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GAZETTEER
OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK:
EMBRACINQ
A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW
OF THE
GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND GENERAL HISTORY OF THE STATE,
AND
A COMPLETE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION
OF
(Bvm^ fitottttti}, <£% ®mt% WilUp, mid §tat%
WITH FULL TABLES OF STATISTICS.
;
BY
J. H. FRENCH,
MEMBER OP THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OP THE NEW YORK
HISTORICAL SOCIETY, OF THE ALBANY INSTITUTE, ETC.
Illustrated by Original Steel Engravings,
AND ACCOMPANIED BY A NEW MAP OP THE STATE FROM ACCURATE SURVEYS.
SYRACUSE, N. T.:
PUBLISHED BY R. PEARSALL SMITH. .
1860. ' •"; .' "'
THE r
PUBLIC LIBRARY
465638 A
ASTOR, LENOX A-
T1LDEN FOUND AT
1930 L
R
i
LIST OF PERSONS EMOTIED UM'THECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE MAP
AND THE PREPARATION OF THE GAZETTEER.
This list includes the names of those only who have been employed for considerable lengths of time.
GENEKAL SUPERINTENDENT.
J. H. French.
foreman of drafting department.
Francis Mahler.
foremen of statistical department.
Franklin B. Hough, M.D., James Johonnot.
DRAFTSMEN.
G. R. Bechler,
S. Beeman,
Silas N. Beers,
H. P. Benton,
Lorin Blodget,
P. J. Browne,
L. H. Cheney,
Gcrdon Evans,
Lawrence Fagan,
Frank Frbnch,
Cyrus Gates,
John F. Geil,
Samuel Geil,
Franklin Gifford,
Wm. T. Gibson,
George Worley,
Wm. Bracher,
J. Sartain,
Francis Mahler,
Frank French,
Wm. E. Wood,
B. W. O'Grady.
George N. Barnard,
surveyors and statisticians.
Jay Gould,
H. W. Hardy,
Franklin B. Hough,
Chester Hull,
Wm. Jay Hunt,
J. W. Hurlbut,
James Johonnot,
Geo. P. Johonnot,
D. J. Lake,
A. D. Lampklns,
Morris Levy,
A. Ligowsky,
Wm. Lorey,
Horace C. Manning,
David E. E. Mis,
ENGRAVERS.
On Stone.
Gustavus R. Bechler,
Benj. Matthias,
On SteeL
J. W. Steele,
On Wood.
H. Sebald.
ARTISTS.
B. W. O'Grady,
Ebexezer Mix,
J. B. Moore,
Samuel M. Rea,
Thomas W. Rhodes,
A. E. Rogerson,
Alphonse Schoppe,
J. C. Sidney,
Stephen 0. Slosson,
Homer D. L. Sweet,
A. V. Trimble,
A. Van Nostrand,
R. B. Van Petten,
Charles M. Wilbur,
Wm. E. Wood.
S. K. Godshalk.
Charles Reen.
D. L. Glover.
Wm. T. Richards.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in tho year 1859, by
R. PEARSAM, BMITH,
in tho Ork'a Office of tlm District Conrt of the United States for tho Xorthora District of New York.
6TZRE0TTPED DT L. JOHNBOJf * CO.
COLLETS, PEINTEB.
PREFACE.
TnE map of Westchester County which was commenced about ten years since, and soon
after published by Eobert Pearsall Smith, was probably the first map of any county in the
State of New York published from actual survey of roads and boundaries. This was followed
by maps of other counties on a similar plan ; and, about eight years since, Mr. Smith conceived
the idea of publishing a series of maps from actual survey, embracing all the counties in the
State, and, from these, of producing a State Map that should be more full, complete, and
reliable than any ever before published. But, about four years since, upon careful trial, in
reducing a large number of these county maps to a uniform scale, so many omissions and
discrepancies were found in them, that a new survey of the State was deemed necessary to the
construction of an accurate map of the State, An arrangement was accordingly made with
the author to take the general superintendence of the new survey ; the general plan for the
works to be prepared was fixed upon ; and the re-survey of the State and the collection of
statistics were begun.
At the commencement of the re-survey, maps of fifty-one counties had been completed
and published ; six counties had been surveyed, but the maps were not yet published ; and
three counties were still unsurveyed. Of the fifty-one published maps, twelve were found to
be so deficient in matters essential to the completion of the State Map according to the plan
fixed upon, as to render entire new surveys of these counties necessary. Surveyors were
sent into the remaining counties, with copies of the published or manuscript maps in hand,
with instructions to visit eveiy town, to correct every error that should be found upon the
maps, to make additions of new roads, note changes in boundaries, and, in short, to return
the maps properly revised and corrected for use in the preparation of the State Map. In
many instances new surveys of parts of towns, town lines, roads, and streams were found
necessary, and also countless changes in the location of boundary lines, roads, streams and
bodies of water, and in the representation of the topographical features of the country. The
surveyors were instructed to obtain copies of manuscript and other local maps, as far as
practicable, as these were generally found to contain metes and bounds, and, being plotted to
large scales, were of value in laying down boundary lines. Draftsmen were also sent to the
several private Land Offices in the State, and to Albany, and all maps of any value in the offices
of the State Engineer and Surveyor and the Secretary of State were copied, to be laid under
contribution in the preparation of the State Map. The Superintendent of the United States
Coast Survey and the Secretary of the Interior also furnished copies of all the maps in their
Departments pertaining to the State. The number and variety of maps and plots, printed and
manuscript, that have thus been collected is very great, and probably embraces more valuable
matter than any similar collection in the State.
Not the least difficult part of the labor of constructing a map of a large extent of country
is "making the projection." In surveys of small areas this difficulty does not occur, as the
proportion of the curvature of the earth's surface to that part of its area contained in a rect-
angle of thirty to fifty miles, is so small that, when reduced to the scale of even an inch to
the mile, it is scarcely perceptible. But in projecting a map of territory of as great extent
as the State of New York, the curvature of the surface from a plane is so great as to make
the departure of the lines of latitude and longitude from right lines plainly visible upon a
map even when plotted to a scale of less than one-fourth of an inch to a mile.
The Flamstead Improved Projection, being the one best adapted to the correct representa-
tion of a large extent of country, was adopted for the State Map.
The maps of the State heretofore published embrace a large part of the New England
States, Pennsylvania, and Canada. The space thus usually occupied is appropriated to plans
of the cities, and to smaller maps illustrating particular features of the State. These marginal
maps, it is believed, add to the value of the work. By placing a map of Long Island by itself, —
at the same time showing its relative position to the rest of the State, by retaining a map of
nearly one-third of the island in its proper place, — the map of the entire State is constructed
4 PREFACE.
on a scale about twenty per cent, (linear scale) larger than can be done on a sheet of the same
size with all of Long Island projecting eastward of New York City. This increased scale will
be found to fully compensate for the change of place of the eastern portion of Long Island.
The map of the State is plotted to the scale of 350^55, which is f £f or a small fraction more
than 4.7 miles to an inch ; and the city plans to the scale of 3^55, which is Jj-ff or a small
fraction more than .78 of a mile to an inch.
The longitude of several points in the eastern and western portions of the State having
been accurately determined by the Coast Survey and the Department of the Interior, and
the latitude of many points on the north and south borders and within the State from nume-
rous and repeated observations, the projection of the parallels and meridians was first made
with accurately constructed scales, using the most recent tables of latitude and longitude mea-
surements as adopted by the Coast Survey and the U. S. Military Academy at West Point.
The. boundaries of the State were next projected, after which the lines of the counties were
located on the map. The town lines were next laid out ; and finally the roads, bodies of
water, streams, topography, and all other details were filled in. This course could not fail to
secure accuracy in all parts of the work ; and, while the map does not agree, in many points,
with previous maps of the State, the author feels confident that it will bear the closest
scrutiny and criticism.
A prominent and distinctive feature of the State Map is the representation of all the roads,
railroads, canals, and routes of travel, every mile of each of which has been run and every
angle measured.
The city plans are all drawn to the same scale, thus presenting, at a glance, the comparative
extent of the built-up portions of each. Albany, Brooklyn, and Buffalo have so great an
extent of unoccupied or farm lands that it was not practicable to show the entire corporate
limits of either on the city plans ; but no built-up part of either city has been omitted. The
plans of the other cities embrace their entire area.
In the construction of the Geological and Land Patent Map, the geology of the State
according to the New York System has been followed; but the different strata or formations
are represented by a system of shading in the engraving, — instead of by color, as is usually
done in geological maps. This plan was adopted, as it was desirable to present two distinct
features in the one map ; and the engraved shading for the geology permits the use of colors
for the land patents. The size of the map would not admit of the representation of tracts of
land smaller than a township ; but a complete list of all the grants will be found in this work.
In the year 1825 the Regents of the University established meteorological stations in various
parts of the State, and reports were required to be made from these stations annually to the
Board of Regents. At the expiration of twenty-five years the Regents caused these reports
to be digested : and the mean averages of the summaries thus deduced — so far as relates to
temperature, fall of rain, and direction of wind — are embraced in the Meteorological Map.
On this map the several stations (including three established at military posts, and not subject
to tlif direction of the Board of Regents) are at the centers of the small circles. In each of
these circles are either two or three numbers: when two, the upper number is the mean
annual temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, and the lower number is the mean annual fall of
rain in inches; and when three, the upper and lower numbers indicate, respectively, tem-
perature and rain, and the middle one the elevation of the station above tide, in feet. The
diagram at the righl represents the mean annual direction of wind at the several stations,
the index in any case denoting the point of compass, and its length the number of days, —
one inch in length of radius representing five days. Thus, taking the index for Canandaigua,
the direction i 1 ' W., and tli" Length of the radius is 3.4 inches. This indicates that
the mean annual direction "f the wind at tins station was from the W. s. w. for 17 days in the
year more than from nil othf-r directions. For the isothermal lines, or lines of equal tempe-
rature, and tin' shading repre-' n'ing the different depths of rain, we are indebted to Lorin
BLODfiF.t, author of American Climatology.
The Time Indicator has been prepared from minute calculations, and will be found correct
in every case.
The diagram showing the capacity of the church edifices is constructed to a scale, and
correctly represents the proportion of each to the whole.
An examination of the various Gazetteers heretofore published cannot fail to satisfy any
one that a great part of the material from which they were compiled was furnished by corre-
PREFACE. 5
spondents. This plan seemed to be the one most likely to secure accuracy, and with some
modifications it was at first adopted in collecting materials for this work. Agents were sent
into some portions of the State, furnished with printed instructions, questions, and blanks, to
obtain the desired information, either by personal research, or through the assistance of such
competent persons in the various localities visited as would undertake to fill the blanks and
return them to the general office. While a few persons promptly responded to the request
thus made of them, others delayed giving it immediate attention, and still others neglected it
altogether. A large proportion of the matter received from correspondents was found to be
irrelevant, devoted to specialties, or unreliable, and therefore of little value. Much matter
was received which possesses a greater or less amount of local interest, but which could not
be admitted without giving undue prominence to some subjects or localities at the expense
of others. After a fair trial of the plan first adopted, it was found subject to so many objec-
tions that it was abandoned. The surveyors and agents were then instructed to visit every
city, town, and village, to search records, examine documents, consult the best living, printed,
and manuscript authorities, and to make returns to the general office of all the reliable
matter and information obtained. They were instructed to take no statement on a single
authority, and in cases where authorities were found to differ, to examine diligently and
impartially, and report all the facts, so that in digesting and arranging them for the press,
all the evidence might be at hand. They were particularly cautioned against taking mere
hearsay or traditionary tales for truth, and not to seek wonders and marvels. A competent
person was employed to examine records and documents in the State Library and State and
other public offices at Albany and in New York City, for information that might be avail-
able in the preparation of this work. The Documentary History and the State Geology of
New York, general and local histories, biographies, sketches, essays, reports, newspapers,
manuscripts, and all other available authorities that were likely to contain any information
of value, were collected, and in turn consulted, and their accuracy and value tested as the
work progressed.
The plan for the work finally fixed upon, while it embraces a wider range than is usually
taken by similar works, seems to be one that cannot fail to meet the wants and tastes of the
people, as it presents the wealth, resources, present condition, and past history of the State
in a form and style at once convenient, perspicuous, and concise.
The details of description of each county, city, town, and village, have been arranged, as
far as practicable, according to a uniform plan or outline ; as has been also the General
Article embraced in the first 154 pages. The subjects embraced in this article seemed to
cover all the ground that properly belongs to the work ; and they are treated at as great
length as their proportional importance to the limits of the volume would permit. A
Gazetteer of a State should not be expected to contain, in a connected form, a complete
compendium of knowledge upon whatever pertains to a State. But present condition, brief
and comprehensive statements, short historical sketches of general interest, tables, facts and
figures as connected with the wealth, prosperity, and resources of a State, should be con-
sidered to an extent sufficient for a work of reference, such as a Gazetteer is intended
to be.
The general outline of the county descriptions is as follows : 1st. Date of formation of the
county, from what taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, location in the State, and air-line
distance of geographical center from the Capitol at Albany. 2d. Geology, topography, and
drainage ; embracing the general geological formations, general contour of the surface, lakes,
rivers, and other watercourses. 3d. Soil, leading articles of production, and occupation of the
people. 4th. Works of internal improvement. 5th. County seat, names of first county officers,
and description of county buildings and institutions. 6th. History of the newspaper press.
7th. Brief historical sketch of the county from the date of first settlement to the present time.
The descriptions of the towns are according to nearly the same general plan, and embrace,
1st. Date of formation, from what taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, and location in
the county. 2d. Peculiarities in geological formations not mentioned in county description.
3d. Topography and drainage. 4th. Names and description of villages, hamlets, and local
ities, with their location in town, date of incorporation, institutions, leading branches of
business, and population according to the most recent reliable enumeration. 5th. A brief
historical sketch, embracing incidents of general and local interest, names of first settlers,
first birth, marriage, and death, first church, school, mill, and factory, and number of churches
6 PREFACE.
in 1855. After the towns in each county is a table compiled from the last State census,
except the valuation and statistics of schools, which are from the returns for the year 1858.
In many cases, the population of villages and the number of churches given are from enu-
merations taken since 1855 ; but the last State census has invariably been taken as authority
on these two points, except in cases where later reliable enumerations have been taken. The
acres of land :h given in the tables fall short of the area of the county as given at the com-
mencement of each county description. The reason of this is obvious : the acres of land as
shown by the tables are from the returns of assessors, which seldom embrace marsh, swamp,
and unproductive lands, and lands under water; while the area in square miles, as given in
the OOUnty descriptions, lias in every case been ascertained from actual measurements.
The steel plate illustrations are engraved from original views taken expressly for this work.
The map has been engraved on stone, at great expense, by the best artists, and the mechani-
cal execution of both works is highly creditable to the publisher.
The Index of Subjects at the commencement of the work, and the Index of Geographical
Names at the close, cannot fail of being justly valued for their convenience. The uniform
use of a bold-face letter for names of towns, villages, and hamlets will also be found to
greatly facilitate rapid Bearch for this class of geographical names.
To many of the officers in the several State Departments, and to numerous county, town,
and city officers, local surveyors, civil engineers, land agents, members of the press, and
other-, the author is indebted for furnishing valuable materials for these works. To them,
and to all who have in any way rendered him assistance in the preparation of either Map or
••tteer, he desires to acknowledge his obligations. Many persons may feel disappoint-
ment at finding that information furnished by them has not been used. An examination
of the work, however, must convince them that nothing has been omitted which was essential
to the - I plan of the work, and that whatever did not come within this plan could not
be introdm
The author would not be doing justice to himself nor to the public did he fail to acknow-
ledge his obligations to those who have been associated with him in the preparation of these
works. He desires to make particular mention of the valuable services of Lieut. Francis
Mahler, Franki.ix B. Houcn, M. D., and James Johonxot. Lieut. Mahler was educated in a
European Military Academy for a Topographical Engineer. Ten years of subsequent practice
lered him eminently qualified for the position he has occupied on the Survey. Dr. Hough
is well known to the people of the State as the Superintendent of the last State census and as
the author of several historical and statistical works. His services in searching records and
at Albany, in New York City, and elsewhere, have been invaluable, and to his
pledge of the geology of the State the author is mainly indebted for whatever
i that subject in this work. Mr. Johonnot has devoted many years to the subject
of Physical Geography. The topography of the State, its counties and towns, has been
mainly written by him.
The intelligent citizens of the state of New York cannot fail to appreciate the liberality
of the publisher in the great expenditures he has mad.' in bringing out these works. The
; of tl.- for the county maps was about S4-N,<m)0, and the expenditures on
the works from the commencement of the re-survey to the date of publication have readied
about $4 e, making a total investment of $94,000. Thewhole time spent in surveys,
collection of materials, writing, engraving, proof-reading, 4c., ha- been equal to the time of
one person 121 It i- believed that no similar enterprise of e.jual extent, and involving
tie- outlay of so la pital, ha- ever been undertaken at private expense in this or any
othi i try. Time, talents, and money have alike been devoted to the production of a
Map and Gazetteer that it i.- hoped will be found every way worthy of the Empire State.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abeel, John, Indian trader, 414.
Abercrombie, Gen. James, 298.
Academies, general article on, 125.
list of incorporated, 130.
notices of. 48, 140, 160, 161, 169, 171, 172,
173, 175, 176, 180, 184, 193,197, 200,
201,202, 203, 205, 211, 212, 214, 216,
220, 228, 229, 230, 235, 237, 239, 243,
244, 246, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 259,
260, 261, 203, 265, 270, 272, 275, 277,
278, 282, 283, 286, 289, 300, 303, 305,
311, 312. 317, 324, 326,327, 330, 331,
332, 333, 343, 346, 349, 355, 356, 357,
360, 361, 362, 363, 369, 372. 378, 383,
384, 3S5, 390, 391, 392, 393, 398, 399,
400, 401, 403, 405, 412, 414, 429,430,
453, 456, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 408,
469, 471, 482, 484, 4S5, 486, 489, 495,
498, 505, 506, 508, 509, 510, 514, 515,
516, 522, 527, 52S, 532, 536, 538, 546,
547, 548, 554, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560,
561, 575, 577, 580, 582, 587, 588, 590,
591, 592, 597, 598, 604, 606, 607, 610,
617, 625, 627, 628, 634, 637, 638, 640,
645, 647, 650, 652, 057, 058, 003, 665,
666, 674, 675, 679, 6S0, 682, 6S3, 684,
685, 686, 692, 694, 695, 698, 699, 700,
701, 704, 705, 707, 708, 713, 714, 715,
716.
statistical summary of, 128.
Academy of Music, 436.
Accidents, steamboat, statistics, 115.
Acid springs, 320, 324, 325, 456, 593.
Acres of land, by cos., &c, 108.
by towns, 167, 177, 185, 196, 207, 217,
222, 231, 240, 249, 256, 266, 278, 294,
306, 313, 319, 328, 335, 339, 350, 364,
373, 380, 387, 394, 406, 417, 457, 472,
491, 500, 511, 510, 529, 539, 543, 551,
502, 567, 571, 583, 594, 599, 008, 612,
618, 6.30, 640, 648, 653, 659, 669, 076,
687, 695, 709, 716, 721.
Adgate's Patent, 48, 341, 349.
Adjutant General, 43.
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 139.
Agrarian movement. See Anti Rent.
Agricultural College, 616.
fairs, 101.
Hall, 27, 160.
Agricultural Implement manufactory, 160,
166, 199, 200, 216, 244, 248, 260, 274,
286, 312, 362, 368, 384, 3S7, 400, 401,
405, 406, 407, 411, 416, 454, 466, 484,
488, 495, 509, 510, 536. 556, 559, 561,
571, 575, 598, 611, 617, 665, 681, 691,
093, 095, 099, 716.
products, counties excelling in, 103.
societies, town and county, 83, 102,
103, 575.
Society, 27, 101, 495.
Agriculture, appropriations for, 106.
statistics of, by cos., 104 to 107.
Albany Institute, 101, 161.
Aldermanic Districts, New York, 420.
Aliens, statistics of, by counties. 150.
Allen, Ebenezer, 3S4, 398, 402, 404, 406, 711.
Capt. Ebeuezer, 300, 301.
Ethan, at Ticonderoga, 299, 305.
family murdered, 679.
Nathaniel. 498.
Almshouses, 161, 365, 393, 398, 422, 425,
426, 509, 553.
Ambuscade. 345, 411, 461, 604, 671, 672.
American Anti Slavery Society, 146.
and Foreign Christian Union, 146.
Bethel Society, 146.
Bible Society, 144.
Board Commissioners for Foreign Mis-
sions. 145.
Colonization Society, 146.
Home Missionary Society, 146.
Institute, 435.
Seamen's Friend Society, 146.
Sunday School Union, 146.
Tract Society, 145.
Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, 49, 298, 337, 574,
673, 674.
Analyses of Mineral Waters, 248, 383, 394,
470, 480, 497, 537, 592, 607.
Anaquassacook Patent, 684.
Anchor manufactory, 297, 508, 510, 681.
Andre, Major J., 504, 541, 570, 603, 699,
700, 701, 703.
Andrustown plundered, 342, 349.
Angler, Sieur, surveys by, 298.
Anno, Queen, Germans settle- under, 242,
245.
Anniversary Week, N. Y., 144.
Anti masonic movement, 147, 323.
Mission Baptists, 139.
rent troubles, 157, 210, 242, 258, 259,
209, 322, 3C0, 553, 602, 621, 643.
Anti Slavery Society, 146.
Antwerp Company, 353, 355, 375.
Appel Patent, 585.
Apples, statistics of, by counties, 105.
Appling, Major D., 355, 358, 525.
Appointing power, 31.
Aqueducts, 60, 165, 275, 397, 418, 424,
5S9, 597, 689, 714.
Ararat, or resting place for Jews, 291.
Arcade, 403.
Architecture, 436, 437.
Argyle Patent, 679.
Armories, 44, 369, 437, 489, 580.
Armstrong, Gen. John, 276.
Arnold, Benedict, 299, 333, 335, 338, 342,
410, 504, 541, 542. 570, 687, 699, 700.
Arsenals, 44, 45, 165, 2S6, 312, 325, 362, 369,
423, 437, 460, 495, 582, 002, 000.
Artesian wells, 25, 362, 392, 424.
Artillery Patent, 681.
Asia, man-of-war, 438.
Asparagus culture, 544.
Assay Office, 122, 437.
Assembly, 28.
districts, 28.
Assessments, power of Supervisors in, 30.
Associate Presbyterians and Associate Re-
formed Presbyterians, 139.
Astor claim, Putnam co., 541.
Library, 435.
Astronomical Instrument manufactory,
392.
Observatories, 161, 423.
Asylums, 42, 149, 198, 275, 276, 365, 370,
396, 398, 403, 412, 419, 425, 432, 433,
434, 468, 488, 488, 518, 524, 566.
Atheneum, 368, 403.
Attainder. See Forfeiture.
Attorney General, 32.
Auditor of Canal Department, 54.
Auger manufactory, 593.
Avenues, New York City, plan of, 422.
Awl manufactory, 2S6.
Ax factories. 106, 220, 235, 2S6, 368, 402,
483, 4S4, 558, 593, 616, 668.
Axle manufactory, 235, 277, 668, 699.
Bakeries, statistics by counties, 109.
Bank note engraving, 90.
Banks, agencies of, 90.
commissioners, 90.
existing, list of, 90 to 95.
general article on, 89.
individual, 89.
obsolete and closing, 95 to 99.
savings, 99.
suspension of, 90.
United States, 90.
Baptists, 139. 140.
Free Will, 140.
Old School, 139.
Seventh Day, 143.
Barley, counties where most raised, 101.
statistics by counties, 104.
trade 159.
Barracks,' 45, 239, 354, 358, 542, 555, 580.
Barrel manufactory, 220, 402, 488, 509,
518 5^0 522
Barytes, sulphate of, 352, 356, 577, 600,
604, 698.
Basket manufactory, 286.
Batteries, 423, 437, 565.
Batting manufactory, 464.
Battles, 219, 233, 234, 297, 305, 316, 342,
343, 345, 355, 358, 371, 410, 411,438,
461, 478, 521, 525, 554, 556, 569, 574,
675, 580, 586, 602, 604, 607, 633, 643,
645, 661, 667, 671, 681, 698,701, 707.
Baum, Col., defeated, 586.
Bayard's Patent, 601.
Bay of New York, 437.
Beaches, 544, 547, 550, 631, 634, 635, 636,
638, 639.
Beacons. See Lightlwuses.
Beacraft, a tory, 602.
Beans, statistics by counties, 105.
Beardsley. Purchase, 210.
Beck, Dr. T. Romeyn, 156, 160.
Becker's Patent. 603.
Bodini, Cardinal, 287.
Bedstead manufactory, 160, 291.
I'.ecf. supply to New York Citv. 427.428.
I'.rrkman's Patent, 269. 270, 276, li77.
Bell, attempt to steal, 343.
fonnderies, 166, 661.
Belletre, expedition of, 348.
Bellevne Hospital. 42;",.
Bellows manufactory, 286.
Belting manufactory, 199, 549.
Bemis Heights, 586, 679.
Bonevolent Societies, 81, 144, 370, 371,
403, 432.
Bennington, battle of, 554, 556, 586, 680.
Bethel Society, 146.
Bible Societies, 144, 145, 370, 403, 434, 489.
Big Tree Council, 322.
Billiard Table manufactory, 286.
Billop House, 565.
Manor, 564.
Bird, Col., 699.
Bituminous springs, 168, 173
Blackberry culture, 703.
Blacking manufactory, 716.
Black Lead, 302, 303. 304.
manufactory. 297, 304.
Black River Navigation Co., 60.
Tract, 375.
Black Bock Plat, 288.
Blacksmith Bhops by counties, 109.
Blacksmiths, number by counties, 152.
Blackwells Island, 419, 425.
Blanchard, Col., 672.
Blank Book manufactorv, 2S6.
Blenheim Patent, 602, 603.
Blind, Institution for the. 432. 433.
statistics bv counties. 150.
Blockhouses, 232, 297, 301, 310. 342. 343,
346, 356. 359, 467, 469, 470, 511. 549,
577, 582, 591, 596, 604, 646, 6S1, 682,
687, 691.
Block manufactory, 368.
Bloomer costume, origin of. 617.
Board of Agriculture. 102. 106.
Education. New York, 430.
Health. 116, 428.
Boatbuilding, 307, 402, 419, 016, 61S, 657,
662, 6S6.
Bog iron ore, 25.
Boiler manufactory, 160, 2S6, 652.
Bolt manufactory, 166.
Bonaparte, Joseph, 363, 376.
Bonded warehouses, 111, 113.
Bono boiling, 372.
manure. 368.
pits, 361, 453, 522.
Bonv fish, 124, 631.
Bookbinderies, 160, 246, 286.
Book manufactory, 199.
Boon, Gerrit, 462, 46S.
Boot and Shoe Makers, number by coun-
ties, 152.
Boot and Shoe manufac. 286, 402, 4SS, 596.
statistics bv counties. 109.
Boroughs, 596, 598, 69S, 706.
Boston Corner, 18.
Ten Towns, 18, 180, 199. 479, 650.
Botanical gardens, 370, 423, 430.
Bouck's Patent, 605.
Bouck, William C, 59.
Boundaries, 17, 258, 290, 308. 418, 5S6.
Boundary commissions, 18, 677.
controversies, 503, 545, 551, 700, 706.
Bourbon, reputed. 309.
Box manufactory, 286.
Boyd, Lieut. Win., 3S4.
Boylston Tract, 375.
Braddock's defeat, 671.
Bradford, William, 431.
Bradstreet, Col., 519.
Brantingham Tract, 375.
Brant, Joseph. 219, 264, 265, 283, 315, 34i,
343, 349, 409, 410, 412, 414, 454, 478,
503, 531, 538, 586. 604.
Brass founderv, 166. 286.
Breakwater, 280, 284.
Breathing well, so called, 190.
Breweries, 109, 160, 214, 237, 241.275. 286,
367, 368, 3S3, 385, 399, 402, 400, 419,
408, 483, 488, 509, 556, 561, 563, 598,
617, 657, 662, 691.
7
8
IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Brick manufactory, bv counties, 109.
manufactory of, 110, 160, 246, 2S6, 330,
331, 332. 39S, 505. 542. 550, 563, 566,
568, 569, 598, 632, 639, 662, 666, 691,
696, 698, 699.
Brine springs, 26, ITS. 181, 1S6, 197, 203,
257,825, 827, 892, 395, 400, 449, 456,
473. 474. 4T<. 479, 4*2, 483, 512, 514,
515. 517. 522, 532, 619, 688.
Britannia Ware manufactory, 163, 2S6.
Brockville captured, 574.
Brooklyn Institute, 369.
Broom Corn, statistics 1>t counties, 107.
culture of. 101. 220, 3S1, 407, 413, 595,
597. 600, 606.
Broom Handle manufactory, 590, 597.
manufactory. 248, 282, 413, 595, 597.
Brothertown Indians, 465.
Brown. Col.. 410, 416.
John, settlement of. 349.
Browns Trart. 341, 349. 375, 379.
Brush manufactory, 2S6, 556.
plains, 681, 636.
Buckskin manufactory. 811, "17.
Buckwheat, quantity raised, lnl.104.
Building associations, 81, 366, 700.
Building stone. 26,
Buildings. public. New Yi irk City, 436, 437.
Bull, William, surveys bv, 621.
Burgovne. Gen.. 1*4. 166, 233, 299, 461,
504, 554, 559, 5S6, 673, 679, 682, 685,
i
Burial Case manufactory, 549.
Burial Places, New York City, 428.
See Rural Ctmet'ritt.
Burnetsfield Patent. 341, 344. 345, 346.
Burning of jail. Delaware county. 258.
of steamer Sir Robert Peel. 860.
springs, 208, 213, 214, 267, 491, 499,
691.
Burr. Aaron. 404.
Busti. Paul. 22
Butler. CI. John. 409. 41". 411. 415.
Walter N.. 347,409, 410, 411.415,531.
Butler'- P * nt. 317, 605.
I'.utt and Hinge manufactory, 166
Buttermilk Channel, 41J.
Fall-
P.utt-r. product by counties, 106.
Bvrne's Patent, 605, 682.
Cabinet Making shops, by counties. 109.
Cabinet Ware manufactory, 203, 286, 368,
. 402, 514. 515. 522, 523, 598, 618.
Cabinet of Natural History, 125,126.
ireous tufa. 391. 717.
. 161.
c Printing, 2
Oamhri !_ 'SO.
Camd'-n Tract, •
Campb-ir- Patent, 079
Camph'-n'' manufactory, •
Canada.-' :ist, 246, 311,358.
32.
Canad-i. fortifications in, 45.
Canadian Hinfl'ti 119.
raflwart il r '.
trade, U7, 118.
Canal Ap] I
1. River, history of, 60, 61.
I
Oavug-i * BfPf*, history of, 62.
Ch-
Ch " >ry of, 60, 61.
Commi«ioner*. M. 59.
'
CT"
Dels* .- I n .02,506.
Department Auditor of, 64.
dist
enlsrcnvnt. ■"•'
1
.1. 389, 482, 484,
_ . 024, 645, 671.
Fund. 54.
general n I
Genesee Valley, history I
hydraulic, 859, 454, 465, 484. 524. 693,
'637
Manhattan Island, 418.
natural. 575.
•)neida Lake, history of, 61.
Canal Oswego, history of, 61, 62.
reservoirs, 60, 61, 173. 3S9, 390, 393.
statistics, 55, 56, 57, 58.
structures. 5S.
tolls, 56, 57.
Canals, notices of. 156, 169, 171, 173, 179,
186, 187, 193, 198, 201, 203, 218,220,
221, 224, 226, 228, 230, 279, 280, 288,
293, 330, 341, 346, 375, 3S1, 384, 385,
3*7,388, 395, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403,
404, 407, 413, 420. 449. 451, 452, 455,
459, 466, 468, 469, 475, 482, 484, 488,
4-89, 492. 502, 491, 512, 513, 514, 515,
518, 520, 523, 524, 526, 574, 581, 585,
587, 593, 598, 609, 610, 611, 614, 617,
642, 624, 654, 6S9, 690, 691, 693, 714,
71S.
Canastota Tract, 47, 3S9.
Capital, State, 26, 27.
Car manufactory, 286, 395, 509, 571.
Wheel manufactory, 160, 273, 2S6, 509.
Mills. 462. 516, 60S, 694, 695.
Carding Machines introduced, 683.
Card manufactory, 199.
Carillon Fort, 29S.
Carleton, Major, 300.
Caroline steamer destroyed, 453.
Carpenters, by counties, 109, 152.
Carpet Bag manufactory, 510.
Carpet manufactory. 199, 244, 275, 402, 407,
411. 468. 549, 686, 695, 707.
Carriage manufactory, 109, 160, 166, 228,
229, 237, 255, 275, 286, 346. 368, 399,
401. 402, 405, 411, 419, 463, 4S4, 487,
494. 496, 522, 548, 561, 575, 598, 657,
658, 6S3, 716.
Cartridge manufactory, 549.
Cary, Trumbull, and others, purchase by,
210.
Cascades. 20, 21, 22, 165, 203, 210, 227,
235, 239, 253, 255, 271, 300, 305, 310,
312. 320, 324, 326, 328, 333, 346, 352,
355, 360, 361, 374, 376, 377, 379, 3S3,
. 390, 395, 401, 402, 419, 467. 474,
484, 486. 487, 505, 508, 514, 515, 517,
521, 523. 524, 526, 527, 532, 558, 560,
572, 579, 593, 597, 604, 605, 609, 611,
613, 616, 617, 618, 646, 654, 656, 657,
658, 664, 670, 674, 675, 715.
Cases before Court of Sessions, N.Y., 421.
Cassiltown Manor, 564.
Castle Garden, 117, 427.
Castles of the Mohawks, 408.
Catholic Schools, New York, 431. See
Roman Catholics.
Catskill Mountain House, 333.
Patent, 332.
Cattle market, 427.
statistics by counties, 106.
trade, 428.
Caughnawaga Indians 408.
Caves, 26. 155, 162, 163, 164, 302, 328, 351,
356, 360, 361, 362, 393. 416, 482, 570,
600, 604, 606, 607, 666, 674, 675, 684.
Cayuga Bridge, 199. 200.
Marshes, 63,474.
C.iz'novc. TheophflUB, 322.
Cement manufactury. — See Wabrlime.
Central American .Educational Society,
1 16.
Asylum for Deaf and Dumb. 412.
Park, New York, 44, 423, 424.
Chain across the Hudson, 504, 505, 508,
609,642.
Lake Champlain, at Ticondcroga, 299.
Oiain Cable manufactory, 681.
Chair manufsu tary, 276, 282, 286, 343, 402,
462, 487, 527, 610.
Cliaml>er of Commerce, 116, 436.
Chambers, Thomas, 661, 662, 664.
Chambh CanaL 119.
Champlain Lake, 297.
grants on. 298.
Champlain, BamueL 288, 297. 477. MO.
Chandl.ri.-. -. 119,563,667.
• Fort Harbor, 418.
Chapel, Onsen Anne's, 418.
Charitable societies, 144, 247, 287, 403, 433,
434. 561.
Char- .370,431.
in, grant to a New York
church. I
Chart' - r «. New Vert City, 418, 438.
to academies, 127.
Chaoe. I:, v. Philander, 265.
Chasm. remarkable, in Clinton CO., 238.
in Lewis co., 378.
Chassanis, Peter, Purchase, 353, 375, 377.
Cheesebox manufactory, 343, 347, 348.
Cheesecock's Patent, 503, 508, 56S.
Cheese manufactory, 175, 416, 537.
product of, by counties, 107.
Chemical works. See Laboratories.
Chenango Tract, 47. ,
Triangle. 224.
Twenty Towns, 52, 224, 3S9.
Cherry YaUey massacre, 410, 531.
Patent, 532.
Chevaux de frise, 542.
Children's Aid Society, 370, 403, 434.
Hospital, 432.
Chinese, early trade with, 162.
Cholera, 308.
Christian Association, 146.
Connexion, 140.
Unions, 146, 147.
Cryslers Field, 311.
Churches, general article on, 139 to 144.
New York, 434, 435.
Church, John B., and Philip, 169.
property controversy, 287.
Tract, 321.
Cider, product by counties, 105
Cigar manufactories. See Tobacco.
Cincinnati. Society of, 434.
Ciscoes, fishery of, 359
Cities, officers of, 31.
City Courts, 34.
Halls, 156, 160, 246, 275, 365, 369,403,
423, 436, 468, 4SS, 524.
Inspector's Department, N. Y., 427.
Park. Brooklyn, 369.
Railroads, 367, 368, 429.
Schools, 160, 199, 246, 275. 286, 369, 403,
429, 430, 468, 488, 524, 560, 598.
Clark, Rev. Thomas, 685, 686.
Willis and Lewis G., 486.
Clarke, Miss Sara J.. 4S7.
Claus, Colonel Daniel, 315, 409, 412.
Clearances on Northern lakes, 118.
Clearing-House Association, N. Y., 436.
Clendening Valley Aqueduct, 424.
Clergymen, number by counties, 151.
property of, exempt from taxes, 48.
Clerks' offices. See County Buildings.
Clermont, steamboat, 162. 521.
Clifton Park Patent, 5S5, 587.
Mine, 572.
Clinton. Charles. 510.
College, Fairfield. 343.
Clinton, De Witt, 58, 59, 102, 481, 506, 549.
George, 274. 276.
Sir Henry, 504, 664, 699.
General James, 410, 412, 531, 536.
Prison, 41, 238
Purchase. 224.
Township. 47.
Clock manufactory, 638.
Clover mill. 350.
Cloves of the Catskills, 329, 334.
Coachmakers, number by counties, 151.
Coal formations. 329, 619.
mining for, 178, 407.
Oil manufactory. 367.
trad.-. 2Jo. 4sS, 618, 624, 655, 657, 661,
61 j. 863, r.64.
Coasting trade, statistics of, 115, 116.
Coast Survey, 23, 121.
Coffee and Bplce manufactory, 368.
Coldcu. Oadwallader, 508, 546.
Tract. 341, 343, 344, 345, 348.
Collar and Bosom manufactory, 657.
Collection districts, coasting trade by, 115.
general article on. 111.
Northern frontier, 11", 118.
ship building by, 115
tonnage by, 112.
C. IWioni on canals, 54.
Collect Pond, N. Y., 418.
Colleges, general article upon, 125.
notices of, 48. 125, 126, 160, 161, 188,
220, 252, 343, 384, 391, 403, 419, 430,
431, 455, 464, 498, 546, 560, 564, 675,
598, 610, 616, 657, 707.
tabular list and statistics of, 126, 127
Colonial history, 125.
Colonization Society, 146.
Colored Home. 425, 426.
schools, 136.
statistics of, by counties, 150.
Color manufactory, 272, 373.
Comb manufactory, 272, 286.
Commerce, foreign. Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115,
162, 247, 367, 418, 436, 438, 639.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Commerce, lake, 118, 119, 203, 214, 237, 239,
280, 285, 352, 395, 399, 402, 403, 452,
517, 518, 520, 524, 525, 580, 582, 657.
river, 156, 246, 268, 274, 276, 285, 330,
332, 502, 509, 561, 5S0, 581, 620, 652,
661, 662, 663, 664, 666, 699.
Commercial colleges, 287, 431, 489.
Commissioners of Canal Fund, 54.
for taking acknowledgment of aeeds,
35.
of Emigration, 117, 419, 420, 427, 549.
of Excise, 36.
of Health, 116.
of Highways, 39.
of Land Office, 46, 53.
Common Councils of cities, 31, 420.
Communities, 293, 405.
Comptroller, 32.
Confectioneries, 286.
Congregational Churches, 140.
Methodist Church, 140.
Congress, Continental, 565.
first meeting in New York, 438.
first Colonial, 162.
Connecticut Tract, 321, 513.
Constable's Towns, 375.
Contracting Board, 54.
Contributions to aid Schenectady, 599.
Controversy in Dutch Church, 275.
Convention for adopting U. S. Const., 276.
Hartford, 48, 52.
Hempstead, 544, 545.
Kingston, 664.
Provincial, 269, 272, 276.
Conventions at Syracuse, 488.
Convents, 419, 431, 434, 701.
Convictions, statistics of, 36, 421.
Cooper Institute, 435.
Cooper, J. Fenimore, 536.
Cooperages, 2S6, 514, 691.
Coopers, number by counties, 151.
Copperas, 305.
manufactory, 575.
Copper coinage, 509.
ores, 25, 267, 340, 575, 577, 579, 660, 704.
Corn, statistics of, 101, 104.
Cornplanter, an Indian chief, 410, 414.
Cornwall county, 18.
Coroners, 35, 427.
Cortland Manor, 705, 706, 708.
Corporations, general article on, 80.
Cosby's Manor and Patent, 341, 344, 348,
469.
Cotringer Tract, 321.
Cotton manufactory, 110, 166, 216, 228,
241, 247, 248, 253, 271, 274, 276, 293,
334, 346, 347, 348, 352, 356, 360, 362,
368, 402, 464, 465, 466, 468, 471, 504,
509, 510, 525, 527, 532, 533, 534, 535,
536, 538, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 561,
569, 571, 584, 590, 591, 598, 605, 634,
638, 662, 666, 682.
Councils, Indian, 322, 344, 414.
Council of Appointment, 31.
of Revision, 31.
of Safety, 601.
Country Roads, Suffolk co., 632.'
Country seats, 272, 275, 276, 664, 696, 703,
704, 707, 708.
County buildings, 156, 160, 168, 179, 186,
198, 208, 218, 223, 232, 241, 251, 258,
268, 280, 297, 307, 314, 320, 330, 337,
341, 352, 365, 375, 381, 388, 396, 407,
451, 458, 475, 492, 502, 512, 518, 530,
540, 544, 553, 563, 568, 573, 584, 595,
600, 609, 614, 620, 632, 642, 649, 654,
661, 671, 678, 689, 697, 710, 717.
Clerk, 35.
courts, 34.
Superintendent, 137.
Treasurer, 36.
Courts of admiralty, 117.
of Appeals, 33.
for Trial of Impeachments, 33.
New York City, 428.
of oyer and terminer, 35.
of sessions, 35.
State, 33.
United States, 33.
of Wiltwyck, ancient, 663.
Courtenay, E. H., 368.
Coverlet manufactory, 695.
Cowbell manufactory, 283.
Cowboys, 333, 698.
Cowen, Eseck., 592.
Cows, number by counties, 106.
Craigie Tract, 321.
Cranberry swamp, 528, 618.
Cratean lakes, Onon. co., 26, 474, 482, 484.
Cricket grounds, 423.
Crime of New York City, 421.
Criminal convictions, 35, 36.
courts, 35.
statistics, 425.
Crosby, Enoch, 541.
Croton Aqueduct, 418, 422, 424, 697, 706,
707, 708.
Yalley surveyed, 424.
Crown Point, fort at, 297, 298, 299, 673.
Crumhorn Mountain Tract, 125.
Crystal palace, 423, 424.
Cuck, George, a tory, 414.
Cumberland Bay, naval victory in, 234.
Currents of rivers reversed, 304, 579.
Customhouses, 119, 120, 239, 247, 286, 355,
356, 436, 524, 580, 638.
Cutlery manufactory, 246, 508.
Dairying, product of. See Acres, dc.
Dakin Ore Bed, 273.
D'Alainville, seigniory of, 298
Dam, State, 678.
Deaf and dumb, statistics by counties, 150.
Asylum, 419, 432, 433.
Deane's Patent, 48, 235, 471.
Deaths, New York, totals, 428.
of Holland Co. proprietors, 322.
De Bruyn, John Hendrick, Patent of, 247.
Debt of N. Y. to U. S., Revolutionary, 45.
Debtors, imprisoned, 42.
De Courcelles, expedition of, 408.
Deep Spring, so called, 484.
Deeds, acknowledgment of, 35.
Degrees conferred by Regents, 125.
De Lancey's corps, 551.
De Lancey, James, 701, 705.
Patent of, 413.
De la Barre's expedition, 358.
Delaware & Hudson Canal, 63, 642, 661,
662, 664, 666, 668.
Delliu's Patent, 682.
De Nonville, expedition of, 493, 499.
Dentists' Gold manufactory, 368.
Denton, Rev. Richard, 547.
Depots, 403, 561.
Deserters executed, 412, 536.
De Tracy's expedition, 408.
De Veaux, Samuel, 455.
Devendorf, Jacob, scalped, 416.
Devil's Hole, event at, 452, 453.
De Yries, D. P., 564.
Dewitt, Simeon, 58, 657.
Die manufactory, 593.
Dieskau, Baron, 298, 671, 672.
Dikes, 677.
Diluvial valleys, 361.
Dioceses of New York, 142, 143.
Dionondahowa Falls, 680, 683.
Disciples of Christ, 140.
Dise's Manor, 604.
Dispensaries, 2S7, 370, 432.
Distances by canals, 59 to 64.
by railroads, 66 to 73.
Distilleries, 160, 198, 199, 201, 213, 214,
286, 344, 367, 368, 384, 385, 391, 398,
401, 406, 454, 462, 467, 483, 484, 4S7,
497, 515, 535, 561, 593, 617, 618, 691,
693, 699.
Distributing post offices, 123, 652.
District attorneys, 35.
libraries, 135.
school meetings, 135.
Districts, aldermanic, 420.
Assembly, 28.
collection. See Customhouses.
judicial, 33, 34.
military, 43.
Senatorial, 28.
of Tryon co., early, 409.
Divisions, Colonial, Dutchess co., 269.
Docks, 367.
Dolomite, 41, 267, 699.
Domestic manufactures by counties. See
Acres, d-c.
Dongan, Governor, 564.
Dover Stone Church, so called, 271.
Door factory, 188.
Dorfs of Palatinates, 601.
Downie, Commodore, 234.
Downing, A. J., 708.
Doxtader, Tory, 411, 4i6, 602, 607.
Dressmakers, number by counties, 151.
Drouth, 352.
Drowned Lands, 501, 506, 507, 510, 511.
Drug manufactory, 275.
Dry docks, 45, 368, 618.
Dry goods, statistics of, 113.
Duane, Colonel, 410.
Dubois, Bishop, school founded by, 300.
Colonel, 410.
Dudley Observatory, 161.
Duel, 358.
Duervillo Patent, 235.
Duke of Gloucester, 574.
Dukes county, 18.
Dutch, policy of, toward Indians, 408.
settlements by, 306, 408, 437, 503, 601,
663, 667.
Duties on salt, 54.
Duties, receipts from, 111, 113, 114.
Dwelliugs, number and kind of, 108.
Dwight, Francis, 137.
Dyed Stuffs manufactory, 373, 563.
works, 293, 465, 5(?5, 706.
Earl of Moira, 574.
Earthen Ware manufactory, 198, 286, 499,
668.
Easton's Patent, 466.
Eaton, Amos, 24.
Ebenezer Society, 293
Edge Tool manufactory, 166, 235, 286, 300,
347, 393, 395, 402, 486, 590.
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, 269, 564.
Edmeston, Col., 533.
Elections, New York, 420.
canvass of, 30.
Inspectors of, 40.
military, 44.
Electors, census of, 31.
Elephant, fossil remains of, 163.
Elevations above tide, 19 to 22.
Delaware co., 257.
Steuben co., 619.
"Washington co., 677.
Elevators, 293, 356, 399, 525.
Eleven Towns on Black River, so called,
353, 355, 357, 358, 361. 362, 375.
Elias. officers of the ship, 564.
Elk, domestication of, 192.
Ellicott, Joseph, 322.
Embargo, 233, 247, 356, 357, 643.
Emery manufactory, 546.
Emigration. See Commissioners of Emi-
gration.
Emigrant homes, 427.
Emmons, E., analysis by, 324.
geologist of Second District, 24.
Encroachment upon N. Y. Harbor, 46.
Endowment of Union College, 598.
Engineers, Canal, 54.
English conquest, 438.
Engraving, 286.
Entries of vessels at New York, 112.
Epidemic, 361, 579.
Erie Canal. See Canals.
Basin, 284.
Escheats, 48.
Esopus, enemy advance to, 504.
Evacuation Day, 437, 438.
Evangelical Lutheran Church, 140.
Evans, David E., 322.
Evan's Patent, 503.
Evans, William, bequest of, 393.
Evening schools, 430.
Exchange building, 160.
Excise, Commissioners of, 36.
Executive Department, N. Y. City, 420.
State, 19.
Expeditions against Canada. See Canada.
Exports, Canadian, 118.
total New York, since 1701, 112, 114.
Eye and Ear Infirmaries, 370, 432.
Fairs, Colonial, 101.
State, and other, 102, 269, 706.
Fall Hill Patent, 341, 343, 346.
Families, number of, by counties. See
Acres, d-c.
Fancy Goods manufactory, 455.
Fanning Mill manufactory. 618, 691, 692.
Farms, number of, by counties, 108, 151.
Farrett, James, agent of Earl of Stirling,
633, 635. 637, 639.
Federalist (the) newspaper articles, 276.
Feldspar, 267, 671, 674.
Females, Asylum for, 433, 4S8.
Female Guardian Society, 433.
Seminaries. See Academies.
Ferries, general act, and list of. 82.
notices of. 200, 245, 249, 271, 272, 275,
276, 277, 356, 367, 420, 428, 450, 509.
546, 555, 503, 570, 580, 636, 664, 666
699, 700, 704.
10
INDEX OF SUBJECTS,
Fertilizers, 631.
Feudal privileges, 212.
Fever, 425.
Field notes of Holland Land Co.. 322.
File manufactory. 271. 275. 510. 571.
Fillmore. Millar 2 2 . 283.
Finance Department New York City, 420.
Fire arms first known to Indians in Xew
York. - :.
Fir..- Brick manufactory, 26, 468, 563, 567,
69 >.
Department-. 27". 369, 422. 421. 424.
destructive, S3, 162, 362, 438, 46S, 561,
575, 503. 652. 682.
Engine manufactory, 402, 593, 61".
436.
Wardens, 423.
in the woods. 631.
nan Hanoi J. 638, 639.
pn serration of, 124.
Fisher, Col. Frederick. 415.
Fisheries. Is. 46. 124. 232, 247. 357. 359,
427. 620, 544, 550, 632, 634, 636, 637,
641. 7>il.
Fitch. Dr. Asa. 27.
John. 82, 418.
Five Dutch Towns of Kings CO., 366.
Flagg. Axariafa C. 137.
Flagging Stone, 26, 197, 204. 205, 228, 2
2,881 . 149, 464, 491,512,
615. 581. 660. 663. 664, 666, 717.
Flax culture. 655, 558 •
statistic* of lint and seed, by cos., 106.
niiii- .569.
Floating battery, 45.
Flour manufactory, 160, 169, 17o. 172. 173.
17 ,193, 194, 199,202, 2 3, - '5.211.
212. 213. 214. 21>',. 22 - 222,226,
238,24 248, - 271, -"- 273, 274.
276, 2 24,82 .-
362. - 395,400,401,402,
405, 406, 413. 454. 465, H B, 481, 4-2.
4-1. 497, 514. 516, 518, 52 I, 521, .".22.
524. 525. 527. 528, 534, 536, 537. 538,
10,611, 612, '".17.
61v 23,625, 1. 651.
75, - 683, 685,
.712.713,715.
r culture, 548, 549.
l William. 463, 471, 634.
aw, 415.
BtOlman, 271.
-'.. Edwin, "
H. 31 6. 342, 347. 348, 540,
541, 602, €98. 700, 702, 704, 708.
238,239 210.297,349,360,
-. 504, 508, 582, 681, 686,
F.rk manufactory, 229, 390, 416, 487, 535,
.1 notice of, 45.
, 1 r r 1 i - 1 • r
522.
Clinton.
15.
(ii»
Hr
II o • . H7.
Hunter, 108, 413.
Ind'
119.
!
I
Miller, 591.
Honl \ 45, 237, 603, 5
Plain. 410, 414.
Putnam, 504, 505.
Richmond,
.410, 461, 4671 469. 686,
•
l'U. 407.
BulUvan,
Tompkins. 565.
419.
William Henry
Forts. Canadian, 45.
notices of. 45.156.157. 162, 163, 166. 206,
219, 220, 221. 237, 264. 274, 275. 277,
286, 297, 298, 299, 301, 304, 305, 327,
342, 344, 353, 356, 358, 373, 393, 408,
409, 110. 412, 413, 414,415, 416, 417,
419, 437. 452, 453, 460, 461, 467, 469,
473, 499. 503. 504. 505. 519, 525, 542.
546, 551, 559, 564, 565, 569, 574, 596,
598, 599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 634, 664,
673, 679, 681, 682, 700, 707.
Forty Thousand Acre Tract, 321.
Founderies. 160. ISO. 193. 2ol, 206. 227. 237,
239, 240. 244, 246, 248, 272. 277,' 286,
344. 356, 367, 391, 400, 401, 405. 454,
465. 466, 470, 4S4. 4S7, 488,506, 509,
510. 515, 521, 525, 533, 534, 535, 536,
542, .'.40. 556, 557, 55S, 569, 570, 591,
16, 007,610, 611, 615'.
617. 61 S. 622. 625, 627, 647.656, 657,
694, 702, 705, 707, 7o8, 715.
Fountain-. 362, 423.
Fowling. 544. 634.
Fox, George, 546.
Hull Manor. 40, 662, 663.
Franci-can College, 188.
Franklin Institute. Syracuse, 489.
Frauds. 808, 311, 362.
Free Academy, New York, 429, 430.
Freeholders, number of. See Acres, <£c.
Free Masons, 147.
- li ola, 137, 138,701,708.
Freestone, 568, 570.
French cede Canada to Great Britain, 299.
colonization, 353.
colonies, 224.
defeat of. 409.
fortifications, 297, 519.
grants on Lake Champlain, 233, 298.
missions, 477, 5S0.
1 i>t-. -■■-.
Protestants, 371. 546.
settlements, 264, 301, 363, 375, 376,
377, 378, 454, 477, 478, 546.
surrender, 574.
traces of. 457. 477, 4S2.
Tract, 224.
War. See War, French.
Freshets, 157. 162, 105, 302, 329, 558, 613,
644, 682. 683.
Friends, 142, 360.
cemetery, 371.
mission established by, 187, 195.
Frigates on Lake Ontario, 358.
Frisnell's Patent, 50.
Frontiers, 297.
Frontenac. expedition of, 408, 478.
Fort, 519.
Fruit culture. 198, 205, 327, 395, 402, 456,
464, 4-81, 497, 512, 546, 569, 570, 609,
661, 662, o--. 6S'.i. 606. 703, 706.
Fur Company. North Western, 525.
dressing. 368,
trade. 232;
Fulton, Robert, 83.
Funds, lands belonging to, 46. 47.
Furnaces, 109, 195, 198, 202. 211.212. 214.
226, 228, 235,288,244,245,247,270,
27:;. 2-2. 289,291,298,826, 856
:;o-. :;-2. 388, 386, 386,890,898, ! 98,
I, loo, 402, 401;. 40S,462, 400.471,
484,608, 514, 516, 62 77, 667,
682. 690, 691, 692, 698, 695.
Furniture, 109, 2-m* 20l.:',o2.;;os, 402, 488,
614,615,
makers, by OOUnti
Gage's Patent. 50.
Game, proti ction of, 30.
Gananoqui, expedition against, 864,
roort, OoL Peter, 401. 47s. 014.
Qardi an Trai t. 711.
ning. lol. •<■ .'.ol. 544.546,
547, 1,696,706.
Onrd.-n Seeds, 211. 213.686.
Gardner, Lyon, 636, 038.
k, John Christian, 409.
(iari
Gaslight mmiifactory, 80, 317, 368, 421.
. 093.
springs. 26. 186, 203, 208. 213, 214, 230.
2, 491,
490. 07,616,691.720.
Gnt<- rights, ho called. 550.
Gauntl-t. running "f the, 452.
rd, Willis, 486.
479, 483.
George, 63, 474, 482.
General Assembly, 698.
Court, 635, 640.
Genesee Falls Portage, 386, 710.
Tariff, 322.
Genet, Edmund C, 555.
Geographical and Statistical Society, 436.
Geological survey, 24.
Hall. 27, 160.
George III, statue of, 423. 438.
German Mats. 342, 344, 410.
Methodists. 141.
Ghent, treaty of, 18.
Gibbs, the pirate. 419.
GiUiland, William, 299, 300, 301, 305.
Ginseng trade, 415, 469.
Glass manufactory, 164, 240, 291, 355, 368,
462, 470, 517, 521, 549, 55S, 589. 641,
644, 668. 691.
Glebes, 344, 566, 571, 607, 699.
Glen's Purchase, 341, 343, 345, 346, 585.
Glove and Mitten manufactory. 286, 311,
314, 317, 318.
Glue manufactory, 286, 368, 398.
Goat Island, 455.
Gold Beating, 286.
Gold Pen manufactory, 368.
Gold and Silver Refining, 368-
Gore Tracts, 224, 263, 690.
Gospel and School Lands, 47, 135, 250, 574.
Governor, powers, qualifications, &c, 31.
Governors Island, forts on, 419.
Purchase. See Chenango.
Grain, amount by towns. See Acres, &c.
cradle manufactory, 484, 510.
destroyed, 264.
excellence of the several counties in,
101.
trade. Buffalo, 285.
Grand Island Tract, 290.
Granger, Gideon, 495.
Grape culture, 101, 497, 628, 699.
Graphite. 26. 267, 297, 300, 301, 302. 303,
304, 337, 338, 340, 540, 670, 671, 685.
Grass Seed, Sullivan CO., 641.
Great Nine Partners' Tract, 269, 277.
Green, Col., 708.
Griffin, first vessel on upper lakes. 452. 455.
Grindstone manufactory, 168, 223. 471.
Gristmills, number by counties, 109.
See Flour manufactory.
Grocers, number by counties, 152.
Guano manufactory. 637, 639.
Gun manufactory, 246, 286, 699.
barrel manufactory, 655.
Gunpowder explosion, 489.
Guthrie, Dr. Samuel, 359.
1 in 1 la l'ercha Belting manufactory, 549.
Guy Park, 412.
Gypsum, 26. 110, 197, 203. 320. 326, 340, 388,
392, 393, 394, 395, 398, 406, 45S, 469,
473, 480, 481, 482, 484, 485, 491, 497,
613, 614, 617, 688, 690.
Haile, Gon., 577.
Haldeman, Gen., 300.
Half-Moon Patent, 5S5.
Point, 593.
Orphan Asylum, x. Y., 433.
Hall, James, Pali tologiat and Geologist
of tin- Fourth District, 24.
Hall. X. K., 283.
Hall ol Records X. Y., 423, 437.
Halls of Justice V V.. 426, 437.
Hame manufactory) 229.
Hamilton. Al.-xan.'l.-r. 125. 270.
College Telescope, 892.
Hammer manufactory, 228.
Hammond, .lain-/ D., 137.
Hampton, Gen. Wade, 234,310.
Harbor at Black Rock, 288.
Buffalo, 284.
in. nt X. Y., 46, 418.
Hill. Roslyn, 560.
masters, 116.
N.-w V,.rk. 418.
Harbors on the lakes, 22.
Hardenburgfa Patent, 258, 331. 600. 663.
Hardware manufactory, 216, 286, 471, 488.
Harlem Canal, 41s.
Harness manufactory, by counties, 109.
Harper Patent, 50, 224.
Harper. Col.. 316,410, 624.
Robert, 226.
Harperstield burned. 410.
Harrisoft; Charles, 349.
Harrison's l'atent. 50.
Hartford Convention. 18, 180.
Hartman, John A., 345.
INDEX OP SUBJECTS.
11
Ilartwiek Patent, 633.
ilasenclever's Patent, 341, 345, 348.
Hat manufactory, 100, 198, 247, 286, 368,
510, 707.
by counties, 109.
Hawley, Gideon, 137, 005.
Jesse, 58.
Hay, 101, 103, 241, 331, 3.32, 547, 554, 605.
product by counties, 104.
Head Quarters of Washington, Newburgh,
500.
Health Commissioner, 428.
Officer, 110, 428.
Public, 110, 427, 428.
Heathcote, Caleb, 701, 702, 703.
Height of mountains, table of, 19.
lakes and rivers, 20, 22.
Hellgate, 548, 549.
Henderson's Patent, 341, 348.
Hendrick, King, 298, 343, 671.
Hennepin, Father, 452, 455.
Henry Clay steamer burned, 70S.
Herkimer, Gen. N., 264, 343, 345, 409, 410,
461, 538.
High Bridge, 424, 707.
High Falls on Black River, 379.
Highlanders, Scotch, 316.
Highlands of the Hudson, 501, 542.
High Rock Spring, Saratoga, 592.
Highways, 39.
Historical Society N. Y., 435.
Hoe manufactory, 200, 229, 390, 537, 557,
571, 575, 590.
Hoffman, aged 118, 269.
Holland Land Co., 52, 169, 187, 210, 2S0,
288, 321, 322, 452, 468, 515, 516.
agent of, 322, 390.
co. buildings erected by, 320.
names of members, 321.
Patent, 467.
Purchase, 280, 468, 513.
Holley, Myron, 59.
lome Association, 488.
Home Missions, 146.
Homeopathic Medical Societies, 149.
Homestead exemption, 48.
Honey, product by counties, 106.
' Hoosick Patent, 556.
Hop culture, 101, 223, 230, 340, 388, 412,
414, 45S, 530, 537, 600, 603, 600, 007
Hops, product by counties, 105.
Horse mill, 373.
races, colonial. 546.
Rake manufactory, 716.
Shoe manufactory, 235, 300.
Horses, association for improving breed of,
83.
killed by Sullivan, 221.
statistics of, by counties, 107.
Horticultural Society, Brooklyn, 370.
Hosiery manufactory, 160, 561, 617.
Hospitals, 120, 161, 287, 356, 365, 368, 370,
404, 419, 420, 425, 426, 427, 432, 505,
524, 555, 561, 565, 702.
House of Industry, 433, 434.
of Refuge, 42, 404, 420, 425.
Lord, death of, 298.
Huddlestone executed as a spy, 276.
Hudson, Hendrick, 156, 437, 559, 564.
Huguenot settlements, 269, 503, 564, 661,
663, 665, 703.
Hunter Lodges, 354.
Road, 042.
grounds, 232, 636.
Huntersfield Patent, 607.
Hurley Patent, 663.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne, 704, 705.
Hypersthene rock, 296, 346.
Ice, 162, 180, 365, 419, 484, 569, 663, 703.
Idiotic, statistics of, by counties, 150.
Asylum for the, 483, 488.
Illiterate, statistics of, by counties, 150.
Immigration, general statistics of, 122.
Impeachment, 33.
Imports, Canadian, 118.
total, since 1700, 112, 114.
Inclined planes on rail roads, 67.
Independence, Declaration of, 244, 697.
Independent Order of Odd F'ellows, 149.
India Rubber manufactory, 419, 546, 708.
Indian antiquities, 180, 181, 188, 194, 200,
202, 203, 206, 220, 253, 260, 204, 283,
293, 327, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 393,
412, 414, 453, 458, 482, 493, 494, 498,
499, 513, 516, 534, 651, 559, 588, 593,
605, 616, 643, 644, 679, 704, 705.
Indian disguise worn by anti-renters, 258.
hung for murder, 198.
invasions, 105, ISO, 210, 200, 202, 264,
297, 331. 334, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346,
347, 349, 372, 408, 410, 411, 412, 414,
415, 416, 417, 401, 407, 477. 493, On:;,
531, 533, 535, 504, 590, 597, 002, 604,
607, 608, 642, 661, 662,, 064 60s, 679,
705, 708.
Indian Purchases, 46, 48, ISO, 187, 224,
233,242, 243. 25S, 201, 270, 322, 332,
389, 394, 398, 437, 478, 499, 54.",. 551,
696, 634, 635, 038, 639, 698, 700, 701,
703, 705, 707, 708.
reservations, 48, 53, 187, 280, 308,309,
311, 322, 324, 327, 353, 382, 384, 385,
389, 393, 452, 462, 409, 478, 483, 485,
680.
Pass 303
settlements, 180, 187, 210, 274, 287,
308, 322, 382, 3S9, 393, 408, 415, 452,
458, 465, 473, 476, 4S3, 493, 495, 498,
499, 557, 559, 574, 5S0, 601, 632, 633,
637, 638, 655, 678.
statistics, 151.
trade, 157, 162, 415, 452, 4S5, 682.
tradition of, 458, 477, 482, 493.
tribes on Long Island, 632, 634
Indians at Montauk, 635.
Industrial schools, 161, 370, 404.
Inebriate Asylum, ISO.
Infirmaries, 370.
Ink manufactory, 593.
Inland Steam Nav. Companies, list of, 82.
Iuman's Triangle, 375.
Inn Keepers, by counties, 152.
Insane, statistics of, by counties, 150.
statistics of, 469.
See Lunatic Asylum.
Insects in grain, 320.
Inspection of steamboats, 115.
of vessels, 42S.
Inspector, City, 427.
Insurance companies, 81, S3, 436.
obsolete, list, 85 to S9.
rates lowered by Croton, 424.
Intermitting spring, 310.
Invasions, hostile, 180, 209, 232, 234, 236,
260, 262, 264, 280, 288, 290, 297, 299,
308, 310, 311, 312, 316, 331, 334, 342,
344, 345, 346, 347, 349, 354, 355, 356,
358, 359, 365, 372, 404, 408, 410, 411,
412, 413, 414, 415, 410, 417, 452, 460,
461, 467, 477, 478, 503, 504, 513, 519,
525, 531, 554, 556, 564, 569, 574, 57S,
579, 5S0, 587, 596, 597, 599, 602, 604,
607, 608, 624, 633, 634, 639, 642, 643,
661, 662, 671, 679, 681, 682, 694.
Iron bridge, 407.
manufactory, 41, 110, 166, 220, 232, 235,
236, 238, 241, 243, 245, 246, 261, 270,
271, 273, 275, 276, 2S6, 296, 297, 300,
301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 310, 349, 352,
360, 361, 302, 363, 395, 419, 462, 404,
471, 501, 508, 510, 521, 533, 535, 549,
561, 573, 575, 577, 579, 580, 582, 617,
652, 666, 668, 681, 699.
ores, 19, 21, 25, 155, 105, 186, 21S, 232,
235, 236, 237, 241, 243, 245, 207, 270,
271, 273, 277, 296, 297, 300, 301, 802,
303, 304, 305, 307, 310, 311, 312, 337,
348, 349, 352, 355, 360, 361, 374, 376,
377, 378, 388, 392, 395, 458, 464, 470,
471, 501, 517, 521, 528, 540, 542, 543,
563, 572, 575, 577, 581, 582. 589, 600,
670, 674, 675, 6S0, 692, 693, 695, 717.
Iron sand, 297, 340, 349, 374.
Ives, L. S., 380.
Ivory Black manufactory, 368, 563.
Jail limits, Jefferson co., 352.
Jails. See County Buildings.
Japanned Cloth manufactory, 368.
Ware manufactory, 286.
Jay Ore Bed, 581.
Treaty, 519.
Jemison, Mary, the white woman. 711, 712.
Jersey City, relations with New York, 429.
Jerseyfield Patent, 341, 347, 348.
Jervis, John B., 423.
Jesuit missions, 408, 415, 477, 519.
Jews, attempt to collect, 290.
Jogues, Father, 435, 477.
Johnson Hall, 316, 318, 409.
Guy, 315, 341, 346, 409, 412.
Sir John, 300, 315, 316, 409, 410, 413,
415, 602, 605.
Johnson, Sir William, 298, 816, 317. 318,
848, 348, 409, 412, 452, 512. 592, 071,
072.
Indian children of, 315, 348.
Johnston, Bill, 860,
Joncaire, , French adv< nturer, 452.
Jones, Samuel, charity fund, 549.
Judicial Department, ','■',. 428.
districts, 34.
Julia, encounter of the -< hooner, 574.
Junction Canal Company, 21S.
Jurisdiction, is, :;:;. 34, 418.
Justices' courts, 34.
Juvenile delinquents, 42, 420.
Asylum, 433.
Kakiate Patent, 568.
Kane brothers, 412. 409.
Kaolin, 301, 675, 567.
Kast's Patent, 341, 348.
Kayaderosseras Patent, 585, 587.
Kidd, William, the pirate, 570
Kinderhook Patent, 247.
Kingsborough Patent, 317, 318.
Kingsbury Patent, 0S5.
King's College. See Columbia College.
King's District, 241, 243.
King's Ferry, 569, 699.
King's Garden. 356.
Kirkland, Rev. Samuel. 461, 464, 485, 499
Kirkwood, James P., 369.
Klock's Field, battle of, 410, 417.
Knapp, Uzal, 509.
Knitting mills, 166. 558, 590.
Kortright Patent, 202.
Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 504, 586.
Laboratories, 248, 368, 419, 464, 505, 549.
Laborers, number by counties, 152.
La Cole surprised. 234.
La Fayette, Marquis de, 27. 410. 467.
La Hontan, Baron, 288, 404.
Lakes, general sketch of, 20.
Lake George Steamboat Companies, 82.
Lake ridges, 351, 355, 361, 395. 449, 453,
512, 514. 524, 688, 693.
Lallemant, Father, 477, 479.
Lamp and Lantern manufactory,
Lampblack manufactory, 593.
Lancasterian schools. 125, 160. 246, 560,
599, 657.
Land Office, 322, 323.
Commissioners of, 46, 494.
attacked by a mob, 210, 322.
Land patents, list of, 49.
Landslides, 303, 413, 560.
Land, State, how sold, 40.
tenure and title of, 46
under water, 40, 418, 410
Lansing's Patent, 341, 343, 348.
Lantern manufactory, 286.
La Salle, visits Niagara Falls. 455
Last manufactory, 286, 705.
Lath manufactory, 289.
Law, George, 424, 684.
Law Department, New York. 427-
Library & Institute, 435.
libraries, 287, 369.
schools, 161, 275.
Laws, 29, 30.
Lawyers, number by counties, i
Lay, Amos, 580.
Lead ore, 25, 241, 243, 267, 340, 355, 374,
378, 407, 506, 52S, 573, 579. 581. 046,
660, 686, 704.
Pipe manufactory, 362, 657
Leake & Watts Asylum, 433.
Lease, law respecting lands under, 40.
tenure of, 273, 471.
lands under, Delaware Co., 258.
Indian, 462.
Ledyard Canal, 484.
Legislature, 28.
at Kingston, 662.
at Poughkeepsie, 276.
dispersed, 26.
New York City, 420.
Leisler, Jacob, 700, 703.
Le Moyne, F'ather. 479.
Lery, M. de, 460, 467.
Le Roy's Patent, 603.
Le Roy, Bayard & McEvers, 321, 468.
Lewis, Governor Morgan, 272.
L'Hommedieu, Ezra, 125.
Patent, 341, 343, 34*.
Liancourt. Duke de, 498.
Liberty poles cut down, 344, 43S.
12
IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Librari-s. 27. 4«. 102, 123, 128. 127. 139,
144. 145. 246, 2*7. 309. 3*3. 391.403.
432, 434, 454) 475, 488, 4-9, 505, 524.
school district, 185, 137.
License question. 147.
Lieutenant Governor, powers and duties
of. .
it manufactory, 367.
ns. 121. 122. 885, 544, 550, 631.
Life leasee, 242.
and health insurant •
Lighth..ii- -. 120. 216,271, 280, 284.297.
. 356, 358. 360. 399, 403, 419, 524,
527. " 77.634,635,636,
• 706.
Lime manufactory, l"'.'. 110. 186, 197
252, 279. 301, 805, 881, 340. 381, 383,
39!. 162,474,484,485,512,
568. 569. 570. 590. 613. 615, 649, 654,
- 666, 670, 6*3. 690, 693, 700.
rrace. 288, - -
LincMaen Purchase, 389.
Lincoln, General i
Lindsay's Patent, 341, 343. 581.
l.i! so mannfii I ry, 237, 569.
f Propt rtv. _
Liquorice manufactory. 368.
:'- Patent, 841.
. irv associations and societies, 144,
mire Fund. 46. 125, 126.
-. 47.
Lithography, 28
Lit . *4.
Nin< Partners' Tract, 2 -"2. 273.
Manor, 242. _■ 4 7 .
:.;. 242, 244. 848, 003.
Robert R, 32, - t, 147.
a Ne^k Manor. 551.
I. : -. *:
when lands are sold und'>r, 40, 48.
Lock """"*"
,679, 596.
canal, 4.". .
• iry, 598.
••ban . bief. 200.
1/.^ navigation, 297,
French partisan. 672.
i fjriji=, (New York city poor,)
549.
Lotbiniere, grants to. 298.
l/'i- 12 12 556.
- I'liilippe, travels in X. T., 219, 404,
•nor. 564.
Lumber, U0, 160, 105. 166,168, 170, 171.
176, 1-::. 186,188, 1-9,190, 193,
l'.<4. 1 '.<:,. 211. 214. 215. 21-. 22'i. 221.
238,248,257,2
264,265,286,2 - 16,801,
1,811,812,
7,376,87
! - '
I, 590,
620
;
. 518.
1.
Lj
In Asylun
Lynda, Klnni. U
a, Jane.
M 1) rial I. D
;
206. .
24
293, 'd:.
-
; i s
691, 593. 606. •
:
693,609.
Marhin-rv manufactory. 1
411
Machinista. number by count
Machin - Patent, 48, 841 17, 41
M il's Patent, 342
Macomb, Alexander, 352, 579.
Macomb. General. 234.
Macomb's Purchase, 48, 308,375. 458, 572,
574. 581.
Magazines, military, 44.
Magdalen Female Benevolent Society, 433.
Magnetic machine. 297.
Mail routes by railroad and steamboat, 123.
early. 409.
ocean. 124.
Mail senice, general statistics, 122, 123.
Malignant fever. 428.
Malleable iron. 471.
Malt manufactory. 160. 166, 368, 618, 691.
Manganese, 26, 241, 267, 600, 704.
Manhattan Company. Ml. 424.
Manor of Pox Hall. 062.
IVm. Gilleland attempts to found. 305.
Btaten island. 564.
Wi -trh.sterco., 698, 703, 706, 707.
Fordham. 707.
Rensselaerwyck. See /?• nsselaerwyck.
Livingston. See Lii-ingston.
Cortland. See Cortland.
Manors, list of Colonial. 49.
Manual Labor Schools, 283.
Manufactures, statistics of. 109, 286, 436.
Maple sugar, 10L
Marble. 26, 41. 109, 267, 271. 273. 274. 286,
300, 301, 368, 376, 418, 577, 581. 590,
670, 671, 696,699, 700, 702, 704, 708.
cemeteries. 42s.
Marine barracks, 368.
clav. 572. 573. 5*0.
court. 35, 117. 428.
Family Asvlum, 566.
Fund, 117.
Hospital, 117, 120, 368.
railways, 286, 368, 525, 581.
Society. 434.
Markets. 2*0. 427. 706.
Marl. 186, 218, 241. 250, 252. 267, 273. 274.
279, 292. 318, 320, 3S8, 391, 394, 395,
458, 474, 540, 614, 619, 688, 690, 691,
693, 710.
Marthas Vineyard, 18, 49.
Martial law, Delaware CO., 410.
Marvin's Patent, 347.
Masons, number by counties, 153.
Massachusetts, attempt to settle on the
Hudson. 242.
claims, 242, 494.
lands, 52.
pre-emption, 18. 48.
Ten Towns, 48, 180.
Massacre, Indian, 661, 664, 672, 685, 700.
Mastodon, skeleton of, 501, 548.
Matchbox manufactory, 377.
Mayors. 39, 420.
Mayville land office sacked, 322.
Mechanics' Association, 403.
In-titute. 435.
Mechanical trades, total number of per-
sons engaged in. 153.
Medical Colleges. 12., 2-7. ."43. 430, 498.
Bodeties, 126, 149. 150,287, 48L
Medicinal extracts, 241, 248.
Mi _•-. Colonel, 039.
Melodeon manufactory, 286.
. 706.
M- mi nites. 141.
Mercantile Colleges, 139, 287.
Library. 4.;.".
Merchants, number by counties, 153.
Mi rchanta 1 Exchange, 488.
leal observations. 126.
Methodist Airi. an Church, 139.
ngregatlonal Church, 140.
Bpiac ipa] i Out. h. 141.
in Chun b. 141.
Primitive Chun b. 1 IS,
• I bun b. ill.
rmed, 143.
M • •«!• v in. 1 11.
litan Police, 366, 420. 504.
Midge, ravages 33, 395, 512, 518,
717.
Millinery, by counties, lln.
ip, Klag ira. 48.
505.
district*, 4,'J.
bsatl 11. 43.
i. 46, 354.
stations. 419.
: 24, 473, 478, 610,
090,691.
Militia called out. 2.'.9, 269, 437.
laws. 4-X 44.
officers, 43.
Militia, services of 565.
Milk market. 101, 268, 273, 277, 501, 502,
606, 510, 511, 540, 543, 544, 550, 554,
557, 568. 570. G96.
Miller, David C, 323.
Rev. Win., 6*3.
Millers, number of, by counties, 153.
Milliners, number of, by counties, 153.
Mill Iron manufactory. 297.
Millstone manufactory, 2S6, 355, 468, 641,
600.
Millvard Tract. 398.
Mineral localities. 26. 267. 296. 352. 361,
302. 374, 378, 407, 540, 563, 572.573,
576, 577, 579, 582, 584, 600, 604, 606,
675, 698.
springs. 26, 155. 159, 163, 164, 165, 16S,
170, 173, 175, 178, 186, 188, 195, 213,
221, 229, 241, 244, 248, 257, 267,279,
282, 301, 302, 305, 312, 320, 324, 325,
332, 343, 345, 347, 349, 355, 356, 357,
359, 360, 361, 363, 375, 377, 378, 379,
382, 386, 392, 393, 394, 402, 413, 455,
456, 458, 462, 463, 470, 481, 482,484,
488, 491, 497, 503, 515, 532, 534, 537,
546. 552, 554, 557, 558, 579, 590, 591,
592, 593, 607, 620, 650, 656, 664, 679,
683. 688, 692, 696, 702, 704
Mines, 25, 570, 660.
Road, 503, 642.
Mining. Mechanical. & Chemical Cos., 80.
Minisink, battle of, 503.
massacre. 503.
Patent. 503.
Mint, 122. 509.
Minuet, Peter, 437.
Mirage, 352, 705.
Missions. 139 r 142. 146, 187,195,273,274,
308, 370, 393, 404, 431, 434, 477, 519.
Mitchell's Cave. 416.
Mobs, 210. 269, 322, 438, 549, 565, 601.
Mohegans, 697, 704.
Mohawk Indians, 408.
River rifts, on, 23.
settlements. See Herkimer and Mont-
gomery cos.
Molang, a French Partisan, 686.
Molding mill, 707.
Montauk, 632, 633, 635, 638.
Montcalm, Marquis of, 298, 519, 672.
Montgomery, Richard, 276, 299.
Montour, Captain, 624.
Montour, Catharine, 610.
Montreal, expedition against, 408.
Monument to Herkimer voted. 343.
to martyrs of prison ships, talked of,
372.
to Paulding, 699.
to Pike and others, disgraceful, 359.
to shipwrecked persons, 547.
to Van Wart, 700.
to VI asbington, (corner stone,) 423.
to Williams, 298.
to Qcn, Worth, 423.
Moody, Lady Deborah. 372.
River Tract, 342,849.
Moral Ian mission, 27:;. 274.
Morgan, William, 323, 452, 495.
Hormonism, 4'.<l. 497, 690, 693.
Morris. I bief Justice, 705.
Gouverneur, 5*. 37
Honorary Creditor Tract, 321.
I., "is. 7i >2.
Ri serve, 160,821,882,494.
Robert, 321, 621.
Roger, 540, 541.
till., of. 4»4.
Morse, James 0., 210.
Morse, 8. P. H.. 274.
Mosaic code. 640.
Mo un d s, Indian, 200. See Indian And-
'1 1 1 Hies.
Mount, murder of, 347.
Mountain Ridge, 395, 512.
systems of the State, 19.
Mowers and Reapers, 405.
Muck, 1*0. 198, 279, 292, 320, 388, 394. 474,
618, 590, 614, 617, 618, 628, 688, 692,
683.
Miibs. number by counties, 107.
Muller, Lewis A.. 391.
Munro. Major, attack by, 687.
Colonel, 672.
Museum, 27, 432.
Mu-i il As-o« iation, 287, 489.
Mutual aid societies, 434.
Mutual Insurance companies, 83.
Myers Mine, 236.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
13
Nail manufactory, 198, 235, 297, 300, 301,
802, 501.
Nantucket formerly in New York, 18.
Narrows, 305, 373, 503.
National societies, 434.
Comp. Emancipation Society, 140.
Natural Bridge, 074, 704.
Nautical society, 434.
Naval Depot, 868.
Hospital, 45, 368.
Lyceum, 309.
stores, 245.
Navigation, 22, 156, 272, 279, 296, 297, 418.
companies, 04, 82.
Navy Yard, 308.
Neander, Dr., library of, 403.
Necks of land, 544, 549, 550, 551, 631, 638,
703, 706.
Needle manufactory, 570.
Newburgli, discontent of troops at, 504.
Patent, 509.
New Dorlach Patent, 603.
New England Alliance, L. I., 633.
Newgate Prison, so called, 4i.
New Petersburgh Tract, 389.
Newspapers, 157, 169,178,187,198,209.218,
224, 233, 241, 251, 258, 268, 280, 297,
307,315, 321, 330, 337, 341, 352, 366,
375, 381, 389, 396, 407, 439, 451, 459,
475, 492, 502, 513, 518, 530, 540, 545,
553, 564, 568, 573, 585, 595, 602, 610,
614, 620, 632, 642, 650, 055, 061, 671,
678, 689, 697, 711, 718.
discontinued, New York City, 442.
New York, before Revolution, 431.
New York State Agricultural College, 126.
Harbor encroachment, 46, 418.
Library Society, 435.
Society, 101.
system, geological, 24.
Niagara River and Palls, 449, 450, 452, 455.
Nickel 26.
N icoll's Patent, 637.
Nitschman, Bishop David, 274.
Noah, Mordecai M., 290.
Noble, Arthur, 337, 339, 349.
Nobleboro' Patent, 342, 349.
Noble's Patent, 48.
Normal School, 125, 136, 137, 369, 429.
Northern Inland Lock Nav. Co., 60.
Notaries public, 35.
Nott, Rev. Eliphalet, 532, 598.
Noxious animals, 30.
Nurseries, 398, 402, 498, 544, 546, 694, 703.
for children, 420, 425, 420, 433, 549.
Oakum manufactory, 286.
Oats, statistics of, 101, 104.
Oblong Tract, 18, 269, 540, 703.
Observatories, 423, 464, 505.
Ocean steamers, 82.
mails, 124.
Ocher, 175, 377.
Odeltown, affair at, 234.
Officers, State, county, and town, 40.
Ogden Samuel, purchase by, 321.
Tract, 321.
Ogdensburgh taken, 574.
Ohio Basin, 284.
Oil cask manufactory, 638.
cloth manufactory, 368, 468, 556, 590,
657, 658.
manufactory, 198, 286, 293, 357, 368,
390, 402, 515, 532, 549, 556, 567, 618,
632, 637, 639, 657, 691.
Old Fort, so called, 327.
Military Tract, 235, 237, 240.
Pre-emption Line, 494.
School Baptist Church, 139.
Omnibus routes. New York City, 429.
Oneida Community, 392.
Indians, friendly, 410, 596.
Reservation, 389.
River Improvement, 62.
stone, 458.
Oothoudt's Patent, 48, 468.
Ophthalmic Hospital, 432.
Optical Instrument manufactory, 392.
Ordnance, Bummary of. 45.
Organ manufactory, 286, 468.
Oriskany, battle of, 342, 410. 412, 414, 461.
Orphan Asylums, 161, 200, 247. 275, 370,
403, 419, 425, 420, 433, 488, 51S, 524,
561.
Oswegatchie District, 575.
Overseers of Highways, 39.
Owasco Lake Improvement, 63.
Oxen, statistics by counties, 106.
Oysters. 40, 544, 549, 550, 503, 567, 632,
630, 638, 704.
Page, David P., 137.
Pad manufactory, 280, 297, 301, 385, 482,
536, 570, 657.
Paine, John, 242.
Thomas, 703.
Paint many.. 312, 308, 402, 419, 549, 555.
Painted Post, 624.
Painters, by counties, 153.
Palatinates, 242, 245, 408, 409, 412, 415, 416,
509, 001. 603, 005, 006, 667.
Palisades, 21, 25.
Palisades, (military,) 372, 373, 437.
Palmer, Edmund, tory spy, 699.
Erastus D., 487
Mine, 236.
Purchase, 585.
Paper Box manufactory, 317.
manufactory, 110, 166, 199, 200, 215,
228, 241, 243, 244, 247, 248, 274, 277,
286, 297, 317, 330, 334, 345, 346, 352,
362, 375, 377, 384, 385, 390, 402, 407,
466, 484, 485, 4S7, 504, 510, 510, 527,
538, 550, 556, 557, 558, 561, 570, 584,
689, 590, 593, 605, 600, 610, 634, 657,
666, 704.
Pardoning power, 31.
Pardons, statistics of, 36.
Parish, David, 580.
Parker, Col., 266.
Parks, 369, 422, 423.
Parsonage, Queens, 413.
Passengers, statistics of, 117, 122.
Patchin, Gen., 603.
Patent Leather manufactory, 286, 368.
Patents, Land, 46, 48, 49, 53, 258, 341, 408.
Pathological Society, New York, 431.
Patriot " War," 235, 354, 357, 360, 452, 574,
575
Patroon, title of, 159.
Paulding, John, 699.
Pauw, Michael, 564.
Peaches, quantity by counties, 107.
Pearling Mill, 593.
Pearl barley, 482, 484.
Pears, quantity by counties, 107.
Peas, statistics by counties, 105.
Peat, 232, 237, 241, 267, 337, 394, 458, 474,
505, 540, 570, 629, 071.
Peg manufactory, 317.
Pelham Manor, 703, 704.
Pell, Thomas, 700, 703, 704.
Pemaquoit, 18.
Pendergrast sentenced, 269.
Penet Square, 48, 353, 357, 360.
Penitentiaries, 156, 280, 365, 425, 475.
Peppermint, 689.
Oil manufactury, 691.
Perache's Tract, 48.
Percentage of population, 151.
Perry, Commodore, gifts to, 423.
Personal liabilities of stockholders, SO.
Pestilence, 428, 601.
Petrie's Purchase, 342.
Petroleum springs, 168, 173, 1S6.
Pharmacy, College of, 431.
Phelps and Gorham Purchase, 321, 382, 398,
494.
Philippe, Louis, 404, 498.
Philipsburgh Manor, 700, 702, 704, 708.
Philipse Patent, 540, 541.
Philosophical Instrument man'y., 286.
Physicians, by counties, 153.
Piano manufactory, 160, 228, 286, 468, 509,
685.
Pickle manufactory, 707.
Picq uet, Francis, 574.
Pictured Rocks, 380.
Pierrepont Estate, 376, 378.
Piers, 156, 280, 284, 350, 367, 419, 422, 524.
Pike, Z. M., monument to, 359.
Pilots, 115, 116.
Pine plains, 156, 312, 351, 638.
Pin manufactory, 275.
Pipe clay, 26.
Pistol manufactory, 699.
Pitcher, Lieutenant Governor, 685.
Pitt, statue of, 438.
Plains, Hempstead, 544, 547, 548.
Plane manufactory, 286.
Plan of union proposed, 162.
Planing mills, 160, 205, 220. 228, 235, 237.
239, 286, 289, 292, 2y3, 317, 347, 367,
368, 393, 399, 401, 402. 405, 406, 454,
466, 500, 514, 546, 590, 59S, 604, 610,
617, 025.
Plank roads, 39, 80, 159, 179, 235, 236, 258,
284, 311, 321, 354, 459, 515, 518, 5%,
601, 042.
Plaster mills, 110, 205, 221, 228, 229, 238,
244, 247, 271, 274, 307, 385, 808,
400, 401, 4110, 454, 468, 4s4, 559, 618,
662, 657, 682, 083.
Plate of Johnson family, 316, 400, 410.
Plattsburgh attacked, 2:14.
Plow manufactory, 244, 454, 460, 515, 699.
Plums, by counties, 107.
Pocket Book manufactory, 286.
Point an Per, 233, 237.
Police Department, 420.
Political societies, 434.
Poor, associations for relief of. 287,370.
county and town, 161, 168, 179, 186,
l'.IS, -n>. 211, 21S. 223, 2:;:;. 241, 261,
258, 208, 280, 297, 307, 314, 320, 830,
341, 352, 375, 881, 388, 390, 407, 425,
427, 434, 451, 459, 475, 492, 502, 513,
518, 530, 540, 5^0, 553, 595, 600, 614,
634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 630, 642, 649,
654, 661, 671, 078, 689, 690, 711, 718.
statistics of, 37, 38.
Superintendents of, 30, 36.
Popham, Major Win., 705.
Population, total, by counties, 150.
by towns. See Acres, dim.
comparative, 151.
of cities, 371, 404, 435, 436, 469, 599.
Porcelain manufactory, 367, 308.
Portages, 22. 23, 460, 466, 519, 528.
Portage Falls, 380, 711, 713.
Porter Road, 042.
Port of New York, 438.
Portrait gallery, 495.
Portraits in Capitol, 27.
Ports of entry, 111, 216, 399, 438, 638, 694.
Port Wardens, 116.
Postal arrangements, 122, 123.
Post office, 123, 437.
Potash, 415, 518.
Potato culture, 101, 105, 639, 682.
Potsdam sandstone quarries, 312.
Potter, Kev. Alonzo, 137, 270.
Potteries, 286, 468, 691.
Potters' Field, 420, 423, 425, 426, 428.
Pouchot, M., surrender of, 574.
Powder mills, 504, 559.
Premiums for domestic manufacture, 102.
Presbyterian Church, 141, 142.
United, 139.
Prevost Patent, 333.
Prideaux, Gen., 452.
Primitive Methodists, 142.
Printers' Library, 4:;5.
number by counties, 153.
Printing cloths, 509.
offices by counties, 110.
Print manufactory, 272, 563, 565, 570
Prison Association of New York, 42, 426,
433.
Prisoners sold as slaves, 661.
Prisons, 41, 200, 238, 425, 426, 427.
Prison ships, 371, 372.
Privateering on St. Lawrence, 355.
Prize fighting, Boston Corners, 243.
Protestant Episcopal Church, 142.
Provident and Mutual Aid Societies, 434.
Provincial Congress, 662.
Patent, 684.
Provost, Sir George, 234.
Public health, 427.
Schools. 135.
School Society of New York, 430.
Pulteney, Sir William, 321, 3S4, 404, 621,
622.
Pump manuf; ictory, 2S6, 368, 400, 405. 463,
598, 617.
Putnam, Gen. Israel, 298, 371, 450, 504,
540, 541, 672, 682, 685, 6S6.
Puts Rock, 686.
Pyroligneous Acid manufactory, 182.
Pyrotechny, 2S6.
Quackenboss, John, 685.
Quaker settlement, 366.
Springs, 591.
Quarantine, 18, 31, 116, 117, 419, 427, 428,
563, 565, 566.
Quarries. 26. 41. 155, 1 65, 107, 108, 170, 172,
173, 175, 190, 191, 192, 197, 201, 204,
205, 208, 213, 214, 215, 218, 223, 243,
245, 207, 270, 271, 279, 282, 284. 301,
305, 312. 314, 318, 320, 331, 332. 340,
341, 343. 346. 347, 349, 359, 381, 383,
385, 393, 395, 400, 407, 411, 449, 454,
14
IXDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Quarries, continued.
468, 463.4(4. 407. 470. 471. 473, 482,
483.4-4. 485, 491, 497. 512, 615, 517,
52-. _ 540,642, 666, 572 • : -
681. '-7. 500, 618, 616, 617, 660, 662,
60.-.
700. 702, 7 4. 7< .. 708,718, 714, 715.
Quarter Bales,
Quartz er\ -t lis, 840, 848, 649.
Queensborongh Patent, 5S5.
'■':. -77.
Quitrents. 48, 242, 258, 699, 701, 704.
Quogue Purchase, G38.
Race cour- », 550.
Baiting, -
Kail Roads. Canadian. 119.
Commissi t .-. ' 9.
employe) -. by counties, 153.
gauge, 74.
general article on. 66.
notices of, 71. 112. 166, 159. 109, 170,
172. 173. 174. 17'.'. l-o. 1-2. 1-4. 1-',.
1-7. 189, 191, 192, 198, 194, 201,203,
.... ,208,209,214, 218,219,220,
224. 282,2 237,238, 241, 244. 245.
- - 1 248, - -. 265,268, 270, 271.
-■ -• . - 17, 810, 312,
821,324, . . i, 341, 345. 34'.
35-;. " 7,381,382,; 33,384,
7,3 18, 899, 400,
401, 402,4 8,405, 4 17, 416, 451, 454.
7. 41 -. 470, 471.
475, 480, 482, 4-3. 4-4. 488, 495, 496,
"'.. 507, 508,
>16,518, 520, 521.530,
.. .. • . ,648, { 19, 550,
" • '. 'w3,568,569.57'i.
571. ' . " : ::. :
60". 612,614,617,618,620,
630. " II. 642, 650, 651,
652. J, 78,1 39, 69 I,
661. 2. 1 1,700,
701, " - 1 06, 707, 708,
711.
prqj 76 to 79.
statistics •■!'. 74. 75.
Rake manufactory, 260, 657.
Richard, 566.
Randalls Island, 42. 420, 425.
I i _ _ _
Bank of military officers. 43.
Bapelje, Barah, 371, 437.
. mannfai tory, 546.
Beaches on the Hudson, 542.
Bual. Oonnl
117, 524.
BecorJ Commissi
.
J: •
Pn 1 4.;.
1 u.a li.ui an.] Nova Sc :i Hi, 235,
Delinqnenl
• ry, 2-0.
rsity, 125. 126, 635.
: birth*, marriagi 9, and
100, 144.
. Manor, 1 . 165,
Beorr Id nnd silver m
Urmi.
Betv l /•'■ >trvmri.
116.
' 11.
• ion.
i iry claimi
li li.-iri i- ii - •
Rii I
mat, 11 '.
Road, 512. 693.
■ketch, 20.
Roads, opening of
Bobert, Louis J., grant t . 2 ■-.
Robinson. Beverly. 540, 542. 699.
Rock City, so called, 173, 192.
Rucking stones, 701, 705.
Rogers, Piatt. 300.
Robert, 298. 674. 685. 701.
Rolling mills, 199, 235, 297, 569, 571, 666,
699. 708.
Roman Catholic Church. 143.
Roofing slates, 26, 243, 267, 555, 677, 682,
684.
Rope manufactory, 228, 286, 368, 376, 464,
556, 55S, 634, 693.
Rosin Oil manufactory, 368.
Ross and Butler, 416.
R. --. Major, 316.
Rotunda. N. Y.. 423, 437.
Royal Grant. 315, 342, 343, 345, 347,348.
Rubber Toy manufactory. 272.
Rumbout's Patent, 209, 272.
Rural cemeteries. 100. 166. 200, 275, 371.
372. 373, 398, 404, 428, 549, 577, 599!
703, 704.
Rye, where most raised, 101.
statistics of, 104.
Sable Iron Co., 236.
Sackets Harbor. 525.
Saekett. Richard. 270.
Sacondaga Patent, 317.
Saddle & Harness manufactory, by cos.,
153.
Tree manufactory, 691.
Safe manufactory. 160, 368, 402, 561.
Safety fond, 89.
Sail manufactory. 2 S 6.
Sailors' Snug Harbor, 566.
St. Hilary. Count. 521.
-t. Lawrence Canal. 119.
St. Leger, Gen, 166, 342. 410,461, 467, 586.
St. Regis Indians, 233, 308.
Saleratns manufactory, 401.
Salisbury, Aaron, 290.
Salmon fisheries, 124, 520.
Salometer, 480.
Salt holes, so called. 4S8.
manufactory. 110, 198. 203, 399, 405,
479, 483, 487,488, 489, 512, 514. 515,
522. 532, 032, 692, 693.
marshes and meadows. 365. 372. 373,
418, 544, 546, 547, 548. 550, 563, 566,
631, 633, 635, 636, 638, 696, 706.
Springs Lands. 47.
,-]n ii. -. Sei Urine Springs.
wells, 479, 4S0, 483.
Salvage, 117.
Sandpaper manufactory, 546.
Sand plain, 584.
Sandstone terrace, 577.
Sandy Creek battle. 525.
Sandy Hook fort, 565.
light. 419.
i . W. P. S.. 368.
Saratoga Patent. 585.
i. Henry G., 59.
Sash & Blind manufactory, 110, 188, 228,
22". 211. 21-. 255. 270. 2SB, 297, 301,
,';o2. :;o-. ::-:.. 3MI. 393. l"7. 413, 154,
463. 4-4. 510, 515. 554. 575, 582, 590,
596, 603, 652, 686. 716.
Satinet manufactory. 201. 5o*.
- bank-, 99. ion, 100, 430, 040.
s.iw manufactory, 286, 506.
Sawmills, by counties, 110.
- i manufactory, 848.
Scale manufactory, 402,
ins, 2' 1.
Si haghticoke Indians, 559.
.»■ honai i" Invaded, 816,
School Comm 88, 135,137, 139.
Districts, 81, 186, I
I i.n. I. 40. 47. 186.
General Irtli le on, 135.
h
Indian, 412. 11
Lands, it.
stati-ti. -. 138. Sen Acres, <fe.
mmon, 3«, 135.
Schuyler, Han Sort, 342.
r • i.t . • 342.
Petei
I'inlip. 816, 410. 591,
Patent, 4b'.. 602, 603.
manufactory, I
Scriba, George, 61
Scrfba'fl Patent, 48, 619, 52L
Scythe manufactory, 274. 312, 466, 4S3, 590,
617.
Sealer of Weights and Measures, 30, 38.
Seal of Broome Co. presented, 178.
Delaware Co. adopted. 257.
Seamen's Friend Society, 146.
employed, 113.
Hospital. 120, 434.
Retreat. 500.
tax upon, 117, 120, 566.
Seamless Bag manufactory, 590, 6S3.
clothing, 271.
Seat of Government. 26. 438.
Secretary of State, 32, 125.
Secret Societies, 147.
Seigniories, French, 233, 298.
Select schools under Regents. 125.
Seminaries, 200, 453, 454, 498. 533, 602, 713.
See also Academies.
Senate, 28.
Districts, 28.
Seneca Indians, 397, 452, 493.
Lock Navigation Company, 62.
River Improvement, 61, 62.
Turnpike, 469.
Serpentine, 670, 675.
Serpent, tradition of, 493.
Servis's Patent, 466, 468.
Seventh Day Baptists, 143.
Seward, William H., 200, 510.
Sewers, New York, 425.
Shad fisheries. 124.
Shakers, 143, 166, 243, 248, 384.
Shaunandhoi Patent. 585, 587.
Shattuck, Artemas, 714.
Shawl manufactory. 508, 598, 618.
Shay, Daniel, 105, 603.
Sheep husbandry, 107, 637, 686
Shell. John Christian, 345.
Sheriff murdered, 242.
county, 35.
Shingle manufactory, 110, 2S6. 290, 291,
292. 293. 301. 33S, 454. 470. 523.520,
527. 575, 580, 590, 611, 625, 667, 694.
Shinnecock Indians. 638.
Ship building, 115, 213, 2S6, 297, 352, 356,
357. 358, 359, 367, 368, 399, 520, 525,
549. 569, 570, 632, 633, 634, 636, 639,
662. 686.
canal. 2S4, 690.
Timber Co.. 291.
Shipments. Buffalo, 285.
Shoe manufactory, 846, 373, 402, 548, 568,
570. 705.
Shovel manufactory, 705.
Showmen. 706.
Sickness. 081.
Silk manufactory, 275, 2S6, 391, 566,570,657.
SiUiman. Prof., analysis by, 324.
Silurian rocks. 155.
Silver Lake Tract. 711.
mines, so called, 257, 337, 374.
Plating. 2S0.
traces of, 528.
Ware manufactory, 110. 163, 368, 488,
I 12
Simcoes Queen's Rangers, 551.
Skanandoa, Indian chief. 409.
Skin.-. Philip. 299. 0-0.
Skinners, 698.
Slack Water Navigation Co., 614.
Blate, 26.
slab- <,-.. 267 270, 273.
sin.- rescue, 189.
Slavs. In. bans sold as. 661.
Small Pox Hospital, 425.
Smallw I. Col.. 701.
Smith. C.I.. 462.
Gcrrit, .".93.524.
Joe, 491.467.
Peter, lease of. 462,
purchase of, 389, 393.
William, II.. 034.
Smuggling, 233,357.
Sni II an. I /.iin rman's Tract. 342.
Soap manufactory, 109, 286,368, 402, 509,
698.
Socialists. 392.
Societies, Agricultural, 102. See Xew
York Stab Agriculhtrai Society.
Society for Promoting Agricultural Arts
ami Manufactures. 101. 161.
Promoting Useful Arts, 101.
Soda manufactory, 286.
Solar works. 479. 4S0.
Solitary confinement. 41.
Sons of Liberty, 423, 438.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
15
Sons of Malta, 148.
Spanish Brown, 25.
relic, 477.
invasion, 478.
Spaulding, Solomon, 532.
Specie, 113, 122.
payment suspended, 90.
Speculations, 306.
Spenoer, Jolm C, 187, 323.
Spies, 412.
Spiritual rappings, 690.
Spoke manufactory, 277, 590, 667.
Springs, copious, 205, 277, 522, 570, 615.
Spuytenduvvil Creek, 418.
Squatters, '242, 243, 269, 290, 291, 358, 300,
389, 394.
Stage boat, 469.
licensed, 553.
rights, 469.
routes, early. 496.
Stair building, 110.
Stalactites, 164, 416, 600, 604, 606, 607.
Staley's Patent, 342, 344.
Stamp Act, 438.
Starch manufactory, 232, 237, 238, 240,
286, 297, 307, 346, 468, 518, 521, 525,
550, 581.
Stark, Gen. John, 298, 556.
State Engineer and Surveyor, 33, 54,^68, 69.
Government, 28.
Hall, 27.
House, 26.
Library, 27, 125, 126.
Prisons, 36, 41, 42, 63, 200, 238, 704.
officers, 41.
reservations for villages, 288, 704.
Roads, 322, 615, 655.
Statue of George III. and Pitt, 423, 438.
Washington, 423.
Stave manufactory, 238, 262, 286, 290. 292,
363, 487, 514, 522, 526, 618.
Steamboat Companies, 82.
mail routes, 123.
statistics of, 115.
tax, 54.
Steamboats, 115, 162, 200, 214, 247, 275, 286,
288, 307, 354, 356, 360, 368, 375, 399,
418, 429, 452, 489, 495, 526, 550, 551,
561, 573, 579, 584, 611, 615. 616, 620,
627, 628, 655, 657, 664, 673, 687, 696,
697, 699, 700, 703, 705, 708.
Steam Engine nianufactory, 286, 525. 652,
685.
Stedman, William, 452, 455.
Steele, O. N., murder of, 259.
Steel manufactory, 270, 311, 508, 510, 540,
566, 571, 701.
Sterritt Tract, 321.
Steuben, Baron, 48, 467, 484.
Stevens, Ebenezer, 549.
John C, 418.
Stewart, Alvan, 210.
Stilwellites, 140.
Stirling, Earl of, IS, 550, 633, 635, 639.
Stirling, Lord, 510, 564, 637.
Stock, oreeding of, 277.
amount of. See Acres, <fe.
Stockade, 469. See Forts.
Stone and Marble dressing, 153, 368, 663,
666.
Stone Arabia battle, 316.
Patent, 317, 408. 416.
Stone Heap Patent, 413, 603, 605.
Stone heaps, 242, 605.
Stone Ware manufactory, 286, 468.
,Stove nianufactory, 160, 2S6, 561, 699.
Strang, Daniel, execution of, 699.
Straw, paper factory, 166.
Streets, arrangement, New York, 422.
Department, 422.
inspection, 427.
Stuart, Charles B., 368.
Sturgeon fisheries, 124.
Stuy vesant pear tree, 437.
Peter G., 423.
Suburban population, 429.
Sugar Loaf Hill fortified, 299.
Sugar refineries, 419.
Sullivan. General, 219, 221, 371, 382, 410,
478, 493, 531, 536, 564, 602, 609, 614,
617.
Sunday schools, 146.
Superintendent Poor, 36.
Superintendent Public. Instruction, 125,
135.
Supervisors, 30, 39, 420.
Tryon County, 410.
Supreme Court, 34.
Surrogate, 34.
Survey Fifty, so called, 479.
Surveyor General, 33.
Surveys of Holland Land Co., 322.
Surveys of Lake Chainplain, 298.
Suspension bridges, 235, 302, 412, 453,455,
688.
Susquehanna Navigation, 619.
Swallow, steamer, wrecked, 331.
Swedenborgian Church, 139.
Swift, General John, 690.
Swine, statistics by counties, 107.
Taconic system, 24, 25.
Tailors, by counties, 153.
shops, by counties, 110.
Tallmadge, Major, 634, 638, 701.
Tammany Society, 434.
Tanneries, 110, 153, 181, 183, 188, 193, 194,
195, 198, 202, 205, 213, 219, 225, 228,
230, 238, 239, 244, 248, 257, 259, 260,
262, 263, 265, 282, 283, 286, 289, 290,
291, 292, 293, 297, 302, 304, 305, 311,
314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 330, 331, 332,
333, 334, 338, 339, 342, 343, 346, 347,
348, 350, 352, 360, 362, 363. 375, 377,
3S5, 386, 390, 391, 392, 394, 400, 402,
454, 462, 463, 465, 466, 468, 469, 470,
483, 4S4, 505, 514, 515, 516, 520, 521,
522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 529, 532, 533,
534, 535, 536, 537. 538, 541, 554, 575,
576, 584, 589, 590, 591, 598, 603, 604,
605, 606, 607, 608, 610, 611, 612, 623,
625, 627, 628, 641, 643, 644, 645, 647,
649, 651, 652, 655, 657, 661, 663, 665,
667, 668, 671, 675, 690, 691, 693, 695,
699.
Tape manufactory, 706.
Tariffs, 111.
Tarleton, Gen., 700.
Tavern sign in verse, 222.
Taxation, 48, 422.
Tax sales, 48.
Teachers' classes, 126, 138.
institutes, 137.
statistics of, by counties, 153.
Tea destroyed in New York Harbor, 438.
Teamsters, number, by counties, 153.
Telegraph companies, list of, 81.
Instrument manufactory.
Temperance Society, New York State, 147.
Ten Governors, 425.
Ten Towns on St. Lawrence, 47, 572, 574,
575, 576,577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582.
Tenure of lands, 46.
Tertiary clays, 237, 296.
Theater at Bath, 622.
Theller, E. A., 405.
Theological seminaries, 127, 200, 391, 403,
430, 431, 533, 575, 707.
Thermal springs, 26, 241, 247.
Thermometer nianufactory, 248.
Thimble manufactory, 636.
Thorburn, Grant, 549.
Thousand Islands, 577.
Thread manufactory, 593, 597.
Threshing machine, 657.
Ticonderoga, 298, 299, 305, 671, 672, 673.
Tidal estuaries, 365, 367, 372, 544, 546, 547,
563, 696, 706.
Tide mills, 371, 544, 546, 640, 696, 701, 705.
Tides, 23, 156, 419.
Tile manufactory, 160, 398, 499, 691.
Tillier, Rodolph, 375, 377, 378.
Timber stealing, 309, 311, 360, 580.
Tin nianufactory, 368, 546, 618.
Tinsmiths, by counties, 153.
Tinware manufactory, by counties, 110.
Titanium, 26.
Title, controversy about, 299, 357.
Tobacco and cigar manufactory, 110, 166,
276. 286. 368, 468, 488, 693. 699.
Tobacco culture, 101, 105, 219, 220, 221, 372,
487, 689.
Indian tradition, 482.
Tompkins, Governor, 564, 705.
Tonawanda Swamp, 450.
Tonnage, American, compared with fo-
reign, 112.
Buffalo, 285.
at different periods, 115, 116.
by counties, 113.
by districts, 112.
coasting, 115.
general article on, 115.
on great lakes, 118.
Oswego, 524.
registered and enrolled, 111, 112, 115.
Tool manuf'y, 300, .',91 , 393, 527. 590, 598.
Topographical outli.ie of State, 19.
Topping Purchase, 888.
Tories, 163, 180, 345, 346, 398, 002, 607, 636.
Tornado, 310.
Totten & Crossfield's Purchase, 47, 337,
:U2, 319.
Town Clock manufactory, 390.
halls, 239, 700, 707.
meeting days, 30.
powers of people at, 31.
officers, 30, 40.
Purchase, 638.
Townsend Fund, Jamaica, 548.
Townships patented, Delaware county,
258.
Tract societies, 145, 404, 489.
Trading posts, 452, 519, 661.
Transit Line, 321, 322.
storehouse, 322,328.
Trap rock, 501, 568.
Treasure buried, 316.
Treasurer, State, 32.
Treaties, 18, 180, 224, 257. 290, 299, 344,
382, 461, 478, 479, 661.
Treaty, Reciprocity, 524.
Trial of Zenger, 431.
Triangular Tract, 321, 326. 398.
Tribunals of Conciliation, 34.
Trinity Cemetery, 428.
Church, 434.
Triphammer manufactory, 347, 391, 393.
Trombois Mine, 236.
Trumbull. Col. John, 385.
Trustees of Academies, 126.
school districts, 39
Tryon, Governor, 26.
county, ravages in, 411.
Tub manufactory, 297, 466, 570, 590.
Tufa, 26, 186, 395, 592.
Tunnels, 68.
Turkish present to Com. Perry, 423.
Turner's Purchase, 705.
Turning, by counties, 110.
Turnpikes. 39, 182, 284, 601.
Tuscarora Indians, 410, 452, 596.
Twenty Towns on Chenango, 224
Twine manufactory. 571, 593, 597, bo4.
Type manufactory, 160, 286.
Union College, 126, 549, 598.
schools. 136. 138. 201, 214, 324, 346,
359, 401, 405, 454, 4S3, 484, 487, 498,
548, 580, 617, 618, 636, 691, 692, 712.
Unitarians, 143.
United Presbyterians, 139.
United States Courts, 33.
Deposit Fund, 125.
Universal Friend, so called, 718, 719, 720,
721.
Universalists, 143.
Universities. See Colleges.
Upholstery, 286.
Upton, Paul, letter from, 269.
Vaccination, 432.
Valuation by towns. See Acres, dx.
Van Alstyne, Eva, 411.
Van Buren, Ex-President, 247.
Van Cortlandt. Jacob, 698.
Stephen, 699.
Vander Donk. 708.
Vander Kemp, John J., 322.
Van Driessen's Patent. 342.
Van Home's Patent. 342, 343.
Van Kleek House, 275, 276.
Van Bensselaer, Killian, 156.
Patent, 603.
Robert, 316, 410, 417.
Stephen, 59, 157, 553.
Van Schaick, Col., 478.
Mvndert, 424.
Van Wart, Isaac, 700.
Varnish manufactory, 549.
Vaughan, Gen., 664.
Vaughan's Patent, 342, 343, 346, 348.
Verd Antique, 303.
Vermont controversy, 18.
militia at Pittsburgh, 234.
negotiations with the enemy, 300.
Sufferers' Tract, 224. 225.
Verplancks Point. 504, 569.
Veto power, 30, 31.
Vice manufactory, 286, 598.
Villages, officers of, 39.
Vineyards, 205, 628, 699.
Vlaie, Sacondaga, 314, 316, 318, 337.
Voters, by counties, 150.
16
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Vrooman's Land. 605.
Patent, 4S, 342, 343, 34S, 349, 601.
Wadsworth. James, 137. 3S2.
Walk-in-the-Water, Bteamer, 288.
Walloomsac Patent. 556, 686.
ffalloons. settlement of. 371, 437.
Walton's Patent, 52, 265, 342, 348.
Tract, 4S9.
Waiworth, Reuben II., 592.
■Wampum. 635.
Wards, date of formation, New York, 420.
Marls Island. 117. 419, 420. 427.
War of 1812-15 noticed. 45, 233, 353, 354,
355, 356, 35S. 306, 372, 373, 398, 399,
404, 437, 513. 520, 525, 555. 574, 579,
5S1. 583, 633, 639, 687, 690, 694.
Warren, Sir Peter. 315. 409, 419.
Wars, French, 801, 805, 460, 461, 4<'~. 503,
519, 533, 554, 556, 558, 5S6, 672, 685,
686.
Indian. 40S, 415. 416. 478, 493, 555, 556,
559.588,5'.'7. 500, "'.1,700.
Revolutionary. 164, ISO. 233, 242, 244.
299, 331. 334. 306. 371. 415. 416. 531,
437, 438'. 401. 407. 608, 504, 508, 519,
533, 535, 537. 538. 545. 548. 549. 550,
551. 554. 586, 587, 1 01, 004. 624, 633.
635. 636, 637. 638. 639. 64 2. 643, 646,
662, 663, 664, 668, C98, 699, 701, 702,
707, 708.
Washington College. 564.
Washington, General George, 273, 371, 467,
503. 504, 509. 536, 570, 699, 700.
inangurat 1. 438.
Wa-hington monument proposed. 423.
Water Cures, 180, 204, 220, 344, 3S5, 470,
- 408, 658.
Waterlime. 24. 26, 155, 197. 199. 204. 207,
279. 282, - 12, 805,820, 840,357, 874,
388, 390. 393, 394, 395, 454, 458, 469,
47:;. 482, 4*4. 485, 191, 497, .".12,514,
600, 613, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 666,
717.
Waterman's Society, 434.
Waterspouts, 352.
Waterworks 160. 284. 312. 362, 3G3, 369,
424. ! : . 561,697, 706.
Watidns A Flint. 219. 610, 055.
Watson's Tract, 342, 349, 375.
Wawayanda Patent, 503. 500, 5G8.
Wax, product by counties, 107.
Wayne, Anthony, 509.
Weavers, numlier by counties, 153.
Webb, General, the "coward, 461, 407, G72.
Webster, Bphralm, 479, 485, 4S9.
Weeds, noxious, 39.
Weights and measures. 38, 39, 427.
Welland Canal. 119. 520, 525.
Well, remarkable) 271.
Wells family murdered, 531.
Wells in N. Y., 41S, 424.
Welsh settlement. 466.
Wesleyan Methodists. 144.
W ' -1. rn House of Kefiige, 42, 404.
Inland Lock Navigation Co., 58, 346,
461, 466, 596.
West India Co.. 437.
West Patent, 702, 703.
W.st Point, 504.
Whalebone manufactory, 546.
Whale fisheries, 124, 247, 632,636,638,639.
Whales, drift. 124. 635.
Wharves, Now York. 422.
Wheat, statistics of. 101, 104.
Wheelbarrow manufactory, 482, 4S4, 665.
Wheeler, Silas, 629.
Whetstones, 223.
Whip manufactory. 286.
Whitehouse, Kev.'Dr.. 137.
White Lead manufactory, 286, 368, 5G3,
566, 660.
Whiting manufactory, 368.
Wilbur. Hervey B., 488.
Wilkinson. General, expedition of, 310, 354,
356, 357, 574.
Jemima, 718, 719, 720, 721.
Wilkins 1'oiut. 45.
Willet'a Patent, 345.
Willott, Colonel, 316, 411, 461, 607.
Williams College founded, 298.
Williams. David. 00.°,. 700.
Kphr.um, 298, 671.
Williamson, Charles, 384, 621, 622, G90,
692, 694.
Willis, N. P.. 652.
Will of Sir Wm. Johnson, 315.
Windmill, battle of, 575.
Windmills, 635, 636, 637, 640.
Window Shade manufactory, 368.
Wire manufactory, 699, 708.
Wolf, 580, 581.
bounty frauds, 308.
Woman's Hospital, 432.
Wooden Ware manufac, 573, 580, 581, 591.
Woodhull, General N., 371, 634.
Woodworth, Lieutenant Solomon, 345.
Woolen manufactory, 110, 166, 175, 194,
199, 200, 203, 206, 212, 216, 220. 221,
229, 244, 248, 255, 260 261, 263, 265,
270, 272, 283, 289, 291. 292, 293, 301,
332, 343, 344, 346. 356, 362, 379, 386,
390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 400, 401, 402,
400, 407, 411,412, 413, 410, 454, 463,
466, 468, 471, 4S5, 480, 487, 505, 510,
514, 522, 535, 554, 561, 569, 584, 593,
597, 610, 611, 617, 618, 636, 651, 655,
658, 662, 663, 668, 6S1, 682, 683, 685,
695, 703, 704, 713, 715.
Wool growing, 168, 178, 186, 198, 208, 218,
223, 2S0, 320, 395, 492, 498, 609, 620,
628, 688, 710.
Woolsey, Lieutenant 525.
Wooster, Ebenezer, 258.
Workhouses, 280, 398, 425, 426, 475.
Worth, General, monument to, 423.
Wreekmasters, 117, 544, 631.
Wright, Benjamin, 59, 70, 519.
Silas, 576. 685.
Wyandance, Montauk sachem, 633, 634,
638.
Wyoming massacre, 265, 410.
Yarn manufactory, 276, 346, 505, 569.
Yellow fever, 428.
Yeo, Sir James. 399, 525, 694.
Yorkshire, on Long Island, 365, 544, 545.
Young, Brigham, 495.
John, 326.
Samuel, 59, 137, 481.
Young Men's Association, 147, 161, 275,
287, 369.
Christian Association, 146.
Christian Union, 147, 287.
Young"s Patent, 342.
Zenger, Peter, trial of, 431.
Zinc ores, 26, 704.
Zinzendorf, Count, 274.
Zoological Garden, 423.
GAZETTEER
OF THE
STATE OF IEW YORK.
STATE BOUNDARIES.
The State of New York is situated between 40° 29 / 40" and
45° / 42" n. latitude, and between 71° 51' and 79° 47' 25"
longitude w. of Greenwich. It is bounded on the n. by
Canada, e. by Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, s. by
the ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and w. by Pennsyl-
vania and Canada.
The Northern Boundary, commencing in the middle of Lake
Ontario, n. of the mouth of Niagara River, extends eastward
through the lake, midway between the opposite shores, to its
E. extremity, thence north-easterly through the St. Lawrence
River to the 45th parallel of n. latitude, and thence easterly
in a gradually diverging line from the parallel, and terminating
upon Lake Champlain 4,200 feet n. of it.
The Eastern Boundary extends s. through Lake Champlain to its s. extremity, thence a short
distance s. e. along Poultney River, and thence in an irregular line, but in a generally southerly
direction, to Lyons Point, at the mouth of Byram River, on Long Island Sound. From this
point the line extends eastward through the Sound, very near the Connecticut shore, to the e.
extremity of Long Island, including within the limits of the State nearly all the islands in the
Sound.
The Southern Boundary extends from the e. extremity of Long Island along the ocean to the
s. w. extremity of Staten Island, thence northward through the channel between Staten Island
and New Jersey and through New York Bay and the Hudson to the 41st parallel of n. latitude,
thence north-westerly to a point upon the Delaware at latitude 41° 20 / s., thence north-westerly
along Delaware River to latitude 42° n., and thence w. along the 42d parallel to a meridian passing
through the w. extremity of Lake Ontario.
The Western Boundary, commencing upon the 42d parallel, extends N. to the middle of Lake
Erie, thence eastward to the e. extremity of the lake, and thence n. through Niagara River and
to the middle of Lake Ontario. 1
1 The boundary through Lake Ontario is 175 mi.; through the
St. Lawrence, 108 mi. ; along the Canada frontier, E. of the St.
Lawrence, 62.75 mi.; through Lake Champlain, 105 mi.; along
Poultney River, 17.25 mi.; the Vt. line, 8. of that river, 54.06
mi.; the Mass. line, 50.52 mi. ; the Conn, line, to Lyons Point,
on Long Island Sound, 81.20 mi.; through the Sound, 96 mi. ;
along the ocean to the N. J. shore, 150 mi. ; through the Bay and
Hudson River, to latitude 41° n., 44 mi. ; along the N. J. line,
w. of the Hudson, 48.50 mi. ; through Delaware River, 78 mi. ;
along the Penn. line, on latitude 42°, 225.50 mi. ; on the me-
ridian to Lake Erie, 18.75 mi., and upon the meridian in Lake
Erie, 22 mi. ; through Lake Erie to Buffalo, 50 mi. ; and through
Niagara River, 34 mi.
II
18
NEW YORK GAZETTEER.
The boundaries of the State have been settled from time to time by commissioners appointed
by the several governments whose territories are contiguous. In several instances long and
angry controversies have occurred, which have extended through many years and almost led to
civil war. The boundaries are all now definitely fixed, except that of Conn., respecting which a
controversy is now pending. 1
1 Canada Boundary. — By royal proclamation, issued in Oct.
1768, the line of 45° .v. was fixed as the boundary between the
provinces of Quebec ami New York, and this was confirmed in
council. August 12, 176S. The line was surveyed by Valentine
and Collins. Octol>er 20. 1774. By the treaty "of 17s3 the 46th
parallel was recognized as the ST. boundary of the State from
Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence. By the treaty of Ghent
tli'' same line was recognized as the boundary, and provisions
were made for a re-survey. In 1818-19. Gov. Van Ness and Peter
B. Porter on the part of "the U. S., and John Ogilvie on the part
of Great Britain, ran the line with great care; and it was found
that the old line coincided with the parallel only at St. Begis,
and that from that point r. it diverged, until at Lake Cham-
plain it was 4.200 feet too far x. The deepest channel of the
Si. Lawrence was not always adopt' d. as a mutual exchange of
islands was made satisfactory to both parties. Before the N.
line was re-surveyed, in 181*, tie- l*. S. Government had com-
menced the erection of a fortress at Bouses Point, on Lake
Champlain : and this was found to be within the British terri-
tory. By the treaty of August 9, 1S42, the old line of Valentine
and Collins was restored, and the strip of territory before taken
off again came under the jurisdiction of the U. S. The com-
missioners to ruu the line under the treaty of 1842 were Albert
Smith on the part of the United States, and J. B. B. Estcourt
on the part of .Great Britain.
Vermont Boundary. — The territory of Vermont was originally
claimed by both New York and New Hampshire, and conflicting
grants were made by the two governments. Most of the actual
settlers holding title under N. II. resisted the claims of N. Y.,
and many actual collisions occurred. Jan. 15, 1777, the settlers
:-d themselves independent, and laid claim to the territory
w. to the Hudson. N. of Lansinghurgh. and along the w. shore
yf Lake Champlain. By an act of Congress passed Aug. 20, 1781,
they were required to recede from this claim. A final agree-
iit. red into between Yt. and N. Y., Oct. 7, 1790, by
which N. Y. surrendered all her claim to jurisdiction to the
rritory of Yt., and Yt. paid $30,000 to certain persons
who had been deprived of lands granted by N. Y\ The boundary
line was run by Robert Yates, Bobert B. Livingston, John Lan-
r.. Gillian C. Verplanck, Simeon De Witt, Egbert Benson,
M'i Sill, and Melancthon Smith on the part of N. Y., and
I'' henor, Stephen B. Bradley, Nathaniel Chipman, Elijah
Paine. Ira Allen, Stephen, Jacob, and Israel Smith on the part
Of Vt. The final line was established June 8, 1812.
a wMt Boundary. — The charter of Massachusetts em-
la i I the territory between 44° and 48° n. latitude " through-
"Ut ill- Uaine landl from sea to sea." Grants made under Ibis
authority conflicted with those of N. Y., and angry controversies
1. which in c"l,,ni:i| times often resulted in violence and
bloodshed. <>n the l s th "f May. 1783, an agreement was en-
tered Into between John Watts. Wm. smith, Robert B. Livings-
ad Wm. Ni'oll, commissioners on the part of N. Y., and
Wm. Brattle, Joseph Bawley, and John Hancock, on thatol
Mass.: but the Revolution soon followed, and the line was never
run. Commissioners appointed by both States in 17 s :; failed
to egret ; and December -. 1785, Congress nppolnted Thomas
ii i David Rittenhouae commissioners
to run the line and fin. ill', i ad the controv er sy. The clali
Mass. to the land* westward were finally settled at Hartford,
- D . 16, 1786, by James Duane, Robert R. Livis
t Yates, John Baring, Melancthon smith, and i
mmlsslonon on the pari "t v v . and John Lowell,
. iiv'in. Tie 'I'liiiiH Parsons, ami Boras King, on the
part of Mom. By this agreement Mass, surrendered tin
reignty of the whole disputed t' rritory to n. Y„ and ret eived in
return ib- right of -il and pre-emptive rlghl of Indian pm>
rh»j»e w. of n meridian passing through the B2d milestone "f the
Perm, line, -in- a] on N lagai i River.
Th» ' t known »< "The Boston T< n Towns,* 1 lying a.
of tli ■:. previou I by Ma--., was .il n-
firmed, Nantucki t. Martha* vin. \ 1 1. and the H'lj.i. .-nt Islands,
wer»> purchased fr"m the Bar) of Sterling by the Duke of York.
and civil i--l "\>r them, andei the name
of •■ /)>ti;.< Cbwity," by the govsruoi • . until it «
by theproi Incial chart) r of 1603. •■ Pemaqnid
and it« depend) inpri»ine a considerable part of the
, was also bought from thi
rued by N. Y.. as "Clswaaifl Cbuwrs/," until 1686, when it
vhs baMfemd f" Mass. Boston Corner, a small arable tract in
the town of Mount Washington, separated by a rugged mountain
from the convenient jurisdiction of Mass. was surrendered by
thai State May 14, 1853, accepted by N. Y r . July 21, 1S53, and
the transfer was confirmed by Congress, Jan. 3, 1855. Bussell
Dorr was appointed on the part of N. Y., and John Z. Goodrich
by Massachusetts, to run and mark the line.
Connecticut Boundary. — By the charter of 1662 the territory
of Conn, extended to the " South Sea;" and by patent granted
in 1004 the territory of the Duke of York was bounded E. by
Connecticut River. Commissioners sent over in 1664 settled
upon a line 20 mi. E. of the Hudson as the boundary, fixing the
starting point on Mamaroncck River. The decision proving
grossly erroneous, the controversy was renewed, and in 1683
another commissioner was appointed to settle the matter. It
was finally agreed to allow Conn, to extend her boundaries W.
along the Sound, and N. Y. to receive a compensation in the n.;
and the line was definitely established May. 1731. By this agree-
ment a tract called the " Oblong," containing 61,440 acres, along
the N. part of the w. border of Conn., was surrendered to N. Y.
The exact line of Conn, has to the present day been a subject of
controversy, and in 1856 commissioners were appointed by each
State to effect a settlement, but without success. N. Y T . owns all
the islands in the Sound to within a few rods of the Conn, shore.
New Jersey Boundary. — The original patent of New Jersey
was bounded x. by a line running directly from a point on the
Delaware, latitude 41° 40', to a point on the Hudson, latitude
41°, and E. by Hudson River. The N. line was run and marked in
1774, and the E. was claimed by N. Y*. as extending only to low-
wafer mark on the adjacent waters. N. J. claimed "full right
and lawful authority to exercise jurisdiction in and over the said
Hudson River and the said main sea," including Staten Island,
and, by an act of Nov. 2, 1806, appointed Aaron Ogden, Wm. S.
Pennington, James Parker, Lewis Condict, and Alexander C.
MeWhorter commissioners to settle her claims. The New York
Legislature, on the 3d of April, appointed Ezra L'Hommedieu,
Samuel Jones, Egbert Benson, Simeon Dc Witt, and Joseph C.
Y'ates to meet the commissioners of N. J.; but their interviews
led to no result. The question of jurisdiction was finally settled
in 1833, by an agreement between Beuj. F. Butler, Peter A. Gay,
and Henry Seymour on the part of N. Y., and Theodore Freling-
huysen, James Parker, and Lucius Q. C. Elmer on the part of
N. J. ; confirmed by N. Y. Feb. 5, by N. J. Feb. 26, and by Con-
gress June 28, 1834. The right of each State to land under water
and to fisheries extends to the center of the channel. The State
of N. Y. has sole jurisdiction over all the waters of the bay and
of the river w. of New York City to low-water mark on the
Jersey shore, except to wharves and vessels attached thereto.
This jurisdiction covers the waters of Kil Van Hull and of
Staten Island Sound to Woodbridgc Creek, as for quarantine
purposes. South of this, N. J. has exclusive jurisdiction over
lie waters of the Sound and of Baritan Bay westward of a lino
from Princes Bay Light to Manhattan Creek, subject to right
of properly in lands under water, of wharves, docks, and ves-
n I- aground or fastened t.> any wharf or dock, and the right of
Ashing t" the center of the channi i.
Civil process in each State may be executed upon the waters
of the river and bay, except <>n board of vessels aground or at-
tached to wharves in the other State, or unless the person or
property be under arrest or seizure by virtue of authority "f
tl ther State. By the late survey of N. J. the point of de-
parture Of the boundary from the Delaware is 11° 20'.
Pennsylvania Boundaries. — The original boundary line be-
tween New York ami Pennsylvania extended from the n. w.
comer of New Jersey alone the center of Delaware River to
42° R. latitude, mill Ufenoe dm- w. to bake Erie. Samuel Hol-
land mi the psil of N. Y.. and David Kittenhousc on the part
of I'enn.. ware appointed commissioners, Nov. 8, 1774, to run
tlii-. boundarj ; but tie Revolution soon after commenced, and
nothing whs done, in 1789-88 the line was run w. to the 90th
milestone, and the survej was certified Oct. 12, 1786, by James
i biiton and Simeon De \\itt. of N. Y., and Andrew Elliott, of
I', im. By authority ol the State Legislature, the N. Y. delegates
in Congress, March 1, 17M, released to the General Government
nil the lands t" whif Ii they had claim w. of a meridian extend-
ing through the w. extremity of Lake Ontario. The trian-
gular trad so surrendered was sold to Pcnn. for $151,640, and
Secured to thai State 80 mi, of lake coast and an excellent
harbor. The lino was run by the V. S. Surveyor General In
17----9.
