April 17. 1830; twice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1855; State re-
served right to subscribe stock at first.
First incorp. June 2, 1812 ; cap. $6,000.000, and late United
States Bank allowed to take five-sixths of the stock; reduced to
54,000,000 March 20, 1813; once extended.
* First incorp. March 31, 1817 ; cap. $100,000 ; once extended ;
expired Jan. 1, 1850.
Started at Ithaca.
/ First incorp. April 21,1818; cap. $200,000; once extended;
expired Jan. 1, 1856.
s First incorp. April 29, 1829; cap. 100,000; expired Jan. 1,
1852.
CORPORATIONS.
91
Existing Banks, continued.
CORPORATE NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered by law.
A. Associated free bank.
1. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thou-
sands of dollars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. Stocks of N. Y. or U. S.
S. E. Slocks ami, real estate.
Of filing arti-
cles.
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Bank of Geneva 3
A.
I.
Nov. 20, 1852
Nov. 15, 1852
April 4, 1851
June 1, 1857
Feb. 27, 1856
Dec. 15, 1838
June 1, 1855
Feb. 6, 1857
Dec. 18, 1838
Aug. 6, 1851
April 1, 1854
Jan. 1, 1851
March 28, 1858
Dec. 22, 1852
April 10, 1851
July 15, 1856
Jan. 1, 1856
April 6, 1813
May 21, 1836
Sept. 3, 1849
March 1,1853
Dec. 31, 1857
Feb. 1, 1851
June 1, 1853
April 16, 1832
Sept. 1, 1848
May 10, 1853
April 20, 1832
May 1, 1852
May, 1854
Oct. 15, 1839
Aug. 1, 1853
May 18, 1836
Sept. 15, 1838
June 14, 1856
Dec. 1, 1852
July 6, 1852
Dec. 1, 1849
Jan. 1, 1839
Jan. 17, 1839
Oct. 1, 1838
April 12, 1848
May 1, 1852
Feb. 25, 1839
July 10, 1854
June 1, 1851
Sept 21 1855
Jan. 1, 1900
205
205.000
50,000
251,550
111,940
250,000
150,000
50,000
102.450
196,800
100.000
300,000
50,025
2,838.975
1,000,000
125.000
105,850
105,660
200,000
175,000
130,000
200,000
2,000.000
125,000
100,000
150,000
138,000
150.000
100,000
80,000
100,800
150,000
2,000,000
200,000
100,000
440,000
150,000
600,000
100,000
47,779
120,000
50,000
250,000
120,000
150,000
100,000
62,611
1,000.000
50,000
150,000
100,000
277,700
173,300
93,400
800,000
168.339
125.000
110.000
40,000
128.962
250,000
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
s.
s.
s.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
Bank of Havana
Havana
Bank of the Interior
A.
A.
A.
A.
I
June 4, 1857
March 15, 1856
Dec. 19, 1838
Juno 22, 1855
May 1, 1957
Feb. 27, 1955
Jan. 2, 1839
July 1, 1955
700
100
125
120
Ludingtonville...
Bank of Kinderhook
Bank of Lansinglmrgh 6
Lansingburgh....
A.
A.
A.
A
Dec. 26, 1838
Aug. 18, 1851
April 6, 1854
Dec. 17 1850
Nov. 1, 2301
Jan. 1, I'.IIMI
Dec. 31, 1900
Jan. 1, 1951
March 25, 1908
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1951
July 1, 2056
Jan. 1, 1958
Jan. 1. 1862
Jan. 1, 1866
Sept. 3, 1899
March 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1958
Jan. 1, 1951
Dec. 31, 1899
Jan. 1, 1862
Sept. 5, 1898
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1862
May 1, 1952
100
100
100
200
100
2,000
1,000
125
110
*
200
125
120
200
1,000
125
100
100
100
150
100
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
c
April 2, 1SW
Dec. 21, 1852
April 11, 1851
Feb. 21, 1856
Jan. 23, 1858
Bank of New York d
Bank of North America 8 ...
Bank of Old Saratoga/.
Bank of Orange County?....
Schuylerville
Gosht-n
Bank of Pawling
Pawling
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
April 4, ]s4:i
Feb. 4, 1853
Dec. 31, 1857
Jan. 25, 1*50
June 1, 1^53
Bank of Poughkeep^ie/
Poughkeepsie
Bank of Rhinebeck
A.
A.
c
Oct. 5, 1848
May 17, 1853
Bank of Salem
Salem
Bank of Saratoga Springs' 1 .
Saratoga Springs
A.
I
May 11, 1852
Bank of Silver Creek.
Bank of Sing Sin "
Silver Creek
A.
A.
c
Oct. 25, 1839
July 13, 1853
In year 2500
Dec. 31, 1953
Jan. 1, 1866
Sept. 15, 2338
June 14, 1956
Jan. 1, 1952
June 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1939
Jan. 17, 2340
Oct. 1, 2838
100
125
2,000
100
100
440
100
600
100
100
100
Bank of the State of New
York
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I
Sept. 26,1838
June 20, 1856
Nov. 6, 1852
June 17, 1S52
Dec. 18, 1849
Jan. 14, 1839
Jan. 26, 1839
Dec. 10, 1838
April ' 26, 1852
June 14, 1859
Feb. 28, 1839
June 26, 1854
June 16, 1851
Bank of Tioga
Bank of Troy'
Troy
Ulster Village
Utica, . .
Bank of UticaJ
Bank of Waterville
Bank of Westfield
Bank of West Troy
Westfleld
West Troy
May 1, 1900
Feb. 25, 2839
Dec. 31, 1953
Jan. 1, 1890
200
100
150
100
Bank of Whitehall*
Whitehall
Bank of Whitestown
Whitesboro
Black River Bank
Brings Bank of Clyde
Clyde
A.
I.
Aug. 15, 1849
Aug. 9, 1849
July, 1852
Feb. 24, 1832
Dec. 31. 1854
March 1, 1853
1854
Oct. 12, 1852
Dec. 22, 1852
Sept. 3, 1855
April 3, 1855
April 1, 1856
Sept. 20, 1858
Dec. 31, 1852
March 14, 1833
Aug. 9, 1950
500
Brnckport Exchange Bank..
c
Jan. 1, 1860
Jan. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 2000
Dec. 31, 1953
200
100
100
300
A.
A.
A.
I
Dec. 17, 1854
Feb. 22, 1853
July 18, 1854
Buffalo City Bank
Buffalo
Bull's Head Bank of the
City of New York
New York
Bur not Bank
Butchers & Drovers' Bank
in the City of New York**
Cambridge Valley Bank at
North White Creek
New York
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
Dec. 16, 1852
June 20, 1855
Nov. 30, 1855
Feb. 28, 1856
Sept. 16, 1858
Dec. 28, 1852
Dec. 31, 1953
Jan. 1, 1905
April 3, 1955
Jan. 1, 2000
Sept. 1, 1958
Jan. 1, 1899
Jan. 1, 1863
600
115
100
110
100
t
250
White Creek
Canrajoharie
Cataract Bank
Catskill Bank 71
Catskill
Cayuga County Bank
Auburn
First incorp. March 28, 1817 ; cap. $400,000 ; once extended;
expired Jan. 1, 1853.
& First incorp. March 19, 1813; cap. $200,000 ; once extended;
expired July 1, 1855.
"First incorp. March 22, 1811.
* First bank in State; incorp. March 22, 1791; cap. $900,000;
thrice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1853.
* A bank of similar name filed Jan. 7, 1839 ; cap. $100,000 ;
did not organize.
/Begun as an individual bank.
f Ouce extended.
* Individual bank of this title begun 1847.
' 1'irst incorp. March 22, 1811 ; cap. $500,000 ; allowed to open
* $105,660.
offices of discount and deposit at Waterford and Lansinburgh ,
once extended; expired Jan. 1, 1853; State reserved right to
take stock.
i First incorp. June 1, 1812 ; cap. $1,000,000; once extended ;
allowed to open a branch at Canandaigua April 10, 1815 ; State
reserved right to take stock.
* Organized in place of Safety Fund Bank of same name
whose charter expired June 13, 1859.
' First incorp. Apr. 18, 1831 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1, 1855.
"Butchers & Drovers' Bank incorp. April 8, 1830; cap.
$300,000, increased to $500,000 ; expired Jan. 1, 1853.
n First incorp. March 26, 1813; cap. $400,000; once extended:
expired Jan. 1, 1853.
t $110,007.
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Existing Banks, continued.
CORPORA NAME.
Location.
C. (liartered by law.
A. Associated free bank.
I. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thou-
sands of dollars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. Stocks of N. I', or U. S.
S. E. Stocks and real estate.
Oj filing arti-
cles.
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Of expiration
of charier or
privilege.
Central Bank of Brooklyn..
Central Bank at Cherry
Valley"
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
c
April 9, 1853
Dec. 13, 1S54
Feb. 5, 1853
May 12, 1852
Feb. 6, 1851
Feb. 5,1844
Aug. 1, 1853
Dec. 14, 1854
May 1, 1853
May 12, 1852
Feb. 20, 1851
April 18, 1831
Feb. 24, 1844
April 9, 1833
May 1, 1846
April 1, 1853
Aug. 20, 1853
May 1, 1851
Dec. 14, 1850
July 1, 1852
Nov. 1, 1849
Aug. 1, 1850
July 1, 1847
NOT. 1850
April 28, 1853
Nov. 7, 1838
Feb. 1, 1856
Jan. 6, 1839
Aug. 15, 1849
Jan. 24, 1NM
Jan. 1, 1853
March 15, 1856
June 1, 1855
April 15, 1853
Jan. 1, 1839
Oct. 1, 1856
March 15, 1858
Sept. 8, 1852
Nov. 1, 1853
April 25, 1832
July 1, 1851
April 1, 1852
April 10, 1839
Mav 7, 1856
March 1,1839
April 1, 1854
July 31, 1953
Jan. 1, 1955
May 1, 2353
May 12, 1952
Jan. 1, 1899
Jan. 1, 1860
Jau. 1, 1899
200
200
200
110
800
100
300
200
100
105
125
300
150
800
125
250
300
200,000
200,000
300,000
125,200
450,000
100,000
300,000
200,000
125.500
150,000
166,100
400,000
300,000
1,000,000
276,400
250,000
500,000
25,000
136,1-00
500,000
125,000
300,000
108,200
2,000,000
1,000,000
107,500
100.000
74,000
150,000
125.000
100,000
206.525
100,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
118,000
64.533
300,000
171,300
200,000
350,000
168,650
200,000
111,150
300,000
150,000
125,000
300,000
150,000
150,000
105,000
100,000
100,000
S.
S.E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
s.
S.E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
8.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S. E.
S.E.
B. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
Cherry Valley
Troy
Central Hank of Troy
Central City Bank'.-
Chau.. ui |ue County Bank..
Jamestown
Elmira .
East Chester
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
J
May 11, 1S4H
Feb. 4, 1853
Sept. 8, 1853
May 3, 1851
Nov. 6, 1850
May 26. 1852
Dec. 17, 1849
July 3, 1856
July 3, 1847
May 1, 2500
Jan. 1, 2000
Dec. 31, 1953
Jan. 1, 1951
.Ian. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1952
Nov. 1, 2049
July 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 2000
Chittenango Bank
Fulton
Citizens' Bank
City liank of Brooklyn
City Bank of New York* ...
City Bank
Brooklyn
Clinton Hank of Buffalo
Commercial Bank of Al-
Buffalo
Comniercial Bank of Clyde.
Commercial Bank of Glens
Kails
Clyde
Glens Falls
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
April 28, 1853
April 8, 1839
Feb. 18, 1S56
Jau. 8, 1839
Aug. 6, 1849
Jan. 24, 1853
Dec. 21, 1852
March 21, 1856
June 20, 1855
April 9, 1853
March 21. ls:;;i
Nov. 12, lK5i;
Feb. 12, lsr>7
Sept. 11. 1S52
April 22, 1854
Jan. 1, 1954
Nov. 7, 1938
Feb. 1, 1956
In year 2000
Jan. 1, 2500
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1950
March 15, 1956
June 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1939
Jan. 1, 1959
March 1, 2000
Sept. 18, 1952
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1862
In year 2000
July 1, 1952
April 10,1939
150
400
125
100
*
1,500
500
100
100
100
100
125
100
300
200
100
150
150
100
Commercial Bank of Roch-
Commercial Bank of Sara-
Saratoga Springs
Trov ...
Comniercial Bank of Troy..
Commercial Bank of White-
hall
Whitehall
Corn Kxcliange Bank.
Crotou Kiver Bank
New York
Breuster Station
Cuba
Cuba Bank
Delawaie Bank
Delhi
Deposit Bank/.
Deposit
East Ki\er Hank?
Elmira liank
Essex C' 'unty Bank A
New York
Elmira
K* r-eville
Exchange Bank at Lock-
port
A.
A.
A.
I
Nov. 12, 1851
June 17, 1852
April 26,1839
Fallkill Bank
Poughkeepsie
Amsterdam
Farmers' Bank of Amster-
dam
Farmers Bank of Attica...
Farmers Bank of Hudson..
Farmers Bank of Lansing-
burgh .
Attica
A.
A.
A
Feb. 7, 1839
March 31, 1854
Dec. 31, 1900
April 1, 1954
100
200
Lansingburgh....
Farmers Bank of Saratoga
County
Farmers Bank of the City
Troy . ...
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
Nov. 13, 1852
June 30, 1856
Juno 21, 1852
July 16, 1839
Dec. 1, 1852
Jan. 1, 1856
July 3, 1852
March 16, 1839
April 26, 1834
Nov. 1, 1838
Feb. 12, 1839
March 1. Isr.f,
Jan. 1, 1839
Nov. 6, 1847
May 15, 1854
Aug. 1, 1856
April 30. 1854
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1956
July 3, 2000
In year 1950
Jan. 1, 1864
Nov. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 3838
Jan. 1, 1956
Jan. 1, 2001
Nov. 3, 2347
May 15, 2354
May 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 1899
350
200
200
t
300
100
100
200
100
110
105
100
100
Farmers' Bank of Washing-
Fort Edward
Williamshurgh...
Somere
Pou"hkeepsie... .
Farmers & Citizens' Bank
Farmers & Drovers' Bank..
Farmers & Manufacturers'
Bank
Farmers 4 T Mechanics' Bank
of Genesee*
Buffalo
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
Dec. 13, 1838
March 15, 1839
March 4, 1856
Jan. 2, 1839
Nov. 5, 1847
Feb. 6, 1854
Julv 2. 1856
April 29,1854
Farmers & Mechanics' Bank
of Uochester
Rochester
Flour City Bank
Fort Plain Bank
Furt Plain
Fort Stanwix Bank.
Frankfort
Fred nia Bank
Frontier Bank
Fredonia,
Potsdam
"Cherry Valley Bank incorp. April 21, 1818; cap. $200,000;
changed to Central Bank ; once extended ; expired Jan. 1, 1855.
* Changed from Crouse Bank Feb. 3, 1857.
Removed from Ogdensburgh.
d City Bank incorp. June 16, 1812 ; cap. $2,000,000 ; twice ex-
tended; expired July 1, 1852; cap. reduced one half March 24,
1820. and afterward to $720,000.
Commercial Bank incorp. April 12, 1825; cap. $300,000 ; once
extended ; expired July 1, 1847.
* $108,200.
/An individual bank merged in association.
a Allowed to reduce cap. to $313 918 March 7, 1836.
* Allowed to increase cap. to $400,000 May 10, 1836.
* Fanners' Bank incorp. March 31, 1801 ; cap. $250,000; State
reserved right to take stock ; twice extended ; expired Jan. 1,
1853.
i Increased to $300,000 March 9, 1854; afterward reduced.
* Removed from Batavia June 3, 1852
t $111,150.
CORPORATIONS.
Existing Banks, continued.
CORPORATE NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered by law.
A. Associated free bank.
1. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thou-
sands of Collars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. Stocks of N. Y. or U. S.
S. E. Stocks and real estate.
Of filing arti-
clts.
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Fulton Bank, in the City of
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I
Jan. 15, 1844
April 28, 1852
Dec. 19, 1838
Oct. 1, 1853
May 6, 1851
March 1, 1844
March 23, 1852
Jan. 1, 1839
Oct. 5, 1853
May 10, 1851
1854
Oct. 31, 1851
Nov. 1, 1851
June 4, 1855
Aug. 1, 1851
March 1, 1853
April 2, 1851
March 14, 1833
April 26, 1834
Feb. 24, 1859
Jan. 1, 1899
March 23, 1952
Jan. 1, 2000
Oct. 5, 1919
Jan. 1, 2000
600
150
100
130
120
$600,000
150,000
200.000
130,000
150,000
50,000
112,000
110,000
200,000
240,000
110,000
1,000,000
200,000
200,000
25,000
250,000
125,000
125,000
100,000
1,500,000
400,000
50,000
500,000
92.915
2,000,000
50,000
122.000
200,000
40,850
325,000
39,200
600,000
100,000
400,000
48,609
2,050,000
150,000
250,000
495.000
300,000
186,000
659,100
1,000,000
300,000
300,000
2,000,000
316,000
140,000
350,000
400,000
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.
S.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S.
S. E.
ri.
S.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
Fulton County Bank
Genesee River Bank
Mount Morri8
Geneeee Valley Bank
Geo. Washington Bank
Glens Falls Bank
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
Oct. 31, 1851
Sept. 25, 1850
May 30, 1855
Aug. 15, 1851
Feb. 19, 1853
April 2, 1851
Sept. 1, 1952
Nov. 1, 1951
June 7, 1954
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 2053
April 2, 1951
Jan. 1, 18b3
Jan. 1, 1864
150
110
200
150
110
500
200
200
Goshen Bank . . .
Greenwich BankoftheCity
Grocers' Bank in the City
New York
Hanover Bank
Herkimer County Bank
Highland Bank
Little Falls ,
c
H. J. Miner & Co.'s Bank...
H. T. Miner's Bank
Dunkirk
I.
I
Hudson liiver Bank"
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
April 23, 1855
April 25, 1853
Sept. 17, 1853
Feb. 6, 1852
Nov. 28, 1855
May 11. 1854
May 8, 1855
June 1, 1853
Sept. 1, 1853
Feb. 2. 1852
Dec. 1, 1855
June 1, 1854
July, 1853
March 31, 1851
Feb. 1853
Dec. 31, 1853
March 16, 1859
July 15, 1858
July 1, 1854
May 18, 1836
April 15,1854
March 12, 1857
Jan. 1855
April 23, 1832
Feb. 27, 1856
June 16, 1845
Dec. 1843
April 2, 1799
March 6, 1853
April 22, 1852
July 1, 1856
Aug. 1, 1850
Aug. 20, 1856
Jan. 1, 1853
Aug. 30, 1852
Sept. 2, 1853
Aug. 10, 1862
Jan. 1, 1855
Aug. 1, 1838
Aug. 28, 1851
Dec. 1, 1852
Jan. 2, 1857
May 10, 1955
July 1, 1953
July 1, 1953
Feb. 3, 2352
Jan. 1, 1955
Jan. 1, 1954
200
125
125
100
1,000
400
Huguenot Bk.of New I'ultz
Hungerford's Bank d
New Paltz
Ilion Bank
Importers & Traders' Bank
International Bank
New York
Buffalo
Iron Bank
Platteburgh. .
Irving Bank in the City of
New York
A.
I.
March 29, 1851
Jan. 1, 1950
500
Jamestown Bank
Jamestown
Jeffers n County Bank'
J. N. Hungerford's Bank...
J. T. Raplee's Bank
A.
I.
I.
Oct. 21, 1853
Feb. 9, 1859
Jan. 1, 1900
200
Corning
Ogdensburgh
A.
c
Aug. i, iss-i
July 1, 1904
Jan. 1, 1866
March 12, 1957
132
200
250
Kingston Bank
Lake Mahopac Hank
Lake Ontario Bank
Mahopac
I.
A.
I.
March 17, 1857
Lake Shore Bank
Dunkirk
Leather Manufacturers' B'k
Leonardsville Bank
New York
C.
June 1, 1862
Feb. 27. 2356
July 1, 1890
600
100
200
Leonardsville
A.
A.
A.
j
April 25, 1856
May 13, 1859
June 16, 1845
Long Island Bank?
Lyons Bauk^
Manhattan Company*
New York
c
Unlimited
May 1, 1903
July 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 2000
Aug. 20, 2856
Jan. 1, 1953
Aug. 30, 1951
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 1955
Aug. 1, 1938
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1957
2,000
250
200
200
170
125
500
650
200
200
2,000
140
J50
400
Manufacturers' Bank of
Brooklyn'
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
April 19, 1853
Aug. 12, 1852
June 26, 1856
July 15, 1850
June 25, 1856
March 23, 1853
Oct. 19, 1852
July 5, 1853
Aug. 12, 1852
Dec. 18, 1854
Aug. 1, 1838
Sept. 29, 1851
Nov. 4, 1852
Dec. 30, 1856
Manufacturers' Bank of
Troy
Troy....
Manufacturers & Traders'
Bank
Marine Bank of Buffalo
Marine Bank, at Oswego....
Marine Bank of the City of
New York
Buffalo
Buffalo
Oswego . .
New York
Market Bank
Market Bank of Troy
Mechanics' Bank of Brook-
Ivn
Troy
Mechanics' Bank of the City
of New York*
New York
Mechanics' Banking Asso-
ciation*
New York
Mechanics' Bank of Syra-
cuse
Mechanics & Farmers'
Bank of Albany
Mechanics & Traders' Bank
in the City of New York.
New York
Fu'.ton Bank incorp. April 1, 1824; cap. $500,000 ; increased
to $750.000 March 16, 1S27 ; expired March 1, 1844.
'Greenwich Bank incorp. April 17, 1830; cap. $200,000; ex-
pired June 6, 1853.
' First incnrp. March 29, 1830; cap. $100,000; increased to
$150,000 April 16, 1832; expired June 12, 1855.
<* Originally an individual bank.
First incorp. April 17, 1816; cap. $400,000, and located at
Adams ; fitted ; removed to Utica Nov. 19, 1824, and cap. re-
duced to $100,000; increased to $200,000 May 19, 1836; once ex-
tended ; expired Jan. 1, 1854.
/Niagara River Bank, Buffalo, removed to Lockport, and
name changed May 13, 1859.
a First incorp. April 1, 1824 ; cap. $300,000 ; once extended ;
expired July 1, 1845.
* Begun under the name of Palmyra Bank; changed name
March 31, 1857.
< Chartered for supplying city with water, with perpetual
banking privileges.
i Changed from Mechanics' Bank of Wilhamsburgh, and cap.
reduced April 15, 1858.
* Mechanics Bank first incorp. March 23,1810; cap. $1,500,000 ;
reduced to $1,440,000; once extended; expired Jan 1, 1855;
State reserved right to take stock.
I Under Chap. 183, laws of 1*58 ; original cap. $128,175.
"> First incorp. March 22, 1811 ; cap. $i 00,000 ; reduced on-
fourth April 4, 1820; once extended; expired Jan. 1, 1853.
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Existing Banks, continued.
CORPORATE NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered by law.
A. Associated free bank.
I. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thou-
sands of dollars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. Stock of T. Y. or U. S.
S. E. Stocks and real estate.
Of fling arti-
cles.
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
I
May, 1854
Jan. 8, 1850
Jan. 1, 1856
March 21, 1853
May, 1844
Jan. 2, 1857
July 2. 1S45
Dec. 31, 1850
April, 1853
June 1, 1849
Oct. 15, 1838
Dec. 15, 1853
April 10, 1850
July 1, 1839
Dec. 1, 1852
Jan. 1, 1856
July 1, 1839
May 23, 1857
Dec. 31, 1856
Feb. 1, 1853
Nov. 1, 1S52
Jan. 12, 1859
Jan. 16, 1856
Jan. 2, 1857
June 1, 1855
April 12, 1825
Sept. 1, 1S52
April 21,1851
Dec. 31, 1850
May 1, 1856
June 1, 1842
Dec. 10, 1849
April 30, 1829
May 14, !<<3f>
Sept. T.'. 1853
May 10, 1S53
Sept. 22, 1852
May 1, 1854
$ 50,000
1,000,000
100,000
400,000
50,000
2,638,975
150,000
180,000
40,000
1,235,000
80,000
300,000
4,000,000
125,000
200,000
100,000
150,000
100,000
100,000
234,500
979,200
600,000
1,500,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
130,000
350,000
100,000
316,000
1,000,000
100,000
400,000
173,500
125,000
105,000
96,200
1. '.'I. M< II I
300.000
200,000
150^000
114.500
200,000
422,700
2,000,000
412.500
43,620
1,800.000
100,000
300,000
50,000
S.E.
S.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
g.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S. E.
S.
g.
S.
s.
S.E.
S.
s.
S. E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.
s.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
g.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
A.
A.
A.
I
Jan. 8, 1850
Jan. 24, 1856
Jan. 22, 1S53
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1956
March 1, 1953
200
100
250
Mercantile Bank of Platts-
Platt3bur"h
Merchants' Bank of Albany.
Merchants' Bank of Erie
Merchants' Bank in the City
of New York
\ewYork
A.
A.
A.
I
Dec. 24, 1856
Jan. 19. 1845
Feb. 21, 1851
Jan. 1, 1957
July 1, 1895
Dec. 31, 1950
1,500
110
135
Merchants' Bank in Pough-
Poughkeepsie
Merchants' Bank of West-
field
Westfield
Merchants' Exchange Bank
in the City of New York 6
Merchants & Farmers'Bank
Merchants & Mechanics'
Bank of Troy
Metropolitan Bank
VPW York
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
April 24, 1849
Oct. 24, 1838
Dec. 15, 1853
April 10, 1851
May 17, 1839
Oct. 13. 1852
Jan. 2. IsV,
March 28. Is39
May 2(1. 1 <-.-,:
Dee. 30, 1856
Jan. 3, 1853
Oct. 28, 1852
Jan. 2S, 1*59
Feb. 8, 1856
Dec. 22, 1856
June 25, 1855
Jan. 1, 1899
Jan. 1, 2040
Jan. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 1950
May 1, 2130
Jan. 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 1956
Jan. 1, 2839
May 23, 2557
Jan. 1, 1956
Feb. 1, 1953
Nov. 1, 1952
Jan. 16, 1956
Jan. 1, 1957
June 1, 1955
Unlimited
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1950
Before 2500
Jan. 1, 1899
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1S59
Jan. 1, 1S66
Sept. 19, 2000
Jan. 2, 2500
Sept. 2.1 '(02
May 1, 1954
1,000
150
300
250
100
125
100
100
100
100
200
500
600
1,500
200
200
120
250
250
200
500
500
100
400
150
125
105
150
Troy
New York
S. Middletown....
Mohawk Bank of Schenec-
ta<ly c
Mohawk Valley Bank
Monroe County Bank
M< .ntgomery County Bank<*
Mutual Bank
Mohawk
Rochester
Troy
Nassau Bank of Brooklyn..
National Bank of "Albany...
National Bank in the City
Albany
New York
New York County Bank of
the City of New York
New York Dry Dock Corn-
New York.
New York
New York & Erie Bank*...
New York Exchange Hank
in the City of New York.
New York State Bank*
Buffalo
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
Aug. 12, 1852
April 14. IS.il
Oct. 26. 1850
May 7, 1856
July 1, 1842
Dec. 22, 1849
New York
Albany
North River Bank in the
City of New York'
New York
Ocean Bank in the City of
New York
Ogdensburgh Bank
Oo'densbur^h...
Oneida Bank
Utica
c
Oneida Central Bank
Rome
A.
A.
A.
A.
A
Oct. 29, 1S53
May 2, 1853
Sept. 27, 152
May 1, 1854
Oneida County Bank
1 ti':l
Oneida Valley Bank
Oneida
Onondaga County Bank
Oriental Bank
Syracuse
New York
Ogdensburgh
Oswego
Fulton .
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I
July 6, 1853
Oct. 3, 1854
Oct.' 3,'l855
Dec. 30, 1853
Oct. 8, 1850
March 12, 1S56
Feb. 27, 1851
July 11, 1853
Oct. 10, 1854
March 14, 1831
Jan. 1, 1856
Dec. 31, 1853
June 17, 1850
March 1,1856
April 1, 1851
Sept. 29, 1855
Jan. 2, 1854
Sept. 1, 1853
March 19, 1852
Aug. 1853
July 11. 1953
Oct. 1, I'.i54
Jan. 1, 1859
Dec. 31. 1955
Jan. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 1950
March 1, 1956
April 1, 1950
300
200
150
125
200
500
2,000
250
Oswego Bank ,
Oswe^o River Bank
Cooperstown
Pacific Bank
Park Bank
People's Bank of the City
Perrin Bank
Rochester
Phoenix Bank of the City
of New York*
New York
A.
A.
A.
I.
Dec. 27, 1853
Sept. 16, 1S53
March 19, 1852
Jan. 2, 1954
Dec. 31, 1899
Jan. 1, 1952
1,200
100
130
Pulaski Bank
Qua^saick Bank
Randall Bank
Pulaski
Newburgh
Cortlandville
Successor to Bank of Ithaca.
' First incorp. April 29, 1S29; cap. $750,000.
' Mohawk Bank iucorp. March 13, 1807 ; cap. $200,000 ; allowed
to reduce April 4, 1820; twice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1853.
<* First incorp. March 15, 1831 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1,
1857.
National Bank incorp. April 30, 1829; cap. $1,000,000; ex-
pired Jan. 1, 1857.
/ Dock Co., with perpetual banking powers.
ff Removed from Dunkirk March, 1854.
* First incorp. March 19, 1803; cap. $4CO,000; once extended;
expired Jan. 1, 1851 ; State reserved right to take stock.
> North River Bank incorp. March 23, 1821 ; cap. $500,000 ;
expired July 1, 1842 ; judgment dissolving an injunction filed
Sept. 25, 1858.
i First incorp. April 8, 1830; cap. $100,000; expired Jan. 1,
1854.
* Incorp. June 15, 1812. cap. $1.000,000, as New York Manu-
facturing Co., fir making wire and cards; amended Sept. 26,
1S14. with banking privileges to extent of 150.000 besides
S350.000 in manufacturing; changed to Phoenix Bank, Feb.
2, 1817: once extended; expired Jan. 1, 1854; increased to
$1.000,000 April 29, 1834, and reduced May 7, 1841.
CORPORATIONS.
95
Existing Banks, continued.
CORRORATE NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered by law.
A. Associated free bank.
1. Individual bank.
DATES
Original capital, in thou-
sands of dollars.
Present
capital.
Securities
S. stocks of Jf. Y. or IT. S.
S. E. Stocks and real estate.
Of filing arti-
cles.
Of beginning
businesss or of
act of incor-
porations.
Of expiration
of charter
privilege.
Rensselaer County Bank ....
K. M. Goddard & Co.'s Bank
Lans i n gburgh
Canton
A.
I.
A.
c
Dec. 7, 1852
March 31, 1854
Jan. 1, 1853
April 29, 1859
April 1, 1854
May 18, 1836
Feb. 18, 1851
NOT. 15, 1852
Jan. 3, 1852
Dec. 1. 1855
April 16,1832
April, 1852
March 12, 1833
April 30, 1833
Dec. 3, 1852
Sept. 22, 1858
June 1, 1853
April 27,1852
Sept. 6, 1853
March 9, 1832
May 29, 1858
April 1844
Jan. 10, 1855
Oct. 26, 1849
March 14, 1831
May 14, 1836
Jan. 2, 1855
April 19,1833
March 14, 1831
July, 1844
July 4, 1853
June 23, 1853
Dec. 22, 1852
March 1, 1853
March 1,1851
Jan. l.lsr.l
Julv, 1, 1852
Sept. 1, 1848
Aug. 3, 1857
July 1, 1839
Jan. 20, 1839
Aug. 6, 1855
July 3, 1854
March 21, 1833
Feb. 16, 1854
April 6, 1853
Feb. 4, 1852
Dec. 1841
Dec. 1854
NOT. 1851
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 1866
Jan. 1, 1951
NOT. 15, 1952
Jan. 3, 1952
Dec. 1, 1956
Jan. 1, 1862
200
100
400
100
500
125
100
150
$ 200.000
200,000
400,000
100,000
750,000
200.000
150,000
150,000
100,000
500JOOO
1,500.000
50.000
100.000
250.000
125.000
150.000
60.000
20,000
100. i
160,250
100,000
250,000
800,000
300,000
100,000
125,550
500,000
200,000
1,500.000
500,000
150.000
300,000
187,900
200,000
125,000
200,000
100,000
106,100
100,000
200.000
125,000
200,000
500,000
50.000
50,000
50,000
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S. K.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
Rochester City Bank
Rochester.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
Feb. 18, 1851
NOT. 25. 1852
Feb. 4, 1852
NOT. 28, 1856
New York.. .
Salt Springs Bank
Saratoga County Bank"
S\ rrtcuse
Wat'-rford
Schenectady. . .
Schoharie County Bank
Schoharie
I
Waterloo .
c
Jan. 1, 1863
Jan. 1, 1S63
Dec. 2, 1952
200
500
600
SeTenth Ward Bank
New York
c
Shoe & Leather Bank . .
New York
A.
I
Dec. 30, 1852
Smith's Hank of Perry
Perrv
A.
A.
A.
c
May 31, 1S53
May 20, 1S52
July 9, 1853
June 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 2000
Sept. 5, L893
Jan. 1, 1862
Jan. 1, 1900
100
250
100
150
120
State Bank of Troy
Trov ...
State of New York Bank....
Stenben County Bank
Kingston
Bath
Stissing Bank 6
Suffolk County Bank
Piin- Plains
Sag Harbor
A.
I
June 8, 1858
Susqutihanna Valley Bank..
Syracuse City Bank
Tanners' Bank
A.
A.
c
Jan. 31.1855
Dc. 21, 1849
Jan. 9. 1955
Oct. 26, 1949
Jan. 1, IStiO
Jan. 1, 1866
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1863
June 1, 1861
100
100
100
250
800
300
100
Syracuse
Catskill
Tompkins County Bank
Tradesmen's Bank of the
City of New York"
Ithaca
c
New York . .
A.
Dec. 28, 1854
June 1, 1859
Traders' Bank of Rochester 1 *
Trov City Bank
Rochester
Trny
c
Ulster County Bank
Unadilla Bank
Kingston
I'na.lilla
C.
j
Union Bank of Albany
Union Bank of Kinder-
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
c
June 8, 1853
June 23,1853
Dec. 21,1852
Jan. 20, 1853
March 3,1851
Jan. 20. 1S51
June 14. 1V.-J
Aug. :.i". L848
June 9, 1857
March 8,1839
Jan. 21, 1839
Aug. 20, 1855
July 12, 1854
July 4, 1953
Jan. 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1S99
Jan. 1,1951
July 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 18'J8
Aug. 3, 1957
In year 2050
Jan. 1, 2839
Aug. 6, 1955
Jan. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 1863
Feb. 16, 2354
In year 2000
Feb. 4, 1952
250
125
1,000
400
110
250
100
125
125
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
200
Union Bank of the City of
Union Bank of Rochester...
Union Bank of SulliTan
Trov
Union Bank of Watcrtown..
\\ atTtown
Wallkill Bank
Washington County Bank..
Watertown Bank & Loan
Company
Union Village
Watertown
Wavcrly
Weerlsport
Peekskill
Weedsport Bank
Westchester County Bank..
West Winfiold Bank
WestWinfleld
Buffalo
A.
A.
A.
I
March 10, 1854
April 9, 1853
Feb. 25, 1852
White's Bank of Buffalo....
Williamshurgh City Bank..
W T ooster Sherman's Bank...
Williamsburf;h....
Watertown
Worthington Bank
Cooperstown
I.
Wyoming County Bank
Warsaw
I.
First incorp. March 29, 1830 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1,
1857.
6 Successor to Pine Plains Bank.
c Tradesmen's Bank incorp. March 29, 1823 % ; cap. $600,000 : re-
duced to $400,000 March 26, 1827 ; once ext. ; exp. Jan. 1, 1855.
d Formed by the consolidation of the Manufacturers' Bank
and the Eagle Bank by special act of 1859.
'Union Bank incorp. March 8, 1811; cap. $1,800,000; once
extended; expired Jan. 1, 1S53; successor to Jersey Bank, in-
corp. by State of New Jersey.
Obsolete and dosing Banks.
(Those marked with a * are redeemed by the Banking Department.)
o ^i S i)
"tr -^ ~
Ij.B-g
Date of charter
g^-3
NAME.
Location.
i i.b
or beginning
Capital.
. ) C 05
Remarks.
' J< J;
of business.
Adams Bank
Ashford.
I.
Aug. 1850
Redemption expires June 2, 1860.
Geo. Jones, N. Y.
^Agricultural Bank of)
Herkimer
A.
Jan. 11, 1839
$ 100,000
Par
( Failed June 4, 1858. Red. at
< New York State Bank, Al-
Allegany County Bank
Aqueduct Association in 1
[ Village of Catskill......;
Angelica
I.
C.
May 13, 1840
April 21,1818
S. 36
( liany.
/Changed to Greene County
\ Bank Feb. 5, 1819.
Catskill
96
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered.
A. Associate.
I . Individual.
Date of charter
or beginning
of business.
Capital.
Kate of redemp-
tion of circula-
tion. &. Stocks.
S. K. Siockt and
mortgages on real
estate.
Remarks.
Mayville
I.
A.
I.
I.
A.
I.
A.
C.
I.
C.
A.
I.
A.
C.
I.
A.
C.
A.
C.
I.
C.
C.
A.
C.
I.
C.
c.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
C.
I.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
C.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
1.
June, 1847
June 2, 1852
June, 1847
1844
Sept. 26, 1839
April, 1847
Nov. 13, 1839
March 14, 1831
July, 1852
March 6, 1793
Aug. 27, 1839
June, ls4>-
March 1, 1856
March 25, 1808
Sept. 1847
Jan. 8, 1839
May 14. 1836
March 31, 1851
April 22,1829
Jan. 1846
April 29, 1829
April 17,1816
Feb. 13, 1S40
April 30, 1834
Sept. 1852
April 7. 1817
Feb. 19, 1824
Dec. 15, 1S38
March, 1852
May 25, 1853
Aug. 13, 1838
Jan. 1, 1839
April 7, 1817
Jan. 1, 1839
July 4, 1838
April 30, 1829
Dec. 26 ; 1838
Aug. 16, 1847
Jan. 27, 1848
May 2, 1829
April 10, 1839
Jan. 23, 1840
Jan. 17, 1853
April 21,1824
Sept. 14, 1855
Jan. 8, 1839
May 21, 183G
March 10, 1839
Feb. 10, 1840
April 26,1834
April 28,1834
May 19, 1836
Sept. 30, 1833
Sept. 1848
May 12, 1852
Oct. 1846
Aug. 1847
Closiag. Red. by Henry Keep
until Nov. 16, 1861.
Closing.
Failed 1847.
Red by Geo. Jones, N. Y., until
Sept. 14, 1861.
Failed.
Closing. Red. by H. B. Bennett
until March 26, 1863.
Failed.
Failed.
Closed. Red. until April 29, 1863.
Failed 1829. Twice extended.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 7, 1862.
Closing. Originally individual.
Failed 1820. Allowed office of
discount at^Catskill.
Closing. Red. until March 21,
1862.
Failed.
Failed.
Scarcely begun business. Got
one plate engraved.
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1850.
Failed Oct. 1, 1S51. Time expired
for redemp. Jan. 8, 1859.
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1850.
Removed to N. Y., and now
Mercantile Bank of New York.
Failed 1825.
Failed.
Failed. Elizur Hart receiver.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 28,1862.
Failed 1825.
Charter expired July 1847.
Failed 1840.
Closing. Red. until June 2, 1864.
Closing.
Closed 1843.
Failed 1825
Failed.
Failed.
Charter expired June 13, 1859.
Failed.
Failed. Jno. A. Stewart receiver.
Closing. Red. by Edwin Rock-
well until Jan. 1. 1804.
Failed July 11, 1848.
Closing. (See Rep. Comp. 1848.
p. 7u.)
Failed.
Failed.
( Charter expired. Merged in
\ Chemical Bank.
Failed March 23, 1858. Red. by
Bank Dept. until Sept. 23,
1864.
Failed in 1840.
Failed 1839. (See Comp. Rep.
livK p. 75.)
Closed 1841.
Tailed 1844.
Failed.
Failed.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Dec. 2, 1859.
Changed to Central City Bank
Feb. 3, 1"57.
Cl.ising. (See Rep. Comp. 1848,
p. 75.) Red. until Nov. 16,
1861.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 25,
1861.
*Astor Bank
New York
$ 200,000
Par
Atlas Bank of New York...
Amenia Bank
Clymer
S. 97, S. E. 75
Par
S. 76, 8. E.78
100,000
Bank of America at Buffalo .
Buffalo
Penn Yan
150,000
200,000
80
Bank of Buffalo
Buffalo
Par
Bank of Carthage
160,000
100,000
Bank of Commerce of Buf-
falo
Buffalo
3.76
Bank of the Empire State..
*Bauk of Hornellsvilie
Bank of Hudson
II"! iit.-llaville
100.000
300,000
Par
Bank of Lake Erie
Buffalo .
Bank of Lodi
Lodi, (Seneca co.,)
100,000
200,000
100,000
300,000
S. 83, S. E. 97
Par
Bank of the Metropolis
Bank of Monroe
New York
Par
Bank of New Rochelle
Bank of Ithaca
S.par.S.E.Sl
Par
200,000
400.000
100,000
200,000
Bank of Niagara
Buffalo
Bank of Olean
S.87, S. E.74
Bank of Orleans
Ubion
Bank of the 1'eople
Par
Bank of Plattsburgh
riattsburgh
300.' ii i
250.000
100,000
Bank of Rochester
Par
\\ h- -tlrield
S. 68
Bank of the Union
Belfast
Par
*Bank uf the Union in the
City of New York
300,000
200.000
100,000
400,000
100,000
180,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
112,550
300.000
200,000
100,000
300,000
400,000
Par
Bank of the United States
in New York
Par
Bank of Warsaw
Bank of Washington &
Warren
^andy Hill
Bank of Waterford
Bank of Western NewY'ork.
Bank of Whitehall
S. 75
Whitehall
Biugbaiutun
S.75, S.E. 74
Par
Bowery Bank of the City
Carndeo Bank
Canal Bank
*Canal Bank of Lockport...
Cattaraugus County Bank.
*Central Bank of the City
of New York
Camden
Albany
Par
40
Par
Haudolph
S. 84, S.E. 77
Par
New York
Chemical Manufacturing i
New York
Par
1-0 )
Chemung County Bank
rin ! sea Bank.
Horseheads
Par ...
New York
1.000,000
400,000
100,000
100,000
400,000
500,000
250.000
100,000
25
City Bank of Buffalo
Buffalo
City Trust & Banking Co...
Clinton Bank.
Commercial Bank of Buf-
falo
Par
New York
Buffalo
Commercial Bunk of New
York
Commercial Bank of Os ;
Corthini County Rink
Truxton
Par
Cortland County If.ink
<" i"iL-e Bank.
Champlain Bank
Cincinnatus
Syracuse
Ellenburgh
100,000
Par
Par
Par
Commercial Bank. . ..
CORPORATIONS.
97
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered.
A. Associate.
I. Individual.
Date of Charter
or beginning
of business.
Capital.
Rate of redemp-
tion of circula-
tion. S. Stocks.
S. E.Stncks and
mortgages on real
estate.
Remarks.
Commercial Bank, AHe-1
I.
July, 1847
Par
(Closing. Red. until July 22,
1 1862.
Clinton County Bank
Plattsburgh
C.
May 18, 1836
$200,000
Failed.
Newport
A.
NOT. 1, 1855
100,000
Par
Failed May 1858. Red. at New
Delaware & Hudson Canal 1
New York
C.
NOT. 19, 1824
600,000
Par
York State Bank at Albany
until Nov 6, 1864.
/ Banking privilege expired
c
April 12 1825
150,000
Par
I
Aug. 1849
Par
Closing Red until Nov 6 1863
Drovers' Bank of St. Law- )
Ogdensburgh
I.
Dec. 1843
( Closed. Removed from Catta-
ence County J
I.
July, 1851
\ raugus co.
Closed.
Eagle Bank
New York
A.
April 5, 1839
100.000
Failed.
A.
March 27, 1852
200,000
Merged in the Traders' Bank of
S. E. 94
Rochester June 1859
Eighth Avenue Bank
New York
A.
Sept. 1, 1853
100,000
Failed Nov. 1854. Red. at Bank
Par
Dept
New York
A
Jan 1 1852
500000
Failed Red at North River
Buffalo
A.
Sept. 1, 1838
100,000
S.62, S. E.72
Bank.
Failed
I
Feb 1851
Par
Closing Red until Nov 16 1861
*xchan"e Bank of Buffalo
Buffalo .. .
I
April, 1844
Par
Failed Red at Albany City
A
Jan. 8, 1849
100,000
Par
Bank.
Exchange Bank of Roches-
ter
I.
Oct 31 1839
Par
ander June 24, 1850.
Closed
Farmers' Bank of Ovid
Farmers' Bank of Hamilton
Ovid
A.
I.
Oct. 6, 1838
April 1850
100,000
Par
Closing Red until July 16 1863
Farmers' Bank of Geneva..
Geneva
A.
July 18, 1839
100,000
I.
Oct 1844
Closed Worthless.
Farmers' Bank of Min.-i
'Farmers' Bank of Onon- 1
Mina
Onondaga Valley ,
I.
I.
May, 1847
July, 1852
Par
85
Closing. Red. until Mar. 9, 1864.
(Failed May 1853. Red. at
1 Bank Dept. at 85 until Nov.
daga /
Farmers' Bank of Orange I
Warwick
I.
Aug. 1842
[ 12. 1859.
( Closed 1843.. Worthless. (See
Farmers' Bank of Orleans..
A.
Oct. 29, 1838
200,000
| Comp. Rep. 1844, p. 61.)
Failed. Worthless.
Farmers' Bank of Penn
Yan
A
Aug 20 1839
100000
Par .
Closed 1843
Farmers' Bank of Seneca
County
A
April 20 1839
100000
S par S E 74
Failed 1840
Farmers & Drovers' Bank
of Erie Couutv
Buffalo
I.
Oct. 1843
Failed 1846. Worthless.
Farmers & Mechanics'
Bank of Ogdensburgh
Ogdensburo'h
A.
Aug. 28, 1843
100,000
Par
Closed.
Farmers & Mechanics'
Bank of Onondaga
Fayetteville
A
Auo- 24 1839
250000
Par
Closed 1841
Franklin Bank of Chau-
tauque County
I
1847
Par
Closing Red until Au iT 25 1861
Franklin Bank
New York
c
April 21 1818
500 000
Failed 1830
Franklin Countv Bank
Malone
I.
Aug 1846
Closed 1852.
Farmers' Bank of Saratoga
County
A
April 1 1851
200000
Par
Freemen's Bank of Wash-
ington County
j
Oet 1850
Closing Red until Oct 2 1861
Genesee Central Bank
\
Dec 11 1838
100000
Globe Bank
j
Dec 23 1839
Globe Bank in the City of
New York
A
April 11 1840
100000
Greene Cnunty Bank
Catskill
c
Feb 5 1819
Failed 18 9 6
*Hamilton Exchange!
Greene
I.
Aug 1850
84
J Redeemed at Bank Dept. at 84
Hartford Bank
Hartford
I
June 1849
Par
I until June 23, 1864.
Closin^ Red until July 14 1862
H. J. Miner's Bank of Utica.
Fredonia.
I
Feb 1850
25000
Par
Henry Keep's Bank
Watertown
I
Sept 1847
Par
notes.
Closing Red until Sopt. 17,
*HoIlister Bank of Buffalo..
Buffalo
A
Feb. 1, 1850
100000
Par
1859.
Howard Trust & Banking
Co
Trov
A
April 16 1839
100 000
p ar
Bank at Albany.
Closed 1844
Hudson River Bank
A
Dec 6 1S38
100 000
*Island City Bank
A
June 1 1854
300 000
Par
Failed Oct 1857 Red at Man-
Ithaca Bank
A
Dec 31 1838
250000
hattan Co. until April 22, 1864.
James Bank
A
Feb 7 1S39
106 000
91
Failed Oct 1,1851 Worthless.
Kinderhook Bank
Knickerbocker Bank
Kinkerhook
I.
I
Jan. 25, 1S39
Sept 1848
Par
Closing Red until Nov. 1C, 1861.
Knickerbocker Bank of )
New York
c
Oct 1, 1851
200000
Par
J Failed. Red. at North River
the City of New York [
Kirkland Bank
Clinton
I
Dec 1 845
Par
( Bank.
Closing Red until June 3, 1863.
T,a Fnvette Bank
New York
C.
April 18, 1834
500,000
Failed.
98
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered.
A. Associate.
I. Individual.
Date of charter
or beginning
of business.
Capital.
Kate oj redemp-
tion of circula-
tion. S. Stocks.
S. E. Stocks and
mortgages on real
estate.
Remarks.
New Lebanon
Le Roy
I.
A.
C.
C.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
A.
A.
I.
A.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
C.
I
July, 1852
Jan. 1, 1839
April 30,1833
April 7, 1830
April 22,1829
Oct. 31, 1838
March, 1851
March 28, 1846
Sept. 1847
March 14, 1831
April 1, 1839
Sept. 10, 1840
July 28, 1856
Sept. 1851
Jan. 25, 1839
March 1,1853
Oct. 24, 1838
March 26, 1839
Feb. 1847
March 1846
Sept. 4, 1839
Sept. 20, 1838
Oct. 1845
July 1852
March 22, 1811
Dec. 1. 183*
Oct. 1
March 23. 1839
Feb. IV, 1
May 6, 1840
Sept. 26, 1814
$160,060
100.000
100,000
100,000
600,000
Par
Closing. Red. until July 16, 1864.
Failed Nov 4 1854.
Le Roy Bank of Genesee ...
Martinsburgh....
Par
Charter expired July 1, 1855.
Charter repealed May 15, 1837.
Closing Red until Nov 12,1863
Lockport . ...
Lockport Bank & Trust Co.
Par ...
Par
Closing. Red. until Oct. 24, 1861.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Feb. 27,1861.
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1858.
Closed,
f Merged in The Traders' Bank
t of Rochester June, 1S59.
Closing. Red. until Sept. 23, 1861.
Failed.
( Changed to Manufacturers'
\ Bank of Brooklyn, 1858.
Closed 1844.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 17, 1861.
Closed
Closed
Failed 1840.
Closing. Red. until May 30, 1862.
(Failed March 1854. Red. at
J Bank Dept. at 77 until Sept.
1 28,1860.
Failed 1829.
Failed 1840.
Closing.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until April 1,1862.
C Merged in Phcenix Bank Feb.
21, 1817. Incorp. June 15,
| 1812, for manufacturing
L cards and wire.
Closed 1840.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 16, 1864.
Closing. Red. until July 19, 1862.
f Closing. Red. at New York
1 State Bank. Albany,
j Closing. Red. at New York
| State Bank, Albany.
Removed to Lockport May 13,
1859, and name changed to
Lockport City Bank.
Closed 1841.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 1,1860
Closing. Red. until March 1,1862
Closing. Red. until Oct. 13, 1862
/Failed. Red. at Albany City
\ Bank.
Closed.
Charter expired Jan. 1. 1856.
Allowed to establish Branch
at Utica April 10. 1815. and this
continued until charter ex-
pired as Ontario Branch Bauk
of Ctica.
Failed. E. A. Wetmore, receiver.
Failed March, 1858. Red. at
Union Bank, Albany, until
Aug. 11. 1864.
Dosing. (1854.) Red. until Sept.
5, 1860.
( Changed to Lyons Bank March
t 31. 1S57.
Closed. Red. by A. D. Patcbin
until Feb. 28, 1862.
Closed.
Failed. Red. until Sept. 2, 1S63.
Failed April 1858. Reorganized
as Stissing Bauk.
*Luther Wright's Bank
Oswego
300,000
"160,066
300,000
200,000
"166,666
Par
Par
Par
Manhattan Exchange Bank
Manufacturers' Bank of
Ulster Co
New York
Par
Saugerties
Manufacturers' Bank ofl
Par
g E 63
Mechanics' Bank of Buffalo
Mechanics' Bank of Wil- )
Buffalo
Williamsburgh...
Ithaca
hamsburgh j
Mechanics & Fanners' Bank
Mercantile Bank of Schenec-
100,000
100,000
Par
Schenectady
Mina -
Merchants' Bank
Merchants' Bank of Ontario
Par
Merchants' Banking Co
Merchants' Exchange Bank
of Buffalo
Merchants & Farmers'Bank
*Merchants 4- Mechanics' 1
1,000,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
"166,000
"266,666
150,000
_
Buffalo
S. 81, S. E.65
Par
77
North Granville..
Poughkeepsie
Clyde
Middle District Bank . . .
Millers' Bank of New York
*Monroe Bank of Rochester
New York Banking Co
New York Bank of Saratoga
New York City Bank
S. Par, S.E.94
Par
S 42 ... .
Cuba
Hadlev
Par
Par
New York Manufacturing 1
p/\
New York
New York City Trust &
Banking Co
New York.
Par
New York Security Bank...
New York Stock Bank
*New York State Stock)
Hope Falls
I.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
I.
I.
I.
A.
I.
A.
A.
Aug. 1848
June 1846
Nov. 30, 1838
Sept. 1851
Par
Par
Pax
New York
*New York Traders' Bank \
North Granville.
Buffalo
Niagara River Bank
March 15, 1853
Oct. 21, 1839
Nov. 6, 1838
Feb. 1847
July 184"
Aug. 1848
Dec. 4, 1839
Jan. 1, 1844
Jan. 1. 1S54
March 12, 1813
Dec. 29, 1S5
Nov. 185
Oct. 184
Dec. 1843
Oct. 1, 1847
June 185C
Oct. 30, 1S3C
March 9, 183
104,000
100,000
2,000,000
North American Bank
North American Trust &
New York
Par
Northern Bank of New-
York
Madrid
Par
Par
Northern Exchange Bank..
Brasher Falls
Northern Canal Bank
' 100,000
100,000
150.000
500,000
500,000
Par
Par
North River Banking Co ...
New York.
*01iver Lee & Company's 1
Buffalo
Onondaga County Bank....
Ontario Bank
Canandaigua
Utica
Ontario Bank, (President
and Directors of)
*0ntario County Bank
Oswego County Bank
Phelps
Par
Par
Palmyra Bank of Wayne 1
Palmyra
Pachin Bank
Buffalo
100,000
Par
Phoenix Bank
Phcenix Bank at Buffalo...
*Pine Plains Bank
Buffalo
500.000
100,000
S. E. 73
Par
" Removed from Tonawauda. Sept. 24, 1S57,
CORPORATIONS.
99
Saving's Banks are institutions intended to receive in trust small sums of money, generally
the surplus earnings of the labor ing classes, and to return the same with moderate interest at a future
time. They are banks of deposit only ; their officers serve without pay, and the money received
on deposit can be invested only in mortgages upon real estate, public stocks, or such other securities
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
NAME.
Location.
C. Chartered.
A. Associate.
I. Individual.
Date of charter
or beginning
of business.
Capital.
Rate of redemp-
tion of circula-
tion. S. Stocks.
S. E. Stocks and
mortgages on real
estate.
Remarks.
A.
I.
I.
A.
I.
I.
C.
C.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
Dec. 27, 1838
Oct. 1847
Aug. 1843
Nov. 22, 1848
May, 1849
Sept. 1853
March 6,1857
April, 28,1834
Jan. 8, 1839
Oct. 15, 1839
Jan. 5, 1839
May, 1852
April, 1847
Oct. 29. 1838
July 1, 1852
Oct. 1850
Dec. 1, 1838
Jan. 1, 1838
Oct. 10, 1839
Dec. 13, 1838
130,000
Closing. Red. its own notes.
Failed Feb. 1858. Ked. at Bank
Dept. at 94.
Closing. Red. until Dec. 15, 1860.
Closing. Red. by David Kent
until Oct. 1863.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Feb. 10, 1863.
Changed from Sackets Harbor
Bank March 6, 1851. Kailed.
Receiver app. Aug. 27, 1857.
Removed from Sackets Harbor
March 25, 1852. Changed to
Reciprocity Bank 1857.
Failed Dec. 3, 1841.
Failed.
("Failed Nov. 1, 1856. Red. at
Union Bank, Albany, until
( Nov. 11, 1862.
Closing.
Failed.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 21, 1800.
Failed 1840.
Failed.
Failed.
Closing. Red. by E. N. Merriam,
of Ugdensburgh, until March
20, 1803.
Removed to Boonville. See
above.
Closing. Red. until June 3, 1859.
Failed 1850. Red. at Mechanics
& Farmers' Bank, Albany.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 12,'l859.
Failed 1843.
Failed. (See Comp. Rep. 1848, p.
Closed.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until June 17, 1862.
Closed.
Closed 1840.
Closed 1841.
Failed 1848. (See Comp. Rep.
1849, p. 35.)
*Pratt Bank of Buffalo
Prattsville Bank
Buffalo
94
100,000
"200,006
200,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
' 100.000
100,000
"100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
Par
Par
Putnam County Bank
Farmers' Mills ...
Putnam Valley-
Buffalo
Buffalo . . ..
Par
Par
Queen City Bank
Reciprocity Bank
Sackets Harbor Bank
St Lawrence Bank
Buffalo
Ogdensburgh
Buffalo
S.32, S.E. 50
S 31
State Bank of New York...
Silver Lake Bank of Genesee
*State Bank at Sackets \
Par
Par
S. E. 56
Par
Sackets Harbor...
*State Bank at Saugertiea..
Staten Island Bank
Port Richmond...
New York
*Suffolk Bank
Sullivan County Bank
Par
S 94
Tenth Ward Bank
New York
Troy Exchange Bank
Union Bank at Buffalo
United States Bk. at Buffalo
Valley Bank of Boonville...
