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The Genera of Fishes
From Linn^us to Cuvier, 1758-1833, Seventy-Five Years,
WITH THE Accepted Type of each.
• A Contribution to the Stability of Scientific Nomenclature.
BY
David Starr Jordan
ASSISTED BY
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LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS
UNIVERSITY SERIES
The Genera of Fishes
From Linn^us to Cuvier, 1758- 1833, Seventy-Five Years,
WITH THE Accepted Type of each.
A Contribution to the Stability of Scientific Nomenclature.
BY
David Starr Jordan
ASSISTED BY
Barton Warren Evermann
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY
1917
^r
Stanford University
Press
\^
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 7
I. Linnseus, Systema, Ed. X, 1758 11
II. Gunner, Berglachs, 1761 16
III. Schsefer, Ratisbon, 1761 16
IV. Osbeck, Reise, China, 1762 17
V. Gronow, Zoophylaceum, 1763 17
VI. Linnaeus, Museum, 1764 22
VII. Houttuyn, Natural History, 1764 22
VIII. Linnseus, Systema, Ed. XII, 1766 23
IX. Miiller, Delineationes, 1767 24
^ X. Geoffroy, /IQ Plantes, 1767 24
XI, XII. \z\vaoni, Dictionnaire, II, 1768 24
XIII. Gouan, Historia, 1770 28
XIV. Koelreuter, Rarorum, 1770 28
XV. Forster, Remora, lyyi 28
XVI. Briinnich, Regalecus, 1771 28
XVII. Catesby & Edwards, Carolina, 1771 28
XVIII. Giildenstadt, Acerina, 177^ 32
XIX. Forskal, Descriptiones, 177s 32
XX. (Klein), Schauplatz, I-III, i77S-^77^ 34
XXI. Scopoli, Introductio, 1777 41
XXII. Forster, Icones, 1777 42
XXIII. {K\€m), Schauplats,lW,W, 1777 42
XXIV. Forster, Enchiridion, 1778 43
XXV. (Klein), Schauplatz, VI-X, 1778-1781 43
XXVI. Herrmann, Sternoptix, 1781 44
XXVII. Houttuyn, Japan, 1782 44
XXVIII. Bloch, Ichthyologia, 1786 44
XXIX. Bloch, Fisch Arten, 1787 44
XXX. Ahl, Murcena, 1787 45
XXXI. Ascanius, Sildetusten, 1788 45
XXXII. Bloch, Papageyiische, 1788 45
XXXIII. Bloch, /cA^o/o^ia, III, 1788 45
I THE GENERA OF FISHES
PAGE
XXXIV. Browne, Jamaica, Ed. II, 1789 45
XXXV. Linck, Neueste, 1790 49
XXXVI. Bloch, Ichthyologia, IV, 1790 49
XXXVII. White, New South Wales, 1790 50
XXXVIII. Valmont, Dictionnaire, Ed. IV, 1791 50
XXXIX. Shaw, Stylephorns, 1791 50
XL. Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792 50
XLI. Bloch, Ichthyologia, VI, VII, 1792-93 50
XLII. Rose, Synonymia, 1793 51
XLIII. Latham, Saivfish, 1794 52
XLIV. Vahl, Ccecula, 1794 52
XLV. Bloch, Ichthyologia, VIII, IX, 1794-95 53
XLVI. Fabricius, Campylodon, 1793 53
XLVII. Volta, Blochius, 1796 54
XLVIII. Lacepede, Polyodon, 1797 54
XLIX. Cuvier, Tableau, 1798 54
L. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Polypterus, 1798 54
LI. Retzius, Lampris, 1799 54
LII. Shaw, Trachichthys, 1799 55
LIII. Cuvier, Anatomic, 1800 55
LIV. Lacepede, Poissons, I, II, 1798-1800 55
LV. Bloch & Schneider, Systema, 1801 57
LVI. Lacepede, Poissons, III, IV, V, 1802-03 60
LVII. Sewastianoff, Acarauna, 1802 68
LVIII. Commerson, in Lacepede, 1798-1803 69
LIX. Plumier, in Lacepede, 1798-1803 71
LX. Shaw, General Zoology, IV, V, 1803-04 73
LXI. Herrmann, Notistium, 1804 74
LXII. Giorna, Poissons, 1805 74
LXIII. Quensel, Flunderslagte, 1806 74
LXIV. Dumeril, Zoologie, 1806 75
LXV. Dumeril, Torpedo, 1806 y^
LXVI. Humboldt, Eremophilus, 1806 76
LXVII. Dumeril, Cyclostomes, 1808 76
LXVIII. Tilesius, Krusensterns Reise, 1809 76
LXIX. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Poissons du Nil, 1809 76
LXX. Pallas, Labra.v, 1810 yy
LXXI. Risso, Nice, 1810 yy
LXXII. Rafinesque, Caratteri, 1810 yy
LXXIII. Rafinesque, Indice, 1810 81
CONTENTS
LXXIV.
LXXV.
LXXVI.
LXXVII.
LXXVIII.
LXXIX.
LXXX.
LXXXI.
LXXXII.
LXXXIII.
LXXXIV.
LXXXV.
LXXXVI.
LXXXVII.
LXXX VIII.
LXXXIX.
XC.
XCI.
XCII.
XCIII.
XCIV.
xcv.
XCVI.
XCVII.
XCVIII.
XCIX.
c.
CI.
CII.
cm.
CIV.
cv.
CVI.
CVII.
CVIII.
CIX.
ex.
CXI.
CXI
CXII.
PAGE
Steller, in Tilesius, i8i i 83
Pallas, Zoographia, 181 1 83
Leach, Squalus, 1812 84
Montagu, Xiphotheca, 1812 84
Fischer, Zoognosia, 1813 84
Fischer, Eleginus, 1813 85
Leach, Hippocampus, 1814 85
Mitchill, Fishes of New York, 1814 86
Rafinesque, Leptopus, 1814 86
Rafinesque, N^etnochirus, 181 5 86
Rafinesque, Precis, 1814 87
Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815 87
Cuvier, Recherches, 1815 93
Blainville, Prodrome, 1816 94
Cuvier, Antennarius, 1817 96
Cuvier, Hydrocyon, 181 7- 19 96
96
96
106
106
107
107
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
no
no
Ill
113
113
114
114
114
115
115
116
Le Sueur, Catostomus, 1817
Cuvier, Rcgne Animal, Ed. I, 181 7
Oken, I sis, 1817
Cloquet, Dictionnaire, 181 7- 19
Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Suite, 1818
Le Sueur, New Species, 1818
Ranzani, Epidesmus, 181 8
Blainville, Dictionnaire, 1818
Rafinesque, Opsanus, 181 8
Rafinesque, Discoveries, 1818
Rafinesque, Further Discoveries, 1818. .
Rafinesque, Fluviatile Fishes, 1818
Rafinesque, Further Account, 1818
Rafinesque, Prodrome, 1818
Rafinesque, Hemiplus, 1820
Rafinesque, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820.
Tilesius, Australia, 1820
Risso, Alepocephalus, 1820
Goldfuss, Handbuch, 1820
Le Sueur, Mollienesia, 1821
Hamilton, Ganges, 1822
Leach & De la Heche, Dapedium, 1822. ,
(A ). Schinz, Thierreich, 1822 ,
Van Hasselt, Java, 1823
1- THE GENERA OF FISHES
PAGE
CXIII. Desmarest, Decade, 1823 116
CXIV. Nardo, Sqiiatinoraja, i8.?4 116
CXV. Mitchill, Saccopharynx, 1824 117
CXVI. Valenciennes, Cernie, 1824 117
CXVII. Otto, Propterygia, 1824 117
CXVIII. Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage Freyciuet, 1824 117
CXVIII (A). Harlan, Saurocephalus, 1824 118
CXIX. Konig, I cones, 1825 118
CXX. Bowdich, Fishes Madeira, 1825 119
CXXI. Risso, Europe Meridionale, 1826 119
CXXI (A). Germar, Geognosie, 1826 120
CXXII. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Mer Rouge, 1826 120
CXXIII. Kaup, Rachycentron, 1826 121
CXXIV. Nardo, Proctostegus, 1827 121
CXXV. Nardo, Aphanius, 1827 121
CXXVI. Harwood, Serpentiform Fish, 1827 121
CXXVII. Cloquet, Sandat, 182^ 122
CXXVIII. Riippell, Rothes Meer, 1828 122
CXXIX. Fleming, British Animals, 1828 122
CXXX. Stark, Natural Flistory, 1828 123
CXXXI. Lesson, Ichthyophis, 182S 123
CXXXII. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, II, 1828 123
CXXXIII. Bory de St. Vincent, Sandat, 1828 124
CXXXIII (A). Sedgwick & Murchison, Dipterus, 1828 125
CXXXIV. Cuvier, Rcgne Animal, Ed. II, 1829 125
CXXXV. Agassiz & Spix, Piscium Brasilianum, 1829 131
CXXXVI. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, IV, 1829 133
CXXXVII. Cocco, Argyropelecus, 1829 133
CXXXVIII. Cocco, Nyctophus, 1829 133
CXXXIX. Cocco, Schedophilus, 1829 133
CXL. Serville, Faune Frangaise, 1829 134
CXLI. Valenciennes, Osteolepis, 1829 134
CXLII. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, V, VI, 1830 134
CXLIII. Bennett, Sumatra, 1830 136
CXLIV. Brown, Fischarten, 1830 136
CXLV. Hays, Saurodon, 1830 136
CXLVI. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, VII, VIII, 1831. . . 136
CXLVII. Jardine, Acestra, 1831 137
CXLVIII. Gray, Twelve Genera, 1831 138
CXLIX. Gray, Hardwicke, India, 1831-33 138
CONTENTS 5
PACK
CL. Gray, Fish, China, 1831 139
CLI. Gray, Micropus, 1831 139
CLI (A). Lesson, La Coquille, 1830 140
CLII. Minding, Lehrhuch, 1832 140
CLIII. Nilsson, Prodromus, 1832 140
CLIV. Agassiz, Fischreste, 1832 140
CLV. Von Meyer, Palceologia, 1832 141
CLVI. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1832 141
CLVI (A). Rafinesque, Trinectes, 1832 142
CLVII. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, IX, 1833 142
CLVIII. Lowe, Alepisaurus, 1833 143
CLIX. Lowe, Leirus, 1833 143
CLX. Cocco, Tylosurus, 1833 143
CLXL Cocco, Mupus, 1833 143
CLXIL Cocco, Ruvettus, 1833 144
CLXIIL Nardo, Skeponopodus, 1833 144
CLXIV. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, 1833 144
Recapitulation 146
INTRODUCTION
The leading purpose of the Commission * of the International Con-
gress of Zoology is to give stability to nomenclature. To that end num-
erous cases of doubt have been resolved by the Commission. But the
work done thus far has been largely piecemeal, and by this method it
cannot be always made consistent with itself. Recently the Commission
has undertaken to fix generic names on a larger scale, covering, for ex-
ample, all those in use in a given group. In some small classes of ani-
mals this has been possible. In larger ones, it demands a study of the
literature more detailed than any one has yet attempted.