TOPOGRAPHY.
Surface. — This State lies upon that portion of the Appalachian Mountain system where the
mountains generally assume the character of hills and finally sink to a level of the lowlands that
surround the great depression filled by Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Three distinct
mountain masses or ranges enter the State from the s. and extend across it in a general N. e. direc-
tion. The first or most easterly of these ranges — a continuation of the Blue Ridge of Va. — enters
the State from N. J. and extends n. e. through Rockland and Orange cos. to the Hudson, appears
on the e. side of that river, and forms the highlands of Putnam and Dutchess cos. A northerly
extension of the same range passes into the Green Mts. of Western Mass. and Vt. This range
culminates in the Highlands upon the Hudson. The highest peaks are 1,000 to 1,700 feet above
tide. The rocks which compose these mountains are principally primitive or igneous, and the
mountains themselves are rough, rocky, and precipitous, and unfit for cultivation. The deep
gorge formed by the Hudson in passing through this range presents some of the finest scenery in
America, and has often been compared to the celebrated valley of the Rhine.
The second series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends n. e. through Sullivan,
Ulster, and Greene cos., terminating and culminating in the Catskill Mts. upon the Hudson.
The highest peaks are 3,000 to 3,800 feet above tide. The Shawangunk Mts., a high and con-
tinuous ridge extending between Sullivan and Orange cos. and into the s. part of Ulster, is the
extreme e. range of this series. The Helderbergh and Hellibark Mts. are spurs extending n.
from the main range into Albany and Schoharie cos. This whole mountain system is principally
composed of the rocks of the New York system above the Medina sandstone. The summits are
generally crowned with old red sandstone and with the conglomerate of the coal measures. The
declivities are steep and rocky; and a large share of the surface is too rough for cultivation. The
highest peaks overlook the Hudson, and from their summits are obtained some of the finest views
in Eastern New York.
The third series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends n. e. through Broome,
Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Montgomery, and Herkimer cos. to the Mohawk, appears upon the
N. side of that river, and extends n. e., forming the whole series of highlands that occupy the n. e.
part of the State and generally known as the Adirondack Mountain region. South of the Mohawk
this mountain system assumes the form of broad, irregular hills, occupying a wide space of country.
It is broken by the deep ravines of the streams, and in many places the hills are steep and nearly
precipitous. The valley of the Mohawk breaks the continuity of the range, though the connec-
tion is easily traced at Little Falls, The Noses, and other places. North of the Mohawk the high-
lands extend n. e. in several distinct ranges, all terminating upon Lake Champlain. The cul-
minating point of the whole system, and the highest mountain in the State, is Mt. Marcy, 5,467
feet above tide. The rocks of all this region are principally of igneous origin, and the mountains
are usually wild, rugged, and rocky. A large share of the surface is entirely unfit for cultiva-
tion ; but the region is rich in minerals, and especially in an excellent variety of iron ore. West
of these ranges, series of hills forming spurs of the Alleganies enter the State from Penn. and
occupy the entire s. half of the w. part of the State. An irregular line extending through the
southerly counties forms the watershed that separates the northern and southern drainage ; and
from it the surface gradually declines northward until it finally terminates in the level of Lake
Ontario. 1 The portion of the State lying s. of this watershed and occupying the greater part of
Of Heights of
1 TABLE
the Principal Summits in the State.
NAME OF MO0NT.
LOCATION.
FEET.
NAME OF MOUNT.
LOCATION.
FEET.
t< a
5,467
5,200
6,183
5,000
5,000
4,900
4,900
4,500
4,500
5,100
4,000
3,000
3,804
3,718
3,000
3,400
2.400
1,980
1,700
1,743
1,685
1,471
1,586
1,228
1,529
1,418
1,350
1,187
u u
Sullivan "
" Nipple Top
tt u
Walnut Hill
a a
tt a
it it
" White Face
u u
" Taylor
u tt
Bull Hill
u it
it tt
it k
High Peak
it tt
it it
a tt
19
20
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
the two southerly tiers of counties is entirely occupied by these hills. Along the Penn. line they
are usually abrupt and are separated by narrow ravines, but toward the n. their summits become
broader and less broken. A considerable portion of the highland region is too steep for profitable
cultivation and is best adapted to grazing. The highest summits in Allegany and Cattaraugus
cos. are 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide.
From the summits of the watershed the highlands usually descend toward Lake Ontario in
series of terraces, the edges of which are the outcrops of the different rocks which underlie the
surface. These terraces are usually smooth, and, although inclined toward the N., the inclination
is generally so slight that they appear to be level. Between the hills of the s. and the level land
of the ». is a beautiful rolling region, the ridges gradually declining toward the N. Inthatpart
of the State s. of the most eastern mountain range the surface is generally level or broken by low
hills. In New York and Westchester cos. these hills are principally composed of primitive rocks.
The surface of Long Island is generally level or gently undulating. A ridge 150 to 200 feet high,
composed of sand, gravel, and clay, extends e. and w. across the island n. of the center.
Rivers and Lakes. — The river system of the State has two general divisions, — the first
comprising the streams tributary to the great lakes and the St. Lawrence, and the second those
which flow in a general southerly direction. The watershed which separates these two systems
extends in an irregular line eastward from Lake Erie through the southern tier of counties to near
the n.e. corner of Chemung: thence it turns N. e. to the Adirondack Mts. in Essex co., thence
s. E. to the e. extremity of Lake George, and thence nearly due e. to the e. line of the State. 1
The northerly division has 5 general subdivisions. The most westerly of these comprises all
the streams flowing into Lake Erie and Niagara River and those flowing into Lake Ontario w. of
Genesee River. In Chautauque co. the streams are short and rapid, as the watershed approaches
within a few mi. of Lake Erie. Cattaraugus, Buffalo, Tonawanda, and Oak Orchard Creeks are
the most important streams in this division. Buffalo Creek is chiefly noted for forming Buffalo
Harbor at its mouth; and the Tonawanda for 12 miles from its mouth is used for canal navi-
gation. Oak Orchard and other creeks flowing into Lake Ontario descend from the interior in a
series of rapids, affording a large amount of water-power.
The second subdivision comprises the Genesee River and its tributaries. The Genesee rises
in the x. part of Penn. and flows in a generally northerly direction to Lake Ontario. Its upper
course is through a narrow valley bordered by steep, rocky hills. Upon the line of "Wyoming and
Livingston cos. it breaks through a mountain barrier in a deep gorge and forms the Portage Falls,
— one of the finest waterfalls in the State. Below this point the course of the river is through a
utiful valley 1 to 2 mi. wide and bordered by banks 50 to 150 ft. high. At Rochester it flows
over the precipitous edges of the Niagara limestone, forming the Upper Genesee Falls ; and 3 mi.
below it flows over the edge of the Medina sandstone, forming the Lower Genesee Falls. The
principal tributaries of this stream are Canaseraga, Honeoye, and Conesus Creeks from the e., and
tka and Black Creeks from the w. Honeoye, Canadice, Hemlock, and Conesus Lakes lie within
the G • Basin.
The third subdivision includes the Oswego River and its tributaries and the small streams flow-
ing into Lake Ontario between Genesee and Oswego Rivers. The basin of the Oswego includes
most of the inland lake-; which form a peculiar feature of the landscape in the interior of the State.
The principal of the«e lakes ar<- Cayuga, Seneca, Canandaigua, Skaneateles, Crooked, and Owasco, —
all occupying Ion?, narrow valleys, and extending from the level land in the center far into the
highland region of the s. The valleys which they occupy appear like immense ravines formed by
some tremendous force, which has torn the solid rocks from their original beds, from the general
level of the surrounding summits, down to the present bottoms of the lakes. 2 Oneida and Onondaga
> TABL1
■\t \etghi abort ttdt of thr pair's hrlirrrn thr. principal rirfr basins of the Stain.
BIT' AT
feet.
BETWEEN"
AT
FEF.T.
657
900
427'
:.!■,:
1.1.7
1.247
Sosquehanna River and Cayuga Lake
" " Seneca Lake.
" " " Genesee Itiv..
M P.ivor and Allegany River....
Ithaca Summit...
969,
--!
1,780
1,699
1,614
536
1,120
l.li.Ml
" pp|«w.>' irllle
u u u Neverrink Hirer.... Wnwarsing..
Alfred Summit...
Delaware P.;' inni J'.iv .mmit .
Little Vol. Sum...
Mohawk HiTi-r aii'l Lake Ontario
" " " Black River
Lake Cbamplain and St. Lawrence...
a •• '• Oneida l,ikr- Tullv
ChateangnvSum.
The m""t remarkable passes through the mountain* are. first. [ * The ravines of these lakes, and the streams which flow down
that of the Hnda tern mountains; second, [ parallel U< th«-m. are usually bordered by steep hillsides, the
that of Wc.-i Creek, from too Bodaoo t.. Lake f'bnmpl.iin ; and, strata of which lie in parallel layers nearly level E. and w., and
third, that of the Mohiwk, through the central mountains. slightly inclined toward the 8. Upon the opposite banks the
TOPOGRAPHY.
21
Lakes occupy basins upon the level land in the n. e. part of the Oswego Basin. Mud Creek, the
most westerly branch of Oswego River, takes its rise in Ontario co., flows n. e. into Wayne, where
it unites with Canandaigua Outlet and takes the name of Clyde River; thence it flows e. to the
W. line of Cayuga co., where it empties into Seneca River. This latter stream, made up of the
outlets of Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, from this point flows in a n. e. course, and receives success-
ively the outlets of Owasco, Skaneateles, Onondaga, and Oneida Lakes. From the mouth of the
last-named stream it takes the name Oswego River, and its course is nearly due n. to Lake Ontario.
The fourth subdivision includes the streams flowing into Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence E. of
the mouth of the Oswego. The principal of these are Salmon, Black, Oswegatchie, Grasse, and
Racket Rivers. These streams mostly take their rise upon the plateau of the great Northern
wilderness, and in their course to the lowlands are frequently interrupted by falls, furnishing an
abundance of water-power. The water is usually very dark, being colored with iron and the
vegetation of swamps.
The fifth subdivision includes all the streams flowing into Lakes George and Champlain. They
are mostly mountain torrents, frequently interrupted by cascades. The principal streams are the
Chazy, Saranac, and Au Sable Rivers, and Wood Creek. Deep strata of tertiary clay extend along
the shores of Lake Champlain and Wood Creek. The water of most of the streams in this region
is colored by the iron over which it flows.
The second general division of the river-system of the State includes the basins of the Allegany,
Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson. The Allegany Basin embraces the southerly half of Chau-
tauqua and Cattaraugus cos. and the s. w. corner of Allegany. The Allegany River enters the
State from the s. in the s. E. corner of Cattaraugus co., flows in nearly a semicircle, with its out-
ward curve toward the n., and flows out of the State in the s. w. part of the same co. It receives
several tributaries from the N. and e. These streams mostly flow in deep ravines bordered by
steep, rocky hillsides. The watershed between this basin and Lake Erie approaches within a few
miles of the lake, and is elevated 800 to 1,000 feet above it.
The Susquehanna Basin occupies about one-third of the s. border of the State. The river takes
its rise in Otsego Lake, and, flowing s. w. to the Penn. line, receives Charlotte River from the s.
and the Unadilla from the n. After a course of a few miles in Penn. it again enters the State, and
flows in a general westerly direction to near the w. border of Tioga co., whence it turns s. and
again enters Penn. Its principal tributary from the n. is Chenango River. Tioga River enters
the State from Penn. near the e. border of Steuben co., flows n., receives the Canisteo from the w.
and the Conhocton from the n. From the mouth of the latter the stream takes the name Chemuno-
River, and flows in a s. e. direction, into the Susquehanna in Penn., a few miles s. of the State
line. The upper course of these streams is generally through deep ravines bordered by steep
hillsides; but below they are bordered by wide and beautiful intervales.
The Delaware Basin occupies Delaware and Sullivan and portions of several of the adjacent cos.
The n. or principal branch of the river rises in the n.e. part of Delaware co. and flows s. w. to
near the Penn. line; thence it turns s. e. and forms the boundary of the State to the line of N. J.
Its principal branches are the Pepacton and Neversink Rivers. These streams all flow in deep,
narrow ravines bordered by steep, rocky hills.
The Basin of the Hudson occupies about two-thirds of the e. border of the State, and a large
territory extending into the interior. The remote sources of the Hudson are among the highest
peaks of the Adirondacks, more than 4,000 feet above tide. Several of the little lakes which form
reservoirs of the Upper Hudson are 2,500 to 3,000 feet above tide. The stream rapidly descends
through the narrow defiles into Warren co., where it receives from the e. the outlet of Schroon
Lake, and Sacondaga River from the w. Below the mouth of the latter the river turns eastward,
and breaks through the barrier of the Luzerne Mts. in a series of rapids and falls. At Fort Ed-
ward it again turns s. and flows with a rapid current, frequently interrupted by falls, to Troy,
160 miles from the ocean. At this place the river falls into an estuary, where its current is
affected by the tide; and from this place to its mouth it is a broad, deep, sluggish stream. About
60 miles from its mouth the Hudson breaks through the rocky barrier of The Highlands, form-
ing the most easterly of the Appalachian Mt. Ranges ; and along its lower course it is bordered on
the w. by a nearly perpendicular wall of basaltic rock 300 to 500 feet high, known as "The Pal-
isades." Above Troy the Hudson receives Hoosick River from the e. and the Mohawk from the
w. The former stream rises in Western Mass. and Vt., and the latter near the center of the State.
dissevered edges of the strata exactly correspond, showing that
the intermediate portion? have heen torn away. The force that
effected these immense changes was probably great currents of
water from the N., — the direction being determined by the cha-
racter of the boulders upon the hills, and by the peculiar nature
of the drift deposits.
22
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
At Little Falls and "The Noses" the Mohawk breaks through mountain barriers in a deep, rocky
ravine; and at Cohoes, about 1 mile from its mouth, it flows down a perpendicular precipice of 70
feet, forming an excellent water-power. Below Troy the tributaries of the Hudson are all com-
paratively small streams. South of the Highlands the river spreads out into a wide expanse known
as " Tappan Bay." A few small streams upon the extreme e. border of the State flow eastward
into the Hoosatonia ; and several small branches of Passaic River rise in the s. part of Rockland co.
Lake Erie forms a portion of the w. boundary of the State. It is 240 miles long, with an average
width of 38 miles, and it lies mostly w. of the bounds of the State. It is 334 feet above Lake On-
tario, 565 feet above tide, and has an average depth of 120 feet. The greatest depth ever obtained
by soundings is 270 feet. The harbors upon the lake are Buffalo, Silver Creek, Dunkirk, and
Barcelona,
Niagara River, forming the outlet of Lake Erie, is 34 miles long, and, on an average, more
than a mile wide. 1 About 20 miles below Lake Erie the rapids commence ; and 2 miles further
below are Niagara Falls. 2 For 7 miles below the falls the river has a rapid course between
perpendicular, rocky banks, 200 to 300 feet high; but below it emerges from the Highlands and
flows 7 miles to Lake Ontario in a broad, deep, and majestic current.
Lake Ontario forms a part of the x. boundary to the w. half of the State. Its greatest length is
130 miles and its greatest width 55 miles. It is 232 feet above tide, and its greatest depth is 600
feet. Its principal harbors on the American shore are Lewiston, Youngston, Port Genesee, Sodus
and Little Sodus Bays, Oswego, Sackets Harbor, and Cape Vincent. St. Lawrence River forms
the outlet of the lake and the x. boundary of the State to the e. line of St. Lawrence co. It is a
broad, deep river, flowing with a strong yet sluggish current until it passes the limits of this
State. In the upper part of its course it incloses a great number of small islands, known as
"The Thousand Islands." 3
The surfaces of the great lakes are subject to variations of level, — probably due to prevailing
winds, unequal amounts of rain, and evaporation. The greatest difference known in Lake Erie is
7 feet, and in Lake Ontario 4| feet. The time of these variations is irregular; and the interval
between the extremes often extends through several years. A sudden rise and fall, of several
fr-'-r. lias been noticed upon Lake Ontario at rare intervals, produced by some unknown cause.
Navigable Waters. — The natural internal navigation of the State is very extensive.
Before the commencement of internal improvements, the rivers and lakes formed the most easy
means of communication between distant portions of the State; and along these natural channels
of commerce the early settlements were principally made. 4 The most important lines of early
l TABLE
Of the heights aixire tide of the principal lakes in the State.
HAKE Or LAKE.
LOCATION.
FEET.
2,900
•J.-.M
1.9.". 6
1,826
' r 1.7 '.•!
1.77'-.
1,746
1.704
1,698
1,665
I.e.).'.
1..-.7.1
1,670
1....7
1,545
l.. U
i. _■;
1,600
1,291
1,200
1.200
POO
860
718
..To
668
117
252
93
U it
U «
" B indf ird.
« u
" K'kf -
Full.
Rack- • l
i( u
U it
:
it c<
»
Fulton Lakes, (3. 4, and 5)..
Herkimer ,l
..
Franklin
..
Men "
Kawx
Franklin '•
Hamilton "
'.It '•
Otsego "
to a
Cro... "
Owasco "
Canandiigua " -
Seneca " -...
Madivn "
"
Cavnga "
" Ontario
8 For a more full description of Niagara Falls, see page 450.
8 The river scenery upon the St. Lawrence is unsurpassed. The
water is perfectly pure and nearly transparent. In consequence
of its being fed by the great lake reservoirs, it is never subject
to sudden rises, but steadily pursues its majestic way to the
ocean, unaffected by tho changes of the seasons or other causes.
4 The navigable waters N. of the great watershed before tho
completion of the F.ri'' Canal wore :n f.ll.nts; —
Cattaraugus Creek, about 1 mi. from its mouth.
Buffalo Orer.k; 1 table 8 mi. from Lake Krio.
Trmawanda Creek, boatable 30 mi. from its mouth.
Niagara Ifiver, navigable for vessels, of any size from BnfTalo to
S-hlii^-iT, at the head of tin- Rapids, — a distance of 22 mi.;
also from Lewis Ion to Lake Ontario, a distance of 7 mi.
(till- Hi- I, ml ' 7-i. /.. I H .at able 4 mi from its mouth,
Genesee River, to Carthage Landing, a distance of 5 mi.; and
from Rochester to Mt. Morris for bivits.
Ofu'ii/i/ h'inr was navigated with ureal difficulty by bateaux,
with a portage at Oswego Palls, oov» Fulton.
Oneida Outhi mni l.r r were navigable for bateaux, and for
many years constituted e portion of the great thoroughfare
between the e. and w.
- i • Kirrr was turntable to Cayuga Lake, and to Seneca Lake
with on,. jM.rtago at Seneca Falls; Clyde River was boatable
to Lyons.
The InUrinr Lakes, including Seneca, Cayuga, Cananditigun,
Onondaga, Owasco, Bkaneateles, Crooked, Chantauqoa, and
i, are all navigable. Steamers have plied upon each
of tlnm.
Fish Crrrk was navigable to Rome with canoes. A portage of
lest than 1 mi. Intervened between this stream and the Mo-
hawk River.
Salmon River ma navigable to Port Ontario.
Salmon Orttk ami navigable on each brunch, for small vessels,
al-nit 1 mi. from the lake.
Black Utter mu navigable for large vessels from the lake to
r. a di-t ■■in •■■ of r. mi., and for boats and small steamers
from Carthage to Lyons Falls, a distance of 43 mi.
Lake Ontario, with all its bays aud inlets, is navigable for ves-
sels of all sizes.
TOPOGRAPHY.
23
inland navigation were, first, n. from Albany, through the Hudson to Fort Edward, thence a
portage to Fort Ann, and thence by Wood Creek to Lake Champlain ; and, second, w. from Albany,
by way of the Mohawk, Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, and Oswego River, to Lake Ontario. Upon the
latter route were portages at several of the rifts of the Mohawk, from the Mohawk to Wood Creek,
and at Oswego Falls.
Tides. — The tides at New York Harbor and along the coast have been carefully observed,
under the direction of the Coast Survey. The tidal wave from the Sound, as it moves forward
in a wedge-shaped channel, becomes augmented, whilst that from Sandy Hook is slightly dimin-
ished. These two waves meet in East River, at points between Hell Gate and Throggs Neck. 1
Cranberry and French Creeks were boatable about 2 mi. from
their mouths.
Indian River and Black Lake were navigable from Rossie to the
foot of the lake.
Oswegatchie River is navigable in high water for rafts from Ox
Bow to Ogdensburgh.
Racket River was formerly boatable about 18 mi. from its mouth,
but the navigation is now destroyed by dams. In the wil-
derness near the headwaters of this river are several miles
of slack water navigation.
St. Regis River is navigable for steamboats 2 mi. from its mouth.
Salmon River, navigable to Fort Covington.
St. Lawrence River is navigable for vessels of any size from the
lake to Ogdensburgh. Below that point rafts, arks, and
boats could descend, but could ascend only by towing with
horses and cattle up the principal rifts. Locks and canals
have been constructed around the Rapids by the Canadian
Government, so that the navigation for steamboats, sloops,
and schooners is now uninterrupted from Lake Ontario to
the ocean.
Wood Creek was boatable from Fort Ann to Lake Champlain.
Lake George is navigable for boats and steamers.
Lake Cfiampla.in is navigable for all kinds of vessels. Rafts were
formerly sent down to the St. Lawrence ; but vessels could
not ascend the Richlieu until after the construction of a
canal and locks around the Rapids.
Chazy River is navigable to Champlain Landing.
The navigable waters s. of the great watershed were as follows :
Allegany River, in high water, is navigable for small steamers
up to Olean.
Connewango Creek and several of its tributaries are navigable for
rafts in high water.
Susquehanna River was navigable for boats, in high water, to
Otsego Lake.
1 TIDE
The following table, prepared by A. D. Bache, Superintendent
Hudson. The time is that after the last preceding transit of the
is mean low tide.
Unadilla River was also boatable for a considerable distance.
Cltenango River and several of its tributaries were boatable in
high water.
Chemung River was boatable and navigable for rafts in high
water.
Ctmhocton River was boatable to Bath.
Tioga River and the Canisteo were also boatable a considerable
distance.
Delaware River is navigable for rafts in high water. Immense
quantities of lumber have been floated down the Delaware
and Susquehanna to the markets of Philadelphia and Balti-
more.
Hudson River is navigable for ships to Hudson, and by sloops
and steamers to Troy. Boats formerly ascended to Fort Ed-
ward, with portages around the Falls.
Rondout and Wappinger Creeks are navigable each about 2 mi.
from their mouths.
Mohawk River was boatable from Schenectady to "Fort Stan-
mix," now Rome, with several interruptions. The principal
obstructions were the '■ Six Flats Rift," 6 mi. above Sche-
nectady; "Fort Hunter Rift;" "Caughnawaga Rift," at
Canajoharie; "Ehles Rift," near Fort Plain; " Kneisherns
Rift," near the Upper Indian Castle ; and the " Little Falls,"
which was a complete bar to upward navigation and re-
quired a portage around it.
Sacondaga River is navigable for small steamers from Hadley
to Northampton, — a distance of 20 mi. In and around New
York and Long Island the bays, creeks, and inlets are nearly
all navigable in high tide.
Peconic River is navigable to Riverho^d.
Byram River is navigable to Port Chester.
Bronx River is navigable to West Farms, a distance of 3 mi.
Harlem River can be navigated by small craft from East River
to High Bridge.
TABLES.
of the Coast Survey, shows the progress of the tidal wave up the
moon across the meridian at Sandy Hook. The plane of reference
Time after last preceding transit at S. H.
Rise of highest tide above plane of reference.
Fall of lowest tide below " " '
Fall of mean low water of spring tides below
plane of reference
Height of mean low water of neap tides
above plane of reference
Mean rise and fall of tides
" " " " " spring tides
" " " " " neap tides
Mean duration, reckoning from f of rise.,
the middle of one stand ■< of fall.,
to the middle of the next, (of stand.
o
*
to
5
1
d
s
&
X 3
S
s>
C«
.S~
Bs
«
•*;
v
A
■f
1
to3
H. M.
©
.Is S
H. M.
I
H. M.
a
©
K
i
53
1
E
E
to
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
7.29
8.14
9.24
10.10
11.5
13.0
13.50
15.41
16.54
17.45
7.1 ft.
6.1 ft.
5.0 ft.
4.7 ft.
4.9 ft.
5.6 ft.
6.4 ft.
6.0 ft.
4.9 ft.
6.4 ft.
1.4
2.2
0.9
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.6
0.8
1.7
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
4.8
4.3
3.59
3.12
2.71
3.24
3.95
3.67
2.66
2.46
5.6
5.1
4.5
3.8
3.4
4.0
4.8
4.3
3.3
3.2
4.0
3.4
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
3.0
2.8
1.8
1.1
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
H. M.
6.10
6.0
6.5
5.25
5.28
5.41
5.40
5.18
5.1
4.26
6.15
6.25
6.18
7.12
7.10
6.44
6.54
7.02
7.23
8.4
0.21
0.28
Tide table for Vie shores of Long Island and adjacent places in New York. Time after moon's transit andplane of reference as above.
o
a
B
i
"a
to .
s s
S3
Si
e
00
*2J
1
1
00
£
H. M.
11.20
0.39
9.2 ft.
6.1
7.3
H. M.
5.50
6.33
0.43
H. M.
8.20
1.11
2.4 ft.
1.8
1.9
H. M.
6.7
6.7
0.31
H. M.
9.38
1.7
2.3 ft.
2.9
2.5
H. M.
6.1
6.21
0.37
H. M.
11.7
0.51
9.2 ft.
5.4
7.3
H. M.
6.8
6.24
H. M.
11.13
0.31
8.9 ft.
6.4
7.7
H. M.
5.55
6.30
0.14
H. M.
11.22
0.32
8.6 ft.
6.6
7.6
H. M.
5.51
6.35
0.12
transit and time of high water. \ Diff. between greatest and least interval.
(Flood tide
(Stand
Report of Coast Survey, 1856, p. 122.
GEOLOGY.
Ocr knowledge of the geology of the State is derived from the survey made under State authority
from 1836 to 1843, and from the investigations of several eminent geologists who have examined
particular localities. 1
Rocks. — The geological formations of the State include the igneous or primary rocks, and all
the strata lying between them and the coal measures of Penn. The classification adopted by the
State geologists, embracing all the rocks above the primary, is known as the " New York system,"
the rocks being identical with the Silurian and Devonian system of the English geologists. The
igneous or primary rocks, including granite, gneiss, and other varieties destitute of organic
remains, occupy the greater part of the mountainous region in the n. e. part of the State, the
Highlands upon the Hudson, and a considerable portion of the country below, including Man-
hattan Island. A portion of these rocks are imperfectly stratified, and are generally found in
broken and disrupted masses with the strata highly inclined. The remaining portions of the State
are occupied by series of stratified rocks, generally extending e. and w. and varying in thickness
from a few inches to several hundred feet. The strata overlie each other, and have a slight dip
toward the s., so that a person in traveling from the n. border of the State to the Penn. line would
successively pass over the exposed edges of the whole series. Toward the e. these strata all are
bent, and appear to be arranged around the primitive region in the same order in which they lie
elsewhere. The highest of the series of rocks found in the State forms the floor of the coal
measures ; so that it is perfectly futile to search for coal within the limits of the State. The rocks
are distinguished by their color, quality, and situation, and by the fossils which they contain.
In many instances a stratum disappears entirely, and in others strata of several hundred feet in
thickness in one place are but a few feet thick in another. In places where many strata are
wanting and two rocks usually widely separated are found in contact, the geologist is obliged to
depend entirely upon the fossils which they contain to determine their classification. 2
1 In 1799. Dr. Samuel L. Mitcliill, under the auspices of the
"Society for Promoting Agriculture. .Arts, and Manufactures."
published an essay u|«>n the rock- in tie- State. While the Erie
I was in process of construction, Stephen Van Rensselaer
employed Pro! Anms Eaton to prepare an account of the rocks
along the canal route. This was published in 1824. Prof.Eaton's
work was one of great merit ; and to him we are indebted for the
first accurate knowledge ever obtained of the general system of
r^k- in the State.
On the ]5th of April. 1836, an act was passed authorizing a
Survey r,f the State. The State was divided into four
di-tre t-. t" earl) of which were appointed a geologist and an
int. A sootofdst, botanist, mineralogist, and paleontologist
w.-r.- appointed for the whole state.
Tif i ., /' 'n>f included the counties of Albany, Columbia,
rare, Dutchess, Greene, KlngB, New Fork, Orange, Putnam,
iebmond, Rockland, Saratoga, Schenectady,
barie, Buffolk, Bullivan, Ulster, Washington, and West-
it r. Win. W. Mather was appointed Principal Ge..]..iri-t.
and' .'. Lang Cassels, and -Seymour, Assistants.
The Report, in I blished in I
Thi : of the counties of Clinton. Es-
I rnnklin. J -t. Lawrence, and Warren, was placed
under the charge of Dr it em scr Emmons, Principal, and Jas.
Hall and I . j r . Assistants. The Report, in LvoL,WaS
publish d in 1
Thr Third D ; the ( nintii j of Broome,
_■ i. ' i" n og Cortland, Fulton, Herkimer, Lewis, Madison,
Montg mery. Oneida go, I I _-a. and the
i under chat : i ardner Van
n, Principal, and Jas I Uststants, The
rt, in 1 toL, was publish d In 1843.
The y>mri>. !• misting of the counties "f Allegany,
irangu*,< hautanqua, Chemung, Brie, Genesee, Liris
Monroe, Niagara, On) ben, the w. half
of Tompkins, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yatei oedt ijai
If nil. Principal, and .1. w. p. Mi and I: s ll r-frd. Assistants.
!■ rt was published in 1 voL in
The Mmeril atmerU wa- I to Dr. Let I
Beck. Principal, and Wm. Horton and I. D. Gale, A-i-tanta.
1 he Report, in 1 voL, was publish d in 1843,
The Zoological Department was .. Dr. J IP. Kay,
Principal, and .l.'lm W. Hill. Draftsman 7I.- Report, In 6 Tola.,
was publish, d in 18 13 48 : ToL I. Mammalia, with General I n-
f r- -in- ti m by Gov.J VoL II, Ornltl
IV. Reptiles and Pishes; Vol V, MoUnsca and I
The Botanical Depart m ent John Torry.
The Report, in '.' vohu, was published in l
Thr A ' Department was assigned t T>r. Ebencjter
Bnimons. The l;- ; -•.' in a vols- was published fr.m If
24
1S54. — Vol. I, Soils and Climate; Vol. II, Analysis and Results
of Experiments; Vols. Ill and IV, Fruits ; Vol. V, Insects.
The Paleontolof/ical Department was assigned to T. A. Conrad,
in 1837. He resigned in 1S43. and was succeeded by Prof. Jas.
Hall. The Report, to consist of 5 vols., is in process of publica-
tion. Two vols, are already issued ; and the third is in press.
A geological map, accompanying the Reports, is issued with
this work.
2 The following is the classification of the New York system,
with the position which the different strata occupy in the classi-
fication of English geologists. The order of the arrangement
is from below upward : —
Primitive or Igneous Rocks.
Tacnic System.
Potsdam Sandstone.
Calciferous Sandstone.
Chazy Limestone.
Bird eye Limestone.
Mack Itiver Limestone.
Trenton Limestone.
Utica Slate.
Hudson River Group. Lorraine Shale.-.
Oneida Conglomerate, Bhawangunk Grit.
Mi dins Sandstone.
Clinton Group.
Niagara Group, Coraline Limestone in the east.
| i, -I .shal,-.
Onondaga Sail Group.- Green .-hales.
I Gypsum.
Waterlime Group.
Pentamorua Limestone.
I>. Ithyris Bhaly Limestone,
Upper Pentamerua Limestone.
i h iskany Sandstone.
Cauda Gain Grit.
s. hi bai i' Grit.
Onondaga Limes!
Oorniferous Limi stone.
Marcellus Shahs.
fLudlowville Shales.
Hamilton Group. -j Encrinal Limestone.
(Moscow Shales.
Tully Limestone.
- Mate.
I ' ishaqua Shales.
Portage Group. J Qardeau Flag Stones.
I Portage Sandstone
Chemung Group.
old Red sandstone.
Conglomerate of the Coal Measures.
7.
a
p
-j .
t/j
a
u
o
kJ
|E
-
5
x
— •
f-
m
-/.
>•
a:
i.
H
fl.
* \
P
g
'•>
M
v.
to
-r
s .
z
SB
a
,
GEOLOGY.
25
The Catskill Mts. are composed principally of Old Red Sandstone ; and the tops of some of the
higher peaks are covered with the conglomerate of the coal measures. Now Ited Sandstone is
found in a few localities along the Hudson, below the Highlands. Trap, a rock of volcanic origin,
forms the Palisades upon the Hudson ; and trap dikes are common in the primitive region of
the n. Tertiary clay, in deep strata, extends along the valleys of Lake Champlain and St. Law-
rence River. Drift, including loose deposits of boulders, gravel, sand, and clay, is found in most
parts of the State, in some places covering the rocks beneath to the depth of several hundred
feet. The character of this drift, the peculiar forms which it has assumed, and the position which
it occupies, all give evidence of some great general moving power which existed after the stratified
rocks were lifted from their original beds, and ages before the present order of things was
instituted.
Within more recent periods, considerable changes have been wrought by the action of present
streams of water and the wasting agencies of the atmosphere and frost. From these are derived
marl, alluvium, and the greater part of the soils. The thickness of the rock strata is generally
determined by its outcrop along the ravines of the streams, and by Artesian wells, which have
been sunk to a great depth in different parts of the State. 1
Metallic Minerals. — The principal metals in the State are iron and lead, the former
only of which is found in sufficient quantity and purity to render its manufacture profitable. Iron
ore is found in three distinct varieties, viz., magnetic oxide or magnetite, specular oxide or red
hematite, and hydrous peroxide or limonite. Magnetic ore is widely diffused throughout the
primitive region. It is usually found in beds between the rock strata, parallel to the mountain
ranges ; and sometimes it is blended with the rock. The beds in many places are immense in
extent, and the ore is 75 to 95 per cent, pure iron. 2 Specular iron ore is found in narrow beds
between the igneous and sedimentary rocks. It is principally found in St. Lawrence and Jeffer-
son cos. 3 A variety of this ore, known as argillaceous iron ore or clay ironstone, is associated
with the lower strata of the Clinton group, extending from Herkimer to Monroe co. It is
found in beds 2£ feet thick and about 20 feet apart, and its general form is that of flattened grains.
Limonite is found also associated with the igneous rocks and in various other localities. It is
usually in the form of shot or bog ore, or yellow ocher. It is wrought to a considerable extent
in Richmond, Orange, Putnam, Dutchess, Columbia, Washington, Franklin, St. Lawrence,
Jefferson, and Lewis cos. Bog ore is probably found, to a greater or less extent, in every co. in
the State. The iron made from it is usually tough and soft. 4
Lead ore is found in St. Lawrence, Ulster, Dutchess, Westchester, Orange, Columbia, Lewis,
Jefferson, and Sullivan cos. ; and in several of them the mines have been worked to some extent.
The Rossie Mines, of St. Lawrence, are the only ones now wrought. 5 Copper ore in the form of
New Red Sandstone.
Tertiary.
Diluvial or Drift.
Quaternary.
The Taconic system is claimed by some as corresponding to
the Cambrian system of Mr. Sedgwick, and by others to be
newer formations changed by heat.
1 TABLE
Showing the depths of the principal Artesian wells in the State.
County.
Albany..
Cayuga
Columbia....
Delaware.. ..
Jefferson....
Livingston .
New York-
Oneida
Onondaga. .
Orleans..
Wayne ..
Locality.
City
Ferry St
Montezuma
Hudson
Elk Brook
Watertown
York
U.S. Hotel
Bleeker St
ByManhatt'n co
Utica
Syracuse
Oak Orchard
Savannah
Little Sodus and
Clyde
Depth.
400
Product.
Fresh water.
Mineral water.
Brine.
Fresh water.
Weak brine.
Fresh water.
Weak brine and gas.
Fresh water.
Brine.
Weak brine.
and gas.
The deepest Artesian well in the U. S. is at St. Louis, Mo.,
and is 2199 feet deep. A well at Louisville, Ky., is 2086 feet
deep ; and another at Columbus, Ohio, 1900 feet deep.
2 The principal mines which have been worked in the northern
primitive region are in Warren, Essex, Clinton, St. Lawrence,
and Franklin cos. So common are particles of iron in the rocks
of this region that the iron sand upon the banks of the streams
is sufficiently pure to repay the labor of collecting for the forge.
Magnetic ores are also abundant in Orange co., and mines have
there been worked since the earliest periods. This ore has also
been found among the igneous rocks of Kockland. Westchester,
Putnam, Washington, Saratoga, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson,
and Lewis cos.
3 The principal mines in St. Lawrence and Jefferson cos. yield
this variety of ore. It is most abundant in the towns of Gouver-
neur, Kossie, and Antwerp, and is there usually associated with
crystaline sulphuret of iron, spathic iron, and quartz. The ar-
gillaceous ore supplies the furnaces in Oneida. Oswego, and Wayne
cos. It is red. and imparts a dull red color to whatever it cornea
in contact with. In the region of mines and furnaces the clothing
of the laborers, the trees, fences, and vehicles employed, are all
colored by it. It is used as a paint, under the name of '• Spanish
Brown."
4 Bog ore is deposited in swamps, the bottoms of which are
clay, hardpan, or some other strata impervious to water. It is
continually accumulating, so that it may be removed two or
three times in a century. It has various shades of color, from
yellow to a dark brown. In the primitive region it sometimes
assumes a stalactital or botryoidal form, with a fibrous texture
and a glossy black surface. A loamy variety, when used in high
furnaces, is liable to blow up. This is caused by the mass melt-
ing away below, leaving a crust above, and. as the support at last
gives away, the moisture contained in the mass is suddenly con-
verted into steam by the intense heat, and the liquid iron below
is thrown out with great force, sometimes destroying the fur-
nace.
6 A vein has recently been opened in Orange co. that promised
great richness. Lead ore is usually found in the form of sul-
phurets. or galena. It is often associated witli crystalized mine-
rals of great beauty.
26 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
a sulphuret has been found in Washington, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence cos., but not in sufficient
quantities to render mining profitable. Zinc ore in the form of a sulphuret, or blende, is found,
associated with lead, in St. Lawrence co. Manganese, titanium, nickel, and several other metals,
have been found in small quantities, though they have never been reduced except in the labora-
tories of the chemist. 1
A'onOIetallic Minerals. — The most valuable non-metallic minerals in the State are
limestone, gypsum, waterlime, pipeclay, clay and sand suitable for common and fire brick and
pottery, graphite, talc, and slate. Nearly every part of the State is well supplied with building
6tone ; and in most of the counties extensive quarries have been worked. Lime, waterlime, and
gypsum are also extensively quarried. 2
Mineral Spring's are numerous, and are found in nearly every co. in the State*. The
most celebrated of these are the salt springs of Onondaga, the medicinal springs of Saratoga,
and the thermal springs of Columbia co. Sulphur and chalybeate springs are common, and many
of them have considerable notoriety for medicinal properties. 3 In the w. part of the State
springs emitting nitrogen and carburetted hydrogen gas are numerous. In the limestone regions
of the State the water is generally more or less impregnated with carbonate and sulphate of
lime ; and in many places tufa is deposited in large quantities by the water. The slow dissolving
of the limestone rocks has given a cavernous structure to several localities, and in others it has
formed deep holes in the ground. The caves of Albany, Schoharie, and Jefferson cos. are doubtless
formed in this manner ; and the peculiar sink-holes and cratean lakes of Onondaga are probably
formed by the breaking of the superincumbent mass into the caverns beneath.
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
The Seat of Government was originally fixed at New York City, and remained there until the
Revolution, with occasional adjournments of the General Assembly and Executive Department on
account of prevailing sickness. Such of the public records as related to the immediate interests
of the crown were removed, by order of Gov. Tryon, in Dec. 1775, to the armed ship Duchess of
Gordon, and remained on board till Nov. 1781, when most of them were returned to the city. 4 In
June, 177G, the other public records were removed to Kingston, and, on the approach of the enemy
in Oct. 1777, they were hastily taken to Rochester, Ulster county. 6 They were soon afterward taken to
Poughkeepsie, and in 1784 to New York. In 1797, commissioners were appointed to erect a build-
in:.' fir the records in Albany, and an order dated July 31, 1798, authorized their removal thither'
and the permanent location of the Beat of Government at that place.
The Slaie House was begun in 1803 and finished in 1807, at the joint expense of the city and
county 'if Albany and the State of New York. The original cost exceeded $120,000, of which
1 In many of the original patents of tin- mountainous regions
upon the llii'I- "ii. reservations Were made of all tin; gold nncl
Hirer thai (bund. To this day, how., v.r. tin-' m< -t.il-
hsre n't been found ; though it is said that traces of silver have
ben i in -• v. ml plai
* The following is li-t oi 1 1 1«- most important quarries in the
State ;_
Gyp'"rn in found in Cayuga, Madison, Onondaga, Wayne, Or-
Ltmt I . irried in mosl of tlic counties of tho State cx-
• Hi- Penn. line.
married in Erie, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison,
l. ' inondaga, and I Inter.
Wlaggbu b found in most "f the southern c unties, and in
u other 1 The thin bedded sandstone of the
Portage group furnishes the * tics.
Btu'l' tcellent quality hi bond in nearly every
ind gneiss are extensively
quarried in New York and m • iti hester and In the it. r„ c.,s.
of the state. The Potsdam sandstone, Black Hirer limc-
ini'l Medina sandstone, and th" Onondaga
limestone ail furnish i \ ellent building stone. Host of the
locks upon the Brie Canal are built "f the last named stone.
The shales of the Portage nnd Chemung group arc sepa-
into s-truta hy hard, compact sandstone, excellent for
building or flagging.
il:r '•■ is found and [iiimed in Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess,
and Orange cos.
Roofing slate is quarried in Washington, Rensselaer, Columbia,
and Dutchess cos.
3 The principal of these springs are those of Massona, St.
Lawrence co.; Richfield, Otsego <-o.: Avon. Livingston co.;
Sharon. Schoharie co. : New Lebanon and Stockport. Columbia
co. ; Chlttenango, Madison co. : and Alabama, Genesee co.
* Six yearn" cl"-' i> 1 1 n> ui'iit on tdiiphonrd damaged some
of these records almost beyond remedy. The most valuable
were transcribed in I798j under the direction of commissioners
appointed by law.
» The first State Legislature, then in session, hastily adjourned
and met in .Tan. at I'oiiglikeepsio. The citizens of (Joshen
tendered the hospitalities ol tin ir village and the use of rooms,
if the Legislature chose to remove thither. In March, ITT 1 -, a
com orient resolution directed the Secretary of State and the
clerks of counties t" put their penis into strong and light
inclosures, t.. he ready lor instant removal in case of danger.
The Legislature held its sessions at Poughkeepsie, King-ton. or
Albany, as suited convenience, untO 1784, when it removed to
New York. Two -e.-iou- were afterward held at I'oiighkecpaia,
and three at Albany, before the final removal to the latter place
in 1797.
6 Philip Schuyler, Abraham Ten Broeck, Jeremiah Van liens-
seuv r. Daniel Hale, and Tennis T. Van Vechteu were appointed
commissioners. The edifice stood on the site of the present
Geological and Agricultural Hall, and was torn down in 1855.
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.
27
$34,200 was paid by the city and $3,000 by the county of Albany. It continued to be used for
city, county, and State offices and courts until about 1832, when the State became the exclusive
owner and the Capitol was fitted up for legislative and other public purposes. It stands at the
head of State Street, 130 feet above the Hudson, and has in front a park of three acres inclosed bj
an iron fence. It is substantially built of stone faced with Nyack red freestone. 1
Tlic State Library is a fireproof building in the rear of the State House and connected
with it by a long corridor. It is built of brick and iron and faced on its two fronts with brown
freestone. It is already nearly filled with books, manuscripts, and maps, which the State has been
collecting for many years. 2
Tlie State Hall, situated upon Eagle Street, fronting the Academy Park, was finished in 1842.
It is built of cut stone, with a colonnade in front, supported by six Ionic columns, and is surmounted
by a dome. 3 It contains the offices of the Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Auditor of Canal
Department, Canal Appraisers, Canal Commissioners, State Engineer and Surveyor, Division En-
gineers, Clerk of Court of Appeals, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Superintendent of Bank
Department, Attorney General, and State Sealer of Weights and Measures.
Tlie State Geological and Agricultural filall, corner of State and Lodge Sts.,
is the depository of the specimens collected during the geological survey, and also contains the
cabinet of the State Agricultural Society. 4
1 It is 90 feet broad, 50 high, and was originally 115 feet long.
Tn 1S54, 15 feet were added to the w. end. The eastern front
has an Ionic portico with four columns of Berkshire marble
each 3 feet 8 inches in diameter and 33 feet high. The north
and south fronts have each a pediment of 65 feet base ; and the
doorways are decorated with columns and angular pediments
of freestone. The entrance hall is 40 by 50 feet and 16 feet
high, the ceiling of which is supported by a double row of
reeded columns, and the floor is vaulted and laid with squares
of Italian marble. Upon the north side of the hall are the
office of Adjutant General and the Assembly Library, and on
the south side the Executive Chambers. The remainder of the
first story is devoted to the Assembly Chamber with its lobbies
and po8toffice. This chamber is now 56 by 65 feet and 28 feet
liigh. The Speaker's desk is on the w. side, and the desks of the
Clerks are upon each side and iu front of it. Desks of members
are arranged in semi-circles in front. Upon the E. side is a
gallery supported by iron pillars. The ceiling is richly orna-
mented in stucco. Over the Speaker's seat is a copy by Ames
of a full length portrait of Stewart's Washington. In the
second story, over the entrance hall, is the Senate chamber, 40
Ly 50 feet and 22 feet high. The President's desk is upon the
s. side, and the desks of the Senators are arranged in a circle in
front. On the n. side are the library and cloak room of the
Senate, and on the s. the postoffice and room of the Sergeant at
Arms. Over the President's seat is a crimson canopy, and oppo-
site are the portraits of Gov. Geo. Clinton and Columbus. The
latter was presented to the Senate in 17S4 by Mrs. Farmer, a
grand-daughter of Gov. Leisler, and had been in her family
150 years. Over the Assembly lobbies is the rooin of the
Court of Appeals, and in the third story are the consultation
rooms of this court, committee rooms of both houses, and part
of the Senate Library. The courtroom of the Court of Appeals
contains portraits of Chancellors Lansing, Sandford, Jones, and
Walworth, Chief Justice Spencer, Abraham Van Vechten, and
Daniel Cady. The inner Executive Chamber has a full size
portrait of Gen. La Fayette, painted when he was in the city in
1825.
The roof of the State house is pyramidal, and from the center
rises a circular cupola 20 feet in diameter, supporting a hemi-
spherical dome upon 8 insulated Ionic columns. Upon the
dome stands a wooden statue of Themis. 11 feet high, holding
in her right hand a sword and in her left a balance.
2 The State Library was founded April 21, 1818, and for nearly
forty years was kept in the upper rooms of the Capitol. Its growth
was comparatively slow until 1844, when its supervision was
transferred from the State officers who had been ex-officio trus-
tees to the Regents of the University. Their Secretary, the late
Dr. T. Rome3 r n Beck, was eminently fitted for the task of building
up an institution of this character. The library at the time of
the transfer contained about 10,000 volumes. The number
lias increased during the subsequent 15 years to about 53,000.
The present building, erected in 1853-54. is 114 feet long by 45
broad, was built at a cost of $91,900, and opened to the public
Jan. 2, 1855. The first floor is supported by stone pillars and
groined arches, and the second floor and galleries by arched
spans of iron filled with concrete. The roof, rafters, trusses,
pillars, shelves, and principal doors are of iron, and the floors
are paved with colored tile. The first story is devoted to the
law department, and the second story to the general library, in-
cluding a large number of costly presents from other Govern-
ments, a valuable series of MSS. and parchments relating to
our colonial and early State history, and an extensive collec-
tion of medals and coins. The office of the Regents of the Uni-
versity is in the library building.
She library, formerly known as the "ChancelU/rg Library"
was divided in 1849, and, with additions since made, now forms
two public libraries, called the " Libraries of the Court of Ap-
peals," one of which is located at Syracuse and the other at
Rochester. They consist chiefly of law books, and are in charge
of librarians appointed by the Regents and paid by the State.
There is also a small library, for reference, in the consultation
room of the Court of Appeals. Each of the judges of the Su-
preme Court and the Vice Chancellor of the Second District,
under the late Constitution, held libraries owned by the State,
which are for the use of the four judges of the Court of Appeals
elected by the people of the State at large, and their successors
iu office. There is also a small library for the use of the At-
torney General ; and means are annually provided for the in-
crease of each of these collections, chiefly from the income of
moneys known as the " Chancellors' Library Fund" and "In-
terest Fund," which are kept invested by the Clerk of the Court
of Appeals for this purpose.
3 Thislmildingis 138 by88 feet and 65 feet high. Theceilingsof
the basement and of the two principal stories are groined arches,
and all the rooms, excepting in the attic story, are fireproof.
The basement and attic are each 19 feet, and the two principal
stories each 22 feet, high. The building cost about $350,000.
i In 1842 the old State Hall was converted into a geological
hall, and rooms were assigned in the same building to the State
Agricultural Society. The old building was torn down, and the
present Geological and Agricultural Hall erected in its place, in
the summer of 1855. The Agricultural Booms were dedicated
Feb. 12, 1857, and the Cabinet was opened to the public Feb. 22,
1858. The present building is of brick, and is 4 stories high,
besides the basement. In the rear is a spacious wing, of the same
height as the main building. It contains a lecture room, the
spacious geological cabinet, and the rooms of the State Geological
Society. The basement is occupied by a taxidermist and a jani-
tor. The building itself is subject to the order of the Commis-
sioners of the Land Office. The Cabinet originated in the Geo-
logical Survey, and in extent and value it ranks among the first
in America. Within the past year a series of English fossils has
been given to the State by the British Government : and a valu-
able collection of shells, embracing several thousand species, has
been recently presented and arranged by Philip P. Carpenter,
an English naturalist. The Museum is designed to embrace a
complete representation of the geological formations of the State,
with their accompanying minerals and fossils, and of its entire
native flora and fauna. The birds and quadrupeds are preserved
by a skilful taxidermist, with the attitudes aud appearance of
life; and the reptiles and fishes are principally preserved in al-
cohol. Connected with this cabinet is a historical and anti-
quarian department, embracing numerous aboriginal antiquities
and specimens of modern Indian art, relics of battle fields, and
other objects of historical interest. The whole is under the
charge of a curator appointed by the Begents. The museum of
the State Agricultural Society, in a separate department of the
building, contains a large collection of obsolete and modern im-
plements of husbandry, specimens of agricultural and mechanical
products, models of fruits, samples of grains and soils, drawings
illustrating subjects connected with the useful arts ; and it is
designed to include an extensive collection of insects, made with
especial reference to showing their influence upon tlie fruit and
grain crops of the State. The entomological department is in
charge of Dr. Asa Fitch, who has been for several years employed
by the society in studying the habits of destructive insects, with
the view to ascertaining the means of preventing their ravages.
The whole of these collections are open to the public on every
weekday except holidays. The meetings of the Executive Com-
mittee of the State Ag'ricultural Society, and the winter fairs,
are held in their rooms in this building.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
The State Government consists of the Legislative, Executive, Judicial, and Administrative
Departments ; the powers and duties of the several officers being defined by the Constitution and
regulated by law.
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.
Tlie State Legislature is composed of a Senate and Assembly.
Tlie Senate consists of 32 members, chosen by single districts
every two years, the whole number being chosen at once. The
Lieut. Governor is ex officio President of the Senate, and has a cast-
ing vote in case of a tie. The Senate appoints a President pro tern.,
who presides in the absence of the Lieut. Governor, and becomes
ex officio Lieut. Governor in case of a vacancy in that office. The
Senate with the Judges of the Court of Appeals forms a court
for the trial of impeachments, and it ratifies or rejects the nomi-
nations of the Governor to a great number of offices.
The Senate elects the following officers : a clerk, sergeant-at-
arms, assistant sergeant-at-arms, doorkeeper and assistants, libra-
rian, and such other officers as may be deemed necessary. 1
The Assembly consists of 128 members, elected annually by
single districts. The districts are re-apportioned once in ten
years, after the State census is taken. The Speaker, or Pre-
siding Officer of the Assembly, is elected by the members from
their number, and usually appoints all committees. All bills
upon financial matters must originate in the Assembly.
The Assembly elects the following officers : a Speaker, clerk,
sergeant-at-arms, doorkeeper and two assistants. The Speaker
appoints an assistant sergeant-at-arms, a postmaster and assist-
ant, a janitor, keeper of the Assembly chamber, and several
doorkeepers and pages. 2
1 The sergeant-at-arms is also librarian. The clerk appoints
his deputies and assistants, and the President appoints a janitor,
superintendent of tl. amber, and pages. Committees
are usually appointed bj the Lieut. Qot. Tlie appointment* are
for two _\c.-, r j. About half a dozen reporters are admitted
thin the Benate chamber. Standing commit t
the Senate consist of 3 members.
SENATE DISTRICTS.
1. ' hmond, and Suffolk Counties.
2. 1st 2d, Sd, 4th, Kb, 7th. lltli, 18th, and 10th Wards of
-lvn.
3. 8th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th. 14th. 15th, 16th, 17th. and 18th
•.•I id.- towns of Kings County.
4. l«t. 2d, Sd, 4th. Mb, 8th, 7th, 8th, and 14th Wards of New
V rk.
6. 10th. 11th. 13th, and 17th Wards of Kew York.
6. Pth. 16th, 18th, and 18th Wards of New fork.
7. " . Ward* of New fork.
8. 1 i I until ■*.
9. Orange nn<\ Sullivan Counties.
and ri-t.T '
11. < lumbia and Dti( inties.
nM«-iarr and Washington Counties,
oty.
14. D
1. 1 toga Counties.
18. ( • i
17 Franklin and St. Lawi I .ties.
1 8. J
19. Oi da I
20. Herkhwat and Otasgp Q untie*.
21. Oi nty.
mty.
23. Chena - . . I. an 1 M i Hi n f'-mntles.
24. Bro. I ind Tompkioa •'•unties.
25. Cayuga and Wayne '
tmca. and Yates Coun*
27. Chemung, Schuyler, and Steuben Counties.
°S. M inty.
28
29. Genesee. Niagara, and Orleans Counties.
.';n. Ail ■•■_':my. Livingston, and Wyoming Counties,
31. Erie County.
32. Cattaraugus and Chautauqua Counties.
2 The clerk appoints his assistants and deputies, a librarian
and assistant, a bank clerk, and a clerk's messenger. These
officers are appointed f<>r the Bession. except pages, who are
changed In the middle of each session. Standing committees of
the Assembly consist of 6 members, except those upon Ways
and Means, the Judiciary, and Canal-. <-.i.)i ..t which has'"
members. About 20 reporters are admitted and provided with
within the bar. They usually share with members in
extra appropriations for books, and in the privilege of mailing
documents at the public expense.
ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS.
[Those Counties not enumerated in this list form but one
[■ in't. Ktilton and Hamilton form one District.]
ALBANY COUNTY.— Focu Districts.
1. 1-t Ward of Albany. Bethlehem, Coeymans, New Scotland,
Ren lelai rrille, and Westerlo,
J. 9tb and bub Wards of Albany, Bern, Ouilderland, and Knox.
... 2 I. : Id Itb, 6th, 8th, and 8th Wards of Albany.
4. 7th Ward oi All. m\ and Watcrvliet.
ALLEGANY COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Allen. Almond, Angelica, Belfast. BirdsaU. Burns, Oaneadea,
Cnterville. I ; ranger, Grove, Hume, New Hudson. Bushford,
and West Almond.
2, Alfred. Alma. Amity, Andover, Bolivar. Cl.nrksville, Cuba,
Friendship, Genesee, Independence, Scio, Ward. Weiisville,
Willing, arid Wirt.
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Allegany. Ashford. Carrol ton. Elgin. FarmTsville. Franklin-
ville. freedom, Hinsdale, Humphrey, Ischua, Machias,
Olean, Portville, and Yorkshire.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
29
The sessions of the Legislature commence on the first Tuesday in January, and members can
only receive pay for 100 days. The business of each year begins de novo; but if an extra session
is called by the Governor, bills are taken up where they were left at the last previous adjourn-
ment. Each house decides upon the qualifications of its own members; and both houses must
concur in the election of U. S. Senators, Regents of the University, and Superintendent of Public
Instruction. Bills, except measures of finance, may originate in either house, and must be
2. Bucktooth, Coldspring, Connowango, Dayton, Ellicottville,
East Otto, Great Valley, Leon, Little Valley, Mansfield,
Napoli, New Albion, Otto, Perrysburgh, Persia, Randolph,
and South Valley.
CAYUGA COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Brutus, Cato, Conquest, Ira, Mentz, Montezuma, Sennett,
Sterling, Throop, Victory, and the 1st and 4th Wards of
Auburn.
2. Aurelius, Fleming, Genoa, Ledyard, Locke, Moravia, Niles,
Owasco, Scipio, Sempronius, Springport, Summer Hill,
Venice, and the 2d and 3d Wards of Auburn.
CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. -Two Districts.
1. Busti, Chautauqua, Clymer, Ellery, French Creek, Ilarmony,
Mina, Portland, Ripley, Sherman, Stockton, and Westfield.
2. Arkwright, Carroll, Charlotte, Cherry Creek, Ellicott, Elling-
ton, Gerry, Hanover, Kiantone, Poland, Pomfret, Sheridan,
and Villenova.
CHENANGO COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Columbus, Lincklaen, New Berlin, North Norwich, Norwich,
Otselic, Pharsalia, Pitcher, Plymouth, Sherburne, and
Smyrna.
2. Afton, Bainbridge, Coventry, German, Guilford, Greene, Mc-
Donough, Oxford, Preston, and Smithville.
COLUMBIA COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Ancram, Claverack, Clermont, Copake, Gallatin, German-
town, Greenport, Hudson City, Livingston, and Tagh-
kanick.
2. Austerlitz, Canaan, Chatham, Ghent, Hillsdale, Kinder-
hook, New Lebanon, Stockport, and Stuyvesant.
DELAWARE COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Colchester, Delhi, Franklin, Hamden, Hancock, Masonville,
Sidney, Tompkins, and Walton.
2. Andes, Bovina, Davenport, Harpersfield, Kortright, Mere-
dith, Middleton, Roxbury, and Stamford.
DUTCHESS COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Amenia, Beekman, Dover, East Fishkill, La Grange, North-
east, Pawling, Pine Plains, Stanford, Union Vale, and
Washington.
2. Clinton, Hyde Park, Milan, Pleasant Valley, Poughkeepsie,
City of Poughkeepsie, Red Hook, and Rhinebeck.
ERIE COUNTY.— Four Districts.
1. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 13th Wards of Buffalo.
2. 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Wards of Buffalo.
3. Alden, Amherst, Chicktawauga, Clarence, Elma, Grand
Island, Hamburgh, Lancaster, Marilla, Newstead, Tona-
wanda, and West Seneca.
4. Aurora, Boston, Brandt, Colden, Collins, Concord, East
Hamburgh, Eden, Evans, Holland, North Collins, Sardinia,
and Wales.
HERKIMER COUNTY— Two Districts.
1. Fairfield, Herkimer, Little Falls, Manheim, Newport, Nor-
way, Ohio, Russia, Salisbury, and Wilmurt.
2. Columbia, Danube, Frankfort, German Flats, Litchfield,
Schuyler, Stark, Warren, and Winfield.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. Adams, Brownville, Ellisburgh, Henderson, Hounsfield, Lor-
raine, Rodman, and Worth.
2. Antwerp, Champion, Le Ray, Philadelphia, Rutland, Water-
town, and Wilna.
3. Alexandria, Cape Vincent, Clayton, Lyme, Orleans, Pamelia,
and Theresa.
KINGS COUNTY.— Seven Districts.
1. Flatbush, Flatlands, Gravesend, New Lots, New Utrecht, and
the 8th, 17th, and 18th Wards of Brooklyn.
2. 1st, 6th, and 12th Wards of Brooklyn.
3. 4th and 10th Wards of Brooklyn.
4. 2d, 3d, and 5th Wards of Brooklyn.
5. 9th and 11th Wards of Brooklyn.
6. 13th, 14th, and part of 19th Wards of Brooklyn.
7. 7th, 15th, 16th, and part of 19th Wards of Brooklyn.
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Avon, Caledonia, Conesus, Geneseo, Groveland, Leicester,
Lims., Livonia, and York.
2. Mount Morris, North Dansville, Nunda, Ossian, Portage,
Sparti, Springwater, and West Sparta.
MADISON COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Brookfield, Do Ruyter, Eaton, Georgetown, Hamilton, Leba-
non, Madison, and Nelson.
2. Cazenovia, Fenner, Lenox, Smithfield, Stockbridgo, and
Sullivan.
MONROE COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. Brighton, Henrietta, Irondequoit, Mendon, Penfiekl, Perin-
ton, Pittsford, Rush, and Webster.
2. The City of Rochester.
3. Chili, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden,
Union, and Wheatland.
NEW YORK CITY AND COUNTY.— Seventeen Districts.
17 districts, corresponding to Aldermanic districts.
NIAGARA COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Lockport, Pendleton, Royalton, and Wheatfield.
2. Cambria, Hartland, Lewiston, Newfane, Niagara, Porter,
Somerset, and Wilson.
ONEIDA COUNTY.— Four Districts.
1. Deerfield, City of Ctica, and Whitestown.
2. Augusta, Bridgewater, Kirkland, Marshall, New Hartford,
Paris, Sangerfield, Vernon, and Westmoreland.
3. Camden, Florence, Rome, Verona, and Vienna.
4. Amesville, Ava, Brownville, Floyd, Lee, Marcy, Remsen,
Steuben, Trenton, and Western.
ONONDAGA COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. Camillus, Clay, Elbridge, Lysander, Marcellus, Skaneateles,
Spafford, and Van Buren.
2. Cicero, Salina, and Syracuse.
3. De Witt, Fabius, Geddes, La Fayette, Manlius, Onondaga,
Otisco, Pompey, and Tully.
ONTARIO COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Farmington, Gorham, Hopewell, Manchester, Phelps, and
Seneca.
2. Bristol, Canadice, Canandaigua, Eas.t Bloomfield, Naples.
Richmond, South Bristol, Victor, and West Bloomfield.
ORANGE COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Blooming Grove, Chester. Cornwall, Monroe, Montgomery,
Newburgh, and New Windsor.
2. Crawford, Deerpark, Goshen, Greenville, namptonburgh,
Minisink, Mount Hope, Walkill, Warwick, and Waway-
anda.
OSWEGO COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. City of Oswego, Hannibal, Oswego, and Scriba.
2. Constantia, Granby, Hastings, Palermo, Schroeppel, Volney,
and West Monroe.
3. Albion, Amboy. Boyleston, Mexico, Orwell. Parish, Redfield.
Richland, Sandy Creek, New Haven, and Williainstown.
OTSEGO COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Cherry Valley, Decatur, Exeter, Maryland, Middlefield,
Otsego, Plainfield, Richfield, Roseboom, Springfield, West-
ford, and Worcester.
2. Unadilla, Burlington, Butternuts, Edmeston, Hartwiek.
Laurens, Milford, Morris, New Lisbon, Otego, Oneonta, and
Pittsfield.
QUEENS COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Flushing, North Hempstead, and Oyster Bay.
2. Hempstead, Jamaica, and Newtown.
RENSSELAER COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. City of Troy.
2. Berlin, Grafton, Hoosick, Lansingburgh, Petersburgh, Pitts-
town, and Schaghticoke.
3. Brunswick, Clinton, Greenhush, Nassau, North Greenbush,
Poestenkill, Sand Lake, Schodack, and Stephentown.
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. De Kalb, De Peyster, Fine, Fowler, Gouverneur, Macomb,
Morristown, Oswegntchie, Pitcairn, and Rossie,
2. Canton, Colton, Edwards, Hermon, Lisbon, Madrid, Norfolk,
Pierrepont, and Russell.
3. Brasher, Hopkinton, Lawrence, Louisville, Massena, Parish-
ville, Potsdam, and Stockholm.
SARATOGA COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Ballston, Charlton, Clifton Park. Galway, Halfmoon, Malta,
Milton, Stillwater, and Waterford.
2. Corinth, Day, Edinburgh, Greenfield, nadley. Moreau, North-
umberland, Providence, Saratoga, Saratoga Springs, and
Wilton.
30
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
passed by both, and receive the signature of the Governor, — or, if vetoed by him, the votes of two-
thirds of both houses, — to become laws. The original laws of the Legislature, bearing the signa-
tures of the presiding officer of each house and of the Governor and Secretary of State, are bound,
and preserved in the Secretary's office. All general laws are published in such newspapers in each
county as may be designated by the Board of Supervisors.
Besides the State Legislature, a limited power of enacting laws is possessed by the boards of
supervisors in the several counties, by the common councils of cities, and by citizens generally
assembled in town and school district meetings.
The Board of Supervisors meets annually at the county seat, on the week following the
general election, to canvass the votes for State and county officers ; it may hold special meetings at
any time. It has power to appoint a clerk of the board, a county sealer of weights and measures,
special commissioners for laying out roads, printers for publishing the general laws, inspectors of turn-
pike and plank roads, and, in some counties, the Superintendent of the Poor, and other officers, and to
fix the salaries of the county Judge and Surrogate, and of School Commissioners, (above $500, allowed
by law,) and, in some counties, the salary of the District Attorney ; to establish the bounds of assembly
and school commissioner districts, to fix upon town meeting days, 1 to make orders concerning property
<>\rned by the county, and to repair or rebuild the county buildings ; to audit and settle charges against
the county, and the accounts of town officers ; to equalize assessments and levy taxes to meet county
expenses, and for such special purposes as may be directed by law. It also has power to alter the
bounds of towns, and to erect new towns ; to change the location of the county seat and purchase sites
for the erection of new buildings; and to examine annually the securities held by loan commis-
sioners. It may pass laws for the preservation of game or fish, and for the destruction of noxious
animals, and perform such other duties as may be from time to time authorized by law.
STEUBEN* COUNTY.— Turee Districts.
1. Avoca. Bath. Bradford, Conhocton, Prattsburgh, Pulteney,
Urbana, Wayne, and Wheeler.
2. Addison, Cameron, Campbell, Caton. Corning, Erwin, Hornby,
Lindley, Rathbone, Thurston, and Woodhull.
3. Cauisti so, I'ansville, Fremont, Greenwood, Hornellsville,
H nrerd, Hartsvflle, Jasper, Tronpsburgh, West Union, and
Waylaod.
SUFFOLK COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. East Hampton, Riverhead, Shelter Island, Southampton,
and Southold.
2. Brookhaven, Huntington, Islip, and Smithtown.
ULSTER COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. Hurley, Kingston, and Saugerties.
2. B liner, Lloyd, Marbletown, Marlborough, New
Palls, Plattekill, Kosendale, and Shawangunk.
.'!. Denning, Bardenirnrgh, Olive, Rochester, Shandaken, Wa-
md Woodstock.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Axgyle, Cambridge. Easton, Fort Edward, Greenwich, Jack-
son. Salem, and White Creek.
2. Dresden. Fort Anu. Granville. Hampton, Hartford, Hebron,
Kingsbury, Putnam, and Whitehall.
WAYNE COUNTY.— Two Districts.
1. Butler, Galen, Huron, Lyons, Rose, Savannah, Sodus, and
Wolcott.
2. Arcadia, Macedon, Marion, Ontario, Palmyra, Walworth,
and Williamson.
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.— Three Districts.
1. East Chester, Morrisania, Westchester, West Farms, and
Yonkers.
2. Greenburgh. Harrison. Mamaroneck, Mount Pleasant. New
Rochelle, North Castle, Pelliam, Poundridgc, Rye, Scars-
dale, and White Plains.
3. Bedford, Cortlandt, Lewiaboro, New Castle, North Salem,
Ossining, Somers, and Yorktown.
' TOWN MEETINGS.
d meeting! are held on the same day throughout the county: and the time may be changed once in 3 years. The town
meetb me between the 1-t day of Feb. and the 1st of May. They are at present all held on Tuesdays, as follows : —
• TIES.
Tuadnyupan which Toum
Counties.
Tuesday* upon which Turn
ueetingi arc held.
Counties.
Tuesdays upnn which
ittetingt are held
Town
Albany
ny. ...
i ittaJ .nii.-ii<
• kuqua
Chemung....
it'ift....
i od .....
1
2-1 in April.
2d In March.
2d in Feb.
i -in Pi b.
ft< r 1-t Mon. in Mar.
8d in P*b,
fler 1st Mon. in Feb.
1-t In Mar' b.
1-t in Man b.
1-t in Mar h.
3d in Pub.
2-1 in 1
■.M in March
1st in Man b.
1«t in Kan b.
Peb.
2d in
l«t in March.
l«t En
1-t in
Herkimer....
1 -t in March.
3d in Fell.
1-1 In \ l-ril.
8d iii Pen.
i-t in April.
i-t in lurch.
1-t after Lai Mon. in Mar.
2d in Feb.
2d in A pi il.
1st in March.
.Id In Peb,
1st after 1-t Mon. in April.
l-i in March.
1-t in April.
1st in March.
1 -t in Man h.
1st after 1ft Mon. in April.
1st in April.
1st in Mai' li.
Richmond ...
-i i ,'w rence
s hem i tadj
Schoharie ...
Beneca
Bteuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tompkins...
Ols ter
2d in Feb.
2d in .\pril.
2d in Feb.
1-t in March.
1-t in April.
::.l in Feb.
2d iii Feb.
'Jil in March.
2d in Feb.
1st in April.
1st after 1st Mon. in
1st in Feb.
1st in April.
1st in March.
1st in April.
1st in March.
1st in March.
Last in March.
Last in Feb.
Last in Feb.
Mar.
Livingston .
■Ill' TV
N"\v Sork...
Oneida
i tnondaga...
franklin
Pulton
W ashjngton
Rene- :
Wi -trhestcr
Wyoming....
Hamilton...
At these meetings n ! by ballot, a ■uuurrlaor, town
clerk. -1 iui '" exce p tion! tinned o n page 34. 3 aasess-
- 1 annually.. ar..ii.v i,. r . 1 or Sotuisesnofpoor,
(a\ UM pti n of the town, excepting Montgomery and King!
thai are not Included in the general law. > 1 or .". oom>
- of highway*, i if .'!. on- elected annually for 8 years.)
not more than 5 constables and 2 i of election fur may determine
Bach election district, a third being appointed by the pre-
siding officer of the town meetings from the two having
tie- text highest vote. The town of Manlius elects 7 con-
-. Each town at its annual meeting also elects by ayes
and noes, or otherwise, as many overseers of highway;: as there
are road .|;-trict«, and as many pound masters as tii" electors
STATE GOVERNMENT.
31
Tlie Common Council in each of the cities has jurisdiction over municipal affairs within
limits fixed by law, and observes the usual formalities of legislative bodies in its proceedings. Two
aldermen are generally elected from each ward, who, with the mayor, constitute the Common
Council ; but the organization of no two cities is in this respect exactly alike. 1 The enactments
of the Common Council are usually termed "ordinances," and have the force of law. The council
usually has the appointment of a large class of minor city officers, including the keepers of parks
and public buildings, inspectors of various kinds, and in some instances the officers and members
of the police and fire departments. These appointments are usually held at the pleasure of the
appointing power.
Town Meetings may pass laws regulating roads and bridges, the height offences, the support
of the poor, the range of animals, the destruction of noxious weeds, the preservation of town pro-
perty, and for such other purposes as may be directed by special acts. Every town is a corporate
body, may sue and be sued, may hold and convey lands within its limits for purposes specified
by law, and may appropriate moneys for public objects within the town.
School Districts, at regular meetings, may pass rules concerning the support of schools,
employment of teachers, repairs, supplies, and similar affairs, which have the force of law.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
The Governor is elected once in two years. 2 He is commander-
in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State, and possesses
the sole power of granting pardons and commutations of sentence
after conviction. 3 He issues requisitions for the return of crimi-
nals in other States, and he is authorized to offer rewards for the
arrest of criminals within this State. He annually communicates
to the Legislature, at the commencement of each session, a state-
ment of the condition of the public departments, and such other
matters as he may deem necessary. On extraordinary occasions
he may convene the Senate or Legislature. 4 AYithin ten days after
its passage by the Legislature, he may veto any act, by returning it
to the house in which it originated, with his objections; and such act
can become a law only by the concurrence of two-thirds of both houses. 5
The Governor nominates, for appointment by the Senate, a large class of State and county and a
few military officers, 6 and may fill vacancies occurring in these offices during the recess of the Senate.
Some other classes of officers are appointed by the Governor alone, — generally for specific terms,
but in some cases during pleasure. He may also fill vacancies occurring in elective offices, and
1 In New York, the Common Council consists of two branches, —
the Board of Aldermen, consisting of 17 members, chosen for 2
years; and the Board of Councilmen, consisting of 24 members,
chosen annually, 6 from each senatorial district. Each of these
branches elects one of its own number president; and the mayor
possesses a veto power upon their laws analogous to that of the
Governor upon those of the State Legislature.
2 To be eligible to the office of Governor a person must be a
citizen of the U. S., a resident of the State for the last 5 years
previous to election, and must have attained the age of 30 years.
The colonial governors of N.Y. were appointed by the crown.
Under the Constitution of 1777 they were elected for 3 years and
were required to be freeholders. Under the Constitution of 1822,
the governor was elected for 2 years, and, in addition to the pre-
sent qualifications, was required to be a native of the U. S. and a
freeholder.
Under the first State Constitution electors were classified, apd
only those owning freehold property worth §250 and upward
were allowed to vote for Senators and Governor. The aggregate
of the several classes at different periods has been as follows : —
Years.
1790.
1795.
1801.
1807.
1814.
1821.
1
q
oT A •
o
o
to
"3 e-.S
Si •
5 1
II
Not Freeh
but rentiv
ments wor
1
K
[g
B
19,369
23.425
14.674
138
36,338
4.838
22,598
243
52,058
5,264
28,522
63
71.159
5,800
44,330
88
87.491
5.231
59,104
20
100,490
8,985
93,035
20
Total.
57.606
64.017
85.907
121.289
151.846
202.510
3 In cases of treason and impeachment the Governor can only
suspend sentence until the next session of the Legislature, that
body alone possessing the pardoning power in such cases. Under
the Constitution of 1777, the same restriction was applied in cases
of murder.
4 He also possessed under the Constitution of 1777 the power
to prorogue the Legislature for a period not exceeding 60 days
in one year. This was once done by Gov. Tompkins, to defeat
the passage of a bank charter, but without success.
6 The first court created a council of rei ision. consisting of tho
Governor, Chancellor, and judges of the Supreme Court, who sat
with closed doors and observed the usual formalities of legis-
lative proceedings. During the continuance of this council it
rejected 144 bills, several of which became laws notwithstanding.
6 The following officers are appointed by the Governor and
Senate: 1 Superintendent of Bank Department, 1 Auditor of
Canal Department, 3 Canal Appraisers, 1 Superintendent of
Onondaga Salt Springs. 6 Commissioners of Emigration. 5 Com-
missioners of Metropolitan Police. 11 Harbor Masters, 9 Wardens
of. the Port of N. Y., 2 Special Wardens, to reside at Quarantine,
1 Harbor Master at Albany, 1 Health Officer at Quarantine. 1
Physician of Marine Hospital and not less than 4 assistants. 1
Resident Physician and 1 Health Commissioner for the city of
Neiv York, i Agent for the Onondaga Nation, 1 Attorney to
Seneca Nation, directors in certain banks of which the State
holds stock according to the amount held, as many Hellgate
pilots, as the Board of Wardens may recommend. 5 trustees of
the Idiot Asylum, 9 trustees of State Lunatic Asylum. 2 com-
missioners in each co. for loaning moneys of the United States,
as many notaries public as the law may allow or the Governor
determine, and such other officers and special commissioners as
are required from time to time by law. He appoints field
officers of regiments and generals of brigades, when such regi-
ments and brigades are not fully organized. Under the first
constitution, almost every civil and military office was filled by
the Council of Appointment, consisting of the Governor and 4
Senators, chosen annually by the Assembly. In 1S21, 8,287
S2
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
may remove, under limitations prescribed by statute, most State and county officers. 1 He has a
private secretary, with a salary of $2000, a clerk and a doorkeeper.
The Lieutenant Governor is elected at the same time as the Governor, and must possess
the same qualifications. He discharges the duties of Governor when a vacancy occurs in that office.
He is President of the Senate, having the casting vote in that body, a Commissioner of the Canal
Fund and of the Land Office, a member of the Canal Board, a trustee of the Idiot Asylum and of
Union College, a Regent of the University, and a trustee of the Capitol and State Hall.
The Secretary of State 2 is keeper of the State archives ;
is a Regent of the University, a Commissioner of the Land Office
and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the
Board of State Canvassers, a trustee of the State Idiot Asylum,
of Union College, of the Capitol, and of the State Hall. He has
specific duties in relation to the publication and distribution of
the laws ; the issuing of patents for land, of commissions, par-
dons, and peddlers' licenses ; the filing of the declarations of
aliens, and the articles of association of companies under gene-
ral laws ; issuing notices of elections, receiving and reporting
statistics of pauperism and crime from sheriffs and county
clerks, and furnishing certified copies of laws and other docu-
ments in his office. He administers the oath of office to members of the Assembly, and other
State officers. His deputy is ex officio Clerk of the Commissioners of the Land Office.
The Comptroller 3 is the auditor of the public accounts,
excepting those payable from the Canal and Bank Funds ; a Com-
missioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund ; a member of
the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, and a
trustee of the Idiot Asylum, of Union College, of the Capitol, and
State Hall. He has responsible duties in relation to the payment
of appropriations made by the Legislature, the collection of
taxes, and sale of lands sold for taxes, the management of funds,
supervision of fire and life insurance companies, loaning of
moneys, and other duties connected with the finances of the State.
He reports annually to the Legislature the condition of the public
funds, the receipts and expenses of the State, the condition of
insurance companies, and upon such other matters as he may from time to time be called upon by
tin- Legislature for information. He has a deputy, an accountant, and about a dozen clerks.
The Treasurer* rcoei ves all moneys paid into the treasury, and pays all warrants of the Comp-
troller. A u< lit' >r "ft ho Canal Department, Superintendent of the Bank Department, and Superintendent
of Public Instruction. He is a Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member
of the Canal 1. mnl and 'if the Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College. He has
a deputy, and two or three clerks.
The Attorney General 5 is the legal prosecutor and adviser in In-half of the State. He is a
military and 0,663 nvil officers held tinder this appointment,
and most of tti-rn at will. Prom I'"-.' to 1 s l'.. tho Governor and
I In addition to molt of tin""' it now appoints,
nil judicial • -n i I Justices, Masters and Examineri In
Chanosry, Bnpi ■• Commissioners, Inspector! tor com-
DMrdal pa i nersol D la, several ity officers,
an'l -| rg.
i B crew and membera of the State Legis-
lator nly. The Governor appoints, on his own
authority. i for. taking acknowledgments of Deeds
in other B( masters, and certain com-
missknters >I i r- I ippointod for ipeclal pnrpo
'T: was formerly Clerk of the Oonncfl of
Appointment mil of the Council "f Revision, and from 1823 to
1- ; - Intendenl ' In colonial times he was
ated i •■ th rown; fr m 1777 to 1822, by the Council of
Appointment; anil fr..m i- by tho Legislature.
» Tlii"» office WM created in lT'.'T. in plum of that of Auditor
General, formed by the Prorii] iti..n: but it was not
permanently organised until 1812. The Comptroller "a* ap-
pointed by the Council of Ap|«ointment until 1822, whin the
r ww changed to tho Utjlslalum and the tenure
Of the officii flxed nt 3 y.ir-.
* Th<i nfWc- of Treasurer, under the colonial cov"rnm»nt and
parh state government, w is a Tory Important one; and
fir tn my years after 1777. the Treasurer was a p po in ted by spe-
cial act from year to year. About the beginning of the present
century, thede&lcatioii of a Treasurer occasioned a revision of
thi' law creating tin- department : and. from his being tho prin-
cipal financial officer ol the government, the Treasurer became
th" most unimportant, ami 1 1 i -> powers wore narrowed down to
the payment of the drafts ol other officers. For many years
previous to 1822 be was appointed by the Council of Revision;
and from L822 i" 1840, by the Legislature. 'J'he accounts of the
I i | orer are annually ruin pared with those of the Comptroller,
Bup i Intendenl of Hunk Department, and Auditor of the Canal
Department, by a commissioner appointed for tho purpose: and
officers thus heroine a cheek upon each other. The. Trea-
surer may be suspended for cause, by the Governor, in the recess
of the Legislature.
6 This office bai existed almost from the beginning of tho
Colonial Government, n was filled try the Council of Appoint-
ment frmn 1777 I" lvj'j. iiml by the Legislature, with a term of
8 years, from 1822 to 1840. The Attorney General originally
attended the circuits of Oyer and Terminer, as prosecutor in
criminal suits, until 1706, When the State was divided into 8
districts, to • eli "i which an assistant Attorney General was
app ilnted, except In New York, where tho head officer
officiated personally. In 1818 each co. was niado a separate
district, and a District Attorney was appointed in each. The
Attorney General still occasionally attends upon important
criminal trials ; but his time is chiefly occupied in civil suits in
which the State is a party.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
33
Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the
Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College, of the Capitol, and Stato Hall. He has
a deputy and a clerk.
The State Engineer' and Surveyor 1 has charge of the engineering department of the
canals and such land surveys as involve the interests of the State. He reports annually the statistics
of these departments and of railroads. He is a Commissioner of the Land Office, a member of the
Canal Board and Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College and the State Hall.
He must be a practical engineer. He is assisted by a deputy and 3 clerks.
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.
United States Courts. — The second of the U. S. Courts comprises New York, Vermont,
and Connecticut. A court is held twice a year in each State by a Justice of the Supreme Court
and the District Judge of the district in which the court sits.
The State of New York is divided into two Judicial Districts, in each of which is held a District
Court. 2 The officers of this court in each district are a District Judge, Attorney, Marshal, and
Clerk. In the Southern District a term is held in each month, at New York ; and in the Northern
District one term is held each year at Albany, Utica, Auburn, and Buffalo, and one term annually
in St. Lawrence, Clinton, or Franklin co., as the Judge may direct. 3 These courts have nearly
concurrent original jurisdiction in all matters in which the United States is a party; and they take
cognizance of offenses against the laws of the U. S. An appeal lies from the District to the Circuit
Court, and thence to the Supreme Court.
State Courts. — The State Courts consist of a Court for the
Trial of Impeachments, the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court
and Court of Oyer and Terminer, the County Court and Court of
Sessions, Justices' Courts, and City Courts.
The Court for the Trial of Impeachments consists
of the Senate and the Judges of the Court of Appeals. Its judg-
ments extend only to removal of officials and to disqualification for
holding office.* Parties impeached are liable to all the penalties
of the civil and criminal laws. This court is a court of record ; its
meetings are held at Albany.
The Court of Appeals, 5 instituted in 1847, is composed of 8
judges, 4 of whom are elected, (one every 2 years,) and 4 of whom are
the Judges of the Supreme Court having the shortest term to serve.
The judge elected having the shortest term to serve is Chief Judge ;
and 6 judges constitute a quorum. This court has power to correct
and reverse all proceedings of the Supreme Court, or of the former
Supreme Court, and Court of Chancery. It holds 4 terms a year
at the Capital; and every 2 years one term must be held in
each Judicial District. Its clerk has an office in the State Hall,
where the records of this and former State and Colonial Courts are
preserved. The State Reporter prepares for the press and pub-
lishes the decisions of the court, copies of which are sent to each
county, and franked, under the Governor's hand, to each of the other States and Territories of the
Union.
1 This office takes the place of that of " Surveyor General,"
which existed under the colony. In the earlier years of the
State Government, numerous and responsible duties were im-
posed upon this officer, under acts for the sale and settlement
of lands, the adjustment of disputed titles, boundaries, and In-
dian claims, laying out roads, and business relating to the salt
springs, reserved village plats, and other State property. These
duties were discharged from 1784 to 1834 by Simeon De Witt,
with great integrity and success.
The Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney
General, and State Engineer are elected biennially at the same
time, — their election occurring on alternate years from those
of the election of the Governor and Lieut. Governor.
i United States JXstrict Courts. — There are two Districts within
this State. The Southern District embraces Columbia, Greene,
Ulster, Sullivan, and the counties South. The Northern Dis-
trict embraces the remainder of the State.
3 The United States has caused or ordered buildings to be
erected in part for the accommodation of these courts at New
York, Utica, Buffalo, Ogdensburgh, Canandaigua, and Pitts-
burgh. These edifices are of the most substantial kind, and
generally fireproof.
* This court has assembled but once. In 1853 it was con-
vened for the trial of impeachment of John C. Mather, Canal
Commissioner. He was acquitted.
6 Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 2. This court takes the place
of the former " Court for the Correction of Errors," and in some
respects fills that of the old Supreme Court and Court of Chan-
eery.
3
34
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Supreme Court. — The State is divided into 8 Judicial Districts, 1 in each of which, ex-
cept the first, 4 justices are elected. The clerks of counties are clerks of this court. It has general
jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review the judgments of the County Courts and of
the former Court of Common Pleas. This court has three distinct branches, — General Terms,
Special Terms, and Circuits. The General Term held by three or more of the Supreme Judges,
including the presiding judge, is an appellate court for the review of cases from the courts below,
and for deciding solely upon questions of law. Special Terms are held by one Supreme Judge,
without a jury, for the decision of equity cases; and Circuit Courts are held by one Supreme
Judge, with a jury, for the trial of issues of fact. At least four general terms of this court are
held in each district every year. Every county (except Hamilton) has at least one special and two
circuit courts annually. A general term of the Supreme Court is held at the Capital in January of
each alternate year, for the purpose of arranging the terms of all the Circuit Courts and Couris of
Oyer and Terminer, of assigning the business and duties of the justices, and revising the rules of
the court
County Courts are held by the County Judge, 2 assisted by two justices of the peace elected
annually for the purpose. The judge performs the duty of surrogate, except in counties where the
population exceeds 40,000, in which the Legislature may provide for the election of a separate
officer as surrogate. 3 The Legislature may direct the election of local officers, not exceeding two in
any county, to discharge the duties of judge and surrogate in case of inability or vacancy in that office,
and to exercise such other powers as may be provided by law.* Judges and surrogates receive a
salary fixed by the Supervisors, and which cannot be increased during their term of office.
County Courts have jurisdiction in civil cases when the real estate, or all the defendants, or all
the parties interested are within the co., and where the action of debt assumpsit or covenant claimed
is not above $2,000, or in actions for injury to the person, or trespass upon property, where the
damage claimed does not exceed $500 ; or in replevin suits where the value claimed is not above
$1,000. These courts have equity jurisdiction for the foreclosure of mortgages, the sale of the real
fce of infants, the partition of lands, admeasurement of dower, the satisfaction of judgments
over $75, and the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. Surrogate's Courts are
held by the County Judge or Surrogate, (in counties where the latter is elected,) and have the ordi-
nary jurisdiction of Courts of Probate.
Justices' Courts are held by justices of the peace, who have jurisdiction in civil suits where
the sum claimed does not exceed $100 in value. 5 They have jurisdiction in criminal cases for im-
■^ fines to the amount of $50, and of inflicting imprisonment in the county jail for a term not
exceeding 6 months. 6
Tribunals of Conciliation may be established, and their powers and duties prescribed
by law ; but their judgments are not obligatory unless the parties previously agree to abide by
such decision. 7
City Courts. In each of the cities and in several of the larger villages are courts of local
jurisdiction organized under special laws. 8
i .V'"' York. State Judicial Districts under lite Act of May 8,
- —
W York.
2. Dutches, Kit Richmond, Rock-
'. SnfMk. i i titles.
3. Albany, Co limit. Bene* 1 eer, Schoharie, Sullivan,
and i
4. f" I ranklin, Fulton. Hamilton. Montg omery,
Saratoga, Schenectady, \Varr<-n, and W.i.-ii-
IneU.n Count
5. Ilerkinvr. JfftVrvm. Iywis, Om-ida, Onondaga, and Oswego
; ti<-*.
6. Br mnngi Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Madison,
Otsego, Bcbnyli r. Tioga, and Tompklni Counties.
7. Cayuga, 1. iroe, Ontario, Seneca, Steuben, Wayne,
an 'I i
8. Allegany. Cattan»\ ranqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara,
Orleans, on 1 Wv n.lnt: f. .tint:
' From 1777 I ppointed by the Oomcfl of
Appointment: and fr"m 1822 to 18*8, by the Qoreraor and
9i mi", i iri" in each co. was styled •• Firt< Judqt :" and a fixed
■umber (subsequently • r» were called Jn
* Surrogates are el^t«l in Alkanv. Cayuga, (.'hantanqna.
Columbia. Dntch-99, Kri-. Jeflenoo, Kin.-- Hew York,
Oneida. Onondaga. Ontario, < iranee. OtaegO, Kcn«**lapr. St. I,iw-
rence, Saratoga, [Hater, Washington, Wyoming, and Ynt' -
f'-'TutUutvm, Art.W. 8 iv bean passed
for this purpose, as follow*: — Sfptcial J why owl Special flharo-
oate in Cavuea. Chautauqua, JeAnon, and Oswego. 1849:
Washington, 1S55. Special Judge in Oneida, Orange, St. Law-
rence, and Tioga. 1849 : Ulster. 1850 ; Chenango, 1851 : Sullivan,
1854; Essex, 1867; and Tompkins, 1858. The term for which
these officers arc elected la 8 years, except in Chenango, Tomp-
kins, and Ulster, in which it i-< 4 years.
'There are 4 Justices elected in each town except Champlain,
Kllishnrgh. Port Ann. Banorer, Harmony. Hector, Lenox. Niag-
ara, Pomfret, and Potsdam, which have each 5, and Brook-
haven, which has 8. Justices were appointed by the Council of
Appoint ni' nt from 1777 to 1*22, and by the Supervisors and
.in l - - from T-J4 to 1S27. since which they have been elected.
6 fit vuei Statute*, Art 1. Tide 4, Chap. 2, Part 3.
I Constitution, Art. VI. s-c. 23.
8 The principal City Courts are as follows: —
In Albany. — A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor. Recorder,
and Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly, or cither
of thrui sinely. It is practically held by the Recorder only;
a (hurt qf Special Buttons, held by tho Recorder or County
Judge, with one OT more .Justices; a Justices' Court, held
by '■'■ .'iHtices elected for the purpose. Two Police Justices
ted,
In Auburn.— Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of the
Peace elected.
In Brooklyn.— The City Court, held by the City Judge: Po-
lice Churls and Justices' Courts, for whose convenience
the city i" divided into 5 districts; a Court of Special Ses-
sions, held by a Justice or Police Justice.
In Buffalo.— A Superior Court, held by 8 Justices; Jus/ires'
and Police, Courts. Eight Justices of the Peace and one
Police Justice elected.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
35
The officers in each county, auxiliary to the judiciary, are as follows : —
TIic District Attorney, 1 who is the official prosecutor in all criminal cases coming before
the county courts, and has general duties in relation to suits in which the county has an interest.
The Sheriff, 2 who is charged with the preservation of the public peace and the execution of
the orders of the courts. He has charge of the jail and prisoners, and appoints as many deputies as
he may deem necessary. lie can hold no other office, and is ineligible to the same office for the
next 3 years after his term expires. He is required to give bonds, in default of which the office
becomes vacant.
The County Clerk, who is made the keeper of the county records. He attends the courts and
records their proceedings, records deeds and mortgages, files papers and documents required by
law to be preserved in his office, and is the medium of communication between State and town
officers. He is the clerk of the Supreme Court for his county. He appoints a deputy, who, when
duly sworn, may discharge all his duties.
Four Coroners, who are charged with the duty of inquiring into the cause of sudden deaths.
Upon being notified, it is their duty to attend at the place where a dead body is found, summon a
jury and witnesses, examine into the causes, and make a written report to the county clerk. They
also have the sole power of issuing writs against sheriffs.
A Register, performing that part of the duties of county clerks relating to the recording of
conveyances and mortgages, is elected in New York, Kings, and Westchester counties ; and each
of these appoints a deputy.
Commissioners of Deeds, to take acknowledgments of deeds and legal documents, are ap-
pointed by the Common Councils of cities in such numbers as they may decide, except in New York,
where the number is limited to 300, and in Syracuse to 12. 3
Notaries Public are appointed by the Governor and Senate for a term of 2 years, and have
authority to demand and accept payment of foreign bills of exchange, and to protest the same for
nonpayment, and to exercise the customary duties of this office. Their number is limited to 400
in New York, 25 in Troy, and in other cities and towns as many as the Governor may deem proper.
Criminal Courts. Courts for the trial of criminal cases consist of the Court of Oyer and
Terminer connected with the circuit of the Supreme Court, the Court of Sessions connected with
the County Court, City Criminal Courts, and Justices' Courts. 4
Courts of Oyer and Terminer consist of a Justice of the Supreme Court associated with
the County Judge and two Justices of the Sessions, (except in New York City,) the Supreme Judge
and two of the others constituting a quorum for trials. This court has original and general
jurisdiction.
Courts Of Sessions are held by the County Judge and two Justices of Sessions. They have
jurisdiction over cases in which the imprisonment in case of conviction is less than ten years.
The inferior City Courts and Justices' Courts have jurisdiction over petty criminal cases.
In Hudson. — A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor, Recorder,
and Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly or singly ;
a Justices' Court, held by 2 Justices. One Police Justice
elected.
In New York. — The Superior Court, consisting of a Chief
Justice and 6 Justices ; the Grurt of Common Pleas, com-
posed of 3 Justices; the Marine Court, composed of 3
Justices; the Court of Oyer and Terminer, held by a
Justice of the Supreme Court; the Court of General Ses-
sions, held by the Recorder or City Judge: the Court of
Special Sessions, held by the Recorder or City Judge with-
out a jury; Police Courts, held by Special Justices in 4
separate districts; and Justices' or District Courts, held
in 6 separate districts.
In Oswego. — A Recorder's Court, held by the Recorder, or, in
his absence, by the Mayor or any two Aldermen ; a Court
of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder. Two Justices
elected.
In Poughkeepsie. — Justices' and Police Courts.
In Rochester. — Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of
the Peace and 1 Police Justice elected.
In Schenectady. — Justices' and Police Courts. Four Justices
elected.
In Syracuse. — Justices' and Police Courts. Three Justices of
the Peace and 1 Police Justice elected.
In Troy. — A Mayor's Court, held by the Mayor, Recorder, and
Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder jointly, or either
singly. Practically it is held by the Recorder ; a Justices'
Court, held by 3 Justices elected for the purpose.
In XJtica. — A Recorder's Court, held by the Recorder: a Court
of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder and 2 Aldermen.
Four Justices and 1 Police Justice elected.
1 By an act passed April 14, 1852, the supervisors may deter-
mine whether this shall be a salaried office, and may fix the com-
pensation. In the absence of such action, the District Attorney
is paid by fees.
2 Constitution, Art. X, Sec. 1. From 1777 to 1S22 sheriffs were
appointed annually by the Governor and Council, and could not
hold the office more than 4 successive years. They have been
elected since 1822.
8 In towns the duties of the office are performed by justices of
the peace. Special commissioners for this service were appointed
in the several cos. by the Council of Appointment under the first
Constitution, and by the Governor and Senate under the Constitu-
tion of 1S21. The Governor may appoint, for a term of 4 years,
any number of persons not exceeding 5. in any city or co. of other
States and of Canada, to take acknowledgments of instruments
or conveyances to be recorded in this State. The consuls, vice-
consuls, and ministers of the U. S. in foreign countries, the
mayors of London, Liverpool, and Dublin, the provost of Edin-
burgh, and persons appointed by the Governor, not exceeding
3 in each of the cities of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Paris, and
Marseilles, may also perform this duty, and administer oaths or
affirmations substantiating proofs to documents requiring to bo
recorded or to be produced in evidence within this State.
4 In 1S29, co. clerks were required to report to the Secretary
of State a transcript of all convictions and the sentences thereon.
The intention of this act was to establish evidence in case of tho
trial of the same person for a second offense, in which the punish-
ment for the same crimes is enhanced in severity. In 1837, the
Secretary of State was required to report a statement of all con-
victions reported under this act, and annually afterward to lay
before the Legislature a like summary. In 1839. sheriffs were
also required to report the name, occupation, age. sex, and native
country of every person convicted, and such other information
as might indicate degree of education, the effect of home influ-
ences, and such other details as might be required. Under the
administration of E. W. Leavenworth, the statistics of crime
3G
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT.
Under the head of the Administrative Department are classed the officers charged with the
general administration of the affairs of canals, of State prisons, of the salt springs, of academic and
c mmon school education, and other public interests, each of which is particularly noticed elsewhere.
It also includes a variety of other offices, the principal of which are as follows: —
The County Treasurer is charged with the duty of receiving all moneys collected by tax, or
otherwise payable into the county treasury, of paying all orders issued by the Supervisors, and of
accounting to the Comptroller of the State for such moneys as are due to the State treasury. He
is required to give bonds ; and in case of vacancy the office is filled by appointment of the Super-
visors until the January following the next general election.
.Superintendents of the Poor have charge of the county poor and of the poorhouses,
unless otherwise provided by law. The Supervisors may elect to have 1 or 3 superintendents. In
several of the counties, special laws exist with regard to this office. 1
Commissioners of Excise are appointed by the County Judge and the two Associate
Justices, except in New York, where the Chief Justice of the Superior Court, the presiding Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas, and the Recorder, have the appointing power. They meet annually on
the third Tuesday of May, to grant licenses for selling liquors and keeping inns under restrictions
fixed by law. This office was created April 16, 1857. Twenty freeholders must unite in a peti-
tion for a license ; and the same person can sign but one petition. Licenses cost $30 to $250
each.
fr m the first reports to. and including, 1854 were published,
which gave the following results: —
.V. V'rk Slate Priinn received from 1798 to 1827 inclusive,
\vr~: died. 765: escaped,25; sentence expiated. 1.262;
I; removed. ."AS : natives of N. II.. 99: Vt., 114;
2: K.I.. llf>: ft.. 391; N.Y.. 2.426; N.J.. 314: Penn.,
234: IM..21: M1..75: Va..69; other States. 43: B.A..S7: W. I..
141; S.A..12; Eng.,247; Ire., 655; Scot., 79; Ger.,58; Hoi.. 22:
Fr., 49; Spain, 6; Italy, 13; Portugal, 6; Sweden, 10; Norway,
2: other European countries, 18 : Africa, 26; E. I., 8; unknown,
152: crimes against the person, 2S0; against property, with vio-
lence, 291; without violence. 4.016; forgery, and against the cur-
rency, 728. Sentence varied from 7 mo. to life, the most being
as follows: lvear, 242; 2 years. 259; 3 years, 581: 3 years 1 day,
278; 4 years. 604: 5 years, 764; 7 years, 820; 10 years. 294; 14
years, 239; life, 603.
Convictions in Courts of Record from 1830 to 1856.
Years.
T. J
Against Prep-
> rty, with
violence.
Against Prop-
1 rt\i. uitUout
vutlence.
*> 5
ill
^- 2 7}
3
6
1
YEAE8.
«3
•2 o
as
1
§■
**.
"So*"* ■»
A Q U
##51
> 4) u
h
III
> G »
Against the
Currency, and
Forgery.
5S
1
"5
1880...
237
101
502
74
144
l.o.'.O
1845...
471
177
467
54
520
1.689
243
08
464
63
94
956
1846...
384
138
471
38
440
1,471
-
-
79
440
60
98
966
1847...
385
132
396
24
408
1.295
362
75
462
61
153
1.113
1848...
437
120
512
33
425
1.527
-•IT
99
355
63
148
869
IM'.i...
.■;n7
150
645
44
404
1.540
--:
92
426
34
287
1.076
1850...
397
199
521
36
410
1.563
316
-■•
379
32
150
963
1851...
409
148
475
49
401
1,482
"
124
477
62
146
1.1 01
1852...
412
22s
4S0
48
434
1,602
296
112
472
42
164
l.OM-,
1853...
•iv;
1N5
573
52
553
1.846
!
116
479
51
186
MIS
1V.I...
432
]S0
591
75
835
2,122
12 •
4: -.7
274
1 ,348
1866...
397
278
586
37
644
1.S42
J $41...
l_l
460
49
427
1,616
1856...
432
248
573
49
212
1,614
i-i
17.'.
604
r.3
i
1,602
1867...
475
350
807
64
15*
1,654
MM
244
78
336
1.570
1858...
436
332
617
90
237
1,712
1844...
• •;
172
489
60
812
1.127
1
fyi the 1712 r., n virtwi in tos. 1682 were males and 180 females.
omberofeontfctiotM reported by sheriffs falls short of that
rk-i for the ohrioos reason thai many who are fined pay
down their penalties and never come Into the Bheriff'e hands.
v"" n i- rti ■! bj ( i-rk - fr.'in 1838 '•■ 1864 raried from 172
■■i annually. Males farm about 94 pel cent, of all oon-
| per rent, of those r
Hli-nff<. and K.i per osni. of thi -•■ Convicted In . "iirti of special
n«. The results of trinl compared with total indictments
have varied In different >. an within the following limits: —
ltati of ooBiiutioni !•• Indictments 608 to 689.
•• aoqnittala " 249 to 380.
" disagreement r.finries 018 to .026.
" o nvict'n* I . •' ivjto.390.
The least number of OOftvietioni reported from 1828 ' i 1866. in
pro portion to population, was in 1884, whan it waf 1 t. 2.444.
greatest number was in 1 ■>!".. whan it was 1 !•• l.'lj.
Funfon*. — The irami^r of pardons granted fr^m 177* to 1854
inclusive, was 8,793; ofwhioh 100 were fr.ni Boat, 100 from fines
and imprisonment, 1,285 from jail* and local prisons, 5,747 fr..m
State prison for term of years, an I 669 fr o m State prison far Ufa,
a whole number, 1,640 were conditioned mostly t.> baring
-fate or U.S.. 807 were restored to rights of citizens. 59 were
respited from capital offenses. The pardoning power has been
exeicised as follows i —
George Clinton 308
John .lay 180
Morgan Lewis 213
Daniel I). Tompkins 1.693
John Tavlor 223
lie Witt Clinton 2.2*9
Joseph C. Yates 291
Nathaniel Pit. her 228
Martin \an lliiren 34
BnOS T. Throop 415
Wm. L. Marcv 834
Wtn. II. Seward 377
Wm. C. Bouck 279
Silas Wright 282
John Young 268
Hamilton li-h 97
Washington Hunt 346
Horatio Seymour 456
Mvron H. Clark 630
John A. King 426
i The salary of these officers, whero there is but one in a
county, is fixed by the Supervisors; but in those counties where
there are 3 they are usually paid for the- time employed.
Albany has n..ne. Chemung.Clinton, Dutchess, Essex, frank-
lin. FulUm. Genesee. //< rlnnnr, .J'f'rson. Montgomery, Orange,
Orleans, Otsego, Putnam, Schenectady, Schuyler, Sullivan, and
Differ, have each one ; and those in italic are appointed by
Supervisors. In early times each town supported its own poor,
and where persons who had not acquired residence became
chargeable, they were sent from town to town back to the place
where they had' formerly resided. A very able report was pre-
sented to the Senate by J. V. N. Yates, Secretary of State, Feb.
9, 1824. upon the subject of the "laws for the relief and settle-
ment of the poor." in which he advised the erection of one or
more houses of employment in each co., in which paupers might
STATE GOVERNMENT.
37
State Assessors. — The object of the office is to collect the necessary statistics among the
several counties to enable the Board of Equalization to equalize the State tax among the several
counties, and fix the amount of real and personal estate upon which the State tax shall be levied.
The Assessors are appointed by the Government and Senate, and hold office for three years.
The Board of Equalization consists of the Commissioners of the Land Office, and the
State Assessors. It meets at Albany on the first Tuesday of September of each year, for the pur-
pose of equalizing the taxes, &c.
be maintained and employed at the county charge, and that
children at suitable ages should be put out to some useful trade.
An act was accordingly passed Nov. 27, 1S24, authorizing the
establishment of county poorhouses. In most of the counties
such institutions were established within a few years. They
were located upon farms, which were designed to be worked, as
far as practicable, by the inmates. The towns in Queens and
Suffolk counties have mostly town poorhouses, and in these there
are no county establishments of this kind. The county of
Albany supports its poor at the city almshouse.
In most counties a distinction is made between town and
county poor, the former including those who have gained a r> ->-
dence; and this distinction may lie made or not, at the option of
the Board of Supervisors. Temporary relief may be extended
in cases where the pauper cannot be removed, or for otb< t
causes satisfactory to the Superintendents. Towns may vote at
town meetings the sum estimated to be necessary for the guppi I I
of their own poor.
The following tables and summaries arc from the last annual
Report of the Secretary of State : —
Statistics of Poorhouses and of the Support of the Poor, for the year ending Dec. 1, 1858.
Counties.
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus ..
Cayuga
Chautauqua...
Chemung
Chenaugo
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston. ...
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery..
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer ....
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence .
Saratoga
Schenectady ..
Schoharie
Schuyler.......
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington...
Wayne
Westchester ..
Wyoming
Yates
Total 7,208.8
u
V
sis
111
183
130
200
96
171.8
175
172
90
2044
118
200
106
154
100
162
86
134
130
65
107
"59
118
172
134
150
120
150
36i
212
267
107
60
170
196
144
125
47
130
200
113
110
126*
200
100
60
100
140
200
174
193
185
111
123
.2 8
HI
$10,000 00
8,000 00
6,500 00
20,000 00
12,000 00
13,000 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
35,000 00
6,800 00
5,000 00
15,000 00
49,091 00
4,500 00
4,639 75
8,000 00
8,000 00
10,000 00
10,000 "60
14,000 00
400,000 00
3,500 00
18.000 00
16,500 00
40,375 16
7,600 00
12,o66"66
8,100 00
16,000 00
21,200 00
25,000 00
10,113 75
4,350 00
15,350 00
10,000 00
29,o6o"66
21.000 00
11,000 00
7,200 00
6,000 00
8,000 00
5,000 00
16,000 "66
10,000 00
1,500 00
6,000 00
6,000 00
9,000 00
2,500 00
12,000 00
7,620 00
35,500 00
5,000 00
5,500 00
$1,059,339 66 $29,484 66
%
:fe
i
6,
$250 00
200 00
200 00
800 00
2,524 00
449 76
250 00
1,000 00
180 00
250 00
3,500 00
200 00
200 00
500 00
600 00
742 90
500 00
1,500 00
200 00
700 00
"35OOO
400 00
l*o6o**6o
1,380 00
700 00
1,500 00
375 00
500 00
"36606
"566 66
800 00
700 00
500 00
300 00
128 00
100 00
""306*66
275 00
"26000
750 00
500 00
500 00
100 00
755 00
325 00
1,150 00
150 00
200 00
e a
$1 02
59
1 12
83
787
894
72
89
1 09
72
90
1 00
70
1 00
42
""662
685
"i"io"
76
2 22
93
74
1 035
70
1 637
81
00
915
68
985
07
14
42
58
48
45
805
737
94
94
77
855
00
00
83
84
72
70
49
50
275
018
801
96
•S3.! 1
243
1,335
160
2,778
4,106
245
109
2,738
565
250
136
1.771
1,292
44
84
112
175
97
21
4,908
1,464
37,730
126
286
2,858
1,063
3.980
8.102
2.460
2.753
1,679
865
747
63
" 555
966
1,881
384
2,931
505
403
57
144
1.535
1,175
56
350
240
99
1,280
82
2.629
1.335
1.312
170
65
$ 90.5 j 103.499
ill
S 3 *
11*3
223
"219
151
312
5,915
223
66
117
48
2,817
1,733
2,830
492
""381
8,578
"'446
206
359
113
453
417
49
1,191
61
To
66
23.205
*<§
ji.
fe «G V
£ S*53
223
1,178
271
3,725
"163
2,585
172
386
'5,915
136
56
66
17
4,656
1,015
29,881
70
4,614
110,822
3,087
7,062
3,538
2,402
1,330
510
3,330
342
36
3,986
1,642
636
2,499
'"868
297
160
1,164
870
225
296
657
148
2,047
'2.332
1,163
207.207
e Si
ill
s*5<
3^
$5,879 68
3,727 01
2,725 44
9,393 21
5,094 65
2,850 48
3,997 33
3,076 02
12.158 15
2.950 52
3,096 93
15,965 09
35.028 73
2,695 47
1.315 79
3.701 44
3.079 68
3,178 46
400 00
7,399 10
6,440 95
146.499 66
3,564 41
4,630 62
6,954 37
18,432 62
9,680 76
351,152 10
5,322 80
13,271 67
10.159 82
6,795 93
9.288 35
3,781 97
5,126 74
4.702 40
1.388 84
22,303 15
16,172 00
9.457 82
3,099 07
6,990 24
7.460 42
7,174 72
2,471 70
3,547 87
3,918 89
4,420 89
12,008 79
3,357 03
3,046 81
3,271 15
6.721 72
1,241 75
4.051 40
8,8S7 78
15,981 09
3,416 02
3,102 80
$884,119 7S
•e s
^ S si.
$2,675 41
8.250 01
6,136 14
16,968 47
5,846 58
6,513 53
1,078 19
6,362 84
"2,422" 61
2,948 62
300 00
20.474 90
2.273 45
1.489 11
922 00
2,192 46
250 00
100 00
15,219 04
11,960 67
32.110 47
561 26
4.094 01
11,781 23
28,815 88
13,330 00
139,731 54
7,552 98
31,298 65
40,384 84
7,065 80
10,755 09
4,140 10
43,199 99
3,974 70
2,590 53
2.287 75
30.754 00
3,496 42
2.417 21
13,914 38
"2*166 49
4,510 44
1,400 00
4.019 73
5,729 07
4,260 00
4.132 93
6,452 06
647 5.1
9.791 36
2,368 92
6.301 49
8.280 36
149 98
620 22
112 69
* 1 S "s »g
S £ I ftl *J
$8,555 09
11.977 02
8,861 58
26.361 68
10,941 23
9.364 01
5,075 52
9.438 86
12.158 15
5,373 13
6,045 55
16,265 09
55.503 63
4.968 92
2.804 90
4.1.23 44
5.272 14
3,428 46
500 00
22.61S 14
18,401 62
178,610 13
4.12.-) 67
8,724 63
18.735 60
47,248 50
23.010 76
490.8S3 64
12.875 78
44,570 32
50.544 66
13.861 73
20.043 44
7.922 07
48.326 73
8.677 10
3.979 37
24.590 90
46.926 00
12.954 24
5,516 28
20,943 62
7,460 42
9.331 21
6,982 14
4.947 87
7,938 62
10,14" 96
16,268 79
7,489 96
9,498 s;
3.91 B 66
16,513 08
3,610 67
10,442 89
17,168 14
16431 0"
4,036 24
3.275 49
$607,271 50 $1,491 391
During the year 1858, 38,582 were admitted, 38,400 were dis-
charged, 1,007 absconded, 849 were born, 2,584 died, and 646 were
bound out.
Supported in Poorhmtse. — Males, 6,219; Females, 7,203; total.
13,422. Foreigners, 6,503 ; Lunatics, 1.S3S; Idiots. 437 : Mutes,
36. Temporarily Relieved. — Foreigners, 58,709 ; Lunatics, 2,408 ;
Idiots, 595 ; Mutes, 52.
38
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Loan Commissioners 1 are appointed in each county by the Governor and Senate, except in
Onondaga, where they are elected. They are paid £ to f- of one per cent, on all moneys loaned,
and are obliged to give bonds and report annually to the Comptroller.
School Commissioners are elected one in each Assembly District, and under certain
circumstances another may be added. They are required to examine and grant certificates to
teachers, visit schools, apportion the public moneys, and report to the Superintendent of Public
Instruction. The Board of Supervisors in the counties have the power of arranging the several
commissioner districts and of increasing the salary of the commissioners above $500. All cities,
and many villages, are under special lavrs -with regard to schools, and are more or less exempt
from the jurisdiction of County School Commissioners. 2
Sealers of Weights and Measures are appointed for the State and for each county and
town. The State Superintendent has an office at Albany, and he furnishes to the several counties
and towns standard sets of weights and measures. 3 The County Sealer keeps the Standards
Children under 16,— Males, 2.770; Females. 3.045. Total, 5,821.
Number of children instructed, 3,219. Average S months in
the year.
yatiritic* of Persons relieved in 1858.
United -
Ireland
Germany
1
Canada
France
Scotland
Total.
108,527
Males.
Females.
T'.tal.
45,174
59.570
104.744
42.212
50,504
92,716
12,601
16.173
2^.774
4.183
32371
7. ".."4
1.995
2.013
4.UHS
1,094
1.995
3,089
1.2' 6
1,068
2.336
134.694 , 241.221
Causes of Pauperism, as far as
ascertained.
Intemperance direct
Children of intemperate parents..
- with intemperate hus-
bands
Total intemperance
Delaucbery
Debauchery of parents..
Idleness
Ticy
Idi'TV
Lunacy
Blindness
pitude
Old age
Total from all causes r
Ma '■
ir..tv,fi
5,133
21,802
543
392
5,582
1.417
-4-1
1.206
353
1.329
I
668
1,948
48.338
Females.
9.164
3440
3.140
86, 'IT
Total.
25.833
8,273
3.140
15.444
37.246
622
1,165
375
767
4,080
9,662
904
2.321
441
872
1.533
2.739
165
518
662
1,991
10,167
_ • 1
447
12115
2,077
4,026
<,■■:■:,
i Tli- Hi >n was made by an act passed April 18,
ill- "f credit to the amount of $500,000, the
•f which «i< apportioned among the counties In propor-
to their inpposed wanut, and loaned by officers appointed
f.r: These bills wi enient denomini
and circulated ai money. They were receivable in payment of
and for some purposes were legal tender. Tliis limn was
i-tiTiL-. at l'"l lows: —
N.v Suffolk....
.. 26,000 I Ister 81,000
Washington :
mono.. 11,260 VTestchi star i
: dnc on the loan "f 1786 .-it the
H10. and the whole was BnaUy called In in
March 14, 17"2. anoth) r was
I among the counties, as t • 1 1 • ■v'. -» : —
I
K . 112250
Allanv
Clinton
C .Innit.ia...
HerUs
I 4.750
"
Snffnlk 24
Clstl r
Washington
New York :
:
Richmond.. 4.750
h. third loan ofMOO/WO was ai
Yi.rk. K ii nd, Suffolk, and
r. in p r opor t ion to the numbi r of their electors. In
of these
further sum of - ami d. U
i una.
In 1860 t!i<' office Of Lou Commlssionei far the It in* of 1702
and 1 - lining in their hands
were transferred to the custody of thi -lorloaning
the .-• Deposit Fund.
The TJ. S. Deposit Fund originated as follows : An Act of
Congress, passed June 23, 1S36, directed the surplus in the trea-
sury on the 1st day of Jan. 1837, excepting 85,000.000, to be
deposited with the several States in proportion to their repre-
sentation. The amount thus deposited was $37,468,859.97. of
which N. Y. received $5,352,694.28. This was apportioned to
the several counties according to population, as follows : —
Albany
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus...
Cayuga
Chautauqua....
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Genesee
Greene
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis _.
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery...
New York
Niagara.
$147
86.
49:
61.
121.
110
42.
100.
51.
li'ii.
59,
84.
124
141
50.
30
144
74
89
l 1 -
23
103
92
39
70
55.
101.
69.
107.48
681.22
698.S1
504.43
113.45
447.53
991.07
337.93
057.58
298.54
491.87
105.51
,810.71
770.83
,951.74
,771.91
.217.01
.272.51
.110.77
.921.*2
.807.24
.501.02
.568.65
.051.(15
174.02
107.12
994.55
508.02
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens ,
Rensselaer....
Richmond ....
Rockland
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga
Schenectady .
Schoharie ....
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan.
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Wa.-hington ,
Wayne
w estchester.
Yates
$33,858.70
40.699.36
93,558.80
98,363.76
29,622.36
96,803.13
93.017.26
95,483.74
48.72S.95
130,679.06
78.910.08
39.613.81
76.534.68
102.747.79
142.079.45
119.038.36
6C4.839.06
65.206.61
190.814.86
149.928.42
100.603.77
111.000.31
56.352.39
94,142.19
124.131.32
28.433.43
61.858.89
136,053.25
s In Vtica and Schenectady the care of schools is intrusted
to "( ommissioners of Common Schools;" in Buffalo and Hudson
the Common Councils are cj- officio Commissioners of Schools;
and in Albany, Astoria, Auburn, Brooklyn. Castlcton. and
Bouthfield, (Clifton,) College Point, East Chester. Flushing,
Jamaica, Lockport, Medina, Newburgh, New York, Oswego,
Port Byron, Poughkeepsie, Pulaski. Il'ihester. Salem. Syracuse,
Troy, Waterford, Westfarms, and Whitestown, Bchools are
under a Board of Education, usually ejected, but in some of the
cities appointed by the Common Council. In most cities a
Superintendent, who is clerk oi the Board, is appointed by the
I ..I Education for the more immediate supervision of
-1 1 Is and inspection of teachers. In Buffalo the Superin-
tendent Iselei '• d.
3 a ('■■null/ Standard consists of —
1. A large balam 1 . 1 ..mpi i-mg a brass beam and scales, with
stand and lew r.
2. A small balance, villi a drawer stand for final! weights.
3. A set 1.1 large brass weights, namely. 5oib..2olb..lolb.. 51b.
4. \ set of small brass weights, avoirdupois, nannly, 41b..
21b.. lib., v.*.. 4i.y... 2oz n 1"Z... [•■/... 4oz.
6 \ brass yard measure, graduated to feet and Inches, and
the first graduated to eighths of an Inch, and also decimally; with
a graduation t" cloth mi asure '>n the other side: in a case.
I - t nf liquid measun - made of copper, namely. 1 gallon,
11. 1 quart, 1 pint, J pint, 1 gill: in a •
7. A si t "t dry measures of copper, namely, i bushel, 1 peck,
i peck. 2 quarts, 1 quart; in a case.
There are also cases to contain the large brass weights and
the ii an packing boxes included, etc. The cost of the set
I.
A T 'in Standard differs in some particulars, ns consisting
Of but "lie medium sized balance, the large weights being of
iron in place Oi brass; die yard measure being a east metallic
square rod, without dei Imai graduation, etc.; and likewise with-
out cases, in general. The cost of the set is $125.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
39
furnished by the State, and is required to have them compared with the State Standard once in 3
years. The Town Sealer is required to examine all weights and measures in use once a year. 1
The Mayors of cities are administrative officers of State laws and executive officers of city
ordinances. They are elected annually, except in Albany and New York, where they hold their
offices for two years.
Tlie Supervisors of towns are administrators of the general laws relating to towns.
Tlie President and Trustees of villages have charge of every thing pertaining to the
welfare of their respective localities within the limits of the charter of incorporation.
Trustees of School Districts are the officers recognized by law to whom is intrusted
the administration of the school laws within their districts.
Turnpike Inspectors are appointed in every county in which there are turnpikes, the
acts of incorporation of which do not require the appointment of special inspectors. They are 3
to 5 in number, and must have no interest in any turnpike in the State.
Plank Road Inspectors are appointed in every county having plank roads. Their duties
are analogous to those of the inspectors of turnpikes ; and they are chiefly intended to protect
the public against the collection of tolls when plank roads are unsafe or difficult to travel from
neglect or other cause.
Commissioners of Highways have the power of directing repairs, laying out and
altering roads, discontinuing old roads, and of ordering new bridges to be built and kept in renair. 2
They must annually divide the towns into road districts, and assign such inhabitants to *vork
upon them as they may deem proper ; and they must deposit an accurate description of all new
roads in the Town Clerk's office for record.
Overseers of Highways, or " Pathinasters," have charge of road districts. 3
1 Tlie statute defines the State Standard of Weights and Mea-
sures to be the same as that approved by Congress June 14. 1 836,
and furnished by the U. S. to the States in 1S42. The set fur-
nished consisted of a yard, sets of Troy and avoirdupois weights,
the wine gallon and the half bushel and their subdivisions.
The unit of length and surface, from which all other measures
of extension are derived, whether linear, superficial, or solid. Is
the yard, which is divided into 3 feet of 12 inches each, except
for cloths or other articles sold by the yard, when it may bo
divided into halves, eighths, and sixteenths. The rod contains
54 yards, and the mile 1,760 yards ; the acre is 160 square rods ;
the chain for land surveying is 22 yards long and subdivided
into 100 links; the Troy pound is to the avoirdupois as 5.7 CO to
7,000, the one containing 12 and the other 16 ounces; lOOlbs.
avoirdupois form a hundredweight, and 2,0001bs. a ton. All
measures of capacity not liquid are derived from the half bushel,
the subdivisions of which are obtained by dividing repeatedly
by 2. Coal, ashes, marl, manure, corn in tho ear, fruit, and
roots, are sold by heap measure.
The Standards now in use do not vary essentially from those
established by the State Government before standards were fur-
nished by the U. S. As formerly defined, the unit of linear mea-
sure was the yard, which bore the ratio of 1,000,000 to 1,086.140,
to a pendulum beating seconds in a vacuum at the tempera-
ture of melting ice at Columbia College. A cubic foot of water
at its maximum density in vacuo was declared equal to 1000
ounces avoirdupois. The liquid gallon to contain 81bs., and the
dry gallon lOlbs., of distilled water at its greatest density and
mean pressure at sea level.
Weights of articles per bushel as fixed by Standard.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
ARTICLES.
LBS.
56
56
44
60
62
60
58
48
48
55
32
60
60
Rye
Salt
Timothy.
2 Roads extending through several towns may be laid out by
commissioners appointed by the Supervisors; and those extend-
ing through several counties are usually laid out by special com-
missioners appointed by law. The commissioners of highways
are required to report annually, at town meeting, their receipts
and expenditures, and a statement of what improvements are
necessary, and the cost of obtaining them. These estimates are
referred to the Board of Supervisors, and assessed as other b >wn
charges. They may summon jurors and witnesses in opening
and closing roads. Roads through improved lands must be cer-
tified as necessary by the oath of twelve respectable freeholders ;
and a like certificate to the contrary is required in closing roads.
Every owner may obtain a road to his land.
New roads cannot be laid through orchards or gardens of
more than four years' growth or use. or through buildings or
yards, and Lnclosures of mills and factories, without the owner's
consent. The law requires the commissioners of highways to
orect mileboards along the line, and guideboards at the crossing
of post and such other important roads as they may deem
proper; and the defacing of these is punishable as a misde-
meanor. Every owner or occupant of lands in any town, and
every male inhabitant above the age of 21. must be assessed for
highway labor. The whole number of days' labor annually ex-
pended in the town must !»■ at least threetimes the number of
taxable inhabitants : and every male inhabitant over 21, except
ministers, paupers, idiots, and lunatics, must be assessed at
least one day. The residue is assessed upon the property of in-
dividuals and corporations. Labor may be commuted at the
rate of 62£ cts. per day ; and the moneys so paid must be ex-
pended in the district.
3 Overseers of Highways are required by law to warn out to
work all persons assessed for highway labor in their respective
districts; keep their roads in order; superintend work; receive
and apply commutation moneys: cause the noxious weeds upon
the wayside to be cut down or destroyed once before July and
once before Sept. of each year ; remove obstructions; and collect
all fines, whether for neglect of work, idleness, or putting up
of gates contrary to law. They may require additional labor, to
the amount of one-third of the first tax. All roads must be
fenced by the owners ol adjacent lands, unless liable, to be over-
flowed by streams, when the overseers of highways must erect,
and keep in repair, good swinging gates at the expense of the
hauls benefitted : and persons leaving such gates open are liable
to triple damages. All rivers where the tide ebbs and flows are
public highways, without special law. Many other streams have
been so declared by acts, and obstructions in such streams and
in highways are punished by fine, notwithstanding a plea of
title. Such obstructions may be abated as nuisances : and the
persons causing them are liable to actions for damage. Persons
owning lands upon roads 3 rods wide, or more, may plant trees
on the roadside adjacent to their line, and may prosecute for
damages to such trees. They may also construct a sidewalk,
with a railing. Trees falling into the road from inclosed lands
must be removed by the occupant within 2 days, after notice by
any person, under a fine of 50 cts. a day. Assessors and com-
missioners of highways are ex officio fence viewers in their sev-
eral towns. In case of fires in the woods of any town, it is the
duty of the supervisor, justices, and commissioners of highways
to order suchand so many inhabitants, liable to work upon the
roads, as maybe deemed necessary, and reside near, to assist in
checking the fires, under penalty of $50, and liability to prose-
cution for misdemeanor, and further fine not over $100 or im-
prisonment not more than 60 days.
Persons aggrieved at the decision of commissioners may ap
peal to referees appointed by the county judge or justices of
sessions. Kings. Queens, and Sum Ik cos. have from an early
colonial period had a road law peculiar to themselves. It differs
by fixing the number of days at twice the number of persons
assi ssed, in granting private roads for limited i» riods, in allow-
ing ruads through guldens and orchards of less than ten years'
use or growth, by allowing appeals to the county judge, and in
a few other minor details. Richmond co. has also a special law,
which requires assessments in money only, to be collected with
the general tax, and the repairs of road- to be let out at public
auction by districts from year to year and to the lowest bidder.
There are many other special laws, chiefly applicable to cities
and villages, but too numerous to mention here.
40
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER
SUMMARY OF THE SEVERAL STATE, COUNTY, AND TOWN OFFICERS.
Total
A'o. in
Stale.
United States Senators
Representatives in Congress....
STATE OFFICERS.
Legislative —
State Senators.!
Members of Assembly
Executive—
Governor
Lieutenant Governor.
Secre ta ry of State
Comptroller
Treasurer
Attorney Genera]
State Engineer and Surveyor-.
Judicial —
Judges of the Court of Appeals"
Justices of the Supreme Court
Clerk of the Court of Appeals..
State Reporter
ADMINISTRATIVE —
/Supt. of Public Instruction...
(Regents of the University'- ...
Supt. <>f Hanking Department.
31 •■■ Prisons
Canal Commissioners
Auditor of Canal Department.
Canal Appraisers
Supt. of Weights and Measures
State Assessors
O TNTY OFFICERS.
nty Judge
Surrogate i in certain counties)
- and Surrogates"
Justices of Sessions
District Attorney
Sheriff .'
Coroners
Treasurer
O-unty Clerk
Commissioners for loaning
moneys of the U. S
School Commissioners^
Superintendents of the Poor....
Commissioners of Excise-
County Sealer of Weights and
Measures.
Public '
Turnpike Inspectors*....
Plank Koad Inspectors .
-
Buperrisor
Town Clerk
ln«p"ct"i-« of Station/
Pi ice
1 •
Collector
n of the Poos*
Oomofai ways...
an Of Highway* '
Poo n d M«.< tern
Town Scaler of Weights and
Mwimti
bchocx vat rami
- *
Clerk
Collector
Librarian
33
32
12S
Tears
in
Office.
Commence-
ment of term
of Office.
33
1
1
19
1
3
3
1
3
3
Ko. in
each Co.
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
2
1 or 3
1
Fixed by
Gov.
3
3
No. in
"1. t'.trn.
1
1
3 to 18
V
1 to5
3
1
lor 2
1 or 8
road 'li*.
Indef.
1
.Vo. in
"jrh ditU
1 or a
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
Indef.
Indef.
2
2
2
March 4.
January 1.
Date of appt.
January 1.
cc
Date of appt.
January 1.
1st Tues.Aug
January 1.
Date of Appt
January 1.
Date of Appt.
Date of Elec
January 1 .
Date of Elec
Sow filed.
2d Tuea. Oct.
Legislature.
Election.
/Gov., Lt.Gov.,
\ & Atty. Gen.
Legislature.
cc
Gov. & Senate.
Election.
EC
Gov. & Senate.
cc
/Gov., Lt.Gov.,
\& Sec. of State.
Gov. & Senate.
Election.
Gov. & Senate.
Election.
cc
{Judges and )
Just, of Sess. j
Supervisors.
Gov. & Senate.
Supervisors.
Election.
cc
See note S.
Election.
Supcrv. A j. p.
Election.
Vacancies
how filled.
Governor.
Special election.
Lieut. Gov.
Pres. p. t. of Sen
Governor.
Gov.,Lt.Gov.,")
& Atty. Gen. /
Governor.
Legislature.
Governor.
Gov., Lt. Gov.. \
& Sec. of State. <
Governor.
Supervisors.
Governor.
County Judge.
Supervisors.
Judge & Justices
Supervisors.
Governor.
Supervisors.
Sped, town meet.
< Buperv. town I
j clerk, & jus. j
Governor.
Spccl. town meet.
Buperv. A -jus.
Bpecl. town meet,
cc
loin, highways.
Justices.
Buperv. & J. p.
Supervisor.
Tiu-tces.
Compensation.
$3,000 and mileage.
$3 per day and mileage.
$4,000 and house rent.
$6 per day and mileage.
$2,500.
S2.000.
$2,500.
$2,500 before 1857 ; $3,500
since.
Ditto.
$2,000.
$2,500.
None.
$5,000.
$1,600.
$2,000.
$2,500.
$2,000.
$500.
Sal. fixed by Supervisors.
Per diem.
Fees or salary.
Fees.
Per diem.
Percentage.
Fees.
Percentage.
Not less than $500.
Per diem or salary.