Valley Bank of Lowville...
Village Bank
Trov
Buffalo
Buffalo
S. 81....
S E 77
Boonville
Par
Lowville
I.
I.
I.
I.
A.
C.
C.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
C.
Aug. 1851
June, 1848
Feb. 1848
Dec. 1845
July 18, 1839
May 21, 1836
April 30,1829
June, 1844
June, 1850
Jan. 12, 1839
Nov. 1, 1839
Jan. 12, 18.39
April 2, 1831
125,000
250,000
100,000
Par
Par
Par
Par
65, 35, & Par.
*Walter Joy's Bank
Buffalo
Warren County Bank
Washington Bank in the
Johnsburgh
New York
Watervliet Bank
West Troy
Wavne County Bank
*White Plains Bank
Western Bank of Suffolk
County
Naples ,..
S. Huntington
Williamsburgh...
Brooklyn
Par
Par
Williamsburgh Bank
100.000
100,000
100.000
100,000
Par
Willoughby Bank
Par
Wool Growers' Bank of the
State of New York
New York
Par
Yates County Bank
Penn Yan
Savings Batiks in the Stale, Jan. 1, 1859.
NAME.
Location.
Date of
incorporation.
Amount
due
depositors.
Resources.
Albany City Savings Institution
Albany
March 29. 1850
April 18, 1856
March 24, 1820
March 12, 1849
March 26, 1819
April 17, 1854
May 1, 1834
June 20, 1851
July 18, 1853
April 7, 1827
May 9, 1846
June 20, 1851
April 15, 1V>7
April 11,1851
April 12, 1855
April 12, 1848
$ 168,181
27.987
998.924
71,235
8,701,923
56,300
7,818.143
841,346
2,439
2,660,981
872,681
28.431
25.712
34.734
60.031
1,118.876
785,782
1.973
1.628,754
$ 168.181
27.987
1,049,804
71.415
9,259.996
57.599
8,274,445
872.907
2.511
2,816,817
924,868
30,638
25,712
34,734
60,031
1,169,401
829,569
2,107
1,695,951
Albany Exchange Savings Bank
Alb;my Savings Bank
Auburn Savings Institution
Hank fir Savings in the City of New York
Bloomingdale Savings Bank
Bowery Savings Bank
Broadway Savings Institution
Brockport Savings Bank
New York
Brooklyn Savings Bank
Buffalo Savings Bank
Buffalo
Central City Savings Institution
Utisa
Central Savings Bank of Troy
Troy
Cohoes Savings Institution
Commercial Savings Bank of Troy
Troy
Dry Dock Savings Institution
East River Savings Institution
Elmira Savings Bank
April 17, 1854
April 30, 1850
Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank
New York
7*
100
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
as may be approved by law. They can be organized by special act of the Legislature, and their
charters are perpetual. The total number of savings institutions incorp. prior to 1859 was 75, of
which 57 reported their statistics in 1858. They are placed under the care of the Superintendent
of the Banking Department, who has general powers for the protection of the interests of deposi-
tors, and is required to report their condition annually to the Legislature. Most of these institu-
tions bear names closely resembling those of banks of discount and circulation, and are kept in
the same building and have the same persons as officers of both. 1
Class IV. includes those whose certificates are filed in the County Clerks' offices. Most of the
corporations already described are required to file their articles in the clerk's office of their respect-
ive counties, in addition to depositing them in the departments of the State Government.
" An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Religious Societies" was passed April 6,
1784. 2
" An Act authorizing the Incorporation of Rural Cemetery Associations" was passed
April 27, 1847.
" An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Villages" was passed Dec. 7, 1847. 3
Savings Banks, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Date of
incorporation.
Amount
due
depositors.
Resources.
Buffalo
April 17, 1858
$ 5.490
$ 4218
Buffalo
April 10 1854
542 H41
549 7'''>
Fishkill
Feb. 25, 1857
21,497
21705
New York
April 24 1833
3,528 851
3 678 ISO
Hudson
April 4, 1S50
44,010
45 206
New York
April 12 1848
1 509 889
1 529 810
New York
July 1, 1851
719,498
736,323
New York
April 10 1850
1,782,067
1 839 785
Trny
April 15, 1857
51,988
51,988
New York
April 16 1852
419,689
430141
Albany
April 12, 1855
179,049
179,049
New York .
April 16 1852
361,612
372417
April 8, 1850
256,679
259,341
Troy . ..
April 15 1857
23,637
23637
Newburgh
April 13, 1852
91,188
92 993
Lockport , ...
April 10 1851
1,569
1636
Syracuse
April 10, 1855
129,601
130.262
Poughkeepsie
April 16 1836
247,505
263 619
Rochester
April 21, 1831
1,371,911
1,476.4^5
Rome
June 30 1S51
33,621
36 289
New York,
April 17, 1854
71,854
72.^85
S;iviD' r 8 Bank of Utica
Utica
April 26 1839
334262
368,499
Schenectady
April 29, 1834
211,886
227,559
New York.
Jan. 31 1829
7,349 474
7,825 443
March 9 1854
35410
35711
Albany
April 17, 1854
10.601
in r.iii
June 4 1853
112 3<H
113548
Brooklyn
April 10 1850
522.350
538 6fi4
Sou t hold .
April 7 1858
6970
7 mil
Trov
April 18, 1856
47,479
47,479
March 30 1849
237 580
238 619
Troy
April 23, 1823
634,904
671.716
April 18 1851
62435
63 622
Union Savings Bank of Albany
Albany
April 13, 1854
July 21 1853
15,187
103 734
15.187
108 729
Buffalo
July 9 1851
77 048
77 048
Brooklyn
April 9, 1851
1,080 882
1,119 001
April 3 1854
47 405
48 009
1 The first savings bank in England was formed in 1804, and
the first in New York in 1819, under the auspices of the " So-
ciety for Prevention of Pauperism." A public meeting was
called and the plan discussed and approved Nov. 29, 1816. The
first deposits were made July 3, 1S19, and $2.807 were received
the first evening from 80 depositors, in sums of from $2 to $300.
Within 6 mo., $153,378.31 had been deposited, by 1.527 persons,
and but $0,606 had been withdrawn. Up to 1857, $47,530,067.61
had been intrusted to the care of this institution. Common
Council Manual. 1858. p. 623.
The first savings bank in Albany was established in 1820 ;
iu Troy, in 1823; in Brooklyn, in 1827 ; and in Buffalo, in 1836.
Most of these banks were originally required to report to the
Legislature ; but their returns were seldom published. Under
the act of March 20, 1857, they are required to report to the
I Superintendent of the Banking Department. Sixteen savings
I banks have been incorp. that never organized. Only two of
the whole number chartered have ever failed. The ' Knicker-
bocker Savings Institution," of N. Y., incorp. April S, 1851,
failed and went into the hands of a receiver in 1854 ; and the
"Sixpenny Savings Bank of Rochester," incorp. July 13, 1854,
failed.
2 This act was amended, so far as it related to the Ref. Prot.
D. Societies, March 7, 1788. Other amendments were made iu
1801, 1813, and 1828. For statistics see p. 139.
8 Previous to this act, villages were incorp. by special acts of
the Legislature, and the articles were filed in the State Depart-
ment: but since, the filing of articles has become a mere local
affair ; and it is extremely difficult to obtain a complete list of
the incorporated villages of the State.
AGRICULTURE.
THE climate of the State is adapted to the cultivation of most of the crops and fruits of the
temperate zone. The improved lands comprise a little more than one-half of the entire area of the
State, and of these 37 per cent, is devoted to pasturage and 25 per cent, is occupied by meadow
lands. The principal crops, in the order of relative amount, are oats, corn, wheat, buckwheat, rye,
and barley, together occupying 37 per cent, of the cultivated lands, leaving 1 per cent, for
the minor crops and gardens. The northern cos. of the State and the highland regions along the
s. border and upon the Hudson are much better adapted to pasturage than tillage ; and the people
in these sections are almost exclusively engaged in stock and sheep raising and in dairying.
Little more grain is raised than is strictly necessary for a proper rotation of crops ; and the greater
part of the grain for home consumption is imported from other sections of the country. The low
lands that surround the great lakes and occupy the greater portion of the surface in the w. part of
the State are best adapted to grain growing. Several sections of the State are found peculiarly
adapted to particular products. The Mohawk Valley intervales have been long almost exclusively
devoted to the cultivation of broom corn. The Chemung Valley parts of Onondaga co. and
several other sections are becoming known as tobacco raising districts. Hops are extensively
cultivated in Madison, Oneida, Otsego, and Schoharie cos. The Hudson Valley below the High-
lands, the N. shore of Long Island, and the s. extremity of several of the lake valleys in the cen-
tral portion of the State are well adapted to the culture of grapes. Maple sugar is largely pro-
duced in the northern cos. and in the central highland districts. Upon Long Island and in West-
chester large sections are devoted to the cultivation of vegetables for the New York market. The
people of Orange, Rockland, Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess cos. are largely engaged in fur-
nishing the city of New York with milk. 1
Tlie IVew York. State Agricultural Society was formed by a convention held at Al-
bany in Feb. 1832 ; but for several years it received no support from the State and held no regular
fairs. In 1841 the society was re-organized, and measures were adopted for raising funds and hold-
ing annual fairs. On May 5 of that year, an act was passed by the Legislature, appropriating $8,000
for the encouragement of agriculture, $700 of which was to go to the State Society, and the re-
mainder was to be divided among the co. societies in the ratio of Assembly representation. This
appropriation has been continued until the present time. The society is required annually to re-
port to the Legislature a full account of its proceedings, and such facts concerning the agricul-
tural condition of the State as may be of general interest. The volumes of Transactions are
published by the State, and are widely distributed among the farming population. The annual
fairs are held in different parts of the State, and are largely attended. 2 They usually succeed in
1 Hay is most largely produced in St. Lawrence, Oneida, Che-
nangu, Otsego, Chautauque, Delaware, and Orange counties;
wheat, in Livingston, Monroe, Genesee, Niagara,0ntario, and Jef-
ferson counties ; oats, in Onondaga, Montgomery, Oneida, Cayuga,
and Otsego; rye, in Columbia, Rensselaer, Ulster, Orange,
Albany, Saratoga, and Washington; barley, in Jefferson, Onon-
daga. Ontario, Cayuga, and Wayne; buckwheat, in Schoharie,
Montgomery, Otsego, Saratoga, and Tioga ; corn, in Onondaga,
Cayuga, Monroe, Wayne, Oneida, and Ontario ; and potatoes, in
Washington, Monroe, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Reusselaer, and
Franklin. The counties having the greatest number of cows
are St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Oneida, Orange, Chenango, Her-
jdmer, and Chautauque ; and the greatest number of sheep,
Ontario, Livingston, Steuben, Cayuga, Washington. Wyoming.
Monroe, and Genesee. The counties that produce the greatest
quantity of butter are St. Lawrence, Delaware, Chenango, Jef-
ferson, Chautauque, Orange, and Otsego; and the greatest
amount of cheese, Herkimer. Oneida, Jefferson, Madison, Erie,
Cattaraugus. St. Lawrence, and Otsego.
2 The earliest agricultural exhibition on record within the
present limits of the State was a cattle fair, held at New Am-
sterdam, Oct. 15. 1641. An act passed Nov. 11, 1692, entitled
"An act for settling fairs and markets in each respective city
and co. throughout this province." remained in force until re-
pealed by the State Legislature. March 12, 1788. A special act
was passed fir the fairs of Albany, Cumberland, and Tryon cos.,
March 8, 1773, but scarcely took effect before the Revolution.
Acts applying to particular towns were passed by the earlier
State Legislatures; but the custom of holding fairs soon fell into
disuse. These fairs were more properly market days ; no pre-
miums were offered, and no inducements to competition existed
beyond the ordinary stimulus of trade. The products of farm
culture being placed side by side, their comparative excellence
was left to the decision of the purchaser, which doubtless contri-
buted to excite emulation among the producers. These fairs
were generally held semi-annually, upon fixed days, under the
direction of "Governors and Rulers," appointed in colonial
times by the Governor, and afterward by the judges of the co.
courts. The expenses were defrayed by tolls, usually 1 per
cent., upon the commodities sold, half of which was piiid by the
buyer and half by the seller.
The Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manu-
factures was instituted Feb. 26, 1791, and iucorp. March 12,
1793. For more efficient action, it in 1801 divided the State into
as many agricultural districts as there were cos., in each of
which a secretary was appointed, to convene the members of the
society wiihin his district, inquire into the state of agriculture
and manufactures, receive communications and arrange and
transmit them to the President of the society. The transactions
of this body were printed by the State, and the society numbered
among Its members nearly every person of eminence throughout
the State. Its charter expired in 1804; and its corporate powers
were revived and continued April 2 of that year, under the
name of the Society for the Promotion of the Useful Arts. The
affairs of the new body were managed by a council of 9 members,
and State patronage was continued in the printing of its Trans-
actions. In 1808-12 liberal premiums were offered for the best
cloths of household manufacture, a part of which were awarded
by the co. judge and a part by this society. The samples, upon
which $10,000 were thus paid, are still preserved in the library
of the Albany Institute. After beingonce extended, the Society
for Promoting Agricultural Arts was superseded, in part, by a
Board of Agriculture, but continued as a local institution of
Albany until merged, with the "Albany Lyceum of Natural His-
tory," in the -'Albany Institute," in 1829. The latter has most
of the books, papers, and effects of its predecessors ; and tracing
back through its change it is the oldest scientific society in the
State. " An act to improve the agriculture of this State,"
101
102
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
awakening a great local interest in agricultural matters. The office of the society is kept at the
Agricultural Rooms, corner of State and Lodge Sts., Albany, where it has a museum and library.
Count]' and Town Societies. The act of 1853 allows county agricultural societies to
purchase and hold real estate to an amount not exceeding $25,000 and personal property not ex-
ceeding $1,000, for the purposes set forth in their articles of incorporation, and for no other pur-
poses. Town and other societies may hold real estate to the amount of $10,000 and personal
property to the amount of $3,000. Each county or union society must have at least one director
or manager for each town ; and each town, village, or city society must have not less than 10
directors, who are elected annually by ballot. Upon application of two-thirds of their members to
the Supreme Court of the district in which they are located, these societies may obtain an order
for the sale of a part or the whole of their property. An amendment to the act was passed April
13, 1855, by the provisions of which the number of directors was changed to 6, 2 of whom are
elected each year for a term of three years. Any person may become a life member by the pay-
ment of a sum not exceeding $10 ; and the officers are jointly and severally liable for all debts
due from the society contracted while they are in office, if suit be commenced within one year
passed April 7, 1819, created a board of agriculture and appro-
priated $10.000 annually for 2 yearn, to be distributed for the pro-
motion of agriculture and family domestic manufacture:" in the
several cos., on condition that a similar sum should lie subscribed
by the co. societies formed under this act. A board, funned of
the president, or a delegate chosen from each co. society, met
annually at Albany, elected officers, examined reports, and
selected for publication such returns as they deemed proper.
These were published by the State. Three volumes of Memoirs
were issued, and the board continued in existence but little longer
than the appropriation was continued. County societies, on
the plan of the Berkshire Co. Agricultural Society, began to he
formed in 1817 ; and, by the exertions of De Witt Clinton, El-
kanah AYatson, and other friends of the measure, they were
extended to most of the cos. These societies, after a brief
period, fell into disuse; and that of Jefferson co. is the only
one of this class that can trace an unbroken descent from that
period.
The first officers of the present State Agricultural S>. i.-ty.-
formed in 1832, were Le Kay de Chaumont. J'i .-('/ at; E. K
Livingston, Jacob Morris, and Robert L. Rose, Vice, Prifi*!' nts ;
P. S. Van Rensselaer. Recording Secretary ; Jesse Buel, Corre-
sponding Secretary ; Charles K. Webster, Treasurer; and II. \V.
Delavan, John Towusend, and II. Hickox, Executive Omimiltrs.
County societies were again instituted in many of the cos. under
the influence of this society; but most of them were short lived.
Tlie "Cultivator" was begun in March, 1834, by Je.se Hucl.
under the guarantee of Stephen Van Reneselaer and James
Wa.lswurth. as the organ of the society and medium of commu-
nication between the friends of agriculture; and it lias been con-
tinued ever since, under private auspices, but entirely devoted
to the interests of agriculture. It has for many years been pub-
lished by Luther Tucker, of Albany.
Any person a citizen of the State may become a member of
the State Society upon payment of $1 annually, or a life mem-
ber by payment of $10 at one time. Presidents of co. societies
and one delegate from each are ex nfficio members. The officers
of the society are elected annually in Feb., and consist of a
President, one Vice President fronj each of the Judicial Districts,
a Recording and a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, and an
Executive Committee, consisting of the above and 5 others
chosen for the purpose.
Premiums are awarded in money, plate, medals, books, and
diplomas; and the society embraces within the field of its patron-
agf not only stock, farm, and garden products and implements
of husbandry, but a wide range of useful and ornamental manu-
factures, particularly those which are the products of home in-
dustry. The places and times of holding the State fairs, names
of Presidents, and total receipts of the State society have been
as follows :
YEARS.
Place of
holding fair.
Time of
holding fair.
Presidents.
Receipts.
1841
Sept. 29, 30
Joel B. Nott
(Free.)
L842
Alliaiiy
Sept. 27, 29
Jas. S. Wadsworth
$1,296.10
1843
1844
1845
l!uclii'.tcr
Poughkeepsie..
Sept. 20, 22
Sept. IS, 19
Sept 17, 19
Jas. S. \Vadsworth
J. B. Beekman
B. P.Johnston
3,000.00
3,650.00
4,370.18
184ii
1847
Anljurn
Sept. 15, 17
Sept 14 16
J. M. Sherwood.....
4,333.17
4,034.22
1S4>.
Buffalo
Sept. 5, 7
Lewis F. Allen
6,272.86
1849
Sept 11, 13
John A. King......
8,144.55
1850
Sept 3 6
Ezra P. Prentice...
10.4C5.61
1851
1852
Rochester
Utica
Sept. 16, 19
Sept 7, 10
John Delafield /
Henry Wager
11,956.25
8,125.41
1853
1854
1*55
Saratoga Spg'e
New York
Sept. 20, 23
Oct. 3, 6
Oct. 2, 5
Lewis G. Morris....
William Kelly
Samuel Cheever...
6,009.90
9,248.70
11,527.25
1856
1857
Watertowu
Buffalo
( Sept. 30, \
t Oct. 3J
Oct. 6, 9
Theod're S. Faxton
Alonzo S. Upham.
8,010.00
15.073.89
1858
Oct. 5, 8
Wm. T. McCouu...
10,815.81
1859
Oct 4 7
A B Cruger
Town and Union Agricultural Societies.
(For County Societies see p. 103.)
NAME.
Date of
organization.
NAME.
Date of
organization.
Jan. 3, 1857
March 5, 1850
March 10, 1858
March 14, 1859
May 13, 1856
Sept. 4, 1858
Oct. 19. 1857
March 23, 1*57
Aug. 16, 1856
Dec. 28, 1855
Jan. 8, 1858
Jan. 12, 1S59
Jan. 3, 1857
Jan. 3, 1857
Jan. 13, 1857
Feb. 9, 1859
Aug. 22, 1857
April 5, 1859
Feb. 2, 1856
March 31, 1856
Jefferson Agricultural Society, Schoharie Co...
Feb. 23, 1858
Aug. 19, 1856
Sept. 15, 1856
Aug. 22, 1857
June 5, 185S
March 19, 1859
June 27, 1857
Feb. 9, 1855
June 21, 1856
March, 20, 1859
Nov. 10, 1857
Jan. 27, 1857
April 4, 1857
March 29, 1859
June 26, 1856
Feb. 26, 1857
June 10, 1859
April 18, 1859
Dec. 6, 1855
CauasL-raga Agricultural & Mechanical Society,
Chautauque Farmers' & Mechanics* Union at
Connewango Agricultural, Horticultural, & Me-
Otselic, Pitcher, Pharsalia, & Lincklaen Agricul
Connewango Union Agricultural & Horticultu-
St. Lawrence International Agricultural &
Sandy Creek, Richland, Orwell, & Boylston Agri-
Ellisburgh, Adams, & Henderson Agricultural
Sangerfield & Marshall Town Agricultural So-
Farmers* Club of Little Falls
Farmers' & Mechanics' Association of Cazenovia
Farmers' & Mechanics' Association of Fenner...
Susquehanna Valley Agricultural & Horticul-
Union Agricultural Society, (Broome and Dela-
Gouverneur Agricultural & Mechanical Society
Hamilton Agricultural & Horticultural Associa-
Wiskov Agricultural Society, Genesee Falls,
| Pike,& Eagle
AGEICULTURE.
103
of the time when due. Each society formed under these acts is obliged to report annually to the
State Society. 1
An examination of the returns of the census of 1855 shows that Cattaraugus excels all other
counties in the production of millet ; Columbia in pears, rye, garden seeds, and onions ; Dutchess
in plums and quinces, and in number of swine ; Herkimer in cheese ; Jefferson in spring wheat
and barley ; Livingston in fallow lands, in winter wheat, and in wool ; Monroe in value of farms
and nurseries ; Montgomery in lint ; Oneida in value of stock and amount of apples and honey ;
Otiondaga in acres plowed and quantity of oats, corn, tobacco, and cider ; Ontario in sheep ;
Orange in milk ; Orleans in beans ; Otsego in hops and in domestic linen ; Queens in garden seeds
and strawberries ; Rensselaer in flaxseed ; St. Lawrence in pasture and meadow lands, quantity of
peas, sugar and butter, number of horses and cows, and yards of fulled cloth, flannel and other
1 Summary of County Agricultural Societies.
(For Town and Union Societies see p. 102.)
COUNTIES.
Dale of present
organization.
First President.
First Secretary.
Present place
of holding
annual fair.
3
!%&
C,e.e
s s!
5 ?'8>
e^-s
FAIR GROUNDS.
fejsj
|P
1=1 5.S
Extent in
acres.
vi
al
Cost with
fixtures.
Albany "
Allegany.
Aug. 9, 1853
April 27, 1858
Jan. 28, 1855
June 21, 1856
1836
1851
1845
March 8,1856
Oct. 1838
July, 1841
Oct. 16, 1841
June 2, 1856
Dec. 1850
July 30, 1856
Oct. 18, 1838
May 20. 1857
Oct. 11, 185d
Sept. 4, 1841
Dec. 7, 1854
1841
June 30, 1855
Feb. 8, 1856
March 19, 1856
Oct. 13, 1841
Dec. 2, 1858
April, 1841
Jan. 25, 1856
May 18, 1854
1841
Oct. 17, 1856
Dec. 27, 1855
Jan. 22, 1856
1851
Nov. 30, 1857
Jan. 7, 1855
June 29, 1844
June 21,1856
June 24, 1841
Oct. 26, 1841
March 14, 1855
Jan. 24, 1S56
June 22, 1853
Nov. 9, 1847
Aug. 11,1855
Jan. 8, 1858
Jan. 7, 1858
March 5,1857
Aug. 4, 1841
May 5, 1855
July 20, 1856
Jan. 13,' 1855
James W. Jolly...
P. Ten Broeck
Joseph Warren....
D. R. Wheeler
Wm. Richardson.
Albany.
Little Valley
$5,500
1856
1856
10
19
5
15i
15
7
52
10
5
14
15
6
25
12
8
8
8
17
10
34
Leased.
$2,850
Leased.
2,600
$5,850
1,000
6,400
6,500
2,100
1,400
1,000
4,000
15,926,95
13,160
3,350
Cattaraugus ...
Chautauque....
T. B. Campbell....
Migratory
( 2,000
per
(^ ann.
1,836
13,000
11,625
10,000
6,215
lli.SHO
7,050
Simeon L. Rood...
Abram Perlee
E.Livingston
W. Bewry
A. J. Wynkoop...
A. Sanford
Jas. M. Gilford... .
Norwich
f Chatham 4 1
\ Corners..../
Clinton.
1856
1858
?amuel A. Law...
Henry Slants
Lewis F. Allen....
W.C.Watson
S. Lawrence
D. McFarland
Geo. Kneeland....
Warren Bryant...
R. S. Hale
Harry S. House...
T. S. Persse
C P Turner ....
b
Wash. Hollow
Buffalo
Leased.
Leased.
1,000
Leased.
1,600
Leased.
3,503
4,000
2,461
1,600
Leased.
2,500
Dutchess
Erie
Elizabethtown.
Malone
1856
Franklin
Fult. A Ham...
Elias Prindle
T C Peters
2,368
10,113
Batavia.
Lewis Sherrill
H. L. Day
Jefferson
J.D. Le Kay
E. Ten Eyck
W;iti-rto\vn
30,000
12,000
1851
f Turin and
'( Luwville.
3eneseo
Morrisville
Brighton
Livingston
Aaron Barber
J.D. Ledyard
Willard Hodges...
T. J. Van Deville..
Pomeroy Jones...
Wm" liiidreth.'."!
T C Bailey
Jos. Kershner
A. S. Sloan
D. D. T. Moore....
John Frey
1853
Monroe
Montgomery...
Fonda.
Utica and Rome.
Syracuse.
Canandaigua
20,836
6,500
8,635
9,590
30,385
6,120
4,239
4,356
6,520
1854-5
1857
1857
B. P.Johnston....
J. S. Bates
Hiram Goff.
Chas. McLean
Hugh C. Wilson..
A. G. Corll
Luther D.Eddy...
N. C. Blauvelt
Henry G. Foote..
John A. Corey....
Ralph Brewster.
George S. Ellas...
J. 0. Dunning
Wm. Smythe
Oneida
Oni'ti'laga
Orange
Oswego
D H Little
Cooperstown
c
d
Lansingburgh
New City.
Canton.
Mechanicsville.
Bath
Monticello.
Owego.
b
Luzerne.
b
Otspgo ..
T. B. Arden
E. Lawrence
Jos. Hastings
Abrams Stevens..
H.VanRensselaer
Rfnsselaer
Richmond.
Rockland
St. Lawrence...
Saratoga
Schenectady.
Schoharie
Schuyler
Wm. C. Bouck ....
G. Denniston
Lotan Smith
Henry Corgell
I Peter Crispell
Seneca ..
Steuben
Suffolk.
Sullivan
Tinga..
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
B. C. Butler
C. H. Skillman ...
Asa Fitch, Jr
P. P. Bradish
L. W. Thayer
Darius A. Ogden.
Washington....
Henry Holmes ...
f De Witt C. 1
t VanSlyck..;
Jas. C. Ferris
John Hatmaker..
Westcheater.
Wyoming
Tates
Warsaw
Penn Yan
1854
Societies in italics were organized under acts of 1853 and
1855. Most of them had been in existence many years under
a previous organization.
6 Fairs in the town that will give most to pay expenses.
Fairs held alternately in different parts of the county, and
generally at the place that contributes most toward expenses.
d Fair held alternately at Jamaica, Flushing, and Hempstead.
Receipts the first 10 years, $3 ; 532.
104
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
domestic cloths ; Sclienectady in broom corn ; Schoharie in buckwheat, and about equal with Mont-
gomery in clover ; Washington in potatoes ; and Wayne in peaches and dried fruits.
In connection with the table of agricultural products, it should be remembered that these
Agricultural Products of the several Counties in the State
COUNTIES.
Bushels Winter Wheat.
1
fe
|
B
1
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of Oats.
Bushels of Rye.
Bushels of Barley.
Bushels of Buckwheat.
Bushels of Corn.
7,424
6,927$
54.579$
495,177*
186,567
9,126*
84,812}
193.691*
82929
56 422*
54.637}
665 490
2,834
28,454*
39.298*
189 588*
Broome
11,927
8,121*
53,685
466,870*
20.546
2,337
73,21 4$
214,998
21 721
57 278j
62,546}
697,670*
2,373*
14,095
26,183
309,762
Cayuga
193,729^
27,327
57,732
956,636
6,331}
308,303*
54,076*
868,543
66 249J
78,636$
105,672
539,765
2,808
19,656$
9,664}
558.507*
Ohemung
63,754
18,624
24,941
473,409
3,558
23,862
69,046*
239,285*
Chenango
4560
20,283*
117,370}
564.242
14,329
22,229
50,304*
354.480
Clinton
2138J-
57,172}
48,241
276,080$
13 073
6,877
30,651 1
92,567}
Columbia
7,972*
587*
65,103
543,034
445.036
3,801
54,334*
383 339*
4696- 1
24,361
56,769$
382,786
4,172
45,665*
28,115*
240.703*
955*
8,538}
103,896$
416,659*
56,527*
2.219
86,330
119.383
54 470*
250
83,878*
626,347
239,063
2,818
43,124$
558.308
Erie
238,812}
46,913
98,011*
724,747*
24,979*
57,256*
24.558*
483.228
Essex
2,484
44,009$
39.130}
234.946
13.357*
1,118*
13.701}
105.369
Franklin
1 353}
69 559J
37,594*
144,617
sn.ini*
6.188}
13,625$
83.615
Fulton
3644*
7 500'
33 903
355,855
22 383*
14704
69759
155733
760461
11,154
41,398}
299,809
1,149
59,819
14,913*
437,052*
Greene
7,346
3,175*
58,524$
160,907*
72,232
1,787*
33,913*
99,204
6
245
4.274
16.701
277
42
2.913}
7.151
5904*
38149
78254}
724585
17,550
51,439*
42,875}
283 748
70 509*
428,67 2 J
98,575
456,230}
99,391*
392,684*
5,909}
321.779
IS llXli
6183
11 679
4860
235
54,179
Lewis
3,845$
1 094 779
59.940
18025
51.802
39 1ST}
295.445*
261 990
11.383*
4118
37.513*
123 255*
10,443A
13.836i
92.398J
431,464*
29 320*
52777
6X,2ti3*
571,637
1,477
197,231
l:'.,S:V,l
449.583
810363
2620
58,73S}
792.370
'.i ir.f,.;
179,755
22,623}
805.811
Montgomery
23,904*
30
18,978*
44,532$
157
997,605
435
39,112*
25
39,252*
141,677*
247.516*
1 180
Niagara
589,911
6,386
41.117*
353,398
1.014
79.593
29,151*
509.505
20 439}
41 883 '
124 933*
975800'
24121
137 430
64707J
732 294*
97 05?}
85148
63246|
1015 227J
5.340*
371,785*
32,453}
907.453
Ontario
528 488
27 659
42,448 1
525,937*
16,002
320.375
18,325}
617.485J
43363*
32
103 211 '
291 111
202 301
179
23,023}
357,490*
376 949
2206
34 020i
229,731
2,777
36,071
12,903
436.975
12596
44300J
58 138
535 432*
45.557*
28.054
31,605}
503,812
5 678
53 446 '
108 069}
903647
34218$
43889
112.732}
340.170*
3550|
27 756}
(in 'c'2
22,890*
10,718:*
119,919*
402 169 1
48
51 395
199 518
71019
2769
21,224*
337.685
2658
13383*
58 557}
558 377
299,864
12,807
52.S21
393.413*
11 335}
575
7 032
15 991*
3.131*
627
1,325
43.037*
Rockland
2 945}
6
14,828
28,168
Sl.ilMOj
14
8,722J
51873
24780*
295464
139400
437 041
25.725
28.187
12,912*
220.593
14 8"Pi '
8 074
50 743}
744220
132 774}
9524
108,882*
479.449
5165*
6377 1
16 185'
293 768
44 7.VJ*
5.569*
41,858
92.279
18 645
23 074}
48 774}
490 063*
87 592*
44,136
169,078
161.153*
80 431*
33 139}
17 906'
357 247
6168
60 507
67,523
160,780*
151 721
11 379
20 87<l}
556238
7,862
104,856
21.436*
387.998*
Steuben
Suffolk
219,590
151 520*
82,014
129'
58,749$
41 505}
711,307
262 067*
10,212
52,212*
7X.-S73
10,974
89,990*
18,856*
292.689*
504.767
1 472*
98
40 716'
10Q 883
75 153
1 053*
65 571*
102,594
Tioea
19355
11 938 '
38 401}
452978
25 884*
5925
91 402*
260,074
84 395 '
32 642}
38 143}
812983
17,521
65295
^4,305
372 202
"Ulster
19 370}
815
64 795
278 105
235 993*
130
70 676
242,229*
Warren
1 12
4285
22 088}
120 347
10 952*
39
19.214}
123,817
8 387
23 854
69 881
798321
121 967
12944*
40 658*
589.678*
Wayne
282474}
2 687
45 271*
875 624*
7,259*
229,495
39,766*
756.677$
33 751'
1 497
90 496
204 759
51 404
545
20,890}
402.238*
382 498 '
37 497*
58 421'
496 837
2777*
68267
20,277}
234,006
Yatea
168 969*
18063
15 850'
160 457}
24517
152 134
24,007
174,181
Total
7 054 049 '
2 033 353
3 256 948J
27 015 296
3,039,438
3,563,540
2,481,079$
19.290,691*
Items not included in the above Tables.
Cash Talue of farms $799,355,367
" " stock $103,776,053
tools and implements $26.927,502
Acres plowed the year previous 3,377,471
Acres in fallow the year previous 506,030*
Acres in pasture the year previous 4,984.114*
Bushels of turnips harvested -.. 985,522*
Pounds of tobacco harvested 946.502*
Value products market gardens $1,138,682
Pounds of maple sugar made 4,935,815}
Gallons of maple molasses made 85,091*
Gallons of wine made
Pounds of cocoons
Value of other textile fabrics
Bushels of beets
Value of cabbages
Bushels of carrots
Bushels of cherries
Bushels of cranberries
Value of cucumbers
Bushels of currants
Bushels of fruits (not specified)..
18,181
$3.824
29,332*
$18,668
478.277
3,787}
87
$9.619
506*
43,074
AGRICULTURE.
105
numbers refer to the yield of 1854, which was distinguished by a severe and prevalent drought.
From 20 to 50 per cent, should be added to obtain the proximate results of years of ordinary pro-
duction.
of New York, as reported by the State Census of 1855.
Bushels of Potatoes.
*5
1
&
v>
\
5
1
S)
fe-
*C
1
FLAX.
Pounds of Hops.
Pounds of Tobacco.
<3
^
$>
1
1
Barrels of Cider.
Pounds of Lint.
Bushels of Seed.
375,6544
206,258
160.4204
300,245*
251,7184
282,451
131,291
270,542
385,492
259,4194
155,389
209.5671
205,498
445,3504
318,021
484,425
182,964
167,274
116,871
25.257
257.875
289,031
368,243
243.841
132,2564
224,2784
654,551
145,154
1,808
275,448
624,648
380,1414
188,900
123,5514
171,867
391,9121
412,7034
64,504
291,135
696.559
21,739
47,2234
604,023
487,672
105.132
190.4324
81,106
72,544
255,938
304.063
103,188*
150.5184
111,106
134.5394
173,328
767.285
261,403
286.249
203,932
57,9124
15,9894
22,8444
9324
14,4921
6,565
7,693
1,3604
4,0184
14.545
1,336*
9,527
2,2294
670
15,3214
11,625*
12,0744
14,202
8,7974
1,5324
140
27,864
63,338
16,930
12,9784
6,3984
20,9734
16.02S4
22,8554
250
15,981
12.9124
34,9154
, 15,2974
230
5.471
11,1164
29,9351
48
33,444
1,574
410
49
69,016
6,466
5,5511
33,4*24
1,7104
6401
25.0064
142
1684
3.9924
4.6594
2964
2270 1
2.306
3,174*
949
4.4964
5,6384
4,038
1,8591
2,7631
6,9931
739
1,7261
2,1284
7884
6,124
2,818
1,8391
7611
8,5694
6934
1544
1,616
4,2811
7,042
1,0304
1,0031
4.8364
14,342*
3,941
645
9,2564
7,770*
8,984
2,404*
3484
40,185*
4.326
2,8114
210'
2,675
879
478
2,738
18,385
4,584
130
16,636
7,700
1.128
58,269
1,477
557
'5,026
195
704
223,005
118,500
10,620
6,000
308,050
12,066
2101
2051
354
68*
1,166
3021
661
2034
2364
54*
2473*
25*
15
2764
64
64
1,2154
5954
144
7,440
2,768
21,808
488
2,640
2,416
102
163,332
1,014
234.251
214.136
224,463
177,1734
522,751
368,115
107,364
553,554
76,9364
210.342
351,975
259,160
216,593
266,195
64,2004
26,273
100,142
296,121
192,8144
3.459
333,901
215,431
54
72,198
242,200
531,677
491,491
155,861
6,038
2,983
4,7474
1,257
10,3621
4,5244
2,961
7,5594
8524
9,480
3,738
5,9181
8,247*
6,084*
9094
377i
2,670 J
1284
23,650
1,770
3,300
1,390
33,597
550
20
418
40
18,507
50
2,037
69,0284
3,104
2,862
9
231,217
153
12,007
26
4,130
75
5,767
3,9544
18
6,446
3,4594
1,451
5,9284
7,4174
10,312
5,6084
4,4614
12,735
13,7251
8,044
3,1884
4,534
8,1054
8,880
8144
29
4,364
47
719
11,3864
- 2,8484
3,6894
3,212
4,629
4,580
4274
1,6991
4,3f)9
6,172
5.6064
1,002
5,8094
8,8934
2,32-,!
4,5174
3,7604
4,241
760*
510,033
28,995
115
3,691
65,782
90
102,581
1,000
1,016,929
1,566
134
7354
564
7,746*
8,870
14,255
1,312,308
44,010
241,603
10
13,680
86,520
249
380
6,635
57,287
2,070
30
19,030
37,109
98,504f
322
1,2334
2,644*
1994
13,010
39,220
554,987
9,180
800
22,871
15
543
255,997
634,262
624,5454
397,098
80,1804
281,7814
425,915
601.196
27,158
3,346
131,241
28
3,253
90,497
289,478
105,551
222,182
143,229
175,278
297,289
27,799
73,298
169,183
417,757
397,754
58.772*
189,103
509,626
60,1374
323,290
143,773
616,054
13,427
32,751
39
16
29,206
3,122,2584
20
25
1,615
285
749
1,4241
22,2824
5,979
166*
63
5.131
97 2
7144
1,6561
1,931
573 1
300
672,780
1
19,2664
3
197,875
18,364
2,600
440,754
730
l,206i
15,125
206.200
13,916
8,058
529.811
1,777
4
515*
2,346
526*
4204
7,035
306
""2|
1404
1,706
78
200
150
15
30
16,500
16,950
1,000
52
160
27,090
2,524
20
2,390
38.432
2,202
115
6,003
2,6864
138 1 ? 1
8,649
304
176
1,200
1,138
2,735
7
62
737
5
17,526
1,605
6981
2,4951
2,1004
534
915*
5,0751
5,*66*
2784
8,2324
745*
92
712
79,932
2,017
14,2104
8,4554
230
13,3264
1,444
839.420
23,260
23,003
5274
6,630
245,000
5181
1,850
15,191,852}
705,9674
244,079
4,907,5561
87,0934
7,192,254
946,5024
13,668,830*
273,639
Value of garden seeds
Bushels of grapes
Value of melons
Bushels of millet
Bushels of onions
Value of osier willow
Bushels of quinces
Value of root crops (miscellaneous)..,
Bushels of rutabaga
Pounds of saffron
Bushels of strawberries
Value of fruit and ornamental trees.
Miscellaneous
$40,889
1,610*
$4.682
6.4534
15.0264
$251
2.0351
$16,703
3,111
1,798
371
$142,328
$611,397
Neat cattle under one year old 311,474
Neat cattle over one year, exclusive of working
oxen and cows 577,887
Number of cattle killed for beef. 225.338
Gallons of milk sold 20,965,861
Pounds of wool 9,231,9591
Value of poultry sold $1,076.598
Value of eggs sold $1,360,673
Yards of fulled cloth made 198.203
Yards of flannel made 379.9224
Yards of linen made.- 105,086
Yards of cotton and mixed cloths 245.464
Yards of carpeting 213,6174
106
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The State appropriations for the promotion of agriculture, in 1819, through the Board of Agri-
culture, and, since 1841, through the State and County Agricultural Societies, have been as
shown in the table commencing at the foot of this page.
Agricultural Products of the several
COUNTIES.
Pounds of Honey.
Pounds of Wax.
1
fe
.
"^ ^
t c J3
SO
I
1
"8>
BQ
%
3
Pounds of Butter.
Albany
63.650
3,436i/
23.247
1,813
13332
1 173 527
Allegany
68.998
332H
47 332
3392
19 009
1 700 775
Broome
47.380
2113'
37 544
3 531
17 116
1 753 417
Catfaraugus
62,486
n f >^C
58489
4 137
23633
1 957 183
83,5531
4165j
46178
2 506
]u -,'>
2 082 022
Chautauque
53,465
4,142
76890
4515
36046
3 389 837
Chemung
39.191
l,670i
20899
1 510
9 690
924,645
Chenango
48,702
3,451
68391
:i S>T
36939
3 990 564
Clinton
51.459
2 23S'
",', .'i.":"i
1 484
11 284
891 431 '
Columbia.
31,618
1 466
27 676
3701
14500
1,347 42S
Cortland
56,148
3.619J-
37,671
1 709
21 668
2,379,257
Delaware
101,571
.V's:.-!-
65181
4 7^0
34484
4,026 575
Dutchess
38,503
1 830
44126
6263
24 584
1 681 595
Erie
59,659
3220
55439
3794
29 831
1,866,132
Essex
27,342
1 419
23567
2081
8 749
625 542
Franklin
19,622
919
j:; 1.77
1 859
10919
1,050,040
Fulton
23.761
1 300
19922
1 173
10 268
840 397
Genesee
32.359
1,568
24,785
1 417
10 541
919,130
Greene
32,940
2 202J
25239
2349
12592
1,191 930
Hamilton
5,610
401 i
2456
360
852
83,282
Ilfrkimer
38,347
2.927 i
49.820
785
36,653
1,305,377
JcffiTson
18,444
l,290i
79249
2522
49 472
3,949,608
Kings
:; "nl
41
2 834
17 425
Lfwis
11,912
831
29748
2423
19 151
1,575,515
Livingston
2R.093
1,9501
2!l.",Mi
1,751
10.980
1,045,591
Madison
55,615
3,366J
44924
1 874
24067
1,840.298
Monroe
4ii,038
1 842}
39545
1 ^44
17 564
1 643 515
Montgomery
58,571
3,544
30502
1046
16801
1,211,385
New York
8323
719
Tuajara
27.205
1,460
js ":;<
2058
11 708
1,038,307
Oneida
138,475
3 455^
77 832
3 476
47 794
2,912.176
Onondaga
81,575
3.857}
50228
2454
24801
2,294,287
Ontario
53,135
2458}
33962
2113
14 202
1,223.097
Orange
25.111
2,128i
57 602
34^9
40,187
3,285,587f
Orleans
23,113
1 I'll}
23412
1 164
8921
912,013
Oswego
47 700
2 142i
4-' 172
3093
21 083
2036,174
Otsego
93,020
4665}
63 798
2942
34713
3,075,206
Putnam
13237J
459
15 507
3 200
7 851
493 696
Queens
.v.'vi
276
14326
1926
9240
441.983J
Rensselaer
33,684J
1 840 i
"i r,nl
2704
16 S64
1,291,738
Richmond
475
22
' ".'.'I
400
1 189
24,365
Rockland
8.667
1741
7 198
573
4708
266,006
St. Lawrence
51,614
2814j
96408
5576
62161
4.268,809
Saratoga
45 202J
2499
34769
2625
16 778
1,468,136$
Schenectady
12.688
782J-
8614
597
5 768
515,662
Schoharie
89676
449&1
38771
2440
18 213
1,832,257
Schuyler
52,167
2,076
19004
1 128
798,953
Seneca
37 549
1609j
16996
577
7 136
705.574
Steuben
113.653
5,429i
62 483
4351
20,284
1,976,129
Suffolk
6087
414
24215
2006
10833
634,405
40946
2 39S
27 346
4 265
10 775
931927
Tioca
38.378
1 61 2
2Q 664
2323
12954
1,365,783
Tompkina
83627
40751
30 847
1 666
14 572
1,645,947
Ulster
49898
3 125
34140
4671
17 332
1,669,631
Warren
20062
1 061 j
14 82
1 423
6161
482.786
Washington
30,000
1,945
40410
2100
18 689
1,625.138
Wayne
5S 204
2 820^
38464
1 762
16769
l^e.OSO 1
Westchester
17.592
6,370^-
33 132
5 427
20,078
1.116,589
Wyoming ; .
36248
2000
39 048
2 t',74
16737
1,333.948
Yates
29260
1 510'
16784
747
7 250
717,259^
Total
2 557 876
138033'
2 105 465
144 597
1 068 427
90,293,073j
Appropriations for the Promotion of Agriculture.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
$350
$205
$00
$1 9 2
.Allegany
75
123
Clinton
125
84
100
67
300
133
Cattaraugus
86
Cortland
125
75
Cayuca
250
151
200
106
Chautauque
50
143
400
157
Chemung.
62
Erie
186
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
$125
S71
$75
$143
100
50
100
53
Fult & Him
60
117
250
179
250
120
200
91
194
Herkimer
Jefferson
200
200
112
183
Montgomery-
New York
400
650
107
950
AGRICULTURE.
107
By an act of April 11, 1842, Genesee receives $92 and "Wyoming $87 annually ; and by another
of April 13, 1855, the co. of Schuyler was allowed to receive a proportional share from the moneys
previously belonging to Chemung, Steuben, and Tompkins cos.
Counties in the State of New York, continued.
Pounds of Cheese.
No. of Horses.
&
*
fe.
4
&
&
4
.K
4
Tons of Broom Corn.
Bushels of Peaches.
Bushels of Pears.
69
a
5
&
1
m
36.520
1,044,978
40.896
1,717,484
199,333
1,198,361
7,861
1,212,544
105.906
87,167
708,679
61.185
64,119
2,038,392
93,594
143.916
579,079
105,873
21,317
2,670
9.068,519
2,819,459
10.954
11.223
5,998
9.497
15,405
13.047
4,856
10,971
8,444
9,103
7,410
9,140
10,829
16,983
6,149
6.029
5.829
11,395
6,203
338
9,098
17,059
6,314
5,097
12,502
11,753
18,913
8.836
14,099
14.334
17.398
17,330
13,660
9,986
9,640
12,398
14,652
1,938
7,954
10,184
845
3,715
20.261
11,293
4,219
9.682
5,700
7,497
13.899
7,111
3,092
5,678
9,443
9,893
3,341
11,707
14,928
7,332
10,358
6,773
31
36
7
11
4
15
6
10
36
211
27
5
29
10
43
3
1
13
23
"io
20
122
9
47
32
16
3
256
5
34
8
159
74
2
23
17
1
178
10
26
170
20
2
4
2
4
6
40
163
87
13
3
58
6
11
5
73
6
8
37,054
104,799
40,894
59,725
103,631
90,154
21,364
85,923
38,351
87,549
41,321
71,315
73,687
65,085
47,654
23,958
16,969
100.391
19,382
1,481
17,706
63,401
2
10,086
112.562
66,547
116,817
29,661
24,035
13,148
12,251
13,834
29,081
21,105
9,853
18,092
7,868
32,568
12,302
15,870
42.986
24.791
6,504
7.535
10.514
10,273
14,074
510
18,227
23.327
3,964
8,353
19,275
16.794
34,727
18,834
1,249
21,765
31,228
31,539
26.419
40,684
15,692
21.836
22,368
6,997
14,228
25,007
1,726
3.185
24,286
26,003
7.727
18,804
9,451
17,532 .
24,154
19.727
8,231
11,248
14.358
34,025
5,703
30,305
29,799
20,861
11,674
12,586
127
"isj
24
"62
i
"'ii
1*
i
e
"26J
"70i
2664
4J
14*
i
a
"is
727
134|
i
'"i
i
4
'"21
74
834|
147
1374
6474
5,041
4,742
924
3344
52
11
39
395
149
27
55
759
43
11
278
139
6
267
232
48
il5
1
38
4S5
240
77
47
4684
376
599
69
136
450
624
60
341
"94
"'8
378
4
91
134
31
127
111
i'56
70
15
359
1,5924
14
146
15
1354
190
25
313
11
5
1,780
207
23
10
121
14
24
21
4
125
87
27
201
265
146
100
1294
82
341
5
5
312
630
397
8
22
4
3
144
75
5
212
281
1,999
55
384
1,072
2,616
3,506
140
15
1,896,741
79,3464
2,087,594
131,253
1,538,654
618
22,134
12,378
71,443
3,311,114
860,644
205,921
80.660
110,298
975,461
1,638.493
3.475
765
538,462
78,359
60,841
94,202
132,725
21.377
91,285
36,088
109,937
5,804
9.714
64,609
57
926
86.454
46,018
10.759
45.596
48,918
47,534
111.353
28,016
12.591
36,152
61.036
29,841
16.472
118.533
104.845
11,321
93.365
64,827
1,165
3,073
2.705
4.031
2,244
84
111
392
8
2.500
1,672,999
152,901|
72,019
' 71,016
32,168
13,812
203,329
1,580
4,598
50,357
60,128
520
64.634
634.491
163,763}
2,180
823,105
59,972
28
8,195
5.777
1.148
1.330
568
586
1.919
1,721
25,394
895
397
1,689
38,944,249$
579,715
2,254
3,217,024
1,069,792
1,509*
115,4104
7,6294
8,604
Appropriations for the Promotion of Agriculture, continued.
COUNTIES.
1819.
Zyars.
1841.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2years.
1841.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
COUNTIES.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
$93
?100
$38
$200
$97
Ulster
$250
$137
$400
255
200
91
150
74
Warren
100
40
300
204
Rensselaer
350
18C
150
138
Washington....
350
1?3
500
130
75
34
Suffolk
200
97
126
300
152
Rockland
100
36
100
47
Westchester....
250
146
75
100
170
Tioga
150
61
Yates
61
Oswego
131
Saratoga
300
121
Tonipkins
150
114
State Ag. Soc...
700
Otsego
400
148
Schenectady....
100
51
108
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
County societies usually require the payment of $1 annually from each member, or $10 for life
membership without further payment. It is customary to restrict competition for premiums to
members of the society, and to collect of all others an entrance fee to the exhibition grounds.
Dwellings, Area, and Products.
COUNTIES.
NUMBER OF DWELLINGS.
i
NCMBEE OF ACRES.
1
1
|
i
I
Improved.
Total.
88
13
4
5
73
14
1
20
163
52
9
44
177
111
30
88
2
60
100
2
62
429
515
34
57
50
301
59
1,617
348
59
60
120
232
182
67
84
1
21
16
74
251
312
32
15
13
2
41
12
9
15
5
9
903
6
23
250
158
11
25
3,769
29
82
9
325
113
47
21
460
45
8
434
2,427
168
71
53
107
163
9,385
6,287
5,529
4,942
9,620
8,314
3,264
7,226
3,959
6,665
4,276
6,040
8,947
12,834
4,176
2.545
3,817
4,976
4,964
273
6,332
9.534
14901
3,195
5,787
7,688
13,713
4,700
10,595
5,361
13475
6,591
8,162
4,119
10,516
8,837
2,270
7.071
9,719
3,018
2,775
8,427
7,944
2,449
6.333
2.634
3,924
8,042
7,089
4,230
4,351
4.871
9,028
2,524
7,243
6,889
12,044
5,181
3,275
19
966
560
1,252
475
639
516
240
1,988
29
295
888
58
1,638
663
1,353
238
408
145
147
191
1,369
13,591
8,192
6,436
7,515
10.916
9,988
4,837
7,602
6,994
7,287
4,727
7,238
9,705
21,674
5,227
4,444
4,179
5,753
5,419
461
6,898
11,975
23,970
4.707
6,990
8,221
16,916
4,960
42.668
8,698
17,782
15,215
7.vjs
9,582
5,299
12,649
9,324
2,405
7,896
11,683
3,220
3,188
13,191
8,631
3,105
5,846
3,582
4,669
11,351
7,241
5,403
5,049
6,1151
11,068
3,614
7,875
8.708
12.758
6,041
3,873
3,539
5.392
3,925
5,441
4,299
6,547
1,948
5,203
3,551
3,242
3,388
5,458
7J257
2,715
3.247
2,288
3,003
3,145
404
3,447
6,992
398
3,945
3,375
4,680
4,879
2,862
48
3,968
8,315
6,336
3,943
2^454
6,720
6,109
1,368
3.113
3,869
876
1.221
8,946
4,208
1,328
4,011
2.446
2,238
7,042
4,338
3,683
3.088
3,623
4.851
2,145
4,192
4,767
3,722
4.131
2,242
242,735
280,863
198,8391
266,435$
315.7951
360.110
120,219$
347,8281
168.932|
304.2771
194.7361
364,400$
366.3591
340,307$
185,4431
144,027$
133.415$
219,012$
212.2231
16,675$
267,4144
465,222
15 871'
313,512$
635,132$
404,0481
699,0561
503,0321
654.2554
230,605
530,7641
570,0181
373.5321
308,399$
802,8524
464 464 1
Cortland
Erie . . . ...
593,651$
959,6381
979,692
280,4864
294,7444
362,8281
783,654$
773.072
716,513
21,4fi6
681,686$
358,840$
388,898$
295,022$
241,1781
1,974$
308,15:JJ
722,3941
459,2294
387.74S4
498,2141
244,2751
572,173|
608,4911
138,6531
176,753
393.2151
22.6744
97,334}
Fultun
Genesee
165
208
8,061
18
113
95
1,760
147
29,977
299
623
762
516
474
133
131
50
47
70
1,559
122
106
176
343
605
31
13
267
57
56
1,094
608
173
650
23
184.5404
2624625
277,3931
210 840}
Montgomery
194.457|
1.150$
207.0431
435.8001
344.528
290,639$
308,5991
181.948$
244,120
428,9321
94,2051
119,549
292,21 2}
15,0721
46.481$
499,554
315728}
1,525
496
498
513
405
346
821
287
63
203
40
3,443
163
14
435
405
254
1,938
7
757
483
287
582
461
124
859
3
603
452
1,385.085
455,5774
125,131$
359.9501
197,3354
197,886$
799,7004
424.389|
620,3184
293,3171
290,580|
618.843$
442,5431
476,585
356,5131
291 .094}
93,4484
227,9041
134,336$
151,949$
361.450
163.81 8J
125.489$
154.894$
205,61 C|
240,041
111,2021
333,030$
254.451 f
209,146$
241,654$
155 542J
Suffolk
35
77
329
90
321
323
470
50
52
Ulster
364,418$
206,6764
Yatea
Total
7,536
57,450
397,638
33,092
522.325
231,740
13,657,490$
26,758,1831
i This column includes the four preceding ones, and also a miscellaneous class reported as " Planks," " Boards," " Shanties,"
Ac. Of 4,196 dwellings, the material and value were not given. The value, so far as reported, was as follows:
Number. Total Value. Average Value.
gtone 7,1
72 $49,184,819 $6.857.89
52 312.151,135 5,500.26
67 297.453.492 784.90
31 1.330,168 4tU3
34 664,899,967 1.362.76
Log -. 288
Total... 487,9
MANUFACTURES.
THE manufactures of the State are very extensive, embracing an almost endless variety of articles.
In many sections the manufacturing interests surpass those of agriculture or commerce. The lines
of internal communication through the State have greatly facilitated the spread of manufactures ;
and now flourishing establishments are found in nearly every part of the State. 1 The most im-
1 Manufacturing Establishments in the several Counties, as reported by the State Census
0/1855.
COUNTIES.
Bakeries.
Blacksmith shops.
Boot and shoe shops.
Breweries.
Brick manufactories.
Cabinet making shops.
Carding and cloth dress-
ing establishments.
Carpenter shops.
dtandlers' and soap fac-
tories.
Coach and wagon
man ufactories.
i
Furnaces.
GWstoiiZJs.
Harness, saddle, and
trunk manufactories.
Hat and cap manufac-
tories.
Lime manufactories.
Machine shops.
1
Marble manufactories, i
15
27
27
9
11
8
3
q
5
29
i?
9f>
23
7
g
3
2
g
1
37
23
1
13
9.
9,
24
3
4
23
13
2
2
2
23
16
1
1
5
4
1
15
7
9,
27
fi
1
1
5
2
2
32
16
1
1
15
3
1
18
8
4
20
10
1
1
59
36
2
11
3
7
3
32
9
10
30
13
1
?
3
2
Chautauque
9.
43
37
4
3
13
3
3
1
31
22
7
31
11
5
2
19
15
9,
1
6
4
9:
9
7
7
17
3
3
2
2
Chenango
1
41
28
1
7
8
21
Ifi
15
28
10
2
1
1
22
15
q
fi
3
1
20
4
6
19
ft
4
2
2
1
47
29
1
7:
5
1
7
7:
34
1
4
43
fi
4
2
2
1
26
26
2
7
1
1
15
10
1
23
8
1
3
1
2
1
31
26
9
5
25
10
3
26
10
2
1
6
44
35
1
18
q
1
3
3
40
q
39
q
3
3
3
Erie
16
29
31
18
11
1<)
9:
3
26
15
9
43
14
3
3
2
Essex
28
8
5
1
15
4
9.
16
4
1
1
2
15
7
1
5
1
1
8
3
1
11
3
1
1
Fulton
12
7
1
2
7
6
10
9
5
5
2
33
36
1
2
6
2
25
IB
4
22
15
2
1
3
Greene
19
6
1
22
5
1
3
1
8
4
4
27
3
5
4
?
1
1
1
Herkimer
3
36
34
1
1
10
9.
5
1
27
11
4
18
10
2
5
3
4
52
42
1
4
17
7
3
1
33
10
10
48
17
2
2
g
5
Kings
9
11
10
1?
16
10
2
14
6
15
5
5
2
3
11
7
1
9
7
1
5
1
1
12
1
1
10
fi
2
2
35
30
4
1
11
1
10
2
26
13
13
29
11
3
1
3
1
27
30
1
12
1
6
21
9
9
22
16
1
2
4
3
g
69
34
16
3
15
3
11
3
48
52
Ifl
54
91
2
5
11
4
2
44
20
2
g
3
21
5
3
24
q
2
54
53
71
19
98
76
31
59
59
37
8
3?