Recently efiforts have been made to secure stability by fiat, using
names more or less current, without serious regard to the law of priority.
To accept this plan would merely accentuate the confusion already exist-
ing and which has arisen through just such disregard of fundamental
rules.
It seems to us that the attempts thus far have mostly begun at the
wrong end. The need is not to confirm modern errors but to give nom-
enclature a solid basis for the long future. Stability must rest on a thor-
ough study of the foundations of biological nomenclature, after which
the Commission's authority can be used to confirm the results of such
studies.
There is no middle ground between using the oldest eligible names
in any given group and using whatever names we please. With the latter
*The International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature consists (May
1917) of the following persons:
Carl Apstein, Berlin; David Starr Jordan, Stanford Uni-
F. A. Bather, London; versity;
Joel A. Allen, New York J. H. Kolbe, Berlin ;
Raphael Blanchard, Paris, (President) ; F. S. Monticelli, Naples;
Ph. Dautzenberg, Paris; Dr. Roule, Paris;
Ernst Hartert, Tring, England ; S. Simon, Paris ;
Dr. Horvath, Budapest; Henry Skinner, Philadelphia;
W. Evans Hoyle, Cardiff; Leonhard Stejneger, Washington;
Dr. Handlirsch, Vienna; Charles Wardell Stiles, Washington,
Karl Jordan, Tring; (Secretary).
[7]
8 THE GENERA OF FISHES
alternative, Systematic Zoology and Botany would come to a condition
of hopeless despair. There can be no finality when the question of ac-
ceptance or rejection of names is left as a matter of personal preference.
Binomial nomenclature has its recognized beginning with the Tenth
Edition of the Systema Naturce of Linnaeus, pubUshed in 1758 with the
assumed date of January i. These names of Linneeus constitute the orig-
inal framework of Zoological Taxonomy. In the nomenclature of this
early period, there are two main elements of doubt: the first relates to
the eligibiUty of authors who have for one reason or another not accepted
the Linngean Code; next of authors whose works, published before the
Linnsean Code, have been revised more or less and reprinted after the
date of the Tenth Edition of the Systema Naturce. In all of these the
species are designated by a descriptive phrase, as was the custom before
Linnseus began the practice of "scientific bookkeeping" in Systematic
Zoology. The writings of Gronow, Schaefer, and Valmont de Bomare
come under the first of these heads; those of Klein (Gesellschaft
Schauplatz), Browne, Catesby, and Osbeck, under the other. Commer-
son and Plumier, whose manuscript names were pubUshed by an author
who did not accept them, come under a third head. It is the judgment
of the present writer, that the best interests of Ichthyology would have
been served by adopting the rule followed by Jordan & Evermann
{Fishes of North and Middle America, 1898). In this work all writers
who use polynomial phrases for the designation of species are disregarded
as factors in nomenclature, however regular their practice may be as to
genera. It is not a question of justice to able naturalists who, like
Gronow and Browne, failed to adopt the Linnaean Code, solely because
they had never heard of it. It is the convenience of future naturalists
which is now concerned. This would apparently be best served by the
exclusion of all these.
The arguments against such exclusion are mainly two : Brisson in
1760, polynomial as to species, had a stronger grasp on the significance
of genera than any other ornithologist of his time. He has been called
"the Father of Ornithology." Most students of birds wish to retain
Brisson's genera as foundation-stones in nomenclature. There are good
reasons for accepting Brisson as an exception. Similar exceptions may
be demanded in other groups. It is desirable, but not vitally necessary,
that all accepted rules be general, without exception ; but as a member
of the International Commission of Nomenclature, the present senior
author has made no objection to the recognition of Brisson. The other
argument is this : these writers have published generic names which
INTRODUCTION 9
appear in systematic lists, like that of Sherborne (Index Animalium).
The Commission has already approved the names of Gronow and Com-
merson. If the present Commission should decide to reject the whole
series of "irregulars," some future Commission may reverse the decision,
placing the element of priority above that of regularity. This possibility
we cannot forestall, while if once accepted there would be no successful
movement for their rejection. Previous decisions of the Commission, as
to Gronow and Commerson, point in the direction of general acceptance.
It is especially important to have the status of questioned authors
determined as soon as may be, not only for the convenience of ichthyol-
ogists but for workers in other fields which may be afifected by questions
of preoccupation.
More important than the question of acceptance or rejection of some
or all of the questioned genera, is the securing of a final decision. This
the Commission will be asked to make as soon as practicable. Pending
this decision it is perhaps wise for systematic workers to refrain from
acceptance of the names questioned.
The other problem is the assignment of generic types to the genera
of authors who had no conception of types. In doing this we have fol-
lowed as closely as may be the rules adopted by the Congress of Zool-
ogy, having especial regard to the "first reviser." In some cases we
have been in doubt on account of conflicting usages or even rules. But
in such cases the weight of authority of the Commission when exercised
should serve to turn the scale. With the authors subsequent to Cuvier,
1829, this matter rarely offers any embarrassment. The later authors
mostly look upon a genus, not as a pigeon-hole with arbitrary boun-
daries, but rather as a group of species, with certain definite structural
marks clustered around some definite species, the type of the genus.
The writer asks from his colleagues the fullest criticism both as
to matters of fact and of opinion, before placing the contents of this
paper formally before the International Commission. We would es-
pecially request information concerning omissions. There are no doubt
numerous generic names overlooked in dictionaries and in obscure
publications.
We have arranged in chronological order the generic names of fishes
published in the first seventy-five years of the history of ichthyological
taxonomy. The determination of the validity of genera is treated only
incidentally. Our main problem is the fixation of the type.
Stanfoiid University^ California, June i, 1917.
The Genera of Fishes from Linngeus to Cuvier
1758 to 1833
I. LINN^US, Systema Naturce, Ed. X, Vol. I, 1758.
Karl Linne (Carolus Linn^us).
The generic names of Linnaeus represent, with one change and two
or three additions, the system of Ichthyology as developed in 1738 by
his friend and fellow-student, Peter Artedi, a naturalist whose knowl-
edge of fishes was far greater than that of Linnaeus. The types of
most of the Linnaean genera have been accepted by common consent.
As a rule we have not questioned the current application unless com-
pelled to do so by the insistence of established rules.
Petromyzon Linnaeus, 230, after Artedi ; type Petromyzon marinus L.
Unquestioned.
Raja Linnaeus, 231, after Artedi; type Raja batis L.
Spelled also Raia, by authors.
Squalus Linnaeus, 231, after Artedi; type Squalus acanthi as L.
Restriction to S. acanthias and relatives, Rafinesque, Indice d'lttiologia Ski-
liana, 1810, 45, and by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 497. Gray, Cat.
Chond., 1851, following Bonaparte, 1838, uses the name Squalus for the allies of
Carcharhinus commersonianus. But this use of the name is no more a speci-
fication of a type than is that of Rafinesque, and the more formal choice of type
by Gill reinforces the former. Swainson, 1838, chooses Carcharodon carcharias L.
Chimaera Linnaeus, 236; type Chimera monstrosa L.
Unquestioned.