Per diem.
Fees.
Fees.
Per diem.
Per diem.
Fees and per diem.
Per diem.
Fees.
I
Pi c 'Horn.
Pi rcentage,
Per diem.
Fees.
Fees.
Nono.
• 4 - . nn l 4 -■ ul r Justii • * of S uprem e Court.
* 4 others are 1 acts.
J one in each Assembly district i In certain counties.
/2 inspc and 1 appointed from the next high-
e«t ticket, to each election dist by the chairman of town
- there i- 1 ra b 1 i — t _ if under 600 Inbabitanti :
from 600 to 800; and I I- more if ai».v.- ^m>. j n
town* at ant 600, the rapervi' ml rb-rk i
annually to designate or ri
super visors. Assessors, com] of highways, or overseers
of the poor are not filled within 16 days, the justices may ap-
point ; and, if from any cause there be less than 3, they may asso I
date Justices of neighboring towns in making appointments.
B Towni in Sullivan CO. may have 1 or 3: anil if 1. In- is chosen
annually. Oyster Bay, Oswegatchie,and Wotervliet have 5, and
Bouthold o.
* Town*, may decide upon the number. Manlius has 7.
< In Sen, ca 00. 1 In each town. > See exceptions on p. 36.
* Annual tchool meetings determine whether to elect ~\ or 3.
An, - of local Jurisdiction, not included in the
feregoine; li-t*. are harbor masters, wardens, health officers, and
oiler- connected with sanitary supervision, pilots, wreck mas-
ci-rs. superintendent of Onondaga salt springs, and officers
charged with duties relating to Indian affairs.
PRISONS.
«
For a great number of offenses criminals are sentenced to bo confined at labor for different
periods of time, and the State has provided prisons at several places for the security of these
offenders against law. 1 The principal of these are the three State Prisons, an Asylum for Insane
Convicts, two Houses of Refuge, and several penitentiaries and jails.
The Auburn State Prison is located upon a lot of 10 acres near the center of the city of
Auburn. It consists of the prison proper, containing 800 cells and a large number of workshops,
all surrounded by a high and strong wall. The Sing Sing State Prison is located upon
a lot of 130 acres upon the Hudson, in the village of Sing Sing. It contains a prison for males and
another for females, the latter the only one in the State. It has an aggregate of 1,000 cells and a
great variety of workshops. 2 The Clinton State Prison is situated upon a lot of 250
acres in the town of Dannemora. About 25 acres are inclosed within the walls of the prison. It
contains workshops, forges, and furnaces, and has an aggregate of 390 cells. 3
The general supervision of the State Prisons is intrusted to a Board of 3 Inspectors, one of
whom is elected each year for a term of three years. 4 They appoint all the officers of the several
prisons and renew them at pleasure. 5 The discipline of the several prisons is rigid and uniform,
and all convicts are treated alike, irrespective of their former standing in society or of the crimes
of which they are convicted. The rules for the general conduct of prisoners are rigidly enforced.
In the administration of discipline a leading object is to secure the reform of the criminal and hia
return to society with regular and industrious habits and correct moral principles. 6 All convicts
in health are required to labor in shops by day, under rigid supervision, and without exchanging
words or looks with each other or with those who may visit the prison. They observe strict
Bilence upon all occasions when not addressed by some person allowed the privilege. In passing
to and from the cells, shops, and dining rooms, they march in close single columns, with their
1 By an act of March 26, 1796, John Watts, Matthew Clarkson,
Isaac Sloatenburgh, Thomas Eddy, and John Murray, jr. were
appointed commissioners to build a State prison in New York
City. This prison, styled "Newgate" was located on a lot of 9
acres on the Hudson, at the foot of Amos St. with its principal
front on Greenwich St. It was 201 feet long, and from each
end a wing extended to the river. It had 54 rooms, each for 8
persons, and cost $208,846. It was opened Nov. 25, 1797, and
continued in use until May, 1828, when it was sold. Convicts
were employed in shoe and nail making and other work in
leather and iron, and as carpenters, tailors, weavers, spinners,
and gardeners. A second prison was ordered, in 1796, to be
built at Albany, but the act was repealed in 1797. The limited
accommodations and wretched moral influences of the New
York prison led to the ordering of another prison, in 1816, which
was located at Auburn. The south wing was completed in
1818, and in 1819 the north wing was ordered to be fitted up
with single cells. The prison was enlarged in 1824.
2 An act passed March 7, 1824, ordered a prison to be erected
at Sing Sing. Work was begun May 14, 1825, and the prison
was finished in 1829, with S00 cells, to which 200 were added in
1830. It was finally completed in 1831. The grounds here
occupy 130 acres, and include marble quarries, upon which it
was designed to employ the convicts. The State Hall at Albany
is built of magnesian marble or dolomite quarried and dressed
at this prison. The prison for females is built of rough marble
in the Ionic style of architecture. It stands on elevated ground
and is entirely distinct from the male prison in its offices and
management. Previous to its erection, in 1835-40, female con-
victs were kept by the city of New York at their prison at
Bellevue, at an annual cost to the State of $100 each.
8 Clinton Prison was built, in 1844-45, under the direction of
Ransom Cook, with the design of employing convicts in iron
mining and manufacture.
* These Inspectors must visit all the State prisons four times
a year, in company, inspect their management, discipline, and
financial affairs, keep minutes of their proceedings, and report
annually to the Legislature. They establish rules for the ob-
servance of the officers of the prisons, and may examine
witnesses. One prison is assigned to each Inspector for three
months, and he is required to spend at least one week in each
month at the prison in special charge, and to inform himself
minutely concerning its details. The Inspectors are successively
changed to other prisons. Inspectors can make no appoint-
ments of relations within the 3d degree, and they can have no
interest in contracts. Their salary is $1600. — Constitution, Art.
V, Sec 4.
B The officers of each prison consist of the following : —
1. An Agent, or Warden, who is the principal fiscal officer of
the prison. He receives a salary of $1,250 to $1,500, and is re-
quired to give a bond of $25,000.
2. A Principal Keeper, who has charge of police regulations
and discipline of the prison, and must live upon the premises.
He keeps a journal of every infraction of rules, records, punish-
ments, complaints, &c, and reports monthly to the Inspectors.
Salary, $ .
3. Keepers under the direction of the Principal are appointed,
not to exceed 1 for every 25 prisoners. Salary, $ .
4. A Clerk, who records all commitments and discharges,
keeps the accounts, and reports annually to the Secretary of
State. Salary, $1,000 at Sing Sing and $900 at the other prisons.
5. The Chaplain visits prisoners in their cells, devotes a stated
time each Sabbath to religious services, keeps the prison library,
and allows the use of books, under proper regulations, and is
expected to counsel and assist convicts in the formation of
settled resolutions for reform upon leaving the prison. Through
him they may obtain whatever is allowed of correspondence
with friends. Salary, $900.
6. A Physician and Surgeon, who has charge of the Hospital
and attends at all times when his services are required. Salary,
$700 at Sing Sing and $600 at the other prisons.
7. Instructors, of which there are 2 each at Auburn and Sing
Sing, 1 at Clinton, and 1 at the Female Prison, who give all ne-
cessary instruction to the prisoners in their several occupations.
8. A Store Keeper, who has general charge of the provisions
and clothing and other property belonging to the prison.
9. A Guard, under the command of a sergeant, who are
stationed in the prison and upon the walls to prevent escapes.
The number of privates is 20 at Auburn, 25 at Clinton, and 30
at Sing Sing. They are armed and equipped from the State
arsenals, and are held legally justified if they shoot down
prisoners attempting to escape.
10. A Matron, who has charge of the Female Prison. Assistant
matrons are appointed, not to exceed 1 for every 25 prisoners.
6 Solitary confinement without labor was tried at Auburn in
1821, but with the most unhappy results, and in 1823 the
present system was adopted upon the suggestion of Capt. Klam
Lynds and John D. Cray. Capt. Lynds deserves particular
notice from the energy and firmness with which he brought
his favorite system into successful operation and to a degree "f
perfection scarcely conceivable to one who had ii"t witnessed it.
This plan has been adopted in many prisons and has received
the name of the "Auburn System.'' The labor not required in
the domestic afjiirs of these prisons is hired upon contract to
manufacturers, who put up the requisite machinery and employ-
agents and foremen to superintend the work. Willful violation
of the rules is punished by the [ash, ball and chain, yoke,
strait jacket, shower bath, dark cell, and similar means.
41
42
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
faces turned to the side on -which their keeper walks. Their shops have narrow openings in
the walls, through which they may be seen without the possibility of knowing it. They are con-
fined at night in solitary cells ; and guards with woolen socks tread silently around their cells at
all hours of tbe night. Tbe fare is abundant, but coarse ; and all convicts are required to wear a
costume peculiar to the prison. 1 •
An Asylum for Insane Convicts is located at Auburn, in the rear of the prison. It is
under the general charge of a medical superintendent. 2
The HFeW York House of Refuge, situated upon Randalls Island, near New York
City, is an establishment for the reformation of juvenile offenders. It is partly a State and
partly a city institution. 3 The Western House of Refuge, located upon a farm of 42£
acres in Rochester, is another juvenile establishment of a similar kind. It is entirely under State
patronage. These institutions are under rigid discipline ; and the inmates receive instruction in
the elementary branches of education during certain hours of the day, and are required to labor
during certain other hours. The New York institution was established in 182*1, and receives both
sexes. The Rochester institution was started in 1849, and receives boys only. 4
The Prison Associat ion of r¥ew York was formed Dec. 6, 1844, and incorporated May 9,
1846. It has for its objects the amelioration of the condition of prisoners, whether detained for
trial or finally convicted, or as witnesses; the improvement of prison discipline and of the govern-
ment of prisons, whether for cities, counties, or States; and the support and encouragement of
reformed convicts after their discharge, by affording them the means of obtaining an honest liveli-
hood and sustaining them in their efforts at reform. 5 The association is supported entirely by
private contribution. The members pay $10 annually. The payment of $25 constitutes a member
STATISTICS OF STATE PRISONS.
AVERAGE MM HER OP
a
3
w
p
i ->ncTS.
; ■:
SingSing.
5
6
146
-J
§
664
s
80
1-4-
1,3S7
1840
512
637
76
157
1.3-2
1850
661
661
84
119
1.525
1861
752
723
73
114
1,662
i
788
81
125
1,753
18
763
865
06
186
1,900
1854
747
110
199
l.'.eVI
1
:
016
111
249
2,005
IS
-
101
1,953
1857
678
976
84
278
2,016
TOTAL YEARLY EARNINGS.
$53,456.71
63,021.64
68,737.31
73.494.91
64,986.29
81,150.24
81.994.74
74,948.68
72.763.4S
69,954.08
5>
e
i?
S
*
.s
S
e
$51,652.77
$5,549.46
63,052.83
13,210.97
71,178.99
18,451.95
88,385227
17.664.10
99,380.12
29,736.20
99,082.89
37.207.77
95,345.34
41,674.04
90,904.71
82,372.19
86,440.89
38,100.76
94,940.97
26,882.58
$110,658.94
139,285.34
15s.36s.25
179,544.28
194,102.61
217,440.90
219,014.12
198,225.43
197,305.13
191,783.03
EXPENSES INCLUDING IMPROVEMENTS.
E
s
«o
s
•"1
$66,960.41
56,777.99
71,164.07
8s.546.25
86,291.73
80,516.37
72.417.S2
67.783.15
69.915.46
74,1 si 1.3:.
&5
S3
$97,221.41
81,850.28
95,828.64
79,506.82
85.414.42
12n.sl-.73
136.142.24
116.774.37
100.523.39
109.586.53
a
6
$39,900.98
50.126.47
37,698.97
37.958.13
39,825.20
49.483.14
61.uss.75
48,832.42
55,032.74
47,947.20
$204,082.80
18S.754.74
204.6S6.68
206.011.20
211,531.35
250,818.24
269.64S.S1
233,389.94
225.471.57
231.714.17
Hie surplus expenses of the State prisons are paid from the
Introduction to Natural History
• Until ' charged with crime and proved insane
••■ Lunatic A-ylum at Utica. An acl for
tl ro linn of the present asylum was passed April 13, 1855, and
tbe bnfl ! Dieted m I
• The Sew V rk Asylum is conducted by a close Corporation,
y>n"; ' jers, who serve without pay and report annu-
ally 1 i ncil of New York and to the State Legis-
latnr | the labor of its inmates, an annual
appropriation from the Marine Hospital fund, theater and circus
in the Board of Education, and grants
from tli" ' i'y and -t itc f Sew York. It can accommodate
•■• 1 378; of which num-
girls. Th" former are engaged
in making re i loth, wearing, 4c.; and the
li day 7 hours are devoted to labor,
4i to school, 1 , • : 1" swap, and 1, to recreation.
lUgtia '■/ B " /'iff for 1857.
Crat per capita
Revenue from labor
r in- -1
Avcrag ntion....
I
In last 12 months
Escape- nmg
In last 12 months
! • —
ii and bnildings.
Annual • l; dm I
v. io York. Rochater
$86
$96
81
•> »
$9,119
P ; 11 1
$12,000
75
75
16 mn.
24 mo.
69
14
3
1
97
9
4
131
1
$330,111
$110,000
$42
::■<."■->
general fund. For a fuller accouut of these institutions, see
qfJM w York, Vol. I, pp. 181-188.
The Western House of Refuge is supported by the labor of
its inmates, the product of its hum. and an annual State appro-
priation. It- managers are appointed for a term of 3 years by
the Governor and Senate, and are s" i la--sifled that 6 are ap-
pointed annually. Its rules require hall' an hour mule at labor
and an hour less at school than i- required at the New York
Asylum: and 1" hours are allowed tor sleep. In 1859, 508 boys
were received al this institution, (if these. V2S were employed
in making chains, 171 in making shoes. 37 In making brushes,
7 upon the farm. 20 in the Bewing rooms, and 23 as domestics.
tXhe Condition of prisoners ha < from a remote period enlisted
tho sympathies of the benevolent and led to associated efforts
for their relief, a society was formed in New York, soon after
the Revolution, for the relief of Imprisoned debtors. "Tho
Philadelphia Bociety for alleviating tho miseries of Public
Prisons" was formed over 80 years since by the Friends; and
the Prison Discipline s,,. i.ty of Huston is nearly 20 years older
than that of Similar objects iii New York. The Prison Associa-
tion of New Yoik for some time issued a bulletin railed tho
'■Monthly Record." The female department for somo years
maintained a Homo for the temporary residence of discharged
female prisoners until other means Of support could be fourd.
This association has for several years appointed committees for
visiting canity jails: and the farts reported show abundant
reason for rontinuing efforts for reform in their management.
The aid furnished by tiii- association to discharged convicts
during the last tl repoi ted has been as follows: —
Number of discharged persons aided with isf>4. 1S55. 1856.
money ." 230 439 282
Number supplied with rlothing 131 147 138
Number provided with situations 52 155 112
Total.,
413 741 632
MILITARY.
43
foi life; of $100, an honorary member of the Executive Committee fur life, and $500 a life patron.
A department, consisting of ladies, has in charge the interests of prisoners of their sex. The
managers of the association receive no pay for their services. They usually report to the Legisla-
ture annually; but no reports were made in 1856 and 1858. Office, 15 Center Street, New York.
MILITARY.
The Governor is Commander-in-
Chief of the land and naval forces
of the State. In time of peace the
supervision of the militia and mili-
tary establishments is intrusted to
the Adjutant General, who has
an office of record at the capital,
issues, under his seal, all military p
commissions, keeps a register of 1
the names and residences of the J
officers of militia throughout the State, issues all orders on
behalf of the Commander-in-Chief, prescribes the manner of
reporting from the several subordinate divisions, and reports the M
statistics thus obtained — through the Governor — to the Legis- fi
lature annually. 1 He has the rank of brigadier general; and ^
his assistant has the rank of colonel. The militia of the State a
is composed of 8 divisions, 26 brigades, and 62 regiments, s
embracing 220 companies of infantry, 126 of artillery, 41 of
cavalry, 37 of rifles, and a total of 18,107 officers and privates. 2
All able-bodied white male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45, not exempt by law, are
i OFFICERS OF THE NEW YORK STATE MILITIA.
<
E-i
an
►J
<!
Pi
H
25
W
c
© o
Z JEH
«! 3 B
K « <
a a i
Major Generals
Brigadier Generals
Adjutant General
Assistant Adjutant General....
Division Inspectors (Colonels)..
Brigade Inspectors (Majors)....
Adjutants (Lieutenants)
Inspector General
'Ms
w B *,
S P <£
E 7. w
5°
to
- -
< fa ?-
fh O >■*
63 O
ft to
> n
■*! < B
« <
H w a,
a 7. h
O WO
BO
w <i erf
o b Hi
o; w a.
Egg
B <n
3 B «S
B ta q
m < B
** B -*
g w a.
£ 7. H
5 »p
Commissary General
Assistant Commissary General..
Engineer-in-Chief
Division Engineers (Colonels)
Brigade Engineers (Majors)
Regimental Engineers (Captains)..
Judge Advocate General
Division Judge Advocates (Colonels)...
Brigade Judge Advocates (Majors)
Surgeon General
Hospital Surgeons (Colonels)....
Surgeons (Captains)
Surgeon's Mates (Lieutenants)..
Quartermaster General
Division Quartermasters (Lieut. Cols.)
Brigade Quartermasters (Captains)
Regimental Quartermasters (Lieutenants).
Paymaster General
Division Paymasters (Majors)
Brigade Paymasters (Captains')
Regimental Paymasters (Lieutenants)
I
Aids-de-Camp .
26
1
1
8
23
57
1
1
7
25
50
25
1
7
22
52
1
5
25
38
1
5
21
54
41
r f
ELD
ICERS
££
o
s
>. tn
fe J
7, B
S3.
1-1
s s
©o
Staff
Corps.
Colonels
Lieutenant Colonels.,
Majors
Captains
First Lieutenants —
Second Lieutenants
Non-Commissioned Staff
Company Non-Commissioned Officers, Mu-
sicians, and Privates
/ Sappers and Miners (attached to Engineer
\ Department)
Total
60
60
58
402
379
460
143
15,874
103
18,107
The office of the Adjutant General was- made an office of
record in 1827. previous to which commissions were issued hy
the Secretary of State, under the privy seal of the Governor.
2 In Jan., 1859, the division districts were as follows : —
1. New York and Richmond cos.
2. Kings, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk, and
Westchester cos.
3. Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Saratoga,
Sullivan, Ulster, and Washington cos.
4. Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and
Warren cos.
5. Broome, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Fulton, Hamilton,
Herkimer, Madison, Montgomery, Otsego, Schenectady,
and Schoharie cos.
6. Cayuga. Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca, Tioga,
and Tompkins cos.
7. Chemung, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Steuben, Wayne, and
Yates cos.
8. Allegany. Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara,
Orleans, and Wyoming cos.
The estimated number of enrolled militia, at the beginning
of 1859, was 350,000. Those included in regiments were ah
follows : —
Infantry 7.490 privates, and S.094 including officers.
Artillery ....5.365 " " 5.760 " "
Cavalry 1.590 " " 1-733 " «
Rifles 1,429 " " 1,528 " -
44
NEW YOKE STATE GAZETTEER.
liable to military duty. An enrolment is made annually by the assessors. 1 Militia officers are
chosen by election ; 2 excepting major generals and the Commissary General, who are appointed
by the Governor and Senate. Staff officers are appointed by the commanding officer of the forces
to ■which they are attached. 3 The Adjutant General, Judge Advocate General, Quartermaster
General, Paymaster General, Surgeon General, Engineer-in-Chief, and one Instructor of Artillery
and one of Cavalry to each division, are appointed by the Governor.*
Arsenals. An arsenal is provided for each division of the Militia, and an armory for each
regiment. The general custody and supervision of the military property of the State is intrusted
to the Commissary General, who has his office in New York, and reports annually through the
Governor to the Legislature. 5
' The laws of the TJ. S. exempt from military service the Vice
President, the Judicial and Executive officers of the Govern-
ment of the U. S., members and officers of both Houses of Con-
press, customhouse officers and clerks, post officers and Btage
drivers in charge of mails, ferrymen on post roads, inspectors
of exports, pilots and mariners in actual sea service. The State
exempts, besides the above, persons in the army and navy and
those honorably discharged therefrom, preachers of every sect,
commissioned officers and privates of uniformed companies who
have resigned after seven years' service, and certain firemen.
All others may commute by paying 50 cts. annually, except in
King? and New York c 08. and the cities of Albany and Buffalo,
where the commutation is fixed at 75 cts.
These moneys are paid to the collectors of taxes and applied
to the military fund. — from which the officers and men of regi-
ments are paid, ban $1.25 to $4. according to rank, for every
day's military service. Persons going to, remaining at. or re-
turning from military duty are exempt from arrest upon civil
proc !■-. I'r.-vi ^:- r the act of 1846, the State Contained •"'-".
divi-i n*. 66 brigades, 272 regiments, and 1836 companies, and
numbered 141.436 officers and men. The number of enrolled
militia bad been as follows, at different periods : —
»i
:>.
_:
t
C
:*>
-
{
^
t
6
^ s
1
Total.
1805
74.429
1,700
1.S52
77.982
1-1
86.673
2.619
8,388
92.677
l-i:,
6,364
2.1.'.-
98.905
1820
112,7-X)
6,538
3,132
123
Hrtrsz
ArlilVy.
122,553
WE
r.V'-i
4.432
2.505
646
146.805
1830
12.-"3
5.-14
1.763
188.610
1886
168,786
n.'vis
7.317
1.174
192.083
:v>--j
7. : -',
1-::.100
1845
141.436
9,369
3,849
4.276
162.427
■Under the Constitution of 1777. nearly every military as well
as civil officer in the State receifed his appointment from the
Ooon i •• nt md mostly held during their pleasure.
Tli- I -i "f 1822 introduced the following system, now
In n—:—" Mill* -hall be chosen nr appointed, as fol-
rabalterns, and non-commissioned officers shall
be chosen by the written rotes of the members of tie ir re-
Eleld officers of regiments atai separate
by the w - of 1 1 > • commissioned officers of
the it., battalions; brigadier
, by the field officers of their re-
spective brigade,; major generals, brigadii r generals, and com-
man 1, ittalions shall ap-
point • Iheir respective divi-i.,na. britra'lea.
regi' .. ns."— Qnutituiion. 1S22, Art IV,
Sec. 1: OnuUtutian, Art. M. -
T ^ments and brigades not
fnlb If the former contain less than 8 r mp
the : ! by the I ; and it" the
within the requirements of the law, the I
di'T n n r ds are »i«o appoint d by the Governor. Ciiut.
* Th- itasTof the Commander-in-Chief consists of the A4jn-
caatQeaertil. In< leral, Engineer-
in-Ch - . neral, Quarter-
nw lo-Camp. and Military
Secretary, who severally rank in tl rder here given. The
preod^nre and .- ind non-commissioned offi-
cers in tli« mil llowi: —
L The Crnmander-in-Chi- f. 8. First Lieutenant
2. M il. 9. Sec rid Lii utenant.
3. Brigadier Oei - Dt-M
i ' TjeL 11. 0<iart«-rmn«ter Sergeant.
•'• I itenant Colonel. 1 .' I int.
6, M int.
I 14. Corporal
In earn erade precedence Is giv, n by pri or i ty in date of elec-
tion, or appointment.
* The instructors, with the rank of colonel, are attached to
the headquarters of the division, and hold by the same tenure
as commissioned officers of the line. Instructors and division
engineers must pass an examination as to special qualification
before a board of not less than five officers, convened by the
Commander-in-Chief. Appointments to this office have hitherto
been made entirely from among the graduates of West Point.
6 The Constitution of 1777 ordained that a proper magazine
of warlike stores, proportionate to the number of inhabitants,
should be established in every county of the State; but this pro-
vision was never fully carried out. An arsenal was built at
New York at an early period, and another at Albany soon after,
the latter on the site purchased for a State prison. Under an
act of Feb. 12, 1808, entitled " An Act for the defense of the
northern and western frontiers," and by subsequent acts, arse-
nals were erected at Canandaigua, Batavia, Onondaga Hollow,
Rome, Watertown, Russell, Malone, Plattsburgh, and Elizabeth-
town.
The arsenal at Plattsburgh was burned in 1813 or '14, and the
one at Rome, which occupied the present site of St. Peter's
Church, was burned with its contents a few years since. Neither
has been rebuilt. In 1844 the State leased of the city of Buffalo
a market building on Batavia St. for an arsenal. Magazines
were also located at New York, at Albany, and on Staten Island.
In 1850 these arsenals were mostly ordered to be sold, together
with such arms and other property as had become unserviceable
for military purposes. An arsenal occupying the site of an old
powder magazine of the Dutch, between Center, Elm, Franklin,
and White Streets. New York, was authorized to be sold in 1844,
and a new one was directed to be built. The site was purchased
by the city for §30,000, and a new city armory was built, on the
corner of White and Elm Streets. In 1S08 the city of New
York conveyed to the State a tract of ground upon Fifth Ave-
nue, between Sixty-Third and Sixty-Fifth Sts., upon which a
magazine was erected. In 1S44 the Legislature authorized a
new arsenal to be erected on these premises with such moneys
as might be paid by tho U. S. for the military works upon Staten
Island. The sale 'was completed in April. 1847, for $37,284.87,
of which §33,284.87 was applicable to the arsenal. The work
was commenced, but in March, 1848. was suspended by the
Commissioners of the Land Office, to whose charge and that of
the Commissary General the wnrk had been intrusted. It was
alleged that the latter officer had expended motny.s mo.-t un-
warrantably; and subsequent observation has proved that the
structure was unfit fur this or, in fact, for anv other purpose. —
A^rmhhi !>.,.. ls.Mi. No. 141. S, mil, Doc. 1848, No. 54.
In laying out the Central Park, the pn miscs consisting of 152
building lots, valued in 1858 at 8286,000, were included in the
proposed Improvement, and an net was passed. April 15, 1857,
under which this property, which the State purchased in 1808
for $700, was conveyed back to the city for §275.000. Of thin
sum §10<i.o<><> was mad" applicable t" the erection <>f an ar-
senal at New York; (48,000 for an arsenal at Buffalo; §40,000
for an arsenal in Brooklyn; $25,000 for the improvement of the
arsenal at Albany and the erection of an armory; §17,000forthe
purchase of the U.S. arsenal at Home: §14.000* for an arsenal at
Corning, and for armories; $5,000 at Rochester, $5,000 at Troy,
|4,000 al Auburn. $4,000 at B J mouse, $4,000 at Utica, §3.000 at
Ballston Bpa, $3,000 at Dunkirk. $8,000 at Ogdensburgh, $.3.000 at
i IswegO, and $3,000 for the pun base of astono fort in Schoharie
for an armory. "The arsenal In Albany, by act of April 17, 1858,
was exchanged with the city for a site on Hudson and Eagle
Btreeta, and $6,000 toward an arsenal and armory buildings,
which were .reeled in 1868-69. During the summer of 1858,
buildings at Albany. Auburn, l'.allston Spa. Brooklyn, Corning,
Dunkirk, New York, ngdenxburgh, and Syracuse were put under
id and finished, "r far advanced, the same year. The stone
fori or , buroh at Schoharie was purchased, but no steps were
taken for the erections authorized at Troy. Rochester, Oswego,
and 1'tioa. The DOW arsenal built at MOW York in D.'.s was
i on Beventh Avenue, corner of Thirty-Fifth St., and was
nearly completed, when the roof fell, on the morning of Nov.
. greatly injuring the building.
Host ot the -trnetures erected under this act are of substantial
workmanship and elegant architectural Style, They were built
under the direction ot commissioners appointed by law. When
completed, they will be placed in charge of the Commissary
d. who also attends to the safe keeping of arms and
MILITARY.
45
The fortifications within the State are owned and supported by the United States
although several of them were built by the State of New York under an arrangement for the settle
inent of the Revolutionary debt. 1
military equipments belonging to the State,
in New York.
He keeps his office
Summary of the ordnance arms in the hands of the troops and
in the arsenals of the State on the 1st day of January, 1859.
Six pounders 101
Nine pounders 3
Twelve pound howitzers 5
Twenty-four pound how-
itzers 7
Mountain howitzers 13
Flint muskets and bayo-
nets 671
Percussion muskets and
bayonets 11,975
Flint rifles 563
Percussion rifles 1,365
Flint pistols 114
Percussion pistols 2,254
1 In Feb. 1801, there was due
the United States, on account
Musquetoons 222
Carbines 340
Cavalry sabres 1,337
Artillery sabres 1,188
Artillery swords 1,344
Cartridge boxes and
plates 10,744
Cartridge box belts and
plates 10,813
Bayonet scabbard belts
and plates 9,890
Waist belts and plates... 9,258
Cap pouches 7,155
Pistol bolsters 1,553
from the State of New York to
of Revolutionary expenses, the
sum of $2,074,846. An Act of Congress, passed February 15,
1799, allowed any State to discharge its debt by payment into
the treasury before April, 1800, or by expending a like amount
within five years in the erection of fortifications. New York was
the only State that chose to extinguish itB debt by era Una
defenses upon its own soil; and a committee of Congress reported
in February, 1801, that no other States had shown any disposi-
tion to pay the balances reported against them. The amount
credited to New York was $891,129.31, and the remainder of
the indebtedness was subsequently released. — American Slate
Papers, Finance, I, 697.
Tho amount of moneys reduced to specie value received by, or
paid to, the State of New York from the beginning of the Revo-
lution to April, 1790, was as follows, in dollars : —
Received from State $1,545,889
Paid to State 822,803
A descriptive and historical notice is given of the several forti-
fications in the localities where they occur. The latest official
summary that has been published, dated in 1851, is given
below: —
United Stales Fortifications.
Forts.
Fort Schuyler
Fort Columbus
Castle Williams....
South Battery ,
Fort GibBon
Fort Wood
Fort Richmond....
Fort Tompkins....
Battery, Hudson...
Battery, Morton...
Fort Lafayette
Fort Hamilton
Fort Montgomery,
Fort Ontario
Fort Niagara
Fort Porter
Location.
Throggs Neck
Governors Island
Ellis Island
Bedloes Island
Staten Island
Reef, near Long Island..
Long Island
Rouses Point
Oswego
Mouth of Niagara River
Black Rock
"S
a
a
£
£
1833
1831
1831
1831
1845
1841
1844
1841
1847
1841
1846
1841
1846
1812
1824
1841
1839
1840
1842
!
1,250
800
80
350
-1,000
370
800
500
300
300
300
"fe.
^.
318
105
78
14
15
77
140
64
50
9
76
118
164
30
21
64
.1*
Sj
$873,013
269,467
5,096
245,689
505,808
20,081
3,508
348,573
634,752
411,497
83,013
84,027
150,000
1 &
a 5. S
$848,013
259,467
5,096
213.000
205,606
20,081
3.508
341,941
614,752
187,355
78,013
59,027
116,500
8 8, .
ill
$25,000
"i'6,000
32,689
300,202
6,632
20,000
224,142
5,000
25.000
33,500
„ i 5
$225,040
103,749
79.332
12,184
18,672
76.540
124,302
59,209
57,060
10.665
75.778
86.757
132,384
18.610
12.961
51,208
The forts on Staten Island are being rebuilt on an extensive
scale. Fort Schuyler, on Throggs Neck, has since been finished,
a site purchased for a fort at Wilkins Point, directly opposite,
and an immense fortress has been commenced on Sandy Hook,
for the more effectual defense of New York Harbor. These
works will effectually defend the approaches to New York by
water, but would not prevent an attack by land should an
enemy effect a landing upon Long Island. To guard against
this, it has been proposed to erect a line of redoubts across the
island from Wilkins Point to Fort Hamilton at such intervals
as would secure this object.
The General Government has appropriated large sums of
money during many years to the construction of a floating battery
for the defense of New York Harbor. It is building at Hoboken,
and is said to be nearly completed. It is of iron, of great strength
and thickness, with its outer deck oval, and every part proof
against cannon ball. It is to be mounted with heavy guns and
propelled by steam. No official account of its construction has
been published ; and, for obvious reasons, the details of its plan
are kept secret. It is reported that it has a capacity to accom-
modate 3000 men, with the necessary supplies of fuel and
military stores; and it is thought that of itself it might oppose
an effectual barrier against the approach of a hostile fleet in any
passage which it might be brought to defend. This mighty
engine of war was planned by the late John C. Stevens.
The other military establishments of the National Government
in New York are, —
The Military Academy at West Point.
The Navy Yard, Dry Dock, Naval Hospital, and Labo-
ratory at Brooklyn.
The Arsenal at Watervliet for the manufacture of gun car-
riages and other heavy furniture of artillery for the field
and fort.
The Arsenal of Deposit, at Rome.
Plattsburgh Barracks.
Madison Barracks, at Sackets Harbor.
Buffalo Barracks.
A few years after the last war with Great Britain, a military
road was surveyed and partly opened by the United States from
Plattsburgh to Sackets Harbor ; but this work from the first haa
been kept in repair by the towns as a common highway.
Fort Montgomery is the only work now under construction
on the northern frontier. The Canadians have the following
fortifications adjacent to New York : —
Fort Wellington, at Prescott, erected in 1812-15.
Fort Henry, at Kingston, with several Martello towers and
batteries, for the protection of the harbor and town and defense
of the north channel of the St. Lawrence. They were partly
built in the War of 1812-15, and partly in 1837-40. Fort Carl-
ton, now within the United States, commanded the south chan-
nel, and portions of the work, executed a century ago, (and since
the Revolution entirely neglected,) might still be made available
upon short notice.
Fort Massasauga, at Niagara, directly opposite the American
fort, is of modern origin.
Note.— By the Militia Regulations of this State, the device at the head of this article is borne upon buttons and other insignia
worn by military officers.
LANDS.
The absolute property of all the lands in the State is vested in the respective owners, liable only
to escheat and to the reservation of gold and silver mines in such as derive title from Colonial
patents. 1
The law prohibits the leasing of agricultural lands for a longer period than twelve years. 2 The care
and sale of lands belonging to the State are intrusted to the Commissioners of the Land Office.
These commissioners have also the sole right of dealing with the Indians for the sale and surrender
of reservations, excepting within the territory whereof the pre-emptive right of purchase was ceded
to Massachusetts and is now held by the Ogden Company.
Tiie Commissioners of the Land Office were created by an act of May 11, 1784,
to carry into execution the promises of bounty lands for Revolutionary services which had been
made by the Legislature in 17S0. As now formed, this Board consists of the Lieutenant Governor of
the State, Speaker of Assembly, Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney General, and
State Engineer and Surveyor. The Deputy Secretary of State is ex officio Clerk of the Board, and
the meetings are held in the Secretary's office, upon the call of the Secretary of State.
When State lands are to be sold, they are first surveyed, appraised, and advertised for sale at
auction, and their minimum bid affixed. The lots that remain without a bid are liable to be taken
by the first applicant upon payment of one-fourth of the price and giving bonds for the residue.
If they remain unsold any considerable time, they are re-appraised and offered at a lower rate. 3
The lands under water in the bays around Long Island are in most cases the property of the
townships, by virtue of original patents; and the privilege of fishing and taking oysters and clams
is by sonic towns held as exclusively belonging to their inhabitants. 4
l The Dntcb Government sometimes granted lands in the
y without the formalities of Indian purchase; but it was
thenileol the English to fir-t extinguish the aboriginal title.
It was customary to apply to the Governor and Council for
leave to purchase. If granted, a treaty was held and an Indian
deed obtained, a warrant was issued to the Surveyor General
tor a survey, and the map and field notes were reported. The
Attorney General was then directed to prepare a draft of a
at, which Was submitted to the Governor and Council, and.
if approved, was engrossed upon parchment, recorded, sealed.
and issued. The fees incident to procuring a patent were im-
portant sources of revenue to the officers concerned. Only 1.000
acn - could be granted to one person; but this rule was evaded
great numbers of merely nominal parties; and
Doers through wlm.se bauds the papers passed were often
i. . Ij intei rted in the grants. The Colonial Government in
tlii- i Bdtogly corrupt, and stood greatly in
reform like that wrought by the Revolution. In a
few rant- 'if laud v.'i" mad'- directly by the
crown, and nor rds appear in >>ur offices. Of this class was
the Royal Grant to 8li Win. Johnson, s. of the Mohawk.
Pal ts for laud w.f.- generally very formal, and abounded In
The grants were "in Ii i and common socage," as
in the manor of East Greenwich, in the co. of Kent, and in-
ducted with the laud all "houses, m — oages, tenements, erec-
tions, an I buildings, mills, milldams, fences, inclosnres, gardens,
ir 9. common of pastures, meadows,marshes,
Is, underwoods, timber, trees, rivers, rivu-
uns. water, lakes, ponds, pools, pits, brachen,
crnan minerals, (gold and silver [wholly or in part
..-. harb ts. highways, e tsements, tubing, hunt-
tog, nil fowling, and all other franchisee, prints, commodities,
and appuri ' This enumeration of rights,
more ri varied was embraced to all bind patents. Colonial
lltl mi d t . the annual payment ol B
qaUr lace n uned in the patent. This
lue in in i ii. -n in wheat or
ithi rs were condition d to the payment ol
ly nominal article, as simply an
acknowledgment of the rap riot rights of the grantors, The
quitrvnts formed an lm| T revenue, and. after
the Revolution, bet una due to the SI tte In 1786 it was pro-
i that lands subj ats might bo released upon
ment of ■man, and 14 shillings to every shilling ol the
aiinn ii •'.' smonnts of land upon which arrears of
UUllNUlS bad tOCOJnnlat Id from time to time; and
Intervals for the regu-
until 1824, when an act was passed for the
final sale of nil tends whl b bad n ■< b i n released by commuta-
tion ot remitted bylaw. Bn b tends as then remained unre-
re allowed to b y paymi ol ol 12 60 |
' shilling sterling due. The last sale t.-.k place in March, 1826.
The srrean for quitrcnts. then ■monntii 80, weToin
1819 taken from the general fund and given in equal portions
'.o the Litrature and School Funds.
46
2 This feature was adopted to prevent the recurrence of anti-
rent difficulties. The Legislature, in 1846,. enacted n law pro-
viding that all lands previously rented for a life or lives, or for
more than 21 years, should be taxed as the personal property
of the persons receiving the rents, to an extent equal to a sum
that at legal interest would produce the annual rent. Such
taxes were made payable in the cos. where tne lands lay: aud
this unpleasant encumbrance has largely contributed to reduce
the amount of lands thus held.
3 Unappropriated lands in the counties of Clinton, Essex,
Franklin, Hamilton, Montgomery. Saratoga, St. Lawrence.
Washington, and Warren may he sold by the commissioners in
quantities of not less than 160 acres, if already surveyed, at such
price as they may be found worth. If over 1.000 acres, they
may be surveyed" and sold for their value, and may not be
assessed ai a higher rate for live yi irs. Lands Bold under fore-
closure of loan mortgages are bid in by the Loan Commissioners
if liable to go for less than the sum due. They arc then sold
by auction, or otherwise, for the best interests of the Slate,
under the regulations above stated. Land under water may be
conveyed by the Commissioni rs ol the Land Office, under regu-
lations fixed by tew. Notice of application for such grants
must be advert iseil for six weeks in the co. newspaper where the
lands lie. and posted on the courthouse door. These notices
must describe the adjoining lands and give the names of their
owners. Applicants must make affidavit that they intend to
appropriate r i j lands applied for to commercial purposes. The
co. judge, or supervisor and town clerk, or two assessors of the
town where the land- lie, must make affidavit that the land is
not more than is net es-ary lor the purposes of commerce, and
that the persons applj Ing an believed to be bonafid* applicants
for the put i I. Applicant- must also produce an accu-
rate map of the proposed gram and the adjacent lands owned
bj them, certified by the oath of a Btirveyor ; and also a correct
description In writing With rourses and distances, and the
soundings for every 60 feel on the exterior line. The map must
Show the general cours' of the shore for a mil" each way. and
the particular coin-., at tin, point apple d for. an. 1 include all
do ks, bulkheads, or oilier Improvements, the names of owners
of land- adjoining, find the width of the I hannel Or river if less
than two miles. The deduct ion of title and proof that the lands
belong to tie- Btate must also be produced, with claim of owner-
ship by the applicant, Or by himself and those under whom he
claims. The patent U conditioned to occupation in the mode
d upon within years, aid the fees are $5.00. Grants
under the wntei Bof navigable rivers and lakes can only be made
to the owners of the land along the shores: and the com-
missioners are restriete.l in their powers so far as r> lap ■,- lo
New York City and the Hudson River R. I!.
< Around Bl iteo I land the owners of the shores possess the
right of using or ]■ a-ing the adjacent lands under water fir
planting oysters. The custom of granting lands under water
without the restrictions hero enumerated has led to serious
l DcroachmentS upon the harbor of New York, the details o f
which are stated on pages 418, 419.
LANDS.
47
The public lands are greatly reduced in quantity, and belong to the several permanent funds to
which they have from time to time been granted. 1
Gospel iind School L,ands. — Under an act of 1782, a lot of 400 acres was to be reserved
in each township of the Military Tract for the support of the gospel, and two lots of 200 acres for
schools. 2
In each of the Twenty Towns of the Chenango Tract a lot of 250 acres (usually Lot 45) was
reserved for the gospel, and another (Lot 40) of like extent for schools ; but these lots were sold
with the lands, and the Canastota Tract, in Sullivan and Lenox, adjoining Oneida Lake, was
in 1805-08 given in lieu, and apportioned among the Twenty Towns. 3
In each of the Ten Towns on the St. Lawrence a mile square (usually Lot 55) was granted for
gospel and schools, and in some towns was applied in early years to both these objects.*
Besides these grants for schools by the State, land proprietors have in some instances conveyed
certain lots for this purpose, to encourage settlement. In nearly every instance these lands have
been applied for the benefit of the original townships within which they were granted, and in
their subdivision the local school fund has been equitably divided. Other lands were subse-
quently granted, as elsewhere noticed ; and in 1822 the Constitution gave all the public lands
not specially appropriated to the school fund. 5
1 The quantity now owned forms about 4J per cent, of that
held in 1823, and compares between the two periods as
follows : —
Jan. 1, 1823. Jan. 1859.
Lands belonging to the School Fund 991,659A. 9,463 A..
" " Literature Fund 17,946" 640"
" " Canal " 129,769" "
" " General " " 39,269"
" « Salt " " 209"
Total 1,139,374 " 49,581 "
2 These lots were designated by the supervisors of Onondaga
and Seneca cos., under acts passed in 1796 and 1808, as follows : —
Gospel and School Lands of the Military Tract.
"BW
Original Town-
3
ship AND ITS
Numbers.
11
1^
Present Towns sharing in Profits
of School Lot.
9
100
1. Lvsander....
Lysander and part of Granby.
2. Hannibal....
5
14
Hannibal, Cicero, parts of Os-
wego City, and Granby.
25
89
Victory, Ira, and parts of Con-
quest and Cato.
87
58
Brutus, and parts of Sennett,
Menfz, Conquest, and Cato.
6. Camillus....
72
15
Camillus, Elbridge, and Van
Buren.
14
16
Clay and Cicero.
74
18
De Witt and Manlius.
60
36
Owasco, Fleming, Auburn, and
parts of Aurelius, Sennett, and
Mentz.
9. Marcellus...
22
19
Marcellus, Skaneateles, and parts
of Spatford and Otisco.
67
30
Pompey, Lafayette, and part of
Otisco.
11. Romulus....
50
55
Romulus, Varick, Fayette, and
parts of Seneca Falls.
1
fffi
Scipio, Venice, and part of
Niles.
13. Sempronius
52
25
Sempronius, Moravia, and part
of Niles.
14. Tully
76
69
Tully, Preble, Scott, and parts of
■Spafford and Otisco.
3
36
Fabius and part of Truxton.
16. Ovid
30
23
Ovid, Lodi, and Covert.
17. Milton
24
56
Genoa and part of Lansing.
18. Locke
15
"4
34
85
Homer and Cortlandville.
20 Solon
22
41
Solon and part of Truxton.
Hector.
21. Hector
1
6
22. Ulysses
5
24
Ulysses, Enfield, Ithaca, and part
of Lansing.
29
63
Dryden.
24. Virgil
36
20
Virgil.
25. Cincinnatus
53
49
Cincinnatus, Freetown, Mara-
thon, and Willet.
78
79
Junius, Tyre, Waterloo, and part
of Seneca Falls.
27. Galen
45
73"
33
88
28. Sterling
Sterling, Butler, Wolcott, Huron,
and Rose.
8 In each of the following townships a lot of 640 acres was
reserved for schools, viz.: — Fayette, now Guilford, and part of
Oxford; Clinton, now Bainbridge, Afton, and part of Coventry;
Greene, now parts of Greene, Smithville, and Coventry: Warren,
now parts of Colesville, Sanford, and Windsor; Chenango, now
parts of Port Crane, Conklin, Colesville, and Windsor; Sidney,
now parts of Binghamton and Vestal ; Randolph, now parts
of Sanford, Windsor, and Conklin; and Hambden, now parts
of Vestal, Owego, and Nichols.
4 In Plattsburgh 640 acres was reserved for the gospel, and
460 for schools; and in Totten and Crossfield's Purchase 16 lots
of 640 acres each. The latter have been selected under the
Sackets Harbor and Saratoga R.R.Grant. In Benson Town-
ship (Hope and Lake Pleasant) 4 lots of 160 acres each were
given for schools and literature.
6 The lands of the school fund were, Jan. 1809, as follows : —
4,270 acres in Hamilton, 2,861 in Essex, 1.0S0 in Clinton, 350 in
Wayne, 105 in Schoharie, 75 in St. Lawrence, 30 in Washing-
ton, 28 in Oneida, 25 in Fulton, 16 in Montgomery, 12 in Her-
kimer, 6 in Dutchess, and 5 in Onondaga cos.
Literature Lands have been reserved as follows : — 1 mi. square
in each of the townships of Fayette, Greene, Clinton. Chenango,
Warren, Sidney, and Hamden. Townships 1, 4, 5. 8, 13. 14,
17, 19, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, in Totten and Crossfield's
Purchase. Lot No. 56 in each of the Ten Towns of St. Law-
rence co. A lot of 550 acres (less 50 for survey) in each of tho
28 towns of the Military Tract. These lots were appropriated
as follows : —
Military Tract— Townships 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, and
20, to Union College.
Township 13, to Oxford Academy, Chap. 112, Laws of 1800.
5,
" Pompey
a
it
119,
a
1S13.
3,
" Cayuga
tt
a
71,
tt
1S14.
1,
" Onondaga
tt
a
200,
a
1814.
19,
" Cortland
U
a
10,
tt
1822.
28,
" Auburn
a
tt
2f36,
tt
1S25.
22,
« Ithaca
tt
tt
30S,
tt
1S25.
• Exchanged for No. 17 by Chap. 177, Laws of 1812.
The remainder were sold for the benefit of the Literature Funtf
Clinton Township, granted to the town of Jericho, Chap. 3,
Laws of 1822. All other townships in Broome and Che
nango cos. were sold for the benefit of the Literature Fund '
Ten Towns in St. Lawrence Co. — In Potsdam, granted to St.
Lawrence Academy, Chap. 148, 1816. In Canton, granted
to Lowville Academy, Chap. 134, Laws of ISIS. The re-
mainder, was sold, and $1,000 given to Middlebury Aca-
demy in 1823 ; $1,000 to Redhook Academy in 1824 : $2,500
to St. Lawrence Academy in 1S25; and the remainder
passed to the Literature Fund.
Totten and Crossfield's Purchase. — 10,240 acres absorbed by
S. H. & S. R. R. In Benson Township, 4 lots of 160 acres
each remain unsold. Of the unsold lands of the State in
Jan. 1859, there were 39,269 acres ; of which 19.020 are in
Clinton, 5.133 in Hamilton, 5,111 in Essex, 4.728 in Frank-
lin, 1,643 in Warren, 1.147 in Delaware, and the same in
Erie, 780 in Herkimer, 212 in Cortland, 175 in Seneca, 116
in Sullivan, and 57 in Washington cos.
Tlu Salt Springs Lands are, by Article 7, Sec. 7 of the Consti-
tution of 1846, declared as belonging inalienably to the
State, and compriso the grounds upon which salt is manu-
factured, whether by solar evaporation or artificial heat.
The Commissioners of the Land Office may sell, under au-
thority of law, certain portions for the purpose of pur-
chasing other lands, so that the amount shall not be dinii
nished. Since 1846, 114.S5 acres have been sold, fo»
$153,039.50, and 543.12 acres purchased, for $154,161.79.
48 NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
With certain, exceptions 1 all property, both real and personal, is liable to taxation whether
owned by individuals or corporations. Real estate is taxed in the town where it lies, unless
adjacent to lands of the same owner or occupant in another town where he resides.
Personal property is taxed where the owner resides, and corporations in the towns where their
property lies. Stocks of corporations are taxed to the company and not to the holders. Property
may be sold for the payment of taxes, and lands upon which the taxes remain unpaid are returned
by the co. treasurers to the comptroller, and so much of each parcel is sold at stated periods, as is
necessary to pay the taxes, interest, and charges that accrue thereon. 2
The pre-emptive title to the lands of the State w. of a meridian passing through the 82d mile-
stone on the Penn. line, was conveyed to Massachusetts, (except a mile strip along the Niagara,) at
a convention held at Hartford, Dec. 16, 1786. These lands amounted to about 6,000,000 acres.
Ten towns of 234,400 acres, in Broome and Tioga cos., called " The Massachusetts Ten Towns," were
also conveyed at the same time.
Large tracts of land remained in possession of the government when it became a State. These
and other portions derived from forfeitures, escheats, tax sales, Indian purchases, and foreclosure
of loan mortgages, have been sold in small parcels, as parts of large tracts, having a general name
and system of survey. Sometimes as many patents have been issued for these tracts as they had
lots, and in others many lots have been conveyed to the same person.
The largest grant ever made by the State to citizens was that of Macomb's Purchase, in Frank-
lin, St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Herkimer, and Oswego cos. It embraced 3,693,755 acres, and
was patented to Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb in 1791-8. The State, in accordance
with Indian treaties, has conveyed sundry tracts, the principal of which are Penet Square, (10 mi.
sq.,) in Jefferson co., and Perache's, Kirkland, and other minor tracts, in Oneida co. Others, for
like cause, have been assigned for missions and other specific objects. The Legislature has also by
acte directed the land commissioners to convey extensive tracts for the promotion of roads, rail-
roads, and canals, colleges, academies, schools, and other institutions, and to reward military or
other services to the State. Of the latter class was a grant of 16,000 acres in Oneida co. to Baron
Steuben, in 1794.
Of patents to citizens not included in either of the preceding lists, the principal are Scriba's
500,000 acres in Oswego and Oneida cos.; Adgate's, Coxe's, Machin's, Oothoudt's, Remsen's, Dean's,
and other tracts in Oneida; Vrooman's, Noble's, &c. in Herkimer; and Watkins & Flint's in Che-
mung and adjoining counties. Numerous grants of land to communities, with privileges of gov-
ernment, were made upon Long Island, and in the counties bordering upon the Hudson, which will
be specially noticed in the localities to which they refer.
Several of the cities have special laws for the sale of real estate for taxes, and such sales
are made under the direction of the fiscal officer of the corporation. All other tax sales occur at
All>any once in three years, and are duly advertised by the Comptroller and in each co. by such
newspapers as are designated by the supervisors.
1 The real estate not subject to taxation comprise? property
belontring to the State and United States; buildings and
ground-' fee pnhHe naei owned by counties, cities, villages,
and t"wn- - si sdemies, and Incorporated seminaries;
ohxtn .-••'. and the pro p erty of oorporations f"r
ref"rm of offender!; public libraries; bank stock owned by
Stat- and try literary and charitable societies; Indian reserva-
rtyof Indians living thereon; the property
of clergymen to tent of 11,600 each, and property ri"t
liable t'i sale under execution tor debt, the lr\"t minimi in-
etadM » i f owned ly hoaaehoMers) a "pinning wheel, a loom,
staves put up or in u»e. the family Hible. family pictures, and
; in value, n seal or
pew in church, t<-n tbeep with their fleeo J . and the yarn or
:. one OOW, two swine, and their nee
bod, all necessary p^rk. beef, fish. floor, and vegetables pro-
vided lit f.imilv u»<\ and foe] tor 00 days, nil necessary wearing
apparel, beds, bedsteads, and bedding fee the family, arms and
itCwmants i | law to be kept f"r service in the
militia, n-cessAry c.king irransfU, r,n« table, six chairs, table
furniture f"r six DlfBJODS, OBC rrnno and its appendages, one
pair of andirons, a shovel and tong«. tools of mechanics to the
villi.- r.f JiV a team worth (160, and land set apart f"r a private
recorded in the co. clerk's office, but such record does not ex-
empt from sale for taxes, and property generally is liable for
debts contracted in its purchase. Where a homestead is ex-
empted the privilego continues for the benefit of the widow
and family after the death <'f the head. Such of the above
articles as are movable continue exempt while the family to
whom they belong are removing from one. place of residence to
another.
' Bach parcel is held up at auction, and those persons com-
at the sale name the least amount of land in a
square, asually in the ir.w. corner, that they will accept,
and pay tho taxes and charges due. The sale is declared in
favor of the person naming the hast quantity, and the pur-
chaser receives aeertiflrate naming tho time when a deed will
be due. Ifnot paid, theComptrolhr may in 3 months cancel tho
certificate and give to another upon payment of the same
amount, and any person may redeem within 2 years by paying
the taxes, charges, and 10 per cent, in addition. Specific or
undivided parti of tracts of land may bo sold. Ifnot redeemed
in 2 year" the Comptroller issues a fnll deed to the purchaser.
The portion sold to pay taxes is designated by tho comptroller
and varies with cirrumstances. If a village lot, it is located so
front upon a street, and in long narrow tracts it is taken
burj'i' • DO* "ere than J acre. A hnilding and hit ; off from one end. A tax sale takes place in 1859, and triennally
WMrth (UlOO occupied as a dwelling by the owner and his family thereafter,
may be exempt by causing a description of the premises to be |
LANDS.
49
TABLES OF MANORS, COLONIAL PATENTS, PURCHASES, AND LAND GRANTS.
Manors of the Colonial Period in New York and its Dependencies.
NAMES.
PATENTEES.
DATES.
LOCATION AND REMARKS.
Capt.Ch'r Billop
May 6, 1687
.Mar. 20,1687
June 17, 1697
Sept. 6, 1694
May 21, 1667
Mar. 10,1639
June 22, 1668
April 20, 1685
May 9, 1697
Oct. 25, 1687
April 1, 1680
April 2,1675
1630-37
Oct. 5. 1693
Mar. 21, 1701
July 25, 1072
July 8, 1761
S. W. part of States Island, sometimes called "Billop Manor."
N. part of Staten Island.
N. part of Westchester Co., had 1 Rep. in Gen. Assembly.
Canceled.
Annexed to Kingston, Mar. 12, 1787.
With full power as an independent town.
Columbia co., had 1 Kep. in (Jen. Assembly.
Since annexed to Massachusetts.
S. point of 'Westchester co.
S. E. border of Westchester CO.
Putnam co.
Plum and Gull Islands.
Fully organized; represented in Gen. Assembly ; confirmed
Oct. 17, 1685, May 20, 1704.
In town of Brookhaven, Suffolk co.
Westchester co.
Prudence Island, R. I. Disallowed by R. I., and authority
resisted.
Marthas Yineyard, now a part of Massachusetts.
Cortlandt
Col. Stephanos Cortlandt
Capt. John Evans
Fox Hall
Earl of Stirling
Marthas Vineyard....
John Pell
Samuel Willes
Killian Van Rensselaer...
Col. Wm. Smith
Caleb Heathcote
Several of these existed only in name; perhaps a few other patents bore the name of Manors, upon which active settlement
was not begun under the Colonial Government.
Table of the more important Patents
Granted under the English Colonial Government, in the eastern part of New York.
Name of Patent.
Adaquatnugie Patent...,
Amherst Tracts
Anaquassacook Patent .
Argyle Patent
Arieskill Patent
Artillery Patent
Babington's Patent
Bagley's Patents
County.
Otsego
Hamilton
Washington
Balfour's Patent.
Banyar's Patent .
Batavia Patent ...
Bayard's Patent.
Becker's Patent Schoharie
Montgomery
Washington
Delaware
Schenectady
Montgomery
Ham. <t Warren.
Otsego & Scho....
Greene
Oneida & Herk..
Bedlington Patent
Beekman's Patent
Beekmantown Patent..
Belvidere Patent
Bishop's Patent
Bleecker's Patent
Blenheim Patent
Bradshaw's Patent
Bradt's Patent
Delaware
Dutchess
Clinton
Otsego & Scho
Hamilton
Montgomery .
Schoharie
Washington ..
Schenectady ..
Buffington Patent Schoharie....
Burnetsfield Patent , Herkimer ...
Cambridge Patent , ..[Washington
Campbell's Patent,. T . I Essex
" Hamilton...
Catskill Patent
Caughnawaga Patent
Clarke's Patent
Claus's Patent
Caterskill Patent
Cheesecoek's Patent
Cherry Valley Patent
Clifton Park Patent
Cobus Kill Patent
Corry's Patent
Cosby's Manor
Cosby's Patent
Coxburgh & Carolina
Coxe's Patent
Date.
May
April
May
March
N'ov.
Oct.
May
June
Feb.
March
April
April
June
Croghan's Patent
Dartmouth Patent...
Dean's Patent
De Bernier's Patent..
De Lancey's Patent..
Edrneston's Patent...
Franklin Patent..
March
May
June
March
July
April
Sept.
Nov.
May
Feb.
Dec.
July
April
July
July
April
July
Nov.
May
Sept.
Nov.
March
April
Sept.
Jan.
Nov.
June
Feb.
May
May
Jan.
June
Oct.
July
May
Nov.
Aug.
July
July
Otsego I June
Extent
in Acres.
Greene
Montgomery
Delaware
Fulton
Greene
Orange
Otsego
Saratoga
Schoharie
Mont. & Scho
Oneida & Herk...
Schenectady
Oneida
Otsego
Hamilton
Clinton
Delaware
Montgomery
Otsego.
8. 1770
6. 1774
11. 1762
\i. 1764
12, 1737
24,1764
22, 1770
17, 1737
9, 1S38
6. 1775
14. 1753
24,1736
12, 1771
19. 1754
24, 1770
25, 1703
27, 1769
6, 1769
6. 1774
22, 1729
28. 1769
18, 1762
14, 17 38
16. 1737
13. 1770
30, 1725
21, 1761
11, 1764
5. 1784
11, 1767
4, 1714
22, 1770
29, 1770
1, 1695
25, 1707
18. 1738
2.3, 1708
15, 1770
19, 1737
2,1734
9, 1738
30, 1770
30, 1770
5. 1775
29, 1770
4, 1774
11. 1769
22. 1770
12, 1737
23, 1737
21, 1770
20. 1770
20, 1770
26,000
40,000
10.000
47,450
10.000
24,000
2.00(1
4,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
4,200
50,000
6,000
27,000
30.000
Ion. i
14.000
4.300
40,000
23,000
4,000
3,870
4,000
9,400
31,500
5,000
4,000
35,500
2.000
2,000
3,000
7,050
40,000
25,000
22,000
6,000
47.000
29.000
18.000
18.036
30,000
2,000
10.000
5,426
5,000
6,000
9,000
Patentees.
Sir William Johnson and others.
Sir JerTery Amherst, (2 tracts.)
R. J. F. & W. Schermerhorn and others.
Duncan Reid and others.
James De Lancey.
Joseph Walton and others.
Charles Babington.
Timothy Bagley and others.
Henry Balfour, (Totten &. Crossfield's Pur.)
Goldsbrow Banyar and others.
Vincent Matthews and others.
Wm. & Rob. Bayard and others, (Freemasons'
Patent.)
Johannes Becker and others.
John Leake and others.
Henry Beekman.
William H. Beekman.
George Crcghan and others, (2 tracts.)
Wm. Bishop. (T. & C. Pnr.)
Rutger Bleecker and others.
John Weatherhead and others.
James Bradshaw.
Krent Bradt and others.
u a a
David Buffington.
John Joost Petrie and others, (German Flats.)
Colden, Smith, Banyar, and others.
Allen Campbell.
Duncan Campbell, (T. & C. Pur.)
Martin Garretsou Van Bergen and others.
John & Margaret Collins.
James Clarke.
Daniel Claus.
Jacob Lockerman.
Ann Bridges and others.
John Lindsey and others.
N. Hermanseand others, (Shenondehowa Pat.)
Stephen Skinner and others.
Wm. Corry and others.
Joseph Worrell and others.
Alex., Ph. & Wm. Cosby.
Daniel Coxe and others, (s. w. of Mohawk.)
" " " (e. of Susquehanna.)
Geo. Croghan and others, (s. of Mohawk.)
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer.
Elkanah Dean.
John De Bernier.
James De Lancey and others, (s. of Mohawk.)
" " " (n. of Mohawk.)
Robert Edmeston.
William Edmeston.
Walter Franklin and others.
50
XEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
XA>!B OF PATENT.
County.
Franklin Township Delaware..,
Prank's Patent Herkimer..
Prazer's Patent (Greene
un'a Pal Tit
I riswell's Patent
- Fat- ut
Glazier's Patent
Glen's Purchase
>',, 11-1. >n nigh Township
iwich Patent
Go irin's Patent
Half Hood Patent
Hanson's Patent
II mlenburgh Patent
Harper's Patent
Harrison's Patent ...
Date.
ick Patent
Hasenclever's Patent.,
Henderson's Patent
Herkimer's Patent
Holland Patent
Hnntersfield Patent....
Hurley Patent
Hnyk Patent
Hyde Township
toby's Patent
.T.|— vri'i 1 Patent
Jessnp's Purchase
Johnson's Patent
Judd's Patent
Kakiate Patent
ras Patent....
- Patent
Kempe's Patent
ly*8 Patent
Kinderhook Patent
Klngsborougfa Patent.
■t
■li-ld Manor"
Kl ck's Patent
Kortright Patent
ng's Patent
•r's Patent
Patent
' nt
- Patent.
ley A Livingston's Patent.
ird'« I' tent
tent
Schenectady-
Clinton
Oneida
Schoharie
Saratoga
Delaware
Essex
Washington .
Montgomery
Saratoga
Delaware & SttlL
Delaware
Montgomery
Otsego
Herkimer.,
Oneida.
Rens. & Wash
Schoharie
Ulster
Columbia
Warren
Schenectady
Herkimer & Fult
Warren
Herkimer
Rockland
Saratoga & War.
Essex
Washington
Esses
Warren
Columbia
Pulton
Washington
Montgomery .
Delaware
Herkimer
Schoharie
Delaware .
Essex
' >!-• '_ r "
nerkimer
Otsego
nerk. k Mont..
Fulton & Sara..
Patent Fulton
I.u Bow's Patent Orange..
it Herkimer
'• I Montgomery ...
McCullock'i Patent Washington ...
Mcintosh's Patent Essex
McKee's Patent Delaware
tent Fulton
tent
Il'-rkirner
Matrin'« Patent Pulton
Markka • Hamilton
Matthew*'* Patent Greene
U'i Patent Washington
Mawighunk Patent Oolumbu
Pulton A Ham.
W a.-limgton....
Middl.fi.MI '■• Otongo
Mi. Ml. I I ..--
Pull. 4 Orange.
Montr • ffenrr
r*a Patent- Washington
•nt Montgomery
" " Schoharie
" " Montgomery...
" " OtaegO
Mnnroe'l Patent Washington...
Nestigionc Patent SaraU g I
Nr-ttl. field Patent Otsego.
Feb.
Sept.
June
.lulv
May
July
Sept.
Aug.
June
\n-.
Nov.
Aug.
Oct.
July
April
Dec.
Oct.
March
April
Feb.
April
March
June
Nov.
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
July
April
March
April
& pt.
April
Juue
Not.
Aug.
May
Aug.
Aug.
March
June
May
Dec.
Dec.
Feb.
June
Dec.
Feb.
Aug.
May
June
Aug.
Aug.
Oct.
Aug.
Sept.
Peb.
Nov.
Sept.
Oct
Jan.
Aug.
May
Aug.
Jan.
.\pril
a pt
April
Aug.
March
April
April
March
An -.
Juno
Sept
April
Peb.
Aug.
June
Oct.
... |
Juno
Hay
Bent
April
March
20. 1770
6, 17';:.
17. 17i'..->
3. 1736
7. 1765
0. 17ii'.l
10. 177
24. 1770
15, 1770
17. 1764
11, 1763
29, 1735
13, 1665
17, 1713
20, 1708
5, 1709
11, 1735
1». 1722
22, 1761
27. 17i0
1739
13. 1752
17. 1769
3, 1688
3, 1714
19, 1708
6, 1731
10, 1774
20, 173'
12. 1770
21, 1768
10, 1772
27. 1765
16, 1765
2.*>. 1 i'.'.'o
2, 1708
7, 1764
3,1764
7.1764
26, 1774
14. 1686
23, 1753
18, 1762
12, 1695
21, 1754
24, 1770
23. 1753
29, 1768
6, 1753
14. 1761
22, 1770
26, 1769
18, 1738
18, 1738
7, 1741
24. 173H
6, 1770
10. 1762
8, 1760
16, 1761
18, 1731
2. 17.'. I
12. 1786
8, L76fi
7, 1766
16, 1770
80, 1770
29, 177o
6, 1769
1.-.. 1701
81, I7i.l
5. 1774
24. 1786
7. 1771
1. L748
2:.. 170:;
11. 171.1
18, 17..1
24, 177ii
28, 1704
B, 1766
28, 1766
23. 1722
80, 1728
21. 17 'JO
(4 (4
1769
23. 1704
22, 1708
.'11.1770
Extent
in Acres.
30.
5,000
2.000
5,000
3.1 101 1
is. 1
3.000
4:,. 1
O.ooo
3,000
lo.
4.000
2.
22.000
4.000
12.'
21.500
18.000
6,000
2,324
20,000
10,000
6,000
40.000
10,000
94.000
11.650
2.000
2.
2,000
2.000
10.200
2.000
2,000
•j, 1.001 1
26,000
16.000
22.000
6,000
36,600
2.640
7.000
5.000
5,000
7,050
1.965
2.000
3.000
'.'.
20,000
4.000
20.
4. 1
2o.
2.000
4.000
3.000
lo.
18,000
3.000
5,928
4.i
6.000
6.000
4.200
6,000
2,000
29,000
6.000
.-..000
2,000
6.000
6.000
8,600
2.000
2,000
13"000
Patentees.
Thomas 'Wharton and others.
Coenradt Frank and others.
Hugh Frazer.
Thomas Freeman.
John Friswell.
Thomas Gage.
Beamsley Glazier.
John Glen,. jr.
Edward Tudor and others.
Robert Grant.
Donald Campbell.
Maynard & Elizabeth Guerin.
Petersen Philip Schuyler and other?.
Hendrick Hausen and others.
Johannes Hardenburgh and others.
John Harper, jr.
Edward Harrison and others.
Francis Harrison and others.
Christian John Hartwick.
Peter Hasenclever.
James Henderson aDd others.
Joost Johan Herkimer and others.
Lord Henry Holland.
Maria Yan Rensselaer and others.
Myndert Schuyler and others, (Schoharie Pat.)
Cornelius Cool and others.
Burgar Huyk.
Edward Jessup & C. Hyde.
Geo. Ingoldsby and others.
Henry Glen and others.
Ebenezer Jessup and others, (2 tracts.)
a K ii
Guy Johnson.
James Judd.
Daniel Honan and others, (Yachtaucke.)
Manning Hermanso and others, (Queensboro.)
Roger Kellet.
John Tabor Kempe.
John Kennedy.
Robert Kennedy.
John Hendrik De Bruyn and others.
Arent Stevens and others.
James Bradshaw and other6.
George Klock and others.
Lawrence Kortright.
Jacob Lansing and others.
Johannes Lawyer and others.
Robert Leake.
Francis Legge.
John Lindsley and others.
John Lindsley & Ph. Livingston.
Leonard Lispenard and others.
Philip Livingston and others.
a u a
Abraham Lott, jr., and others.
Gabrii 1 Ludlow.
John Lyne and others.
ii « it
Nathaniel McCullock, (2 tracts.)
Alexander Mcintosh.
Alexander M.Keo and others.
u a u
Norman Mrl. 1.
John Mi A. ii. .
u it
Sarah Magin and others.
William Markliam.
Vincent Matthews and others, (3 tracts.)
John MaunselL
Stephen Bayard and others.
ndi 1 Mi nzies.
'I nomas Menzies.
Godfrey Miller and others.
I'.ter Slid. II. ton.
Matthew Fine; and others.
John Montresoi and others.
David Mooney.
Lewis Morris and others.
a K ft ft
" " Jr. and others.
U a ({ a
Btaats Ixmg Morris.
Harry Munroe.
John Kopje and others.
Richard Loudon and others.
« Twenty-four miles above Schenectady.
LANDS.
51
NAME OF PATENT.
County.
Nine Partners (Great, or Lower) Dutchess
" " (Little, or Upper)
Northampton Patent
Oblong Patent
Oothoudt's Patent.,
Onl's Patent
Oriskany Patent
Otsego Patent ,
Otsquaga Patent..
Palmer's Patent..
Panton Tract
Pinefield Patent..
Preston Patent....
Prevost Patent
Fulton
W. Chester, Put.
& Dutch.
Otsego
Essex
Oneida
Otsego
Date.
Montgomery.
Richmond
Warren.
Delaware
Hamilton.
Greene ,
Provincial Patent
Queensbury Patent
Rhinebeck Patent
Rightmeyer's Patent
Roberts's Patent
Rochester Patent
Ross's Patent
Royal Grant
Rumbout's Patent
Sacondaga Patent
Sadachqueda or Saghquate Patent.,
Salem Patent
Saratoga Patent
Sawyer's Patent
Schaghticoke
Sehermerhorn's Patent
Schneider's Patent
Delaware.,
Orange
Schuyler's Patent..
Schuyler's Patent.,
Scott's Patent
Seaton's Patent
Servis's Patent
Sherriff's Patent
Skeenesboro' Patent....
Skeene's Patent
Skeene's Little Patent..
Skinner's Patent
Small's Patent
Spaight's Patent
Spornheyer's Patent....
Springfield Patent
Staley's Patents
Starnberg's Patent
Steward's Patent.
Stewart's Patent..
Stone Arabia Patent...
Stone Heap Patent
Stony Hill Tract
Stony Point Tract
Stoughton's Patent
Strasburgh Township.
Stringer's Patent
Sutherland's Patent....
Warren
Dutchess
Scho. & Greene.
Fulton
Ulster
Essex
Herkimer...-
Dutchess
Fulton & Ham..,
Oneida
Washington
Wash. & Sara....
Wash. & Sara...
Wash & Rens
Washington ,
Jan.
April
Feb.
Nov.
Sept.
May 27, 1697
April 10, 1706
Oct. 17, 1741
1 Juno 8, 1731,
J met seq.
Aug. 18, 1741
SI, 1775
18, 1705
3, 1770
30, 1709
22, 1729
March 81, 1687
Oct. 18. 1775
June 22, 1775
June 27, 1770
Aug. 15, 1765
March 10, 1768
1770
18, 1775
2,1764
20, 1762
8, 1703
6, 1754
29, 1770
25, 1703
16, 1765
Extent
I II ii'-,-' X.
Jan.
May
May
June
May
Sept.
June
April
Rensselaer
Herk. & Oneida.
Wash. & Rens
Otsego
Washington
Rensselaer
Schoharie
Greene
Oneida
Warren
Washington
Essex
Washington
Schoharie
Essex -
Schoharie..
Otsego
Herkimer.
Schoharie..
Oct.
Dec.
June
Aug.
Nov.
Oct.
July
May
Aug.
7, 1685
2, 1741
25, 1736
7,1764
4, 1684
29, 1708
23, 1761
11, 1762
23, 1764
March 24, 1762
1755
19. 1737
3, 1755
IS, 1740
29, 1737
2, 1770
18, 1767
28, 1769
18, 1775
March 31, 1765
July 30, 1771
6, 1771
15, 1770
6, 1774
6, 1767
23, 1764
4, 1741
14, 1755
30, 1769
May
June
July
July
Jan.
July
Feb.
Oct.
July
Jan.
April
Nov.
Aug.
Nov.
June
Sept.
March 19, 1759
Swallowfield Patent
Ten Eyck's Patent
Timberman's Patent
Totten & Crossfield's Purchase"..../
Turloch Patent
Upton's Patent
Van Bergen's Patent
Van Dam's Patent
Van Rensselaer Patent
Van Slyck's Patent
Vaughan's Patent
Wallace Patent
Walloomsac Patent
Walter's Patent
Walton's Patent
Clinton
Hamilton
Greene
Mont.A Fult
Mont. & Scho
Schoharie
It Oakland
Essex
Delaware
Schoharie
Washington
Essex
Westchester
Schoharie
Herkimer
Herk. Ham.Es- )
sex, Warren, j
Schoharie
Otsego
Greene
Orange
Sara. & Fult
Montgomery
Herkimer
Hamilton
Washington
Westchester
Herkimer _.
Delaware
May
May
Sept.
Oct.
'ept.
7, 1765
27, 1755
7, 1771
19, 1723
15. 1770
March 25, 1768
July 13, 174:
25, 1764
4, 1770
12, 1769
5, 1764
7. 1764
22. 1708
30, 1739
30, 1755
July
Dec.
Jan.
Sept.
Aug.
April
May
May
Feb.
March
July
21, 1752
8, 1770
11, 1767
March 23, 1709
Oct.
>ept.
April
April
June
Feb.
Aug.
4, 1774
1, 1716
24, 1770
11, 1770
15, 1739
14, 1701
12, 1768
March 15, 1770
6,000
50,000
13,000
5,000
69 0(H)
100.000
4,300
5.100
2.000
30.(100
14,000
5,000
5,000
Patentees.
5,000
26,000
23,000
8,000
2,000
2,000
93,000
28,000
6,000
25,000
61,000
10,000
2,000
10,000
43.000
11,250
43,000
12.000
2.000
42,500
3,000
25.000
4,000
25.000
3,000
9,000
40,000
5.000
2,000
2.000
17,000
34,000
3,000
3.000
2,000
24,000
2.000
12.700
15,500
18,000
2,000
37.000
2,000
2.000
3.000
7,630
3.500
3.000
18,000
20,000
35.500
3,000
28.964
2,000
8,000
6,365
12,000
5,000
12.000
20,000
Caleb Heathcote and others.
Sampson Boughton and others.
Jacob Mase and others.
Thomas Hawley and others.
Volkert Oothoudt and others.
Thomas ()rd.
Thomas Wenham and others.
Charles Read and others.
Geo. Croghan and 99 others.
Rntger Bleecker and others.
fapt. John Palmer.
Francis Panton.
John Rapalje and others.
Achilles Preston and others.
Augustine Prevost.
James Prevost.
William Cockroft and others.
Daniel Prindle and others.
Henry Beekman.
Ury Rightmeyer and others.
Benjamin Roberts.
James Ross.
Sir John Johnson.
Francis Rumbout.
Lendert Gansevoort and others.
Frederick Morris and others.
Alexander and James Turner and others.
Peter Schuyler and others.
Isaac Sawyer.
Cornelius Van Dyck and others.
Ryer Schermerhorn.
George Schneider.
Hendrick Schneider.
David Schuyler and others.
Abm. David Schuyler and others
David Schuyler and others.
John Schuyler and others.
John Morin Scott and others.
Sir Henry Seaton.
Peter Servis and others.
Charles Sherriff.
Philip Skeene and others.
Philip Skeene.
Stephen Skinner and others.
John Small.
William Spaight.
Ernst William Spornheyer and others.
John Groesbeck and others.
Rudolph Staley and others.
Jacob Starnberg and others.
Lambert Starnberg and others.
Peter Steward.
James Stewart and others.
Walter Stewart.
John Chr. Garlock and others.
John Bowen and others.
Michael Byrne and others.
Richard Bradley and others.
John Stoughton.
John Butler and others.
Samuel Stringer.
Erick Sutherland.
Nicholas Sutherland.
George Booth.
Hendrick Jacob Ten Eyck and others.
Jacob Timberman and others.
Jacob Borst and others.
Clotworthy Upton and others.
Martin Garretson Van Bergen and others.
Rip Van Dam.
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer.
Harman Van Slyck.
John Vaughan and others.
Hugh Wallace and others.
Edward Collins and others.
Robert Walters.
William Walton and others.
This tract, embracing 50 townships, was surveyed just be-
fore the Revolution, but small portions only were granted until
after the war. Among those who received patents for large
portions after that period were Robert G. Livingston, Isaac Nor-
ton, John G. Leake, Abijah Hammond, Frederick Rylander,
Philip Livingston, John Tharman, Jacob Watson, Alexander
Macomb, Ph. Rockafeller. 'White Matlack, Enos Mead, Zephaniah
Piatt, Goldsbrow Banyar, Peter V. B. Livingston, Joshua Mer-
sereau, Jonathan Lawrence, Thomas Franklin, Effingham Law.
rence, Stephen Crossfield, and others. Extensive tracts hav«
been repeatedly sold for taxes.
52
NE\Y YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Name of Patent.
County.
Dot?.
Extent
in Acres.
Patentees.
March 2, 1775
April 29,1703
Aug. 4, 1743
Feb. 18, 1775
April 15, 1705
March 10, ITTu
Oct. fi. 1741
Oct. 10. 1741
Aug. 29,1735
Aug. 29. 1735
Nov. 12, 1731
Feb. 18, 1775
Oct. 11. 1752
Aug. 25, 1752
2,000
4,880
3.000
3,000
38.000
2.000
4,000
14.000
2.000
2.000
3.000
20.000
14.000
John Watkins
Dr. John Bridges.
William and Stephen Bayard.
Archibald Weir and others.
John Wharton.
Henry White and others.
Peter Wlnne.
IVtcr Winno and others.
Charles Williams and others.
Anne Wilmot.
Hartman Windeeker.
Daniel Wriesberg.
Frederick Young.
Theobald Young and others.
Herkimer -.
Montgomery
u
it
cc
Essex
Otsego & Scho
c<
Wilmot Patent -
II CI
SUBDIVISION'S OF THE MASSACHUSETTS PURCHASE
Of about 6,000,000 acres of Lands ceded to Massachusetts by the State of JVew Tori: at the Hartford Convention, Dec. 16, 1786.
Tracts.
Phelps and Gorham a .
Morris Reserve
Triangular Tract
Connecticut Tract 6
Cragie Tract
n Tra^t
IOT Tract
forty Thousand Acre Tract
Bterritt Tract
Church Tract
Mi rris Honorary Creditors' Tract.
IL Hand Co.'s Purchase
T<>n Towns.,
Parties.
Massachusetts to Phelps and Gorham...
" to Robert Morris
Morris to Le Roy, Bayard. & McEvers.
" Watson, Cragie, & Greenleaf.
" Andrew Cragie
" Samuel Ogden
" Gerrit Cottinger
" Wilhelm and Jan Willink
" Samuel Sterritt
" John B. Church
" Creditors
" Agents of Holland Co
Massachusetts to Settlers Nov. 7, 17S7
Date.
Nov. 21,1788
2,600,000
May 11, 1791
500.000
87,000
100,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
150.000
100,000
58,570
1792-93
3,600,000
Acres.
230.400
Counties.
Allegany, Livingston,
Monroe, Ontario,
Schuyler, Steuben,
Wayne, and Yates.
Allegany.
Monroe.
Orleans and Genesee.
Genesee.
Wyoming.
Wyoming and Allegany,
Wyoming & Livingston,
Allegany.
Allegany.
Allegany & Livingston.
Chautauqua, Cattarau-
gus, Allegany, Wyo-
ming, Erie. Genesee,
Orleans, and Niagara.
Broome and Tioga.
« Phelps and Gorham originally contracted for the whole tract at 51,000.000, payable in a kind of scrip called " Consolidated
Securities.'' then much below par. A rise to par prevented them from fulfilling the agreement.
1 In 1801, conveyed in undivided halves to the State of Conn, and Sir Wm. Pultency, the former using part of her School Fund
in the purchase. Divided by alternate lots in 1811.
•Conveyed in four tracts to the agents of the Holland Co.: viz., 1,500,000, Dec. 24, 1792. to Le Roy and Lincklaen; 1.000,000
27, 1793, to Le Roy, Lincklaen, and Boon; 800,000, July 20, 1793, to the same; and 300,000, same date, to Le Roy, Bayard,
I iarkson.
SUBDIVISION OF MACOMB'S GREAT PURCHASE
In Franklin, St. Lavircnce, Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and Herkimer Counties.
Tracts.
Great Tract No. 1
-. .
« " :■..
« <( ;
a
" " 6_
Bemaind r.
ChamanH Tr ici
Black Riv.-r Tract ...
. Tr let
Brantinch.'im Tnvt.
•
BUistrargh -
[on in'i Triangle....
Watson's Tr
Patentees.
Daniel McCormick.,
Alexander Macomb.
Purchasers.
Pierre Ohassanle ft Co
f ii'n r i - .ii . ii' Email, i
l l>.w. ft Henderson-. J
Samuel Ward
Win. Inm.iii
.i mi. - Constable
' Ellis
Win. Innvin ,
ii
Date
of Patent.
May 17,179s
May 17, 1798
March 3,1795
Jan. 10, 1792
Date of Pur-
chasr.
April 12, 1793
July 16, 1795
D . 11,1792
Feb. 20, 1793
■.It'!. 22,1797
Feb. 20,1798
April — . 1700
Acres.
821.879
553,020
640,000
r 4.-,ii.o.-.o
26,250")
! 74.400 V
[1,368,400 J
210,000
2!mi.:;70
817.155
71. too
52>:;l
26,000
61,433
Pcmarks.
Twenty-seven towns, Franklin co.
Eighteen towns, St. Lawrence co.
Fifteen " " "
Antwerp and Jefferson cos.
Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and Herkimer cos.
Jefferson and Lewis cos.
ii. Oswego, and Lewis, 13 towns.
Qreig, Lewis co.
Fivo towns, Lewis co.
Lewis co.
Leyden and Lewis, Lewis co.
Lewis co.
Chcnanrjo Twenty Townships.
Tp.
Acres.
1
87487
2
8
24,624
4
24^00
6
6
7
24.186
-
9
10
ji.>.
.Inn" Ii. 1793
April 1
March 2, 1793
1. 17''3
April I
Jan. 13. 1788
Fotfntca.
Alexander Wi
William B. Smith.
Them. Ludlow, jr.
• i Livingston.
William 8. Smith.
.. u
.T-iVi"-* Tahn i
Tp.
11
A'TCS.
12
24485
13
14
26,030
15
26,836
16
18,718
17
18
22,668
19
20,760
80
Dal
Jan. 28,1793
April 16,1794
March 2,1793
June 1. 1793
Dec. 20.17:i2
Feb. 14, 1793
It <(
May 3, 1793
Patentees.
Leonard 11*. Cutting.
Wm. Matlock, sr.
Thos. Ludlow an. I.l. Bhlpperly.
Leonard M. Cutting.
John Taylor.
(I M
John J. Morgan.
LANDS.
53
Tail; of the Principal Tracts
Wliich have been granted in small parcels by the Slate, under the Commissioners of the Land Office.
Name op Tract.
A.dgate'8 3.000 aero Tract.
Bedlington Tract
Benson Township
Bergen's Purchase
Black Rock Village
Brant Lake Tract
Bristol Tract..
Bulwagga Hay Tract.,
Butlers Tract
Canastota Tract
Chemung Township
Chenango Township
Chenango Twenty Towns
Clinton Townsliip
Cookquago Tract
Cowasselon Tract
Crum Uorn Mountain Tract
Delaware Tract
Essex Tract
Fayette Township
Fort Ann Tract
Fort Covington Tillage
French Mountain Tract
Grand Island
Greene co. Tract
Greene Township
Gore. Old Military, and Refugee
Tract
Gores, others in great number.
Hainbden Township
Hague Tract
Iron Ore Tract
Islands in great number.
Jay Tract
Lake George Tract
Lewis (South) Tract
Lewiston Village
Long Sault Island
Luzerne Tract
Massena Township
Maul's Patent
Count' y.
Essex
Delaware
Hamilton
1 lamill on and Fulton.
Erie
Warren
Schoharie
Essex
Delaware.
Madison...
Military Tract.
{
Military Tract (Old)
Moose River Tract
Niagara River Tract
North River Head Tract.,
North West, Bay Tract....
Oswego Falls Village
Oswego Village
Ox Bow Tract
Palmer's Purchase
Paradox Tract
Perou Bay Tract ,
Refugee Tract
Reservations, Indian :
Cayuga
Oneida
Onondaga ....
St. Regis
Stockbridgo..
Ronring Brook Tract
Saddle Mountain Tract....
St. Lawrence Ten Towns.
Schroon Tract
Sidney Township
Split Rock Tract
Stedman Farm
Trembleau Tract
Tongue Mountain Tract
Wairensburgh Tract
Warren Township
Watkins and Flint's Purcl ase.
Westfield Tract
West of Road Patent
White Face Mountain Tract....
Chemung
Broome
Madison, Chenango, Oucida
Chenango
Delaware and Broome
Madison
Otsego
Broome
Essex
Chenango
Washington
Franklin
Warren
Erie
Greene
Chenango
Clinton
Tioga ,
Warren and Essex.
Essex
Essex and Clinton
Warren
Essex
Niagara
St. Lawrence
Warren
St. Lawrence
Essex I
Cayuga.Cc'rtland, Onondaga,
Oswego Schuyler, Seneca,
Tompk.us and Wi tyne.
Clinton and Franklin
Hamilton and Herkimer.,
Erie ar.d Niagara
Essex
Essex
Oswego
Oswego
Hamilton
Warren
Essax
Essex
Clinton
Cayuga and Seneca...
Oneida and Madison.
Onondaga .
Franklin..
Essex
Washington.
St. Lawrence.,
Essex ,
Broome
Essex
Niagara.
Essex
Warren
Warren
Broome
Chemung and Schuyler.
Washington
Essex
Essex and Cliuton.
No. of
7
77
3S3
13
233
254
62
4
7
91
205
144
25
79
19
248
100
33
48
117
108
68
62
234
160
93
33
421
38
173
107
140
133
52
304
"428
130
256
86
10 mi.
S,|.
each
111
162
33
17
52
22
58
174
Remarks.
West of Perou Bay.
Escheat of John G. Leake.
Named from Egbert Benson.
Part of Niagara Mile Strip.
Surveyed by Geo. Webster, 1803.
] Unappropriated lands remaining at closo of IJevolu-
/ tion.
Part of liardensburgh Pad nt.
Gospel and Schools for Chenango Twenty Towns.
/Laid out in 1788 by Jas. Clinton. J. Hathorn, and J.
| ('.inline.
49.710 acres to A. nammond and others.
Patented separately. See table preceding this.
Given to the Vermont sufferers.
Given to schools and literature.
Town of Windsor.
Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution.
Mile Square Reservation.
Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution.
Given to Canal Fund.
To Walter Livingston, M. West, and W. Mortis.
In quarters.
Robert Morris and Alexander Macomb.
House, out, and water lota.
Small tracts upon Military Class rights.
/ Twenty eight townships — 1,6S0,000 acres to soldiers of
( the Revolution.
/Ten townships, 640,000 acres set apart to soldiers,
\ not conveyed.
Nine townships, mostly of modern grant.
Reserved in Massachusetts cession.
\ Reserved by State in previous grants.
State, Middle, Rear, and River Lots.
Named from Paradox Lake.
131,420 acres to Canada and Nova Scotia refugees.
West, East, and Residence Tracts, Canoga Reservation,
Fish Creek, i meida, Castleton, Oneida Creek, Otsequet,
Pagan Purchase, and Wood Creek Tracts of the pur-
chases of 1798, 1802, 1815, 1824, 1S26, 1829, 1830, 1834,
1840, 1S42.
Various, including plats of Salina, Geddes, Liverpool,
Lodi, &c.
Various, including lands at Fort Covington and Ho-
gansburgh Village.
Various purchases, including E. Hill Tract of fifty,
and W. Hill Tract of forty-two lots.
Sold at auction in quarter and mile squares,, but bid
in by a small number. Cambray, De Kalli. and
Hague, each 92,720 acres: Lisbon, Louisville, and
Stockholm, each a little less, were conveyed to Alex.
Macomb, Dec. 17, 1787.
61,440 acres to Robert Harper and others.
Tables of many small g: ants, tracts, and purchases will be found in the descriptions of the counties in which such lands al-
located.
CANALS.
The Public Canals of the State are made, by the Constitution,
inalienable. They were first constructed for the purpose of facili-
tating settlement and of opening an easy means of communication
between the Atlantic and the great lakes. The canals are under
the care of several State officers, the powers and duties of whom
are as follows: —
The Canal Commissioners, three in number, are elected
one each year and hold office for three years. They have the imme-
diate supervision and management of the construction and repairs
of canals, and are ex officio members of the Canal and Contracting
Boards. They have their office in the State Hall, and report annually
to the Legislature. The canals have three general divisions, each of which is under the special
charge of a commissioner. 1
The Slate Engineer and Surveyor has general charge of the engineering department
of the cinals, and is a member of the Canal and Contracting Boards. lie has an office in the State
Hall, ani reports annually to the Legislature. 2
The Canal Board consists of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, the State Engineer,
and the Canal Commissioners. It meets, during the session of the Legislature, at the office of the
Canal Department, fixes the rates of toll, appoints collectors of tolls, their assistants and weigh-
lirects extraordinary repairs; hears appeals from the Canal Appraisers, remits penalties,
and regulates the police of the canals. 3
The Auditor of the Canal Department draws warrants on the Treasurer for all
canal payments, audits accounts, instructs collecting and disbursing officers, and keeps account of
canal receipts and expenditures. He is ex officio Secretary of the Commissioners of the Canal
Fund and of the Canal Board, and a member of the Contracting Board. His office, known as the
al Department," is in the State Hall at Albany.
The Canal Appraisers, three in number, are appointed one each year, and hold office for
three years. They appraise all damages arising from the canals, whether temporary or permanent
in their nature. They have an office in the State Hall.
The Contracting' Board consists of the State Engineer, the Auditor of the Canal Depart-
ment, and the Canal "Commissioners. It appoints all division, resident, and first assistant engineer.--. 4
The Commissioners of the Canal Fund consist of the Lieutenant Governor, Secre-
tary <>f St . I iptroller, Treasurer, and Attorney General. The Auditor of the Canal Department
is ex • Seeretary of the Board. They have the general management of the funds and debts of
the canal. 5
i t -'m embraces tln> Erie Canal as far
' lhamplain Canal and Gli as 1 alls
i roy Dam ■': mill -: Black River
I and Trni - *8 mill - ; making a total of 815 miles.
.1 from the b.
bank line of \\ ayne co., inclnd-
70 mill - : ' I 'anal. 97 miles;
' nal. 7 mil - Baldwins-
ville r Improvement, 20 miles;
anal,
i Ihemnng Canal and
i dor. 2 miles; Seneca River
miles.
' and DansvQle
i Hi ns to thi tii
. each
year i i on-
thcr rlatien relating (■• rail-
is nre
tii. tit nre the following subordinate
In :
officers —
1 by
t Board with ttw Ineer.
n il- in tlicir
inently pass over the
• ire all m i
M.-ik' iiiil rep ii i- annually
'II Ill' •■! Ill" I
I lis Division at
nd "f the Western Dii iston al Bo hi iter.
i. 12 in unmtxT. have immediate rliarge of
n sections under the supervision of resident engineers.
They are »«e isted by :
54
First Assistant Engineers, appointed by the Contracting
and
Second A ristant Ei p lintod by Resident Engineers.
The number of these assistants Is regulated by the amount of
labor in progn ss. V* relets surveyors, draftsmen, clerks, &c.
mployed as Hi" Department may r.-.| uii>-. and are ap-
ted in tii" same mannhr as Second Assistant Engineers.
No engineer "r other public officer appointed npon the canals,
<>r .i clerk, foreman, or oversver <.r laborers, is allowed to have
an interest in the boarding "i laborers, or in furnishing teams,
materials "i- any other thing i"-! n^ing to himself, for the use
public.
i - of wills "ii the Erie, 8 on the Cham-
plain, 3 "ii Hi" Seneca & ( ayuga, :; on the
Chemung, l "ii the Crooked bake, :: on 1 1«< Chenai 50, 6 on the
dley, 1 "ii tii" Black liiver, and 1 on the Oneida Lake
I, There are also 11 1 ollectors. Collectors may
be removed by the Canal Commissioners or t!io Auditor.
<Tiii- Board 1 A April 15, 1854, and its powers were
enlarged and defined Ma} 14,1857. 1 ntilMaj 1,1856 itapj linted
superintendents of repairs ; but since thai time all repairs are
made by contract. Repairs were formerly made by laboi
hired by the day or month, under 1 1 1 - direction >! superin-
tendents; bnl in 1867 the Contracting B authorized
to let the ordinary repairs npon <on tract for a t'-rm <>r years.
6 Tin' canal fund was derived from the foil wing sourci a : —
5. Auction duties, (in part.) amounting in
all to $.Vi92.039.05
" " Salt duties, am ttinginaUt 2,056,458.06
In 1835, iIp -• !• venues v I in
Hi" general fund, by a popular vote of
68,15
1S17-2-"' - j r tax, amounting in
all to 73.509.90
CANALS.
55
Reports are annually made to the Legislature by the heads of the various Canal Departments
concerning every thing pertaining to the Canal interests. These reports, embodying voluminous
details and summaries, are printed, and arc easily accessible to all. 1
Loans for construction, at sundry times, secured
li\ State stocks. The avails for V.r'm and Cham-
plain Canals up to Sept. 30, 1858, amounted to S8.271.831.00
Loans for enlargement, Ac 11,828,000.00
Loans for deficiencies 10,203,844.10
Loans for enlargement and completion 10,500,000.00
Canal revenue certificates 1,512,39 1.75
Temporary loans .'. 1,700,000.00
Tolls 64,429.475.41
Tax ,1844, '45. '46. '47. 1854, '55, '56, '57, '58) 2,936,623,21
Sale of lands for benefit of canals, viz. : 102.635
acres in Cattaraugus CO.. given by the Holland
Land Co. ; 3.000 acros. by John Hornby; 1,000
acres, by Gideon Granger; Grand Island,
(17,3S1 1-5 acres,)aud 8 small islands. (502J acres.)
given by the State for benefit of canals ; and a
tract of land on Wood Creek, bought with the
rights of the Western Inland Lock N. Co 107.430.18
Interest on investment and deposits 3.157.860.60
Surplus tolls, from lateral canals 1,010.731.43
Miscellaneous 1,101.123.43
Total receipts Erie and Champlain Canals 123,043.734.84
Receipts upon all the State canals 143,607,002.91
Total payments upon the Erie and Champlain
Canals
Total payments upon all the State canals 141,627,S45.85
The total premiums upon luans amounted to $2,'J.A.7U.12
The total discount upon loans amounted to
Special loans were made for mosl of the lateral canals. \
tract"! laud from the Onondaga Salt spring- i. -ervation was
Bold fl rthe h ii 1 lit of tin- i igwi go Canal Final and am rani
$160,0oo. Stock in the Western Inland Loci Navig
amounting to $92,000, was canceled for the b in lit of thi canals,
and the interests of individuals in that wort wi re cane led by
purchase. The amount appraise I was $152,718.52.
The Constitution provides Ait. \ II; that, after paying the
uses of collection, superitit.-iidi'ia-i'. and i -11:11
of $1,300,000, and after 1855, $1,700,000, shall be appli d annu-
ally, from the revenues of the canals, to a sinking fund, to pay
the canal debt. In 1857, the surplus receipts of tolls failed, for
the first time since 1846, to meet this, and i t I •
to raise by direct tax the money required to pay interest on the
stock. The clause in the Constitution prohibiting th<- creation
of a debt for any public work, without imposing a direct tax
for its payment and a submission to the popular vote, was sus-
pended by an amendment adopted Feb. 14. 1854. to allow of the
raising of $9,000,000, by the issue of State stock, for the more
speedy enlargement and completion of the canals. A in. a-ure
was introduced in the Legislature of 1859, for the loan of a fur-
ther sum for this obj -et. and the submission of the question to
the decision of a popular vote.
1 SUMMARIES OF TIIE PRINCIPAL REPORTS.
Amount and value of property moved, and miles run, on all the State Canals, since 1835.
Estimated value op pro-
Miles run in each tear
perty TO AND FROM OTHER
BY ALL THE BOATS.
Cleared at
Titalnum-
.•
Black Rock, Tona-
Total value of
Cleared at New
Buffalo,
Cleared at
6i r of tens
tt
WANDA, AND OsWEOO.
property moved
York. Albany,
Black Bock,
all other offi-
in*, red on
K
on all the car
nals.
and West Troy.
and Tona-
wanda.
ces.
all the ca-
nals. '
Packets.
Freight
boats.
Products
Merchandise
1836
18.37
coming from.
going to.
$5,493,816
4.813,626
$9,723,250
6,322.751)
$67,634,343
55.809,288
1,310,807
1,171 -
825,784.147
$3,286,128
S18.650.6iU
105,050
6,55
1838
6.369.645
8.657.250
65,746,559
33,062,858
4,854,927
19.2ov 858
1,333,011
400.250
5,1-
1839
7,258,968
10,259,100
73,399,764
40,094.302
5,222,756
18,854,427
1,435,713
290.1
5.7 -
1840
7,877,358
7,057,600
66,403,892
36.398.039
6,200,829
15.204.936
1.417.646
258.S80
5,952
1841
11,889.273
11,174,400
92.202,929
56,798,447
9,607,924
16,376,503
1,521,1 '1
322.860
7,10
1842
9.215,808
7.218.900
60,016,608
32.314.908
7.541.703
12,466,736
1.236.931
354..00
6.173,200
1843
11.937.943
13,067.250
76,276,909
42,238,488
9.732.616
13.288,470
1,513,439
381,820
6,586,700
1844
15,875,558
14.845,250
90,921,152
53,142,403
9.561.146
15,822,5 I
1,816,586
427.740
7,841,750
1845
14,162,239
17.366,300
loo.C29.859
55,453.998
10,351,749
19.24s.224
L".i77.565
420.540
7,924,250
1S40
20,471.939
20.415,500
115,612,109
64,628,474
15,819,314
14815,639
2,268,662
414,340
j.450
1847
32.666.324
27.298.800
151,563,4 18
77,878,766
28,503,745
23.5 1
2.869.810
443,080
11,733,250
1848
23.245.353
30,553,920
140,086,157
77,477,781
19.621.700
11,544.421
2,796,230
512.300
9,633,85 I
1849
26.713,796
31,793,400
144,732,285
78,481,941
20.647.5G2
22,238 "1"
2,894,732
305.760
10,1 53.350
1850
25.539.605
41.272.491
156.397,929
74.826.999
20,991.462
31,335,526
3.076.617
343.475
10.718.100
1851
27.O07.142
63.659.440
159,881,801
80,739,899
24,543,286
31,784.847
3,582,733
206,150
11,92
1852
37,041,380
79,127,640
196.603,517
121,087.312
25.674.776
22.219.056
3.863,441
71.725
12,306,950
185 1
42.367.5114
94,230,720
207,179,570
116,185,331
28,866,951
27,629,827
4,247,852
46,650
12,327,050
1854
39.346.283
83.476.410
210,284,312
116.772.966
29,745.555
30,613,260
4.165.862
24.075
11,244.200
1855
43,555,243
79.879,680
2t 14.390.147
llo.443.863
31.403.640
24.006,992
4,022,617
2s.s75
9,671.450
1K56
38,043.813
60,064,680
218.327,062
134,131,707
22,873,866
21,749,502
4,116,082
21.175
1857
26.466.121
42,525,360
136.997.018
71.016.241
17.567,181
15.470.217
3,344,061
16,950
7.:;:4.S50|
36,182,405
27,680,400
138,568,844
57,983,123
25,039,901
20,570. :,77
3,665,192
18,725
7,886,100)
Tot.
$513,541,202
$793,670,521
$2,929,665,482
#1.559.962,083
$377,659,507
$451,519,063
59,647,996
5,746,220
191 739.630 !
Total amount per cent., and averages of different classes.
\
Classes.
Averages for periods of Seven Years.
Years.
OF EACH.
From 1836 to 1842.
From 1S43 to 1849.
From 1850 to 1 i
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Value.
Tons.
Vutw.
Products of forest
Manufactures
M >rchandise
Other articles
Total
24.516.913
17,238.941
4,086,894
5,233,933
8,571,265
$207,472,053
321.768.110
167.860.314
1,594,938,801
137,726,204
41.11
28.89
6.85
8.78
14.37
7.68
28.05
5.7-.
54.41
4.70
634 022
■:i 6,004
101,610
119,108
184,992
$7,133,875
18,400,404
5,750,494
34.687,389
2.772.607
947.120
765,948
165,912
189,170
237,139
$7,200,900
36,326,16
6,825,363
61,888,015
4,876,878
1,549,378
1,098,28 '
240,790
380.654
$12,619,591
51,083,488
ni.-
9.007.96
59.647,946
$2,929,765,482
loo.oo
100.00
1,346 636
$68,744,769
2,305,289
$117,117,411
3,867,886
$193,294,91 5
56
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tolls collected at each office on the New York State Canals, from 1825 to 1858,
both inclusive.
Offices.
1825.
1830.
1835.
1840.
1S45.
1850.
1855.
1856.
1858.
A\ . -t Tr.v
$285,595
312,654
315,042
9.312
10,227
9.382
55,51 1
46,288
78,095
$245,124
253,234
301.262
21.705
5.222
5.967
41. Si is
02,427
48.233
55.470
37,S30
10.553
19.594
101,087
6.304
25.S99
14.308
23.467
23.685
97.679
755.575
8.556
9.164
10.568
54.367
21.184
22.922
271.159
14.317
27,765
$290,280
116.973
349.517
9.473
5.015
5,349
37.159
4ii.9or,
35.162
65.378
29.740
10.172
12.357
88.130
18,180
3.132
9,556
14.015
34.901
22.145
783.906
3,737
8,806
12.030
55,364
20.412
22.241
406.813
13.399
21.669
13.079
13,765
30.272
44,610
3,238
15,827
5,658
2.312
8.033
4,934
15.542
5.231
11/290
9.235
18,664
605
$78,921
67.965
110.837
5.173
4.643
5.028
26.720
31.638
31,292
38,4 4
18.821
O.S'JS
14.994
86.204
101.171
14378
16,296
30,503
30,291
$120,652
37.181
2.-.-19
""fi'.Vit
46&02
21,060
35,349
$212,045
124.793
37,806
5357,595
153.402
64,973
(295,563
186,947
23,670
10,778
16,505
42,606
69,384
$340,667
386,916
9.544
17,653
13.389
63,5 7
55.997
119,229
Little Fails
8,772
48,142
28,8 5
85 -:
16.840
50.575
74.750
055,635
11,197
21,466
88,494
7. :.17
•8,798
82,1 11
24,229
48,388
160,129
12.314
12,139
93,809
23,018
40.1 so
176,140
241982
19,865
86,581
21,855
61.199
248,210
7.587
30,844
103.S26
17,432
5S.021
224,529
10,897
36,263
77,837
19.197
53.798
190.532
65.932
26,355
Black Rock c
10,614
21^53
52.129
23.227
54'.
321.164
,417
14,820
106,413
181,973
55.642
6S.456
703.498
7.012
7.379
8,955
71.356
44,655
1
1,671
12.295
56,583
482.635
9,085
15,371
48,959
10,527
11,766
106.213
8,065
16,201
719,683
225
37.494
132.023
8.023
17.950
5.626
2.308
15.S31
32,302
Whitehall.
•17,318
33,106
-
8,662
63,924
51,214
48,160
30,653
55.911
53,812
"138,704
3,673
46,850
51,899
310,135
Cornin_'
36,701
35,879
33,350
44,336
47.473
" 11.376
32.853
54,060
9.566
21.192
3.177
6.026
7.189
28,647
6,256
15.133
6.574
14.595
16.132
20.747
82,466
5.667
20.734
3.012
10.415
13.885
21,147
14,485
29.584
65.800
3.495
15.376
4.735
2,553
8.587
5,985
14.470
6,665
17.120
12.285
16.894
548
8,365
4,096
8,958
5.696
16.787
2.7''.:
4,573
2.721
4,510
1.029
2.482
4594
7.703
5.276
4,450
1...
- -
18.6i 5
28,400
20,3S3
652
9,124
rille..-
Olean .._
.-.: •
$1,066,922
J1.54S.109
■51.775,967
$2,646,181
$3,273,899
$2,805,077
$2,748,212
$1,838,836
<> Collected at Port Byron. » At Newport. « Office abolished in 1857. <* At Saratoga, Ft. Miller, It. Edward, and Ft. Ann.
-V ' trances issued from 1833 to 1858, both inclusive, on the Several Canal*.
1848..
1861..
1-57..
"
I
S
-
7 17.
5
a •
g>
i
1
-
8
<t
7> Z
1
6
1
e
»5
<5c
36
153
1,247
806
1,802
1,951
1.179
1,704
'
517
1.213
1,624
930
Ml
762
17-
1,421
890
574
7- 1
si 5
1,101
2.046
122 7
U96
1,189
3 223
1,260
1,089
1,814
1,440
1.177
1,307
i.l-l
1,646
1,677
2.102
2,034
1,042
'
2,014
609
1,187
'
1 762
674
1,873
817
2,563
491
170
3,177
-• 1
1,906
900
1.7 Jo
6,106
534
:.:;lt
MS
1 330
i
£
48,740
63,726
69.078
67.255
64,796
68.296
60.133
75,990
. 7.616
69,720
i
81.629
89,936
104.478
85,048
93,842
100,1 18
104.902
98,214
80,309
80,986
CANALS.
57
00 00 00 00 00 00
Cn en en O' Cn in
r. e, > 4- eo i e
30 00 00 00 00 00 0C X X 00 OO CO
Oi4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-4-e:J
O CD CO -J C. CJi 4- CO 10 H- O CO
r X) X) 30 30 CO CO
co co co co co co w
CO — I C3 Ot tf- CO to
./ / / X CO CO 00 00 00
wcoiii: totoi;i;ij
- O o » *) C! c;< *- W
w
.EWe CanaZ.
Champlain Canal.
Oswego Canal,
h- 1 -J to to to to re te t c te to te te to te — » <-< to ^ — » — * — » to to — » i-« i-» •-* «->
.er- r. — to co if* to oo p ~i x pa -j iz 4- eo eo c: po oo^pocn op oo -i o; to — ' :o
o en tfr-co en "co to O) -^ M be co ie en cu 4- : o bi V ~t bo : o en 4- © ^- J co'o : cr *~. te
to — t. — c: +- - v: w co m to oo » M »-* 4- oo 4- -t- co ~- io :: c: ~f -o to 00 4--J
to en to co on co c ■- , o ic ^ -" iv o / -i » w x -i m x ;: c e ^ ;; o —i e; —
en co "co co ^ en ^t co V; <i to b h "m m b h co b o- +. i_ i- m b b b c: '» *■ h
Oit-HWa'OOtO'OHOWHi^-JiaiO^lMMS-^M^Vif-'if.COI-'tOO
Cayuga <t Seneca Canal.
Chemung Canal.
c r. be g 'Owb'^'b-Mx o : .o"*.o rf^'co o^o'^j'^'co en be 'coV to
/ .: _: s. m j: — -i to co i c 4- — > e-> to te m — ' te te — * to — * c; -i ce
,. r < -r- _ er. j-t co co o as ►-» cs to to ^ oo co — i oo — » en — * — * ;: ;; ee
H e: 3fl r. c o c be ~i be ^ en bo ^ oo f-* co co fen 60 co*?-» bo ^ '+- bo
05C:cnon^Oi»-»h-*tn4*OOl-'COCDCOCOtoCOr- 1 tOCTiC:0^0 rf^
Crooked Lake Canal.
MhJtObO)- l tO>-- 1 '-'i-'tOCOtOtOtOtOt-»l-->i-i>--t|--»tOi-»
& 'pp c p.pj^.oojo^-'jo co co ci^topj co oc j^o»pp
x e^te-cc co to *e~- *tc"co 'to te 'en 4- V- *— ' '— * be bo© -Jt *-~co
-x r. :j co 03 to -ei:ce-i -1 --o te -1 •- — ' -^ eo -i eo — *
■~- s 4- t. +- co en 00 po <m to p to *-» ^* 4- en en h-» 00 co to
co ^1 ba bi o — ' be — -1 4- "eo be V- *•* : — -' e: '4- en w *co ^
CHHOHCOOCtSOiOMCOiCl'J'MSCWW^tO
Chenango Canal.
te to to to co co to ro to to to to to to ^ >-• u-» ^ :
j^t en jo en eo m 4- ps ^1 o> pa ~. ec e; to en e; co eft :
~o ie x ui b to c O) b> en ^ ^ V *m bs to to '•£> o
m o w ^ o w h m ^ a; te o ^ -i *. o o te : ; :
COC0h-'Cj;-- : IX''<l^TCn-~ItO*^ICO03'— 1 m 4*. *^ o
to t» en b <i ^ b b b '*• h to b b to ^ m 'a 4- •
lf»H0100COH©-ICJitOtOOTMWC'OOH(DO.
Genesee Valley Canal.
^ tO CO OO Cn"o Cn*CT;00C>CnC7"CiOCnfcfi.>t*I
o r. i-j -j *.m c o x 1: 7. 1; *- v 1; e - r. ;
C^ On CO tO O H-i CO 'CO CO h-* CO *- 10 CO --^ -I tO tO ;
i-T bn p* to "4- "~. - 1 s: - ee cc ^1 en en 4- *» as o
C0C0t0r-*00-^COrfr-t0Oi^J4^C0C0 0nrf-C0tO:
Oneida Lake Canal.
Mi-'tObOtpMI-'tOtOtO^-COCOrf^COtOl-'CO. •
co *» -<t —i fc. t— ' co to --i —1 cr; ^i cr- ^t co co 4— 4- : :
COin^T^4^.h-'--IOlC0*-COt0COe0t-*C5CO4i.; ;
Co Io co co co t-< J-* Lj 4> "co e,j ^ e_i jj, e_i 30 u, en . •
~* o to o to to 00 en to to toaotoooOMOO. .
Seneca River Towing
Path.
fc . co to to co to to ^
^COh-iCOp.T^CnCOCO
^co en ^j to cnb cr; b> *^> to to i- 1
-1 4- t. ee ee e: v_ e< r ;; e: -^ - 1
HSWOOOOOCOWOOCi*-
Oneida River Improve-
ment.
MCOOSCOCOtOtOWWtO'
-j t-> en en to en -1 ^ co co :
-i 'Co to to o co 4* en co to •
Cayuga Inlet.
fft;
en as en en en *»■ *- co ; .
"to f-» co eo 'eo e» as bs ~ :
co co 00 to x co t e r. t e :
4 'ei-10»XHO;
H" "e^ 'ee cob*l "~ cc be ;
cn--ionto-^>- i,fc ii-*co.
Black River Canal.
BaldswinsviUe Canal.
9
9
&4
5
A,
a
4
£
a
as
a
00
CO
00
©■<
o
a
Co
H3
>
W
o
O
f
02
53
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tlie Erie Canal, connecting the Hudson with Lake Erie, was commenced at Rome, July 4,
1817, and was completed Oct. 26, 1825. As first constructed, it was 303 mi. long, 28 ft. wide at
the bottom, 40 ft. wide at the top, and 4 ft. deep. The locks were 90 ft. long between the gates, and
15 ft. wide. The original cost of the whole was $7,143,789. 86. 1
The number of boats upon the canals at different periods has
.'.136; in 1844, 2.126; in 1847, 2.725; in 1853,
.';.4"1 : and in 1859, about 3,500. The following numbers of new
have been registered: —
1*44. T.7S
i
i
1847,1,466
IMS. 4:.7
1849, 215
1S50, 152
1851, 213
W,J. '.71
1853, 590
1854, 760
1855, 471
1856, 364
1-7.7. 329
1858, 255
Some opinion may be formed of the class of boats used from
the nunil era built. These were, in 1S57, of scows, 106; decked
lake boats, 95; bullheads, 102; and packets,
3. None of the last named were built in 1S5S; and the day for
traveling upon the canals may be considered as virtually passed.
unless steam canal boats — now being introduced into use — prove
successful competitors in speed with steam upon railroads.
The largest boat registered in 1S44 was 90 tons. In 1S49. somo
were as high as 135 tons; in 1850, 170 tons; in 1853, 250 tons;
and in 1858, 300 tons. The average tonnage of boats has been
as follows : —
1S49 76
1850 80
1851 87
is.v_> 8 8
1853 97
1854 105
1855 102
1856 107
1857 114
1858 109
General average 100
Structures upon the New York State Canals at the close of 1857.
l-ocks...
Wi Lb '
Aqnedn
'•'
Culverts
I
Farm Bridges..,
Tow Hi
Dam-'
e
bj
76
4
5
35
49
243
3
509
10
•S-a
39
6
4
23
27
52
75
13
140
8
II
c ^ ^
116
1
19
21
52
212
12
110
1
5
12
18
36
40
1
77
1
O'o
8
18
5
5
5
n
1
11
23
§1
Os=
Is
12
13
1
27
41
5
-7
1
14
i^
53
1
4
10
2
27
16
16
59
1
~ ; -
C - K
113
17
34
103
103
102
9
214
5
Total, i
574
23
5
84
163
455
3
1,296
51
a Doubli hy side, are counted as one. The number
upon the Erie Canal, when completed, will be two less, by dis-
ag with those now at Montezuma.
1 Farm bridges are gradually lessening in number, as the
claim; of individuals are from time to time commuted, or the
damages appraised from failure to rebuild them. The principal
increase of bridges is in cities and villages, from the opening of
new streets; and in these localities permanent iron bridges are
now generally built upon the principal thoroughfares.
« Of the 10 dams in the first coluniu, 8 are feeder dams.
1 Plans for improving the navigation of the Mohawk were
'i 1725. but nothing was d..tic (■. this end till March
:; I, 1762, when the " Western Inland Navigation Company" was
porated, with powers to Improve the channel and build
- and locks to Lake Ontario and Seneca Lake. The cost to
• -■ estimated at £39,500. This work consisted
mainly of the following: —
1-; Us, 4,762 feet Jong, of which 2,550 feet
1 ii it were 6 locks, with a t"tai
d 1. miles long, with a lock, at Wolf
Rift. I mill - long, at Rome, con-
Mohawk with Wood Creek ; and. 4th, t"ur locks upon
The work was begun
•i K'.'::. bnt the want of funds delayed the work
until inscription A from
il and locks at this place
' day and the next s large and 102
• ill "f 680 I 1 -. exclusive of thai
The chambers of the locks were 74
pass : bnt other fan-
i bnrdi ii of 1" or 1 1 tons. Light
t - lanwix and back in 9
Idaj he trip. In
ut. and 18 es were cnl
innel 7 miles. In 17
work, in 17 '7. had
: •
boats pa- 1 -' 1 - with 1,600
• 1:1- V -t Of
ffbnfj
B1H: II I v j '■■ ■■(, II. ;o.
It -tain wi... the first idea of con-
structing a chain • •: n through the
All of the
thi'
king arou uTerneur Morris
nal from Lake Ei le to the
Hud F f i =• [dan Wat to tap
Lake l.ri". and have a continu r..m the lake to the
- "f locks
the river. Inl- I the outline of bis pi
the E leneral, Bimeon De ^^ it t, v.
chimerical. The next year Mr. Pe Witt, in a conversation with
James Geddes, then a land surveyor of Onondaga county, stated
the |.lan of Mr. Morris as one "l the impracticable scl
which had been advanced. Mr. Geddes, however. l""k'd at the
matter in a different light, and, after some little reflection, he
concluded that the plan, willi sunn- mndificatimis. was by far
the best that had yet 1 ested. He cunse], d with .Jesse
Hawley upon the subject; and the Latter, convinced <.f the feasi-
bility of the project, « rote a series of papers which wi re pub-
lished in the Genesee Messenger from Oct. I s ' '7. to March, 1808.
These essays were Bigned " Hercules," and were the Brsl ever
printed in favor ol the Erie Canal. In 1808, Joshua Forman,
an intimai of Mr. (ieddes, then a member of the As-
Bembly, Introduced a resolution for the survey ol a canal route,
tu the end that Congress might be led t.. grant moneys for the
construction of a canal The stun of i-aiOO was grant".! f.ir
surveys under the direction of the Surveyor-General. James
Geddes was Intrusted with this service, and was directed to level
down in mi Oneida Lake to the mouth of Salmon Creek, to ascer-
tain whether a canal could be opened from < iswego Kails to Lake
i lo,and t" Burvey the I" Bl n ute Ii a canal around Niagara
Falls, II" u.-is also directed to surveys route eastward from
Lake | River, and thence to the waters Bowing
east Into Seneca Lake. He Bnished this work, and made a
ring the practicability of the last nai I route and
real superiority over the others which had been proposed.
This report a Ion, and secured tho
Influence of De w itt Cliut< n, then a member of the Senate, and
many ether prominent men. In 1810, commissioners, at tho
head of wl Witt Clinton, were appointed t" explore
i r nte thn ugh the center of the State. < n the Bth of
April, 1811. an act was passed to provide for the Improvement
of the internal navigation ol the State, and i ft" rU we e made to
obtain aid from the General Government, but without success.
The report of the commis loners stated the importance of this
'.:cuith such force and eloquence that a lftw was passed
the next year continuing the commJ and authorizing
them I tnd dl |" -it money, and take , ■,. igions Of land, fur
I: imi the war suspended active operations.
The pi r. continued to bi and an act was
i on the 17th of April, 1816, providing for a definite survey.
The canal was begun at Rome, July I. 1 S 17. and on the 22d of
October, 1819, the first boat passed firom Ptica t.. Ri m ■.
The completion of the canal was celebrated by extraordinary
CANALS.
59
The enlargement of this canal was ordered May 11, 1835, and has been going on more or less
rapidly since, except during a few years of suspension commencing under Gov. Wright's adminis-
tration. It was estimated by the State Engineer and Surveyor, in Jan., 1850, that $1,565,077.75
would complete the enlargement upon the present plan, making the total cost of that work
$23,000,000. The length of the Erie Canal when enlarged will be reduced to 349.74 mi. Its sec-
tion gives a breadth of 70 ft. at the surface of the water, 521 ft. at the bottom, and a depth of 7 ft.
civic and military ceremonies throughout the State, and espe-
cially in New York City, on the 1th of Nov. 1825. Ah the first
boat, with Governor Clinton on board, entered the canal, at
Buffalo, at 1" o" clock, (Oct. 26,) a line of cannon, previously ar-
ranged a few miles apart, passed ;i signal along to Albany, and
down the Hudson to Sandy Monk, from whence it was returned
in like manner. The signal was heard at New York, at 11.20.
The flotilla with the Governor was everywhere greeted with en-
thusiastic rejoicing. Dpon reaching New York it passed down
to Sandy Hook, and the waters of the lake were mingled with
(hose of the ocean with imposing ceremonies.
The Canal Commissioners under whom the Erie and Cham-
plain Canals were constructed were Stephen Van Rensselaer, De
Witt Clinton, Joseph Ellicott, Samuel Young, and Myron
Ilolley. Henry Seymour was appointed in place of Kllic t(. in
March, 1819, and William ( '. Bouck was added to the number in
March, 1821. The chief engineers were James Qeddes. of Onon-
daga CO., and Benjamin Wright, of Rome, neither of whom had
ever seen a canal, or enjoyed means of acquiring a practical
knowledge of engineering other than thai obtained from survey-
ing land. The precision with which their canal surveys- were
executed, under the circumstances, may be regarded as truly
wonderful. Among the assistant engineers were Peacock,
David Thomas, Nathan 8. Roberts, David S. Dates, Canvass
While, Davis Hurd. Noah Dennis. Charles T. Whippo. William
Jerome, Henry Q. Sargent, Frederick C. Mills. Isaac J.Thomas,
Henry Farnam, Alfred Barrett, John Dates, William 11. Price,
John Hopkins, and Seymour Skiff.
The Canal Board have adopted the following table of distances from place to place upon the Erie Canal. The elevations
above tide are those shown by the lockages, and do not take into account the descent given to cause a flow of water between
locks, which does not vary much from an inch to a mile. The long level is supposed to be perfectly uniform in elevation above
tide.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations above Tide on the Erie Canal.
Places.
Albany
West Troy
Junction
Cohoes
Crescent
Upper Aqueduct
Schenectady
Hoffmans Ferry
Port Jackson
Schoharie Creek
Auriesville ,
Fultonville
Yatesville
Sprakers
( lanajoharie
Fort Plain
St. Johnsville
Mindenville
East Canada Creek...
Little Falls
Mohawk
Ilion
Frankfort
Fergusons
Utica
York Mills
Whitesboro
Oriskauy
Rome
New London
Higginsville
Dunbarton
Loomis
Durhamville
Lenox
Canastota
New Boston Landing.
Canaseraga Landing .
Chittenango
Bolivar
Pools Drook
Kirkville
Manlius
Limestone Feeder
Orville Feeder
Lodi
Syracuse T".
Qeddes
Bellisle
Nine Mile Creek
Camillus
Canton
Peru
Jorda i
Cold Spring
"S.R
<2>
.§■§
^
^
£5 -§.5
352
7
7
345
7
345
4
11
341
3
14
338
12
26
326
4
30
322
1S8
10
40
312
6
46
306
269.5
5
51
301
2
53
299
3
56
296
295
6
62
290
3
65
2S7
3
68
2S4
301
3
71
2S1
5
76
276
309
2
78
274
4
82
270
5
87
205
360
8
95
257
3
98
254
3
101
251
403
5
106
246
4
110
242
424
3
113
239
1
114
238
3
117
235
427
8
125
227
427
6
131
221
4
135
217
1
136
216
1
137
215
3
140
212
3
143
209
2
145
207
4
149
203
1
150
202
1
151
201
1
152
200
2
1
154
155
198
197
8
158
194
1
159
193
H
161
191
4
165
187
1
166
186
400
2
168
184-
4
2
172
174
180
178
1
175
177
5
2
180
182
172
170
3
1S5
167
407
1
186
166
Places.
Wcedsport
Centerport
Port Byron
Montezuma
Pitt Lock -
Clyde
Lock Berlin
Lyons
East Arcadia
Lockville
Newark
Port (iibsou
Palmyra
Macedon
Wayneport
Knappville
Fairport
Fullam's Basin
Bushnell's Dasin
CartersvUIe
Pittsford
Lock No. 65
Drighton
Rochester
Greece (6-mile grocery) ...
Brockways ,
Spencerport
Adams Basin
Cooleys Basin
Drockport
Holley
Ilulberton
Brockville
Hindsburgh ,
Albion
Gaines Basin ,
Eagle Harbor
Knowlesville
Medina
Shelbys Basin
Middl'eport ,
Reynales Basin
Mabees
Gasport
Orangeport
Millards
Lockport
Sulphur Springs, G. Lock
Pendleton
Pickardsville
Martinsville
Tonawanda
Lower Black Rock
Black Rock
Buffalo
<* 2
g
sS
41
5
ss
e<5 «
t3 g
*; a,
4
8 qa 32
190
162
402
2
192
160
2
194
158
5
199
153
391
6
205
147
5
210
142
397
4
214
138
3
217
135
410
3
220
132
3
223
129
1
224
12S
3
227
125
5
232
120
445
4
236
116
3
239
113
2
241
111
3
244
108
462
1
245
107
3
248
104
2
250
102
1
251
101
2
253
99
3
256
96
471
3
259
93
509
7
266
86
3
269
83
2
271
81
3
274
78
3
277
75
2
279
73
5
284
68
3
287
65
1
2S8
64
1
289
63
4
293
59
2
295
57
1
296
56
3
299
53
4
303
49
3
306
46
3
309
43
4
313
39
1
314
38
1
315
37
1
316
36
2
318
34
3
321
31
565
5
326
26
2
328
24
5
: !
19
3
! i
16
4
340
12
8
::is
4
1
349
3
3
352
60
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER,
The number of locks Trill be 74, or 10 less than the original number. 1 The banks of the enlarged
canal are protected from -washing by slope walls, consisting of stone firmly packed upon the sloping
sides. The canal will allow the passage of boats of 200 to 250 tons burden. Steam has been
introduced to some extent in propelling boats, and the success of the experiment has been so great
that probably steam power will ultimately supersede horse power.
Tlie Cliamplain Canal, extending from the Erie Canal, near Cohoes, to Lake Cham-
plain, was begun June 10, 1818, finished to Waterford Nov. 28, 1822, and completed Sep. 10, 1823,
at an original cost of $875,000, exclusive of the feeder to Glens Falls. It is 64 mi. long and has
a navigable feeder of 7 mi. to Glens Falls, with a slackwater navigation 5 mi. further upon the
Hudson. 2
Tlae Clienaiisro Canal, 3 connecting the Erie Canal at Utica with the Susquehanna River
at Binghamton, was authorized Feb. 23, 1833. It is 97 mi. long, exclusive of 13f mi. of feeders,
none of which are navigable.
The Black River Canal and Erie Canal Feeder extends from Rome up the
valley of the Mohawk and of Lansing Kil to Boonville, and thence it descends the valley of Black
River to a point below the High Falls. From the latter point is a river navigation 42J mi. to Car-
1 The chambers of the enlarged locks are 110 by 18 feet, and
their lift varied from •". (■• 15} feet. The canal leaves Lake Erie
at Buffalo. I'll iwa the riv. r lank to Black Hock, and conimuni-
wiih the dam at that place. At a point 10 mi. below liuf-
mawanda Creek, follows its channel 12 mi., and
cross • . ago a rock catting, to the brow of the
mountain ridge, at L kp irt, where it descends 55.83 feet by 5
combined locks. It continues thence, eastward, from 1 to 3 mi.
8. of the ridge r ad, to Rochester, crosses theGeneseeuponastone
aqueduct, in 1: - a circuitous sweep across the Irondequoitvalley,
aloiiL- the t ■;. of a natural range of hills, and finally delivers the
Lake Erie i River, after supplying 153 mi.
of the Brie Canal, and affording a large amount of water-power
at various points along its course. It then rises by 2 locks.
■I- into t _ a valley by 1 lock, and then ri-
3 lock- to the long level which extends from Syracuse to Utica.
fr"m whence it descends the Mohawk valley, mostly on its s.
) the Hudson. Below Schenectady, it twice crosses the
w'i{. upon stone aqueducts. It is continued down the
bank of tl n to Albany, where it terminates in a spa-
basin. At West Troy it also opens into the Hudson. The
_ ing w. ar< . I up, and 43.5 feet down, or
The canal is fed by numerous streams
aloDg its course, and by 9 reserv. .ir-. all of which, with a single
exception, are upon the middle division. They are as follows :
Reservoirs.
1 -
>k
1 I' ii I
Total
«^T
a
Acres in
,c e
•-
area.
^ i ,g >
-^
B$ a-S
-■<
840
46
21*
134
15
10
25 1
60
50
184
25
173
18
8
1 :■
18
11
55
46
6
...
41
11,616
ft! S
20
8
3«
1
i
4
2
10
' '
« r.uilt in lV.T, at a cost ot 73. In Nelson, Madison
r.
VeT Canal.
r !•> the long level ol I anal.
i I
d cted with
Kock.
* A company (tried th
W«s | Ql fell .1 !■.
mmu-
•II. interri [the route "f
Tie- 1'iiilt of tl the Erie. II
tawk in
length, and ifthello lyler-
by another d
ftx-t long, and continues near the east bank to Fori
Here it leaves the river and crosses to the valley of Wood Creek,
and thence, partly in the bed of that stream, to Whitehall.
When this canal was first opened slackwater navigation upon
the Hudson was used 8 miles above and 3 miles below Fort
Miller, with a short canal aud 2 locks around the falls at that
place. It was fed from the Hudson by means of a high and
costly dam near Fort Edward. The use of the channel of the
Hudson is now entirely superseded by a canal along its bank,
built in 1826-27 ; and the high dam has given place to a feeder to a
point above Glens Falls, where there is a dam 770 feet long and
12 feet high. The feeder enters the canal at the summit level,
lj miles n.b. from Fort Edward. The canal communicates
with the Hudson above the State dam at Waterford by a side-
cut with 3 locks. It has 7 locks between the lake and the sum-
mit, with 54 feet total lift, and 14 locks, with a total of 134 feet,
between the Summit and the Hudson at Waterford. The locks
on this canal are being enlarged to a capacity of 15 J by 100 feet.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Champlain Canal.
Places.
Albany
West Troy
Junction
Waterford
Mechanics ville
Stillwater Village
]!!'■. ckers Tiasiu
Wilburs Basin
Van Hi ii- ii- landing..
Schuylerville
Saratoga I'.ridge
Fori Uiller
Kil
Port Edward
I lei
- Basin
Smiths Basin
Landing
Whitehall
<o
^
S-2
fA
3-J
<U
,5 i
%>
^t
^
- =
$
71
7
7
r.4
7
64
25
3
10 '
61
55
8
18
53
4
22
49
2
•Jl
47
2
26
46
6
31
40
3
34
37
100
2
36
35
110
3
39
32
131
3
42
29
5
47
24
140
2
■to
22
150
1
50
21
5
55
16
4
59
12
4
63
8
8
71
96
Glens Falls Feeder.
Blacks.
Champlain Canal....
Sandy Hill
Glens Kail-
• ii,,. | ... ,|..r.
' is- Pond...
Stilt S from
place to jib ice.
2
3
Total 12
* This canal is supplied by Chenango River and 6 reservoirs,
viz..- — Moiii- n Brook, Woodmans Pond, Lelands Pond, Bradleys
Itnx.k. Ilai. h- Lake, and Eaton Brook Reservoirs,— all of which
are in the - nib pari of Madison co. The
to and up the valley of Oriskany Creek t" the sun mi it level, and
down th>- valley >.i Chenango River. It ws -and
flni»hed in 1837, al a cost of (1,787,? m Dtica to the
; feet by 7 rad fin in thence ii descends
ks to the Susquehanna. Of its 114 locka,2are
ider composite. Upon the feeders are 12
farm bridges.