51
4
36
32
Niagara
32
24
1
5
6
1
24
10
4
17
10
1
5
4
2
9
65
72
g
5
21
4
1
6
61
19
21
42
9fi
5
5
7
2
1
53
53
5
9
15
?
1?
2
45
38
11
36
m
4
g
9
2
Ontario
40
29
1
3
8
1
1
1
19
13
8
40
10
1
2
3
1
Orange
1
37
20
2
14
9
1
2
5
33
g
4
38
is
1
1
3
2
38
26
g
2
1
21
10
5
26
7
2
2
3
26
29
9
13
4
1
21
48
9
42
19,
2
4
1
Otsego
66
54
1
2
15
4
11
65
17
9
39
m
1
5
2
Putnam
6
12
2
2
1
2
1
7
1
2
5
14
g
2
4
2
1
26
1
24
7
1
2
RensseVier
9
43
25
g
7
10
1
4
20
12
7
34
8
1
1
'V
3
2
6
5
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
Rockland
1
7
5
1
33
1
7
1
3
13
1
1
4
\
47
37
1
6
12
5
26
g
g
36
14
3
4
4
2
Saratoga
4
47
29
4
7
2
29
11
3
33
1?
2
g
3
Schenectady
g
9
1
5
1
7
3
5
8
1
3
Sclioli'irie
34
21
5
5
27
14
4
27
7
1
2
1
Schuvler
23
16
4
1
15
7
2
15
fi
1
Seneca
1
23
13
1
4
5
1
3
19
7
5
15
g
2
1
Steuben
2
49
28
3
16
3
1
36
12
g
42
15
2
1
2
Suffolk
1
22
18
7
5
3
1
16
2
1
29
g
1
2
Sullivan
29
10
1
7
2
13
1
1
16
ft
...
Tioga
3
20
17
1
5
1
16
10
2
17
g
1
1
Tompkins
4
45
34
1
16
'3
3
2
26
15
9
28
14
2
2
1
2
Ulster
3
37
9
11
g
2
2
1
29
29
5
42
g
1
3
T
Warren
14
7
1
2
2
1
1
g
5
3
2
1
1
WashiJ'gtnn
40
24
1
2
9
2
25
g
5
15
13
1
4
1
Wayne
1
49
22
1
2
g
2
10
1
29
17
10
25
15
2
4
2
2
Westche^ter
6
27
52
2
3g
7
1
12
1
28
1
g
29
7
2
1
17
Wyoming
37
34
17
2
30
g
g
30
g
1
2
4
Tales
2
14
15
g
1
15
g
g
15
5
1
1
...
Total
196
1 921
1467
18
269
616
114
232
Ill
1 9Q7
666
388
1 476
595
124
101
109
110
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
portant and extensive manufactories are those of iron and machinery, leather, articles of wood,
and cotton and woolen goods. Such articles as relate to the professions and fine arts, to books,
maps, and engravings, and to the heavy machinery used in ocean steamships, are principally manu-
factured in New York City and its suburbs. Immense quantities of brick are manufactured on
the Hudson for the New York and Southern markets. Lime, waterlime, and gypsum are largely
manufactured on the Hudson and through the center of the State ; and iron ware is produced in
large quantities in the iron districts of Essex, Clinton, Dutchess, Orange, and Oneida counties. De-
tails of the principal manufacturing establishments are given in the statistics of the cities or towns
in which they are located. 1
1 Manufacturing Establishments in the several Counties, continued.
COCNTIE8.
Sdoi/s /i.('u>H!]C
Paper mitts.
I'ii.-t: r mills.
Printing offices.
Kill manufactories.
Sash and blind manu-
faetories.
1
Ni ingle factories.
X/ttir building establish-
ments.
Xilri r ware manufacto-
ries.
7"ai7or shops.
Tanneries.
Tin and sheet iron
manufactories.
Tobacco and cigar
manufactories.
Turning shops.
Woolen clcith and yarn
factories.
O/Acr manufactories.
3
3
3
3
10
43
29
3
fi
?,ft
10
5
8
1
1
131
Allegany
1
1
IV!
4
1
2
17
8
2
315
2
1
2
159
4
8
1
22
1
1
1
1
169
1ft
3
fi
1ft
6
1
1
25
7
1
4
7
4
79
3
3
fi
18
8
4
6
54
3
3
1
184
10
7
1
8
?,ft
11
1
7
3
40
1
2
3
99
4
2
7
n
10
1
4
2
20
3
1
5
3
110
ft
17
7
5
4
30
1
1
110
2
1
13
5
1
73
15
6
4
21
2
2
13
8
12
i
6
49
Cortland
1
68
?,
1
ft
13
6
3
2
29
2
1
1
224
2
ft
?4
5
1
4
8
7
1
7
4
2
12
1
fi
ft
23
8
18
is
2
6
72
3
1
1
10
151
n
7
2
7
134
13
5
6
9
164
1
1
1
73
5
2
10
3
5
62
1
1
85
4
3
4
fi
5
2
34
2
3
1
1
90
ft
1
2ft
1
1
5
2
81
5
7
4
46
3
3
8
q
5
1
3
38
2
4
4
4
62
1
1
9
4
1
8
5
36
23
3
1
3
5
B
1
9
94
4
14
?1
8
6
3
80
5
2
1
1
101
12
4
1
17
19
1
3
119
1
1
2
1
11
2
4
5
9
1
221
1
2
95
1
2
1ft
4
o
3
29
4
3
35
8
7
6
1
2
1
34
2
2
4
2
4
75
1
4
7
W.
10
2
6
54
1
6
4
55
2
11
2
-
1ft
12
4
2
3
158
5
1
1
43
2
3
1ft
7
1
4
3
38
12
5
1
13
21
83
14
54
36
8
1248
2
1
1
6
41
q
3
8
4
5
1
2
30
15
3
6
fi
58
17
ft
4
',
38
21
6
2
13
185
1
6
12
5
190
4
81
fi
3
in
19
17
5
4
6
121
2
7
54
i
1
14
5
13
1
4
46
Orange
fi
3
4
2
21
4
4
9
12
9
6
8
51
4
1
1
fi
33
3
2
10
6
13
6
2
1
218
22
3
10
38
10
2
2
6
48
5
2
142
2
8
2
17
24
10
6
fi
59
1
1
2
2
2
7
2
6
2
7
3
2
4
9
1
3
40
1
8
5
fi
91
2
1ft
13
13
3
6
4
"76
1
2
1
26
7
1
1
2
1
3
2
24
1
2
3
9
9
138
36
1?,
2
1?
25
14
1
7
70
7
4
1
1
1
80
5
7
4
q
6
1
5
4
53
4
1
1
13
q
1
2
1
2
29
Schoharie
3
1
118
1
1
4
17
5
7
23
2
2
84
10
3
6
13
2
10
?,
4
15
3
1
fi
ft
5
i
2
34
4
3
9
1
238
15
4
3
q
iq
7
2
2
28
Suffolk
3
11
5
1
3
4
5
2
1
2
Sullivan
2
145
1
3
2
12
1
18
Tio^a
1
9
146
7
3
27
12
3
2
1
16
6
2
4
97
7
2
3
IS
14
2
6
1
3
31
9
3
3
1
40
95
3
30
5
3
5
4
40
9
68
1
14
2
1
1
13
1
3
3
3
49
?,
3
3
13
4
1
8
36
5
1
85
1
2
11
14
11
1
1
42
2
3
1
31
1
7
1
2
9
10
4
1
3
94
1
77
10
3
ft
Ifi
8
1
2
3
29
5
4
2
19
1
1
7
5
5
2
17
Total
151
109
1-U
193
900
4,948
262
212
143
5fiO
863
480
139
136
184
4.458
The returns of manufacturing establishments from many counties are quite unsatisfactory, as an examination of the table will
show. It ia to be hoped that the next census will be more complete in this particular.
COMMERCE.
THE position of New York in the confederacy of States gives it peculiar facilities for maritime
affairs, and through its various ports a large proportion of the foreign and internal commerce of
the nation is carried on. This commerce extends to every accessible port in the world, and in
amount and variety excels that of all the other States of the Union. It is regulated by acts of
Congress ; and the revenues arising from duties upon articles imported are collected by officers ap-
pointed by the President and Senate, or subordinate to those thus appointed. These officers are
accountable to the U. S. Treasury Department.
Collection Districts. The Federal Government has established 11 Collection Districts
within this State for the collection of these revenues. Each of these has one port of entry, in charge
of a collector, and several ports of delivery, at which one or more deputy collectors, inspectors, or
other officers reside. 1 The number of officers employed in collecting these revenues in New York
City and its dependencies is nearly 800. Duties on foreign importations form much the largest
item of revenue for the support of the General Government, and those collected at the port of New
York form the largest part of the whole amount. The absolute and relative amounts of moneys
collected from this source in the United States and State of New York have been steadily increasing,
except as influenced by pecuniary embarrassments ; and now the former amount to about 60,000,000
annually. 2
1 Collection Districts in New York.
DISTRICT.
Date nf
Establishment.
Principal
Office.
Subordinate Offices.
July 31, 1789
Sag Harbor
Greenport.
July 31 1789
Albany, Troy, Cold Spring Harbor, Port Jefferson.
Mar. 2, 1793
PlattsburgH
Whitehall, Rouses Point, Champlain, Perrysville, Mooers, Centerville,
Oswegatchie
Cape Vincent
Sackets Harbor...
Mar. 2, 1811
April 18, 1818
Mar. 3, 1803
Mar 2, 1799
Ogdensburgh
Cape Vincent
Sackets Harbor..
I Kwr^o
Chateau;;ay, Burke, Trout River, Westville, Fort Covington, Hogans-
burgh, Malone.
llainiiiiinil, Mnrristown, Lisbon, Waddington, Louisville, Massena.
Ali .vuidria Bay, Millens Bay, Clayton, Chaumont, Three Mile Bay, Point
Peninsula.
Dexter, Henderson, Sandy Creek.
I'.u S,.,lns, Little Sodus, Texas, Port Ontario.
Mar. 3, 1805
Rochester
Carthage Landing, Kelsey Landing, Pultneyville, Charlotte.
Mur 2, 1799
Lewiston
Ni i^ara Falls, Niagara Bridge. Youngstown, Wilson, Eighteen Mile Creek,
Mar 3 1805
Buff.ilo
Oak Orchard.
Black Rock, Black Rock Dam, Tonawanda. Schlosser.
Dunkirk
July 27, 1854
Dunkirk
Barcelona, Irving, Cattaraugus Creek, Silver Creek.
Albanyvins made aportof delivery in N.Y.Dist. July 31,1789.
Cape. Vincent was made a port of delivery in Sackets Harbor
Dist. Mar. 2, 1811.
Hudsrni was made a port of delivery in N. Y. Dist. July 31,
1789, and a district aud port of entry Feb. 26, 1795. Annexed
to N. Y. Dist. May 7, 1822.
Catsl-ill and KimUrhuok were made ports of delivery from
Feb. '26, 1795, to May 27, 1796.
New Windsor, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, and Esopus were made
ports of delivery July 31, 1789.
Niagara. Office removed from Ft. Niagara to Lewiston
Mar. 2, 1811.
l The following table exhibits the receipts for customs for the
ports of the U.S. and N. Y. for a series of years :
Receipts into United Kates Treasury.
YEARS.
Total from all
sources.
FROM CUSTOMS.
United States.
New York.
1795
$0,419.802.79
$5,588.461.26
$2,717.361
1800
12,451.184.14
9,080,932.73
3,611,588
1805
13.689,508.14
12,936,487.04
6,958,008
1810
12,144,206.53
8,583.309.31
5.223.696
1815
50,961,237.60
7,282.942.22
14,040,816
1820
20,881,493.68
15.005,612.15
5,506,516
1825
26,840,858.02
20.098.713.45
15.762,142
1830
24,844.116.51
21.922.391.39
15,031,003
1835
35,430,087.10
19,391,310.59
14.:,ti8,G60
1840
25,032,193.59
13,499.502.17
7.557.441
1845
29,941,853.00
27,588,112.70
21,318,408
1850
47,649,388.88
39,668.686.42
24,487,610
1855
65,351,374.68
53,025,794.21
1857
68,969,212.57
63.875,905.05
42,510,753.79
1858
70,273,869.59
41,789.620.96
The amount of revenue from duties varies with the amount
of tariff, and the sum thus collected becomes a very uncertain
measure of the amount of commerce. The present tariff was
adopted March 3, 1857, and admits a large class of goods free of
duty. The system of bonding, introduced in 1846, permits goods
to be stored in Government warehouses until re-exported or sold,
before the payment of duties are required. The State Govern-
ment took early measures for establishing custom houses and
regulating duties upon foreign importations. By an act of Nov.
18, 1784, Sag Harbor and New York were made ports of entry
and delivery, and officers were appointed by the Governor and
Council of Appointment at each. The reluctance of New York
to part with these revenues led to much delay in her ratifying
the Constitution of the U.S. by which her revenues were sur-
rendered to the General Government.
Registered and enrolled tmnage rf the pnrt of New York and of
the United Stairs at different periods.
[D
<
P4
t-
1825
1830
1835
1840
1S45
1850
1855
1858
REGISTERED
TONNAGE.
ENROLLED
TONNAGE.
TOTAL TONNAGE.
Vnit'A
State.
New
York.
United
States.
New
York.
United
States.
New
York.
700,788
576,475
885,821
899,765
1,095,172
1,585.711
2,535,136
2,577,769
136.384
92.361
162.874
184,542
217,089
388.438
737,509
841.686
800 213
615.301
939.119
1,2SO,999
1.321,830
1,949,743
2,676,865
3,201,430
144.210
167,922
196,483
244,774
288,187
391,380
538,162
580.488
1,423,112
1,191,776
1,824,940
2,180,764
2,417,002
3,535,454
5,212.001
5,049,808
280,594
260,283
359,357
429.316
505,276
779,818
1,275,671
1,422,174
111
112
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Foreign Trade of New York from 1700, although fluctuating considerably, has
exhibited a general progressive increase. The commerce of the country was suspended during the
Revolution ; and no statistics of its amount have been preserved during the period in which the
States formed each an independent sovereignty under the Confederation. The amount of imports
has been reported separately by States only since 1821. 1
Amount of American as compared with Foreign Tonnage at
different periods in tlie District of New Fork.
YEARS.
TONNAGE ENTERED.
U.S.
Foreign.
Total.
1825
1830
1835
1840
1845
1850
1854
1858
259,524i
280,918
373,465
409,458
472,491}
807,580J
1,442,278$
2,411,087
20,655^
&3.7971
90.999
118,136
140,858i
441.7;.
477,034}
1,124,020
280,179}
314,715}
464,464
527,594
613,350
1,249,337
1,919,313^
3,535,107
YEARS.
TONNAGE CLEARED.
V.8.
Foreign.
Total.
1826
ls:;n
1835
1840
1S45
1850
1855
lv,S
245,512
209,598^
289,551 |
275.:!':;;
377.163i
705,162
l.ovJ.T'.i'jj
2,152,835
17,914}
33,<W>J
80,038i
117.2'!
140,222^
407.054
445,395
1,132,568
263,430}
273.285
369,590
392..MI7!
517,385*
1,112.216
1,628,104}
3,285,403
Amount of Registered, Enrolled, and Licensed Tonnage in tht
several Collection Districts, June 30, 1858.
DISTRICTS.
Registered.
Enrolled
and
Licensed.
Sag Harbor
7,408.72
7,057.94
New York
841,685 35
593 599.73
Chnrnplain
888.02
11 866 60
C^pe Vincent
fi.129.88
1 321 22
46 420 19
Genesee
3 704 31
1 'V231
Buffalo Creek
7:: 47^ MI
Dunkirk....
5.382.50
Amount of Registered ami Knrnlt>d Tonnmjt of thf I'nited States
ami District of Neiv York at different perim/*.
YEARS.
REGISTERED.
ENROLLKn AND Ll-
CtNStD.
U. States.
N. York.
U. States.
N. York.
1827
747.170
686.990
810.447
975.359
1,241,313
1 899,448
2.499,550
133,403
116.395
Ifi9,050
193,911
254,541
496.507
841.6S5}
873,438
752,460
1,086.237
1.117,035
1,597.733
2,23S,9B2
2.550,742
1R5.542
162,419
216.351
247.023
337.381
445,674
593.600
1 <:-._>
1837
1842
1S47
1S52
1858
Number of Entries of M<"rchandise at the Part nf New York for
10 years, ending June 30, I'-SC.
1847 40.418
1848 5:5.9 U)
1849 54.506
1850 61,752
1851 71,068
1852 08.9f.7
is:,:! v:!.J7n
1851 93.-2VJ
ISf.f, 76.448
1856 89,377
General Statistics f>r 1 5 5S.
American
Vesst If.
F;-i$ii
1 -'.veil.
Exports of American produce....
foreign "
Imports
$ P5 or.- 159
12,430 450
1239'^ '-:'
-?J! i" 2,63]
6.870,684
54 547 453
Numlierof vessels cleared
4471
44S6
Crews "
67 240
55 757
Number of vessels entered
4 '176
4 MO
Crews " "
73 S66
55 903
Trade of New York from 1700 to 1776.
YEARS.
TOTAL VALUE.
YEARS.
TOTAL VAIDK.
Imports.
Exports.
Imports.
Exports.
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
171!
1735
1736
1737
1738
$247,050
159,550
149.955
87,810
111,470
139,510
157,940
149,275
134,495
172,885
157.375
144,280
92,620
232,350
223.215
273,195
260,865
220,700
314,830
281,785
181,985
253,770
287,:;!'i i
2fio,065
315,100
353,250
421.
337,260
408,170
323,800
321.780
330,580
3-27.700
327,085
408,790
4112,025
430,000
629.165
667.190
$ 87,835
92,735
39,825
37,355
. 62,700
36,965
14,245
71,415
54.235
61,295
91,015
60,965
62,330
72,140
149,050
106,580
109.855
122,670
135,655
97,9*0
M.1MI
78.405
1MU..V..II
13!l.'.ii>
105,955
124,880
191,535
158,085
105,710
79,168
43,700
103.7 >'i
47,055
58,130
76.535
70,77 -
89,720
84.165
81,140
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
17. -.7
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
$ 530,350
598,885
602,150
837,955
672,435
699,600
274,785
433,560
689,940
716,555
1,328,865
1,335,650
1,244,705
970,150
1,389,320
637,485
755,355
1,252,125
1,766,555
1,782,775
3,153,925
2,400,530
1,447,850
1,440,230
1,192,800
2,577,080
1,911.74.',
1.854.1 If,
2.089,785
2,414,860
374,590
2,379,955
:;,2i;\Kif,
1,719.850
1.446.070
2,189,685
6,140
$ 92,295
107,490
105,710
67,680
75,335
72,635
70.415
44,205
74,960
61,790
117,065
178,160
211,815
203,290
202,765
133,315
145,275
120,365
95,840
71,300
108,420
105,625
243,240
294,410
264.990
268,485
274,795
335,100
307,110
435,575
367,430
349,410
479,375
413,535
381,230
400,040
935,090
11,590
Trade of New York since the adoption of Federal Constitution.
YEARS.
Imports.
Exports.
YEARS.
Imports.
Exports.
1791
1792
17".:
1794
1795
1796
1797
I79S
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1S07
1803
1S09
1S10
1M1
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1-19
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
$ 2,505,465
2,635.790
2,932,370
5,442,183
10,304,581
12,208,027
13,308,064
1 I "0,892
1 -..7 19,527
14.045.079
19,851.136
13,79227'
10.818,387
16.081,281
23,482,943
21,762, S-45
26,357.963
5,606,058
1-2.581,562
17.242,330
12,266,215
8,961,922
8,185,494
209.670
10 675,373
19.690.0i;i
18,707,433
17,872,261
13,587,378
13,163,244
13,162.918
17,100.4-2
19,038.990
22,897,134
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
lv;n
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843*
1844
1845
1846
1S47
1848
1849
1850
1^51
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1888
$49,639,174
38,115,630
38,719,644
41,927,792
34,74:i. :n7
35,624.ii7ii
57,077.417
53,214,402
55,918,449
73,188,594
88,191,305
118,253,416
79,301,722
68.453,206
99,8>-2.i:^
60,440,750
75,713.420
57,^75,604
31,356,540
65,079,516
70,909,085
74.254.283
84,167,352
94,525,141
92 567.369
111,123.524
141,546.538
132,329,306
178,270,999
195,427,933
164,776,511
210.160,454
236,493.4*5
178,475,736
$35,259,261
21,947,791
23,834,137
22.777,t'49
211.119,011
19,697,983
25,535,144
26,000,945
25,395,117
13,849,469
30.345,264
2K.92ii.'t^
27,338,419
23.008,471
33,268,099
34.264,080
33,139,833
27,576.778
16,762,664
32,861,540
36,175,298
36.935,413
49,844,368
53,351,157
45 963,100
52,712,789
86,007,019
87,484.456
78.206,290
1 22.534,646
113,731.238
119,111.500
134.803,298
108,340,924
$23,629,246
35,445,628
23,421,319
30,113.723
* From Oct. 1, 1842, to June 30, 1843. The fiscal year waa
changed at this time, and now begins July 1.
COMMERCE.
113
The reports of commerce and navigation do not specify the amount imported and exported
in each collection district. The relative amount of the port as compared with the State of
New York has been as follows at different periods :
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
Importation of Dry Goods.
Port of N. F.j
State of N.Y.
Port of N. Y.
State of N.Y.
ENTERED FOR CON-
SUMPTION.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1840
1845
1848
1855
1858
$5fi,845,924
68,932,207
89,815.968
152,539,783
171,473,336
$60,440,750
70,909,085
94,525,141
164,776,511
178,475,736
$30,186,470
34,196,184
45,863,916
62,918,442
100,667,890
$34,264,080
36,175,298
53,351,157
113,731,238
108,350,924
Manufactures of wool.
" cotton.
" silk.
" flax.
Miscell. dry goods
Total
$22,671,010
13,225,234
27.738,090
7,760,145
6,575,816
$20,261,326
15,813,299
25,1P2,465
6,857,433
6,709,004
$17,035,032
9,012,911
17,581.099
3.701,555
3,761,788
Trade of New York for the Three Years ending June 30, 1858.
$77,970,295
$74,833,527
$51,092,385
IMPORTS.
1856.
1857.
1868.
WITHDRAWN FROM
WAREHOUSE.
1856.
1857.
1858.
Ent. fo
u
Free g(
Specie
To
Withdi
ware
Dry gu
Genera
r consumption
warehousing
$150.088,112
29,568.397
17,432,112
1,126,097
$141,430,109
62.275.673
16,036,530
6,441,855
$ 94.019,659
44.463.806
23,665.487
9,324,384
Manufactures of wool.
" cotton.
" silk.
" flax.
Miscell. dry goods
Total
$2,025,697
1,888,578
2,241,7S5
1,131,408
507,675
$2,929,179
2,492,516
2,004,190
1,100,183
601,035
$6,369,118
4,018,693
5.394,970
2,215,427
1,385,173
and bullion....
tal
$198,214,718
21,934,130
85,898,690
112,316,028
$226,184,167
27,950,212
92,699,088
133,485,079
$171,473,336
49,376,593
67,317,736
104,155,600
awn from
house
$7,890,143
$9,127,103
$19,383,381
ENTERED FOB WARE-
HOUSE.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1 merchandise.
EXPORTS.
1856.
1857.
V-M.
Manufactures of wool.
" cottnn.
" silk.
" flax.
Miscell. dry goods
Total
$2.184,687
2.006,493
2,225,515
861,657
650,113
$6,081,505
3,780,715
4,497,447
2.228,768
1,247,126
$5,028,533
4,048,530
3,667,521
1,964,891
1,515,876
Domestic produce
Foreign mdse. free...
" " dutiable
Specie and bullion....
Total
$75,026,244
1,268,914
3,691,600
22,280,991
$75,928,942
2,396.903
3,932,370
44,348,468
$55,931,987
3,104,160
7,309,672
34,322,071
$102,267,749
$U6,606,683
$100,667,890
$7,929,495
$17,835,561
$16,225,351
Commerce of New York with Foreign Countries for the year ending June 30, 1858.
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
AMERICAN.
FOREIGN.
AMERICAN.
FOREIGN.
1
Tons.
Crews.
1
1
Tons.
Crews.
s
to
1
Tons.
Crews.
4
1
Tons.
Crews.
390
634
131
14
8
44
80
153
162
15
101
37
24
25
29
111
37
50
58
14
38
17
10
10
22
14
24
17
20
19
15
2
14
2
4
14
2
5
441,043
227,453
136,408
21,965
5,122
7.315
48,990
32,335
3:>.M)6
9,289
29,997
33,554
28,910
23.140
23,912
20,849
13.258
13.870
13,956
8,721
14 522
10,743
9.416
6,333
7,436
5,: 33
5.133
4,881
4,226
4,176
3,829
859
2,833
794
1,590
2,227
1,073
2,035
11,313
7,626
4,542
809
125
284
2,704
1,206
1,338
226
1,064
923
696
592
646
849
412
480
511
229
441
277
242
170
237
155
193
171
152
168
141
25
110
26
44
94
31
68
80
40
11
86
56
279
3
118
30
24
28
6
1
3
5
8
22
26
14
11
130,016
11,288
3,926
58,564
52.797
43,869
819
17,321
5,715
31,231
7,811
3,464
503
4.195
2,867
1,717
6,U6
5,741
2,935
7,657
5,959
445
163
1,993
2,057
1,746
27
748
227
1,469
284
109
16
193
87
70
216
231
120
214
276
442
58
15
333,165
179,940
74,938
21,856
8,732
6.647
2,784
998
116
11
9
61
42
400
3
99
9
23
4
1
3
12
5
6
24
2
22
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
4
4
5
2
1
17
6
6
7
1
5
146,347
6.040
2.743
39,759
47,257
80,215
853
15,549
l,r>57
31,492
1,079
369
4,195
6,406
I,lb7
2,077
6,962
413
11.525
1,068
1,715
636
425
116
247
360
987
1.369
1,137
1,021
467
382
3,868
905
4.762
2,061
346
813
6,435
227
122
1,542
1,878
2,806
84
744
67
1,250
61
14
192
198
50
77
256
19
353
49
72
23
26
9
9
10
32
48
44
18
17
15
138
46
133
83
12
46
Cuba
British North America
99
86
142
73
43
68
19
3
21
T8
53
5
70
31
11
24
2
5
26
7
37
23
36
13
12
3
16
2
13
13
41.830
54.765
28,919
14,i92
23.360
15.585
18,127
9,449
10,429
14.041
8,926
1,347
20,054
6,810
6,565
8,932
755
3,188
10,272
2,301
7,897
6,180
8,452
3,022
3,353
982
6,079
821
6,148
1,619
1,139
2,727
1,091
562
629
590
528
76
459
386
392
45
655
278
165
291
24
85
333
80
314
218
326
121
119
35
204
25
154
76
British West Indiea
Porto Rico
Brazil
China .
Peru
British East Indies
Hayti
Holland
4
1
5
1
4
1
1,315
200
2.235
261
740
181
47
8
65
10
30
8
Danish We8t Indies
2
1
1
8
2
6
5
4
4
1
6
1
6
315
167
130
2,383
331
2.065
1,313
560
1,644
335
2,317
350
2,116
13
7
5
86
14
70
49
26
56
10
80
12
64
Africa (except Egypt and British
V 088e ss ions)
Portugal
Turkey in Asia
1
13
5
25
35
1
2
15
1
405
4.694
2,525
4,629
27,975
257
263
11.224
120
13
149
72
193
717
8
12
282
6
Egypt....
7
1,767
63
French West Indiea
2
3
7
8
1
1,987
1,557
1,542
1,293
756
43
45
61
54
19
1
250
7
Canary Islands
Chili
1
8
380
1,005
12
68
French North American Possessions.
114
NEW YOKK STATE GAZETTEER.
Statistics of American and Foreign Trade.
Value of Articles Imported, continued.
^ M EXPORTS.
R *J
TONNAGE CLEARED.
ARTICLES.
VALUES.
^ t% American Foreign
g g> Produce. Produce.
f*
American
Vessels.
Foreign
Vessels.
New York.
U. States.
Raw hides and skins
5,629,029
282,644
341,528
15,304,255
1,183,788
240.501
2,032,614
515,700
267,097
323,041
235,168
269,4s6
1,410,426
706,945
13,514,098
442910
3,042,152
2,040,898
1,078,666
1,755,011
286,954
237,710
679,421
976,018
1,195,004
1,378,660
0,719,713
9,192,641
1,742,396
494,915
908,789
1,046,668
836,423
9.884,358
1,124,920
417,168
16.121,395
1,249,385
242,130
3,207,043
1,211,305
373.599
356,614
378,257
631,723
2,232,452
1,158,517
23,317,435
484,520
3,842,968
4,123,208
1,255,831
3,215,236
343,100
285,125
860,942
1.574.716
1,542,600
1,837,561
7,626,830
10,78(1,379
2,002,653
663,373
1,367,425
2,314.1165
1,465,074
1821 $ 7,896,605 $ 5.264.313
1825 20.651.5.58 14,607.703
1830 13.618,278 6,079,705
1835 21.707.867 8,637.397
1840 22,676.609 11.5S7.471
1845 25,929,904 10.245,394
1850 41,502,800 11,209,989
1855 96,414.808 17.316,430
1858 89,039,790 19,301,134
$ 158,174
255,878
229,341
589,855
518,202
926,280
1,411.557
1.861.682
2,152.835
$ 10.720
19,851
36,574
343.078
343,114
414.688
737,539
1.140.197
1,132,568
Salt
Silk, hosiery
" and worsted piece goods
" raw
" manufactured, not specified.
" carb
Value of Articles Imported for the year ending June 30, 1858.
" from grain
ARTICLES.
VALUES.
Tea and coffee from places not
New York.
V. States.
Tin plates
Duty free.
Articles from B. A., duty free
Produce U. S. brought back
Bullion, gold
$ 624,060
1,024,992
269,833
271,027
6,730,168
6.414.700
8,096,651
689,533
559,635
940,077
477,087
242.648
389,519
696,399
276.030
1,293,921
463,067
327,207
1,173,075
$14,754,255
1,244.692
2,286,099
408.879
18,341,081
6,777,295
9,279,969
7,299.549
887,486
3.243.174
643,642
525,376
504.634
971,126
392.440
1,300,065
470,023
594,258
3,843,320
Tobacco, cigars
Porcelain, earthen, and stone
Wine, sherry and St. Lucien
" silver
" white, not enumerated
Coffee
Tea
Wool, blankets
" carpeting
" hosiery
Dye stuffs
" piece goods
" worsted
" manufact'd, not specified..
Unenumeratfd articles.
At 15 per cent
Total ad valorem
** iii"--;
$137,208,207
$202,293,875
Wrvnl
$170,280,887
$282,613,150
$33,072,680
521,774
430,948
1,625,833
751,429
399,425
8,383,552
549.894
4,308,238
511,276
272,469
762,568
247.510
870.336
388,241
454,344
332,503
332,097
488,741
1,128.651
332,821
567,061
467,379
1,610,970
1,155,761
281,963
329.785
1.556,538
324,897
677,659
702.595
546,596
817,687
970,723
2,274.0:33
285.183
1,638,087
1,362.096
437.268
1,205,714
248,815
452,723
1,414,168
247,233
309,415
238,402
354,973
$80,319,255
772,925
741.077
2,120,868
1,080,671
956,017
12,391,713
654.4.V2
5,598,571
953,436
342,869
1.441,471
321.935
876.156
397.310
626,744
329.241
385,945
515,641
1,182,837
520.029
666,583
467,379
3,318,913
1.489,054
382,610
739,949
2,987,576
426.499
945,073
1.147,773
725,338
970,133
2,298,709
2,845,029
405.439
1,972,243
1,449,672
806,412
1,259,711
278,946
477,995
4,116,759
378.928
447,534
256,322
456,450
Paying duty ad valorem.
Coal
Value of V. S. products exported during the year ending June.
30, 1858.
Cotton, piece goods, plain
" hosiery
" thread, twist, and yarn...
" manufactured, not speci-
fied
ARTICLES.
VALUES.
N. Y.
U.S.
$ 527,867
1,312,957
751,334
236,928
526,831
561,451
232,764
1,705,426
8,368,500
452,929
14.917.585
12,456,256
1,485,958
393,158
331,281
1,531,570
234,945
314,936
1,922,734
$ 554.744
2,081.856
3,428,530
541,863
777,921
731,910
332.250
1,985,223
131,386,661
681.278
19,474,040
22,933,206
1,957,423
875,753
932,499
3.259,039
877,692
464,415
4,059.528
3,809.501
606.589
2.400,115
1.598.136
1,800,285
2,234.678
1,U97,503
597,107
1,105,223
2.852.942
1,870,578
1,464,210
1,002,378
476,722
1,267,691
1,089,282
1,975,852
375,062
824,970
17,009,767
9,061.504
19,328,884
Linens, bleached or unbleached...
" manufactured, not speci-
fied :
Beef
Butter
Carriages and rail road cars, &c ...
" hatters'
Copper and brass manufactures....
Cotton
" bullion
Goat's hair, Angora, and ntuer
Hides
Hemp, manufact'd, not specified..
India rubber, not manufactured
Cutlery
Lard
1,172,950
303.579
1,113,428
473,838
1,358,779
413,806
1,046.453
412,999
1,105,223
1,169.707
664,969
1,219,553
822,986
243,118
387,084
904,242
960,390
231,879
258,226
1,482,970
5,451,491
7,017,790
" rod
a " other
" sheet ....
Steel, shear, cast, and German....
" other
Iron and steel, other manufac-
Pork
Lead
" other manufactured
Total of exports
Printed books, English
$83,403,564
$293,768,279
COMMERCE.
115
Tonnage. The size of registered American vessels engaged in foreign trade has been steadily
increasing, and has more than doubled within twenty years. Steam vessels were first enrolled in
1823 and first registered in 1830. They now form 12 to 15 per cent, of the total amount of tonnage. 1
Steamboats applying for registry, enrolment, or license must be inspected under the direc-
tion of a Board of Supervising Inspectors. The United States is divided into 9 Supervising Dis-
tricts, the 2d of which includes the seaboard, and the 9th the lakes of New York. Steamboats are
required to be well guarded against fire, to have suitable pumps worked by hand and by steam,
at least two boats, and large steamers more, in proportion to their tonnage, (except upon rivers,) one
life preserver to every passenger, and a certain number of floats, and fire buckets and axes. Their
boilers, engines, and hull must be examined and approved by inspectors appointed by the Col-
lector, the Supervising Inspector for the district, and the Judge of the U. S. District Court ; and
every requirement of the law must be found complied with. Pilots and engineers on steamers
must be examined and licensed by the Inspectors. The present steamboat law was passed Aug.
30, 1852. 2
The Coasting Trade of the United States is entirely restricted to American vessels, and
the share belonging to New York is very great ; but from the want of official returns it cannot be
definitely ascertained. Unless carrying distilled spirits or foreign goods, these vessels are not re-
quired to report their entrance and clearance ; and, as they oftener leave than arrive with these
articles, the number of clearances reported is disproportionately high. 3
l Average tonnage of vessels at different periods arriving at New
York.
YES.
American.
Foreign.
YRS.
American.
foreign.
1835
1840
1845
245
280
319
193
253
267
1850
1855
1858
427
527
530
338
223
452
Vessels built in New York for 1858.
{
3LASS
^
DISTRICTS.
T3
11
eo
1
g
Tonnage.
* S
8
M 10
S
s
1
_g
1*8
5!
.a
*5
|
558
S &
2
2
4
536.58
New York
7
2
Vffl
84
26
141
6,093.75
1
1
26.74
Cape Vincent
3
3
468.78
6
2
2
10
1,990.79
Niagara -
3
3
601.05
Buffalo Creek....
...
1
10
4
14
39
7,215.77
Dunkirk
1
1
2
252.26
Amount of registered and enrolled steam tonnage of U. S. at
different periods.
YEARS.
Registered.
Enrolled.
Total.
1825
23.061
23,061
1830
1,419
63,053
64,472
1835
340
122,474
122.814
1840
4,155
319,527
202,339
1845
6.492
481.005
525,947
1850
44,942
655.240
770,947
1855
115.045
651,363
970,890
1858
78,027
Vessels 'built in the U. S. at different periods.
CUSSES OF VESSELS.
DO
t6
S
e
E
1|
i
Tonnage.
'"
S
1
&""
S
ff
'
1
l
1
11
1815
136
226
681
274
1,315
154,624.39
1S20
21
60
301
152
524
47,784.01
1825
56
197
538
168
"36
994
114.997.25
1830
25
56
403
116
37
637
58,094.24
1835
25
50
301
100
30
507
46.238.52
1840
97
109
378
224
64
872
118,309.23
1845
124
87
322
342
163
1,038
146.018.02
1850
247
117
547
290
159
1,360
272,218.54
1855
381
126
605
669
253
2,03 1
583,450.04
1858
122
46
431
400
226
1,225
242,286.69
Statistics of Steamers for 1858.
No. of steamers in-
spected and ap-
proved
Tonnage of steamers
inspected
Pilots originally li-
censed within the
year
Pilots whose licenses
were renewed
Engineers and assist-
ants originally li-
censed within the
year
Engineers and assist-
ants whose licenses
were renewed
Lives lost from acci-
dents during the
year
SECOND
DlST.
N. Y.
124
79,065
21
104
90
302
2
NINTH DISTRICT.
I
47
38,314
40
87
35
87
26
8
5,465
21
18
3,565
13
13
TOTAL.
U.S.
839
325,262
364
1,540
435
1,809
126
8 Statistics of the Coasting Trade of the Port of New York.
YEARS.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
Vessels.
Tons.
Vessels.
Tons.
1849
issn
1,855
1.928
424,976
489.395*
3.994
4.719
895,589
1.020.070
Tonnage of Vessels engaged in the Coasting Trade, June 30, 1858-
District. Tonnage.
Sag Harbor 7,057.94
New York 580,487.32
Champlain 888.02
Oswegatchie 11,866.60
Cape Vincent 1,312.16
Sackets Harbor - 1,321.22
Oswego 46,420.19
Genesee 3,704.31
Niagara 1,272.31
Buffalo Creek 73,478.80
Dunkirk 5,383.50
Total in N. Y 733,192.62
Total in U. S 2,361,595.72
116
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The affairs of commerce relating to police, sanitary, and municipal regulations are governed by
the laws of the State, and their care is intrusted to officers appointed under its authority. These
officers are divided into several classes, each of which has charge of a particular department.
1. The Board of Commissioners of Pilots consists of 5 persons, 3 elected for 2
years by the Chamber of Commerce, and 2 for a like term by the presidents and vice-presidents
of the marine insurance companies of N. Y., composing or representing the Board of Underwriters
in that city. This Board appoints a secretary, has an office, meets once a month or oftener, and
licenses, for such term as it may think proper, as many pilots as may be deemed necessary for the
port of New York. 1
2. The Board of Health of New YorR is composed of the Mayor and Common
Council of the city. 2
3. The Commissioners of Health are composed of the President of the Board of
Aldermen, the Health Officer, the Resident Physician, the Health Commissioner, and the City
Inspector.
4. The Health Officer, appointed by the Governor and Senate, is required to board every
vessel subject to quarantine or visitation, upon its arrival, to ascertain whether infectious diseases
are present, and to obtain, in such case, the facts necessary to determine the period that such
vessel must be detained. 3
5. The Resident Physician for the city and county of New York is appointed by the
Governor and Senate. He is required to visit all sick persons reported to the Board of Health,
or to the Mayor and Commissioners of Health, and to perform such other professional duties as
the Board may require.
6. The Health Commissioner, appointed in like manner, is required to assist the
Resident Physician. 4
7. The Quarantine Hospital is located in the town of Castleton, in Richmond co. ; and
vessels detained on account of infectious diseases are anchored in the adjacent waters, or, in
sickly seasons, in the lower bay. 5
8. Harbor Masters are appointed by the Governor and Senate, for the purpose of assign-
ing piers and other stations for landing and receiving cargoes. 6
9. The Port "Wardens of the Port of IVew York are appointed by the Governor
and Senate, for the purpose of inspecting vessels and the stowage of cargoes and of estimating all
damages to the same. They consist of a Board of 9 members, one of whom must reside in Brook-
Enrolled Tonnage of the U. S. engaged in the Coasting Trade for
different periods.
Years.
Tonnage.
Years.
Tonnage.
Years.
Tonnage.
1815
1820
1825
1830
435,066.87
539.080.46
587,273.07
516,978.18
1835
1840
1845
792,301.20
l,176,G94.4fi
1,190,898.27
1850
1855
1858
1,730,410.84
2,491,108.00
2,3Ul,595.72
In June, 1858, there were, of small vessels under 20 tons
licensed for the coasting trade, 189.21 tons at Sag Harbor and
71.25 tons at Greenport.
1 The licenses thus granted may express different degrees of
qualification, appropriate to different branches of duty, and may
be revoked at pleasure. Candidates must sustain a satisfactory
examination and be found of good character and temperate
habits. They must also give bonds for the faithful discharge of
their duties. The board has power to regulate pilotage; and the
fees of pilots are fixed by law. The masters of vessels of under
300 tons, owned by a citizen of the U. S. and licensed in the
coasting trade, need not employ a pilot unless they prefer. If
the master of a vessel of from 150 to 300 tons, owned and
licensed as above, be desirous of piloting his own vessel, he
may obtain a license from the Commissioners of Pilots for such
purpose. All masters of foreign vessels and vessels from a
foreign port, and all vessels sailing under register by way of
Sandy Hook, are required to take a licensed pilot, or, if they re-
fuee, they must pay the pilotage to the pilot first offering his
services. Pilots licensed by other States have no privileges in
this. Candidates for recommendation as Hellgate pilots must
have served an apprenticeship of 3 years, and until they attain
the age of 21 years, must have served 2 years after as deputy
pilots and sustained repeated examinations before the Board of
Wardens in the presence of at least 2 Hellg.ite pilots.
The first act regulating the pilotage of ^ew York was passed
in 1731 ; and since that period this service has been conducted
under rules and penalties established by the Colony or Slate of
New York. All special laws concerning pilotage by the way
of Sandy Hook were repealed in 1845. The present law was
ansicted in 1853 and amended in 1854-57. The pilots belonging
upon steamboats are licensed by inspectors appointed under the
Treasury Department of the U. S. Those employed in conduct-
ing vessels by way of Sandy Hook are licensed by the Board of
Commissioners of Pilots; and those by way of Hellgate, by the
Governor and Senate, upon recommendation of the Board of
Wardens.
2 Boards of Health are by law created in every city, incor-
porated village, and town, under an act of 1850; but the greater
number of these have never acted officially. In towns the
Supervisor and Justices of the Peace are a Board of Health, and
may appoint a physician as health officer. Revised Statutes, 5th
Edition. II, p. 53.
3 The Heal i h c.fficer resides at quarantine, has general direc-
tion of the location of vessels detained, their purification, and
the dischaige of their cargoes, and other duties connected with
the health of vessels in quarantine. lie is paid by fees, and re-
ports to the .Mayor or Commissioners of Health.
4 This officer receives all moneys applied to the Marine Hos-
pital, and pays all demands against the same that shall have
been approved by a majority of the Commissioners of Health.
He reports his accounts monthly to the Board of Health, gives a
bond of $20.1100 for the faithful discharge of his duties, and re-
ceives a salary of $3,500, to be paid by the Commissioners of
Emigration. The Board of Health may from time to time ap-
point as many visiting, hospital, and consulting physicians as
may be deemed proper, and may also fix their duties and com-
pensation.
5 The Hospital buildings, destroyed Sept. 1-2, 1858, (see page
565,) have been temporarily rebuilt.
The removal of quarantine to some place less dangerous to
the public health has been fully shown to \senecessary ; but the
final disposition of the important question as to whither, is not
settled. The only available place for the construction of build-
ings seem to be upon some of the shoals in the lower bay. Old
Orchard t-hoal, on which the water is from 1 to 3 fathoms deep
at mean low tide, has been proposed for this purpose. The Kast
Bank and Dry Romer Shoals have about the same depth, but
are more exposed to the open sea.
6 There are 9 Harbor Masters in New York, 2 in Brooklyn,
and 1 in Albnny. They enforce the regulations of the citj
authorities relative to clearing docks and preventing nuisances
or obstructions. They are paid by fees and report the amount
thereof annually to the Governor.
COMMERCE.
117
lyn, and 3 must be nautical men. They choose one of their number President, appoint a Secretary,
use a seal, and keep an office. They are exclusive surveyors of vessels damaged or wrecked, or
arriving in distress, and, when called upon, judge of the fitness of vessels to depart upon voyages.
They are also, upon application, required to estimate the value or measurement of vessels when
the same is in dispute or libelled ; and they may examine goods in warehouses that have been
damaged on shipboard. The Board; or some member thereof, must attend all sales of vessels or
their cargoes condemned and in a damaged state ; and such sales by auction must be made under
the direction and by order of the Wardens, and are exempt from auction duties. 1
The Commissioners of Health are authorized to collect of the masters of every vessel entering
the port of New York a certain tax, for the benefit of the Health Office. 2
The Board of Commissioners of Emigration, consisting of the Mayors of New
York and Brooklyn, the President of the German Society and Irish Emigrant Society, and 6 Com-
missioners appointed by the Governor and Senate, have charge of the interests of immigrants
when they first arrive at New York.*
The Marine Court of the City of JVew York has jurisdiction in civil cases arising
between persons engaged in maritime affairs, where the sum in dispute does not exceed $500.*
Canadian Trade. The revenues collected on the Canada frontier, in some periods, have
fallen short of the cost of collecting them. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 admits the greater part
of articles the produce of the U. S. and B. A. into each country respectively free of duty. 8
1 The Wardens are paid by fees and percentages upon sales.
Special Wardens are appointed to reside at quarantine. They
report to the Board of Wardens of N. Y., and have jurisdiction
as wardens over vessels detained in quarantine. The Board
of Port Wardens reports annually to the Comptroller a state-
ment of its receipts and expenses, with an affidavit of each
member and of the Secretary that they have not received
directly or indirectly any moneys except their legal fees.
2 Under an act passed in March, 1801, the amount of this tax
was fixed at $1.50 for every cabin and 75 cts. for every steerage
passenger, mate, and mariner. In 1813 the tax was fixed at
$1.50 for every captain and cabin passenger; $1.00 for every
steerage passenger and mariner of foreign vessels ; and 25 cts.
for master, mate, and sailor of every coasting vessel. The
moneys thus paid, after supporting the Marine Hospital at Quar-
antine and contingencies and yielding $8,000 annually to the
Society for the Reform of Juvenile Delinquents, was invested by
the Comptroller as the "Marine Fund." In 1831 the Board of
Trustees of the Seamen's Fund and Retreat was created, under
whose direction the present establishment known as the "Sea-
men's Retreat," on Staten Island, more particularly described
on page 566, has since been managed. Of the 44,932 admitted
up to Jan. 1, 1859, 80 per cent, were discharged cured, 8 per
cent, were relieved, 3 per cent, were discharged by request, and
4J per cent. died.
3 The master of every vessel bringing passengers from foreign
countries must give a bond of $300, conditioned that such per-
sons shall not become chargeable for support within 5 years.
They may commute this bond by paying $2 upon each passenger,
of which sum y is set apart for the counties other than N.Y.
toward the support of emigrants in the several counties. For
every lunatic, idiot, deaf and dumb, blind, maimed, or infirm
person, and every widow with children, or person over 60 years
of age, and liable to become a public charge, a bond of $500 is
required.
The Commissioners of Emigration have a large establish-
ment on Wards Island for the support of the sick, infirm,
and destitute, and have leased Castle Garden as a general land-
ing place. Emigrants may here purchase tickets for any part
of the Union, and procure such articles as they may stand in
iieed of. without encountering the horde of faithless agents and
mercenary runners that formerly proved the scourge of immigra-
tion and the disgrace of the city. The Marine Hospital at
Quarantine was placed under these Commissioners in 1847. See
pages 116, 427, 565.
* These actions may be for compensation for the performance,
or damages for the violation, of a contract for services on board
a vessel during a voyage performed in whole or in part, or in-
tended to be performed, by the vessel ; or for assault and battery,
false imprisonment, or other injury committed on board a ves-
sel upon the high seas, and not coming within the jurisdiction
of the U. S. District Courts. The Marine Court is held daily,
except on Sundays and holidays; and its Justices, three in num-
ber, are elected for a term of 4 years, and enter upon their
duties on the second Tuesday of May after their election. Their
Clerk is appointed by the Supervisors, and their salary is fixed
by the Common Council and cannot be increased during their
term of office.
The State Government, before the adoption of the Federal
Constitution, had instituted a court of Admiralty: but in 1789
it surrendered these powers to the General Government, and
they have since been exercised by the District Court of the U. S.
Suits for salvage, and other questions arising in the sale of
wrecked property, are decided in this court.
The Governor appoints 15 Wreck Masters in Suffolk, 12 in
Queens. 3 in Kings, 2 in Richmond, and 2 in Westchester coe.
These officers have, with coroners and sheriffs, the custody of
wrecks and property cast ashore by the sea. Such property
belongs to the owners, and may be recovered by paying reason-
able salvage and in due course of law.
6 Imports from Canada duty free far the year ending June 30,
1858.
District. Value.
Champlain $1,499,819
Oswegatchie 934.708
Cape Vincent 1.210,351
Sackets Harbor 2.892
Oswego 1,859,798
Genesee 263,574
Niagara 786,070
Buffalo Creek 1,336,820
New York 624,060
Total in New York 7,918,092
Total in United States 14,752,255
Statistics of the several Collection Districts upon the Canada Frontier for different periods.
COLLECTION DISTRICT.
1830 to 1848, (19 years.)
1848 to 1851, (3 years.)
1851 to 1854, (3 years.)
Cross
Revenue.
Expenses of
Collection.
Gross
Revenue.
Expenses of
Collection.
Grost
Revenue.
Expenses of
Collection.
$192.877.80
63,201.74
21.fi49.98
13.983.04
206,769.84
133,019.97
53.527.07
150.437.60
$130,938.86
116,874.47
78,437.26
106,492.84
157,519.67
80,954.47
117,943.82
197.653.80
$133,326.68
42,842.41
22.410.78
16,603 54
273.173.92
45.324.66
44,076.44
14s.740.03
$22,965.22
16.002.22
14.222.58
27,000.95
38,210.43
13,368.47
21.277.69
49.601.19
$297,601.76
98,754.11
84,577.74
21.204.23
389,711.03
29.430.52
74,641.59
263,222.58
$32,267.44
21,446.80
22,935.52
22.164.23
48,211.98
21,860.28
25,618.04
49.473.89
Sackets Harbor
Oswego
Genesee
Niagara,
Buffalo...
118
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
As the only avenue to the sea which Canada possesses is closed by ice during about five months
in the year, the foreign trade of that country in winter must seek other avenues ; and, from the
acknowledged superiority of New York as a commercial point, a large part of the trade is through
that port. Over half the vessels that arrive in Quebec come in ballast ; while none leave port
without cargoes of timber or other commodities of the country. This renders the outward freights
disproportionately high ; and, although vessels may load in the upper lakes and pass without trans-
shipment down the St. Lawrence, the difference of ocean freights makes it cheaper to send by the
canals to New York.
The number of vessels and amount of tonnage employed upon the great lakes have been
rapidly increasing for the last 10 years. In the several collection districts of this State, the
ratio of increase has been much greater in ports where railroads terminate. 1
1 Arrivals and Tonnage of the several Districts bordering upon Canada during a series of
nine years.
DlSTIUCT.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1
1
|
1
BO
U
a
K
&
Vessels.
00
k
a
689
380
281
279
1,657
215
981
722
107.957
196.915
156,351
153.169
195,793
40.077
173,286
108,337
680
536
318
230
1.599
232
624
654
89.842
250,492
208,186
166,748
21 6,4 14
46.924
220,528
96,290
340
798
197
218
1.731
264
691
759
22,538
341,188
95.548
145,169
234,625
38,903
213,613
106,464
563
1,001
959
139
2,243
295
696
1,037
31,836
701.560
451,587
87.758
274.307
53.660
219,241
149,356
585
482
1,034
77
593
285
584
792
57,721
273,272
471,577
54,670
65,213
51,571
236,051
137,088
Oswegatchie
Sackets Harbor
Genesee
Buffalo Creek
Dunkirk
DISTRICT.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
KO
1
tfi
1
1
eo
1
|
s
Vessels.
Champlain
397
500
1,278
209
1.517
'286
536
816
2
25,129
249,909
557,840
125,496
166,641
85.063
209,646
152,540
476
852
636
1,240
193
1,866
338
563
1,002
54,367
320.834
749,787
135.442
314.657
109,881
166,893
166,020
1,053
644
1,128
174
I.M:.
363
671
837
3
74.710
320,505
661.025
128,685
263,007
116.411
238,019
118,377
300
1,100
398
1,018
110
1,543
208
616
1,153
6
78.256
170,667
555,408
80.417
193.691
57.330
254,195
448.786
1,180
Oswegatchie
Cape Vincent
Oswejjo
Niagara
Buffalo Creek
Dunkirk
Commerce of Canada with the. United States since 1850, as shown
by the Canadian Official Reports.
Commerce of United States with Canada fw a series of years, a.
shown by the P. S. Official Reports.
TEARS.
Value of Exports from
Canada.
Value of Imports into
Canada.
TEARS.
EXPORTS.
IMPORTS.
Foreign.
Domestic.
Total.
In 1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
$4,951,159.58
4,071.544.65
6,284,521.75
10,725.455.15
10,418,880.69
20.002.290.95
20,218,652.66
13.206,436.10
$6,594,860.49
8.365.765.25
8.457.693.27
11,782.147.40
15,533,097.94
20.825,432.44
22.704,509.05
20,224,650.97
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
$3 853.919
5.736.555
9,362.716
11.999,378
6.314,652
4.326,369
4,012,768
$6.655.097
7,404,087
15.204.144
15,806,642
22.714^697
19.936.113
19,638.959
$10.509.016
13,140.642
24,566,860
27.806,020
29,029.349
24,262.482
23,651,727
$6.110.299
7,550.718
8.927.560
15.136.734
21.310,421
22.124,296
15,806,519
Arrivals and Clearances for the several Collection Districts for 1858.
DISTRICT.
NUMBER OF VESSELS.
TONNAGE.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
American.
e
American.
1
s
t
|
i
s
.'a
S
1
American.
8
2>
623
150
439
110
410
31
128
680
1
477
248
579
1,133
177
488
473
5
623
153
434
106
382
39
104
721
2
477
248
579
1,129
175
488
450
3
44.590
119,649
356,972
80.417
60,367
3,207
101,817
369,433
80
33.666
51.018
198,436
44.590
131,727
354,943
75,191
60.999
8,602
77.440
375,432
117
33.666
51,018
198,436
132,055
52,826
152,318
77.449
1.000
133.324
54,123
152.378
79.353
1.100
Buffalo Creek
Dunkirk
The above indicates but a part of the commerce of these dis-
tricts. It is probable that the amount of coasting trade which is
not entered upon the custom house books is much larger in
each district than that here given.
COMMERCE.
119
The canals and rail roads of Canada terminating upon our frontiers are intimately connected
with the commercial prosperity of this State ; and a notice of their extent and capacity is necessary
to a full understanding of our commercial possibilities. 1
Custom Houses have been erected by the General Government at New York, Plattsburgh,
Oswego, and Buffalo ; and a site has been purchased at Ogdensburgh. These edifices are built of
stone, fireproof, and are generally fine specimens of architecture. Efforts have been made to
secure the erection of similar buildings at Rochester, Sackets Harbor, Albany, Brooklyn, and
Sag Harbor, but so far without success. 2
1. The Welland Canal extends from Port Colborno, on Lake
Erie, to Port Dalhousie, on Lake Ontario. It has a feeder branch
to Dunnsville, on Grand River, and another from the feeder to
Port Maitland. It passes sloops, schooners, and propellers of a
capacity of 400 tons. In 1856 its tolls amounted to $261,568.13;
in 1857 to 8232,437.33; and in 1S58 to $207,771.52.
Tlie Rideau Cannl was built as a military work by the Home
Government and transferred some years since to the Province.
It extends from Kingston to Ottawa, most of the way along the
channel of rivers. Its total length is 126 miles. It rises from
Kingston to the summit 165 feet by 13 locks, and descends to
the Ottawa 292 feet by 34 locks. Its total cost was $3,860,000.
The Galiippe. Point fn/r/uois, Rapid Plat, Farrans Paint, Cnrn-
waU, Beauharncris, and Lachine Canals extend around therapiJs
on the St. Lawrence. Steamers usually pass down the rapids, but
must return by the canals and pay toll both ways. Sail vessels
pass both up and down by canal. These canals afford naviga-
tion d<>wu to Montreal, to which point ships come up from the
sea. The total fall by river without locks is 204J feet to Montreal
and 13j feet thence to tide water at Three Rivers. The rapids
of the St. Lawrence have been surveyed with the design of
deepening them to afford a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet
deep, but nothing further has been done. These surveys make
Lake Erie 534J feet above tide.
Chambly Canal extends from the foot of navigation on Lake
Champlain to Chambly Hasin, and with a lock at St. Ours, upon
Richlieu River, completes the line of navigation from the lake
to the St. Lawrence. A ship canal has recently been proposed
between these important navigable waters.
The amount of tonnage on these canals, in which this State
is interested, is very large ; and in the Welland Canal more than
half the duties are paid by American vessels.
Statistics of the Business of the Canadian Canals for two years.
WELLAND CANAL.
ST. LAWRENCE CANAL.