Lophius Linnaeus, 236, after Artedi ; type Lophius piscatorius L.
Unquestioned.
Acipenser Linnaeus, 237, after Artedi ; type Acipenser sturio L.
Unquestioned.
Muraena Linnaeus, 244, after Artedi ; type Mur^na Helena L,
Unquestioned, except by Bleeker, who takes as type Mur^na anguilla L.,
the first species named by Artedi.
[II]
12 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Gymnotus Linnaeus, 246, after Artedi ; type Gymnotus carapo L.
Unquestioned, except by certain authors who take as type Gymnotus elec-
TRicus L. which appears first in the Twelfth Edition of the Systema Natures.
Trichiurus Linnaeus, 246, after Lepturus Artedi; type Trichiurus
LEPTURUS L.
Monotypic.
Anarhichas Linnaeus, 247, after Artedi ; type Anarhichas lupus L.
Monotypic. Usually and more correctly spelled Anarrhichas.
Ammodytes Linnaeus, 247, after Artedi ; type Ammodytes tobianus L.
Monotypic.
Stromateus Linnaeus, 248, after Artedi ; type Stromateus fiatola L.
Unquestioned.
Xiphias Linnaeus, 248, after Artedi; type Xiphias gladius L.
Monotypic.
Callionymus Linnaeus, 249, after Artedi ; type Callionymus lyra L.
Unquestioned.
Uranoscopus Linnaeus, 250, after Artedi ; type Uranoscopus scaber L,
Monotypic.
Trachinus Linnaeus, 250, after Artedi; type Trachinus draco L.
Monotypic.
Gadus Linnaeus, 251, after Artedi; type Gadus morhua L.
By common consent.
Blennius Linnaeus, 256, after Artedi ; type Blennius ocellaris L. as
restricted by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.
Ophidion Linnaeus, 259, after Artedi ; type Ophidion barbatum L.
Unquestioned.
Cyclopterus Linnaeus, 260, after Artedi ; type Cyclopterus lumpus L.
Unquestioned.
Echeneis Linnaeus, 260, after Artedi ; type Echeneis naucrates L.
(misprinted neucrates).
First restriction by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 239. In 1864, loc.
cit. 60, Gill proposed to adopt as type Echeneis remora, this being the only species
noted by Artedi, and in Linnaeus's earlier writings. But as Linnaeus referred both
species to Echeneis, this change seems not warranted.
Coryphaena Linnaeus, 261, after Artedi; type Coryph^na hippurus L.
Unquestioned.
Gobius Linnaeus, 263, after Artedi; type Gobius niger L.
By common consent.
Cottus Linnaeus, 264, after Artedi ; type Cottus gobio L.
First restriction by Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, 142.
"Ce genre avait pour type primitive, un petit acanthopterygien de nos rivieres, a
LINN^US, 1758 13
tete large," etc. Later restricted to Cottus scorpius L. (Myoxocephalus Steller
=AcANTHOCOTTUS Girard), by Putnam, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, I, No. I, 3, 1863.
Scorpaena Linnaeus, 266, after Artedi ; type Scorp^na porcus L.
Unquestioned.
Zeus Linnaeus, 267, after Artedi ; type Zeus faber L.
Unquestioned.
Pleuronectes Linnaeus, 268, after Artedi ; type Pleuronectes platessa
L.
First restriction by Fleming, Philos. Zool., 1822. Some writers have taken
Pleuronectes maximus L. as type, following a quasi-designation by Fleming in
1828.
Chaetodon Linnaeus, 272, after Artedi ; type Ch^todon capistratus L,
First restriction by Cuvier, Regne Animal, 1817, ;is, and by Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis Fish xV. A., 1883. All authors, except Bleeker, have used the name for
the same group. Artedi places first in his list under Ch^todon the species called
Ch.«todon arcuatus, a Pomacanthus. Bleeker takes this species as type, re-
placing PoMACANTHUS with Ch^todon, and Ch^todon by Tetragonoptrus.
Sparus Linnjeus, 277, after Artedi ; type Sparus aurata L.
First restriction by Fleming, Philos. Zool., 1822. This decision has been gen-
erally, but not universally accepted.
Labrus Linnaeus, 282, after Artedi; type Labrus bimaculatus L., the
earliest type designated by Bonaparte (1839), under the name of
L. VETULUS Bloch.
By common consent restricted to Labrus viridis and closely allied forms.
Sciaena Linnaeus, 288; type Sci^na umbra L.
Complex species, to be considered as identical with Cheilodipterus aquila
Lacepede. First exact restriction by Cuvier, 1815. Sci^na umbra, based on
Artedi, is a mixture of two species, Sci^na aquila (Lac), and Corvina nigra
(Bloch). It is the proper type of the genus Sci^na, but its component parts are
not congeneric. The two species were confused until Cuvier (Mem. du Museum,
1815, and later in the Regne Animal, Edition II, 1829, made clear the difference and
definitely chose aquila as the type of Sciaena. Jordan & Evermann have adopted
Corvina nigra, under the name of Sci^na umbra, as type of Sci^na. An argu-
ment can be made for either arrangement, but convenience is best served and prob-
ably justice also by accepting the nam,e umbra for the species called aquila and
recognizing this as type of Sci^na. The two species concerned should then stand
as Sci^na umbra L. and Corvina nigra (Bloch). Bleeker has chosen as type
Sci^NA cirrosa, the species placed first by Artedi, the type of Umbrina Cuvier.
Perca Linnaeus, 289, after Artedi ; type Perca fluviatilis L.
By common consent.
Gasterosteus Linnaeus, 295, after Artedi; type Gasterosteus acule-
ATUS L.
By common consent.
14 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Scomber Linnaeus, 297, after Artedi ; type Scomber scombrus L.
By common consent.
Mullus Linnaeus, 299; type Mullus barbatus L.
By common consent.
Trigla Linnaeus, 300, after Artedi; type Trigla lyra L.
By common consent.
Cobitis Linnaeus, 300, after Artedi; type Cobitis t^nia L.
By common consent.
Silurus Linnaeus, 304, after Artedi ; type Silurus glanis L.
By common consent.
Loricaria Linnaeus, 307, type Loricaria cataphracta L.
Monotypic.
Salmo Linnaeus, 308, after Artedi ; type Salmo salar L.
By common consent.
Trutta Linnaeus, as "Trutt^," 308; type Salmo trutta L.
Type by tautonomy.
Osmerus Linnaeus, as "Osmeri," 310, after Artedi; type Salmo eper-
LANUS L.
By common consent.
Coregonus Linnaeus, as "Coregoni/" 310, after Artedi; type Salmo
LAVARETUS L.
By common consent.
Characinus Linnaeus, as "Characini," 311, after Gronow ; type Salmo
gibbosus L.
First restriction by Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1895, 215. Replaces Charax
Gronow, Epicyrtus Miiller & Troschel, Anacyrtus Giinther. Its use hinges on
its eligibility, as Linnsus used only the plural form Characini as a section
Salmo. If not accepted, Charax Gronow (1763), Scopoli (1777), would replace
it, with the same type. The same slight doubt applies to Trutta, Osmerus and
Coregonus, all used in the plural form only by Linnaeus. In our judgment all are
eligible.
Fistularia Linnaeus, 312; type Fistularia tabacaria L.
Monotypic.
Esox Linnaeus, 313; type Esox lucius L.
This type was indicated, somewhat arbitrarily, in Opinion 58 of the Interna-
tional Commission, accepting the view of Cuvier, and current usage both before
and after Linnseus. Klein chose the name Lucius for the Pike, this name being
adopted in the Gesellschaft Schauplatz. Rafinesque first separated the marine gar-
fishes from the pike, calling the former Esox, the latter Lucius. But neither ever
stated formally that Esox belone L. was the type of Esox. In view of the argu-
ments available on either side, we may "let sleeping dogs lie," and follow common
custom, strengthened by the authority of the Commission.
LINN^US, 1758 15
Argentina Linnseus, 315, after Gronow, (Museum Ichthyologicium, a
pre-Linnaean work) ; type Argentina sphyr^na L.
Monotypic.
Atherina Linnaeus, 315, after Artedi ; type Atherina hepsetus L.
Monotypic.
Mugil Linnaeus, 316, after Artedi; type Mugil cephalus L.
Monotypic.
Exocoetus Linnaeus, 316; type Exoccetus volitans L. = E. evolans
L. ( ^ Halocypselus Weinland).
Monotypic.
Polynemus Linnaeus, 317, after Gronow and Artedi; type Polynemus
PARADISEUS L.
The first real restriction seems to be that of Giinther, Cat. Fishes, II, i860,
319. No type is specified, but the non-congeneric species, P. quinquarius L., is
removed to form the genus Pentanemus, a name originally employed by Artedi,
but changed to Polynemus by Gronow. As this species, quinquarius, was
the only one known to Artedi or to Gronow, Dr. Gill, with numerous writers,
ourselves included, has regarded it as the type of Polynemus. But common usage
with the formal selection of P. paradiseus L. as type by Jordan & Gilbert,
Synopsis Fishes, 1883, should prevail.
Clupea Linnaeus, 317, after Artedi; type Clupea harengus L.