CANALS.
CI
thage, on the line of Jefferson co. At Boonville the canal receives a navigable feeder 12 mi. long,
which derives its water from Black River. Length of main canal 3C.G2 mi., of feeders 12.48 mi.,
and of reservoirs 12.95 mi. 1
Tlie Oneida Lake Canal 2 connects the Erie Canal at Higginsvillo (3| mi.) with Wood
Creek, and by slackwater, 2£ mi. on that stream, with Oneida Lake, a total distance of 6 mi., and
a descent of 56 ft.
Tlie Oswego Canal, extending from Syracuse to Oswego, was authorized Nov. 20, 1824.
A loan of $100,000 was allowed April 20, 1825; it was begun in 1826, and was completed in 1828,
at a cost of $525, 115. 3 It is 38 mi. long,and includes 19 mi. of slackwater navigation in Oswego
and Seneca Rivers, with a towing path on the e. bank. Connected with this work are the Oneida
River Improvement, extending the whole length of that stream from Three River Point
to Fort Brewerton, at the outlet of Oneida Lake ; the Seneca River Improvement, ex-
tending from Mud Lock, on the Oswego Canal, to Baldwinsville, by slackwater navigation ; and
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Chenango Canal.
Places.
Utiea
Road leading from New Hart-
ford to Whitesboro
Clinton
Deansville
Oriskany Falls
Solsville
Bouckville
Pecks Basin
Hamilton
Lebanon Factory
Earlpville
Sherburne
North Norwich
Plastei-ville
Norwich
Oxford
Haynes Mill
Greene
Forks
Pond Brook
Port Crane
Crockers Mills
Binghamton
"S-2
"3 a.
3
6
5
5
3
2
2
4
2
4
5
4
2
4
9
10
4
8
2
5
1
7
•i>
^5
3
9
14
19
22
24
26
30
32
36
41
45
47
51
60
70
74
82
84
89
90
97
J- 3
l?5
97
94
88
83
78
75
73
71
67
65
61
56
52
50
46
37
27
23
15
13
8
7
427
572
775
956
1,109
1,128
1,112
1,078
1,033
1,01S
996
958
924
881
814
1 This canal was authorized April 19, 1836, and began the next
summer. The summit level is 693 feet above the canal at Rome,
to which it descends by 70 locks. Northward the canal descends
386 feet, by 39 locks. The feeder has but one level. The State
has caused reservoirs to be formed by damming the outlet of
Woodhull, Chub, North and South Branch, and other lakes in
Herkimer co. The Eight Lakes near the source of Moose River
are available as reservoirs to supply Black River with water,
withdrawn to feed the canal southward.
Table of the principal Lakes which are used or available as
reservoirs.
Lakes.
Chub Lake
Sand "
Mud "
Woodhull Lake.
South Branch...
North " ...
Jocks Lake
Moose "
First " ,
Second "
Third "
Fourth " ,
Fifth «
Sixth " ,
Seventh" ,
Eighth "
Area in
acres.
530
1,236
518
423
403
175
166
1,979
9
53
1,609
309
Feet above
tide.
1,599
1,793
1,799
1,854
2,019
1,821
2,188
1,772
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,687
1,691
1,760
1.762
1.776
In September, 1857, the Canal Board abandoned its plans for
improving the channel of Black River by wing-dams and piers,
and ordered a dam and lock to be built at the mouth of Otter
Creek. The river has no towing path, and boats are towed by
steamers. The State has built a dam and bridge at Carthage,
and the piers of two other bridges, of which the superstructure
is built by the towns.
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Slack Eiver
Canal.
Places.
Rome
Ridge Mills
Lock No. 7
Walworth's Storehouse
Westernville
Wells Brook Aqueduct
Stringers Creek
Lansing Kil
Lock No. 31
Lansing Kil Dam or Feeder
Lower Falls, Lansing Kil
tipper Falls, Lansing Kil ...
Lock No. 70
Boonville
Sugar River
Little Falls, Black River
Port Leyden
Lock No. 97
Lyons Falls
g
-a &?
3 8
*4
1 s
2 I
5^
35
2
2
33
3
5
30
1
6
29
3
9
26
2
11
24
2
13
22
1
14
21
2
16
19
1
17
18
2
19
16
2
21
14
2
23
12
2
25
10
3
28
7
1
29
6
3
32
3
1
33
2
2
35
427
595
643
683
783
1.130 |
1,120
892
734
Boonville Feeder.
Hawkinsville, on Feeder 3 miles from Boonville.
A. Lee's, on " 5 " " "
R. B. Miller's, on " 6 " " "
State Dam, on " 10 " " "
Head of Reservoir 12 " " "
2 This canal was completed in the fall of 1835 by a company
incorporated March 22, 1S32, as the "Oneida Lake Canal Co."
The company having to use the waters of the Erie Canal from
the long level, were required to supply an equivalent amount.
A feeder was constructed 5 miles west, drawing its waters from
Oneida Creek. It is 2 miles long, and not navigable. The
company had authority to extend its improvements 4 miles up
Wood Creek, but nothing was ever done in that direction. By
an act of May 11, 1840, the Canal Commissioners were authorized
to purchase it at a cost not exceeding $50,000, winch was done
April 12, 1841, and State stock bearing 5 per cent, interest, and
redeemable in 10 years, was issued in payment. The first cost
of the canal and feeder was $78,824.S5.
This canal forms an important link in the internal water
communication of the State, extending navigation from the
Erie Canal to Oneida Lake, and by the Oneida Outlet to the
Oswego Canal and River. Before the Erie Canal was built the
Oneida Lake route was the great thoroughfare for the transporta-
tion of goods westward.
8 The act did not originally authorize a connection with the
Erie Canal, but only a communication with Onondaga Lake.
The connection was recommended by the commissioners in 1827.
and it was authorized soon after. This canal has a fall of 123
feet by 18 locks.
The Oneida River Improvement has 2 steamboat locks, one
of 3 and one of 3i feet lift, 120 feet long and 30 wide, passing
boats drawing 4 feet of water. It also has one dam and one
draw bridge at Oak Orchard and Brewerton.
62
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER,
thence by a canal three-fourths of a mile long, with one lift and one guard lock, and by slack-
water on the Seneca River to Jacks Reef.
fay ugra and Seneca Canal connects the Erie Canal at Montezuma with Cayuga Lake at
Cayuga and with Seneca Lake at Geneva. About half of the canal is formed by slackwater
navigation upon Seneca River, and the remainder is a channel parallel to the river. As enlarged,
this canal admits the passage of large boats from the Erie Canal to the head of Cayuga and Seneca
Lakes. 1
Crooked Lake Canal connects Crooked Lake at Pcnn Tan with Seneca Lake at Dresden. 2
Chemung Canal and Feeder connects Seneca Lake at Watkins with Chemung River
at Elmira, with a navigable feeder from Knoxville on Chemung River to Horseheads, on the
summit level of the Chemung Canal, including slackwater navigation from the dam and guard
lock at Gibson to Knoxville. 8
Tlie Genesee Valley Canal extends from Rochester up the Genesee Valley to Olean
upon the Allegany. The summit level is 978 ft. above Rochester and 86 ft. above the Allegany
River, at Olean, and from it 97 locks descend toward the n. and 9 toward the s. 4
<tU, Distances, and Bn-af'ons upon the Oswego Canal.
FLACE3.
-y ICON .
Salina
Liverpool
Mud Lock
• : rin_"
New Bridge
River Point.,
Lock
k
Fulton
Braddock'e Rapid...
Tiff.iny's Landing...
lli.-h Ram
£ a.
^3
3
11
•^ B,
38
2
2
36
3
6
33
2
7
31
1
8
30
5
13
25
2
15
23
2
17
21
3
20
18
3
23
15
4
27
11
4
31
7
4
35
3
1
36
2
2
38
400
368
358
345
306
243
Oneida River Improvement.
Places.
Three River Point..
Oak Orchard
Il ll"V
Bn werton
S. ruca Hirer Improvement.
Miles from
place to place.
4
4
7
5
20
Mud Lock
BaldwinsvDle.
J
Total.
18
ii and Seneca Canal— Stations and Distances.
Puck. ;"'''■
place tn place.
Montezuma
i River
mont'i
> PalU
Chamberlain'! Mills....
Lateral Canal I
Cayuga
Total.
23
The Seneca L«ck N Oo. wu Ine rp rated April 0.
for the pi the oath I i and
• Lakes; and the Cayuga and Seneca Canal Co. was char-
I AprD 20, 1816. [ta capital was Increased in
and in 1817 a further r.i|] ut. upon the • riglna] stock
was authorised, fndndlng a llki lymonton
by the State. Ti< ming this work by the
State was approved In 1826, and the interest of tb mpany was
purchased for 133,867.18, excl -■•■■ at the amotml owned by the
State. The work was begun iu 1826, and finished in 1828," at a
cost of $214,000. The inlet to Cayuga Lake is navigable li
miles to Ithaca. The locks of this canal aro all enlarged, ex-
cepting one at Chamberlain's Dam, which will be dispensed
with so as to include the distance from Seneca Falls to Waterloo
in one level. The descent from Geneva to Montezuma is 74 feet
by 12 locks.
2 The survey of this canal was authorized by the Legislature
in 1828. The canal was ordered to be built by an act of April
11, 1829. It was begun in 1830 and finished in 1S33. It has a
descent of 2C9 feet by 27 locks. It extends water communica-
tion to the various ports upon Crooked Lake.
Crooked Lalce Canal — Stations and Distances.
Puces Miles from
■^ LACES - place to place.
Dresden
Mallory's
Andrews and Ways 2
Penn Yan 2
Crooked Lake 1
Total..
3 This canal was authorized April 15, 1S29, and its construc-
tion was begun in that year and finished in 1S33. The total
lockages on both the canal and feeder are 516 feet by 53 locks, and
the original cost was $344,000. From Cornhig. the Blossburg &
Corning R.R. ascends into the bituminous coal region of Tioga
co., Penn., and this article forms a very important item in the.
business of the canal. It also communicates with the Erie
R. R. The Junction Canal, a privata enterprise connecting the
Chemung Canal at Elmira with tho North Branch Canal of
Penn. at Athens, 19 mi. 8., promises to become an important
tributary I" the trad.' of this mini l.y opening access to the
coal region. The diversion of Chemung River into our canals
has boon made a subject of complaint and remonstrajice by the
State of Penn. Plans have been proposed for using Mnd Lake,
(459 acres) and Little Lake. (Ton; acres.) in Tyrone, as reser-
voirs to relieve this canal from the inconvenience felt in dry
seasons from low water.
Chemung Canal and Feeder — Stations and Distances.
Feeder.
PLACE8. J1I1.ES.
Horseheads
Miller's basin 7
ham at bead of Feeder.. 7
Knoxville 2
PUCES. MILES
i Lake
Havana 4
Millport 8
ii irsi heads 7
Elmira fi
Knoxville 22
Total.
47
Total 16
* This canal was authorized by act of May 8, 1836, and was
begun the same year. The portion from the Junction to
Rochi ter and the Dansvllle side-cut, in all 52 miles, u:is
finished InlM": to Oraniol. :>.0 miles further, with the fieni
Feeder at thai place, in 1861; to Bel&st, 2 miles, in 1863; to
Rockvule.3 mil' -. in 1864, and to Olean, 24 miles, in 1866. A
lie mile, With 2 lift locks and 2 bridges, still remains
to be finished.
Ihfl repairs of the first and second sections of this canal were
nut under contract for five years in Dec. 1855. the former for
(8,440 and the latter for fliyino j»t annum. In consequence
of heavy freshets and unexpected damages, the contractor on
the lir-i section abandoned his contract In June, ls.YT.
An net passed, ls;,7. authorized the extension of this canal
from Otean eastward acro°s Olean Creek and the bottom lands
along the H. bank of the Allegany to its entrance into Mill Grove
Pond, C.62 miles.
CANALS.
63
Besides the foregoing navigable improvements by the State, the following have been placed
under the direction of the Canal Commissioner for construction :
The Owasco Lake Improvement, ordered in 1852, and designed to make this lake a
reservoir for supplying a water power for the machinery in Auburn State Prison. 1
The draining' of Cayuga Marshes, for reclaiming a large amount of land, estimated
at 40,000 acres, at the outlet of Cayuga Lake and along Seneca River. By an act of April 12,
1853, the channel of the river was ordered to be lowered, and the lands benefitted to be taxed for
the expense. Surveys have been made and the work partly accomplished under the direction of
the Canal Commissioners. 2
Several companies have been incorporated for the purpose of constructing navigable canals, but,
with two or three exceptions, none of these have at present a corporate existence.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal, extending from Rondouton the Hudson to Hones-
dale, Penn., is the most important of these. It is connected with the Lackawanna coal region by a
r. r. 16 mi. long, and is one of the principal routes by which coal is brought to the market upon
the Hudson. 3
Stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Genesee Valley Canal.
Places.
Rochester
Rapids (Lock No. 1) ,
Tone's Basin
Scottsville
Canawaugus (Avon road)
Sackett's Basin
Fowlerville Road
Barclay's Mill
Piffardinm -
Spencer'-s Basin
Tracy's Basin
Cuylerville - -..
Leicester, Moscow Landing
Genesee River Dam
Mount Morris
Shaker Settlement
Brushville -
Nunda
Messenger's Hollow
Genesee Falls (Tunnel section)
Porta geville ,
Lock No. 61
Mixville Landing, Wiscoy Feeder.
Fillmore
Burrville
Caneadea Center
Oramel
Belfast
Rockvillo
Caseville
Black Creek Corners
Cuba
Ischua Feeder
Hinsdale
Olean ,
o
2
8
12
20
22
24
26
29
30
32
33
34
36
37
41
46
51
53
57
59
64
65
69
75
76
78
80
83
84
88
93
99
100
107
"S
107
105
99
95
87
85
83
81
78
77
75
74
73
71
70
66
61
56
54
50
48
43
42
38
32
31
29
27
24
23
19
14
8
7
33
507
537
557
564
589
600
796
947
1,132
1,152
1,222
1,315
1,410
1,4S5
1,399
Dansville Branch.
Places.
Shaker Settlement....
Fitzhugh's Basin
Kysorvillo
Rock Spring
Sherwoods Landing-
Steam Sawmill
McNairs Landing
Woodville
Commonsville
Dansville
Miles from
place to place.
Total .
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1 This work was 2 years in charge of the Agent of the State
Prison and the Mayor of Auburn, but in 1855 it was placed in
the hands of the Canal Commissioners. The work, up to 1857,
was greatly injured by a Spring flood. From 1852 to 1S57 in-
clusive, $33,485 had been appropriated for this work.
2 In 1824, and several times afterward, the drainage of these
marshes was made the subject of legislative enactment, but
without other results than surveys. A concise history of this
movement is given in Senate Doc. 35. 1853. The work was
placed in 1853 under the direction of George Geddes, and up to
1858, $175,000 had been appropriated and mostly expended. —
Report Canal Commissioners, 1858, p. 110.
3 The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company was incorporated
April 23, 1823, with a capital of $1,500,000, with the right of
using $50,000 in banking until 1844. The credit of the State
was loaned for $800,000, in stock, bearing interest of 4£ or 5 per
cent. The canal was begun in July, 1825, and opened for nee in
Oct. 1828. Its length from Rondout to Port Jervis, on the Dela-
ware, is 59 miles; and from Port Jervis, up the Delaware to the
mouth of the Lakawaxen, 24 miles. It crosses the river at the
latter place, and extends 20 miles further to Honesdale. Its
highest summit between the Hudson and Delaware Rivera is 585
feet above tide. Its descent to the Delaware is 80 feet ; its rise
along the Delaware is 148 feet: and it.s rise between the Delaware
and Honesdale 187 feet. The aggregate number of hicks is 107,
and the total rise and fall is 950 feet. The railroad to the coal
mines is also owned by the Canal Company. The original cost
of the New York section of the canal was $1,424,994, and of the
Penn. section $612,123. The company own most of the beats
used upon the canal, and conduct tho mining operations at Car-
bondale. Present capital, $7,500,000. The canal was originally
constructed to afford 4 feet of depth, and to accommodate boats
of 30 tons. In Sept., 1842, a plan of enlargement was adopted,
and 5 feet of water was obtained, accommodating boats of 40 tons
each. In 1S51 a further enlargement was completed, obtaining
6 feet of water, and accommodating boats of 120 tons. The
locks are now constructed with a single gate at the upper end,
which turns down upon hinges like a door. It is found to be
very serviceable, and much quicker to operate than the double
gate.
Annual Receipts of Tolls on the Delaware and Hudson Canal
since its completion.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
1841.
1842.
1843.
1844.
$16,422,44
20,554,64
28,717,51
37,004,58
36,946.07
41,154.73
45,154.73
44,832.42
40,328.38
40,095.26
35,450.46
39.38S.19
33,894.93
30,996.53
33,525.61
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1S51
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857.
1858
$25,880
26,068
38,971
46.54S
34,817
97.999
158.441
293,174
378,479
587.349
652,362
583.737
435.19S
.92
65
.34
54
95
15
.96
.67
.83
.52
94
86
44
64
NEW YOKE STATE GAZETTEER.
Distances on the Delaware and Hudson Canal.
Names of Places.
Eddyville
Greenkill
Hornbeck's Bridge
Head of Pond
uburgh's Basin.
he Fever's Falls
Bosendale
Lawrence's Mills
Marble Quarries
High Falls
Hasbrouck's Basin
Philip Hasbrouck's
Clove Church
Alligerville
John S. Depuy'e Basin....
Enoch Freiland's
Stony Hill Aqueduct
Port Jackson
David V. DO v's
c. P. Hornl • k*s
M on lit Bin Brook
Middleport
Rniyn's Basin
Port Uv\- m.
Port Benjamin
Heirstard's 1 ! r i 1 ^e
Southwick's Brick Yard.
Terwilliger's Feeder
Kll'-nvilk-
Cutler's Basin
Broadhead'tt Brickhill
Jared i: i r. he's
l'.-nn.v- Basin ,
]_-•'
Phillipspoii
Daw — summit Level
lurgh
nse in Swamp
Smith - - imp
Qumare's Brook
Wnrtsboro'
-
"!?.,
No. 1
to
4
5
6
7
8 and 9
10 and 11
12 to 19
20 and 21
22
23
24
26
2S
29 and 30
31 and 32
33
24
35 and 36
37 and 38
39 to 41
42 to 51
52 to 54
1«
Miles from
108
1
107
2
106
3
105
4
104
5
103
6
102
7
101
8
100
9
99
10
98
11
97
12
96
13
95
14
94
15
93
16
92
17
91
18
90
19
89
20
88
21
87
22
86
23
85
24
84
25
83
26
82
27
81
28
80
29
79
30
78
31
77
32
76
33
75
34
74
35
73
36
72
37
71
38
70
39
69
40
68
41
67
Names of Places.
Graham's Basin
Manerza Smith's
Brown Haven ,
Oak Brook Aqueduct
Indian Spring
Tunnel Hill
AVcstbrookville
Samuel Staunten's
Van Inweigen's Basin
Cuddebackville
Neversink Aqueduct
Piersonville
Solomon Van Etten's Bridge
Canal Store
Hornbeck's Culvert
Bird's Nest Hock
Stop Gate— Pine Woods
Benjamin Cuddeback's ,
Port Jervis
Stop Gate — Westfall's Basin.
Sparrow Bush Brook
Honesville
Bolton
Butler's Falls
Mongaup
Dickerson's Eddy
Stairway Brook
Vanaukin's Bridge
Fish Cabin Brook
Tucker's Aqueduct
Pond Eddy
Van Tuyl's Brook
Van Tuyl's Basin
Craigsville
Buttermilk Falls
Handsome Eddy
David Johnston's
Barrysville
Panther Brook
Beaver Brook
Stop Lock
Delaware Dam
V
§1
55 to 59
60
61
62 and 63
64
65
66
67
68
69 and 70
""h
72 and 73
G'nd L'k.
SI
§1
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
SO
81
82
83
§,3
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
Table of Companies ichich have been organized for Constructing Canals and Extending Navigation
in the State.
Names op Cabals.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Allegany I - .water Na-
Auburn < .in ii and T:. R. Oo
Auburn & Owasco Canal Co
ft Penn.
i n Co.
Bin.
Oassa i Co
Cattatunk Dock Navigation Co..
1 ' iri.il Co.,
CliitU i
tr- A- Susquehanna Na-
r Na-
mes Bay A East Hirer
I
Harlem Canal fo
II idem BJvet Canal Co-
Hudson River A Channel Co.....
Jefferson Connty Canal
Junction i
April 7, 1857
April 24, 1832
April 21,1828
April 9, 1855
March 20, 1828
April 5, 1810
April 16,1827
March 8,1816
April 20,1816
May 12,1846
Man ll 1, 1818
April
April
April
April
April
20,1825
23, 1820
24,1837
11. 1- It
16, 1827
April 4,1806
April
April
I'l. 1828
r-v\ 'i
150.000
100,000
100,000
400,000
10.000
20,000
70,000
6,000
5-000
600,000
3,600
300,000
100,000
Connections.
Auburn and Erie Canal
Auburn and Owasco Lake
Erie Canal and Black River
Brownville and Lake Ontario....
Montezuma and Seneca Lake....
Bingbamton to Btate line
Chittenango Village and Brie
Canal.
are and Susquehanna
Itivcr.
City of Brooklyn may causo to
lif constructed.
Lake and Lower Bridge at
Cliamplain.
Champlain Canal and Bishops
• '..rners.
Bast River and Manhattanville.
Bpnyten Dnyrfl Creek and Har-
lem River.
For raft navigation on upper
water.
Carthage and Sackcta Harbor....
From Brie Canal near Cham-
plain Junction to HudSOD
Kivcr.
Remarks
To improve Allegany Biver be-
low Olean.
Nothing dona
Charter renewed in 1S34; not
finished.
Act amended in 1857.
Nol I Ting done.
Not constructed.
TuiiiiproveOissudaga Creek; not
completed.
To improve Cattatuuk Creek
fi "in its mouth to N. Vf.
branch. Nothing done.
Rights purchased by the State.
Nothing done.
Assumed by the State, and used
as a navigable feeder to Erie
i anal.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partially improved.
Nothing done.
Partly done and abandoned.
Surveyed but Dot constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
CANALS.
65
Table of Companies which have been organized for Constructing Canals and Extending Navigation
in the State, continued.
Names of Canals.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Connection.
Remarks.
Long Island Canal & Naviga-
tion Co.
Mohawk & Hudson Lock
Navigation Co.
Northern Inland Lock Naviga-
tion Co.
Northern Slackwater & RaU-
way Co.
May 11, 1845
AprU 15,1828
April 8, 1848
AprU 15,1828
AprU 17,1816
AprU 16,1816
AprU 19, 1823
AprU 5, 1798
March 30, 1792
May 13, 1846
March 22, 1832
Nov. 25, 1824
March 31, 1821
April 11,1825
AprU 25, 1831
May 1, 1829
AprU 8, 1808
March 26, 1831
AprU 1, 1808
May 16, 1837
AprU 30, 1S29
AprU 6, 1813
March 31, 1815
March 19, 1829
From Chemung Canal at Elmira
to State line to connect with
North Branch Canal.
To connect Bays on 8. side and
to cross Canoe Place to Peco-
nic Bay.
Completed in 1858.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done.
State Canal Feeder.
Nothing done.
The project failed. The State
loaned its credit for $10,000
and lost the whole sum.
Surveyed nearly on the present
line of the Hudson R. R.
Nothing done.
Work commenced but no part
completed.
Nothing done.
Finished in 1835, and purchased
by the State in 1841.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
The right granted in 1828 to
build a e. r. on the line.
Nothing done on either.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Railroad only constructed.
Locks completed but too smaU
for general use.
Never completed.
Merged in Cayuga & Seneca
Canal.
Nothing done.
Partly constructed, but never
used.
$200,000
300,000
50,000
500,000
50,000
Erie Canal and Manlius Slack-
water Navigation.
Cohoes Falls and Schenectady...
From Sharon, Conn., to tide
water to any point on the
Hudson or in the City of
New York.
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario
Hudson River and Lake Cham-
plain.
40,000
100,000
Erie Canal and Onondaga
Hollow.
Canandaigua Lake and Erie
Canal.
From Columbia, on the Dela-
ware, through Orange co., to
the Hudson.
From the St. Lawrence to Black
Lake and Canton.
Owasco Lake and Erie Canal
To construct Locks and Dams
in Peconlc River.
For building Locks at Isle an
Rapid.
Lake Ontario and Port Ontario..
Scottsville and Genesee River.
For improving navigation
between Seneca and Cayuga
Lakes.
From Seneca Lake to Chemung
River near Elmira.
From Seneca River or Canan-
daigua outlet to Great Sodus
Bay.
From river to Chenango Canal.
Wallabout Bay and TUlory St.
Brooklyn.
Wallabout Bay to Kent Avenue,
Brooklyn.
To open navigation on the Mo-
hawk, Wood Creek, Oneida,
and Oswego Rivers to Lake
Ontario.
Orange & Sussex Canal Co »
Pecouic River Lock Navigation
Co.
Rochester Canal & R. R. Co
Salmon River Harbor Canal Co..
Seneca & Susquehanna Lock
Navigation Co.
150,000
30,000
350,000
15.000
50,000
300,000
200,000
Wallabout Canal Co
Western Inland Lock Naviga-
tion Co.
May 20, 1836
April 9, 1828
AprU 18,1838
March 30, 1792
20,000
25,000
Not constructed.
Completed to Oneida Lake in
1797. The rights were after-
ward vested in the State,
and such as were avaUable
were used for the Erie Canal.
RAIL ROADS.
The first rail road in the State, and the second in the U. S., was opened from Albany to
Schenectady in 1831. Although rudely constructed, at great and much needless expense, the
advantages of this means of communication became so apparent that within 3 years rail roads,
duly chartered by law, were projected in every part of the State. 1 These early grants were gene-
rally limited to 50 years, and work was required to be commenced within 3 years, the State being
allowed to become purchaser at the expiration of the charter. The charters contained the neces-
sary provisions for the taking of property by appraisements, named the commissioners for opening
subscriptions, and sometimes for locating and surveying the road, which in a few instances was
done at the expense of the State.
At an early period the aid of the General Government was solicited, in view of the utility of these
roads in the transportation of the mails, and, in case of war, of military supplies ; but, with the
exception of surveys made in two instances, no aid was obtained from this source. The State has
1 Albany, Vermont, &, Canada Rail Road, for-
merly the Albany Northern R. R. Company organized
Feb. 12, 1851. Connects Albany and Eagle Bridge. Road
opened through about the 1st of July, 1853. It was sold
under foreclosure of mortgage Oct. 16, 1856, and assumed
its present name Nov. 7, following.
Albany, Vermont, and Canada Hail Road.
Stations and Distances.
Stations.
Albany
Cemetery...
West Troy
Cohoes
Waterford
Saratoga Junction.
Schaghticoke
Pittstown
Johnsonville
liu-kirks
Eagle Bridge
Distances in" Mi
Between
From
Stations.
Albany.
4
4
2
6
3
9
2
11
1
12
10
22
1
23
3
26
5
31
2
33
From
EagURdg.
33
29
27
24
22
21
11
10
7
2
Albany <fc AVcst Stockbrldge Rail Road, for-
merly Oaatleton <t West Stockbridgo R. R. Company or-
ied April 19, 1830, but nothing was dune under the first
name. Present Dame assumed Mav 5, 1836. Road opened
from Orocnbueh to « 'hat ham Dec. 21, 1841, and to the State
line Bept 12, 1MJ. It was leased to the Western (Mass.)
R. R. Not. 1*. 1841, for the term of its charter; and has
since been u a part of that road, Including the
ferry at Albany. The city of Albany, at different times,
issued its bonds f r fLO0O,00O, to aid in building the road,
t)i- lessees paying the intep-.it and flu. mm annually toward
the sinking fund. It connects Albany with Springfield and
Boston.
W'Mcrn Had Road.
Stations and Distances.
Bub ••<-.
Albany
Qreenooib
Schnd.u-k
Undertook — - -■■
Chathim Center
Chatham fan Corners.
East Chatham.-
Canaan
State Line.- -••
Pittsfield, Mass.
Springfield, "
Worcester, "
Boston, "
DmAxem IN Ml
Between
From
Motions.
All/any.
1
1
7
8
8
16
a
19
4
23
6
28
5
88
6
38
11
49
63
102
54
156
44
:■■<
From
Boston.
2m
199
l'<j
1-1
1<>1
177
172
167
I'J
l.'.l
98
44
Atlantic &. Great Western Rail Road Co. was
formed Dec. 9, 1S58. The Hne extendi from th<- New York
A Erie R, R, at Little Vulhy to the s. line of Chautauque
county.
60
Attica <£• Hornellsvitte Rail Road. Company incorporated May
14, 1S45 : capital $750,000. Time extended April 11, 1849.
Other roads allowed to take stock April 9, 1851. Capital in-
creased and company allowed to purchase the Buffalo A
Rochester R. R., from Attica to Buffalo, and to change its
name March 3, 1851. Name changed to Buffalo & New
York City It. R., April 16, 1S51.
Black River & Utica Rail Road. Company
formed Jan. 29, 1S53. Road opened to Trenton Jan. 1, 1855,
and to Boonville Dec. 18, 1855. The city of Utica has is-
sued its bonds for $250,000, to aid in the construction of the
road. It is designed to connect Utica and Clayton.
Black River <£- Vtica Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Utica
Marcy
Floyd Road
StittsviUe
Holland Patent.-...
Trenton.-
Trenton Falls
Prospect _
Remsen
Alder Creek
Boonville
Distances in Miles.
Between
From
From.
Stations.
Utica.
Boonville.
35
6
6
29
2
8
27
2
10
25
2
12
23
4
16
19
li
17}
171
l
18$
16*
2J
21
14
7
28
7
7
35
Blossbnrg &. Corning Rail Road, formerly the
Coniin.' ,v Blossburg It. li.. and previously the Tioga Coal,
Iron Mining, & Manufacturing Co. R. R. Was leased for a
term of years to the Tioga (Pa.) it. R. Co. In lvi4 it was
sold for $250,000, subject to a mortgage of $245,000 and a
ten yars lease to the Tioga Co. It is operated at present
by the lessees.
Blossburg and Corning Railroad.
Stations.
Corning
Erwln Center..
Lindley Town
Blossburg
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
From
Crjrning.
41
From
Blossburg.
41
Brooklyn City Rnll Road. Company formed Dec. 16,
1 s.'.:'.. Opened as follows :
Flashing Avenue Route. Fulton St. to Throop
Avenue in July, 1854
Fulton Avenue Route. Ferry to Washington
Avenue in July. 1854
Myrtle Avenue Route. Fulton St. to Nortram
Avenue in July, 1854
Greenwood Routo. Fulton St. toGowanus Creek
it, Aug. 1854
Washington Avenue to Brooklyn Avenue in Sept. 1854
Kent Avenue to Bushwick Creek in Oct. 1854
(Jowanns Creek to 36th St. in Nov. 1854
Nortram Avenue to Division Avenue In Nov. 1854
RAIL ROADS.
67
upon several occasions loaned its credit to r. r. companies by issuing stock and retaining a lien
upon the roads, which in some cases was afterward relinquished, and in others sacrificed by sale
at nominal prices.
Throop Avenue to Division^A venue in April, 1S55
Hamilton Avenue Route, Court St. to Ferry in May, 1855
This road is used for passengers only, and
horse power is exclusively employed.
36th St. to City Line July, 1855
Bnshwick Creek to Kent St. in Oct. 1855
Kent St. to Furman St. in Dec. 1855
City Line to Yellow Hookland in July> 1856
Brooklyn &. Jamaica Rail Road. Company formed
April 25, 1832. In 1836 the road was leased to the Long
Island R. R. Co. for the term of its charter. The lessees
built a tunnel 2.550 feet long under Atlantic St., bought
access to the river, erected buildings and docks at a cost of
over $300,000, and have since maintained and operated the
road in connection with the Long Island R. R., of which it
is virtually a part.
Buffalo, Bradford, <fc Pittsburgh Rail Road
Co. was formed 1859, by the consolidation of the
Buffalo & Bradford and Buffalo & Pittsburgh R. R's.
Buffalo &New York City Rail Road, formerly Attica & Hornells-
ville R. R. Articles filed Jan. 22, 1851. 31 mi. sold to Buf-
falo, New York, & Erie R. R. Oct. 31, 1857, and name
changed to
Buffalo, New York, & Erie Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Buffalo & Corning.
Buffalo
Junction ,
Lancaster
Town Line
Alden
Darien
Attica
Alexander
Batavia
Stafford
Le Roy
Caledonia
Avon
Hamiltons
Livonia
South Livonia
Conesus
Springwater ,
Wayland
Bloods
Liberty
Wallaces
Avoca
Kanona
Bath
Savona
Campbell
Curtis
Coopers ,
Painted Post
Corning
New York
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
1
9.45
4.05
4.95
5.47
6.14
3.40
7.20
5.60
4.32
7.31
6.93
9.05
2.56
3.64
3.71
6.65
4.76
5.91
4.36
4.87
2.88
3.64
3.77
6.15
4.71
1.67
2.60
3.22
1.60
From
Buffalo.
1
10.45
14.5
19.45
24.92
31.06
34.46
41.66
47.26
51.58
58.89
65.S2
74.87
77.43
81.07
84.78
91.43
96.19
102.1
106.46
111.33
114.21
117. So
121.62
127.77
132.48
134.15
136.75
139.97
141.57
From
Corning.
141.57
140.57
131.12
127.07
122.12
116.65
110.51
107.11
99.91
94.31
89.99
82.68
75.75
66.7
64.14
60.5
56.79
50.14
45.38
39.47
35.11
30.24
27.36
23.72
19.95
13.8
9.09
7.42
4.82
1.6
432.63 I 291.06
Rochester Division.
Rochester ..
Henrietta..
Scottsville .
Rush
Avon ,
8.45
3.27
2.27
4.26
From
Rochester.
8.45
11.72
13.99
18.25
From
Avon.
18.25
9.8
6.53
4.26
Hornellsville Division.
Attica
Linden
Middlebury
Warsaw
Gainesville
Castile
Portage
Hunts Hollow .
Nunda
Swainville
Canaseraga
Burns
Hornellsville ...
6.87
4.33
5.78
6.77
2.76
3.61
4.07
2.07
7.17
4.43
4.10
8.30
From
Attica.
6.87
11.2
16.98
23.75
26.51
30.12
34.19
36.26
43.43
47.86
51.96
60.26
From
Hornells-
ville.
60.26
53.39
49.06
43.28
36.51
33.75
30.14
26.07
24
16.S3
12.4
8.3
Buffalo <£ State Line Rail Road. Company formed June 6,
1849. Road opened from Dunkirk to the State Line Jan. 1,
1852, and to Buffalo Feb. 22 following. The Company pur-
chased the North East (Penn.) R. R. under act of April 13,
1857, and now form one company from Buffalo to Erie, Penu.
It is now operated under the name of
Buffalo and Erie Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Buffalo
Hamburg
IS Mile Creek .
Evans Center..
Saw Mill
Irving
Silver Creek....
Dunkirk
Salem
Portland
Westfield
Ripley
Quiucy
State Line
Erie, Penn
Distances in Miles.
Between
From
From
Stations.
Buffalo.
Erie,Ptnn.
88
10
10
78
5
15
73
6
21
67
5
26
62
3
29
59
2
31
57
7
40
48
8
48
40
2
50
38
7
57
31
5
62
26
3
65
23
3
68
20
20
88
Canandaigua <£■ Corning Rail Road. Company incorporated May
11, 1845; capital $1,600,000 Time extended April 15, 1847,
and again March 24, 1849. Surveys were begun June, 1845,
and the construction in Aug. 1S50. Road opened from
Canandaigua to " Jefferson" (now Watkins) 46 1 7 % mi., Sept.
15, 1851, the New York & Erie R. R. furnishing engines, cars,
Ac, for a specific rate per mile. The road was allowed to con-
nect with the Chemung R. R. at Jefferson, and to change
name Sept. 11, 1852, to Canandaigua and Elmira R. R.
Canandaigua <b Elmira Rail Road, changed from Canandaigua
& Corning R. R. Sept. 11, 1852. Leased the Chemung R. R.
17 l 3 ( f mi. and 4 mi. of Erie R. R. Sold to parties in Elmira.
Penn Yan, and Providence. R. I. April 23, 1S57, and possession
given May 1. Price $35,000, subject to $500,000 due bond-
holders, and name changed to the Elmira, Canandaigua, <fc
Niagara Falls R.R. the next day.
Canandaigua ^Niagara Falls Rail Road. Companv incorporated
Dec. 10, 1850; capital $1,000,000. Road opened to Batavia,
50 mi., Jan. 1, 1853, to Niagara Falls 47 mi. July 1, 1S53, and
to Suspension Bridge 1£ mi. April 1, 1854. Sold March 22,
1857, to Jas. M. Brown and others, and name changed to
Niagara Bridge & Canandaigua R. R. Now leased and run
by New York Central R. R.
Cayuga <fc Susquehanna Rail Road, formerly
the Ithaca & Owego R. R., was chartered Jan. 28, 182S, — the
second R.R. charter granted in the State. The road was opened
in April, 1834. An inclined plane at Ithaca rose 1 foot in
4 1 2 s ft. and stationary steam power was used for drawing
up the ears. Above this was another inclined plane, that
rose one foot in 21 ft., on which horse power was used. The
road was subsequently sold by the Comptroller on stock
issued by the State, on which the company had failed to pay
interest. A new company was organized and the present
name assumed April 18, 1843; the road was reconstructed,
the inclined planes were done away with, and Jan. 1. 1855, it
was leased to the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R R.
Co., and is operated by them as the Cayuga Division. This
is an important route from the coal mines of Penn., and coal
forms the principal item of business.
Delaivare, Lackawanna and Western Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Ithaca Pier..
Ithaca
Pugslevs
Willseyville
Candor
Catatunk....
Owego
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
From
Ithaca
Pier.
From,
Owego.
35
2
2
33
13
15
20
6
21
14
4
25
10
6
31
4
4
35
Champlain &, St. Lawrence Rail Road. Com-
pany formed Feb. 26, 1851. The Road extends from Rouses
Point to the Canada line 2i miles, and is leased to a road in
Canada of the same name, which extends to St. Johns and
La Prairie opposite Montreal.
68
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
By resolution of Assembly of Feb. 2, 1843, r. r. companies were required to report annually to
the Secretary of State; and by an act of April 11, 1849, to the State Engineer and Surveyor; a
Chcmnng Rail Road. Company formed Ma}- 14. 1845.
The road extends from Watkins, at the head of Seneca
Lake, to the New York & Erie R. R., 4 mi. N. W. of Elmim.
It was opened in Dec. 1S49: leased to the New York & Erie
R. R. Co. for ten years from Jan. 1, 1S50, for $36,000 per an-
num : and sub-let to the Canandaigua and Elmira R. R.Co.,
for the same. It is now operated by the New York k Erie
R. R. Co.
Chemung Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Jefferson (Watkins)
Havana
Groton Corners
Millport
Pine Valley
Horseheads
Junction -
Elmira
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
3.2
3.7
2
2.8
4.4
1.2
4.3
From
Watkins.
3.2
6.9
8.9
11.7
16.1
17.3
21.6
From
Elmira.
21.6
13.4
14.7
12.7
9.9
5.5
4.3
Elmira, Canandaigua <t Xiagara Falls Rail Road. Changed
from Canandaigua A Niagara Falls R. R. April 24, 1857.
The name was changed to
^Imira, Jefferson &< Canandaigua Rail
Road Co. Feb. 18, 1S59. The road is now leased and
run by the New York & Erie R. R. Co.
Elmira. Jefferson <£■ Canandaigua Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Canandaigua
Ilopewell
(iorham
Halls Comers ,
Bellona
Benton Orator
l'enn Yan
Milo Center
Hirnrf-I-
im
'.-•■am
Jefferson (Watkins)
Elmira
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
From
Canan-
daigua.
6.4
5.3
2.8
3.8
1.9
4
4.1
3.6
3.9
2.6
1.9
6.6
21.6
6.4
11.7
14.5
18.3
20.2
24.2
28.3
31.9
35.8
3S.4
4" i.3
46.9
68.5
From
Watlcins,
(Jefferson
Station.)
46.9
40.5
35.2
32.4
28.6
26.7
22.7
18.6
15
11.1
8.5
21.6
Flushing Rail Road. Company formed Feb. 24, 1852.
1 Jane '-'•'•. 1854. The road exti-uds fnni Flushing to
Hunters < r<- k,and the Co. runs a steamer to Fulton street,
few Y.rk.
FUuhing Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
N*w Y..rk«
' N Point
Penny Bridge
Wlnillold
N<-wtown
National Race Couree.
Flushing
Djst\N' f.-i iv Miles.
riftvrtn
From
From
Station*.
Xew York.
Flush ing.
12
4
4
8
1
5
7
3]
7i
4*
1
8*
31
«
10
2
2
12
• By steamboat between New York and Hunfrs Point.
r-Hle dhCbld Sprina Branch Rail Rnad. Company fanned
June 28, 1861, tod organ u 1 Nor. ::. 1863. n,.. r ,, : ,d was
to extend from Hick«villo to Cold Spring Harbor. It was
opened to Syosset, July 8, 1864. Nothing I. - ben done
beyond there. It has been leased to the Long Island R. R.
0»., and is operated by them.
Hudson & Boston Rail Road. Company allowed
to organize Feb. 22, 1855 ; the organization took place Dec.
1, 1855. The company own and operate the road from Hud-
son to Chatham Four Corners, with a leased right to West
Stockbridge.
Hudson & Boston Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Distances in Miles.
Stations.
Between
Stations.
From
Hudson.
From
Chatham
4 Corners.
1
3
5
3
3
2
1
4
9
12
15
17
17
16
13
8
5
2
Claverack
Ghent
Hudson River Rail Road. Company formed May
12, 1846. Opened from New York to Peckskill Sept. 29,
1849 ; to Hamburgh, Dec. 6, 1849 ; to Poughkeepsie. Dec. 31,
1S49; from Albany to Hudson, June 16, 1851; to Tivoli,
Aug. 4 ; and through, Oct. 1, 1851. The road extends from
Albany to New York, along the east bank of the river. It
has tunnels of 226, 60, 70, 358, 600, 518, 835, 124, 145, and
82 feet; in the whole S,018 feet.
Hudson River Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Chambers Street, N.Y..
31st Street
52d Street
Burnhams
Strykers Bay
Manhattan
152d Street
F'ort Washington
Tubby Hook
Spuyten Duyvil
Kiverdale
Ebnkera
Gleuwood
Hastings
Dobb's Ferry
Irvington ,
Tarry town
Scarborough
Sing Sing
Croton
Crugers
Verplancks
PeekakOl
Fort Montgomery
I. .11 ri-..n-
Cold Spring
Cornwall
Fiahkil]
Oarthage
New ll.'iini'iirgli
Milton Firry
PougbkeopMe
II Park
Staatebnrgb
Rhinebeck
Barrytown
Tivoli
Qermantown
Oak Mill
Hudson
Btockport
U k\>-
Stoyveeant
Schodiick
ton
East Albany
Troy
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
2*
1
1
li
1*
1
1*
li
*
1*
*
3i
2
21
41
H
31
31
1*
2
3*
41
21
21
31
31
21
41
4
6
4
51
51
4
4*
51
6*
5
21
2j
6*
31
7*
From
New York.
31
41
51
71
81
10
in
121
14
16*
17
21 1 J
21*
23*
261
301
32
351
38*
4" J
421
461
51
53i
561
59*
631
65*
701
741
SO*
841
90
951
991
1041
1091
11.51
120*
1224
1251
132
1861
143i
From
Albany.
149i
1431
141
140
139
137*
130
135
1331
132
1311
129i
1271
1261
123
121 J
1TJ*
1171
113
llli
108*
104*
103
101
971
921
90
S71
83*
801
77*
731
691
631
591
531
4s
44
80}
34
2S*
231
201
184
Hi
7*
RAIL ROADS.
03
custom that has since been continued, except during the short period in which the office of R. R.
Commissioners was in existence. This Board was created April 14, 1855, and abolished April 16,
1857. The expenses of the State Engineer and Surveyor's office chargeable to rail roads are assessed
upon the several companies in proportion to their earnings. The general act to authorize the for-
mation of R. R. companies was passed March 27, 1848. There are at present within the State 2,554 J
mi. of R. R., besides double tracks and turn outs. The rail roads give employment to about 18,000
Long Island Rail Road. Company organized June 15,
1835. Opened through in July, 1844. The road extends
from Brooklyn to Greenport; $100,000 in State stocks was
issued to aid in the construction. The company have leased
the Brooklyn & Jamaica and the Hicksville & Cold Spring
Branch K. Koads, which they operate as a part of this road.
Long Island RaU Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
South Ferry «...
Bedford „.
East New York
Cypress Avenue
Union Course
Woodhaven
Jamaica
Willow Tree
Queens (Brushville)
Hyde Park
Hempstead Branch.
Hempstead
Westbury
Hicksville
Syosset
Jerusalem
Farmingdale
Deer Park
Thompson
N. Islip (Suffolk)....
Lakeland ,
Waverly ,
Medford
Bellport
Yapbank
Manor
Riverhead
Jamesport ,
Mattituck.
Cutchogue
Hermitage
Southold
Greenport
Distances in Mi
Between
From
Stations.
Brooklyn.
24
2*
3
64
li
7
i
74
i
84
24
11
1
12
2
14
34
174
2J
20
21
24
3
23
3
26
4
4
3
29
2
31
6
37
4
41
2J
434
6*
49
4
53
2
55
2J
57*
24
60
6
66
8
74
5
79
4
83
3
86
3
89
2
91
4
95
From
Greenport.
95
924
894
88
874
864
84
83
81
77|
75
24
72
69
4
66
64
58
54
51|
46
42
40
374
35
29
21
16
12
9
6
4
York & Erie
Newburgh April 8,
NewDiirgh Branch of New
Rail Road. Branch allowed to
1845. Opened Jan. 8, 1850.
New York Central Rail Road. Company formed
by consolidating the several roads in operation, and some
projected roads between Albany, Troy and Buffalo, and
Niagara Falls. The act allowing the consolidation was
passed April 2, 1853, and was carried into effect the 17th
of May following. The consolidated capital amounted to
$23,085,600, and debts were assumed to the amount of
$1,947,815.72. The stock of the several companies was re-
ceived at the following rates, viz. : —
Rochester & Syracuse .130
Rochester, Lockport & Ni-
agara Falls 125
Buffalo & Rochester .140
Buffalo & Lockport 125
Albany & Schenectady 117
Syracuse & Utica Direct .....150
Schenectady & Troy 75
Utica & Schenectady 115
Mohawk Valley 155
Syracuse & Utica. 160
Each stockholder received a like amount of stock of the new
company, at par, (the Troy & Schenectady upon payment of
$25 per share,) and for the differences, certificates or premium
bonds bearing six per cent, interest, semi-annually, and pay-
able May 1, 1883. These certificates amounted to $8,892,600.
The Rochester & Lake Ontario R. R., and the Buffalo & Niagara
Falls R. R., have since been merged in this road.
Date of opening the several roads now forming the New York
Central RaU Road.
Albany & Schenectady 1831
Schenectady & Troy 1843
Utica & Schenectady 1835
Syracuse & Utica 1839
Rochester & Syracuse 1853
Auburn & Syracuse 1836
Auburn & Rochester -.1840
Tonawanda „..1836
Batavia & Attica 1843
Attica & Buffalo 1845
Rochester & Buffalo 1852
Rochester, Lockport & Nia-
gara Falls 1852
Niagara Falls & Lewiston...l854
Lockport & Tonawanda 1853
Rochester & Charlotte 1853
New York Central Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Albany & Buffalo
Albany
West Albany
Center
Schenectady
Hoffmans
Cranes Village
Amsterdam ,
Tribes Hill
Fonda
Yosts
Sprakers
Palatine Bridge
Fort Plain
Palatine Church
St. Johnsville
East Creek
Little Falls
Herkimer
I In. ii
Frankfort „
Utica
Whitesboro
Oriskany
Rome
Greens Corners
Verona
Oneida
Wampsville
Canastota
Canaseraga
Chittenango
Kirkville
Manlius
Syracuse
Warners
Canton
Jordan
WeedBport
Port Byron
Savannah
Clyde
Lyons
Newark
East Palmyra
Palmyra
Macedon
Fairport
Rochester
Coldwater
Chili
Churchville
Bergen
West Bergen.
Byron ,
Batavia
Crofts
Pembroke
Alden
Wende
Town Line
Lancaster.
Forks
Buffalo
Distances in Miles.
Troy <£- Schenectady
Branch.
Troy
Cohoes
Summit Bridge
Niskayuna
Aqueduct
Schenectady
Between
From
Stations.
Albany.
34
5
84
81
17
94
264
34
294
34
33
54
384
5
434
54
484
34
52
3
55
3
58
24
60f
3
63|
34
67
64
734
74
804
24
83
24
854
94
944
34
984
3
1014
74
109
44
1134
44
1174
44
1214
34
125
2
127
34
1304
24
1334
4
1374
24
1394
74
1474
94
157
24
1594
54
1644
44
1694
34
1724
7
1794
6
1854
74
1924
54
1984
34
2014
3*
2054
5
2104
74
2184
104
2284
64
234*
4
238}
44
243
34
2464
34
2494
34
253
74
2604
6
2664
54
2714
44
2764
24
279
li
2804
5
2854
24
2884
74
2964
From
Buffalo.
2964
293
288
2794
270
2664
2634
2574
2524
2474
2444
2414
2384
2354
2324
2294
2224
2154
2134
211
2014
1974
194J
1874
183
1784
1744
1714
1694
1654
163
159
1564
1484
1394
1364
1314
127
1234
1164
1104
1034
98
944
904
854
78
674
614
574
534
50
464
434
354
294
244
20
174
154
104
74
From
Troy.
34
34
24
6
54
114
6
174
31
214
From
Schenec-
tady.
214
174
154
9*
34
ro
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
men, and have an aggregate of 874,634,954.76 of stock paid in, and a capital of stocks and debts
amounting to §149,262,311.81, or more than one-tenth of the total valuation of the property of the
State.
Syracuse <t Rochester,
via Auburn.
Syracuse
Gunillus
M:u. illns
Halfway
Skaneateles Junction
Sennett
AuUirn
Cayuga _
Seneca Falls
Waterloo
Geneva
Oaks Corners
Phelps
Clifton Springs.
Shortsville
Canandaigna
Milk Station
Victor
Tisli'TS _
Pirtsford
Rochester
Between
Stations.
8i
2*
3
3*
34
54
10*
4*
34
64
4*
31
44
4*
6
6
3*
31
6*
84
From
Syracuse.
84
10*
131
174
20*
26J
Ot
41*
4-i
51 i
564
591
63*
68i
744
84
87*
944
102*
From
Rochester.
102*
944
92
89
854
82
76*
65*
61
57*
51*
464
43J
39
344
284
224
IS*
15
84
Rochester, bnckport, <£ Xi-
agara FaUs Branch.
Rochester _
Spencerport
Adams Basin
Brockpart
Holley
Murray
KnowleSTflle
Medina
Mil.ll-port
C, .-jH.rt
Lockport
Lockport Junction..
Pekin
Suspension Bridge...
Niagara Falls
10
24
44
4*
34
54
54
44
44
5
6
34
6*
9
1*
From
From
Rochester.
Niagara
FaUs.
77
10
67
124
644
17
60
21*
554
254
51*
30*
464
364
40*
404
364
45
32
50
27
56
21
594
174
664
10*
754
1*
77
Locl:port Junction to
Tonawanda.
Lockport Junction-
Halls Station
Tonawanda
64
5
From
Lockport
Junction.
64
114
From
Tona-
wanda.
114
5
Buffalo <£• LevisUm.
Buffalo
Black Bock
1 'hswan'la
La Pall-
-i Falls
Snspension Bridge
L>-»ist«>n
4
•■;
6
5
H
44
From
Buffalo.
4
104
164
214
23
274
From
Lewiston.
274
234
174
114
64
44
Oanandni/jun if- Xingara
Bridgt limnrh.
Canandaigna.
Qnnna Crossing
Baal BUmnfiau
HiUen Cornell
Hl-infi-M-
II ij m a Falls
Knafa
*oe Valley B. B. June
Canal
ionia
I.- Boy
rd
• ia
I .-' Pembroke
Rlchville
Akron
Clarence Center
Trsnsit
ille
Vincent
Tonawanda
4.2
8.8
4.6
3
."..1
• I
1.1
1.2
6.8
7.1
4.1
5.9
• J
6.6
3.4
7
3
8
3.1
Prom
i .ni ni-
daigua.
o
4.2
8
12.6
ISA
18.7
27.2
88
■I' i.i
41.2
73.3
From
r,,„.i.
vnnda.
S6.6
M.4
77.6
78
70
66.9
00.7
59.6
684
r.2.6
UJt
41.4
39.8
22.7
VP.
12.3
9.1
6.1
3.1
Attica Branch.
Batavia....
Alexander
Attica
Between
Stations.
From
Batavia.
8
11
From
Attica.
11
3
Cliarlotte Branch.
Rochester .
Charlotte..
84
From
Rochester.
From
Charlotte.
New York and Erie Rail Road. Company organ-
ized in July, 1833. The act authorizing the road was passed
April 24, 1832. The first preliminary surrey was made in
1832, by De Witt Clinton, jr., by order of the government.
In 1834 the Governor appointed Benj. TVright to survey the
route ; who, assisted by Jas. Seymour and Charles Ellett,
began the survey May 23d, and finished it the same year.
In 1835 the Co. was reorganized, and 40 mi. were put under
contract. In 1836 the Comptroller was directed to issue
$3,000,000 State stock to aid in constructing the road. In
1845 the State released its lien on the road, and authorized
the original stockholders to surrender two shares of old
stock, and receive one share of new. April 8, 1845, a branch
was allowed to be built from Chester to Newburgh, 19 mi.
The road was opened as follows : from Piermont to Goshen,
Sept. 22, 1S41 ; to Middletown, June 7, 1843 ; to Port Jervis,
Jan. 6, 1848 ; to Binghamton, Dec. 28, 1848 ; to Owego, June
1, 1849 ; to Elniira, Oct. 1849 ; to Corning, Jan. 1, 1850 ; and
to Dunkirk, May 14, 1851. The Newburgh Branch opened
Jan. 8, 1850. The road is compelled to pay a bonus of
$10,000 annually to the State of Pennsylvania for the priv-
ilege of passing a short distance in that State. Ample details
will be found in The New York & Erie R. R. Guide, the annual
and special reports of the company, and especially that of
Nov. 1853, and in the following documents of the New York
Legislature : Senate Doc. No. 12, of 1836 ; Nos. 37, 38, of
1839; Nos. 18, 58, of 1842. Assem. Docs. Nos. 27, 171 of
1838; No. 47, of 1839; No. 215, of 1840; Nos. 113, 297, of
1841 ; and No. 50, of 1842. The Patterson & Ramapo (N.
J.) R. R., 294 mi., and the Union R. R., ,% mi., the Che-
mung R. R., and the Elmira, Jefferson, & Canandaigua R. R.
are leased and operated by the this company.
New York <£• Erie Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
New York.
Pier
Piermont
Blauvcltville
Clarkstown
Spring Valley
Mons-v
15 Mil- Turnout
Jersey City
Borgen
O-niiiintown
Hackensack I!r
Boiling Spring
Passaic Bridge.
lluyl-rs
Paterson
Gravel Switch
Godwin ville
Hobokne
Allendale
BatDseyi
Bnflbmi
Bnmnpo
PloatMmrg
Psitithflclds
Greenwood
Turners
Monroe
Oxford
East Junction. N. B
W.-t " "
Distances in Miles.
? v. ■-
j; -3 3
24.00
1.00
4.48
8.73
11.30
12.60
15.07
17.90
19.85
21.55
2-i.ns
30.29
33.48
35.63
88.26
39.83
40.29
s-^
1.00
.00
2.47
4.75
6.24
9.29
11.09
11.92
16.50
19.71
21.62
23.30
25.50
27.44
31.67
33.62
35.32
41.^5
44.06
47.25
49.40
52.02
53.60
54.06
£■3
460.72
445.95
444.95
441.47
437.22
434.65
433.35
430.88
459.72
46755
454.97
453.48
460.43
44848
447.80
443.22
44o!ol
43S.10
430.42
434.22
432.28
428.05
426.10
424.40
417.87
415.66
412.47
410.32
407.70
4O0.12
405.66
RAIL ROADS.
71
New York <£• Erie Rail Road, continued.
Stations.
Chester
Goshen
Hampton
Middletown
Howells
OtisviUe
Shin Hollow
Port Jervis
McCluera Turnout
Rosa Switch
Pond Eddy
Middaughs
Shohola
Lacka waxen
Mast Hope
Narrowsburg
Nohodys
Cocheeton ,
Callicoon
Hankins
Basket
Lordville
Stockport
Hancock
Dickinsons
Hales Eddy
Deposit
Gulf Summit
Cascade Bridge
Canewacta Bridge
Susquehanna
Great Bend
Kirkwood
Binghamton
Union
Campville
Owego
Tioga
Smithboro'
Barton
Waverly
Chemung ,
Wellsburgh
Elmira
Junction Chemung Br.
Big Flats
Noyes Switch
Corning
Painted Post
Addison
Rathboneville
Cameron
Crosby ville
Canisteo
Hornellsville
Almond
Alfred ,
Tip Top Summit
Andover
Elm Valley ,
Genesee
Scio ,
Phillipsville
Belvidere ,
Friendship
Cuba Summit
Cuba
Hinsdale
Olean
Allegany
Tunungwant...-
Great Valley
Bucktooth
Little Valley
Cattaraugus
Persia Turnout
Dayton
Perrysburgh
Smiths Mills
Forestville
Sheridan
Dunkirk
Distances in Miles.
.97
4.43
4.00
3.37
3.88
4.69
6.40
6.31
3.83
5.70
1.86
2.07
5.21
3.98
6.35
6.01
3.74
4.76
5.19
6.92
3.65
6.92
5.76
4.58
5.61
2.53
4.91
7.28
4.03
2.81
1.38
8.28
5.61
8.64
8.55
6.57
6.82
5.43
4.42
2.42
6.91
4.78
5.77
7.00
4.09
5.98
1.84
5.76
1.55
9.21
5.11
7.63
8.19
4.92
4.21
4.94
4.17
3.55
4.80
2.68
6.01
3.72
4.14
3.55
4.43
4.04
4.81
6.82
5.55
3.41
7.20
5.36
3.81
6.27
7.31
6.11
3.29
2.93
6.92
3.S7
3.49
4.66
41.26
45.69
49.69
63.06
56.94
61.63
68.03
74.34
78.17
83.87
85.73
87.80
93.01
96.99
102.34
108.35
112.09
116.85
122.04
128.96
132.61
139.53
145.29
149.87
155.48
158.01
162.92
170.20
174.23
177.04
178.42
186.70
192.31
200.95
209.50
216.07
222.89
228.32
232.74
235.16
242.07
246.85
252.62
259.62
263.71
269.69
271.53
277.29
278.84
288.05
293.16
300.79
308.98
313.90
318.11
323.05
327.22
330.77
335.57
338.25
344.26
347.98
352.12
355.67
360.10
(S64.14
368.95
375.77
381.32
384.73
391.93
397.29
401.10
407.37
414.68
420.79
424.08
427.01
433.93
4.37.80
441.29
445.95
E **> ~r
65.03
69.46
63.46
66.83
70.71
76.40
81.80
88.11
91.94
97.64
99.50
101.57
106.78
110.76
116.11
122.12
125.86
130.62
135.81
142.73
146.38
153.30
159.06
163.64
169.25
171.78
176.69
183.97
188.00
190.81
192.19
200.47
206.08
214.72
228.27
229.84
236.66
242.09
246.51
248.93
255.84
260.02
266.39
873.39
277.48
283.46
285.30
291.06
292.61
301.82
306.93
314.56
322.75
327.67
331.88
336.82
340.99
344.54
349.34
352.02
358.03
361.75
365.89
269.44
373.87
377.91
382.72
389.54
395.09
398.50
405.70
411.06
414.87
421.14
428.45
434.56
437.85
440.78
447.70
451.57
455.06
459.72
J; ^
404.69
400.26
396.26
392.89
389.01
384.32
377.92
371.61
367.78
362.08
358.15
352.94
348.96
343.61
337.60
333.86
329.10
323.91
316.99
313.34
306.42
300.66
296.08
290.47
287.94
283.03
275.75
271.72
268.91
267.53
259.25
253.64
245.00
236.45
229.88
223.06
217.63
213.21
210.79
203.88
199.10
193.33
186.33
182.24
176.26
174.42
168.66
167.11
157.90
152.79
145.16
136.97
132.05
127.84
122.90
118.73
115.18
110.38
107.70
101.69
97.97
93.83
90.28
85.85
81.81
77.00
70.18
64.63
61.22
54.02
48.66
44.85
38.58
31.27
25.16
21.87
18.94
12.02
8.15
4.66
be agreed upon, in May, 1840; and to continue to Albany,
May 14, 1845. Tho road was opened to Chatham 4 Corners
Jan. 19, 1852, connecting at that place with the Albany &
West Stockbridgo R. R.
New York it Harlem Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
New Yorlc & Harlem Rail Road. Company formed
April 2, 1831. Work was commenced Feb. 24, 1832, and the
first mile opened in Oct. following. The company was
allowed to extend the road north of Harlem River, to meet
the New York & Albany R. R. at such point as might
White and Center Sts., N.Y.
26th Street
York ville
Harlem
Mott Haven
Melrose
Morrisania
Tremont
Fordham
Williams Bridge
West Mt. Vernon
Bronxville
Tuckahoe
Scars dale
Harts Corners
White Plains
Washingtons Quarters
Kensico
Unionville
Pleasantville
Chappaqua
Mount Kisco
Bedford
Whitlockville
Goldens Bridge
Purdys
Croton Falls
Brewsters.-
Dykemans
Towners
Paterson
Pawlings
South Dover
Dover Furnace
Dover Plains
Wassaic
Amenia
Sharon Station.
Millerton
Mount Riga
Boston Corners.
Copake
Hillsdale
Bains
Martindale
Philmont
Ghent
Chatham Four Corners
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
East Albany..
2}
2}
i
i
}
l*
i±
ii
2}
2
1
3
H
2
2
f
3
2*
2
<U
2*
2?
2
2
2
4i
2}
3
2*
3*
6
21
•H
4*
3*
3*
4}
3J
3*
5*
4
2}
SI
3*
6
%i-
From,
New York.
23
2}
5*
7*
H
9i
10
Hi
12*
14
16}
18}
19*
22*
24
26
28
28}
31}
34
36
40*
42*
45*
47*
49*
51*
55*
5S*
61*
63}
67*
73*
76
80*
84}
88
91*
96
99*
103
108*
112*
115
118}
122*
128*
130}
from
Chatham
4 Corners.
153}
130}
128
125*
123
122*
121*
120}
119*
118*
116}
in
112
111*
10S*
106}
104}
102}
102
99
96
94}
90*
88*
85*
83*
81*
79*
75*
72*
69*
67
63*
57*
54}
50*
46
42}
39*
34}
31*
27}
22*
18*
15}
12
8*
2A
~a
23
New Yorlc &• New Haven Railroad. This com-
pany was allowed to extend their road from the State
line to the Harlem R.R. near Williams Bridge. The com-
pany run their trains 15 miles on the Harlem track for
which they pay that company the net profits. The road
was opened Dec. 2S, 1848.
New York <£ New Haven Railroad.
Stations and Distances.
Stations.
Twenty-seventh St., New
York
Thirty-second St
Harlem
Williams Bridge
Mount Vernon
New Rochelle
Mamaroneck
Rye
Port Chester
Greenwich
Cos Cob
Stamford (Conn.)
Norwalk "
Bridgeport "
New Haven "
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
3
4
6
4
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
8
14
18
From
Frr/m New
New York.
Haven.
76
3
73
7
69
13
63
17
69
20
66
23
53
27
49
29
47
31
46
33
43
36
40
44
32
68
18
76
72
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Ogdcnsburgh Railroad. This company was formed
by the second mortgage bondholders of the Northern R. R.,
from which ita name was changed. The road extends from
Ogdensburgh to Rouses Point, and includes a branch to
Champlain Landing.
Ogdcnsburgh {XorUiem) Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Distances n Miles.
Stations.
Ogdensburgh.
Lisbon.
Madrid
Potsdam
Knapps
Brasher Falls & Stockholm.
Lawrence
Moira-
Brush's Mills.
Bangor
Malone _
Burke
| Chateaugay
Summit
Brandy Brook
Ellenburgh
Chazy
Centerville
Mooers.
Perrys Mills „
Champlain.
Rouses Point
Between
Stations.
SJ
8*
n
3
7*
5*
5*
2*
5*
6
7*
4*
7*
i
8
6*
3i
7*
4*
From Og-
dcnsburgh.
Si
17*
m
27*
35*
41*
47
49*
55*
61*
68*
73*
80*
88*
89*
97*
102*
106*
113*
118
From
Houses
Print.
118
109*
100*
93*
90*
82*
7**
71
68*
62*
56*
49*
44*
37*
29*
28*
20*
15*
11*
4*
Oswego & Syracuse Railroad. Company formed
April 29. 1839. Route surveyed during the summer of that
year. The company was fully organized March 25, 1847, and
the Road was opened in Oct. 184-8.
Oswgo <£• Syracuse Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Oswego
Minetto.- ,
Fulton
South Granby
Lam sons
Baldwinsville
Syracuse
DISTANCES IN MlLES.
Between
Stations.
4*
6*
4*
2*
4*
12*
From,
Oswego.
4*
11*
15*
18*
23
35*
From
Syracuse.
35*
31
24*
19*
17*
12*
I
Platteburgh & Montreal Railroad. Company
formed Feb. 25, 1850. Road commenced in Aug. 1*51, and
ned July 20, 1852. It connects with the Lake, St. Louis,
k Province Line R. R. It crosses the Ogdensburgh R. R. at
Mooers Junction.
Platlsburgh and Montreal Railroad.
Stations and Distances.
8TAT10N5.
Distances in Miles.
Plattxt.nrph
Bofinuntown
\V. -t <Vl7V
Mofe
M
Montreal (Canada)
Between
From
Fr<im
Stations.
PlaUsburgh.
Montreal.
62
5
5
57
6
10
52
5
16
47
5
20
42
42
62
Sackete Ilnrbor <fc Elllsbnrgh Rail Road.
Cmpanv farmed May 23, 1860. Bom "poned June 1. 1«63.
It connects with W. R, A C. V. R. R. at Pierrepont Manor.
SacktU Batter <t- Elliilmrgh Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Distances in Miles.
B>t\r*rn
Stations.
From
Ml
Harbor.
From
Pin-ri-pont
Minor.
1
»
1
4
6
9
13
18
18
Pmithville
13
9
Belleville
6
Pierrepont Manor
Pot sd a ni <fc Watertown Railroad. Company formed
Jan. 8, 1852. Road opened through in Jan., 1857, and ope-
rated by contractors for construction to April 1 following.
Potsdam d- Watertovm Railroad.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Watertown Junction
Watertown ,
Sanfords Corners.....
Evans Mills
Philadelphia
Antwerp
Keene
Gouverneur
Richville
De Kalb ,
Herman
Canton
Potsdam
Potsdam Junction
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
1
5
4*
7
6*
5
7
7*
4
4*
7*
10*
6*
From
Watertovm.
1
6
10*
17*
24
29
36
43*
47*
52
59*
70
76*
From
Potsdam.
76*
75*
70*
65*
58*
52*
47*
40*
32*
2S*
24*
17
6*
Rensselaer &. Saratoga Rail Road. Company
formed April 14, 1832. Fully organized in May, 1833, and
surveys commenced the same year. Opened from Waterford
to Ballston Aug 19, 1835, and to Troy in the Bpring of 1836.
The Co. leases and runs the Saratoga and Schenectady R. R.
Rensselaer <t Saratoga Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Troy Union Depot.,
Green Island
Waterford
A. Junction
Mechanic ville
Ballston
Saratoga
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
.877
3.676
1.402
6.530
13.108
6.707
From
Troy.
.877
4.553
5.955
12.485
25.593
32.3
From
Saratoga.
32.3
31.423
27.747
26.345
19.815
6.707
Rochester &, Genesee Valley Rail Road. Com-
pany formed June 7, 1851; allowed to extend their road to
Portage. Work was commenced in 1852, and the road
opened to Avon in 1854. It connects at Avon with the
Buffalo, New York & Erie R. R.
Rutland &. Washington Rail Road extends from
Rutland to Eagle Bridge, 63 mi. We have not been able to
obtain statistics of this road, as it has made no report for seve-
ral years.
Rutland dh Washington Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
Stations.
Albany ,
Troy
Eagle Bridgo
Cambridge
Shushan
Salem
Qranvflle
North Granville
Poultncy, Vt
Castleton " ...,
Rutland " ....
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
10
23
6
6
7
18
2
6
7
11
From
Eagle
Bridge.
10
33
39
44
51
69
71
77
84
95
From
Rutland.
95
85
62
56
61
44
26
24
18
11
Saratoga &, Schenectady Rail Road. Company
formed Feb. 16, 18SL Work commenced in Sept. 1831. Road
opened to Hallst.n July 12, 1832, and to Saratoga Springs
in 1 388. TIk- road is leased and operated by the Rensselaer
A Saratoga R. R. Co.
.Saratoga d) Schenectady RaU Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Schenectady ....
Halfway House
Ballston
Saratoga
Distances in Miles.
Prhrr.n
Stations.
8
7*
6*
From
Schenec-
tady.
8
15*
22
From
Saratoga.
22
14
6*
RAIL ROADS.
73
Saratoga <6 Washington Rail Road. Chartered May 2, 1834.
Capital, $000,000. Company organized April 20, 1835. Tlio
work was begun and over $00,000 expended, when it was
stopped in 1836. The time was extended April 13, 1840, May
4, 1844, and April 4, 1850, and the stock Wiis increased $250,000
April 7, 1847. Company allowed to extend the road east to
Vt., March 7, 1S48. A new route was in part adopted upon
resuming work. Began laying rails April 10, 1848. Road
opened to Gansevoort Aug. 15, 1848, to Whitehall Dec. 10,
1848, and to Lake Station April 9, 1851. Sold Feb. 27, 1855,
on foreclosure of second mortgage, and name changed to
Saratoga <fc Wliiteliall Rail Road. Company formed
Juno 8, 1855. Capital $500,000. This company leases and
runs the Rutland aud Whitehall R. R. to CastletOn, Vt.
Saratoga <& Wliitelw.il Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
Stations.
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
From
Saratoga.
From
Whitehall.
10.66
5.3
.8
3.32
4.5
3.91
3.91
6.6
1.88
6.62
1.85
1.75
3.28
10.66
15.96
16.76
20.08
24.58
28.49
32.4
39
40.88
45.62
47.47
49.22
52.5
39
28.34
23.04
22.24
18.92
14.42
10.51
6.6
„ 1.88
6.62
8.47
Hydeville "
10.22
Castleton "
13.5
Second Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of
Mew York was formed Jan. 19, 1853. Road to extend from
Harlem River to Peck Slip. In 1855 the company were
allowed to bridge Harlem and Bronx Rivers, to discon-
tinue the road from Chatham St. through Oliver and South
Sts., and to lay a new track on Bowery to Pearl St.
Sixth Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of New
York was formed Dec. 7, 1861. The road extends from
Chambers St. to Harlem River, and was opened from Broad-
way to Forty-Fourth St. Aug. 19, 1852.
Syracuse, Binghamton, &, New York Rail
Road. Company originally formed July 2, 1851, as the
Syracuse & Binghamton R. R. Road opened through
Oct. 23, 1854. It was sold Oct. 13, 1856, on foreclosure of
mortgage, and name changed to the Syracuse & Southern
R. R. Its present name was assumed under act of March
31, 1857. In 1858 the company were authorized to purchase
the Union R. R. to the canal at Geddes.
Syracuse, Bivghamlon, dsNew York Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Syracuse ,
Jamesville
La Fayette
Apulia
Tully
Preble ,
Little York
Homer
Cortland ,
Blodgets Mills
State Bridge
Marathon
Killawog
Lisle
Whitneys Point..
Chenango Forks.
Chenango ,
I Binghamton
Distances in Mii.es.
Between
Stations.
6.69
7.67
5.10
1.97
5.33
2.71
4.26
2.67
3.54
6.25
3.90
2.90
3.65
2.14
9.28
6.14
5.13
From
Syracuse.
6.69
14.36
19.46
21.43
26.76
29.47
33.73
36.4
39.94
46.19
50.09
52.99
56.64
68.78
68.06
74.2
79.33
From
Bingham-
ton.
79.33
72.64
64.97
59.87
57.9
52.57
49.86
45.6
42.93
39.39
33.14
29.24
26.34
22.69
20.55
11.27
5.13
Third Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of
New York was formed Oct. 6, 1853. The road extends from
the intersection of Park Row and Broadway through Park
Row, Chatham St., Bowery, and Third Avenue to Harlem
River. It was opened from Ann to Sixty-First St. in 1853,
and to Eighty-Sixth St. July 4. 1854.
Troy &• Bennington Rail Road. Company formed
May 15, 1851. Work commenced in June, 1851. Road opened
Aug. 1, 1852. Connects the Troy & Boston R. R. with the
Western Vt. R. R. It is leased to the Troy & Boston R. R. Co.
Troy &■ Boston Rail Road. Company formed Nov. 20,
1849. Work commenced in June, 1850. Road opened from
Troy to Hoosick Falls in Aug. 1853. Most of the remainder
to the State Line is graded. The company leases the Troy &
Bennington R. R. and 7 mi. of the Vermont Western R. R.
Troy d: Bennington Rail Road.
Stations and Distances.
Stations.
Troy
Lansingburgh
Junction
Schaghticoke
Pitts town
Johnsonville ,
Buskirks Bridge
Eagle Bridge ,
Hoosick Falls Junction
Hoosick Falls
Hoosick Corners
Petersburgh
North Adams, Mass
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
3
6
4
2
2
5
2
2
2
3
2
15
From
Troy.
3
8
12
14
16
21
23
25
27
30
32
47
From
Western Vermont Rail Road.
Stations.
North Hoosick
Walloomsac
North Bennington, Vt
Rutland "..
2
4
54
From
North
Hoosick.
2
6
60
From
Troy &. Greenbush Rail Road. Company organized
May 14. 1845 under a lease from the New York & Albany
R. R. The road had been commenced about 1842, and opera-
tions suspended. It was opened in June, 1845. It is
operated by the Hudson River R. R. Co. under a lease.
Troy &. Rutland Rail Road. Company formed March
6, 1851. The road extends from Hoosick near Eagle Bridge
to Salem. It was opened June 28, 1852, and leased to the
Rutland & Washington (Vt.) R. R., until March, 1855, when
it was placed in the bands of a receiver, and run by the
Albany Northern R. R.
Troy Union Rail Road. Company formed July 21, 1851.
Road commenced in Feb. 1853, and opened Feb. 22. 1854. It
is owned by parties representing the interests of the Troy
& Greenbush, Troy & Boston, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and
New York Central R. Roads, and is used by the above com-
panies in common.
Union Rail Road. Company formed Jan. 10. 1851, The
road extends from Patterson and Ramapo (N. J.) to the New
York & Erie R. R. at Suffems. It is operated by the latter
road under a lease.
Union Rail Road. Company formed Nov. 13, 1856. The road
extends from the 6th Ward in Syracuse to the Erie Canal in
Geddes. By an act of April 16, 1858, the Co. were authorized
to sell the road to the Syracuse, Binghamton, & N. Y. R. R. Co.
Watertown &. Rome Rail Road. Company formed
April 17, 1832. Work commenced at Rome in Nov. 1848.
Road opened to Camden in 1849, to Pierrepont Manor in May,
1851, to Watertown in Sept. 1851, to Chaumont in Nov. 1851,
and to Cape Vincent May 1, 1852.
Watertown, Rome, <£• Cape Vincent Rail Road.
Stations and Distances. (Official.)
Stations.
Cape Vincent
Three Mile Bay
Chaumont
Limerick
Brownville
Watertown
Adams Center
Adams
Pierrepont Manor.,
Mannsville
Sandy Creek
Richland
Albion
Kasuag
Williamstown
West Camden
Camden
McConnelsville
Taberg
Rome
Distances in Miles.
Between
Stations.
From
Cape Vin-
cent.
From
Rome.
97
8
8
89
3
11
86
6
17
80
4
21
76
4
25
72
10
35
62
3
38
59
5
43
54
2
45
52
5
50
47
5
55
42
6
60
37
6
66
31
3
69
28
6
74
23
5
79
18
5
84
13
2
86
11
11
97
Williamsport &■ Elmira Rail Road. Incorporated
by Penn. April 9, 1850, and allowed to extend the road to the
New York & Erie R. R. at Elmira. The village of Elmua was
authorized to loan its credit for $100,000 toward the con-
struction. Eight nrles of the road are in this State.
74
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Official Summary of Bail Road Statistics
Names.
Albany, Vermont & Canada.
Albany i West Stockbridge
Black River & Ctica
Blosshurg & Corning
Brooklyn City
Buffalo. New York & Erie
Buffalo & State Line
Cayuga & Susquehanna
Chemung
Eighth Avenue
Klin in. Canandaigua & Niagara Falls.
Flushing ,
Hudson & Boston ,
Hudson River
Long Island.
New York Central
New York & Erie
New York & Harlem
New York & New Haven..
Ogdensburgh ,
Oswego \ Syracuse ,
Potsdam A Watertown ,
Bensselaer & Saratoga ,
Rochester & Genesee Valley
Sackets Harbor A Ellisburgh..
Saratoga A Schenectady
Saratoga A Whitehall
Second Avenue
Sixth Avenue
use, Binghamton A New York...,
Third Avenue
Troy 4 BennJDgton
Troy A Boston.
Troy ,t Up • nl.ush
Tr.v £ Rutland
Troy Union
Watertown A Rome
Total 1 2,520.59
h
li
■«T3
3?
mount of
and float
t.
5-S
« a
5 S §>
i s
11
CTS"
3l§
fc H <W
^ ■•§ -3
is,
32.95
3.39
$ 600,000
$ 439,004.97
$ 1,575,098.79
$ 1,625,098.79
38
34
1,000,000
1,000,000.00
1,289,933.98
1,289,933.98
34.94
1,500,000
2*0,000
804,047.99
662,500.00
715,070.60
220,000.00
14.81
1.60
250,000.00
220,000.00
20.15
19.95
1,000,000
1,000,000.00
680,000.00
142
11.33
1,500.000
2,409,593.88
2,574,532.19
68.34
18
1,300,000
1,913,000.00
1,049,000.00
1,221,378.49
34.61
3.49
1,500,000
687,000.00
473,000.00
480,402.28
17.36
2.06
380,000
380,000.00
70,000.00
70,000.00
5
800,000
800,000.00
46.84
2.90
300,000
7.80
.39
200,000
131,339.90
236,500.00
269,913.32
17.33
.50
175,000
175,000.00
3,758,466.59
144
106.50
4.000,000
8,842,000.00
9,297,003.04
95
10.08
3,000,000
1,852,715.79
639,497.67
653,263.02
555.88
311.80
24,182,400
24,182,400.00
14,402,634.69
14,402,634.69
446
282.50
10,500,000
11,000,000.00
26,438,016.55
27,170,274.41
130.75
28.84
8,000,000
5,717,100.00
5,151,287.21
5,298,927.88
62.25
63.82
3,000,000
2,980,839.33
2,163,500.00
2,194,051.07
118
17.75
4,571,900
350,000
35.91
2.21
396,340.00
197,000.00
213,414.94
75.36
2
2,000.000
633,077.15
818,500.00
998,638.47
25.22
2.01
610,000
610,000.00
140,000.00
140,000.00
18.45
1.25
800,000
555,450.10
150,000.00
180,417.13
18
1
175.000
167,485.89
278,400.00
306,810.47
21
1.57
300.000
300,000.00
86,500.00
86,500.00
40.86
3.87
500,000
500,000.00
395,000.00
400,455.94
8
8
800,000
627,200.00
350,000.00
380,000.00
4
4.38
750,000
750,000.00
1,200,130.00
81
7.09
1,201,300
1,500,000.00
1,763,4S6.80
6
6.50
1,170,000
1,170.000.00
50,000.60
90,600.00
5.38
.28
80.000
75,358.00
171,200.00
172,295.37
27.23
3.23
1,000.000
568,297.22
797,500.00
1,028,582.99
6
.04
275,000
275,000 00
17.27
2.75
325,000
30,000
249,939.50
2.14
2.14
30,000.00
680^)00.00
680,000.00
96.76
11
1,500,000
1,498,400.00
688,500.00
769,250.76
2.520.59
978.12
$79,625,600
$67,358,192.43
$71,925,162.77
$74,602,936.63
The Pittsburgh A Montreal R. R., 23.17 mi.; Champlain & St. Lawrence R. R., 2.5 mi. to Canada line; and Williamsport &
Elmira R. R.. 8 mi. to Pennsylvania line, are not included in the above table, from default in reports. The gauge of the New
York A Erie R. R. and of the connecting roads is 6 ft., the same as that of several roads in Penn. The New York Central R. R.
General Summary of Rail Road Statistics for
the year ending September 30, 1858.
Length of roads in miles 3.124.71
Length of roads laid 2.442.91
Length of roads in operation, excluding city roads 2,397.62
I 5th "f douhlo track, including sidings 970.48
Length of branches owned by company and laid 373.44
I I" track on same 6.37
I. h of equivalent single track, exclusive of city
road* 3,709.08
Rumba of engine houses and shops 183
Nuni' Inee 738
Numl-vr •■( Lnt-clasa passenger cars, rated as eight-
wheeled 1,071
Number of MOO nd-class and emigrant cars 175
Number of baggage, mail, and express cars 239
Number of freight cars 9,014
Excluding City Road*. m,i. .
JB rate of speed of ordinary passenger trains, inclu-
de 20.72
AtT.i;' 1 rate ■( same irhan m motion 25.53
Av- r I • •■• I of "xprees passenger trains, including
' M - 26.44
Av. rags rate of same when in motion 29.39
Average r I ..f freight train., Including stoju...
Average rate of same when in motion 13.95
Torn.
Average weight in font r.f passenger trains, exclusive of
passengers and baggage 73.09
Average w. i^-lit in tons of freight trains, exclusive of
freight 129.27
Miles run by passenger train" 11..S7V74.S
Til" -arne. p\, lading city roadf 6,1 •
Number "f paasengen of all claseee carried Id cars... 43.7-
Tlie sime. excludine city roads 11,250,073
Numt»T of miles traveled by passengers, or nnmber
of passengers carried one mile, city roads not in-
cluded ." 373,159,179
Miles run by freight trains 5,417,456
Number of tons carried on freight trains 3,473,725
Total movement of freight, or number of tons carried
one mile 420,604,609
Classification of Freight.
Tons.
Products of the forest 303,236
Products of animals 734,995
Vegetable food 91 2> 2 2 6
Other agricultural products 77.174
Manufactures 325,596
Merchandise 562.378
Other articles 556,140
Total tonnage 3,473,725
Costs.
Repairs of road bed $2,282,807.73
Cost of iron for repair 464.712.95
Repairs of bufldlngi 207,840.56
Repairs of fence* and gates 48,660.35
Taxes on real ostato 290,771.47
Other road expenses 398,329.66
Total road expenses $3,693,129.72
Repairs of engines $ 930.627.16
Repairs of cars 1,003,900.26
Repairs of tools 82.975.15
Oil, waste, Ac 112,518.64
Other costs 43.759.29
Total cost of repairs of machinery $2,173,786 .69
Office expenses, stationery, &c $ 86,427.81
Agents and clerta .". 622,981.68
Labor, loading and unloading freight 449,060.96
Porters, watchmen, and switchmen attendance... 420,180.66
Wood and water station attendance 96,958.14
RAIL ROADS.
75
fur the year ending Sept. 30, 1858.
8*3
3 -lb
K 5" o
$ 2,010,634.64
2,289,933.98
1,234,514.64
496,601.28
1,038,839.97
2,975,325.66
2,772,987.09
1,183,012.71
400,000.00
833,642.87
200,000.00
308,891.38
175,000,00
11,328,989.96
2,566,270.07
30.732.517.54
34,058,632.63
7,948,116.35
5,324.527.09
4,788,791.26
761,380.11
1,587,028.08
900,550.58
653,539.64
389,170.84
480,684.15
903,890.92
1,005,403.71
855,957.22
2.837,607.66
1,378,090.74
253,931.19
1,422,188.86
294,731,43
338,688.87
732,114.72
2,159,295.04
$129,621,542.88
0/3 w
■g woo
V o
jag
~
3
$ 84,119.86
" 60,524.33
23,554.24
395,026.80
429,753.89
840,116.71
97,151.68
338,410.16
17,989.46
40,072.52
58,207.21
1,636,412.28
320,588.93
6,528,412.70
5,151,616.43
975,853.86
836,612.14
410.806.66
115.996.68
94,385.03
208,222.86
37,280.57
48,358.60
30,150.00
139,388.67
227,457.70
280,617.86
177,627.85
403,055.08
3,164.88
125,042.55
391,973.40
$20,527,951.53
i
6 1
$ 72,904.83
""28,09i.92
'"2MJ71.22
301,632.09
480,507.05
77,285.40
177.753.91
11,947.28
41,566.29
47,367.60
1,041,773.43
174,215.05
3,487,292.67
3,791,457.62
617,061.47
532,477.85
283,793.93
54,649.63
49,672.54
110,982.77
3.514.02
%
'"'95,'723.46
119.704.37
178,226.24
100,700.61
242,811.53
71,753.69
232,667.41
$12,716,305.68
8.
■8
$ 12.500.00
80,000.00
" 108,000.00
96,000.00
10,500.00
1,919,564.00
2,108.75
37,097.93
18,306.06
7,500.00
"12,64400
75,000.00
"93,6oo!6b
44,952.00
$2,517,667.08
Passenger TRANSPORTA-
TION.
Number.
196,911
171,046
53,647
9,364
7,505,859
185,876
296,194
26,253
6,768,203
15.852
226,779
37,110
1,415.339
360,130
2.124,439
793,662
720,070
953,819
71,764
92,492
71,850
151,576
43,948
7,340
93,035
4,504.645
5,612,357
107.504
7,945,462
87,432
127.285
40.977,229
Mileage.
1,864,210
5,094,681
1,121,012
103,847
'"8,192,000
17,854,082
623,885
479,841
1,483,464
413.356
56,658,109
7,380,760
136,091,023
64,931,456
17,940,971
82,908,957
2,767,920
2,131,962
1,725,177
3,662,026
703,184
68,913
2,452,281
2,753,962
1,798,203
"4,ibb,132
375,335,441
Freight Transporta-
tion, ln Tons.
Number.
34,918
226,035
13,136
73,908
143,709
290,532
85,656
4,293
1,460
50,806
160,197
89,480
765,407
816,965
122,371
64,058
150,432
42,810
21,142
59,903
27,700
8,342
62,868
73,410
56,049
123,599
3,569,082
Mileage.
698,360
7,511,341
810,660
831,679
14,360,666
19,809,225
2,674,375
175,969
8,356
880,466
18,416,865
2,236,990
142,691,178
165,895,636
7,446,561
3,715,364
13,210,357
1,375,557
699,023
1,580,757
470,900
74,692
1,871,411
5,058,890
1,482,292
"9.899,128
Acci-
dents.
14
7
33
25
6
11
1
2
423.362.032
K
117 204
and its connecting roads have a gauge of 4.71 ft., the same as New England roads generally. The Buffalo & State Line R. R. has
a gauge of 4.83 feet, like the Ohio roads ; and a few tracks near Suspension Bridge hare a gauge of 5.5 feet, like that of the
principal roads in Canada.
Conductors, Baggagemen, and brakesmen 553,122.23
Enginemen and firemen 552,985.29
Fuel and cost of labor in preparing for use 1,598,250.16
Oil and waste for engines and tenders 204,078.43
Oil and waste for cars 54,202.29
Loss and damage to goods and baggage 98,939.98
Damages for injuries to persons 135,214.26
Damages for property and for cattle killed 18,519.15
General superintendence 203,301.81
Contingencies 545,259.03
Other costs 906,669.45
Total cost of operating roads $6,636,051.33
Earnings.
From passenger business $ 9,016,747.50
From freight business, city roads excluded. 10,532,714.97
From other sources 759,591.38
Total earnings for all roads $20,309,053.85
Payments for transportation expenses $12,830,526.87
Payments for interest 4,156,997.05
Payments for dividends on stock 2,503,013,93
Amount carried to surplus fund 218,541.42
Total payment for all roads $19,709,079.27
Accidents.
Number of passengers killed 20
Number of passengers injured 142
Number of employees killed 29
Number of employees injured 24
Number of others killed. 68
Number of others injured 36
Total number killed 117
Total number injured 202
Total number killed, excluding city roads 114
Total number injured, excluding city roads 191
Cost of Construction and of Equipment.
Grading and masonry $58,355,306.85
Bridges 2.396,300.42
Superstructure, including iron 28,165,443.55
Passengerand freight stations, buildings and fix-
tures 4,777,786.65
Engine and car houses, machine shops, ma-
chinery and fixtures 1,920,498.40
Land damages, and fences 9,047,417.34
Locomotives and fixtures and snow plows 6,884,506.70
Passenger and baggage cars 2,670.501.01
Freight and other cars 5.586.736.19
Engineering and agencies 12,102,948.10
Total cost of construction and equipment 131,907,445.21
Total cost of same, excluding city roads 126,873,010.70
Excluding City Rail Roads, the following deductions per Mile.
Average cost per mile $52,916.23
Average cost single track per mile 34,206.05
Average number of miles traveled by each passenger 33.17
Average number of passengers to each train 60.72
Average distance each ton of freight is transported
in miles 120.91
Average number of tons in each freight train 77.54
Average number of trains over each track daily. ... 8.54
Average Cost per Mile of Road.
For maintaining of road way $1,511.70
For repairs of machinery 892.47
For operating road 2,415.49
Average Cost per MiU of Single Track.
For maintaining of roadway $ ^11"^^
For repairs of machinery 577.45
For operating road 1,561.42
Average amount received for passengers per mile, 1.98 cts.
Proportion of passengers killed to miles traveled, 1 to 18,657,959.
Proportion of passengers killed to passengers traveling, 1 to
562,504.
Proportion of expenses to earnings, 63 to 100.32.
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads.
Names op Rail Roads.
Adirondack
Albany, Bennington 4 Rutland
Albany Northern
Albany 4 Cohoes
Albany 4 Saratoga
Albany 4 Saratoga Springs..
Albany 4 Schenectady
Albany 4 Susquehanna
Albion 4 Tonawanda
Atlantic 4 Gnat Western.
Attica 4 Allegany Valley...
Attica 4 Buffalo
Attica 4 Ilornellsville .
Attica 4 Sheldon
Auburn 4 Can:U ,
Auburn 4 Ithaca
Auburn 4 Rochester.
Auburn 4 Syracuse.. ..
Aurora 4 Buffalo
Batavia 4 Cheektaw.iga.-
Bath £ Coney Island.
Bath 4 Crooked Lake
Binghamton 4 Susquehanna...
Black River
Black River
Black River
Brewerton 4 Syracuse
Broadway R. R. Co. of Brooklyn
Brooklyn, Fort Hamilton
Buffalo International-
Buffalo, New York 4 Erie..
Buffalo 4 Allegany Valley...
Buff.ilo 4 Batavia.
Buffalo 4 Black Rock
Buffalo 4 Conhocton Talley...
Buffalo, Corning 4 New York.
Buffalo 4 Erie
Buffalo A Hinsdale
Buff-tlo 4 Lake Huron (Canada i
Buffalo 4 Lockport
Buffalo 4 New York
Buffalo 4 Now York City.....
Buffalo, Tonawanda 4 Niagara
Falli
Buffalo 4 Niagara Kall<
Date, of
Organization.
April
April
Feb.
Co. not
June
Sept.
April
1, 1S39
23. 1850
12. 1851
organ'd
28. 1852
20, 1852
19, 1847
April 2. 1861
April 17,1832
Dec. 1, 1858
Sept. 16,1852
May 3, 1836
May 14, 1845
Mav 21, 1S36
April 24,1832
21, 1836
13, 1836
May
May
May 1, 1S34
April
Aug.
March
April
April
May
Jan.
May
Aug.
May
14, 1S32
17, 1S50
24. 1831
29,1833
17. 1832
21, 1S36
27,1853
1, 1S36
11, 1858
12, 1836
Feb. 25, 1857
Sept. 1, 1857
May 21, 1853
April 18,1838
April 29,1833
June 26, 1850
March 18, 1852
April 14. l<-32
May 12, 1846
Buffalo A Pitt«bnrg
Buffalo, Pittoburg 4 St. Lou in .
Buffalo 4 Rochester
April 27,1852
Jan. 16, 1851
April 8, 1851
June 23. 1R5.3
May 8, 1884
Mi 7,1852
Ot. 11. 1863
'ft. 8,1850
Capital.
$100,000
400,000
335,000
''300,006
200,000
4,000,000
200,000
150,000
1,000,000
350,000
750,000
50.000
150.000
500.000
2.000,000
400,000
300.000
300,000
20,000
150,000
900,000
200,000
120,000
80,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
1,500,000
300,000
500,000
100,000
1,400,000
650.000
".'»i. i
600,000
350,000
Caaindaitrua Railway 4 Trana-'l , _ ,- , C/K ^
portAtionCo | a * fa »**™
Canandaigua 4 Corning M -v 11. |04f 1,000,000
250.000
110,000
750,000
1,826,000
BOVOOO
Canandaigua 4 Elmira. Bept 11
Connections.
Adirondack Iron Works and
Clear Pond
Albany, Bennington, and
Rutland
Albany and Troy, and Rutland
R. R. at Eagle Bridge.
Albany and Ccfboes
Albany and Green Island
{Albany Northern R. R. and )
Saratoga Springs /
Albany and Schenectady.
Albany and Bingbamton.
Albion and Batavia
/ Buffalo 4 New York Central \
\ R. R. and Penn. State Line/
Attica to Penn. State Line
Attica and Buffalo
Attica and Hornellsyille
Attica and Sheldon
Auburn and Canal
Auburn and Ithaca.
Auburn and Rochester.
Auburn and Syracuse
Aurora and Buffalo
Batavia and Attica 4 Buffalo R.R.
Bath and Crooked Lake
Binghamton and Penn. S. Line
/ Rome or Herkimer and River )
1 St. Lawrence /
Clayton and Carthage
Clayton and Mohawk Village....
/ Outlet of Oneida Lake and V
1 Syracuse J
Through a part of Brooklyn-....
( Buffalo and proposed inter-')
-j national bridge, opposite >
{ Squaw Island )
/Buffalo, New York 4 Eriel
\ R.R. at Corning /
/Buffalo and Attica 4 Alle-1
t gany R. B /
Buffalo and Batavia.
Buffalo and Black Rock
/ Buffalo, New York 4 Erie R. R.
\ at Corning.
Huffalo and Erie, Penn
Buffalo and Hinsdale.
Buffalo and Lockport
Buffalo and Attica.
Buffalo and Hornellsville
Tonawanda and Black Rock
Bnflslo and Niagara Falls
{Buffalo and State Line nearl
mean /
Buffalo and Rochester
Canandaltma and Watson
Canand.iigua and Elmira.
Canandaigua and Niagara Bdge.
Remarks.
Nothing done.
Merged in Albany Northern R.R.
Sold, and succeeded by Albany,
Vermont, 4 Canada R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothiug done.
Nothing done.
Changed from Mohawk 4 Hud-
son, and merged in the New
York Central R. R., May 17,
1853.
Partly graded.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly graded.
Consolidated as Buffalo 4 Roches-
ter, afterward as Buffalo & N.
York City R, R., at present
as Buffalo, New York, 4 Erie
Consolidated, and is now the Buf-
falo & New York City R. It.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated in New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Consolidated in New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
'Consolidation of the Buffalo.
Corning, and New York R. R.
and part of Buffalo 4 New
York City R. R.
Tartly done.
Not constructed by this organi-
zation.
Horse-power. Since nbandoned.
Now the Buffalo, New York 4
Erie R. R.
Name changed from Buffalo
Conht>cton Valley R. R,
Surveyed and located.
Nothing done.
Allowed to purchase real estate
in 1857.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral R. R., 1853.
Connected with Attica 4 nornells-
ville R. It., and name changed
to Buffalo 4 New York City
It. K.
Consolidation of Attica 4 Buffalo
R. R. and Buffalo 4 New York
R. R.
Not constructed.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. in 1853.
Reorganized as the Buffalo, Pitta-
burg 4 St. Louis R. R.
Partly graded.
Formed by union of Tonawanda
and Attica 4 Bnffalo It. Roads.
{Connected with Chemung R. R.
to Elmira.
Formed from Canandaigna 4Corn-
ing and Chemung R. Roads.
Leased to New York 4 Erie
R. R. Co.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. in 1858.
RAIL 11 A D S.
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued.
77
Names op Rail Roads.
Canandaigua & Niagara Falls....
Canandaigua & Syracuse
Cassadaga & Erie
Castleton & West Stockbridge...
Catskill & Canajoharie
Catskill & Ithaca
Cbautauque County
Chemung & Ithaca
Cherry Valley & Susquehanna...
Clifton & South Clifton
Clyde & Sodus Bay
Coeyraans
Cold Spring
Cooperstown & Cherry Valley-
Corning & Blossburg
Corning & Olean
CoxsackieA Schenectady
Dansville & Rochester
Delaware
Division Avenue
Dunkirk & State Line
Dutchess
Date of
Organization.
Dec.
Nov.
May
May
April
April
July
May
May
March
Jan.
May
April
May
April
Feb.
May
March
May
March
April
March
Dutchess May
Elmira, Canandaigua & Nia-1
gara Falls J
Elmira & Williamsport
Erie & Cattaraugus
Erie & New York City
Fishhouse A Amsterdam
Fishkill Landing & State Line..
Fredonia & Van Buren
Genesee Valley
Genesee & Cattaraugus....
Genesee & Hudson River..
Geneseo
Geneseo & Pittsford
Geneva & Canandaigua....
Gilboa
Goshen & Albany
Goshen & New York.
Great Ausable
Greene
Harlem & High Bridge.,
Herkimer & Trenton
Honeoye ,
Hudson & Berkshire
Hudson & Delaware..
Ithaca & Geneva
Ithaca & Owego
Ithaca & Port Ren wick.
Jamesville
Johnstown
Jordan & Skaneateles
Kingston Turnpike & R. R....,
Lake Champlain & OgdenBburgh
Lake Ontario, Auburn & New \
York f
Lake Ontario, Auburn ft New)
York J
Lake Ontario ft Hudson River...
10. 1850
26, 1853
21. 1836
5,1834
19, 1830
21, 1828
23. 1851
16. 1837
10. 1836
8, 1853
22, 1853
21, 1836
30, 1839
15. 1837
5, 1851
5, 1853
15, 1837
22, 1832
21, 1836
1, 1853
15, 1850
28, 1832
25, 1836
Capital.
Connixtions.
Si ,000,000
1,000,000
250,000
300,000
600,000
1,500,000
50,000
200,000
500,000
350,000
150,000
75,000
2,500
150,000
850,000
500,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
500,000
600,000
1,000,000
April 24,1857
April 21,1832
May 15, 1837
Lake Ontario ft New York .
Lansingburgh & Troy
Lansingburgh & Troy
Lebanon Springs
July
April
April
May
June
May
Dec.
April
May
April
April
April
May
April
April
Aug.
May
May
April
April
April
Jan.
April
May
May
May
April
April
April
May
April
Aug.
Lewiston..,
11, 1851
26, 1832
12, 1848
21. 1836
2. 1856
15. 1837
11, 1852
11, 1848
11, 1836
21, 1828
15, 1839
12, 1842
13, 1837
17, 1828
18. 1838
25, 1853
13, 1836
21, 1836
21, 1858
19, 1830
9, 1832
28, 1828
16, 1834
21, 1836
13, 1836
6, 1837
23, 1835
20, 1832
15, 1851
9, 185G
6. 1857
20, 1852
May 19, 1836
Nov. 13, 1853
Dec. 1, 1851
May 6, 1836
75,000
200,000
750,000
250,000
""*12,666
300,000
400,000
7,000,000
15,000
150,000
100,000
150,000
1,500,000
150,000
150,000
20,000
150.000
200,000
250,000
350,000
500,000
800,000
150,000
15,000
25,000
75,000
20,000
20,000
3,000,000
1,500000
1,500,000
150,000
40,000
10,000
500,000
200,000
Canandaigua and Erie Canal
Canandaigua and Syracuse
( Cassadaga Creek and I'enn. I
\ State Line /
Castleton and West Stockbridge
Catskill and Canajoharie
Remarks.
Catskill and Ithaca
J New York & Erie R. R. and )
( Penn. State Line j
Head of Cayuga and Penn. Lino
!Utica & Syracuse R. R. and )
New York & Erie R. R f
Clifton and Vreeland Farm, \
on Lower Bay J
Clyde and Lake Ontario
Landing and Moss Hill Quarries
In Cattaraugus co
(Cooperstown and Canandai-)
1 gua & Syracuse R. R J
[Corning and Blossburg Coal
{ Region in Penn.
Corning and Olean
Coxsackie and Schenectady
Dansville and Rochester
Delhi and Deposit
Brooklyn
Dunkirk and State Line
Pou^hkeepsie and State Line
( Poughkeepsie and Mass. or 1
\ Conn, line j
Elmira and Suspension Bridge...
Elmira and Williamsport, Penn.
( Attica & Buffalo R. R. and 1
1 Genesee & Cattaraugus R.R. {
j Little Valley Creek and \
\ Penn. State Line J
Fishhouse and Amsterdam
ft'
Fredonia and Van Buren...
Avon and Mount Morri3....
(Attica and New York
I Erie R.R /
Rochester and Albany
Geneseo and Canal in York
Geneseo and Pittsford
Geneva and Canandaigua
Gilboa to Canajoharie
Albany and Goshen
Goshen to New Jersey State line
Port Kent and Ausable Forks...
and New York & 1
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done under this organi-
zation.
Partly constructed, and after-
wards abandoned.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done.
Nothing done. Intended for lum-
bering purposes.
Nothing done.
Changed in 1854 to Blossburg &
Corning R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed. Nothing further done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
{Formed by connection of Ca-
nandaigua & Elmira and Ca-
nandaigua & Niagara Falls
R. Roads.
Nothing done by this Corporation.
Nothing done.
Partly graded.
Nothing done.
Company never organized.
Nothing done.
Trains commenced in March 1859.
fGre
ErieR. R J
East River and High Bridge
Herkimer and Trenton
Erie Canal and Honeoye Lake.,
Hudson and Berkshire
Newburghand Delaware River.
{Ithaca and Geneva & Canan- )
daigua R. R J
Ithaca and Owego
Ithaca and Cayuga Lake
Jamesville to Erie Canal
("Johnstown and Utica & Sy-1
1 racuse R. R f
J Jordan and terminus Ska-1
{ neateles R. R /
Esopus Creek and Kingston
Ogdensburgh and L. Champlain..
f Little Sodus Bay and Clyde &
\ Sodus R. R.
The same
(Lewiston and mouth of Ni-1
\ agara River J
Lansingburgh and Troy
The same
Lebanon Springs and Chatham..
Lewiston and Niagara Falls
Nothing done.
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
Nothing
done,
done,
done,
done,
done,
done,
done,
done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Merged in Hudson and Boston
R.R.
Graded, but nothing further done.
Not constructed.
Changed to Cayuga and Susque-
hanna R. R.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Not constructed.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
Grading commenced, but no part
completed.
(Work resumed, but no part
\ completed.
Name changed from Sackets Har-
bor & Saratoga R. R. No part
completed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Grading commenced, but no part
completed.
Leased to the New York Central
R. R. Co.
78
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Fail Roads Projected, Abandoned, arid merged in other Roads, continued.
Lockport & Batavia May 21,1836
Lockport A Niagara Falls April 24,1834$ 175,000
Lockport A Youngstown..
Madison County
Names op Rail Roads.
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Maiden ,
Manhattan
ManheimA Salisbury.,
May 13, 1837
Nov. 2-3. 1853
April 28,1834
March 29. 1832
May 15, 1834
May 13, 1S36
Jan. 11, 1851
Mohawk A Hudson April 17, 1S20
Mayville A Portland. ,
Medina A Darien
Medina A Lake Ontario.
Mohawk Taller
May 21. 1836 350.000
April 17,1829 70,000
Mohawk A Moose Rirer.,
Mohawk A St. Lawrence R. R.
,v Navigation Co
Newark
New York City
New York A Albany
New York A Connecticut
New York A Newburgh
New York A New Rochelle
New York A Troy
New York A Western
Niagara Bridge A Canandaigua..
Niagara Falls, Buffalo A New
York
Niagara Falls A Lake Ontario
Niagara Falls A Lewistown ...
Niagara River
Northern
Northern (N.J.).
Northern Slackwater A Railwav
Co '
nsborgb
Ogdensburgh. Clayton A Rome
April 14, 1S57
May 11. 1837
May 21, 1836
May 12, 1851
April 17,1832
May 12, 1846
March 27, 1854
Feb. 18, 1852
Jan. 30, 1852
June 10, 1853
Aug. 23, 1858
June
Sept.
Sept.
July
May
4. 1--.2
3, 1852
1. 1^47
3, 1S55
14, 1S45
April 15,1858
350,000
310.000
75,000
150.000
100,000
2l.HU II HI
2,000.000
300,000
1,000,000
100,000
120,000
3,000,000
150,000
500,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
12,000,000
1,000,000
250.000
HKI.I 00
150,000
175.000
2,000,000
May 13, 1846
Orange A Sussex Canal Co April 9, 1829
Oswego. Hinghamton A New York
Orwego Northern A F-astern
Tr v
I'tira
vl
! I A- i.ui.il
Piermont W(«t . s hr.rf
'.nrgh A Rrnisos Point
Pari Byron A Auburn
Botlwlefi Lockport A Niagara
Rochester A Canal Rail Rot 1.
Rooh^'ter A Lake Ontario
Rochester A Lockport
Dec.
Peb.
31. 1857
19, 1353
Aug.
Jan.
Peb.
Mar
April
Mav
May
Dec.
14, 1855
12. Is.",'!
21. 1854
1::. 1886
26, 1832
21. 1836
6. 1837
4, 1857
Rochester A Pittsburgh July 18, 1853
Rochester A Southern Her. 27
Rochester A Syracuse Aug. 1,1850
March 17,1861
April 17, 1829
Doc. 10, 1850
Mar. ), 26, 1831
May 3, 1852
May 15. 1837
2,000,000
1.538,500
2. .HIM)
400,000
;4oo,ooo
2.000,000
750.000
2' .'MM -I
-,00.0011
12,000
40,000
500.000
50000
30,000
100,000
j 10,000
l. ,000
200.000
4.2'>o.i«K)
Connections.
Lockport and Batavia. ,
Lockport and Niagara Falls.
Lockport and Youngstown...
Chittenango and Cazenovia..
( Maiden and jnnction
■< Smithbush and Esopus
( Roads
Manhattanvilleand South Ferry
Little Falls and Nicholville
)US >
Remarks.
Mayville and Portland.....
Medina and Alexander
Medina and Carlton.
Utica and Schenectady....
ilbany and Schenectady..
{
New York Central R. R. in~|
Montgomery county and >
Moose River Lakes )
Nicholville and Piseco Lake
Tienna and Lake Ontario
f Lower part of the city and \
\ Macombs Bridge J
New York and Albany
Ridgefield, Conn., and Harlem...
" Newburgh and New Jersey 1
State line )
New Rochelle and New York |
City /
New York A Harlem R. R. |
in Ghent and Troy
State Line in Rockland Co.
and Canandaigua
N iagara Bridge and Canandaigua
Suspension Bridge and Buffalo...
Niagara Falls and Youngstown..
Niagara Falls and Lewiston
Niagara Falls and Lewiston
Rouses Point and Ogdensburgh.
Piermont and Jersey City..
Port Kent and Boonville..
Ogdensburgh and Rome.,
Oswego and Syracuse
_ Oswego unilWliitehall A Rut-)
land R.R J
Oswego and Troy
i I- v.. _•.. an. I I'tira
Cooperstown and Milford
i twego and Cortland or Homer..
Pen field and Krie Canal
( Pi.-rmont and terminus of")
Nnrth.-rn II. It. (N.J.) at -
1 8tate Lino J
Plattubtirgh and Rouses Point...
Auburn and Port Byron
Rochester and Niagara Falls.,
Rochester and Lake. Ontario..
Rochester and Charlotte.
Rochester and Lockport.
Rome A Port Ontario Mav 13. 1«37 350.000
Rutland A Whitehall May 21.1836 100,000
Sackets Harbor A Saratoga. April 1". 1848 2.000,000
{Genesee Valley R. R. and!
Allegan; Valley R. R j
Bochettm and fcfendon
K - h'-st.r and Syracuse
Rom" and Port Ontario ,
whit-hall and Rutland
1 1. ii bet and Saratoga...,
Sockets narbor A WatTtown.... Aug. 26,1856 110,000 Sockets Harbor and Watertown
I
Nothing done.
Merged in the New York Central
R. R.
Nothing done.
Preliminary surveys made. Noth-
ing else done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Name changed to Mohawk & St.
Lawrence R. R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
Name changed to Albany & Sche-
nectady R. R. First R. R. in
the State.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
No part of the road completed
by this Company.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
No part constructed..
Nothing done.
Surveyed, nothing further done.
Changed from Canandaigua A
Niagara Falls R. R. Leased to
New York Central R. R.
Nothing done.
Graded and rails laid, but not used.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Since changed to Ogdensburgh
R.R.
Allowed to extend from State Line
to Piermont. Constructed.
Route explored, nothing further
done.
Name changed from Northern.
Partly graded, and abandoned.
Allowed to build a R. R. on the
lino of their route. Nothing
done.
Nothing done beyond surveys.
Nothing done.
Nothing done but surrey.
Nothing done but survey.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Superseded by extension of North-
ern R. R. to Piermont.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated In New York Cen-
tral R. R.
Completed to near the Landing
in 18.32.
Leased to New York Central R. R.
Co. on consolidation.
Nothing done under this organi-
zation.
Not constructed.
Not constructed.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral in 1855.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly graded. Name changed
to Lake Ontario and Hudson
R.R.
Surveyed, but nothing further
done.
RAIL ROADS.
79
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued.
Names op Rail Roads.
Saliua & Port Watson
Saratoga Springs k Schuylervillo
Saratoga k Fort Edward
Saratoga k Montgomery
Saratoga & Washington
Schenectady k Catskill
Schenectady & Susquehanna
Schenectady & Troy
Schoharie & Otsego
Scottsville & Canandaigua.,
Scottsville & LeRoy
Sharon & Root..
Skaneateles .
Skaneateles k Jordan
Sodus Point & Southern .
Staten Island ,
Staten Island
Syracuse, Cortland & Bing-
hamton
Syracuse Stone ,
Syracuse k Binghamton ,
Syracuse & Southern .
Syracuse k Utiea.
Syracuse & Utica Direct
Tioga Coal, Iron Mining
Manufacturing Co ,
Tonawanda
Trenton & Sackets Harbor...,
Troy Turnpike k Rail Road..
Troy & Utica ,
Troy k West Stockbridge
Tyrone & Geneva ,
Ulster County ,
Unadilla k Schoharie..
Utica k Binghamton..
Utica k Schenectady.,
Utica & Susquehanna
Utica & Syracuse Straight Line.
Utica & Waterville
Warren County
Warsaw & LeRoy
Warwick
Washington County Central.,
Watertown k Cape Vincent..,
Watervliet & Schenectady.
Westchester County ,
West Side
Whitehall k Pittsburgh ...
Whitehall & Rutland
Williamaburgh, Brooklyn, )
Bush wick & New Lots / '
Date of
Organization.
April
April
April
May
May
May
May
May
April 25, 1832
April 12,1838
May 21, 1836
April 18,1838
27, 1829
6, 1832
17, 1832
6, 1836
2, 1834
13, 1846
13, 1846
21, 1836
May
March
March
May
Aug.
May
May
July
May
Jan.
April
May
April
Feb.
May
May
May
April
Sept.
June
April
May
May
Dec.
May
Nov.
Feb.
Dec.
April
June
19, 1836
13. 1835
8, 1852
21, 1836
2, 1851
21. 1836
13, 1836
2, 1851
Oct. 13, 1856
11. 1836
20, 1853
1841
14, 1832
15. 1837
18, 1831
10, 1853
10, 1836
16, 1837
21, 1S36
May 9, 1836
May 18, 1853
April 29, 1833
25, 1832
18, 1852
26, 1854
17, 1832
5, 1834
13, 1837
8, 1853
May 13, 1836
21, 1836
7, 1856
1854
15. 1852
26, 1833
29. 1853
Capital.
$ 375,000
100,000
200,000
150,000
600,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
500,000
300,000
100,000
200,000
50,000
25,000
350,000
250,000
300,000
500,000
75,000
1,200,000
1,201,300
1,000,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
100,000
2,500,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
600,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
1,000.000
1,000,000
300,000
250,000
100,000
100,000
200,000
50,000
500,000
500,000
6,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
Connections.
Syracuse and Port Watson
/ Saratoga Springs and Schuy- )
I lervillo J
Saratoga and Fort Edward
/ BallstOD Spa and W. branch \
X of North Kiver j
Saratoga and Vt. State Line
Schenectady and Catskill
f Schenectady and New York )
( &ErieR. R J
Schenectady and Troy
/ Catskill & Central R. R. and 1
\ Susquehanna j
Scottsville and Canaudaigua
Scottsville and LeRoy...
{
f Branch of Catskill k Cana-1
X joharieR. R J
"Skaneateles and some poiuti
on Skaneateles & Jordan
R.R ]
Skaneateles and Jordan
/ Sodus Point and Catskill ,
1 Ithaca R. R.
/From near Quarantine to]
1 opposite Amboy J
Clifton and Tottenville ,
Syracuse and Binghamton
Remarks.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done by this company.
Nothing done.
Name changed to Saratoga k
Whitehall R.R.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral R. R. in 1853.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Partly constructed but afterwards
abandoned.
Nothing done.
Constructed, but since abandoned.
'Changed from Skaneateles R.R.
Syracuse and Stone quarries..
Syracuse and Binghamton
Syracuse and Binghamton..
Syracuse and Utica.
Syracuse and Utica..
/ Bituminous coal region and 1
X Chemung Canal J
Rochester and Attica..
Trenton and Sackets Harbor
Troy and Bennington, Vt
Troy and Utica ;
Troy and West Stockbridge
/ Geneva and New York k \
X Erie R.R j
/Kingston and New York k{
X Erie R.R j
("Mouth of Unadilla River"}
■i and New York & Erie >
{ KR j
Utica and Binghamton
Utica and Schenectady
Utica and Susquehanna
Utica and Syracuse
Utica and Waterville
Glens Falls and Caldwell
Warsaw and LeRoy
/ Branch of New York & Erie \
X near Chester J
Pittstown and Greenwich
Watertown and Cape Vincent..
West Troy and Schenectady
Harbor River and New Rochelle.
Albany and Sufferns.
Whitehall and Plattsburgh
Whitehall and Rutland, Vt
Williamsburgh and New Lots....
Partly graded; work stopped in
1854.
Not constructed.
Not constructed.
Surveyed. Nothing further done.
Nothing done.
Opened in 1854. Name changed
to Syracuse k Southern R. R.
Successor of Syracuse k Bing-
hamton R. R. Name changed
to Syracuse, Binghamton &
New York R. R
Consolidated with New York Cen-
tral R. R. in 1853.
Not constructed,
f Sold in 1852, and name changed
< to Corning k Blossburg
(. R.R.
Consolidated with Attica k Buffalo
R. R. in 1850,
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Consolidated with New
Central R. R. in 1S53.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Not constructed.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed and
and
York
nothing
nothing
further
further
done.
Surveyed
done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Nothing done.
Surveyed, but not constructed.
Not constructed by this company.
Allowed to build Horse R. Road,
for 21 years.
CORPORATIONS.
Corporations were generally formed under special acts until the adoption of the Constitution of
1S4G, which directed that general laws should be passed for this purpose, and forbade special legis-
lation, except for municipal purposes and in cases where the purpose to be attained could not other-
wise be effected. The Legislature has power to alter and repeal the powers of any corporation
formed under the general laws. The articles of association or declaration of intention must in all
cases be filed in some office of record specified in the general acts ; and limitations of time, capital,
and location must be specified. The stockholders of the more important classes of corporations
are personally liable to an extent equal to the amount of stock owned. Under the present Con-
stitution, general acts of incorporation have been passed for a variety of purposes, all of which
belong to one of 4 general classes. 1
Class I. includes those whose articles are filed in the office of the Secretary of State.
1. "An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Companies to construct Plank Roads and
Turnpikes." 2
2. " An Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Mining, Mechanical, and
Chemical Purposes" was passed Feb. 8, 1848.*
3. "An Act to authorize the formation of Gas Light Companies'" was passed Feb. 16, 1848. 4
1 C . Art. VIII. Raised Statutes. Previous to 1846,
general laws existed for the organization of religious societies,
(1T V 4 ;) collegi s and academies. (1787 ;) public libraries, (1796;)
medi' - i manufacturing companies, (1S11;)
bank3. (l^J-> :) and agricultural societies, (1819, 1^41.)
* Several hundred of these corporations were formed and
several thousand miles of plank road built in 1848-52. It is
probable that less than 5 per cent, of these are now in use,
having mostly been abandoned and divided into road districts
as public highways. The companies were required to report,
but generally neglected to do do; and few general statistics are
preserved concerning them.
3 These companies, though quite numerous, were not required
to report ; and statistics concerning them cannot be obtained.
Many companies that filed their articles never went into
operation.
* Gas Light Companies.
A * indicates companies not in operation.
Naues of Compames.
Albany Gas Light Consumers' Co.*
Albion Gas Light Co.*
Albion Gas Light Co
Astoria Gas Co
Auburn Gaa Light Co _
Batavia Gas Light Co_
Binghamton Gas Light Co.....
Brockport Gas Light Co
Brooklyn Gas Co.*
Brooklyn Consolidated Gaa Light Co
Buffalo City Gaa Light Co-
Buffalo Gaa Light Co
Canandaigua Gaa Light Co
CaUkill <iaa Light Co
Citiz- nV Qtt Li^'ht Co.- ~
Citi*. n*' Gaa Light Co. of the City of Rochester.
Ciiiz' n»' Independent Gaa Co
Elmirafiu-
Ki.-hk
I a
Pulton '. h Ughl Oo
Gaa Light I - rinue
• a Oaa Light Co
Oa* Light Oo
i '
Harl- _
1 1 • m I « t - | _
H« mprtead Gaa Light Co
Ilu won fi(M Oo
Hadaon Gaa Light ' * -
Ithn. I
Jamaica Gaa Ught •'•>.
Johnstown <<»* I
Lanaingburgh <iaa Light Co
Lock; ghtOo
Lvon« Gaa Ught Oo
Manhattan Gax Light Co
Morritania Gaa Light Co
V wtmrgh Gaa Ughl Oo
New ToS Mutual Saving Gaa Light Co.*.
Ogdenabur^h liaa Co
Ogdensbargh Gaa Light Co
Ogdensburgh Gaa Light A Coke Co
Oswego Gaa Light Co
Owego Gaa Ught Co
60
Date of Organization.
Original Capital.
Present Capital.
Feb. 18, 1856
575,000
§75.000
March 13. 1856
20,000
20.000
May 13, 1858
30,000
30.000
Dec. 1, 1853
20,000
20.000
Jan. 29, 1850
20,000
50.000
June 11,1865
32,000
32.000
June 25, 1853
50,000
60,000
Jan. 17, 1859
Oct. 21, 1848
200,000
200.000
Oct. 24, 1856
500,000
500.000
March 12. 1S53
150.000
150.000
Feb. 29. 1848
150.000
750.000
Aug. 3, 1853
50.000
50.000
July 13, 1855
40.000
4H.O0O
Oct. 26, 1858
1,000.000
1,000.000
Jan. 22, 1852
60,000
50,000
June 18, 1 B59
Sept. 13. 1852
50.000
60.000
May 8,1862
60,000
60.000
July 20, 1S58
15.000
15.000
Julv 18,1*55
40.000
61,000
Juno 12,1868
12,000
12.000
Feb. 9.1 Mil
100.000
100.000
Nov. 24, 1852
75,000
75.000
Juno 17,1864
35.000
85.000
Nov. 29, 1868
100.000
40.000
Feb. 6,1866
120.000
350.000
April 18.1857
15,000
15,000
April 9,1869
Peb. 28,1868
60.000
50,000
May 22,1862
60.000
60.000
Oct. 88,1862
75.000
75,000
.liin^ 2. 1866
30.000
20.000
March IB, 1857
18.000
18,000
Feb. 28,
100.000
100.000
Maxell 17. 1861
17,000
40,000
Jan. 26, 1859
Oct 4 1
2,000,000
Oct. 28, 1862
200.000
200,000
M:.v 17,1862
60.000
70,000
Sept 90,1862
1,500.000
1,500.000
Aug. 2. 1 !. 1864
75.000
75.000
June 16, 1868
100.000
100.000
June 11. 1 v;,4
75.000
75,000
April 22, 1862
65,000
05.000
March 24. 1856
40,000
40.000
CORPORATIONS.
81
4. " An Act for the incorporation 0/ Benevolent, Charitable, Scientific, and Mis-
sionary Societies" was passed April 12, 1848. 1
5. " An Act to provide for the incorporation and regulation of Telegraph Companies"
was passed April 12, 1848, and amended June 24, 1853. 2
6. "An Act for the incorporation of Building, Mutual Loan, and Accumulating
Fund Associations" was passed April 10, 1851. 3
7. " An Act to provide for the formation of Insurance Companies" was passed April
10, 1849.*
Gas Light Companies, continued.
Names op Companies.
Palmyra Gas Light Co
Peekskill Gas Light Co
Plattaburgh Gas Light Co
Poughkeepsie Gaa Light Co
Richmond County Gaa Light Co ,
Rochester Gaa Light Co
Rome Gaa Light Co
Rondout & Kingston Gas Light Co.-
Saratoga Gas Light Co
Schenectady Gas Light Co ,
Seneca Falla Gas Light Co.*
Seneca Falls & Waterloo Gaa Light Co
Sing Sing Gaa Light Co ,
Sing Sing Gas Manufacturing Co
Staten Island Gas Light Co
Syracuse Gas Light Co
Tarrytown and Irvington Union Gaa Light Co
The Consumers' Gas Light Co. of Saratoga Springs.,
Troy Gas Light Co
UticaGas Light Co
Waterford Gas Light Co
Watertown Gas Light Co
Weat Farma Gaa Light Co
West Troy Gas Light Co
Williamsburgh Gas Light Co
Yonkers Gas Light Co
Date of Organization.
Oct.
July
July
Dec.
April
May
Dec.
May
Aug.
June
July
Dec.
May
July
March
Nov.
March
Aug.
April
Nov.
Oct.
Feb.
Nov.
Jan.
July
May
29, 1856
18,1855
5, 1859
18, 1850
26, 1856
12, 1848
28, 1S50
27, 1854
4. 1853
19, 1849
17, 1856
24, 1856
3. 1854
25. 1855
14. 1856
30, 1848
4, 1859
23, 1858
6,1848
23, 1848
4, 1858
28, 1852
18, 1852
31, 1853
5, 1850
12, 1854
Original Capital.
12,500
40,000
70,000
200,000
100,000
20,000
65,000
75,000
50,000
50,000
80,000
80,000
35,000
150,000
100,000
30,000
100,000
100,000
12,000
20,000
200,000
100,000
80,000
70,000
Present Capital.
12,500
31,000
70,000
350,000
200,000
30,000
65,000
75.000
70,000
50,000
80,000
80,000
35,000
150,000
100,000
30,000
200,000
80,000
12,000
20,000
200,000
100.000
449,500
70,000
1 These companies are not required to report.
2 These companies make no report; and there is no official
knowledge concerning those now existing. Several of those
formed never went into operation, and others have been con-
solidated. The N. Y. & Erie R. R. have a telegraph for regu-
lating the trains upon that road. The N. Y. Central and some
other roads have the exclusive or preferred use of telegraph
wires along their route for like purposes.
Telegraph Companies.
A * indicates companies not in operation
Name.
Albany, Springfield & Boston Di
rect Telegraph Co
American Telegraph Co.*
Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Co.*..
Baldwinsville Electro Magnetic
Telegraph Co.*
Buffalo, Corning & New York
Telegraph Co
Central & Southern Telegraph Co.*
Eastern & Western Telegraph Co.*
Erie & Central Junction Tel. Co.*..
Erie & Central Junction Tel. Co.
Genesee Valley Turnpike Co
Long Island, Marine & Inland
Telegraph Co
Merchants' Telegraph Co.* ,
New York, Albany & Buffalo Elec
tro Magnetic Telegraph Co
New York, Albany & Buffalo Tele-
graph Co.,incorp. by special act*
New York & Canada House's Print-
ing Telegraph Co
New York & Mississippi Tel. Co.*..
New York & Mississippi Yalley
Printing Telegraph Co.*
New York & Montreal Printing
Telegraph Co.*
Date of
Organization.
May
Dec.
June
19. 1854
12. 1855
15, 1S57
Dec. 4, 1852
Jan.
Nov.
May
April
July
April
March
Sept.
25. 1856
13, 1854
30, 1855
24, 1852
19, 1853
10. 1857
24. 1858
23, 1852
May 31, 1848
Jan. 25, 1856
Capital.
Nov.
April
Feb.
Sept.
19, 1855
8, 1851
21, 1854
15, 1853
$ 35,000
200,000
300,000
400
15,000
11,250
20,000
11.250
11,250
80,000
40,000
40,000
250,000
40,000
360,000
170,000
60,000
Name.
New York & Montreal Telegraph Co.*
New York & New England Tel. Co.*..
New York &. New England Tel. Co
New York & Philadelphia Branch
Telegraph Co
New York &■ Sandy Hook Telegraph
Co
New York & Washington Printing
Telegraph Co
New York & Western Union Tele-
graph Co
New York, St. Louis & New Orleans
Junction Telegraph Co
New Y'ork State Printing Telegraph
Co.* ,
New York State Telegraph Co.*...
Otsego Telegraph Co
Syracuse, Oswego & Ogdensburgh
Telegraph Co ,
Transatlantic Telegraph Co.*
Transatlantic & Submarine Tele-
graph Co
Troy, Albany & Boston Telegraph Co.
Utica & Oxford Magnetic Telegraph
Co
West Troy, Lansingburgh,Waterford
& Cohoes Telegraph Co
Date of
Organization.
Oct.
April
July
April
Aug.
May
Dec.
Aug.
July
May
Sept.
Sept.
May.
Jan.
July
Aug.
July
23, 1852
26. 1849
3, 1852
24, 1848
13, 1852
26, 1852
22, 1852
26. 1850
15, 1850
15. 1850
30. 1851
22, 1855
19. 1857
18. 1858
25, 1857
2, 1852]
14,1855
Capital.
% 40,000
42,300
30,000
15,000
25,000
200,000
10,000
200,000
200,000
25,000
4,000
20,000
100,000
100,000
60,000
6,400
3,000
a These associations were chiefly limited to the vicinity of New
York, numbering 72 in New York co., about 40 in Kings Co.,
with a few in Queens, Richmond, and Westchester. Their ope-
rations consisted in raising money by subscription of the mem-
bers, to be loaned to that member who would allow the highest
premium,— the avowed intention being to afford to people of hum-
ble means the opportunity of securing for each a home. This
absurd fallacy found multitudes of dupes ; and in the competition
for loans the premiums paid in some instances ran as high as
one half of the amount loaned. The mode of appropriating
loans varied. It appeared in evidence before the legislative
committee of 1855 that in one instance it was as follows : — " The
names of all the shareholders who are not more than fonr weeks
in arrear are put in the end of a quill, and all put into a bottle;
the whole is then shaken, and the name which first comes ont
on reversing the bottle has the right to the appropriation."
Nearly or quite all of these associations have been abandoned,
a few only being kept together by the complexity of their inter-
ests and obligations, which are not readily adjusted. A statement
showing the operation of these associations was reported by a spe-
cial legislative committee in 1856.— Assem. Doc, 1856, JVb. 46,p. 16.
4 This act relates to Marine Insurance Companies which make
no report. A list of them will be found in the general list of
Insurance Companies, pp. 83 to 89.
6
82
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
8. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Navigate the Ocean by
Steamships" was passed April 12, 1852. 1
9. ".-In Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Ferry Purposes" was passed
April 9, 1853. 3
10. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Navigate the Waters of
L.ake George by Steamboats" was passed January 14, 1854. 3
11. "An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Navigate the Lakes and
Rivers" was passed April 15, 1854. Cos. report annually to the State Engineer and Surveyor. 4
1 Previous to 1S52, Steamship Cos. were incorp. by special acts ; since that time they have organized under the general act.
Ocean Steam Navigation Companies.
Names of Companies.
Date of Or-
ganization.
Amazon Steamship Co
Amcr. Atlantic Steam Nav. Co....'
Amsterdam Steamship Co
Atlantic Steamship Co
Cal.. N.Y.. A BnTOp-Bteainshh, I
Cal.. N.Y.. a Eur m. Steamship Co.
Cent. .Ann r. A Cal Bti im-hipCO...
Mexican Oo an Mail A Inland Co.!