CHAMEIY CANAL.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
276,919
699,637
31,334
52,100
34,716
116,582
200,373
341,225
245,256
655,816
67,476
29,128
137,574
163,217
2S0.546
245,256
131,430
503,106
5,274
33,888
6.380
15,612
213
306
134.382
459,270
4,493
30,366
9,328
3,765
17
30
107,878
21,788
96,868
16,741
725
112,634
21,053
107,925
18,272
156
" down
" down
s. d.
59,408 10 7
6,108 3 11
88 7 6
440 1 3
1,967 4 4
ft. d.
52,239 16 5
5,919 9 7
82 3 2
155
1,504 5 7
s. d.
16,813 13 5
1.978 6 5
638 16 4
910 7 10
1,042 10
s. d.
13,741 10 3
1,898 8 11
579 10 4
203 10 4
1,503 19 10
s. d.
2,467 9 9
432 16 1
6 18 4
s. d.
2,577 6 8
443 19 10
10 11
60 10 4
28 5
fines
" rents
Statistics nf the Canadian Canals.
CANALS.
|f
*s
i
>
Lockages in
feet.
SIZE OF LOCKS.
WIDTH OF
CANAL.
=j e j =Hs
^31 ? S S
si 5 2
i?
ii
|
<
TsT
171
85
75
90
90
90
90
90
150
120
120
60
St. Lawrence Can's.
Welland
.{
21
2*
3
4
in
4
m
24
3
1
1
47
2
1
2
1
7
9
8
9
1
J330 j
8
8
457
8
6
m
4
48
441
74
5
150
200
150
200
134
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
120
200
26i
45
26i
45
33
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
24
45
8*
9
9
5
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
35
45
50
50
50
50
100
80
80
36
Feeder
Broad Creek
Branch
Galoppe
Point Iroquois
Rapid Plat..._.
Farrans
Point
Cornwall
Beauharnois...
'Chambly....
^ St. Ours (lock)
It has been proposed to build a ship canal from Lake Huron
to Lake Ontario at Toronto, by way of Lake Simcoe, 80 mi. A
cutting to allow Lake Simcoe to pass southward would not ex-
ceed 175 ft. in depth : and in the 8 mi. surveyed the principal
obstacles would not average over 40 ft. It has been estimated
that the cost for a canal 120 ft. wide at bottom, and 136 ft. at
surface, 12 ft. deep, with 64 double locks 50 ft. wide, and 250 ft.
long, would be $20,051,000, and that it could be constructed in
6 years.
Great Western Railway of Canada, from Suspension Bridie to
Windsor, 229 mi., and thence by ferry to Detroit, was opened
Jan. 27, 1854. Branches extend from Hamilton to Toronto, 38
mi. ; from Harrisburgh to Gnelph, 23| mi. ; from Preston to
Berlin, 10J- mi, ; and from Kamuka, near London, to Port Sar-
nia, 60 mi.
Buffalo <t Lake Huron Railway extends from Fort Erie, op-
posite Buffalo, to Goderich Harbor, on Lake Huron, 165 mi.
Erie <fc Ontario Railway extends from Chippewa to Niagara,
17 miles.
Welland Railway, from Fort Dalhousie to Port Colborne, 27
mi, is on the eve of completion.
Grand Trunk Railway nf Canada extends from Portland, Me.,
and Quebec to Richmond, and thence to Montreal, Toronto, and
Port Sarnia, at the foot of Lake Huron. More than 700 mi. of
this road are finished. A branch extends from Belleville to
Peterborough. 50 mi , and others are proposed.
Ontario, Simcoe d- Huron Railway extends from Toronto to
Collingwood, on Georgian Bay. 95 mi.
Coburff < Peterborough Railway is 28j mi. long, with privi-
lege of extending to Marmora Iron Works.
Ottawa tt: Prescott Railway extends from Prescott to Ottawa
City, 54 mi.
Montreal & JVew York R. R. extends from Montreal to La-
chine, 8 mi., and thence by ferry, 2 mi., always open, to Caugh-
nawaga, the terminus of a road leading to Plattsburgh, 52 mi.
This line in now united with the Champlain & St. Lawrence R.
R.. from St. Lambert, opposite Montreal, to Rouses Point, 44
mi. ; and the consolidated company is known as the Montreal <
Champlain Rail Road Co.
2 Custom Houses of New York.
C
OST
PLACE.
priation.
Of site.
Total.
New York
$1,068 743
$270 000
$1 105 313 57
Plattsburgh
QQ 900
5 000
86 443 73
Ogdensburgh
118,000
8,000
131 100
12000
11 092 89
Buffalo
290000
40000
191 680 08
Total New York...
$1,707,743
$335,000
$1,504,530.27
Total V. States
$24,104,799
$3,388,827
$10,529,951.72
120
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Marine Hospitals. Since 1778, every American seaman has been taxed 20 cents per
month for a Hospital Fund ; and in return he is entitled in case of sickness to assistance and support
from the revenues thus collected. This fund is in charge of the U. S. Government, and is entirely
independent of the various State and private hospital funds of New York City. 1
Lii^rlit Houses. The United States Government has erected 62 light houses, lighted beacons,
and floating lights within the State of New York, for the benefit of navigation. Of these, 3 are
upon the seacoast, 15 upon Long Island Sound, 4 within the Harbor of New York, 16 upon Hudson
River, 3 upon Lake Champlain, 14 upon Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River, and 7 upon Lake
Erie. The Government has also erected buoys, spindles, beacons, and other signals to indicate
channels or to point out dangerous localities. 2
The site for the New York Custom House was purchased Jan.
9, 1833, the building was completed Feb. 22. 1842 : it is used for
a custom house only. The site for the Plattsburgh Custom
House was purchased Nov. 22. If 56, the building was completed
May 19, 1858 : it is used for a custom house, post office, and
courthouse. The site for the Ogdenshurgh Custom House was
purchased Jan. 20, 1857, the building has not been commenced:
it is designed to be used for a custom house, post office, and
courthouse. The site for the Oswego Custom House was pur-
chased Dec. 15, 1854, the building was completed Sept. 1, 1S58 :
it is used for a custom house and post office. The site for the
Buffalo Custom House was purchased Jan. 26, 1855, the building
was completed July 12, 1858 : it is used for a custom house, post
office, and courthouse.
The Custom House in New York occupied before the present
one was finished was erected in 1816, at a cost of $928.312 96.
In 1850 the only custom house building in the State belonging
to the United States was at New York City. On the 19th of
Feb. 1857. the Federal Government purchased a site for stores
at Atlantic docks, Brooklyn, for $100.000; but as yet no use has
been made of it.
1 The Federal Government has built 34 marine hospitals,
none of which are in this State. Those entitled to aid are
supported in this State in private families or local hospitals.
The number of seamen relieved and supported in the several
collection districts in the year ending June 30, 1858, was
follows :
COLLECTION DIS-
TRICT.
e
Ctischarged.
'S
Total ex-
peitditures.
Hospital
money col-
lected.
$ 19.19
22,485.94
403.81
15.15
$ 289.63
42,576.78
412.60
544.93
253.50
60.70
975.42
9S.OO
92.19
2.320.50
269.88
New York
824
924
...
Sackets Harbor
10
86
12
98
2
142.15
3,632.21
4
76
3
86
1
183.86
3,770.92
Buffalo Creek...
Total New York
Total U. States..
1.000
1,123
3
$30,653.23
$47,894.13
10,703
9,444
381 1 $358,020.53
$161,161.82
Light Houses.
NAME.
Location.
I>iftiincc visible in
nautical miles.
i
i*.
ii
1 S
Color o/ tower.
Height o/ tower
frnm base, in feet.
Height nf light
abme water.
1
S
V
1
1
1
e
V
jfc
Order of lens.
Remarks.
( E. point of S-Branch, 1
\ L. I J
20
12
13
6
12
10
18
10
13
17
10
12
12
15
10
20
15
14
16
15
13
20
10
10
10
10
Flashing...
Fixed
u
White
Red
u
v,
25
56
'27
34
31
30
32
34
50
34
34
42
41
61
150
150
33
46
51
150
32
32
32
37
160
70
74
29
63
34
110
40
67
158
48
62
54
53
66
160
166
59
189
106
89
66
22
38
38
38
42
1795
1848
1806
1855
1827
1839
1857
1837
1823
1798
1857
1S-29
1848
1809
1826
1857
1858
1856
1828
1828
1839
1826
1853
1839
1838
1835
1857
1855
1857
1856
1855
1855
1855
1857
1858
1856
1856
1855
1857
1855
1855
1855
1854
1854
1854
1
6
3
6
4
6
3
4
3
5
4
4
4
6
1
1
3
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
j Fresnel lens ; flash
\ 2 min.
Fog bell. Machine.
Flash 30 sec.
Light on keeper's
house.
f2 reflector lights.
\ Fog bell.
Fog bell. Machine.
Flash 30 sec.
Fog Bell. Machine 7
per min.
First light house
built in 1826.
Fog bell.
On keeper's house.
it a tt
tt u tt
North Dumpling
Little Gulls Island....
Gardners Island
Fishers Island Sound...
(a. side main en-\
\ trance Sound J
tt
Revolving
Fixed
a
2 "
(C
U
cc
Brown
White
u
Red
Straw col..
White
u
K
w. end Plum Island
Entrance Sag Harbor...
X. side of Southold
(Middle ground of)
I Stratford Shoals.. J
Stratford Pt. Vessel...
Oldfield Point ....
Batons Neck
E. of Huntington Bay...
Entrance of harbor
Near Greenwich Point..
Off Sands Point
Great Captains Island
Execution Rocks
Sands Point
tt
It
Revolving
Fixed
U
U
(I
11
U
Brick
E. of Cow Bay
N.E.side of Fort Schuyler
TPonquogue Point}
-< K. of Shinnecook >
( Bav . J
Great West Bay.
Revolving
2 Fixed....
Flashing...
Fixed
u
tt
it
Yellow
White, red.
White
u
tt
U
tt
E. of Fire Island Inlet...
Staten Island, near \
F.lm Tree Station./
s. of Staten Island
Swash Channel Bea-
con.
Off Tompkinsville
Stony Point
f w. side entrance 1
Gees Point, w. side
Opposite Esopus. w. side
!Mud flat. s. of N. en-")
trance creek w. >
of river j
Esopus Meadows
u
It
tc
tt
tt
tt
Saugerties
w. of river, N. ofl
COMMERCE.
121
Lifeboat Stations have also been established by the General Government upon the sea-
coast and great lakes. On the shores of Long Island and the adjacent islands are 30 lifeboat sta-
tions, the first of which were established about 1850. Each of these consists of a house, containing
a lifeboat, boat wagon, life cars, mortar for throwing lines, and every fixture that could be used in
affordino- aid to vessels in distress. The houses are furnished with stoves for warming them when
necessary, and with fuel and matches for kindling a fire on short notice. They are each intrusted
to a local agent, and are under the general care of a superintendent appointed by the Secretary of
the Treasury. Their location is indicated on the map.
Coast Survey. A survey of the coast, with soundings of its adjacent waters, was ordered
by the General Government about 50 years since ; but many years were necessarily employed in
making preliminary arrangements. Active surveys were begun about 1832, and during the
last 15 years they have been prosecuted with great effect. The triangulations of this survey
are conducted with great precision, and extend up all rivers navigable from the sea as far as
tide flows.
Light Houses, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Instance visible in\
nautical milts.
i
1
{*
1!
&
k
&
o
*J
"* "^
~^
II
H'dght of light
above water.
When built.
|
!
e
w
Order of lens.
Remarks.
Catskifl Reach
(Half way Athens)
< and Catskill, E. of >
10
Fixed
White
32
38
1854
6
2tni. N. Hudson, E. side
10
tt
2
38
1851
1854
6
fw. side. Half way|
10
u
tt
?n
35
1854
6
Coxsackie
f w. side. N. end ofl
10
u
tt
32
38
1829
1854
6
On keeper's house.
Stuyvesant
E.side
10
It
tt
K
tt
32
m
38
21
1829
1854
1854
6
fi
u
a
?f>
1857
6
((
tt
2ft
1857
6
w side Mulls Plat
It
tt
ffi
1857
6
tt
tt
20
21
1854
6
Van Wies Point
/ E. of dike below Al- )
(C
u
15
1ft
1854
fi
Split Rock
1 bany. w. side..../
Near Essex
15
u
tt
32
100
1838
1856
4
1?
It
tt
Rfi
5ft
1837
1855
5
tt
1857
4
Building. (1858.)
12
tt
White
?7
30
1834
1855
4
Light on keeper's
12
tt
u
?,5
37
1847
1855
4
house.
Light on keeper's
Sunken Rock
( In front of Alexan- \
9
tt
tt
28
31
1847
1855
6
house.
Near Mullet Creek
q
tt
tt
27
39
1847
1855
6
Light on keeper's
Tibbetts Point
f Entrance of St.Law- }
14
tt
it
47
67
1827
4
house.
Rebuilt 1854.
14
It
tt
51
69
1820
1857
4
Shoal N. w. 1 mi.
Near Sackets Harbor ...
11
tt
tt
34
42
1831
1857
5
Light on keeper's
On Stony Point
11
Revolving.
u
34
39
1837
1857
5
dwelling.
Light on keeper's
x side entrance harbor..
9
Fixed
tt
4fi
49
1838
1855
6
dwelling.
Light on keeper's
14
cc
tt
45
59
1837
1855
4
dwelling.
13
Revolving
tt
50
64
1825
1858
4
Lake coast light.
w. of entrance to river..
14
Fixed
tt
37
81
1822
1855
4
Lake coast and har-
6
it
tt
m
28
1822
1855
6
bor light.
Frame. Harbor light.
Outlet of Niagara River.
14
tt
tt
44
78
1813
1857
4
On mess house. Fort
Black Rock Beacon...
[Near head Niagara)
10
tt
tt
13
25
1853
5
Niagara.
Horse Shoe Reef.
Buffalo
I River f
Entrance Niagara River
14
16
Flashing...
Fixed
tt
tt
50
51
50
65
1856
1828
1857
4
3
Lake coast light.
Cattaraugus
f w. pier. Cattaraugus 1
9
u
tt
35
44
1847
6
Rebuilt 1857.
Dunkirk
Dunkirk Beacon
Harbor
Pier w. side harbor
16
9
14
Flashing..
Fixed
u
tt
tt
tt
50
25
40
87
40
80
1837
1837
1829
1857
1854
1857
3
6
4
Lake coast light.
Harbor light on pier.
Lighted with natural
gas. No harbor at
this place.
Besides the above, there are nine State lights established in 1856 in the marshy "Narrows" at the head of Lake Champlain.
Big Sodus Beacon was destroyed in a gale in 1857.
A flashing light has been authorized at Crown Point.
122
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
There are lifeboats on Lake Ontario at Tibbetts Point, Sandy Creek, Salmon River, Oswego,
Sodas, Genesee River, and Niagara River, which were supplied by the U. S. Government in the
summer of 1854. Several have also been placed on Lake Erie. None of them on the lakes have
been provided with houses, except such as have been erected by the persons having them in
charge.
Immigration into the U. S. for many years past has been very great; but the proportion
landing in New York has been less than the relative amount of trade. Other routes in some
respects afford superior facilities for immigration. The large number of ships arriving in Canada
without cargoes favors immigration to a great extent ; and hundreds of thousands of immigrants
have crossed into this State from Canada without their names ever appearing on the U.-S. Govern-
ment records. These immigrants have consisted chiefly of Irish and Germans ; though there has
also been a large number of English, Scotch, and Norwegians. The greater part of the immi-
grants either locate in the cities or immediately pass on to the wild lands of the. West. The En-
glish and Scotch usually prefer to settle in Canada. 1
Assay Office. By an act of 1853, the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to establish an
assay office at New York, for the special accommodation of the business of the city. At this
place the owners of gold or silver bullion, or of foreign coin, may deposit the same, have its value
ascertained, and certificates issued payable in coin of the same metal as that deposited, either at
the office of the assistant treasurer in New York, or at the Mint in Philadelphia. The metal
assayed may, at the option of the owner, be cast into bars, ingots, or discs, of pure metal, or of
standard fineness, and stamped with a device designating its weight and fineness. This office is
under the general direction of the Director of the Mint, in subordination to the Secretary of the
Treasury. The Assay Office is located on Wall St., adjacent to the Custom House, and is fitted up
with every appliance for carrying on its operations upon a very extensive scale. Its lofty chimney,
emitting dense, orange colored fumes of nitric acid, forms a conspicuous object in the district.
About 50 men are employed upon the premises. Its officers are a superintendent, treasurer, as-
sayer, melter, and refiner, with their assistants and clerks. The site of the Assay Office was
bought Aug. 19, 1853, for 553,000, and the premises were fitted up and completed Oct. 9, 1854,
at a total cost of 761,493.62. 2
Tlie Mail Service of the State of New York forms about 5 per cent, of the whole U. S. in
miles, and 7 per cent, in cost, while the receipts from postage in this State amount to 22 per cent.
1 Passengers arriving by Sea at New York since 1820.
A
'G
A
ft, .
a,
8, .
&*
to
OQ
fiQ
c e*.
C^ tt
C &,
K
&,
1
4l
4
1
H
41
K
4l
1820
3.W4
1830
13748
1840
60,609
1849
213,736
1821
4,038
1831
10.737
1S41
65,885
1850
184,882
1x22
4.116
1832
28,914
1X42
74,014
1851
294,445
1823
4.247
1833
39,440
1843
38.930
1X52
303,153
1824
4,889
1X34
46.053
1844
59,762
1853
294.818
1825
7,662
1S35
32.715
1845
76,514
1854
327,976
1826
6,908
1X36
58,617
1846
98,863
1855
161,490
1827
12.602
1837
51.676
1847
145,830
1856
162,108
1828
19,860
1838
24,935
1848
160,994
1857
203,500
1829
14,814
1839
47,688
Until 1850 these returns were made up to Sept. 30 ; but since
1851 they began upon Jim. 1 each year. The number between
Sept. 30 and Dec. 31, 1 850, not included in the above, was 38,831.
The total number of passengers who arrived in the U. S. from
1820 to 1858 was 4,482,837, of which iiumber 3,028,225 arrived
in New York.
2 The establishment of a mint at New York has been repeat-
edly urged, and the addition of coining machinery to the exist-
ing Assay Office could be made at a moderate exp'ense.
Amounts Assayed at the U. S. Assay Office in New York.
Years.
1854.
1855 .
1856 .
1857 .
Fine
Gold
bars.
. 822
6,182
. 4.727
2230
1858 to June 30 7,052
Value.
$2,888,059.18
20.441,813.63
19,396,046.89
9,335,414.00
21,798.691.04
Fine
Silver
bars.
52
550
894
Value.
$6,792.00
123.317.00
171,961.79
Total 21,013 $73,860,024.74 1,496 $302,071.79
1854
1855
1856
1S57
1858 to June 30..
Total Pieces.
822
6,182
4.799
2.780
7,946
Total Value.
$2,888,059.18
20,441,813.63
19,402,839.52
9,458,721.00
21,970,652.83
Total 22,509 $74,162,096.16
Amounts Deposited.
Gold.
From Oct. 10 to Dec. 31, 1854 $9,260,893.69
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1855 26.687,701.24
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1856 17,803,692.40
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1857 18,997,365.40
Silver.
$76,307.00
350,150.08
474,161.38
1,397,702.99
Total $72,749,652.73 $2.298,331.45
72,749,652.73
Total gold and silver $75,047,974.18
Proportion of the above payable in fine bars $47.817.597.00
" " " coin 27,230,377.18
Total $75,047,974.18
Amounts transmitted to the Mint for Coining.
Gold.
From Oct. 10 to Dec. 31, 1854 $5.142.262.60
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1855 7,722,476.47
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1856 5.797,652.33
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1857 9,307,928.89
Silver.
$41,417.89
71,587.34
412,416.06
1,842,768.71
Total ..$27,970,260.29 $2,368,190.00
Cost of transportation from the Assay Office to the Mint and
return :
On gold, $1 per $1.000 $27,934.17
On silver, $3 per $1,000 7,101.98
Total $34,936.15
COMMERCE.
123
of the whole sum collected, and exceed by over $300,000 per annum the expenses of the establish-
ment within its borders. The total expenses in the U. S. overrun the receipts by about $3,500,000
annually. 1
There were four Distributing Post Offices in New York, Jan. 1, 1859, located respectively at
New York, Albany, Troy, and Buffalo. The Troy post office was discontinued as a distributing
office July 1, 1859.
1 Post Office Summary for the year ending June 30, 1858.
Exchange Offices under the pos
IN THE UNITED STATES.
Black Rock
tal arrangement with Canada.
IN CANADA.
Waterloo.
Toronto, Hamilton, London, and
Queenston, (by through
bags.) Fort Erie, and Ports
Denver, Simcoe, Rowan, Bur-
well, Vienna, and Stanley,
Montreal.
Kingston.
Dundee.
Queenston.
Hemingford.
Brockville.
Prescott.
Kingston. By steamer in sum-
mer.
Montreal, St. Johns.
Coburg. By steamer in sum-
mer.
St. Johns.
Kingston. By steamer in sum-
mer.
Suspension Bridge and Canada;
Route agents.
Montreal ; by through bag.
St. Johns.
Niagara.
! port and country with which
ts.
New
Turk
State.
United
Slates.
Buffalo
Length of routes in miles
13.078
4,961
$109,490
168
$7,298
2,S94
$333,163
5,055
$68,100
$518,060
2,430.792
108,944
3,961,795
1,468.312
7,969,843
828
702
55
11
2
315
260,603
53.700
$1,909,844
17,043
$1^233,916
24,431
$2,828,301
165,429
$1.823,357
$7,795,418
19.555,734
4.569,610
25,763,452
28,876,695
78,765,491
8,296
.7,044
440
28
43
1,464
Transportation in coaches, miles
" " cost
in steamboats, miles
Fort Covington
Lewiston
Mooers
mode not specified, miles
" " " cost...
Ogdensburgh ...
Oswego
Plattsburgh .
" " steamboats ....
" modes not spe-
Rouses Point
" " every method.
Number of mail routes
Suspension Bridge
route agents
Troy
Whitehall
Youngstown
From New York City to ever;
the U. 8. has postal arrangemen
Mail Routes in New York by Railroad and Steamboat.
TERMINI.
Distances.
No. of
trips per
week.
Annual pay.
Total annual
cost.
Number of
Route.
BY RAILROAD. (June 30, 1858.)
New York to Dunkirk
460
19
$92 000
$117 378
1 026
New York to Albany
144
19
32400
44 612
1 002
New York to Chatham Four Corners
130J
6
5,593
8,865
1,003
Brooklyn to Greenport
98
18
8 225
11 147
1 007
Sufferns to Piermont
18
g
772
870
1 026
Newburgh to Chester
19
Q
814
891
1 032
Hudson to West Stockbridge, Mass
35
6
1,750
1,770
1,064
Albany to Buffalo
298
25
51 600
62442
1 073
Albany to Troy
7
13
1 050
1 050
1 074
Albany to Eagle Bridge
33
12
2829
3946
1,075
Troy to North Bennington, Vt
32i
12
3 250
4329
1,082
Troy to Schenectady
22
12
1 650
1 725
1 083
Troy to Saratoga Springs
3281
12
3281
3,942
1084
Eagle Bridge to Rutland, Vt
62i
12
6 250
7 244
1 091
Saratoga Springs to Castleton, Vt
54
12
5400
6567
1 099
Plattsburgh to Canada Line
23
g
986
1 163
1 122
Rouses Point to Ogdensburgh
119
12
9700
11 252
1 123
Watertown to North Potsdam
76
6
3,800
5,505
1,146
Sackets Harbor to Pierrepont Manor
18i
g
792
1 117
1 153
Schenectady to Ballston
16
g
800
950
1 lg4
TJtica to Boonville.
35
12
2625
2886
1 200
Rome to Cape Vincent
97
18
8 329
10 075
1 210
Syracuse to Rochester
104
12
20 800
23099
1 228
Syracuse to Oswego
35i
12
3 043
3463
1 229
Syracuse to Binghamton
80
g
3 429
4952
1 230
Canandaigua to Elmira
i'i"i
12
5 137 i
6524
1 269
Canandaigua to Niagara Falls
97
18
6100
8094
1 270
Rochester to Niagara Falls
75
12
11 400
14 230
1 275
Rochester to Avon
18
g
772
1 030
1 278
Batavia to Attica
11
g
5/iO
650
1 300
Buffalo to Lockport
22
12
1 loo
1 100
1 312
Buffalo to Lewiston
29
12
1 450
1 560
1 313
91
19
6 825
7 657
1 314
Buffalo to State Line
69
19
13 800
17 741
1 315
Corning to Batavia
100
4 286
7 533
1 359
Owego to Ithaca
33
12
1 415
2 313
1 375
BY STEAMBOAT. (Sept. 30, 1858.)
New York to Manhasset
18
OAA
1 004
Albany to New Baltimore
IS
g
485
1 Q7Q
Whitehall to Plattsburgh
OR
11 (for 7
4 fino
1 log
Ithaca to Cayuga
40
mouths)
6
1,713
1,375
124 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Fisheries in New York, although considerable in amount, are quite subordinate to
other branches of industry. The whale fisheries, formerly of great importance, are now chiefly
limited to Sag Harbor, Greenport, and Cold Spring Harbor. 1 The shores and bays of Long Island
support great numbers of fishermen, and the product of their labor chiefly finds a market in New-
York City. 2 The Hudson yields shad, sturgeon, and other fish in great quantities ; 3 and there are
extensive fisheries upon the great lakes, especially near the E. end of Lake Ontario and in the
waters of Chaumont Bay.* The waters of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence formerly
abounded in salmon ; but, from the building of dams and mills, or other causes, the tributaries of
these waters now afford but very small supplies. Trout and other fish highly prized for food
abound in the clear mountain streams of Northern New York. Hundreds of millions of " bony
fish" are taken annually around Long Island for manure; and the manufacture of oil from sharks,
porpoises, and other fish has been at various times carried on with encouraging success. Numerous
special laws have been passed for the preservation of fish in certain waters and at particular sea-
sons ; but this is now made one of the subjects within the legislative jurisdiction of Boards of
Supervisors.
United States Ocean Mail Lines connecting with New York, Sept. 30, 1858.
ROUTES.
Distance
in milei.
|i
H
Annual
Pay.
REMARKS.
r
3,700
2.000
2.000
3,100
3,270
13
24
24
20
13
$60,000
j 290,000
385,000
Postages
Act of June 14, 1858.
(Contract under Acts of 1847
( and 1851.
Contract Act 1847. Now under
Act of June 14, 1858.
Act of June 14, 1858.
N. Y. via Cowes, England, to Havre, France
Comparative Receipts and Expenses of the Post Office in New York and all the Offices in the
United States for the year ending July 30, 1858.
New
York.
United
Stales.
New
York.
United
States.
$285,207.46
90,244.30
2.874.65
1 080 384 98
$882,122.95
593.407.19
28,146.95
5,692,366.63
7,196,043,72
$316,267.39
311.893.98
628.161.37
525.950.00
1.154,111.37
$2.349.260.49
1,104.183.53
3.453.444.02
7.344.619.44
10,798,0fi3.46
Incidental expenses
St ^ r old
Total receipts...
1,458,711.39
Total expenses
1 The right to drift whales was often made a subject of special
reservation or sale by the Indians of Long Island; and the
capture of whales in open boats from the shore has continued
from the first settlement to the present time. Scarcely a year
passes without one or more being taken along the shore of the
island. The whale fisheries from Hudson, Poughkeepsie. and
Newburgh, once large, have ceased altogether. On the 30th of
June, 1858, 5,927.92 tons were employed in the whale fisheries
at Sag Harbor, 1,942.12 tons at Greenport, and 2,136.27 tons at
Cold Spring Harbor. The total of whaling vessels in the U.S. at
the same time was 198,593.51 tons.
2 The wholesale fish mart of N.Y., on the East River, at the
foot of Fulton St., occupies an entire block. The rarer kinds are
oftener sold in the Washington Market. A record kept in 1856
enumerated 79 species, in 56 genera and 20 families, as found ill
these markets, the majority of thorn being marine fish from tho
waters adjoining Long Island and the New England coast. A
few came from the South, and many from the interior lakes and
rivers.
3 It is estimated that $100,000 worth of shad are taken annu-
ally below the Highlands. They are caught in seines nearly as
far up as Albany. About $20,000 worth of sturgeon are sold
annually at the Albany market.
* As many as 10,000 libls. have been taken at Chaumont Bay
in one season, although sometimes no more are taken than
enough to supply the local want. The fish are chiefly lake her-
ring and whitefish. The amount of tonnage invested in this
State in the cod fisheries is quite unimportant, and amounted
in June, 1858, to 131.32 tons at Greeuport, and 159.34 tons at
New York, consisting of licensed vessels under 20 tons.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
IN 1754 King's College was incorporated in N. Y. City by patent, and libe-
rally endowed by a lottery and grants of land. At the commencement
of the Revolution it was the only incorporated educational institution in
the colony. In 1784 its name was changed to Columbia College ; and
in connection with it an extensive scheme of education was devised, in
which the college was to be the center of the t.ystem, and subordinate
branches were to be established in different parts of the State, tb-3
whole to be under the control of a board denominated "Regents of the
University." This board was to consist of the principal State officers,
two persons from each co., and one chosen by each religious denomi-
nation. The number of the Regents was afterward increased by add-
ing 33 others, 20 of whom resided in N. Y. City. This whole scheme
was found to be impracticable ; and by act of April 13, 1787, it was superseded by a system which
has continued without essential change to the present time. 1 By this act the Governor, Lieut.-Gov-
ernor, and 19 persons therein named were constituted
Regents of the University, and required to visit and inspect all colleges and academies,
and report their condition, annually. They might appoint presidents of colleges and principals
of academies for one year, in case of vacancy, and incorporate new colleges and academies, pro-
viding the revenue of the latter should not exceed the value of 4,000 bushels of wheat annually. In
1842 the Secretary of State, and in 1854 the Superintendent of Public Instruction, were made ex
officio members of the Board of Regents. Vacancies are filled by the Legislature in the same manner
that U. S. Senators are appointed; and Regents hold their office during life, unless they resign or
forfeit their place by removal from the State, by accepting the office of trustee in an incorporated
college or academy, or by accepting a civil office the duties of which are incompatible with their
duties as Regents : 2 but the members may be removed by concurrent resolution of the Senate and
Assembly. 3 They receive no pay. Under a special act of 1791, the Regents appoint the faculty
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of N. Y. and confer degrees upon its gradu-
ates.* They confer the honorary degree of M.D. upon four persons annually, upon recommenda-
tion of the State Medical Society, and may grant any honorary degree. They have exercised
this right by conferring the degree of LL.D. upon 12 persons since their first organization. 6
In 1821 they were authorized to incorporate Lancasterian and select schools. 6 In 1844 the Regents
were made trustees of the State Library, and, with the Superintendent of Schools, were charged
with the supervision of the State Normal School. In 1845 they were made trustees of the State
Cabinet of Natural History, and in 1856 were intrusted with what remained of the publication of
the colonial history. Their secretary and the Secretary of State are commissioners to superintend
the completion of the publication of the natural history of the State.
The Regents annually apportion $40,000 of the income of the Literature Fund 7 among academies,
in proportion to the number of students pursuing the classics or the higher English branches;
1 The authorship of this system has been generally ascribed to
Alexander Hamilton, then in the Assembly. The original drafts
of the act. still preserved, and the legislative journals of that
period, show th:it Ezra I'Hommedieu, (hen in the Senate, was
prominently concerned in its passage, if not the original mover.
The bill was introduced in the Senate upon a petition from Clin-
ton Academy, in Suffolk co.
* What these offices are does not appear to have been settled.
On several occasions an appointment to the bench of the Supreme
Court has created a vacancy. Non-attendance at the meetings
of the Board during one year has also been construed to vacate
the seat of a Regent.
* This power has never been exercised by the Legislature.
* A similar power existed with regard to the Western College
of Physicians and Surgeons at Fairfield, during its existence.
6 The honorary degree of M.D. had been conferred upon 120
persons previous to 1859. Resolutions were passed, Oct. 14. 1851,
for conferrins the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of
Literature; but none have been granted.
'This right has been exercised four times, viz.:
Select School at Henrietta, Monroe co., July 2, 1827.
Lewiiton High School Academy, Niagara co., April 16, 1828.
Fabius St-k-rt School, Onnnrlagi co., Feb. 27, 1841.
Hunter Classical School, Greene co., June 23, 1851.
Lancasterian schools were incorporated by special acts, as
follow*" :
Albany, Lancaster School Soc., May 26, 1812.
Catskill, Lancaster School Soc., March 14, 1817. Repealed April
20, 1830.
Hudson, Lancaster Soc., April 15, 1817.
Schenectady, Lancaster School Soc., Nov. 12, 1816.
Poughkeepsie. Lancaster School Soc.
' This fund originated with certain tracts of land reserved for
literature, and was largely increased by four lotteries, granted
April 3, 1801, by which $100,000 were to be raised tor the joint
benefit of academies and common schools, but chiefly for the
latter. In 1816, the avails of the Crumhorn Mountain Tract,
amounting to $10,416, were given from the general fund to aca-
demies and common schools; and in 1819 the arrears of quit-
rents, amounting to $33.380. were also thus eqmlly divided. In
1827, $150,000 was given to this fund by the Legislature; and on
the 17th of April, 183S, the sum of $28,000 was set apart annually,
from the income of the U. S. Deposit Fund, for distribution
among academies. The sum previously applied fur this purpose
was $12,000 annually; and since 1834 a small part of the income,
aside from this, has been applied, from time to time, to the pur-
chase of apparatus.
This fund was managed by the Regents until, by act of Jan.
25, !So2, it was transferred to the Comptroller for investment,
the Legislature appropriating the proceeds annually, and the
Regents designating the scale of apportionment.
The principal of the fund amounted, Sept. 3D, 1858. to $269,952
.12, aside from the U. S. Deposit Fund, and was invested chiefly
in stocks and Comptroller's bonds.
125
126
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
designate such academies as shall receive aid in establishing classes for instructing teachers of
common schools; conduct exchanges of books and documents with other States and countries;
maintain a system of meteorological observations at certain academies ; and make full reports
annually to the Legislature upon the condition of the colleges and academies of the State, the State
Library, and the Cabinet of Natural History.
The officers of the Regents are, a chancellor, vice-chancellor, and secretary. They appoint a
librarian and assistants to the State Library, and a curator to the State Cabinet. Six members
form a quorum for the transaction of business. Their annual meeting is held on the first Thurs-
day of January, in the Senate chamber, and is adjourned for short periods during the session of the
Legislature. Most colleges report annually to the Regents, but are not uniformly subject to visita-
tion, nor do they share in the income of the Literature Fund. They have generally been assisted
by grants of land or money from the State.
Colleges and Academies are entrusted to boards of trustees, who possess the usual
powers of corporations, and usually fill all vacancies occurring in their number. 1 They appoint
professors and instructors, and remove them at pleasure, unless employed by special agreement.
All degrees in colleges, whether honorary or in due course of study, are conferred by the trustees.
By an act passed April 12, 1853, the Regents were required to establish general rules under
which colleges, universities, and academies might claim incorporation, subject to such limitations
and restrictions as might be prescribed by law, or which, by the Regents, might be deemed proper ;
and institutions thus formed should possess, in addition to the powers thus vested in them, the
general powers of a corporation, under the Revised Statutes of this State. The trustees of academies
1 Genesee College. N. Y. Agricultural College, People's College,
University of BuffUlo. and University of the City of N. Y., are
owned by shareholders, who fleet trustees, or officers analogous,
for stated terms. The principal State officers are ex efficio trus-
tees of Union College ; and the Mayor and Recorder of citks
are, in some cases, trustees of medical colleges. The principal
facts concerning colleges and professional schools may be classed
as follows :
Literary and Medical Colleges.
NAME.
Location.
Date of Charter.
Hoic Incor-
porated.
Remark*.
Alfred
Mar. 28, 1857
New York
Oct. 31, 1754
Patent
Prot. E.. 24 trustees. Formerly King's College
Elmira Female College
Elmira
Lima
April 13, 1855
Feb. 27, 1849
Law
Law
Changed from Elmira Collegiate Institute.
M' ih E., 28 to 30 trustees, elected for 5 years by
Clinton
May 26, 1812
Regents
classes.
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Hamilton
Geneva
April 5, 1S24
Regents
Oneida Academy.
Prot. E., 24 trustees. Originally Medical Dep con-
Ingham University
Le Roy
April 3, 1857
Law
nected. Changed from Geneva College, April 10,
1852.
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Ingham
Mar. 26 1846
Law
Collegiate Institute.
N. Y. Central College Assoc.
N. Y. State Agric'l College
McGrawville
Ovid
April 17, 1851
April 15, 1S53
April 12, 1853
Law
Law
Located on a farm. Students not excluded on ac- !
count of sex or color.
10 trustees. In course of erection. See Ovid.
24 trustees In course of erection. Capital, $250 000
St John's College
April 10 1S40
St. Lawrence University...
Canton
Troy
April 3, 1856
April 12, 1855
Law
Universalist, 25 trustees. Theological Department
connected. In course of organization.
Methodist E., 64 trustees. Charter conditioned to
Union College
Schenectady
Feb. 25, 1795
$100.000. which is obtained. Organized.
15 trustees, besides those ex ntficw. Changed from
April 17 1851
Law
Schenectady Academy.
Univ. of the City of N. Y....
University of Rochester
New York
Rochester
Buffalo
April 18, 1831
May 8, 1846
May 11 1846
Law
Law
32 trustees. Medical Department connected.
Bap.. 20 trustees. Theological Depart, connected.
Alhany Medical College 6 ...
College of Pharmacy of City
Albany
Feb. 16,1839
April 25 1831
Law
College of Physicians and
Mar 10 1807
Medical Inst. of Geneva Coll.
Metropolitan Medical Coll.."
New York Medical College,
Univ. of Buffalo, Med. Dep..<*
University of the City of
New York, Med. DepA...
Geneva
New York
New York
Buffalo
New York
April 8, 1835
Mar. 27, 1S57
1S50
May 11, 1846
Feb. 1, 1837
Trusts, of
G. Coll.
Law.
Law
Law
Law.
Mayor and Recorder ex nfficio trustees.
Medical Dep. only one organized. Full univ. charter.
Trustees elected for 6 years. Students and teachers expected
to labor from 10 to 20 hours each week. Located on a farm of
200 acres.
& Mayor and Recorder of Albany ex nfficia trustees. Building
erected for Lancasterian school, "and leased by the city at a
nominal rent.
' A college of similar name, incorp. March 28, 1827, did not
organize. See Regents' Report, 1S5S, p. 168.
* Capital limited to $100,000. Proprietors elect council of 16
for 4 years, besides which each department elects one to the
council to hold at their pleasure.
* The council of the University of the City of New York con-
sists of 32 shareholders elected for 4 years, besides the Mayor of
New York and 4 of the Common Council designated for the
purpose.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
127
possessing a capital stock, may be elected by the proprietors for such terms as shall be fixed. The
capital stock of an academy may not exceed $50,000, and that of a medical college formed under
the general law cannot be less than $50,000, nor more than $200,000. All such charters, except-
ing those containing provisional conditions, are perpetual.
Theological Seminaries in the State of New York."
NAME.
Location.
Denomination.
Date of Estab-
lishment.
Number of
Professors.
Students.
Number
durated.
Volumes in
Library.
New York
Hartwick
Buffalo
Rochester
Fordham
Canton
Hamilton
Auburn
Newburph
New York
P. E.
Lutheran
Lutheran.
Baptist
R. C.
Universalist
Baptist
N. S. Presb.
A. R. Presb.
N. S. Presb.
1817
1816
Nov. 4, 1850
1846
1858
1820
April 14, 1820
1S36
1836
5
2
3
1
3
4
1
5
58
5
36
24
30
11
106
430
52
50
262
580
143
211
11,963
1,250
5,500
7,500
6.000
3.200
18,000
Martin Luther College (Theological Department)
St. Joseph's Theological Seminary
Theological Department Madison University
Theological Seminary of Auburn
Theological Seminary of Associate Reformed Church
Union Theological Seminary
Mostly upon authority of the American Almanac of 1859.
Several of these possess liberal endowments, and defray the per-
eonal expenses of the students attending them. Tuition fees
are, it is believed, in no cases required from those receiving in-
struction. All the above are now in operation.
The following institutions have been projected, but haw not been established, or have ceased
to exist :
NAME.
Date o/ Incorp.
Remarks.
Albany College
Auburn University
Auburn Female University
Broi'k port College
Cityuga College
Central Medical College and Syracuse Medical )
College J
Clinton College, Fairfield
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Wes-\
tern District, Fairfield J
Flushing College
Ithaca College
Kingston College
Medical Department of Columbia College
N. Y. College of Dental Surgery, Syracuse
Richmond College, Richmond co
St. Paul's College, College Point, Flushing. L.I.
Troy Medical College
University of Western \. Y.. Buffalo
Washington College, Richmond co
Westminster College, Buffalo
Feb. 26,1826
Jan. 29, 1852
March 4, 1830
1849
Mar. 25,1816
June 12, 1812
April 10, 1822
1793
April 13. 1852
April 18. 1838
May 9, 1840
April 8. 1836
Jan. 27, T-->7
April 17, 1851
Applications were made for a college in 1795, but refused.
Provisions of charter not complied with.
Never organized.
Never organized.
Applications made Feb. 15, 1802. Refused.
( After a few courses of lectures, these institutions were
\ abandoned.
Conditions not complied with.
f Courses of lectures were held until 1840, the Regents con-
1 ferring the degrees.
Applications refused Feb. 20, 1845.
Conditions not complied with.
Applications refused in 1779, 1804, and 1811.
Disc< intinued in 1814.
Discontinued in a short time.
Never organized.
Closed in a short time.
Application refused, Feb. 16, 1824.
N<-\ r nrgimizcd.
Conditions not complied with.
Nrv. r organized.
Besides these, several institutions bearing the name of col-
leges have been established, but of which no gmt-ml statistics
have been obtained. Among them are the " Martin Luther Col-
lege," at Buffalo, the ' College of St. Francis Xavier." (!!. <'..) in
New York; "Franciscan College and Convent." inaugurated < <
4, 1858, at Allegany, Cattaraugus co.; the "De Veaux College for
Orphan and Destitute Children,'' incorporated April 15. 1853,
and located at Suspension Bridge, Niagara co. ; and the " St.
: oil _" (K. C..) in course of organization, at Troy.
Most of these are unincorporated, none of them possess the right
of granting degrees, and they generally partake more of the
character of academies than of colleges.
Tabular Summary of Colleges as reported Jan. 1859, for the year previous.
NAME.
No. of Professors
mid Tutors.
No. of Students
tlurinij tin- year.
|i
>.l
-^
;=
Vtllnr of coUftje.
buildings and
yroundn.
Tnitiiin unit room
rent received.
S'fdVinV* or' i'ro-
/r\yu/-,s' <intl Tu-
tur-f.
j|
ll
1|
Volumes in
Library.
9
9
12
6
9
7
9
7
7
9
6
9
12
27
4
16
16
8
121
173
153
9G
134
92
119
31
347
38
18
16
99
49
53
297
125
149
56
50
25
15
27
20
23
8
128
9
10
4'
37
6
89
16
22
90.000
114.336
24.500
125.000
35,000
18.700
16,049
70,000
14,000
?
S
$605
635
199
1,735
84
335
$1,120
1,325
160
3,840
132
1,110
6,515
1.464
Free.
2,402
44.150
5,250
8.019
4.595
7,285
Medical Department of University of Buffalo
30.000
50.000
74,200
100.000
70,993
200,000
38,201
1,497
4,000
12,151
11.150
10,835
10,177
12.207
5,360
University of City of New York
University of Rochester
128
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Statistics of Academies from the Regents' Report of 1859.
NAMES.
No. of Teachers.
Whole No. of Students in
attendance during the year.
The No. that pursued
classical studies.
Amount appropriated
from the Literature
Fund.
TOTAI, VALUES.
Total Expenditures.
No. of Volumes in Library.
a
s
c
i
i> ~3
11
t
3
"&>
V
s
s
^
fe
$ a
s?
s
I
1
Academy at Little Falls
3
4
10
13
3
13
7
2
4
5
3
1
2
2
3
7
2
19
10
3
4
6
2
5
6
3
9
3
3
2
14
4
7
6
4
3
131
181
242
200
224
476
168
80
45
99
135
41
226
113
182
351
95
507
159
172
186
145
129
210
107
148
210
90
133
111
433
127
67
394
234
92
110
116
136
133
355
125
67
35
71
95
18
101
33
101
148
71
240
82
69
98
87
59
106
87
76
64
29
98
47
367
70
22
344
161
$178.52
213.44
225.5
263.8
258.5
688.8
234.7
130.2
64.03
137.77
170.7o
34.93
195.98
62.09
194.54
287.68
131.94
461.81
159.11
133.89
190.18
168.81
114.48
203.74
168.81
147.47
124.18
56.26
184.34
91.20
712.12
133.89
42.69
667.40
312.40
$10,200
11.000
90.000
33.347
7,100
17,266
18.500
2,440
9.000
3.100
8.214
2,487
2.900
3,810
6.500
30,000
3,000
69,754
55,000
4.250
5.580
12,500
3,500
15,140
10.000
5.504
13.000
2,950
3.1S3
5.000
35.330
2/00
30,300
5.000
2.800
3,043
26,000
21.000
8.800
2.350
5,000
3.650
9,500
20,200
17,800
3,.<50
2,150
24.000
8.1 :00
10,000
4.500
3,125
$361
310
1,631
1,028
606
680
1,596
275
400
242
332
368
610
197
400
1,022
170
367
360
650
260
690
440
546
3,027
342
223
370
174
182
173
200
1,775
1,000
711
164
1.183
1,053
426
267
558
228
2.604
1,044
655
581
205
152
3:'8
1.251
2.111
214
$584
081
2,917
2,415
350
1,375
1,267
200
405
150
500
289
400
485
438
377
155
1,875
1,742
566
244
1,345
327
600
879
552
762
284
206
151
846
175
475
1,000
500
170
630
395
542
178
478
160
497
1.280
1.062
'223
262
456
415
457
752
168
$1,295
3,116
5,717
6,662
2,139
12,124
10,302
742
674
1,330
1,478
260
1.501
507
1,612
3,204
700
30,453
5.970
1.700
1.284
3,139
1,094
4,078
1,622
1.440
4.768
1.180
1,232
836
13.214
6,059
1.553
3,973
1.752
574
2.286
4.144
1,101
2.308
713
971
2.196
14,307
4.632
649
1,049
3.159
l.T'.T
2.280
2,177
1.198
3.417
1.393
4.603
1,905
3.699
5,434
1.101
1.215
2.631
2449
5.930
611
1,403
443
816
1,502
774
4.9(15
1.813
1.751
7 '.'.'
3 328
1317
2 136
1.530
5,447
1,583
$1,195
2,928
10,062
7,508
2,138
10,989
10,301
712
760
1,319
1,477
260
1,412
514
1,611
3,244
700
30.313
6,078
1,695
1,406
3,189
1,094
4,078
1,665
1,440
4,768
1.196
1,066
776
11,385
6,165
1,553
4.208
1.819
720
8.250
3.975
991
2,440
713
964
1.858
13,024
4,632
641
1,017
4.359
1,819
2,t"45
2.459
1,198
3.339
1.475
4.144
18S5
3923
4 440
702
1215
2,63:1
2.134
4,157
600
1,404
47;i
758
1.330
1..41
4 S52
1.734
1.751
705
3,181
1.317
2K5
1.529
5.447
1.584
444
339
946
1,082
439
737
1,711
305
381
173
249
181
653
178
409
474
126
335
195
391
192
813
293
612
2,345
263
144
250
155
213
281
175
1.257
1.129
668
67
838
1,032
280
201
596
188
2,435
953
436
739
112
208
285
1.196
1.744
189
98
216
2,044
520
1,200
389
228
101
433
1,148
199
355
392!
831
427
1,050
221
164
447
308
1,637
193
405
191
Academy of Dutchess Co
Albany Female Academy
Albion Academy
Alfred Academy
Ball Seminary
Binghamton Academy
Brockport Collegiate Institute
Brookfield Academy
Brooklyn College & Polytech. Inst..
Buffalo Female Academy.
Cambridge Washington Academy...
Canajoharie Academy
Canandaigua Academy
Canton Academy
Cary Collegiate Seminary
Cayuga Academy
Champlain Academy
Cherry Valley Academy
Chester Academy
Cincinnatus Academy
Clarence Academy
Claverack Academy & H. R. Inst...
Clinton Grammar School
Clinton Liberal Institute
Cortland Academy
Cortlandville Academy
Dansville Seminary
Deaf and Dumb Institution.
306
186
205
64
106
53
113
52
308
191
41
105
167
145
148
171
91
99
146
495
104
168
43
46
127
60
156
71
23
106
48
26
93
67
117
88
100
52
216
120
126
119
153
125
593.76
360.91
397.78
124.18
205.69
100.90
219.26
97.02
597.64
370.62
79.56
203.74
324.54
281.36
287.18
331 .81
176.58
192.10
IN :,".'!
960.49
201.80
325.98
83.44
v.-j.;
238.67
116.42
302.70
137.77
36.86
201.80
93.14
50.44
180.46
130.00
213.44
170.75
194.04
100.90
419.12
238.85
244.49
230.90
296.88
242.52
1
Delaware Academy
10
9
3
4
3
3
3
10
11
1
3
7
3
4
4
3
9
4
11
7
5
13
2
4
7
6
7
1
6
225
261
139
230
60
210
103
389
383
56
168
2C4
287
170
2,8]
166
ioa
235
587
210
218
921
103
233
265
340
90
43
135
77
86
193
130
158
88
264
100
345
185
16S
205
216
158
Delaware Literary Institute...
De Kuvter Institute
Dundee Academy
East Bloomtield Academy
Ellington Academy
Erasmus Hall Academy
Fairfield Academy
Falley Seminary
Farmers' Hall Academy
Furt Coving-ton Academy
Furt Plain Seminary and Female
Collegiate Institute
Franklin (Malone) Academy
FninUin < Pnttsburgh) Academy.!
Fredonia Academy ...
Frii'ii'l-hip Academy
Oalway Academy
iti-n"-ee Conference Seminary
''11 \\<-slevan Seminary
8.SOO
27.:.' in
8,581
11,200
10.000
4.500
4,500
17.497
6,800
210
2,366
864
708
1.000
558
240
160
432
550
152
2.319
702
500
516
455
385
168
939
222
Genesee and Wyoming Seminary...
Genesco Acadi-my..
school...
Gilbertsville Academy & Coll. Inst
1 ''.ills .'Vuli-mv.
Gloversville Union Seminary
Gouverneui tt'esleyan -.'miimry
MI ir School Columbia Colie.'e
Grammar Schonl Madison 1'niv
Gramin ir School V V.C'ent. Coll..'.
Granville Academy
250
233
2:.l
441
823
410
1.579
243
177
437
2S3
1,445
240
441
209
250
45
160
625
473
368
2 2
228
200
900
740
1,566
282
366
350
l.i.'"iivill<. Ai-ailcmy.
1
2
3
6
2
4
2
6
3
4
3
8
2
2,900
2.500
5.850
3.775
8.513
7.800
2.900
3.200
12500
4400
11.050
3.000
9.C52
3800
'' t"li \.':i<l.'!iiv ...
Iliiiinltiiri A.-ihl mv
M..III Iti ii i-, ( tl e Si'ininary
Hartwi k .Miiiiry....
H'.H.-y A. ; diuy.
ll:id-i<.i) Ar ,], v
i' ! ' :.,.
Ja iii-8fo\vn Acadrmy
Jefferson County Institute
.Mil stown
V
n Academy
-
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
Statistics of Academies from the Kegents' Report of 1859, continued.
129
NAMES.
|
&
4
IVliolf. No. of Students in
attendance during the. year.
T/ie No. that pursued
classical studies.
Ammmt appropriated
from the Literature
Fund.
TOTAL TAICES.
Total Revenues.
Total Expenditures.
1
No. of Volumes in Lihra/y.
1
?I
2s
>
>
I
fe
1
1
fe-
ll
g
4:
i
3
5
2
9
4
4
4
2
5
2
5
4
5
4
2
7
2
4
7
3
2
11
25
13
378
106
66
209
115
491
267
128
240
99
158
78
171
223
229
'152
77
153
122
98
82
134
61
460
613
114
246
67
461.81
130.00
3,600
4,000
3,700
15,000
1,250
13,000
7,500
15,000
5.055
3.000
11.500
3,750
6,200
14,000
5,500
5.465
6,000
4,350
2,200
227
600
417
567
185
259
860
745
207
410
248
194
350
630
930
158
200
251
362
222
1,467
869
486
350
9,296
228
40
536
400
174
501
2,327
616
931
2,500
350
601
953
1,338
574
645
567
207
315
471
229
351
578
312
301
388
175
203
172
186
160
420
647
283
2,314
210
784
152
192
4.000
351
211
496
184
192
200
262
853
158
240
1,374
163
256
634
731
305
200
524
555
400
164
600
627
403
736
200
592
205
235
326
499
150
300
170
361
193
300
719
553
250
8,988
375
137
250
899
184
579
2,694
306
924
500
600
180
790
1,595
250
446
210
174
201
212
474
150
760
325
175
278
175
155
185
170
174
350
237
837
3,138
187
493
185
186
200
161
400
600
283
210
410
150
558
457
275
903
150
151
369
481
187
2,328
1,294
570
3,176
701
4.459
2,170
1,757
2,482
978
1,546
889
1,839
2,001
2,015
1,369
811
2,359
830
710
7,033
1,639
981
19,939
59,783
13,372
110
487
2,123
1,902
4,686
4.321
2,328
1,294
567
3,058
683
4,522
2,046
1,807
2,471
812
2,503
910
1,967
2,083
1,976
1,368
806
2,443
830
710
6,650
1,256
980
20,473
50,671
10,034
110
440
2,114
1,703
4,449
4,502
231
580
285
520
189
144
1,119
986
177
417
196
186
349
527
852
141
480
216
366
315
1.376
722
447
350
6,528
358
112
262
500
171
1,248
1,946
f35
895
470
402
1,285
1,128
1.094
609
347
184
504
405
146
366
634
376
293
320
200
223
132
171
120
506
678
162
3,032
206
936
180
92
2,904
331
215
293
133
240
160
129
1,268
138
244
1,065
200
266
667
604
373
114
9
181
176
68
179
25
74
49
164
159
142
75
28
60
53
70
59
95
33
226
567
132
219.26
17.46
351.21
279.42
131.94
347.33
48.51
141.65
95.08
318.22
308.52
275.54
145.53
50.45
116.42
102.84
135.83
114.48
182.40
62.09
438.53
1,100.70
256.14
Lockport Union School
Mount Morris Union Free School...
17,000
21,500
7,900
20.000
117.324
19.000
2,400
3,000
8,400
2,900'
11,000
26,000
12,700
20,000
11,000
15,500
5,000
9,350
121.765
12,000
17.000
16,750
4,528
5,200
10.200
5,500
5.400
15.963
2,900
9,028
6.420
9,650
2,610
3,200
6.000
7,850
10.500
4.ino
5.963
7.5110
2.400
10.000
5,000
2.500
41,000
4,000
2.850
3,000
3.300
2,750
3,500
10,000
10,350
37,000
7,575
12,100
4,300
3,550
15,400
10,500
4,581
New Paltz Academy
New York Conference Seminary
North Granville Female Seminary..
1
5
5
3
8
3
13
3
8
4
6
24
5
3
5
1
5
10
4
2
8
1
3
4
5
2
3
4
4
3
3
2
18
2
5
3
3
5
3
3
4
4
5
2
6
5
7
5
21
2
2
9
6
4
60
311
309
161
351
32
222
241
116
258
32.98
430.77
467.64
225.58
500.62
Nunda Literary Institute
Onondao'a Academy
128
121
273
249
300
673
282
101
127
42
408
217
215
43
119
87
170
184
250
91
86
122
96
233
122
201
278
320
293
179
115
206
112
169
193
129
78
1R6
157
161
232
45
319
158
80
220
209
215
110
80
196
109
165
375
134
50
49
14
91
176
160
39
98
24
61
87
158
30
51
62
76
110
77
141
156
61
125
50
87
143
91
123
98
72
62
86
101
112
192
28
212
34
21
143
173
140
211.50
155.23
350.91
211.50
318.22
727.75
225.58
97.02
85.38
27.17
176.58
310.46
310.46
75.67
190.18
38.81
118.36
168.81
291 .56
58.21
9314
120.30
147.47
213.44
149.41
273.60
302.7.0
118.36
23P.73
97.02
168.81
260.51
176.58
238.67
168.81
131.94
102.84
166.87
195.98
217.32
364.79
54.32
411.36
65.97
40.75
277.48
335.69
271.66
4,855
3.784
2,373
2,131
30.574
2,438
2.387
1,225
334
1,996
3,674
1,948
502
4,497
294
2.557
1,263
1,560
375
927
2,224
939
2,060
1,081
1,531
10.397
1,546
2,484
1,117
712
19.278
1,305
1,073
1,879
919
993
1,002
4,045
1,220
2.376
2,4S6
8,743
756
630
3,686
2.778
1,938
4,854
3.625
2,344
2,149
24,474
2,385
2,185
1,735
319
2,053
3.673
1,948
513
4,597
317
2,514
1,263
1,559
435
855
2,224
939
2,131
1,081
1,531
12.272
1,521
1.925
1,347
743
19,532
1,337
1,094
1,863
1,106
971
951
2,108
1.483
2.479
2,409
8.270
1,051
629
3,532
2,414
1,941
Palmyra Classical Union School
Pe p kskill Academy
Perr v Acadetn v
Phipps Union Seminary
Ponghkeepsie Female Academy
Randolph Academy
Rensselaerville Academy
Ricliburgh Academy
Rogersville Union Seminary. .