Unquestioned.
Cyprinus Linnaeus, 320, after Artedi; type Cyprinus carpio L.
Unquestioned.
Mormyrus Linnaeus, 327; type Mormyrus cyprinoides L.
Unquestioned.
Balistes Linnjeus, 327, after Artedi ; type Balistes vetula L.
Unquestioned.
Ostracion Linnaeus, 330; type Ostracion cubicus L.
As restricted by Swainson 1839, by Sleeker 1865, and in recent usage.
Unquestioned, except by Kaup, who takes as type O. triqueter L., a species
referred to Lactophrys Swainson. O. cubicus L. is type of Cibotion Kaup.
Tetraodon Linnaeus, 332, after Artedi ; type Tetraodon testudineus L.
This genus has been variously treated by authors, but justice and convenience
are best served by the choice of T. testudineus as type. Bleeker, Atlas Ichth.,
1865, appears to be the first reviser. He observes : "C'est une de ces especes qui
est devenue le type du genre Linneen ... en efifet le Tetraodon testudineus, qui
est la premiere des especes de Tetraodon de la Dixieme Edition du Systema
Naturcc." Several writers have since indicated as type T. lineatus L. a species of
Ovoides.
Diodon Linnaeus, 334, after Artedi ; type Diodon hystrix L.
Unquestioned, except by Bleeker, who takes the first species named, Diodon
atinga L.
16 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Centriscus Linnaeus, 336, after Gronow; type Centriscus scutatus L.
Monotypic, a fact overlooked by various authors who choose Centriscus
scoLOPAx L., 1766.
Syngnathus Linnaeus, 336, after Artedi ; type Syngnathus acus L.
By common usage. The earliest restriction as approved by the International
Commission is that of Jordan, Opinion, 45, 103, 1912.
Pegasus Linnaeus, 358, after Gronow ; type Pegasus volitans L.
Monotypic.
IL GUNNER, Nachricht von Berglachs, welche Coryph^noides rupes-
TRis genannt werden kann: Throndhjemske Selskab, Schriften
III, 1761.
JoHAN Ernst Gunner.
Coryphaenoides Gunner, 43, 50 ; type Coryph^noides rupestris Gun-
ner.
in. SCH^FER, Piscium Bavarico Ratisbonensium, 1761.
Jacob Christian Sch^fer.
The descriptions in this paper are exact and very elaborate ("in
universum describiendibus"). The nomenclature is eccentric — in part
mononomial, and the names are perhaps not exactly used in the sense of
genera. The perch is called Perca vulgaris and again Perca fluvia-
TILIS.
Names perhaps not eligible as mononomial:
Cernua Schaefer, 37 ; type Cernua seu perca fluviatilis minor Schae-
f er = Perca cernua L.
Equivalent, if accepted, to Gymnocephalus Bloch, Acerina Giildenstadt,
Cernua Fleming.
Schraitzer Schaefer, 38; type Schraitzer Ratisbonensium = Perca
schr^tzer L.
Equivalent to Leptoperca Gill.
Asperulus Schaefer 59; type Zindel ratisbonensis Schaefer = Perca
zingel L.
Equivalent to Zingel Oken.
Asper Schaefer 59; type Asper verus Schaefer, "Streber ratisbonensis"
= Perca asper L.
Equivalent to Aspro Cuvier, not of Commerson.
OS BECK, 1762 17
IV. OSBECK, Reise durch China, 1762.
Per Osbeck.
Osbeck, a pupil of Linnaeus, published in 1757 the record of his
travels in China. This work is wholly binomial, but being earlier than
1758, the Latin edition, "Iter Chinensis," iyS7^ cannot be used in nomen-
clature. The German edition, Reise durch China, bears the date of 1762,
and is here considered. A Swedish version dates from 1765, an English
edition from 1771. The case is exactly parallel with that of Hassel-
quist's "Iter Palestinum/' published in 1757, and reprinted in German
in 1762. Hasselquist, like Osbeck, was a pupil of Linnaeus, and adopted
the Linnaean Code. In Opinion 57, the Commission of Nomenclature re-
jected Hasselquist's work and its translation. "The German translation
by Gadebusch, published in 1762, does not give validity to the names
published in the original edition in 1757." The present writers question
the wisdom of this decision.
The names of Osbeck are questioned as translations of work prior to
1758.
Apocryptes Osbeck, 130, 1762; type Apocryptes chinensis Osbeck,
GoBius PECTiNiROSTRis GmeUn.
■ Apocrypytes is close to Boleophthalmus but distinct. xA.pocryptes Cuvier is
a different genus.
Albula Osbeck, 309, 1762; type Albula chinensis Osbeck.
Same as Salanx Cuvier, not Albula Gronow 1763. If accepted, the genus
commonly called Albula must receive a new name, Butyrinus Lacepede.
V. GRONOW, Zoophylaceum; Zoophylacii Gronoviana . . . Animalia
qua; in museo siio adservat, etc., 1763.
LoRENZ Theodor Gronow (Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius).
In this work of Gronow, printed in 1763, before its author had be-
come acquainted with the Sy sterna Naturce, the genera of fishes are well
defined, in a system which runs closely parallel with the system of Ar-
tedi (1738), but the species, as with Artedi, have polynomial designa-
tions only. In addition to the genera earlier named by Artedi and Lin-
naeus, Gronow has a number of new names. Two of these, Amia and
Hepatus, conflict with Linnsean genera of 1766. The completed manu-
18 THE GENERA OF FISHES
script work of Gronow, written in 1780, called Sy sterna Ichthyologicum,
in which binomial names were attached to species, after the Linnaean
fashion, became the property of the British Museum, by which institu-
tion it was published in 1854. This work, as edited by John Edward
Gray, does great credit to the scientific discrimination of Gronow ; but
at that late date, exactly a hundred years after Gronow's first paper,
"Museum Ichthyologicum/' nearly all of his new names became syno-
nyms.
Fortunately for the interests of nomenclature, most of Gronow's
names were adopted in 1777 by Scopoli, Introd. Hist. Nat. Several
other names have been used by subsequent authors, as Gmelin, Bloch
and Cuvier; so that the adoption of the names of Gronow works less
confusion in the system than might be expected. The suppression of
Amia, Liparis, Zoarces, Conger, and Scarus, with the transposition of
Amia, are the results most to be regretted. As the few new names of
Gronow have lain unnoticed for a century and a half, it seems a pity to
revive them. The present writer believes, as already stated, that it
would be a wise rule to exclude from the system all post-Linnsean
writers who failed to adopt the binary designation of species. As how-
ever Brisson, 1760, "the Father of Ornithology," was a writer of this
type, it may be possible to make an exception in his case, preserving his
genera of Birds. But Ichthyology gains little to atone for the confusion
resulting from the introduction at this late day of the names of Gronow,
Klein and other polynomial writers not hitherto absorbed into the sys-
tem. The generic names of Gronow have been, however, formally ac-
cepted by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
(Opinion 20, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Contributions, No. 1938) :
"Gronow, 1763, is binary, though not consistently binomial. Article 25 de-
mands that an author be binary and Article 2 demands that generic
names shall be uninomial. Under these articles, Gronow's names are to
be accepted as complying with the conditions prescribed by the Code
to render a name available under the Code."
The eligibility of the generic names of Gronow is questioned as not.
conforming to the Linncean code in the terminology of species.
Callorhynchus Gronow, 31 ; type Chimera callorhynchus L. (Cal-
LORHYNCHus PINNA DORSi etc. Gronow).
Unquestioned : accepted by later writers.
Cyclogaster Gronow, 55; type Cyclopterus liparis L. (Cyclogaster
BELGIS KRINGBURGK (GronOw).
The name Liparis used for this genus by Artedi in 1738 was changed to Cy-
GRONOW, 1763 19
CLOGASTER by Gronow. Liparis was restored by Scopoli in 1777, and has been used
by nearly all subsequent authors.
Gonorhynchus Gronow, 56; type Cyprinus gonorhynchus Gmelin.
Monotypic. The name was adopted by Schlegel, 1846, replacing Rhynch^us
Richardson. Also by Scopoli, 1777.
Uranoscopus Gronow, 57; type Cottus gobio L.
Synonym of Cottus L.
Cynasdus Gronow, 60; type Sparus aurata L. (Cyn^dus cauda lu-
NULATA etc. Gronow).
This genus is an assemblage of Sparoid fishes, essentially equivalent to Sparus
of Linnaeus, and includes species of several modern genera. Jordan (Smithson.
Publ. No. 1938 : Opinions on zoological nomenclature) has proposed to treat
Cyn^dus as a synonym of Sparus, having Sparus aurata as type.
Holocentrus Gronow, 65; type Holocentrus sogo Bloch (Holocen-
TRUS MAXILLA SUPERIORE LONGIORE GronOw).
This name, taken from Artedi, was revived by Scopoli, 1777, and by Bloch,
1790, who changed the spelling to Holocentrum, the form used by Artedi. This
neuter form has been used by most authors from Cuvier to Giinther.
Coracinus Gronow, 66; type Dipterodon capensis Guv. & Val. (Cora-
ciNus cauda-lunata Gronow).