N. Y.. Halt. A Alex. Steamship Co..|
N. Y. a Boston Steamboat Co |
N. Y. a- California Steamship Co_.
N. Y. a Qalway Steamship Co....
N. Y. Harbor Steam Freight Co_.
N. Y. A- Havana Steamship Co— .1
Deo. 26. 1S53
fFeb. 23. 1839.1
\ a- May 8. 1845 J
Jan.
May
Oct.
Oct.
July
Jan.
Oct.
April
6, 1854
26. Mi
1, 1858
1, 1859
7, 1852
25, 1853
27, 1852
19, 1828
March 15, 1853
Sept. 6, 1853
March 11, 1853
Jan. 14, 1859
Capital.
t ■'.".. i
2,000,000
300,000
686.000
500,000
400,000
1,500.000
120.000
150.000
1,500.000
1.000,000
100,000
Names of Companies.
IN. Y. & Havre Steamship Co-
N. Y. & Matanzas Steamship Co....
N. Y. & New Orleans Steamship Co.
X. Y. South American Steamboat Co
N. Y. & Southern Steamship Co
N. Y. & Virginia Steamship Co
Xorth American Steam Nav. Co....
Ocean Steam Navigation Co
Ocean Steam Packet Co
Ocean Steamship Co
Parker Vein Steamship Co
Staten Island & N.J. Steam Nav. Co.
U. S. & Cent. American Transit Co.
U.S. & Liberia Steamship Co
W. India & Venezuela Steamship Co
Date of Or-
ganization.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
April
Sept.
April
May
May
May
April
Dec.
March
June
March
March
13, 1855
15, 1859
12, 1854
14, 1827
29, 1853
10, 1850
1, 1839
8,1846
6, 1839
7, 1819
26, 1853
17, 1853
25, 1859
13, 1S54
8, 1856
Capital.
$700,000
360,000
100,000
500.000
300,000
1,500,000
1.000,000
1,000,000
250,000
1,000,000
50,000
100,000
150,000
* The Ferry Companies are required to report annually to the Secretary of State ; but the reports are not published.
Ferry Companies formed under the General Act.
Names op Companies.
Date of Or-
ganization.
Capital.
Names of Companies.
Date of Or-
ganization.
Capital.
Brooklyn Ferrv Co
Feb. 26, 1855
Nov. 7, 1854
April 19,1853
June 29, 1859
Jan. 21, 1854
May 9, 1859
June 20, 1859
$100,000
3,000
500,000
12,000
People's Ferry Co. (N. Y. to Wil-
Piermont & Dearman Ferry Co ....
iRhinebeck A Kingston Ferry Co...
jRosevelt & Bridge St. Ferry Co.
(N. Y. to Brooklvn)
April 21,1853
Sept. 5, 1853
May 7, 1853
April 26,1853
April 25, 1855
Oct. 26, 1853
Nov. 9, 1854
$300,000
50.000
8.000
250,000
100
900.000
800.000
- A Hyde Park Ferry Co...
Flushing. College" Point A N. Y.
- m Ferry Co
Oarri- n ft West Point Ferrv Co.
island Ferry Co. (X.Y. A
Staten Island & N. Y. Ferry Co ....
iUnion Ferry Co. of Brooklyn
Navv Yard Ferrv Co
* The only Company formed under this act is the Lake George Steamboat Co., incorp. Jan. 20, 1854. It has a capital of $20,000.
* Inland Steam Navigation Companies.
Names of Companies.
American Steamboat Co
American Transportation Co.*
Archiii - Co
P.lark Rrret -•
Black River Steamboat Co
Btancbard Steaml I I
• ^Transportation To.
•
Chntanqaa Steamb it Co
at Co
amboat Co..
Flushing Steamboat Co
Fiilt. n Steamboat Co
Harbin A New York Nav.
Hudson River Steamboat Co
bamplain Btaai
Lake rh.itnplain Steam boa •
Lake F.ri- Transportation C
Lake Erie A Buffalo Steamboat Co.
Lake Ontario Bteafflboal Co"
Date of
Organization.
Feb.
Jan.
June
April
April
Feb.
May
Aug.
Feb.
May
April
April
April
April
April
Jnn.
April
March
3, 1858
11, 1855
1, 1859
12, 1«41
24, 1S66
25.1856
6, 1866
16, 1864
26, 1828
i. 1828
18, 1828
20, 1826
•J I. 1828
21, 1828
18, 1816
it. 1866
20, 1826
16, 1866
12, 1818
Mnv 11,1886
March 10, 1820
N v. 20, 1866
March
Jan. 3
Capital.
ivu.noo
640.000
200.000
25,000
10.000
26,000
120,000
20.000
50.000
:10,000
6,000
100.000
20,000
15.000
250.000
27.000
200,000
20,000
200,000
100.000
114.000
100,000
50.000
100.000
Names of Companies.
Lake Navigation Co
New York Transportation Co
New York A Albany Propeller Line
New York A Western Towing Co
Niagara Tails Steamboat Assoc...
Northern Transportation Co
Northern Transportation Line ....
North Tiiver Steamboat Co.*
Old Oswego Line
Oneida Lake A River Steamboat
Co.'
Ontario Steam A Canal Boat Co./...
Ontario Steamboat Co
Ontario A St. I.iwrence Steam-
boat Co.»
Orangetown Point Steamboat Co...
Ponghkeepsie Steamboat Co
St. Lawrence Steamboat Co
Seneca Lake steamboat Co.
Suffolk Steamboat Co
Bnsqnehanna Steam Navigation Co.
Troy Steamboat Co
United States Mail Steamship Co...
Western Transportation Co
Date of
Organization.
Capital.
Feb. 20, 1856
500.000
April 15, 1854
100.000
Dec. 1,1866
40.000
Sept. 21, 1857
55,000
Sept. 2, 1854
50,000
Feb. 6, 1855
300,000
April 6, 1857
50.51 Hi
March 10, 1820
600.000
May 2, 1856
300,000
April 2, 1838
10,000
1842
May 12, 1859
100,000
1848
April 16, 18.30
10.000
March 30, 1827
50,000
1842
April 6, 1S25
20.000
March 25, 1829
B.000
May 11, 1835
50,000
March 31, 1825
so.ooo
April 6,
1,500.0110
Dec. 8, 1855
800.000
' Capital reduced to «J7n.or»i Jan. 1.'.. 186 I.
» Charter expired April 11. fir't steamboat on
Lake Champl.vn was in 1H10.
Merged in the Ontario A St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in IM*.
Eicln«ive individual and corporate rights for steam n. 11
'.ion npon the waters of this State h»Te been granted under
il acts, as follows: — An act was pa---l lurch 10,1797,
granting to John Fitch the sole right of steam navigation In
the waters of the State for a period of fourteen years. Having
■* Charter expired April 11. 1838.
' Charter limited to 20 years. Reincorporated April 12, 1842.
/ Verged in the Ontario A St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in 1848.
c Merged in the American Steamboat Co. in 1858.
dote- nothing for ten years, this act was repealed in 1798. An
net was pawid March 27, 1798. granting to Robert R. Livingston
|e right of navigating by steam for twenty years, con-
lir i re -d to building a boat of at least 20 tons, capable of moving
four miles per hour against the current of Hudson River. This
CORPORATIONS.
83
12. "An Act for the Incorporation of Associations for Improving the Breed of"
Horses" was passed April 15, 1854. 1
13. " An Act to facilitate the formation of Agricultural and Horticultural Socie-
ties'* was passed June 8, 1853, and amended April 15, 1855. 2
Class II. includes all those whose certificates are required to be filed in the Comptroller's office.
1. " An Act to provide for the Incorporation of liife and Health Insurance Com-
panies, and in relation to Agencies of such Companies," was passed June 24, 1853. s
2. " An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Fire Insurance Companies" was passed
June 25, 1853. 4
1 The following companies have been formed under this act :-
Names.
Place.
When formed.
Newtown...
Newtown...
Goshen
Jamaica....
Nov. 26, 1855
May 29, 1854
July 31, 1855
July 31, 1858
Orange County Central Horse Co..
2 For Table of Agricultural Societies, see pp. 102, 103.
privilege was extended two years, March 29, 1799, to enable
Nicholas J. Rosevelt to complete experiments. By act passed
in 1798, Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton secured the
exclusive right of navigating by steam for a period of twenty
years ; and by an act passed April 11, 1808, an extension of five
years was granted for each new boat — the whole time, however,
not to exceed thirty years. This monopoly was contested in
the State and Federal Courts, in a suit begun in 1819, and
finally decided in the Supreme Court of the U. S. in Feb. 1824,
as repugnant to the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to
regulate commerce. So far as these acts prohibited vessels
licensed by the laws of the United States from carrying on a
coasting trade, they were void. — Johnson's Reports, IV, 148 ;
Cowan's Reports, III, 713; Wheaton's Reports, IX, 1.
3 These companies report annually to the Comptroller. A list
of them is given in the general list of Insurance Companies.
4 These companies were formerly created by special acts,
— generally for periods of 20, 21, or 30 years. Until about 1834
they wore almost invariably upon the joint stock principle. For
many years this class of investments was considered extremely
reliable, and large dividends were often paid to the stock-
holders. The great fire in New York in Dec. 1835, proved a
heavy disaster to almost all the Insurance companies then
formed, and many of them were prostrated by it. This event
soon led to the formation of Mutual Insurance Companies in
almost every county in the State : most of these companies have
since become insolvent. A graphic and truthful statement of
the operations that ruined these companies is given in the Comp-
troller's Report on Fire Insurance Cos. of 1854. A general law,
passed April 10, 1849, provided for the incorporation of these
companies, under which risks of every kind might be taken.
The frauds perpetrated under this system rendered a revision
indispensable; and in 1853 two general laws were enacted, — one
for the formation of companies for insurance of life and health,
and the other against loss by fire, or inland navigation, and
transportation. The articles of association (under the law of
1849, required to be filed in the Secretary's office) were, by
these acts, filed in the Comptroller's office, and general powers
were conferred upon the Comptroller, with the view of protecting
the public from any frauds that might be attempted, and to
secure the equal and uniform operation of the laws relating to
insurance. Annual reports are made to the Comptroller, and by
him to the Legislature, under each of these laws. Marine In-
surance companies are still filed in the Secretary's office, but
are required to make no report.
Insurance companies formed under the laws of other States
or countries cannot establish agencies in this State without
first depositing with the Comptroller a certified copy of their
charters, and of the vote or resolution creating the agency, a
statement of their condition, and proof that their capital is
equal to that required by the laws of this State, and, if a
Life Insurance company, securities to the amount of $100,000,
for the benefit of policy holders. Foreign Marine Insurance
companies are required to pay 2 per cent, upon all premiums
received by any agent ; and a bond in the penal sum of $1,000
is required of every agent of such companies for the pay-
ment of this tax. This tax was first collected in 1858, and
amounted to $3,742.55. Several companies are not required to
report their statistics to the Legislature. The aggregate reports
of Fire Insurance Companies for 1857 show the following
results : —
Capital invested $16,731,010.00
Cash premiums received _. 6,051,304.87
Gross amount of income 7,577,872.62
Losses paid , 2,898,166.11
Dividends paid 2,240,434.72
Taxes paid 243,062.79
Gross expenditures 6,855,953.88
Unpaid claims 968,683.00
The following tables comprise the companies which have
been incorporated under special acts or the general laws of the
State. Foreign companies authorized to transact business in
the State are not included in the list : —
Insurance Companies in the State on 1st day of Jan. 1858.
Name.
2Etna Fire Insurance Co. of New York."...
Adriatic Fire Insurance Co
Agricultural Mutual Insurance Co.*
Albany Insurance Co. .
American Fire Insurance Co
Arctic Fire Insurance Co
Astor Fire Insurance Co
Astor Mutual Insurance Co
Atlantic Fire Insurance Co
Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co
Beekman Fire Insurance Co
Brevoort Fire Insurance Co
Broadway Insurance Co
Brooklyn Fire Insurance Co
Chautauqua County Mutual Insurance Co.
Citizens' Fire Insurance Co. 1 *
City Fire Insurance Co
Location.
New York..,
New York..,
Watertown
Albany -
New York-
New York..
New York..
New York..
Brooklyn....
New York-
New York..
New York-
New York-
Brooklyn...
Fredonia....
New York-
New York-
Date of Act, or
of filing arti-
cles of associ-
ation.
Expiration
of charter.
March
Nov.
Sept.
March
April
July
June
April
Feb.
April
March
Feb.
Oct.
April
April
April
April
31, 1S24
24, 1858
25, 1851
8, 1811
21, 1857
16, 1853
11, 1851
18, 1843
20, 1851
11, 1842
4, 1853
4, 1857
2, 1849
3, 1824
1, 1836
28, 1836
26, 1833
March
Nov.
Sept.
Feb.
April
July
June
31, 1878
24, 1888
25, 1S81
15. 1881
21, 1887
16, 1883
11, 1881
Feb.
April
March
Feb.
Oct.
April
April
April
April
20, 1881
11, 1872
4, 1883
4, 1887
2, 1879
3, 1866
1, 1876
28, 1866
26, 1863
5i>>
&3
5>0
■2c
S.
f.
S.
f.n.
M.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
M.
m.
S.
f. n.
M.
in. n.
S.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.
M.
f.
S.
f.
s.
f.
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
$200,000
150,000
125,000
200,000
250,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
200,000
102,000
150,000
210,000
<■ Reorganized Feb. 12, 1836, under act of Feb. 12, 1836.
* Removed from Evans Mills April 10, 1855.
• Reorganized Feb. 18, 1851. Capital, $100,000. Originally
Albany Fire Insurance Co. Capital, $100,000, and allowed to
take fire, marine, and life risks. Once extended. Expired
June 1, 1851.
* Changed to Citizens' Fire Insurance Co. April 5. 1849.
84
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Existing Insurance Companies, continued.
Name.
Location.
Clinton Fire Insurance Co
Columbia Fire Insurance Co
Columbian Insurance Co
Commercial Insurance Co
Commercial Fire Insurance Co-
Commonwealth Fire Insurance Co
Cintinental Fire Insurance Co
Corn Exchange Fire & Inland Nav. Ins. Co
Dividend Mutual Insurance Co
Dutchess Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Eagle F'ire Company of New York."
Bast Kiver Insurance Co.*
Empire City Insurance Co
Empire Insurance Co
Everett Fire Insurance Co
Excelsior Fire Insurance Co
Exchange Fire Insurance Co
Farmers' Fire Insurance Co
Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co
Firemen's Fund Insurance Co
Firemen's Insurance Co. e
Franklin Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Fulton Fire Insurance Ov 1 -..
flallatin Fire Insurance Co
Gebhard Fire Insurance Co
Glen Core Mutual Insurance Co
SI ita Mutual Insurance Co
Goodhue Fire Insurance Co...
Great Western Marine Insurance Co
Greenwich Insurance Co-
Grocers' Fir- Insurance Co
U imilton Fire Insurance Co.*
Hanover Fire Insurance Co
Harmony Fire Insurance Co
I : In Insurance Co...
i'l Fir. Insurance Co
B pe lire Insurance Co. (The)
II. 'ward Insurance Co./.
Humboldt Fire Insurance Co
Huntington Mutual Fire Insurance Co.?
Income Insurance Co
Indemnity Fire Insurance Co
Irving Fire Insurance Co
Jamestown Farmers' Fire Insurance Co
Jefferson Insurance Co
Kings County Fire Insurance Co
Kingston Mutual Insurance Co
Knickerbocker Life Insurance Co.-
rh cker Hre Insurance Co. of N.Y.V...
Lafarge Firo Insurance Co
I . ttc Fire Insurance Co
Laman Firo Insurance Co
[■Stum Fire Insurance Ox
-land Insurance Co
LorUUrd Fir- [nsuxanoeOo
Manhattan Life Insurance Co
Manhattan Firo Insurance Co.*.
Market Fir* Insurance Co
Mechanics' Mutual Insurance Co
Mecham - Fir- Insurance Oo
Mechanic' A Trad-rs' Firo Insurance Co.-
Mercantile Fir" Insurance Co
Mercantil- Mutual Insurance Co
Merchants' Insurant- Oo
Metropolitan Kir- Insurance Co
Monroe Co. Mutual Insurance Co
Montauk Firo Insurance To
M'-ntg'im-ry Oo. Mutual ln=ur inco Co
Mutual Ins Ob. of tfat f'ity and Co. of Albany-
Mutual Life Insurance 0o».
Nassau Fir» In»nrnnr» Oo
National Firo Insnranm (\,,i
Now Amsterdam F'iro Insurance Co
N-w World Firo lusuiauoeOo
rk Bowery Fir- Insurance Co.
Now York Kqnitat.lo Insurnnro (Y,.*
New York
New York...
New York...
Albany
New York...
New York..-
New York...
New York..
Glens Falls
Poughkeepsie
New York...
New York...
New York...
Union Springs
Cayuga co. N. Y...
New York-
New York...
Meridian
Buffalo
New York...
New York...
Malone
New York...
New York—
New Y'ork...
Glen Cove...
New York...
New York..-
New York...
New York
New York...
New York...
New York...
New York..-
New York...
New York..-
New York...
New York-.
New York...
Huntington
New York..-
New York
New York
Jamestown
New York...
New York
Kingston —
New York
New York...
New York
Brooklyn
New York
New York
Brooklyn
New York
New York
New York
New York
Troy
Brooklyn
New York
New York
New York
New York
N0W York
Rochester
Brooklyn
harie
Albany
New York
1 lyn
Now York
N'.-w York
New York
New York
New York
Date, of Act, or
of filing arti-
cles of associa-
tion.
July
March
Aug.
May
March
Feb.
April
April
April
April
Sept.
Dec.
Dec.
July
May
April
May
May
April
May
Feb.
Aug.
Aug.
March
March
Aug.
Aug.
May
Jan.
May
April
Dec.
April
Dec.
June
March
May
April
April
April
Jan.
Aug.
March
Oct.
March
March
March
May
Dec.
Dec.
April
April
Jan.
May
March
Jan.
May
May
Feb.
Dec.
April
FV1,.
Oct.
March
May
March
May
April
Oct
April
Feb.
Q :
April
April
9, 1850
9. 1853
8, 1S57
1858
14, 1850
1853
9, 1853
16, 1853
15, 1S50
12, 1836
4, 1806
24, 1833
17, 1850
22, 1851
15, 1858
25, 1853
20, 1853
28, 1853
14, 1845
1, 1858
18, 1825
12, 1836
23, 1853
11, 1857
6, 1857
29, 1857
22,1855
29. 1857
29, 1855
5,1834
16. 1850
22. 1852
1, 1852
1853
11. 1853
15, 185S
16, 1856
9, 1825
5, 1857
2,1838
17. 1858
11, 1856
9, 1852
25. 1851
4,1824
19, 1858
12, 1836
29, 1853
23, 1798
9, 1853
23. 1856
10, 1856
1, 1853
26,1833
16. 1852
17, 1850
23, 1821
26, 1853
14. 1836
5, 1857
4,1853
24, 1851
12, 1842
20, 1850
1, 1852
21. 1886
19, 1867
30, 1«36
3, 1836
12, 1842
31, 1851
9, 1838
in. lv.::
18, 1866
24,1833
28, 1828
Expiration
of charter.
July 9, 1880
March 9, 18S3
Aug. 8, 1887
March 14, 1880
1883
March 9, 1883
Feb. 16, 1883
April 15, 1880
April 12, 1876
Unlimited.
Sept.
Dec.
Dec.
July
May
April
May
May
17, 1880
22, 1881
15, 1888
25, 1883
20, 1883
28, 1883
14, 1865
1, 1888
May
Feb.
Aug.
Aug.
March
March
Aug.
Aug.
May
Jan.
May
April
Dec.
April
Dec.
June
June
May
April
12. 1876
23, 1883
11, 1887
6, 1887
29. 1877
22, 1885
29, 1887
29, 1885
5,1864
16, 1880
22. 1882
1, 1882
1883
11. 1883
15, 1S88
16, 1886
16, 1866
5, 1887
2, 1858
April 11,1886
Jan. 9, 1882
Aug. 25, 1881
March 12, 1876
March 29, 1883
May
Dec.
Dec.
April
April
Jan.
May
Jan.
May
May
Feb.
Dec.
A pril
Feb.
Oct.
9, 1883
:;. ism',
111. ISM",
1,1883
26, lsc.:',
16, 1882
17. 1880
1SC.C,
26, 1^::
14, 1876
5. lss:
4,1883
24. 1881
12. 1872
20, 1880
1, 1882
March 21, 1876
May 19, 1887
March 30, 1876
May 3, 1886
Till repealed.
Oct. 31, 1881
Feb."" 28, 1883
Oct. 13, 1886
April 24, 1863
1866
N
■sTJ
•1-3
8.
S.
S.
8.
S.
8.
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M.
M.
S.
S.
s.
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s.
s.
s.
M.
M.
8.
8.
M.
8.
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S.
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M.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
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s.
s.
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8.
8.
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8.
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8.
8.
8.
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8.
8.
3.
8.
8.
8.
M.
3.
3.
8.
M.
8.
8.
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3.
M.
M.
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3.
3.
8.
3.
3.
3.
f.n.
f.n.
m.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
£
f.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
m.
f.n.
m.
f.
f.
f.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
"fin'.'
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
I.
"f."n7
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
I.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
m. n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.n.
f.
f.
1.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.n.
f.
f.l.
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
1 250,000
200,000
500,000
200,000
250,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
204,000
150,000
150,000
200,000
300,000
200,000
1,000,000
200,000
200,000
160.000
200,000
150,000
500,000
150,000
150.000
250,000
200,000
100.000
150,000
200,000
200.000
150.000
100,000
28i i.dOO
150.000
150,000
200,000
150,000
200,000
200.000
llL'.oOo
250,000
200,000
150.000
200,000
200,000
20o,i on
300,000
150,000
135,000
1 .Mi.noO
200,000
2oo,
2oii.
300.000
210.000
•Original capital JSOO.ooo. Special relief on account of fire
of July 19, 1*45, granted by act of May )2. 1846.
♦Organized March. 1*35. Allow-,1 to t.iko inland trrin-;
tion risks April 28, 18*0. Changed to Bad Ettver Mutual In-
surance Co. April 12. ' -
• Original capital $300,000, reduced Mav 12. 1840, bv tho Are
of July. 1846.
• Allowed to remove from WiHi.imsr.urgh April 13. 1855.
Changed from Williamsburg)! City Fire Insurant I
• Changed from Building Association Firo Insurance Co.
March 8, 1863.
/Reorganized 1836. Original capital $300,000.
I Organized March, 1840, under act March 12. 1840.
* Changed from Mutual Insurance Co. of the City of New
York. May 12, ]S46. having been twice extended. Originally
named the Mutual Insurance Co. of New York.
< It-organized June 7, 1836.
i Changed May 24, 1841, from Seventeenth Ward Fire In-
surance Co. Amended charter March, 1867.
* Reduced from $300,000 Feb. 18, 1848.
C R P R A T I ON S.
Existing Insurance Companies, continued.
85
Name.
New York Fire and Marine Insurance Co.°
New York Indemnity Insurance Co.*
New York Life Insurance Co."
New York Life Insurance & Trust Co
New York Mutual Insurance Co
New York & Erie Insurance Co
Niagara Fire Insurance Co
North American Insurance Co
Northern New York Mutual Insurance Co
North River Insurance Co. d
North Western Insurance Co."
Ocean Insurance Co/..-
Ocean Insurance Co..
Ontario & Livingston Co. Mutual Insurance Co....
Orango Co. Mutual Insurance Co...
Orien Mutual Insurance Co
Pacific Fire Insurance Co
Pacific Mutual Insurance Co
Park Fire Insurance Co _
People's Fire Insurance Co
Peter Cooper Fire Insurance Co
Phoenix Fire Insurance Co
Poughkeepsie Mutual Fire Insurance Co
Relief Fire Insurance Co
Republic Fire Insurance Co
Resolute Fire Insurance Co
Richmond County Mutual Insurance Co.
Rutgers Fire Insurance Co
St. Lawrence Co. Mutual Insurance Co
St. MarkB Fire Insurance Co
St. Nicholas Insurance Co
Schenectady Insurance Co.ff
Security Fire Insurance Co
Star Insurance Co
Stuyvesant Insurance Co
Suffolk County Mutual Insurance Co....,
Sun Mutual Insurance Co
Tradesmen's Fire Insurance Co
Union Mutual Insurance Co
United States Fire Insurance Co
United States Life Insurance Co
Wall St. Fire Insurance Co
Washington Insurance Co _
Waterville Protection Insurance Co
Wayne County Mutual Insurance Co
Westchester County Mutual Insurance Co
Western Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co
Williamsburgh City Fire Insurance Co
Wyoming County Slutual Insurance Co
Location.
Now York
Albany
Now York
New York
New York
Middletown
New York
New York
l'lattsburgh
New York
Oswego
New York
New York
West Bloomfield.
Goshon
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
Brooklyn
Poughkeepsie
New York
New York
New York
Richmond
New York
Ogdensburgh
New York
New York
Schenectady
New York
Ogdensburgh
New York ,
Southold ,
New York ,
New York ,
New York ,
New York
New York ,
New York
New York
Waterville
Newark
New Rochelle....
Batavia.
Williamsburgh...
Warsaw
Date of act, or
of filing arti-
cles of associa-
tion.
April 18
July 29,
May 21,
March 9,
March,
Nov. 29
June 22
Jan. 1
Sept. 18
Feb. 6,
April 26,
Jan. 29,
April 3
March 21
March 15
Jan. 18
AprU 17
Dec. 18
Feb. 1
April 22.
March 30,
March 14,
July 30.
Dec. 17
March 22,
July 10
March 30,
Sept. 12
May 12
July 14
July 23
May 26,
Juno 20!
Nov. 30,
Jan. 7
April 30
May 22
Dec. 20
May 14
March 31
Jan. 26,
Oct. 19
Feb. 11
Feb. 3
April 1
March 14
April 23,
Dec. 13!
Nov. 25,
,1832
,1851
, 1841
, 1830
1851
, 1852
,1850
,1836
,1852
, 1822
, 1832
', 1853
, 1855
,1836
, 1837
,1859
,1851
,1854
,1853
:, 1851
, 1853
,1853
,1850
,1855
,1852
', 1857
, 1836
:, 1853
, 1836
,1853
, 1852
, 1841
,1856
, 1853
,1851
,1836
;, 1841
,1858
,1845
, 1824
, 1850
,1858
,1850
:, 1851
,1853
,1837
,1844
,1852
, 1851
Expiration
of charter.
April 18, 1862
July 29, 1881
Unlimited
Unlimited
March, 1881
Nov. 29, 1882
June 22, 1880
Sept.
Feb.
Jan.
Jan.
April
March
March
Jan.
April
Dec.
Feb.
April
March
March
July
Dec.
March
July
March
Sept.
May
July
July
May
June
Nov.
Jan.
April
May
Dec.
May
April
Jan.
Oct.
Feb.
Feb.
April
March
April
Dec.
Nov.
18. 1882
6, 1862
1, 1877
29. 1883
3, 1885
20, 1876
15, 1877
18, 1889
7, 1881
18. 1884
1, 1883
11, lssl
30, 1883
14, 1SS3
30, 1880
17, 1885
22, 1882
10, 18S7
30, 1876
12, 1883
12, 1876
14, 1883
23, 1882
26, 1891
20, 1886
30, 1883
7, 1881
30, 1876
22, 1S61
20, 1888
14, 1875
1, 1884
26, 18S0
19, 1888
11, 1880
3, 1881
1, 1883
14; 1877
23, 1864
12, 1882
25, 1881
Nature
of risks
allowed.
^2
33)3
S.
f.m.
M.
f.n.
1.
1.
M.
m. n.
M.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
S.
f.
M.
f.n.
S.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
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s.
f. m. n.
M.
f.
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f.
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m. n.
s.
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s.
m. n.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
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s.
f.n.
M.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
M.
f.
s.
f.n.
M.
f.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
M.
f.
S.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.
M.
f.
M.
f. m. n.
S.
f.n.
M.
f.m.
S.
f.
S.
1.
s.
f.n.
s.
f.n.
M.
f.n.
M.
f.n.
M.
f.
M.
f.
s.
f.
M.
f.
Present
capital of
stock
companies.
$200,000
108.800
100,000
200.000
250,000
350,000
150,000
300.000
300,000
200,000
200.000
150.000
150,000
200.000
100,000
150,000
150.000
200,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
200.000
150.000
200,000
150,000
250.000
100.000
200,000
200,000
loo.doo
o Changed from New York Fire Insurance Co. May 10, 1847,
and allowed to take marine risks.
t> Removed from Broadalbin April 15, 1857.
« Changed from Nautilus Insurance Co. April 5, 1S49, and
limited to life risks. First organized April 12, 1845, and allowed
m. n. and f. risks. Capital, $200,000.
d Reorganized July 18, 1852. Originally allowed marine risks.
» Organized Jan. 1834.
/Enjoinder.
o Changed from Schenectady County Mutual Insurance Co.
AprU 7, 1858.
Obsolete Insurance Companies in the State, Jan. 1, 1859.
Name.
iEtna Insurance Co. of Utica
Albany County Mutual Ins. Co
Allegany Mutual Insurance Co
Allegany County Mutual Ins. Co
Alliance Insurance Co
Alliance Mutual Insurance Co
American Fire Ins. Co. of New York-
American Ins. Co. of New York
American Insurance Co. of the City
of New York
American Insurance Co
American Manufacturers' Mutual
Assurance Co
American Mutual Insurance Co
American Mutual Insurance Co
Anchor Insurance Co
Atlantic Insurance Co. of New York..
Location.
Utica.
Albany ....
Angelica..
Angelica..,
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York..
Utica.
New York..,
Amsterdam
New York...
New York..
New York..,
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
it
March 14, 1851
May 3, 1836
April 13,1*57
April —,1857
April 30, 1839
April 10, 1843
April 18, 1825
M.
M.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
June 18, 1812
S.
June 12, 1856
Sept. 6, 1852
March 30, 1S32
April 23,1850
April 1, 1843
AprU 5, 1826
M.
M.
M.
S.
Feb. 27, 1824
S.
Remarks.
f.m.
f.n.
m.
f.
f.m.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1854.
Closed.
Closing business. No receiver.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $300,000, 21 years ; April 20, 1832,
$200,000, 30 years.
Successor to Marine Ins. Co., 15 years,
from May 12 ; cap. $250,000. In 1814,
marine, not exceeding $1,000,000.
Extended to May 12, 1857. Closed
in 1845.
Receiver appointed April, 1S55.
Receiver appointed Dec. 1S54.
Changed from La Fayette Ins. Co. of
the City of New York.
Cap. $500,000. Discon. in 1828; al-
lowed to close up and reorganize
new company.
86
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
Name.
Location.
Atlas Insurance Co. of New York.... j New York..
Atlas Marine Insurance Co New York..
Atlas .Mutual Insurance Co New York..
Auburn Co Auburn ....
Bowery Fire Insurance Co New York.
Broome County Mutual Ins. Co
Brooklyn Firemen's Insurance Co... 'Brooklyn...
Buffalo Firo &- Marine Insurance Co. Buffalo.
Buffalo Mutual Insurance Co | Buffalo.
Building Association Fire Ins. Co New York..
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
Canal Insurance Co.
Canal Ins. Co. of the City of NewYork
Cattaraugus County Mutual Ins. Co.
Cayuga County Mutual Ins. Co....
Chatham Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of New York
Chelsea Insurance Co ,
Chemung County Mutual Ins. Co.
Chenango County Mutual Ins. Co,
Cherry Valley Mutual Ins. Co
Clinton Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of New York
Clinton Insurance Co. in the City of
Albany
Clinton & Flu 1 1 Mutual Ins. Co
Columbia County Mutual Ins. Co
Columbian Fire Insurance Co. of \
the City of New York J
Columbian Insurance Co
Columbian Insurance Co
Commercial Insurance Co
Now York..
Commercial Insurance Co.,
Cortland County Mutual Ins. Co..
Croton Insurance Co
Croton Mutual Insurance Co
Dunkirk Marine Insurance Co_...
Dutchess County Insurance Co....
Eighth Ward Fire Insurance Co..
Eighth Ward Mutual Insurance Co..
Emmet Fire Insurance Co
Empire State Mutual Insurance Co..
Enterprise Insurance Co
Farmers" Fire Ins. & Loan Co
Farmers' Ins. Co. of Oneida County..
Farmers and M-rchanta' Ins. )
Co. of Western New Tori f
Farm- rs' Mutual In-tirance Co. of
Sherburne
Fifth Ward Fir^ Insurance Co. of 1
Qm «'ity .if New Y'..rk /
firemen's Insurance Co. of the i
fity of Albany /
Finno n's Insurance Co
Franklin Fire Insurance Co.
Franklin Firo Tnsnranco Co. in tho
t Raw York
Franklin tin In- ( trf [Jen fork
Franklin Marino k Fir.' Insurance
Y'.rk
Fulton Kiro Insurance Co. in the
| Nrw Y'.rk
Kiro Insurance Co
fionoral Mutual ln«urnncoCo
fJ(D<T in '111' I 1 I'
tiirarl Kir- [nanrance Co. of tho
W York
Globe Fire Insurance Co
Now York....
Ellicottville.
Aurora
New York.,
New York..
Cherry Valley..
NewYork
Albany
Kceseville..
Hudson
New York.,
New York....
Amsterdam
New York...,
April 8, 1825
April 14. 1836
April 10,1843
March 14. 1826
April 24,1833
April 10,1837
May 25, 1836
April 1, 1830
March 17, 1837
May 3, 1S52
March 14, 1S25
May 25. 1836
May 17, 1837
March 20, 183'
April
April
April
May
April
16, 1822
20. 1 S.'V.l
2, 1838
3, 1838
12, 1842
New York.,
Cortlandville....
New York
Now Y"ork
Dunkirk
Poughkcepsie...
New York
April 26,1831
May 4, 1829
May 12, 1836
May 12, 1836
May 25, 1836
March 21, 1801
June 4, 1851
April 4, 1805
April 12,1842
May
April
April
May
April
April
12, 1S36
10, 1849
10, 1843
9, 1S37
15, 1814
25, 1836
NewYork April 30,1836
New York ipril 6, 1839
Saratoga Springs Dec. 8, 1849
New York Aug. — , 1855
New York Feb. 28, 1822
Utica
Rochester
Sherburne ...
New York....
Albany ...
Brooklyn .
New York.,
June 26, 1851
Oct. 29, 1850
May 13, 1845
April 13, 1836
April 3, 1831
April 29,1833
March 13, 1818
New York kprfl
i Borings Man b
2,1819
6, 1851
Saratoga Springs April 12, 1852
Globe Insurance Co.,
Globe Insuranco Co....
QranlU Insurance Co.
\. 'w Y'.rk \|.ril
New Y.ok May
New Y.irk May
May
Now Y.rk.
New Y"..rk.
New York.
March
May
2. D-10
It. 1st' I
25, 1«41
3,1836
I. 1880
2,1837
Mar.-h is, 1M1
Greene County Mutual Tnsnranco Co
Greenwich Fire Insurance Oo New York.
in ; Ins. Co. of New fork NewYork.
Guardian Insurance 0b New York.
Hamilton Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of Now York 'New York.
Utica Juno
NewYork Oct 21,1852
OtUkSB March 30,1836
Mar, b 81, I--'
April 26, 1862
April 24,1833
April 25,1836
11
lis
s.
8.
M.
S.
8.
M.
S.
s.
M.
S.
s.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
M.
M.
S.
s.
"s."
s.
M.
M.
M.
S.
S.
s.
M.
g.
M.
M.
S.
s.
s.
s.
M.
B.
8.
M.
M.
B,
s.
M.
M.
ML
8.
8.
8.
8.
m.
m.
m.
f. n.
f.
f.
f. m. n.
f. n.
{'•
f. 1. m.
f. 1. n.
f. m. n.
f. m. n.
m.
f. 1. ann.
f. in. n.
f. n.
m.
f.
Remarks.
Cap. $300,000.
Cap. $350,000. Revived April 14, 1838.
Cap. $150,000.
Cap. $300,000.
Cap. $150,000. Successor to Firemen's
Insurance Co.
Cap. $100,000.
Changed March 8, 1853, to Hamilton
Fire Insurance Co.
Cap. $300,000. Revived April 21, 1S28,
cap. $150,000.
Cap. $300,000.
Closed business in 1853.
Cap. $400,000.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $300,000 ; time extended 1832-33.
Cap. $300,000.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1854.
Cap. $300,000. Revived April 5, 1839,
cap. £250,000.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1853.
Cap. $250,000. Extended 21 years
April 3, 1811.
Changed June 16, 1S53, to Commercial
Mutual Insurance Co.
Closed about 1852.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $200,000.
Original cap. $300,000. Changed to
Trust Fire Ins. Co. April 25, 1839
Cap. $250,000.
Receiver appointed June 1855.
Enjoined Dec. 2S, 1855; injunction re-
moved Jan. 31, 1856. Closing.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Nov. 1854.
Changed to Rochester Insurance Co.
March 20, 1S52.
Receiver appointed.
Cap. $500,0i)(i; reduced to $200,000
April 21. 1837.
Cap. $150,000. M. risks allowed April
20,1832. To expire June, 1S61.
Cap. $150,000. Changed to Brooklyn
Firemen's Ins. Co. May 25, 1S36.
Cap. $5(1(1,000. Reduced one-half, 1828.
Continued in 1835 to '56. Reduced
by the great firo of 1835.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed June, 1S55.
Rcceivor appointed Sept. 1854.
Cap. $500,000.
Cap. $250,000.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1851.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $500,000. Company of like name
incorp. July 24, 1851, cap. $200,000.
Cap. $1,000,000. Reduced one-half
March 17. ls.'lfi.
Receiver appointed August, 1855.
Removed from Utica April, 1859. Re-
ceiver appointed Fob. 1856.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $300,000.
Cap. $500,000.
CORPORATIONS.
87
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
Name.
Hamilton Marino Insurance Co..
Harmony Fire Insurance Co
Harmony Fire & Marine Ins. Co.
Henry Clay Fire Insurance Co
Herkimer County Mutual Ins. Co...
Hope Insurance Co
Householders' Mutual Insurance Co.
Howard Life Insurance Co..
Hudson Fire Insurance Co..
Hudson Insurance Co
Hudson Insurance Co. of the City of
New York
Hudson Kiver Marine & Fire Ins. Co.
Hudson River Mutual Insurance )
Co. at Waterford J
Indemnity Fire Insurance Co. of the
City of New York
Insurance Company of Firemen
International Insurance Co
Jackson Marine Ins. Co. of the City \
of New York J
Jefferson County Mutual Ins. Co
Kings County Mutual Insurance Co.
Knickerbocker Insurance Co
La Fayette Ins. Co. of the City of)
New York J
Lewis County Mutual Insurance Co.
Long Island Farmers' Ins. Co. in the
Co. of Queens
Long Island Mutual Insurance Co...
Madison Co. Mutual Ins. Co
Madison Marine Ins. Co. of the City
of New York
Marine Insurance Co. of New York..
Mechanics' Fire Ins. Co. of the City 1
of New York J
Merchants' Fire Insurance Co
Merchants' Mutual Ins. Co. of Buffalo
Merchants k Householders'Mutual 1
Ins. Co J
Merchants' Ins. Co. in the City of
Albany
Merchants' Insurance Co
Merchants' Marine Insurance Co
Merchants' Mutual Insurance Co
Metropolis Ins. Co. of the City of )
New York J
Metropolis Insurance Co
Metropolitan Insurance Co
Mohawk Insurance Co. of New York
Mohawk Valley Farmers' Ins. Co....
Mohawk Valley Insurance Co
Monroe Fire Insurance Co
Mutual Assurance Co. of New York.
Mutual Insurance Co. of Buffalo
Mutual Protection Insurance Co
Mutual Protection Ins. Co. of Roches
ter
Mutual Safety Insurance Co
National Exchange Insurance Co....
National Insurance Co
National Insurance Co
National Protection Insurance Co....
Nautilus Insurance Co
New York Central Insurance Co
New York City Insurance Co
New York City Insurance Co
New York Ccmtributionship Ins. Co."
Location.
New York-
New York..
New York.,
Now York...
Little Falls..
New York...
New York..
New York..
Now York..
New York-
New York-
Crescent....
Waterford. .
New York-
New York-
New York.
Watertown ,
Brooklyn ....
Waterford ..
New York.
Hempstead
Brooklyn ...
Cazenovia ..
New York-
New York-
New York-
New York-
Buffalo
New York.
Albany .....
Buffalo
New York-
New York-
New York-
New York....
New York...,
New York...,
Scotia
Amsterdam
Rochester....
New York....
Buffalo
New York.
Rochester
New York
New York
New York
New York
Saratoga Springs.
New York
Cherry Valley-
New York
New York
New York
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
April 4, 1838
Dec. 29, 1855
April 28, 1836
Jan. 20, 1821
May 25, 1841
June 29, 1852
April 6, 1838
April 4, 1811
April
Juno
8, 1825
1, 1852
Aug. 8, 1850
April
May
April
13, 1836
2, 1810
11, 1855
April 23, 1831
March 8,1836
April 15, 1S44
May 15, 1852
April 8, 1825
Feb. 27, 1837
April 29,1833
April 30, 1S36
March 23, 1836
April 8, 1825
March 16, 1802
April 7, 1819
April
Feb.
2, 1819
4, 1850
April 17,1843
April
Feb.
April
April
7, 1824
4, 1851
26, 1836
10, 1843
Jan. 29, 1S53
April
Oct.
April
June
June
March
March
29, 1839
2, 1851
3. 1824
27, 1851
6, 1851
9, 1825
23, 1798
April 18, 1843
May 25, 1841
May
April
May,
April
April
Feb.
7, 1844
17, 1838
1855
14, 1S15
9, 1838
22. 1851
Jan. 16, 1851
Nov. 13, 1852
March 22, 1825
April 5, 1824
it
II
S.
s.
M.
s.
M.
S.
s.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
s.
M.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
M.
M.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
S.
s.
s.
M.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
S.
s.
Remarks.
f. m. Cap. $250000.
f. Changed to Harmony Fire & Marine
Insurance Co. April 17, 1858.
f. m. n. Changed from Harmony Fire Insu-
rance Co. April 17, 185*.
Receiver appointed Dee. 1855.
Receiver appointed 1853.
Changed from New York Firemen's
insurance Co. Cap. $300,000.
f. (Pictures, furniture. <tc.) Repealed April 17,
1843. Changed to Merchants &
Householders' Mutual Ins. Co.
1. Discontinued issuing policies 1856 or
'57. See Comp. Rep. 1859, p. 53.
Cap. $200,000. Reduced to $150,000
April 17, 1843.
Cap. $200,000.
r. ii
f.
m.
f. m.
f. m.
{
f. I.
f. m. n.
f. m.
f. m. n.
f. m. n.
f. m. n.
f. n.
f. m.
1. m. n.
f. n.
Cap. $300,000.
Receiver appointed Aug. 1854.
Business transferred to Hudson River
Marine & Fire Insurance Co.
Cap. $500,000.
Changed from Kings County Mutuai
Ins. Co.
Cap. $400,000. Reduced to $300,000
April 24, 1840. Reduced to $200,000
and fire risks allowed.
Changed to International Ins. Co.
April 11, 1845.
Receiver appointed July, 1855.
Cap. $300,000. Changed to Anchor
Ins. Co. of the City of New York,
April 8, 1826.
Took but one insurance. Never fully
organized.
Cap. $50,000. Revived May 2, 1835.
Closed under act of Jan. 25, 1S54.
Cap. $300,000.
Cap. $250,000. Closed up under act of
June 18, 1S12, by the American Ins.
Co. of New York having become in
solvent.
Original cap. $500,000. Reduced to
$300,000 Jan. 12, 1828.
Cap. $300,000. Reduced to $250,000.
Made assignment and diss. Jan. 1852,
Changed from Householders' Mutual
Ins. Co.
Cap. $250,000.
Closed.
Cap. $400,000.
Changed to Ocean Ins. Co. of tho City
of New York April 3, 1855.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $500,000. Never organized.
Cap. $500,000.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1854.
Receiver appointed Jan. 1855.
Cap. $250,000. Revived April 17, 1826.
Renewed 1808 as Mutual Ins. Co. of
New York. Cap. $350,000. To con-
tinue till repealed. Changed to
Knickerbocker Fire Ins. Co. of New
York May 12, 1846.
Cap. $200,000.
Extended April 12, 1843.
Receiver appointed Sept. 1855.
Original cap. $100,000.
Cap. $150,000.
Receiver appointed Aug. 1S55.
April 5, 1849, changed to New York
Life Ins. Co. and limited to life risks.
Closing up. No new policies issued.
Receiver appointed Sept. 1S55.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $300,000. Similar act May 6, 1844.
o The New York Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses & Property from Loss by Fire, incorp. April 5, 1822. Changed
to above.
88
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
Name.
v V rk Fire Ins. Co. of the City \
of New York J
New York Protection Insurance Co-
New York State Mutual Ins. Co...
New York Onion Mutual Ins. Co-
New York Firemen Insurance Co-
New York Guardian Insurance Co-
New York Insurance Co
New York La Fayette Ins. Co
New York Marine Insurance Co....
New York Mechanics' Life Ins. 41
Coal Co J
New York Mutual Insurance Co
New Y"ork Northern Fire Ins. Co...
New York State Marine Ins. Co
New York Union Mutual Ins. Co
Neptune Ins. Co. of the Citv of New )
York /
Neptune Bell Marine Ins. Co. of)
New Y'^rk /
Niagara County Mutual Ins. Co
North American Fire Insurance Co..
Location.
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
New York
Rome July 23, 1849
Newark Oct. 31, 1849
Johnstown Mav 9,1850
New York March 2, 1810
New York April 6, 1838
New York April 2.1798
New York April 14,1825
New York iApril 2,1798
New York 'Feb. 28,1822
New York March 28. 1809
May 4,1829
New York..
Johnstown-
New York..
April 8, 1825
May 9, 1850
April 11,1825
New York 'April 22,1831
Lockport ..
New York.
North American Insurance Co New York
North American Mutu;il Ins. Co Brasher F alls-
Northern New Y"rk Live Stock Ins.C" I Latteburgh ....
Northern New York Mutual Ins. Co. Pittsburgh....
Northern Protection Insurance Co... [Camden
Ocean Insurance Co New York
Co..
Oneida County Mutual Ins.
Oneida Insurance Co
Like Mutual Insurance Co...
Onondaga County Mutual Ins. Co
Ontario Insurance Co.-
Orange Fire Insurance Co
Orleans Insurance Co
Oswego County Mutual Ins. Co
Pacific Insurance Co. of New York...
Palladium Fire Insurance Co
Utica
Ctica
Cleveland
Baldwinsville.
Geneva
Newburgh .-..
Albion
Mexjco
New York
New York
Pelican Mutual Insurance Co Now York..
Phcenix Insurance Co. of New York New York..
Phoenix Fire Insurance Co New York..
People's Ins.C". of the State ofN.T. Kingston.
Poagbkecprie in-uranceCo Ponghkeepaie-.
re Insurance Co New York
Reno-. Insurance of the
City ..f New York New York
..icrCounty Mutual Ins. Co.... Lansingburgh
Reiwlvr Insurance Co Lansingburgh
Rensselaer ft Saratoga Ins. Co." Troy
Rochester Insurance Co Rochester
8aratOKaConntyMiitu.ll Fin- Ins. Oo. Saratoga Springs
Schenectady 4 Saratoga Ins.
Co..
Scbeoectady County Mutual
Balem.,
Schenectady..
:] Insurance Co -
vie County Mutual In«. OobleskilL..
Sea Insurance Co New fork..
I <"*. .iinty Mutual ln« (
. w ird Hn Insurance Co...
, War.] Sire In-. I
D County Mutual In« i
Steuben Farmers ft Merchants' In-
surance Co
Susquehanna Fire Insurance Co.*
Syracuse Insurance Co
Tioga County Mutual Insurance Co.
rloo-..
N<-w York..
York..
April 13,1837
April 8, 1836
April
Mav
July
Sept.
Nov.
March
April
March
March
April
March
April
June
April
April
April
13, 1826
26. 1851
8, 1851
17. 1852
14, 1851
2, 1810
28. 1836
23, 1832
8. 1853
13, 1836
21. 1826
7, 1819
1. 1850
28, 1836
14; 1815
20, 1832
April 10,1843
Feb. 20, 1807
March 29, 1823
Mav 14. 1851
April 8. 1825
April 7, 1824
March 31, 1836
April 29,1836
April 15,1852
April 15,1819
March 20, 1852
May 5, 1«34
July, 1852
May 6, 1834
May 26, 1841
April 22,1831
Dec. 3,1850
May .1, ]s::4
April 12,1839
April 29, 1889
April 9,1838
March 29, 1837
6 3
Rath Sept. 20,1851
Albany Aug. 1854
Pynvnv* .
1 '«■ go
April
April
1. 1-..:
M.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
M.
S.
M.
M.
S.
S.
"$L
S.
a.
a.
s.
M.
8.
S.
M.
"s"'
M.
M.
S.
M.
S.
8.
S.
M.
Eemarks.
f. n.
{'■
Changed May 10, 1847, to New York
Fire & Marine Ins. Co.
Made assignment Jan. 1852, and closed
up.
Receiver appointed.
Receiver appointed Julv, 1855.
Cap. $500,000. Closed by losses 1818
and reorganized. Changed to Hope
Ins. Co. Jan. 26, 1821.
Cap. $300,000.
Expired 1820. Extended to Jan. 1860.
Cap. $200,000.
Cap. $500,000.
Cap. $600,000. Changed April 15, 1823,
to Life & Fire Ins. Co.
Changed from Sun Fire Ins. Co. Cap.
$240,000.
Cap. $400,000. Revived April 25, 1831.
Cap. $300,000.
Cap. $250,000. Changed to Neptune
Bell Mutual Ins. Co. of New York,
April 22, 1831.
Changed from Neptune Ins. Co. Cap.
$250,000. Revived April, 1832.
Cap. $250,000. Changed from Phoenix
Fire Ins. Co. Allowed to take inland
navigation risks May 7, 1845.
Cap. $300,000.
Receiver appointed June, 1855.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1854.
Cap. $500,000. Extended to Jan. 1860.
Capital reduced to $350,000.
Closed.
Cap. $250,000.
Closed.
Closing up.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $400,000.
Receiver appointed March, 1S52.
Cap. $500,000.
Cap. $300,000. Reincorporated May
3, 1839. Cap. $250,000.
f. 1. m. n. Cap. $500,000.
Original cap. $250,000. Changed to
North America Fire Insurance Co.
April 8, 1836.
Receiver appointed March, 1854.
Cap. $100,000.
m. n.
f. n.
f. n.
f. n.
f. 1. 1
f.
f.
f.
f. n.
m. n.
f.
f.
f. n.
Cap. $300,000.
Reorganized Oct n. 1851. Receiver
appointed Feb. 1S55.
Cap. $50,000.
Cap. originally. $500,000. Closed up.
Changed from Fanners & Merchants'
In-uranco Co. of Western N. Y. #
Receiver appointed Jan. 1857.
Cap. $100,000. Stopped issuing poli-
ci .-.« by art May 25. 1S41.
Changi-d l>v dropping "Countv Mu-
tual" April 7, 1858. Extended 30
years.
Revived May 0. 1836.
]:■ • i v 1 r appointed.
Cap. $250,000. Time for final divi-
dend extended 1840 to Juno 28, 1841.
Cap. $250,000.
Cup. 1200,000. Cbanpe,] to National
Fire Insurance Co. May 24, 184L
Receiver appointed Nov. 1856.
Changed from Cooperstown Feb. 1855.
Receiver appointed.
Cap. $100,000.
• Capital reduced from $199,880.90 to $87 ,536.45 by the great Trov fire of 1<<20. Life insurance taken away in 1831.
to close up by act of April 18, 1843. » See Comptroller's Report, 1858, p. 45.
Directed
CORPORATIONS.
89
Class III. includes those whose certificates are filed in the Banking Department.
"An Act to authorize the Itiusiness or Banking" was
passed April 18, 1838, and was modified April 12, 1851, upon
the creation of a Bank Department. Reports previously
made to the Comptroller are now made to this Department. In
1853 the articles of association previously filed in the Secre-
tary's office were transferred to this department. 1
Individuals or copartners may obtain bills from the depart-
ment for circulation as individual bankers, and are liable to
the full extent of their property for the redemption of the
notes and the payment of the debts of such private banks.
The name of individual banks must now be that of their
owners ; and the privilege cannot be sold, or the bills be signed by an agent. It may, however, be
Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued.
Name.
Tompkins County Mutual Ins. Co....
Traders' Ins. Co. in the City of N. Y.
Tradesmen's Insurance Co. in the
City of New York
Triton Insurance Co
Tontine Fire Insurance Co..
Troy Insurance Co
Troy Mutual Safety Insurance Co....
Trust Fire Insurance Co
Tempest Insurance Co
Trust Fire Insurance Co .
Unadilla Mutual Insurance Co
Union Fire Insurance Co. of the City
of New York
Union Insurance Co
Union Mutual InB. Co. at Fort Plain
United Insurance Co
United Ins. Co. in the City of N. Y...
United States Insurance Co. of the 1
City of New York .J
United States Mutual Insurance Co.
United States Insurance Co
Utica Insurance Co
Utica Live Stock Insurance Co
Washington County Mutual Ins. Co
Washington Insurance Co
Washington County Insurance Co...
Washington Marine Insurance Co. 1
of the City of New York /
Washington Mutual Assurance Co
of the City of New York
Washington Mutual Insurance Co..,
Wayne County Mutual Ins. Co ,
Webster Fire Insurance Co
Western Fire Insurance Co
Western Insurance Co. of Olean
Western Insurance Co. of the village
of Buffalo
Western New York Agricultural
Live Stock Insurance Co.
Williamsburgh Fire Insurance Co....
Yates County Mutual Insurance Co..
Location.
Ithaca
New York..
New York..
New York..
New York..
Troy
Troy
New York.,
Meridian...,
New York.,
Unadilla....
New York..
New York..
Fort Plain .
New York..
New York..
New York-
West Potsdam...
Saratoga Springs
Utica
Date of act of
incorporation
or of filing
articles.
2§ !a
Utica
Granville.
New York.,
New York..
New York..
New York..
New York ,
Canandaigua.
Olean ,
Buffalo
Cleveland, Oswe-
go co
Williamsburgh..
April 25, 1840
March 9,1825
March 14, 1825
April 4, 1838
May, 1855
April 5, 1831
May 7, 1844
April 25,1830
Jan. 29, 1853
April 25,1839
May 12, 1836
April 24,1833
March 18, 1818
May 21, 1850
May 14, 1840
March 10, 179S
March 31, 1837
Nov. 8, 1850
Feb. 22, 1851
March 29, 1816
April 12,1852
AprU 22,1837
April 29,1839
AprU 24,1832
AprU 27,1833
March 30, 1802
AprU 11,1842
May 12, 1836
March, 1855
AprU 3, 1824
Jan. 22, 1853
April 7, 1817
April 15,1852
AprU 17, 1843
March 9, 1837
M.
S.
s.
s.
s.
M.
s.
s.
M.
s.
S.
s.
M.
M.
M.
S.
s.
s.
s.
M.
s.
M.
Remarks.
f. n.
f. n.
f. m. n.
f. m. n.
f. n.
f.
Cap. $250,000.
Cap. $200,000.
Cap. $250,000. Beduced to $150,000
May 26, 1841.
Receiver appointed Oct. 1856.
Cap. $200,000. Directed to close up by
act of AprU 21, 1840.
Cap. $150,000.
A committee appointed in 1855 could
not find the books or Secretary of
this Co.
Changed from Eighth Ward Fire Ins.
Co. Cap. may increase $200,000.
f. Cap. $400,000.
1. ann. Cap. $500,000. In 1837 extended to
Jan. 1, 1862.
Changed to Union Insurance Co. July
8, 1851.
m. n. Cap. $500,000.
f. 1. m. Cap. $500,000. Twice extended.
■j Cap. $1,000,000. Fire risks allowed
J™* May 5, 1840.
Receiver appointed Feb. 1855.
Receiver appointed Feb. 1859.
f. m. n. Receiver to be appointed by act of
May 26, 1841.
(insured Uve Btock.) Cap. $25,000.
Reorganized Dec. 13, 1849. Receiver
appointed Sept. 1856.
Cap. $250,000.
f. Cap. $50,000.
ICap. $300,000. Reduced to $100,000,
1833, and changed to Marine Mutual
Fire Insurance Co. Allowed to take
fire risks AprU 27 1833.
Referee appointed Sept. 1855.
f Cap. $250,000.
Receiver appointed Dec. 1855.
f. m. n. Cap. not over $400,000.
1 The first bank organized in the State was the Bank of New
York, which had existed several years previously as a private
partnership. In many of the earlier banks the State reserved
the right of subscribing stock, and of appointing directors to
represent their interest in proportion to the amount held. Bank-
ing powers could only be enjoyed by special act of the Legisla-
ture, and were commonly limited to a period of 30 years. In
1838 a general law was enacted, allowing the organization of as-
sociations for banking, upon depositing the requisite securities
with the Comptroller and filing articles of association in the
Secretary's Office. Up to the date of the general law, 106 banks
had been created,— of which 31 are stiU in existence, 36 have
reorganized, and 39 have failed, closed, or changed their names.
The Manhattan Co., created " for supplying the city of New
York with pure and wholesome water," and the New York Dry
Dock Co. possess perpetual banking powers. Other corporations
for manufacturing or commercial purposes were allowed like
privileges for limited periods, all of which have expired. In
1829 a "safety fund" was created, by requiring an annual con-
tribution of i per cent, of its capital paid in from each bank
formed or extended after that time, until each had paid 3 per
cent. This fund was placed in charge of the Comptroller, and
applied to the redemption of the bUls of insolvent banks con-
tributing to this fund, after their other means had been ex-
90
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
bequeathed. All banks, excepting those in New York, Brooklyn, Albany, and Troy, must have
an agency in New York, Albany, or Troy, for the redemption of their bills within one-fourth of
one per cent, of par.
hausted. The bank fund has long since been exhansted, the
draft upon it far exceeding the income. In 1S48, 11 insolvent
banks, that hal contributed but $S6,2S2 to this fund, had drawn
from it $2,577,927. — Comptroller's Report, 1843, p. 55.
The same law provided for the appointment of 3 Bank Com-
missioners, who were required to visit the banks thrice annually,
to ascertain their condition, take measures to secure the public
against fraud or loss, and report annually to tho Legislature.
This office was abolished April 18, 1S43, and the Comptroller
was invested with general powers relating to banks, from which
he was relieved by the creation of a special Bank Department in
1851. This department is under a superintendent appointed by
the Governor and Senate for 3 years. It has the custody of all
plates for printing bank bills ; registers, numbers, and issues to
banks such bills as their charters and securities entitle them
to; destroys tho same when withdrawn from circulation; and
destroys the plates when tho bank is closed. It appoints special
agents for examining the condition of doubtful banks, directs
prosecutions in behalf of the State, sells the securities of broken
banks to redeem their circulation, and reports the condition of
banks to the Legislature annually. Banks can only obtain bills
for circulation by depositing New York State or United States
stocks bearing interest equivalent to 6 per cent., or bonds and
mortgages of not over $5,000 each upon unincumbered improved
lands at two-fifths value, exclusive of buildings, and bearing 7 per
cent, interest. Closing banks, after culling in 90 per cent, of their
cireulation, may withdraw their stocks or mortgages, and substi-
tute cash for tho redemption of the remaining 10 per cent, of
c irculation. Stockholders of banking associations are personally
liable to an extent equal to their capital stock. Experience has
shown that under our free bank system, bonds and mortgages
have realized but about 88 per cent, on tho sum for which notes
were issued, while the aggregate securities, including stocks,
have almost always sold for more than enough to redeem the
circulation based upon them. — Report, 1859, p. 8.
Bank A'otc Engraving is now done by a company, formed in
1858 by the union of most of the establishments previously ex-
isting.
The Bank of the United States had branches for discount and
deposit at New York, Utica, and Buffalo, in this State.
Specie payment has been generally suspended three times by
the banks of New York State. In the fall of 1814 all the banks
of the Union, except those of New England, suspended until the
spring of 1S17. In May, 1837, there was a second suspension,
which continued until the spring of 1838. On the 13th of Oct.
1S57, a third suspension took place in all the banks of New
York City, with one exception, (Chemical Bank.) and this was
soon followed by the banks of the State generally ; but specie
payment was resumed in about 60 days.
The following tables, derived from returns in the Bank De-
partment, are corrected up to Jan. 1, 1859. The amount of
capital is reported for Dec. 18, 1858 :
Existing Banks in the State, Jan. 1, 1859.
Corporate Name.
Addison Bank
Albany City Bank
Albany Exchange Bank
American Kxchange Bank..
Artisans' Bank"
Atlantic Bank
Atlantic Bank of the City
of New York
Auburn City Bank
Auburn Kxchango Bank....
Ballst..n ~pi i!nnk„
Bank of Albany 6 .-
Bank of Albion
Bank of America'
Bank of Attica
Bank of Auburn''
Bank of Bath
Bank of Bioghamton
Bank of Oanandalgua
Bank of the Capitol
Bank • I i Lake*
Bank
Bank of Central New York
Bank of Chemung
Bank of Chenango/
Bonk ofCohoea
Bank of Commerce in New
Vork
Bank of Commerce of l'ut-
mun County
Bank town
Bank oftheComm ion
Bank of Owning
Bank
Bank of Danerflle
Bank ill"
Bank of Fisl.Kill
Bank of R r< Edward
Bank of Genesee*
Location.
Addison ,
Albany
Albany
New York
New York
Brooklyn ,
New York
Auburn
Auburn
Ballston Spa,
Albany ,
Albion
New York
Buffalo
Auburn ,
ISath
Bingham ton.,
Canandaigua
Albany ,
Fainted Post,
Cazcnovia
Utica,
F.lmira
Norwich
Cuhocs
Now York
Carmel
Oooperatown
New York
Corning ,
Coxsarkl- ...,
Damnrllle
PiibkUl
Fort Kdward
B tfei in
^S-5
■ggs
I.
c.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
Dates
Of filing arti-
cles.
Dec. 12, 1838
Oct. 1, 1S38
Aug. 22, 1856
May
duly
Feb.
Jan.
Dec.
July
Dec.
April
Jan.
27, 1S53
6, 1853
16, 1856
31, 1839
15, 1854
16, 1839
30, 1852
24, 1850
2, 1850
Nov. 17, 1S52
Jan.
Feb.
Sept.
Dec.
Dec.
March
:;, iv,:;
1S47
2<i. ls:,r,
17. ls:;s
11, 1852
28, 1866
18, 1859
Feb. 15, 1839
Feb. 1, 1853
March 22, 1868
Jan. 17. I-/..
March 14, 1868
Juno 10, 1839
]'.!. IV, I
28, I860
.'',. 1851
22, 1861
Of beginning
business or of
act of incorpo-
ration.
May
April
Jan.
Sept.
July
17, 1S56
30, 1834
1, 1839
14, 1838
10, 1S56
March 10, 183C
July
July
Feb.
Dec.
Dec.
July
Dec.
March
Dec.
April
July
April
Feb.
Sept
Feb.
Sept.
Jan.
Dec.
2, 1853
25, 1853
1, 1856
10, 1S38
30, lSr.4
15, 1S39
1, 1852
1, 1S50
31, 1849
11, IV, I
29, 1852
4. 1854
1, iv,:;
1M7
21, IVin
8,1838
1, 1S53
31, 1855
Jan. 1, 1839
Jan.
F.b.
Oct.
I lee.
April,
Jan.
March
Jan.
March
Juno
Jan.
Juno
Oct,
Deo,
1853
1. iv,:;
1, 1868
12, 1839
4. 1868
10, 1889
B, 1864
1, 1860
1. 1861
i : .,
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
July
Jan.
July
July
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1864
1, 2500
14, 1938
1, 1956
1, 1866
2, 1953
5, 1953
1, 1956
10, 193S
1, 1904
2, 2o3'.i
1. 1953
1. 2 i
1, 1950
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1. l'.HKI
15, 1889
1, 1S93
1, 1956
Jan. 1, 18S9
Jan. 1,1953
March 1. 1968
Jan. 12, 1939
1, 1900
10, 1G39
!l. l'.ir.l
31, 1S99
In year 1951
i Dec. 31, 1951
Jan.
June
Jan.
I lee.
5 'fl
500
100
500
600
500
400
200
150
100
360
100
2.0UO
160
200
150
150
120
100
100
120
5,000
150
750
117
120
100
110
120
mo
100 i
Present
capital.
$ 50,000
500,000
311,100
4,999,550
OOII.OHO
500,000
400,000
2iin,n00
20(1.(100
125,000
500.340
100,000
3, .ooo
250,000
200,000
50,000
200.000
20,000
619,600
10,000
120,000
110,200
5(1,000
150,000
8,851,760
63,012
2oii,iiiiu
T.'.o. I
7S.5II0
142,000
150,250
115,400
150,000
200.000
150.000
t3-§
"§52
•S |
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S.
s.
S.
S.
S. E.
s.
S. E.
s.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
B.
E.
B.
E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
• Articles amend, 1 May 11.1 *57.
» Hnt incorp. April 10, 1792; cap. $40,000; allowed to reduce
two-fifths April 4. 1S20. and share* reduced from : l " to $30
April 17, 1S30; twice extended; expired Jan. 1, ls.'.a; Stat
debt to gnbecrlhe »b«-k at flrot.
• First incorp. June 2. 1812; cap. $0,000,000. and late United
Stated Bank altowi I to take flm ililln of the stock ; reduced to
■4,000,000 March 20, 1813; once extended.
<* First Incorp. March 31, 1817 ; cap. $400,000; once extended ;
expired Jan. l, 1850.
< Started at Ithaca,
/First Incorp, April 21, 1818; cap. $200,000; once extended;
expired Jan. 1. 1850.
' First incorp. April 29, 1829; cap. $100,000; expired Jan. 1,
1862.
CORPORATIONS.
Existing Banks, continued.
91
Corporate Name.
Bank of Geneva"
Bank of Havana
Hank of the Interior
Bank of Kent
Bank of Kinderhook
Bank of Lansingburgh&
Bank of Lima
Bank of Lowville
Bank of Malone
Bank of Newark
Bank of Newburgh"
Bank of Newport
Bank of New York rf
Bank of North America 6 ...
Bank of Norwich
Bank of Old Saratoga/.
Bank of Orange County!?....
Bank of Owego
Bank of Pawling
Bank of Port Jervis
Bank of Poughkeepsie/
Bank of the Republic
Bank of Khinebeck
Bank of Rome
Bank of Rondout
Bank of Salem
Bank of Salina
Bank of Saratoga Springs*.
Bank of Seneca Falls
Bank of Silver Creek.
Bank of Sing Sing
Bank of the State of New
York
Bank of Syracuse
Bank of Tioga
Bank of Troy*
Bank of Ulster
Bank of UticaJ
Bank of Vernon
Bank of Watertown
Bank of Waterville
Bank of Westfield
Bank of West Trov
Bank of Whitehall*
Bank of Whitestown
Bank of Yonkers
Black River Bank
Briggs Bank of Clyde
Broadway Bank
Brockport Exchange Bank..
Brooklyn Bank
Broome County Bank'
Buffalo City Bank :
Bull's Head Bank of the
City of New York
Burnet Bank
Butchers & Drovers' Bank
in the City of New York" 1
Cambridge Valley Bank at
North White Creek
Canajoharie Bank
Canastota Bank
Cataract Bank
Catskill Bank™
Cayuga County Bank
Location.
■§! i
f 8?
Q-<«
Geneva
Havana
Albany
Ludingtonville...
Kinderhook
Lansingburgh....
Lima
Lowville
Malone
Newark
Newburgh
Newport
New York
New York
Norwich
Schuylerville
Goshen
Owego
Pawling
Port Jervis
Poughkeepsie
New York
Rhinebeck
Rome
Rondout
Salem
Syracuse
Saratoga Springs
Seneca Falls
Silver Creek
Sing Sing
New York
Syracuse
Owego
Troy
Ulster Village
Utica ;....
Vernon
Watertown
Waterville
Westfield
West Troy
Whitehall
Whitesboro
Yonkers
Watertown
Clyde
New York
Brockport
Brooklyn
Bingham ton
Buffalo
New York
Syracuse
New York
White Creek
Canajoharie
Canastota
Lockport.
Catskill
Auburn
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
"c.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
A.
I.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
I.
C.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
Dates
Of filing arti-
cles.
Nov. 20, 1852
Juno
March
Dec.
Juno
Dec.
Aug.
April
Dec.
April
Dec.
April
Feb.
Jan.
4, 1857
15, 1856
19, 1838
22, 1855
26,1838
18, 1851
6, 1854
17, 1850
2, 1S58
21, 1852
11, 1851
21, 1S56
23, 1858
April
Feb.
Dec.
Jan.
June
4, 1849
4, 1853
31, 1S57
25, 1850
1, 1853
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Oct.
May
5, 1848
17, 1853
May
11, 1852
Oct.
July
25, 1839
13, 1853
Sept.
June
Nov.
June
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Dec.
26, 1838
20, 1856
6, 1852
17, 1852
18, 1849
14, 1S39
26, 1839
10, 1S38
April
June
Fob.
June
June
26, 1852
14, 1859
28, 1839
26, 1854
16, 1851
Aug. 15, 1849
Dec.
Feb.
17, 1854
22, 1853
July 18, 1854
Dec. 16, 1852
June
Nov.
Feb.
Sept.
Dec.
20, 1855
30. 1855
28. 1856
16, 1858
28, 1852
Nov.
April
Juno
Feb.
Dec.
Juno
Feb.
Dec.
Aug.
April
Jan.
March
Dec.
April
July
Jan.
April
May
Sept.
March
Dec.
Feb.
June
April
Sept.
May
April
May
May,
Oct.
Aug.
May
Sept.
June
Dec.
July
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Oct.
April
May
Feb.
July
June
Sept.
Aug.
July,
Feb.
Dec.
March
15, 1852
4, 1851
1, 1857
27, 1856
15, 1838
1. 1855
6, 1857
18. 1838
6, 1851
1, 1854
1, 1851
28, 1858
22, 1852
10, 1851
15, 1856
1. 1856
6, 1813
21, 1836
3, 1849
1, 1853
31, 1857
1, 1851
1, 1853
16, 1832
1, 1848
10, 1853
20, 1832
1, 1852
1854
15. 1839
1, 1853
18, 1836
15, 1838
14, 1856
1, 1852
Of expiration
of charttr or
privilege.
Jan. 1, 1900
May 1,1957
Feb. 27. 1955
Jan. 2, 1839
July 1, 1955
Nov. 1,
Jan. 1,
Dec. 31,
Jan. 1,
March 25,
Jan.
Sept.
June
,_ Jan.
6, 1852 June
Jan.
Jan.
July
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Sept.
March 1,
Jan. 1
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
May
1,
31,
1,
6,
1,
1,
1,
2301
1900
1900
1951
1908
1953
1951
2056
1958
1862
1866
1899
1953
1958
1951
1899
1862
1898
1950
1862
1952
In year 2500
Dec. 31, 1953
1. 1849
1, 1839
17, 1839
1, 1838
12, 1848
1, 1852
25, 1839
10. 1854
1, 1851
21. 1855
9, 1S49
1852
24, 1832
31, 1854
1, 1853
Oct.
1854
12, 1852
Dec. 22, 1852
Sept.
April
April
Sept.
Dec.
3. 1855
3, 1855
1. 1856
20, 1858
31, 1852
March 14, 1833
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Oct.
1, 1866
15. 2:r.s
14, 1956
1, 1952
1, 1950
1, 1950
1, 1939
17, 2340
1, 2838
May 1, 1900
Feb.
Dec.
Jan.
25, 2839
31, 1953
1, 1S90
Aug. 9, 1950
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1S60
1, 1954
1, 2000
Dec. 31, 1953
Dec. 31, 1953
Jan.
April
Jan.
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1905
3, 1955
1, 2000
1, 1958
1, 1899
1, 1S63
2 °
205
"7 00
100
125
120
ioo
100
100
200
100
2,000
1,000
125
110
*
200
125
120
200
1,000
125
100
100
100
150
100
"ioo
125
2,000
100
100
440
100
600
100
100
100
200
100
150
100
"506
200
100
100
300
600
115
100
110
100
t
250
Present
capital.
$205,000
50.000
251,550
111,940
250.1100
150,000
50,000
102,450
196,800
1 011.000
:;on.ooo
50,025
2,838,975
1,000,000
125,000
1O5.S50
105.660
200,000
175,000
130,000
200,000
2,000.000
125,000
100,000
150,000
138,000
150,000
100,000
80,000
100,800
150,000
2,000.000
200,000
100,000
440,000
150.000
600.000
100,000
47,779
120,000
50,000
250,000
120,000
150,000
100,000
62,611
1,000,000
50,000
150,000
100,000
277,700
173,300
93,400
800,000
168.339
125,000
110,000
40,000
128.962
250,000
k1
J • • =
ill
hi
V. 'J.
S. K.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. B.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. B.
S. E.
S. E.
S. B.
S.
s.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S.
S.
S.
s.
S. E.
s.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
» First incorp. March 28, 1817 ; cap. $400,000 ; once extended ;
expired Jan. 1, 1853.
» First incorp. March 19, 1813; cap. $200,000 ; once extended;
expired July 1, 1855.
c First incorp. March 22, 1811.
<* First bank in State; incorp. March 22, 1791; cap. $900,000;
thrice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1S53.
« A bank of similar name filed Jan. 7, 1839 ; cap. $100,000 ;
did not organize.
/Begun as an individual bank.
9 Once extended.
* Individual bank of this title begun 1847.
* First incorp. March 22, 1811 ; cap. $500,000; allowed to open
* $105,660.
offices of discount and deposit at Waterford and Lansinburgh ,
once extended ; expired Jan. 1, 1853 ; State reserved right to
take stock.
i First incorp. June 1, 1812 ; cap. $1,000,000 ; once extended ;
allowed to open a branch at Canandaigua April 10, 1S15; State
reserved right to take stock.
* Organized in place of Safety Fund Bank of same name
whose charter expired June 13, 1S59.
I First incorp. Apr. 18, 1831 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1, 1855.
"•Butchers & Drovers' Bank incorp. April 8, 1S30; cap.
$300,000, increased to $500,000 ; expired Jan. 1, 1S53.
» First incorp. March 26, 1813; cap. $400,000; once extended:
expired Jan. 1, 1853.
t $110,007.
92
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER,
Existing Banks, continued.
Corporate Naue.
Central Bank of Brooklyn..
Central Bank at Cherry
Valley"
Central Bank of Troy
Central City Bank'..
Chatham Bank.
Chautauqua County Bank..
Chemical Bank
Chemung Canal Bank
Chester Bank
Chittenango Hank
Citizens 1 Bank«
Citizens' Bank
City Bank of Brooklyn
Citv Bank of New York 1 ...
Cit'v Bank
Clint, n Bank of Buffalo
Commercial Bank of Al-
bany*
Commercial Bank of Clyde.
Commercial Bank of Glens
Falls
Commercial Bank of Roch-
ester.
Commercial Bank of Sara-
t _ i >prings
Commercial Bank of Troy..
Commercial Bank of White-
hall
Continental Bank
Corn Exchange Bank
Croton River Bank
Cuba Bank
Cuyler'a Bank
Delaware Bank
Deposit Bank/.
Dover Plains Bank
East River Bank?
Elmira Bank
Essex County Bank*
Exchange Bank at Lock-
port
Fallkill Bank
Farmers' Bank of Amster-
dam
Farmers' Bank of Attica...
Farmers' Bank of Hudson..
Farmers' Bank of Lansing-
trai
rs' Bank of Saratoga
■ity
Farmers' Bank of the City
Of Irov*
Fanners' Bank of Washing-
Farmers k Citizens' Bank
of Long !-i in i.'
:- Dron :-' Hank..
Farm- rs A Manufacture r.-'
lk
Faros inics' Bank
of Gc *
Farm :iici' Bank
of Bo hester
Fl nr i Itj Bant
Fori Plain Bank
nit
Frankfort I
n:a Bank
r Bank
Location.
e
HI
o<:«
Brooklyn.
Cherrv Valley.,
Troy
Syracuse
New York
Jamestown....
New York
Elmira.
East Chester .
Chittenango ..
Fulton ,
New York
Brooklyn
New York....
Oswego
Buffalo
Albany
Clyde,....
Glens Falls .
Rochester..
Saratoga Springs
Troy '.
Whitehall
New York
New York
Brewster Station
Cuba
Palmyra
Delhi
Deposit
Dover
New York
Elmira
Keeseville
Lockport
Poughkeepsie..
Amsterdam .
Attica
Hudson
Lansingburgh .
Troy
Fort Edward.
Williamshurgh.
Somers
Poughkeepsie.
Buffalo
Bode
Bochi
1 rr Plain.
f nnkfbrt..
UII....
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
Dates
Of filing arti-
cles.
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
April 9, 1853 Aug. 1,1853
Dec.
Feb.
May
Feb.
13, 1854
5, 1853
12, 1S52
6, 1851
Feb. 5, 1844
May
Feb.
Sept.
May
Nov.
May
Dec.
July
11, 1S46
4, 1S53
8, 1S53
3, 1851
6, 1850
26, 1852
17, 1849
3, 1856
July 3, 1S41
April 28,1853
April 8, 1839
Feb.
Jan.
Aug.
Jan.
Dec.
March
June
April
March
Nov.
Feb.
Sept.
April
18, 1856
8, 1839
5, 1849
24. 1853
21, 1852
21, lv',.;
20. 1855
9, 1853
21, 1S39
12. 1856
12. 1857
11, 1S52
22. 1854
Dec.
May
May
Feb.
April
Feb.
April
May
April
Aug.
May
Dec.
July
Nov.
Aug.
July
Nov.
14, 1854
1, 1853
12. 1852
20, 1851
18, 1831
24,1844
9,1833
1, 1846
1, 1853
20. 1853
1, 1851
14, 1850
1, 1852
1,1849
1, 1S56
1, 1847
1850
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
July 31, 1953
April 28, 1S53
Nov. 7, 183S
Feb.
Jan.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
| March
June
April
Jan.
Oct.
March
Sept.
Nov.
April
Nov. 12, 1851
June 17, 1852
1, 1856
5, 1839
15, 1849
24, 1853
1, 1S53
15, 1856
1, 1855
15, 1S53
1, 1839
1, 1856
15, 1S58
8, 1852
1, 1S53
25, 1832
Jan.
May
May
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1955
1,2353
12, 1952
1, 1899
1, 1860
1, 1899
May
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Nov.
July
1, 2500
1, 2000
31, 1953
1, 1951
1, 1950
1, 1952
1, 2049
1, 2000
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 1954
Nov. 7, 193S
Feb. 1, 1956
In year 2000
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
March
June
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
March
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 2500
1, 1953
1, 1950
15, 1956
1, 1900
1, 1900
1, 1939
1, 1959
1, 2000
18, 1952
1, 1953
1, 1S62
July 1, lS51Inyear 2000
April 1,1852, July 1,1952
April 26, 1S39 April 10, 1S39 April 10,1939
May 7,1856
Feb. 7, 1839 March 1, 1S39 Dec. 31, 1900
March 31, 1854
April 1, 1854
April 1, 1954
Nov. 13, 1852 Dec. 1, 1852 Jan. 1,1950
Juno 30, 1850 Jan. 1, 1850 Jan. 1, 1956
Juno 21, 1S52 Jnlv 8,1862 July 3,2000
July 16, 1839, March 16, 1839 j In year 1950
April 20, 183-1 Jan. 1,1864
Dec. 13, 1838
March
March
Jan.
Nov.
Feb.
July
April
15. ls:;:i
1. l S66
■j. L88fl
6,1847
6, 1854
2. 1 B66
29, 1854
Nov. 1,1838 Nov. 1,2000
Feb. 12, 1880 Jnn. 1, 3838
March 1, 1850 Jan. 1,1956
Jan. 1, 1*30 Jan. 1,2001
Nov. 6, 1847 1 Nov. 3, 2347
May 16, 1854 May 15,2354
Aug. 1,1*66 May 1,2000
April r.o. IV, J Jan. 1, 1899
3
5
.8
P
5-3
200
200
200
110
300
100
300
200
100
105
125
300
150
800
125
250
300
150
400
125
100
1.500
500
100
100
100
100
125
100
300
200
100
150
150
100
100
200
350
200
200
t
300
100
100
200
100
110
105
100
100
Present
capital.
S200,000
200,000
300,000
125,200
450,000
100,000
300,000
200,000
125,500
150,000
166,100
400,000
300,000
1,000,000
276,400
250,000
500,000
25,000
136,400
500,000
125,000
300,000
108,200
2,000,000
1,000,000
107,500
100,000
74,000
150,000
125,000
100,000
206,525
100,000
100,000
150.000
200,000
118.000
54,533
300,000
171,300
200,000
350,000
16S,650
200,000
111,150
300,000
150,000
125,000
300,000
150,000
150.000
106,000
Itiii.i
liMi.niiM
i^r B
tots
<% I.
I"
mm
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S.
S.
S. E.
S. E.
S.
S. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S. E.
8. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
••Cherry Valley Bank tncorp. April -i. 1818; cap. $200,000;
changi 1 • ' Tit ml Bank ; on xtended ; expired Jan. 1, 1855.
' Changed from ("rouse Bank Feb. 3, 1867.
' Bi mi v -I from Ogdensbnrgh.
<Titv H.nk tecorp. Jun- 16, 1812; cap. fc2,000,000; twice ex-
t<-nd'-.l": expired Julv 1. 1862; cap. reduced one half March 24,
1820. and afterward to $720,000.
« Commercial Bank incorp. April 18,1826; cap. $300,000 ; Once
extended ; expired July 1, 1847.
• $108,200.
/An Individual bank merged in association.
8 Allowed to reduce cap. to $313,918 March 7, 1836.
>> Allowed to iii<T.-a-r cap. to ,£400.000 May 10, lS.,rt.
< Farmer*' Bank inmrp. March 31, 1*01; cap. $250,000; State
nerved right to tnko stock; twice extended; expired Jan. 1,
i Increased to $-300,000 March 9, 1854; afterward reduced.
* Removed from Batavia June 3, 1852
t $111,150.
CORPORATIONS.
93
Existing Banks, continued.
Corporate Name.
Fulton Bank, in the City of
New York
Fulton County Bank
Genesee County Bank
Genesee River Bank
Genesee Valley Bank
Geo. AVashington Bank
Glens Falls Bank
Goshen Bank
Greenwich Bank of the City
of New York*
Grocers' Bank in the City
of New York
Hamilton Bank
Hanover Bank
Herkimer County Bank.....
Highland Bank
H. J. Miner & Co.'s Bank...
H. T. Miner's Bank.
Hudson Kiver Bank c
Huguenot Bk. of NewPaltz
Hungerford's Bank"*
Hion Bank
Importers & Traders' Bank
International Bank
Iron Bank
Irving Bank in the City of
New York
Jamestown Bank
Jefferson County Bank"
J. N. Hungerford's Bank...
J. T. Raplee's Bank
Judson Bank d
Kingston Bank
Lake Mahopac Bank
Lake Ontario Bank....
Lake Shore Bank
Leather Manufacturers' B'k
Leonardsville Bank
Lockport City BankA
Long Island Bankc
Lyons Bank*
Manhattan Company*.
Manufacturers' »Bank of
Brooklyn^
Manufacturers' Bank of
Troy
Manufacturers & Traders'
Bank
Marine Bank of Buffalo
Marine Bank, at Oswego....
Marine Bank of the City of
New York
Market Bank
Market Bank of Troy
Mechanics' Bank of Brook-
lyn
Mechanics' Bank of the City
of New York*
Mechanics' Banking Asso-
ciation 1
Mechanics' Bank of Syra-
cuse
Mechanics & Farmers'
Bank of Albany™
Mechanics & Traders' Bank
in the City of New York.
Location.
New York
Gloversville
LeRoy
Mount Morris..
Geneseo
Corning
Glens Falls
Goshen
New York.
New York...
Hamilton....
New York...
Little Falls..
Newburgh...
Dunkirk
Hudson
New I'altz...
Adams
Ilion
New York
Buffalo
Plattsburgh.
New York
Jam es town
Watertown
Corning
Penn Yan
Ogdensburgh.-
Kingston.
Mahopac
Oswego
Dunkirk
New York
Leonardsville.,
Lockport
Brooklyn -
Lyons
New York
Brooklyn .
Troy
Buffalo-
Buffalo .
Oswego.
New York.,
New York.,
Troy
Brooklyn...
New York..
NewY'ork..
Syracuse.-.
Albany
New York..
8
S.S ,
.3 si
-§><-§
I'll
d<1 w
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I.
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A.
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A.
I.
A.
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A.
I.
I.
A.
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I.
A.
I.
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I.
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A.
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A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
Dates
Of filing arti-
cles.
Jan.
April
Dec.
Oct.
May
15, 1844
28, 1852
19, 1838
1, 1853
6, 1851
Oct. 31, 1851
Sept. 25, 1850
May 30, 1855
Aug. 15, 1851
Feb. 19, 1853
April 2, 1851
April 23, 1855
April 25, 1853
Sept. 17, 1853
Feb. 6, 1852
Nov. 28, 1855
May 11, 1854
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
March 1,1844
March 23, 1852
Jan.
Oct.
May
Oct.
Nov.
1, 1839
5, 1853
10, 1851
1854
31, 1851
1, 1S51
June 4, 1855
Aug.
March
April
1, 1851
1, 1853
2, 1851
March 14, 1833
April 26,1834
Feb. 24, 1859
March 29,
1851
Oct.
Feb.
21,
9,
1853
1859
Aug.
1,
1854
March 17,
1857
April
May
June
25,
13,
16,
1856
1859
1845
April 19,1853
Aug. 12, 1852
June 26, 1856
July 15, 1850
June 25, 1856
March 23, 1853
Oct. 19, 1852
July 5, 1853
Aug. 12, 1852
Dec. 18, 1854
Aug. 1, 1838
Sept. 29,1851
Not. 4, 1852
Dec. 30, 1856
May
June
Sept.
Feb.
Dec.
June
July,
March
Feb.
Dec.
March
July
July
May
April
March
Jan.
April
Feb.
June
Dec.
April
March
April
July
Aug.
Aug.
Jan.
Aug.
Sept.
Aug.
Jan.
Aug.
Aug.
Dec.
Jan.
8, 1855
1, 1853
1, 1853
2, 1852
1. 1855
1, 1S54
1853
31. 1851
1853
31. 1853
16, 1859
15, 1858
1, 1854
18, 1836
15. 1854
12, 1857
1855
23, 1832
27, 1856
16, 1845
1843
2, 1799
6, 1853
22. 1852
1. 1856
1, 1850
20, 1856
1, 1853
30, 1852
2, 1853
10, 1852
1, 1855
1, 1838
28, 1851
1, 1852
2. 1857
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Jan. 1, 1899
March 23, 1952
Jan. 1, 2000
Oct. 5, 1919
Jan. 1, 2000
Sept.
Nov.
1, 1952
1, 1951
June 7, 1954
Jan.
Jan.
April
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1950
1, 2053
2, 1951
1, 1863
1, 1864
May
July
lJuly
'Feb.
'Jan.
Jan.
10, 1955
1, 1953
1, 1953
3, 2352
1, 1955
1, 1954
Jan.
1>
1950
Jan.
1,
1900
July
Jan.
1,
1,
1904
1866
March 12,
1957
June 1, 1862
Feb. 27, 2356
July 1, 1890
Unlimited
May 1, 1903
July 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 2000
Aug. 20, 2S56
Jan. 1, 1953
Aug. 30, 1951
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan.
Jan.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1952
1, 1955
1, 1938
1, 1950
1, 1950
1, 1957
fi
OS
600
150
100
130
120
150
110
200
150
110
500
200
200
200
125
125
100
1,000
400
500
200
132
200
250
'eo'o
100
200
2,000
250
200
200
170
125
500
650
200
200
2,000
140
.550
400
B6£
1 • "V.
fe|
\*\
Present
capital.
■CV2
gJI
m
5 1.
i«
OiOl
$600,000
S. E.
150,000
S. E.
200,000
S. E.
130,000
S. E.
150,000
S. E.
50,000
112,000
S. E.
110,000
S.
200,000
S. E.
240,000
S.
110,000
S. E.
1,000,000
s.
200,000
200,000
25,000
s.
250,000
s.
125,000
S. E.
125,000
S. E.
100,000
S. E.
1,500,000
S. E.
400,000
S. E.
50,000
S. E.
500,000
S. E.
92.915
S. E.
2,000,000
S. E.
50,000
S. E.
122,000
S. E.
200,000
40,850
S. E.
325,000
S. E.
39,200
S. E.
600.000
100,000
S. E.
400,000
S. E.
48,609
S. E.
2,050,000
150,000
250,000
S. E.
495,000
S. E.
300,000
S. E.
186,000
S. E.
659,100
S.
1,000,000
s.
300,000
S.E.
300,000
d.
2,000,000
S.
316,000
s.
140,000
S.E.
350,000
S.E.
400,000
S.
a Fulton Bank incorp. April 1, 1824; cap. $500,000; increased
to $750,000 March 16, 1827 ; expired March 1, 1844.
» Greenwich Bank incorp. April 17, 1830 ; cap. $200,000 ; ex-
pired June 6, 1853.
• First incorp. March 29, 1830 ; cap. $100,000 ; increased to
$150,000 April 16, 1832; expired June 12, 1855.
<* Originally an individual bank.
• First incorp. April 17, 1816; cap. $400,000, and located at
Adams; failed; removed to TJtica Nov. 19, 1824, and cap. re-
duced to $100,000; increased to $200,000 May 19, 1836; once ex-
tended ; expired Jan. 1, 1854.
/Niagara River Bank, Buffalo, removed to Lockport, and
name changed May 13, 1859.
s First incorp. April 1, 1824 ; cap. $300,000 ; onco extended ;
expired July 1, 1845.
* Begun under the name of Palmyra Bank ; changed name
March 31, 1857.
* Chartered for supplying city with water, with perpetual
banking privileges.
i Changed from Mechanics' Bank of Wilhumsburgh, and cap.
reduced April 15, 1858.
* Mechanics' Bank first incorp. March 23, 1810 ; cap. $1,500,000 ;
reduced to $1,440,000; once extended; expired Jan 1, 1855;
State reserved right to take stock.
« Under Chap. 183. laws of 1858 ; original cap. $128,175.
"> First incorp. March 22, 1811 ; cap. $600,000 ; reduced one>
fourth April 4, 1820 ; once extended ; expired Jan. 1, 1853.
94
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Existing Banks, continued.
Corporate Name.
Medina Rank
Mercantile Hank"
Mercantile Bank of Pitts-
burgh
Merchants' Rank of Albany.
Merchants' Bank of Erie
County
Merchants' Hank in the City
of New Fork
Merchants' Rankin Rough-
k'-opsie
Merchants' Bank
Merchants 1 Bank of West-
field
Merchants 1 Exchange Bank
in the City of New York 6
Merchants k Farmers'Rank
Merchants .t Mechanics'
Bank of Troy
Metropolitan Bank
Hiddletown Bunk
Mohawk Rank of Schenec
taily
"•I >b iwk River Rank ,
Mohawk Valley Rank.
M"iir ■*■ County Rank
Montgomery County Bank*
Mutual Bank
N assau Rank
Nassau Rank of Rrooklyn..
National Bank of Albany...
National Rank in the City
of New York'
New York County Rank of
the City of New York
New York Dry Dock Com-
pany/
New York <fc Erie Bank"...
New York Exchange Bank
in the City of New York.
fork Stat.' Rank'"
innty Hank.
. River Bank in the
City of New York'
Ocean Bank in tho City of
New York
nbnrgh Bank
i B ink
Oneida Central Bank
mty Bank
. i Valley Bank
1 Mi ID
I -utity Rank
1 >ri' ntal Bank
B mk
ik
r B mk
nty Bank/
I'arllic Bank
Bark Bank
mk of the City
of v rw York
I'errin Bank
Phmnix Bank of the 'itv
of New York* .,
d Bank
Quaasaick Bank
Hanilall Bank
Location.
Medina
New York.
Pittsburgh.
Albany
Lancaster.
New York.
Pnughkecpsie..
Syracuse..
Westfield.
New York..
Ithaca
Troy
New York ,
S. Midilletown..
Schenectady..
Fonda
Mohawk
Rochester
Johnstown....
Troy
New York
Brooklyn
Albany
New York.,
New York.
New York.,
Ruffalo
New York.
Albany
Lockport...
New York.,
New York
| Jgdensburgn.,
utica
Komo
Otica
Oneida
Bj rai use
Syracuse
New York
Imrgh.
Oswego
Fulton
Co 'pi-rRtown ..
New York
Now York
New York.,
Rochi-.-t'T..
New York
Pulaski
Newburgh
• 'ortlandTille..
5>* ?
§11
0<tn'
I.
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A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
C.
A.
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I.
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I.
Dates
Of filing arti-
cles.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
8, 1850
24, 1S56
22, 1853
Dec. 24, 1S56
Jan.
Feb.
19, 1845
21, 1851
April 24,1849
Oct. 24, 1S3S
Dec. 15, 1853
April 10, 1851
May 17, 1839
Oct. 13, 1852
Jan. 2, 1856
March 28, 1839
May 26, 1857
30, 1856
3, 1853
28, 1852
28, 1859
8, 1856
Of beginning
business or of
ad of incor-
poration.
May,
Jan.
1854
8, 1850
Jan. 1, 1856
March 21, 1853
May,
1S44
Jan. 2, 1857
July
Dec.
April,
June
Oct.
Of expiration
of charter or
privilege.
Jan. 1, 1950
Jan. 1, 1956
March 1, 1953
Jan. 1, 1957 1,500
200
100
250
2, 1845
31, 1850
1853
1, 1849
15, 1838
July
Dec.
1, 1895
31, 1950
Dec. 15, 1853
April 10, 1850
July 1, 1839
Dec.
Jan.
Oct.
Jan.
Feb.
Dec. 22, 1856
June 25, 1855
Aug. 12, 1852
April 14,1851
Oct. 26. 1850
May 7, 1856
Dec.
Jan.
July
May
Dec.
Feb.
Nov.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1852
1, 1856
1, 1839
23, 1857
31, 1856
1, 1853
1, 1852
12, 1859
16, 1S56
Jan. 2, 1857
June 1, 1855
April 12,1825
Sept. 1, 1852
April 21, 1851
Dec. 31, 1850
May 1, 1856
Tuly 1, 1842 Juno 1, 1S42
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1899
1, 2040
Jau. 1, 1954
Jan. 1, 1950
May -1, 2130
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
May
Jan.
Feb.
Nov.
1, 195:
1, 1956
1, 2839
23, 2551
1, 195i
1, 195.'
1, 1952
Jan. 16, 1956
Jan. 1, 1957
June 1, 1955
Unlimited
Jan. 1, 2000
Jan. 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1950
Refore 2500
Jan. 1, 1S99
Dec. 22, 1849 Dec. 10, 1S49 Jan. 1.1950
April 30, lsj'.l Jan. 1. lsV.i
May 14, 1836 Jan. 1,1866
Sept. 19, 1853 Sept. 19,2000
May 10, 1853 Jan. 2, 2500
Sept. 22, 1852 Sept. 2, 1002
May 1,1854 May 1,1954
Oct. 29, 1853
May 2, 1853
Sept. 27, 1852
May 1, 1854
July
Oct.
n.t,
Dec
Oct. 8, 1850
March 12, 1856
6. ivv; July 11. ls;,:s July
3, 1854 Oct. 10,1851 Oct.
March 14, 1881 Jan.
3. 1855 1 Jan. 1, 1856 Dec.
30, ls.v: Dec.
June
.11. I^.v: Jan
Feb. 27, 1851
Dec. 27, 185o
S.'pt. 10, 1853
March 19, lS.yj
17. 1860
March 1, 1856
April 1,1861
Sept. 29, 1855
Jan.
11. 1-:,:;
1. 1 96 1
1. 1, S.V.I
31, 1955
1. 1954
1. 1050
March 1,1950
April 1, 1950
Jan. 2. 1S.-.4 Jan. 2,1954
Sept. 1. 1868 Dec. 31,1899
March 19, 1852 j Jan. 1, 1952
Aug. 1868
110
135
1,000
150
300
250
100
125
100
100
100
100
200
500
600
1,500
200
200
120
250
250
200
600
500
100
400
150
125
105
150
300
200
150
125
200
500
2,000
250
1,200
100
130
Present
capital.
$ 50,000
1,000,000
100,000
400,000
50,000
2,638,975
150,000
180,000
40,000
1,235,000
80,000
300,000
4,000,000
125,000
200,000
100,000
150,000
100,000
100,000
234,500
979,200
600,000
1,500,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
130,000
350,000
100,000
316,000
1,000,000
100,000
400,000
173.500
125,000
105,000
90,200
150,000
300.000
200,000
15H, I
114.500
2oi UK Ml
422.700
2,000,000
412.500
43,620
1,800,000
loo.OMO
300,000
60,000
« . . *-
3, w
OTOT
S. E.
S.
s.
s.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.E.
S.
s.
S. E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
s.
s.
s.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E,
S.
S.
S.E.
S. E.
S.E.
S.
S.
s.
S.E.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
S.
S.E.
S.E.
S.
s. B.
8,
s. i:.
" Successor to Rank of Ith I
» First in- rp April J >. 1^_. rap. ?7.',0.000.
« Mohawk Bank bcorp. M irch 18, 1807 ; cap. $200,000: allowed
to reduce April 4. 1820; twice extended; expired Jan 1. 1868
<* First incorp. March 15, 1831 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1,
185i .
« National Rank incorp. April .», 1829; cap. $1,000,000: ex-
pir.-l Jan. 1, 1857.
/ Dock Co. with perp etua l bankin.r power*.
9 Removed from Dunkirk Mar, li. 1864.
» First inrorp. M ,r, h 1 ', 1803; cap. 8460,000; once extended;
expired Jan. 1, 1851; State reserved right to take stock.
'North Itivi-r Rank incorp. March 23, 1821; cap. $500,000;
expired July 1, 1842; judgment dissolving an injunction filed
Sept. 25, 1858.
i First incorp. April 8, 1830; cap. $100,000; expired Jan. 1,
1854.
* Incnrp. June 16, 1812. cap. $1,000,000. as Now York Manu-
facturing Co.. for making wiro and cards; amended Sept. 26,
1M4. with banking privileges to extent of $150,000 besides
i.OOO in manufacturing; changed to Phoenix Rank, F'eb.
J. 1M7: oni ■" exti'tnled; expired .(an. 1, 1854; increased to
$1,000,000 April 29, 1834, and reduced May 7, 1841.
CORPORATIONS.
95
Existing Banks, continued.
Corporate Name.
Rensselaer County Bank ....
R. M. Goddard & Co.'s Bank
Rochester Bank
Rochester City Bank
Rome Exchange Bank
St. Nicholas Bank
Salt Springs Bank
Saratoga County Bank"
Schenectady Bank
Schoharie County Bank
Seneca County Bank
Seventh Ward Bank
Shoe & Leather Bank
Smith's Hank of Perry
Spraker Bank
State Bank of Troy
State of New York Bank....
Steuben County Bank
Stissing Bank 6
Suffolk County Bank
Susquehanna Valley Bank..
Syracuse City Bank
Tanners' Bank
Tompkins County Bank
Tradesmen's Bank of the
City of New York
Traders' BankofRochester 1 *
Troy City Bank
Ulster County Bank
Unadilla Bank
Union Bank of Albany
Union Bank of Kinder-
hook
Union Bank of the City of
New York"
Union Bank of Rochester...
Union Bank of Sullivan
County
Union Bank of Troy
Union Bank of Watertown..
UticaCity Bank
Wallkill Bank
Washington County Bank..
Watertown Bank & Loan
Company
Waverly Bank
Weedsport Bank
Westchester County Bank.
West Winfield Bank
White's Bank of Buffalo....
Williamsburgh City Bank..
Wooster Sherman's Bank...
Worthington Bank
Wyoming County Bank
Location.
Lansingburgh..
Canton
Rochester.
Rochester
Rome
New York
Syracuse
Waterford
Schenectady
Schoharie
Waterloo
New York
New York
Perry
Canajoharie
Troy
Kingston
Bath
Pine Plains
Sag Harbor
Biughamton....
Syracuse '.
Catskill
Ithaca
New York...
Rochester...
Troy
Kingston
Unadilla
Albany
Kinderhook..,
New York.,
Rochester...
Monticello
Troy
Watertown
Utica
Middletown
Union Village..
Watertown
Waverly
Weedsport
Peekskill
West Winfield...
Buffalo
Williamsburgh.,
Watertown
Cooperstown
Warsaw »
.2 w s
■eTgg
HI
A.
I.
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C.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
I.
C.
C.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
I.
A.
A.
C.
c.
C.
C.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
I.
Dates
0/ filing arti-
cles.
Dec. 7, 1852
March 31, 1854
Feb. 18, 1851
Nov. 25, 1852
Feb. 4, 1852
Nov. 28, 1S56
Dec. 30, 1852
May 31, 1S53
May 20, 1852
July . 9, 1853
June 8, 1858
Jan. 31, 1855
Dec. 21, 1849
Dec.
June
28, 1854
1, 1859
June 8, 1853
June 23,1853
Dec.
Jan.
21, 1852
20, 1853
March 3,1851
Jan. 20, 1851
June 14, 1852
Aug. 30, 1848
June 9, 1857
March 8,1839
Jan. 21, 1839
Aug. 20, 1855
July 12, 1854
March 10, 1854
April 9, 1853
Feb. 25, 1852
Of beginning
business or of
act of incor-
poration.
Jan.
April
April
May
Feb.
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
April
April,
March
April
Dec.
Sept.
June
April
Sept.
March
May
April,
Jan.
Oct.
March
May
1, 1853
29, 1859
1, 1854
18, 1836
18, 1851
15, 1852
3. 1852
1. 1S55
16, 1832
1852
12, 1833
so, is:;:;
3, 1852
22, 1858
1. 1853
27, 1852
6, 1853
9, 1832
29, 1858
1844
10, 1855
26, 1849
14, 1831
14, 1836
Jan. 2, 1855
April 19, 1833
March 14, 1S31
July, 1844
July 4, 1853
June 23, 1853
Dec. 22, 1852
March 1, 1853
March
Jan.
July,
Sept.
Aug.
July
Jan.
Aug.
July
March
Feb.
April
Feb.
Dec.
Dec.
Nov.
1, 1851
1, 1851
1, 1852
1, 184S
3, 1857
1, 1839
20, 1S39
6, 1855
3, 1854
21, 1833
16, 1854
6, 1853
4, 1852
1841
1854
1851
Of expiration
of charter
privilege.
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
1, 1954
1, 1866
1, 1951
15, 1952
3, 1952
1, 1956
1, 1862
Jan.
1,
1863
Jan.
1,
1863
Dec.
2,
1952
June
Jan.
Sept.
Jan.
Jan.
1, 1953
1, 2000
5, 1893
1, 1862
1, 1900
Jan.
Oct.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
June
9, 1955
26, 1949
1, 1860
1, 1866
1, 1950
1, 1863
1, 1861
July 4,1953
Jan. 1, 1900
Jan. 1, 1952
Jan. 1, 1953
Jan.
Jan.
July
Jan.
Aug.
1, 1899
1, 1951
1, 1952
1, 1898
3, 1957
In year 2050
1, 2839
6, 1955
1, 1954
1, 1863
16, 2354
In year 2000
Feb. 4, 1952
Jan.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
H
■•* to
200
100
400
100
500
125
100
150
"206
600
600
"ioo
250
100
150
120
"ioo
100
100
250
800
300
100
"256
125
1,000
400
110
250
100
125
125
100
100
100
100
200
100
100
200
oil
~5
fe|
s-; 1
Present
1*1
capital.
i'H a
,i *. v.
c 9.3
C S ~
§8^
Z&. 1
l«
/. •/.
$ 200.000
S.E.
200,000
S.E.
400,000
100,000
S.E.
750,000
S.
200.OI id
S.E.
160,000
S.E.
150.000
100,000
S.E.
200,000
500,000
1,500.000
S.
50.000
S.E.
100.000
S.E.
250,000
S.E.
125.000
S.
150.000
60.000
S.E.
20,000
S.
100,000
S.E.
160,250
S.E.
100,000
250,000
800,000
S.
300,000
100,000
125,550
S E.
500,000
S.
200,000
S.E.
1,500.000
S.
500,000
S.E.
150,000
S.E.
300,000
S.E.
187,900
S.E.
200.000
S.E.
125,000
S.
200,000
S.E.
100,000
S.E.
106,100
S.E.
100.000
S.E.
200,000
125,000
S.E.
200,000
S.E.
500.000
S.
50.000
S.E.
50.000
S.E.
50,000
S.E.
o First incorp. March 29, 1830 ; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1,
1857.
* Successor to Pine Plains Bank.
« Tradesmen's Bank incorp. March 29, 1823; cap. $600.000 ; re-
duced to $400,000 March 26, 1827 ; once ext. ; exp. Jan. 1, 1855.
d Formed by the consolidation of the Manufacturers' Bank
and the Eagle Bank by special act of 1S59.
« Union Bank incorp. March 8, 1811; cap. $1,S00,000; once
extended; expired Jan. 1,1853; successor to Jersey Bank, in-
corp. by State of New Jersey.
Obsolete and Closing Banks.
(Those marked with a * are redeemed by the Banking Department.)
Name.
Adams Bank
♦Agricultural Bank of)
Herkimer J
Allegany County Bank
Aqueduct Association in)
Village of Catskill j"
Location.
Ashford...,
Herkimer
Angelica..
Catskill ..
I.
A.
I.
C.
Date of charter
or beginning
of business.
Aug.
Jan.
1850
11, 1839
May 13, 1840
April 21,1818
Capital.
$ 100,000
£k is
**
§3
Par .
S. 36
Remarks.
Redemption expires June 2, 1S60.
Geo. Jones, N. Y.
( Failed June 4, 1858. Red. at
J New York State Bank, Al-
(_ bany.
/Changed to Greene County
\ Bank Feb. 5, 1819.
96
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
Name.
Location.
American Bank Mayvillo
•AstorBank New York.
Clymer
Leedsvillo ,
Atlas Bank of New York.
Anienia Bank..
Bank of America at Buffalo
Bank of Bainbridge.
Bank of Brockport
Bank of Buffalo
Bank of Carth.apro
Bank of Columbia
Bank of Commerce of Buf-
falo
Bank of the Empire State.
•Bank of Ilornellsville
Bank of Hudson
Bank of Lake Erie.,
Bank of Lodi
Bank of Lyons
Bank of the Metropolis.
Bank of Monroe
Bank of New Rocbelle .
Bank of Itbaca .
Bank of Niagara
Bank of Olean.
Bank of Orleans
Bank of the People
Bank of Plattsburgh
Bank of Rochester
Bank of Tonawanda.
Bank of the Union
•Bank of the Union in the
City of New York
Bank of the United States
in Now York
Bank of Warsaw
Bank of Washington &
Warren
Bank of W a t erfal l]
Bank New York.
Bank of Whitehall.
Binphamton Bank ,
Bowery Hank of the, City
of Hew York
Qamdeo B ink
Buffalo
Penn Yan..
Brockport .
Buffalo
Carthago ..
Hudson
Bnffalo
Fairport
Hornellsville..
Hudson
Buffalo .
Lodi. (Seneca co.,)
Lyons
New York
Rochester
Bolivar
Ithaca.
Buffalo
Olean
Albion
Lowville ,
Plattsburgh
Rochester ,
Wheatfield...,
Belfast
New York..
New York.,
Warsaw...,
Sandy Hill....
Waterford
Rochester ....
Whitehall
Bingliamton .
Sew York ,
Camden
Canal Bank
•Canal Bank of Lockport.
Albany ...
U kp irt.
Cattaraugus rv.tmtv Bank.
•Ontral Bank of the City
,,f s. w V.,rk
Chemical Manufarturing I
Chemung County Bank Horscheads .
Randolph...
New York..
New York .
Ch"l»ea Bank.
City Bank of Buffalo..
New York .
liuffalo
City Tni«t * Banking Co... Nr. w York ....
Clint"!; : . New York ....
P ■"■lja.1 Bank of Buf-
falo liuffalo
Commercial Bank of I
York New York....
Commercial Bank of Oe-|
Oewego
drtlaiid County Bank Trust. n
Cortland County Bank Cinnnnatus.
Crouse Bank. Syracuse
Champlain Bank..
Commercial Bank..
Ellenburgh .
Lockport..
jb .« ;s Date of charter
~ | -2 ! or beginning
•S 3 "S of business.
i. IT
A.
I.
I.
A.
I.
A.
C.
I.
C.
A.
I.
A.
C.
A.
C.
A.
C.
I.
C.
A.
C.
I.
C.
C.
A.
I.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
I.
A.
C.
A.
A.
C.
c.
c.
A.
I.
A.
1.
June,
184;
June 2, 1852
June, 1847
1844
Sept. 26, 1S39
April, 1847
Nov. 13, 1839
March 14, 1831
July, 1S52
March 6, 1793
Aug. 27, 1839
June, 1S48
March 1, 1S56
March 25, 1808
Sept.
1841
Jan. 8. 1839
May 14, 1S36
March 31, 1851
April 22,1829
Jan. 1846
April 29, 1S29
April
Feb.
April
Sept.
April
Feb.
Dec.
March,
17, 1816
13, 1840
30, 1834
1852
7, 1817
19, 1824
15, 1838
1852
May 25, 1853
Aug. 13, 1838
Jan. 1, 1839
April
Jan.
July
April
Dec.
Aug.
Jan.
7, 1817
1, 1839
4, 1838
.». 1*29
26, 1838
16. 1847
27. 1848
Mav 2, 1829
April 10,1839
Jan. 23, 1840
Jan. 17, 1853
April 21,1824
Sept. 14,1855
Jan.
May
March
Fob.
April
April
May
3ept
- i '■
M,.y
Oct
Ang.
R, l~" r <
21,1836
10, 1839
10,1840
26,1834
28,1834
19, 1836
30,1839
1848
12,1862
1846
1847
Capital.
$ 200,000
100,000
150.000
200,000
160,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
100.000
200,000
100,000
300,000
200,000
400,000
100.000
200,000
'360,006
250.000
100,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
400.000
100,000
180.000
1(111,11110
100,000
300.000
112,550
300.000
200,000
100,000
800,000
400,000
1,000.000
400,000
100,000
100,000
too/wo
600,000
250,000
"160,006
*V| I.J.V
^ s s as i a
Par
S.97, S. E.75
Par
S.76, 8. E.7S
80...,
Par ,
S.76.
Par
S. S3, S. E. 97
Par
Par
S.par,S.E.81
Par
S.87, S. E.74
Par ,
Par ..
S. 68.
Par ..
Par,
Par
S. 75.
S. 75, S. E.74
Par
Par ,
40...
Par
S.84, S.E.77
Remarks.
Closing. Red. by Henry Keep
until Nov. 16, 1861.
Closing.
Failed 1S47.
Red. by Geo. Jones, N. Y., until
Sept. 14, 1861.
Failed.
Closing. Red. by H. B. Bennett
until March 26, 1863.
Failed.
Failed.
Closed. Red. until April 29, 1863,
Failed 1829. Twice extended.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 7, 1862.
Closing. Originally individual,
Failed 1820. Allowed office of
discount at Catskill.
Closing. Red. until March 21,
1862.
Failed.
Failed.
Scarcely began business. Got
one plate engraved.
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1850.
Failed Oct. 1, 1851. Time expired
for redemp. Jan. 8, 1859.
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1850.
Removed to N. Y., and now
Mercantile Bank of New York.
Failed 1825.
Failed.
Failed. Elizur Hart receiver.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 28, 1862,
Failed 1825.
Charter expired July 1847.
Failed 1840.
Closing. Red. until June 2, 1864.
Closing.
Closed 1843.
Failed 1S25.
Failed.
Failed.
Charter expired June 13, 1S59.
Failed.
Failed. Jno. A. Stewart receiver
Closing. Red. by Edwin Rock
well until Jan. 1. 1864.
Failed July 11, 1848.
Closing. (See Rep. Comp. 1S48
p. 70.)
Failed.
Par Failed
p f Charter expired. Merged in
Par
Par
Par .
Par .
Par ,
Par
\ Chemical Bank.
Failed March 23, 1858. Rod. by
Hank Dept. until Sept. 23,
1864.
Failed in 1840.
Failed 1839. (Seo Comp. Rep.
1848, p. 75.)
Closed 1841.
Failed 1844.
Failed.
Failed.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Dec. 2, 1859.
Changed to Central City Bank
Feb. 3, 1857.
Closing. (See Rep. Comp. 1848,
p. 75.) Red. until Nov. 16,
1861.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 25,
1861.
CORPORATIONS.
97
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
Name.
Commercial Bank, Alle-\
gany County J
Clinton ('.unity Hank
♦Dairymen's Bank
Delaware & Hudson Canal 1
Co ;
Dutchess County Bank
Dutchess County Bank
Drovers' Bank of St. Law- 1
renceCounty j
Duukirk Bank
Eagle Bank
Eagle Bank of Rochester...
Eighth Avenue Bank..
♦Empire City Bank....
Erie County Bank ,
Excelsior Bank
♦Exchange Bank of Buffalo
♦Exchange Bank of Genesee
Exchange Bank of Roches
ter
Farmers' Bank of Ovid
Farmers' Bank of Hamilton
County
Farmers' Bank of Geneva.
Farmers' Bank of Malone.
Farmers' Bank of Mina....
♦Farmers' Bank of Onon- 1
daga (
Farmers' Bank of Orange |
County j
Farmers' Bank of Orleans..
Farmers' Bank of Penn
Yan
Farmers' Bank of Seneca
County
Farmers & Drovers' Bank
of Erie County
Farmers & Mechanics'
Bank of Ogdensburgh
Farmers & Mechanics'
Bank of Onondaga
Franklin Bank of Chau-
tauqua County
Franklin Bank
Franklin County Bank
Farmers' Bank of Saratoga
County
Freemen's Bank of Wash-
ington County
Genesee Central Bank
Globe Bank
Globe Bank in the City of
New York
Greene County Bank
♦Hamilton Exchange )
Bank of Greene J
Hartford Bank
H. J. Miner's Bank of Utica.
Henry Keep's Bank
♦Hollister Bank of Buffalo..
Howard Trust & Banking
Co
Hudson River Bank
♦Island City Bank
Ithaca Bank
James Bank
Kinderhook Bank
Knickerbocker Bank
Knickerbocker Bank of)
the City of New York J
Kirkland Bauk
I-a Fayette Bank
Location.
Friendship...
Plattsburgh
Newport
Now York
Poughkeepsie..
Amenia
Ogdensburgh.
Dunkirk
New York
Rochester
New York .
New York .
Buffalo....
Meridian..
Buffalo....
Batavia..
Rochester
Ovid
Arietta.
Geneva .
Malone .
Mina....
Onondaga Valley,
Warwick..
Gaines ....
Penn Yan
Romulus...
Buffalo
Ogdensburgh ,
Fayette ville....
French Creek .
New York
Malone
Crescent.
Hebron
Attica
Seneca Falls..
New York.,
Catskill....
Greene
Hartford .
Fredonia..
Watertown.
Buffalo
Troy
New York .
New York..
Ithaca
Jamesville...
Kinderhook.
Genoa
New York ...
Clinton
New York ...
** o ^
•C! J2 ~
V.I
a "^ s
i.
c
A.
C.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I
I.
A.
I.
A.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
I.
C.
I.
I.
A.
I.
A.
C.
I.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
I.
C.
Date of Charter
or beginning
of business.
July,
May
Nov.
184"
18, 1S36
1, 1855
Nov. 19, 1824
April 12, 1825
Aug. 1849
Dec. 1843
July, 1851
April 5, 1839
March 27, 1852
Sept.
Jan.
Sept.
Feb.
April,
1, 1853
1, 1852
1, 1838
1851
1844
Jan. 8, 1849
Oct.
Oct.
April,
July
Oct.
May,
July,
Aug.
Oct.
Aug.
April
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
April
Aug.
31, 1839
6, 183S
1850
18, 1839
1844
1847
1852
1842
29, 1838
20, 1839
20, 1839
1843
28, 1843
24, 1839
1847
21, 1818
1846
April 1, 1851
Oct.
Dec.
Dec.
April
Feb.
Aug.
June,
Feb.
Sept.
Feb.
1850
11, 1838
23, 1839
11, 1840
5, 1S19
1850
1849
1850
1847
1, 1850
April 16, 1839
Dee. 6, 1838
June 1, 1854
31, 1838
7, 1839
25, 1839
1848
1, 1851
1845
April 18, 1S34
Dec.
Feb.
Jan.
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
Capital.
$200,000
100,000
600,000
150,000
100,000
200,000
100,000
500,000
100,000
100,000
"160,006
160,666
l-lTJI
ft* -c c oj 5 B
Par
Par .
Par -
Par,
Par ,
S. E. 94..,
Remarks.
Par
200,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
250,000
566,666
200,000
100,005
100,000
25,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
300,000
250,000
106,000
200,000
'566,666
S. 62, S. E. 72
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par ,
85....
Par
S.par,S.E.74
Par ,
Par,
rar ,
Par
84
Par ....
Par ....
Par
Par
Par
Par.
91.
Par ,
Par ,
Par ,
/Closing. Red. until July 22.
\ 1862.
Failed.
Failed May 1858. Red. at New
York State Bank at Albany
until Nov 6, 1SC4.
/Banking privilege expired
\ Nov. 19, 1S44.
Charter expired July 1, 1845.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 6, 1863.
/ Closed. Removed from Catta-
X raugus co.
Closed.
Failed.
Merged in the Traders' Bank of
Rochester June, 1859.
Failed Nov. 1854. Red. at Bank
Dept.
Failed. Red. at North River
Bank.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 16, 1861.
Failed. Red. at Albany City
Bank.
Closing. Removed from Alex-
ander June 24, 1850.
Closed.
Closing. Red. until July 16, 1863.
Closed. Worthless.
Closing. Red. until Mar. 9, 1864.
Failed May 1853. Bed. at
Bank Dept. at 85 until Nov.
12,1S59.
f Closed 1843.. Worthless. (See
X Comp. Rep. 1844, p. 61.)
Failed. Worthless.
Closed 1843.
Failed 1840.
Failed 1846. Worthless.
Closed.
Closed 1841.
Closing. Red. until Aug.25, 1861
Failed 1830.
Closed 1852.
Still redeeming its own notes.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 2, 1S61.
Failed.
Failed 1826.
Redeemed at Bank Dept. at 84
until June 23, 1864.
Closing. Red. until July 14, 1S62.
Closing. Still redeems its own
notes.
Closing.
1859.
Failed.
Red. until Sept. 17.
Red. at Commercial
Bauk at Albany.
Closed 1844.
Failed Oct. 1857. Red. at Man-
hattan Co. until April 22, 1864.
Failed Oct. 1, 1S51. Wo rthless.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 16, 1861.
Failed. Red. at North River
Bank.
Closing. Red. until June 3, 1863.
Failed.
98
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
Name.
Leland Bank
Le Roy Bank of Genesee ...
Lewis County Bank
Living-ton County Bank...
Lockport Bank
Lockport Bank & Trust Co.
Lumberman's Bank
•Luther Wright's Bank
Mo In tyre Bank
Madison Co. Bank
Manhattan Exchange Bank
Manufacturers' Bank of
1 later Co
Manufacturers' Bank of)
Rochester -. j
Mechanics' Bank
inics' Bank of Buffalo
Mechanics' Bank of Wil-1
liamsburgh J
Mechanics k Farmers' Bank
I utile Bank of Schenec-
tady
M'-rchants' Bank
'.ants' Bank of Ontario
I anty
•-' Banking Oo
Merchants' Exchange Bank
of Buffalo
inte & Karmers'Bank
•Merchants k Mechanics' \
nk uf Oswego J
Middle District Bank
Millers' Bank of New York
. roe Bank of Rochester
New York Banking Co
Location.
New Lebanon...
Le Roy
Martinsburgh...
Geneseo ,
Lockport
Lockport
Wilmurt
i tewego
Adirondac
Cazenoria
New York
Saugerties...
Rochester...
Water town.
Buffalo
Williamsburgh.,
Ithaca
Schen'
Mina
Naples
New York.
Buffalo.
Carmel..
North Granville.
Poughkeepsie .
Clyde
Cuba
Now York
New York Bankof Saratoga Hadley ....
New Y'ork City Bank New York
New Y'ork Manufacturing \
;
New York City Trust k
I; inking Co
New York Security Bank...
. Bank
York State Stock!
- iritv Bank t
York Traders' Bank \
Ington Oc J
Niagara River Bank"
North American Bsnk...-
North Am- ri an 'J'ni-t
Northern Bank of
I
Northern l Bank..
Northern Canal Hank
North Kim B oiV.it.. I
•OUn mp.iny'g)
Bank f
itjr Bank
Ontario Bonk
New York..
New York..,
Hope Falls..
Durham
New York..
N( rth Granville.
Buffalo
York.,
New Y' ork.,
Madrid
Brasher Falls,
fori Ann
RTeW Y'.rk
Buffalo
-
Canandaigua .
Ontario Rank. (President
and I
Phelps.
•Ontario County Bank.
Oswego County Bank Meridian
Palmvra Bank of \Tavn" I _ ,
"?'"
Parliin Bank Bn"
Phrenlx Bank Rain 1
\ Bank at Buffalo.... Boll
•Pine Plains Iiank Pine I
I.
A.
C.
C.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
A.
A.
I.
C.
A.
I.
A.
I.
A.
I.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
I.
A.
A.
c.
A.
I.
I.
I.
A.
I.
A.
A.
July,
Jan.
April
April
April
Oct.
March,
March
Sept
March
April
Date of charter
or begin n ing
of business.
IV' -J
1. l-O.'
So. is.';:;
7. 1830
.J. ls-2Vi
31, 1838
1851
28, 1846
1847
14, 1831
1, 1839
Sept.
Jan.
Sept. 10, 1840
July 28, 1S56
1851
25, 1839
March 1,1853
Oct. 24, 183S
March 26. 1S39
Feb. 184'
March 1846
Sept. 4, 1839
Sept. 20, 1838
Oct. 1845
July
1852
March 22, 1S11
Dec. 1, 183S
Oct. . 1852
March 23, 1839
Feb. 1851
May 6, 1840
Sept. 26, 1814
Aug.
June
1848
1846
Nov. 30, 1838
Sept. 1851
March 15, 1S53
Oct. 21, 1839
Nov. 6, 1838
Capital.
> 100.000
loo. I
loi ,.1100
100.000
f, I HUH III
'360,006
166.666
300,000
200,000
"160,060
100,000
100.000
l,b'66,'666
200,000
200.000
300,000
'166,666
"260,006
150,000
Feb.
Tnly
Aug.
Dec.
1847
1847
1848
4,1839
Jan.
1,1844
Jan. 1.1-:, l
Uaron 12,1813
Dec.
Nov.
29.iv,:.
1855
Oct.
1848
Dec.
1843
Oct.
1,1847
Juno
March
l«;,n
80, 1888
9,1839
^i u •■ ^
ft* S 2 od g 3
104,000
100,000
2,000,000
loo. I
100,000
150.000
600,000
500.000
Par
100,000
6ob,'66o
1 00.000
Par
Par
Par ,
Par ,
Par
Par
Par
Par
S. E. 63.
Par ,
Par
Remarks.
S. 81, S. E. 65
Par
S.Par,S.E.94
Par
S. 42
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
Par
rar
S. E. 73..
Par
Closing. Red. until July 16, 1864,
Failed Nov. 4, 1854
Charter expired July 1. 1855.
Charter repealed May 15, 1837.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 12, 1863
Closing. Red. until Oct. 24, 1S61
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Feb. 27, 1S61
Charter expired Jan. 1, 1858.
Closed.
/ Merged in The Traders' Bank
t of Rochester June, 1859.
Closing. Red. until Sept. 23, 1861.
Failed.
/ Changed to Manufacturers'
\ Bank of Brooklyn, 1S58.
Closed 1844.
Closing. Red. until Oct. 17, 1861.
Closed.
Closed.
Failed 1840.
Closing. Red. until May 30, 1862.
("Failed March 1854. Red. at
^ Bauk Dept. at 77 until Sept.
( 28, 1860.
Failed 1829.
Failed 1S40.
Closing.
Failed.
Closing. Red. until April 1, 1862
(Merged in Phcenix Bank Feb
21, 1817. Incorp. June 15,
1812, for manufacturing
cards and wire.
Closed 1840.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 16, 1864,
Closing. Red. until July 19. 1862.
f Closing. Red. at New Y'ork
1 State Bank. Albany.
/Closing. Red. at New York
\ State Bank, Albany.
Removed to Lockport May 13,
1859, and name changed to
Lockport City Bank.
Closed 1841.
Failed.
Closing. Red. nntfl Nov. 1,1860
Closing. Red. until March 1, 1862
Closing. Red. until Oct. 13, 1S62
/Failed. Red. at Albany City
( Bank.
Closed.
Charter expired Jan. 1. IS'iC.
Allowed to establish Branch
atUticaAprillo. 1816, and this
continued until charter ex
pired as Ontario Branch Bauk
of Ctica.
Failed, E. A. Wetmorc, receiver.
Failed March, 1858. Red. at
Union Bank, Albany, until
Aug. 11. 1864.
Closing. (1854.) Red. until Sept.
5. I860.
/ Changed to Lyons Bank Ma rch
1 31, 1857.
Closed. Red. by A. D. Patcbin
until Feb. 28, 1862.
Closed.
Failed. Red. until Sept. 2. 1868.
Failed April 1858. Reorganized
as Stissing Bank.
Removed from Tonawanda, Sept. 24, 1857.
CORPORATIONS.
09
Savings Banks are institutions intended to receive in trust small sums of money, generally
the surplus earnings of the laboring classes, and to return the same with moderate interest at a future
time. They are banks of deposit only ; their officers serve without pay, and the money received
on deposit can be invested only in mortgages upon real estate, public stocks, or such other securities
Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued.
Name.
Powell Bank
*I»ratt Bank of Buffalo
Prattsville Bank
Putnam County Bank.
Putnam Valley Bank.
(Queen City Bank
Reciprocity Bank
Sackets Harbor Bank
St. Lawrence Bank
State Bank of New York...
Silver Lake Bank of Genesee
*State Bank at Sackets \
Harbor J
*State Bank at Saugerties..
Staten Island Bank
uffilk Bank
Sullivan County Bank
Tenth Ward Bank
Troy Exchange Bank
Union Bank at Buffalo
United States Bk. at Buffalo
Valley Bank of Boonville...
Valley Bank of Lowville...
Village Bank
*VValter Joy's Bank.
Warren County Bank..
Washington Bank in
City of New York ....
Watervliet Bank
the
Wayne County Bank
♦White Plains Bank
Western Bank of Suffolk
County
Williamsburgh Bank
Willoughby Bank
Wool Growers' Bank of the
State of New York
Yates County Bank
Location.
fe-ps
d<ii-;
Newburgh .
Buffalo
Prattsville
Farmers' Mills .
Putnam Valley.
Buffalo
Buffalo
Buffalo..
Ogdensburgh .
Buffalo
Perry
Sackets Harbor...
Saugerties
Port Richmond.
New York
Monticello
New York
Troy
Buffalo
Buffalo
Boonville
Lowville.,
Randolph.
Buffalo
Johnsburgh.
New York..
West Troy .
Palmyra.
Naples....
S. Huntington...
Williamsburgh.
Brooklyn
New York.
Penn Yan..
A.
I.
I.
A.
I.
I.
C.
C.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
A.
A.
I.
A.
A.
A.
A.
I.
I.
I.
I.
A.
C.
C.
I.
I.
A.
A.
A.
C.
Date of charter
or her/inning
of business.
Dec.
Oct.
27, 1838
1847
Aug. 1843
Nov. 22, 1848
May, 1849
Sept. 1853
March 6, 1857
April, 28, 1S34
Jan. 8, 1839
Oct. 15, 1839
Jan. 5, 1839
May,
April,
Oct.
July
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Oct.
Dec.
1852
1847
29, 1838
1, 1852
1850
1, 1838
1, 1838
10, 1839
13, 1838
Aug.
June,
Feb.
Dec.
July
May
April
June,
June,
Jan.
Nov.
Jan.
April
1851
1848
1848
1845
18, 1839
21, 1836
30. 1829
1844
1850
12, 1839
1, 1839
12, 1839
2, 1831
Capital.
$130,000
1, ,11.0110
206,606
200,000
100,000
100.000
100,000
100.000
100,000
166,066
100.0110
100.000
100,000
125,000
250,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
100.000
100,000
, "'So
£25-3 I
v I* 1 O
. >■ 8 I5S
„» I. fil »
fti '-a :§ 3 S 8
Par
94...
Par
Par
Par
Par
S.32, S. E. 50
S. 31
Par
Par
S. E. 56.,
Par
Par
S. 94
S. 81
S. E. 77.
Par
Par ,
Par
Par
Par
G5, 35, & Par.
Par ,
Par
Par
Par
Par
Remarks.
Closing. Red. its own notes.
Failed Feb. 1858. Red. at Bank
Dept. at 94.
Closing. Red. until Dec. 15, 1860.
Closing. Red. by David Kent
until Oct. 1863.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Feb. 10, 1863.
Changed from Sackets Harbor
Bank March 6, 1851. Failed.
Receiver app. Aug. 27, 1857.
Removed from Sackets Harbor
March 25, 1852. Changed to
Reciprocity Bank 1857.
Failed Dec. 3, 1841.
Failed.
("Failed Nov. 1, 1856. Red. at
■< Union Bank, Albany, until
( Nov. 11, 1862.
Closing.