Rome Academy
Rushford Academy
Rutgers Female Institute
Pag Harbor Institute
St. Lawrence Academy
Sauquoit Academy
Schoharie Academy
Schuylerville Academy
i Seneca Falls Academy. .
Sodus Academy
Starkev Seminary
Susqwhanna Seminary
Troy Academy
Trov Female Seminary
Tnimansburgh Academy
Unadilln Academy
Union Hull Academy
Union Literary Society
Union Village Academy
130
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Statistics of Academies from the Regents' Report of 1859, continued.
NAMES.
No. of Teachers.
WhoU No. of Students in
attendance during the year.
The No. that pursued
classical studies.
Amount appropriated
from the Literature
Fund.
TOTAL VALUES.
Total Revenues.
Total Expenditures.
No of Volumes in Library.
\
1
3.-
*l
^
"a ^
UK)
!?
E
3
fc
S
i
I
<s>
II
IE
7
11
5
3
6
3
3
3
4
16
9
5
3
3
9
3
9
4
2
2
7
188
179
162
198
131
84
150
112
124
777
608
176
92
250
357
187
400
232
59
157
251
159
69
96
110
73
35
137
62
63
512
27
43
47
113
165
77
286
138
36
43
109
308.52
133.89
186.28
213.44
141.65
67.91
265.83
91.20
122.24
993.98
52.39
83.44
91.20
219.26
293.50
149.31
554.95
2-7.77
69.85
83.44
211.50
7,000
23.000
4.000
6.510
3.429
8,440
4.800
5,300
5.000
14.100
6.500
7.354
4.300
4,300
10.000
3.560
12.500
2.685
3.7SO
2.750
10,000
313
189
464
340
409
200
279
150
271
646
435
165
166
540
778
260
1,305
785
488
480
242
760
257
583
190
473
789
461
150
700
947
475
178
168
300
925
503
1,236
546
190
519
358
3,947
3.861
891
2,811
1,899
998
1.396
1,382
1.109
9,192
3,090
1,391
743
1,216
3,142
1.058
3,635
1,210
506
795
3,182
3.944
3,728
890
2,811
1,685
855
1,396
1,320
1,103
9.191
3,372
1,580
738
1,161
3,142
1.040
3.612
1,209
578
840
3,182
169
127
530
423
222
130
231
104
366
549
789
166
112
510
600
220
1,193
790
589
332
296
Wallkill \cademy
Washington Co. Seminary & C. I...
Whitehall Academy
Windsor Academy
Yates Polytechnic Institute
Total
949
35.009
20-S12JS39911.66 $2,009076
$111.438
$101.693 ; $595.125
$582,135
93.959
Academies incorporated since the organization of a State Government in 1777.
NAME.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incnrp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
Academy of the Sacred Heart..
Academic Department of Union
School
Rochester, Monroe co
April 11, 1849
Jan. 11, 1855
April 22, 1855
Feb. 8, 1849
Mar. 4, 1813
Jan. 29, 1828
April 16, 1828
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Sold, fall of 1858.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Packer Inst.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Diss. by act Apr. 21. 1846.
Warsaw, Wyoming co
Adams Collegiate Institute
Addison Academy
Adams, Jefferson co
Addison, Steuben co
Albany Academy
Albany Female Academy
Albany Female Seminary
Albany Pearl Street Academy.
Albion Academy
Albany, Albany co
Feb. 16, 1*21
April 9. 1828
April 23, 1836
May 1. 1837
May 6, 1834
Albany, Albany co
Albany, Albany co
Feb. 27, 1841
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 31. 1S43
Mar. 29, 1836
Feb. 5, 1*39
Feb. 16, 1841
Feb. 1, 1856
May 4. 1841
Feb. 13. 1S44
Feb. 14. 1815
Feb. 11. IMO
Feb. 28, 1842
Jan. 29. Is';!'
Feb. 27, 1841
April 11. 1843
Mar. 21, 1808
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb." 28,' 1842
Aug. 23. 1S42
April 1, 1811
April 16, 1S2S
Feb. 15. 1*42
April 17, 1847
April 7,1854
Jan. 14,1847
Jan. 10. 1850
Oct. 14, 1851
Alexander Classical School
Alfred Academy
Alexander, Genesee co
Alfred, Alle^any co
Amenia Seminary
Amenia. Dutchegs co
Ames Academy
April 22. 1837
Mar. 29, 1839
May 12,1836
Amsterdam Female Seminary..
Angelica Academy
Amsterdam, Montgomery co
Antwerp Liberal Lit. Inst
Argyle Academy
Antwerp. Jefferson co
Aro-vle. Washington ret
Astoria Institute \ Astoria. Queens en .
Auburn Academy
Auburn, Cavuga co
Auburn Female Seminar* . ....
Augusta Academy ....
Auburn, Cayuga co. . .
April 18, 1838
Augusta. Oneida co
Aurora Academy*
April 30, 1833
April 30, 1836
Avon Academy
Ball Seminars
Honsick Falls, Rensselaer co...
Batavia Female Academy
Bedford Academy
Mallston. Saratoga co
Batavin, Genesee co
Mar. 5, 1838
April 8, 1*26
Mar. 8. 1833
Mar. 29, 1841
Bernville Acad. & Fern. Sem...
' Bethany Academy
Bern, Albany co
Binghamton Academy
Binghamton, Broome co....
III' > ming Grove Academy
I'.rid"' -water Academy
Blooming Groye. Oneida co
Bridgewater Oneida co
April 8,1826
Rrnckpiirt Cnll"L'i:ite Institute.
Brookti'-M Ar;nl.-inv
Brockport, Monroe co
Brookfield, Madison co
Brooklyn Coll. & 1'olvtecb.lns.
Brooklyn Coll. Inst. for Young
Ladi"*
Brooklyn. Kings co
April 23, 1829
May 8, 145
April 30, 1839
Brooklyn Female Academy
ItnidTIH- AeadeniV...
Brooklyn, Kings co ...
lirownville Female Seminary...
liutl il" F.-male Academy
Buffalo Female Seminary
Buffalo Literary & Sci. Acad<*..
Brownyille, Jefferson co
Buffalo, Erie co
Buffalo, Erie co
April 23, 1831
April 17, 1827
Buffalo, Erie co
' Jan. 2<i. 1VYJ and .Inly 21, 1853. The Institution had be-
come extinct undT its first charter.
Incorp. as the - Aurora Manual Labor Seminary." Nam'
changed Apul ir>. !-:;>.
e Named from L
] stitution.
d Incorp. as the
i changed.
. Chandler Ball, principal founder of the In-
" Buffalo High School Association." Najje
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
131
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
NAITE.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
Cambridge, Washington co
Mar. 30, 1815
Canajoharie Academy
Canajoharie, Montgomery co
April 13, 1826
Feb. 26, 1828
Canandaigua, Ontario co
Mar. 4, 1795
Canton Academy
Canton, St. Lawrence co
April 24, 1837
Jan. 23, 1840
Carlisle, Schoharie co
Oct. 20, 1853
Caryville, Gcnesee co
May 16, 1845
Mar. 12, 1804
Extinct.
Catskill, Greene co
Mar. 24, 1820
Mar. 23, 1801
Aug. 23, 1842
Charlotteville Seminary
Chtirlotteville, Schoharie co
Jan. 15, 1857
July 9, 1857
Provisional charter.
Cherry Valley, Otsego co
Feb. 8, 1796
Feb. 27, 1844
April 21, 1857
Clarence, Erie co
Oct. 12, 1854
Mar. 17, 1835
Claverack, Columbia co
April 25, 1831
Feb. 5, 1S39
Claverack Acad & Hud R Ins
June 14, 1854
April 26,1834
Feb. 26, 1839
Extinct.
East Hampton, Suffolk co
Nov. 17, 1787
Mar. 28, 1817
Feb. 27, 1826
Clinton, Oneida co
April 29, 1834
Mar. 29, 1836
Feb. 15, 1842
Extinct.
April 7, 1848
Feb. 23, 1849
Collegiate Inst City of N Y
New York City
July 10, 1851
Not organized.
May 2, 1837
Extinct.
Mar. 13, 1797
Extinct.
Cooperstown, Otsego co
April 15, 1822
Cooperstowu Seminary and Fe-
Cooperstown, Otsego co
June 14, 1854
Provisional charter.
Feb. 2, 1819
April 18 1828
Extinct.
Cortlandville, Cortland co
Jan. 31, 1843
May 5, 1837
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 14, 1858
De Lancey Institute
Hampton, Oneida co
April 13, 1842
Feb. 2, 1820
Extinct.
April 23, 1835
Jan. 29, 1839
De Kuyter, Madison co
Mar. 30, 1836
Jan. 30, 1838
Extinct.
Dec. 3, 1847
May 9, 1835
Mar. 22, 1855
May 1, 1837
Pou^hkeepsie, Dutchess co
Feb. 1, 1792
East Bloomfield Academy
East Bloomfield, Ontario co
April 9,1838
Jan. 23, 1840
Eastern Coll Inst City of N Y
May 7 1844
Extinct.
Feb. 11, 1853
Mar. 31, 1840
Oct. 20, 1853
Provisional Charter.
Nov. 17, 1787
May 1, 1834
Mar. 6, 1838
Mar. 15, 1803
May 24, 1836
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 21, 1791
Favetteville, Onondaga co
May 4, 1837
Feb. 5, 1839
April 21, 1857
Provisional Charter.
New York Citv
July 9, 1851
Fishkill Education Society
Fishkill, Dutchess co
May 11,1835
April 16,1827
May 13, 1845
Oct. 11, 1845
Fort Covinjrton Academy .
Fort Covington, Franklin co
April 21, 1831
Fort Plain Seminary and Fe-
Oct. 20, 1853
April 28, 1831
Feb. 23, 1824
Nov. 25,1824
Feb. 23, 1830
Feb. 8, 1849
Gaines Academy
Gaines, Orleans co .-
April 14, 1827
Jan. 26,1830
Extinct.
May 26, 1836
Jan. 29, 1839
Extinct.
Oct. 11, 1845
Oenesee Conference Seminary...
Geneaee Manual Labor Sem c ...
Pike, Wyoming co
April 13, 1832
Feb. 1, 1856
May 11, 1835
Genesee Valley Seminary ..
Jan. 8, 1857
Provisional Charter.
April 30, 1833
Mar. 9, 1836
Merged in Genesce Coll.
Mar. 27, 1845
Mar. 10, 1827
Feb. 7, 1829
Mar. 29, 1813
Merged in Geneva Coll.
Geneva Union School
April 15, 1853
Feb. 4, 1847
Gilliertsville Acad & Coll Inst
Muy 4, 1841
Glens Falls Academy .. . .
Jan. 12, 1842
Gloversville Union Seminary-..
Jan. 11, 1855
Gouverneur Wesleyan Sem/....
Gouverneur, St. Lawrence co
April 5, 1828
Feb. 19, 1829
Tncorp. as "Fulton Female Seminary;" name changed to
"Fulton Academy," April 11,1842; to the " Falley Seminary
of the Black River Conference," April 11, 1849 ; and to the name
given above, March 5, 1857.
' Charter made perpetual June 23, 1851.
See act of March 27, 1834. * See act of March, 1836.
Incorp. as the " Livingston County High School." Name
changed May 13, 1846.
/ Incorp. as the " Gouverneur High School." Name changed
April 24, 1840.
132
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Jhcorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
Grammar School Colum. Coll."
Grammar School Madison Uni.
Grammar School University
April 17, 1S38
June 17, 1853
April 17, 1838
April 16, 1830
Feb. 27, 1841
Feb. 27,1816
Jan. 29, 1839
Feb. 14, 1851
Feb. 23,1824
Jan. 17,1856
Jan. 29, 1793
Extinct.
Sold in 1859.
Merg. in Ham. Coll., 1812.
Extinct.
Now a private institution.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Ingham Univ.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Now a private institution.
Merged in Ing. Coll. Inst.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Private School.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Changed to Munro Coll
Inst.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
New York City
Gram. School of N. Y. Cen. Coll.
McGrawville, Cortland co.
Granville, Washington co
Mar. 31, 1828
April 25, 1831
Greeubush & Schodack Acad...
East Greenbush, Rensselaer co-
Greenville, Greene co
Groton, Tompkins co
May 6, 1S37
Half Moon Saratoga co
Hamilton Female Seminary....
Hamilton Oneida Academy
Harlem Lit. & Sci. Academy...
Jan. 24,1829
Aug. 13, 1816
Oct. 12,1854
Jan. 14,1858
Jan. 29, 1839
Feb. 11,1840
Jan. 23, 1840
Mar. 28, 1850
Feb. 14, 1850
Mar. 3, 1807
HeddiDg Literary Institute
May 2, 1836
Herkimer County Academy
Highland Grove Gymnasium...
April 11, 1831
Mar. 16, 1839
April 24, 1834
Holland Patent, Oneida co
TI i j *if m ? ""j
Hubbards Corners Madison co...
Hudson River Agricult. Sem...
Ingham Collegiate Institute'...
May 6. 1837
April 6, 1852
Mar. 24, 1823
Aprill6.1K36
Nov. 27, 1824
May 25,1836
Jan. 28,1853
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 22.1833
Jan. 30, 1838
Jan. 27, 1794
Oct. 26, 1850
Jan. 12. 1S42
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 19, 1828
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 3, 1795
Feb. 15,1842
Jan. 22,1846
Feb. 8, 1796
Mar. 17, 1854
Feb. 16, 1841
April 16, 1828
Sept. 20, 1849
Ithaca, Tompkins co
Jamestown. Chautauque co
Jefferson, Schoharie co
.Tcff-rson County Institute''
Clifton Park, Saratoga co
April 1, 1850
Jordan, Onondaga co
May 4, 1^35
April 3,1824
Kinderhook, Columbia co
Kingston Academy
Knoxville Academy
La Favette High ^'chool
Kingston. Ulster co
Knox, Albany co
May '9, 1837
April 23, 1836
Lancaster Academy
Lancaster. Erie co
Le Roy Genesee co
I.rv. iston High School Acad....
Lewiston, Niagara co
Lit" rtv. Sullivan co
AprillO. i849
Mar. 27, 1839
Lit. raw A Sci. Inst. of York...
Little Falls, The Academy at...
1 kpiTt Academy
Liickp'irt Union School
Lowville Academy
Oct. 17,1844
Oct. 26.1850
Mar. 21, 1808
Jan. 30, 1R45
Jan. 29, 1839
Lorkport, Niagara co
Lorkport, Ni:ig:ira co
Lowville, Lewis co
May 26, 1841
Mar. 18, 1850
Mar. 29, 1837
April 11, 1842
April 13, 1835
Mar. 15, 1849
Mar. 27, 1839
April 24, 1834
AprillO, 1850
April 20, 1836
April 13, 1826
Manlius. Onondaga co
Mansion Squure Female Sem...
Feb. 5, 1 C 39
April 25. IS.il
IV K 5,1839
Feb. 26, 1828
Jan. 26, 1819
Feb. 16. 1P41
Jan. 21, 1791
April 1, 1S52
Jan. 23, 1840
Feb. 16,1841
Marinn Collegiate Institute
Marian. Wayne CO.
Mavville, fhantauque co
Mexico Academy/.
Mexico, Oswego co
April 25, 1840
Montgomery Academy
Montgomery, Orange co
Monticello Academy
Monticello* Sullivan co
Mount Pleasant Academy
Mount Pleasant Academy
M'lunt Pleasant Female Sem...
Monroe Academy
Mount Pleasant, Westchester co-
Mount Pleasant, M'estchester co..
Mar. 24, 1820
April 3.1S27
May 10, 1836
July 2, 1827
Feb. 7, 1843
April 23, 1839
Feb. 13,1844
Mar. 3, 1806
April 29, 1836.
Oct. 11, 1845.
Sing Sing, Westchester
Henrietta, Monroe co
Monroe Academy
Munro Academy
Nassau Acad' -in v
May 11,1835
New Berlin Academy
Newhurgh Academy
New Paltz Academy
New Paltz Academy
New Paltz, Ulster co
April 12, 1833.
New Paltz, Ulster co
New Rochelle Academy
New Rochelle, Westchester.
Newtown, Queens co
Cazenovia, Madison eo
April 13, 1826
Mar. 15, 1822
May 2, 1834
Newtown Female Academy
New WiiinUtiick Academy
New York Conference Sem
New York Free Academy
Charlotteville, Schoharie co
Oct. 26, 1850
Oct. 31,1849
New York City
May 7, 1847
Sec act of above dnte.
* Changed to the Ingham University, April 3, 1857.
* Entitled to share in Literature Fund, by act of April 17,
1328.
< Incorporated as. the " Black River Literary and Theological
Institute." Name changed May 12, 1846.
' Again incorp. by statute May 7, 1840.
/ Incorp. as the " Rensselaer Oswego Academy." Name
changed May 14, 1845.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
133
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
NAHE.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Semarks.
New York Inst. Deaf & Dumb"
North Granville Female Sem...
North Hebron Institute
North Salem Academy
Norwich Academy
Norwich Union Seminary
Nunda Literary Institute
Ogdeusburgh Academy 4
Olean Academy
Oneida Conference Seminary..
Oneida Inst. of Sci. & Industry
Oneida Seminary
Onondaga Academy
Ontario Female Seminary
Ontario High School
Orleans Academy
Oswegatchie Academy
Oswego Academy
Otsego Academy
Ovid Academy
Owego Academy
Oxford Academy
Oyster Bay Academy
Packer Collegiate Institute
Palmyra Academy
Palmyra High School
Palmyra Classical Union School
Peekskill Academy
Pembroke & Darien Class. Sch.
Penfield Seminary
Perry Academy
Perry Center Institute
Peterboro Academy
Phipps Union Seminary
Piermont Academy
Plattsburgh Academy
Pompey Academy
Poughkeepsie Collegiate School
Pouglikeepsie Female Academy
Poughkeepsie Female Seminary
Prattsville Academy
Preble High School
Princetown Academy....
Prospect Academy
Pulaski Academy
Randolph Acad. Association
Red Creek Academy
Redhook Academy
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst....
Rensselaerville Academy
Rhinebeck Academy
Richburgh Academy
Richmoudville Union Seminary
& Female Collegiate Inst
Ridgebury Academy
Riga Academy
Rochester Collegiate Institute..
Rochester Female Academy
Rochester High School
Rochester Inst. General Educ..
Rochester Inst. Practical Educ.
Rockland County Female Inst.
Rogersville Union Seminary....
Rome Academy
Rome Academy
Royalton Center Academy
Rural Academy
! Rushford Academy
; Rutger's Female Institute 1 *
Rye Academy
Sag Harbor institute
St. Lawrence Academy
St. Paul's College, The Propri-
etors of.
Sand Lake Academy
Saratoga Acad. & Sci. Inst
Saugerties Academy
Sauquoit Academy
Schaghticoke Seminary
Schenectady Academy
Schenectady Lyceum & Acad/..
Schenectady Young Ladies' Sem
Schoharie Academy
New York City
Granville, Washington CO
Hebron, Washington co
North Salem, Westchester co
Norwich, Chenango co.
Norwich, Chenango co
Nunda, Livingston co
Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence co
Olean, Cattaraugus co
Cazenovia, Madison co
Whitesboro". Oneida co
Oneida, Madisou co.
Onondaga, Onondaga co".
Canandaigua, Ontario co
Victor, Ontario co
Orleans, Jefferson co
Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence co-
West Oswego, Oswego co
Cherry Valley, Otsego co
Ovid, Seneca co
Owego, Tioga co
Oxford, Chenango co
Oyster Bay, Queens co
Brooklyn, Kings co
Palmyra, Wayne co
Palmyra, Wayne co
Palmyra, Wayne co
Peekskill, Westchester co
Pembroke, Darien, Genesee co
Penfield, Monroe co
Perry, Wyoming co
Perry Center, Wyoming co
Peterboro, Madison co
Albion, Orleans co '
Piermont, Uockland co
Plattsburgh, Clinton co
Pompey, Onondaga co
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co
Pouijhkeepsie, Dutchess co
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co
Prattsville, Greene co
Preble, Cortland co
Princetown, Schenectady co
Prospect, Oneida co
Pulaski, Oswego co
Randolph, Cattaraugus co
Red Creek, Wayne co
Redhook, Dutchess co
Troy, Rensselaer co
Rensselaerville. Albany co
Rhinebeck, Dutchess co
Richbui-gh, Allegany co
April 15, 1817
Mar. 16, 1837
April 20, 1835
Ap'rii"6,'l825
April 14, 1825
April 6, 1830
April 26, 1833
April 25, 1833
April 13, 1826
Mar. 19, 1853
April 11, 1S42
Mar. 28, 1829
April 7, 1857
April 16, 1838
April 6,1838
April 21, 1828
May 26, 1836
May 10, 1836
Mar. 19,1834
April 24, 1834
June 4, 1853
Mar. 27, 1839
April 23, 1823
May 8, 1837
Pichmondville, Schoharie co,
Minisink, Orange co j AprilSO, 1839
Riga, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co April 21, 1837
Rochester, Monroe co Mar. 15,1827
Rochester, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co
Orangetown, Rockland co..
Rogersville, Steuben co
Rome, Oneida co
Rome, Oneida co
Royalton, Niagara co
Montgomery, Orange co....
Rushtord, Allegany co
New York City
Rye, Westchester co
Sag Harbor, Suffolk co
Potsdam, St. Lawrence co-
Flushing. Queens co
Sand Lake, Rensselaer CO
Saratoga Springs
Saugerties, Ulster co
Sauquoit, Oneida co
Schaghticoke, Hensselaer co.
Schenectady, Schenectady co
Srhenectady, Schenectady co
Schenectady, Schenectady co
Schoharie, Schoharie co
April 19, 1828
April 14, 1832
April 28, 1835
Jan. 28, 1848
April 9, 1839
April 10, 1838
April 13, 1826
May 9, 1840
April 28, 1835
May 4, 1836
Mar. 21, 1837
Mar. 22, 1837
April 28, 1837
Feb. 10, 1854
Mar. 17, 1854
Feb. 19,1790
Feb. 14, 1843
Jan. 30, 1845
Feb. 5, 1839
April 11, 1853
Jan. 29, 1828
Mar. 24, 1829
July 9, 1857
April 10, 1813
Jan. 29,1828
Feb. 5, 1851
Feb. 8, 1796
Jan. 26, 1830
April 16, 1828
Jan. 27, 1794
Mar. 15, 1803
Jan. 11, 1855
July 2, 1833
Feb. 5, 1839
Oct. 8, 1857
April 7, 1854
Jan. 31, 1843
Jan. 23, 1853
Feb. 11, 1840
Mar. 15, 1842
Mar. 4, 1829
Mar. 11, 1811
Feb. 9, 1839
Feb. 28, 1837
Jan. 31, 1850
Oct. 20, 1853
Jan. 24,1851
Jan. 24,1851
Feb. 5, 1846
Feb. 23, 1829
Feb. 5, 1846
Jan. 30, 1845
Feb. 23,1841
April 12, 1850
Feb. 10,1854
Feb. 11, 1840
May 11, 1846
Feb. 26, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
April 19, 1831
Oct. 12, 1855
Jan. 28, 1853
Mar. 15, 1849
April 1, 1852
Mar. 4, 1852
Jan. 23, 1840
Jan. 20,1848
Mar. 25, 1816
Feb. 19, 1846
April 7, 1854
April 6, 1849
Jan. 29, 1793
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Extinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Became private inst. 1855.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Rochester Col-
legiate Institute.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Union Coll. 1795
Extinct.
Entitled to a share of the Literature Fund by act of April
15, 1830.
6 Merged in the Public School System of Ogdensburgh by
act of April 13, 1857.
Incoro. as the "Seminary of the Genesee Conference ;" name
changed to " Seminary of Genesee and Oneida Conference"
March 24, 1829, and to tlie present name May 8, 1835.
^Charter amended March 16, 1858.
Revived by act of April 17. 1818. See also act of April 25,1831.
/Allowed to educate females by act of March 28, 1839.
134
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Incnrp. by
Legislature.
In corp. by
Regents.
Jf?emarAs.
" A
Schuylerville, Saratoga co
Whitesboro'. Oneida co
April 17, 1S26
April 27, 1837
April 5,1839
Jan. 23,1840
Jan. 9, 1S29
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 11, 1840
Jan. 23,1840
Jan. 11, 1855
Dec. 3, 1847
Jan. 21), 1830
Feb. 4, 1848
Feb. 25, 1848
Jan. 29,1828
Jan. 29,1839
Feb. 25, 1848
Mar. 31,1831
April 7, 1854
Feb. 5, 1S39
April 8, 1858
Feb. 5, 1829
Jan. 30,1838
July 6, 1854
Extinct.
Sxtinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Extinct.
Kxtinct.
E-'xtinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Merged in Public SchooU.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Union School.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Scientific & Military Academy
of \\V~fni District
Seneca Falls Acailomy
Sewiird Female Seminary of
Rochester
Seneca Falls, Seneca co
Rochester, Monroe co
rburne Academy
Skanrati-les Academy
Skaneateles. Onondaga co
April 14, 1829
Sodus Academy
Suuthfld Suffolk co
April 21, 1837
May 13, 1845
Mar. 19, 1827
May 7, 1847
Southold Academy
Spcncertown, Columbia co
Spencertown Academy
Springville, Erie co
S S. Sewiird Institute
Florida, Orange co ,
Starkey Seminary
Stenben Academy
Starkey, Yates co
Steuben, Oneida co
Stillwater, Saratoga co
April 17, 1S26
Still water Seminary
Sullivan County Academy
Stillwater, Saratoga co..
April 5,1828
Susquehanna Seminary
Syracuse, Onondnga co
April 2S, 1:;;,
Ticonderoga Academy
Troy Academy
Troy, Rensstlaer co
May 5, l-:;4
April 13, 1839
May 6, 1837
Troy Episcopal Institute
Trumansliurgh Academy
April 30, 1839
Turin Academy
April 1. 1WJ
Mar. 31. 17'J5
Jan. 11, 1S55
Feb. 29, 1792
Jan. 5, ISoO
Jan. 23, 1840
Mar. 14,1814
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Unadilla Academy
Stone Arabia, Montgomery co
Union Hall
Jamaica, Queens co
Belleville Jefferson co
April 13," 1826
Utica, Oneida co
May 2t>, 1^!
April28, l*:;7
April 18, 1S3S
May 21, Ibo6
May 4. 1839
May 2(5, 1841
May 12, 1841
Victory, Cayuga co
Wallabout Select Gram. School
of the 7th Ward in the City
Wallkih Orange co
Feb. 13, 1842
Feb. ID, 1854
April 19, 1843
Jan. 27,1854
Jan. 11, 1855
Mar. 17,1854
Feb. 15, 1791
Mar. 25, 1811
July 6, 1854
Feb. 5, 1839
Mar. 19,1819
Aug. 23, 1842
Oct. 11,1855
Jan. 21, 1858
Feb. 5. 1839
Mar. 22, 1855
Jan. 30, 1840
Feb. 14, 1851
Walton Academy
Walton, Delaware co
Warnerville Union Seminary
Warnerville, Scboharie co
Warsaw Union School
Warsaw, Wyoming co
''^ '! n - n . oa . ^
Washington County Seminary
April 28, 1834
Aprii 11,1842
Water ford Female Academy....
Waterford, Saratoga co
May 2, 1835
Waverlv, Tioga co
April 18, 1838
May 5, 1837
Weatfield, Chuutauque co
Wi-st Ik-brun Classical School..
Wosttown Academy
Westtown, Orange co
April 18, 1839
Whitehall Academy
Whitehall, Washington co
April 20, 1839
Oct. 27,1848
Jan. 26, 1830
Mar. 23,1813
Mar. 27, 1845
Feb. 19, 1846
White I'lains, Westchester co
April 19, 1828
Whitesboro' Academy
Wilson Collegiate Institute
Windsor Academv
Wilson, Niagara co
May 16, 1837
Windsor Academy
Windsor, Broome co
Mar. 15, 1849
Aug. 23, 1842
Jan. 25,1830
April 11, 1853
Yatrs Ac;idomy
Yatcs Center, Orleans co
Yates County Academy & Fe-
male Seminary
April 17, 1828
Yates Polytechnic Institute
Chittenango, Madison co
Charter repealed Feb. 19, 1841. Merged in Black River Literary and Religious Institute.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
AMPLE provisions have been made by the State for the estciblish-
ment and support of public schools throughout its borders. To
this end the whole inhabited portions of the State have been divided
into convenient districts, in each of which a school is taught some
portion of the year and is open to all and within the reach of all.
These schools are supported in part by money derived from the
State, in part by a rate bill collected from parents of children
attending school, and in part by a tax upon the property of the
district. 1
School Districts are formed and altered by school com-
missioners. These districts are so formed as to best accommodate
all the inhabitants of the various localities and at the same tim e
secure efficiency in school organizations. Each district has a schoolhouse and a library. Its
monetary affairs are arranged, and its officers elected, at annual meetings of all the taxable in-
habitants. Its officers are trustees, a clerk, a collector, and a librarian. 2
School Commissioners are elected in each of the Assembly districts of the State outside
of the cities, and have the general supervision of schools. They examine and license teachers,
visit the schools, and in every possible way endeavor to advance the general interests of education.
They report annually to the State department of education.
The State Superintendent of Public Instruction is the administrative officer
of the school department. He has an office in the State Hall at Albany, and has a deputy and
the necessary number of clerks. He hears and decides appeals from the school officers and Com-
missioners, and has the general supervision of the common schools, Indian schools, the Institution
for the Deaf and Dumb, and all similar institutions in the State. He is ex (fficio a member of the
Board of Regents of the University, is chairman of the Executive Committee of the Normal
School, and a trustee of' the State Asylum for Idiots. He also apportions the school fund among
the several counties and districts as the law directs.
The school fund of the State, derived from a variety of sources, in 1859 yielded a revenue of
$264,500. 3 This sum, and the amount derived from the f mill tax, is divided among the schools
as follows: One-third is divided among the districts in proportion to the number of teachers
employed, and the remaining two-thirds are distributed to the several counties in proportion to
their population, and thence distributed to the districts in proportion to the number of children
between the ages of 4 and 21.
District Libraries were established in 1838 ; and from that period to 1851, with few inter-
missions, the sum of $55,000 was annually appropriated for the purchase of books.* These
i InlSS'J the amount divided by the State among the several
distri'-ts was fl.:jin.tjn7.18. Of this sum $1,052,107 .!> a- de-
rived from the 5 mill .State tax, and $261,500 from the interestof
the common school fund.
A record is kept of the attendance of each pupil, and the
amount due for teachers' wages above that received from the
State is assessed in proportion to this attendance. Cost of
fuel, repairs, and the amount of rate bills abated to indigent
parents are met by a tax upon the property of the district.
- District MI flings decide upon questions of building and re-
pairing sc.honlhouses. furnishing them, providing fuel and facili-
ties for teaching, within the limits of the law. The annual
meetings for the election of officers are held on the second Tuesday
of Oct. throughout the State. The, Board of Trustees, consisting
of 1 or 3 at the option of the district, constitute the executive
officers of the district. T/ie Trustees engage teachers, properly
fiirni-h Hi' 1 sch'iolhouse, provide fuel, and execute the wishes of
the district as expressed in the district meetings. They have
also the care of the district library. The Clerk preserres the
records of the district and calls district meetings.
3 The school fund was chiefly derived from the following
sources :
1799, Seven-eighths of four lotteries of $100,000, aggre-
gate $ 87,500
1801, One-half of lotteries of $100.000. aggregate 50.000
1805, Proceeds of .SOO.OOO acres of land sold.
' Stock subscribed in Merchants' Bank, and in-
creased in 1807 and '08.
1S16, One-half of the proceeds of the Crumhorn Moun-
tain Tract of 6,944s acres, amounting to 5,208
1819, One-half of the arrears of qnitrents $26,690
' An exchange of securities between general and
common school fund, by which the school fund
linined ." 161,641
" Proceeds of escheated lands in .Military Tract given.
1S22, By the Constitution, all public lands, amounting to
9yl.b'59 acres, were given to tin- school fund.
1827, Balance of loan of 17.Su. amounting to 33,616
" Bank stock owned by the State 100.000
" Canal ' " 150,000
1838, From the revenue of the United States deposit
fund, annually 110,000
An additional sum from the same fund for libraries 55,000
The sum of 25.000 from the revenues of the United States
deposit fund is annually added to the capital of the common
school fund; and the capital of this fund is declared by theCou-
stitution to be inviolate.
In directing the sale of the public lands, the State reserved
certain lots in the 10 Towns of St. Lawrence co. and in the Che-
nango 20 Townships, for gospel and school purposes. The pro-
ceeds from the sales of these lands have formed a local fund for
the benefit of the towns in which they lie. Many other towua
have small funds, derived from tines and penalties, applicable to
schools. See p. 47.
4 The following directions are given in the selection of books :
"1. No works written prolessedly to uphold or attack any
sect or creed in our country claiming to be a religious one shall
be tolerated in the school libraries.
"2. Standard works on other topics shall not be excluded
135
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
1 *}fi
8, free to every person in the district, generally comprise books on scientific and literary
Iibrarie 3 ' and a ff or ding means of information which would otherwise be unattainable.
subject^ state Normal School was established in 1844, for the instruction and practice of
The s of common schools in the science of education and the art of teaching.^ It is supported
teacher annual appropriation from the literature fund, and is under the immediate charge of an
ty an 've committee appointed by the Regents of the University. Each county in the State is
exeeutij to gend twice ag ma ny pupils to the school as it sends members to the Assembly. The
entitlec receive tu i t ; on an d the use of textbooks free, and also receive a small amount of mileage,
pupils 10 ol is located at the corner of Howard and Lodge Streets, Albany. 1
Thescl law makeg prov i s ;on for the establishment of Union Free Schools wherever the
The ants may desire it, and for the formation of Colored Schools in districts where the
inhabit^ of co i ore d children is offensive to a majority of the people of the district. 2
presen<j Qug to tne R evo i u tion no general system of education was established. All the schools
Prev ad been founded were of a private character or the result of special legislation. The
that h^. an( j i m p 0r tance of common schools had not been recognized, and education was princi-
necessij[j nfine( j to the wea ithier classes. At the first meeting of the State Legislature, in 1787,
pally c<i n to n called the attention of that body to the subject of education, and a law was passed
Gov.^Cl ng for the a pp i n t m ent of the Regents of the University. In 1789 an act was passed appro-
prpvidi* certain portions of the public lands for gospel and school purposes. In 1793 the Regents
pnatm^ re p 0r t recommended the establishment of a general system of common schools ; and in
in thei Qv Qij n t on ; n n ; 8 message to the Legislature strongly urged the same. 3 On the 9th of
1795 Gf tnat year a law was passed " for the purpose of encouraging and maintaining schools in
April o, era i C ;ti e8 an( j towns in this State, in which the children of the inhabitants of the State
the se\ e j ns t rue ted in the English language, or be taught English grammar, arithmetic, mathe-
shall jj an( j gucn O t ne r branches of knowledge as are most useful and necessary to complete a good
matics^ eauca tion." By this act the sum of 20,000, or $50,000, was annually appropriated for
En S llsl j for the support of these schools. 4
5 vears |3 enenc i a i result of this system, imperfect as it was, became at once apparent ; and from time
. : measures were taken to increase the funds and to improve the system. 5 The successive
ne iors nearly all strongly recommended the passage of new laws for the encouragement and
n t of schools; 6 but nothing definite was accomplished until 1811, when 5 commissioners were
Gover^
suppor_
they incidentally and indirectly betray the religious
because of their authors.
opinions orks, avowedly on other topics, which abound in direct
"3. W;served attacks on, or defense of, the character of any
and mire sect, or those which hold up any religious body tocon-
relinious execration by singling out or bringing together only
tempt orer parts of its history or character, shall be excluded
the dark school libraries. In the selection of books for a dis-
from therary, information, and not mere amusement, is to lie
trict lib as the primary object. Suitable provision should,
regarded be made for the intellectual wants of the young, by
howeverng them with books which, without being merely
furuishiiin their character, may be level to their comprehension
juvenile iciently entertaining to excite and gratify a taste for
and suff It is useless to buy books which are not read." Code
reading.c Inst., 1856. p. 326.
of Public are admitted at 18 and females at 16 years of age;
1 Malm entering each one is required to sign a pledge that
and upods to become a teacher. The number of graduates Tip
he intenlose of the thirteenth year, 1856-57. was 999, anil the
to the cof pupils at that time was 223. The school for several
numbercupied the building near the head of State Street, now
years ocis "Van Vechten Hall." In 184S the present building
known icted, at a cost of $25.000. The experimental school
was ere by the graduating class numbers somewhat over 100
tauLrht These pay tuition, and are elected or appointed by the
pupils, ve Committee.
Executi'T the Union Free School law a large number of schools
2 Und'en established in different parts of the State. These
have bfarc supported by a direct tax upon the property of the
' ls : ""I the rate bill system is discarded. Free schools are
district-hed in all the cities and in most of the larger villages in
lisle by special laws. In most cases the free schools are
tli.< stai.'iid mmprise 3 or 4 distinct departments, furnishing
graded, ;ioii from the primary to a full academic course. Bein-
iii-tmcl free and within the reach of all, they afford to every
entirelyegardless of his position in life, an opportunity to secure
child, rug* English education. These free schools rank amon<*
a th irot public schools in the country; and they have thus far
the besniperior to those in which the rate bill system is retained
proved aia message Governor Clinton uses the following lan-
- 1-" While it is evident that the general establishment
cral endowment of academies are highly to be corn-
arid lib and are attended with the most beneficial consequences
mended
yet it cannot be denied that they are principally confined to the
children of the opulent, and that a great portion of the commu-
nity is excluded from their immediate advantages. The esta-
blishment of common schools throughout the .^tate is happily
calculated to remedy this inconvenience, and will therefore en-
gage your early and decided consideration."
4 The principal features of the system inaugurated by this act
were as follows :
1. The pxiblic money was to be appropriated to the several
counties in the proportion of their representation in the Legis-
lature, and to the towns in proportion to the number of taxable
inhabitants in each.
2. The Hoards of Supervisors were required to raise by tax
one-half as much as they received from the State.
3. Each town was to elect not less than 3 nor more than 7
commissioners, to take general charge of the schools, to examine
teachers, and to apportion the public moneys iu the several dis-
tricts.
4. The people in each district were authorized to elect - .ir
more trustees, to employ teachers, and to attend to the spr, ; ,|
interests of the school.
5. The public money was to be divided among the various
districts In proportion to tiie number of days' instruction given
in each.
6. Annual reports were to be made from the districts, towns,
and counties.
The returns of 1798 show a total of 1,352 schools organized
and 59,660 children taught.
5 An act was passed iu 1799 authorizing the raising of $100,000
by 4 lotteries. $s7.500 of which was appropriated for the support
of common schools. In 1801 $100.000 more was raised by lottery
for school purposes, of which sum 50.000 was devoted to com-
mon schools. In 1SOO a bill appropriating 50.000 to the sup-
port of common schools passed the Assembly, but was defeated
in the Senate.
6 Crov. .lay. in 1SOO, Gov. Geo. Clinton, in 1802. Gov. Lewis, iu
1804 and '05, and Gov. Tompkins, in several successive years,
urged upon the Legislature the necessity of revising thr .-, 1 l
laws and of making more liberal appropriations fur the support
of schools. Several bills were introduced into the Legislature:
but they were all defeated in either the S-nate or Assembly. In
the meantime the school moneys gradually increased, and weio
funded by the Comptroller, laying the foundation of the present
large school fund.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
137
appointed to report a complete system for the organization and establishment of common schools.
The commissioners made a report, accompanied by a draft of a bill, Feb. 14, 1812. The report was
accepted by the Legislature, and the bill became a law. 1 Under this act, Gideon Hawley was ap-
pointed Superintendent, and continued in office from 1813 to 1821. The great success which this
system met with, and the firm hold which it speedily attained, is mainly due to the administrative
abilities and indefatigable exertions of Mr. Hawley. Several important changes were made in the
law during his administration, all of which tended greatly to improve the schools. In 1821 the
office of State Superintendent was abolished, and the superintendence of schools was made an ap-
pendage to the department of Secretary of State. Every successive year the Governor and Secre-
tary of State urged upon the Legislature the necessity of systematizing the schools and of
correcting obvious defects in the existing laws. 2 In 1835 a law was passed providing for the esta-
blishment of teachers' departments in 8 academies, 1 in each of the Senatorial Districts of the State. 3
In 1838 the District Library system was established by law ;* and in 1841 the office of Deputy Su-
perintendent was created. 5 In 1843 the Board of Town Inspectors and School Commissioners was
abolished and the office of Town Superintendent was substituted. May 7, 1844, an act was passed
for the establishment of a State Normal School; and the school was opened at Albany on the 18th
of Dec. following. 6
On the 13th of Nov. 1847, the Legislature abolished the office of County Superintendent, al-
though the act was strongly resisted by many of the best friends of education in the State. 7 During
the same session Teachers' Institutes, which had existed for several years as voluntary associa-
tions, were legally established. 8
On the 26th of March, 1849, an act was passed establishing free schools throughout the State.
By the conditions of this act the rate bill system was abolished, and the whole expense of the
schools beyond the State appropriation was made a tax upon the property of the district. This act
was submitted to a vote of the people and was sustained by a majority of 3 to 1. In consequence
of the inequality of the laws in regard to taxes, it was found that the Free School system did not
work well in practice. Remonstrances poured in upon the next Legislature from all parts of the
I These commissioners, appointed by GOT. Tompkins, were
Jedediah Peck. John Murray, jr., Samuel Russel, Roger Skin-
ner, and Samuel Macomb. The principal features of this bill
were,
1. $50,000 was annually to be divided among the counties of
the State.
2. The Boards of Supervisors were obliged to raise an equal
sum, to be distributed among the towns and districts.
3. Three commissioners were to be appointed in each town to
superintend the schools and examine teachers.
4. Three trustees were to be elected in each district to engage
teachers and otherwise provide for the local necessities of the
school.
5. The whole S3 r stem was to be placed under the charge of a
State Superintendent.
a In 1S12 the office of School Commissioner was created, and
from 3 to 6 school inspectors were annually elected in each
town, with the same powers and duties as school commission-
ers. Bills were introduced from time to time to place the whole
system apain under the charge of a distinctive officer, to pro-
vide for more efficient supervision of schools, to secure more
competent teachers, and to establish a seminary for the instruc-
tion of teachers; but they all failed of receiving the necessary
support. In 182S the number of inspectors was reduced to 3.
The laws that were passed corrected the most obvious abuses ;
but no great step was taken in advance until 1838.
^ Erasmus Hall Academy in Kings CO., Montgomery Aca-
demy, Orange co., Kinderhook, St. Lawrence, Fail-field, Oxford,
Canandaigua, and Middlebury Academies, were the institutions
in which this department was established.
< On the 13th of April of this year, the foundations of the
District School Library were laid by "an act authorizing the
taxable inhabitants of the several school districts to impose a
tax not exceeding $20 for the first year and $10 for each suc-
ceeding year, tor the purchase of a district library, consisting
of such books as they shall in their district meeting direct.' 1
This bill was ably advocated in the Senate by Col. Young, of Sa-
ratoga, and the Hon. Levi Beardsley, of Otsego; and its friends
were indebted for its success to the untiring exertions and ex-
ti nsive influence of James Wadsworth. of Geneseo. By act ot
.hi'y 9, 1851, the law was modified, giving to supervisors of
towns a discretionary power of levying a tax for library pur-
poses.
In 1838 an act was passed requiring $55,000 of the school
moneys to be distributed among the school districts and ex-
pended by the trustees in the purchase of suitable books for
district libraries, anl the residue for the payment of the wages
of duly qualified teachers. An equal amount was also required
to be raised by taxation on the several counties and towns and
applied to tb same purposes.
The first definite proposition to establish district libraries
was made by A. C. llagg, in his report ot I^IJU.
6 In 1839, John C. Spuncer, Superintendent of Schools, recom-
mended a plan of cuuuiy supervision, which wa.s urged upon
the department and the Legislature; and under the suong re-
commendation of the Superintendent, backed by the exertions
of several ot the most eminent friends of popular education,
among whom may be euumiTuU'd the lion. JabezD. Hammond,
who as early as 1635 had given to tin- public the details ot a
plan essentially .similar; the Kev. Dr. \\liitehuusi-, of Koch-
ester ; iraucis Dwigbt, Esq., editor of tiie District school Jour-
nal, then of Geneva ; I'loi, SM>I ivtter, of Union College; and
James Wadsworth, Esq., of Geneseo, this project became, in
Ib41, by the nearly unanimous action of the Legislature, incor-
porated with our system of common schools/' UandulL's Vuin-
mun Scliiml System, p. 44.
6 The establishment ot a Normal School for the professional
education of teachers was strongly advocated by several .-upei-
suteudents, and had been a favorite m/asme of many distin-
guished friends of the cause for many years. The bill tor the
establishment of the Normal school was introduced March 22,
1844, by Hon. Calvin T. llurlburd, of .-t. Lawrence. The bill,
as passed, appropriated .J'J.t.uu tor the first year, and $1U,UUU pel-
year for five years, for the support of the school, under tin- di-
rection of the State Superintendent and lie gents of the Uni-
versity. The Superintendent of Schools, ^amuel Vonn^. i iiev.
Alonzo Potter, Kev. W. II. Campbell, lion. Gideon Hawley. and
Francis Dwight, Esq., were appointed an executive committee
to attend to the interests of the school. The committee pro-
ceeded to organize the school by the appointment of David I'.
Page, Principal; 1'rederick I. llsley, Teacher of Music; and
J. IS. Howard, Teacher of Drawing. Only 2y pupils were in at-
tendance the first day; but the number speedily increased to
100, and since that time the school has been an uninterrupted
success.
' This office had become very unpopular in some sections of
the State, in consequence of appointments having been fre-
quently made by the Board of Supervisors upon political con-
siderations merely, without the least legard to the qualifica-
tions of the appointees. Under the supervision of the County
Superintendents the schools had progres.-ed more rapidly than
ever before, in the snine period; and after the abolishment of
that office they steadily retrograded for several years.
8 The first Teachers' Institute in the State was held at Ithaca,
Tompkins Co., April 4, 1843, under the direction of James S.
Denman, County Superintendent. Immediately afterward, in-
stitutes were held in other counties ; and in a few years they
became a fixed institution. In Ih47 they were recognized by
the Legislature, and appropriations were made for their sup-
port.
138
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
State ; and in 1850 the law was again submitted to a vote of the people and again sustained, though
by a decreased majority. In April, 1851, the Free School Act was repealed and the rate bill system
was reinstated. 1
During the session of 1853 a law was passed allowing Union Free Schools to be established
under certain conditions. 2 On the 30th of March, 1854, the office of Superintendent of Public In-
struction was created, thus substantially restoring the original system of general supervision. 8
On the 13th of April, 1855, a law was passed allowing the Regents of the University to designate
certain academies in the several counties in which a teachers' class might be taught free, the State
allowing 10 for each pupil so taught, to a number not exceeding 20 in each academy.
1 At the time of the repeal of the Free School act a provision
was made for raising $800,000 annually by a State tax, which
in many of the rural districts practically made free schools.
This tax was afterward made a ^ mill tax upon all the property
of the State, producing a sum somewhat larger in the aggregate,
and one increasing with the wealth and wants of the State.
- The law for the creation of Union Free Schools was a recog-
nition of the free school principle and an important step in the
progress of education.
3 While the School Department was a subordinate branch of
the Department of State, it was impossible to give to it that
character and efficiency necessary to the best interests and wel-
fare of the schools. Since the change, every department of edu-
cation has felt a new impulse and has been constantly improv-
ing. The administration of the schools has been much more
perfect, the reports have been more regular and reliable, and
the standard of teaching has materially advanced.
School Statistics from the Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1859.
1 .
1!
1
JVo. of chil-
dren between
4 and 21.
.V... ofvol-
iim'-< in dis-
trict library.
Apportionment
of State mniifyi,
for 1859.
Total receipts.
Total expenses.
170
252
211
253
248
305
114
274
182
187
1S2
332
213
326
ISO
156
110
146
163
28
193
373
47
176
193
238
244
120
95
171
397
297
207
184
134
298
319
65
75
199
24
39
464
257
63
203
112
104
350
148
159
159
165
219
130
238
219
159
191
106
11,566
169
259
214
255
247
307
116
277
182
188
182
337
217
327
187
157
111
151
164
33
199
375
47
178
196
239
244
126
95
163
40S
296
204
179
132
297
320
65
76
210
24
41
464
230
68
203
112
102
355
150
163
159
165
223
132
241
219
148
189
106
11,617
243
262
221
255
278
318
127
286
189
199
183
337
247
497
1S2
156
113
151
172
29
203
398
355
179
207
254
336
129
1,350
197
458
369
224
201
143
344
320
68
111
273
38
43
482
245
83
204
112
117
354
161
163
166
183
231
123
247
252
211
197
110
14,286
39.559
16.411
13.510
16,121
19.438
19.935
10.841
14.747
18.327
16,503
9.254
15.696
21.446
50.773
11.400
11,299
10.551
10,644
11,689
1,046
14.136
25.757
50,772
10,358
14,055
15.654
34.370
12,033
2 00,000
18,051
38.455
32.478
15.375
21.651
10,514
27.243
18.027
5.4S9
17,058
28,372
8,133
6,939
31.219
18,145
7,281
12,024
7,108
10,164
25,717
15,192
12,280
10,874
11,993
25,758
7,812
16,296
17,052
27.738
12,072
7,536
1.240.176
27,018
20,196
20,859
45.109
33,260
11,571
31.941
1S.203
21.719
18.5SS
28.075
33.915
45.445
17,393
11,868
12.308
17.842
21.051
1,454
24.676
41.536
37,529
15.628
28.040
30.445
36,518
18.048
4.000
23.764
54.. r .ss
44.978
27.248
32.929
16.082
31.341
35.009
9.0IU
23.023
30.382
7,025
9,365
42.898
31.228
9.537
22.578
13.092
10.347
32.010
23.999
12.519
17.872
21,088
32,632
9.896
30.743
26.240
31.803
25.114
12.170
i u*. no
$34.755.46
18,443.07
15,680.38
17,569.93
21,047.28
22.937.75
10,727.63
18,622.61
16.448.91
17.196.20
11.586.07
19.703.21
22 1:72 s:;
49,449.52
12 252.48
11.126.18
9.230.79
12.312.75
12 : 793.84
1,515.11
15.765.92
28,164.96
68,798.02
11.580.04
15.6C4.48
18.430.01
34.972.02
11.649.24
207.33295
18,105.71
41 Mil .72
33.261.15
17,391.78
21.434.10
11.302.71
28.152.08
21.994.48
5.319.28
15.251.77
28,962.54
6.617.81
6.311.17
33,173.93
19,624.40
7.394.20
14.505.51
7.912.37
9.968.53
26.672.33
15.123.09
12004.20
11 737.21
i:; 272.59
24.249.37
8.83263
is 526.88
19,301.57
20.908.02
13.924.49
8,263.32
$122.068.91
28.818.51
24.123.23
27,601.80
48.535.41
40,785.66
19.119.92
29.341. "4
23,529.05
34.767.79
17.255.54
2S.757.16
46.222.93
138.417.98
19,337 .32
15,637.73
14.102 1 i
23.4S7.4S
22.01 fi.cg
2.105.87
27.365.25
49,185.46
246.4C.1.75
17.348.67
26.652.77
31.594.17
112.104.41
23.430.67
951,178.40
37 ".'.0.86
72.376.15
80.114.54
3fi.443.60
53.077.70
19.239.56
72.47fi.06
32.171.15
9.103.17
42,606.25
14,029.12
10.S71.53
12.295.09
58.331.45
34.626.32
17,979.08
21.844.73
13.528 71
24.109.69
42.912.11
3S.755.50
19.238.58
19.627.49
24.285.06
43.7li3.04
12.953.77
31.963.60
37,833.48
84,648.40
21,756.20
19.089.09
$124.673.71
32,258.36
27,529.65
33,362.17
59.294.50
45,440.26
20,558.93
32.500.47
26,198.33
36.89S.14
20,937.05
33,603.46
61.889.61
197 ,4t 5.83
21,271.35
20,802.87
18,713.68
2S.720.57
27,027.94
2.304.82
33.533.20
58.0Cj3.32
230,877.31
19.408.54
34,072.68
34.847.48
107.480.57
23,430.67
951.17S.40
::7.'.i. r 0.86
72.376.15
80.114.54
36.443.60
53.077.70
19,239.56
72.476.06
32,171.15
9.103.17
42,506.25
14.029.12
16.871.53
12.295.09
58,331.45
34,020.32
17.979.08
21,844.73
13,528.71
24.109.69
42,912.11
38,755.50
19,238.58
19,627.49
24.285.06
43,763.04
14.063.80
36.966.24
45.994.11
95,156.04
27.744.76
16,417.96
Clinton
C-M tland
Es-sex
Franklin
Fulton
Greene
1 1'-rUiruei
.Ti-ftV-rsou
Kin^s
I,r\VH
Monroe
Montgomery
\*-\v York
N i,i' r ira
1 Ml M'l
1 ' '. i i ' ] a <" r ;\
' Mi t '1 PO
Orange
ihl .ins
Oswego
I'litnam
I;, ol-ier
llichiiiond
Rockland
St. l.numire
Snr.it 'ga
'til'lV
Sell liarii'
M'lmvler
Seneca
Strulirll
Sullivan
Tompkins
1 later....
Warren
Washington....
\Vivne
Westchester
Wyoming
^ ites
Total
Table embrace* returM from Jan. 1 to Oct. 1, 1858, W^^T^n^n^T^n^
$3.792.948.79
33T 1857.
CHURCHES.
139
The office-of School Commissioner was created by law April 12, 1856, and by the same act the
office of Town Superintendent was abolished. This substantially reinstated the office of County
Superintendent, the abolishment of which in 1847 was so disastrous to the interests of education. 1
On the 15th of March, 1856, an act was passed directing that the school laws should be digested and
codified. 2 By act of April 12, 1858, the school year was changed so as to commence Oct. 1, and
the annual district school meetings were directed to be held on the second Tuesday of Oct. annually.
Mercantile Colleges, especially adapted to instruction in opening, conducting, and closing
business accounts of every kind, and an elucidation of the laws and customs that have been esta-
blished concerning them, have within a few years been opened in most of our cities. They de-
pend entirely upon individual enterprise for support, and instruction is usually given by oral illus-
trations, lectures, and examples. 3
CHURCHES.
THE various church organizations in the State are independent of each other and are supported
entirely by private contributions. The aggregate amount of church property in the State, and the
amount annually raised for religious purposes, is immense. The following is a list of the different
denominations, arranged in alphabetical order :
Tlie African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) Church was formed in 1820. The
State of New York forms one conference, having in 1852 1,928 members.
The American Swedenborgian Association was formed in 1857, and has its
office in New York City. A Printing and Publishing Society of this denomination, formed in 1850,
collected in the year ending in 1858 $3,108.25. It owns the stereotype plates of all the theological
writings of Swedenborg.
The Anti Mission or Old School Baptist, in 1855, had in the State 18 churches and
1,101 members.
The Associate Presbyterian Church, in 1855, had 26 churches and 3,026 members,
and The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 38 churches and 5,634 mem-
bers. These two denominations united in May, 1858, under the name of The United Pres-
byterians.
The Baptist Church has in the United States 565 associations, 11,600 churches, 7,141
ordained ministers, 1,025 licentiates, and 923. 1US members. Of these 43 associations, 812 churches,
738 ordained ministers, 90 licentiates, and 84.266 members are in New York. Its general Benevo-
lent Associations are the "American Baptist Missionary Union," "American Baptist Publication
Society," "American Baptist Historical Society," "American Baptist Home Mission Society,"
"American and Foreign Bible Society," "American Baptist Foreign Mission Society," "Southern
Baptist Convention," 1845, and " Southern Baptist Publication Society," 1847. It has in this State
2 colleges and 2 theological seminaries, and has 5 periodicals devoted to its interests.*
1 Tlio School Commissioners have generally succeeded in
awakening a new interest in th<-ir respective districts hy per-
Bonally visiting the schools and teachers, by encouraging the
formation of teachers' associations and institutes, and l>y re-
quiring a hi'iher standard of qualification on the part of teachers.
The schools under their supervision are steadily improving.
2 The expense of this codification of the school laws was de-
frayed from the library fund.
3 These institutions are almost indispensable in every mer-
cantile community. They afford instruction upon every depart-
ment of business accounts, and incidentally upon methods of
conducting business generally. Courses of lectures are usually
given, in which are unfolded the laws relating to all business
matters, and a vast amount of information is given relating to
all departments of commercial transactions. The most exten-
sive ot these colleges are those of Bryant* Stratton, 7 in num-
ber, of which 3 are in this State, 1 at Buffalo, 1 at Albany, and
1 at New York, Eastman's Colleges, at Rochester and Oswego,
and Bassett's College, at Syracuse. There are various other
institutions of the kind in the State, of good local repute, and
of great value to the villages and towns in which they are es-
tablished.
4 Tin- Missionary Union was formed in 1814; its receipts for
1857-58 were $97.808.77. It has 19 missions. 80 missionaries,
and over 300 churches. The headquarters of the Society are at
Boston. The. Biiptist Publication Society was formed in 1824,
and has its depository at Philadelphia. It supports 53 colpor-
teura, and its receipts for 1857-58 were $60,586.12. The Amer-
ican Baptist Home Missionary Society was formed in 1832, and
has its office in New York. It employs 99 missionaries and
supplies about 250 stations. Its receipts for 1857-58 were
55-J.003.33. Tlif. American nnd Foreign JiiMe Snni't'i. firmed in
1838. ha? its office at New York. Its receipts for 1857-58 were
$57.049.98. Madison University, at Hamilton, and the University
of Rochester are Baptist institutions; and attached to earh is a
theological seminary. The papers published by tin's denomi-
nation are. The New York Examiner, New York Chronicle,
American Baptist, (newspapers.) and the Home Mission Itecord,
ami Mothers' Ji urnal, (magazines,; all published in New York
City
140
XEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tlie Christian Connexion 1 divide the State into the New York Eastern, Nev: York
Central, New York Western, Northern, Black River, and Tioga Christian Conferences, each having
distinct boundaries. They have in the U. S. and Canada over 1,500 ministers and 335 commu-
nicants. The census reports 85 churches in this State and 9,825 persons usually attending them.