Not Dipterodon Lacepede. If accepted, replaces Dichistius Gill.
Scarus Gronow, 67; type Labrus viridis L. (Scarus viridis Gronow),
This genus of Gronow unfortunately contains no species of the group later
called Scarus, the two other species enumerated being Cichlids from Surinam.
Callyodon Gronow, 72; type Scarus croicensis Bloch (Calliodon cap-
iTE SUBACUTO Gronow).
Callyodon, if eligible, must replace Scarus Forskal, 1775, as the name of this
large and wide-spread genus. The name Scarus of Gronow, applied to a species of
Labrus, antedates its use for a parrot-fish. The genus called Calliodon by Cuvier
(C. spiNiDENs), is distinct from Callyodon of Gronow (Calliodon of Bloch &
Schneider), and must stand as Cryptotomus Cope. Revived by Scopoli, 1777.
Enchelyopus Gronow, 77, after Klein; type Blennius viviparus L.
(Enchelyopus corpore lituris etc. Gronow).
This genus as proposed by Klein in 1744 contained a variety of fishes, eel-
shaped but with ventral fins. As used by Gronow it is practically equivalent to
ZoARCES Cuvier, and to this type it was restricted by Gill, 1863. Enchelyopus
Bloch & Schneider (type Gadus cimbrius L., a species unknown to Gronow),
should stand as Rhinonemus Gill. Enchelyopus Gronow must unfortunately
supersede Zoarces Cuvier.
Pholis Gronow, 78; type Blennius gunnellus L. (Pholis maculis
ANNULATUS etc. Gronow).
Revived by Scopoli, 1777. Replaces Mur^noides Lacepede and Gunnellus
Cuvier, (not Pholis Cuv. & Val.). Monotypic.
20 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Amia Gronow, 80; type Apogon moluccensis Cuv. & Val. (Amia caput
CATHEOPLATEUM GronOw).
Equivalent to Apogon Lacepede, 1802.
Eleotris Gronow, 83 ; type Gobius pisonis Gmelin = Eleotris gyrinus
Cuvier & Valenciennes (Eleotris capite plageoplateo etc.
Gronow ) .
The name Eleotris was used for the same group by Bloch & Schneider in
1801, and by all later authors.
Clarias Gronow, 100; type Clarias orontis Giinther (Clarias Gronow).
Accepted by Scopoli, 1777, and by other writers. Monotypic.
Albula Gronow, 102; type Esox vulpes L. = Albula conorhynchus
Bloch & Schneider.
Revived by Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Antedated by Albula Osbeck. Equiva-
lent to BuTYRiNUS Lacepede. Also used by Scopoli, 1777.
Aspredo Gronow, 102, after Linnaeus, 1754; type Silurus aspredo L.
(AsPREDO ciRRis ocTO Gronow).
Anableps Gronow ; type Cobitis anableps L.
Anostomus Gronow, 112; type Salmo anostomus L. (Anostomus
Gronow).
Adopted by Miiller & Troschel, 1845. Equivalent to Schizodon Agassiz, 1829.
Monotypic. Revived by Scopoli, 1777.
Synodus Gronow, 112; type Salmo synodus L.
This genus, equivalent to Saurus Cuvier, was revived by Scopoli, i777-
Monotypic.
Hepatus Gronow, 113; type Teuthis hepatus L. = Ch^t odon chir-
URGUS Bloch, not Acanthurus hepatus Cuv. & Val. (Hepatus
MUCRONE REFLEXO GronOw).
Hepatus Gronow is based on two species, on which two Linnaeus based his
genus Teuthis. The latter is a substitute for the former, and the two were ac-
cepted as identical by Scopoli. Of the two species mentioned by Gronow, hepatus
L. and javus L., Gronow had, according to Dr. Giinther, a specimen of the first.
This we may take as type of both Hepatus and Teuthis hepatus. This example
belonged to the species called later Ch^todon chirurgus by Bloch. This species
must be regarded as the type of the genus Hepatus. Cuvier & Valenciennes have
used the name Hepatus L. for an East Indian species, Colocopus lambdurus Gill.
They were mistaken in supposing that this species was the one examined by Gronow.
The restriction here made is that of the first reviser, Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder,
Cat. Fish Japan, 1913, 214. If accepted, Hepatus replaces Teuthis and Acan-
thurus.
Umbra (Kramer) Gronow, 114; type Cyprinodon krameri Walbaum.
(Umbra krameri Gronow).
Revived by Scopoli, 1777, and Miiller, 1842, as Umbra crameri Miiller.
GRONOW, 1763 21
Erythrinus Gronow, 114; type Salmo erythrinus Bloch & Schneider,
1801 (= Erythrinus Gronow).
The name was revived by Miiller & Troschel, 1846, and is in general use.
Monotypic. Used also by Scopoli, 1777.
Cataphractus Gronow, 115; type Pegasus draconis L. (Cataphractus
coRPORE tetragone Gronow).
This genus is a synonym of Pegasus L.
Solenostomus Gronow, 119; type Fistularia tabacaria L. (Solen-
OSTOMUS CAUDA BiFURCA etc, Gronow).
Solenostomus is equivalent to Fistularia. The genus Solenostomus Lace-
pede, 1803, typified by Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, must receive a new name, if
the names of Gronow are accepted.
Charax Gronow, 123; type Salmo gibbosus L. (Charax maxilla in-
feriore etc. Gronow).
This name is equivalent to Characini L.=Epicyrtus Miiller & Troschel, 1846,
said to be preoccupied, and Anacyrtus Giinther, 1864, presented as a substitute for
Epicyrtus, all with the same type. Charax Risso (C. puntazzo) belongs to the
very different family Sparid.e. Revived by Scopoli, 1777.
Mystus Gronow, 124; type Bagrus halepensis Guv. & Val. (Mystus
cirris octo capite longioribus Gronow).
The genus Mystus as defined by Gronow contains five species, not congeneric.
The name is taken from Russell's History of Aleppo, who describes the species
called Bagrus or Hypselobagrus halepensis as Mystus. Of the generic names
included, that of Hypselobagrus Giinther, 1864, is the most recent. The species
named "Mystus" by Russell may be taken as the type of "Mystus" which will,
if accepted, supersede Hypselobagrus. Mystus Lacepede, 1805, (Mystus clupe-
oiDES Lacepede) is a species of Coilia Gray, 1831, an Engraulid fish. Also Scopoli.
Plecostomus Gronow, 127, after Artedi; type Loricaria plecostomus
L. (Plecostomus dorso dipterygio Gronow).
If accepted, replaces Hypostomus Lacepede ; it is now in general use.
Callichthys Gronow, 127; type Silurus callichthys L. (Callichthys
cirris Gronow).
Unquestioned, being accepted by later writers.
Mastacembelus Gronow, 132; type Ophidium simack Walbaum, 1792
= Rhynchobdella haleppensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
(Mastacembelus maxillis subacutis Gronow).
Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes. The generic name Rhynchobdella Bloch
& Schneider included both species assigned by Gronow to Mastacembelus. In
dividing the group, Cuvier & Valenciennes assigned the former name to Ophidium
aculeatum Bloch, Gronow's second species, leaving Mastacembelus for his first.
Before Gronow, Klein, 1744, had used the name Mastacembelus for an entirely
different group. In this he had been followed by Bleeker, who recognized, at first,
generic names of earlier date than 1758.
22 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Channa Gronow, 135 ; type Channa orientalis Bloch & Schneider,
1801 (Channa Gronow).
This monotypic genus was accepted by Bloch & Schneider, 1801, and Scopoli.
Gasteropelecus Gronow, 135; type Clupea sternicla L. (Gastero-
PELECUS Gronow).
Monotypic. The name was revived by Pallas in 1769.
Leptocephalus Gronow, 135 ; type Leptocephalus morrisi Gmelin, the
larva of Mur^na conger L. (Leptocephalus Gronow).
This name, based on a larval conger, and revived by Scopoli in 1777, is held
to replace Conger Houttuyn, 1764, and of Cuvier, 1817, given to the adult of the
same species. As Leptocephalus has been in use more than a century as the col-
lective name of the peculiar translucent expanded larvae of the Conger and other
eels, it would be well to restrict its use to those forms, reserving the genus to
which the type belongs, the earliest name given to the adult fish, Conger Houttuyn.
Gymnogaster Gronow, 136; type Trichiurus lepturus L. (Gymno-
gaster Gronow).
Equivalent to Trichiurus L. Monotypic.
Pteraclis Gronow, 136; type Coryph^na velifera Pallas, 1770 (Pter-
ACLis PiNNATA Gronow) 1777.
The name Pteraclis was used by Gronow, 1772. It is monotypic and unques-
tioned.
VI. LINN^US, Museum Adolphi-Frederici, II, 1764.
Carolus Linn^us.
Cepola Linnaeus, 63; type Cepola rubescens L. = C. t^nia L. (also
in Syst. Nat., 1766.)
VII. HOUTTUYN, Natuurlike Historie volgens den Heer Linnceus,
1764.
Martin Houttuyn.
This work we have not seen. Mr. Garman (in lit.) quotes:
Conger Houttuyn, VII, 103 ; type Mur^na conger L.