Failed.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until Aug. 21, 1860.
Failed 1840.
Failed.
Failed.
Closing. Red. by E. N. Merriam,
of Ogdensbursh, until March
20, 1863.
Removed to Boonville. See
above.
Closing. Red. until June 3, 1859.
Failed 1850. Red. at Mechanics
& Farmers' Bank, Albany.
Closing. Red. until Nov. 12, 1S59.
Failed 1843.
Failed. (See Comp. Rep. 1848, p.
77.
Closed.
Closing.
Closing. Red. until June 17, 1S62
Closed.
Closed 1840.
Closed 1841.
Failed 1848. (See Comp. Rep
1849, p. 35.)
Savings Banks in the State, Jan. 1, 1859.
Name.
Albany City Savings Institution
Albany Exchange Savings Bank
Albany Savings Bank
Auburn Savings Institution
Bank for Savings in the City of New York
Bloomingdale Savings Bank
Bowery Savings Bank
Broadway Savings Institution
Brockport Savings Bank
Brooklyn Savings Bank
Buffalo Savings Bank
Central City Savings Institution
Central Savings Bank of Troy
Cohoes Savings Institution
Commercial Savings Bank of Troy
Dry Dock Savings Institution
East River Savings Institution
Elmira Savings Bank
Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank
7
Location.
Albany
Albany
Albany.. ..
Auburn....
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Brockport .
Brooklyn...
Buffalo
Utisa
Troy
Cohoes
Troy
New York.
New York.
Elmira
New York.
Date of
incorporation.
March
April
March
March
March
April
May
June
July
April
May
June
April
April
April
April
29. 1850
18, 1856
24, 1820
12. 1849
26, 1819
17, 1854
1, 1834
2o. ls.il
IS, 1853
7, 1827
9, 1846
20, 1851
15, 1857
11, 1851
12, 1855
12, 1S48
April
April
17, 1854
10, 1S50
Amount
due.
depositors.
% 168,181
27.987
998,924
71,235
8.701,923
56.300
7,818.143
841.346
2.439
2,660.981
872,681
28.431
25.712
34.734
60.031
1,118,876
785,782
1.973
1.628,754
Resources.
I 168.181
27,987
1,049.804
71,415
9,259.996
57,599
8,274.445
872.967
2.511
2,816,S17
924.863
30,638
25,712
31.734
60,031
1,169.401
829,569
2,107
1,695,951
100
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
as may be approved by law. They, can be organized by special act of the Legislature, and their
charters are perpetual. The total number of savings institutions incorp. prior to 1859 was 75, of
which 57 reported their statistics in 1858. They are placed under the care of the Superintendent
of the Banking Department, who has general powers for the protection of the interests of deposi-
tors, and is required to report their condition annually to the Legislature. Most of these institu-
tions bear names closely resembling those of banks of discount and circulation, and are kept in
the same building and have the same persons as officers of both. 1
Class IV includes those whose certificates are filed in the County Clerks' offices. Most of the
corporations already described are required to file their articles in the clerk's office of their respect-
ive counties, in addition to depositing them in the departments of the State Government.
•• An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Religious Societies" was passed April 6,
1784.'
" An Act authorizing the Incorporation of Rural Cemetery Associations 77 was passed
April 27, 1847.
"An Act to provide for Reincorporation of Villages 77 was passed Dec. 7, 1847. s
Savings Batiks, continued.
Name.
Emigrant Savings Bank of Buffalo
Krie County Savings Rank
FishkHI Savings Institute
wich Savings Bank
D (Sty Savings Institution
ition for the Savings of Merchants' Clerks..
Irving Savings Institution
Manhattan Savings Institution
Manufacturers' Savings Bank of Troy
Mariners 5 Savings Institution
Mechanics & Farmers' Savings Bank of Albany...
Mechanics & Traders' Savings Institution
Monroe County Savings Institution
Mutual Savings Bank of Troy
lurgh Savings Bank
Niagara County Savings Bank
Onondaga County Savings Bank
I'oughkecpsie Savings Bank
. -avings Bank
Rome Savings Bank
Rose Hill Savings Bank
s Bank of Ctica
t i'ly Savings Bank
n's Bank for Savings
- !i_- Sa vines Bank
- ring! 1: nk of .Albany
Sixpenny Savings Hank of the City of New York
.-' nth Brooklyn Savings Institute
Bank
l: i;ik '.f Troy
• .in-.-s Bank
Bank
institution
1 "• ink .if Albany
• - nnty Sayings itank
Hank
Wflliamsburgb Savings Hank
Tonk' • Hank
Location.
Buffalo
Buffalo
Fishkill
New York
Hudson
New York
New York
New York
Troy
New York
Albany
New York
Rochester
Troy :...
Newburgh
Lockport
Syracuse
Poughkeepsie,
Rochester
Rome
New York.
Utica
Schenectady ..
New York.
Sing Sing
Albany
New York.
Brooklyn
Southo'ld
Troy
Syracuse
Tmy
Kingston
I Ibany
Tarry town
Buffalo
Brooklyn
Yonkers.
Date of
incorporation.
April
April
Feb.
April
April
April
July
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
April
June
April
April
April
Jan.
March
April
Juno
April
April
April
March
April
April
April
July
July
April
April
17, 1858
10, 1S54
25, 1857
24, 1833
4, 1850
12, 1848
1, 1S51
To. lS.-n)
15, 1857
16, 1852
12. 1855
16, 1S52
8, 1S50
15, 1857
13, 1852
10, 1851
10, 1855
16, 1836
21, 1S31
30, 1S51
17. 1*54
26, 1839
29, 1834
31, 1829
9, 1854
17. 1864
4, 1853
10. 1850
7, 1858
18, 1858
30, 1849
23, 182.3
18, 1851
18, 1864
21, is:.:!
9, 1851
0. ls.M
3, 1854
Amount
due
depositors.
$ 5,490
542,641
21,497
3,528.S51
44,010
1,509,889
719.498
1,782,067
51,988
419,689
179,049
361,612
256,679
23,637
91,188
1,569
129,601
247.505
1,371,911
33,621
71,854
334.262
211,886
7,349,474
35.410
10.601
112,361
522.350
6,970
47.479
2.-.7.5s(l
634,904
62,435
15.1 ST
lu::.7:u
77.048
1.0M-..SS2
47,405
Resources.
% 4,218
549,722
21,705
3,678,180
45,206
1,529:810
736,323
1,839,785
51,088
430,141
179,049
372.417
2511.341
23,637
92,993
1,636
130.202
263,619
1,476.425
36,289
72.2S5
36S,499
227,559
7,825,443
35,711
meoi
113:548
538,0(4
7.001
47,479
2.".s,619
671,716
68,822
15.187
108.729
77,048
1,119,001
48,009
' Th<> first - Lin 1804, and
the fir-t In I k In 1819, undor the auspices of tho " So-
I for Prei ■• rism." A public meeting was
I bo plan d pproved Nov. 2a, IslU. Th"
its «• r- made July 3, 1819, and re received
the! , in sums of from $2 to j
ted by 1,627 persons,
and i lib brawn On to 1851
bad been intrusted to the cars of this Institution, — f-nnmon
:n Albany was established in I
in Troy, in 1828; in Brooklyn, In 1827 j and in Buffalo, In 1830.
",f ii,.— | originally required t i report to the
la tore; but their returns m published. Under
tin act of March 20, lva7, they US required to report to the
Superintendent of the Banking Department. Sixteen savings
banks have 1 ••• n incorp. that never organized. Only two of
ih.. wh.ib- iiumhiT < -hart'ivd have ever failed. The " Knicker-
bocker Savings Institution," of N. Y., incorp. April X, 1S51,
fail... I and went into tho bands of a receiver in 1854; and lb"
• ■nny Savings Bank of Rochester," incorp. July 13, 1854,
faibd.
- Tins art was amended, so far as it related to tho Rof. Prot.
D. Societies, March 7, 1788. Other amendments were made in
1801, 1818) and 1828. For statistics see p. 139.
* Previous to this act. villages were incorp. by special acts of
the 1 iro, and tho articles were filed in the State Depart-
ment : Imt -in.e, the filing of articles has become a mere local
affair; and it is extremely difliciilt to obtain a complete list of
the incorporated villages of the State.
AGRICULTURE.
The climate of the State is adapted to the cultivation of most of the crops and fruits of the
temperate zone. The improved lands comprise a little more than one-half of the entire area of the
State, and of these 37 per cent, is devoted to pasturage and 25 per cent, is occupied by meadow-
lands. The principal crops, in the order of relative amount, are oats, corn, wheat, buckwheat, rye,
and barley, together occupying 37 per cent, of the cultivated lands, — leaving 1 per cent, for
the minor crops and gardens. The northern cos. of the State and the highland regions along the
s. border and upon the Hudson are much better adapted to pasturage than tillage ; and the people
in these sections are almost exclusively engaged in stock and sheep raising and in dairying.
Little more grain is raised than is strictly necessary for a proper rotation of crops ; and the greater
part of the grain for home consumption is imported from other sections of the country. The low
lands that surround the great lakes and occupy the greater portion of the surface in the w. part of
the State are best adapted to grain growing. Several sections of the State are found peculiarly
adapted to particular products. The Mohawk Valley intervales have been long almost exclusively
devoted to the cultivation of broom corn. The Chemung Valley, parts of Onondaga co. and
several other sections are becoming known as tobacco raising districts. Hops are extensively
cultivated in Madison, Oneida, Otsego, and Schoharie cos. The Hudson Valley below the High-
lands, the n. shore of Long Island, and the s. extremity of several of the lake valleys in the cen-
tral portion of the State are well adapted to the culture of grapes. Maple sugar is largely pro-
duced in the northern cos. and in the central highland districts. Upon Long Island and in West-
chester large sections are devoted to the cultivation of vegetables for the New York market. The
people of Orange, Rockland, Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess cos. are largely engaged in fur-
nishing the city of New York with milk. 1
Tlie New York. State Agricultural Society was formed by a convention held at Al-
bany in Feb. 1832 ; but for several years it received no support from the State and held no regular
fairs. In 1841 the society was re-organized, and measures were adopted for raising funds and hold-
ing annual fairs. On May 5 of that year, an act was passed by the Legislature, appropriating $8,000
for the encouragement of agriculture, $700 of which was to go to the State Society, and the re-
mainder was to be divided among the co. societies in the ratio of Assembly representation. This
appropriation has been continued until the present time. The society is required annually to re-
port to the Legislature a full account of its proceedings, and such facts concerning the agricul-
tural condition of the State as may be of general interest. The volumes of Transactions are
published by the State, and are widely distributed among the farming population. The annual
fairs are held in different parts of the State, and are largely attended. 2 They usually succeed in
1 Hay is most largely produced in St. Lawrence, Oneida, Che-
nango, Otsego, Chautauqua, Delaware, and Orange counties;
wheat, in Livingston, Monroe, Genesee, Niagara,Ontario, and .Jef-
ferson counties ; oats, in Onondaga, Montgomery, Oneida, Cayuga,
and Otsego; rye, in Columbia, Rensselaer, Ulster, Orange,
Albany, Saratoga, and Washington; barley, in Jefferson, Onon-
daga, Ontario, Cayuga, and Wayne; buckwheat, in Schoharie,
Montgomery, Otsego, Saratoga, and Tioga; corn, in Onondaga.
Cayuga, Monroe. Wayne, Oneida, and Ontario ; and potatoes, in
Washington, Monroe, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Rensselaer, and
■Franklin. The counties having the greatest number of cows
are St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Oneida, Orange, Chenango, Her-
kimer, and Chautauqua; and the greatest number of Bheep,
Ontario, Livingston, Steuben, Cayuga, Washington, Wyoming,
Monroe, and Genesee. The counties that produce the greatest
quantity of butter are St. Lawrence, Delaware, Chenango, Jef-
ferson, Chautauqua, Orange, and Otsego; and the greatest
amount of cheese, Herkimer. Oneida, Jeffersou, Madison, Erie,
Cattaraugus. St. Lawrence, and Otsego.
2 The earliest agricultural exhibition on record within the
present limits of the State was a cattle fair, held at New Am-
sterdam, Oct. 15. 1041. An act passed Nov.' 11, 1692, entitled
"An act for settling fairs and markets in each respective city
and co. throughout this province," remained in force until re-
pealed by the State Legislature. March 12, 1788. A special act
was passed for the fairs of Albany, Cumberland, and Tryon cos.,
March 8. 1773, but scarcely took effect before the Revolution.
Acts applying to particular towns were passed by the earlier
State Legislatures; but the custom ofholding fairs soon fell into
disuse. These fairs were more properly market days ; no pre-
miums were offered, and no inducements to competition existed
beyond the ordinary stimulus of trade. The products of farm
culture being placed side by side, their comparative excellence
was left to the decision of the purchaser, which doubtless contri-
buted to excite emulation among the producers. These fairs
were generally held semi-annually, upon fixed days, under the
direction of "Governors and Rulers," appointed in colonial
times by the Governor, and afterward by the judges of the co.
courts. The expenses were defrayed by tolls, usually 1 per
cent., upon the commodities sold, half of which was paid by the
buyer and half by the seller.
The Socio! y for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manu-
factures was instituted Feb. 2ti, 1791, and incorp. March 12.
1793. For more efficient action, it in 1801 divided the State into
as many agricultural districts as there were cos., in each of
which a secretary was appointed, to convene the members of the
society within his district, inquire into the state of agriculture
and manufactures, receive communications and arrange and
transmit them to the President of the Bociety. The transactions
of this body were printed by the Mate, and the society numbered
among its members nearly every person of eminence throughout
the State. Its charter expired in 1804; and its corporate powers
were revived and continued April 2 of that year, under the
name of the Society for the Promotion of the Useful Arts. The
affairs of the new body were managed bj a council of 9 members,
and State patronage was continued in the printing of its Trans-
actions. In 1S0S-12 liberal premiums were offered for the 1 si
cloths of household manufacture, a part of which were award, d
by the co. judge and a part by this society. The samples, up. :i
which $10,000 wer.' thus paid, ate still preserved In the library
of the Albany Institute. After being once extended, the So
for Promoting Agricultural Arts was superseded, in part, by a
Board of Agriculture, but continued as a load institution of
Albany until merged, with the "Albany Lyceum of .Natural His-
tory." 'in the -All any Institute," in 1829. The latter has most
of the books, papers, and eii", ct- of its predecessors; and tracing
back through its change it is the oldest scientific society in the
State. •■ Au act to improve the agriculture of this State,"
101
102
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
awakening a great local interest in agricultural matters. The office of the society is kept at the
Agricultural Rooms, corner of State and Lodge Sts., Albany, where it has a museum and library.
County and Town Societies. — The act of 1853 allows county agricultural societies to
purchase and hold real estate to an amount not exceeding $25,000 and personal property not ex-
ceeding $1,000, for the purposes set forth in their articles of incorporation, and for no other pur-
poses. Town and other societies may hold real estate to the amount of $10,000 and personal
property to the amount of $3,000. Each county or union society must have at least one director
or manager for each town ; and each town, village, or city society must have not less than 10
directors, who are elected annually by ballot. Upon application of two-thirds of their members to
the Supreme Court of the district in which they are located, these societies may obtain an order
for the sale of a part or the whole of their property. An amendment to the act was passed April
13, 1855, by the provisions of which the number of directors was changed to 6, 2 of whom are
elected each year for a term of three years. Any person may become a life member by the pay-
ment of a sum not exceeding $10; and the officers are jointly and severally liable for all debts
due from the society contracted while they are in office, if suit be commenced within one year
passed April 7. 1819. created a board of agriculture and appro-
priated £10,000 annually for 2 years, to be distributed for the pro-
motion of agriculture and family domestic manufactures in the
several cos.,on condition that a similar sum should be subscribed
by the co. societies formed under this act. A board, formed of
th- president, or a delegate civ sen from each co. society, met
annually at Albany, elected officers, examined reports, and
.selected for publication such returns as they deemed proper,
re published by the State. Three volumes of Memoirs
were issued, nnrl the board continued in existence but little longer
than the appropriation was continued. County societies, on
the plan of the Berkshire Co. Agricultural Society, began to be
formed in 1817 : and. by the exertions of Do Witt Clinton. El-
kanah Watson, and other friends of the measure, they were
ded to most of the cos. These societies, after a brief
period, fill Into disuse; and that of Jefferson co. is the only
one of this class that can trace an unbroken descent from that
period.
The first officers of the present State Agricultural Society,
formed in 1832, were L-- Kay do Chaumont, President; E. P.
Livingston, Jacob M rris, and Robert L. Kose. T7c<! Presidents;
P. S. Van Rensselaer, Recording Secretary; Jesse Buel, Corre-
sponding Secretary ; Charles K. Webster, Treasurer; and H. W.
Delavan, John Townsend. and II. Hickox, Executive Committee.
ietieswere again instituted in many of the cos. under
th~ influence of this society; but most of them were short lived.
"Cultivator" was begun j n March, 1834, by Jesse Buel,
under the guarantee of Stephen Van Rensselaer and James
worth, as the organ of the society and medium of commu-
nication between the friends of agriculture; and it has been con-
tinued ever since, under private auspices, but entirely devoted
to tli" nit. rests ofagriculture. It has for many years been pub-
bj bother Tucker, of Albany.
Any person a citizen of the State may become a member of
the 81 upon payment of Jl annually, or a life mem-
ber by payment •■( (10 at one time. Presidents of co. societies
and nnc deli gate from eai b are ex officio members. The officers
of the society are elected annually in Feb., and consist of a
President, one Vice President from each of the Judicial Districts,
a Recording and a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, and an
Executive Committee, consisting of the above and 5 others
chosen for the purpose.
Premiums are awarded in money, plate, medals, books, and
diplomas ; and the society embraces within the field of its patron-
age not only stock, farm, and garden products and implements
of husbandly, but a wide range of useful and ornamental manu-
factures, particularly those which are the products of home in-
dustry. The places and times of holding the State fairs, names
of Presidents, and total receipts of the State society have been
as follows : —
1S41
1842
1843
1844
1845
W-
1^47
1S48
1849
1850
1S51
1852
1S53
1854
1S55
1S56
is."
1858
1S59
Place of
holding fair.
Syracuse
Albany
Rochester
Poughkeepsie..
Utica
Auburn
Saratoga Sp'gs
Buffalo
Syracuse
Albany T
Rochester
Utica
Saratoga Sp'gs
New York
Elmira
Time of
holding fair.
Watertown.,
Buffalo
Syracuse ....
Albany
Sept. 29, 30
Sept. 27, 29
Sept. 20. 22
Sept. 18, 19
Sept. 17. 19
Sept. 15, 17
Sept. 14, 10
Sept. 5, 7
Sept. 11, 13
Sept. 3, 6
Sept. 16, 19
Sept. 7, 10
Sept. 20, 23
Oct. 3, 6
Oct. 2, 5
f Sept. 30, 1
1 Oct. 3/
Oct. 6, 9
Oct. 5, 8
Oct. 4, 7
Presidents.
Joel B. Nott
Jas. S. Wadsworth
Jas. S. Wadsworth
J. B. Beekman
B. P. Johnston-
J. M. Sherwood..-.
George Vail
Lewis F. Allen
John A. King
Ezra P. Prentice...
John Dolafit-ld
Henry Wager
Lewis G. Morris.-.
William Kelly
Samuel Cheever...
Theod're S. Faxton
Alonzo S. Upham.
Wm. T. McCoun...
A. B. Cruger
Receipts.
(Free.)
il.2'.'i;.in
:;. urn
3,650.00
4.370.18
4,333.17
4,034.22
6,272.86
8,144.55
10.4C5.61
11,956.25
8,125.41
r..M( :i.:i(i
9,248.70
11,527.25
8,010.00
15.073.89
1H.M.-..M
Town and Union Agricultural Societies.
' I'T County Societies see p. 103.)
Name.
cultural Society
'ilmr.tl .-■- lety
ricultural .v Mechanical Society,
ua Farmers' A Mechanics' Onion at
Fr<-d'inn
rirnitiir.il. Horticultural, A M> -
chai
Cnr iltiiml A Hoiticultn-
lety
rricultural Kociety
: 1 1 r _- > i . Adams, A Uei tenon Agricultural
lety
Farm-r-' Hub, of I i
oovia
Farmers' A Mechanics' Am dal net .
: Agricultural Societj
Qorhao Agricultural - I
Qvuvemeur Agricultural A Mechanl
Hamilton Agricultural A llurtii-ultiinil Associa-
• t .f
EUrpersfleld Cninn Agricultural Society
Ilartland Agricultural
HarDeihrfflls Agricultural Society
/>,,/. of
organization.
Jan.
March
8, 1867
5,1850
Name.
March 10, 1858
March 14, 1859
13, 1856
May
Sept
Oct.
March
JAug.
!>• ft
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
I
April
March
4,1858
19, 1867
23, 1867
16, 1861
I
B, 1868
12, I860
:;. 1 B67
9, 1859
2, I-:.'
8L I860
Ji-flVrpini Agricultural Society. Schoharie Co
Lebanon Agricultural Society
I n Agricultural Society
it II Agricultural Society, of
Nelson Fanners A Mechanics'Ass elation
Oswego City Agricultural Society
Otsellc, Pitcher, Pharsalia, & Lincklaen Agricul-
tural Society
Ruibville Onion Agricultural Society
St. Lawrence Internationa] Agricultural .t
Hi i in, hi. id Socli ty, ' igdensburgh
Sandy Creek, Rli bland, Orwell, A; Boylston Agri-
cultural Society
rfleld A Marshal] Town Agricultural So-
ciety
Bomi ' oltural Society
Susquehanna Valley Agricultural & Horticul-
tural BOI li ty '.
Onion Agrli oltural Society, (Broome and Dela-
i
n Agricultural Society, of Palmyra
Virgil Agricultural Society
Wilson A '--ricultural Society
Winfleld Onion Agricultural Society
v. oy Agricultural Society, Genesee Falls,
1'ike, A Eagle
Date of
organization.
Feb.
Aug.
Sept.
Aug.
.hi in-
li:;. 1S1.S
19, 1856
15. lsr.C,
22, 1857
:.. IV,,-
March 19, 1S59
June
Feb.
27,1857
9. IS.',.",
June 21, 1S5G
March 20, 1859
Nov.
Jan.
10. 1857
27. 1S57
April 4, 1857
March
June
lib.
June
April
21. 1S.V.1
26, 1856
26, 1857
10. 1859
18, 1859
Dec. 6, 1855
AGRICULTURE.
in:;
of the time when due. Each society funned under these acts is obliged to report annually to the
State Society. 1
An examination of the returns of the census of 1855 shows that Cattaraugus excels all other
counties in the production of millet ; Columbia in pears, rye, garden seeds, and onions ; Dutchess
in plums and quinces, and in number of swine ; Herkimer in cheese ; Jefferson in spring wheat
and barley ; Livingston in fallow lands, in winter wheat, and in wool ; Monroe in value of farms
and nurseries; Montgomery in lint ; Oneida in value of stock and amount of apples and honey;
Onondaga in acres plowed and quantity of oats, corn, tobacco, and cider ; Ontario in sheep ;
Orange in milk ; Orleans in beans ; Otsego in hops and in domestic linen ; Queens in garden seeds
and strawberries ; Rensselaer in flaxseed ; St. Lawrence in pasture and meadow lands, quantity of
peas, sugar and butter, number of horses and cows, and yards of fulled cloth, flannel and other
1 Summary of County Agricultural Societies.
(For Town and Union Societies see p. 102.)
Counties.
Albany a
Allegany.
Broome
Cattaraugus .
Cayuga
Chautauqua...
Chemung..
Chenango..
Clinton.
Columbia..
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fult. & Ham...
Genesee
Greene
Herkimer
Jeff arson
Lewis
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery ..
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer
Richmond.
Rockland
St. Lawrence..
Saratoga
Schenectady.
Schoharie
Scliuyler ,
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk.
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington..,
Wayne
Westchester.
Wyoming
Tales ,
Date of present
organization.
Aug. 9, 1853
April 27, 1858
Jan. 28, 1855
June 21, 1856
1S36
1851
1845
March 8,1856
Oct.
July,
Oct.
June
Dec.
July
Oct.
May
Oct.
Sept.
Dec.
June
Feb.
March
Oct.
Dec.
April,
Jan.
May
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Nov.
Jan.
June
June
June
Oct.
March
Jan.
June
Nov.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
March
Aug.
1838
1841
16, 1841
2, 1856
1850
30, 1856
18, 1838
26. 1857
11, 1856
4, 1841
7, 1854
1841
30. 1855
8, 1856
19. 1856
13, 1841
2, 1858
1841
25, 1856
18, 1854
1841
17. 1856
27, 1855
22, 1856
1851
30. 1857
7, 1855
29, 1844
21, 1856
24, 1841
26, 1841
14, 1855
24, 1856
22, 1853
9, 1847
11, 1855
8, 1858
7, 1858
5, 1857
4, 1841
First President.
James W. Jolly..,
P. Ten Broeck..
II. Howland
T. B. Campbell.,
Simeon L. Rood..
Abram Perlee....
E. Livingston
W. Bewry
Samuel A. Law...
Henry Staats
Lewis V. Allen....
W. C. Watson
S. Lawrence
Elias Prindle
T. C Peters
Lewis Sherrill
A. Loomis
J.D.LeRay
E. Merriam
Aaron Barber
.I.D. Ledyard
Willard Hodges..
T.J.VanDeville.
Pomeroy Jones...
Wm.Hiidreth
T. C. Bailey..
D. H. Little
T. B. Arden
E. Lawrence...
Jos. Hastings-
May 5, 185
July 20, 1856
Jan. 13, 1855
Abrams Stevens.
II . Van Rensselaer
II. Gardner ,
First Secretary.
Joseph Warren....
D. R. Wheeler
Win. Richardson.
A. J. Wynkoop.
A. Sanford
Jas. M. Oifford.,
D. McFarland....
Geo. Kneeland...
Warren Bryant..
R. S. Hale
Harry S. House..
T. S. Persse
C. P. Turner
II. L.Day
Aaron Petrle
E. Ten Eyck
Jos. Kershner....
A. S. Sloan
D. D. T. Moore...
John Frey
B. P.Johnston.,
J. S. Bates .
Hiram Goff..
Chas. McLean....
Hugh C. Wilson.
A. G. Corll
Luther D. Eddy.,
Present place
of holding
annual fair.
Albany.
Little Valley.
Auburn
Migratory..
Horseheads..
Norwich
/Chatham 4 1
\ Corners ....J
Wash. Hollow..
Buffalo ,
Elizabethtown.
Malone ,
Johnstown
Batavia.
llion
Watertown
f Turin and
\ Lowville.
Geneseo
Morrisville
Brighton
Fonda.
Utica and Rome.
Syracuse.
Canandaigua
Albion .
Cooperstown .
Wm. C. Bouck ....
G. Denniston.
Lotan Smith ...
Henry Corgell.
Peter dispell
B. C. Butler
Henry Holmes ...
f De Witt C. 1
I VanSlyck../
Jas. C. Ferris
John Hatmaker.,
N. C. Blauvelt...
Henry G. Foote..
John A. Corey...,
Ralph Brewster.
George S. Ellas...
J. 0. Dunning..
Wm. Smythe...
C. H. Skillman ...
Asa Fitch, Jr
P. P. Bradish
L. W. Thayer
Darius A. Ogden.
Lansingburgh..
New City.
Canton.
Mechauicsville.
sj ^ g
s.. -*. ■«■»
s. g
lit
555,500
2,000
per
aim.
1,836
13,000
11,625
10,000
6,215
10,800
7,050
2,368
10,113
30,000
12,000
20,836
6,500
8,635
9,590
30,385
Fair Grounds.
■sfj a
1859
1856
5 b
sj a
1856
1858
1856
1851
1853
1854-5
1857
Bath.,
Monticello.
Owego.
6
Luzerne.
Lyons .
Warsaw....
Penn Van.
6.120
4,239
4,350
6.520
1857
1*54
lo
l',i
12
10
3i
c-g
no 3
Leased.
$2,850
Leased.
2,000
Leased.
Leased.
1,000
Leased.
1,600
Leased.
3,500
4,000
2,461
1,600
Leased.
2,500
,T 3
$5,850
1,000
6,400
6,500
2,100
1,400
1,000
4,000
15,926,95
13,160
3,350
° Societies in italics were organized under acts of 1853 and
1855. Most of them had been in existence many years under
a previous organization.
* Fairs in the town that will give most to pay expenses.
« Fairs held alternately in different parts of the county, and
generally at the place that contributes most toward expenses.
<* Fair held alternately at Jamaica, Flushing, and Hempstead.
Receipts the first 10 years, '?3;032.
104
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
domestic cloths ; Schenectady in broom corn ; Schoharie in buckwheat, and about equal with Mont-
gomery in clover; Washington in potatoes ; and Wayne in peaches and dried fruits.
In connection with the table of agricultural products, it should be remembered that these
Agricultural Products of the several Counties in the State
Counties.
Albany
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus...
Cayuga
« hautauqua...
Chemung
Cb'-nnngo
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
V.i i'-
Franklin
Fulton
•
Ore ii"
Hamilton
Herkimer
•n
Kings
I.' -w i J
Livingston....
n
Monroe
Montgomery-
New 1'ork
i ,
Oni Ha
Onond •
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Putnam
Queens
I ler
Richmond
Rockland
rence
-
Schom
irio
Schuyler
St4 ubcn
Suffolk
Bulliran
Tompkins
Ulster
i
Wayne
I >1
S
g
s
i
7.424
11,927]
21,721
193,729]
66,249]
63,754
4,560]
2.138J
7,972i
4,696]
9554
54,4704
23S.S12}
2,484
1,353}
3.6444
760,461
7,346
6
5,9044
:
18.086
3,845]
1.094.779
29,320]
810,363
23,9044
30
5S0.911
20,4391
97,058}
528,488
43.363]
? i I
12.596
5.1 78
8,550|
402.169]
1 1 -•: \
5,165]
18.645
80 131]
161,721
151,520]
1,472]
' • •
1.212
.a
I
.3
6,927]
56,422]
8,1214
57.278]
2T.327
78.6364
18,624
2n.2«r,.;
57.1725
587]
24.361
8,53S}
250
46.913
44.0094
69.5594
7.5004
11.154
3,175]
'245
3S.149
428,672f
7,;i.' ; V|Vi"
18.025
5^.777
2.620
iv07s;
"5,386"
41,8834
85,1 18
27.059
32
2,208
44.3004
63 146]
""is"
13,383]
575
6
295.41 !
8,074
6,377]
28,074}
11,379
B2.014
1294
2,687
i .i •:
"fe.
a
.5
54.5794
64,637|
53,685
62,546}
57,732
105.672
24,941
117.370}
48,241
65,103
5'p.7i;r^
103.8964
83.8784
98.0114
39,139}
37.5944
33.903
41.39S}
58.5244
4.274
78,254}
98.575
r.l-.;
51.802
30.1 87-J
68,263]
58.738}
44,532]
157
41.1174
124,9334
63,246]
42.4481
103,211]
34,620J
58,138
108,069}
27,756]
51.395
58.557}
7,032
1 l B28
139 WO
52,743]
16,185]
48,774}
17,996]
20,87
58 Ti-
ll.:. 16]
40,716]
38.143]
45,271]
90.491 |
58.421]
3.256,948f
495.1774
665.400
466.S704
697,6704
956.636
530,705
473,460
564.242
276.0804
543.031
3S2.7S6
416.6594
626.347
724.7474
234.946
144.617
355,855
299,809
160,9074
16.701
724,585
456.230}
11. 070
295.4 If..}
261,990
571.637
792.370
997,605
435
353.308
975.81 II 14
1,015,2274
525.9374
291,111
229.731
535,432]
903.647
66,922
199,513
558.377
15.00i;
2S.1CS
437,041
744,220
293,768
1 10,0634.
867,247
556,238
711,807
262,067]
109 B83
452.978
812,883
27-.' 5
120,347
798,821
B75.624]
204,759
406,837
LI 1,467]
27 ."15,296
Ki
186,567
2.S34
20.546
2,3734
6,331}
2,808
3.:,:,s
14,329
13.073
445.036
4,172
50.5274
230.063
24.0794
13.3574
20.1014
22,3834
1.140
72,232
277
17.5511
99.3914
4,860
11.383]
4.118
1,477
9,1664
39,1124
25
1.014
24.121
5,3404
16,002
202.301
2.777
45.557;
34,2184
22,890]
71.010
299,864
3,131]
31,600]
25.725
l:;2 77l?
44,752]
87,692
6,168
7,862
10,212
52.212;
7.. ! ,3
17. .521
1135.00:: '
10.952]
121.967
7,269]
61,404
2.777;
24,517
Kl
9,1264
28:4544
2.337
14,005
30S,3034
19.6564
23.S62
22.220
6.877
3,801
45.i'i('i,5.\
2.219
2,818
57.2504
1.11S4
6.188}
14.704
50.S10
1.7874
42
51,439]
302.084;
37 :13,
123,255]
197.231
170.755
39,2524
79.593
13,7.4311
371,7854
320.375
170
86,071
28 054
43.SS9
2,769
12,807
627
14
28,187
0. 24
6,569]
44,136
7
104,856
78,873
10,974
1,0534
6,925
65,295
L30
89
12.944]
220.105
.
L52 L34
8,663,540
s
s
cq
84,812}
39.2984
73,2144
26,183
54,0764
9.664}
69.0464
50.3044
30,651|
54.3344
28,1154
86.330
43.1244
24.5584
13,701}
13.6254
69,759
14.9134
33.9134
2,913}
42.S7.5J
5.909}
235
10,443,4
13.8304
13,S534
22,623}
141,6774
29.1514
54,767!
32,453}
18,325}
23,023}
12.003
31,605}
112,732}
10,7184
21,224]
61 82]
1,325
8.7224
12.012;
108,882]
11 B s
169,078
67,523
21,436]
89,99 ij
18,856]
65.571]
91,402]
1 l.3,i 1.5
70,676
19,214
40,658]
30.700;
20,890]
20,277]
24,007]
6
s
Cq
193,6914
189.5884
214,998
300,762
86S.543
558.5074
230.2854
354.4S0
92,567}
383.3394
240.7034
119,383
55S.308
4S3.228
105,369
83.615
155,733
437.0524
99.204
7.151
283.748
321.770
54.179
92.3084
431,4644
410:5S3
805.811
247.5164
1,180
500.505
732.2944
907.453
617.4S5A
357.4904
436,975
503.812
340,1704
no.0104
337.0S5
393,4134
43.0374
.51 873
220,503
470.440
02.270
161.1531
160,7804
387,998]
292,689]
504 7'',7 "
102,594
20,0.074
3722112
242.220;
123,817
689,678]
756 "77 ;
402,238]
234, I
174181
2.IM.0794 10.20ii.00i;
nut included in tlf abov> Tables.
OtSh nine Of farms 7
stock !
" tools and implements $26,927,502
- plowed the year pn 1 krai 8 -77.471
En fallow the yi
s the j ear pi 4.,- tin
Bushels of turnips harvested 98
Foun 1
Value products mark $1,138,682
Pounds of maple sugar made 4,035,815]
us of maple molasst 9 made 85,0914
Gallons of wine made
Pounds of cocoons
Value "i othi r textile fabrics
Bushels 'i i» • ts
\ aim
Bushels of can its
Bushels , 1 ( nei ries
Bushels of cranberries
\ alue of cucumbers
Bushels of currants
Bushels of fruits (not specified).,
18.181
207.;
$3 824
$18,668
478,277
8,7874
87
$9,619
5004
43,074
AGRICULTURE.
105
numbers refer to the yield of 1854, which was distinguished by a severe and prevalent drought.
From 20 to 50 per cent, should bo added to obtain the proximate results of years of ordinary pro-
duction.
of New York, as reported by the Slate Census of 1855.
Flax.
I
1
1
£
1
e<5
G
►3
=Q
fc
ts>
"fe
"fe*
"&
"fe>
*&
■&
^
^j
eo
eo
BO
"w
'c
'B
*§
^5
'-»
rC
*<
«
s
a
a
C
a
s
3
a
«l
Kl
CQ
(^
eq
ft,
^
K|
nq
375,6541
206,258
15,9891
22,8441
2 306
2,675
879
210}
7,440
234.251
6,088
3,174*
2051
2,768
128*
214.130
2,983
160.420*
9::2.'.
949£
478
35*
21,808
23,650
224,463
■1.7 17 1
300,245f
14.4921
4.496*
2,738
58f
4S8
1,770
177,17"*
1,257
251,718|
6,565
5,638*
18,385
1,106
2,640
3,300
522,751
10,862}.
282,451
7,693
4,038
4.5S4
302}
2,416
1.390
308,115
4,5241
131,291
1,360*
1,859}
130
66}
102
33,597
107,364
2,96]
270,542
4,018*
2.7631
16,636
203*
163,332
550
553,554
7,5591
385,492
14.545
6.9931
7.7O0
236*
1,014
20
76,936*
852*
259,419*
1,330*
9.527
739
1.128
54*
418
210,342
9,480
155,389
1.7261
58,269
2,173*
2,037
40
351,975
3,738
209 567 '
2,2291
670
212S 1
1 477
25*
15
69,028*
259,160
5.918}
205,498
7881
557
3,104
18,507
216,593
8.247*
445,350*
15,3211
6,124
5,026
270*
2,862
50
266,195
6,0815
318,021
484,425
11,625*
12,0741
2 818
195
6*
9
64,200*
909*
1.8391
704
6*
231,217
153
26,273
377}
182 904
14,202
8.7971
7til >
223,005
118,500
1,215*
595*
100,142
2.070*
167.274
8,569*
12,007
4,130
29(5,121
5,767
116,871
1.5321
693*
10,620
14*
26
75
192,814*
3,954*
25 257
140
27,864
154*
1,616
6,000
30S,050
3,459
18
257,875
4,241
510,033
115
333,901
6,446
289,031
63,338
4,2811
12,066
760*
28,995
3,691
215,431
3,459*
308.243
243 841
16,930
12,9781
6,3981
7,042
1,030*
1.0031
1 566
54
72,198
1.451
65,782
90
8 870
132.2561
101
1 ,
14.255
10
242.200
5,9281
224.2781
20.9731
4.836*
102.581
735*
1,312.308
13.680
531,677
7.417*
654,551
16,028*
14.342*
1.000
56*
44,010
86,520
491,491
10.312
145,154
22,855*
3,941
1,016,929
7,746*
241,603
249
155,s01
5,0081
1,808
275 448
250
645
15 981
9,256*
3S0
322
13,010
255.997
4.461*
624,648
12.912*
7,770*
6,635
1,233*
616,054
39,220
634,262
12,735
380.14H
34.915*
8.984
57,2S7
2,644*
13,427
654,987
624,545*
13,725}
188,900
15,297*
2,404*
2,070
199*
32,751
9,1S0
397.098
8,044
123.5511
230
34S1
30
39
800
80,180*
3.1 SS*
171,867
5.471
40.185*
19,030
2S5
16
22,871
281,7814
4,534
391.9121
11,1161
4.326
37,109
749
29,206
15
425,915
8,1051
412,7031
29,935$
2,811*
98,504|
1,424}
3,122,258*
543
601.196
8,880
64 504
48
210 J
20
27,158
814*
291,135
500 559
33.444
1,574
410
49
69,016
6.406
22.282*
5,979"
166*
63
5.131
972f
300
1
25
3,346
29
672,780
19,266*
4
1,615
131,241
28
3,253
90,497
4,304
21,739
47,2231
604 023
47
719
3
197,875
1 206 '
4S7.672
15.125
515*
1S.364
200
2S9.478
11,3861
105,132
5,551}
714*
206.200
2,346
2,600
150
105.551
2.848*
190,4321
33,482*
1,656*
13,916
526*
440.754
15
222.182
3.(589*
81,106
1,710}
1,931
8,058
420*
730
30
143,229
3.212
72,544
1 640 '
573}
529.811
7,035
306
16,500
175,278
4.029
255,938
25,006*
2.686*
1,777
8,649
16,950
297,289
4,580
304,063
103,188}
142
1681
1 3S' 7 i
6981
24
304
176
1,000
52
27,799
73,298
4271
1,699}
92
150,5181
3.992*
2,4954
712
140*
1.200
160
169,183
4.359
111,106
4.6591
2,100*
79,932
1,706
1,138
27,090
417.757
0.172
134.5391
2961
534
2,017
78
2,735
2,524
397.7T4
5.606*
173,328
767,285
2.2701
14,210*
915*
5,075}
23,003
7
62
20
2,390
58.772*
189,103
1,002
5,8091
839.420
261,403
8,455*
5,866*
23,260
527*
737
38,432
509,626
8,893*
286.249
230
278*
5
2,202
60,137*
;;.j;,l
203,932
13,326*
8,2:52*
6,630
518}
17,526
115
323.290
4.517*
57.9121
1,444
745*
245,000
1,850
1,605
6,003
143,773
3,760j
15,191,8521
705,967|
244,079
4,907,556*
87,093*
7,192,254
946,502*
13,668,830*
273,039
Value of garden seeds $40,889
Bushels of grapes 1,610*
Value of melons $4,682
Bushels of millet 6.453*
Bushels of onions 15.026*
Value of osier willow * $251
Bushels of quinces 2.035}
Value of root crops (miscellaneous) $16,703
Bushels of rutabaga 3,111
Pounds of saffron 1,798
Bushels of strawberries 371
Value of fruit and ornamental trees $142,328
Miscellaneous $611,397
Neat cattle under one year old 311.474
Neat cattle over one year, exclusive of working
oxen and cows 577,887
Number of cattle killed for beef. 22 i 3
Callous of milk sold 20,965,861
Pounds of wool 9,231,959j
Value of poultry sold $1,076,598
Value of eggs sold $1,360,678
Yards of fulled cloth made 198.203
Yards of flannel made 379 922!
Yards of linen made 105,086
Yards of cotton and mixed cloths 246,464
Yards of carpeting 213.017}
106
XEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The State appropriations for the promotion of agriculture, in 1819, through the Board of Agri-
culture, and, since 1841, through the State and County Agricultural Societies, have been as
shown in the table commencing at the foot of this page.
Agricultural Products of the several
COCN'TIES.
Albany
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus..
Cayuga. ,
Chautauqua..
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware-
Dutchess
Brie
Franklin
Fulton
Greene ,
Hamilton.
Herkimer ....
Jefferson-
Kings
Leu i-
Livingston....
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery ,
New York.....
Niagara.
Oneida.
Onondaga ....
Ontario
Orange.-
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
laer....
Richmond....
Rocklanl
I'rence
Sarat<
Bchenei tadjr .
-
Schuyl'T
i
!l
PufMk
Bollrran
Tomj.kin- ....
DUter
'i
Washington..
Wynii
Yataa
Total
53.650
6S.998
47.380
62,486
83,553*
53.465
3W.H
4^.7013
51.459
31.618
56.148
101,571
38.503
59,659
27,342
19.622
23.761
32.359
32.940
5.610
3S,347
18.444
11.912
26.693
55,615
46.038
58,571
27.205
138.475
81,575
53.135
25.111
23.113
47.7U0
93.020
13.237*
n.'.iv.i
33,684 i
475
8.667
61,614
45,202*
12,688
89.676
52,167
87,549
113.653
6,087
40,946
38,378
- i a
49,808
20.062
68,204
17,602
86,248
29,260
2 67,876
3.436*
3.321 *
2113*
3,378"
4,165*
4142
1.670*
3.451
2,238*
1.466
3,619*
5,285*
1.S30
3^220
1,419
919
1,300
1,568
2.202*
401*
2.927*
1,290*
" 831
1,950*
3.366$
LS42*
3,544
1.460 '
3.455*
3,857*
2,458*
2,128$
1.151*
2,142*
4,665*
459
276
i>m;
22
174*
2,814*
2,499
7v_>.;
4.496*
2)076
i.6(io;
5.42(1*
414
2.398*
1,612]
I "7 .
8,126
l,061f
1.945
2,820i
6^70j
2,0
<3
23.247
47,332
37,544
58,489
46.178
76,890
20.899
68.391
25,555
27,676
37.671
65.181
44.126
55^439
23.567
23,677
19.922
24,785
25.239
2,456
49,820
79,249
3,204
29,748
29,383
44,924
39,545
30,502
8,323
28.238
77^832
50.228
33,962
57.602
23,412
42,172
63.79S
15,507
14,326
29,601
2.25' l
7,198
96,408
34.769
8.614
38.771
19,004
ll ,9 fl
62,483
24,216
27,348
29,664
80,847
34.140
14,282
40,410
88,182
89,048
16,784
<§
i
1,813
3,392
3.531
4,137
2,506
4.515
1,510
3.8S7
1,484
3,701
1,709
4.7 SO
6,263
3.794
2,081
1.859
1,173
1,417
2.349
'360
785
2,522
41
2.423
1,761
1,874
1.944
1,046
2,058
3,476
2.454
2,113
3.4^9
1.164
3,093
2,942
3.200
1.926
2,704
400
573
6,576
2,625
597
2.440
1,128
677
4..;:. I
2,006
4,265
2 323
1J666
4,671
1,428
2,100
1.762
5.427
2,1 7 1
747
<3
13,332
19,009
17,116
23,633
19.822
36,046
9.690
36.939
ll!284
14.500
21,668
34,484
24,5S4
29,831
8.749
10.919
10,268
10,541
12,592
S52
36,653
49,472
2,834
19;i51
10.980
24.067
17,564
16,801
719
11.708
47.794
24,S01
14,202
40.187
8,921
21,983
34,713
7,851
9,240
16,864
1,189
4,708
62,161
16.778
5,768
1S.-J13
7,676
7,136
20,284
10,883
10.775
12,954
1 4,572
17,832
6,161
18,6S9
16,769
21 '.' '7 9
16,737
7,250
138,033^
.. l m:,,I'. r,
1 1 1,697
l.o6\427
32
a
s
1,173,527
1,700,775
1,753.417
1,957,183
2,082,022
3,389,837
924.645
3,990,564
891.431*
1,347,428
2,379,257
4,026.575
l,6Sl',595
1,866.132
025.542
1,050.040
840,397
919,130
1,191,930
83,282
1,305.377
3,949.608
17,425
1,575.515
1,045,591
1,840.298
1,643.515
1,211,385
i,03S.'307'
2,912.176
2,294.287
1,22.3.097
3,285.587*
912,013
2,036,174
3,075.206
493.696
441.983*
1,291,738
24,365
266,006
4,268,809
1.408.136*
615,662
1.832.257
798.953
705.574
1.976.1 29
634.405
931.927
1,365.783
1,646,947
1,669,681
182,786
1,625,188
1,446,080
1.116.589
1,833,948
717.259*
90.203.073;
Appropriations for the Promotion of Agriculture.
CourrriES.
1M9.
-
1841.
67
-
151
143
02
1
1819. .„,.
1841.
COCNTIKB.
1819.
2 year*.
1841.
Counters.
1819.
2 years.
1841.
I 60
75
100
60
$12-2
$125
100
250
■J, „|
200
•JIIO
171
60
60
179
91
112
183
176
100
250
400
650
$143
53
117
120
194
107
950
1 28
31 Ml
126
200
400
B4
13
75
"
167
186
Fait. A Ham
Cattaraugus....
itaturoa
Cli' miini:
Herkimer
Montgomery—
AGRICULTURE.
107
By an act of April 11, 1842, Genesee receives $92 and Wyoming $87 annually ; and by another
of April 13, 1855, the co. of Schuyler was allowed to receive a proportional share from the moneya
previously belonging to Chemung, Steuben, and Tompkins cos.
Counties in
the State of New York, continued.
<^5
&
n
c
1
V
*<
1
i
1
fc
1
2
|
£
i
i5$
i
4
1
1
36.520
10.954
31
37,054
24.035
127
834 i
:,::i;
359
1,044.1 tTS
11,223
36
104,799
13,148
147
52
1,5921
40.896
5,998
7
40,894
12,251
13*
137 1
11
14
1.717.4X4
9,497
11
59,725
13,834
2*
647 1
39
146
199.333
15,405
4
103,631
29,081
5,041
395
15
3,198,361
13,047
15
90,154
21,105
62
4,742
149
1351
7.861
4,856
6
21,364
9.853
£
924
27
190
1,212.544
10,971
10
85,923
1S,092
55
105.906
8,444
36
38,351
7.86S
25
87.167
9,103
211
87,549
32,568
ii
1,999
759
313
708,679
7,410
27
41,321
12,302
1
55
43
11
61.185
9.140
5
71,315
15,870
11
5
54,119
10,829
29
73,687
42.9S6
1,072
278
1.780
2,038,392
16.983
10
65,085
24.791
2,010
139
207
93,594
6,149
43
47.054
6,504
23
143.916
6,029
3
23.958
7,535
579.079
5,829
1
16,969
10.514
1*
6
105,873
11,395
13
100,391
10.273
3,506
267
21,317
6,203
23
19,382
14,074
1
140
232
2.(570
338
1,481
510
9,068.519
9,098
10
17,706
18,227
25 i
48
10
2,819,459
17,059
20
63,401
23,327
121
6,314
122
9
2
3,964
8.353
15
115
1,S96,741
5,097
10,086
1
11
79,3461
12,502
47
112,562
19.275
70i
618
38
24
2.087.594
11,753
32
66,547
16.794
5
485
21
131,253
18,913
16
116,817
34.727
22,134
240
4
1,53S,654
8,836
3
29,661
18.834
2561
77
125
14,099
14,334
256
5
1.249
21,765
4$
12.378
47
87
71.443
78,359
3,311,114
17.398
34
50,841
31,228
14*
4681
27
860.044
17.330
8
94,202
31.539
1,165
376
201
205,921
13,660
159
132,725
26,419
3,073
599
265
80,660
9,986
74
21.377
40,684
2.705
69
146
110,298
9,640
2
91.2S5
15,692
4,031
136
100
975,461
12,398
23
36,088
21.836
2,244
450
1291
l,63s,493
14,652
17
109,937
22.308
81
621
82
3.475
1,938
1
5.804
6.997
i.
765
7,954
178
9,714
14,228
111
60
538,402
10,184
845
10
26
64,609
57
25,007
1 726
48
392
341
341
2.500
3,715
170
926
3,185
8
5
1,672,999
20,261
20
86,454
24,286
5
152,901$
11,293
2
46.018
26,003
94
72.019
4,219
4
10,759
7.727
727
312
71.016
9,682
2
45,596
18,804
134f
28
8
32,168
5,700
4
48,918
9,451
3,195
630
13.812
7,497
6
47.534
17.532
1
5.777
378
203.329
13,899
40
111.353
24,154
1,148
4
397
1,580
7,111
163
28.016
19.727
1
1.330
91
8
4.598
3,092
87
12.591
8,231
1
508
134
50.357
5,678
13
36,162
11.248
586
31
22
60,128
9,443
3
61.036
14.358
1,919
127
4
520
9,893
58
29.841
34,025
1,721
111
3
64.634
3,341
6
16.472
5,703
144
634.491
11,707
11
118.533
30.305
2*
75
103,763*.
14,928
5
104,845
29.799
7-S-
25,394
156
5
2.180
7,332
73
11,321
20,801
895
823,105
10.358
6
93.365
11.074
397
70
212
59,972
6,773
8
64,827
12,586
1,689
15
2S1
38,944,249$
579,715
2,254
3,217,024
1,069,792
1,5091
115,4101
7,6291
8,604
Appropriations for the Promotion of Agriculture, continued.
Counties.
1819.
2 yars.
1841.
Counties.
1819.
2 year*.
1841.
$400
300
500
300
400
$03
255
204
130
152
75
131
14S
Putnam
Quepns
$100
200
350
75
100
100
300
100
$38
91
18C
34
36
170
121
51
I St. Lawrence....
1 Schenectady....
Counties.
1S19.
2 years.
1841.!
Counties.
1819.
2 years.
1S41.
$200
150
150
200
100
150
150
$97
74
13S
97
47
61
114
lister
$250
100
350
250
S137
40
123
126
146
61
700
Washington....
Suffolk .
Westchester....
State Ag. Soc.
108
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
County societies usually require the payment of $1 annually from each member, or $10 for life
membership -without further payment. It is customary to restrict competition for premiums to
members of the society, and to collect of all others an entrance fee to the exhibition grounds.
Dwellings, Area, and Products.
COCXTIES.
Albany
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus.
Chautauque..
Chemung
ngo
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutches
K.ri"
Franklin
Fult-.n
e
Greene
Hamilton ,
Herkimer ....
Jefferson
-ton....
Uadis 'D
raery..
N.-\v Y"rk
a
Oneida
1 - i
Ontario
Orleans
I
I'll t nam
•
Rirhnv'ii.l
Rockland
Bt Lawrence.
- i
-
Schuyler
a
Suffolk
Bullil
T"ni|0.
i
>'•
\
'■
M
og
Number of Dwellings.
25
88
IS
4
5
73
14
1
20
163
52
9
44
177
111
30
88
2
60
100
2
62
429
515
34
57
50
301
59
[,617
34S
59
00
120
202
182
G7
84
1
21
16
74
261
312
: 2
15
13
2
41
12
9
16
5
9
BOS
6
158
U
Total 7.:.:;.',
3.769
29
82
9
825
113
47
21
460
3SS
45
8
434
2.427
168
71
53
107
163
165
20S
8,061
18
113
95
1.760
147
29,977
299
623
762
516
474
133
131
50
47
70
1,559
122
1- '
176
343
I..,;,
31
• 13
267
57
SO
35
77
470
60
52
9,385
6.2S7
5,629
4,942
9.620
8.314
3,264
7.226
3.959
6,665
4.270
6.040
8.947
12.S34
4.170
2.545
3.S17
4.976
4.964
'273
6.332
9,534
14.901
3.195
5.787
7.68S
13.713
4.700
10,595
5;3oi
10.D02
13.175
6,591
8.162
4.119
10,516
8.837
2,270
7.071
9,719
8,018
2.775
8,427
7. '.41
2.449
I
2,634
8,924
8,042
7,089
4,280
4,861
4>71
9,028
2,624
7,243
12.044
5,181
o.j;:,
19
966
560
1.252
475
639
516
240
1,988
29
295
888
58
1.638
663
1,353
238
408
145
147
191
1,369
1.094
608
173
650
23
496
498
513
405
346
821
2S7
63
'203
'■■'ib'
3.443
n-:;
ii
435
405
254
1 ■■. •
7
7:7
287
461
124
859
3
462
13,591
8.192
6.436
7.515
10.916
9,988
4,S37
7,602
6.994
7,287
4,727
7,238
9.705
21.074
5,227
4.444
4.179
5,753
5.419
401
6,898
11,975
23.970
4.707
6,990
8,221
16,916
4.960
42.668
8.698
17.7S2
15,215
7,828
9,5S2
5,299
12.049
9,324
2.405
7,896
11.083
3.220
3,188
13,191
8,631
3,105
5,846
8,582
4,669
11,851
7.211
6,408
6,049
Ll,068
.■■■ii
7,875
s.viis
12,768
6,1 a
8,878
I?
4
3.539
5,392
3,925
5.441
4,299
6,547
1,948
5.203
3,551
3.242
3,3S8
5,458
3.7'.i7
7.257
2.715
3.247
2.2SS
3.003
3,145
404
3.447
6,992
398
3.945
3,375
4,6S0
4,S79
2,852
4S
3.96S
8.315
< ::;.-.
3,943
3.HS2
2.4.4
6.720
6,109
1,368
3.113
3.869
876
1,221
8.946
4,208
1,328
4,011
2,446
7,042
4,838
8,688
8,088
4,861
2,146
4,192
4,767
0.722
4,131
2,242
Number of Acres.
Improved.
■25 231.740 13,057,4901
242,735
280,863
i9s>3ii;
266.435}
315,795|
360.110
120,219|
347,82S|
168,932*
304.2771
194,736*
364.4004.
366,359!
340,3074.
185,443|
144,627J
133.415?
219,0124.
212.2231
16,675?
267,4141
465,222
15,871*
184,541 :.-
262,462*
277.393!
216,840*
194.457J
1,150$
207.0431
435,800!
344.52S
290,639?
30S,599!
181.948?
244.120
428,932|
94.205j
119,549
292.21 2 J
15,072*
46,481?
499,554
315,728*
93,448*
227,904^
134,331
151,9491
861,450
163,818*
I '
II i,894|
205.61 GJ
24' 1.041
111,202*.
:;:,::.!!:.,,
264,461
209,1 li I
241,664*
155..M2;
Total.
313,512*
635.132*
404,048*
699.056!
503.032!
654.255*
230,605
530,764!
570,01S*
373,532!
308.399?
802,852*
464,464*
593,651*
959,63S|
979,692
2S0.4S6*
294,744*
362,828!
783.054*
773,072
716,513
21,466
6S1,6S6*
358,840?
38S,89S?
295.022*
241J7S*
1,974*
308,153*
722,394*
459,229*
387.74S*
49S.214*
244,27;
572.173*
608.491*
108.1153*
170.753
393.215*
22,674*
97,334*
1,385,085
455,5774
125.101?
859,950*
197,335*
1 '.'7,886*
799,700*
424.0M>J
020.0,1s.;
293,317|
290,680 j
618.840?
442,543*
476,685
366,6134
291,094*
864,418?
206,6761
26.75S.1.S0!
1 Thia column li Lmiscellani reported as" Planks," "Boarda,"" Shanties,"
od valne were not given. 'Hi'- vain • ■. no far as reported, was as follows: —
-
Irani'-.
Total..
Ifumbi r.
7.172
66,762
878,967
Tt ><-il Vatue.
i 19,184,819
312^61,135
297, 1
1,830,11 9
664,89 1,967
Average Value.
$6,857.89
6,600.26
7M.H0
i i.18
2.76
MANUFACTURES.
TnE manufactures of the State are very extensive, embracing an almost endless variety of articles.
In many sections the manufacturing interests surpass those of agriculture or commerce. The lines
of internal communication through the State have greatly facilitated the spread of manufactures ;
and now flourishing establishments are found in nearly every part of the State. 1 The most im-
1 Manufacturing Establishments in the several Counties, as reported by the State Census
o/1855.
Counties.
Albany
Allegany ,
Broome
Cattaraugus...
Cayuga
Chautauqua...
Chemung
Chenango -
Clinton ,
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greene ...........
i Hamilton
Ilerkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery..
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego ,
Putnam
Queens _.
Rensselaer....
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga -
Schenectady..
Schoharie ,
Schuyler
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington..
Wayne
Westchester...
Wyoming
Yates
«l
Total 196 1,921
9
2
1
1
4
27
37
23
32
59
43
19
41
22
47
26
31
44
29
28
15
12
33
19
36
52
11
9
35
27
69
44
53
32
65
53
40
37
38
26
66
6
14
43
6
7
47
47
8
34
23
23
49
22
29
20
45
37
14
40
49
27
37
14
■a
8
I_
27
23
16
16
36
37
15
28
15
29
26
26
35
31
36
6
34
42
10
7
30
30
34
20
71
24
72
53
29
20
26
29
54
12
8
25
5
5
37
29
9
21
16
13
28
18
10
17
34
9
tr
1
24
22
52
34
15
1,467
f
g
m
n
i
i
i
2
3
1
1
9
13
11
"i
1
2
22
"i
4
"i
l
3
2
5
5
9
3
14
9
2
2
2
7
1
33
6
4
1
128 269 616
13
5
15
11
13
6
7
6
5
7
9
9
19
5
5
o
1
10
17
16
5
11
12
15
9
98
6
21
15
13
15
2
4
10
1
12
7
5
5
4
5
16
5
7
5
16
8
2
9
8
18 .
e [a
5
3
10
1
10
i'i
76
1
1
12
1
2
1
1
11
1
2
*3
1
3
2
1
10
12
5.
s.
I'I
•a .2
1 a
61
29
24
15
18
32
31
9
21
20
34
15
25
40
26
15
25
1
27
33
14
12
26
21
48
21
59
24
61
45
19
33
21
21
55
2
26'
20
2
7
26
29
7
27
15
19
36
16
13
16
20
29
6
25
29
28
30
15
9
22
7
16
4
1
10
10
7
15
4
3
10
16
4
ii
10
6
1
13
9
52
5
59
10
19
38
13
8
10
48
17
25
4
2
4
10
7
7
15
6
4
1
3
9
9
9
4
4
"i
10
15
1
13
9
12
3
37
4
21
11
8
4
5
9
9
1
1
7
Ci
23
23
27
20
30
31
17
28
19
43
23
26
39
43
16
11
9
22
27
1
18
48
5
10
29
22
54
24
8
17
42
36
40
38
26
42
39
7
24
34
2
13
36
33
5
27
15
15
42
29
16
17
28
42
5
15
25
29
30
15
114 232 111 1,397 666 388 1,476 595 124 101 1S7 138
■a •-:
a i.
H
7
13
6
10
13
11
3
10
"S
II
5
6
11
1
4
11
36
4
7
9
3
3
2
4
5
5
a
=
3
5
7
3
3
4
2
32
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
7
2
4
109
110
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
portant and extensive manufactories are those of iron and machinery, leather, articles of wood,
and cotton and woolen goods. Such articles as relate to the professions and fine arts, to books,
maps, and engravings, and to the heavy machinery used in ocean steamships, are principally manu-
factured in Xew York City and its suburbs. Immense quantities of brick are manufactured on
the Hudson for the Xew York and Southern markets. Lime, waterlime, and gypsum are largely
manufactured on the Hudson and through the center of the State ; and iron ware is produced in
large quantities in the iron districts of Essex, Clinton, Dutchess, Orange, and Oneida counties. De-
tails of the principal manufacturing establishments are given in the statistics of the cities or towns
in which they are located. 1
1 Manufacturing Establishments in the several Counties, continued.
Counties.
Albany
:iv
Broome
Cattaraugus
_i
Chautauqua
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia.
ind
Delaware
Dutchess..
Eri'-
Franklin
Fulton
- -0
Greene
I!:miilt'.n
Herkimer
Jefferson
Liringston
U
Hooroe
-y
V >rk
Ni igara
i
V'l
-ii
i
oond
ni
•
•lady
trie
tar
>
B t eaben
k
Sullivan
• .in.*
Ulster
n —
ngt'.n
Wajrne
Jog
Yates
12
2
15
1
"e
i
6
E
1
•-'
1
190
3 1
8 S
10
g
S3
43
183
159
169
79
184
99
110
110
21
68
224
12
151
73
85
90
46
62
23
94
101
2
95
35
75
55
43
13
41
238
81
54
21
33
218
142
2
1
91
7
138
80
13
118
84
15
238
11
14.".
140
:
95
i.s
49
85
77
1 .
«,
«Q
2!)
15
£6
4
"%
2
2
1
11
5
4
5
3
12
1
2
"i
2
2
9
17
3
22
2
8 «
S3 §
3
4
4
3
3
7
2
5
1
2
2
2
6
7
2
3
"3
1
"4
4
11
1
2
4
11
2
21
3
5
6
1
4
2
3
8
"i
"i
i'2
7
"i
3
3
4
5
1
"2
3
":':
1
7
3
1
<
<ZX
2
83
"4
3
Total - 161 100 L44 161 _ _ij 148 560 863
14
17
"2
8
7
8
3
126
8
28
10
14
9
2
10
17
"4
15
"i
12
4
9
4
6
6
9
10
17
20
15
18
25
11
17
13
8
13
24
8
134
10
6
25
9
9
3
21
25
4
15
7
22
15
15
14
4
38
19
6
12
10
38
24
2
2
13
"a
25
9
1
17
13
5
19
4
39
12
11
30
14
13
14
9
16
5
if
e s
11
10
7
5
12
6
5
18
13
Q
O
5
1
5
4
19
5
4
6
10
12
7
54
5
21
17
13
9
6
10
10
2
9
13
2
1
14
6
2
5
5
3
8
2
6
2
4
11
10
8
6
480
3 2
11
8 §
=5 a
13
5
4
1
36
1
6
5
"(5
"2
139
&
*
5
1
7
i
2
1
12
"i
5
1
"i
1
2
136
■8
S
8
.8
S 5
1^
3
2
4
1
6
2
4
6
9
5
2
3
5
3
3
"3
1
6
3
3
"2
13
6
4
184
8
8
§
131
315
22
25
54
40
20
30
73
49
29
8
72
164
62
34
81
38
36
80
119
221
29
34
54
158
38
1248
30
185
121
46
51
13
48
59
7
40
76
26
24
70
53
29
28
10
34
28
77
18
16
31
40
13
36
42
94
29
17
4,458
TV Returns, of manufacturing establishments fr^m many coantteean quite unsatisfactory, as an examination of the table will
show. Ii in to be hojMd that the III I ill 1- more complete in this particular.
COMMERCE.
The position of New York in the confederacy of States gives it peculiar facilities for maritime
affairs, and through its various ports a large proportion of the foreign and internal commerce of
the nation is carried on. This commerce extends to every accessible port in the world, and in
amount and variety excels that of all the other States of the Union. It is regulated by acts of
Congress ; and the revenues arising from duties upon articles imported are collected by officers ap-
pointed by the President and Senate, or subordinate to those thus appointed. These officers are
accountable to the U. S. Treasury Department.
Collection Districts. — The Federal Government has established 11 Collection Districts
within this State for the collection of these revenues. Each of these has one port of entry, in charge
of a collector, and several ports of delivery, at which one or more deputy collectors, inspectors, or
other officers reside. 1 The number of officers employed in collecting these revenues in New York
City and its dependencies is nearly 800. Duties on foreign importations form much the largest
item of revenue for the support of the General Government, and those collected at the port of New
York form the largest part of the whole amount. The absolute and relative amounts of moneys
collected from this source in the United States and State of New York have been steadily increasing,
except as influenced by pecuniary embarrassments ; and now the former amount to about $60,000,000
annually. 2
Collection Districts in New York.
District.
Sag Harbor
New York City...
Cuamplain
Oswegatchie. .,
Cape Vincent.,
Sackets Harbor..
, Oswego...
Genesee .
Niagara
Buffalo Creek..
Dunkirk
Date of
Establishment.
July 31,
July 31,
Mar. 2,
Mar. 2,
April 18,
Mar. 3,
Mar. 2,
Mar. 3,
Mar. 2,
Mar. 3,
July 27,
1789
1789
1793
1S11
1818
1803
1799
1805
1799
1805
1854
Principal
Office.
Sag Harbor...
New York....
Plattsbur-h .
Ogdensburgh.
Cape Vincent..
Sackets Harbor.
i tswego
Rochester
Lewiston
Buffalo....,
Dunkirk.
Subordinate Offices.
Greeuport.
Albany, Troy, Cold Spring Harbor, Port Jefferson.
Whitehall, Rouses Point, Chainplain, Perrysville, Mooers, Centerville,
Chateaugay, Burke, Trout Kiver, Westville, Tort Covington, Hogans-
burgh, Malone.
Hammond, Morristown, Lisbon, Waddington, Louisville, Massena.
Alexandria Bay, Millens Bay, Clayton, Chaumont, Three Mile Bay, Point
Peninsula.
Dexter, Henderson, Sandy Creek.
Big Sodus, Little Sodus, Texas, Port Ontario.
Carthage Landing, Kelsey Landing, Pultneyville, Charlotte.
Niagara Falls, Niagara Bridge, Youngstown, Wilson, Eighteen Mile Creek.
Oak Orchard.
Black Rock, Black Rock Dam, Tonawanda. Schlosser.
Barcelona, Irving, Cattaraugus Creek, Silver Creek.
Albany was made a port of delivery in N. Y. Dist. July 31, 1789.
Cape Vincent was made a port of delivery in Sackets Harbor
Dist. Mar. 2, 1811.
Hudson was made a port of delivery in N. Y. Dist. July 31,
1789, and a district and port of entry Feb. 26, 1795. Annexed
to N. Y. Dist. May 7, 1822.
Catskill and Kinderhook were made ports of delivery from
Feb. 26, 1795, to May 27, 1796.
New Windsor. Newburgh. Pouglikeepsie, and Esopus were made
ports of delivery July 31, 1789.
Niaqara. — Office removed from Ft. Niagara to Lewiston
Mar. 2, 1811.
l The following table exhibits the receipts for customs for the
ports of the U. S. and N. Y. for a series of years : —
Receipts into United Slates Treasury.
Years.
Total from all
sources.
From Customs.
United Stales.
New York.
1795
1800
1805
1810
1815
1820
1825
1830
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1857
1858
$9,419,802.79
12.451,184.14
13,689,508.14
12,144,206.53
50,961,237.60
20,8S1,493.08
26,840,858.02
24,844,116.51
35,430,087.10
25,032.193.59
29,941.853.90
47,649,388.88
65,351.374.68
68,969,212.57
70,273,869.59
$5,588,401.26
9,080,932.73
12,936,487.04
8,583.309.31
7 282 942.22
15!005!612/15
20.098,713.45
21.922.391.39
19.391,310.59
13,499.502.17
27,588.112.70
39.66S.686.42
53.025,794.21
63.875,905.05
41,789.620.96
52,717,361
3,611.588
6,958,008
5,223,696
14,640,816
5,500,516
15,702,142
15,031,003
14,508,600
7.557.441
21,318,408
24,487,010
42,510,753.79
The amount of revenue from duties varies with the amount
of tariff, and the sum thus collected becomes a very uncertain
measure of the amount of commerce. The present tariff was
adopted March 3, 1857, and admits a large class of goods free of
duty. The system of bonding, introduced in 1846, permits goods
to be stored in Government warehouses until re-exported or sold,
before the payment of duties is required. The State Govern-
ment took early measures for establishing custom houses and
regulating duties upon foreign importations. By an act of Nov.
18, 1784, Sag Harbor and New York were made ports of entry
and delivery, and officers were appointed by the Governor and
Couucil of Appointment at each. The reluctance of New York
to part with these revenues led to much delay in her ratifying
the Constitution of the U.S., by which her revenues were sur-
rendered to the General Government.
Registered ami enrolled tonnage of the port of New York and f
the United States at different periods.
GO
Registered
Tonnage.
Enrolled
Tonnage.
Total Tonnage.
United
States.
New
York.
United
States.
New
York.
United
States.
Nnr
York.
1825
1830
1835
1840
1845
1S50
1855
185S
700,788
576,475
885,821
899,765
1.095.172
1,585.711
2,535,136
2,577,769
136,384
92.301
162,874
184,542
217,089
3SS.43S
737.509
841.686
800.213
615.301
939,119
1,280,999
1,321,830
1.949.743
2.676,865
3.201.430
144.210
167,922
196.4S3
244,774
288,187
391,380
o:is.li'.-J
580,488
1,423.112
1,191,776
1.824,940
2,180,704
2.417.002
3,535,454
5.212.001
5.049.808
280.594
260i283
359,357
429.316
505.276
779,818
1.275.071
1.422.174
111
112
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tlie Foreign Trade of Xew York from 1700, although fluctuating considerably, has
exhibited a general progressive increase. The commerce of the country -was suspended during the
Revolution ; and no statistics of its amount have been preserved during the period in which the
States formed each an independent sovereignty under the Confederation. The amount of imports
has been reported separately by States only since 1821. 1
Amount of American as compared with Foreign Tonnage at
different periods in Vie District of Xew York.
Years.
Tonnage Entered.
U.S.
Foreign.
Total.
1825
259,5244.
20,6554
2S0.179}
1830
2S0,918
33.7974
314.715}
1 v :,
373.465
90.999
464.464
1840
409.458
118.136
527.594
1845
472.491}
140>.>;
613.350
1850
807,58OJ
441.756
1.249.337
1854
1.442.27 g|
477,0344
1.919.3134
1S5S
2.411,087
1.124.020
3,535,107
Years.
lONNAGE CLEAREI
).
C.S.
Foreign.
Total.
1S25
245,512
17.914}
263.430}
1S30
209.598J
33,6S64
273.285
1835
289.551*
80,0384
369.590
1840
275,8934
117,204
392.5974
1846
377.1634
140.2224
517,3854
1850
705.162
407.054
1.112.216
1866
1,0S2,799|
445,305
1.528.104}
1 —
2.152,835
1.132.568
3.285,403
Amount of Registered, Enrolled, and Licensed Tonnage in the
several Collection Districts, June 30, 1858.
Districts.
B ig Harbor ,
N> w York
Champlain
Oswegatchie ,
Cape Vincent
Sackets Harbor.
Oswego
Genesee
Niagara.
Buffalo Creek
Dnnkirk
Registered.
7,408.72
841,6S5.35
Enrolled
and
Licensed.
7.057.94
593.599.73
'888.02
11.866.60
6.129.88
1.321.22
46.420.19
3.704.31
1.272.31
73.478.80
5,382.50
Amount of Beaittered and Enrolled Tonnage of the United States
and District of New York at different periods.
Years.
'
1847..
1- -
Registered.
U. States. N. York
717.170
I
J i •
1,2412313
1162395
169,050
Ifl | -li
2 I,! U
Enrolled and Li-
censed.
U. States. N. York
B78.438
752,460
1,086,237
1,117,035
I i '7 73 I
2,238,992
2,650,742
165.542
102.419
216,851
217.112::
337.381
445,674
693,600
Ntmberqfl ' ? Merchandise at Tarkfor
tit, ending June 30, 1856.
1847 10,419
l-i- :
1848
61,762
71
1862 68,967
-.:.17>>
1-:,1 93,282
76,448
89,377
I /or ] -:,-.
American
VtStrli.
Fnrrign
i ":1s.
Export* of American produce....
" ign "
Crews "
;
12.1
4.171
124,002,631
17,463
l 510
Crews " "
1 Trade
of New York from
1700 to 1776
Total Value.
Years.
Total Value.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
Imports.
Exports.
1700
$247,050
$ 87,835
1739
$ 5S0.350
$ 92,295
1701
159,550
92,735
1740
593,885
107.490
1702
149,955
39,825
1741
602,150
105,710
1703
87,810
37,355
1742
837.955
67,6S0
1704
111,470
52,700
1743
672,435
75,335
1705
139,510
36,965
1744
599,600
72,635
1706
157,940
14,245
1745
274,785
70.415
1707
149,275
71,415
1746
433,560
44,205
1708
134,495
54,235
1747
689,940
74,960
1709
172,885
61,295
1748
716,555
61,790
1710
157.375
91,015
1749
1,328,865
117,065
1711
144,280
60,965
1750
1,335,650
178,160
1712
92,620
62,330
1751
1,244,705
211.815
1713
232.350
72,140
1752
970,150
203.290
1714
223.215
149,050
1753
1,389,320
202,765
1715
273,195
106.580
1754
637,485
133,315
1716
260.865
109,855
1755
755,355
145,275
1717
220,700
122,670
1756
1,252,125
120,365
1718
314,830
135,655
1757
1,766.555
95,840
1719
281,785
97,980
1758
1,782.775
71,300
1720
181,985
84,180
1759
3,153,925
108,420
1721
253,770
78,405
1760
2,400,530
105,625
1722
287,390
100,590
1761
1,447.850
243,240
1723
265,065
139,960
1762
1,440,230
294,410
1724
315,100
105,955
1763
1,192.800
264.990
1725
353.250
124,8S0
1764
2,577,080
268,4S5
1726
424,330
191,535
1765
1,911.745
274,795
1727
337,260
158,085
1766
1,854,145
335,100
1728
408.170
105,710
1767
2.089,785
307,110
1729
323,800
79,165
1768
2,414,650
435,575
1730
321.780
43,700
1769
374,590
367,430
1731
330,580
103,7 SO
1770
2,379,955
349,410
1732
327.700
47,055
1771
3,26S,105
479,375
1733
327,085
58,130
1772
1,719,850
413,535
1734
408,790
76,535
1773
1.446.070
381,230
1735
402.025
70,775
1774
2,189,685
400,040
1736
430,000
89,720
1775
6,140
935,090
1737
629 165
84165
1776
11,590
1738
667,190
81,140
Trade c
f New Yorl
since the adoption r
/ Federal Constitution.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
1791
$ 2.505.465
2,535.790
2,932,370
5.442.183
10,304,581
12,208,027
13,308,064
14,800,892
18,719,527
14,046,079
10,851,136
13,792,276
10,81 8,887
16,081,281
23,482,943
21,762,845
26,357,963
6,606,058
12,681,562
17,242,330
12.26fi.215
8,961,922
8.1*5.494
209.670
10,675,373
19,6 81
18.71 17.433
17,872.201
13,687,878
13,163,244
18,162,918
17,100,482
i:m.:;v"jh
22,897.134
1825
1826
1827
1828
1S29
1830
1831
1832
1833
1S34
1835
1836
1837
is:;s
181 19
1-lu
1-11
1842
1843*
1-U
1845
l-l.i
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
L866
1857
1888
$49,639,174
38,115,630
38,719,644
41,927,792
34,743.307
35.624,070
57.n77.417
58,214,402
55,918.440
73.1S8.594
88,191.305
118.253.416
79,301.722
68,453.200
99,882.4118
(1(1,44(1.750
75,713.426
57,875,604
31,356,540
65,079.516
70,909,085
74.251 288
84,167,862
94,625,141
92.667,869
111. 123, 524
141,646,638
132.329.300
17s.27o.999
195,427,988
164,776,511
210.1(10.454
236,493,485
178,475.736
$35,259,261
21,947,791
23.834.137
22,777.649
20,119,011
19.097.983
25.535.144
20.(1110.945
26,395,117
13.849,469
::i).345.264
28,920,688
27.338.419
23.iiii8.471
3:1.2(1.8.099
34.231.o80
83,139 88
27,676.778
10. 7112.11(14
32,861,540
3U.1 75.298
3,(1.935.413
49.844,368
53,351.167
46,968,100
52.712.789
86,007,019
87.484,456
78,206,290
122.534.040
113.731.238
119,111.500
13I.M)3,298
108,340,924
1792
1793
1794
1795
1706
17''7
IT'.s
1799
l-i, ii
lMll
l-ii2
1-u:;
1804
1 SI l.'l
1 -i.i
IMC
IHis
l-,,<i
181 1
1812
1818
1814
1816
1818
1817
IMS
1819
1820
1-21
1822
1823
1824
$23,629,246
146,628
23,421,849
:;'.n.:.7'j:;
* From Oct. 1. 1842, to June 30, 1843. The fiscal year waa
changed at this time, and now begins July 1.
C M M E R C E.
113
Tho reports of commerce and navigation do not specify the amount imported and exported
in each collection district. Tho relative amount of the port as compared with the State of
New York has been as follows at different periods : —
1840
1845
1848
1855
1858
IM POUTS.
rortofN.Y. State \of N.T.
$56,845,924
68,032,207
89,815,068
152,539,783
171,473,336
$60,440,750
70,909,085
94,525,141
164,776,511
178,475,736
Exports.
Port of N. Y. State of N. Y.
$30,186,470
34,190,184
45,863,916
62,918,442
100,667,890
Importation of Dry Goods.
Entered for Con-
sumption.
$34,264,080
36,175,298
53,351,157
113,731,238
108,350,924
Tirade of New York for the Three Years ending June 30, 1858.
Imports.
Ent. for consumption
" warehousing
Free goods
Specie and bullion....
from
Total
Withdrawn
warehouse
Dry goods
General merchandise.
Exports.
Domestic produce
Foreign mdse. free ...
" " dutiable
Specie and bullion....
Total .
1856.
$150,088,112
29,568.397
17,432,112
1,126,097
$198,214,718
21,934,130
86,898,690
112,316,028
1856.
$75,026,244
1,268,914
3,691,600
22,280,991
$102,267,749
1857.
$141,430,109
62.275,673
16,036,530
6,441,855
$226,184,167
27,950,212
92,699,088
133,485,079
1S57.
$75,928,942
2,396,903
3,932,370
44,348,468
$126,606,683
1858.
$ 94,019,659
44,463.806
23,665,487
9,324,384
$171,473,336
49.376,593
67,317,736
104,155,600
1858.
$55,031,987
3,104,160
7,309,672
34,322,071
$100,667,890
Manufactures of wool.
" cotton.
" silk.
" flax.
Miscall, dry goods
Total.
Withdrawn from
Warehouse.
Manufactures of wool.
" cotton.
" silk.
" flax.
Miscell. dry goods
Total.
Entered for Ware-
house.
Manufactures of wool
" cotton
" silk.
" flax
Miscell. dry goods....
Total..
1856.
$22,671,010
13,225,284
27,788,090
7,760,145
6,575,816
$77,970,295
1S56.
$2,025,697
1,888,578
2,241,785
1,131,408
507,675
$7,890,143
1856.
52,184,687
2,006,493
2,225,515
861,657
650,113
$7,929,495
1857.
$20,261,320
15,813,299
25,192,465
6,857.1::::
6,709,004
$74,833,527
1S57.
$2,0211.179
2,492,516
2,004,190
1,100,183
6nl.(i3:>
9,127,103
1S57.
$6,0S1,505
3,780,715
4,497,447
2.228,708
1,247,126
$17,835,561
1858.
9,012,911
17,581,099
3,701.555
8,761,788
$51,092.3 5
1858.
8i,.:;. .'1.118
4,018,693
5.394.970
2.215,427
1,385,173
$19,3-3,381
185S.
$5,028,533
4.048,530
3,667,521
1,964,891
1,515,876
$16,225,351
Commerce of New York with Foreign Countries for the
ENTERED.
year ending June 30, 1858.
CLEARED.
Foreign Countries.
England
Cuba
France
Bremen
Hamburg
British North America
New Grenada
British West Indies
Porto Rico
Scotland
Brazil
China
Peru
Belgium
British East Indies
Hayti
Two Sicilies
Spain
Venezuela
Holland
Mexico
Tuscany
Philippine Islands
Russia
Buenos Byres
Central Republic
Dutch West Indies
British Guiana
Danish West Indies
Africa (except Egypt and British
Possessions)
British Honduras
Sardinia
British Possessions, Africa
Austria
Portugal
St. Domingo
Sweden and Norway
Turkey in Asia
Egypt
Uruguay
Ireland ,
French West Indies
British Australia
Canary Islands
Swedish West Indies
Chili
French North American Possessions
American.
390
634
131
14
8
44
80
153
162
15
101
37
24
25
29
111
37
50
58
14
3S
17
10
10
22
14
24
17
20
19
15
2
14
2
4
14
2
5
Tons.
441,043
227,453
136,40S
21,965
5,122
7.315
48,990
32.335
35,590
9,289
29,997
33,554
28,910
23.140
23,912
20.849
13.258
13,870
13,956
8,721
14.522
10,743
9,416
6,333
7,436
5,: 33
5,133
4,881
4,226
4,176
3,829
859
2,833
794
1,590
2,227
1,073
2,035
'"l,767
" 1,987
1,557
1,542
1,293
756
Crews.
11,313
7,626
4.542
809
125
284
2,704
1,206
1,338
226
1,064
923
696
592
646
849
412
480
511
229
441
277
242
170
237
155
193
171
152
168
141
25
110
26
44
94
31
63
63
43
45
51
54
19
Foreign.
80
40
11
86
56
279
3
118
30
24
28
6
1
3
5
8
22
26
14
11
"i
1
5
1
4
1
Tons.
130,016
11,288
3,926
58,564
52,797
43,869
819
17,321
5,715
31,231
7,811
3,464
503
4.195
2,867
1,717
6,016
5,741
2.935
7,657
"*1,315
200
2,235
261
740
181
""315
167
130
2,383
331
2,065
1,313
560
1,644
335
2,317
350
2,116
' 250
380
1,005
Crews.
5,959
445
163
1,993
2,057
1,746
27
748
227
1,469
284
109
16
193
87
70
216
231
120
214
47
8
65
10
30
13
7
6
86
14
70
49
26
56
10
80
12
64
12
68
American.
276
442
58
15
*99
86
142
73
43
58
19
3
21
18
53
5
70
31
11
24
5
26
7
37
23
36
13
12
3
If,
2
13
13
Tons.
333,165
179.940
74,938
21,856
"41,830
54.765
28.919
14,492
23,360
15,585
18,127
9,449
10,429
14,041
8,926
1,347
20,054
6,810
6,565
8,932
755
3,188
10,272
2,301
7,897
6,180
8,452
3,022
3,353
982
6,079
821
5.148
1,619
405
4,694
2,525
4,629
27,975
257
263
11.224
120
Crews.
8,732
O.i '47
2,784
998
1,139
2,727
1,091
562
629
590
528
76
459
386
392
45
655
278
165
291
24
85
333
80
314
218
326
121
119
35
204
25
154
76
13
149
72
193
717
8
12
282
6
Foreign.
116
11
9
51
42
400
3
99
9
23
4
1
3
12
5
6
24
Tons.
146.347
6.040
2.743
39,759
47,257
80,215
853
15,549
1,557
31,492
1,079
369
4,195
6,406
1,167
2,077
6,962
413
11,525
1,06S
1,715
636
425
116
Crews.
247
360
987
1.369
1,137
1,021
467
382
3,868
905
4,762
2,051
346
813
0.435
227
122
1,542
1,878
2,S06
34
744
67
1,250
51
14
192
198
50
77
256
19
353
49
72
23
25
9
10
32
48
44
18
17
15
138
45
133
83
12
46
114
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER,
Statistics of American and Foreign Trade.
.- &
EXPORTS.
Tonnage
Cleared.
Amrr
Foreign
A Hi' rican
Fon ton
-
Produce.
Pro
Vi ssels.
Vessels.
1S21
? :. v ■"■
$ 5,264,313
$ 158.174
$ 10.720
1825
2 1.558
14, 97.703
255,87 8
19.851
1830
13.61 v.7>
6,079,705
229.341
30.574
1835
21,707,867
8,1 37,397
589,855
343.078
1840
22,676,609
n.. r ,--7.4;i
618,202
343.114
1845
25,929,901
10,245,394
926,280
414,688
41,602,800
11,20
1.411 S67
737.539
1865
! •
17,3] .:
1,861,682
1.140.197
1868
89,039.790
19.301.134
2.152.835
1,132,568
Value of Articles Imported for the yor ending June 30, 1858.
Articles.
Dutyfree.
Articles from B. A., duty free.
Produce U. S. brought back...
Bullion. gold
silver
Coffee
Coin, gold.
•• silver
Dye stuffs
I
Ground madder
Guano
Painting and statuary
a and linen
. and plants
SilkJ. raw or reeled.
Tin. blocks.
PlgB.
.; duty free
I'ai/ing duty ad valorem.
..."
Cotton, piece goods, plain
hosiery
" thread, twist, and yarn...
" manufactured, not speci-
fied
" bleached or dj'ed
rs and flowers
I or unbleached...
manufactured, not speci-
fied.
CnrTants
Raisin*
nndranaod
1. liters'
plat.'
v . : •
imitation
Goat's hair. Angora, and
Hat* an 1 1 w
Ibtn;
rubber, m t manufiv tur- 1
bar
Cutlery
! run
•• nil r...vl
•• rod
•■ iheel
-. cast, and G.rman....
Inn and ~t- i, otbef manofao-
turn
us
Laces, ry
ctt'in
Uad
dressed
Leather, sole and upper
r.th' r manuf i' tur-
Liquorice paste
Hoi '--'
•1 instruments
i 'pi n in
Paper, writing.
Printed DO -ii
Values.
Nem Tori:.
$ 624,060
1,024,992
269.S33
271,027
6.730.168
6.414.700
8,096,651
689,533
559,635
940.077
477,087
242.64-8
389,519
696,399
276,030
1,293,921
463.1167
327.207
1.173.075
XJ. States.
ii 1.754.255
1,244,692
2.286.099
408.879
18,341,0S1
6.777.295
9.279,969
7,299.540
887,486
3.243J74
643.642
525,376
504,634
971.126
392,440
1,300,065
470,023
594.258
3.843,320
Value of Articles Imported, continued.
$33,072,680 $80,319,255
521.774
430,948
1,625,833
751,429
399,425
8,383,552
549,894
4,308,238
511,276
272,469
762.568
247.510
870,336
388,241
454,344
332,503
332,097
488,741
21
567.061
467,379
1,165,761
281,963
•:
677 I B
J
546,590
I I
870,723
!
437.26S
1,414,168
23V402
772,925
741.077
2,120,868
1,080.671
966.017
12,391.713
654.452
5,598,571
953,436
342,869
1,441,471
321,935
876,156
397.:; L0
626,744
329.241
385.945
M.-.611
1,1S2,837
467,379
r,..;is,913
1,489,054
382,610
739,949
2,087,676
426^99
046,073
1.147.773
725,338
070,188
2^98,709
105.430
1 ,072,243
1,44
1.2.V.7 II
177,005
4.11'' : '
-
-
456J450
Articles.
Baw hides and skins
Salt
S>ilk, hosier} -
piece goods
" and worsted piece goods
" raw
" manufactured, not specified.
Soda, ash
" carb
Spices, cassia
" nutmegs
" black pepper
Spirits, brandy
; ' from grain
Sugars, brown
Tea and coffee from places not
free by treaty
Tin plates
Tobacco, cigars
" unmanufactured
Porcelain, earthen, and stone
ware
■\Yiue, sherry and St. Lucien
" white, not enumerated
" champagne
Wool, blankets
" carpeting
<! hosiery
" piece goods
" worsted
" shawls
" manufact'd, not specified ..
Vnenumerated articles.
At 4 per cent
At 15 per cent
At 24 per cent
Values.
New York. U. States.
Total ad valorem..
Total imports $170,280,887
5,629,029
282.644
341.528
15,304.255
1,183,788
240.501
2.032,614
515,700
267,097
323.041
235,168
269,486
1,410,426
706,945
13,514,09S
442910
3,042,152
2,040,898
1,078,666
1,755,011
286,954
237,710
679,421
976,018
1,195,004
1,378,660
6.719.713
9,192,641
1,742,396
494,915
908,789
1,046,668
836,423
$137,208,207
9.884.358
1,124.920
417,168
16.121.395
1.249,385
242,130
3.207,043
1.211.305
373,599
356.614
378,257
631,723
2,232,452
1.158,517
23,317,435
484,520
3,842,968
4,123,208
1,255,831
3,215.236
343,100
285,125
860,942
1.574,716
1,542.600
1,S37,561
7,626,830
10,7S0,379
2,002,653
663,373
1,367,425
2,314.065
1,465,074
$202,293,875
$282,613,150
Value of U. S. products exported during tlie year ending June
30, 1858.
Articles.
Ashes, pot and pearl
Beef.
Boards, planks, and scantling
Butter
Carriages and rail road cars, &c ...
Cheese
Cloverseed
Copper and bra.*s manufactures
Cotton
Drugs and medicines
Gold and silver coin
" " " bullion
Hams and bacon
Hides
Household furniture
Indian corn
Indian meal
Iron castings
" manufactures
Lard
Le ither
Manufactured tobacco
" cotton (white)
" " other
" wood
nil. spermaceti
•■ whale
Whalebone
Pork
EUce
Bosin and turpentine
Skins and fun
Spirits from grain
" molasses
" of turpentine
Staves and heading
(brown)
Tallow
Tobacco i leaf)
Wheal
Hour
Total of exports $83,403.564 $203,758,279
Values.
iv. r.
$ 527.867
1,312,957
751,334
236,928
526. k ::i
561.451
232.764
1,705,426
8,368.500
452.929
14,917,585
12,456,256
1,485,958
393.1 5S
331,281
1,331,570
234,945
814,986
1.922.734
1.172.950
303,579
1.11 : 8,428
473,838
1,358,779
413,806
1,046.453
412.999
1.105,223
]. 169.707
664.969
1.219.553
SLi2.9S0
243,118
387,084
9 (4,242
231,879
258,226
1,482,070
5. 151. I'M
7,017,790
U.S.
$ 554.744
2.0S1.856
3,428.530
541.S63
777i921
731,910
332.250
1,985.223
131,386,661
681.278
19,474^40
22.933,206
1,957,423
xta.7:.:;
932.499
8,269,039
877,692
464.415
4,059.528
3,809.601
606.589
2,400,115
1,598.136
1,800,285
2,234.678
1,097,503
'597.107
1,105,223
2,852.942
1.S70.578
1.164.210
1,002.378
470,722
1.267,691
1,089,282
1,975.852
375.062
824.970
17,009.767
9,061.504
19,328,884
COMMERCE.
116
Tonnage. — The size of registered American vessels engaged in foreign trade has been steadily
increasing, and has more than doubled within twenty years. Steam vessels were first enrolled in
1823 and first registered in 1830. They now form 12 to 15 per cent, of the total amount of tonnage. 1
Steamboats applying for registry, enrolment, or license must bo inspected under the direc-
tion of a Board of Supervising Inspectors. The United States is divided into 9 Supervising Dis-
tricts, the 2d of which includes the seaboard and the 9th the lakes of New York. Steamboats are
required to be well guarded against fire, to have suitable pumps worked by hand and by steam,
at least two boats, and large steamers more, in proportion to their tonnage, (except upon rivers,) one
life preserver to every passenger, and a certain number of floats, and fire buckets and axes. Their
boilers, engines, and hull must be examined and approved by inspectors appointed by the Col-
lector, the Supervising Inspector for the district, and the Judge of the U. S. District Court ; and
every requirement of the law must be found complied with. Pilots and engineers on steamers
must be examined and licensed by the Inspectors. The present steamboat law was passed Aug.
30, 1852. 2
The Coasting Trade of the United States is entirely restricted to American vessels, and
the share belonging to New York is very great ; but from the want of official returns it cannot be
definitely ascertained. Unless carrying distilled spirits or foreign goods, these vessels are not re-
quired to report their entrance and clearance ; and, as they oftener leave than arrive with these
articles, the number of clearances reported is disproportionately high. 3
1 Average tonnage of vessels at different periods arriving at New
York.
Yes.
American.
Foreign.
Yrs.
American.
Foreign.
1835
1840
1845
245
280
319
193
253
267
1850
1855
1858
ill
527
530
338
223
452
Vessels built in Neio York for 1858.
Districts.
Sag Harbor
New York
Oswegatchie
Cape Vincent
Oswego
Niagara
Buffalo Creek....
Dunkirk
Class
%•
■8
8
"53 £
s a
a ©
go
g
8 ^
,gl &
.§>
©
&2
© s
s
^3,©
K|
41
2
3S
35
K g
2
4
7
2
22
84
1
26
3
141
1
3
6
2
2
10
3
3
i
10
4
14
39
1
1
2
Tonnage.
536.58
6,093.75
26.74
468.78
1,990.79
601.05
7,215.77
252.26
Amount of registered
and enrolled steam tonnage of XT. S. at
different periods.
Years.
Registered.
Enrolled.
Total.
1S25
1830
1835
1840
1845
1850
1855
1858
23.061
63,053
122.474
319.527
481.005
655.240
651,363
23,061
1,419
340
4.155
6,492
44,942
115.045
78,027
64.472
122.814
202.339
525,947
770,947
970,890
Vessels built in the XT. S. at different per iods.
to
3
Classes of Vessels.
-©■ to
1 s
K S
.ft, CM
©
8 J
is
Jo
8
Tonnage.
SjJ
05
§
S53
3a
1,315
1815
136
226
681
274
154,624.39
1820
21
60
301
152
524
47,784.01
1825
56
197
538
168
35
994
114,997.25
1830
25
56
403
116
37
637
5S.094.24
1835
25
50
301
100
30
507
46,238.52
1840
97
109
378
224
64
872
118,309.23
1845
124
87
322
342
163
1.038
146.018.02
1850
247
117
547
290
159
1.860
272.218.54
1855
381
126
605
609
253
2,03 1
583,450.04
1858
122
46
431
400
226
1,225
242,286.69
2 Statistics of Steamers for 1858.
No. of steamers in-
spected and ap-
proved
Tonnage of steamers
inspected
Pilots originally li-
censed within the
year
Pilots whose licenses
were renewed
Engineers and assist-
ants originally li-
censed within the
year
Engineers and assist-
ants whose licenses
were renewed
Lives lost from acci-
dents during the
year
Second
Dist.
N.Y.
Ninth District.
Total.
U.S.
s
o
i
124
47
8
8
839
79,065
3S,314
5,465
3,565
325,262
21
40
364
104
87
21
13
1,540
90
35
435
302
87
18
13
1,809
2
26
5
126
8 Statistics of the Coasting Trade of the Port of New York.
Years.
En
Vessels.
1849
1,855
1S50
1,928
1S51
1,768
1852
1,766
1S53
1,733
1854
1,880
1855
1.966
1856
1,609
Tons.
424,976
4S'.i.:;'.i.-,|
455,542
497.840
507.531
543,452
614,045
539,401
Cleared.
Vessels.
3.994
4.719
4.803
4.680
4,789
4,779
4,563
4,696
Tons.
S95.5S9
1,020,070
1,214,942
1,173,762
1,310,697
1,499,969
1,378,888
1,482,310
Tonnage of Vessels engaged in the Coasting Trade, June 30, 1S5S-
District. Tonnage.
Sag Harbor 7,057.94
New York 580,487.32
Cham plain S.ss.o2
Oswegatchie 11,866.60
Cape Vincent..
Sackets Harbor..
Oswego
Genesee
Niagara
Buffalo Creek
Dunkirk
1.312.16
1,321.22
46,420.19
3,704.31
1,272.31
73.478.80
5,383.50
Total in N. Y 733,192.62
Total in U. S 2,361,595.72
116
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The affairs of commerce relating to police, sanitary, and municipal regulations are governed by
the laws of the State, and their care is intrusted to officers appointed under its authority. These
officers are divided into several classes, each of which has charge of a particular department.
1. The Board of Commissioners of Pilots consists of 5 persons, — 3 elected for 2
years by the Chamber of Commerce, and 2 for a like term by the presidents and vice-presidents
of the marine insurance companies of N. Y., composing or representing the Board of Underwriters
in that city. This Board appoints a secretary, has an office, meets once a month or oftener, and
licenses, for such term as it may think proper, as many pilots as may be deemed necessary for the
port of New York. 1
2. The Board of Health of New York is composed of the Mayor and Common
Council of the city. 2
3. The Commissioners of Health are composed of the President of the Board of
Aldermen, the Health Officer, the Resident Physician, the Health Commissioner, and the City
Inspector.
4. The Health Officer, appointed by the Governor and Senate, is required to board every
vessel subject to quarantine or visitation, upon its arrival, to ascertain whether infectious diseases
are present, and to obtain, in such case, the facts necessary to determine the period that such
vessel must be detained. 3
5. The Resident Physician for the city and county of New York is appointed by the
Governor and Senate. He is required to visit all sick persons reported to the Board of Health,
or to the Mayor and Commissioners of Health, and to perform such other professional duties as
the Board may require.
6. The Health Commissioner, appointed in like manner, is required to assist the
Resident Physician. 4
7. The Quarantine Hospital is located in the town of Castleton, in Richmond co. ; and
Is detained on account of infectious diseases are anchored in the adjacent waters, or, in
sickly seasons, in the lower bay. 5
8. Harbor blasters are appointed by the Governor and Senate, for the purpose of assign-
ing piers and other stations for landing and receiving cargoes. 6
9. The Port Wardens of the Port of JVew York, are appointed by the Governor
and Senate, for the purpose of inspecting vessels and the stowage of cargoes and of estimating all
They consist of a Board of 9 members, one of whom must reside in Brook-
damages to the same.
'id Tmnage of the V. S. engaged in the Coasting Trade for
different periods.
Teart.
Tonnage.
]"• vrt.
Tonnage.
Tears.
Tonnage.
1- ..
516.978.18
1885
1846
792.30L20
1,176,69446
1,190,898.27
1850
L85fi
1858
1.730,410.84
2,401,108.00
2.:;'il..v.'5.72
In • if small vessels under 20 tons
ng trade, 189.21 tons at ?:>■,' II:irl>or and
Tl 2 rt.
1 T! thtu granted may express different degrees of
I > different uranchesof duty, and may
t- r rokedat] i lata must sustain a satisfactory
rumination and bo found of good charactei and temperate
Ive bonds for the faithful discharge of
rd Ii.im power to regulate pilotage; and the
iw. The masters oi ressels of under
i by a citizen of the I'..-, and licensed In the
mploy a pilot unless they prefer. If
r of a Teasel of from 15u t . ..•■ t ns. owned und
pfj iting nil 'd, he
M.iin a license from the Commissioners of Pilots for men
purpose. All : I foreign vessels and ressels dram a
rt, and all onder register by way of
Dudy Book, an required -. .r. II tl
•ley must pay the i the pil t ti r-t offering his
serri I do pi Ivfleges in
this. i Hots most
have served an ir*. and until they attain
irs must have sen deputy
dned repcat<il exam;: ire the Board of
ns In the presence of »t least 2 (Jellgate i il^ts.
Tie- first act regulating I . rk was passed
in 17H1 ; and since that peri"d this service has b en COnd
■in. I r roles anl p n iltiea establish''! by the Colony or Mate of
York. All special laws .
mdy Hook w.-re repealed in 1846. lie- present law was
oiiict<xl in 1853 and amended in 1864-67. The pilot! 1 'lunging
upon steamboats are licensed by inspectors appointed under the
Treasury Department of the U. S. Those employed in conduct-
ing vessels by way of Sandy Hook are licensed by the Board of
Commissioners of Pilots; and those by way of Hellgate, by the
Governor and Senate, upon recommendation of the Board of
Wardens.
2 Boards of Health are by law created in every city, incor-
porated village, and town, nnder an act of 1850; but the greater
nnmber of these have never acted officially. In towns the
Supervisor and Justices of the Peace are a Board of Health, and
may appoint a physician as health officer. — Ecviscd Statutes, 5th
Edition, II, p. 63.
3 The Health ( ifficer resides at quarantine, has general direc-
tion of tie- location of ve-si Is ih -tai ned, their purification, and
the ilisehaige of their cargoes, and other duties connected with
the health of vessels in quarantine. He is paid by fees, and re-
to the Mayor ,,r Commissioners of Health.
♦This officer receives all moneys applied to tho Marine Hos-
I it .ii. and pays all demands against the same that shall have
been approved by a majority of the Commissioners of Health,
lb- reports his accounts monthly to the Board of Health, gives a
bond of $20,000 for the faithful discharge of his duties, and re-
lary of $3,500, to be paid by the Commissioners of
Kmigratioii. The Hoard of Health may from time to time ap-
point as many visiting, hospital, and consulting physicians as
may I"- deemed proper, and may also fix their duties and com-
'ion.
<• Tie- Hospital buildings, destroyed Sept. 1-2, 1858, (see page
have been temporarily rebuilt.
The removal of quarantine to some place less dangerous to
the public health has been fully shown to be necessary ; but the
final disposition of the important question as to whither, is not
settled. The only available place for the construction of build-
ing! seem to be upon some of the shoals in the lower bay. Old
Orchard Shoal, on which the water is from 1 to 3 fathoms deep
at mean l"« ti.],-. has been proposed for this purpose The East
Bank and Pry Potior Shoals have about tho same depth, but
are more exposed to the open sea.
• There are '.) Harbor Masters in New York. 2 in Brooklyn,
and 1 in Albnny. They enforco the regulations of the city
authorities relative to clearing docks and preventing nuisances
or obstructions. They arc paid by fees and report the amount
| thereof annually to the Governor.
COMMERCE.
117
lyn, and 3 must be nautical men. They choose one of their number President, appoint a Secretary,
use a seal, and keep an office. Tbey are exclusive surveyors of vessels damaged or wre<-k<-d, or
arriving in distress, and, when called upon, judge of the fitness of vessels to depart upon voyages.
They are also, upon application, required to estimate the value or measurement of vessels v\li r,
the same is in dispute or libeled; and they may examine goods in warehouses that have bi'en
damaged on shipboard. The Board, or some member thereof, must attend all sales of vessels or
their cargoes condemned and in a damaged state ; and such sales by auction must be made under
the direction and by order of the Wardens, and are exempt from auction duties. 1
The Commissioners of Health are authorized to collect of the masters of every vessel entering
the port of New York a certain tax, for the benefit of the Health Office. 2
The Board of Commissioners of" Emigration, consisting of the Mayors of New
York and Brooklyn, the Presidents of the German Society and Irish Emigrant Society, and G Com-
missioners appointed by the Governor and Senate, have charge of the interests of immigrants
when they first arrive at New York. 3
The Marine Court of the City of IVew York, has jurisdiction in civil cases arising
between persons engaged in maritime affairs, where the sum in dispute does not exceed $500.*
Canadian Trade. — The revenues collected on the Canada frontier, in some periods, have
fallen short of the cost of collecting them. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 admits the greater part
of articles the produce of the U. S. and B. A. into each country respectively free of duty. 5
1 The Wardens are paid by fees and percentages upon sales.
Special Wardens are appointed to reside at quarantine. They
report to the Board of Wardens of N. Y., and have jurisdiction
as wardens over vessels detained in quarantine. The Board
of Port Wardens reports annually to the Comptroller a state-
ment of its receipts and expenses, with an affidavit of each
member and of the Secretary that they have not received
directly or indirectly any moneys except their legal fees.
2 Under an act passed in March, 1801, the amount of this tax
was fixed at $1.50 for every cabin and 75 cts. for every steerage
passenger, mate, and mariner. In 1813 the tax was fixed at
$1.50 for every captain and cabin passenger; $1.00 for every
steerage passenger and mariner of foreign vessels ; and 25 cts.
for master, mate, and sailor of every coasting vessel. The
moneys thus paid, after supporting the Marine Hospital at Quar-
antine and contingencies and yielding $8,000 annually to the
Society for the Reform of Juvenile Delinquents, was invested by
the Comptroller as the "Marine Fund." In 1831 the Board of
Trustees of the Seamen's Fund and Retreat was created, under
whose direction the present establishment known as the ''Sea-
men's Retreat," on Staten Island, more particularly described
on page 566, has since been managed. Of the 44,932 admitted
up to Jan. 1, 1859, 80 per cent, were discharged cured, 8| per
cent, were relieved, 3 per cent, were discharged by request, and
4f per cent. died.
8 The master of every vessel bringing passengers from foreign
countries must give a bond of $300, conditioned that such per-
sons shall not become chargeable for support within 5 years.
They may commute this bond by paying $2 upon each passenger,
of which sum 4- is set apart for the counties other than N.Y.
toward the support of emigrants in the several counties. For
every lunatic, idiot, deaf and dumb, blind, maimed, or infirm
person, and every widow with children, or person over 60 years
of age, and liable to become a public charge, a bond of $500 is
required.
The Commissioners of Emigration have a large establish-
ment on Wards Island for the support of the sick, infirm,
and destitute, and have leased Castle Garden as a general land-
ing place. Emigrants may here purchase tickets for any part
of the Union, and procure such articles as they may stand in
need of, without encountering the horde of faithless agents and
mercenary runners that formerly proved the scourge of immigra-
tion and the disgrace of the city. The Marine Hospital at
Quarantine was placed under these Commissioners in 1847. See
pages 116, 427, 565.
4 These actions may be for compensation for the performance,
or damages for the violation, of a contract for services on board
a vessel during a voyage performed in whole or in part, or in-
tended to be performed, by the vessel ; or for assault and battery,
false imprisonment, or other injury committed on board a ves-
sel upon the high seas, and not coming within the jurisdiction
of the U. S. District Courts. The Marine Court is held daily,
except on Sundays and holidays; and its Justices, three in num-
ber, are elected for a term of 4 years, and enter upon their
duties on the second Tuesday of May after their election. Their
Clerk is appointed by the Supervisors, and their salary is fixed
by the Common Council and cannot be increased during their
term of office.
The State Government, before the adoption of the Federal
Constitution, had instituted a court of Admiralty: but in 1789
it surrendered these powers to the General Government, and
they have since been exercised by the District Court of the I 6
Suits for salvage, and other questions arising in the sale of
wrecked property, are decided in this court.
The Governor appoints 15 Wreck Masters in Suffolk, 12 in
Queens. 3 in Kings, 2 in Richmond, and 2 in Westchester cos.
These officers have, with coroners and sheriffs, the enstody of
wrecks and property cast ashore by the sea. Such property
belongs to the owners, and may be recovered by paying reason-
able salvage and in due course of law.
& Imports from Canada duty free for the year ending June 30,
1858.
District. Value.
Champlain $1,499,819
Oswegatchie 934.708
Cape Vincent 1.210.351
Sackets Harbor 2,892
Oswego 1,859.798
Genesee 263.574
Niagara 786,070
Buffalo Creek 1.336,820
New York 624,060
Total in New York 7,918,092
Total in United States 14,752,255
Statistics of the several Collection Districts upon the Canada Frontier for different periods.
Collection District.
Champlain
Oswegatchie
Cape Vincent....
Sackets Harbor,
Oswego
Genesee
Niagara
Buffalo
1830 to 1848
, (19 years.)
1848 to 1S51, (3 years.)
1851 to 1854, (3 years.)
Gross
Expenses of
Gross
Expenses of
Gross
Expi uses of
Revenue.
Collection.
Revenue.
Collection.
Revenue.
CiUrrtmn.
$192,877.80
$130,938.86
$133,326.68
$22,965.22
$297,601.76
$32,267.44
63,201.74
116.874.47
42,842.41
16.002.22
98,754.11
21.HH.SO
21.649.98
78,437.26
22,410.78
14.222.58
84,577.74
22,935.62
13.983.04
106.492.84
16.603 54
27,000.95
21.204.23
22.164.23
206,759.84
157,519.67
273.173.92
38.210.43
389,711.03
48,211.98
133,019.97
80,954.47
45.324.06
13.368.47
29.430.52
■JI.M'.iU'S
53.527.07
117.943.82
44,076.44
21.277.69
74,641.59
25,618.04
150.437.60
197,653.80
14S.740.03
49.601.19
263,222.58
4:i,473.89
118
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER,
As the only avenue to the sea which Canada possesses is closed by ice during about five months
in the year, the foreign trade of that country in winter must seek other avenues ; and, from the
acknowledged superiority of Xew York as a commercial point, a large part of the trade is through
that port. Over half the vessels that arrive in Quebec come in ballast ; while none leave port
without cargoes of timber or other commodities of the country. This renders the outward freights
disproportionately high ; and, although vessels may load in the upper lakes and pass without tran-
shipment down the St. Lawrence, the difference of ocean freights makes it cheaper to send by the
canals to New York.
The number of vessels and amount of tonnage employed upon the great lakes have been
rapidly increasing for the last 10 years. In the several collection districts of this State, the
ratio of increase has been much greater in ports where railroads terminate. 1
1 Arrivals and Tonnage of the several Districts bordering upon Canada during a series of
nine years.
District.
Champlain
ie
Cape Vincent
Sackets Ilarbor..
Oswego
-e
^.i
Bnfialo Creek....
Dunkirk
L850.
1S51.
1852.
1S53.
1
a£
...:
6?
&9
69
I
OQ
&9
£
340
1
69
69
i
69
1
689
107.957
630
S9.842
22,538
563
31,836
585
380
196.H1. 5
536
250.492
798
341.188
1.001
701,560
482
281
156,351
318
208.186
197
95,548
959
451,587
1,034
279
153.169
230
166.748
218
145,169
139
87,758
77
1,657
195.793
1,599
216,444
1,731
234.625
2.243
274.307
593
215
40.077
232
46,924
264
38.903
295
53.660
285
981
173,286
624
220,528
691
213.613
696
219.241
584
722
108,337
654
96.290
759
106,464
1,037
149,356
792
1854.
57,721
273.272
471,577
54,670
65,213
51.571
236,051
137.0S8
District.
Champlain
Oswegatchie
Cape Vin'-'-nt....
Sackets Harbor
_'o
Genesee
Niagara.
Buffalo Creek...
Dunkirk
1S55.
■§
397
500
1.278
'209
1.517
OM-,
536
816
2
I
25,129
249,909
557,840
125.496
166,641
85.063
209,646
152,540
476
] v,.;.
852
636
1,240
193
1,866
338
563
1,002
54.367
320.834
749,787
135,442
314.657
109,881
166.893
166,020
1S57.
JS
1,053
644
1,128
174
1.815
363
671
837
3
74.710
320,505
661,025
128,685
263.007
116,411
23-.019
118,377
300
1S58.
,3
1,100
398
1,018
110
1,543
208
616
1,153
6
78.256
170.667
555.408
80417
193.691
57.330
254,195
448,786
1.180
Commerce of Canada with the United Sales since 1850, as shown
by the Canadian Official Reports.
Value of Exports from
Value of Imports into
Canada.
Canada.
In 1
14,051,1m
$0,594,860.49
« If
4^071,644.66
8.365.705.25
" 1- .
i. IZi 75
8,467,603.27
« 1-
10,725,465.15
11,782,147.40
" 1
10,4
16,638,007.04
« 1-
20,825,432.44
" 1866
20,21 -
22,704,509.05
" 1
13.206,436.10
20,224,650.97
Commerce of United States with Canada for a series of years, as
shown by the U. S. Official Reports.
Years.
Exports.
Imports.
Foreign.
Domestic.
Total.
1852
1853
1- i
1865
1858
$3,853,919
6,736,555
0,1 B2.716
1 1 .'."19.378
6,81 1,652
4,82
4,012,708
$6,655,097
7,404,087
15,204,144
16,806,642
22,714 607
10,036,113
10,688,050
$10,509,016
13,146,642
24.506,860
27.KOii.o20
20,020,340
24,262.482
23,651,727
$6,110,299
7.550.7 1 8
8,027,560
15.136.734
21.310,421
22,124,296
15,806.519
Arrivals ami Clearances for the several Collection Districts for 1858.
District.
mmi:i::: OS \ ESSELS.
TONNAGE.
i i urn.
CLEARED.
Entered.
Cleared.
s
f
1
g
6i3
106
382
1"!
721
2
S
.5>
1
k
S
1
1
623
188
110
410
81
128
680
1
177
248
679
1,188
177
!--
473
5
477
248
579
1,128
176
450
3
44.590
110,640
.172
117
60.3' .7
3,207
101,817
80
33.666
51.018
Iok.436
44.590
l: il. 727
854,043
75.191
& 1.999
8,602
77.440
375.43J
117
33.666
51.018
198,436
132.055
52,826
152.318
77.449
1.000
138,824
64,128
162,378
70.353
1.100
The above indicates but a part of tb" commerce of these di»- I
tricts. It is probable that the amount of coasting trade which is |
not entered npon the custom house books is much larger in
each district than that here given.
COMMERCE.
119
The canals and rail roads of Canada terminating upon our frontiers are intimately connected
with the commercial prosperity of this State ; and a notice of their extent and capacity is necessary
to a fulj understanding of our commercial possibilities. 1
Custom Houses have been erected by the General Government at New York, Plattsburgh,
Oswego, and Buffalo; and a site has been purchased at Ogdensburgh. These edifices are built of
stun i', fireproof, and are generally fine specimens of architecture. Efforts have been made to
secure the erection of similar buildings at Rochester, Sackets Harbor, Albany, Brooklyn, and
Sag Harbor, but so far without success. 2
1. The WeUand Canal extends from Port Colborne, on Lake
Erie, to Port Dalhousie, on Lake Ontario. It has a feeder branch
to Dunne villa, on Grand River, and another from the feeder to
Port Maitland. It passes sloops, schooners, and propellers of a
capacity of 400 tons. In 1856 its tolls amounted to $261,568.13;
in 1857 to $2:12,437.38; and in 1S58 to $207,771.52.
Tlie Rideau Canal was built as a military work by the Home
Government and transferred some years since to the Province.
It extends from Kingston to Ottawa, most of the way along the
channel of rivers. Its total length is 126 miles. It rises from
Kingston to the summit 165 feet by 13 locks, and descends to
the Ottawa 292 feet by 34 locks. Its total cost was §3,860,000.
The Galoppe, Point Iroquois, Rapid Plat, Farrans Point, Corn-
wall, Be.auharnois, and Lachine Canals extend around the rapids
on the St. Lawrence. Steamers usually pass down the rapids, but
must return by the canals and pay toll both ways. Sail vessels
pass both up and down by canal. These canals afford naviga-
tion down to Montreal, to which point ships mme up from the
sea. The total fall by river without locks is 204j feet to Monti al
and 13 j feet thence to tide water at Three Rivers. The rapids
of the St. Lawrence have been surveyed with the design of
deepening them to afford a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet
deep, but nothing further has been done. These surveys make
Lake Erie 534J feet above tide.
Chambly Canal extends from the foot of navigation on Lake
Champlain to Chambly Basin, and with a lock at St. Ours, upon
Richlieu River, completes the line of navigation from the lake
to the St. Lawrence. A ship canal has recently been proposed
between these important navigable waters.
The amount of tonnage on these canals, in which this State
is interested, is very large; and in the Welland Canal more than
half the duties are paid by American vessels.
Statistics of the Business of the Canadian Canals for two years.
Welland Canal.
St. Lawrence Canai.
Chamelt Canal.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
276,919
699,637
31,334
52,100
34.710
116.582
200,373
341.225
245,256
655,816
67,476
29.128
137,574
163,217
280.546
245,256
131,430
503,106
5,274
33,888
6,380
15,612
213
306
134,382
459.270
4,493
30,366
9,328
3,765
17
30
107,878
21,788
96,868
16,741
725
112,634
21.053
107,925
18.272
156
" " " down
•' " " down
'• " " down
" " fines
£ s. d.
59.408 10 7
0,1 OS 3 11
88 7 6
440 1 3
1,967 4 4
£ s. d.
52.239 16 5
5.919 9 7
82 3 2
155
1.504 5 7
£ s. d.
16,813 13 5
1,978 6 5
6S8 16 4
910 7 10
1,042 10
£ s. d.
13.741 10 3
1.898 8 11
579 10 4
203 10 4
1,503 19 10
£ s. d.
2,467 9 9
432 16 1
18 4
£ s. d.
2.577 6 8
443 19 10
10 11
60 10 4
28 5
Statistics of the Canadian Canals.
Canals.
Welland
Feeder
Broad Creek
Branch
Rideau
Galoppe
Point Iroquois
Rapid i'lat
Farrans
Point
Cornwall
Beauharnois...
Lachine
("Chambly
\ St. Ours (lock)
SJ.S
28 |
21
H
1264.
2
3
4
m
Hi
8,8
*-s^
1 330 1
457
8
6
m
4
48
82|
44*
74
5
Size of Locks.
3J *S
>>^
sJ
150
200
150
200
134
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
120
200
20!
45
26i
45
33
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
24
45
Width of
Canal.
• 45
35
45
50
50
50
50
100
80
80
36
f
( 81
171
85
75
90
90
90
90
90
150
120
120
60
It has been proposed to build a ship canal from Lake Huron
to Lake Ontario at Toronto, by way of Lake Simcoe. 80 mi. A
cutting to allow Lake Simcoe to pass southward would not ex-
ceed 175 ft. in depth: and in the 8 mi. surveyed the principal
obstacles would not average over 40 ft. It has been estimated
that the cost for a canal 120 ft. wide at bottom, and 130 ft. at
surface, 12 ft. deep, with 64 double locks 5') ft. wide, and 250 ft-
lung, would be $20,051,000, and that it could be constructed in
5 years.
Great Western Railway of Canada, from Suspension Bridge to
Windsor, 229 mi., and thence by ferry to Detroit, was opened
Jan. 27, 1854. Branches extend from Hamilton to Toronto, 38
mi.; from Harrisburgb *o Quel ph. 23f mi.; from Preston to
Berlin, 104 mi. ; and from Kamoka, near London, to Port Sar-
nia, 60 mi.
Buffalo & Lake Huron Railway extends from Fort Erie, op-
posite Buffalo, to Goderich Harbor, on Lake Huron, 165 mi.
Brie <£• Ontario Railway extends from Chippewa to Niagara,
17 miles.
Welland Railway, from Fort Dalhousie to Port Colborne, 27
mi_ is on the eve of completion.
Grand Trinik Railway of Canada extends from Portland, Me.,
and Quebec to Richmond, and thence to Montreal, Toronto, and
Port Sarnia, at the foot of Lake Huron. More than 700 mi. of
this road are finished. A branch extends from Belleville to
Peterborough, 50 mi., and others are proposed.
Ontario, Simcoe de Huron Railway extends from Toronto to
Collingwood, on Georgian Bay, 95 mi.
Coburg dk Peterborough Railway is 28j mi. long, with privi-
lege of extending to Marmora Iron Works.
Ottawa <£• Prescott Railway extends from Prescott to Ottawa
City. 54 mi.
Montreal £■ New York R. R. extends from Montreal to La-
chine. 8 mi., and thence by ferry, 2 mi., always open, to Caugh-
nawaga, the terminus of a road leading to Plattsburgh, 52 mi.
This line is now united with the Champlain <£ St. Lawrence R.
R., from St. Lambert, opposite Montreal, to Rouses Point. 44
mi.; and the consolidated company is known as the Montreal it-
Champlain Rail Road Co.
2 Cwtom Houses of New York.
Place.
Total appro-
priation.
Cost
Of site.
Total.
New York
$1,068,743
C|;i,<MH)
118,000
131,100
290.000
$270,000
5.000
8.1 tOO
12,000
40.000
$1,105,313.57
86,443.73
Plattsburgh
Oswego
121,092.89
191,680.08
Buffalo
Total New York...
Total U. States
Sl.7u7.743
$335,000
$1,504,530.27
$24,104,799
$3,3S8,S27
$10,529,951.72
120
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Marine Hospitals. — Since 1778, every American seaman has been taxed 20 cents per
month for a Hospital Fund : and in return he is entitled in case of sickness to assistance and support
from the revenues thus collected. This fund is in charge of the IT. S. Government, and is entirely
independent of the various State and private hospital funds of New York City. 1
L<is;lit Houses. — The United States Government has erected 02 light houses, lighted beacons,
and floating lights within the State of New York, for the benefit of navigation. Of these, 3 are
upon the seacoast, 15 upon Long Island Sound, 4 within the Harbor of New York, 10 upon Hudson
River, 3 upon Lake Champlain, 14 upon Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River, and 7 upon Lake
Erie. The Government has also erected buoys, spindles, beacons, and other signals to indicate
channels or to point out dangerous localities. 3
The site for the New York Custom Hon?.- was purchased Jan. |
9, 1833. the building was completed Feb. 22, 1*42 : it is used for
a custom house only. The site f r the Plattsburgh Custom
House was purchased Nov. 22, I860, the building was completed
May 10. 1S5S: it is used for a custom house, post office, and
courthouse. The site for the Ogdensburgh Custom House was
purchased Jan. 20, 1867, the building has not been commenced:
it is nS-igned to be \i — 1 f r a custom house, post office, and
courthouse. The site for the Oswego Custom House was pur-
chased Dec. 15, 1S54. the building was completed Sept. 1, 1858:
it is used fir a custom house and post office. The site for the
Buffalo Custom II use was purchased Jan. 26, 1855, the building
was completed July 12, 1S5S: it is used for a custom house, post
office, and courthouse.
The Custom Souse in New York occupied before the present
one was finished was erected in 1816. at a cost of $928,312.96.
In l s 50 the only custom house building in the State belonging
to the United States was at New York City. On the 19th of
Feb. 1*57. the Federal Government purchased a site for stores
at Atlantic docks, Brooklyn, for $100,000; but as yet no use has
been made of it
1 The Federal Government has built 34 marine hospitals.
none of which are in this State. Those entitled to aid are
supported in this State in private families or local hospitals.
The number of seamen relieved and supported in the several
1 collection districts in the year ending June 30
follows : —
1858, was as
Collection Dis-
trict.
**>
s
"8
•«:
3
<5
Total ex-
penditures.
Hospital
money col-
lected.
Oswegatchie
Cape Vincent...
Sackets Harbor
824
10
86
4
76
924
12
98
3
86
*2
"i
3
$ 19.19
22,485.94
403.81
15.15
$ 289.63
42.576.78
412.60
544.93
253.50
60.70
975.42
9S.00
92.19
2.320.50
269.S8
142.15
3,632.21
183.86
3,770.92
Buffalo Creek-
Total New York
Total U. States..
1.000
1,123
$30,653.23
$47,894.13
10,703
9.444
381
$358,020.53
$161,161.82
Light Houses.
Name.
Location.
{E.pcint of S.Branch. 1
U f
I i-)i-rs Island Sound...
{8. side main en-1
trance Sound /
v.p"jrii l-lan'l
w. end I'lniii Island.
uk
North Dumpling
Little Gulls Island....
Gardner! Island
I'lnm Island
Cedar Island Entranc - _ Harbor..
at s. ride of Bonthold
Stratford PL Teasel- > ,"' " »
'■l Shoals . )
Oldfl-I'l Petal Brookbaven
r. of Huntington Bay...
. I ! \
wich Point ..
Bands Point t of Cow Bay
Throggs Neck SJLaide of Fort Schuyler
rPonqtn _-•!•■ Point)
Great V
I B • I
ind Inlet..
; H
«3
53
Swash Chum 1
Prinr»« Bnv
I .mpkins
Robbin« !!•• f
Btoqj Point
Point
i'. .
I]
Boodont
Sangerti-i .
near
1 ll ' ttion
vs
ofT Tompklnsrfl]
f w. I
- )'
• W. Ride
m. side
' en-
creek w.
I of river
V. of
20
12
13
6
12
10
18
10
13
17
lo
12
12
16
10
20
15
M
16
1.',
13
20
I I
10
10
10
1
Flashing .
Fixed
Rev< Iving
Fixed
S
6
White .
Red....
Brown .
Wliite.
Red
raw col..
" White
Ri rolvtag
!
Iving
2 Fix. 1 ..
inc..
i
It rick.. .
fellow.
whit-' red.
White.
w
IB*
•w
l-s
•§>
io
g
so
s
-3
*
■« -c
5 u
s*
8
I.
w
,2
"B
85
160
Ex
—
tx
6
1795
1857
1
25
70
1848
1S55
6
56
74
1806
1857
3
27
29
1-;.:,
6
34
63
i- :
1856
4
31
34
1839
1855
6
30
110
1857
3
32
40
1837
1855
34
67
1823
1856
4
56
13S
1798
1*57
3
:i
^s
1 867
5
.1
62
1868
4
42
.' 1
1 348
1866
4
41
58
1856
4
61
GO
1826
1855
6
150
160
1857
1
150
166
1868
1
59
1866
8
2
33
1828
1867
3
46
89
1 855
4
51
66
1839
is;,;,
4
150
22
1826
1855
6
32
38
1868
6
32
38
1839
1854
6
32
38
1838
1854
6
37
42
1835
1854
6
Remarks.
( Fresnellens;
[ 2 min.
flash
Fog bell. Machine.
i I -' 30 sec.
Light on keeper's
house.
(2 reflector lights.
\ Fog bell.
Fog belL Machine.
I Lash 30 sec.
Fog Bell. Machine 7
per min.
First light house
built in 1826.
Fog bell.
On keeper's house.
COMMERCE.
121
Lifeboat Stations have also been established by the General Government upon the sea-
coast and great lakes. On the shores of Long Island and the adjacent islands arc 30 lifeboat sta-
tions, the first of which were established about 1850. Each of these consists of a house, containing
a lifeboat, boat wagon, life cars, mortar for throwing lines, and every fixture that could be a -< <l in
affording aid to vessels in distress. The houses are furnished with stoves for warming them when
necessary, and with fuel and matches for kindling a fire on short notice. They are each inl rusted
to a local agent, and arc under the general care of a superintendent appointed by the Secretary of
the Treasury. Their location is indicated on the map.
Coast Survey. — A survey of the coast, with soundings of its adjacent waters, was ordered
by the General Government about 50 years since; but many years were necessarily employed in
making preliminary arrangements. Active surveys were begun about 1832, and during the
last 15 years they have been prosecuted with great effect. The triangulations of this survey
are conducted with great precision, and extend up all rivers navigable from the sea as far as
tide flows.
Name.
Catskill Reach ...
Pry mes Hook
Four Mile Point.
Coxeackie
Stuyvesant
New Baltimore
Five Hook Island..
Coeymans Bar
Schodack Channel.
Cow Island
Van Wies Point
Split Rock
Cumberland Head.,
Point au Roche
Ogdensburgh
Cross Over Island .
Sunken Rock.
Rock Island...
Tibbetts Point..
Galloo Island...
Horse Island....
Stony Point....
Salmon River.,
Oswego
Big Sodus Bay .
Genesee
Genesee Beacon.
Niagara Fort
Cattaraugus
Dunkirk
Dunkirk Beacon
Barcelona
Light Houses, continued.
Black Rock Beacon...
Horse Shoe Reef.
Buffalo
Location.
fllalf way Athens')
< and Catskill, e. of >
I river J
2 mi. N. Hudson, E. side
w. side. Half way
Athens and Cox-
sackie
(w. side. n. end of 1
\ Cow Island J
E.side
E. side on island
Calvers Plat Island
x. end Poplar Island....
w. side Mulls Plat
E. side near Castleton..
f E. of dike below Al
\ bany. w. side
*!:}
Near Essex....
Near Plattsburgh
w. of Lake Champlain .
Mouth of Oswegatchie.
Above Oak Point..
In front of Alexan-
dria Bay
Near Mullet Creek ...
/ Entrance of St.Law-
\ rence
w. side island
Near Sackets Harbor ...
On Stony Point
N. side entrance harbor..
w. pier harbor
w. of Sodus Harbor
w. of entrance to river..
End of w. pier
Outlet of Niagara River.
f Near head Niagara "1
\ River /
Entrance Niagara River
s. pier. Harbor
' w. pier. Cattaraugus )
Creek J
Harbor
Pier w. side harbor
Portland or Barcelona..
5 -8
51
Fixed
Revolving,
Fixed
Revolving
Fixed
Flashing .
Fixed
Flashing..
Fixed
"fe.
White.
White .
32
32
20
32
32
20
"20
15
32
36
5>B
38
38
35
38
38
21
25
25
25
21
15
100
55
30
59
42
39
49
59
64
81
28
1854
1851
1854
1829
1829
1S54
1857
1857
1857
1854
1854
1S38
1837
1S57
1S34
1847
1847
1S47
1827
1820
1831
1837
1838
1837
1S25
1822
1822
1813
1853
1856
182S
1S47
1837
1837
1S29
"§>
1854
1S54
1854
1856
1855
1S55
1855
1855
1855
1857
1857
1857
1855
1855
1858
1S55
1855
1857
1857
1857
1854
1857
Remarks.
6
6
6 On keeper's house.
Building. (185S.)