The Congregational Churches of the Union number about 2,900, with 2,400 ministers
and 240,000 members. Of these, 425 churches, 400 ministers, and 25,000 members are claimed
within the State of New York. 2
The Congregational Methodists 3 were first composed of seceders from the Methodist
Episcopal Church, in 1820. They have 3 churches in the State.
The Disciples of Christ have in the Union over 1,700 churches, 1,100 ministers, and
130,000 members.* In New York they reported, in 1855, 28 churches and 2,015 members. The
New York State Convention embraces, besides the State, parts of Connecticut and Vermont.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church embraces 35 synods in the U. S., of which 25 are
connected with a general synod. It numbers 1,083 ministers and 1,920 congregations, 5 and has of
general societies the Parent Educational, Home Missionary, Foreign Missionary, Church Extension,
Lutheran Historical, and Lutheran Publication, for the purposes indicated by their respective titles.
It has within this State a Theological Seminary and Academy at Hartwick, Otsego county, and
Martin Luther College, with a theological department, at Buffalo.
The Free 'Will Baptist Church in the U. S. has 28 yearly and 129 quarterly meetings,
1189 churches, 957 ordained and 164 licensed preachers, and 55,209 communicants. 6 This State
comprises 5 whole yearly meetings and parts of 2 others. As no attention is paid to State lines
The Fifty-First Annual Report of the Baptist Missionary
Convention "of the State of New York (Oct. 185*) gives the fol-
lowing statistic* nf thi-i d'-iiominatiou in New York. The dates
of organization are from the Baptist Almanac :
ASSOCIATIONS.
Orffttnized,
Cfiurches,
(h-'i, lined
Mini"t< T*.
.Iff infers.
1808
32
35
2958
Broome & Tioga
1823
25
19
755
Buffalo. . ..
1R15
21
21
",1
Canisteo Kiver
1835
10
9
381
1S35
23
is
1 534
Cayuga
1SOO
19
17
' in*;
1842
20
17
1 Wi
Chenango
1S32
29
21
" ."ill
Portland
1S27
19
IS
2 1S8
Deposit
1854
15
U
qq.9
Dntchess
1834
20
10
1 ":;<
Erie
1847
19
13
1 'U4
Ks-^x & Champlain
1834
14
7
1 i 7't
Franklin
1811
17
12
i 7(V?
Genesee
1811
17
16
1 MliK
Genesee lliver
18 9 8
15
13
1 1 " "i
Harmony
1838
20
16
1 ""'^
Ilud-on IJiV'-r North
1851
29
21
4 085
Huds< 'M l',ivi-r South
1 x' 1
41
57
L;ik>' ' !i'<>r< T e
1S09
11
10
Livin->t"n
1812
10
g
693
M '!i-i'M
1 -MS
19
18
O on A
M< ilmwli Hivt-r
1837
10
q
M< >Mt'<"'
l s "7
94
10
Ne\v Ynik
1791
35
33
N i 'i: ira
1824
1^
12
1 1' Ida
3820
23
5R
to
1S14
Orlt-ans
1843
Os\ve<_ r "
1S32
1C
-10
Mt^un
1795
17
Kfii^rlaprvilli-....
1799
19
11
Sar.itngn
1805
< i
IS"!
St<'plh-nt"\vn
1832
10
l.i 07
St< lltn-11
Isi;
St. l,:i\vrrnre
1813
Tninn
1S10
\V,i-hiimt<>n riiimi
1834
00
\\ .1 ne
1C-M
\V in '-NT
1.728
Yar.-s
1- t"
1,286
804
'Otherwise namoil -Unitarian Baptistx." They
r 1793 ; . 1801, in secessiona from
.
Island, New York, & Brooklyn, Ontario. Sus<;uohanna. Albany,
and Puritan of Wyoming & Allegany Associations. The Ameri-
can Congregational Union has for one of its objects the aid of
feeble churches. In the year ending in 1S58 it expended
$tj.lo4.05 for this purpose.
3 Otherwise known as 'Stilwdlites."
4 Sometimes known as "Canipbi'llites." from Rev. Alexander
Campbell, the founder. Fnx d- Hunt's (Juml. Krg., 1852, p. 253.
5 From the Lutheran Almanac, 1859. The synods embraced
in New York are as follows :
SYNODS.
When
formed.
Min isters.
Congre-
gatinns.
Ni-w York Ministerial!
Hartwick Svnod
1785
1830
59
25
55
33
F'ranrkean Svnod
1 38
24
30
Synod of Buffalo.
1839
16
16
Of these the last two are not connected with the General
Synod.
These synods have no definite boundaries, but overlap each
oth"r. and in some instances extend into neighboring States.
The Kiichlicb.es Infonnatorium and Historische /c-itblatt, of
Buffalo, and Der Lutherischc Ilerold, of New York, are the
official organs of this denomination.
The Free Will Baptist Register fir 1S59 gives the following
statistics. To those ext'-ndiug partly into neighboring .States
a star is prefixed ; and those entirely out of the State are in
Italics.
ANNUAL
MEETINGS.
QUARTERLY
MEETINGS.
t'hnrr/irs.
(ii-'/iiinfd \
I'ri'iir/nrx.
l.in-nm-il
I'rmrhrrs.
niiiiiniiiii-
cunts.
rCattaraugus. Catta-]
Holland Pur-
raugus Criit'-r. |
chase
ChautiUiriue.Krie, f
43
43
7 Q 1 7n
*French Creek,
i
and Genesee j
'Rochester. Monroe,']
Genesee
Union. Wayne, >-
38
30
3
1.606
Freedom. . .. j
'*0wego, G'b-"m,')
*?usquehanna...
Spafford, *Wal- V
37
29
8
1,262
ton I
*\f w York and
Yates and Steuben, 1
1'i/un
r otter CO.,/J?Y/<(- [
f<T<t am/ Tinga, I
34
22
10
246
^Tusraroi'a. .. J
St. Lawrence
jawrence, Jefferson
16
7
3
4S8
Union
McDonouirh, (,he-l
nango, Otselic )
17
13
3
826
Whitestown. Os- 1
Central N.Y
weL'O, Rensse- 1
laer. *<)t-.-o. r
40
36
2
2.163
Lake George J
CHURCHES.
141
in these divisions, the exact numbers in the State cannot be determined from the reports. Ita
general institutions are 3 mission societies, an anti-slavery society, a biblical school and insti-
tution at New Hampton, N. H., and a seminary in this State.
Tlie Friends or Quakers have, since 1827, been divided into 2 distinct branches, known
as " Hicksite" and " Orthodox." The Hicksites have a general meeting for the United States and
Canada, which is divided into 6 yearly, 33 quarterly, and 138 monthly meetings in the U. S., and
2 half-yearly and 6 monthly meetings in Canada. This State is embraced within the New York
and the Genesee yearly meetings, the former of which extends into New Jersey and the latter into
Canada. There are of the New York yearly meeting in this State 7 quarterly and 31 monthly
meetings ; of the Genesee yearly meeting 2 quarterly and 8 monthly meetings.
The Orthodox Friends divide the United States and Canada into 8 yearly, 1 half-yearly, 65
quarterly, and 222 monthly meetings. The New York yearly meeting comprises 1 half-yearly,
15 quarterly, and 43 monthly meetings, of which 9 entire and a part of 1 other quarterly and
28 monthly meetings are within the State, the remainder being in adjoining States and Canada. 1
Tlie German Methodists 2 originated in the year 1800, and number about 20,000. They
have in New York about 15 churches and 3,000 members.
Tlie Mennonites have in the Union 300 churches and 36,280 members: of these, 6
churches and 442 members were reported in Western N. Y. in 1855.
Tlie Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States was divided in 1844 into the
Church North and the Church South, forming two independent organizations, differing only upon
the question of slavery. The Church North embraces 49 annual conferences, 5,365 traveling, 769
superannuated, and 7,169 local preachers, and 820,514 members and probationers. The
total number of preachers in both divisions is 20,644, and of members 1,476,291. This State
embraces 5 entire and parts of 4 other conferences, which are subdivided into districts and cir-
cuits, each with definite boundaries. The Sunday School Union of the M. E. Church North re-
ports 11,229 schools, 120,421 officers and teachers, 639,120 scholars, and 2,054,253 volumes in S. S.
libraries. Its Tract Society has auxiliaries in each conference, and distributes large quantities of
tracts and a small paper called " The Good News." Its Missionary Society supports 44 foreign mis-
sionaries and 76 helpers, and 302 missionaries and 214 helpers among the Indians and foreign
populations. Its " Book Concern" carries on an amount of publication equaled by that of few
private firms in the country, including books, papers, and magazines. This denomination has
within the State 1 college and 10 seminaries, in connection with annual conferences. 3
The Methodist Protestant Church was formed Nov. 1830. It divides the Union
into conferences, stations, and circuits. The census reports as belonging to this denomination in
this State, in 1855, 46 churches and 1,605 members.
The Presbyterian Church existed as one body until 1837, when it was divided into
" Old School" and " New School," which form two distinct organizations, with similar professions
of faith but different views of discipline. The Old School General Assembly of the U. S. report
33 synods, 159 presbyteries, 2,468 ministers, 3,324 churches, and 259,335 communicants. During
The missionary societies under the charge of this society are
the Free Will Baptist Foreign Mission Society, which supports
3 missionaries and their families at Arissa. India, the Free
Will Baptist Home Mission Society, and the Free Will Baptist
Female Missionary Society. The Whitestown Seminary, occu-
pying the premises erected for the Oneida Institute, form, i ly a
manual labor school, is under the auspices of this denomination.
1 The names of quarterly meetings within the State, with the
number of monthly meetings in each, according to FottJke's
t',-i- /!'' Mm ""'<: for 1858, are, in the New Ynrk yearly meet-
ing. We^tbuiy, 6, Purchase, 3, Nine Partners, 3, Stanford, 4,
Easton. 5, Saratoga. 5, Duanesburgh, 5; in the Genesee yearly
meeting. Faruiington, 5, Scipio, 3.
The quarterly meetings within the yearly meeting, according
to Vr/o</V Jlnol: of Mfrtings, 1858, are as follows, with the date
of establishment and number of monthly meetings in each:
W;-8tbury. (1'iTH.) 2; Purchase, (prior to 1746,) 3; Nine Part-
ners. (17^1.) o: Stanford, (1800.) 3; Ferrisburgh, (partly in Ver-
mont, l*o;i.) 1; in New York, 2; in Vermont, Farmington,
,
(1810.) f>; Butternuts. (1M.2, under the name of Duanesburgh,
changed in 1W8.) 3; Saratoga, (1793, in 1795 changed to Easton,
in 181"j dividi-d into Saratoga and Easton, and in 1S35 the latter
was discontinued.) 3; Scipio, (1825.) 2; Le Kay, (1830.) 3. The
first meeting within New York was established at Oyster Bay,
by Kicliard Smith and others who were banished from Boston
in 1 HOG. The persecutions of that colony drove others to Rhode
Isbnil and Long Island, and meetings were established at Oys-
ter li.iy. (liavesend, Jamaica, Hempstead, Flushing, and other
place=, at an early period.
* Correctly known as Evangelical Association, or Albrights.
3 The following is a summary of the Conferences in New
York. Those marked with a star are partly in other States.
PREACHERS.
MEMBERS IN SOCIETY.
|
s
I
ee
CONFERENCE.
<u .
^
s
a
"
C -^
s
s
^
^
S
.S
^
tt
1
f
I
1
1
I
II
New York
V>07
38
161
26.666
4,477
31,143
15,245
1810
110
14
9,511
1,133
10.644
3,883
Oneida
18W
147
34
142
16,380
2,134
i-^.r.u
108
*Trov
1833
165
50
177
22,990
3,382
26,372
11.532
Black River
1836
168
30
159
16.972
:;.lij.s
20,100
3,542
*Erie
1836
167
26
206
20,306
2,607
22,913
6,445
East Genesee
1848
150
33
139
16,861
2.257
19,118
'4,693
*New York East
1849
142
45
176
22,236
3.029
25.265
27.289
Wyoming
1852
93
11
134
11,652
2,485
14,137
3,225
The districts within the State of New York forming the above
Conferences are :
New York Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Prattsville, Monticello,
N. Y. German Mission, Rochester, and German Mia-
142
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
the year ending May, 1858, $2,544,692 was raised for various religious and benevolent objects. Its
general objects of promotion and extension are conducted by Boards ; and it has various funds for
special objects. The State of New York embraces the greater part of 3 synods. 1
The H'ew School Presbyterian General Assembly of the United States reports 26
synods, 120 presbyteries, 1,612 ministers, 1,687 churches, and 143,510 communicants. During
the year ending May, 1858, $273,965.90 was raised for domestic and foreign missions, education,
and publication. It has several committees for the promotion of its general objects, and has in this
State 2 theological seminaries and several periodicals. 2
The Primitive Methodists have 2 churches and about 500 members in this State. They
have in the Union over 1,200 members.
The Protestant Episcopal Church embraces in the Union 31 dioceses and 4 mis-
sions, 1,995 parishes, 39 bishops, 1,979 clergymen, and 127,953 communicants. Total contribu-
tions for missionary and charitable purposes, $1,265, 642.96. Its general institutions are the " Gene-
ral Theological Seminary," New York, the " Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society," the
"General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union and Church Book Society," the "Protestant
Episcopal Historical Society," the " Western Church Extension Society," and the " Prot. E. So-
ciety for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge."
The Diocese of Xew York. 3 embraces all E. of the E. lines of Broome, Chenango, Madi-
son, Oneida, Lewis, and Jefferson cos., and comprises 275 parishes, 321 clergymen, and 22,411
communicants.
<;, .,,,,, Buffalo, Niagara, Genesee, Wyoming, and Glean.
On'idn Oneida, Chenango, Cortland. Auburn, and Cazenovia.
Troy Troy, Albany, Saratoga, Plattsburgh.and 3 in Yt.
Black liinr Koine, Syracuse, Oswego, Adams, Watertown,
Ogdensburgh, and Potsdam.
Erie Fredonia. Tbe remainder in Ohio and Penn.
East Genesee Geneva, Rochester, West Rochester, Bath, Corn-
ing, Elmira, and Lima.
New York East Sew York, (E. district.) Long Island, and 2
in Conn.
Wyoming Binghamton and Owego, in part; the remainder in
Penn.
Tha offices of the several Missionary Societies and of the Book
Concern are at 200 Mulberry St., X. Y. The periodicals issued
from that establishment are 'the Christian Advocate and Jour-
nal, a weekly newspaper: the Quarterly Review, the National
Ma-: I/in", and the Ladies' Repository, octavo magazines: and
the ,-unday School Advocate, The Good News, and tin- Mission-
ary Advocate, small newspapers. The Northern Christian Ad-
vocate, at Auburn, is also an official publication of this denom-
ination. I'nder the auspices of this Church are the Genesee
1 ' "-' - at Lima, Livingston co.: the Anienia Seminary,
Dutchessco. ; Ashland Collegiate Institute, Greene co. ; Char-
lotte Boarding Academy, Schoharie co. : Falley Seminary, Ful-
ton, Oswego co.; Genesee Wesleyan Seminary. Lima. Livingston
CO.; Qouverneur Wesleyan Seminary. St. Lawrence co.: Jones-
irill Vcademy, Saratoga co. ; New York Conference Seminary.
Charlolteville, Schoharie co.: Oneid.-i Conference Seminary,
Cazen.ivia. Madison co. ; ami the Su-<]iiehanna Seminary, Bing-
hamtou, Fir ..nne co. Besides these, a large number of institn-
lii us. including several of the incorporated academies, are
owned and patronized mainly by members of this denomination.
1 The names of presbyteries and statistics of churches of this
branch in the State are reported in the Old School Presbyterian
Almanac for 1S59 as follows:
SYNODS.
Organized.
Presbyte.ries.
1
Churches.
Communi-
cants.
Albany
1803
Londonderry, Troy. Al-
banv. Mohawk
99
64
7 756
Buffalo.
1843
Buffalo City. Michigan.
Rochester Citv
60
62
5 08
New York....
1788
Mud-oii. North Hiver,
Bedford, Long Island,
New York, New York
2d, Canton, Nin._ r po.
Connecticut. Nas^in,
Western Africa
169
130
17,495
Board "f Domestic .Vi'iViH< has filn missionaries and
churches and missionary stations. l:,reip ts f,,r the year
ending March I 185! 1105,277.52. [t, offices are located in
Philadelphia an. I Louisville.
''''" I >" I i I !,' t nn is divided into ministerial education
and education m schools, academics, coll and parochial
schools. Under the auspices of this denomination are 22 col-
leges, 60 academies, and 100 parochial schools. The receipts for
l^:\~ wen. s.'.iU'.fJ.oi;. Its office is at Philadelphia.
The B"uril <>f Fnreifin Missions has 69 ministers, 30 male and
90 female assistant missionaries, and 23 native teachers. The
receipts for IS.'N were J223 '.'77.79. Its office is at the corner of
Center and Reade Sti., N. Y.
The Board of Publication issues tracts, books, newspapers,
and other periodicals in great numbers. Its receipts for 1S57
were $126.960.28. Its office is at Philadelphia.
- The following summary of the New School Presbyterian
Church in New York is from the American Presbyterian Al-
manac for 1859, and other authentic sources:
SV.VODS.
Organized.
PrrsJiytcries.
Ministers.
Churches.
Communi-
cants.
Albany
1803
Champlain, Trov, Albany,
Columbia, Catskill
84
70
8,257
Utica
1829
Oswego, Utica
65
7 9
7,106
Geneva
1SV>
109
93
9725
Onoudaga
1-:.:,
Onoudaga
80
70
7,7(59
Susquelf nna
1853
Otsego, Chenango, Dela-
42
51
3989
Genesee
1V21
Genesee, Ontario, Roch-
es:, r. Niagara, Buffalo.
Angelica
1^5
108
12371
N. Y. &N.J.
1788
Hudson. North River,
Long Island. New York
:M. New York 4th,
Brooklvn, and 4 others
not in the State
226
155
24,905
The various societies under the careof this denomination are
in charge of the Presbyterian Publication Committee. h\. reign
Mis-inn Committee. Permanent Committee on Education, and
Church Extension Committee. Young men preparing for the
ministry are educated at the Tnion Theological Seminary, of
New York City, and Auburn Theological Seminary, of Caynga
co. The newspapers of the denomination are the Evangelist, of
New York, and the Genesee Evangelist, of Rochester.
3 Its institutions are the '-Society for the Promotion of Re-
ligion and Learning.'' the Corporation for the Relief of Widow a
and Children of Clergymen." the "Prot. E. Tract Society," the
'New York Bible and Common Prayer Book Society." the
New York Prot. K. City Mi-sion Society." the Prot. E. Chris-
tian Mission Society for Seamen in the City and Port of New
York." the " Prot. K. Brotherhood of New York." the Northern
Missionary Convocation." the ''Bible and Common Prayer Book
Society of Albany and its Vicinity," the "Brotherhood of St.
Barnabas," (Troy.) Columbia College," "Trinity School."
(N. Y.,) -St. Luke's Ilo.-pital." (N. Y..) "St. Luke's Home for
Indigent Christian Females." the "Church Charity Founda-
tion," (Brooklyn,) and the " Pastoral Aid Society."
C II U R C II E S.
143
The Diocese of Western IVew York 1 embraces the remainder of the State, comprising
149 parishes, 129 clergymen, and 10,551 communicants.
The Reformed Methodists originated in 1814, in Vt. Their church government ig
Congregational. They report in the State 8 churches and about 500 members.
The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, is derived from the church of the
same name in Scotland. In 1855 it numbered in the State 15 churches and 2,274 members.
The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of the State belongs to the General
Synod of the Ref. Prot. Dutch of N. A. It is subdivided into the particular Synods of New York
and Albany, the former embracing 16 and the latter 14 classes, of which 19 are entirely within the
State and 1 partly in New Jersey. In 1855 it reported 364 churches, 348 ministers, 130,120 per-
sons attending congregations, and 38,927 communicants. Of these, 260 churches, 259 ministers,
21,027 families, 97,553 total of congregations, and 31,208 communicants, were in this State.
The Roman Catholic Church divides the Union into 7 Provinces, 43 Dioceses, and 3
Vicarates Apostolic. The Province of New York comprises the New England States, New York
and New Jersey, and the dioceses of New York, Portland, Burlington, Boston, Hartford, Brook-
lyn, Albany, Buffalo, and Newark. Four of these are within this State. There are 3 theological
seminaries, 1 preparatory seminary, 2 colleges, and a large number of benevolent and educational
institutions belonging to this denomination within the State, and 9 periodicals devoted to its
interests. 2
The Seventh Day Baptists have in the United States 67 churches, 70 ordained ministers,
and 7,250 members. Of these 36 churches are in New York. In 1835 the denomination was
divided into associations, of which the Eastern, Central, and Western are embraced wholly or in
part in this State. De Ruyter Institute and the Alfred Academy are under the patronage of this
denomination.
Shakers, or the "United Society of Believers," otherwise called the "Millennial Church,"
numbers in the Union 18 communities and about 6,000 members. They live in "families," and
in New York they are principally located at New Lebanon, Watervliet, and Groveland.
The Unitarians number in the Union 293 clergyman and 250 societies, mostly in Massa-
chusetts. They have within this State 10 societies. Their only periodical within the State is the
"Christian Inquirer," a weekly newspaper in New York City, published under the auspices of
the "Unitarian Association of the State of New York." 3
The Universalists United States Convention is composed of clerical and lay delegates from
each State and Territorial Convention, and meets on the third Tuesday of Sept. annually. 4 The
denomination has a Historical Society, composed of all preachers and laymen in good standing
who sign the constitution. It also has a General Reform Association, that meets in Boston on the
1 Its institutions are Hobart Free College, at Geneva ; and De
Teaux College, at Suspension Bridge. There are besides several
incorporated and private academies supported by members of
this denomination. Church Almanac fur 1859. pp. 32, 47.
"The following statistics are upon the authority of the Catholic
Almanacs of 1859.
General Statistics for 1858.
^1
sS
is
S^
Diocese of
Brooklyn.
Diocese of
Albany.
S
g-S
II
C>cq
69
34
113
102
Chapels
9
5
30
"~
50
30
Clergymen on missions
" otherwise em-
ployed
89
35
H
84
84
98
114
Ecclesiastical institutions...
13
2
Seminaries
1
Clerical students
49
18
13
14
Literary institutions for
younc; men
4
o
o
Literary institutions for
12
1
g
Charitable institutions
10
14
Hospitals and infirmaries ...
1
1
House of the Good Shepherd
1
2
2
Parochial and other schools
27
9
Religious communities
7
Religious institutions
26
i Catholic population
380,940
...
100,000
The Diocese of New Ynrk, formed in 1808, comprises Dela-
ware, Dutchess, New York, Orange, Putnam, Richmond, Rock-
land. Sullivan, Ulster, and Westchester counties. The Diocese
nf Brnnklyn, formed in 1853, comprises Kings. Queens, and Suf-
folk counties. The Diocese of Albany, formed in 1X4", comprises
the remainder of the State E. of the west lines of C'ayuga,
Tompkins. and Tioga counties. The Diocese nf Bitfl'aln, I'm med
in 1847, comprises the counties w. of the west lines of Ca-
yuga, Tompkins. and Tioga.
The distinctive schools under the patronage of this denomi-
nation are the St. John's College,at Fordham. We-itrln'ster CO.;
College of St. Francis Xavier, New York City ; St. Joseph's
Theological Seminary, Fordham; Ecclesiastical Seminary, Buf-
falo; Franciscan Convent. Allegany; and Preparatory Seminary
of Our Lady of the Angels, Niagara.
The Catholic papers in the State are The New York Freeman's
Journal and Catholic Register. The N.-W York Tablet. The Pilot,
(N. Y. and Boston.) Katholische Kirchn Zcitiing, weekly, of
N. Y.; The Buffalo Sentinel, weekly; Catholic Institute Maga-
zine, N\vhurgh; Brownson's Quarterly Review, N. Y. : Ameri-
can Catholic Almanac and Cli-rgy List : and the Six Cent Catho-
lic Almanac and I.nity's Directory, of N. Y.
3 Year Bonk nf the 'Unitarian Omtg. CfiwreJlej, 1857.
4 The N'ii) Yirlc Slate Cnm-fntinn embraces the Central, Nia-
gara, Cayuga, Buffalo, Mohawk River, Ontario, Genesee, Black
River, St. Lawrence, Otsego, Allegany, Steuben, Chautauque,
Chenango, Hudson River, and New York Associations, and con-
tains 220 societies, 194 church edifices, and employs 107 preachers.
It has a State Educational Society, with $40,000 subscribed,
and $25.000 invested for the Theological School in Canton ;
and has in charge the Clinton Liberal Institute. The Uni-
rersalist Paper and Book Establishment has assets amount-
ing to $13.796, and unredeemed stock to the amount of $4,169.
The profits of the concern are applied to the purchase of the
shares, which will thus become the property of the State Con
vention. It has a relief fund for aged and disabled preachers
The Young Men's Christian Union, formed Jan. 1856, and the
144 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
last Tuesday in May This denomination has organizations in 32 States and Territories, in 19 of
which State Conventions are held. It has 4 educational, 9 missionary, 1 tract, and 4 Sunday
school associations, 1 relief fund, and 1 book and newspaper establishment, all of which are of a
State character. It has 85 associations, 1,334 churches or societies, 913 church edifices, 6
preachers, 18 periodicals, and 9 institutions of learning.
Tlie Wesleyaii Methodists. 1 This denomination in the United States was formed by
seceders from the M. E. Church, May, 1843.
Besides these, there are churches in the State known as Bethels, Evangelical, German Evangelical
Reformed, Jewish, Calvinistic Methodists, German Methodists, Moravians, French Evangelical
Presbyterian, Protestant Community of Inspiration, Second Advent, True Dutch, Free, and Union,
numbering in the aggregate a large number of church edifices and communicants. 2
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
SOCIETIES of a religious, humane, and benevolent character began to be formed in considerable
numbers about 1822-25. The objects of these societies enlisted the co-operation of members of the
different religious denominations and of other philanthropic persons, and annual meetings were
held in New York for the several objects.
The time of meeting has been usually in the second week in May, and thn appointments were
so made that the same persons could attend several of them in succession. These societies have
become numerous, and "Anniversary week" thus becomes a season of interest to thousands. The
assembling of so large a number of persons from distant sections of the Union has led reformers
of everv degree to appoint the anniversary meetings of their societies at the same time and place ;
and there is scarcely a society for the promotion of religion, morality, charity, or civil and social
reform that is not thus annually brought to public notice, its operations exhibited, and its
claims urged.
The societies exclusively under the control of a single denomination are noticed under the reli-
gious sects.
The principal societies of a general character are as follows:
the Anierira.il Bible Society, formed by a convention of 60 persons, mostly clergy-
men, May 8, 1809, has for its object the publication and distribution of the Bible and parts
N. Y. City Missionary Society are connected with this denom-
ination. Its periodicals are the Christian Ambassador, at
Auburn and V'\v Yurie, and a monthly periodical by the female
department <>f the Clinton Liberal Institute.
l The M. E. Church in England and Canada is thus known.
The church of this name in the I.'. S. differs from the others in
rejecting the classification of the ministry as bishops, elders,
and deacons. Their official nr^un is the True Wesleyan.
'- The following table shows the general statistics uf churches
in the several counties :
Church Statistics.
COUNTIES.
$9ip.vnip
fll J,HjUI\-
Value of
church
property.
COUNTIES.
Number of
churches.
Value of
church
property.
i
COUNTIES.
Number of
chun-lii's.
"o>
ill
si!
COUNTIES.
Number of
churches.
Value of
church
prnjj, rty.
Albany
129
$1.272,025
Fulton
39
$ 96.350
84
*2S3 730
q
48
$144 313
Alleuany
75
122.360
Genesee
61
K.I.:
Orange ..
112
443855
105
161 438
T! Mo me
68
207.564
Greene
74
168,325
51
228 600
Suffolk
112
278 260
i'att:iraiiguB..
61
112,370
Hamilton
5
1,400
Oswcgo
84
234 715
46
I'.'l 01)11
Cayugn
100
311,620
Ilerkimer
R5
173,500
117
231 952
45
106 700
Chautanque..
Chenuing. ...
105
33
225,250
150.750
Jefferson
Kings
127
149
346,785
2,840,700
Putnam
30
73
85,000
492 135
Tompkins
66
100
183,690
409 350
Chenau^o. ...
in
232.030
Lewis
54
65 845
114
Clint',!!
Columbia. .
45
85
137,975
276,650
Livingston....
Madison
86
94
263.260
202,580
Richmond
Rockland
29
41
285.100
136,300
Washington..
Wayne
95
80
287,120
272,000
Cortlanrt.. ,.
Delaware. ..
Dutchoss.. ..
Erie
bl
92
132
155
118,000
183,555
693,650
1,176,285
Monroe
Montgomery.
New York ....
Niagara.
141
52
252
74
804,230
141,300
12,092,7,50
229.205
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga
Schenectady.
Schoharie
117
103
26
85
263,485
313,975
173,710
129,830
Westchester..
Wyoming
Yates
148
74
48
868,250
169,365
133,650
Essex.
Franklin
bl
35
121,600
66,195
Oneida
Onondaga
201
142
635.960
663,610
Schuyler
50
99,125
Total
5,077
31,480,144
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 145
thereof without note or comment. 1 Auxiliary to the American Bible Society are numerous county
and local societies, through which the greater part of the funds are raised. 2
The American Tract Society was instituted in 1825, by the several evangelical de-
nominations, for the purpose of disseminating tracts and books upon moral and religious subjects. 3
Several of the religious denominations have tract societies of their own.
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was formed
in 1809, for the purpose of supporting missions in foreign lands. Its central office is in Boston ;
but it has auxiliary societies throughout this State. It is chiefly supported by the Congregational
and New School Presbyterian societies. 4
1 The first society within the State for the gratuitous distribu-
tion ol tilt Scriptures was the N. Y. Bible and Common Prayer
Bo.>k Society, formed in 1809. A large number of co. societies
was formed within tlie next five years. The present society,
formed in 1816. has gradually increased in wealth and influence,
until its operations have extended to almost every section of
the glbe. It has a Bible house iu New York, one of the most
extensive publishing houses in the world. Its books are gra-
tuitously distributed, or sold at cost ; and 'the total number of
volumes issued up to May. 1S5S. was 12.MJ4.U14. These are
produced in great varieties of style and in upward of forty
different languages. The society ha* al<o published the Bible in
English with raised characters for the blind.
The Baptist and Protestant Episcopal denominations have
separate societies for publishing the Scriptures, although many
members belonging to both of these co-operate with the Ameri-
can Bible Society.
2 The following table gives the names of these societies, the
date of their organization, and the amount of their donations
and remittances up 'o May, 1858:
NAME.
Date.
Donations.
Remit-
tunrfsfor
Bibles.
Miv ism
$19.621.00
$16.385 20
April 1 s -'"'
1.526.49
3,326.92
Sept 1816
329 15
130.85
Dec 1845
:;7n iU
804.05
Brooklyn City
Feb. 1849
5,683.76
10,05475
Feh 1817
1 961 Hll
5,171.46
Buffalo Citv
Nov 1*47
2.339.91
5,329.05
\pril ISIS
3 366 72
111 2S
May 1817
1 673 97
232.50
Jan 1S55
91.53
\ii" 1829
127 116
1,879.62
June. 1817
3,738 99
7.807. HI
\pril 1820
1 397 13
7 ". 17 c,o
July lv*
2 949 35
3.404.26
Nov 1* 'i'i
5 538 99
6,634 34
April ls'1
7 1 * .Mi
4.291 .26
Ail" 1838
lol ill
324 39
llrl 1M7
in 83530
6.131.77
Cortland Co
Aug IMii
4 320 90
5,830.78
Juiv 1^1 'i
1 450 75
5,341 42
Dutchess Co. Female
Oct. 1*17
Oct I--- 1 '
4,754.87
15 930 45
3.9S.VJO
5,355 39
ErieCo
April L848
69s 06
4,ir,3.76
Es*ex Co
Jan 1*17
'.'u'.i 14
4.244.35
Floyd and Western Welsh
April, lv.4
June iv'l
50.30
381 95
81.70
3 385 60
Fulton & Hamilton Co....
Dec. 1*1 ii
April. 1S40
21.ls2.4ll
1 117 86
11,237.37
2 280.75
Genesee Co
July. 1818
April 1*;,
3,169.47
972 15
i..' '50.40
1 072.20
Sept 1*1 'i
6 477 23
5 74i; .Mi
Mar 1855
2500
175 00
May 1*17
3 '6* ''7
4 twi 1.")
Oct 1816
1 970 50
805 32
i Jasper
Aug. 1S.')5
Jan 1817
3 936 37
87.00
12 274 47
\pril 1828
544 51
2 9 f '7 44
Lewis Co Welsh
May, 1.850
341 66
147 65
Livingston Co
Ma'v, 1824
Sept 1817
6.542.59
20 786 70
5.4S2.53
30 785 72
Oct 1*16
5 701 51
6 814 87
Dec 1816
39000
1 345 11
Monroe Co
Oct. 1821
Sept 1818
22.828.47
3 784 74
19.282.30
3 768 00
June 1816
102 926 12
17 369 47
New York Calvinistic
Wehh
Sept 1844
546 ''3
7286
New York Marine
Feb 1817
6 043 89
Mar 1829
42 091 43
264 911 73
Niagara Co
May, 1830
2 457 41
5 401 51
May 1816
1 72616
1 726 20
North Seneca.
July, 1852
58219
767 73
Nyack Kef. D. Ch. Female
May, 1842
Jan 1817
74-80
15 226 06
7.20
20 521 48
\ Qnondaga Co
April, 1832
7,594.00
12.805.50
NAME.
Date.
Donations.
Remit-
tances for
Mcs.
Mar. 1817
$ 8,40* 15
$ 4,870.93
June, 1816
24,141 22
6,426.71
July, 1830
3.230.82
4.058.68
Mar. 1826
2,488.15
7.2S6.94
June, 1816
3,116.79
7,573.77
Peekskill Female
Feb. 1817
713.59
166.76
PonghkeepsieFem. Union
Putnam Co
Sept. 1850
May, 1828
1,080.81
120.00
316.16
Remsen Stenben Welsh
Jan. 1817
3,893.68
2,141.06
June, 1816
35,452.61
22.289.21
July, 1816
1,985.72
2,289.64
Sandy Hill and Fort Ed-
Nov. 1848
164.64
243.93
Saratoga Co
July, IKHi
12,779.61
7,277.96
May, 1823
2.741.56
4.454.40
Jan. 1817
3,934.40
3,982.19
Schuyler Co
Feb. 1S56
358.50
513.23
Seneca Associate Ref
May, 1846
Feb. 1 *4'i
319.71
1,735.67
16.08
1,077.02
South Steuben
June, 1*48
1,267.85
1,264.30
Keb. 1817
2.085.38
5.201.34
April, 1820
2,115.40
14.193.70
Aug. 1826
2,388.90
3.156.16
Tio"a Co
June, 1823
4.27-2.81
5,373.8!:
May, 1S28
4,044.04
6.249.34
I'Nter Co
Nov. 1816
11.145.91
2.191.24
TJtica Welsh and Vic
Jan. 1817
Sept. 1S21
4,479.71
194.44
2,450.12
2,30(1.38
Mar. 1*17
19.092.11
7.458.51
Wat"rvliet
Jan. 1849
3.720.58
2.117.34
April, 1*47
3,731.43
4,775.31
Welsh B. S. of Nelson
Welsh B. S. of Rome
Welsh B. S. of Holland
Patent
Sept. 1856
Mar. 1855
May, 1855
12.00
228.08
184.48
53.35
132.73
77.40
Aug. 1X27
19,614.17
6,977.71
Feb. 1S50
2.310.K2
4.634 73
Yates Co
Dec. 1827
4,372.10
3,468.60
3 This society has a large property vested in a publishing
house and grounds, corner of Nassau and Spruce Streets. New
York, and in the stock, machinery, and materials used in th<-
manufacture of books and tracts. Its fiscal affairs arc managed
by a finance committee. It has 31 auxiliaries in the State of
New York. The receipts up to May, 1858, were $5,856,711.05,
about three-fifths of which were derived from sales, and the re-
mainder from donations. Previous to May, 1*58, this society
had circulated 13.098.013 volumes. 188,971,408 publications,
4.753,741.573 pages; including 149.761 volumes (9.831 sets) ol
the Evangelical Family Library, 94,026 volumes (2,089 sets) of
the Christian Library, 48,638 volumes (1,990 sets) of the Reli
gious or Pastor's Library, 319.323 volumes (4.557 sets) of thi
Youth's Library, and 100,921 volumes (20.044 sets) of the Youth's
Scripture Biography. The society publishes an Almanac, the
American Messenger, (in English and German.) and Child's
Paper, in large editions : and issues books and tracts in the Eng-
lish, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Welsh,
Hutch. Danish, Swedish, and Hungarian languages. It operates
through branch and auxiliary societies, general agents and su-
perintendents, and paid and volunteer colporteurs. The Ameri.
can Tract Society of Boston, which formerly co-operated with
this, is now a distinct organization.
Societies of kindred character were formed in the State pre-
vious to this, the more important of which was the New York
Religious Tract Society, formed in 1812, with auxiliaries in vari
crus parts of the country.
4 This society has established 27 missions, 121 stations, and
101 out stations in Africa, Greece, Western and Southern Asia,
China, Sandwich Islands, Micronesia, and among the North
American Indian Tribes. It employs 373 missionaries and as-
sistants, and 524 native pastors and assistants, has 8 printing
presses, and up to 1858 had issued 1.080,481,083 pages of tracts
and n-ligjous hooks. These missions numbered 318 churches,
and 27,740 members; and the educational department embraced
10
14 e NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The American Home Missionary Society was formed May 12, 1826, for the pur-
pose of supporting the ministry in feeble and destitute Presb. and Cong, churches in the U. S. 1
The American Sunday School Union was formed in 1824, for the purpose of en-
courao-ino- the establishment of Sunday schools and of supplying them with books. Its central
office is at Philadelphia. The New York Sunday School Union, auxiliary to this, was established
in 1816, and has numerous local subordinate societies in different parts of the State. 2
The American Seamen's Friend Society was formed in 1828, and endeavors to
carry out the intentions expressed in its title by distributing Bibles and tracts, supporting the
ministry, and otherwise promoting the moral welfare of seamen. 3
The American .Bethel Society was instituted in 1836, for the purpose of opening
chapels for boatmen and mariners, distributing tracts, and extending other means for their moral
improvement. It established a magazine named the " Bethel Flag ;" and has auxiliaries in many
places on the lakes, rivers, and canals.
The American and Foreign Christian Union was formed in 1849, for the special
object of counteracting the influence of the Romish and other churches opposed to the class usually
denominated " evangelical." 4
The Central American Education Society was formed for the purpose of
assisting young men preparing for the ministry. In 1858 the society aided 111 students.
The American Colonization Society was formed at Washington, Jan. 1817, for
the colonization of free colored persons in Africa. The ]Vew York State Colonization
Society was formed at Albany, April 9, 1829, and has had numerous auxiliaries in the State. 5
The National Compensating Emancipation Society, formed in 1857, has fop
its object the purchasing of slaves for the purpose of giving them freedom.
The American Anti Slavery Society was organized Dec. 4, 1833. Auxiliary societies
were formed throughout the State. 6
The American Missionary Association was formed Sept. 1846, as a Home and
Foreign Missionary Society. Business office in N. Y. City. Receipts for first 12 years of its exist-
ence, $421,001.98. Present and monthly income, $3,000 to ?5,000. It has a slaves' Bible fund. The
assoc. publish The American Missionary (paper) and American Missionary Magazine, both monthly.
Young Men's Christian Associations have been formed in most of the cities and
6 seminaries, 17 ether boarding schools. 619 free schools, (of
which 312 were supported by the Hawaiian Government.) and
17.020 pupils. The receipts "in the year ending July 31, 1858,
were $334,018.48, the principal part of which was derived from
donations. Forty-Ninth Report A. B. C. F. if., 1858.
1 This society was formed by the union of two societies pre-
viously formed by the Presbv'terian and Reformed Protestant
Dutch Churches. It is supportrd by the Congregationalists and
New School Presbyterians, and to some extent by the Reformed
Protestant Dutch, Lutheran, and German Reformed Churches.
In 1858. 1,012 persons were connected with this society or its
agencies and auxiliaries, of wlv'cli 133 are within this State.
The number of congregations and stations fully or statedly sup-
plied is 2.034: Sabbath school scholars, 65.500; contributions to
benevolent objects, $24.272. 'JX. The receipts in 12 months were
$175.971.37 ; the p:\yments in the same time were $190.735.70.
Total receipts in 32 years, J3.456.082; total years of labor,
18.871: total additions to churches. 150.275.
There is a central and a western agency in this State. the
offic" of the former of which is at Utica and of the latter at
Geneva. The number of missionaries aided within the year was
133. Total contributions, $39,347.96.
2 This movement was supported by most of the evangelical
denominations: but several of them have since established Sun-
day school organizations among themselves. The American
Sunday School Union had, in 1858, expended about $2.500.000 in
books, and $1,000,000 more in organizing Sunday schools. Its
receipts for the last year were $65.076.14; and 'it had formed
1,524 new schools, with 57.7S" pupils and 9,694 teachers The
New York Sunday School Union had, in 1858. 210 schools, re-
porting 60.00(1 pupils, 4.825 teachers, 82.294 books in libraries.
and $13,089 raised by contributions. Sunday schools in some form
are, support,.,! by nearly every religious denomination, and are
chiefly for Biblical instruction. A State Sunday School Teachers'
Convention, formed in 1855. meets annually." Its third report
made i let. 1S5<<. gave a total in the State of 1,895 schools, 22 263
officers and teachers, and 212.312 pupils.
3 This society has 15 stations in various parts of the world,
and grants aid to various Bethel operations not connected with
The receipts for the year ending in 1858 were $25.236.20;
and th" total expenses in the seamen's cause about $100,000 '
Z.25J manners had been received at the Sailors' Home in New
\ork, and the whole number received into that institution from
its establishment was 52,353.
4 The association has 61 home laborers ; and its receipts in the
year ending in 1*58 were $76,603.22. Its expenses in the same
time were $79.604.33. It has agents, and supports chapels in
several foreign countries.
5 The slave trade was abolished in 18o7, and after Jan. 1,
1808. the cargoes of captured slaves were to be sold for the bene-
fit of the State where they might land. By an act of March
3. 1819. the General Government appropriated $100.000 for the
restoration of a large number of Africans to their native coun-
try. By the co-operation of the Government with this Society
a purchase was made in Dec. 1821. in the neighborhood of Cape
Muntsprado. on the w. const of Africa, fmm which has grown
the present Republic of Liberia, under the special patronage of
this society. Formal possession was taken April 28, 1822.
Several of the subordinate State societies have been merged
in anti-slavery and other more radical societies for the termi-
nation of slavery. In the year ending in 1858 the receipts of
the New York Colonization Society were ?!.",. iijj i'ij.
6 The expenses of the society for the year ending in 1858 were
$17.052, including those of the Anti Slavery Standard, its prin-
cipal organ. Receipts, $15,200 from the paper and donations,
and $17. 355 by auxiliaries.
A Xew York State Anti Slavery Society, with numerous aux-
iliaries, was formed about 183436, and its friends soon organ-
ized themselves into a political party. The highest State vote
of this partv was in 1844, when it amounted, on the Governor's
ticket, to 15,136. Slavery existed under the Dutch, and was
continued through the English period of our colonial history.
An act was passed March 31, 1817, declaring that every child
born of a slave in this State after July 4, 1799, should be free at
the age of 28 if a male, or at 25 if a female. Every child born
aft'T the p.iss;ige of the act was to become free at the age of 21.
and measures were ordered for the education of children held
in service. The importation of slaves was prohibited. The first
emancipation under this law, therefore, took effect July 5. 1^27.
as the law fixed the period as after instead of tipnn the 4th of
July, as wns perhaps intended. The 5th of July has sometimes
bei-n celebrated as their anniversary of independence ; and henco
arises the slang expression of ' Fourth of July one day iirtrr."
Tlm= born before the above date remained slaves till their dath.
and the census of 1855 reported one such as living in the Staff.
The numb'T of slaves in New York at different periods has
Ven as follows :
1790 21.324 1810 15.017 I 1820 10,046 I 1840 4
1800 20.613 1814 11.480 | 1830 75 1850
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 147
large villages in the United States and British Provinces. They form a general confederation,
the State of New York forming the fourth district. These associations embrace within their
objects a library, reading room, lectures and prayer meetings. 1
The Young' Mess's Christian Union of New York is supported by the Unitarian and
Universalist denominations principally.
Young Men's Associations for mutual improvement have been formed in various parts
of the State and under various names. The plan of organization is essentially alike ; and it
usually includes a library, reading room, cabinet, lecture course, and debating club. Most of
these associations have been organized by special acts, and their affairs are managed by executive
committees chosen annually by the members. They can hold a limited amount of property for
the special objects of their organization. 2
In most of the large villages, associations have been formed for the support of lectures at stated
intervals in the winter months. They are generally of a temporary character, are re-organized
every season or are attached to academies or other existing institutions.
Tlie ]Vew York State Temperance Society was formed April 2, 1829. Its objects
were to suppress intemperance and limit the traffic in intoxicating liquors. It received the support
of a large number of the best and most philanthropic citizens, and its influence spread rapidly
throughout the State. 3 Since the formation of the first society, efforts to suppress intemperance
have been made upon an extended scale, and the strong arm of the law has been invoked to pro-
hibit the traffic in alcoholic liquors.
Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. " The Ancient and Honorable Fra-
ternity of Free and Accepted Masons" of the State of New York is under the government of a
Grand Lodge, composed of its Grand Officers and the representatives (the Master and Wardens)
of every lodge in the jurisdiction. As at present constituted, the Grand Lodge dates from 1785,
when Chancellor Robert R. Livingston was elected Grand Master, and continued in office till 1801.*
In 1859 there are 430 chartered lodges in the State, (numbered to 474,) with about 33,000 mem-
bers, numbering among them a very respectable class in all the walks of life. There is at least
one lodge in everv county in the State, (except Hamilton ;) 93 of the lodges are in the city of New
York ; and a lodge is located in every considerable town and village. The annual receipts of the
1 Tn July, 1858, associations of this kind were in active ope-
ration in Albany, Albion, Black Rock, Brooklyn, Buflaln, Cats-
l;ill. Flushing, Hudson, Jamestown, New York, Oswego. I'ough-
keepsie, Rondout, Saratoga Springs. Sla^lt n. 7>"//, I'lica, and
W it'Tford. Those in italics belonged to the confederation.
2 The first organization of this kind in the State was the Al-
bany Young Men's Association, formed Dec. 13, 1833, and in-
corp. March 12, 1835. The following is a list of these associa-
tions in the State formed under special acts :
NAME AND LOCATION.
Date nf
incorporation.
Remarks.
Albany, Albany co
Buffalo, Erie co
March 12, 1835
March 3,1843
May 12, 1846
April 11, 1842
Mv 13, 1S46
April 17, 1839
April 10, 1844
March 2,1843
May 14, 1S40
Dec. 1849
March 9.1839
April 10, 18.35
March 25. 1S37
April 17, 1.841
Fully organize... Li-
brary 7,000 vols.
Library in 1855, 7,500
vols.
Library in 1855, 1,800
vols.
Closed.
/Library in 1 V " >.
\ about 3,000 vols.
Fully organized.
Closed.
Burned out in 1849.
' " (German)
Klmira., Chemung co....
Fulton, Oswego co
Geneva, Ontario co
Port Byron, Cayuga co.
Sackets Harbor, Jeffer-
son CO
Saratoga Springs, Sara
Fr.uiklin Institute, ">
! Syracuse, Cnonda- >
Fchenectady, Schenec-
Troy, Rensselaer co
.Watertown. Jefferson co.
3 The fourth report of the State Society, in 1838, gave 1,538
societies and 231,074 members. Its principal organ, the Temper-
ance Recorder, was begun March 6. 1832, at Albany, and issued
m.my years. It also published almanacs, tracts, and circulars
to a large extent. The American Society for the Promotion of
"it pi;n'rance, formed in 1827, was in 1836 succeeded by the
' .A ni'Tican Temperance Union." The latter, in the year ending
in Is.'iS. received 1.987.20. Its principal organ is the Journal
of the American Temperance Union, at New York. Both this
and the State Society are still in operation. About 1841-4.~> the
Wa-liingtoiiian" temperance movement, originating among
ivf' >rnicd inebriates, spread over the State, and M-VITJI! thousand
independent societies were formed under it, must of which, how-
ever, died out with the enthusiasm under which they were
creal 1. The secret orders of " Kechabites" and Sous of
Temperance" originated in New York, about 1842, and .subse-
quently those of "Cadets of Temperance," "Daughters of Tem-
j. .run.'..' 1 "Gfid Samaritans," "Daughters of Samaria,"
Knights Templar. " Social Circles," and other associations of
a similar class were formed fur the avowed purpose of pro-
moinm temperance reform. Numerous lodges or encampments
were formed, and these societies at one time embraced large
muni" rs of members. Several of them have been given up en-
tiiviy: and it is believed none of them are inciea-iiig. They
required a form of initiation and pledge of secrecy, had fixed
dues payable at regular intervals, provided money to assist the
sick and bury the dead, and gave certificates of membership,
which, with passwords and other tokens of recognition, might
enable a person to claim a-.-, Malice among strangers belonging
tn the order.
The License question was submitted to the popular vote May
5. T*40. with the result of 111,854 /or, and 177,683 apainsi, license.
The operation of the law wits deemed by many to be unequal;
and its effect upon the temperance cause was unquestionably
adverse. In 1847 the majorities l/rr license were laig in nioM,
of the towns. The ''Maine Law." or prohibition movement,
bewail in 1 S;l. and was ur^ed by its friends with great force
during several sessions of the Legislature. A prohibitory law
\vi- pa-sed. but was declared unconstitutional by the Court of
Appeals. The present law regulating the sale of intoxicating
liquors, passed April 16, 1857, provides a Board of txcise. Com-
i'ii--i"tiers in each couuty for granting licenses and prosecuting
violations of the law.
4 At the closj of his term there were 94 lodges in the State
of which the oldest was St. Jnhn's, No. 1. i yet in active exist
i'ii. e, ' established in the city of New York in 1707. Uen. .lacol
Morton was Grand Master from 1801 to 1806, De Witt Clinton
from IMH; to 1S2H. and Daniel D. Tompkins from IvJd to 1822,
when the Grand Lodge became divided. In 1826, at the com-
mencement of the Anti-Masonic excitement, (see Genesee co.,)
there were about 360 lodges in the State, (numbered to 507.)
with about 22.UOO members. In 18B6 the number of lodges bad
been reduced below 75, with a corresponding membership, say
4.000.
148 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Grand Lodge are about $16,000; and during the year ending in June, 1859 the amount expended
for charitable relief by the Grand Lodge and its immediate agents was about $3,000 ; and probably
hree times more than that sum was expended for the same purposes by lodges and individual
Masons There is in the Hall and Asylum Fund, raised for charitable and educational purposes
about $25 000, controlled by trustees chosen by the Grand Lodge, (it not being incorporated;) and
this sum is constantly being increased from various sources,-a portion of it arising from t
gtated revenues of the Grand Lodge. The fraternity are now all united in one body, under the
jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge and its subordinates, and are in a sound and flourishing condition.
The office of the Grand Secretary and place of business of the fraternity is m Odd Fellows Hall,
corner of Grand and Center Sts., New York. The Grand Lodge is in correspondence and direct
communication with all the Grand Lodges and Masonic fraternity throughout the world. 1
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. This order was introduced into the United
States from Manchester, England ; and the first regular lodge was opened at Baltimore, in 1819.
The Grand Lodge of the U. S. includes 42 subordinate Grand Lodges in the States and Territories,
Canada, and the Sandwich Islands. There are 2 Grand Lodges and 623 subordinate lodges in
this State. 2
Sons of Malta. This order embraced in this State, on the 1st of July, 1859, the Grand
Lodge of the State and 8 subordinate lodges, with an aggregate membership of 12,680.
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
THE formation of County Medical Societies was authorized by an act passed April 4, 1806.
They were empowered to grant licenses to practice medicine in the State and to collect of the
members a sum not exceeding $3 annually. Delegates sent from each co. society, in number
equal to the representation of the co. in Assembly, were to constitute a State Medical Society,
which had the power of granting diplomas to practice medicine and to decide upon cases appealed
from the co. societies. Although local societies were formed under this act in most of the counties
then existing, several of them have ceased to exist ; and there are at present but about 40 county
societies that are represented by delegates. The State Society was formed Feb. 5, 1807, and is
1 The stated festivals of the fraternity are on the 24th of June
and 27th of December, usually styled St. John's days. The offi-
cers of the Grand Lodge and of the subordinates are elected
annually ; and the time and place for the " Annual Communica-
tion" of the Grand Lodge is on the first Tuesday of June, in
the city of New York.
The elective Grand Officers of the Fraternity are Grand Master,
Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, Junior Grand
Warden, Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and 5 Grand Chap-
lains.
Statistics of the Odd Fellows for the year ending Jan. 30, 1858.
LODOES.
ENCAMPMENTS.
Total number
U. S. Grand
Lodge.
Grand Lodge
Northern
Neiv York.
Grand Lodge.
Southern
New York.
ft
%
Subordinate
Encampments,
United States.
Subordinates,
Northern
New York.
Subordinates,
Southern
New York.
^i
r*1
| s
g^
Lodges, or Subordinate
encampments .
3,390
16,549
1,713
1.739
176,700
23,151
2,705
$294,992.91
68,614.55
11,284.06
67,364.70
1,223,685.03
493
690
51
82
11,783
715
113
$11,263.80
3,185.18
207.29
2,250.00
44,756.78
130
448
27
118
8,475
1,345
393
$29,663.62
6,545.17
388.69
5,091.17
69,981.18
623
1,138
78
200
20,258
2,060
506
$40,927.42
9,730.35
595.98
7,341.17
114,737.96
651
2,755
79
220
22,319
902
93
$28,171.10
3,111.60
10.00
5,377.24
110,156.54
71
56
2
8
979
22
13
60
84
116
2
12
1,460
54
1
$574.00
3,00
10.00
90.84
4,446.67
Number of initiations....
" rejections....
died
4
487
32
1
$363.00
3.00
' " members
" re-
1 eved
No. of widows and fami-
lies relieved
Amount paid for relief of
members
$211.00
Am. .tint jviiil for relief of
widowed families
Amount paid for educa-
tion nf orphans
10.00
40.84
2,019.92
Amount paid for burying
the dead
90.00
2,426.75
(Amount of annual re-
ceipts
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
149
J-QW composed of delegates from co. societies, 1 delegate from each medical college, 5 from the
New York Academy of Medicine, honorary members by virtue of office or by election, and per-
manent members elected after 4 years' service as delegates. The annual meetings of the society
are held on the first Tuesday of February. The State Society has maintained a regular organization
from the beginning ; and since 1848 its proceedings have been reported annually to the Legisla-
ture and published with their documents. 1
Homeopathic Medical Societies may be organized in the several counties under an act of April
13, 1857 ; and such have been formed in Kings, Livingston, New York, Oneida, and perhaps other
counties. 2
County Medical Societies.
COUNTY.
Date of
Organization.
first President.
First Secretary.
First No.
f
Members.
Present
No. of
Members.
July 29, 1806
Vi'm. McClelland
Charles D. Townsend
9
45
Nov 6 1823
Cheater Lusk
Ammi Doubleday
20
1S36
Asa K. Ilowell
17
15
Aug. 5. 1- 10
Tracy Robinson
Geo. Mowrey
6
40
Clinton
Tune 1806
Wm Wilson
Wm. Bav
11
27
Au"- 10 1808
Lewis S. Owen
Geo. W. Bradford
8
22
1806
Joshua II. Brett
Adam J. Doll
20
40
1806
Samuel Bard
Van Kleck
10
35
1815
Josiah Trowbridgc
8
95
Es^ex
Oct. 1809
Records lost.
/LU" 5 ISOfi
\Ve,fel Willoughby.jr..
Andrew Fnrroll
9
|l,.,. 17 ISOli
John IHirkec
Hindi Hendersiin
13
M-irch '' I*' 1 ''
1 ' ] nelius Low
Andrew Vander/.e
9
65
Records burned
Organization abandoned.
Mav 2'. ivjl
Charles Little
Cyrus \\ells
9
32
.lul'v 27 1S06
Israel Farrell
Elijah I'ratt
20
46
May 9 T-''l
Alexander Iv-lsey
Frederick F. Backus
20
94
Tulv ^ ISOfi
8
20
July 1 1806
Nicholas Romayue,
Edward Miller
106
450
ISOfi
Amos fi. Hull
David Hashrouck
29
90
6 . datr
July 1 1806
Juhn II. Friebie
Walter Colton
11
62
Ontario ..,.,
July 1, 1806
Jonathan Sweezey
Nathaniel Elmer
22
50
Origins
Tulv 17 1R1
Benjamin Coe
Luther Cowen
7
36
Ofsefff
July 1 1806
Joseph White
Caleb Richardson
14
37
July 18 1806
Benjamin Woodward...