This name might well be retained for the Conger eel, leaving Leptocephalus
to its time-honored special use as a designation for the larval forms of Conger and
similar eels.
Torpedo Houttuyn, VII, 453; type (not named) Raja torpedo L.
Apparently this fixes the name Torpedo on the Electric Ray.
LINN^US, 1766 23
VIII. LINN^US, Systema Natures, Ed. XII, 1766.
Carolus Linn^us.
This edition contains four genera in addition to those given in the
Tenth Edition.
Cepola Linnaeus, 445 ; type C. t^nia L. = C. rubescens L.
Unquestioned.
Amia Linnaeus, 500; type A. calva L.
The generic name Amia appears in the Twelfth Edition of the Systema
NaturcE, in 1766. It had been used earlier by Gronow, in 1763, for a percoid genus,
later called Apogon by Lacepede.
In the opinions already rendered by the Commission, it was decided that the
generic names in Gronow's Zoophylaceum, published in 1763, between the tenth
and twelfth editions of the Systema Naturce, should be adopted, although his names
for species were polynomial. Gronow was an excellent ichthyologist, with broader
knowledge than Linnaeus, and later adopted the Linnaean nomenclature. In view of
the fact that his names are not in current usage, and that he had not then accepted
binomial nomenclature, most recent authors have rejected them, unless revived by
some binomial writer. The transfer of Amia from the ganoid to a percoid genus
is, however, peculiarly undesirable, and it may be urged that general convenience
justifies a special exception in this case. If Amia be used for Apogon, Amia L. is
replaced by Amiatus Rafinesque, 1815.
Teuthis, 507, after Browne ; type Ch^todon c^ruleus Bloch = Teu-
THis HEPATUS L. in part.
The name Teuthis was applied by Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of the Sys-
tema Naturcp, to the two species which formed the genus Hepatus of Gronow, in
1765. These were named Teuthis hepatus and Teuthis javus. The name
Teuthis was borrowed from Browne, a non-binomial author. The two Linnaean
species belong to different families. The species first named hepatus may be re-
garded as the type of Hepatus, as already indicated. The name Teuthis should
properly go with T. hepatus, as the name is borrowed from Browne, who applied
it to a single species, confused with Teuthis hepatus by Gronow and Linnaeus, the
Ch.etodon c^ruleus of Bloch. This species is a near relative of the type of
Hepatus. This decision follows the arguments of Dr. Gill. It is reasonable, but
not above question. Meanwhile several authors, notably Cantor and Giinther, use
Teuthis for T. javus (Siganus Forskal), while others suppress it altogether.
Still others misspell it, as Theutys, Theutis, etc.
Elops Linnaeus, 508; type Elops saurus L.
Monotypic.
24 THE GENERA OF FISHES
IX. MULLER, Delineationes Natures, II, 1767, 141 (fide Sherborne,
Index Animalium).
Philip Ludwig Statius Muller.
Not seen by us.
Acus Muller, 141 ; type probably Syngnathus acus L.
Equivalent to Syngnathus L.
Orbis Muller, 141 ; type probably Diodon hystrix L.
Equivalent to Diodon L.
We copy these references from Sherborne. In a memoir by Professor Miiller,,
1774, vol. Ill, p. 341, Acus appears as a specific name under Syngnathus acus,
and again, 1774, IV, 341, as a vernacular under Esox belone. Under Diodon
HYSTRIX (III, 327) he quotes "Orbis maximus spinosus." Mr. Garman, who gives
us these references, remarks : "I would say that neither of these is available as a
generic name." Neither is used in Miiller's supplement to the Systema Natures,.
1776.
X. GEOFFROY, Descriptions de 719 Plantes etc., 1767.
fixiENNE Louis Geoffroy.
This paper we have not seen. We copy from Sherborne.
Ichthyocolla Geoffroy, 399; type presumably Acipenser huso L.
The name, meaning fish-glue, was early applied to the fish producing it. Prior
to Huso Brandt, as a name for a subgenus of sturgeons.
Harengus Geoffroy, 405 ; type presumably Clupea harengus L., in
which case it is a synonym of Clupea.
Lucius Geoffroy, 407; type presumably Esox lucius L.
Trutta Geoffroy, 719; type presumably Salmo trutta L.
XL VALMONT DE BOMARE, Dictionnaire Raisonne Universe!
d'Histoire Naturelle, 1764, 1768, 1774, 1791.
Jean Christophe Valmont de Bomare.
The eligibility of Valmont's names is questioned as binomial only by
accident, and not accepted as genera by the author himself in 1791.
Of this work we have examined four editions, the first bearing date
of 1764; the "new edition," considerably enlarged, of 1768; the second
VALMONT DE BOM ARE, 1 764 2S
edition, apparently mostly identical with the "new edition," 1775; and
the fourth, still larger, in 1791.
The dictionary received no consideration in ichthyological nomencla-
ture until the appearance of the elaborate treatise on the sharks of the
world, "Plagiostomia"' by Samuel Garman, (Memoirs of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. XXXVI, 1913).
In this work Mr. Garman makes brief reference to Valmont de
Bomare as a worthy author hitherto ignored in taxonomy. "The selec-
tion of one authority because he favored binomials more than another,
has led to much uncertainty among names and to many changes. It has
led authors to belittle and to ignore excellent works which at their time
of publication and much later ranked in accuracy and influence among
the first of the scientific publications of this period." Mr. Stejneger in-
forms me that a Danish edition of this Dictionary exists.
An examination of four editions of the Dictionnaire of Valmont de
Bomare shows it to be a compilation pure and simple, that he did not in-
tend to give any new scientific names to animals or plants, but that, in a
few cases, he copied binomial appellations from earlier authors which
might be construed as revived in a scientific sense.
It is therefore worth while to examine these cases in detail.
First Edition, 1764.
In the first edition, bearing date of 1764, there is no case of the use
of anything resembling scientific nomenclature, although Valmont often
gives a Latin equivalent to his French names. It is evident, however,
that the work of Artedi, Klein, Gronow, and Linnseus in which genera
and species are formally recognized, is unknown to him.
Thus, accompanied by fair descriptions compiled from other authors,
he gives the following:
"AiOL, en Latin, Scarus, un des plus beaux," etc. (vol. I, p. 95).
"Alose, Alosa, poisson de mer qui remonte" (vol. I, p. 105).
"Anchois, en Latin, Apua, petit poisson," etc. (I, 13, 3).
"Anguille, Anguilla, poisson allonge," etc. (vol. I, p. 133).
"Congre, Conger, excellent poisson," etc. (vol. II, p. 58).
"Daurade, Aurata vulgaris, Espece de poisson," etc. (vol. II, p.
225).
"fipiNOCHE, PiSCIS ACULEATUS (vol. II, p. 306).
"Glaucus, bien des ichthyologues donnent ce nom a trois sortes de
poissons, I au Derbio, 2 au Liche, 3 au veritable Glaucus/' etc. (vol.
II, p. 512).
26 THE GENERA OF FISHES
"Hareng, Halec, Les harengs sont des poissons de passage," etc.
(vol. II, p. 6io).
"ToRPiLLE, Torpedo ou Tremble, Torpedo poisson/' etc. (p. 458).
"Grappe marine, Uva marina."
These are plainly not scientific names. While the writer evidently
grasps more or less clearly the meaning of genus and species, he has no
conception of binomial nomenclature, as distinct from Latin equivalents
of the vernacular names in French. Thus no one would take "Piscis
aculeatus" as a generic and specific name for the stickleback or Uva
marina for the Alga (Sargassum) known as Sea-Grape. Further
along (Edition II) occurs "Poisson petrifiee'' indicated as 'Tchthyo-
lithus," which certainly is not the name of any genus. No scientific
names, generic or specific, can be held to bear date from this first edi-
tion, 1764, of the dictionary of Valmont de Bomare.
"NouvELLE Edition," 1768, and "Edition II," 1775.
The "Nouvelle edition," dated 1768, is the one examined by Mr. Gar-
man. Except for the paging it seems substantially identical with the
edition of 1775, formally called the "second." It has a few binomial
terms, mostly among the sharks. The use of Latin equivalents for the
French vernacular is still continued, but these assume more frequently a
binomial form, especially in the rather elaborate index. The first edition
(octavo) contains no index.
In the editions of 1768 and 1775 the only new names to be consid-
ered are Galeus, Mustelus, Vulpecula, and Catulus.
On page 116 (Edition II) we read:
"Cagnot bleu, galeus glaucus. Grand poisson cartilagineux de la
famille des chiens de mer." Then follows a fair account of the Great
Blue Shark (Squalus glaucus L. ; Prionace glauca of recent writers),
taken from the description of the "Chien de mer bleu" of Rondelet (de
Piscibus, 1558, p. 296). Rondelet begins "Galeus glaucus, en Langue-
doc, Cagnot bleu, poisson cartilagineux," etc. He uses the name "Chien
de mer," or Galeus in a general sense, including the "Aiguillat" (Acan-
THiAs), the Emissole, ("Galeus l^vis"), the "Chien de Mer fitoile,
Galeus asterias," the "Melandre, Galeus canis," and the "Chien de
Mer bleu, Galeus glaucus."