Light on keeper's
house.
Light on keeper's
house.
Light on keeper's
house.
Rebuilt 1854.
Shoal N. w.
Light on
dwelling.
Light on
dwelling.
Light on
dwelling.
1 mi.
keeper's
keeper's
keeper's
Lake coast light.
Lake coast and har-
bor light.
Frame. Harbor light.
On mess house. Fort
Niagara.
Lake coast light.
Rebuilt 1*57.
Lake coast light.
Harbor light on ) i.-r.
Lighted with natural
gas. No harbor at
this place.
Besides the above, there are nine State lights established in 1856 in the marshy "Narrows" at the head of Lake Champlain.
Big Sodus Beacon was destroyed in a gale in 1857.
A flashing light has been authorized at Crown Point.
122
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
There are lifeboats on Lake Ontario at Tibbetts Point, Sandy Creek, Salmon River, Oswego,
Sodus, Genesee River, and Niagara River, which were supplied by the U. S. Government in the
summer of 1854. Several have also been placed on Lake Erie. None of those on the lakes have
been provided with houses, except such as have been erected by the persons having them in
charge.
Immigration into the U. S. for many years past has been very great; but the proportion
landing in New York "has been less than the relative amount of trade. Other routes in some
respects afford superior facilities for immigration. The large number of ships arriving in Canada
without cargoes favors immigration to a great extent; and hundreds of thousands of immigrants
have crossed into this State from Canada without their names ever appearing on the U. S. Govern-
ment records. These immigrants have consisted chiefly of Irish and Germans ; though there has
also been a large number of English, Scotch, and Norwegians. The greater part of the immi-
grants either locate in the cities or immediately pass on to the wild lands of the "West. The En-
glish and Scotch usually prefer to settle in Canada. 1
Assay Office. — By an act of 1853, the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to establish an
assay office at Now York, for the special accommodation of the business of the city. At this
place the owners of gold or silver bullion, or of foreign coin, may deposit the same, have its value
rained, and certificates issued payable in coin of the same metal as that deposited, either at
the office of the assistant treasurer in New York, or at the Mint in Philadelphia. The metal
asE I may, at the option of the owner, be cast into bars, ingots, or discs, of pure metal, or of
standard fineness, and stamped with a device designating its weight and fineness. This office is
under the general direction of the Director of the Mint, in subordination to the Secretary of the
Treasurv. The Assay Office is located on Wall St., adjacent to the Custom House, and is fitted up
with every appliance for carrying on its operations upon a very extensive scale. Its lofty chimney,
emitting dense, orange colored fumes of nitric acid, forms a conspicuous object in the district.
About 50 men are employed upon the premises. Its officers are a superintendent, treasurer, as-
Bayer, melter, and refiner, with their assistants and clerks. The site of the Assay Office was
bought Aug. 19, 1853, for $553,000, and the premises were fitted up and completed Oct. 9, 1854,
at a total cost of $761,493.G2. 2
The .Mail Service of the State of New York forms about 5 per cent, of the whole U. S. in
miles, and 7 per cent, in cost, while the receipts from postage in this State amount to 22 per cent.
1 Passengers arriving by Sea at New York since 1820.
i
h
£>
eo
q
c
a
=-.-
a .
°<-A
%i
■fe g
*« C
"fel
3^34
t
|
—
1 830
1374*
! 1840
M,.M,'.
1840
213,736
i-ji
1 881
10,737
1-11
I860
184,882
i-.-j
4 lie
1842
74,014
1851
294,445
1844
1853
204,818
1845
76,614
1864
" 1
"
1 B 16
"
1847
I860
162,108
1 - -
! 1848
160,994
1857
203,500
1829
I :1 1 4 >i tlr ■•'■ returns were made ap to8ept.80; l>ut since
ii \' ir. The Dumber tx '
icluded in the above, waa8t
Tli- t til nui. r* who arrived in the U.S. from
183 ~. <>f which number Zfi28f36 arrived
in Bew V'rk.
'T !imi>iit of ii ' * . . «■ V>rk hai l.cn r
edly - [machinery >■■ th-exist-
Ing Assay office cold be made »t a rn'-l -i«e.
Amounts Assayed at tht I'. S Anay Qfflot in N u> Y"rk.
Fine
■rt.
TV
Volut.
vut
fi-
•
1 •
|0,7
1867
123317.00
1868 to June 30
Zl.708,691.04
171.
• .1
..21,013
$73,800,024.74
1802,071.79
Total Pieces. Total Value.
1854 822 $2,888,059.18
1855 6,182 20,441,813.63
1S5G 4.799 19,402,839.52
1857 2.780 9,458,721.00
1858 to June 30 7,946 21,970,052.83
Total 22,509 $74,162,096.16
Amounts Deposited.
Silver.
From Oct. 10 to Dec. 31. 1854 $9.200,*93.69 $76,807jOO
Prom Jan. 1 to Dec. 81, 1855 26,687,701.24 350.150.08
From .Tun. 1 to p.-c. 31. !-'■ 17.S03.692.40 474.101.38
From Jan. 1 to Pec. 31, 1^57 18.097.365.40 1.397.702.99
Total $72,749,052.73 $2,298,331.45
72,740,662.78
Total gold and silver $75,047,974.18
Proportion Of the above pnvablc in fine bars. $47,817,597.00
coin 27,230,37718
T-tal $75,047,974.18
Amounts transmitted to the Mint for Coining.
r,v,«. Silver.
Friii", t. ; 1.1854 $5,142,262.60 $41,417.89
Pi in Jan. I to Dec. 31, 1855 7,722,47647 71.587.34
Prom Jan. 1 to Dec 31, 1866 6,797,652.33 412,416.06
Frmjan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1857 9,3 7,928.89 1,842,768.71
1 $27,970,260.29 $2,368,190.00
Cost of transportation from the Assay Office to the Mint and
return : —
"ii gold, : i perfcLOOO $27,834.11
On nlver, $3 per $1,000 7.1ul.9tj
Total $31,936.15
COMMERCE.
123
of the whole sum collected, and exceed by over $300,000 per annum the expenses of the establish-
ment within its borders. The total expenses in the U. S. overrun the receipts by about $3,500,000
annually. 1
There were four Distributing Post Offices in New York, dan. 1, 1859, located respectively at
New York, Albany, Troy, and Buffalo. The Troy post office was dij-continued as a distributing
office July 1, 1859.
i Rtst Office Summary for the year ending June 30, 1858.
Length of routes in miles
Transportation in coaches, miles
" " cost
" in steamboats, miles
" " cost
" by railroad, miles
" " cost
" mode not specified, miles
« ; " " cost...
Total cost of transportation
Total number of miles by coaches
" " steamboats ....
" " railroads
" " modes not spe-
cified
" " every method.
Number of mail routes
" contractors
" route agents
" express agents
" local agents
" mail messengers
New
York
Stale.
13078
4,961
$109,490
108
$7,298
2,894
$333,163
5,055
$68,100
$518,060
2,430,792
108,944
3,961,795
1,468,312
7,969,843
S2S
702
55
11
2
315
United
Stales.
260,603
53.700
$1,909,844
17,043
$1,233,916
24,431
$2,828,301
165,429
$1,823,357
$7,795,418
19,555,734
4.569.610
25,763.452
28,876.695
78.765.491
8,296
7,044
440
28
43
1,464
Exchange Offices under the postal arrangement vjith Canada.
In tiik United States.
Black Rock
Buffalo
Cape Vincent...
Fort Covington.
Lewiston
Mooers
Morristown
In Canada.
Wllti I Ion.
Toronto, Hamilton, London, and
Queeneton, (by through
bags,) Port Erie, and Porta
Denver, Slmcoe, Rowan, Btn>
v. ill. Vienna, and .Stanley,
Montreal.
Kingston.
Dundee.
Queenston.
Hemingford.
Brockville.
Ogdensburgh i Prescott.
Oswego ,
Plattsburgh.
Rochester
Rouses Point
Sackets Harbor.
Kingston. By steamer in sum-
mer.
Montreal, St. Johns.
Coburg. By steamer in sum-
mer.
St. Johns.
Kingston. By steamer in sum-
mer.
Suspension Bridge and Canada;
Route agents.
Montreal; by through bag.
St. Johns.
Niagara.
From New York City to every port and country with which
the U. S. has postal arrangements.
Suspension Bridge..
Troy
Whitehall..
Youugstown.
Mail Routes in New York by Railroad and Steamboat.
Termini.
Bt Railroad. (June 30, 1858.)
New York to Dunkirk
New York to Albany
New York to Chatham Four Corners
Brooklyn to Greenport
Sufferns to Piermont
Newburgh to Chester
Hudson to West Stockbridge, Mass
Albany to Buffalo
Albany to Troy
Albany to Eagle Bridge
Troy to North Bennington, Vt
Troy to Schenectady
Troy to Saratoga Springs
Eagle Bridge to Rutland, Vt
Saratoga Springs to Castleton, Vt
Plattsburgh to Canada Line
Rouses Point to Ogdensburgh
Watertown to North Potsdam
Sackets Harbor to Pierrepont Manor
Schenectady to Ballston
TJtica to Boonville
Rome to Cape Vincent
Syracuse to Rochester
Syracuse to Oswego ,
Syracuse to Binghamton
Canandaigua to Elmira
Canandaigua to Niagara Falls
Rochester to Niagara Falls
Rochester to Avon
Batavia to Attica
Buffalo to Lockport !
Buffalo to Lewiston
Buffalo to Hornellsville
Buffalo to State Line
Corning to Batavia
Owego to Ithaca
Bv Steamboat. (Sept. 30, 1858.)
New York to Manhasset ,
Albany to New Baltimore
Whitehall to Plattsburgh
Ithaca to Cayuga .•
Distances.
Nn. of
trips per
week.
19
Annual pay.
Total annual
cost.
Number of
Haute.
460
$92,000
$117,378
1.026
144
19
32,400
44.612
1,002
1304,
6
5,593
8,865
1,003
98
18
8.225
11,147
1,007
18
6
772
870
1.026
19
6
814
891
1,032
35
6
1,750
1.770
1,064
298
25
51.600
62,442
1.073
7
13
1,050
1.050
1,074
33
12
2,829
3,946
1,075
32i
12
3,250
4,329
1.0S2
22
12
1,650
1,725
1.083
32.81
12
3,281
3,942
1,084
62J
12
6,250
7.244
1,091
54
12
5,400
6.567
1,099
23
6
986
1,163
1,122
119
12
9.700
11.252
1.123
76
6
3,800
5,505
1,146
18^
6
792
1,117
1,153
16
6
800
950
1.164
35
12
2.625
2,886
1,200
97
18
8.329
10,975
1,210
104
12
20,800
23,099
1,228
354
12
3,043
3.463
1.229
80
6
3,429
4,952
1.230
6Si
12
5,137*
6,524
1,269
97
18
6,100
8,094
1,270
75
12
11,400
14,230
1.275
18
6
772
1,030
1,278
11
6
550
650
1.300
22
12
1,100
1,100
1.312
29
12
1,450
1,560
1.313
91
12
6.825
7,657
1,314
69
19
13,800
17,741
1.315
100
6
4,286
7,533
1,369
33
12
1,415
2,313
1,375
18
5
300
1.004
15
95
40
6
11 (for 7
485
1,076
4 800
1.108
months)
6
1,713
1,375
124
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Fisheries in New York, although considerable in amount, are quite subordinate to
other branches of industry. The -whale fisheries, formerly of great importance, are now chiefly
limited to Sag Harbor, Greenport, and Cold Spring Harbor. 1 The shores and bays of Long Island
Bupport great numbers of fishermen, and the product of their labor chiefly finds a market in New
York City. 2 The Hudson yields shad, sturgeon, and other fish in great quantities ; 3 and there are
extensive fisheries upon the great lakes, especially near the e. end of Lake Ontario and in the
waters of Chaumont Bay. 4 The waters of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence formerly
abounded in salmon; but, from the building of dams and mills, or other causes, the tributaries of
these waters now afford but very small supplies. Trout and other fish highly prized for food
abound in the clear mountain streams of Northern New York. Hundreds of millions of "bony
fish" are taken annually around Long Island for manure; and the manufacture of oil from sharks,
porpoises, and other fish has been at various times carried on with encouraging success. Numerous
special laws have been passed for the preservation of fish in certain waters and at particular sea-
sons ; but this is now made one of the subjects within the legislative jurisdiction of Boards of
Supervisors.
United States Ocean Mail Lines connecting with New York, Sept. 30, 1858.
RoCTES.
N. Y. via Southampton, England, to Bremenhaven, Germany,
X. Y. to AspinwaU, New Grenada, direct
X. Y. mi Havana t New Orleans
N. V. to Liverpool, England
N. Y. 1 England, to Havre. France
11
3,700
13
2.000
24
2.000
24
3,100
20
3,270
13
Annual
Pay.
$60,000
| 290,000
3S5,000
Postages
Remarks.
Act of June 14. 1S58.
/Contract under Acts of 1S47
( and 1851.
Contract Act 1847. Now under
Act of Juno 14. 1858.
Act of June 14. 1858.
Comparative Receipts and Expenses of the Post Office in New York and all the Offices in the
United Slates for the year ending July 30, 1858.
New
Tor!.:
United
States.
New
York.
United
States.
S2S5.207.46
90.244.30
2,87465
1 . - L98
1.458,711.39
(882,12255
593.407.19
28,146.95
5,692,366.63
7,196,043,72
$316,267.39
311.893.98
628J.61.37
525.950.00
1,164,111.37
$2,349,260.49
1.1H4.183.53
3,453,444.02
7,344,619.44
10,798,063.46
- Id
1 The right to drift whales was often made a suhject of special
by th<- Indiana of L'.ng Island: anil the
ire "f whale* in open boats from the Bhore has continued
■iient to the present time. Scarcely a year
Ing taken alone the shore of the
: The whale fisheries from Hudson, roughkeepsie, and
iltogi ther. i <u the ""ill of
• re employed in the whale fisheries
i. an. I 2.i::i'..27 tons at
I total of whaling vessels in the U.S. at
51 : ids.
*1i v v.. on tiic East River, at the
-.tin- block. The rarer kind- are
I in the ^ Market. A record kept in 1866
onun ad 20 families, aa flrand in
these markets, the majority of them heing marine fi-h from tho
waters adjoining Long It-land and the New England coast. A
few came from the South, and many from the interior lakes and
rivers.
> It in estimated that $100,000 worth of shad are taken annu-
ally l.i-i. .v.- tin- Highland--. They are canghl Insein aearlyas
far np as Alhaiiy. Al.mit -Ji.OOO worth of sturgeon are sold
annually at the Albany market.
* As many as lo.uon II. Is. have heen taken at Chaumont Bay
in one gea on, although sometimes no more are tak.-n than
enough t" Bupply the local want. The fish are chiefly Lake her-
ind whitefisb. The amount of tonnage invested in this
State in the i d fisheries is quite unimportant, and amounted
in June, 1868, to 1•'••l,■ , .■_ , tons at Greenport, and 159.34 tons at
I els under 20 tons.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
In 1754 King's College was incorporated in N. Y. City by patent, and libe-
rally endowed by a lottery and grants of land. At the commencement
of the Revolution it was the only incorporated educational institution in
the colony. In 1784 its name was changed to Columbia College; and
in connection with it an extensive scheme of education was devised, in
[which the college was to be the center of the system, and subordinate
jUjj] branches were to be established in different parts of the State, — the
whole to be under the control of a board denominated "Regents of the
University." This board was to consist of the principal State officers,
two persons from each co., and one chosen by each religious denomi-
nation. The number of the Regents was afterward increased by add-
ing 33 others, 20 of whom resided in N. Y. City. This whole scheme
was found to be impracticable; and by act of April 13, 1787, it was superseded by a system which
has continued without essential change to the present time.' By this act the Governor, Lieut.-Gov-
ernor, and 19 persons therein named were constituted
Regeilts of the University, and required to visit and inspect all colleges and academies,
and report their condition, annually. They might appoint presidents of colleges and principals
of academies for one year, in case of vacancy, and incorporate new colleges and academies, pro-
viding the revenue of the latter should not exceed the value of 4,000 bushels of wheat annually. In
1842 the Secretary of State, and in 1854 the Superintendent of Public Instruction, were made ex
officio members of the Board of Regents. Vacancies are filled by the Legislature in the same manner
that U. S. Senators are appointed; and Regents hold their office during life, unless they resign or
forfeit their place by removal from the State, by accepting the office of trustee in an incorporated
college or academy, or by accepting a civil office the duties of which are incompatible with their
duties as Regents: 2 but the members maybe removed by concurrent resolution of the Senate and
Assembly. 3 They receive no pay. Under a special act of 1791, the Regents appoint the faculty
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of N. Y. and confer degrees upon its gradu-
ates. 4 They confer the honorary degree of M.D. upon four persons annually, upon recommenda-
tion of the State Medical Society, and may grant any honorary degree. They have exercised
this right by conferring the degree of LL.D. upon 12 persons since their first organization. 5
In 1821 they were authorized to incorporate Lancasterian and select schools. 6 In 1844 the Regents
were made trustees of the State Library, and, with the Superintendent of Schools, were charged
with the supervision of the State Normal School. In 1845 they were made trustees of the State
Cabinet of Natural History, and in 1856 were intrusted with what remained of the publication of
the colonial history. Their secretary and the Secretary of State are commissioners to superintend
the completion of the publication of the natural history of the State.
The Regents annually apportion $40,000 of the income of the Literature Fund 7 among academies,
in proportion to the number of students pursuing the classics or the higher English branches;
1 The authorship of this system has been generally ascribed to
Alexander Hamilton, then in the Assembly. The original drafts
of the act, still preserved, and the legislative journals of that
period, show that Ezra l'Hommedieu, then in the Senate, was
prominently concerned in its passage, if not the original mover.
The bill was introduced in the Senate upon a petition from Clin-
ton Academy, in Suffolk co.
2 What these offices are does not appear to have been settled.
On several occasions an appointment to the bench of the Supreme
Court has created a vacancy. Non-attendance at the meetings
of the Board during one year has also been construed to vacate
the seat of a Regent.
3 This power has never been exercised by the Legislature.
* A similar power existed with regard to the Western College
of Physicians and Surgeons at Fairfield, during its existence.
* The honorary degree of M. D. had been conferred upon 120
persons previous to 1859. Resolutions were passed, Oct. 14, 1851,
for conferring the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of
Literature ; but none have been granted.
6 This right has been exercised four times, viz.: —
Select School at Henrietta. Monroe co., July 2, 1827.
Lewiston High School Academy, Niagara CO., April 16, 1S28.
Fabius Select School, Onondaga co., Feb. 27, 1841.
Hunter Classical School, Greene CO., June 23, 1851.
Lancasterian schools were incorporated by special acts, as
follows : —
Albany, Lancaster School Soc., May 26, 1812.
Catskill, Lancaster School Soc, March 14, 1817. Repealed April
20, 1830.
Hudson, Lancaster Soc, April 15, 1817.
Schenectady, Lancaster School Soc, Nov. 12, 1816.
Poughkeepsie, Lancaster School Soc.
f This fund originated with certain tracts of land reserved for
literature, and was largely increased by four lotteries, granted
April 3, 1801, by which $100,000 were to be raised for the joint
benefit of academies and common schools, but chiefly for the
latter. In 1816, the avails of the Crumhorn Mountain Tract,
amounting to $10,416, were given from the general fund to aca-
demies and common schools; and in 1S19 the arrears of quit-
rents, amounting to $53,3S0, were also thus equally divided. In
1827, $150,000 was given to this fund bv the Legislature; and on
the 17th of April, 1838, the sum of $28,000 was set apart annually,
from the incomo of the U. S. Deposit Fund, for distribution
among academies. The sum previously applied for this purpose
was $12,000 annually; and since lS34a small part of the income,
aside from this, has been applied, from time to time, to the pur-
chase of apparatus.
This fund was managed by the Regents until, by act of Jan.
25, 1832, it was transferred to the Comptroller for investment, —
the Legislature appropriating the proceeds annually, and the
Regents designating the scale of apportionment.
The principal of the fund amounted, Sept. 30, 1853, to $269,952
.12, aside from the U. S. Deposit Fund, and was invested chiefly
in stocks and Comptroller's bonds.
126
126
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
designate such academies as shall receive aid in establishing classes for instructing teachers of
common schools; conduct exchanges of books and documents with other States and countries;
maintain a system of meteorological observations at certain academies; and make full reports
annually to the Legislature upon the condition of the colleges and academies of the State, the State
Library, and the Cabinet of Natural History.
The officers of the Regents are, a chancellor, vice-chancellor, and secretary. They appoint a
librarian and assistants to the State Library, and a curator to the State Cabinet. Sis members
form a quorum for the transaction of business. Their annual meeting is held on the first Thurs-
day of January, in the Senate chamber, and is adjourned for short periods during the session of the
Legislature. Most colleges report annually to the Regents, but are not uniformly subject to visita-
tion, nor do they share in the income of the Literature Fund. They have generally been assisted
by grants of land or money from the State.
Colleges and Academies are entrusted to boards of trustees, who possess the usual
powers of corporations, and usually fill all vacancies occurring in their number. 1 They appoint
professors and instructors, and remove them at pleasure, unless employed by special agreement.
All degrees in colleges, whether honorary or in due course of study, are conferred by the trustees.
By an act passed April 12, 1853, the Regents were required to establish general rules under
which colleges, universities, and academies might claim incorporation, subject to such limitations
and restrictions as might be prescribed by law, or which, by the Regents, might be deeirued proper;
and institutions thus formed should possess, in addition to the powers thus vested in them, the
general powers of a corporation, under the Revised Statutes of this State. The trustees of academies
l c,, q, --. .. c liege, X. Y. Agricultural College, People's College,
University .if Buffalo, and University of the City of N. Y., are
. 1 _\ sb in holders, who elect trustees, or officers analogous,
o-rms. The principal State officers are ex officio trus-
tees of Union College ; and the Mayor and Recorder of cities
are, in some cases, trustees of medical colleges. The principal
facts concerning colleges and professional schools may he classed
as follows : —
Literary and Medical Colleges.
Namb.
Location.
Date of Charter.
Mow Incor-
porated.
Alfred
New York
Eimira
Lima
Clinton
Geneva
LeRoy
Ilamilton
McGrawville
Ovid
ITavana
Fordham
Canton
Troy
Schenectady
Albany
New York
iter
Bnfi.ilo
'.V
New York
V. w York
Xew York
I ork
Buffalo
New York
Mar. 28, 1857
Oct. 81. 1754
April 13, 1S55
Feb. 27,1849
May 26,1812
April 5,1824
April 3, 1857
Mar. 26,1846
April 17, 1851
April 15, 1853
April 12, 1853
April 10, 1840
April 3, 1856
April 12, 1855
Feb. 25,1795
April 17,1851
April 18, 1881
May B, 1846
Hay 11,1848
Feb. 16,1839
April 25, 1831
Mnr. 10.
AprU 8, 1836
Mir. 27. 1867
1- 1
May 11, 1846
Feb. 1, 1837
Law
Patent
Law
Law
Regents
Regents
Law
Law
Law
Law
Law
Law
Law
Regents
Regents
Law
Law
Law
Law
Law
Law
I! eg. lit".
Trusts, of
G.Ooll.
Law.
Law
Law
Law.
d College Assoc.
N. Y. State Agric'l College
St. Lawrence l_niw.
Union '
f's. v....
College of Pharmacy • i
l and
Snrj
d Inst, of Genu i
Mt ; :' -.nM.-dic*ir«ll..«
New York ' '
Univ.i.f Baf&do, V
University of I
York, Med. D-p.'....
Remarks.
Seventh-day Bap., 33 trustees.
Prot. E., 24 trustees. Formerly King's College.
Changed from Elmira Collegiate Institute.
Meth. E., 2S to 30 trustees, elected for 5 years by
classes.
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Hamilton
Oneida Academy.
Prot. E., 24 trustees. Originally Medical Dep. con-
nected. Changed from Geneva College, April 10,
1852.
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Ingham
Collegiate Institute.
Bap.. 27 trustees. Theological Depart, connected.
Located on a farm. Students not excluded on ac-
count of sex or color.
10 trustees. In course of erection. See Ovid.
24 trustees. In coarse of erection. Capital, $250,000.
R. C, 9 trustees. Thi ological Depart, connected.
Universali-t. ■-'."> trusters. Theological Department
Connected. In course of organization.
Methodist E., 64 trustees. Charter conditioned to
$100,000, which Is obtained. Organized.
15 trustees, besides those ex officio. Changed from
Schenectady Academy.
Law Department only organized.
.".- trii-it.-.^. Medical I>. (urine lit connected.
Hap.. 20 trusters. Theological Depart, connected.
] Department only organized.
For education of druggists. Does not report.
Mayor and Recorder ex officio trustees.
Hi dical Dep. onlyoneorganized. Full univ. charter.
• Trustees elected for fi ynm. Student* and teacher" expected
to lat^.r from 10 to 20 hours each week. Located on « t >rm of
-
* Mnyor and Recorder of Albany '* qfido famines.. I'.'iilding
erected for Lancastcrian school, and leased by tho city nt a
nominal rent.
« A collec* of similar name. tnOOtp. March 2S, 1*27, did not
organize. See RtgtnW Report, 1858, p. 168.
<* Capital limited to $100,000. Proprietors elect council of 16
f.r 4 years, besides which each department elects one to the
council to bold at their pleasure.
• The council of the University of tho City of New York con.
-i^r-i ..f 82 shareholders elected for 4 years, besides the Mayor of
New York and 4 of the Common Council designated for the
purpose.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
127
possessing a capital stock may be elected by the proprietors for such terms as shall be fixed. The
capital stock of an academy may not exceed $50,000, and that of a medical college funned under
the general law cannot be less than $50,000, nor more than £200,000. All such charters, except-
ing those containing provisional conditions, are perpetual.
Theological Seminaries in the State of New York."
Name.
General Theological Seminary of P. E. Church
Uartwiek Seminary (Theological Department)
Martin Luther College (Theological Department)
Rochester Theological Seminary
St. Joseph's Theological Seminary
St. Lawrence University (Theological Dep.)
Theological Department Madison University
Theological Seminary of Auburn
Theological Seminary of Associate Reformed Church.
Union Theological Seminary
Location.
New York
Hartwick
Buffalo
Rochester
Fordhaui
Canton
Hamilton
Auburn
Newburgh
New York
Denomination.
P. E.
Lutheran
Lutheran
Baptist
R. C.
Universalist
Baptist
N. S. Presb.
A. R. Presb.
N. S. Presb.
Date of Entab-
Ittitinent.
1817
1816
Nov.
4, 1850
1846
1858
1820
April 14, 1820
1836
1S36
v,
II
68
5
36
24
30
11
106
M
4: in
52
50
262
143
211
£3
ll.OH.'i
1,250
5,500
7,500
6
3,200
18,000
° Mostly upon authority of the American Almanac of 1859.
Several of these possess liberal endowments, and defray the per-
sonal expenses of the students attending them. Tuition fees
are, it is believed, in no cases required from those receiving in-
struction. All the above are now in operation.
The following institutions have been projected, but have not been established, or have ceased
to exist : —
Name.
Date of Incorp.
Remarlcs.
Applications were made for a college in 1795, but refused.
Provisions of charter not complied with.
Never organized.
Never organized.
Applications made Feb. 15, 1S02. Refused.
( After a few courses of lectures, these institutions were
( abandoned.
Conditions not complied with.
(Courses of lectures were held until 1840, the Regents con-
( ferring the degrees.
Applications refused Feb. 20, 1845.
Conditions not complied with.
Applications refused in 1779, 1804, and 1811.
Discontinued in 1S14.
Discontinued in a short time.
Never organized.
Closed in a short time.
Application refused, Feb. 16, 1824.
Never organized.
Conditions not complied with.
Never organized.
Feb. 26,1826
Jan. 29, 1852
March 4, 1830
Central Medical College and Syracuse Medical }
Clinton College, Fairfield
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Wes-\
Medical Department of Columbia College
N. Y. College of Dental Surgery, Syracuse
Richmond College, Richmond co
St. Paul's College, College Point, Flushing, L. I.
1849
Mar. 25, 1816
June 12, 1S12
April 10, 1822
1793
April 13, 1852
April 18, 1838
May 9, 1840
April 8,1836
Jan. 27,1827
April 17, 1851
Besides these, several institutions bearing the name of col-
leges have been established, but of which no general statistics
have been obtained. Among them are the " Martin Luther Col-
lege," at Buffalo, the ' ; College of St. Francis Xavier," (R. C.,) in
New York ; " Franciscan College and Convent," inaugurated Oct.
4, 1858, at Allegany, Cattaraugus co. ; the " De Yeaux College for
Orphan and Destitute Children," incorporated April 15. 1853,
and located at Suspension Bridge, Niagara CO.: and the "St.
Peter's College," (R. C.,) in course of organization, at Troy.
Most of these are unincorporated, none of them possess the right
of granting degrees, and they generally partake more of tho
character of academies than of colleges.
Tabular Summary of Colleges as reported Jan. 1859, for tlie year previous.
Name.
Albany Medical College
College of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y
Columbia College
Genesee College
Hamilton College
Hobart Free College
Madison University
Medical Institute Geneva College
Medical Department of University of N. Y....
Medical Department of University of Buffalo.
Metropolitan Medical College
New York Central College
New York Medical College
St. John's College
Troy University
Union College
University of City of New York
University of Rochester
m
* Is
•2 si
83
9
J Si.
ts s»
©•£
s »
c <»
a, -2
ijS
<£S
5*
41
si
9
121
56
9
173
50
12
153
25
6
96
15
9
134
27
7
92
20
9
119
23
7
31
8
7
347
128
9
38
9
6
18
10
9
16
4
12
99
37
27
49
6
4
53
16
297
89
16
125
16
8
149
22
.23 2
90,000
114,336
24.500
125.000
35,000
18.700
16,049
70,000
14,000
30.000
50,000
74,200
100.001)
70,993
200.000
38,201
1!
11
, 1
ft*
u to
'e ° •
1-8
g'i
$
$
$605
635
6,515
44,150
5.250
1.464
8.019
Free.
4.595
2,402
7,285
199
1,735
84
1,497
4,000
335
10.177
12,151
12.207
11,150
5,360
10,835
X
S"3
$1,120
1,325
160
3,840
132
1.110
la
123
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER
Statistics of Academies from the Regents' Report of 1859.
Names.
Academy at Little Falls
Academy of Dutchess Co
Albany Academy
Albany Female Academy
Albion Academy
Alfred Academy _
Amenia Seminary -
Ames Academy
Am-terdam Female Seminary.
Argyle Academy
Auburn Academy
Augusta Academy
Aurora Academy
Ball Seminary
Bingham ton Academy
] i ite Institute
Brookt my
Brookl] h. Inst..
!'. in de Academy
Cambridge Washington Academy...
Canajoharie Academy _.
Canandaigua Academy
Canton Academy
Gary Collegiate Seminary
Cayuga Academy
Chaxnplain Academy
Cherry Valley Academy
r Academy
Cincinnatus Academy
Clarence Academy
Clarerack Academy «fc II. K. Inst...
Clinton Grammar School
Clinton Libera] Institute
Cortland Academy
Cortlandville Academy
Dansville Seminary
Deaf and Dumb Institution _.
Delaware Academy -.
Delaware Literary Institute
lie Rnyter Institute
Dundee Academy
East Bloomfield Academy
Ellington Academy _
Erasmus Hall Academy
F.iirfieid Academy
Falley Seminary
Farmers' Hall Academy
my
nary and Female
1
Frank 1 ' lemy
Franklin il'ritt-burgh) Academy..
my
Oalway Aeadi my....
• • i minary
rrirv
Oi nil ii and Wyoming -
• hool
. Inat.
1
nary....
Oramn
Grammar ."rh-l
Grammir School N. V
f; ram ill Academy
Oreenv my
Qroton Academy
Hamii*
Hamiltoo Female Seminary
I k Bemtnary
Holley Academy
Il-jdson Academy
Ithaca Academy
Jamestown Academy
Jefferson County Institute
Johnstown Academy
my
Jordan Academy
•S ^
r s
a s>
"8
3
■E ^
t.
=C §
•*- .*
■"5;
Wi
e.3
s
33
S "«»
■&
^ *§
-I
3
= e
64
131
92
4
181
110
10
242
116
13
200
136
8
224
133
13
476
355
7
168
125
2
80
67
4
45
35
5
99
71
3
135
95
1
41
18
2
226
101
2
113
33
3
182
101
7
351
148
2
95
71
19
507
240
10
159
82
3
172
69
4
1S6
98
6
145
87
2
129
59
5
210
106
6
107
87
3
148
76
9
210
64
3
90
29
3
133
98
2
111
47
14
433
367
4
127
70
7
67
22
6
394
344
4
234
161
3
306
io
225
186
9
261
205
3
139
64
4
230
106
3
60
53
3
210
113
3
103
52
10
389
308
11
383
191
1
56
41
3
168
105
7
2r4
167
3
287
1!.-,
4
170
148
4
281
171
3
'
91
9
99
4
235
148
11
T
7
210
104
5
218
168
13
••-'I
2
46
4
127
7
60
6
340
156
7
90
71
1
43
23
6
106
...
77
• -
1
26
2
93
8
180
'7
6
117
2
88
88
4
100
2
6
216
3
185
120
4
I6b
1 20
3
119
8
216
153
2
158
I2S
11
c S ~
$178.52
213.44
225.58
263.89
258.57
688.84
234.79
130.21
64.03
137.77
170.75
34.93
195.98
62.09
194.54
287.68
131.94
461.81
159.11
133.89
190.18
168.81
114.48
203.74
168.81
147.47
124.18
56.26
1*4.34
91.20
712.12
133.89
42.69
667.40
312.40
593.76
360.91
397.78
124.18
2n">.f.'.-|
100.90
219.26
97.02
597.64
:.7".e_
79.56
203.74
82454
■_-] :v\
287.18
17658
192.10
283.30
96049
201.80
89.26
238 67
11642
802.70
137.77
180 16
213.44
170.76
194.04
100.90
419.12
244.49
230.90
20658
242.52
Total "Values.
S»|
$10,200
11.000
90.000
33.347
7,100
17.266
18.500
2.440
9.000
3,100
8.214
2,4-87
2.900
3,810
6.500
30.000
3,000
69,754
55.000
4.250
5,580
12.500
3,500
15,140
10.000
5.504
13.000
2.950
3:i*3
5.000
35.330
2,600
30.300
5.000
2.800
3,043
26,000
21.000
8,800
2.350
5,000
3,650
9,500
20,200
17.800
8,850
2,150
24.000
10,000
4,500
3.125
8^800
27,600
8,681
11^200
10,000
4.500
17497
B300
2.900
2.5no
6550
8,776
8,613
7,800
3.200
12,600
4.400
11.050
3.000
I
3,800
"&
£
$361
310
1.631
1.02s
606
680
1,596
275
400
242
332
368
610
197
400
1,022
170
367
360
650
260
690
440
546
3,027
342
223
370
174
182
173
200
1,775
1.000
711
164
1.183
1.053
426
•-■:
558
228
2,604
1.044
C55
581
205
152
1.2M
2.111
211
'"2IO
Sftl
708
I 1 1
240
1 60
482
550
'"25b
233
261
441
B28
4M
1 579
243
177
4::7
283
1446
240
441
200
I
$584
681
2.917
2.415
350
1.375
1,267
200
405
150
500
2S9
400
4S5
438
377
155
1,875
1,742
566
244
1,345
327
600
879
552
762
284
206
151
846
175
475
1,000
500
170
630
395
542
178
478
160
497
1.280
1,062
223
202
456
U6
4. '.7
762
168
162
2.310
: !
616
4;,:.
385
168
222
250
45
160
625
473
868
202
228
200
900
740
1,566
2*2
366
350
$1,295
3,116
5,717
6,662
2,139
12,124
10,302
742
674
1.330
1,478
260
1.501
507
1.612
3,204
700
30,453
5.970
1,700
1.284
3,139
1,094
4,078
1,622
1.440
4*768
1.180
1,232
836
13.214
6,059
1.553
3.973
1.752
574
2.286
4.144
1,101
2.308
713
971
2.196
14,307
4,632
649
1,049
3.159
1,767
2J280
2.177
1 198
3.417
1,398
4,603
1,905
3,699
6,4 'i
1.101
1.215
2,681
2.449
5.990
813
1.40:1
448
816
1,502
771
4,906
1.813
1,761
7' -
8^828
1.317
2,136
5,447
I
$1,195
2,928
10,062
7,508
2,138
10,9S9
10,301
712
760
1,319
1,477
260
1,412
514
1.611
3,244
700
30.313
6,078
1,695
1,406
3,189
1,094
4,078
1,665
1,440
4,768
1.196
1,066
776
11,385
6,165
1,553
4.208
1.819
720
8.250
3.975
991
2.440
713
964
1,858
13.024
4,632
641
1,017
4.359
I B
2.646
2459
1,198
3.339
1.475
4.(44
1,886
3.923
4440
702
1.217.
2,681
2.134
4,157
(Vio
1.404
47:1
7 if
1,830
1,341
4,862
1 7 1
1,751
705
8,181
1.:,17
2,136
1.529
6,447
1,584
1
a
444
339
946
1,082
439
737
1,711
305
381
173
249
181
653
178
409
474
126
335
195
391
192
813
293
012
2.345
263
144
250
155
213
281
175
1.257
1,129
668
67
838
1.032
280
201
596
188
2,435
953
436
739
112
208
285
1.196
1.741
189
98
216
2,044
520
1.200
389
228
101
433
1.148
199
866
892
831
427
1.050
221
164
447
308
1,637
193
405
191
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
129
Statistics of Academies from the Rcycnts' Report of 1859, continued.
Names.
Kceseville Academy
Kimlerhook Academy
Kingsboro' Academy
Kingston Academy
Liberty Normal Institute
Lockport Union School
Lowville Academy _ ,
Lyons Union School
Macedon Academy
Manlius Academy
Marion Collegiate Institute
Mayville Academy
Medina Academy
Mexico Academy
Middlebury Academy
Monroe Academy
Montgomery Academy ,
Monticello Academy
Moravia Institute ,
Mount Morris Union Free School.
Mount Pleasant Academy
Munro Collegiate Institute
New Paltz Academy
New York Conference Seminary....
New York Free Academy ,
North Granville Female Seminary
North Hebron Institute
North Salem Academy
Norwich Academy
Nunda Literary Institute
Ogdensburgh Academy
Oneida Conference Seminary
Onondaga Academy
Ontario Female Seminary
Oswego High School
Ovid Academy
Owego Academy ,
Oxford Academy
Packer Collegiate Institute
Palmyra Classical Union School...
Peekskill Academy
Perry Academy
Peterboro' Academy
Phelps Union Classical School ,
Phipps Union Seminary ,
Plattsburgh Academy
Pompey Academy
Poughkeepsie Female Academy...
Prospect Academy
Pulaski Academy
Randolph Academy
Red Creek Union Academy
Rensselaerville Academy
Richburgh Academy
Rochester Female Academy
Rogersville Union Seminary
Rome Academy
Rural Seminary
Rushford Academy
Rutgers Female Institute
Sag Harbor Institute
St. Lawrence Academy
Saugerties Academy
Sauquoit Academy ,
Schenectady Union School
Schoharie Academy
Schuylerville Academy
Seneca Falls Academy
Sodus Academy
Spencertown Academy
Springville Academy
S. S. Seward Institute
Starkey Seminary
Susquehanna Seminary
Troy Academy
Troy Female Seminary
Trumansburgh Academy
Unadilla Academy
Union Hall Academy
Union Literary Society
Union "Village Academy ,
4
4
3
5
2
9
4
4
4
2
5
2
5
4
5
4
2
7
2
4
7
3
2
11
25
13
"i
5
5
3
8
3
13
3
8
4
6
24
5
3
5
1
5
10
4
2
8
1
3
4
5
2
3
4
4
3
3
2
18
2
5
3
3
5
3
3
4
4
5
2
6
5
7
5
21
2
2
9
6
4
•5 ^
■2 £>
T3~
1
5 o>
%>J
**•§
c s
5S *9
<]
o s
E
378
246
106
67
66
209
114
115
9
491
181
267
176
128
68
240
179
99
25
158
74
78
49
171
164
223
159
229
142
152
75
77
28
153
60
122
53
98
70
82
59
134
95
61
33
460
226
613
567
114
132
60
32
311
222
309
241
161
116
351
258
128
110
121
80
273
196
249
109
300
165
673
375
282
134
101
50
127
49
42
14
408
91
217
176
215
160
43
39
119
98
87
24
170
61
184
87
250
158
91
30
86
51
122
62
96
76
233
110
122
77
201
141
278
156
320
61
293
125
179
50
115
87
206
143
112
91
169
123
193
98
129
72
78
62
166
86
157
101
161
112
232
192
45
28
319
212
158
34
80
21
220
143
209
173
215
140
s
2 5k
S g 3
1461.81
130.00
219.26
17.40
351.21
279.42
131.94
347.33
48.51
141.65
95.08
318.22
308.52
275.54
145.53
50.45
116.42
102.84
135.83
114.48
182.40
62.09
438.53
1,100.70
256.14
""32.98'
430.77
467.64
225.58
500.62
"211.50
155.23
350.91
211.50
318.22
727.75
225.58
97.02
85.38
27.17
176.58
310.46
310.46
75.67
190.18
38.81
118.36
168.81
291.56
58.21
93.14
120.30
147.47
213.44
149.41
273.60
302.70
118.36
236.73
97.02
168.81
260.51
176.58
238.67
168.81
131.94
102.84
166.87
195.98
217.32
364.79
54.32
411.36
65.97
40.75
277.48
335.69
271.66
Total Values.
K
c
II
$3,600
4,000
3.700
15,000
1,250
13,000
7.500
15,000
5,055
3,000
11,500
3,750
6,200
14,000
5,500
5.465
6,000
4,350
2,200
17,000
21.500
7,900
20,000
117.324
19,000
2.400
3.000
8,400
2,900
11,000
26,000
12,700
20,000
11,000
15,500
5,000
9,350
121,765
12,000
17.000
16.750
4,528
5,200
10.200
5,500
5,400
15,963
2,900
9,028
6.420
9.650
2,610
3,200
6,000
7,850
10.500
4,100
5.963
27,500
2,400
10,000
5,000
2,500
41.000
4.000
2.850
3,000
3,300
2,750
3,500
10,000
10,350
37,000
7,575
12,100
4.300
3.550
15,400
10,500
4,581
S
^
$227
600
417
567
185
259
860
745
207
410
248
194
350
630
930
158
200
251
362
222
1,467
869
486
350
9,296
228
40
536
400
174
501
2,327
516
931
2.500
350
601
953
1,338
674
645
567
207
315
471
229
351
578
312
301
388
175
203
172
186
160
420
647
283
2,314
210
784
152
192
4.000
351
211
496
184
192
200
262
853
158
240
1,374
163
256
634
731
305
I
$200
524
555
400
164
500
627
403
736
200
592
205
235
826
499
150
300
170
361
193
300
719
553
250
8,988
375
137
250
899
184
579
2,694
306
924
500
600
180
790
1,595
250
446
210
174
201
212
474
150
760
325
175
278
175
155
185
170
174
350
237
837
3,138
187
493
185
186
200
161
4(10
600
283
210
410
150
558
457
275
903
150
151
369
481
187
$2,328
1,294
570
3,176
701
4.459
2,170
1,757
2,482
978
1,546
889
1,839
2.001
2,015
1,369
811
2.359
830
710
7,033
1,639
981
19,939
59,783
13,372
110
487
2,123
1.902
4.686
4.321
4,855
3,784
2,373
2,131
30,574
2,438
2,387
1,225
334
1,996
3,674
1,948
502
4.497
294
2.557
1,263
1.560
375
927
2.224
939
2,060
1.081
1,531
10.397
1,546
2.484
1,117
712
19.278
1,305
1.073
1.879
919
993
1,002
4.045
1.220
2.376
2,486
8.743
756
630
3.686
2,778
1,938
$2,328
1,294
567
3,058
683
4,522
2,046
1,807
2,471
812
2,50.3
910
1,967
2,083
1.976
1,368
806
2.443
830
710
6,650
1.256
'980
20,473
50,671
10.034
110
440
2,114
1.703
4,449
4,502
4,854
3,625
2,344
2,149
24,47-;
2,385
2.185
1,735
319
2.053
3,673
1,948
513
4,597
317
2,514
1,263
1,559
435
855
2.224
939
2,131
1,081
1,531
12.272
1.521
1,925
1,347
743
19.532
1,337
1,094
1,863
1.106
971
951
2.108
1.483
2.479
2.409
8.270
1,051
629
3,532
2,414
1,941
»3
<i
231
580
285
520
189
144
1,119
986
177
417
196
186
349
527
852
141
480
216
366
315
1.376
722
447
350
6,528
358
112
262
500
171
1.248
1,946
635
895
470
402
1,285
1,128
1.094
609
347
184
504
405
146
366
634
376
293
320
200
223
132
171
120
506
678
162
3,032
206
936
180
92
2,904
331
215
293
133
240
160
129
1.268
138
244
1,065
200
266
667
604
373
130
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Sfafistk-s of Academies from the Regents' Report of 1859, continued.
Nastes.
TTtica Academy
Utica Female Academy
Vernon Academy
Wallkill Academy
"Walton Academy
Walworth Academy
Warsaw Union School
Warwick Institute
Washington Academy
Washington Co. Seminary & C. I...
Waterloo Union School
Waverly Institute
'•■ • r academy
Weetfield Academy
West Winficld Academy
Whitehall Academy
Whitestown Seminary
Wilson Collegiate Institute
Windsor Academy
Yates Academy
Yates Polytechnic Institute
Total
s *•
"a
£ so
"2
1 50
1 .
OS
'§•§
3 fj
fe
, k.
svS
•<
u
fe*
«T9
o 5
1
-c: "i
fc
a -3
fe;-H
A
11
S-l
7
188
159
11
179
69
5
162
96
3
198
110
6
131
73
3
84
•35
3
150
137
3
112
62
4
124
63
16
777
512
9
608
27
5
176
43
3
92
47
3
250
113
9
357
165
3
387
77
9
400
286
4
232
138
2
59
36
2
157
43
/
251
109
949
35.009
20j812
r
$308.52
133.89
180.28
213.44
141.05
67.91
265.83
91.20
122.24
993.98
52.39
83.44
91.20
219.26
293.50
149.31
554.95
267.77
69.85
83.44
211.50
Total Values.
vf
§1
$7,000
23.000
4.000
6.510
3.429
8.440
4.800
5.300
5.000
14.100
6.500
7,354
4.300
4,300
10.000
3,5G0
12.500
2.685
3.780
2.750
10,000
$2,009 076
So
e
h
"feo
$313
1S9
464
340
409
200
279
150
271
646
435
165
166
540
778
260
1,305
785
488
480
242
5 a
3 "-2
$760
257
583
190
473
789
461
150
700
947
475
178
168
300
925
503
1.236
546
190
519
358
$3,947
3.861
891
2,811
1.899'
998
1.396
1.382
1.109
9,192
3,090
1,391
743
1.216
3,142
1,058
3,635
1,210
506
795
3.182
$111,438 $101,693 $595,125 $582,135 93,959
-«
c
•3
$3,944
3,728
S90
2,811
1,685
855
1,396
1,320
1,103
9,191
3.372
1,580
738
1.161
3^42
1.040
3,612
1,209
578
840
3,182
8
IS
169
127
530
423
222
130
231
104
366
549
789
166
112
510
600
220
1,193
790
589
332
296
Academies incorporated since the organization of a State Government in 1777.
Name.
Location.
Jncorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
Academy of the Sacred Heart-
Academic Department of Union
School
April 11, 1849
Jan. 11, 1855
April 22, 1855
Feb. 8, 1849
Mar. 4, 1813
Jan. 29, 1828
April 16, 1828
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Sold, fall of 1858.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
F.xtinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Packur Inst.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Diss, by act Apr. 21, 1846.
Albany Pearl Street Academy.
Feb. 16,1821
April 9. 1828
April 23, 1836
May 1, 1837
May 6, 1834
Feb. 27, 1841
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 31, 1843
Mar. 29. 1836
Feb. 5, 18.39
Feb. 16, 1S41
Feb. 1, 1S56
May 4. 1841
Feb. 13. 1844
Feb. 14. lsift
Feb. 11, 1M0
Feb. 28, 1842
Jan. 29, 1839
Feb. 27, 1841
April 11. 1843
Mar. 21. lso8
Feb. 5, 1839
Alexander Classical School.-...
Amsterdam K'-male Seminary..
April 22. 1837
Mar. 29,1839'
May 12,1836
Auburn Female Seminar;."
April 18, 1838
April 80, 1S33
April 30, 1836
lull ftemraarr*
Batavia, Onesee co
Mar. 5. 1838
April 8, 1S26
Mar. 8,1838
Mar. 29, 1841
Bennrllle Acad, i Fcm. Sem...
Feb. 28,1842
Au K . 23. 1S42
April 1, 1811
April 16, 1828
Feb. 16, 1842
April 17, 1847
April 7, 1854
Jan. 14,1847
Jan. 10, 1850
Oct. 14,1851
April 8,182
Brock purl Collegiate institute.
1 ivn OoU. k Polytoch. Ins.
B I. Inst tor 1 rang
klyn Pen 1 my
April 23, 1829
May 8,1846
April 30, 1839
Bruwufille F--m.il" Batnlnary...
Bnflalo Ft male B< miliary
Buffalo Literary A Sci. Acad'..
April 23, 1831
April 17, 1.S27
The. Institution hnd be-
« Jan. 20, 1863 and July 'Jl. li
come extinct under Its first rhart-r.
» Incorp. as the " Aurora Manual Labor Seminary.'
changed April 16, 1833.
Name
• Named from L. Chandler Ball, principal founder of tho In-
stitution.
d Incorp. as the " Buffalo High School Association." Nanie
changed.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
131
Academics incorporated since 1777, continued.
Name.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Hi marks.
Cambridge Washington Acad...
Mar. 30. 1815
Feb. 26, 1828
Mar. 4. 1795
Jan. 23, 1840
Oct. 'Jo. is;,:;
May 16. 1846
Ma'r. 12, 1804
Mar. 23, 1801
Aug. 23, 1842
Jan. 15, 1857
July 9, 1857
Feb. 8, 1796
Feb. 27, 1844
April 21. 1857
Oct. 12. 18fi4
Mar. 17, 1835
Feb. 5, 1839
June 14, 1854
Feb. 26, 1839
Nov. 17, 1787
Feb. 27, 1S26
Mar. 29, 1836
Feb. 15. 1842
Feb. 23, 1849
Extinct.
Not organized.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Provisional Charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Merged in Genesee Coll.
Merged in Geneva Coll.
Canajoharie, Montgomery co
April 13, 1S26
April 24, 1837
Catskill, Greene co
Mar. 24, 1S20
April 25, 1831
Claverack Acad. & Hud. R. Ins.
April 26, 1834
Collegiate Inst. City of N. Y...
Mar. 28, 1S17
April 29, 1834
Apiii' 7, 1S48
July 10, 1851
May 2, 1837
Mar. 13, 1797
June 14, 1854
Feb. 2, 1819
Cooperstown Female Academy
Cooperstowu Seminary and Fe-
April 15, 1822
April 18, 182S
Jan. 31, 1S43
Feb. 5, 1839
Jan. 14, 1858
April 13. 1842
Feb. 2, 1820
Jan. 29, 1839
Jan. 30, 1838
Dec. 3, 1847
Mar. 22, 1855
Feb. 1, 1792
Jan. 23, 1840
May 5, 1837
Delaware Literary Institute
April 23, 1835
Mar. 30, 1836
Eastern Coll. Inst. City of N.Y.
Elmira Collegiate Seminary....
Erasmus Hail
May 9, 1835
May 1, 1837
April 9, 1S38
May 7, 1844
Feb. 11. 1S53
Mar. 31.1840
Oct. 20, 1S53
Nov. 17. 1787
Mar. 6. 1S38
Mar. 15, 1S03
Feb. 5, 1S39
Jan. 21, 1791
Feb. 5, 1839
April 21, 1857
Oct. 11, 1S45
Oct. 20. 1853
April 28, 1831
Feb. 23. 1824
Feb. 23, 1830
Feb. 8, 1849
Jan. 26, 1830
Jan. 29, 1S39
Oct. 11, 1845
Feb. 1, 1856
Jan. 8, 1857
Mar. 9, 1836
Mar. 27,1845
Feb. 7, 1829
Mar. 29, 1S13
Feb. 4, 1847
May 4. 1S41
Jan. 12, 1S42
Jan. 11, 1855
Feb. 19,1829
Fairfield, Herkimer co
May 1, 1S34
May 24,1836
May 4, 1S37
July 9, 1S51
Mav 11. 1S35
April 16, 1827
May 13. 1845
April 21, 1831
Fern. Acad, of the Sacred Heart
Flushing Institute
Fort Phun Seminary and Fe-
Nov. 25,1824
April 14, 1827
May 26, 1S36
Genesee Conference Seminary...
Genesee Manual Labor Sem"...
April 13, 1832
May 11, 1S35
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary*...
Genesee & Wyoming Seminary
April 30, 1S33
Mar. 10, 1827
Gilbertsville Acad. & Coll. Inst.
Gloversville Union Seminary...
Gouverneur Wesleyan Sem/....
Geneva, Ontario co
April 15, 1853
Gouverneur, St. Lawrence co
April 5,1828
"Incorp. as "Fulton Female Seminarv ;" name changed to
"Fulton Academy," April 11.1842; to the " Falley Seminary
of the Black River Conference," April 11, 1849 ; and to the name
given above, March 5, 1857.
1 Charter made perpetual June 23. 1S51.
' See act of March 27, 1834. d See act of March. 1836.
« Incorp. as the " Livingston County High School." Name
changed May 13, 1846.
/Incorp. as the " Gouverneur High School." Name changed
April 24, 1840.
132
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
Name.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
Grammar School Coluni. Coll."
Grammar School Madison Uni.
Grammar School University
of Citv of New York"
April 17, 1838
June 17, 1853
April 17, 1838
A prill 6, 1830
Feb. 27.1841
Feb. 27,1816
Jan. 29.1839
Feb. 14, 1S51
Feb. 23,1824
Jan. 17,1856
Jan. 29, 1793
Extinct.
Sold in 1S59.
Merg. in Ham. Coll., 1812.
Extinct.
Now a private institution.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Ingham Univ.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Now a private institution.
Merged in Ing. Coll. Inst.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Private School.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Changed to Munro Coll.
Inst.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Kxtinct.
Extinct.
Gram. School of N. Y. Ceu. Coll.
Gn?enbush & Schodack Acad...
Hamilton Female Seminary....
Hamilton Oneida Academy ,,
Harlem Lit. & Sci. Academy...
Hartwick Seminary
McGrawville, Cortland co.
Mar. 31, 1828
April 25, 1S31
East Greenbush, Rensselaer co...
May 6, 1S37
Jan. 24, 1S29
Aug.
Oct.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan.
Mar.
Feb.
Mar.
13, 1816
12, 1854
14, 1858
29. 1839
11. 1840
23, 1840
28, 1850
14, 1850
3, 1807
Hedding Literarv Institute
Herkimer County Academy
Highland Grove Gymnasium...
Unhurt Hall Institute
May 2, 1S36
Fishkill. Dutchess co
April 11, 1831
Mar. 16, 1839
April 24, 1834
Hudson River Agricult. Som...
Ingham Collegiate Institute*-.
Hubbards Corners. Madison co...
May 6, 1837
April 6, 1S52
Mar. 24, 1S23
April 16, 1836
Nov. 27,1824
May 25, 1S36
Jan. 28, 1853
Feb. 5, 1S.39
Jan. 22,1833
Jan. 30, 1S38
Jan. 27,1794
Oct. 26, 1850
Jan. 12. 1842
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 19. 1828
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 3, 1795
Feb. 15, 1S42
Jan. 22, 1S46
Feb. 8, 1796
Mar. 17, 1854
Feb. 16. 1S41
April 16, 1S28
Sept. 20, 1849
Jefferson County Institute*
Jamestown, Chautauqua co _.
April 1,1850
May 4, 1«35
April 3,1824
Kingshorough Academy
Knoxville Academy
La Fayette High School
May 9. 1837
April 23, 1S36
Lewiston High School Acad....
Literary <fc Sci. Inst, of York...
Little Falls, The Academy at...
I/>ckport Academy
•
April 10, 1849
Mar. 27, 1839
Oct.
Oct.
Mar.
Jan.
Jan.
17, 1844
26. 1850
21, 1808
.30. 1845
2 1 .'. Too
Lockport, Niagara co
May 26,1841
Ma'r. 18, 1S50
Lockport Union School
Mar. 29, 1837
April 11, 1842
April 13, 1835
Mar. 15, 1849
Mar. 27, 1839
April 24, 1834
AprillO, 1850
April 'jo. 1836
April 13, 1826
Mansion Square Female Sem...
M i-' D Oollegi lie ln-titntc
1 Die Academy
Feb. 6, is.39
April IV 1861
Feb. 5, 18.39
Feb. 26, 1828
Jan. 26, 1819
Feb. 16, 1841
Jan. 21, 1791
April 1,1862
Jan. 23. 1S40
Feb. 16,1841
Marion, YTayne co.
my/.
April 25. 1- In
ih Academy
M. nnt Pl"*mnt Academy
^1 unt Pleawint Female Pern...
M "imt Pleasant, Westchester co..
Mount Pleasant, Westchester ca.
Mar. 24, 1
April 3. 1S27
May 10.18.36
July 2,1827
Feb. 7,1848
April 23, 18.39
Feb. 13,1844
Mar. .3, 1806
April 29, 1836.
Oct. 11, 1845.
Najeau Academy
New Berlin Ai-ademy
New Palti Academy
May n.1835
April 12, 1833.
April 13,1828
Mar. 15. 1*22
May 2, 1834
(ferwtown Female Academy
v. w York Conference Ban
N'.w York Fr<y Academy
Oct.
Oct.
26, 1850
31,1849
May 7, 1847
• See act of above date.
» Changed to the Ingham Tniversity. April 3, 1"<57.
• Kntitled to share In Literature Fund, by act of April 17
1828.
* Incorporated as the " Rlack River Literary and Theological
Institute." Name changed May 12. 1840.
• Again incorp. by statute May 7, 1840.
/Incorp. as the "Rensselaer Oswego Academy." Name
changed May 14, 1845.
COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES.
133
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued.
Name.
Xrtv York Inst. Deaf & Dumb*
Ninth Granville Female Seiu...
Ninth Hebron Institute
North Salem Academy
Norwich Academy
Norwich Union Seminary
Nunda Literary Institute
< tgdensburgh Academy'
Olean Academy
Oneida Conference Seminary ..
Oneida Inst, of Sci. & Industry
Oneida Seminary
Onondaga Academy
Ontario Female Seminary
Ontario High School
Orleans Academy
Oswegatchie Academy
Oswego Academy
Otsego Academy
Ovid Academy
Owego Academy
Oxford Academy
Oyster Bay Academy
Packer Collegiate Institute
Palmyra Academy
Palmyra High School
Palmyra Classical Union School
Peekskill Academy
Pembroke & Darien Class. Sch.
Penfield Seminary
Perry Academy
Perry Center Institute
Peterboro Academy
Phipps Union Seminary
Piermont Academy
Plattsburgh Academy
Pompey Academy
Poughkeepsie Collegiate School
Poughkeepsie Female Academy
Poughkeepsie Female Seminary
Prattsville Academy
Preble High School
Princetown Academy
Prospect Academy
Pulaski Academy
Randolph Acad. Association
Red Creek Academy
Redhook Academy
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst....
Rensselaerville Academy
Rhinebeck Academy
Richburgh Academy
Richmondville Union Seminary
& Female Collegiate Inst
Ridgebury Academy
Riga Academy
Rochester Collegiate Institute..
Rochester Female Academy
Rochester High School
Rochester Inst. General Educ
Rochester iDst. Practical Educ.
Rockland County Female Inst.
Rogersville Union Seminary....
Rome Academy
Rome Academy
Royalton Center Academy
Rural Academy
Rushford Academy
Rutger's Female Institute^
Rye Academy
Sag Harbor institute
St. Lawrence Academy
St. Paul's College, The Propri-
etors of.
Sand Lake Academy
Saratoga Acad. & Sci. Inst
Saugerties Academy
Sauquoit Academy
Schaghticoke Seminary
Schenectady Academy
Schenectady Lyceum & Acad/..
Schenectady Young Ladies' Sem
Schoharie Academy
Location.
New York City
Granville, Washington co
I Id in in. Washington co
North Salem, Westchester CO....
Norwich, Chenango co,
Norwich, Chenango co
Nunda, Livingston co
Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence co...
Olean, Cattaraugus co
Cazenovia, Madison co ,
Whitesboro', Oneida co
Oneida, Madison co
Onondaga, Onondaga co".
Canandaigua, Ontario co
Victor, Ontario co
Orleans, Jefferson co
Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence co
West Oswego, Oswego co
Cherry Valley, Otsego co
Ovid, Seneca co
Owego, Tioga co
Oxford, Chenango co
Oyster Bay. QueenB co
Brooklyn, Kings co
Palmyra, Wayne co ,
Palmyra, Wayne co
Palmyra, Wayne co
Peekskill, Westchester co
Pembroke, Darien, Genesee co..
Penfield, Monroe co
Perry, Wyoming co
Perry Center, Wyoming co
Peterboro, Madison co
Albion, Orleans co
Piermont, Rockland co
Plattsburgh, Clinton co
Pompey, Onondaga co
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co ,
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co
Prattsville, Greene co
Preble, Cortland co
Princetown, Schenectady co....
Prospect, Oneida co
Pulaski, Oswego co
Randolph, Cattaraugus co ,
Red Creek, Wayne co
Redhook, Dutchess co
Troy, Rensselaer co
Rensselaerville. Albany co
Rhinebeck, Dutchess co
Richburgh, Allegany co
Richmondville, Schoharie co...
Minisink, Orange co
Riga, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co ,
Rochester, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co
Rochester, Monroe co
Orangetown, Rockland co
Rogersville, Steuben co
Rome, Oneida co
Rome. Oneida co
Royalton, Niagara co
Montgomery, Orange co
Rushford, Allegany co
New York City
Rye, Westchester co
Sag Harbor, Suffolk co
Potsdam, St. Lawrence co
Flushing. Queens co
Sand Lake, Rensselaer co
Saratoga Springs
Saugerties, Ulster co
Sauquoit, Oneida co
Schaghticoke, Rensselaer co.
Schenectady, Schenectady co....
Schenectady, Schenectady co....
Schenectady. Schenectady co....
Schoharie, Schoharie co
hicorp. by
LiyisUUure.
April 15, 1817
Mar. 16, l'837
Aprii 20, 1835
April 6, is25
April U. 1825
April 6, 1830
April 26,1833
April 25, 1833
Apriil3,lS26
Mar. 19, 1853
April U. 18-12
Mar. 28, 1829
April 7, 1S57
April 16, 1838
April 6, 1838
April 21, 1828
May" 28,' 1836
May 10, 1836
Mar. 19,1834
Aiiril 24J 1834
June 4, 1853
Mar. 27, 1839
April 23, 1823
May 8, 1837
April 30, 1S39
April 21, 1837
Mar. 15, 1827
April 19, 1828
April 14, 1832
April 28, 1835
Jan. 28, 1848
April 9,1839
April 10, 1S38
April 13, 1826
May 9, 1840
April 28,' 1835
May '4,1S36
Mar. 21, 1837
Mar. 22, 1837
April 28, 1837
Incorp. by
Jiegenlt.
Feb.
10,
1854
Mar.
17,
w,i
Feb.
19,
1790
Feb.
14,
1843
Jan. 30, 1845
Feb. 5, 1839
April 11, 1853
Jan. 29, 1828
Mar. 24, 1829
July 9, 1857
April 10, 1813
Jan. 29, 1828
Feb. 5, 1851
Feb. 8, 1796
Jan. 26, 1830
April 16, 1828
Jan. 27, 1794
Mar. 15, 1803
Jan. 11, 1855
July 2, 1833
Feb. 5, 1839
Oct.
April
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Feb.
Feb.
8, 1S57
7, 1854
31, 1843
23, 1853
11, 1840
15, 1842
4, 1829
11, 1S11
9, 1839
28, 1837
Jan. 31,1850
Oct. 20, 1853
Jan. 24, 1851
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Jan.
Feb.
24, 1851
5, 1846
23, 1S29
5, 1846
30, 1845
23, 1841
April 12, 1850
Feb. 10, 1854
Feb. 11, 1840
May 11,1846
Feb. 26,1839
Feb. 5, 1839
April 19, 1831
Oct. 12, 1855
Jan. 28, 1S53
Mar. 15,1849
April' 1,' 1852
Mar. 4, 1852
Jan. 23, 1S40
Jan. 20,1848
Mar. 25, 1816
Feb. 19, 1S46
April
April
7, 1854
6, 1849
Jan. 29, 1793
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Remarks.
Extinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional Charter.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Became private inst. 1S55.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Rochester Col-
legiate Institute.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Union Coll. 1795
Extinct.
« Entitled to a share of the Literature Fund by act of April
15, 1830.
* Merged in the Public School System of Ogdensburgh by
act of April 13, 1857.
' Incorp. as the " Seminary of the Genesee Conference ;" name
changed to " Seminary of Genesee and Oneida Conference"
March 24, 1829, and to the present name May 8, 1S35.
d Charter amended March 16. 1S58.
« Revived by act of April 17. 1818. See also act of April 25, 1831.
/Allowed to educate females by act of March 28, 1839.
134
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Acade?nies incorporated since 1777, continued.
Name.
Location.
Incorp. by
Legislature.
Incorp. by
Regents.
Remarks.
tilic & Military Academy
Jan. 23,1840
Jan. 9, 1829
Feb. 5, 1S39
Feb. 11,1840
Jan. 23, 1840
Jan. 11, 1S55
Dec. 3, 1S47
Jan. 26,1830
Feb. 4, 1848
Feb. 25,1848
Jan. 29, 1S28
Jan. 29,1839
Feb. 25, 1848
Mar. 31,1831
April 7, 1S54
Feb. 5, 1S39
April 8, 1858
Feb. 5, 1S39
Jan. 30,1838
July 6, 1S54
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Public Schools.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Provisional charter.
Merged in Public Schools.
Extinct.
Not organized.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Merged in Union School.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
Extinct.
April 17, 1826
April 27, 1837
April 5,1839
Seward Female Seminary of
April 14, 1S29
Southold, Suffolk co
April 21, 1S37
May 13. 1845
Mar. 19, 1827
May 7, 1847
S. S. Seward Institute
Spencertown, Columbia co
April 17, 1826
Troy Episcopal Institute
April 5, 1828
April 28, 1835
May 5, 1834
April 13, 1839
May 6, 1837
Stone Arabia. Montgomery co
April 30, 1839
April 1, 1S52
•Mar. 31. 1795
Jan. 11, 1S55
Feb. 29,1792
Jan. 5, 1830
Jan. 23, 1S40
Mar. 14, 1814
Feb. 5, 1839
Feb. 5, 1839
Union Village, Washington co
April 13, 1826
May 26, 1853
April 28, 1837
April 18, 1838
May 21, 1S36
May 4, 1839
May 26, 1841
Wallabont Select Gram. School
of the 7;b Ward in the City
Feb. 13, 1S42
Feb. 10,1854
April 19, 1843
Jan. 27,1854
Jan. 11, 1S55
Mar. 17, 1854
Feb. 15, 1791
Mar. 25, 1811
July 6, 1854
Feb. 6, 1839
Mar. 19, 1819
Aug. 23, 1842
Oct. 11, 1855
Jan. 21,1858
Fob. 6, 1839
Mar. 22, 1855
Jan. 30, 1840
Feb. 14,1851
Warn' rville Union Seminary
Washington County Seminary
A Collegiate Institute
May 12,1841
April 28, 1834
Waterfbrd Female Academy....
April 11, 1842
Wnvirlv, Tioga co
May 2, 1835
\\ . itfleld Academy
April 18, 1838
May 5, 1837
a] School..
April 18, 1839
April 20, 1839
. Ill v
Oct. 27,1848
Jan. 26, 1830
Mar. 23. 1S13
Mar. 27, 1845
Feb. 19, 1846
White I'l iiriB Academy
White Plains, Westchester co
April 19, 1828
May 10,1837
Bty Academy A Fe-
Mar. 15, 1849
Aug. 23, 1842
Jan. 25, 1830
Aprilll, 1853
April 17, 1828
Yates Polyto hnic Tn«tttnt^
Cbitfc o ing ■. Uadison on
• Cha- I Feb. 19,1841. Merged in Block River Literary and Religious Institute.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Ample provisions have been made by the State for the establish-
ment and support of public schools throughout its borders. To
this end the whole inhabited portions of the State have been divided
into convenient districts, in each of which a school is taught some
portion of the year and is open to all and within the reach of all.
These schools are supported in part by money derived from the
State, in part by a rate bill collected from parents of children
attending school, and in part by a tax upon the property of the
district. 1
School Districts are formed and altered by school com-
missioners. These districts are so formed as to best accommodate
all the inhabitants of the various localities and at the same time
secure efficiency in school organizations. Each district has a schoolhouse and a library. Its
monetary affairs are arranged, and its officers elected, at annual meetings of all the taxable in-
habitants. Its officers are trustees, a clerk, a collector, and a librarian. 2
School Commissioners are elected in each of the Assembly districts of the State outside
of the cities, and have the general supervision of schools. They examine and license teachers,
visit the schools, and in every possible way endeavor to advance the general interests of education.
They report annually to the State department of education.
The State Superintendent of Public Instruction is the administrative officer
of the school department. He has an office in the State Hall at Albany, and has a deputy and
the necessary number of clerks. He hears and decides appeals from the school officers and Com-
missioners, and has the general supervision of the common schools, Indian schools, the Institution
for the Deaf and Dumb, and all similar institutions in the State. He is ex officio a member of the
Board of Regents of the University, is chairman of the Executive Committee of the Normal
School, and a trustee of' the State Asylum for Idiots. He also apportions the school fund among
the several counties and districts as the law directs.
The school fund of the State, derived from a variety of sources, in 1859 yielded a revenue of
$264,500. 3 This sum, and the amount derived from the f mill tax, is divided among the schools
as follows : — One-third is divided among the districts in proportion to the number of teachers
employed, and the remaining two-thirds are distributed to the several counties in proportion to
their population, and thence distributed to the districts in proportion to the number of children
between the ages of 4 and 21.
District libraries were established in 1838 ; and from that period to 1851, with few inter-
missions, the sum of $55,000 was annually appropriated for the purchase of books. 4 These
1 In 1859 the amount divided by the State among the several
districts was $1,316,607.18. Of this sum $1,052,107.18 was de-
rived from the i mill State tax, and $264,500 from the interest of
the common school fund.
A record is kept of the attendance of each pupil, and the
amount due for teachers' wages above that received from the
State is assessed in proportion to this attendance. Cost of
fuel, repairs, and the amount of rate bills abated to indigent
parents are met by a tax upon the property of the district.
2 District Meetings decide upon questions of building and re-
pairing schoolhouses, furnishing them, providing fuel and facili-
ties for teaching, within the limits of the law. The annual
meetings for the election of officers are held on the second Tuesday
of Oct. throughout the State. The Board of Trustees, consisting
of 1 or 3 at the option of the district, constitute the executive
officers of the district. The Trustees engage teachers, properly
furnish the schoolhouse, provide fuel, and execute the wishes of
the district as expressed in the district meetings. They have
also the care of the district library. The Clerk preserves the
records of the district and calls district meetings.
3 The school fund was chiefly derived from the following
sources : —
1799, Seven-eighths of four lotteries of $100,000, aggre-
gate $ 87.500
1801, One-half of lotteries of $100,000, aggregate 50.000
1805, Proceeds of 500,000 acres of land sold.
" Stock subscribed in Merchants' Lank, and in-
creased in 1807 and '08.
1816, One-half of the proceeds of the Crumhorn Moun-
tain Tract of 6,944£ acres, amounting to 5,208
1819, One-half of the arrears of quitrents $26,690
" An exchange of securities between general and
common school fund, by which the school fund
sained 161,641
" Proceeds of escheated lands in M ilitary Tract given.
1822, By the Constitution, all public lands, amounting to
991,659 acres, were given to the school fund.
1S27, Dalance of loan of 1786, amounting to 33.610
" Bank stock owned by the State 100.000
" Canal « " " " 150,000
1S38, From the revenue of the United States deposit
fund, annually 110.000
An additional sum from the same fund for libraries 55,000
The sum of $25,000 from the revenue of the United States
deposit fund is annually added to the capital of the common
school fund; and the capital of this fund is declared by theCou-
stitution to be inviolate.
In directing the sale of the public lands, the State reserved
certain lots in the 10 Towns of St. Lawrence co. and in the Che-
nango 20 Townships, for gospel and school purposes. The pro-
ceeds from the sales of these lands have formed a local fund for
the benefit of the towns in which they lie. Many other towns
have small funds, derived from fines and penalties, applicable to
schqols. See p. 47.
4 The following directions are given in the selection of books : —
•• 1. No works written professedly to uphold or attack any
sect or creed in our country claiming to be a religious one shall
be tolerated in the school librailes.
"2. Standard works on other topics shall not be excluded
135
136
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
libraries, free to every person in the district, generally comprise books on scientific and literary
subjects and affording means of information which would otherwise be unattainable.
The State Normal School was established in 1844, for the instruction and practice of
teachers of common schools in the science of education and the art of teaching. It is supported
by an annual appropriation from the literature fund, and is under the immediate charge of an
executive committee appointed by the Regents of the University. Each county in the State is
entitled to send twice as many pupils to the school as it sends members to the Assembly. The
pupils receive tuition and the use of textbooks free, and also receive a small amount of mileage.
The school is located at the corner of Howard and Lodge Streets, Albany. 1
The law makes provision for the establishment of Union Free Schools wherever the
inhabitants may desire it, and for the formation of Colored Schools in districts where the
presence of colored children is offensive to a majority of the people of the district. 2
Previous to the Revolution no general system of education was established. All the schools '
that had been founded were of a private character or the result of special legislation. The
necessity and importance of common schools had not been recognized, and education was princi-
pally confined to the wealthier classes. At the first meeting of the State Legislature, in 1787,
Gov. Clinton called the attention of that body to the subject of education, and a law was passed
providing for the appointment of the Regents of the University. In 1789 an act was passed appro-
priating certain portions of the public lands for gospel and school purposes. In 1793 the Regents
in their report recommended the establishment of a general system of common schools ; and in
1795 Gov. Clinton in his message to the Legislature strongly urged the same. 3 On the 9th of
April of that year a law was passed "for the purpose of encouraging and maintaining schools in
the several cities and towns in this State, in which the children of the inhabitants of the State
shall be instructed in the English language, or be taught English grammar, arithmetic, mathe-
matics, and such other branches of knowledge as are most useful and necessary to complete a good
English Mucation." By this act the sum of £20,000, or S50,000, was annually appropriated for
5 years for the support of these schools.*
The beneficial result of this system, imperfect as it was, became at once apparent; and from time
to time measures were taken to increase the funds and to improve the system. 5 The successive
Governors nearly all strongly recommended the passage of new laws for the encouragement and
support of schools ; 6 but nothing definite was accomplished until 1811, when 5 commissioners were
because they incidentally and indirectly betray the religious
opinions of their authors.
Works, avowedly on other topics, which abound in direct
and unreserved attacks on. or defense of. the character of any
- ct, or those which hold up any religious body tocon-
lecration by singling out or bringing together only
th- darker parts of it-* historj oi character, shall be excluded
from Libraries. In the selection of books for u dis-
trict library, information, and not mere amusement, is to be
>- the primary Suitable provision should,
rer. be made for the Intellectual wants of the young, by
furnishing them with books which, without being merely
Juvenile in t ).>ir character, may be level to their comprehension
and sufficiently entertaining to excite and gratify a taste for
r<-n'i! u which are not read." — Code
, <~ i- ie l>. ' . . -
i M tnd females at 16 years of age;
and ipired to sign a pledge that
ha intends to bi I The number of graduates up
to ti - the tbirt' •. and tho
nnnib- r of pupils at that th Hie school lor several
year- r the head of State Street, now
k ii n." in 1848 the present building
was The p rlmental school
.t by the grade mbers j mewhal over 100
s. Thev ] i "i appointed by the
Executive Oonun
. let the Dnl d I 1 law a largo numl>er of schools
■i established in different parti of the State. Tbesi
f the
district, and the rate bill system la dU irded.
lished In all tb I the larger ^ ill*
the State by >-i cases thi I
irtnc nt*. furnishing
Instruction from the primary to a full acadetn
entirely free and within the reai b of all, they aflbi
cbi'. i tunitj to
K thorough English • i mk among
the best public •■ fa I- In thi •■■■ thus far
i superior to those in whii h the rate i ill system is retained.
* I- his message Governor Clinton uses the following lan-
ruag>-. — "While It is evl ral establishment
and libera] endowment of academies are highly to be c nn-
mended and are attended with the most beneficial consequences,
yet it cannot be denied that they are principally confined to the
children of the opulent, and that a great portion of the commu-
nity is excluded from their immediate advantages. The esta-
blishment of common schools throughout tho State is happily
calculated to remedy this inconvenience, and will therefore en-
gage your early and decided consideration."
4 The principal features of the system inaugurated by this act
were as follows : —
1. The public money was to be appropriated to the several
counties in the proportion of their representation in the Legis-
lature, and to the towns in proportion to the number of taxable
inhabitants in each.
2. The Boards of Supervisors were required to raise by tax
one-half as much as they received from the State.
3. Each town was to elect not less than ,'i nor more than 7
commissioners, to take general charge of the school-, to examine
barbers, and to Ibr public moneys in the several dis-
t ri< t-.
4. The people in each district were authorized to elect 2 or
more trusto i, to employ teachers, and to attend to the special
Interests ol the school.
5. The public money was to be divided among the various
districts In proportion to the number of days' instruction given
in each.
6. Annual reports were to be made from the districts, towns,
and counties.
The returns of 1798 -bow a total of 1,352 schools organized
and 69,660 children taught.
& An acl b a pas* '1 En L799 authorizing the raising of $100,000
by 4 i ~ .:■< I of which was appropriated for the support
ils. In 1 sill $100,000 more was rai-i, I by lottery
for school purposes, of which sum J.'io.uoo was devoted to com-
mon schools. In 1800a bill appropriating $50,000 to the SUD-
niiion schools passed the Assembly, but was defeat) d
in the Senate.
• Gov. Jay, in ISOO, Gov. Geo. Clinton, In 1802, Gov. Lewis, in
L8M and "06, and Gov. Tompkins, in several successive years,
urged noon the Legislature the necessity of revising the school
laws and of making more liberal appropriations for the support
v.ois. Several bills wen- introduced into the Legislature;
but they were all defeated in either the Senate or assembly. In
the mean time the school moneys gradually Increased, and wero
funded by the Comptroller, laying the foundation of the preseut
large school fund.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
137
appointed to report a complete system for the organization and establishment of common schools.
The commissioners made a report, accompanied by a draft of a bill, Feb. 14, 1812. The report was
accepted by the Legislature, and the bill became a law. 1 Under this act, Gideon Haw-ley was ap-
pointed Superintendent, and continued in office from 1813 to 1821. Tbe great success which this
system met with, and the firm hold which it speedily attained, is mainly due to the administrative
abilities and indefatigable exertions of Mr. Hawley. Several important changes were made in the
law daring his administration, all of which tended greatly to improve the schools. In 1821 tbe
office of State Superintendent was abolished, and the superintendence of schools was made an ap-
pendage to the department of Secretary of State. Every successive year the Governor and Secre-
tary of State urged upon the Legislature the necessity of systematizing the schools and of
correcting obvious defects in the existing laws. 2 In 1835 a law was passed providing for the esta-
blishment of teachers' departments in 8 academies, 1 in each of the Senatorial Districts of the State. 3
In 1838 the District Library system was established by law ; 4 and in 1841 the office of Deputy Su-
perintendent was created. 5 In 1843 the Board of Town Inspectors and School Commissioners was
abolished and the office of Town Superintendent was substituted. May 7, 1844, an act was passed
for the establishment of a State Normal School; and the school was opened at Albany on the 18th
of Dec. following. 6
On the 13th of Nov. 1847, the Legislature abolished the office of County Superintendent, — al-
though the act was strongly resisted by many of the best friends of education in the State.' During
the same session Teachers' Institutes, which had existed for several years as voluntary associa-
tions, were legally established. 8
On the 26th of March, 1849, an act was passed establishing free schools throughout the State.
By the conditions of this act the rate bill system was abolished, and the whole expense of the
schools beyond the State appropriation was made a tax upon the property of the district. This act
was submitted to a vote of the people and was sustained by a majority of 3 to 1. In consequence
of the inequality of the laws in regard to taxes, it was found that the Free School system did not
work well in practice. Remonstrances poured in upon the next Legislature from all parts of the
1 These commissioners, appointed by Gov. Tompkins, were i
Jedediah Peck, John Murray, jr., Samuel Kussel, .Roger Skin-
ner, aud Samuel Macomb. The principal features of this bill
were, —
1. $50,000 was annually to be divided among the counties of
the State.
2. The Boards of Supervisors were obliged to raise an equal
Bum, to be distributed among the towns and districts.
3. Three commissioners were to be appointed in each town to
superintend the schools and examine teachers.
4. Three trustees were to be elected in each district to engage
teachers and otherwise provide for the local necessities of the
school.
5. The whole system was to be placed under the charge of a
State Superintendent.
4 In 1S12 the office of School Commissioner was created, and
from 3 to 6 school inspectors were annually elected in each
town, with the same powers and duties as school commission-
ers. Bills were introduced from time to time to place the whole
system again under the charge of a distinctive officer, to pro-
vide for more efficient supervision of schools, to secure more
competent teachers, and to establish a seminary for the instruc-
tion of teachers ; but they all failed of receiving the necessary
support. In 1S2S the number of inspectors was reduced to 3.
The laws that were passed corrected the most obvious abuses ;
but no great step was taken in advance until 1838.
3 Erasmus Hall Academy in Kings co., Montgomery Aca-
demy, Orange co., Kinderhook, St. Lawrence, Fairfield, Oxford,
Canandaigua, and Middlebury Academies, were the institutions
in which this department was established.
i On the 13th of April of this year, the foundations of the
District School Library were laid by "an act authorizing the
taxable inhabitants of the several school districts to impose a
tax not exceeding $20 for the first year and $10 for each suc-
ceeding year, for the purchase of a district library, consisting
of sucli books as they shall in their district meeting direct."
This bill was ably advocated in the Senate by Col. Young, of Sa-
ratoga, and the Hon. Levi Beardsley, of Otsego; and its friends
were indebted for its success to the untiring exertions and ex-
tensive influence of .lames Wadsworth, of Geneseo. By act ot
July 9, 1S51, the law was modified, giving to supervisors of
towns a discretionary power of levying a tax for library pur-
poses.
In 1S38 an act was passed requiring $55,000 of the school
moneys to be distributed among the school districts and ex-
pended by the trustees in the purchase of suitable books for
district libraries, and the residue for the payment of the wages
of duly qualified teachers. An equal amount was also required
to be raised by taxation on the several counties and towns and
applied to the same purposes.
The first definite proposition to establish district libraries
was made by A. C. Flagg. in his report of 1*30.
6 In 1839, John C. Spencer, Superintendent of Schools, recom-
mended a plan of county supervision, which •• was urged upon
the department and the Legislature; and under the strong re$
commendation of the Superintendent, backed by the exertions
of several of the most eminent friends of popular education, —
among whom may be enumerated the Hon.JabezD. Hammond,
who as early as 1835 had given to the public the details of a
plan essentially similar; the Lev. Dr. Whitehouse, of Koch-
ester ; Francis Dwight, Esq., editor of the District School Jour-
nal, then of Geneva ; Professor Potter, of Union College; and
James Wadsworth, Esq., of Geneseo, — this project became, in
1841, by the nearly unanimous action of the Legislature, incor-
porated with our system of common schools." — Handall's Com-
■)iw7i School System, p. 44.
6 The establishment of a Normal School for the professional
education of teachers was strongly advocated by several super-
intendents, and had been a favorite measure of many distin-
guished friends of the cause for many years. The bill for the
establishment of the Normal School was introduced March 22,
1844, by Hon. Calvin T. Hurlburd, of St. Lawrence. The bill,
as passed, appropriated $9,000 for the first year, and $10,000 per
year for five years, for the support of the school, under the di-
rection of the State Superintendent and Regents of the Uni-
versity. The Superintendent of Schools, (Samuel Young,) Rev.
Alouzo Potter, Rev. W. H. Campbell, Hon. Gideon Hawley, and
Francis Dwight, Esq., were appointed an executive committee
to attend to the interests of the school. The committee pro-
ceeded to organize the school by the appointment of David P.
Page, Principal; Frederick I. llsley, Teacher of Music; and
J. R. Howard, Teacher of Drawing. Only 29 pupils were in at-
tendance the first day ; but the number speedily increased to
100, and since that time the school has been an uninterrupted
success.
1 This office had become very unpopular in some sections of
the State, in consequence of appointments having been fre-
quently made by the Board of Supervisors upon political con-
siderations merely, without the least regard to the qualifica-
tions of the appointees. Under the supervision of the County
Superintendents the schools had progressed more rapidly than
ever before, in the same period ; and after the abolishment of
that office they steadily retrograded for several years.
s The first Teachers' Institute in the State was held at Ithaca,
Tompkins co., April 4, 1843, under the direction of James S.
Deuman, County Superintendent. Immediately afterward, in-
stitutes were held in other counties ; aud in a few years they
became a fixed institution. In 1847 they were recognized by
the Legislature, and appropriations were made for their sup-
port.
138
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
State ; and in 1850 the law was again submitted to a vote of the people and again sustained, — though
by a decreased majority. In April, 1851, the Free School Act was repealed and the rate bill system
was reinstated. 1
During the session of 1853 a law was passed allowing Union Free Schools to be established
under certain conditions. 2 On the 30th of March, 1854, the office of Superintendent of Public In-
struction was created, — thus substantially restoring the original system of general supervision. 3
On the 13th of April, 1855, a law was passed allowing the Regents of the University to designate
certain academies in the several counties in which a teachers' class might be taught free, the State
allowing $10 for each pupil so taught, to a number not exceeding 20 in each academy.
1 At the time of the repeal of the Free School act a provision
was made for raising $80 '.oOO annually by a St.it.' tax. which
in many of the rural districts practically made free Bchools.
Thi- t:ix was afterward made a } mill tax upon all the property
of the State, producing a Bum somewhat larger in the aggregate,
and one increasini: with the wealth and wants of the State.
* The law for the creation of Onion free Schools was a recog-
nition of the free Bchool principle and an important step iu the
progress of education.
3 AVhile the School Department was a subordinate branch of
the Department of State, it was impossible to give to it that
character and efficiency necessary to the best interests and wel-
fare of the schools. Since the change, every department of edu-
cation lias felt a new impulse and has been constantly improv-
ing. The administration of the schools has been much more
perfect, the reports have been more regular and reliable, and
the standard of teaching has materially advanced.
School Statistics from the Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1859.°
Albany
Allegru
Broome
Cattaraugus....
oqua...
Chemung.-
Chenango
Clint-n
Columbia..
Cortland...
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Franklin
Fulton
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
JefTerson
I
1 -t-n
D
mery ..
Haw York.
i
On> i'li
Onondaga.
Oswego..
Putnam
-
-
Richn.
Rockland
-■ i
-
Bchohai
Schuyi-
St. ill- n
Suffolk
n
Tompkins.
•i
Washington...
Wayne
iiig
Y.it' -i
T • d.
"5
■b
>•*
{■1 '
170
169
243
252
259
262
211
214
221
253
255
255
248
247
278
307
318
114
116
127
274
277
286
182
182
189
187
188
199
1-2
1*2
183
332
337
337
213
217
247
326
327
497
1- i
187
1-2
156
157
156
110
111
113
146
151
151
163
164
172
28
33
29
103
199
203
373
375
398
47
47
355
176
178
179
193
196
207
238
239
254
244
244
336
120
126
129
95
95
1,1 so
171
168
197
"
'
458
- -
.
3i9
2 14
224
l-l
IT 1
201
134
1 2
143
208
297
344
320
80
•
«H
1
78
111
210
273
24
38
11
43
41 i
482
. "
248
68
88
2ol
IIS
112
112
117
148
Ml
169
169
183
210
881
130
139
123
241
21 r >
219
2.'. 2
148
211
10]
180
107
106
110
11308
11.617
it. j-'.
Wo. nf chil-
dren between
4 ami 21.
39..->f.9
16411
13.510
16,121
19.438
19,935
10.641
14.747
18.327
16,503
9.254
15.696
21.446
50.773
11.400
11.299
10.551
10,644
11.689
1.046
14.136
25.757
50.772
1(1.358
14,055
1 5,654
34.370
12,033
200, i
18,051
88,455
32.478
15.875
-.1 661
10.514
27,248
i- 027
6,489
17,058
28,372
8,188
1 S.I 45
7,281
1J.OJ1
7.1os
10464
26,717
i i,1 'J
12,280
10,874
7^12
17,062
12,072
No. of vol-
umes in dis-
trict library.
27.018
20,196
17.314
20.S59
45.109
33,260
11.571
31.941
18.203
21,719
18.588
28.075
33.915
45.445
17,393
11.868
12.308
17,842
21.051
1,454
24.676
41.536
37,529
15,628
28,040
30.445
36,518
18,048
4.000
23.764
54588
44,978
27.2 is
82,929
16,082
31,841
::." i
0,064
.
7,025
18,002
16347
82,010
23.999
17 B72
21,088
81.803
26,114
12,170
Apportionment
of State moneys
for 1859.
S34.755.46
18.443.07
15,680.38
17.569.93
21,647.28
22.937.75
10,727.63
18.622.61
16.448.91
17.196.20
11.586.07
19.703.21
22.672.83
49,449.52
12.252.48
11.126.1S
9.236.79
12.312.75
12.793.84
1.515.11
15.765.92
28,164.96
68,798.02
11.580.04
15.664.48
1\ 430.01
84,972.62
11.649.24
207.332.95
18,106.71
41.891.72
88,281.16
17,891.78
21 .431 10
11,302.71
28,152.08
21,99448
5.31 9.2S
15 251.77
28,062.5 1
6,617.81
'11.17
88,17
10,62440
739450
14,506.61
7,91257
0,968.68
26,67258
15428.09
12 004.20
11.737.21
18,272.69
24,240.87
8.832 68
18,62658
19,3ol.57
26,008.02
18,02449
'7>. 1448,118 $1316,607.18 $8,277,256.14 $3,792,948.79
Total receipts.
$122,068.91
28.818.51
24,123.23
27,601.80
48.535.41
4o,785.66
19.119.92
29.341.34
23,529.05
34,767.79
17,255.54
28,757.16
46,222.93
138.417.98
19,337.32
15.637.73
14.102.19
23,487.48
22.016.69
2,105.87
27.365.25
49,185.46
246461.75
17.348.67
26,652.77
81,594.17
112.104.41
23.430.67
951.178.40
37,950.86
72.376.15
80.114.54
86443.60
53,077.70
10,239.66
72.476.06
32.171.15
9,103.17
42.506.25
14,029.12
16.S71.53
12.295.09
5s.331.45
34.626.32
17,979.08
21.S44.73
13,528.71
24.109.69
42,912.11
88,765.60
19.23S.5S
19.627.49
24,286.06
48,768.04
12.953.77
31.9i-3.60
8733848
84,64840
21,76650
1938050
Total expenses.
$124,673.71
32.258.36
27,529.65
33,362.17
59.294.50
45.440.26
20,558.93
32.506.47
26,198.33
36.898.14
20,937.05
33.603.46
61,889.61
197.465.83
21,271.35
20,802.87
18/713.68
2S,726.57
27.027.94
2.364.82
33,533.20
58.063.32
230,877.31
19.408.54
34.072.68
34.847.48
107.4so.57
23.430.67
951.178.40
37.95O.S0
72.376.15
80.114.54
36,443.60
5:'..o77.70
19.239.56
72.476.06
32.171.15
9.103.17
42.506.25
14,029.12
16,871.53
12,295.09
68,33146
84,62652
17.970.08
21.H44.73
13,528.71
24.1
42,912.11
88,71 i I
19.238.58
19,62749
24,285.01
48,763.04
14,063.80
86,0i 6.24
46,094.11
05,166.04
27,744.76
10.417.96
• The above Table embraces returns from Jan. 1 to Oct. 1, 1858, except the last column, which is for the year 1857.
CHURCHES.
139
The office of School Commissioner was created by law April 12, 1850, and by the same act the
office of Town Superintendent was abolished. This substantially reinstated the office of County
Superintendent, the abolishment of which in 1847 was so disastrous to the interests of education. 1
On the 15th of March, 185G, an act was passed directing that the school laws should be digested and
codified. 2 By act of April 12, 1858, the school year was changed so as to commence Oct. 1, and
the annual district school meetings were directed to be held on the second Tuesday of October.
Mercantile Colleges, especially adapted to instruction in opening, conducting, and closing
business accounts of every kind, and an elucidation of the laws and customs that have been esta-
blished concerning them, have within a few years been opened in most of our cities. They de-
pend entirely upon individual enterprise for support, and instruction is usually given by oral illus-
trations, lectures, and examples. 3
CHURCHES.
The various church organizations in the State are independent of each other and are supported
entirely by private contributions. The aggregate amount of church property in the State, and the
amount annually raised for religious purposes, is immense. The following is a list of the different
denominations, arranged in alphabetical order : —
The African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) Church was formed in 1820. The
State of New York forms one conference, having in 1852 1,928 members.
The American Swedenborgian Association was formed in 1857, and has its
office in New York City. A Printing and Publishing Society of this denomination, formed in 1850,
collected in the year ending in 1858 $3,108.25. It owns the stereotype plates of all the theological
writings of Swedenborg.
The Anti Mission or Old School Baptist, in 1855, had in the State 18 churches and
1,101 members.
The Associate Presbyterian Church, in 1855, had 26 churches and 3,926 members,
and The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 38 churches and 5,634 mem-
bers. These two denominations united in May, 1858, under the name of The United Pres-
byterians.
The Baptist Church has in the United States 565 associations, 11,600 churches, 7,141
ordained ministers, 1,025 licentiates, and 923,198 members. Of these 43 associations, 812 churches,
738 ordained ministers, 90 licentiates, and 84,266 members are in New York. Its general Benevo-
lent Associations are the "American Baptist Missionary Union," "American Baptist Publication
Society," "American Baptist Historical Society," "American Baptist Home Mission Society,"
" American and Foreign Bible Society," "American Baptist Foreign Mission Society," "Southern
Baptist Convention," 1845, and " Southern Baptist Publication Society," 1847. It has in this State
2 colleges and 2 theological seminaries, and has 5 periodicals devoted to its interests. 4
1 The School Commissioners have generally succeeded in
awakening a new interest in their respective districts by per-
sonally visiting the schools and teachers, by encouraging the
formation of teachers' associations and institutes, and by re-
quiring a higher standard of qualification on the part of teachers.
The schools under their supervision are steadily improving.
8 The expense of this codification of the school laws was de-
frayed from the library fund.
3 These institutions are almost indispensable in every mer-
cantile community. They afford instruction upon every depart-
ment of business accounts, and incidentally upon methods of
conducting business generally. Courses of lectures are usually
given, in which are unfolded the laws relating to all business
matters, and a vast amount of information is given relating to
all departments of commercial transactions. The most exten-
sive of these colleges are those of Bryant & Stratton, 7 in num-
ber, of which 3 are in this State, — 1 at Buffalo, 1 at Albany, and
1 at New York, — Eastman's Colleges, at Rochester and Oswego,
and Bassett's College, at Syracuse. There are various other
Institutions of the kind in the State, of good local repute, and
of great value to the villages and towns in which they are es-
tablished.
4 The Missionary Union was formed in 1S14; its receipts for
1857-58 were $97,808.77. It has 19 missions, 80 missionaries,
and over 300 churches. The headquarters of the Society are at
Boston. The Baptist Publication Society was formed in 1^24,
and has its depository at Philadelphia. It supports 53 colpor-
teurs, and its receipts for 1857-58 were $60,585.12. The Amer~
ican Baptist Home Missionary Society was formed in 1832. and
has its office in New York. It employs 99 missionaries and
supplies about 250 stations. Its receipts for 1S57-58 were
$52,093.33. The American and Foreign Bible Society, firmed in
1838. has its office at New York. Its receipts for 1S57-5S were
$57,049.98. Madison University, at Hamilton, and the University
of Rochester are Baptist institutions; and attached to each is a
theological seminary. The papers published by this denomi-
nation are, — The New York Examiner, New York Chronicle,
American Baptist, (newspapers.) and the Home Mission Record,
and Mothers' Journal, (magazines,) all published in New York
City
140
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Christian Connexion 1 divide the State into the New York Eastern, New York
Central, New York "Western, Northern, Black River, and Tioga Christian Conferences, each having
distinct boundaries. They have in the U. S. and Canada over 1,500 ministers and 335 commu-
nicants. The census reports 85 churches in this State and 9,825 persons usually attending them.
The Congregational Churches of the Union number about 2,900, with 2,400 ministers
and 240,000 members. Of these, 425 churches, 400 ministers, and 25,000 members are claimed
within the State of New York. 2
The Congregational Methodists 3 were first composed of seceders from the Methodist
Episcopal Church, in 1820. They have 3 churches in the State.
The Disciples Of Christ have in the Union over 1,700 churches, 1,100 ministers, and
130,000 members.* In New York they reported, in 1855, 28 churches and 2,015 members. The
New York State Convention embraces, besides the State, parts of Connecticut and Vermont.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church embraces 35 synods in the U. S., of which 25 are
connected with a general synod. It numbers 1,083 ministers and 1,920 congregations, 5 and has of
general societies the Parent Educational, Home Missionary, Foreign Missionary, Church Extension,
Lutheran Historical, and Lutheran Publication, for the purposes indicated by their respective titles.
It has within this State a Theological Seminary and Academy at Hartwick, Otsego county, and
Martin Luther College, with a theological department, at Buffalo.
The Free If ill Baptist Church in the U. S. has 28 yearly and 129 quarterly meetings,
1189 churches, 957 ordained and 104 licensed preachers, and 55,209 communicants. 6 This State
comprises 5 whole yearly meetings and parts of 2 others. As no attention is paid to State lines
The Fifty-First Annual Report of the Baptist Missionary
C n'. i iiii n of the State of New York (Oct. 1858) gives the fol-
lowing statistics of this denomination in New York. The dates
of organization are from the Baptist Almanac : —
Associations.
Black River
Br i •me & Tioga.
Bnfialc
Canisteo River
augus
Cnynga
Chi mnng River
Chenango
Cortland
t
Dill lll-99
k Champlain....
Franklin
... r
II m ny
Hud- n I!iv.-r North..
Had - >nth...
i
l.ni'i fnrton
i k River
Honme
i ork
rn
i
lo
a
laerrille
Mown
sti
kWrettC*
I'ni'.n
v. :,-liington Uni .ti ...
Yates
■8
a
1808
1823
1815
1835
1835
1800
1842
1832
1827
18.54
1 s:;4
1847
1834
1811
[811
1828
l-.M
1809
1812
1 827
1T'<1
1824
1822
1M4
1796
1799
1821
1M7
1- 14
1842
s
s
"8 85
■§■§
■Si
o=3
32
35
25
19
21
21
10
9
23
18
19
17
20
17
29
21
19
18
15
11
20
19
19
13
14
7
17
12
17
16
15
13
20
IB
29
21
41
57
11
10
10
8
IS
18
10
9
24
19
86
33
11
12
23
28
•Jl
17
19
u
11
9
ie
13
17
16
12
11
23
25
16
is
U
1n
19
•Jl
■-■•i
16
16
23
1-
18
13
17
12
8
6
s
2.958
2,755
2,512
381
1.534
2,108
1.856
2,571
2,188
992
1.73S
1.344
1.079
1.702
l.'.lllS
1,485
l.scs
■I 985
9.013
646
693
2^290
731
8,068
5,632
1,66 I
2,1 1 I
1.866
l.Ml
1,061
1,670
1,372
1,797
1,189
2.149
2,11 -
2,282
1,728
1J286
804
Otherwise named "Unitarian Raptl«t..< " They orlgfi
between 17 f, o nnl 1801, in secessions from Baptists, Meth
and Presbyterians. Bach church i- independent In government ;
and full statistics are n r 't nrre.-itile.
s Thr General i ' " of Vino Vnrlt inelndea th.. Oneida,
Black Kiv.r, Ksscx, St. LMRenoe, Weston New York. Long
Island, New York & Brooklyn, Ontario, Susquehanna, Albany,
and Puritan of Wyoming & Allegany Associations. The Ameri-
can Congregational Union has for one of its objects the aid of
feeble churches. In the year ending in 1S58 it expended
$6,154.05 for this purpose.
3 Otherwise known as "StSweUUeS."
* Sometimes known as "Carupbellites," from Rev. Alexander
Campbell, the founder.— Fox d-Hnyl's Quad. Reg,, 1852, p. 253.
6 From tho Lutheran Almanac, 1859. The synods embraced
in New York are as follows : —
Synods.
New York Ministerian.,
Hartwick Synod
Franekean Synod
Synod of Buffalo
When
formed.
17S5
1830
1838
1839
Ministers.
59
25
24
16
Congre-
gations.
55
33
30
16
Of these the last two are not connected with the General
Synod.
These synods havo no definite boundaries, but overlap each
other, and in some instances extend into neighboring States.
The Kirchtiches Informatorium and Ilistorische Zeitblatt, of
Buffalo, and I)er Lutherischo Ilerold, of New York, are the
official organs <>f this denomination.
The Free Will Baptist Register for 1859 gives the following
statistics. To those extending partly into neighboring States
a *t;ir is prefixed; and those entirely out of the State are in
Italies.
ANNT7AL
IN08.
QlAItTKnt.T
Ml KTI.NGS.
8
1
43
38
37
34
16
17
40
11
43
30
29
22
7
13
36
-* >-
g o
-: .-
■^
7
3
8
10
3
3
2
h
el
2,170
1,666
1,262
246
488
826
2,163
Holland I'nr-
Cattaraugus, Catta-'
raugus Center,
Chautauqua. Krio.,
♦French Creek,
and Genesee
'Rochester, Monroe,"
Union, Wayne, >
'.-'ii-.|M.'h:mna...
•New York and
Pi fin. _
'•Owego, Oibson,]
Bpafford, *Wal- -
'Yates and Steuben,!
♦Potter Co.Jlrad- 1
ford and Tinga, f
rMcDonouirh. Che-)
Whitestown, Os-1
WOgO, Renssc- 1
laer, ♦Otsego, f
Lake George J
Central N. Y
C II U K C II E S.
141
in these divisions, the exact numbers in the State cannot be determined from the reports. Its
general institutions are 3 mission societies, an anti-slavery society, a biblical school and insti-
tution at New Hampton, N. II., and a seminary in this Slate
The Friends or Quakers have, since 1827, been divided into 2 distinct branches, known
as " Hieksite" and " Orthodox." The Hicksites have a general meeting for the United States and
Canada, which is divided into G yearly, 33 quarterly, and 138 monthly meetings in the U. S., and
2 half-yearly and G monthly meetings in Canada. This State is embraced within the New York
and the Genesee yearly meetings, the former of which extends into New Jersey and the latter into
Canada. There are of the New York yearly meeting in this State 7 quarterly and 31 monthly
meetings ; of the Genesee yearly meeting 2 quarterly and 8 monthly meetings.
The Orthodox Friends divide the United States and Canada into 8 yearly, 1 half-yearly, G5
quarterly, and 222 monthly meetings. The New York yearly meeting comprises 1 half-yearly,
15 quarterly, and 43 monthly meetings, of which 9 entire and a part of 1 other quarterly and
28 monthly meetings are within the State, the remainder being in adjoining States and Canada. 1
The German Methodists 2 originated in the year 1800, and number about 20,000. They
have in New York about 15 churches and 3,000 members.
The Mennonites have in the Union 300 churches and 36,280 members: of these, 6
churches and 442 members were reported in Western N. Y. in 1855.
The Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States was divided in 1844 into the
Church North and the Church South, forming two independent organizations, differing only upon
the question of slavery. The Church North embraces 49 annual conferences, 5,3G5 traveling, 769
superannuated, and 7,169 local preachers, and 820,514 members and probationers. The
total number of preachers in both divisions is 20,644, and of members 1,476,291. This State
embraces 5 entire and parts of 4 other conferences, which are subdivided into districts and cir-
cuits, each with definite boundaries. The Sunday School Union of the M. E. Church North re-
ports 11,229 schools, 120,421 officers and teachers, 639,120 scholars, and 2,054,253 volumes in S. S.
libraries. Its Tract Society has auxiliaries in each conference, and distributes large quantities of
tracts and a small paper called " The Good News." Its Missionary Society supports 44 foreign mis-
sionaries and 76 helpers, and 302 missionaries and 214 helpers among the Indians and foreign
populations. Its " Book Concern" carries on an amount of publication equaled by that of few
private firms in the country, including books, papers, and magazines. This denomination has
within the State 1 college and 10 seminaries, in connection with annual conferences. 3
The Methodist Protestant Church was formed Nov. 1830. It divides the Union
into conferences, stations, and circuits. The census reports as belonging to this denomination in
this State, in 1855, 46 churches and 1,605 members.
The Presbyterian Church existed as one body until 1837, when it was divided into
"Old School" and " New School," which form two distinct organizations, with similar professions
of faith but different views of discipline. The Old School General Assembly of the U. S. report
33 synods, 159 presbyteries, 2,468 ministers, 3,324 churches, and 259,335 communicants. During
T^" missionary societies under the charge of this society are
the Free Will Baptist Foreign Mission Society, which supports
3 missionaries and their families at Arissa, India, the Free
Will Baptist Home Mission Society, and the Free Will Baptist
Female Missionary Society. The Whitestown Seminary, occu-
pying the premises erected for the Oneida Institute, formerly a
manual labor school, is under the auspices of this denomination.
l The names of quarterly meetings within the State, with the
number of monthly meetings in each, according to Foulke's
Friends' Almanac for 1858, are, in the New York yearly meet-
ing, Westbury, 6, Purchase, 3, Nine Partners, 3, Stanford, 4,
Easton, 5, Saratoga. 5, Duanesburgh, 5 ; in the Genesee yearly
meeting, Farmington, 5, Scipio, 3.
The quarterly meetings within the yearly meeting, according
to Wooifs Book of Meetings, 1858, are as follows, with the date
of establishment and number of monthly meetings in each: —
Westbury, (1676.) 2; Purchase, (prior to 1746,) 3; Nine Part-
ners. (1783.) 3; Stanford, (1800,) 3; Ferrisburgh, (partly in Ver-
mont, 1809.) 1; in New York, 2; in Vermont, Farmington,
(1810,) 5; Butternuts, (1812, under the name of Duanesburgh,
changed in 1838,) 3; Saratoga, (1793, in 1795 changed to Easton,
in 1815 divided into Saratoga and Easton, and in 1835 the latter
was discontinued,) 3; Scipio, (1825.) 2; Le Ray, (1S30.) 3. The
first meeting within New York was established at Oyster Bay,
by Richard Smith and others who were banished from Boston
in 1656. The persecutions of that colony drove others to Rhode
Island and Long Island, and meetings were established at Oys-
ter Bay, Gravesend, Jamaica, Hempstead, Flushing, and other
places, at an early period.
* Correctly known as Evangelical Association, or Albrights.
3 The following is a summary of the Conferences in New
York. Those marked with a star are partly in other States.
Preachers.
Members in Society.
Conference.
s
rf
S>
s
s
£
8 "3
6«,
*§
3
§
1
1
e
g
Is"
$3
New York
207
110
147
165
168
38
14
34
50
30
161
102
142
177
159
26.666
9.511
16.380
22,990
16.972
4,477
1,133
2,134
3,382
3.128
31.143
10.644
18,514
26,372
20,100
15.245
3,883
108
11.532
3,542
1810
1829
1833
1836
*Erie
1836
1848
167
150
26
33
206
139
20.306
16,861
2,607
2.257
22,913
19.118
6.445
4.693
East Genesee
*New York East
1849
142
45
176
22,236
3.029
25,268
27.2S9
1852 93
11
134
11,652
2.4S5
14,137
3.225
The districts within the State of New York forming the above
Conferences are : —
New York— Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Prattsville, Monticello,
N. Y
sion.
German Mission, Rochester, and German Mis-
142
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
the year ending May, 1858, $2,544,692 was raised for various religious and benevolent objects. Its
general objects of promotion and extension are conducted by Boards ; and it has various funds for
special objects. The State of New York embraces the greater part of 3 synods. 1
Tlie ^Veiv School Presbyterian General Assembly of the United States reports 26
synods, 120 presbyteries, 1,612 ministers, 1,687 churches, and 143,510 communicants. During
the year ending May, 1858, $273,965.90 was raised for domestic and foreign missions, education,
and publication. It has several committees for the promotion of its general objects, and has in this
State 2 theological seminaries and several periodicals. 2
The Primitive Methodists have 2 churches and about 500 members in this State. They
have in the Union over 1,200 members.
The Protestant Episcopal Church embraces in the Union 31 dioceses and 4 mis-
sions, 1,995 parishes, 39 bishops, 1,979 clergymen, and 127,953 communicants. Total contribu-
tions for missionary and charitable purposes, $1,265,642.96. Its general institutions are the "Gene-
ral Theological Seminary," New York, the " Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society," the
" General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union and Church Book Society," the " Protestant
Episcopal Historical Society," the "Western Church Extension Society," and the "Prot. E. So-
ciety for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge."
The Diocese of Xew York 3 embraces all e. of the e. lines of Broome, Chenango, Madi-
son, Oneida, Lewis, and Jefferson cos., and comprises 275 parishes, 321 clergymen, and 22,411
communicants
C, n-.-.v — Buffalo. Niagara, Genesee, Wyoming, and Olean.
Oneida — Oneida, Chenango, Cortland. Auburn, and Cazenovia.
Troy — Troy, Albany, Saratoga, Plattsburgh, and 3 in \t.
Black Bir-r — Rome. Syracuse, Oswego, Adams, Watertown,
Ogdensburgh, and Potsdam.
£We— Ifredonla. The remainder in Ohio and Penn.
Eisi i, Geneva, Rochester, West Rochester, Bath, Corn-
ing. Elmira, and Lima.
— New York, (E. district,) Long Island, and 2
in Conn.
It', rating — Biughamton and Owego, in part; the remainder in
Penn.
The offices of the several Missionary Societies and of the Book
rn are at 200 Mulberry St.. N. Y. The periodicals issued
fr"m that establishment are the Christian Advocate and Jour-
nal, a weekly newspaper : the Quarterly Review, the National
Magazine, and the Ladies' Repository, octavo magazines: and
the .-unlay School Advocate, The Good News, and the Mission-
ary Advocate, small Dewspapers. The Northern Christian Ad-
vocate, at Auburn, is also an official publication of this denom-
ination. Cnder the auspices of this Church are the Genesee
College, at Lima, Livingston CO.; the Amenia Seminary,
>.; Ashland Collegiate Institute, Greene co.; Char-
lotte Boarding Academy, Schoharie co.; Falley Seminary, Ful-
ton, : Gen' - - W.-].yan Seminary, Lima, Livingston
rneur Wealeyan Seminary, St. Lawrence co.; Jones-
villi- Acad my, Saratoga co.; New York Conference Seminary,
Cbarlotterflle, Schoharie CO.; Oneida Conference Seminary,
I ' i i.; and the Susquehanna Seminary, Binir-
hamton, Broome co. Bcniib- these, a large number of institu-
tions, Including Bereral Of the incorporated academies, are
owned and patronised mainly bj members of this denomination.
1 The names of proebj teriea and stai I Uct of churches of tins
branch in the State are reported in the Old School Presbyter! in
Almanac for 1(60 as follows: —
—:
'09.
s
£
O
Buffalo.
New York....
Pmbyterta.
I tidondcrry, Tr.>y. Al-
. M. Iia-.i k
"
Bod
North
l-l ind,
Y"rk
2d, Canl
Connecticut,
1
•9
V
u
=
g
00
04
60
62
!•'.
-
:.;•■
5/)28
17.495
7V Board of P m ■■■':■ M> a ru has 610 missionaries and
990 churches and missionary - ' foi the year
rnding March 1.1- - arc located in
Philadelphia and Louisville.
The B"ot<I of Education is dtfidod into ministerial education
and education in schools, academies, colleges, and parochial
schools. Under the auspices of this denomination are 22 col-
leges, 60 academies, and 100 parochial schools. The receipts for
1S57 were $56,492.06. Its office is at Philadelphia.
The Board of Foreign Missions has 69 ministers, 30 male and
90 female assistant missionaries, and 23 native teachers. The
receipts for 1S57 were $223,977.79. Its office is at the corner of
Center and Reade Sts.. N. Y.
The Board of Publication issues tracts, books, newspapers,
and other periodicals in great numbers. Its receipts for 1S57
were $126,960.28. Its office is at Philadelphia.
- The following summary of the New School Presbyterian
Church in New York is from the American Presbyterian Al-
manac for 1S59, and other authentic sources: —
.2
Stxods.
<5
lsu:;
Albany
Utica
1829
1812
Onondaga —
Susqueh'nna
lSfia
1853
1821
N. Y. &N.J.
1788
Presbyteries.
Champlain. Troy, Albany,
Columbia, Catskill
St. Lawrence. Watertown,
Oswego, Utica
Onondaga
Otsego, Chenango, Dela-
ware
(Jen Bee, Ontario, Roch-
ester, Niagara, Buffalo,
Angelica
Hudson. North River,
Lung Island. New York
3d, New York 4th,
Brooklyn, and 4 others
not in the State
84
65
109
80
42
125
70
72
93
70
51
108
226 155
8,257
7,106
9,723
7.709
3,989
12,371
24,905
The various societies under the careof this denomination are
in charge of the Pn sbyterian Publication Committee, Foreign
Mission Committee, Permanent Committee on Education, and
Church Kxtensi in Committee. Young men preparing for tho
ministry are educated at the Union Theological Seminary, of
New fork City, and Auburn Theological Seminary, of Cayuga
co. Tin- newspapers of the denomination are tho Evangelist, of
New York, and the Genesee Evangelist, of Rochester.
3 Its Institutions arc tin- •• Society for the Promotion of Re-
ligion and i.-ai ning," the "Corporation for the Relief of Widows
and Children oi Clergymen.'' the "Prot. E. Tract Society,'' tho
•New Y^rk Bible and Common Prayer Bonk Society," tho
" New Y..rU Prot. E.City Mission Society," tho " Prot. E. Chris-
tian Mission Society for Seamen in the City and Port of New
York," the "Prot B. Brotherhood of New York," the "Northern
Missionary Convocation," the "Bible and Common Prayer Hook
iv of Albany ami its Vicinity," the "Brotherhood of St.
Barnabas," (Troy,) "Columbia College," "Trinity School,"
fN, Y..'St. Luke's Hospital." (N. Y..)"St. Luke's Homo for
Indigent Christian Females," the "Church Charity Founda-
tion. " (Brooklyn,) and the " Pastoral Aid Society."
CHURCHES.
143
The Diocese of Western New York. 1 embraces the remainder of the State, comprising
149 parishes, 129 clergymen, and 10,551 communicants.
The Reformed Methodists originated in 1814, in Vt. Their church government is
Congregational. They report in the State 8 churches and about 500 members.
The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, is derived from the church of the
same name in Scotland. In 1855 it numbered in the State 15 churches and 2,274 members.
The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of the State belongs to the General
Synod of the lief. Prot. Dutch of N. A. It is subdivided into the particular Synods of New York
and Albany, the former embracing 1G and the latter 14 classes, of which 29 are entirely within the
State and 1 partly in New Jersey. In 1855 it reported 364 churches, 348 ministers, 130,120 per-
sons attending congregations, and 38,927 communicants. Of these, 200 churches, 259 ministers,
21,027 families, 97,553 total of congregations, and 31,208 communicants, were in this State.
The Roman Catholic Church divides the Union into 7 Provinces, 43 Dioceses, and 3
Vicarates Apostolic. The Province of New York comprises the New England States, New York
and New Jersey, and the dioceses of New York, Portland, Burlington, Boston, Hartford, Brook-
lyn, Albany, Buffalo, and Newark. Four of these are within this State. There are 3 theological
seminaries, 1 preparatory seminary, 2 colleges, and a large number of benevolent and educational
institutions belonging to this denomination within the State, and 9 periodicals devoted to its
interests. 2
The Seventh Day Baptists have in the United States 67 churches, 70 ordained ministers,
and 7,250 members. Of these 36 churches are in New York. In 1835 the denomination was
divided into associations, of which the Eastern, Central, and Western are embraced wholly or in
part in this State. De Ruyter Institute and the Alfred Academy are under the patronage of this
denomination.
Shakers, or the "United Society of Believers," otherwise called the "Millennial Church,"
numbers in the Union 18 communities and about 6,000 members. They live in "families," and
in New York they are principally located at New Lebanon, Watervliet, and Groveland.
The Unitarians number in the Union 293 clergyman and 250 societies, mostly in Massa-
chusetts. They have within this State 10 societies. Their only periodical within the State is the
"Christian Inquirer," a weekly newspaper in New York City, published under the auspices of
the "Unitarian A#sociation of the State of New York." 3
The ITniversalists United States Convention is composed of clerical and lay delegates from
each State and Territorial Convention, and meets on the third Tuesday of Sept. annually. 4 The
denomination has a Historical Society, composed of all preachers and laymen in good standing
who sign the constitution. It also has a General Reform Association, that meets in Boston on the
1 Its institutions are Hobart Free College, at Geneva ; and De
Veaux College, at Suspension Bridge. There are besides several
incorporated and private academies supported by members of
this denomination. — Church Almanac for 1859, pp. 32, 47.
a The following statistics are upon the authority of the Catholic
Almanacs of 1859.
General Statistics for 1858.
"S7=
S^a
»K
S^
•2 1
69
9
30
89
35
""i
49
4
12
" "i
l
l
2
27
Cicq
.0
<3^
S=5
34
2
"V
113
5
50
84
84
13
13
2
1
10
9
102
30
98
114
2
" otherwise em-
Ecclesiastical institutions...
14
2
9
14
Literary institutions for
Literary institutions for
Charitable institutions
Hospitals and infirmaries...
House of the Good Shepherd
Parochial and other schools
Religious institutions
380,940
26
100,000
The Diocese of New York, formed in 1808, comprises Dela-
ware, Dutchess, New York, Orange, Putnam, Richmond, Rock-
land, Sullivan, Ulster, and Westchester counties. The Diocese
of Brooklyn, formed in 1853, comprises Kings, Queens, and Suf-
folk counties. The Diocese of Albany, formed in 1847, comprises
the remainder of the State E. of the west lines of Cayuga,
Tompkins, and Tioga counties. The Diocese of Buffalo, formed
in 1847, comprises the counties w. of the west lines of Ca-
yuga, Tompkins, and Tioga.
The distinctive schools under the patronage of this denomi-
nation are the St. John's College, at Fordham. Westchester co. ;
College of St. Francis Xavier, New York City ; St. Joseph's
Theological Seminary, Fordham; Ecclesiastical Seminary. Buf-
falo ; Franciscan Convent, Allegany ; and Preparatory Seminary
of Our Lady of the Angels, Niagara.
The Catholic papers in the State are The New York Freeman's
Journal and Catholic Register, The New York Tablet, The Pilot,
(N. Y. and Boston,) Katholische Kirchen Zeitung, weekly, of
N. Y.; The Buffalo Sentinel, weekly; Catholic Institute Maga-
zine, Newburgh; Brownson's Quarterly Review, N.Y. ; Ameri-
can Catholic Almanac and Clergy List ; and the Six Cent Catho-
lic Almanac and Laity's Directory, of N. Y.
8 Year Book of the Unitarian Cong. C!i urcTies, 1857 .
4 The New York State Convention embraces the Central, Nia-
gara, Cayuga, Buffalo, Mohawk River, Ontario, Genesee, Black
Kiver, St. Lawrence, Otsego, Allegany, Steuben, Chautauqua,
Chenango, Hudson River, and New York Associations, and con-
tains 220 societies, 194 church edifices, and employs 107 preachers.
It has a State Educational Society, with £10,000 subscribed,
and $25,000 invested for the Theological School in Canton ;
and has in charge the Clinton Liberal Institute. The Uni-
versalist Paper and Book Establishment has assets amount-
ing to $13,796, and unredeemed stock to the amount of $4,169.
The profits of the concern are applied to the purchase of the
shares, which will thus become the property of the State Con-
vention. It has a relief fund for aged and disabled preachers.
The Young Men's Christian Union, formed Jan. 1856, and the
144
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
last Tuesday in May. This denomination has organizations in 32 States and Territories, in 19 of
•which State Conventions are held. It has 4 educational, 9 missionary, 1 tract, and 4 Sunday
school associations, 1 relief fund, and 1 book and newspaper establishment, — all of which are of a
State character. It has 85 associations, 1,334 churches or societies, 913 church edifices, 655
preachers, 18 periodicals, and 9 institutions of learning.
The Wesleyan Methodists. 1 This denomination in the United States was formed by
seceders from the M. E. Church, May, 1843.
Besides these, there are churches in the State known as Bethels, Evangelical, German Evangelical
Reformed, Jewish, Calvinistic Methodists, German Methodists, Moravians, French Evangelical
Presbyterian, Protestant Community of Inspiration, Second Advent, True Dutch, Free, and Union,
numbering in the aggregate a large number of church edifices and communicants. 2
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
Societies of a religious, humane, and benevolent character began to be formed in considerable
numbers about 1822-25. The objects of these societies enlisted the co-operation of members of the
different religious denominations and of other philanthropic persons, and annual meetings were
held in New York for the several objects.
The time of meeting has been usually in the second week in May, and the appointments were
so made that the same persons could attend several of them in succession. These societies have
become numerous, and "Anniversary week" thus becomes a season of interest to thousands. The
assembling of so large a number of persons from distant sections of the Union has led reformers
nf overv degree to appoint the anniversary meetings of their societies at the same time and place ;
and there is scarcely a society for the promotion of religion, morality, charity, or civil and social
reform that is not thus annually brought to public notice, its operations exhibited, and its
claims urged.
The societies exclusively under the control of a single denomination are noticed under the reli-
gious sects.
The principal societies of a general character are as follows: —
Tlie American Bible Society, formed by a convention of 60 persons, mostly clergy-
men, May s, 1809, has for its object the publication and distribution of the Bible and parts
X. T , ( - - lety aro connected with this denom-
ination. It* periodical* an- tin- Christian Ambassador, at
Auburn Mid Sew York, and a monthly periodical by the female
rtment of the Clinton Liberal Institute.
> The ML E. Church in England and Canada is thns known.
The church of this name in the U. S. differs from the others in
rejecting the classification of the ministry as bishops, elders,
and deacons. Tlnir official orjran is the True Wesleyan.
2 The following table shows tin' p'lieial statistic if churches
in the several counties: —
Church Statistics.
OOOTBD
Albany
Allegany
laqnn
Chemung
•Cbenaivco. ...
n
Columbia —
Cortland
ire
Ihitchese
Erie
Prankln
s c
ill
aa
100
33
111
46
86
:,i
92
166
61
36
121,000
66,196
CO DUTIES.
Pulton
Hamilton ...
Herkimer
Jeften
Kintr*
Lewti
I,iTinfr«t<i|i ...
Madi*>n
M"nr>«-
Mont.
"rk ....
Ninfrara.
Oneida
Onondaga-....
88
61
Tl
6
86
13}
149
64
M
'•i
141
962
74
201
142
ill
§11
$ 96.350
lM.rwtn
168,325
1.400
173,600
846,786
2,840.700
66,846
263.260
141^00
12,092,750
886,980
663.610
COUKTIES.
Ontario
Orange..
Orleans
■•
Putnam
Qneeni
Reuaaelaer...
Richmond
Kockland
St. 1,-iwrence.
Saratoga
Bchenectady.
Schoharie
Schuyler-
>>
*l
^«f
fi:
= *!
11
84
3 J £
$283.7:;<i
112
443>v,
61
228.600
84
2:U,715
117
231,952
80
85.000
73
492.135
114
746,640
L"»
285.100
41
136,300
117
263.485
103
313,975
26
173.710
86
129,830
60
99,125
Counties.
Seneca.
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington.
Wayne
Westchester.,
Wyoming
Yntes
Total
*>.
4S
105
112
46
45
88
100
33
95
so
II-
74
4S
*v cj w
$144,333
161,488
278,260
fio.i
106,700
183.690
409,350
57,250
287,120
272,000
B68,260
1f,;..:ii-,r,
133,650
5,077 31,480,144
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 14V
thereof without note or comment. 1 Auxiliary to the American Bible Society are numerous county
and local societies, through which the greater part of the funds are raised. 2
The American Tract Society was instituted in 1S25, by the several evangelical de-
nominations, for the purpose of disseminating tracts and books upon moral and religious subjects. 3
Several of the religious denominations have tract societies of their own.
The American Hoard of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was formed
in 1809, for the purpose of supporting missions in foreign lands. Its central office is in Boston;
but it has auxiliary societies throughout this State. It is chiefly supported by the Congregational
and New School Presbyterian societies. 4
1 The first society within the State for the gratuitous distribu-
tion of the Scriptures was the N. Y. Bible and Common l'rayer
Book Society, formed in 1809. A large number of co. societies
was formed within the next five years. The present society,
formed in 1816, has gradually increased in wealth and influence,
until its operations have extended to almost every section of
the globe. It has a Bible house in New York, — one of the most
extensive publishing houses in the world. Its books are gra-
tuitously distributed, or sold at cost; and the total number of
volumes issued up to May, 1858, was 12.804,014. These are
produced in great varieties of style and in upward of forty
different languages. The society has also published the Bible in
English with raised characters for the blind.
The Baptist and Protestant Episcopal denominations have
separate societies for publishing the Scriptures, although many
members belonging to both of these co-operate with the Ameri-
can Bible Society.
2 The following table gives the names of these societies, the
date of their organization, and the amount of their donations
and remittances up *o May, 1858: —
Name.
Albany Co
Allegany Co
Amity Female
Ausalile Valley
Brooklyn City
Broome Co
Buffalo City
Caledonia '.
Caledonia Female
Carlton
Cattaraugus Co
Cayuga Co
Chautauqua Co
Chemung Co
Chenango Co
Clinton Co
Cold Spring
Columbia Co
Cortland Co
Delaware Co
Dutchess Co. Female
Dutchess Co
Erie Co
Essex Co
Floyd and Western Welsh
Franklin Co
Fulton & Hamilton Co....
Geneva
Genesee Co
Genoa
Greene Co
Greene
Herkimer Co
Hudson Female
Jasper
Jefferson Co
Lewis Co
Lewis Co. Welsh
Livingston Co
Long Island
Madison Co
Montgomery Co
Monroe Co
Newburgh
New York Female
New York Calvinistic
Welsh
New York Marine
New York
Niagara Co
North Brooklyn
North Seneca.
Nyack Ref. D. Ch. Female
Oneida Co
Onondaga Co
Date.
May, 1816
April, 1825
Sept. 1816
Dec. 1845
Feb. 1849
Fell. 1817
Nov. 1847
.April. 1818
May, 1817
Jan. 1855
Aug. 1829
June, 181"
April, 1820
July, 1S28
Nov. 1826
April, 1821
Aug. 1838
Oct. 1817
Aug. 1S16
July, 1816
Oct. 1817
Oct. 1839
April, 1848
Jan. 1817
April, 1854
June, 1821
Dec. 1816
April, 1846
July. 1818
April, 1825
Sept. 1816
Mar. 1855
May, 1817
Oct. 1816
Aug. 1855
Jan. 1817
April, 1828
May, 1850
May, 1824
Sept. 1817
Oct. 1816
Dec. 1816
Oct. 1821
Sept. 1818
June, 1816
Sept.
Feb.
Mar.
May,
May,
July,
May,
Jan.
April,
1844
1817
1829
1830
1816
1852
1842
1817
1832
Donations.
$19,621.00
1.526.49
329.15
370.04
5,683.76
1,960.01
2.339.91
3.366.72
1,673.97
127.06
3,738.99
1,397.13
2,949.35
5,538.99
718.56
101.01
10,835.30
4,320.90
1,450.75
4,754.87
15,930.45
698.06
909.14
50.30
381.95
21.182.49
1,117.86
3,169.47
972.15
6,477.23
25.00
3,268.27
1,970.50
3,936.37
544.51
341.66
6,542.59
20,786.70
5,701.51
390.00
22,828.47
3.784.74
102,926.12
546.23
42,091.43
2.457.41
1.726.16
582.19
74.80
15,226.06
7,594.00
Remit-
tances for
Bibles.
$16,385.20
3,326.92
130.85
804.05
10,054.75
5,171.46
5,329.05
111.28
232.50
91.53
1,879.62
7,807.61
7,547.60
3,404.26
6,634.34
4,291.26
324.39
6.131.77
5,830.78
5,341.42
3,985.20
5,355.39
4,163.76
4,244.35
81.70
3,385.60
11,237.37
2,280.75
6,950.40
1,072.20
5.746.56
175.00
4,699.15
805.32
87.00
12.274.47
2,997.44
147.65
5,482.53
30.785.72
6,814.87
1,345.11
19,282.30
3,768.00
17,369.47
72.86
6.043.89
264,911.73
5,401.51
1,726.20
'767.73
7.20
20,521.48
12.805.50
Name.
Ontario Co
Orange Co
Orleans Co
Oswego Co
Otsego Co
Peekskill Female
Poughkeepsle Fem. Union
Putnam Co
Bemsen Steuben Welsh
and Vicinity
Rensselaer Co
Rockland Co
Sandy Hill and Fort Ed-
ward
Saratoga Co
Schenectady Co
Schoharie Co
Schuyler Co
Seneca Associate Ref.