Ira M. Wells
20
May 18 1&50
John Dernarest
Charles Whipple
11
11
Oct 14 1807
Joseph W. Smith
W. Noble
5
Oct 1857
S. B. Wells
P. C. Van Dyck
10
14
Dec 29, 1857
Nelson Wintou
Thomas Shanuon
7
7
Stonb^n
^utf >lk
July 22 1806
David Conkliu
D Moses Blach'-ly
Tin".a
Ul-ter . .
July 1 1806
Andrew Proudfit
Wm. Livingston
23
28
May 8 1797
Archibald Macdonald
Wat=on Smith
41
March 4 1S23
Joshua Lee
John Hat maker
12
25
1 Tlie first act regulating the practice of physic and surgery
in New York was passed June 10. 17fio. It was aiiu-ndi'd in
17!i'2 and 1797. and under the latter the judges of State courts
ami courts of Common Pleas and Masters in Chancery were.
upon proof of two years' study nf medicine, authorized to license
persons to practice as physician 1 .. By the act of 1806, medical
societies might be formed in each co. by securing fiye or m<>re
members; and where there were I 3 ss than five physicians in a
co. they might unite with th" soeiety nf a neiirhlioriug Co.
Tlie restrictions upon practice without a diploma wen' finally
a)>iili-lieil in 1 *44 : and the l;i\v nmv makes no distinction between
t!i" dirt'-rent classes of practitioners. Tlmse assuming to act as
pli\ -ieians become responsible for their practice, and. if not
d by a county or the State Society or regularly graduated
at a medical school, can collect pay according to the time em-
ployed, but they cannot collect the specific fees, implying pro-
fessional skill, which are recognized by the established usages
of the profession.
- The number of homeopathic practitioners in the State is
ab'.nt t',oii. of whom 1'i'iare in New York and Brooklyn. Tl:a
Central. Bond St.. and Northern Ilonie..pathic Dispensaries in
New York, the Homeopathic Dispensary of Brooklyn, the
Ila'.neinann Academy of Medieine of New York, and the Hrnie.,.
pathir Medical Society of Northern N. Y.. are sustained l.y Iliis
cl:'>s of physicians, and the North American Homeopathic
Journal, (quarterly.) the Homeopathic Id-view, (mo.,1 and tlie
Honieopatbir. (semi-mo..) all published at New York, are de-
voted to their interests.
150
NEW YORK GAZETTEER.
Population, Classified by Color, Political Relation, Nativity, &c., according to the State
Census of 1855.
"
POLITICAL
RELATIONS.
NATIVITIES.
Over 21 who cannot
Head or Write.
Deaf and Dumb.
a
_c
R
Insane.
Idiotie.
COUNTIES.
c
_o
3
1
"e
1
COLOR.
vi
3
a
i ^
12
PQ
I
I
0=
1
^
i
"a
r
11
'S s
b55
sS
>'.
,= 3
"<
Albany
Allegany
103,681
42,910
36,650
39,530
53,571
53,580
27,288
39,915
42,482
44.341
24,575
39.749
60.635
132,331
28,539
25,897
23,284
31.532
31,137
2.543
38,566
65.420
216,355
25,229
37,943
43,687
96,324
30,808
629,810
48.282
107,749
86.575
42.672
60,868
28,435
69 398
102,842
42.729
36,135
39,401
53,171
53.271
26,825
39,701
42,351
43,137
24,547
39.555
58,806
131,473
28,403
25.460
23,124
30,948
30,325
2,539
38,394
65,223
211,875
25,186
37,734
43,362
95.835
30,407
618,064
47,880
107,134
86.073
42,088
58.720
28,325
69,030
49.518
13,805
43.216
78.340
20.791
19.014
74,875
48.737
19.261
33.063
18.701
25.190
62,557
39,018
29.377
26,732
31.207
66.510
19.589
44,185
46,515
78,750
32.119
19,715
839
181
515
129
390
109
463
214
131
1,254
28
194
1,829
858
136
17
160
86
812
4
172
197
4,480
43
209
325
489
401
11,840
402
615
502
584
2,148
110
368
217
129
3.050
894
590
497
102
642
311
456
76
168
408
1,888
no
230
249
1,426
70
220
245
1,928
29
97
18.616
9.884
8^282
8,637
11.526
11.912
5.859
9.700
6,374
9.412
5.902
9.065
12,498
21,743
5.652
4.4", 2
5,066
6,477
6,952
599
8.578
14.206
32,627
5,284
8,136
9,974
17,272
6,786
88.877
8,257
20,946
16.933
9,147
11.301
5,704
14,609
12,177
3,037
8,187
14,933
3,795
3.580
13,984
10,377
3.790
7,376
4,377
5,395
14,151
7,939
5,727
6,181
7,456
13.197
4,165
9.355
10.205
14,245
7,064
4474
20,282
2,032
2.056
2,645
4,863
4.795
1.191
977
8.404
3.800
704
1,532
6,861
37.274
2.994
3,739
1,559
4.107
1.522
168
3.955
5.377
65.536
2,751
4.329
3.232
22.837
2.688
232.678
10.327
18.472
73.549
4.757
7.955
3,813
7,372
1.640
1,215
8,618
14.921
5.078
3.457
9,915
5.748
2.94:;
874
587
2.153
3.605
3,083
3.606
979
1,160
9,487
1,643
4.S22
4,71,7
16,741
2,827
942
64,705
32,826
27.874
28,918
40.720
37.965
19.9S3
32.492
25,222
36.500
19,989
33.575
48.073
66.945
19,057
14,583
19,632
20,339
27.338
1,998
30,283
50.1113
94.122
17,583
26.141
34,060
53,939
25.762
262,156
27.753
< 8,302
57.589
30,661
45.339
19.S41
50.731
42,208
11,628
33.092
51,667
14,094
13,512
47,991
37.423
14.59f
31.195
15.379
19,253
48,737
34.983
21,508
20.760
25.587
53.131
14.631
32.297
35.077
52.035
22,438
16,08L
70.407
39,150
32,921
34,629
46,033
46,444
24.075
37,728
29,279
39,141
23,139
36.072
50,724
77,620
23,799
19,258
20,811
24.920
28.755
2,225
32,607
56,471
115.245
19.669
31,185
39,336
63,048
26,714
303,721
33.205
76,868
65.12C
35,639
49.718
23.363
56.895
46.674
12,228
34.SOC
57.447
15,441
15.030
59,667
41.305
15,217
32.117
17,64.8
22.49S
56.489
36,807
23,185
25,028
29,538
54,73*5
17,122
37,482
39,380
57,401
26,97 S
18,277
33,247
3,153
3.225
4,066
6,854
6.797
2.876
1,747
13.021
5,107
1,380
3.5'U
9,707
54.257
4.6S4
6.622
2.44s
0,427
2,261
310
5,803
8,630
100.2oti
5.470
6,549
4,351
33,276
3.880
322.469
14,717
30.354
20.949
6.803
10.761
4 961
12,024
2.771
1,694
11,135
21.445
5,882
4.4:;-;
15.016
7,927
4,303
1,294
966
2,763
2.196
4,211
6.128
1,597
1.849
13.162
2,479
6,791
7.103
23.132
5.060
1,408
3.231
536
611
496
890
749
675
273
4.449
1.069
245
283
1,567
2.315
1.154
1,323
531
436
516
53
608
991
8,924
722
376
Ms
2,105
625
25,858
976
3.062
2.150
570
1.241
736
1,778
569
425
1.588
3.080
245
980
2.272
1,271
269
601
219
365
870
681
655
436
271
2,997
348
1,030
668
3,131
266
281
18
18
18
21
17
14
8
17
20
20
7
18
19
35
7
15
12
16
11
21
41
45
8
13
27
27
26
411
11
48
24
21
18
13
33
24
5
21
19
3
7
26
18
7
9
4
5
21
12
8
11
6
26
9
22
21
14
17
9
25
11
5
T,
14
11
5
19
18
11
13
6
15
32
10
15
10
9
8
26
28
44
7
9
18
30
14
316
14
42
28
10
14
4
24
18
9
13
12
(
23
13
8
<
1
I
13
1
2 !
15
15
a
11
16
46
20
32
31
39
21
11
34
18
34
25
29
43
66
15
17
20
30
27
1
37
62
16
21
14
43
56
14
655
25
517
22
26
42
10
41
54
C
<
46
42
12
39
35
j
10
19
28
26
46
46
35
26
45
38
11
46
28
28
34
25
17
43
21
20
20
35
27
4
36
66
27
36
13
41
30
21
52
24
56
40
32
36
11
62
60
13
8
32
2
16
51
43
16
19
24
18
29
13
20
13
43
28
12
44
36
41
30
23
Cattaraugus ..
Chautauque...
Chemung
Chenango
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
DutchesB
Franklin
Fulton ...
Genesee
Greene
Hamilton
Hei-kimer
Jefferson
Livingston....
Montgomery..
New York
Niagara
Onondaga
49,735
13.934
46.266
79,234
21.389
19,511
74.977
49.379
19,572
33.519
1S.777
25,358
59.099
41.066
29,487
26,962
31,516
67,936
19,669
Putnam
Rensselaer ....
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence .
Schenectady..
Schoharie
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
11
Ib
28
23
10
44
22
56
21
13
Tuiiipkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington...
44.405
46,760
80,678
32,148
19,812
Westchfster..
Wyoming
Total
3,466.212
3,420,926
45,286
652,322:632.746
2,222.321 2.52^.44
917,708 H 96,489 1 1,422 1,136,2,742 1.M2
Percentages of the Several Classes to the Total Population.
White males 49.23
" females 49.47
Colored males 0.61
" females 0.69
l males 49.84
females 50.16
Pinsrle 60.08
Married 36.15
Widowers 1.02
Widows 2.75
Niitive voters 14.90
Naturalized voters 3.91
Aliens 18.54
Owners of land 10.41
Over 21 years who cannot read and
write 2.78
Ages under 5, males _ 6.85
" females 6.74
Aged 5 and under 10, males 5.73
" females 5.64
Aged 10 and under 15, males 5.46
" " females 5.35
Aged 15 and under 20, males 4.91
females 5.45
Aged 20 and under 30, males P.43
" " females 10.44
Aged 30 and under 40, males 7.2S
" " females 6.78
Aged 40 and under 50, males 4.79
" " females 4.39
Aged 50 and under 60, males 2.91
" females 2.76
Aged 60 and under 70, males 1.55
" " femali<s 1.56
Aged over 70, males 0.84
" females 0.85
POPULATION. 151
Summary of Population at different period's in the several Counties, as now organized.
COUNTIES.
1790.
1800.
1810.
1814.
1820.
1825.
1830.
1835.
1840.
1845.
1850.
1855.
13.717
25.155
34.661
33885
38116
4-2 S- 1 !
53 5^0
59 762
6S 593
77 208
93 79
103 6S1
1 443
2207
6 520
13 184
20 238
97 995
30 254
31 409
37 ^08
49 9101
45
2730
6,481
7 423
11 100
13 S93
17 579
"ii I'i'i
00 338
95 SQ8
30 r60
36 650
458
537
4090
6 643
ii; 7"-i
24 986
28 872
30 169
38 50
39 530
10,817
29 843
33609
38 897
42 743
47 ')4s
49 202
C 338
49 663
55 458
53 571
Chaiitauque.
2.381
4 ..",9
12 .M:S
20 639
34 671
44869
47 976
46 548
50 49"
53380
Ohemung
ChfMiaiigo
Clinton
2,931
1 diy.
1.848
6.500
3916
2.852
21.704
S sir'
3.115
24.221
7 764
4,272
31.215
12 070
8,011
34,215
144sii
11,562
37,238
19 344
14.439
40,762
"0 74''
15.4S3
40.785
28 157
17.742
39900
31 "78
21.737
40.311
27.2S8
39.915
4" 4S"
Cclunil'iu
Cortluinl
27,732
35.322
9S2
32.39 )
s XT'.)
33.979
10 893
38.330
16 507
37.970
20 "71
39^907
23791
40,746
24 16S
43J252
24 607
41.976
25 081
43,073
9=, 140
44.341
94 575
Delaware
2.74--.
:;t;:;:U
10.228
37,909
203113
41 190
21,290
43 7o7
26.5S7
46 615
29,565
46 608
33,024
50 9' 7 6
34.192
50 704
35.396
5" ,9S
3C.990
55 1"4
39 s:;4
',s 'in"
39.749
60 635'
Eric
4 067
6,201
10S34
24:;ii;
35 719
57 594
6 465
7s r,",5
Inn 'IT;
1'! 331
41-7
9477
9 949
13 811
15 993
]') "s7
20 699
23 (i"4
9- -|,|9
31 148
S 539
Franklin
44:;
2719
2 ."168
4 4"9
7 978
11 312
12 501
16 518
IS t',9 1 '
>5 In '
"5 s'i7
6931
15 048
144'H
15 7 ''3
17 MI it;
20 451
21 597
IS 049
IS -~)79
"n 1 ~ 1
23 284
:; . 60
'> i:;.5
is 578
"o 7oS
26008
99 145
"S "II',
9S V4=,
28 I s
"1 "3
Grri'iie ....
7J028
12,584
I'.i 536
20 210
22^9 ,
26229
29 525
30 173
30 446
31 957
33 196
31 137
465
556
1 "r>l
1 296
1 325
1 054
1 907
1 SS9
9 1S8
9 ^.ll
Herkimer
Jell'-r.sun
2,827
4495
16,332
262
5,740
24742
15,140
8 303
23.725
18,564
7 i'..'i5
Til. 01 7
32,952
11 1*7
33.040
41.650
14 679
35^870
48,493
"ii 535
36,201
53.088
3'' 057
37.477
60,984
47 013
37.424
64,999
78 6''1
38.244
68,153
138 8S9
38,566
65.420
"l; ",55
1.362
6,433
6848
'i -' '7
11 I'll VI
15 2: 19
It', n93
17 s'jo
"II "IS
"4 5(4
"5 29
Liviiiu r -ton
2.448
8,036
10.526
25 141
13,181
v, "7i;
21,006
32 208
26,781
:;:. 646
27.71".'
39 038
35.683
41 741
42.498
40 008
38 389
40 9S"
40.S7:,
4", o7"
37.943
43 687
1 192
4 r.s:;
11 178
97 "ss
:; ( i ins
49 855
58 085
64 'Hi"
70 SQQ
S~ , ",' )
90 324
M'-m^'HiK-ry..
New York
18,261
33,131
13,015
60,489
23.007
96,373
1,465
22705
95,519
1 276
21840
123,706
7.322
j-_>.r,Mii
166,086
14 01 '.9
23.264
197,112
18 482
25.108
268,089
26490
35.81S
312,710
31 1">
24.643
371.22:;
31,992
515.547
4 "76
30,808
629,810
48 '?82
Oni'iila . .
1 891
2o.s:;'.i
30 634
45 62"
50 '197
57 S47
71 326
77 51S
85 310
84 776
99 Stir,
107 749
6,434
25,495
30,0 '<>
41 4'.7
4s 4:;.".
58 973
60 908
67 'I] 1
70 175
s'i s'in
si; ",7 ",
Ontario
1.075
8,466
22,088
22 S12
35.292
:;: 4" '
40 288
40 s7d
43 501
49 599
4", '!' 1
49 67"
22809
29368
:;4 :;47
34 'HIS
41 213
41 ',:','
45 :>60
45 096
50 739
5 2''"
57 145
nu ^ i , s
Orleans
1,164
] .V">4
5 :;4 i
14 460
17 732
22 893
25 1' 7 7
9--, X4-
"s Mil
os 435
348
3889
.") :;s"
12 3t!4
17 87.5
27 119
;s "4-,
43 619
4, } |]
69 19s
69 39^
i >r- go
1 702
21,636
38 802
41 5S7
44 *56
47 898
51 372
Mi 4"s
4 i i r,"s
50 509
48 638
Jil -;',
Putnam
8.9.",2
It', nl4
9,836
16 893
10,293
19 336
9.353
19 269
11.268
21 519
11.866
20 331
12.628
99 460
11.550
25 130
12.825
30 324
13,258
31 849
14.1 .",s
36 833
13,934
46 t>3
Rt'ii>st_'lacr
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga
Schencctady..
Scln h'irie
Schuyler
22.42S
3,835
6,001
1L077
5, 698
2.07:;
30,442
4563
6,353
454
24.4s:;
8,888
9,808
266
36,309
5,347
7,758
7,885
33,147
10.205
18,945
3,609
36.833
5.502
7.817
8,252
31,139
11.203
19,323
5,552
40,153
6,135
8,837
16,037
36,052
13,081
23.154
10,411
44.065
5,932
8,016
27,595
36,295
12,876
25,926
13773
49.424
7,082
9,388
36,354
38,679
12,347
27,902
13754
55,515
7,691
9,696
42,047
38,012
16,230
28,508
15 163
I'H.2.59
10,965
11,975
56,706
40,553
17.3S7
32,358
16 3<8
62,338
13,673
13,741
62,354
41,477
16,630
32,488
17 327
73.363
15,061
16,962
6S/.17
45,646
20,o:,4
33.548
18 519
79.234
21^89
19,511
74,977
49,379
19,572
33.519
18 777
4057
11 306
13 935
17 773
20169
21 041
22 67
24 74
24 972
9-, 441
25 358
Steuben
1,788
6036
8 983
18,068
20 282
28012
34961
40 651
46203
58 388
59 099
Suffolk
16 440
19464
21 113
21 368
24 - >72
23 695
26780
28 274
32 469
34 579
36 92
41 066
Sullivan. .
1,763
3222
6 108
6233
8900
10373
12364
13 755
15 629
18 727
25 088
29 487
Tioga
2.034
5860
5 188
7.966
9 988
13 425
16 534
20 527
22 456
24 880
26 962
927
5153
9 816
22167
27 951
31 333
32345
39 296
32,264
39 6Q4
31 516
Ulster
11! "''7
21 633
26 576
26 48
30934
32015
36550
39 960
45 S* 5 '"*
48 907
cq ou i
1 oSo
4 ->'.")
7 565
7 838
9453
10 906
11 796
1 034
13 4 W
14 908
17 TIM
Washington...
20,497
30.9S2
1 410
36,724
6575
36,359
11 20
38,831
"ii :;n'i
39,280
26 761
42,635
33 643
39.326
37 788
41,080
49 057
40,554
4 515
44.750
44 ( r."
44.405
AVf-t'-lirster...
\Vvmi ug ....
24,003
27,347
30.272
2736
26,367
5411
32,638
16 149
33.131
22 307
36,456
29047
38,789
39 771
48.686
34 ''45
47,394
30 691
58,263
31 9S1
80,tt7S
32 148
Yates
1 702
4867
5434
18 025
15 313
19 009
19 796
20 444
20 777
20 590
Total
340,120
588,603
961,888
1.035,910
1,372.812
1,614,458
1,913,131
2,174,517
2,428,921
2,604.495
3.097.394
3,466,212
Abstract from the Census of the Indians residing on Reservations in 1855.
CD
f* ^H
'*>
s
FU
"S
RESERVATIONS.
Where located.
V
ti
.
r^
1
? t
S
t
o 5
.
a
:''
n
g
1
1
1
52
^ tJ
t) B
i
C
6
? ="!
1
||
1
I
1
Alleiiany
C-Utarau CQ
376
378
138
5
242
100
9
117
1,714
389
203
96
9
526
Cattaiaugus "..
('atlaniUL'iis. Erie, & Chau-
t;iU'lUe COS
575
604
228
200
200
9
56
3.032i
729
389
197
91
1 054
Oneiil'i 6
88
73
21
9
52
80
1
31
354i
43
20
18
36
173
176
57
1
73
50
1
38
2,063^
141
49
42
44
142
St liei'i- r
Fnmklin co
206
207
87
9
132
34
1
l,425t
161
95
108
142
Shinne, , ,. k
Suffolk co
89
71
32
54
16
14
6
32
Touawauda
Gen, 'see, Erie, and Niagara
C'lS
290
312
106
2
153
1
40
2,515
261
144
97
409
Tuscarora
Niagara co
1,50
166
66
2
91
...
1
63
3J392
349
180
109
92
464
Tot:U<*
1 947
1987
735
"1
997
464
10
350
13867^
2089
1 094
673
236
2 805
" Tlie total number reported was. from noglect of the mar-
shal. I.,-, -mall. In May, ls.55, 1,388 were returned as entitled
to share in annuities.
'The n-turns of civil condition are too indefinite to be re-
lied on.
The larger part of this village is in Canada.
d In the returns of the last State census 235 Indians (102 males
and 133 females) not residing on reservations were enumerated
and reported with the population of the towns in which they
live. These, added to the numbers in the above table, make
2,049 males and 2,120 females, or a total of 4,169 Indians re-
siding in the State in 1855.
152
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Persons engaged in the various Professions, Trades, and Occupations
COUNTIES.
3lacksmiths.
4
K
V
1
g
8
e
c
Cabinet Makers and
Dealers.
Carpenters and Joiners.
Clerks, Copyists, and
Accountants.
Clergymen.
Cnafh and Wagon
Makers and Wheel-
wrights.
3
Dress Makers, Sewers,
and Seamstresses.
farmers.
Grocers.
eo
&.
V
1
%
$
o
1
Laborers.
\
561
869
214
1,202
1,148
87
244
204
767
5,728
7 Ifid
498
49
122
66
4,216
892
242
218
59
465
107
80
105
34
25
477
196
177
33
422
137
67
70
OR
39
643
160
163
44
326
79
64
57
QQ
49
1 362
289
335
107
647
238
89
137
148
tn
85
1 200
290
298
115
691
202
104
166
652
156
126
44
413
140
38
69
50
108
4.X
442
206
200
52
353
62
86
104
2 005
185
182
30
206
127
47
71
30
58
60
2 021
221
252
49
490
204
67
113
33
15
250
135
159
27
272
77
56
60
46
^71
183
183
38
377
64
72
67
48
58
292
351
147
703
209
88
155
90
252
5,591
e. ofi7
764
1,050
227
2,023
1,085
167
289
311
385
10,182
QIC
159
105
19
223
72
31
54
32
28
3,782
9=wl
109
97
26
212
60
37
42
27
30
4,410
1 Tifi
Fulton
111
117
24
297
61
24
44
43
36
195
150
37
382
98
61
144
53
64
6,507
132
153
43
234
82
58
63
36
66
4.190
10
3
1
14
2
1
1
2
511
240
249
41
404
156
52
78
53
86
6,321
356
379
95
763
213
116
144
144
134
7,000
53
735
1,816
466
2,935
4,708
313
265
533
1,734
476
1,199
84
102
29
218
54
35
46
59
44
4.975
27
224
236
76
427
145
76
106
102
119
4,774
46
55
2,167
243
259
73
484
136
86
129
101
144
7,019
9
51
618
878
183
1,381
668
141
277
519
418
7,957
265
93
4,901
165
168
27
352
103
37
67
34
111
3,131
106
50
1,722
2611
6.745
2,606
7,204
13,897
393
757
1,018
7,436
193
4,079
709
19,748
230
235
50
441
272
61
77
125
87
5,505
104
63
2,592
570
726
221
1,487
683
174
25f
184
483
11,880
190
131
4,487
451
560
107
1,132
551
133
216
394
265
9,079
139
102
3,168
268
243
48
410
163
103
112
101
82
6,333
53
34
1,259
340
299
69
667
298
102
198
78
298
5,455
78
85
2,695
153
157
23
269
111
M
75
83
118
4,067
41
19
1,618
303
338
97
768
308
112
101
698
147
8.667
110
53
1,976
332
281
66
580
129
93
154
88
167
9,985
16
78
642
92
133
9
230
37
25
18
19
36
1,957
7
4
539
189
285
37
679
198
53
104
21
132
3,598
67
46
2,316
404
555
112
947
624
98
151
126
480
5,824
208
86
3,477
80
86
34
386
134
31
19
16
8
574
54
68
728
133
178
20
269
59
32
41
2(
41
1,323
12
15
423
319
329
62
700
267
110
109
157
98
11,42"
66
59
1,349
208
183
39
508
185
79
86
69
87
5,960
53
56
1,293
132
149
37
212
137
26
42
1
94
2,234
41
31
2,912
160
161
39
379
60
42
79
81
41
5,37'
i
42
1.613
113
89
16
218
37
33
41
36
27
3,409
22
17
174
1 9 5
133
26
289
89
42
74
114
72
3,03i
4-
3
608
335
264
66
632
155
104
147
68
64
9,69
3
43
629
Suft'i'lk
149
231
27
602
117
80
8-
48
213
3.94
2
1.179
1B4
127
24
305
49
35
4o
14
32
3.61
1
43
1,455
Tioga . .
139
146
25
318
91
43
62
60
35
4,145
2
2
692
172
169
53
387
97
52
107
62
82
5,03
2
3
502
rioter
352
270
31
698
267
68
171
28
164
5.70
9
9
3,451
79
63
16
168
27
39
26
54
14
2,088
1
1
520
Washington
237
226
2fi9
265
45
65
455
561
171
192
87
83
121
12
61
156
119
146
7,204
7,494
5
6
3
43
1.258
1.172
Winchester
342
162
1,555
1^1
182
45
1,389
324
369
75
13
64
20
9
78
39
322
60
4.239
6,328
14
;
9
3
4.151
320
Yates
117
124
33
212
73
4
7
69
82
2,7 U4
1
1
491
Total
16,94
24,804
6,65
40.731
30,359
4,81
7.1:;
7,539
16,939
321,930
9,05
3.755
115,800
Nativities of the Population of New York.
The following Table shows the nativities of the population of the State, as reported by the census of 1855:
Where born.
Number.
Per cent.
Where, born.
Number.
Per cent.
New York
2,222,321
64077
Ohio
5,256
.151
('I'limrti'-iit
63,691
1 863
3.413
.098
Massachusetts
57,086
1 648
1,255
.036
\ 'Mil' tilt
54.266
1 565
1,163
.033
N-'\\ I I:UII(>-lliR-
14 '141
431
606
.017
! Inliind
11 737
339
13 T'4
Maine
5,818
168
Otll'T Sf it''-.
183
.005
NI-W ,!.'i~,.y
40391
1 164
922019
26.585
Pennsylvania
31 472
907
17 7 i '
.512
PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS.
in the several Counties, as reported by the State Census of 1855.
153
|
S
1
i
12
V
B
c
| g
1
1
1 **
1
<
^ ?
1
bg
1
R t>
1
i
ag
1
**
SK
.8
1
s
s"!
s
.e
t
s
I
v"-i
e
G *Z
4
e
1
1
t
gi
IS
% *!
|
b
is
1;'S
Vj
s
_g
ll
.fc
o
s
I
i'
i
I
O
k)
(J
JL
~1
5
I*
1
H
^
j*
|
11
<i!
1
a
.e
i
212
338
468
634
88
183
399
174
178
103
137
136
1.070
64
354
162
92
490
52
28
82
184
59
64
39
85
23
46
45
11
156
74
171
43
20
24
46
28
133
200
56
50
65
68
26
134
45
22
185
110
136
31
32
9
33
22
54
137
34
37
27
74
11
59
29
"4
112
55
99
27
17
14
73
151
192
176
96
99
132
114
73
77
73
17
428
45
158
31
39
98
67
90
108
226
62
111
88
125
41
145
55
12
309
72
239
36
50
50
46
52
128
93
45
68
71
52
22
66
36
8
203
44
100
14
23
20
54
19
68
164
40
63
46
77
17
43
2
156
53
124
4
23
24
36
71
86
170
34
32
28
44
18
57
39
7
105
35
86
115
16
11
65
80
105
216
71
77
98
83
43
65
39
15
271
24
155
47
35
148
20
8
57
99
51
42
36
49
8
12
33
4
117
34
116
9
21
8
41
6
61
200
37
67
26
70
14
3
30
2
118
97
205
20
12
17
76
171
205
385
124
67
166
103
42
104
53
8
288
54
201
72
59
185
196
176
687
714
141
131
438
218
210
118
146
180
1,063
187
313
100
157
58
44
17
56
112
33
31
24
34
10
1
22
3
48
34
76
99
14
3
12
7
35
88
22
19
20
29
8
28
16
3
57
14
72
1
14
26
25
2
75
112
22
36
49
32
3
22
4
99
193
71
44
15
11
33
13
128
149
74
27
73
75
19
45
55
22
124
31
108
5
14
8
29
19
54
156
53
62
36
47
6
3
26
46
141
60
115
36
15
55
3
6
1
1
...
1
1
3
43
10
13
1
33
52
99
123
53
61
52
62
20
23
51
32
152
111
125
23
26
47
68
84
173
329
139
153
104
125
28
56
86
27
414
109
210
40
50
39
354
556
1,628
2,649
37
411
1,150
336
676
102
163
543
2,481
122
290
147
340
69
11
3
54
74
25
32
37
42
28
11
88
8
89
9
12
5
64
56
97
137
86
44
67
73
15
16
60
13
150
18
128
20
16
10
43
61
105
.175
60
84
97
88
22
13
67
15
301
41
189
38
32
79
140
401
565
394
234
183
358
197
109
248
109
70
858
88
281
149
100
43
44
15
78
162
60
44
42
47
14
23
35
61
139
24
99
39
14
28
1,112
1,714
3,634
6,001
130
1,585
3,400
1.252
1,901
523
884
1,755
12,609
228
1,268
160
897
89
41
41
250
165
75
58
99
75
17
32
50
67
207
20
113
27
39
12
147
225
412
480
116
190
1 Hi
200
115
136
117
97
HS.S
146
334
118
103
121
118
122
365
342
14-J
123
275
131
68
146
126
92
488
42
250
76
53
53
49
56
137
164
101
51
95
102
23
67
55
6
183
5
108
40
32
11
59
87
239
308
92
99
109
89
37
225
64
42
357
47
191
118
61
77
32
9
76
99
66
59
61
60
21
12
32
12
104
20
94
9
19
5
74
92
231
241
171
84
125
113
38
14
65
25
281
75
246
87
33
24
52
32
94
197
68
100
82
89
26
1
78
7
.'
38
172
23
23
17
13
84
34
6S
26
IS
25
12
1
12
9
18
54
2
44
21
12
36
76
174
187
45
25
105
49
17
12
40
16
157
2
125
2
78
86
99
301
330
529
77
108
226
121
46
424
90
55
512
98
232
210
70
18
35
7
137
217
12
3
81
17
35
2
9
18
79
11
36
8
20
2
12
72
62
67
14
18
40
23
7
87
25
9
88
5
36
25
11
86
40
120
245
79
91
82
61
23
87
67
Hi
216
54
243
17
39
19
54
105
89
218
45
68
90
101
37
62
30
19
150
29
141
28
21
74
30
189
63
120
8
52
51
37
11
96
15
4
216
12
56
16
7
12
39
13
81
138
61
53
33
68
10
2
32
2
147
28
159
9
18
12
18
12
48
69
42
39
33
46
10
2
26
107
32
95
21
3
12
33
97
67
107
58
54
55
49
6
14
26
18
124
16
77
17
19
47
51
80
154
230
79
65
74
75
27
97
55
11
152
58
117
32
28
9
24
5
95
268
41
51
75
48
23
28
24
8
234
7
133
8
27
17
15
1
55
102
24
33
15
36
7
13
17
4
91
120
82
42
13
3
16
25
60
88
40
28
31
49
10
64
23
5
106
33
94
4
19
2
23
46
78
128
81
57
85
61
15
43
38
8
148
26
124
17
1
17
56
27
186
315
102
73
95
76
30
3
47
90
326
163
154
133
35
24
12
6
33
59
15
16
20
32
4
29
15
10
52
9i >
52
11
5
62
36
97
202
49
99
86
76
16
30
61
34
214
36
148
62
31
23
43
44
161
186
67
103
83
116
14
39
85
21
257
45
203
17
49
7
127
113
525
631
54
102
304
114
62
121
58
314
437
30
303
108
87
241
36
14
72
147
55
42
53
69
13
28
56
9
127
34
114
4
20
8
21
9
41
82
45
37
35
39
13
8
32
5
126
20
95
6
8
9
4,542
6.309 13.7M
J0,664 3.917
5.802
10,081
6.010 4.339
4,006
3.895
4.076
29.236
3.416
9.959 2,825
3.160 3.141
The total number of persons reported in 1855 as engaged in pursuits other than the foregoing was
as follows :
Actors .. 325
Barkeepers 987
Calico Printers 28
Agents 2340
Basket Makers 783
ers 544
Calkers 659
Bottlers 14
Card MHkers 47
Apothecaries and Drug-
Bellhangers and Lock-
Box Makers 379
gists . ... 1,438
smiths 659
Apprentices 1,421
Architects 261
Bellows Makers 24
Brewers and Distillers..-. 1.176
Carters and Draymen 7,350
Artificial Flower Makers 237
Bill Posters 7
Bridge and Dock Builders 142
Artists and Designers 751
Bird Cage Makers 7
Britannia Ware Makers.. 13
Cattle Dealers 13
Auctioneers 220
Blacking Makers 32
Brokers 1,233
Cement Makers "64
Authors 58
Block Makers 391
Ax Makers 2*3
Boarding House Keepers 1,680
Bruslimakers 622
Makers 622
Bakers 5,136
Boat Builders 693
Builders 1,081
Bankers 432
Butchers 6 308
Bank Officers 639
Boiler Makers 708
Button Makers 61
Barbers.... ,. 2,142
Bookbinders.... ... 2.121
Cadets... 201
Chimney Sweeps.. .. 12
154
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Professions and Occupations, concluded:
riironom.'tvr Makers 4
G rindstonc and Millstone
Makers 23
Naturalists 10
Sandpaper Makers 3
Sash and Blind Makers.. 1,004
Nee, He Makdrs 1
Civil Officers 1.427
Cluck Milkers and Re-
plil'ers 164
Gunsmiths 496
Gutta 1'eivha Mamitac-
Saw Makers 228
Nurses! 968
Sawvers 3,724
Clothiers 1084
Ilair Cloth Makers . 17
Oculists 17
Scale Makers 69
Cloth Manufacturers not
spe, iried 12"
Hair Workers 89
Oilcloth Makers 133
Scavengers 41
II, inn' Makers 69
Oil Makers 1'24
Opticians 63
Screw Makers 8
Sculptors 86
C.i il Id ders 138
Coll'ee, Spice, and Mus-
Hat and Cap Makers 2,928
IH-all lluilders 81
Staling Wax Makers 1
Servants 58,441
nstlers 94S
Collectors 222
Comb Makers -'-'.'
Horse Dealers 102
Hose Makers 6
Hosiers . 28
OM-rseers and Suprrin-
Shingle Makers -Ji;
i >\ ster Men and Dealers.. 458
Packers 112
Taint and Color Makers.. 21
Paper Dealers 20
Paper Manners 196
Paper Makers 914
Ship Carpenters. Mast
and Spar Makers 3.632
Hunters .19
1 i'e l>e tiers 152
(\HlU-* 1 4'U
Shin and Collar Makers 434
Shoe Pen Makers 7
Shot Makers 9
Showmen 15
Importers 409
Coppersmiths 4o i .i
India KubhiT Manufac-
Cork Cuttt'i' 1 * 45
Cotton Manut'.irturrrs..., 75
Custom House Ollkvrs... 346
Cnil-T-i 249
Ink Makers 61
Inspectors 295
Silk Workers 81
Patent Leather Makers.. 10
Patent Medicine Makers. 59
Pattern Makers 427
PlVel'S S41
Soldiers and Military
Officers .'. 709
Dairymen and Milk
Dealers..... 1,050
Dealers not otherwise
Speculators 4*7
Spinners 4t>o
Intelligence Clitic, 1- 3
1 nventors and Patentees 30
Spring Makers 26
I'e nl Workers 4
Stage Proprietors 174
Dentists 7'>1
Iron Workers . 990
Peddlers 4,131
Pen Makers 61
Pencil Maker^ 49
Starch Makers 4(1
Stave Makers 20
Ivory llla.-k Makers 17
lvoi\ Workers 5
.lapaniiers 73
Jewelers 2055
Drivers, Coai hnieii, &c... 3.253
Hi. v, r- 362
Dveis and Bleachers 470
Editors 384
Seel Milkers 9
Perfumers 35
Photographers and Da-
llerrcot> pists "v.l
Pi HIM Makers 1 076
Stele tVpers 47
Stevedores 280
stewards 2-1
Storekeepers 1.120
Keepers and Wardens of
Prisons vc 2-84
Pickle and Pieserve Ma-
kers 11
StOVi Malois li.o
Straw Workers 131
l.auiphl .ick Makers 6
l'U"t- 387
Students 4.1S4
Sugar 1. tincr^ 144
I'll e Makers 26
Plaster Kifjure Makers... 41
PI'tte Printers 31
MII gi ons 48
Surgical In-ti. Makers... 38
Sni vigors 3S2
Kxpiv-snit-n 422
Factoiy ' - 'J.477
Lapidaries 17
Last Makers 9S
1 ith Makers 11
Platers 2ti9
Telegraph Operatois 258
Tobacconists 3,744
Tool Makers 4o4
'I'm and FaiH'V Peal' is
and Makers 164
1-VatlnT l>iv>-rrs 8
Plumbers Ids
Pocket Hook Makers 212
P.'llCel|l,.|| l.p'llo
Poli-hers and lluinishera 578
Pop vlaill MakelS 12
Porters . 3.916
File Cutters 358
Kin 1 Kudne Makers <'
Librarians 5
Lime I'.nniers 129
Traders ll.">
Trimmers 308
I'iMt I- 'lio Makers 6
Turners 909
Fishing Tackle Makers... 14
Flax DreBBera and Work-
ers 66
LiV'TV Stable Keepers.... 741
Looking i.la-- Makers.... 53
Lumbermen and Dealers 2,93
Mail Agents and Carriers 231
Manufacturers (not spe-
cified) 1 44S
Turpentine Makers 5
Tvpe ("utters 21
Pot and Pearl Ash Ma-
kers 36
T\po Kouii'lers 155
Fortune Tellers and As-
1 mbrella Makers 374
Potters 287
Undertakers 21."
Powder Makers 27
Upholsterers 1.106
Frame Makers 164
Fringe, Tassel, and Gimp
Makers 155
Map Makers 11
Produce Dealers 526
p,ofe-sors 18*
Publishers 160
Varnish Makers 2i."
Viet ualers 57
Market Men and Women 295
Mat and Hug Makers 83
Match Makers 22-i
Matrons of Asylums. &e . 37
Me, li mica i ii"t c'ther-
\vise specified) 3,837
Vinegar Makers 25
Fruit Dealer* "'-2
I'unip Makers 40
Watchmakers and Ki-
Furnacemeu 1>7
I'll' SITS 10
Pvroiechnists 22
Watchmen 412
(i liar rv men 1.0-U
Wiix Bleachers 2
Gardeners and Florists... 3.269
Gas Fitters and Fixture
Ka-i ickers 250
Ha/or Strop Makers 5
lieed Makers 16
Whalebone Workers 122
Whip Makers 51
Military Kquipmerit Ma-
\\ lute Lead Makers 46
Gis Makers 132
Kefiners and Assayers... 91
Hcpoi ters 59
lieStaill allt KieperS 288
White washers 262
Gas Meter Makers ... s
Millwrights 1.262
Mineral Water Makers... 117
Miners 41n
Window .-hade Makers... 31
Wine and Liquor Dealers 749
Wire Drawers 15
Gatekeepers 499
Geologists and Mineralo-
llle.-el'l 4t'l9
Mi del Makers 8
Wire Workers 91
Glass Cutters 80
Rope and Cord Makers... 663
Wood Cutters 240
Glass M'ikers 466
Wood Dealers 75
Glass Stainers 52
Moulders 3114
Safe Makers -. 88
Sailmakers 563
Wooden Ware Milkers.... 41
Wool Carders and Comb-
ers 282
Glovers lt'6
Mould Makers . 42
Glue Makers 37
Musical Instr. Manufac.. 130
Sail-Maud Mariners 9,720
Goldbeaters 134
Wool Dealers 49
Gold and Silver Smiths.. 820
Grate Makers and Set-
ters.... 98
Musicians 1,177
Alusie Teacher^ 61
Salesmen 723
Woolen and Worsted
Workers 147
Nail Makers.... 433 Salt Makers... 602
ALBANY COUNTY.
THIS was an original county; formed Nov. 1, 1683, and confirmed
Oct. 1, 1691. 1
Tryon and Charlotte (now Montgomery and Washington) counties
were taken off in 1772, Columbia in 1786, Rensselaer and Saratoga in
1791, a part of Schoharie in 1795, a part of Greene in 1800, and Sche-
nectady in 1809. The Manor of Rensselaerwyck was erected into a dis-
trict March 24, 1772, and subdivided into east and west districts soon
after the Revolution. The county lies on the west bank of Hudson
River, about 150 miles from its mouth, and contains an area of 544
square miles. Its surface is undulating and hilly, and it has a general
inclination toward the southeast. A narrow intervale extends along
the course of the river, bounded by a series of steep bluffs from 100 to 180 feet high, from the sum-
mits of which an undulating and slightly ascending plateau stretches westward to the foot of the
Helderberg 2 Hills, where it reaches an elevation of about 400 feet above tide. This range of hills
rises from 400 to 800 feet above the plateau, and 800 to 1200 feet above tide. Their declivities are
very steep, and sometimes precipitous, on the east, but more gradually sloping upon the west.
Several other ranges of hills, inferior -to them in bight, extend in a general northerly and southerly
direction through portions of the county. The highest point is the summit of the Helderbergs, in
the northeast corner of the town of Bern, and is 1200 feet above tide. All these ranges of high-
lands may be considered as outlying spurs of the Catskills, which, in turn, are but a northerly
continuation of the Alleghany Mountains, and a part of the great Appalachian system.
The geological formations of this county belong to the Upper Silurian system, and comprise
nearly all the rocks of the " New York System," from the Utica slate to the corniferous limestone.
Above the rocks, in the eastern part of the county, are thick deposits of drift, consisting of sand,
gravel, and clay ; and along the river intervales are rich alluvial deposits. The lowest rock,
cropping out on the Hudson, Normans Kill, and Mohawk, is the Utica slate. Next above is the
graywacke and shales of the Hudson River group, appearing in the valleys of all the streams
that flow into the Hudson, and apparently underlying the entire eastern part of the county. This
stone is quarried for building stone and flagging. 3 The red rocks that form the base of the
Helderbergs evidently belong to the Medina sandstone series, though they have sometimes been
confounded with the red shales of the Onondaga salt group. Next above, forming the first terrace
of the mountains, is the water-lime group, from 50 to 200 feet in thickness, furnishing both water
and quicklime. Next in order is the pentamerus limestone, 50 feet in thickness, consisting of
impure gray and black limestone mixed with slate and shale. Overlying this is the Catskill lime-
stone, from 50 to 180 feet in thickness, consisting of thick, compact masses of limestone alternating
with thin layers of shale. It is used for building stone and lime. The Oriskany sandstone is
next developed, in a strata of only 2 feet in thickness, followed by the cauda-galli grit, from 50 to
60 feet in thickness. This last has a fine grit, and resembles black or gray slates, but is easily
disintegrated, and crumbles upon exposure to the air. Next in order come the Onondaga and
corniferous limestones, the latter crowning the summits of the mountains. These rocks furnish
both a superior quality of lime and an excellent building stone. The surface of the eastern
part of the county is covered with immense beds of clay, gravel, and sand. The highlands west
of Albany City are covered 40 feet deep with sand, which rests upon a bed of clay estimated to be
100 feet deep. In this drift are found small beds of bog ore and numerous chalybeate and sul-
phuretted springs. In the limestone regions are numerous caves, sink holes, and subterranean
water courses, forming a peculiar and interesting feature of the county.
The principal streams are, the Hudson River, which forms the eastern boundary ; the Mohawk,
which forms a part of the northern boundary ; the Patroon Creek, Normans Kill, Vlomans, Coey-
1 The county by these acts embraced " the Manor of Rens-
eelaerwyck, Schenectady, and all the villages, neighborhoods,
and Christian plantations on the east side of Hudson's Kiver. from
Roeloffe Jansen's Creek ; and on the west side, from Sawyer's
Creek to the outermost end of Saraghtoga." The Manor of Liv-
ingston was annexed to Dutchess co. May 27, 1717. and by sub-
sequent statutes the county of Albany was also made to com-
prise every thing within the colony of New York north and west
of present limits, and at one time the whole of Vermont.
2 Signifying " Clear Mountain," from the fine prospect from
their summit.
8 Several of the intermediate series of rocks, including the
gray sandstone, Clinton, Niagara Falls, and Onondaga salt groups,
are not found in the county.
155
156 ALBANY COUNTY.
mans, Haanakrois, and Catskill Creeks, and their branches. Nearly all the streams that flow Into
the Hudson have worn deep gulleys in the sand and clay. Many of these gorges are 100 feet deep,
and extend from one-fourth of a mile to one mile from the river. The streams farther west gene-
rally flow through narrow, rocky ravines bordered by steep banks. These streams are mostly
yery rapid, and subject to extremes of flood and drouth. There are several small lakes among the
hills, but none of special importance.
The soil upon the intervales is a deep, rich alluvial loam. In "Watervliet, Albany, and the
eastern parts of Guilderland and Bethlehem, it consists of almost pure sand, with strips of clay
along the banks of the streams. A belt of land lying between the sandy region imd the foot
of the Helderbergs is principally a clayey and gravelly loam, and very productive. Upon the
Helderbergs, the soil consists of alternate layers of clay, slate, and gravel, generally with a sub-
soil of tenacious clay called " hard-pan." Patches in this region are also stony, and much of it
is wet and cold, and only moderately productive. Pitch pine, oak, and chestnut are the principal
kinds of timber that grow upon the sandy region. In the most barren parts these trees are
mere dwarfs, and the region has much the appearance of a desert. In the southeast corner of
the county is a limited amount of red cedar. West of the sandy tract are found the usual trees
of this northern climate, including both the deciduous and evergreen. 1
In the farming districts the people are principally engaged in raising spring grains, dairying,
the raising of stock, and in gardening for the markets of Troy and Albany. The people of Albany,
West Troy, and Cohoes are principally engaged in manufactures and commerce.
The city of Albany is the county seat and State capital. The county buildings are commodious,
and the county institutions are well organized. The City Hall 2 at Albany, erected at the joint
expense of the city and county, contains the principal city and county offices. The Albany County
Penitentiary 3 is a fine building in the western part of the city. Persons convicted of certain
crimes, and sentenced to short terms of imprisonment, are confined here; and prisoners are re-
ceived from Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties.
The county has no poor-house, but contracts with the city for the support of its paupers.
Albany is 145 miles above New York, upon the Hudson. The tide rises about one foot in the
river. 4 In low water, navigation is obstructed, except for vessels of light draught, by the " over-
slaugh," or bar, near Castleton, and at other points ; and considerable sums have been expended in
attempting to deepen the channel, by dredging, and building a long stone dyke below Albany. 5
The most important works of internal improvement in the county are, the Erie Canal, 6 the New
York Central, and the Albany, Vermont, and Canada Railroads, all terminating in the city of
Albany. Connected with these lines, and terminating at Greenbush, directly opposite Albany, are
the Hudson River, Albany and West Stockbridge, 7 Harlem, and Troy and Greenbush Railroads.
A company has been chartered to build a R. R. from Albany in a s. w. direction to Binghampton,
and the work upon it is now in progress. A pier has been built in the river in front of Albany,
for the benefit of navigation. 8
Hendrick Hudson is supposed to have ascended the river as far as Albany in 1609. During the
next three or four years, several Dutch traders commenced a traffic with the Indians, and sma) 1
trading houses were built at Manhattan and Albany. In after years these stations were fortified, the
one to protect from invasion by sea, and the other against incursions from the French settlements
in Canada. The principal military work at Albany (built in 1623) was known as Fort Orange.
The station at Albany remained a mere trading post until 1630, when agricultural improvements
began. The Dutch West India Co. was formed in 1621, for promoting settlement in " New Nether-
lands," as the Dutch possessions in America were then called. In 1629, this company granted to
Killian Van Rensselaer, one of the commissioners, (a pearl merchant of Amsterdam,) a charter
conferring upon him privileges similar to those enjoyed by the feudal barons of Europe. His
1 A geological and agricultural survey of Albany co. was made,
in 1820, by Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, for the Co. Ag. Soc., and was
the first enterprise of the kind in the state. Mem. Bd. Ag., i. 367.
2 See page 161.
8 This penitentiary was built in 1845-46, and opened for
prisoners in April, 1846. It was organized under the direction
of Amos Pilsbury. in 1848. and has since continued under his
direction and that of his son, Louis D. Pilsbury. It has 300
cells, and the average number in confinement has been 220. The
convicts are principally employed in the manufacture of cane-
seat chairs and saddlery hardware. During the first 8 years the
total receipts were $115,082, and the total expenditures $104.680.
8 The Erie Canal terminates in a basin at Albany, and com-
municates with the Hudson at West Troy. It crosses the Mohawk
River, above Cohoes Falls, upon a stone aqueduct. A company
has been incorp. for building a ship-canal from Albany to Xew
Baltimore, a point below the bars which obstruct navigation.
7 Leased by the Western (Mass.) R. R. Co.
8 The pier is built across a curve in the west shore, and opens
into the river at both ends. It is divided for the accommodation
of the railroad ferries, and is 1 i miles long. It was formerly closed
by 1' 'cks. The basin enclosed within the pier affords a secure
harbor, during winter, for river vessels and canal boats, which
otherwise would be exposed to destruction from ice. The pier
* The tide rises here 6h. 34m. behind time of the moon's ', is owned by an incorporated company,
southing 6 Senate Doc. 40, 1857, p. 171.
ALBANY COUNTY.
157
agents 1 made large purchases of land lying on both, sides of the Hudson, near Albany, 2 in 1630-37,
at which last date the manor embraced a territory 24 mi. N. and s. and 48 mi. E. and w., including
nearly all of the present counties of Albany and Rensselaer. 3 By the terms of the grant the
charter would be forfeited unless the lands were settled in 7 years by at least 50 persons over 15
years of age. A ship load of emigrants was forwarded in 1630, and others in each of several suc-
ceeding years. The emigrants were furnished with stock, seeds, and farming implements, and
the land was leased at an annual rent, payable in grain, beeves, and wampum, or a share of the
products. 4 The proprietor, received the title of Patroon, and in him was vested authority in
civil and military affairs subordinate only to the West India Co. and the States General. He had
his forts, soldiers, cannon, and courts of justice; and, although the laws allowed an appeal from
the decisions of the local courts, he required every person who settled within his jurisdiction to
pledge himself never to exercise this right. Altercations soon arose between the agents of the
patroon and the officers of the garrison at Fort Orange, in regard to the land immediately around
the fort ; and the controversy was not settled until after the English conquest. 6 The settlement
formed under Van Rensselaer gradually acquired importance as a trading post, and a considerable
hamlet was built under the guns of Fort Orange. 6 Mills were built on several of the streams, and
a church was erected. By the surrender of the colony to the English, in 1664, the personal rights
of the colonists were secured, and a new charter was granted to the patroon, restricting his civil
power, but confirming the relations existing between landlord and tenant. 7 The feudal tenure was
finally abolished in 1787."
The leasehold tenures, from an early period, excited discontent among the tenants. 9 The late
patroon, by his indulgence, had secured their regard; and when he died, in 1839, the course that
would be pursued by his successor became a matter of solicitude. A committee of respectable
men, appointed by the tenants to wait upon him and confer upon subjects of mutual interest, were
treated with marked coldness and disdain, which quickly led to the organization of armed resist-
ance to the enforcement of civil processes in the collection of rent. In Dec. 1839, the excitement
was so great in the w. part of the county, that the Governor issued a proclamation, and sent an
armed force to assist the civil officers. The people finally dispersed, and no collision ensued. For
many years the anti-rent question greatly excited the public mind in all sections of the State
where the leasehold tenure prevailed. 10 Within a few years, much of the land has been conveyed in
fee to the lessees ; and probably in a few years the whole question will be amicably arranged in
this manner. 11 There are 17 newspapers and periodicals now published in the county. 12
1 Janson Krol and Derick Cornelissen Duyster, commissary
and under commissary at Fort Orange.
8 The tract first purchased, w. of the Hudson, extended from
Beeren (Bear) Island called by the Indians " Passapenock"
up to Sneackx Island, and "of a breadth of two days' jour-
ney."
3 On the 1st of Oct. 1630, a copartnership was formed between
Van Rensselaer on the one part, and Saml. Godyn, Johannes de
Laet, Saml. Bloemmaert, Adam Bissels, and Tonssaint Mousgart
on the other, by which the latter were constituted co-directors
of Rensselaerwyck, and were bound to do homage and fealty to
the lord of the manor.
* The patroon reserved the right to trade with the Indians.
For several years this trade was carried on by the settlers, who
received goods from the patroon's store, and sent the peltries
which they received to be sold by him in Holland. This busi-
ness afterwards fell into the hands of local traders.
6 So active did this controversy become, that at one time Gov.
Stnyvesant sent an armed force to Albany to support the rights
of the company against the proprietor.
8 This place soon became the seat for holding all great councils
with the Indian tribes. Among the curious things mentioned
in the annals of the "old colonie" is the fact that, during an almost
unprecedented freshet in the spring of 1646, a whale 40 feet long
came up the river and stranded on an island near the mouth
of the Mohawk. Four others stranded the same season, 40
Dutch mi. above New Amsterdam.
7 For a concise view of the changes made by this charter, see
Barnard's Hist. Sketch of Sensselaerwyck, p. 107.
8 The manorial title has descended as follows :
KILLIAN VAX RENSSELAER, first Patroon, died in 1647, at Amster-
dam, leaving the property with his two sons.
JOHANNES and JEREMIAH. Each of these had a son named
KILLIAN, the former of whom died without issue in 1687,
leaving the title with
KniiAN, son of JEREMIAH. Dongan's patent was confirmed to
the two cousins Nov. 5, 1685, and all other claimants
released to the survivor in 1695 ; to whom also Queen
Anne's patent of confirmation was granted May 20,
1704. He willed the property to his son,
JBREMIAH, and to the male heirs of his body ; but, dying without
issue, the title passed to his younger brother,
STEPHEN, who had a son (sole heir under the will above men-
tioned,) named
STEPHEN, who died in 1769, leaving the title with
STEPHEN, the late patroon, who was born in 1764, and died
In 1839. The entail ended with this person, who, in his
will, gave the w. part of the manor to his son, STEPHEN,
the present proprietor, and the E. part to his son,
WILLIAM P., of New York.
9 The " Quarter Sales," as they were technically called, in
which the landlord claimed a part of the purchase money at
each transfer of a lease, was particularly obnoxious. In 1850
the Quarter Sales were declared unconstitutional by the Su-
preme Court.
10 This movement led to the adoption of Art. 1, Sec. 14, in the
constitution of 1846, prohibiting the lease of agricultural lands
for a longer period than 12 years.
11 The relative amount of the land held by lease and in fee in
the county is now nearly as follows: In Watervliet, nearly all
held in fee; in Guilderland, three-fourths; in Bethlehem. Coey-
mans, and New Scotland, two-thirds; in Knox, Rensselaerrille,
and Westerlo, half; and in Bern, one-third, the remainder
being held by lease.
12 The following list is imperfect, but is supposed to include
all the more important newspapers ever published in the Co.
We are indebted to Joel Munsell, printer, for assistance, and the
use of his immense collection of specimen numbers, in the prepa-
ration of this class of statistics.
The Albany Gazette was first issued in Nov. 1771, by Alex, and
James Robertson, who joined the loyalists in N. Y. in
1776.
The New Tork Gazetteer or Northern Intelligencer, in 1782, by
Solomon Balantine and Charles R.'Webster. In 1784
the name was changed to
The Albany Gazette, and in 1788 a semi-weekly edition was
issued. In March, 1817, united with the Albany Daily
Advertiser, and took the name of
The Albany Gazette and Daily Advertiser, continued until 1845.
The Albany Journal, or Montgomery, Washington, and njm,,.
bia Intelligencer, semi-w. in winter and w. in summer
was started in Jan. 1788, by Clias. R. & Geo. Webster,
and published in connection with the Gazette.
The Albany Daily Advertiser, Sept. 1815, by Theodore Dwight
158
ALBANY COUNTY.
In 1817 W. L. Stone united it with the Albany
Gazette.
The Albany Register was published by John Barber from 1788
till 180S, and by S. Southwick till 1817.
The Federal Herald, by Claxton & Babcock, brought from
Lansingb'gh in Feb. 1788, and again returned thither.
The Albany Centinel, semi-w., 1796. In Nov. 1806 chauged to
The Republican Crisis. Backus & Whiting and Isaac Mitchell
were successively publishers.
The Albany Chronicle was commenced in 1797 by John McDo-
nald. Joseph Foy and Henry C. Southwick were after-
ward its editors. It was discontinued in 1799.
The Gttardian, 1807. Van Bentbuysen & Wood, 2 years.
The Balance, and J\>w Tort State Journal, eemi-w., 1808-11,
Croswell & Frary ; removed from Hudson.
The Albany Republican was started in April. 1812, by Samuel
R. Brown. Romaine succeeded the next year, and after
several years it was merged in the Saratoga Patriot.
The Stranger, 1813-14, 8vo. John Cook, pub.
The Albany Argus was established as a semi-w., tri-w., and w.,
Jan. 1, 18l:i, by Jesse Buel; and d., semi-w., and w.
editions were issued in Oct. 1825. Edwin Croswell was
many years its publisher. Feb. 15, 1856, merged in
The Atlas and Argus, da., semi-w., and w. Comstock & Cassidy,
pub.
The Albany Atlas, da., semi-w., and w., was started in 1841 by
Vance & Wendell ; in 1856 it was united with the Argus.
The Christian Visitant. 4to, was begun June 3, 1815, by S.
Southwick, and continued 2 years.
The Friend, 8vo, mo., was begun in 1815 by D. & S. A. Abbey.
1 vol. published.
Tht Statesman, pub. by Carter; removed to N.T. in 1818.
The Plough Boy was started 1819, by Solomon Southwick,
under the nom de plume of Henry Homespun.