The other sharks are treated under diflFerent heads by Valmont. The
entire arrangement appears in the index to the same volume,
"Cagnot bleu, Galeus glaucus," does not appear in the Fourth
Edition (1791).
VALMONT DE BOMARE^ 1 768 27
On page cxxxvii "Mustellus'' is defined :
"Espece de Chien de mer, c'est le Galeus stellatus des auteurs."
The name Squalus mustelus L. was mostly based on Artedi's refer-
ences to the "fimissole" or unspotted dog-fish, the Galeus l^vis of
Rondelet and Valmont. The specific name mustelus should remain
with that species. On the "l.^vis" the name Mustelus of Linck in
1790 was clearly based. The same species, the "fimissole Commune," is
clearly the type of Mustelus Cuvier ( 1817). But if the name Mustelus
Valmont be accepted, its type must be the dog-fish with round spots,
Squalus stellatus of Risso, Mustelus asterias Valmont.
On page ccxxii of the Index occurs the name "Renard Marin,
Vulpecula marina." This is apparently borrowed from Willughby
and it refers to Alopias vulpinus, the "Sea Fox" of modern authors.
The name is not a "scientific" term, but merely a Latin rendering of the
vernacular.
Catulus rests on Catulus vulgaris, which is Scylliorhinus can-
icuLA L. But the name is not available in any case, being preoccupied
by Catulus Kniphof, a genus of insects.
In the fourth edition (1791) Valmont gives a Hst of the genera of
fishes. All those of Linnaeus (1766) are enumerated, but no others and
none of his own names are included in the list. Evidently he did not
regard himself as having made additions to scientific nomenclature.
The eligibility of Valmont' s names is questioned as binomial only by
accident, and not accepted as genera by the author himself in i/pi.
Galeus Valmont de Bomare, I, 371, 1768; type Squalus glaucus L.
"Cagnot bleu, galeus glaucus," with description.
If regarded as eligible Galeus will replace Prionace and Cynocephalus.
Vulpecula Valmont de Bomare, III, 740, 1768; type Vulpecula mar-
ina" Valmont = Squalus vulpinus Bonnaterre = Squalus vul-
PES Gmelin.
"Vulpecula marina; renard marin;" with description.
If eligible, Vulpecula will replace Alopias Rafinesque, 1810.
Catulus Valmont de Bomare, IV, 51, 1768; type Squalus caniculus
L. (Catulus major vulgaris Ray).
According to Sherborne, Index Animalium, it is preoccupied by Catulus Knip-
hof, De. Pedic, p. 16, 1759, a genus of insects. Equivalent to Scylliorhinus
Blainville.
Mustelus Valmont de Bomare, Ed. II, 746, 1768, and Ed. Ill, 1775,
Ixxxi ; type Galeus asterias Valmont = Mustelus canis
Mitchill, 1815 = Mustelus stellatus Risso, 1826.
"Galeus asterias aut Mustelus stellaris. Chien de mer a taches rondes."
28 THE GENERA OF FISHES
XIII. GOUAN, Historia Piscium, 1770.
Antoine Gouan.
Trachipterus Gouan, 104 ; type Trachipterus gouani = Cepola
TRACHYPTERA Gmelin.
Lepadogaster Gouan, 105; type Lepadogaster gouani Gouan.
Lepidopus Gouan, 107; type Lepidopus gouani Gouan (Trichiurus
CAUDATUS Euphrasen).
XIV. KCELREUTER, Piscium Rarorum; Novi Comm. Act. Petropolit.
VIII, 1770.
Joseph Gottlieb Koelreuter.
Mola Koelreuter, 337; type Mola aculeata Koelreuter.
Antedates Mola Cuvier.
XV. FORSTER, Catalogue of Animals of North America, 1771.
John Reinhold Forster.
Remora Forster, 20; type Echeneis remora L.
Equivalent to Remora of Catesby and of Gill.
XVI. BRUNNICH, Collectio Nova Scriptorum Societatis Scientiarum
Hafnensis, 1771.
M. T. Brunnich.
Regalecus Brunnich, III, 418; type Regalecus remipes Brunnich
(Ophidium glesne Ascanius).
Also described in 1788.
XVII. CATESBY and EDWARDS, Natural History of Carolina,
Florida and the Bahama Islands, 1731-1750, by Mark Catesby;
Edition Second, 1771, by George Edwards.
CATESBY & EDWARDS, 1 77 1 29
The large folio volume in which Mark Catesby published the record
of his visit to the Bahamas and other parts of America has had an im-
portant place in the history of American Ichthyology. Numerous edi-
tions of this work with the same plates have been pubUshed in German,
French and English.
Two of these, the Edwards' Edition of 1771, and the edition quoted
as "Catesby, Pise. Imag., Etc., in 1777," are subsequent to Linnaeus and
may perhaps deserve consideration in nomenclature, although apparently
not eligible in view of Opinion 57, which regards the post-Linncean trans-
lation of Hasselquist as ineligible. These editions contain tables showing
the Linnsean names of Catesby's species. Except as an evidence of "re-
vision," these have no bearing on Catesby's "genera." If the generic
names with polynomial specific names, of Gronow, Klein, and others are
accepted, we can hardly refuse notice to the Latin nouns used by Catesby
as republished by Edwards. These nouns have the force of genera, and
being built about actual specimens they are mostly monotypic ; while
those of Gronow and Klein are subdivisions of a system, each covering
as a rule many species. The names of Catesby are listed as genera in
Sherborne's Index Animalium by an author who is rather critical of Latin
vernaculars. But Catesby v/rote before Artedi and Linnaeus had framed
the idea of a genus. He was not therefore consciously engaged in
the differentiation of generic groups. He was not, to borrow a phrase
from Mr. Stejneger, "playing the game." For this reason it seems to
us that his names should not be admitted to the system. It is, however,
very important to have a decision once for all in this matter.
The names in Edwards' Catesby are of doubtful eligibility as being
Latin vernacular nouns rather than genera, and as a reprint virtually un-
changed of a pre-Linncean work.
Umbla Catesby, i ; type Esox barracuda Shaw (Sphyr^na picuda
Bloch & Schneider). "Umbla minor, maxima maxillis longi-
ORiBUS, the Barracuda" Catesby.
Equivalent to Sphyr^na and prior to it, if accepted in the system.
Mormyrus Catesby, 2; type Ul^ma lefroyi (Goode). "Mormyrus ex
ciNEREO nigricans, the Bone-fish" Catesby.
Identification somewhat uncertain. The name in any event is subsequent to
Mormyrus L.
Saurus Catesby, 2; type Salmo fcetens L. "Saurus ex cinereo ni-
gricans, the Sea Sparrow Hav/k" Catesby.
Identical with Synodus Gronow, 1763.
30 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Albula Catesby, 6; type Mugil curema Cuv. & Val. ("Albula baha-
MENSis Catesby).
A synonym of Mugil L., subsequent to Albula Gronow, 1763, and Albula
Osbeck, 1761.
Hirundo Catesby, 8; type Cypselurus sp., "Hirundo" Catesby.
Not Hirundo L., 1758, a genus of Swallows.
Turdus Catesby, 9; type Lutianus griseus (L.) "Turdus finnis
branchialibus carens, the Mangrove Snapper" Catesby.
Not Turdus, 1758, a genus of Thrushes.
Alburnus Catesby, 12 ; type Cyprinus americanus L. = Menticirrus
americanus. "Alburnus americanus, the CaroHna Whiting''
Catesby, type of Cyprinus americanus L., Syst. Nat., X, 321.
If accepted, the genus Alburnus must replace Menticirrus Gill, and the genus
of Cyprinid^ called Alburnus by Rafinesque and Agassiz must receive another
name.
Cugupuguacu Catesby, 14; refers to Epinephelus maculosus (Cuv.
& Val.). ("Cugupuguacu brazil, the Hind" Catesby).
Catesby's fish is not that called Cugupuguacu by Marcgrave. If this barbarous
name be allowed it will replace Epinephelus. But it is evident that Cugupuguacu,
Petimbuabo and Acarauna are not in any sense generic names, but attempts on
the part of Catesby to identify his species with those called in Brazil by these
vernacular names. In the case of Acarauna, Catesby is himself doubtful. Even
in case names used in an actual generic sense, as Umbl.a., Aurata, Unicornis were
allowed, Cugupuguacu and Acarauna should be rejected.
Saltatrix Catesby, 14; type Gasterosteus saltatrix L., which is based
on Catesby's figure, ("Saltatrix, the Skipjack").
If allowed, will replace Pomatomus Lacepede, 1802.
Suillus Catesby, 15; type Lachnolaimus suillus Cuvier, "Suillus"
Catesby, based on Catesby's figure.
If allowed, Suillus will replace Lachnolaimus Cuvier.
Aurata Catesby, 16; type Calamus calamus (Cuv. & Val.). "Aurata
BAHAMENSis, the Porgy," Catesby.
Not Aurata Fleming, 1828, which is Sparus L. If allowed, Aurata will re-
place Calamus Swainson.