South Seneca
South Steuben
Steuben Co
St. Lawrence Co
Sullivan Co
Tioga Co
Tompkins Co
Ulster Co
Utica Welsh and Vic
Warren Co
Washington Co
Watervliet
Wavne County
Welsh B. S. of Nelson
Welsh B. S. of Rome
Welsh B. S. of Holland
Patent
Westchester Co
Wj-oming Co
Yates Co
Dale.
Mar.
1817
June
1816
July,
1830
Mar.
1826
June
1816
Feb.
1817
Sept.
1850
.May,
1S28
Jan.
1817
June
1816
July,
1816
Nov.
1848
J nly,
1816
May,
1823
Jan.
1817
Feb.
1S56
May,
1846
Feb.
1846
June,
1848
Feb.
1817
April
,1820
Aug.
1826
June
1823
May,
1828
Nov.
1816
Jan.
1817
Sept.
1821
Mar.
1817
Jan.
1849
April
1847
Sept.
1856
Mar.
1S55
May,
1855
Aug.
1827
Feb.
1850
Dec.
1827
Donations.
$ 8.40 r O5
24.141 22
3.230.82
2.4ns. 15
3.116.79
713.59
1,080.81
1 'J' i.i ii i
3,893.68
35,452.61
1,985.72
164.64
12,779.61
2,741.56
3,934.40
358.50
319.71
1,735.67
1,267.85
2.085.3*
2.115.40
2,388.90
4.272.81
4.044.04
11,145.91
4.479.71
194.44
19.092.11
3.720.58
3,731.43
12.00
22S.08
1S4.4S
19,614.17
2,310.82
4,372.10
Remit-
Bibles.
$ 4.870.93
6,426.71
4,058.68
7,286.94
7,573.77
166.76
316.16
2,141.06
22.289.21
2,289.64
243.93
7,277.96
4.454.40
3.9S2.19
513.23
16.08
1,077.02
1.264.36
5,201.34
14,193.70
3.156.16
5,373.82
6.249.34
2,191.24
2,450.12
2,300.38
7.4.58.51
2,117.34
4,775.31
53.35
132.73
77.40
6.977.71
4,634.73
3,468.60
3 This society has a large property vested in a publishing
house and grounds, corner of Nassau and Spruce Streets, New
York, and in the stock, machinery, and materials used in the
manufacture of books and tracts. Its fiscal affairs are managed
by a finance committee. It has 31 auxiliaries in the State of
New York. The receipts up to May, 1858, were $5,856,711.05,--
about three-fifths of which were derived from sales, and the re-
mainder from donations. Previous to May, 1858, this society
had circulated 13,098,013 volumes, 188,971,408 publications,
4,753,741,573 pages; including 149.761 volumes (9,831 sets) of
the Evangelical Family Library, 94,026 volumes (2,089 sets) of
the Christian Library, 4S.638 volumes (1,990 sets) of the Reli
gious or Pastor's Library, 319.323 volumes (4.557 sets) of tin
Youth's Library, and 160,921 volumes (20.044 sets) of the Youth's
Scripture Biography. The society publishes an Almanac, the
American Messenger, (in English and German,) and Child's
Paper, in large editions ; and issues books and tracts in the Eng-
lish, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Welsh,
Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and Hungarian languages. It operates
through branch and auxiliary societies, general agents and su-
perintendents, and paid and volunteer colporteurs. The Ameri-
can Tract Society of Boston, which formerly co-operated with
this, is now a distinct organization.
Societies of kindred character were formed in the State pre
vious to this, — the more important of which was the New York
Religious Tract Society, formed in 1812, with auxiliaries in vari-
ous parts of the country.
4 This society has established 27 missions, 121 stations, and
101 out stations in Africa, Greece, Western and Southern Asia,
China, Sandwich Islands, Micronesia, and among the North
American Indian Tribes. It employs 373 missionaries and as-
sistants, and 524 native pastors and assistants, has 8 printing
presses, and up to 1858 had issued 1.0SO,481.0S3 pages of tracts
and relisrious books. These missions numbered 318 churches,
and 27,740 members; and the educational department embraced
10
146
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Tlie American Home Missionary Society was formed May 12, 1826, for the pur-
pose of supporting the ministry in feeble and destitute Presb. and Cong, churches in the U. S. 1
The American Sunday School Union was formed in 1824, for the purpose of en-
couraging the establishment of Sunday schools and of supplying them with books. Its central
office is at Philadelphia. The New York Sunday School Union, auxiliary to this, was established
in 1816, and has numerous local subordinate societies in different parts of the State. 2
The American Seamen's Friend Society was formed in 1828, and endeavors to
carry out the intentions expressed in its title by distributing Bibles and tracts, supporting the
ministry, and otherwise promoting the moral welfare of seamen. 3
The American Bethel Society was instituted in 1836, for the purpose of opening
chapels for boatmen and mariners, distributing tracts, and extending other means for their moral
improvement. It established a magazine named the "Bethel Flag;" and has auxiliaries in many
places on the lakes, rivers, and canals.
The American and Foreign Christian Union was formed in 1849, for the special
object of counteracting the influence of the Romish and other churches opposed to the class usually
denominated " evangelical."*
The Central American Education Society was formed for the purpose of
assisting young men preparing for the ministry. In 1858 the society aided 111 students.
The American Colonization Society was formed at Washington, Jan. 1817, for
the colonization of free colored persons in Africa. The H T ew York State Colonization
Society was formed at Albany, April 9, 1829, and has had numerous auxiliaries in the State. 5
The National Compensating Emancipation Society, formed in 1857, has for
its object the purchasing of slaves for the purpose of giving them freedom.
The American Anti Slavery Society was organized Dec. 4, 1833. 6
The American missionary Association was formed Sept. 1846, as a Home and
Foreign Missionary Society. Business office in N. Y. City. Receipts for first 12 years of its exist-
ence, (421,001.98. Present and monthly income, §3,000 to §5,000. It has a slaves' Bible Fund,
and labors for the extinction of slavery. The association publish The American Missionary (paper)
and American Missionary Magazine, both •monthly.
Young Men's Christian Associations have been formed in most of the cities and
6 seminaries, 17 other boarding schools, 619 free schools, (of
whli b 312 were supported by the Hawaiian Government.) and
17,020 pupils. The receipts in the year ending July 31, 1858,
wi re (334,01848, the principal part of which was derived from
donations.— Forly-Xinth Report A. B. C. F. St., 1858.
1 This society was formed by the union of two societies pre-
ffously formed by the Presbyterian and Reformed Protestant
. Churches, it is supported by the Congregarionalista and
1 Preshyti I lans, anil to some extent by the Reformed
Pi • • Dutch, Lutheran, and German Reformed Churches.
In 1868, 1,012 persons were connected with this society or its
agenri es nnd auxiliaries, "f which 133 are within this State.
Tli- iiitm' • regatkiii- an. 1 Mati'ins fully or statedly sup-
plied Sabbathschi it I ilars, 66,600; contributions to
ipts in 12 months were
•476.071 7; u to the same time were $190,785.70.
166,082; to) J years of labor,
additions to churches, 160,276.
There is a central sod western agency in this Btate, — tho
office of the former of whirl, i< .,t Dtlca and of the latter at
i. The niinilnr of missionaries aided within the year was
188. Total i- mtrlbul
a Tliio moTsmenl was supported by moat of the evangelical
dsoomin kttoni : i ul sen ral oi them bare since • itablished sun-
day school organisations among themselves. The American
had. in 1- 2,600,000 in
1 more In organising Sunday schools. Its
r the last 1 il had formed
L624 new schools, with 67,787 pupil 4 teachers. lbs
New V rk Sunday 8ch 1 Union had, In 1868,210 schools, re-
iki in libraries,
in 1 1 Iributions. Sunday schools in some form
an- luppoi ' linaUou, and ar<>
By for BIW I Teachers'
innuaUy. Its third report,
madeOct. 1868, gave a total In tl Statool ■■1-. 22,263
hers, and 212312 pu|
•This society has 16 - 1 • t i- >n« In various parts of the world,
and grants aid to various Bethel operations not connected with
it. The receipts for lbs year ending inls;,s were |
snd the total expenses in the seamen's cause ai-mt tl 1 - 1
2.2.'" mariners had been I - II ime In New
York, an 1 the whole Bomber received into that institution fr m
its establishment Wai -
* The association has 61 home laborers; and its receipts in the
year ending in 1858 were $76,603.22. Its expenses in the same
time were $79,604.33. It has agents, and supports chapels in
several foreign countries.
6 The slave trade was abolished in ISO", and after Jan. 1,
1808, the cargoes of captured slaves were to be sold for the bene-
fit of the State where they might land. 15y an act of March
3, 1819, the General Government appropriated $100,000 for the
restoration of a largo number of Africans to their native coun-
try. By the co-operation of the Government with this Society
a purchase was made in Dee. 1^21. in the neighborhood of Capo
Mniitscrado, on the w. coast of Africa, from which has grown
the present Republic of Liberia, under the special patronage of
this society. Formal possession was taken April 2S, 1S22.
Several of the subordinate State societies have been merged
In anti-slavery and other more radical societies for the termi-
nation of Blavery. in the year ending in 1858 the receipts of
the New V.nk Colonization society were $15,624.62.
o The expenses of the society for tho year ending in 1858 were
£17,052, Including those of the Anti slavery Standard, its prin-
clpal organ. Receipts. $15,200 from tho paper and donations,
and (17,356 bj .in ciliai li -.
A N.w York State Atiti Slavery Society, with numerous aux-
iliaries, was formed about 1834-36, and its friends soon organ-
themselves into a political party. The highest State vote
of this partv was in 1844, when it amounted, on the Governor's
ticket, to 16,136. Blavery existed under the Dutch, and was
continued through the i;n •■li-h period of our colonial history.
An act was passed Man b 81, 1o17. declaring that every child
born of a slave in this State after July 4, 17119. should be Ire- at
the age nf 2S if a male, or at 25 if a female. Every child horn
aft-r tie- passage ,,f the act was to become free at the age of 21,
and measures were ordered for the education of children held
in service. The Importation of slaves was prohibited. The first
emancipation under this law, therefore, took effect July 5, i s _7,
as the law fixed the period as after instead of Upon the 4th of
Jolv. as was perhaps Intended. The 5th of July has sometimes
been celebrated as their anniversary of independence; and hence
SJ ISOS the Slang expression of " Fourth of July one day arte,)-."
I : I. i n In fin- tl,,. ah .ve date remained slaves till their death,
nnd the census of 1855 reported one such as living in the Slate.
The number of slaves in New York at different periods has
been as follows: —
....21...21 I 1S10 15.017 I 1820 10,046 11840 4
1800 20,013 I 1814 11,480 | 1830 75 | 1850 —
RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 117
large villages in the United States and British Provinces. They form a general confederation,
the State of New York forming the fourth district. These associations embrace within (heir
objects a library, reading room, lectures and prayer meetings. 1
The Young' Men's Christian Union of New York is supported by the Unitarian and
Universalist denominations principally.
Young Men's Associations for mutual improvement have been formed in various pints
of the State and under various names. The plan of organization is essentially alike; and it
usually includes a library, reading room, cabinet, lecture course, and debating club. Most of
these associations have been organized by special acts, and their affairs are managed by executive
committees chosen annually by the members. They can hold a limited amount of property for
the special objects of their organization. 2
In most of the large villages, associations have been formed for the support of lectures at stated
intervals in the winter months. They are generally of a temporary character, are re-organized
every season or are attached to academies or other existing institutions.
The I¥ew York State Temperance Society was formed April 2, 1829. Its objects
were to suppress intemperance and limit the traffic in intoxicating liquors. It received the support
of a large number of the best and most philanthropic citizens, and its influence spread rapidly
throughout the State. 3 Since the formation of the first society, efforts to suppress intemperance
have been made upon an extended scale, and the strong arm of the law has been invoked to pro-
hibit the traffic in alcoholic liquors.
Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. " The Ancient and Honorable Fra-
ternity of Free and Accepted Masons" of the State of New York is under the government of a
Grand Lodge, composed of its Grand Officers and the representatives (the Master and Wardens)
of every lodge in the jurisdiction. As at present constituted, the Grand Lodge dates from 1785,
when Chancellor Robert R. Livingston was elected Grand Master, and continued in office till 1801. *
In 1859 there are 430 chartered lodges in the State, (numbered to 474,) with about 33,000 mem-
bers, numbering among them a very respectable class in all the walks of life. There is at least
one lodge in every county in the State, (except Hamilton ;) 93*of the lodges are in the city of New
York ; and a lodge is located in every considerable town and village. The annual receipts of the
1 Tn July, 1858, associations of this kind were in active ope-
ration in Albany, Albion, Black Rock, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Cats-
kill. Flushing;, Hudson, Jamestown, New York, Oswego, Pough-
keepsie, Rondout, Saratoga Springs. Stapleton, Troy, TJtica, and
Waterford. Those in italics belonged to the confederation.
2 The first organization of this kind in the State was the Al-
bany Young Men's Association, formed Dec. 1.3, 1833, and in-
corp. March 12, 1835. The following is a list of these associa-
tions in the State formed under special acts: —
Name and Location.
Albany, Albany co..
Buffalo, Erie co
" " (German)
F.lmira, Chemung co....
Fulton, Oswego co
Geneva, Ontario co
Tort Byron, Cayuga co.
Backets Harbor, Jeffer-
son co
Saratoga Springs, Sara-
toga co
Franklin Institute,")
Syracuse, Ononda- V
giira )
Schenectady, Schenec-
tady co
Troy, Rensselaer co
Utica, Oneida co
Watertown. Jefferson co.
Date of
incorporation.
March 12. 1835
March 3, 1843
May 12, 1846
April 11,1842
May 13, 1846
April 17, 1839
April 10,1844
March 2,1843
May 14, 1840
Dec. 1849
March 9, 1839
April 10, 1835
March 25, 1837
April 17, 1841
Remarks.
Fully organized. Li-
brary 7,000 vols.
Library in 1855, 7,500
vols.
Library in 1855, 1,800
vols.
Closed.
f Library in 1859,
\ about 3,000 vols.
Fully organized.
Closed.
Burned out in 1849.
3 The fourth report of the State Society, in 1S38, gave 1,538
societies and 231,074 members. Its principal organ, the Temper-
ance Recorder, was begun March 6, 1832, at Albany, and issued
many years. It also published almanacs, tracts, and circulars
to a large extent. The American Society for the Promotion of
Temperance, formed in 1827, was in 1836 succeeded by the
'• American Temperance Union." The latter, in the year ending
in 1858. received $1,987.20. Its principal organ is the Journal
of the American Temperance Union, at New York. Both this
and the State Society are still in operation. About 1841-45 the
" Washingtonian" temperance movement, originating among
reformed inebriates, spread over the State, and several thousand
independent societies were formed under it, — most of which, how-
ever, died out with the enthusiasm under which they were
created. The secret orders of " Rechabites" and " Sons of
Temperance" originated in New York, about 1S42, and subse-
quently those of ''Cadets of Temperance," "Daughters of Tem-
perance," "Good Samaritans," "Daughters of Samaria,"
'• Knights Templar," "Social Circles," and other associations of
a similar class were formed for the avowed purpose of pro-
moting temperance reform. Numerous lodges or encampments
were formed, and these societies at one time embraced largo
numbers of members. Several of them have been given up en-
tirely ; and it is believed none of them are increasing. They
required a form of initiation and pledge of secrecy, had fixed
dues payable at regular intervals, provided money to assist the
sick and bury the dead, and gave certificates of membership,
which, with passwords and other tokens of recognition, might
enable a person to claim assistance among strangers belonging
to the order.
The License question was submitted to the popular vote May
5, 1846, with the result of 111.884 for, and 177,683 against, license.
The operation of the law was deemed by many to be unequal ;
and its effect upon the temperance cause was unquestionably
adverse. In 1847 the majorities for license were large in most
of the towns. The " Maine Law," or prohibition movement,
began in 1851, and was urged by its friends with great force
during several sessions of the Legislature. A prohibitory law
Was passed, but was declared unconstitutional by the Court of
Appeals. The present law regulating the sale of intoxicating
liquors, passed April 16, 1857, provides a Board of Excise Com-
missioners in each county for granting licenses and prosecuting
violations of the law.
* At the close of his term there were 94 lodges in the State,
of which tho oldest was St. John's, No. 1. (yet in active exist-
ence.) established in the city of New York in 1757. Gen. Jacob
Morton was Grand Master from 1801 to 1806, De Witt Clinton
from 1S06 to 1820, and Daniel D. Tompkins from 1S20 to 1822,
when the Grand Lodge became divided. In 1826, at the com-
mencement of the Anti-Masonic excitement, (see Genesee co.,)
there were about 360 lodges in the State, (numbered to 507,)
with about 22,000 members. In 1836 the number of lodges had
been reduced below 75, with a corresponding membership, — say
4,000.
148
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Grand Lodge are about $16,000 ; and during the year ending in June, 1859, the amount expended
for charitable relief by the Grand Lodge and its immediate agents -was about $3,000 ; and probably
three times more than that sum 'was expended for the same purposes by lodges and individual
Masons. There is in the Hall and Asylum Fund, raised for charitable and educational purposes,
about §25,000, controlled by trustees chosen by the Grand Lodge, (it not being incorporated;) and
this sum is constantly being increased from various sources, — a portion of it arising from the
stated revenues of the Grand Lodge. The fraternity are now all united in one body, under the
jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge and its subordinates, and are in a sound and flourishing condition.
The office of the Grand Secretary and place of business of the fraternity is in Odd Fellows Hall,
corner of Grand and Center Sts., New York. The Grand Lodge is in correspondence and direct
communication with all the Grand Lodges and Masonic fraternity throughout the world. 1
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. This order was introduced into the United
States from Manchester, England ; and the first regular lodge was opened at Baltimore, in 1819.
The Grand Lodge of the U. S. includes 42 subordinate Grand Lodges in the States and Territories,
Canada, and the Sandwich Islands. There are 2 Grand Lodges and 623 subordinate lodges in
this State. 2
Sons Of Malta. This order embraced in this State, on the 1st of July, 1859, the Grand
Lodge of the State and 8 subordinate lodges, with an aggregate membership of 12,680.
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
The formation of County Medical Societies was authorized by an act passed April 4, 1806.
They were empowered to grant licenses to practice medicine in the State and to collect of the
members a sum not exceeding S3 annually. Delegates sent from each co. society, in number
equal to the representation of the co. in Assembly, were to constitute a State Medical Society,
which had the power of granting diplomas to practice medicine and to decide upon cases appealed
from the co. societies. Although local societies were formed under this act in most of the counties
then existing, several of them have ceased to exist ; and there are at present but about 40 county
societies that are represented by delegates. The State Society was formed Feb. 5, 1807, and is
1 The stated festivals of the fraternity are on the 24th of June
and 27th of December, usually styled St. John's days. The offi-
cers of the Grand Lodge and of the subordinates are elected
annually ; and the time and place for the " Annual Communica-
tion" of the Grand Lodge id on the first Tuesday of June, in
the city of New York.
The elective Grand Officers of the Fraternity are Grand Master,
Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, Junior Grand
Warden, Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and 5 Grand Chap,
lains.
2 Statistics of tJie Odd Fellows for the year ending Jan. 30, 1858.
Lodges, or Subordinate
encampment*
Number of initln'
" " r<jr<:tiona....
"
" " memberi —
" " re-
lieved
widows and fami-
lies relieved
Amount paid for taU t I i
member?
Amount pni'l f r r
•rkknrad families.
Amount paid for educa-
tion of orphans
Amount paid for burying
the dead
Amount of annual re-
ceipt*
L0DOE8.
*1
5 3
16J64S
1.71.:
1,789
176,71 I
2-1151
$2*4.992.91
66.'
11.2S4.06
67,364.70
LSSMBoJOa
Grand Liyljc
Northern
\ i:-rA\
■1
5 jS
493
. > 1
61
89
11.:-.-.
130
148
27
118
8,475
716
1,346
113
393
$11,263.80
$29,663.62
... 185.18
6,645.17
207.29
888.ee
2,260.00
5,091.17
44.756.78
69,981.18
623
1,138
78
200
20,258
2,060
506
$40,927.42
9,730.35
595.98
7,341.1
1 14,737 .9ti
Encampments.
■8 E-3
~ K -2
111
651
2,755
79
220
22,319
902
93
$28,171.10
3,111.60
10.00
5.377.24
110,156.54
In
71
56
2
8
979
22
$211.00
10.00
40.84
2.019.92
3" .
• £ ££
Bj(
13
60
4
487
32
1
$363.00
3.00
90.00
2,426.75
II
84
116
2
12
1,466
54
1
$574.00
3,00
10.00
90.84
4,446.67
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
149
now composed of delegates from co. societies, 1 delegate from each medical college, 5 from the
New York Academy of Medicine, honorary members by virtue of office or by election, and per-
manent members elected after 4 years' service as delegates. The annual meetings of the society
are held on the first Tuesday of February. The State Society has maintained a regular organization
from the beginning; and since 1848 its proceedings have been reported annually to the Legisla-
ture and published with their documents. 1
Homeopathic Medical Societies may be organized in the several counties under an act of April
13, 1857 ; and such have been formed in Kings, Livingston, New York, Oneida, and perhaps other
counties. 2
County Medical Societies.
Countt.
Albany
Allegany
Broome ,
Cattaraugus
Cayuga
Chautauqua
Chemung ,
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton and Hamilton
Genesee
Greene
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston
Madison ,
Monroe
Montgomery
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence
Saratoga
Schenectady
Schoharie
Schuyler
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Watren
Washington
Wayne
Westchester
Wyoming
Yates
Date of
Organization.
July 29, 1806
Nov. 6, 1823
Aug.
1836
5, 1806
June, 1806
Aug. 10, 1808
1806
1806
1815
Oct.
1809
Aug. 5, 1806
Dec. 17, 1806
March 2, 1822
May
July
May
July
July
July
July
July
July
29, 1821
27, 1806
9, 1S21
3, 1806
1, 1806
1806
1, 1806
1, 1806
17, 1821
1, 1S06
July 18, 1806
May
Oct.
18, 1S50
14, 1807
Oct. 1857
Dec. 29, 1857
July 22, 1806
July 1, 1806
May 8, 1797
March 4,1823
First President.
Wm. McClelland.
Chester Lusk
Lemuel Hudson
Tracy Robinson..
Wm. Wilson
Lewis S. Owen ,
Joshua H. Brett
Samuel Bard
Josiah Trowbridge..
Records lost.
Westel Willoughby, jr
John Durkee
Cornelius Low
Records burned
Charles Little
Israel Farrell
Alexander Kelsey ,
Alexander Sheldon....
Nicholas Romayne
Amos G.Hull
John H. Frisbie
Jonathan Sweezey
Benjamin Coe
Joseph White
Benjamin Woodward.
John Demarest
Joseph W. Smith
S. B.Wells
Nelson Winton
David Conkliu
First Secretary.
Charles D. Townsend.
Ammi Doubleday
Asa R. Howell.
Geo. Mowrey ...
Wm. Bav
Geo. W. Bradford..
Adam J. Doll
Van Kleek
Andrew Proudfit
Archibald Macdonald...
Joshua Lee
Andrew Farrell
Hugh Henderson
Andrew Vanderze
Organization abandoned.
Cyrus Wells
Elijah Pratt
Frederick F. Backus
Stephen Reynolds
Edward Miller
David Hasbrouck
Walter Colton
Nathaniel Elmer
Luther Cowen
Caleb Richardson
Ira M.Wells
Charles Whipple
W.Noble
C. C. Van Dyck
Thomas Shannon
D Moses Blachely
Wm. Livingston
Watson Smith...
John Hatmaker,
First No.
Members.
9
7
17
11
8
20
10
9
13
9
9
20
20
8
106
29
11
22
7
14
20
11
5
10
7
23
12
Present
No. of
Members.
45
20
15
40
27
22
40
35
95
65
32
46
94
20
450
90
62
50
36
37
11
14
7
2S
41
25
1 The first act regulating the practice of physic and surgery
in New York was passed June 10, 1760. It was amended in
1792 and 1797, and under the latter the judges of State courts
and courts of Common Pleas and Masters in Chancery were,
upon proof of two years' study of medicine, authorized to license
persons to practice as physicians. By the act of 1806, medical
societies might be formed in each co. by securing five or more
members; and where there were less than five physicians in a
co. they might unite with the society of a neighboring co»
The restrictions upon practice without a diploma were finally
abolished in 1844 ; and the law now makes no distinction between
the different classes of practitioners. Those assuming to act as
physicians become responsible for their practice, and, if not
licensed by a county or the State Society or regularly graduated
at a medical school, can collect pay according to the time em-
ployed, but they cannot collect the specific fees, implying pro-
fessional skill, which are recognized by the established usages
of the profession.
2 The number of homeopathic practitioners in the State is
about 600. of whom 150 are in New York and Brooklyn. The
Central, Bond St.. and Northern Homeopathic Dispensaries in
New York, the Homeopathic Dispensary of Brooklyn, the
Hahnemann Academy of Medicine of New York, and the Homeo-
pathic Medical Society of Northern N. Y.. are sustained by this
class of physicians, and the North American Homeopathic
Journal, (quarterly.) the Homeopathic Review, (mo,) and the
Homeopathic, (semi-mo..) all published at New York, are de-
voted to their interests.
150
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Population, Classified by Color, Political Relation, Nativity, &c., according to the State
Census of 1855.
Consnxs.
'a
§■
Albany
Allegany
Broome
Cattaraugus
Cayuga
Chautauque.,
Chemung
Chenango
Clintoo
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee.
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer ....
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston...
Madison.
Montgomery.
Hew Vork....
Niagara
Oneida.
Onondaga ....
Ontario
< Grange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
un
Qneens
Rensselaer ...
Richmond....
Roi kl.ind
?t. Lawrence
-
••rtady.
Schoharie
Bchnykc
Beneca.
Btanben
Suffolk
Sullivan
TioRa.
Tiimpkin"
(Rater
•i
log ....
Tate*
Total
103.681
42.910
36.650
39.530
63.571
63,580
27,288
89,916
42.4v>
44.341
24,676
89,749
60.635
13-2.331
23.284
31.532
31.137
2.543
: ijt
65.420
216.355
26,229
37.943
43,687
96.324
80,808
629.810
48.282
1"7.749
86.575
42.672
60,868
28.435
69,398
49,735
13.934
46.266
79,234
21.3VP
19.511
74.^77
1 :-■
33,519
18,777
25,358
41,066
26,962
81,616
67,936
:.!•■.. 1
Color.
102.842
42,729
86,135
39.401
53.171
53.271
26,825
39.701
42,351
43,137
24.547
39.555
58,806
131.473
28,403
25.460
23,124
30,948
30,325
2.539
38,394
65.223
211,875
25,186
87,734
43.362
95.835
30.407
618.064
47.SSU
107.134
S"-..i >73
42,088
58.720
28,325
69,030
49.518
13,805
43.216
78.340
20,799
19.11] i
74,875
48,737
19,261
18,7( i
26,190
62,567
39.018
! : .
81,267
66.510
4;. iv.
4>-..:.i.->
:■ "
19,716
II
s:...
181
615
129
390
109
463
214
131
1.J..4
28
194
1,829
858
136
17
160
86
812
4
172
197
4,480
43
209
325
4S9
401
11,S40
402
615
502
584
2,148
110
368
217
129
3.050
'894
590
497
102
642
311
456
76
1. -
408
L888
110
280
249
!.;:■
246
1,928
29
I
Political
Relations.
Nativities.
18,616
9.884
vjv
V37
11,526
11.912
5,859
9.700
6,374
9.412
5.902
9,065
12.498
21,743
5.652
4,462
5,066
6,477
6,952
599
8,578
14,200
32.627
5,284
8,136
9,974
17,272
r..;.Mi
s-.v:
8,257
20.946
16,933
9,147
11,301
5.704
14,609
12,177
3,037
8,187
14,933
3,795
3.580
13,984
10,377
3.790
7,376
4,377
5,395
14.151
7,939
6,727
6,181
7,456
18,197
l. IV,
l'.j.i.-,
1 1,246
7,064
1,474
20,282
2,032
2.ii.".i',
2,645
4,863
4,795
1.191
'977
8.404
3.800
'704
1,532
6,861
37,274
2.994
3,739
1,559
4,107
1,522
16S
3,955
5.377
65,536
2,751
4.329
3^32
22,837
2,688
232,678
10,327
18^72
73,549
4,757
7,955
3,813
7,372
1.640
1,215
8,618
14921
5,078
3.457
9,915
5,748
2,943
874
587
2,153
3.605
3,083
3,606
■.•:••
1,160
9,487
1,643
4,822
4,767
16,741
!
'.'12
64.705
32,826
27.874
28,918
40,720
37,965
19,983
32,402
25,222
36,500
19,989
33.575
48^073
66,945
19.057
14583
19,632
20,339
27,338
1,998
30,283
50.103
94,122
17.5*3
26,141
34,060
53.939
25^62
262,156
27,753
68,302
57,589
30,666
45,339
19,841
50,731
42,205
11,62S
33.092
51,667
14,094
13,512
47,991
87,423
14.596
31,195
15,379
19,253
48.737
34.983
21,508
•Jn.TM,
26,687
63.136
1 1,682
82,297
86,077
62,036
22 t 18
I6.HS2
-j:j,:;.1
IS
Is
fi
70.407
39,150
32,921
34.629
46,033
46,444
24,075
37,728
29.279
39,141
23,139
36,072
50.724
77,620
23,799
19,258
20,811
24,920
28,755
2,225
32,607
56,471
115.245
19.669
31,1S5
39,336
63,048
26,714
303,721
33.205
76,868
65,126
35,639
49,718
23.363
66,895
46.674
12,228
34,800
57.447
15;441
15,030
59,667
41.305
15,217
3-2.117
17.648
22,498
86,807
28,186
25,028
29,638
64,786
17.122
87,482
39,380
57,401
1-..;:
2,528,444
33,247
3,153
3,225
4.066
6,s.-,4
6.797
2,S76
1,747
13.021
5,107
1,380
3,564
9.707
54.257
4,684
6.622
2,448
6,427
2,261
310
5,S03
8,630
100,206
5.470
6,549
4,351
33,276
3,880
322.469
14,717
30.354
20,949
6,803
10.761
4.966
12,024
2.770
1,694
11,135
21,445
5,8S2
4,436
15,016
7,927
4,303
1,294
966
2.71.3
2.196
4.211
6,128
1,597
1,849
18,162
2,479
6,791
7,108
23,182
6,060
1,408
917,708
o
1-3
S P
a
«.
"e
u
•Si
is
>a
■**
s
•2
-■3
3
«1
s
3
IM S
"S>
O
3.231
18
25
46
46
536
IS
11
20
46
611
18
5
32
35
496
21
16
31
26
890
17
14
39
45
749
14
11
21
3S
675
8
5
11
11
273
17
19
34
46
4,449
20
18
18
28
1,069
20
11
34
28
245
i
13
25
34
2S3
18
6
29
25
1,567
19
15
43
17
2.315
35
32
66
43
1,154
7
10
15
21
1,323
15
15
17
20
531
12
10
20
20
436
16
9
30
35
516
11
8
27
27
53
—
—
1
4
608
21
26
37
36
991
41
28
62
66
8.924
45
44
16
27
722
8
7
21
36
376
13
9
14
13
848
27
18
43
41
2,105
27
30
56
30
625
26
14
14
21
25,858
411
316
655
52
976
11
14
25
24
3,062
48
42
517
56
2,150
24
28
22
40
570
21
10
26
32
1,241
18
14
42
36
736
13
4
10
11
1,778
33
24
41
62
569
24
18
54
60
425
5
2
5
13
1,588
21
9
46
8
3,0S0
19
13
42
32
245
3
12
12
2
980
7
2
7
16
2.272
26
23
39
51
1,271
18
13
35
43
269
7
8
8
16
601
9
9
7
19
219
4
4
10
24
365
5
8
19
is
870
21
7
28
29
681
12
6
26
13
655
8
7
11
20
436
11
13
16
13
271
6
5
28
43
2.997
26
21
23
28
348
9
1
10
12
1,030
22
12
44
44
c,.-,s
21
15
22
36
3,130
14
20
56
41
266
17
11
21
30
281
9
16
18
23
96.4*9
1,422
1,136
2,742;
1,812
Percentages of (lie Several Classes to the Total Population.
White malf* 49.23
f.-mali-*
Colored males - 041
females
Total males
•• females: 50.18
Pimilo 60.08
Harried
Widowed 1 "2
"VVi I rwi 2.75
Native roian ML90
Naturalized voters 3.91
Aliens 18.54
i hraen of land 10.41
i iv. r 21 y<-ars who cannot read and
write 2.78
Ages nnder 6, malm 6.85
" females. 6.74
Aged 5 and under 10, mal»s 5.73
females 5.04
Aged 10 and under 15, males _ 5.46
" females 6.35
Aged 15 and under 20, males 4.91
« " females 5.45
Aged 20 and under 30, males 9.43
" " females 10.44
Aged 30 and under 40, males 7.28
" " females 6.78
Aged 40 and under 50, males 4.79
" " females 4.39
Aged 50 and under 60, males 2.91
" " females 2.76
Aged GO and under 70, mules 1.55
" " femnlos 1.56
Aged over 70, males 0.84
" females 0.85
POPULATION. 151
Summary of Population at different periods in the several Counties, as now organized.
Counties. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1814. 1820. 1825. 1830. 1835. 1840. 1845. 1850. 1856.
Albany
Allegany
Br ra
Cattaraugus..
Cayuga
Chautauqua..
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greeno
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jeflerson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston. ...
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery.,
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego,
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence
Saratoga
Schenectady.,
Schoharie
Schuyler
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington...
Wayne
Westchester...
Wyoming
Yates
Total 340,120
1,702
8,932
16,014
22,428
3,835
6,001
17.077
5,698
2,073
16,440
1,703
16,297
1,080
20,497
24,003
13,717
25,155
45
2,730
10,817
2,981
1.84S
6.500
1,036
3,916
27,732
35,::22
982
2.745
10,228
36,334
37,909
578
4.157
443
6,931
7,028
12,584
2,827
16,332
262
4,495
5.740
1,362
2.448
8,036
1,192
18,261
13,015
33,131
60,489
1,891
20,839
6.434
1,075
8,466
22,809
2o,3o,x
34S
21,636
9,836
16.893
30,442
4.563
6,353
454
24,483
8,888
9,808
266
4,057
1,788
19,464
3,222
2,034
927
21,633
4,825
30,982
1,410
27,347
1,702
588,603
34,661
1,443
6,481
458
29,843
2.381
2,852
21.714
8.802
32.390
8,879
20.303
41,190
4.007
9,477
2.719
15.04S
3,060
19,536
465
24.742
15,140
8,303
6,433
10,526
25.141
4,683
23,007
96,373
1,465
30,634
25,495
22.088
34,347
1,164
3,889
38,802
10,293
19.330
36,309
5,347
7,758
7,885
33,147
10.205
18.945
3,609
11,306
6,036
21.113
6,108
5,860
5,153
26,576
7,565
36,724
6,575
30,272
2,736
4,867
33.885
2.207
7.423
537
33,009
4.2.7.1
8,115
24,221
7,764
33.979
10.803
21,290
43,707
6,201
9,949
2,568
14,491
9.435
20,210
550
23.725
18,564
7,665
6,848
13,181
26.276
11.178
22,705
95,519
1.276
45.627
30,020
22,812
34,908
1,524
5.382
41,58'
9,353
19,269
36,833
5,502
7,817
8,252
31,139
11.203
19,323
5,552
13,935
8,983
21,308
6.233
5,188
9,816
26,428
7,838
36,359
11.220
26.367
5,411
5,434
38,116
6.520
11,100
4,090
38,897
12,508
4,272
31,215
12,070
38.330
16,507
26.587
40.015
10.834
13,811
4,439
15.723
18,578
22,990
1.251
31,017
32,952
11.187
9,227
21,006
32,208
27,288
21.846
123,706
7.322
50,997
41,407
35,292
41.213
5,349
12,364
44,850
11.208
21.519
40.153
6.135
8,837
16,037
36,052
13,081
23.154
10.411
17,773
18,068
24.2
8.900
7,966
22,167
30.934
9.453
38,831
20,309
32,038
16.149
18,025
42,821
13.184
13,898
6.043
42,713
20.0,39
8,011
34.215
14,480
37.970
20.271
29,506
40.098
24.310
15,993
7.978
17,006
20.708
26.229
1,296
33,040
41.650
14,679
11,669
26,731
35,646
39.10S
22,600
166,086
14,069
57,847
48.435
37,422
41.732
14.460
17.S75
47,898
11.866
20,331
44,065
5,932
8,016
27,595
36,295
12,876
25,926
13.773
20,169
20,282
23,695
10,373
9,988
27.951
32.015
10,906
39.280
26,761
33.131
22,307
15,313
53,520
20,288
17.579
16,724
47,948
34.071
11,502
37,238
19,344
39,907
23.791
33,024
50,920
35,719
10.2-7
11,312
20,451
26,008
20.525
1,325
35.870
48.493
20,535
15,23,9
27,729
39,038
■10.8.-,:,
23.204
197,112
18,482
71,326
58.973
40.2S8
45,306
17,732
27,119
51,372
12.628
22,460
49.424
7,082
9,388
36,354
38,679
12,347
27,902
13.754
21,044
28.012
26,780
12,364
13,425
31,333
36,550
11,796
42,635
33.643
30,456
29,047
19,009
59.762
27,295
2O.190
24,986
49.202
44,869
14.439
40,702
20.742
40,740
24.168
31.102
50,704
57,594
20,099
12.5ol
21,597
29,145
30.173
1,054
36,201
53,088
32,057
16,093
35.6S3
41.741
5B.085
25.108
268,089
26.490
77.518
60.908
40,870
45,096
22.803
38,245
50,428
11.550
25,130
55,515
7,691
9,696
42,047
38,012
16,230
28,508
15,163
22,627
34.961
28.274
13,755
16.534
32.345
39,960
12,034
39,326
37.7S8
38,789
32,771
19,796
961,888 1,035,910 1,372,812 1,614,458 1.913,131 j 2,174,517 2,428.921 2,604,495 \ 3,097.394 3,466,212
OS 503,
77,208
30.254
81,402
22,338
25,808
28.872
30.10,0
50.3,38
49.o,r,3
47.971;
40,51s
15,483
17.7 12
40.785
39.000
28,157
31,278
43,252
41.070
24.607
25.081
;;,, 396
36,990
52.398
55,124
02.405
78.035
23,634
25,102
16,518
18.002
18,049
is. 570
28.705
28,845
30,446
31,957
1,907
1,882
37.477
37.424
60,984
64,999
47,613
78.691
17,830
20.218
42.498
3S.389
40,008
40.987
64,902
70. 800
35,818
24.643
312.710
371.223
31.132
34.551
85,310
84,776
67,911
70.175
43.501
42.592
50.739
52,227
25.127
25.845
43,619
48.441
49.028
50,509
12.S25
13,258
30,324
31,849
00.250
0,2.3,3s
10.90,5
13,073
11.975
13,741
56.706
62.354
40,553
41.477
17.387
16.630
32,358
32,488
16,388
17.327
24.874
24.972
40,651
40,203
32.409
34,579
15,029
18.727
20.527
22,450
32.296
32,204
45.822
48.907
13,422
14.908
41,080
40.554
42,057
42,515
48,086
47.394
34,245
30,691
20,444
20,777
03.270
37.808
30.660
38.95D
55,458
50,493
21.737
40,311
40.047
43 073
25.140
39 831
68,992
100.003,
3,1.148
25.1 OJ
20.171
28,4 -
33.120
2.188
38.244
68,153
138,882
24,564
40.875
43.072
87,650
31,992
515.547
42.276
90.500,
85.800
43,929
57,145
28,501
62,198
48,638
14,138
36,833
73,363
15,061
16,962
68,617
45.040
20,054
33,548
18.519
25,441
58,388
36,922
25.088
24,880
32,094
59,384
17,199
44,750
44.953
5S.203
31,981
20,590
103,681
12.0.0
86,1 50
30.5311
53,571
63,380
27.2-8
39.915
42,482
44,341
21575
39.749
0,0.0,35
132 331
28,589
25.807
23 284
: 1,532
31.137
2.543
38.566
0,5.420
216,855
25.229
37.943
43,687
'.',,324
30,808
629,810
48,282
107.749
80,575
42.672
60.868
28.435
69,398
49,735
13.934
46,266
79.234
21,389
19,511
74.977
49,379
10.572
33.519
ls.777
25,358
59,099
41.006
29.487
26,962]
31,516
67,936
19,669
44.405
46,760
80,678
32,148
19,812
Abstract from the Census of the Indians residing on Reservations in 1855.
Reservations.
Wliere located.
&3
,u
*3
5
378
604
73
176
207
71
312
166
i
£
138
228
21
57
87
32
106
66
735
BO
*©
i
5
6
2
1
2
1
2
2
21
to
S"-"
g^
61
242
200
52
73
132
54
153
91
997
i 1 !
~ 2
100
200
80
50
34
464
s
§
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
e
e
*«*
"&
117
56
31
38
40
63
350
VI
5 5-s
1,714
3.032i
354$
2,063i
1,425*
2,515
3,092
1
■a
s
a
s »
Osj
3
1
S
J
Cattaraugus «*..
Cattaraugus co
376
575
88
173
200
89
290
150
389
729
43
141
161
16
261
349
203
389
20
49
95
14
144
180
96
197
18
42
108
6
97
109
673
9
91
"44
"92
236
526
1,054
36
142
142
32
409
464
Cattaraugus, Erie, & Chau-
Onondaga co
St. Regis"
Total"*
Suffolk co
Genesee, Erie, and Niagara
1,947
1.987
13.S67J
2,089
1,094
2,805
The total number reported was. from neglect of the mar-
Aal, too small. In May, 1855, 1,388 were returned as entitled
to share in annuities.
6 The returns of civil condition are too indefinite to be re-
lied on.
• The larger part of this village is in Canada.
<* In the returns of the last State census 235 Indians (102 males
and 133 females) not residing on reservations were enumerated
and reported with the population of the towns in which they
live. These, added to the numbers in the above table, make
2.049 males and 2,120 females, or a total of 4,169 Indians re-
siding in the State in 1S55.
152
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Persons engaged in the various Professions, Trades, and Occupations
COUXTLES.
Albany
Allegany ,
Broome.. ,
Cattaraugus..
Cayuga
Chautauqua..
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Qenesee
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Living-ton. ...
Hadison
2 imcry.
New York
ra.
Oneida
Onondaga......
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer. ...
Richmond
Rockland
8t Lawrence.
f : .-ir:it"ga
Schenectady..
Bchoharie
Schnyler
i
Steuben
3uff..|k
Sullivan
I
Tompk
Ulster
\* irr-n
w
Ilk'
'
5G1
242
196
160
2S9
290
156
206
IV,
221
135
183
292
764
159
109
111
195
132
10
240
356
735
84
224
243
618
165
2,611
230
570
451
268
340
153
303
332
92
189
404
80
133
319
208
132
I'M
113
126
149
1- I
13g
172
79
237
102
117
«
1
S3
M'9
218
177
163
335
o.,S
126
200
182
252
159
I-::
351
1,050
105
97
117
150
153
3
249
379
1.816
102
236
259
878
168
6.745
'235
726
560
243
299
157
338
2S1
133
2S5
555
86
178
32.1
Ivi
149
161
89
1&3
264
231
L27
1 16
160
270
68
2 •
I
11
121
214
59
33
44
107
115
44
52
30
49
27
38
147
227
19
26
24
37
43
1
41
95
466
29
76
73
Is:;
27
2,606
50
221
107
48
69
23
97
66
9
37
112
34
20
62
39
37
39
16
26
66
27
24
25
63
31
16
4.'.
65
182
45
33
S
"I
e
1,202
465
422
326
647
691
413
:;:,:;
206
490
272
377
703
2,023
223
212
297
382
234
14
404
763
2.!':;:,
218
427
4S4
1,381
352
7.204
441
1.4-7
1,132
410
667
269
768
580
230
679
947
386
26'.l
700
508
212
379
218
289
632
602
305
318
387
r,!ts
I'S
a:.:,
51 i
i. •
824
■JlJ
K..'.i* 2i><>4 •;......, t- 1.7:11
l!
1,148
Hi7
137
79
23S
202
140
62
127
204
77
64
209
1,085
72
60
61
98
82
2
156
213
4,708
54
145
136
668
103
13,897
272
683
551
163
29S
111
308
129
37
198
624
134
59
267
185
137
60
37
89
155
117
49
91
97
267
27
171
192
:;..'i
75
7:;
:;i>.:;.v.i
8>
5
87
80
67
64
89
104
38
86
47
67
56
72
88
107
31
37
24
61
58
1
52
116
313
35
76
86
141
37
393
61
174
133
103
102
54
112
93
25
53
98
31
32
110
79
26
42
33
42
Kil
80
35
43
52
68
39
87
88
188
64
•n
1,810
||
1 = .
S 80 «£
.= £ -
244
105
70
57
137
166
69
104
71
113
60
67
155
289
54
42
44
144
63
1
78
144
265
46
106
129
277
67
757
77
258
216
112
198
75
101
154
18
104
151
19
41
109
86
42
79
41
74
147
82
45
62
107
171
26
121
128
204
98
72
7,186
204
52
87
52
148
121
50
103
30
33
46
48
90
311
32
27
43
53
36
53
144
533
59
102
101
519
34
1,018
125
1S4
394
101
78
83
698
88
19
21
126
16
20
157
69
8
81
36
114
68
48
14
60
62
288
54
61
168
78
89
69
t g
5 .
^3
767
24
92
28
186
176
108
61
58
158
48
58
252
385
28
30
36
64
66
2
86
134
1,734
44
119
144
418
111
7,436
87
483
265
82
298
118
147
167
36
132
480
8
41
98
87
94
41
27
72
64
213
32
35
S2
ir,4
14
119
140
822
60
82
1i-..;i:ki
5,728
7,364
5,851
6,855
8,223
9,249
2,848
7,457
3,925
5,260
4,835
7,448
5,591
10,182
3,782
4,410
2,899
6,507
4,190
511
6,321
7,000
476
4,975
4.774
7^19
7,957
3,131
193
5,505
11,880
9.079
6,333
5,455
4,067
8,667
9,985
1,957
3,598
5,824
574
1.323
11.427
5.960
2,234
5.372
3.411!)
3.033
9^006
8,942
3.616
4.145
5,088
5,708
2.USS
7. ','nl
7,494
4,239
6,828
2,794
321.930
498
49
34
36
98
50
57
32
30
49
12
16
30
370
17
4
11
18
26
51
53
1,199
5
46
9
265
106
4,079
104
190
139
53
78
41
110
16
7
67
208
54
12
56
63
41
8
22
47
37
4
10
27
22
92
10
60
66
142
22
15
s
s
fc|
122
66
25
39
49
85
26
48
32
60
26
39
52
108
21
15
21
35
34
33
89
226
27
55
51
93
50
709
63
131
102
34
85
19
53
78
4
46
15
59
56
31
42
17
31
43
26
43
20
35
96
18
32
43
97
32
14
9,056 3,755
8
4,216
892
477
643
1,362
1,200
652
442
2,005
2,021
250
571
2,608
5,367
918
254
1,156
1,057
587
49
855
1,045
7,044
564
2,167
1,338
4,901
1,722
19.748
2.592
4,487
3,168
1,259
2,695
1,618
1,976
642
539
2,316
3.477
728
423
1.349
1/293
2,912
1,613
174
608
629
1,179
1,455
692
502
3.451
520
1,268
1.172
4,151
320
491
115,800
Xnfiri/ics "f the Population of New York.
The f U iwil IWI the nativities of the population of the, State, as reported by the census of 1855: —
When born.
Fork
it
Vermont
N-w Hampshire.
Island
Now Jersey
Pamsylrania ....
Number.
•
2,222.321
64.077
1 • 18
1 x ••
it .11
11,737
.168
31.472
.■••:
ll'/c /•. linrn.
Ohio
Michigan
Illinois
ii-in
Indiana
Other States
n Countries
At sea and unknown.
Number.
6,268
3,113
1.255
1,168
806
13,124
183
922.019
17.749
Per cent.
26
.151
.098
,086
,033
.017
::7S
,005
685
,512
PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS.
in the several Counties, as reported by the State Census of 1855.
153
fee
1
*>
s
S
h
c
C
£
s
ft, 3
&s
J
.§
8
e
3
B £
£
"8
s
i
1
a
1
b
1
■3
k
6
S
*
1
S
85
.8
s
SI
137
1,070
8
•s
B
s
2
9
B
i
212
338
468
634
88
183
399
174
178
103
136
64
354
162
92
490
62
28
82
184
59
64
39
85
23
46
45
11
156
71
171
43
20
24
46
28
133
200
56
50
65
68
26
134
45
22
185
110
136
31
82
9
33
22
54
137
34
37
27
74
11
69
29
4
112
55
99
27
17
14
73
151
192
176
96
99
132
114
73
77
73
17
428
45
158
31
39
98
67
90
108
226
62
111
88
125
41
145
55
12
309
72
239
36
50
50
46
52
128
93
45
68
71
52
22
66
36
8
203
44
100
14
23
20
54
19
68
164
40
63
46
77
17
43
2
156
53
124
4
23
24
36
71
86
170
34
32
28
44
18
67
39
7
105
35
86
115
16
11
65
80
105
216
71
77
98
83
43
65
39
15
271
24
155
47
35
148
20
8
57
99
51
42
36
49
8
12
33
4
117
34
116
9
21
8
41
6
61
200
37
67
26
70
14
3
30
2
118
97
205
20
12
17
76
171
205
385
124
67
166
103
42
104
53
8
288
54
201
72
59
185
196
176
6S7
714
141
131
438
218
210
118
146
180
1,063
187
313
100
157
58
44
17
56
112
33
31
24
34
10
1
22
3
g 48
34
76
99
14
3
12
7
35
88
22
19
20
29
8
28
16
3
57
14
72
1
14
26
25
2
75
112
22
36
49
32
3
...
22
4
99
193
71
44
16
11
33
13
128
149
74
27
73
75
19
45
55
22
124
31
108
5
14
8
29
19
54
156
53
62
36
47
6
3
26
46
141
60
115
36
15
55
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
43
10
13
1
33
52
99
123
53
61
52
62
20
23
51
32
152
111
125
23
26
47
68
84
173
329
139
153
104
125
28
56
86
27
414
109
210
40
50
39
354
556
1,628
2,649
37
411
1,150
336
676
102
163
543
2,481
122
290
147
340
69
11
3
54
74
25
32
37
42
...
28
11
88
8
89
9
12
5
64
56
97
137
86
44
67
73
15
16
60
13
150
18
128
20
16
10
43
61
105
175
60
84
97
88
22
13
67
15
301
41
189
38
32
79
140
401
565
394
234
183
358
197
109
248
109
70
858
88
281
149
100
43
44
15
78
162
60
44
42
47
14
23
35
61
139
24
99
39
14
28
1,112
1,714
3,634
6,001
130
1,585
3,400
1,252
1,901
523
884
1,755
12,609
228
1,268
160
897
589
41
41
250
165
75
58
99
75
17
32
50
67
207
20
113
27
39
12
147
22ft
412
480
116
190
290
200
115
136
117
97
988
146
334
118
103
121
118
122
365
342
142
123
275
131
68
146
126
92
4SS
42
250
76
53
53
49
56
137
164
101
51
95
102
23
67
55
6
183
5
108
40
32
11
59
87
239
308
92
99
109
89
37
225
64
42
357
47
191
118
61
77
32
9
76
99
66
59
61
60
21
12
32
12
104
20
94
9
19
5
74
92
231
241
171
84
125
113
38
14
65
25
281
75
246
87
33
24
52
32
94
197
68
100
82
89
26
1
78
7
263
38
172
23
23
17
13
84
34
68
26
18
25
12
1
12
9
18
54
2
44
21
12
36
76
174
187
45
25
105
49
17
12
40
16
157
2
125
2
78
86
99
301
330
529
77
10S
226
121
46
424
90
55
512
98
232
210
70
18
35
7
137
217
12
3
81
17
35
2
9
IS
79
11
36
8
20
2
12
V?,
62
67
14
18
40
23
7
87
25
9
88
5
36
25
11
86
40
120
245
79
91
82
61
23
87
67
10
216
54
243
17
39
19
54
105
89
218
45
68
90
101
37
62
30
19
150
29
141
28
21
74
30
189
63
120
8
52
51
37
11
96
15
4
216
12
56
16
7
12
39
13
81
138
61
53
33
68
10
2
32
2
147
28
159
9
18
12
18
12
48
69
42
39
33
46
10
2
26
107
32
95
21
3
12
33
97
67
107
58
54
55
49
6
14
26
18
124
16
1 1
17
19
47
51
80
154
230
79
65
74
75
27
97
55
11
152
58
117
32
28
9
24
5
95
268
41
61
75
48
23
28
24
8
234
7
133
8
27
17
15
1
55
102
24
33
15
36
7
13
17
4
91
120
82
42
13
3
16
25
60
88
40
28
31
49
10
64
23
5
106
33
94
4
19
2
123
46
78
128
81
57
85
61
15
43
38
8
148
26
124
17
7
17
56
27
186
315
102
73
95
76
30
3
47
96
326
163
154
133
35
24
12
6
33
59
15
16
20
32
4
29
15
10
52
90
52
11
6
62
36
97
202
49
99
86
76
16
30
61
34
214
36
148
62
31
23
43
44
161
186
67
103
83
116
14
39
85
21
257
45
203
17
49
7
127
113
525
631
54
102
304
114
62
121
58
314
437
30
303
108
87
241
36
14
72
147
55
42
53
69
13
28
56
9
127
34
114
4
20
8
21
9
41
82
45
37
35
39
13
8
32
5
126
20
95
6
8
9
4,542
6,309
13.781
20,664
3,917
5.S02
10,081
6.010
4.339
4,006
3,895
4,076
29,236
3,416
9,959
2,825
3.160
3.141
The total number of persons reported in 1855 as engaged in pursuits other than the foregoing ivas
as follows : —
Actors 325
Agents 2.340
Agt'i. Implement Makers 386
Apothecaries and Drug-
gists 1,438
Apprentices 1,421
Architects 261
Artificial Flower Makers 237
Artists and Designers 751
Auctioneers 220
Authors 58
Ax Makers 2X3
Bakers 5,136
Bankers 432
Bank Officers 539
Barbers 2,142
Barkeepers
Basket Makers
Bell Founders
Bellhangers and Lock-
smiths
Bellows Makers
Billiard Makers
Bill Posters
Bird Cage Makers
Blacking Makers
Block Makers
Boarding House Keepers
Boat Builders
Boatmen and Watermen.
Boiler Makers
Bookbinders
9S7
783
659
24
5
7
7
32
391
1,680
693
9,136
708
2,121
Booksellers and Station-
ers 514
Bottlers 14
Box Makers 379
Brass Workers 756
Brewers and Distillers 1.176
Brickmakers 1,627
Bridge and Dock Builders 142
Britannia Ware Makers.. 13
Brokers 1,233
Broom Makers 183
Brushmakers 622
Builders 1,081
Butchers 6,308
Button Makers 61
Cadets 201
Calico Printers 28
Calkers 659
Card Makers 47
Carpet Makers and Deal-
ers 330
Carters and Draymen 7,350
Carvers and Gilders 1,125
Case Makers 32
Cattle Dealers 13
Cement Makers 264
Chandlers and Soap
Makers 622
Charcoal Burners and
Dealers 556
Chemists 1S3
Chimney Sweeps 12
154
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Professions and Occupations, concluded :■
Chronometer Makers 4
Civil Engineers 249
Civil Officer- 1.427
Clock Makers and Re-
pairers 164
Clothiers 1.0S4
Cloth Manufacturers not
specified 123
Coal Dealers 138
Coffee. Spice, and Mus-
tard Makers 25
Collect, rs -2Z2
Comb Makers 229
Confectioners LOSS
Contractors 699
Cooks 1.424
Coopers 7.539
Coppersmiths 409
Cork Cutters 45
Cotton Manufacturers.... 75
Custom House Officers... 346
Cutlers 249
Dairymen and Milk
Dealers 1,050
Dealers nut otherwise
specified 1,668
Dentists
Dock Keepers 54
Drivers. Coachmen, Ac... 3.253
Drover- 862
Dvers and Bleachers 470
Editors
Elactrolyplsts 11
Embroiderers 21S
Enamelers 3
Engineers 3.1S0
- 761
Envelope Makers 29
Expr 4'-2
1 • ry imperatives 2.477
Farriers 150
Feat . r- 8
Ferrymen 6
File' 35S
Fir- Engine Makers 6
Firem-n 416
Fi-h Dealers 165
Fishermen 965
Fishing Tackle Makers— 14
Flax Dressers and Work-
ers 66
Fortune Tellers and As-
tr> logists 4
Forwarders 274
Frame Makers 164
Fringe. Tassel, and Gimp
Makers 155
Fruit Dealers
Farnaeemen
Furri. rs 227
7
Gardener*, and 1 . 0.260
Gas > nire
Makers 627
Gas M 132
Gas Meter Makers
- 499
.•ists and Min<-ralo-
pi-t- 6
i
Gla-'- "
Glaj>!> Btainers
r-
Gin- "
Gold>
820
Grate Makers and
ters 98
Grindstone and Millstone
Makers 23
Gunsmiths 496
Gutta Percha Manulac-
rurers 3
Hair Cloth Makers., 17
Hair Workers 89
Hame Makers 69
Hardware Dealers 426
Hat and Cap Makers 2,928
Hemp Dressers 11
Bone Dealers 102
11 — Makers 6
Hosiers 2S
Hunters 59
Ice Dealers 152
Importers 409
India Rubber Manufac-
turers 73
Ink Makers 61
Inspectors 295
Instrument Makers 172
Insurance Officers 319
Intelligence Officers 3
Inventors anil Patentees 30
Iron Mongers -. 44
Iron Workers 990
Ivory Black Makers 17
Ivory Workers 5
Japanners 73
Jewelers 2,055
Junk-hop Keepers 321
Keepers and Wardens of
Prisons. Ac 284
1. Makers 61
Lampblack Makers 6
Lamplighters 18
Lamp Makers _. 51
Lapidaries 17
Last Makers 98
Lath Makers 11
Laundresses 3,557
Lecturers 35
Librarians 5
Lighthouse Keepers 30
Li Burners 129
Linguists 10
Liihi> l jraphers 176
Livery Stable Keepers.... 741
Looking Glass Makers... 53
Lumbermen and Dealers 2,933
Mall Agents and Carriers 231
Manufacturers (not spe-
cified) 1,448
Map Makers - 11
Marble Dealers 66
Market Men and Women 295
Mat and Rug Makers 83
Match Makers 223
Matrons of Asylums.Ac. 37
Mechanics m>t other-
wise specified) 3.837
Midn iv-s _. 47
Military Equipment Ma-
ker- A
Millwrights 1.2<.-'
Mineral Water Makers... 117
Miners 41. ">
Model Makers 8
Modelers 1
It. --• rs 260
Moulders 3,114
M< old Makers --. 12
Mtllric il In-lr. Manufac 180
den 87
1.177
Mn-i Teachen 621
Makers 433
Naturalists 10
Needle Makers 1
New-boys 197
Nurserymen 240
Nurses 968
Oculists 17
Oilcloth Makers 133
Oil Makers 124
Opticians 63
Organ Builders 81
Ostlers 948
Overseers and Superin-
tendents 475
Oyster Men and Dealers.. 458
Packers 112
Paint and Color Makers.. 21
Paper Dealers 20
Paper Hangers 196
Paper Makers 914
Paper Stainers 87
Patent Leather Makers... 10
Patent Medicine Makers. 59
Pattern Makers 427
Pavers 341
Pawnbrokers 20
Pearl Workers 4
Peddlers 4,131
Pen Makers 61
Pencil Makers 49
Perfumers 35
Photographers and Da-
guerreotypists 3S9
Piano Makers 1,076
Pickle and Preserve Ma-
kers 11
Pilots 387
Pin Makers 5
Pipe Makers 26
Plaster Figure Makers... 41
Plate Printers 31
Platers 269
Plumbers 95S
Pocket Book Makers 212
Policemen 1,513
Polishers and Burnishers 578
Porcelain Makers 12
Porters.- 3,916
Portfolio Makers 6
Portrait Painters 37
Postmasters 184
Pot and Pearl Ash Ma-
kers 36
Potters 287
Powder Makers 27
Produce Dealers 526
Professors 188
Publishers. 160
Pump Makers 40
Pursers 10
I'yrnteclinists 22
Quarrymen 1,081
Ragpickers 250
i Strop Makers 5
Reed Makers 16
l:. -finer* and Assayers... 91
Reporters 59
Restaurant Keepers 288
Riggers 4f9
Roofers and Slaters 175
Rope and Cord Makers... 668
Runners 150
Safe Makers _. 88
PaJlmakers 563
Sailors and Mariners 9,720
Saleratus Makers 16
- Li -nun 723
BalooD Keepers 871
Salt Makers 602
Sandpaper Makers 3
Sash and Blind Makers.. 1,004
Saw Filers 45
Saw Makers 228
Sawyers 3,724
Scale Makers 69
Scavengers 41
Screw Slakers 8
Sculptors 86
Sealing Wax Makers 1
Servants 58,441
Sextons 147
Shingle Makers 217
Ship Carpenters, Mast
and Spar Makers 3,632
Shift and Collar Makers 434
Shoe Peg Makers 7
Shot Makers 9
Showmen 15
Silk Workers 81
Soldiers and Military
Officers .'. 709
Speculators 487
Spinners 463
Spring Makers 26
Stage Proprietoi-s 174
Starch Makers 40
Stave Makers 20
Steel Makers 9
Stereotypers 47
Stevedores 2S0
Stewards 281
Storekeepers 1,120
Stove Makers 160
Straw Workers 131
Students 4.184
Sugar Refiners 144
Surgeons 48
Surgical Instr. Makers... 38
Surveyors 382
Telegraph Operators 258
Tobacconists 3,744
Tool Makers 404
Toy and Fancy Dealers
and Makers 164
Traders 115
Trimmers 308
Turners 909
Turpentine Makers 5
Type Cutters 21
Type Founders 155
Umbrella Makers 374
Undertakers.., 213
Upholsterers 1.106
Varnish Makers 267
Victualers 57
Vinegar Makers 25
Watchmakers and Re-
pairers 813
Watchmen 412
Wax Bleachers 2
Whalebone Workers 122
Whip Makers 51
White Lead Makers 46
Whitewashers 262
Window Shade Makers... 31
Mine and Liquor Dealers 749
M in- Drawers 15
Wire Workers 91
Wood Cutters 240
Wood Dealers 75
Wooden Mare Makers.... 41
Wool Carders nnd Comb-
ers 282
Wool Dealers 49
Woolen and Worsted
Workers 147
ALBANY COUNTY.
Tins was an original county; formed Nov. 1, 1G83, and confirmed
Oct. 1, 1691. 1
Tryon and Charlotte (now Montgomery and Washington) counties
were taken off in 1772, Columbia in 1786, Rensselaer and Saratoga in
1791, a part of Schoharie in 1795, a part of Greene in 1800, and Sche-
nectady in 1809. The Manor of llonsselaerwyck was erected into a dis-
trict March 24, 1772, and subdivided into east and west districts soon
after the Revolution. The county lies on the west bank of Hudson
River, about 150 miles from its mouth, and contains an area of 544
square miles. Its surface is undulating and hilly, and it has a general
inclination toward the southeast. A narrow intervale extends along
the course of the river, bounded by a series of steep bluffs from 100 to 180 feet high, from the sum-
mits of which an undulating and slightly ascending plateau stretches westward to the foot of the
Helderbergh 2 Hills, where it reaches an elevation of about 400 feet above tide. This range of hills
rises from 400 to 800 feet above the plateau, and 800 to 1200 feet above tide. Their declivities are
very steep, and sometimes precipitous, on the east, but more gradually sloping upon the west.
Several other ranges of hills, inferior to them in height, extend in a general northerly and southerly
direction through portions of the county. The highest point is the summit of thellelderberghs, in
the northeast corner of the town of Bern, and is 1200 feet above tide. All these ranges of high-
lands may be considered as outlying spurs of the Catskills, which, in turn, are but a northerly
continuation of the Allegany Mountains, and a part of the great Appalachian system.
The geological formations of this county belong to the Upper Silurian system, and comprise
nearly all the rocks of the "New York System," from the Utica slate to the corniferous limestone.
Above the rocks, in the eastern part of the county, are thick deposits of drift, consisting of sand,
gravel, and clay ; and along the river intervales are rich alluvial deposits. The lowest rock,
cropping out on the Hudson, Normans Kil, and Mohawk, is the Utica slate. Next above is the
graywacke and shales of the Hudson River group, appearing in the valleys of all the streams
that flow into the Hudson, and apparently underlying the entire eastern part of the county. This
stone is quarried for building stone and flagging. 3 The red rocks that form the base of the
Helderberghs evidently belong to the Medina sandstone series, though they have sometimes been
confounded with the red shales of the Onondaga salt group. Next above, forming the first terrace
of the mountains, is the water-lime group, from 50 to 200 feet in thickness, furnishing both water
and quick-lime. Next in order is the pentamerus limestone, 50 feet in thickness, consisting of
impure gray and black limestone mixed with slate and shale. Overlying this is the Catskill lime-
stone, from 50 to 180 feet in thickness, consisting of thick, compact masses of limestone alternating
with thin layers of shale. It is used for building stone and lime. The Oriskany sandstone is
next developed, in a strata only 2 feet in thickness, followed by the cauda-galli grit, from 50 to
60 feet in thickness. This last has a fine grit, and resembles black or gray slates, but is easily
disintegrated, and crumbles upon exposure to the air. Next in order come the Onondaga and
corniferous limestones, the latter crowning the summits of the mountains. These rocks furnish
both a superior quality of lime and an excellent building stone. The surface of the eastern
part of the county is covered with immense beds of clay, gravel, and sand. The highlands west
of Albany City are covered 40 feet deep with sand, which rests upon a bed of clay estimated to be
100 feet deep. In this drift are found small beds of bog ore and numerous chalybeate and sul-
phuretted springs. In the limestone regions are numerous caves, sink holes, and subterranean
water courses, forming a peculiar and interesting feature of the county.
The principal streams are, — the Hudson River, which forms the eastern boundary ; the Mohawk,
which forms a part of the northern boundary ; the Patroon Creek, Normans Kil, Vlomans, Coey-
1 The county by these acta embraced " the Manor of Rens-
Belaerwyck, Schenectady, and all the villages, neighborhoods,
and Christian plantations on the east side of Hudson's River, from
Roeloffe Jansen's Creek ; and on the west side, from Sawyer's
Creek to the outermost end of Saraghtoga." The Manor of Liv-
ingston was annexed to Dutchess co. May 27, 1717, and by sub-
sequent statutes the county of Albany was also made to com-
prise every thing within the colony of New York north and west
of present limits, and at one time the whole of Vermont.
2 Signifying " Clear Mountain," from the fine prospect from
their summit.
* Several of the intermediate series of rocks, including the
gray sandstone, Clinton, Niagara Falls, aud Onondaga salt groups,
are not found in the county.
155
156
ALBANY COUNTY.
mans, Haanakrois, andCatskill Creeks, and their branches. Nearly all the streams that flow Into
the Hudson have worn deep gulleys in the sand and clay. Many of these gorges are 100 feet deep,
and extend from one-fourth of a mile to one mile from the river. The streams farther west gene-
rally flow through narrow, rocky ravines bordered by steep banks. These streams are mostly
very rapid, and subject to extremes of flood and drouth. There are several small lakes among the
hills, but none of special importance.
The soil upon the intervales is a deep, rich alluvial loam. In Watervliet, Albany, and the
eastern parts of Guilderland and Bethlehem, it consists of almost pure sand, with strips of clay
along the banks of the streams. A belt of land lying between the sandy region and the foot
of the Ilelderberghs is principally a clayey and gravelly loam, and very productive. Upon the
Helderberghs the soil consists of alternate layers of clay, slate, and gravel, generally with a sub-
soil of tenacious clay called " hard-pan." Patches in this region are also stony, and much of it
is wet and cold, and only moderately productive. Pitch pine, oak, and chestnut are the principal
kinds of timber that grow upon the sandy region. In the most barren parts these trees are
mere dwarfs, and the region has much the appearance of a desert. In the southeast corner of
the county is a limited amount of red cedar. West of the sandy tract are found the usual trees
of this northern climate, including both the deciduous and evergreen. 1
In the farming districts the people are principally engaged in raising spring grains, dairying,
the raising of stock, and in gardening for the markets of Troy and Albany. The people of Albany,
West Troy, and Cohoes are principally engaged in manufactures and commerce.
The city of Albany is the county seat and State capital. The county buildings are commodious,
and the county institutions are well organized. The City Hall 2 at Albany, erected at the joint
expense of the city and county, contains the principal city and county offices. The Albany County
Penitentiary 8 is a fine building in the western part of the city. Persons convicted of certain
crimes, and sentenced to short terms of imprisonment, are confined here ; and prisoners are re-
ceived from Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties.
The county has no poor-house, but contracts with the city for the support of its paupers.
Albany is 145 miles above New York, upon the Hudson. The tide rises about one foot in the
river.* In low water, navigation is obstructed, except for vessels of light draught, by the " over-
slaugh," or bar, near Castleton, and at other points ; and considerable sums have been expended in
attempting to deepen the channel, by dredging, and building a long stone dike below Albany. 5
The most important works of internal improvement in the county are, — the Erie Canal, 6 the New
York Central, and the Albany, Vermont, and Canada Railroads, all terminating in the city of
Albany. Connected with these lines, and terminating at Greenbush, directly opposite Albany, are
the Hudson River, Albany and West Stockbridge, 7 Harlem, and Troy and Greenbush Railroads.
A company has been chartered to build a r. r. from Albany in a s. w. direction to Binghamton,
and the work upon it is now in progress. A pier has been built in the river in front of Albany,
for the benefit of navigation. 8
Hendriok Hudson is supposed to have ascended the river as far as Albany in 1G09. During the
next three or four years, several Dutch traders commenced a traffic with the Indians, and small
trading houses were built at Manhattan and Albany. In after years these stations were fortified, the
one to protoc f from invasion by sea, and the other against incursions from the French settlements
in Canada. The principal military work at Albany (built in 1623) was known as Fort Orange.
The station at Albany remained a mere trading post until 1G.'!0, when agricultural improvements
began. The Dutch West India Co. was formed in 1621, for promoting settlement in " New Nether-
lands," as the I'utrh possessions in America wcro then called. In 1629, this company granted to
Killian Van Rensselaer, one of the commissioners, (a pearl merchant of Amsterdam,) a charter
conferring upon him privileges similar to those enjoyed by the feudal barons of Europe. His
i a iti'l agricultural survey of Albany oo. was made,
In 1 -. the Oo, I i was
toe fir-t enterprise of the kind in the stat-.— .l/.m. Ikl. Ag., i. 367.
» «.•■■ page l"'.
* Thi* penitentiary was bnOI in 1846 10, and opened An
prfa nen in April, 1848, It ••< 1 under the din
of A Hi"." I'il-i"iry. in 1848, and Dtwd under hii
direction and thai of 1m* ion, Looii l> Pilabury. it I,
cells, an,! the ayt rage number in confinement has been 220. Tie-
convicts are principally employed in the manufacture ol
seat chairs un'l saddlery hardware. During the fir-t B yean the
total receipts were $110,082, end the total expenditm
* The tide rises lure G b. 34 m. behind time of the in, d'i
southing. * SrnaU Doc 40, 1857, p. 171.
8 The Erie Canal terminates in a basin at Albany, and com-
riui iiiiat- s willi the End-on at West Troy. It crosses the Mohawk
River, above Col k Falls, upon a stone aqueduct. A company
hao been incorp. for building a ship-canal from Albany to New
Baltimore, a point below tin bars which obstruct navigation.
' L< a- d by the Western (Mass.) It. It. Co.
8 The pier is built across a curve in the west shore, and opens
Into the river at both ends. It is divided for the accommodation
of the rail r« ad f' Tries, and is lj miles long. It was formerly Closed
by locks. The basin inclosed within the pier affords a secure
harbor, during winter, for river vessels and canal boats, which
otherwi'"- would be exposed to destruction from ice. The pier
is owned by an incorporated company.
ALBANY COUNTY.
157
agents 1 made large purchases of land lying on both sides of the Hudson, near Albany, 2 in 1030-37,
at which last date the manor embraced a territory 24 mi. n. and s. and 48 mi. e. and w., including
nearly all of the present counties of Albany and llenssclaer. 3 By the terms of the grant the
charter would be forfeited unless the lands were settled in 7 years by at least 50 persons over 15
years of a^e. A ship load of emigrants was forwarded in 1030, and others in each of several suc-
ceeding years. The emigrants were furnished with stock, seeds, and farming implements, and
the land was leased at an annual rent, payable in grain, beeves, and wampum, or a share of the
products. 4 The proprietor received the title of Patroon, and in him was vested authority in
civil and military affairs subordinate only to the West India Co. and the States General. He had
his forts, soldiers, cannon, and courts of justice; and, although the laws allowed an appeal from
the decisions of the local courts, he required every person who settled within his jurisdiction to
pledge himself never to exercise this right. Altercations soon arose between the agents of the
patroon and the officers of the garrison at Fort Orange, in regard to the land immediately around
the fort; and the controversy was not settled until after the English conquest. 5 The settlement
formed under Van Rensselaer gradually acquired importance as a trading post, and a considerable
hamlet was built under the guns of Fort Orange. 6 Mills were built on several of the streams, and
a church was erected. By the surrender of the colony to the English, in 1004, the personal rights
of the colonists were secured, and a new charter was granted to the patroon, restricting his civil
power, but confirming the relations existing between landlord and tenant. 7 The feudal tenure was
finally abolished in 1787. 8
The leasehold tenures, from an early period, excited discontent among the tenants. 9 The late
patroon, by his indulgence, had secured their regard ; and when he died, in 1839, the course that
would be pursued by his successor became a matter of solicitude. A committee of respectable
men, appointed by the tenants to wait upon him and confer upon subjects of mutual interest, were
treated with marked coldness and disdain, which quickly led to the organization of armed resist-
ance to the enforcement of civil processes in the collection of rent. In Dec. 1839, the excitement
was so great in the w. part of the county, that the Governor issued a proclamation, and sent an
armed force to assist the civil officers. The people finally dispersed, and no collision ensued. For
many years the anti-rent question greatly excited the public mind in all sections of the State
where the leasehold tenure prevailed. 10 Within a few years, much of the land has been conveyed in
fee to the lessees ; and probably in a few years the whole question will be amicably arranged in
this manner. 11 There are 17 newspapers and periodicals now published in the county. 12
1 Janson Krol and Derick Cornelissen Duyster, commissary
and under commissary at Fort Orange.
2 The tract first purchased, w. of the Hudson, extended from
Beeren (Bear) Island — called hy the Indians " Passapenock" —
up to Sneackx Island, and "of a breadth of two days' jour-
ney."
8 On the 1st of Oct. 1630, a copartnership was formed between
Van Rensselaer on the one part, and Saml. Godyn, Johannes de
Laet, Saml. Bloemmaert, Adam Bissels, and Toussaint Moussart
on the other, by which the latter were constituted co-directors
of Rensselaerwyck, and were bound to do homage and fealty to
the lord of the manor.
4 The patroon reserved the right to trade with the Indians.
For several years this trade was carried on by the settlers, who
received goods from the patroon's store, and sent the peltries
which they received to be sold by him in Holland. This busi-
ness afterwards fell into the hands of local traders.
6 So active did this controversy become, that at ono time Oov.
Stnyvesant sent an armed force to Albany to support the rights
of the company against the proprietor.
6 This place soon became the seat for holding all great councils
with the Indian tribes. Among the curious tilings mentioned
in the annals of the "old colonie" is the fact that, during an almost
unprecedented freshet in the spring of 1646, a whale 40 feet long
came up the river and stranded on an island near the mouth
of the Mohawk. Four others stranded the same season, 40
Dutch mi. above New Amsterdam.
1 For a concise view of the changes made by this charter, see
Barnard's Hist. Sketch of Rensselaerwyck, p. 107.
8 The manorial title has descended as follows : —
Killian Van Rensselaer, first Patroon, died in 1647, at Amster-
dam, leaving the property with his two sons.
Johannes and Jeremiah. Each of these had a son named
Killian, the former of whom died without issue in 1687,
leaving the title with
Killian, son of Jeremiah. Dongan's patent was confirmed to
the two cousins Nov. 5, 1685, and all other claimants
released to the survivor, in 1695 ; to whom also Queen
Anne's patent of confirmation was granted May 20,
1704. He willed the property to his son,
Jeremiah, and to the male heirs of his body ; but, dying without
issue, the title passed to his younger brother,
Stephen, who had a son (sole heir under the will above men-
tioned,) named
Stephen, who died in 1769, leaving the title with
Stephen, the late patroon, who was born in 1764, and died
in 1839. The entail ended with this person, who, in his
will, gave the w. part of the manor to his son, Stephen,
the present proprietor, and the E. part to his son,
William P., of New York.
9 The " Quarter Sales," as they were technically called, in
which the landlord claimed a part of the purchase money at
each transfer of a lease, was particularly obnoxious. In 1850
the Quarter Sales were declared unconstitutional by the Su-
preme Court.
10 This movement led to the adoption of Art. 1, Sec. 14, in the
constitution of 1846, prohibiting the lease of agricultural landa
for a longer period than 12 years.
H The relative amount of the land held by lease and in fee in
the county is now nearly as follows: — In Watervliet, nearly all
held in fee; in Guilderland, three-fourths; in Bethlehem, Coey-
mans, and New Scotland, two-thirds ; in Knox, Rensselaervilfe,
and Westerlo, half; and in Bern, one-third, — the remainder
being held by lease.
12 The following list is imperfect, but is supposed to include
all the more important newspapers ever published in the Co.
We are indebted to Joel Munsell, printer, for assistance, and the
use of his immense collection of specimen numbers, in the prepa-
ration of this class of statistics.
The Albany Gazette was first issued in Nov. 1771, by Alex, and
James Robertson, who joined the loyalists in N. Y. in
1776.
The New York Gazetteer or Northern Intelligencer, iu 1782. by
Solomon Balantine and Charles R. Webster. In 1784
the name was changed to
The Albany Gazette, and in 1788 a semi-weekly edition was
issued. In March, 1817, united with the Albany Daily
Advertiser, and took the name of
Tlte Albany Gazette and Daily Advertiser, continued until 1845.
The Albany Journal, or Montgomery, Washington, and ''<lum-
bia Intelligencer, seini-w. in winter and w. in summer
was started in Jan. 1788, by Chas. K. A Geo. Webster,
and published in connection witli the Gtazette.
The Albany Daily Advertiser, Sept. 1815, by Theodore Dwight
158
ALBANY COUNTY.
In 1S17 W. L. Stone united it with the Albany
Gazette.
The Albany Register was published bv John Barber from 17SS
till ISO's and by S. Southwick till 1817.
The Federal Herald, by Claxton A Babcock, brought from
Lansingb'gh in Feb. 1788, and again returned thither.
The Albany Centinel, semi-w., 1796. In Nov. 1806 chauged to
The Republican Crisis. Backus A Whiting and Isaac Mitchell
were successively publishers.
The Albany Chronicle was commenced in 1797 by .Tohn McDo-
nald. Joseph Foy and Henry C. Southwick were after-
ward its editors. It was discontinued in 1799.
The Guardian, 1S07. Van Benthuysen & Wood, 2 years.
The Balance^ and New York State Journal, semi-w., 1808-11,
Croswell & Frary ; removed from Hudson.
The Albany Republican was started in April. 1812. by Samuel
K. Brown. — Romaine succeeded the next year, and after
several years it was merged in the Saratoga Patriot.
The Stranger. 1813-14, 8vo. John Cook, pub.
The Albany Argus was established as a semi-w„ tri-w., and w.,
Jan. 1, 1S13, by Jesse Buel ; and d., semi-w., and w.
editions were issued in Oct. 1825. Edwin Croswell was
many years its publisher. Feb. 15, 1856, merged in
The Atlas and Argus, da., semi-w., and w. Conistock & Cassidy,
pub.
The Albany Atlas, da., semi-w., and w.. was started in 1841 by
Vance A Wendell : in 1>>56 it was united with the Argus.
The Christian Visitant, 4'o. was begun June 3, 1815, by S.
Southwick, and continued 2 years.
The Fried. Svo. mo., was begun iu'lSlo by D. A S. A. Abbey.
1 vol. published.
». pub. by — Carter; removed to N.Y. in 1S18.
The Plough Boy was started 1819, by Solomon Southwick,
under the nam d-- plume of Henry Homespun.
The Albany Micre,?r,,p.; i-2o. by Chas. Galpin, continued till 1842.
The National Democrat, published at Albany and N.Y., was
St urted In 1 823 by Wm. McDonald, and continued 1 year.
The Religious Monitor, mo. was commenced in May, 1824. by
suncey Webster. It is now published in Philadelphia.
The 1 " ■■• and Miscellaneous Album, was started
in 1826 by E. B. Child. Its name was changed to
7"V Asm rican Masonic Record, and was pub. by E. B. Child for
4 or 5 yrs.
The American Masonic Register was pub. 5 y. by L. G. Hoffman.
National Obsi ner, w. and semi-w., was started in 1S26 by
Geo. Galpin, and continued 4 years: S. Southwick, ed.
The AH' nm Telegraph and Christian Register was started in
1826, and in 1827
The Albany Christian Register, L. G. Hoffman, pub,, and J. K.
Boyd, ed.. May 19, 1827.
The Albany Daily Chronicle was started April 22, 1S26, and
published a short time by Galpin & Cole.
The Comet was begun Aug. 4, 1827. D. McGlashan, ed.
The Standard was published in 1827 by Matthew Cole.
of the Times was started Oct. 13, 1*>27, and discontinued
- - 1 • 28. D. McGlashan, pub.. S. Do W. Bloodgood. ed.
The Antidote was pub. in 1827. Webster A Wood, pub., S.
Southwick, ed
7"'.. Morning Chronicle, da., and The Albany Chronicle, semi-w.,
publisher! in 1S2S by Beach. Denio, A Richard.
The Afft wn> published in 1828 by Galpin A Sturtevant
The • literary Writer was started Dec. 27,
l'-J- by .las. McGlashan'; Bloodgood A Van Schaick. eds.
The .i -mi-mo., was started Jan. 30, 1828, by Arthur
Sherman.
The t " . rrn was published in 1 4 28 by J. Mnnsell.
The- Albany Kv«iiln« Jmtrnnl was commenced
i. it was published by B. D. Packard i C .
Tliiirifw \\ \ w. an. i a M-mi-w. Journal ji i •
n .,w Issued from Ibis oftVe by Weed, Dawson A Co.
a • ■' Working Men's Advocate, da., was
I by McPheraon A McKercher. The fol-
lowing year it appeared as
The Daii i Pr'tmnn't Advocate, ami Former*. Meehnntr*. and
Whrlting Men'l < ' tmmpinn, and wiw pub. 1 or 2 vrs.
The .1 Trte.l in April. 1880, by .1. DnuVy. W. B.
HoCulloch, mil I
The Ttmf- Irr, in.... WW published in 1881 by the Stat.'
T.-nv.
/ V'""''"'''''. 8»o. f'"mmpnfnrl in 1883 by the Alb.
If ml. M. Wiloon. wl.. "l toL pub.
fr-m Boi bester In 1831.
B. J. Roberts A 1 • ubllshers,
American 7emperane t. m.. wn» started in Jan. 1834.
The SWneorm, in May, 1836. Xli-- .' j ..| rol. was
mgsd to
The Sill: ir.rm ana " deroted In part to sugar
beet culture. It- tinned in It I
The Amrrti-an Quarterly Hemp hfagatint was commence. 1 I I
2 vols, published.
The A" i. ./ nuntcript, Hi., tha first peDnv paper in Albanv, was
I Oct. 12
Tht Albany /.' t vet and T J fr , " m y *|rtffflffr | mffi t mm pubfashtM]
In 1838 by Qso. Trumbull.
The Albany Whig was commeneed in 1884, by J. P. Van SWiaiek
A Co„ as the weekly of The Daily Advertiser. It was
soon merged in The Albany Gazette, a »emi-w. paper
issued from the same office.
The Common School Assistant, mo., was published in 1836 by J.
Orville Taylor.
The Associate Presbyterian Magazine, 8vo, mo., Rev. P. Bul-
lions, ed. Pub. from 1838 to 1842.
South wick's Family Ai wspaper was published in 1S3S.
The .leffersonian was published by Horace Greeley during the
campaign of 1838.
Tile Cultivator, mo., was commenced in March, 1S39. by
Jesse Buel. It was afterward published by W. Gay lord
and L. Tucker, and now by L. Tucker & Son.
The Tomahawk and Scalping Knife was published a short time.
The Albany Patriot was started in 1840 by Jas. C. Jackson,
and continued 4 years.
Tht Unionist, da., was published by J. Munsell. and
The Rough Hewer by Theo. M. Burt, during the campaign of
1840.
Tht District School Journal, mo., was established at Geneva in
1840, Francis Dwight, ed. Removed to Albany in 1841,
and continued by the State School Dep. until 1S52.
The Examiner was published in 1S41 by G. Galpin.
The American Magazine, Svo, mo., started in 1S41 by J. S. A B.
Wood. 3 vols. pub.
The Irishman was published seven weeks in 1842 by H.
O'Kane, J. Munsell, printer.
The Nero Fork State Mechanic was started in 1842 by J.
Munsell, and continued eighteen months.
The Northern Star and Freeman's Advocate was started in
1842 by J. G. Stewart and Charles S. Morton.
The Sunday Tickler was published in 1842 by C. W. Taylor.
The Albany Switch was commenced in 1S42 by H. J. Hastings.
In 1^55 Edward Leslie became its editor.
The Youth's Temperance. Enterprise, mo., started Xov. 13, 1S42, by
J. Stanley Smith, ed. and pub., and continued 3 years.
The American Citizen, da. and w., was started in 1S43 by Stone
& Henley, and ed. by J. S. Smith.
Tlie Albany Knickerbocker, da. and w., was com-
menced in 1843 by II. J. Hastings, and is still continued.
The Albany Daily Patriot was published in 1843 by C. T. Torry
Tlie Subterranean was started Mar. 23, 1S43, by Jas. Duffey.
The Albanian, da., was published in 1844.
The Albany Religious Spectator was started in 1S44 by J. Mun-
sell and E. H. Pease. The next year it passed into the
hands of B. F. Romaine, who continued it until 1857.
The Birney Advocate, semi-mo., was pub. during the campaign
of 1844 by E. W. Goodwin.
The Anti-Renter was started by Thos. A. Devyr Aug. 16, 1845.
The Albany Freeholder was started April 9, 1S45, by Thos.
A. Devyr, and continued until 1854.
The American Quarterly Journal of Agriculture and Science,
8vo, was commenced Jan. 1845, by E. Emmons and A.
T. Prime. Jan. 1S46 it was pub. monthly by E. Emmons
and A. Osborne. It was sold to Ch. Bement in 184S,
and discontinued in Dec. of the same year.
The Gavel, mo., published in 1845 from Munsell's press.
The Scourge was published in 1S45 by Woodward & Packard.
The Vesper Bell, da., a few numbers pub. by Abbott A Crosby.
Tlie Albany Herald, da. and tri-w., was commenced in 184(5 by
A. B. Van Olinda. and in Dec. it took the name of
The Morning Telegraph, and in March. 1847, of
The Statesman, edited by W. M. Watson.
The, Balance was published in 1846.
The Mechanics' Advocate. is.4ii. ,T. Tanner, pub., continued 1 yr.
The Mechanics' Journal, 1846, Munsell A McFarlan, pub., was
issued 1 year.
The Horticulturist, and Journal of Rural Art and Rural
Taste, was commenced In July, 1846: A. J. Downing,
ed., L. Tucker, pub. The 8th vol. was removed to
Rochester. In 1855 it was pub. at Philadelphia by R.
P. Smith : John 3. Smith, ed. In Jan. 1858 removed to
N.Y.: Saxton, pub.. J. .1. Smith, ed.
The Mechanics' Mirror, Svo, was published in 1846 from Mun-
hoITs pre--.
The Son of temperance and RechabUe, Svo, mo., was pub. in
Aug. 1846 by J. Stanley Smith A Co.
The Albany Oastigator was Issued in is47 by M. J. Smith.
The American Ltterary Magazine, mo., started July. 1^47. T.
Dwi hi Sprs ue, pub. ; removed to Hartford, June, 1848.
Thr Christian Palladium^ J, Hasten, ed., was brought from Fulton
In 1847 or '48, and re move, i to Irrington. N.J.,Oct.l855.
The Busy lier, E. Andrew-, ed., was pub. from IMs to 1850.
Odd rWow* Litiraru Magazine, was pub. in 1848. W. K.
Cole, ed.
The Telegraph ami Temperance Journal, mo., was commenced
in 1848 by 8. Myers, and continued 4 years.
The DaHyArtttan was pub. a Bhort time in 1849 by Tanner A Stow.
The Albany DaHy Messenger was pub. 1848 by 1'.. V. Romaine.
The Ami ro-nn Christian Messenger was commenced by Jasper
Hazen Jan. 17. 1841.
Transactions tff N. T. State Institute of Civil Engineers, 4to, with
plates, was pub. Feb. 1849. Two nos. issued.
Tht Christian Herald and Messenger was issued Feb. 10, 1849,
by 3. Hazen, and afterward removed to Irvington, N.J.
it was in part successor to theCb. Messenger, pub. at
Newburyport. Mass.. many years, and is the oldest re-
ligions newspaper In the country.
The Courier anil Journal was started Feb. 10, 1849,
and is now published by J. T. Ila7.cn.
The Albany Dutchman and The Albany Sunday Dutchman
ALBANY COUNTY.
159
ALBANY CITY 1 — was incorporated by patent July 22,
1686,' 2 having previously enjoyed divers rights and privi-
leges, under the names of " Beverwick," " William Stadt,"
and Albany. The Dutch styled it "New Orange." Tho
part of the city north of Patroon and Quackenboss Streets,
known as the " Colonic," was incorp. March 31, 1791 ; and
again, March 30, 1801. It was made a village April 9,
1804; and was erected as a town April 11, 1808. The
town was divided, and merged in Albany and Watervliet,
Feb. 25, 1815. The city lies upon the w. bank of the
Hudson Iliver, a little n. of the center of the county;
and embraces a strip of land about one mile wide, extending
13£ miles in a n. w. direction to the n. boundary of the
county. A narrow intervale of low land lies along the
course of the river, bounded by steep banks from 150 to 250 feet high, where a barren
region commences, rising toward the w., and broken by numerous sand hills and ridges.
The banks which form the declivities of this tract are separated into several distinct ridges
by the deep gulleys worn in the clay by the streams which flow through them. The soil,
except near the river, is a light sand, not adapted to cultivation without the aid of costly
artificial means. A mineral spring was obtained on Ferry St. in 1827, while boring for
water. 3 Albany is situated near the head of navigation upon the Hudson, and at the eastern
terminus of the Erie Canal. 4 The several railroads before mentioned render it a place of con-
siderable commercial importance. 5 It is the largest barley market in the U. S., and immense
were started in 1849 by Griffin & Farnsworth, and sub-
sequently removed to N.Y.
The Temperance Courier was commenced Feb. 10, 1849, by J. T.
Hazen, and subsequently pub. by J. Hazen & Son.
The Washingtonian and Eechabite was issued in 1849 by J.
T. Hazen, and in 1855 united with The Courier.
Florence Oneida Telegraph was printed at Albany in 1849.
The Albany Morning Express was started in 1850 by Stone &
Henley. In 1854 it passed into the hands of Munsell
& Co., and in 1856 its title was changed to
THe Daily Statesman, now published by J.B. Swain & Co.
The Albany State Register, da., semi-w., and w., was started in
1850 by Fuller & Seward. S. H. Ilammond and C. D.
Brigham were afterward eds., and in 1856 it was re-
moved to N.Y.
The Albany Daily Times commenced Feb. 16, 1S50. Five nos.
were issued.
Th". New York Reformer. John Abbott, ed., Munsell, pr., was
pub. 10 mos.
The State Military Gazette, C. G. Stone, pub., was
commenced in 1858, and was soon after removed to N.Y.
The Half-Dollar Monthly was pub. in 1850 by B. F. Romaine.
Tlie Journal of the N.Y. State Agricultural
Society, mo., was started in May, 1850.
The Daily Albany Eagle was started Sept. 1, 1851, by John
Sharts, and continued 4 months.
The American Mechanic was started Jan. 4, 1851, by J. M.
Patterson.
The Carson League, published by J. T. Hazen & T. L. Carson,
was removed from Syracuse in March, 1851.
The Albantj Mirror and Literary Cabinet was published in
1851 by J. H. Canoll and W. M. Colburn.
The Cithern was started Oct. 11, 1851, Warner & Rooker, pub.
The Northern Light, mo., conducted by Dix, Hawley, Dean, Beck,
Olcott, and Delavan, and subsequently by A. B. Street,
was started in 1851, and continued about 3 yrs.
Deutsche Freie Blaetter, tri-w., was started in 1852.
Henry Bender and Augustus Miggael, present pub.
The Family Intelligencer was commenced by Jasper
Hazen. Sept. 11, 1852, now pub. by J. T. Hazen.
The New Yorlt Teacher, mo., the organ of the N.Y.
State Teachers' Association, was started in 1852, and is
now conducted by James Cruikshank.
The Evening Transcript, da. and w., commenced Jan. 31, 1853, by
Cuyler & Henry, was last published by Snyder & Ells."
The Country Gentleman, started by J. J. Thomas and
L. & L. H. Tucker in 1853, is now pub. by L. Tucker & Son.
The Prohibitionist, mo., ed. by A. McCoy, the organ of the N.Y.
State Temperance Society, was started in 1S54, and in
1857 united with the Jour, of the Am. Temp. Union.
The Family Dental Journal, mo., was pub. in 1854 by D. C. Kstes.
The State Police Tribune was started July 21, 1855, by S. H. H.
Parsons and R. M. Griffin. Removed to New York.
The Albany Morning Times was started in 1856, and
is published by Barnes & Godfrey.
The Albany Evening Union, edited by J. McFarlan, and subse-
quently by John New, begun 1856, and ended 1857.
The Albany Vblksblatt was published in 1856 by Geo. nerb.
The Albany Morning Express was started in 1S56
by Stone & Henley, and edited by J. C. Cuyler.
The Albanian, semi-mo., boys' paper, commenced June, 1857.
The Hour and the Man, da. and w., Geo. W. Clarke, pub., John
Thomas, ed., commenced Aug. 1858.
The Mercantile Horn, w., was pub. gratis Oct. 1858.
The Voice of the People. Republican campaign of 1S58.
The Albany Evening Standard, da.,
begun
Dec. 1858. R. M. Griffin & Co., pub.
The Independent Press, da., started Dec. 1S58, was pub. a few mo.
Astronomical Notices was started at Ann Arbor. Mich.,
in 185S. Since the 7th no. it has been pub. at Albany.
Prof. Brunow, ed.
Tlie American Magazine, mo., by J. S. & B. Wood, was pub. 1J yr.
The Gavel, mo., was published by John Tanner 2 years.
The Albany Literary Gazette was published by John B. Germain.
The Rural Folio was started at Rensselaerrille in Jan. 182S, by
C. G. & A. Palmer, and continued 2 years. An Anti-
Rent paper has also been published.
The Zodiac, mo., was published about 1S36 by Gen. De Coudrey
Holstein.
The "West Troy Advocate was commenced at West
Troy in Oct. 1837, by Wm. Hollands, and is now pub-
lished by his widow and son.
"Watervliet Daily Democrat was started at West Troy
Jan. 20, 1859. Allen Corey, ed.
The Cohoes Advertiser was started at Cohoes in 1845 by Winants
& Agnes. In 1849 its name was changed to
The Cohoes Cataract. J. H. Masten. publisher.
1 The name Albany was derived from the Scotch title of the
Duke of York, to whom the province was granted.
2 The charter conveyed municipal jurisdiction over the terri-
tory bounded E. by the low water mark on the Hudson ; s. by a
line drawn from the southernmost end of the pasture at the N.
end of Martin Gerritsen's island, and running back due N. w. 16
miles into the woods to a certain creek called Sandkil ; N. by a
line parallel to the former, about 1 mile distant; and w. by a
straight line drawn from the western extremities of the N. and
S. lines. This charter embraced the right of certain public
buildings and fields, the ferry, all waste land within their
boundaries, the right of fishing in the Hudson within the county,
and of purchasing of the Indians 500 acres of meadow land at
" Schaatcogue" on tho N., and 1,000 acres at " Tionnonderoge"
(Fort Hunter) on the w., in the Mohawk country, on which to
plant colonies as barriers against hostile incursions. The quit-
rent was fixed at one beaver skin, payable at Albany on the
25th of March annually forever.
8 This boring was commenced to obtain water for a brewery.
At a depth of 480 feet, sparkling water, of a saline taste and im-
pregnated with carburetted hydrogen gas, was obtained. The
boring was continued to a depth of 617 feet without any change
in the character of the products. A few rods distant a second
well was bored, with similar results. One of the wells was
ruined by placing a pump in the other. 4 See page 156.
6 Besides the river, canal, and railroads, there are 5 plank
roads and 2 turnpikes terminating in the city.
160 ALBANY COUNTY.
quantities of this grain are here manufactured into malt and beer. 1 Albany, Troy, and "West Troy
are the largest lumber markets in the State. " The Lumber District" in Albany is along the canal,
above the little basin, where extensive wharves and slips have been built for transferring lumber
from canal boats to vessels and barges upon the river. 2 The manufactures of the city are varied
and extensive. 3 Among those that may be considered specially important are the stove-founderies
and breweries. The city is amply supplied with water from works erected at public expense. 4 The
water is obtained from several creeks w. and n. of the city. The main reservoir (Rensselaer Lake,)
is 5 miles w. of the City Hall, and is elevated 262 feet above the river. It covers 39 acres, and its
capacity is 180,000,000 gallons. A brick conduit conveys the water to Bleeker Reservoir, on Pa-
troon St., whence it is distributed through the portion of the city w. of Pearl St. This reservoir
has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. The lower portion of the city is supplied from Tivoli Reser-
voir, on Patroon Creek, covering 20 acres, and has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. These works
are under a Board of "Water Commissioners, and the rents are charged to property owners and col-
lected with the taxes. 5 Pop. 57,333.
The State buildings at Albany, including the Capitol, State Hall, State Library, Geological and
Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Arsenal and Armory, have already been described
under the head of State Institutions. 6 Besides these, there are several buildings and institutions
worthy of a particular notice.
The City Hall is situated on Eagle St., fronting the e. end of Washington Avenue. It is an
elegant structure, faced with Sing-Sing marble, and surmounted by a gilded dome, — the only
one in the U. S. It was built at the joint expense of the city and county, and it contains most of
the city and county offices. 7 The jail is in Maiden Lane, near the City Hall.
The Albany Exchange, a massive granite building, is situated on Broadway, at the foot of State
St. It was erected in 1839 by a joint-stock company, and contains the post-office, the general
offices of the New York Central R. R. Co., and a variety of other offices.
The Public Schools 8 have hardly kept pace with the progress of other institutions of the city, or
with the public schools of other cities in the State. Until within the last few years, the whole
public school interest was under the charge of a Board of Commissioners, appointed by the Regents
of the University. The people, having no power over school matters, took but little interest in
them, and the schools languished in every department. There was a great deficiency in school-
houses, in the number of teachers employed, and in the general supervision of schools. This
system has been changed of late, and a series of improvements have commenced which bid fair to
soon place the schools of Albany on a par with those of her sister cities. In 1857, there were 13
school districts, employing 53 teachers, 16 males and 37 females. The number of children between
4 and 21 was 18,359, of whom 6729, or 37 per cent., were in attendance some portion of the year. 9
There are 70 private schools, reporting 3827 pupils.
The Albany Academy, (for boys,) fronting on Eagle St., opposite the State Hall, is a flourishing
institution. It was chartered by the regents, March 4, 1813: the corner-stone of the present
building was laid July 29, 1815, and it was opened for students Sept. 1, 1817. Dr. T. Romeyn
Beck was its principal for 31 years; and under him the school obtained a deservedly high reputa-
tion. The building is an imposing structure, of red Nyack freestone, in the Italian style, fronting
on a park <>f :; acres. ,0
1 T: receipt* of barley at tide water exceeded 2,000,000
l.n -> j • ]-.
* In 1-' ived at Albany by canal, principally
from thi :il feet of boards and scantling, 11,048,700
f limber. " i shingles, and I 7,600 I .;i- of il i
* Tb<- 'b tli" following aggregate of the
manufacturing • itabliabmenta in the city i 4 ag. lmpl< meal foes. ;
BboJ shops; B bookbinderics; 10 breweries;
P brick yard- ; IT carries • foe, ; 1 r -,r win. I foe; ;,
distil! I flour mill"-. 18 harness, ibopi;
• leri -.11 m. i. bine ifa ipa; i J mall boost - :
1 •'■ printing offlose; SaaA iring and planing mills; 2
type and itereotype fonnderiea; 13 store mannfac; and 4 piano
lea. There are about 50 nimimlasliin merchanta; 60 dealers
in Boar and grain; and 50 lumber dealers.
4 In 1700 ih' i was em po w er ed i" construct water
U 7 ---inn miles. Tbe receipts fnr the year ending Oct.31,lR57,
were 176,660. The revenues arc sufficient to pay the interest on
the debl for construction and the cost of maintenance, and leave
:i considerable balanco to form a sinking fund for the final
liquidation of the debt.
« Bee pages 27, 44, 136.
T This building is 109 feet front by SO feet deep. In front it
has a pr.".. | porch, supported by "6 Ionic columns. In the
• i.i. r ..| tli.- hall, in the second story, is a statue of Hamilton,
1 ■•• He wes j and In the common council room are portraits of the
first 1.", (b.vernors of tie- Slate.
8 A Lancaster ian S. 1 1 Bociety was incorp. May 26, 1812, a
SCl 1 having been maintained for some time previous. The
members ><r the common council were ex-officio members of the
BOdety, and those giving $25 Mere entitled to a scholarship. In
1H7, the society erected the bnilding now occupied by the Al-
bert nothing »«> dona. Aftarward the enterprise was bany Medical College, for the uso of the school, which continued
completed by s priTate company, who obtained their supply of to be occupied until 1834, when the school was superseded bv
water from Mainland I Ivil. >". of the city. This supply not being the public school system of the suite. Wm. Tweed Dale was
sufficient, an act was passed in lfc.Vi f.. r the r<>n>tru< lion of pub-
b water* rka, Thi rote in the city stood, "for water,"
-No water," 0; "Brandy and water, strong," 1. The works of
th<* old company were purchased and the jr. sent works built.
4 The original cost oi construction was (860,000; and the total
coet up to Jan. 1, 1S68, $1,018,496. The main pipes measure
principal of the school for 23 years.
* The total expenses of the schools for 1857 were $44,310 10.
Total receipts, the same. No. of volumes in Dist. Libraries, 9286.
10 The late Henry W. Delavan bequeathed $2000 to this insti-
tution, the income of which is devoted to the education of indi-
gl nt youth.
NEW YORK STATE CAPITOL
ALBANY
ALBANY COUNTY.
161
The Albany Female Academy, on N. Pearl St., was established in 1814, and incorp. in 1821, and
the present building was completed May 12, 1834. The institution has uniformly borne a high re-
putation. The building is in Grecian style, with an Ionic portico. 1
The Albany Female Seminary, situated on Division St., was incorp. April 9, 1828. It is under
the charge of the Moth, denomination.
The Albany Institute, a society for the promotion of science and art, was incorp. Feb. 27, 1829
by the union of Society of Arts and the Albany Lyceum of Natural History. 2 It has three depart-
ments, devoted to — 1st, Physical Sciences and the Arts; 2d, Natural History; and 3d, History
and Gen. Literature. During the winter months it holds semi-monthly meetings. It has a valu-
able library, and an extensive cabinet of minerals and of specimens of natural history. 3
The Young Men's Association was formed in 1833, and incorp. March 12, 1835. It supports a
lecture course during the winter, and has a library of above 7000 vols., and a reading room supplied
with 70 papers and 15 other periodicals. It is the oldest institution of the kind in the U. S., and
has about 1000 members.
A Catholic Young Men's Association has sustained a course of lectures for several winters.
The Albany Industrial School, erected by the city in 1857, for vagrant children, is not completed.
It is located in the rear of the Penitentiary, and, with those buildings, presents a fine architectural
appearance.
The Dudley Observatory, on an eminence in the N. border of the city, was founded through the
munificence of Mrs. Blandina Dudley and other liberal patrons of science. It was incorp. April
2, 1852, and its management intrusted to 15 trustees. The building is admirably arranged, and
furnished with instruments, several of which are the largest and most delicate ever constructed.
It was dedicated Aug. 28, 1856, and placed under the charge of a scientific council, to be employed
by the coast survey in the determination of longitudes, and other purposes connected with that
great national enterprise. It has a special library of about 1000 volumes.*
The Albany Medical College, located upon Eagle St., was incorp. Feb. 16, 1839. Two courses of
lectures are held annually ; and the institution has secured a deservedly high reputation in the
medical profession. It has an extensive medical museum, and a choice library of 5000 vols.
The Law School of the University of Albany was instituted under the university charter of April
17, 1851. Two courses of lectures are annually held in rooms attached to the medical college
building. This school has obtained an excellent reputation.
The Albany Almshouse, consisting of a poor house, 5 insane asylum, 6 and a fever hospital, 7 is
located upon a farm of 116 acres, 1£ miles s. w. of the city, and is entirely owned and managed by
the city authorities. These departments are supplied with commodious and appropriate buildings.
The Industrial School building is located upon the same farm.
The Albany City Hospital, located on Eagle St., was incorp. April 11, 1849. It was founded by
private subscription, and the present building 8 was opened for the reception of patients Aug. 8, 1854. 9
The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Washington St., at the junction of the Western Turnpike, was
incorp. March 30, 1831, at which time it had been in practical operation for nearly two years. It
was commenced as a private enterprise, and the present building was erected by subscription and
the product of several ladies' fairs. It is now supported by funds received from the State, the
interest on its endowment, and the proceeds of an annual fair.
The St. Vincent Orphan Asylum was incorp. in 1849. The female department, situated on N.
Pearl St., is under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department, 2 mi. w. of the capitol,
is under the care of the Christian Brothers.
The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. Rev. Johannes Megapolenses was settled
as pastor in 1642, under the patronage of the patroon. A regularly organized Lutheran church
existed in 1680, but the date of its formation is unknown. It was reorganized Aug. 26, 1784,
1 The Albany Library, kept in this building, was incorp. Feb.
14, 1792. It contains about 5,000 vols.
2 Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, read his first
scientific papers before this association, and performed his first
original experiments while a pupil at the Albany Academy. The
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures,
■was established in 1791, incor. 1793, and expired in 1804, by
limitation of charter. Revived as the Society for the Promotion
of Useful Arts : incor. 1804. These were State Institutions, and
became local on the establishment of the Board of Agriculture,
In 1819, and continued a city institution until its union with the
Albany Lyceum of Natural History in 1829.
• The library and cabinet are kept in the Albany Acad, building.
* The building is in the form of a cross, 86 by 70 fret. Among
the instruments is a calculating engine, made by C. Scheutz, a
Swede, and purchased by John F. Rathbonc. It is the only on»
in existence. A large class of calculations is performed by its
use, and the results are impressed upon leaden plates, ready to
electrotype and print. This institution has been involved in an
unhappy controversy between the trustees and council, which
has embarrassed its plans; but it is now in active operation
under cheeriug auspices.
6 The city contracts to support county paupers at $1.25 per
week each. A school connected with this institution is kept
throughout the year.
6 Built at an expense of $12,000, and with accommodations for
80 inmates.
' Cost $5000.
8 This building was erected by the city for a jail.
» The whole cost of the institution has been about $50,000.
11
162 ALBANY COUNTY.
The first Prot. E. Church (St. Peter's) was erected in 1715, on a site granted by the governor of the
colony. It stood in the center of State St., opposite Barrack (now Chapel) St., and was demolished
in 1802, and the present edifice built by Philip Hooker. The communion plate of this church was
presented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most imposing and costly church edifices in
the city are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eagle and Lydius Sts.,
and St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. There are now (1858) 48 churches in the city. 1
At an early period Albany acquired much importance from being the principal center of the
Indian trade, and afterward the place where the great military expeditions against Canada were
fitted out. 2 Its importance as a military station led to its being fortified at an early period; and,
although it was often threatened with invasion, no hostile army ever reached it. 3 It became the
permanent seat of the State government in 1797. For 30 years after the Revolution, Albany was
the seat of the entire trade of the western part of the State, the produce being brought in by sleighs
in winter. The first great impulse to its commercial prosperity was given by the successful trip
of the Clermont, 4 the first steamboat of Fulton, in 1807, and the improvements in steam navigation
which immediately followed. The steamboats now upon the Hudson River are among the very
largest that navigate any inland waters. 5 The completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, and
of the various lines of railroads since that time, have each essentially added to the growth and
prosperity of the city. 6 Business is principally centered upon Broadway, State, S. Pearl, and
Washington Sts. The Dutch language and customs, which continued until long after the English
conquest, have almost entirely disappeared. Very few families retain any characteristics of their
origin, although many occupy the same lots that were conveyed to their ancestors two centuries ago.
The peculiar Dutch architecture has now nearly disappeared, and within the limits of the city there
are not more than a dozen houses with the sharp gables fronting even with the street, the tile roof,
and antiquated appearance, so common but a few years ago. The city has been visited by several
disastrous fires, 7 and the lower part has often been inundated by water. 8
BER\° — was formed from Rensselaerville, March 17, 1795. Knox was taken off in 1822. It
lies near the center of the western border of the county. The Helderbergh Mts., 1200 feet above
tide, form the eastern border. Grippy and Irish Hills, two broad mountains, with steep declivities
and rolling summits, 900 to 1000 feet above tide, occupy the center. The s. and w. parts are hilly,
and the k. rolling. The principal streams are the Foxen Kil and the Switz Kil. These streams
flow k. w. through narrow valleys bordered by steep hill sides. Werners and Thompsons Lakes, in
the w. e., are small sheets of water. In the lime rock, in the n. e. part, are numerous small caves
and sink holes. 10 There are several sulphur springs in town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly
loam interspersed with clay. ISeriiville (Bern p. o.) contains 50 houses; 11 E. Bern 12 (p. v.)
15; S. Bern (p. v.) 15; and Ileitis* i lie (p. v.) 12. Peoria is a small village on the line of
Knox. Settlement was begun about 1750 by a few German families. In 1777, a company of 85
militia were raised in this town, of which the captain and G3 men joined the British, and the
remainder the Americans at Saratoga. Bernville, then called "Beaver Dam," was fortified during
the war, and sentinels were posted at night to prevent surprise by the Indians. 13 The place at one
l Of thi e (here are v tfeth. v... 7 Bap., . r . Prot E., - r , Presb., 5
R. C. 8 Ref. ProtD, '■', Jewish Syn.,8 Evang, Luth, 2 Wes.
Meth .. I I ■• Hi--. '.' r. Amo., Evang. Prot. Ger., Asso. Prcsb.,
and Onlv.
: On the i '•!> "f June, 1764, the Oxst Congress of Hip colonies
Mufnii'l'-'l at Albany, to devise a genera] plan oi anion end
the French and Indian hostilities,
then mendng. This I eon Isted of delegates
f r ..m V H . M im . i: 1.. Oonn . v V . ivtin., and M.I. The "plan
of union" drawn np by Dr. Franklin was adopted, bnl it was
afterward rejected bj the British government as being too demo-
cratic, and bj the colonies as giving to., min-h |».«it to (licking.
» Ti ■' was trafll i.y the Dutch, In 1614) on the island
which it I.' i ailed Castle Island. In 1617 a
Ibrtwaaballt at the month of the Normans Kil; and in 1628
another Dear the 1 1 unboal landing, In 1 1 • -
». part "f tli" rity. nn<l named Fori Orange, in honor of the
reigning prince of Holland. .\ quadrangular Curt, called "Fort
Vr • :• - | imiit i.ii the high ground, dow State
,-t., bet w een Bt Peter*! Church and the Geological Ball, with
6 As a contrast to the "Clormont." it may be stated that the
"Isaac Newton," of the People's Line of Steamers, is 404 feet
long. 75 wiili'. .'tin! IT deep, and lias sleeping accommodations for
more than 700 passengers.
«Tho sloop "Experiment." of 80 tons, Capt. Stewart Dean,
sailed in the fall of 17S5 from Albany to China. This was the
nd vessel from the U.S. to Canton. She was absent 18
months, and returned with a cargo of teas, nankeens, damask
Bilks, and 13 sets of China ware, to order, for family gifts.
» A lire in 1707 burned OH dwellings, and rendered 150 fami-
lies houseless. Aug. 17, 1848. a most destructive fire broke out,
which destroyed a considerable portion of the commercial part of
the city Imrdering upon the river,and also many boats in the basin.
8 Dpon the breaking up of the ice in the river, Feb. 9, 1857,
the water completely submerged the lower part of the city, and
rami' up m high that it covered Broadway in front of the Ex-
change. The damage to property was immense.
Named from the native place of Jacob Weidman, first settlor
and mill owner.
10 In one of these caves, during the war, a notorious tory and
lines of palisades extending down Bteul>en nn.l Hudson Sts. to npy named Balisbnry was concealed for some time, but was at
the river. These fortifications were demolished a -"ii after the
ntion, and the Onl] ! « li> ir exi-tinn. now re-
maining i* the curved outlines which they have given to the
itrei ts in ti Ider parti of the city.
« The Clermont was 100 feet long. IS fit wide, and 7 feet
deep. The first voyage to Albany wa« accomplished in 28 hours
and 45 minutes. This boat was afterwords enlarged, and her
name changed to the " North River."
la-t air. stnl. The place Is still known as "Tory's Hole." —
Simms's Srhoharie, p. 525.
11 In 1825 an extensive ax factory was erected here; but it
was soon after removed to Cohoes.
12 Formerly called " Philadelphia," and still locally known as
"rhilla."
13 The family of Johannes Deitz, consisting of 8 persons, were
murdered by the Indians. — Simms's Schoharit, p. 499.
ALBANY COUNTY.
'Jo
time became a rendezvous for tories. 1 The Ref. Prot. D. Church of Beaver Dam was formed in
Jan. 17G3. The first settled pastor was Johannes Schuyler, in 17G7. 2
BETHLEHEM— was formed from Watervliet, March 12, 1793. New Scotland was taken off
in 1832. It lies on the bank of the Hudson, e. of the center of the county, and includes the islands
w. of the main channel of the river. Its surface consists of a rolling upland, ending upon the river
in steep bluffs 100 to 150 feet high. Near the center of the town are a few sand ridges and rocky
knolls. The principal streams are Coeymans Creek, Vlamans Kil and Normans Kil. The declivi-
ties of the upland are broken by numerous deep gullcys worn by streams flowing into the Hudson.
There are two small caves, several sulphur springs, and quarries of coarse brown sandstone, in
town. The soil is sand and clay. 3 GroesbecR is a suburb of Albany. Pop. 1,232. flien-
WOOd, a small village near the mouth of Normans Kil, contains an extensive mill, and a manu-
factory of silver and Britannia ware. Upper Hollow, Adanisville, Normanskill,
(p. o.,) Bethlehem Center, (p. o.,) Beckers Corners, Cedar Hill, (p. o.,) and S.
Bethlehem are hamlets. Callanans Corners, in the n. w. corner, is a p. o. On the
hills overlooking the Hudson below Albany are several fine country seats. The first settlement was
made upon Castle Island,* in 1614, and a fort erected the same year. As this island was liable to
overflow, in 1617 another fort was built at the mouth of Normans Kil. 5 Agricultural improvements
commenced in 1630, by tenants under Van Rensselaer. Mills were built on the Normans Kil and
Beaver Kil at a very early period. A part of the house known as "Whitehall," near the Delaware
Road, was built by Gen. Bradstreet, and during the Revolution is said to have been a secret rendez-
vous for tories. Cherry Hill, just out of Albany, on the river road, was the residence of Gen. Solo-
mon Van Rensselaer. A Ref. Prot. D. church was formed in colonial times, and in 1794 S. Van
Rensselaer gave the society 100 acres of land, known as the parsonage farm. 6
COEYMANS— (Quee'mans) was formed from Watervliet, March 18, 1791. A part of Westerlo
was taken off in 1815. It was named from the patentee. It is the s. e. corner town in the county,
and includes the adjacent islands in the Hudson. Its surface consists of an upland, 200 to 400 feet
above the river, broken by ridges and hills rising 100 to 400 feet higher. The principal streams
are the Coeymans 7 and Haanakrois Creeks. In the former, at Coeymans village, are two falls at
which the stream descends, in the aggregate, 75 feet. Lawsons Lake is a small sheet of water in
the n. w. part of the town. A stratum of marble or limestone extends through the town 3 or 4 mi.
from the river. In the n. e. part are two caves, the largest extending 40 rods into a perpendicular
ledge. Feuri-Spruyt Kil, a small stream in the n. part, disappears, and flows for half a mi. in a
subterranean passage, coming to the surface again in New Scotland. At the place where the Stream
disappears it falls perpendicularly into a deep cavity, forming a considerable water power. Another
brook, in the w. part, flows in a similar manner under ground for 40 or 50 rods. There are several
mineral springs in town, impregnated with sulphate of magnesia. In the e. the soil is sand mixed
with clay, and in the w. it is gravel and clay. The fossil remains of an elephant were found on
the farm of Mr. Shears, 4 mi. w. of the river. Large quantities of hay are sent annually from this
town to the New York market. Coeymans Landing 1 , (Coeymans p.o.,) on the Hudson, is a
village of considerable trade. Pop. 650. Coeymans Hollow, (p.o.,) Stephensville,
and Indian Fields (p.o.) are small villages in the valley of the Haanakrois. Keefers
Corners is a p.o. Barent Peterse Coeymans, an emigrant from Utrecht in 1636, settled under
the patroon as miller, and leased the mills upon the Patroon Creek and Normans Kil. In 1673
he bought the territory included in this town of the Catskill Indians, and a patent was granted
him April 17, 1673, by Gov. Lovelace. Van Rensselaer had previously bought the same lands
of the Mohawks; and a conflict of titles ensued. The matter was finally settled in 1706, by Coey-
mans agreeing to receive title under the patroon and pay a small annual quit rent. 8 Settlement
commenced early in the last century. 9 The first mills were erected by the patentee at Coeymans
1 Cornelius Schermerhorn kept a tory rendezvous, and at one
time an absconding paymaster from Burgoyne's army is said to
have been murdered at his house.
2 A parsonage farm was given to this church by S. Van Rens-
selaer, midway between Bernville and Peoria, and a church was
erected upon it. In 1835 the society was divided, and a new
edifice was erected at each of the villages, the farm being held
in common by both societies. The census reports 13 churches
in town ; 4 M. E., 3 Christian, 3 Ref. Prot. D., and one, each, Bap.,
Evang. Luth., and Friends.
8 The proximity of this town to Albany has afforded an ex-
cellent market for produce, and much of the land has been de-
voted to the production of milk, butter, and culinary vegetables.
* In 1668 Martin Gerritsen Van Bergen had a lease of this
island, and on some old maps, it is called Martin Gerritsen's
Island.
6 A map dated 1630 gives the name of "Godyns Kil" to this
stream. The Indian name was Ta-wal-sou-tha. The present
name is derived from Albert Andriessen Bradt de Xoorman, the
lessee of the falls at an early period, and one of the first s tilers.
6 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 R. P. D., 2 M. E., 1 Presb.
' The Indian name of this creek is said fo have been O-nis-ke-
thau. and of the flats at Coeymans Hollow Ach-que-tuck.
8 This arrangement was confirmed by patent from Queeu
Anne, Aug. 6, 1714.
9 Andreas and Lendert Whitbeck were early settlers near
Ach-que-tuck; Daniel Traver and Balthus Keefer near Reefers
Corners; aud John and Thos. Witbeck near Indian Fields.
164
ALBANY COUNTY.
Fall?. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was built in 1797, 1 mi. west of Coeymans Landing. This
church was organized March 5, 1793, Rev. Jacob Sickles first pastor. 1
GlILDERL AXD- was formed from Watervliet, Feb. 26, 1803. It lies near the center of the
northern border of the county. Its surface is greatly diversified. In the w. rises the precipitous
wall of the Helderberghs to a height of 800 feet above the general level of the valleys. The central
jiiirt is undulating, and the eastern is occupied by numerous sand ridges. The Normans Kil with
its branches, the Bozen Kil, 2 Black Creek, Wildehause Kil, and Hunger Kil, are the principal
streams. The lower course of the Normans Kil in this town is through a narrow ravine, with
steep clayey banks. The soil is light and sandy in the e., and gravelly loam mixed with clay in
the w. A mineral spring is found upon the farm ofWm. McGowan. Hamiltonville, (Guilder-
land p.o.,) formerly known as the "Glass House," 3 is situated on the old turnpike, 8 mi. w.
of Albany. Guilderland Center, (p.v.,) locally known as "Bangall," contains 18 houses.
Dunnsville,* (p.o.,) Knowersville, 5 (p.o.,) and Frenchs Mills, 6 on the Normans
Kil, are small villages. During the Revolution, a portion of the inhabitants sided with the British ;
and the feuds which grew up between families and neighborhoods have not yet entirely subsided. 7
The Ev. Luth. church (St. John's) was organized Oct. 13, 1787. Heinrich Moeller was the first
pastor. 8
R\OX — named from John Knox, the Reformer — was formed from Bern, Feb. 28, 1822. It is
the n. W. corner town of the county. Its surface consists of a high plateau region broken by a few
small hills. Its eastern part constitutes a portion of the Helderbergh region ; but the declivities are
so gradual that they only serve to give to the town a moderate inclination towards the n. and w.
The Bozen Kil, forming a part of the e. boundary, with its tributaries, and the Beaver Dam Creek,
are the principal streams. There are two caves, supposed to be of considerable extent, about 1£
mi. N. of Knoxville. The soil is principally gravel and clay, with hard pan underneath. Knox-
ville 9 (Knox p.o.) contains 23 bouses. W. Township, (p-o.,) E. Township, and
Peoria, on the line of Bern, are small villages. This town was settled by Germans before
the Revolution. During the war the people became divided in politics, and after the defeat of
Burgoyne many of the tory families went to Canada. 10 Saml. Abbot and Andrew Brown, from
Conn., settled in town in 1789 ; and soon after 20 to 30 families came in from the same State.
The first church was a Ref. Prot. D. u
IVEW SCOTLAND- was formed from Bethlehem, April 25, 1832. It is the central town
of the county. The eastern and central parts are high and rolling, with occasional isolated hills
and ridges ; and the western border is occupied by the Helderbergh Mountains. The principal
streams are Normans Kil, Vlamans Creek, and Coeymans Creek, (or Oniskcthau Kil,) and several
<.f their tributaries. Upon the side of Bennett Hill, in the s. w. part, is a strong sulphur spring.
\ ir Clarksville are two caves, extending respectively i and £ mi. under ground. Streams flow
through each of them. The outlet of Lawsons Lake, in the s. w. part, about 1 mi. from the lake,
falls into a deep cavity and flows i mi. in a subterranean passage, and in its course it receives a
considerable tributary. 11 At the northern foot of Copeland Hill, near the same locality, are remark-
ftble '-ink holes, •"> to 8 feet in diameter, and extending down through the soil and lime rock to a
depth of 10 to 20 feet. A subterranean stream connects the bottoms of these cavities. 13 The soil
is a gravelly* loam niixc«l with clay. Clarksville (p. v.) is situated at the foot of the Holder-
berghs, on Coeymans Creek, and contains 211 inhabitants. IV ew Salem (p. v.) contains 27
booses; and \ew Scotland (p. v.) 15. Unionville, (Union Church p.o.,) Feuribush,
i I u lion, a small ri nmbcr of Indiana l>e|onging to
ill.. Oneida tribo lived In thli town. They removed, but re-
turned for a short litn» in ISIS. An -irrt. of £10 wan audited in
f m hnihHng sto ks and a whipping i
l Tli- HUM nporta churche* in t"«n; .'; M. 1... It. P.O.,
K. (\, and Onion.
* From " Boo*," angry, because of its rapid descent and severe
••ta.
» A glana factory wan e r e<-ted here in 1702: and In I'M (In-
state loaned the proprietors £■ in without
interest and S at 5 per rent. In 1790 IDS project " I
of establishing here a manufacturing town, an'! Ih" ground wan
laid out into streets and lots, unl-r the nam" of Hamilton. To
encourage the project, the company and workmen were exempted
from taxation (brfi yearn. The work* were discontinued in 1816
for want of toAr—mmmltt Annah, Tol. III. p. 167.
4 Named from Christopher Dunn, original owner; locally
known an " Hardacrabble."
6 An inn wan kept here doring the Revolution by Jacob Akor.
T t waa the neat of a factory in 1800.
6 Named from Abel French, who built a factory bore in 1800;
A clothing works was erected here in 1795, by Peter K. BroecR.
" The news of Burgoynefa surrender was celebrated by the
whlga by burning a hollow chestnut tree on a hill. A barrel of
tax bad previously been turned down the hollow trunk and
branch
8 A K. P. D. church was formed Dec. 14, 170."?. The census
reports, besides tlioso already mentioned, 3 churches; 2 Presb.
and 1 M. K.
9 Knoxville was formerly known as"TJnion Strect,"and is still
locally called "The Btreet."
10 Capt. .larob Van Aernden was an active leader of the, whigs
of this section during the war.
11 The census reporta 6 churches ; 3 M. E., R. P. D., Luth., and
Dap.
" This cavity has been explored, and in it are found beautiful
stalactites, and thousands of hats clinging to the roof.
13 This paaaagc baa been explored, and is found to contain
several rooms of considerable size. Some years ago a notorious
| thief uBod this cavity as a depository for stolen goods, and for a
ALBANY COUNTY.
1G5
and Oiiisketb.au (locally known as "Tarrytown") arc hamlets. Teunis Slingerland, from
Holland, was the first settler on the Oniskethau flats, lie purchased 9874 acres, and built a dwelling
near the center of the tract, and erected the first mills. 1 The first church (Kef. Prot. D.) was
organized at New Salem about 1786. 2
REUJSSEL.AERVIL.L-E — named from the Van Rensselaer family — was formed from Water-
vliet, March 8, 1790. Bern was taken off in 1795, and a part of Wcstcrlo in 1815. It is the B. w.
corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by parallel ridges extending n.
and s. and rising 400 to GOO feet above the valleys. The principal streams are Catskill Creek and
its tributaries, Scrub, Fox, Ten Mile, and Eight Mile Creeks, and Willow Brook. The valleys
of these streams are narrow, and are bordered by steep hill sides, and the streams arc rapid,
and subject to sudden and destructive freshets. Upon Ten Mile Creek, near Rensselaerville, is a
fall of 100 feet; and upon Willow Brook is another of 40 feet. Bog iron has been found in the e.
part. There is a sulphur spring 2£ miles n. e. of Preston Hollow. The soil is clay and gravel,
underlaid by hard pan. Rensselaerville 3 (p. v.) contains an academy.* Pop. 561. Will-
iamsburgli, on the w. border of the town, contains 18 houses ; Preston Hollow 5 (p. v.)
40; and Medusa 6 (p. v.) 30; Potters Hollow 7 and Cooksburg 8 are post-offices. 9
The town was mostly settled by emigrants from New England soon after the Revolution. Michael
Brandt, a German from Schoharie, lived in town during the war. 10 Daniel Shay, the leader of the
revolt known as Shay's Rebellion, moved to this town in 1795. Maj. John Edmonds, a Revo-
lutionary officer, was also a settler in this town. The first church (Presb.) was formed in Nov.
1793, and the edifice erected in 1796. 11 Rev. Samuel Fuller was the first pastor.
WATERVLIET- was formed March 7, 1788, and included the w. district of the manor
of Rensselaerwyck. 12 Rensselaerville was taken off in 1790, Coeymans in 1791, Bethlehem in
1792, Guilderland in 1803, and Niskayuna in 1809. 13 It lies at the junction of the Hudson and
Mohawk, in the n.e. corner of the county. Its surface is mostly an upland, 200 to 300 feet above
the river. The declivities of this upland are broken by numerous gulleys worn by the small
streams. A fine intervale, nearly half a mile in width, extends along the Hudson. At Cohoes, on
the Mohawk, the river flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of which 40 feet is perpen-
dicular. 14 The banks, both above and below the falls, are high and precipitous. The Erie Canal
rises, by a series of 18 locks, from the Hudson, through the village of Cohoes, to the most northerly
angle of the town 3 mi. above, and 188 feet above tide. At this point it crosses the river into Sara-
toga co., in a stone aqueduct, 11372feet long, 26 feet high, and resting upon 26 piers. The soil is a
deep, rich alluvial upon the river intervale, and a light, sandy loam upon the upland. Sulphur
and chalybeate springs, and bog iron ore, are found in town. The quarries of graywacke furnish
an excellent flagging and building stone. This is the most populous town in the State. West
Troy, (p.v.,) incorp. April 30, 1836, is a commercial and manufacturing village opposite the city
of Troy. Pop. 8306. It is especially noted for the extent of its lumber trade, and for being the seat 15
long time eluded the vigilance of those who were searching for
him. At length he was tracked to his hiding place, and the
existence of the cavity was made known.
1 Among the other first s 