The All>any Microscope. 1820, by Chas. Galpiu, continued till 1842.
The Rational Democrat, published at Albany and N.Y., was
started in 182:'. by Wm. McDonald, and 'continued 1 year.
The Religious M'mitor, mo., was commenced in Hay, 1824, by
t'baiincey Webster. It is now published in Philadelphia.
The Escritnir<; ur M isonic and Miscellaneous Album, was started
in l-^e by E. B. Child. Its name was changed to
The American Masonic Record, and was pub. by E. B. Child for
4 or 5 yrs.
The American Masonic Register was pnb. 5 y. by L. G. Hoffman.
Tin .\atinni'l Observer, w. and semi-w., was started in 1826 by
Geo. G.ilpin. and continued 4 years: S. Southwick, ed.
The Albany Telftjraph and Christian Register was started in
1826, and in 127
The Albany Christian Register. L. G. Hoffman, pub,, and J. R.
H.iy.l, ed.. May 19,1827.
The Albany Daily Chronicle was started April 22, 1826, and
published a short time by Galpin & Cole.
The Comet was begun A us. 4. 1827. D. McGlashan, ed.
The Standard was published in 1827 by Matthew Cole.
Signs of the Times was started Oct. 13, Iv.'T. and discontinued
Nov. 8, 1828. D.M.tilashan. pub.. S. De W. Bloodgood,ed.
The Antidote was pub. iu 1827. Webster & Wood, pub., S.
Southwick. ed.
The Horning rhmn idf. da., and The Albany Chronicle, semi-w.,
were published in 1828 by Beach. Denio. & Richard.
The Age. was published iu Is2* by Galpin i Sturtevant.
The Albany Times and Literary Writer was started Dec. 27,
1 >'>. by Jas. McG Lishun; Bloodgood & Van Schaick. eds.
The Albanian, semi-mo., was started Jan. 30, 1828, by Arthur
N. Sherman.
The Albany Minerva was published in 1828 by J. Munsell.
TUe Albany Evening Journal' was commenced
March. 1830. It was published by B. D. PacKard & Co.,
Thurlow Weed, ed. A w. and a semi-w. journal are
now issued from this office by Weed. Dawson & Co.
The Farmers, M---i,ani:-s. and Working M~-n's Advocate, da., was
started in l-v>0 by Mcl'herson & McKercher. The fol-
lowing year it appeared as
The Daily Freeman's Advocate, and Farmers. Mechanics, and
Working Men's Champion, and was pub. 1 or 2 yrs.
The Albany Bee. da,, was started in April, 1830, by J. Duffey, W. S.
McCulloch. and Charles Angus.
The Temperance Recm-der. mo., was published in 1831 by the State
Temperance Society.
The Albany Quarterly, Svo. Commenced in 1S32 by the Alb.
Hist. Soc. Jas. R. and Sam'l. M. Wilson, eds. 1 vol. pub.
The Daily Craftsman was removed from Rochester in 1831.
E. J. Roberts i Henry James, publishers.
American Temperance Inte;!i : /encer. mo., was started in Jan. 1834.
The Silk-worm, Svo, mo., begun May, 1835. The 3d vol. was
changed to
The Silk II" rm and Sugar Manual, devoted in part to sugar
beet culture. It was discontinued in 1838.
The American Qunr/erlv Hemp Magazine was commenced Feb.
1S33. 2 vols. published.
The Albany Transcript, da., the first penny paper in Albany, was
started Oct. 12. 1835.
The Albany B-ni'jUft and Literary Spectator, mo., was published
in 1*35 by Geo. Trunibull.
The Albany Whig was commenced in 1834, by J. B. Van Schaick
& Co., as the weekly of The Daily Advertiser. It was
soon merged in The Albany Gazette, a semi-w. paper
issued from the same office.
The Common School Assistant, mo., was published in 1836 by J.
Orville Taylor.
The Associate Presbyterian Magazine, Svo, mo., Rev. P. Bul-
lions, ed. Pub. from 1838 to 1842.
Southvrick's Family Newspaper was published in 1838.
The Jeffertonian was published by Horace Greeley during the
campaign of 1838.
Tile Cultivator, mo., was commenced in March, 1839, by
Jesse Buel. It was afterward published by W. Gaylord
and L. Tucker, and now by L. Tucker 4 Son.
The Tomahawk and Scalping Knife was published a short time,
The Albany Patriot was started in 1840 by Jas. C. Jackson,
and continued 4 years.
The ffnionist, da., was published by J. Munsell. and
The Rough Hewer by Theo. M. Burt, during the campaign of
1840.
The District School Journal, mo., was established at Geneva in
1840, Francis Dwight, ed. Removed to Albany in 1841,
and continued by the State School Dep. until 1852.
The Examiner was published in 1841 by G. Galpin.
The American Magazine, Svo, mo., started in 1841 by J. S. & B.
Wood. 3 vols. pub.
The Irishman was published seven weeks in 1842 by H.
O'Kane, J. Munsell, printer.
The 3ew York State Mechanic was started in 1842 by J.
Munsell, and continued eighteen months.
The Northern Star and Freeman's Advocate was started in
1842 by J. G. Stewart and Charles S. Morton.
The Sunday Tickler was published in 1842 by C. W. Taylor.
The Albany Suritch was commenced in 1842 by H. J. Hastings.
In 1855 Edward Leslie became its editor.
The Youth's Temperance Enterprise, mo., started Nov. 13. 1842, by
J. Stanley Smith, ed. and pub., and continued 3 years.
The American Citizen, da. and w., was started in 1843 by Stone
A Henley, and ed. by J. S. Smith.
The Albany Knickerbocker, da. and w., was com-
menced in 1843 by 11. J. Hastings, and is still continued.
The Albany Daily Patriot was published in 1843 by C. T. Torry
The Subterranean was started Mar. 23, l84o, by Jas. Duffey.
The Albanian, da., was published in 1844.
The Albany Religions Spectator was started in 1844 by J. Mnn-
Bell and E. H. Pease. The next year it passed into the
hands of B. F. Romaine, who continued it until 1857.
The Birney Adiiicat-: semi-nm., was pub. during the campaign
of 1844 by E. W. Goodwin.
The Anti-Renter was started by Thos. A. Devyr Aug. 16, 1845.
The Albany Freeholder was started April 9, 1845, by Thos.
A. Devyr, and continued until 1854.
The American Quarterly Journal of Agriculture and Science,
Svo, was commenced Jan. 1845, by E. Emmons and A.
T. Prime. Jan. 1S46 it was pub. monthly by E. Emmons
and A. Osborne. It was sold to Ch. Bement in 184S,
and discontinued in Dec. of the same year.
The Gavel, mo., published in 1845 from Munsell's press.
The Scourge was published in 1845 by Woodward i Packard.
The Vesper Bell. da,, a few numbers pub. by Abbott & Crosby.
The Albany Herald, da. and tri-w., was commenced in 1846 by
A. B. Van Olinda, and in Dec. it took the name of
The Morning Telegraph, and in March, 1847, of
The Statesman, edited by W. M. Watson.
The Balance was published in 1846.
The Mechanics' .4</i" tie, I v 4ri, J. Tanner, pub., continued 1 yr.
The Mechanics' Journal, 1846, Munsell & McFarlan, pub.. wa
issued 1 year.
The Horticulturist, and Journal of Rural Art and Rural
Taste, was commenced in July. 1846 : A. J. Downing,
ed., L. Tucker, pub. The 8th vol. was removed to
Rochester. In 1855 it was pub. at Philadelphia by 11.
P. Smith ; John J. Smith, ed. In Jan. 1858 removed to
N.Y.; Saxton. pub., J. J. Smith, ed.
The Mechanics' Mirror, Svo, was published in 1846 from Muu-
sell's press.
The Son of Temperance and Rechabite. Svo, mo., was pub. in
A'ug. 1846 by J. Stanley Smith & Co.
The Albany Castigotor was issued in 1--47 by M. J. Smith.
The American Literary Magazine, mo., started July, 1847, T.
Dwight Sprague. pub. : removed to Hartford, June. 184S.
The Christian Palladium. J. Hazen, ed.. was brought from Fulton
co. in 1847 or '4$. and removed to Irvington. N.J.,Oct.l855.
The Busy Bee. E. Andrews, ed.. was pub. from 1848 to 1850.
The Odd Fellows' Literary Magazine was pub. in 1848. W. K.
Cole, ed.
The Telegraph and Temperance Journal, mo., was commenced
in l->48 ry S. Myers, and continued 4 years.
The Daily Artisan was pub. a short time in 1 X 4'J by Tanner i Stow.
The Albany Daily Messenger was ].ub. 1849 by B. F. Romaine.
The American Christian .Ifrssenger was commenced by Jasper
Hazen Jan. 17. 1841.
Transactions of A'.T. State Institute of Civil Engineers. 4to, with
plates, was pub. Feb. 1--49. Two nos. issued.
The Christian Herald and Messenger was issued Feb. 10, 1849,
by J. Hazen. and afterward removed to Irvington. N.J.
It was in part successor to the Ch. Messenger, pub. at
Newburyi < it. Ma-*., many years, and is the oldest re-
ligions newspaper in the country.
The Courier and Journal was started Feb. 10. 1849.
and is now publi.-hed by J. T. Hazen.
The Albany Dutcftman and The Albany Sunday Dutchman
ALBANY COUNTY.
159
AL.BANY CITY 1 was incorporated by patent July 22,
1686, 2 having previously enjoyed divers rights and privi-
leges, under the names of " Bevencick" " William Stadt,"
and Albany. The Dutch styled it "New Orange." The
part of the city north of Patroon and Quackenboss Streets,
known as the " Colonie," was incorp. March 31, 1791 ; and
again, March 30, 1801. It was made a village April 9,
1804; and was erected as a town April 11, 1808. The
town was divided, and merged in Albany and Watervliet,
Feb. 25, 1815. The city lies upon the w. bank of the
Hudson River, a little N. of the center of the county;
and embraces a strip of land about one mile wide, extending
13 miles in a N. w. direction to the N. boundary of the
county. A narrow intervale of low land lies along the
course of the river, bounded by steep banks from 150 to 250 feet high, where a barren
region commences, rising toward the w., and broken by numerous sand hills and ridges.
The banks which form the declivities of this tract are separated into several distinct ridges
by the deep gulleys worn in the clay by the streams which flow through them. The soil,
except near the river, is a light sand, not adapted to cultivation without the aid of costly
artificial means. A mineral spring was obtained on Ferry St. in 1827, while boring for
water. 3 Albany is situated near the head of navigation upon the Hudson, and at the eastern
terminus of the Erie Canal. 4 The several railroads before mentioned render it a place of con-
siderable commercial importance. 5 It is the largest barley market in the U. S., and immense
were started in 1S49 by Griffin & Farnsworth, and sub-
sequently removed to X.Y.
The Temperance Courier was commenced Feb. 10, 1849, by J. T.
Haz<-n, and subsequently pub. by J. Hazen & Son.
The Wishint/ti/nian anil Jiechabite was issued in 1*49 by J.
T. lia/.en. and in 1855 united with The < ; <"/-'< r
Florence Oneida Telegraph was printed at Albany in 1*49.
The Albany Morning Express was started in 1850 by St. me ,V
Henley. In 1854 it passed into the hands of Munsell
& Co.. and in l*5o' its title was changed to
The Daily Statesman, now published by J.B Swain* Co.
Tlte Albany State J<n/ist< r. da., senii-w.. and w., was started in
l-.Vi by Fuller A- Si-ward. S. H. Hammond and C. D.
Brigham were afterward eds., and in 1856 it was re-
moved to N.Y.
The Albany D.ii'i/ Times commenced Feb. 16, 1850. Five DOS.
were issued.
Th" A"- w Y<irk Reformer. John Abbott, ed., Munsell, pr., was
pub. 10 ni"<.
The State Military Gazette, C. G. Stone, pub., was
commenced in 1858, and was soon after removed t<> N.Y.
The H'jlf-D'iltar Monthly was pub. in 1850 by B. F. Homaine.
The Journal of the N.Y. State' Agricultural
Society, mo., was started in M iy, 1 850.
The Daily Albany Eagle was started Sept. 1, 1851, by John
Sliarts, and continued 4 months.
The Ameri'-an Mechanic was started Jan. 4, 1851, by J. M.
Patterson.
Tlte Carson League, published by J. T. Hazen & T. L. Carson,
was removed from Syracuse in March, 1851.
The Album/ Mirror and Literary Cabinet was published in
1V>1 by J. II. Canoll and W. M. Colburn.
The f'ith' rn was started Oct. 11, 1851, Warner & Rooker, pub.
The Northern Light, mo., conducted by Dix. Hawley. Dean, Beck,
Olcott. and Delavan. and subsequently by A. B. Street,
was started in 1851. and continued about 3 yrs.
Deutsche Preie Blaetter, tri-w.. was started in 1852.
Henry Bender and Augustus Miggael, present pub.
The Family Intelligencer was commenced by Jasper
Hazen. Sept. 11. 1S52. now pub. by J. T. Hazen.
The New York Teacher, mo., the organ of the N.Y.
,-t.ire Teachers' Association, was started in 1852, and is
now conducted by James Cruikshank.
The Evening Transcript, da. and w.. commenced Jan. 31, 1853. by
Cuyler & Henry, was last published by Snyder & Ells.
The Country Gentleman, started by J. .T.Thomas and
L. & L. H. Tucker in 1853. is now pub. by L. Tucker & Son.
The Prohibitionist, mo., ed. by A. McCoy, the organ of the X.Y.
State Temperance Society, was started in l'-54. and in
1857 united with the Jour, of the Am. Temp. Union.
The Family l><nt'ilJournal, mo., was pub. in 1854 by D. C. Estes.
The State 'I'olice Tribune was started July 21, 1855, by S. H. H.
Varsons and K. M. Griffin. Removed to Xew York.
The Albany Morning Times was started in 1856, and
is published by Barnes & Godfrey.
The Albany Evening Union, edited by J. McFarlan, and subse-
quently by John Xew, begun 1856, and ended 1857.
The Albany Voll-sblatt was published in 1856 by Geo. Herb.
The Albany Morning Express was started in 1858
by Stone & Henley, mid edited by J. C. Cuyler.
The Albanian, semi-mo., buys' paper, commenced June, 1857.
The Hour and the. Man. da. and w.. Geo. \V. Clarke, pub., John
Thomas, ed.. commenced Aug. 1858.
The Mercantile H-irn. w.. wa pub. gratis ' >ct. I'-'iV
The Ynirr nf the Pei.fle. Republican campaign of IVi*.
The Albany Evening Standard, da., was begun
Dec. I'-SX. H. M. (irirrin & Co.. pub.
The fwlfnni'lfnt Pr*s. da., started Dec. 1-/.S. was pub. a few mo.
Astronomical Notices was started at Ann Arbor. Mich.,
in 18.08. Since the 7th no. it has been pub. at Albany.
Prof. Brunow. ed.
T!ie American M igazine. mo., by J. P. & B. Wood, was pub. 1 yr.
Tii- >;:>: I. mo., was published by John Tiinner 2 years.
tarty Literary Gazelle, was published by John B.Germain.
The Rural Folio was started at Rensselaerville in Jan. 1828, by
C. G. & A. Palmer, and r.'ntiinied >. years. An Anti-
Rent pap-r h:is aNn ln-i-n pnbli-heil.
The Zodi"-. m ,.. was publi-hed about l*'M by Gen. De Coudrey
Hnlstein.
The West Troy Advocate was commenced at West
Troy in Oct. 1837, by Wni. Hollands, and is now pub-
lished bv hi" wid w and son.
"Watervliet Daily Democrat was started at West Troy
Jan. 2IJ. 1S59. Allen Corev, ed.
The Oihnes Advertiser was started at Cohoes in 1845 by Winants
A Agnes. In 1849 its name was changed to
The Cohoes Cataract. J. II. Masten. publisher.
1 The name Albany was derived from the Scotch title of the
Duke of York, to whom the province was grant-d.
2 The charter conveyed municipal jurisdiction over the terri-
tory bounded E. by the low water mark on the Hudson ; S. by a
line drawn from the southernmost end of the pasture at the N.
end of Martin Gerritson's island, and running back due N. w. 16
miles into the woods to a certain creek called Saudkil ; N. by a
line parallel to the former, about 1 mile distant; and w. by a
straight line drawn from the western extremities of the sf. and
s. lines. This charter embraced the right of certain public
buildings and fields, the ferry, all waste land within their
boundaries, the right of fishing in the Hudson within the county,
and of purchasing of the Indians 500 acres of meadow land at
" Schaatcogue" on the N., and 1.000 acres at " Tionnonderoge"
(Fort Hunter) on the w., in the Mohawk country, on which to
plant colonies as barriers against hostile incursions. The quit-
rent was fixed at one beaver skin, payable at Albany on the
25th of March annually forever.
3 This boring was commenced to obtain water for a brewery.
At a depth of 480 feet, sparkling water, of a saline taste and hn-
pregnated with carburetted hydrogen gas, was obtained. The
boring was continued to a depth of til" feet without any change
in the character of the products. A few rods distant a second
well was bored, with similar results. One of the wells was
ruined by placing a pump in the other. 4 See page 156.
5 Besides the river, canal, and railroads, there are 5 plank
roads and 2 turnpikes terminating in the city.
160 ALBANY COUNTY.
quantities of this grain are here manufactured into malt and beer. 1 Albany, Troy, and West Troy
are the largest lumber markets in the State. " The Lumber District" in Albany is along the canal
above the little basin, where extensive wharves and slips have been built for transferring lumber
from canal boats to vessels and barges upon the river. 2 The manufactures of the city are varied
and extensive. 3 Among those that may be considered specially important are the stove-foundries
and breweries. The city is amply supplied with water from works erected at public expense. 4 The
water is obtained from several creeks w. and N. of the city. The main reservoir (Rensselaer Lake,)
is 5 miles w. of the City Hall, and is elevated 262 feet above the river. It covers 39 acres, and its
capacity is 180,000,000 gallons. A brick conduit conveys the water to Bleeker Reservoir, on Pa-
troon St., whence it is distributed through the portion of the city w. of Pearl St. This reservoir
has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. The lower portion of the city is supplied from Tivoli Reser-
voir, on Patroon Creek, covering 20 acres, and has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. These works
are under a Board of Water Commissioners, and the rents are charged to property owners and col-
lected with the taxes. 5 Pop. 57,333.
The State buildings at Albany, including the Capitol, State Hall, State Library, Geological and
Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Arsenal and Armory, have already been described
under the head of State Institutions. 6 Besides these, there are several buildings and institutions
worthy of a particular notice.
The City Hall is situated on Eagle St., fronting the E. end of Washington Avenue. It is an
elegant structure, faced with Sing-Sing marble, and surmounted by a gilded dome, the only
one in the U. S. It was built at the joint expense of the city and county, and it contains most of
the city and county offices.' The jail is in Maiden Lane, near the City Hall.
The Albany Exchange, a massive granite building, is situated on Broadway, at the foot of State
St. It was erected in 1839 by a joint-stock company, and contains the postroffice, the general
offices of the New York Central R. R. Co., and a variety of other offices.
The Public Schools 6 have hardly kept pace with the progress of other institutions of the city, or
with the public schools of other cities in the State. Until within the last few years, the whole
public school interest was under the charge of a Board of Commissioners, appointed by the Regents
of the University. The people, having no power over school matters, took but little interest in
them, and the schools languished in every department. There was a great deficiency in school-
houses, in the number of teachers employed, and in the general supervision of schools. This
system has been changed of late, and a series of improvements have commenced which bid fair to
soon place the schools of Albany on a par with those of her sister cities. In 1857, there were 13
school districts, employing 53 teachers, 16 males and 37 females. The number of children between
4 and 21 was 18,359, of which 6729, or 37 per cent., were in attendance some portion of the year. 9
There are 70 private schools, reporting 3827 pupils.
The Albany Academy, (for boys,) fronting on Eagle St., opposite the State. Hall, is a flourishing
institution. It was chartered by the regents, March 4, 1813: the corner-stone of the present
building was laid July 29, 1815, and it was opened for students Sept. 1, 1817. Dr. T. Romeyn
Beck was its principal for 31 years ; and under him the school obtained a deservedly high reputa-
tion. The building is an imposing structure, of red Nyack freestone, in the Italian style, fronting
on a park of 3 acres. 10
l In 1856, the receipts of barley at tide water exceeded 2,000,000
bushels.
8 In 1858 there was received at Albany by canal, principally
42 78-100 miles. The receipts for the year ending Oct. 31,1857,
were $75,550. The revenues are sufficient to pay the interest on
the debt for construction and the cost of maintenance, and leave
from the N., 267.40fi.411 feet of boards and scantling, 11,949.700 a considerable balance to form a sinking fund for the final
feet of timber. 31.823 M. of shingles, and 67,505 tons of staves.
8 The directory of 1858 gives the following aggregate of the
manufacturing establishments in the city : 4 ag. implement facs. ;
8 boiler and steam-engiue shops ; 9 bookbinderies ; 10 breweries ;
9 brick yards : 17 carriage and car fac. ; 1 car wheel fac. ; 5
distilleries ; 4 drain tile fac. ; 9 flour mills ; 13 harness shops ;
8 hat fac. ; 13 iron founderies ; 11 machine shops ; 14 malt houses ;
15 printing offices; 3 safe fac.; 5 sawing and planing mills; 2
type and stereotype founderies; 13 stove manufac.; and 4 piano
factories. There are about 50 commission merchants ; 60 dealers
in flour and grain ; and 50 lumber dealers.
* In 1796 the corporation was empowered to construct water
works, but nothing was done. Afterward the enterprise was
completed by a private company, who obtained their supply of
water from Maezlandt Kil, N. of the city. This supply not being
sufficient, an act was passed in 1850 for the construction of pub-
lic water works. The vote in the city stood, " For water," 4405;
"No water," 6; "Brandy and water, strong," 1. The works of
the old company were purchased and the present works built.
* The original cost of construction was $850,000 ; and the total
cost up to Jan. 1, 1858, $1,018,495. The main pipes measure
liquidation of the debt.
e See pages 27, 44, 136.
' This building is 109 feet front by 80 feet deep. In front it
has a recessed porch, supported by 6 Ionic columns. In the
center of the hall, in the second story, is a statue of Hamilton,
by Hewes ; and in the common council room are portraits of the
first 13 Governors of the State.
8 A Lancasterian School Society was incorp. May 26, 1812, a
school having been maintained for some time previous. The
members of the common council were ex-officio members of the
society, and those giving $25 were entitled to a scholarship. In
1817, the society erected the building now occupied by the Al-
bany Medical College, for the use of the school, which continued
to be occupied until 1834, when the school was superceded by
the public school system of the State. Wm. Tweed Dale was
principal of the school for 23 years.
9 The total expenses of the schools for 1857 were $44,310 10.
Total receipts, the same. No. of volumes in Dist. Libraries, 9285.
10 The late Henry W. Delavan bequeathed $2000 to this insti-
tution, the income of which is devoted to the education of indi-
gent youth.
ALBANY COUNTY.
161
The Albany Female Academy, on N. Pearl St., was established in 1814, and incorp. in 1821, and
the present building was completed May 12, 1834. The institution has uniformly borne a high re-
putation. The building is in Grecian style, with an Ionic portico. 1
The Albany Female Seminary, situated on Division St., was incorp. April 9, 1828. It is under
t!n- charge of the Meth. denomination.
The Albany Institute, a society for the promotion of science and art, was incorp. Feb. 27, 1829,
by the union of Society of Arts and the Albany Lyceum of Natural History. 2 It has three depart-
ments, devoted to 1st, Physical Sciences and the Arts ; 2d, Natural History ; and 3d, History
and Gen. Literature. During the winter months it holds semi-monthly meetings. It has a valu-
able library, and an extensive cabinet of minerals and of specimens of natural history. 3
The Young Men's Association was formed in 1833, and incorp. March 12, 1835. It supports a
lecture course during the winter, and has a library of above 7000 vols., and a reading room supplied
with 70 papers and 15 other periodicals. It is the oldest institution of the kind in the U. S., and
has about 1000 members.
A Catholic YvitiHj Men's Association has sustained a course of lectures for several winters.
The Albany Industrial School, erected by the city in 1857, for vagrant children, is not completed.
It is located in the rear of the Penitentiary, and, with those buildings, presents a fine architectural
appearance.
The Dudley Observatory, on an eminence in the N. border of the city, was founded through the
munificence of Mrs. Blandina Dudley and other liberal patrons of science. It was incorp. April
2, 1852, and its management intrusted to 15 trustees. The building is admirably arranged, and
furnished with instruments, several of which are the largest and most delicate ever constructed.
It was dedicated Aug. 28, 1856, and placed under the charge of a scientific council, to be employed
by the coast survey in the determination of longitudes, and other purposes connected with that
great national enterprise. It has a special library of about 1000 volumes. 4
The Albany Medical College, located upon Eagle St., was incorp. Feb. 16, 1839. Two courses of
lectures are held annually ; and the institution has secured a deservedly high reputation in the
medical profession. It has an extensive medical museum, and a choice library of 5000 vols.
The Law School of the University of Albany was instituted under the university charter of April
17, 1851. Two courses of lectures are annually held in rooms attached to the medical college
building. This school has obtained an excellent reputation.
The Albany Almshouse, consisting of a poor house, 5 insane asylum, 6 and a fe\er hospital, 7 is
located upon a farm of 116 acres, 1 miles s. w. of the city, and is entirely owned and managed by
the city authorities. These departments are supplied with commodious and appropriate buildings.
The Industrial School building is located upon the same farm.
The Albany City Hospital, located on Eagle St., was incorp. April 11, 1849. It was founded by
private subscription, and the present building 8 was opened for the reception of patients Aug. 8, 1854. 9
The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Washington St., at the junction of the Western Turnpike, was
incorp. March 30, 1831, at which time it had been in practical operation for nearly two years. It
was commenced as a private enterprise, and the present building was erected by subscription and
the product of several ladies' fairs. It is now supported by funds received from the State, the
interest on its endowment, and the proceeds of an annual fair.
The St. Vincent Orphan Asylum was incorp. in 1849. The female department, situated ou N.
Pearl St., is under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department, 2 mi. w. of the capital,
is under the care of the Christian Brothers.
The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. Rev. Johannes Megapolenses was settled
as pastor in 1642, under the patronage of the patroon. A regularly organized Lutheran church
existed in 1680, but the date of its formation is unknown. It was reorganized Aug. 26, 1784.
i The Albany Library, kept in this building, was incorp. Feb.
14, 1792. It contains about 5,000 vols.
* Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, read his first
BCientific papers before this association, and performed his first
original experiments while a pupil at the Albany Academy. The
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures,
was established in 1791, incor. 1793, and expired in 1804, by
limitatiou of clinrter. Revived as the Society for the Promotion
of Useful Arts: incor. 1804. These were State Institutions, and
became local on the establishment of the Board of Agriculture,
in 1819, and continued a city institution until its union with the
Albany Lyceum of Natural History in 1829.
The library and cabinet are kept in the Albany Acad. building.
* The building is in the form of cross, 86 by 70 feet. Among
the instruments is a calculating engine, made by C. Scheutz, a
Swede, and purchased by John F. Rathbone. It is the only one
in existence. A large class of calculations is performed by its
use, and the results are impressed upon leaden plates, ready to
electrotype and print. This institution has been involved in an
unhappy controversy between the trustees and council, which
has embarrassed its plans; but it is now in active operation
under cheeriug auspices.
6 The city contracts to support county paupers at $1.25 per
week each. A school connected with this institution is kept
throughout the year.
6 Built at an expense of $12,000, and with accommodations for
80 inmates.
7 Cost $5000.
8 This building was erected by the city for a jail.
The whole cost of the institution has been about $60,000.
11
162
ALBANY COUNTY.
The first Prot. E. Church (St. Peter's) was erected in 1715, on a site granted by the governor of the
colony. It stood in the center of State St., opposite Barrack (now Chapel) St., and was demolished
in 1802, and the present edifice built by Philip Hooker. The communion plate of this church was
presented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most imposing and costly church edifices in
the city are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eagle and Lydius Sts.,
and St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. There are now (1858) 48 churches in the city. 1
At an early period Albany acquired much importance from being the principal center of the
Indian trade, and afterward the place where the great military expeditions against Canada were
fitted out. 2 Its importance as a military station led to its being fortified at an early period ; and,
although it was often threatened with invasion, no hostile army ever reached it. 3 It became the
permanent seat of the State government in 1797. For 30 years after the Revolution, Albany was
the seat of the entire trade of the western part of the State, the produce being brought in by sleighs
in winter. The first great impulse to its commercial prosperity was given by the successful trip
of the Clermont, 4 the first steamboat of Fulton, in 1807, and the improvements in steam navigation
which immediately followed. The steamboats now upon the Hudson River are among the very
largest that navigate any inland waters. 5 The completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, and
of the various lines of railroads since that time, have each essentially added to the growth and
prosperity of the city. 6 Business is principally centered upon Broadway, State, S. Pearl, and
Washington Sts. The Dutch language and customs, which continued until long after the English
conquest, have almost entirely disappeared. Very few families retain any characteristics of their
origin, although many occupy the same lots that were conveyed to their ancestors two centuries ago.
The peculiar Dutch architecture has now nearly disappeared, and within the limits of the city there
are not more than a dozen houses with the sharp gables fronting even with the street, the tile roof,
and antiquated appearance, so common but a fe^ years ago. The city has been visited by several
disastrous fires, 7 and the lower part has often been inundated by water. 8
9 was formed from Rensselaerville, March 17, 1795. Knox was taken off in 1822. It
lies near the center of the western border of the county. The Helderbergh Mts., 1200 feet above
tide, form the eastern border. Grippy and Irish Hills, two broad mountains, with steep declivities
and rolling summits, 900 to 1000 feet above tide, occupy the center. The s. and w. parts are hilly,
and the N. rolling. The principal streams are the Foxen Kil and the Switz Kil. These streams
flow N. w. through narrow valleys bordered by steep hill sides. Werners and Thompsons Lakes, in
the N. E,, are small sheets of water. In the lime rock, in the N. E. part, are numerous small caves
and sink holes. 10 There are several sulphur springs in town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly
loam interspersed with clay. Beriivillc (Bern p. o.) contains 50 houses; 11 E. Bern 12 (p. v.)
15; S. Bern (p.v.) 15; and Reidsville (p.v.) 12. Peoria is a small village on the line of
Knox. Settlement was begun about 1750 by a few German families. In 1777, a company of 85
militia were raised in this town, of which the captain and 63 men joined the British, and the
remainder the Americans at Saratoga. Bernville, then called "Beaver Dam," was fortified during
the war, and sentinels were posted at night to prevent surprise by the Indians. 13 The place at one
1 Of these there are 8 Meth. E., 7 Bap., 5 Prot. E., 5 Presb., 5
R. C., 3 Ref. Prot. D., 3 Jewish Syn.. 3 Evaug. Luth., 2 Wes.
Meth., Cong., Evang. Ger. Asso., Evang. Prot. Ger., Asso. Presb.,
Friends, Unita., and Univ.
2 On the 19th of June, 1754. the first Congress of the colonies
assembled at Albany, to devise a general plan of union and
measures of defence, in view of the French and Indian hostilities,
then just commencing. This Congress consisted of delegates
from N. H., Mass., R. I., Conn., X. Y., Penn., and Md. The "plan
of union" drawn up by Dr. Franklin was adopted, but it was
afterward rejected by the British government as being too demo-
cratic, and by the colonies as giving too much power to the king.
3 The first fort was built by the Dutch, in 1614. on the island
below the city, which is hence called Castle Island. In 1617 a
fort was built at the mouth of the Normans Kil ; and in 1628
another was erected near the present steamboat landing, in the
s. part of the city, and named Fort Orange, in honor of the
reigning prince of Holland. A quadrangular fort, called "Fort
Frederick,"' was afterward built ou the high ground, now State
St., between St. Peter's Church and the Geological Hall, with
lines of palisades extending down Steuben and Hudson Sts. to
the river. These fortifications were demolished soon after the
Revolution, and the only evidence of their existence now re-
maining is the curved outlines which they have given to the
streets in the older parts of the citv.
4 The Clermont was 100 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 7 feet
deep. The first voyage to Albany was accomplished in 28 hours
and 45 minutes. This boat was afterwards enlarged, and her
name changed to the ' North River."
6 As a contrast to the "Clermont," it may be stated that the
Isaac Newton," of the People's Line of Steamers, is 404 feet
long. 75 wide, and 47 deep, and has sleeping accommodations for
more than 700 passengers.
6 The sloop "Experiment." of 80 tons, Capt. Stewart Dean,
sailed in the fall of 1785 from Albany to China. This was the
second vessel from the U.S. to Canton. She was absent 18
months, and returned with a cargo of teas, nankeens, damask
silks, and 13 sets of China ware, to order, for family gifts.
' A fire in 1797 burned 96 dwellings, and rendered 150 fami-
lies houseless. Aug. 17, 1848. a most destructive fire broke out,
which destroyed a considerable portion of the commercial part of
the city bordering upon the river,and also many boats in the basin.
8 Upon the breaking up of the ice in the river, Feb. 9, 1857,
the water completely submerged the lower part of the city, and
came up so high that it covered Broadway in front of the Ex-
change. The damage to property was immense.
9 Xamed from the native place of Jacob Weidrnan, first settler
and mill owner.
10 In one of these caves, during the war, a notorious tory and
spy named Salisbury was concealed for some time, but was at
last arrested. The place is still known as "Tory's Hole."
Simms's Schoharie, p. 525.
11 In 1825 an extensive ax factory was erected here; but it
was soon after removed to Cohoes.
12 Formerly called " Philadelphia," and still locally known as
"Philla."
13 The family of Johannes Deitz. consisting of 8 persons, were
; murdered by the Indians. Simms's Srhoharit. p. 499.
ALBANY COUNTY.
163
time became a rendezvous for tories. 1 The Ref. Prot. D. Church of Beaver Dam was formed in
Jan. 1763. The first settled pastor was Johannes Schuyler, in 1767. 2
BETHLEHEM was formed from Watervliet, March 12, 1793. New Scotland was taken off
in 1832. It lies on the bank of the Hudson, E. of the center of the county, and includes the islands
w. of the main channel of the river. Its surface consists of a rolling upland, ending upon the river
in steep bluffs 100 to 150 feet high. Near the center of the town are a few sand ridges and rocky
knolls. The principal streams are Coeymans Creek, Vlamans Kil and Normans Kil. The declivi-
ties of the upland are broken by numerous deep gulleys worn by streams flowing into the Hudson.
There are two small caves, several sulphur springs, and quarries of coarse brown sandstone, in
town. The soil is sand and clay. 3 GroesbecR is a suburb of Albany. Pop. 1,232. Ken-
wood, a small village near the mouth of Normans Kil, contains an extensive mill, and a manu-
factory of silver and Britannia ware. Upper Hollow, Adamsville, \orm:i ii>lt i 1 1 .
(p.o.,) Bethlehem Center, (p. o.,) Beckers Corners, Cedar Hill, (p. o.,) and S.
Bethlehem are hamlets. Callanaus Corners, in the N. w. corner, is a p. o. On the
hills overlooking the Hudson below Albany are several fine country seats. The first settlement was
made upon Castle Island, 4 in 1614, and a fort erected the same year. As this island was liable to
overflow, in 1617 another fort was built at the mouth of Normans Kil. 5 Agricultural improvements
commenced in 1630, by tenants under Van Rensselaer. Mills were built on the Normans Kil and
Beaver Kil at a very early period. A part of the house known as "Whitehall," near the Delaware
Road, was built by Gen. Bradstreet, and during the Revolution is said to have been a secret rendez-
vous for tories. Cherry Hill, just out of Albany, on the river road, was the residence of Gen. Solo-
mon Van Rensselaer. A Ref. Prot. D. church was formed in colonial times, and in 1794 S. Van
Rensselaer gave the society 100 acres of land, known as the parsonage farm. 6
COEYMAHfS (Quee'mans) was formed from Watervliet, March 18, 1791. A part of Westerlo
was taken off in 1815. It was named from the patentee. It is the s. E. corner town in the county,
and includes the adjacent islands in the Hudson. Its surface consists of an upland, 200 to 400 feet
above the river, broken by ridges and hills rising 100 to 400 feet higher. The principal streams
are the Coeymans 7 and Haanakrois Creeks. In the former, at Coeymans village, are two falls at
which the stream descends, in the aggregate, 75 feet. Lawsons Lake is a small sheet of water in
the N. w. part of the town. A stratum of marble or limestone extends through the town 3 or 4 mi.
from the river. In the N. E. part are two caves, the largest extending 40 rods into a perpendicular
ledge. Feuri-Spruyt Kil, a small stream in the N. part, disappears, and flows for half a mi. in a
subterranean passage, coming to the surface again in New Scotland. At the place wljere the stream
disappears it falls perpendicularly into a deep cavity, forming a considerable water power. Another
brook, in the w. part, flows in a similar manner under ground for 40 or 50 rods. There a'fe several
mineral springs in town, impregnated with sulphate of magnesia. In the E. the soil is sand mixed
with clay, and in the w. it is gravel and clay. The fossil remains of an elephant were found on
the farm of Mr. Shears, 4 mi. w. of the river. Large quantities of hay are sent annually from this
town to the New York market. Coeymans Landing, (Coeymans p.o.,) on the Hudson, is a
village of considerable trade. Pop. 650. Coeymans Hollow, (p.o.,) Stephensvillc,
and Indian Fields (p.o.) are small villages in the valley of the Haanakrois. Keefers
Corners is a p.o. Barent Peterse Coeymans, an emigrant from Utrecht in 1636, settled under
the patroon as miller, and leased the mills upon the Patroon Creek and Normans Kil. In 1673
he bought the territory included in this town of the Catskill Indians, and a patent was granted
him April 17, 1673, by Gov. Lovelace. Van Rensselaer had previously bought the same lands
of the Mohawks ; and a conflict of titles ensued. The matter was finally settled in 1706, by Coey-
mans agreeing to receive title under the patroon and pay a small annual quit rent. 8 Settlement
commenced early in the last century. 9 The first mills were erected by the patentee at Coeymans
1 Cornelius Schermerhorn kept a tory rendezvous, and at one
time an absconding paymaster from Burgoyne's army is said to
have been murdered at his house.
2 A parsonage farm was given to this church by S. Van Rens-
selaer, midway between Bernville and Peoria. and a church was
erected upon it. In 1835 the society was divided, and a new
edifice was erected at each of the villages, the farm being held
in common by both societies. The census reports 13 churches
in town ; 4 M. E., 3 Christian, 3 Kef. Prot. D., and one, each, Bap.,
Evang., Luth., and Friends.
3 The proximity of this town to Albany has afforded an ex-
cellent market for produce, and much of the land has been de-
voted to the production of milk, butter, and culinary vegetables.
* In 1668 Martin Gerrittsen Van Bergen had a lease of this
island, and on some old maps, it is called Martin Gerrittsen'a
Island.
5 A map dated 1630 gives the name of " Godyns Kil" to thin
stream. The Indian name was Ta-wal-sou-tha. The present
name is derived from Albert Andriessen Bradt de Xoorman, the
lessee of the falls at an early period, and one of the first settlers.
The cnsus reports 5 churches; 2 R. P. D., 2 M. E., 1 Presb.
' The Indian name of this creek is said to have been 0-nis-ke-
than, and of the flats at Coeymans Hollow Ach-que-tuck.
8 This arrangement was confirmed by patent from Queeu
Anne, Aug. 6, 1714.
9 Andreas and Leudert Whitbeck were early settlers near
Ach-que-tuck ; Daniel Traver and Balthus Reefer near Reefers
Corners; and John and Thos. Witbeck near Indian Fields.
164
ALBANY COUNTY.
Falls. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was built in 1797, 1 mi. west of Coeymans Landing. This
church was organized March 5, 1793, Rev. Jacob Sickles first pastor. 1
GUILiDERliAND was formed from "Watervliet, Feb. 26, 1803. It lies near the center of the
northern border of the county. Its surface is greatly diversified. In the w. rises the precipitous
wall of the Helderberghs to a height of 800 feet above the general level of the valleys. The central
part is undulating, and the eastern is occupied by numerous sand ridges. The Normans Kil with
its branches, the Bozen Kil, 2 Black Creek, Wildehause Kil, and Hunger Kil, are the principal
streams. The lower course of the Normans Kil in this town is through a narrow ravine, with
steep clayey banks. The soil is light and sandy in the E., and gravelly loam mixed with clay in
the w. A mineral spring is found upon the farm of Wm. McGowan. Ham i It oil \ i I !<. (Guilder-
land p.o.,) formerly known as the "Glass House," 3 is situated on the old turnpike, 8 mi. w.
of Albany. Guilderland Center, (p.v.,) locally known as "Bangall," contains 18 houses.
Dunnsville, 4 (p.o.,) Knowersville, 5 (p.o.,) and Frenchs Mills, 6 on the Normans
Kil, are small villages. During the Revolution, a portion of the inhabitants sided with the British ;
and the feuds which grew up between families and neighborhoods have not yet entirely subsided. 7
The Ev. Luth. church (St. John's) was organized Oct. 13, 1787. Heinrich Moeller was the first
pastor. 8
KNOX named from John Knox, the Reformer was formed from Bern, Feb. 28, 1822. It is
the N. w. corner town of the county. Its surface consists of a high plateau region broken by a few
small hills. Its eastern part constitutes a portion of the Helderbergh region ; but the declivities are
so gradual that they only serve to give to the town a moderate inclination towards the N. and w.
The Bozen Kil, forming a part of the E. boundary, with its tributaries, and the Beaver Dam Creek,
are the principal streams. There are two caves, supposed to be of considerable extent, about 1J
mi. N. of Knoxville. The soil is principally gravel and clay, with hard pan underneath. Knox-
ville 9 (Knox p.o.) contains 23 houses. W. Township, (p.o.,) E. Township, and
Peoria, on the line of Bern, are small villages. This town was settled by Germans before
the Revolution. During the war the people became divided in politics, and after the defeat of
Burgoyne many of the tory families went to Canada. 10 Saml. Abbot and Andrew Brown, from
Conn., settled in town in 1789 ; and soon after 20 to 30 families came in from the same State.
The first church was a Ref. Prot. D. 11
NEW SCOTXiAMD was formed from Bethlehem, April 25, 1832. It is the central town
of the county. The eastern and central parts are high and rolling, with occasional isolated hills
and ridges ; and the western border is occupied by the Helderbergh Mountains. The principal
streams are Normans Kil, Vlamans Creek, and Coeymans Creek, (or Oniskethau Kil,) and several
of their tributaries. Upon the side of Bennett Hill, in the s. w. part, is a strong sulphur spring.
Near Clarksville are two caves, extending respectively J and mi. under ground. Streams flow
through each of them. The outlet of Lawsons Lake, in the s. w. part, about 1 mi. from the lake,
falls into a deep cavity and flows \ mi. in a subterranean passage, and in its course it receives a
considerable tributary. 12 At the northern foot of Copeland Hill, near the same locality, are remark-
able sink holes, 5 to 8 feet in diameter, and extending down through the soil and lime rock to a
depth of 10 to 20 feet. A subterranean stream connects the bottoms of these cavities. 13 The soil
is a gravelly loam mixed with clay. Clarfesville (p. v.) is situated at the foot of the Helder-
berghs, on Coeymans Creek, and contains 211 inhabitants. New Salem (p. v.) contains 27
houses ; and New Scotland (p. v.) 15. I n ion \ i lie, (Union Church p. o.,) Feuribush,
fines the Revolution, a small number of Indians belonging to
the Oneida tribe lived in this town. They removed, but re-
turned for a short time in 1812. An acct. of 10 was audited in
1792, for building stocks and a whipping post.
1 The census reports 6 churches in town ; 3 M. E., R. P.D.,
R. C., and Union.
2 From " Boos," angry, because of its rapid descent and severe
freshets.
' A class factory was erected here in 1792 ; and in 1793 the
State loaned the proprietors 3000 for 8 years. 3 years without
interest and 5 at 5 per cent. In 1796 the project was conceived
of establishing here a manufacturing town, and the ground was
laid out into streets and lots, under the name of Hamilton. To
encourage the project, the company and workmen were exempted
from taxation for 5 years. The works were discontinued in 1815
for want of fuel. MunseWs Annals, vol. III. p. 157.
* Named from Christopher Dunn, original owner; locally
known as " Hardscrabble."
6 An inn was kept here during the Revolution by Jacob Aker.
It was the seat of a factory in 1800.
' Named from Abel French, who built a factory here in IRcm
A clothing works was erected here in 1795, by Peter K. Broei-k.
* The news of Burgoyne's surrender was celebrated by the
whigs by burning a hollow chestnut tree on a hill. A barrel of
tar had previously been turned down the hollow trunk and
branches.
8 A R. P. D. church was formed Dec. 14, 1793. The census
reports, besides those already mentioned, 3 churches; 2 Presb.
and 1 M. E.
Knoxville was formerly known as " Union Street," and is still
locally called " The Street."
10 Capt. Jacob Van Aernden was an active leader of the wbigs
of this section during the war.
11 The census reports 6 churches ; 3 M. E., R. P. D., Luth., and
Bap.
12 This cavity has been explored, and in it are found beautiful
stalactites, and thousands of bats clinging to the roof.
1* This passage has been explored, and is found to contain
several rooms of considerable size. Some years ago a notorious
thief used this cavity as a depository for stolen goods, and for a
ALBANY COUNTY. 165
and Oniskethau (locally known as "Tarrytown") are hamlets. Teunis Slingerland, from
Holland, was the first settler on the Oniskethau flats. He purchased 9874 acres, and built a dwelling
near the center of the tract, and erected the first mills. 1 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was
organized at New Salem about 1786. 2
REIVSSELiAERVIIil.E named from the Van Rensselaer family was formed from Water-
vliet, March 8, 1790. Bern was taken off in 1795, and a part of Westerlo in 1815. It is the s. w.
corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by parallel ridges extending N.
and s. and rising 400 to 600 feet above the valleys. The principal streams are Catskill Creek and
its tributaries, Scrub, Fox, Ten Mile, and Eight Mile Creeks, and Willow Brook. The valleys
of these streams are narrow, and are bordered by steep hill sides, and the streams are rapid,
and subject to sudden and destructive freshets. Upon Ten Mile Creek, near Rensselaerville, is a
fall of 100 feet; and upon Willow Brook is another of 40 feet. Bog iron has been found in the E.
part. There is a sulphur spring 2 miles N. E. of Preston Hollow. The soil is clay and gravel,
underlaid by hard pan. Rensselaerville 3 (p.v.) contains an academy.* Pop. 561. Wfll-
iamsburgu, on the w. border of the town, contains 18 houses ; Preston Hollow 6 (p.v.)
40; and Medusa 6 (p.v.) 30; Potters Hollow 7 and Cooksburg 8 are post-offices. 9
The town was mostly settled by emigrants from New England soon after the Revolution. Michael
Brandt, a German from Schoharie, lived in town during the war. 10 Daniel Shay, the leader of the
revolt known as Shay's Rebellion, moved to this town in 1795. Maj. John Edmonds, a Revo-
lutionary officer, was also a settler in this town. The first church (Presb.) was formed in Nov.
1793, and the edifice erected in 1796. 11 Rev. Samuel Fuller was the first pastor.
WATERVL.IET was formed March 7, 1788, and included the w. district of the manor
of Rensselaerwyck. 12 Rensselaerville was taken off in 1790, Coeymans in 1791, Bethlehem in
1792, Guilderland in 1803, and Niskayuna in 1809. 13 It lies at the junction of the Hudson and
Mohawk, in the N.E. corner of the county. Its surface is mostly an upland, 200 to 300 feet above
the river. The declivities of this upland are broken by numerous gulleys worn by the small
streams. A fine intervale, nearly half a mile in width, extends along the Hudson. At Cohoes, on
the Mohawk, the river flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of which 40 feet is perpen-
dicular. 14 The banks, both above and below the falls, are high and precipitous. The Erie Canal
rises, by a series of 18 locks, from the Hudson, through the village of Cohoes, to the most northerly
angle of the town 3 mi. above, and 188 feet above tide. At this point it crosses the river into Sara-
toga co., in a stone aqueduct, 1137 feet long, 26 feet high, and resting upon 26 piers. The soil is a
deep, rich alluvial upon the river intervale, and a light, sandy loam upon the upland. Sulphur
and chalybeate springs, and bog iron ore, are found in town. The quarries of graywacke furnish
an excellent flagging and building stone. This is the most populous town in the State. West
Troy, (p.v.,) incorp. April 30, 1836, is a commercial and manufacturing village opposite the city
of Troy. Pop. 8306. It is especially noted for the extent of its lumber trade, and for being the seat 15
long time eluded the vigilance of those who were searching for
him. At length he was tracked to his hiding place, and the
existence of the cavity was made known.
1 Among the other first settlers were Daniel Pangburn and
Wm. Van Walter, at Stoney Hill ; Ebenezer Wands, John Watt,
Geo. Swan, and Wm. Kirkland, Scotch emigrants, near New
Scotland ; and Geo. Reed, John Patterson, Saml. Ramsey and
sons. James McMullin, David Allen, Wm. McCulloch, and
Brandt in otherparts of the town.
2 There are in town 8 churches : 4 Ref. Prot. D., 3 M. E., Presb.
The Friends organized a meeting in 1812.
8 Samuel Jenkins, the first settler, located here February 22,
1788. * Opened Jan. 17, 1847.
6 Named from the family of first settlers, who came in soon
after the Revolution.
6 Formerly called " Halls JI/tT/s," or " Halls Hollow."
I Named from Saml. Potter, who, with his sons and brothers,
were lirst settlers.
8 Named from Thomas B. Cook, who purchased land here in
anticipation of business from the Catskill and Canajoharie R. R.,
which was completed to this place from the Hudson. The road
was run two years, when the rails were taken up.
9 Upon the farm of Ezra Lester, in a place known as Willow
Glen, formerly stood a village, known as " Peckham Hnllnw,"
consisting of 2 stores, 2 smith's shops, and 14 houses. For a
time it was a rival of Rensselaerville; but now not a vestige
of it remains.
1 At the time of the Indian incursion into Bern, Mr. B. had
gone to Catskill Landing, leaving his family alone. On their
return, the savages passed close by with their scalps, prisoners,
and plunder, but offered no molestation.
II A Bap. church was formed at Rensselaerville in 1797 ; Rev.
Truman Beman was the first pastor. A Bap. church was
formed at Preston Hollow in 1800 ; a Friends meeting at Potters
Hollow in 1808 ; and Trinity Church (P. E.) was organized in
1816. There are besides, in town, 2 M. E. churches.
12 The manor was divided into the East and West Districts,
March 5, 1779, the river being the separating boun.ls. This
district, as defined by act of March 24, 1772, embraced all
that part of the manor north of an E. and w. line froni Beeren
Island north to Cumberland co., except the city of Albany.
13 It includes the former village of " Gibbonsville" (iucorp.
April 23, 1823,) and places known as " Washington" and '-Port
Scfiuyler."
14 The cascade is in full view from the E. E. bridge, a few rods
below Cohoes. The Champlain Canal crosses the Mohawk a
short distance below, in a pond formed by a dam 1660 feet long
and 7 feet high, and unites with the Erie Canal 2 mi. s. of this
point.
16 The arsenal grounds occupy about 100 acres, located be-
tween the Troy and Albany turnpike and the Erie Canal, the
latter furnishing water-power for the machinery of the arsenal.
The grounds are enclosed by a high wall, excepting the part be-
tween the river and the turnpike. This is the principal govern-
ment manufactory of gun carriages, machines, equipments,
ammunition, and military supplies for the troops and forts of
the United States. The building of this establishment was
begun in 1814, under Col. Geo. Bomford. of the Ordnance de-
partment, and it was for many years under the charge of Maj.
Jas. Dalliba. The Watervliet Arsenal now consists of more
than thirty buildings, of brick and stone, mostly large shops
and storehouses. the former of which will accommodate, in
case of need, more than 500 workmen. The stores deposited
here exceed $1,500,000 in value. A company of soldiers of the
166
ALBANY COUNTY.
of an extensive U. S. arsenal. It has a bank, printing office, 8 churches, 1 and extensive manu-
factures of woolen goods, bells, butts and hinges, castings, carriages, and malt. The annual
aggregate value of manufactured products is about $1,000,000. 2 Green IslamI (p. v.)
was incorp. Oct. 14, 1853. Pop. 1,324. It contains 2 churches, 8 a car factory, brass, malleable
iron, and 2 iron foundries, and R. R. machine shops. It is also the seat of considerable lumber
trade. 4 Cohoes, (p. v.,) incorp. under general act, is a manufacturing village upon the
Mohawk. 8 Pop. 6106. A dam is here erected across the Mohawk, 6 and the water is con-
ducted by canals to convenient places for factories. The whole fall is 103 feet, and the water
is used 5 times from canals of different levels. The annual aggregate of manufactured products
is nearly $2,000,000.' The village contains a savings bank, 6 churches, 8 and a large number
of stores, shops, &c. Boght 9 (p.v.) contains 15 houses. The Ref. Prot. D. church of this place
was organized April 14, 1784, by Rev. E. Westerlo. Lisnas Kil, IVewtonville, 10 and
Ireland Corners 11 are hamlets and p. offices. Loudonville is a hamlet, 2 miles from
Albany. Tivoli Hollow, on Patroon Creek, adjoining Albany, has extensive manufactures
of ag. implements, bolts, and hollowware. North Albany lies on the river, north of the city,
and contains 40 houses. It includes a portion of the " Lumber District" and several manu-
factories. Spencerville, or West Albany, is the name applied to the recent establishments
of the N. Y. C. R. R., 3 mi. N. w. of the city, including the cattle and wood yards and car and
engine houses of the company. The Shaker Settlement, 12 in the w. part of the town,
consists of about 300 persons, living -in 4 distinct families, in a manner peculiar to that people.
Town House Corners is a populous neighborhood near the center of the town, where town
business has usually been transacted. Watervliet Center (p. o.) is a hamlet. The Albany
Rural Cemetery 13 was incorp. April 20, 1841, and the site selected April 20, 1844. The premises
were dedicated and consecrated Oct. 7 of the same year. Haver (Dutch for "Oat") and Van Suhaicks
Islands, in the Hudson above Green Island, are separated from each other and the mainland by the
" Sprouts" of the Mohawk. Upon the approach of Burgoyne, in the summer of 1777, Gen. Schuyler
retired to these islands and threw up fortifications to check the advance of the enemy expected
from both the N. and w. Upon the retreat of St. Ledger from the siege of Fort Stanwix, no further
trouble was apprehended from the direction of the Mohawk A 7 alley ; and Gen. Gates, upon assuming
the command of the northern army, advanced into Saratoga County. The traces of the fortifica-
tions are still visible.
WESTERL.O 14 was formed from Coeymans and Rensselaerville, March 16, 1815. It lies
upon the center of the southern border of the county. Its surface is broken and hilly, with a
general southerly inclination. The highest point in the northerly part of the town is 800 feet
above tide. The hills are very steep and irregular, and the valleys are mere narrow ravines. The
streams are Haanakrois, Basic, Wolf, Fly, and Eight Mile Creeks and their branches. These are
all rapid streams, and are liable to severe freshets. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, inter-
Ordnance department forms the guard of the arsenal, and the
men are also employed in the shops. Most of the employees are
citizen mechanics. A large number of trophy cannon are de-
posited upon the premises.
l Bap. org. 1827 ; Ref. Prot. D., 1844: P. E., (Trinity,) 1835: 2
R. C., (St. Patrick's, 1839, and St. Bridget's, 1851.) and 2 M. E.
- The village is built on land formerly held by the Bleeker
family. It was purchased by a company of Troy capitalists and
laid out as a Tillage, and has mostly grown up since the com-
pletion of the canals. 8 Presb. and M. E.
* It is situated upon an island in the Hudson directly op-
posite the city of Troy, of which it forms a suburb.
& The Cohoes Co. was incorp. March 28, 1826, with a capital
of $250,000. afterward increased to $500,000. This co. built
the dam, and constructed the canals, for the purpose of leasing
the water power.
This dam is half a mile long, and the canal 2 miles long.
* The following manufactories were reported here in the census
of 1855:
6 knitting mills, value of product $647,100
2 cotton factories 618,000
1 ax and edge tool factory 210.000
2 bedstead factories 45,000
1 veneering factory 42,000
2 mills 28,000
1 machine shop and foundry 34,200
1 tobacco factory 21,450
1 shoddy mill , 21.840
1 wheel factory 9.000
1 straw paper factory 9,000
1 bobbin shop 6,000
There are now a considerable number of manufactories not in-
hided in the above list.
M. E., Ref. Prot. D., Presb., P. E., (St. John's,) Bap., and R.
C., (St. Bernard.)
8 The Dutch for " bend," in reference to the bend in the Mo-
hawk; sometimes called "Groesbeck Corners," from Wm. 0.
Groesbeck. One of the earliest settlements in the county was
made in this neighborhood.
10 Named from J. M. Newton.
H Named from E. II. Ireland, innkeeper.
12 This community was formed in 1776, by Ann Lee and her
followers, by whom she is regarded as the spiritual mother of
mankind. It is the oldest of the kind in the U. S.. and now
owns 2540 acres, including about 300 acres of alluvial land on
the Mohawk at the mouth of the Schoharie Creek and on
Shaker Island, which are annually fertilized by the floods of the
Mohawk, and chiefly devoted to the raising of broom corn. The
whole number of buildings in the settlement ia about 150,
several of which are of stone or brick. They have a commodious
church, (built in 1848,) 3 offices, 1 schonlhouse, 8 dwellings,
(suitable for 50 to 100 persons each.) 2 grist mills, 3 saw mills,
3 machine shops, for turning, sawing. &c., and numerous other
shops and storehouses. Their pursuits are agriculture, horti-
culture, the manufacture of brooms and me 