Salpa Catesby, 17; type Sparus synagris L. (Lutianus synagris,
based on "Salpa purpurascens variegata, the Lane Snapper,"
Catesby.
Prior to Salpa Forskal, 1775. If allowed, Salpa would replace Neom^nis or
Lutianus and perhaps add further to the confusion among the Salpoid Tunicates,
although it is claimed that an earlier name, Dagysa, must replace Salpa Forskal.
CATESBY & EDWARDS, 1 77 1 31
Novacula Catesby, i8; type Scarus c^ruleus Bloch. "Novacula cm-
RULEA, the Blue-fish," Catesby.
Name a synonym of Callyodon Gronow, but prior to Novacula Cuvier, which
is a synonym of Xyrichthys Cuvier.
Petimbuabo Catesby & Edwards, i8; refers to Fistularia tabacaria
L. "Petimbuabo brazil, the Tobacco Pipe-fish," Catesby.
A synonym of Fistularia L., but obviously not intended as a generic name.
Unicornis Catesby, 19; type Osbeckia scripta (Osbeck). "Unicornis
piscis bahamensis, the Bahama Unicorn-fish," Catesby.
If accepted, would replace Osbeckia Jordan & Evermann.
Bagre Catesby, 23; type Silurus catus L. (Ameiurus catus L.)
"Bagre secund^ speciei Marcgravei affinis, the Cat-fish,"
Catesby.
If accepted, Bagre must replace Ameiurus.
Harengus Catesby, 24; type Clupea sardina Poey. "Harengus
MINOR bahamensis, the Pilchard," Catesby.
Equivalent to Harengula Cuv. & Val., and, if allowed, would replace the latter.
Anthea Catesby, 25 ; refers to Mesoprion analis Cuv. & Val. A spe-
cies of Neom^nis, Girard. "Anthea quartus rondeleti, the
Mutton-fish," Catesby.
Not intended as a generic name, being wrongly identified with the fourth
Anthia of Rondelet.
Remora Catesby, 26; type Echeneis remora L. "Remora, the Suck-
ing-fish," Catesby.
Equivalent to Remora Forster, and of Gill.
Solea Catesby, 2y ; type Pleuronectes lunatus L., based on Catesby's
figure. "Solea lunata et punctata, the Sole," Catesby.
Not Solea of Klein nor of subsequent writers. If allowed, Solea would replace
Platophrys ; and Solea of Klein, Quensel, Rafinesque and Cuvier would require
a new name.
Orbis Catesby & Edwards, 28; type Tetraodon testudineus L. "Or-
Bis L.EVIS variegatus, the Globe-fish," Catesby.
A synonym of Tetraodon L.
Psittacus Catesby, 29; type Labrus catesb^i Lacepcde. "Psittacus
piscis viridis bahamensis, the Parrot-fish," Catesby.
Not Psittacus L., 1758, a genus of parrots.
Acus Catesby, 30 ; type Esox osseus L. ' "Acus maxima squamosa
viridis, the Green Gar-fish," Catesby.
Equivalent to Psalisostomus Klein and Lepisosteus Lacepede.
32 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Acarauna Catesby, 31 ; refers to Holacanthus cilaris L. "An aca-
RAUNA MAJOR PINNIS CORNUTIS AN PARU BRASILIENSIBUS ?, the
Angel-fish," Catesby.
This name cannot be used to replace Holacanthus as it represents a very
doubtful identification on the part of Catesby ; not at all a generic division.
Vipera Catesby, 9, Appendix ; refers to Vipera marina Catesby
(Chauliodus sloani Bloch & Schneider).
As it is a fish, it cannot belong to the genus Vipera L. Vipera marina is
apparently merely a vernacular name, sea-viper or viper-fish being intended.
Cataphractus Catesby, 9, Appendix ; type Silurus cataphractus L.
= Doras cataphractus of authors = Cataphractus ameri-
canus Catesby.
This name, being preoccupied, cannot replace Doras Lacepede.
XVIII. GULDENSTADT, Acerina piscis ad PerccB genus pertinens:
Nov. Comm. Acad. Petropol., 1774, XIX.
Anton Johann von Guldenstadt.
Not seen by us.
Acerina Giildenstadt, 455; type Perca cernua L. (Acerina kabir
Giildenstadt).
Equivalent to Cernua Schsefer.
XIX. Descriptiones Animalium quce in Itinere Orientali Ohservavit,
by Petrus Forskal (edited after the death of the author
by Carsten Niebuhr). 1775.
Siganus Forskal, X ; type Scarus rivulatus Forskal.
No definition. This genus has been of late years generally called Teuthis, but
apparently this Linnsean name should remain with the group for which Browne
first used it.
Torpedo Forskal, 1775, 16; type Raja torpedo (not of Linnaeus) =
Silurus electricus Gmelin, Malapterurus electricus Lacepede.
Forskal describes the Electric Cat-fish of the Nile under the erroneous name
of Raja torpedo L. He questions whether it might be allied to Mormyrus or
whether it might find a place among the torpedoes of Rondelet, or might it be type
of a new genus. "Aut potius novum constituere genus. Certe determinatur tor-
pedinis character genericus : Piscis branchiostegus : apertura lineari, obliqua
supra pinnae pectorales ; corpore nudo : pinnis ventralibus seu abdominalibus ;
dentibus numerosissimis densis, subulatis." This statement leaves no question as
FORSKAL, 1775 33
to the species in mind, but Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764, if available, is of still earlier
date.
Salaria Forskal, X and 22; type (without specific name) = Blennius
BASILISCUS L.
The genus is equivalent to Blennius L. Not Salarias Cuvier.
Scarus Forskal, 25; type Scarus psittacus Forskal.
The type no doubt intended was Labrus scarus L., of the Mediterranean "an-
tiquo nomine oxdgog" ; but that species was not mentioned by Forskal, and another
must be taken as the type. The name Scarus was earlier used by Gronow as a
synonym of Labrus. Scarus of Forskal must give way to Callyodon of Gronow
if the names of Gronow are to be adopted. This is unfortunate, as Callyodon has
been used by most authors as the name of another genus in the same family.
Abu-defduf Forskal, 59; type Ch^todon sordidus Forskal.
Equivalent to the later Glyphisodon of Lacepede, 1803. The definition of this
genus admits of no question. It occurs in the same paragraph with the equally
accurate definition of Acanthurus. It may receive objection as a barbarous name.
It was probably a "stop-gap" word for which Forskal intended to supply a Latin
equivalent. This his editor after his death failed to do and we must apparently
take it as it stands : "A generic name is a name without necessary meaning."
(Baird.)
Acanthurus Forskal, 59 ; type Ch^todon sohal Forskal ; to be replaced
by Hepatus Gronow, if Gronow's names are adopted; otherwise
by Teuthis L.
Later restricted by authors to the first species named. Ch. unicornis.
Besides these names, clearly eligible, Forskal lists a number of sub-
ordinate groups or subgenera, under Perca, Scarus and Sci^na. Some
of these are properly and fully defined, and would be accepted without
question if in Latin. But all are in Arabic, and may perhaps be taken
as vernacular words, as one might divide a genus into "Groupers,'*'
"Snappers" and "Porgies." We may perhaps reject them on the same
ground as that on which we reject "les spheroides."
In addition to these more or less formal names are two sections,
one under Scarus called "dentibus Abudjubbe," equivalent to Cheilinus
Lac, and one "dentibus Harid," equivalent to Scarus. Louti and Daba
are above reproach, except as to their Arabic origin. Abuhamrur is
defined by reference to its type species. Naqua is based on a species
referred with doubt to Sci^na. Ghanan, Schour and Tahhmel are
names only, identifiable by the correspondence with the Arabic names of
their type species.
These names of Forskal doubtfully eligible, being vernacular and
not meant as sub generic.
34 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Naqua Forskal, xvii ; type Sci^na gibba Forskal.
With definition as "Piscis marinis rubri obscuris, an Scisna 48?" Equivalent
to Genyoroge Cantor, 1850.
Louti Forskal, 44; type Perca louti Forskal.
With full definition. Equivalent ' to Variola Swainson, 1839, which apparently
it should replace.
Daba Forskal, 44; type Perca areolata Forskal.
With full definition. Epinephelus Bloch, 1798, which apparently it should
replace.
Abuhamrur Forskal, 44; type Sci^ena hamrur Forskal.
With definition by reference to the type species. Priacanthus Cuvier, 1817.
Hobar Forskal, 44; type Sci^na bohar Forskal.
With short definition. Lutianus Bloch, 1790.
Farer Forskal, 44; type Sci^na sammara Forskal.
With definition. Holocentrus Gronow, 1763.
Ghanan Forskal, 44; type Sci^na ghanam Forskal.
Without definition. Scolopsis Cuvier, 1817.
Djabub Forskal, 44; type Sci^na jarbua Forskal.
With definition. 'Therapon Cuvier, 1817.
Gaterin Forskal, 44 ; type Sci^na gaterina Forskal.
With scanty definition. Plectorhinchus Lacepede, 1800.
Schour Forskal, 44; type Sci^na nebulosa Forskal.
Without definition. Lethrinus Cuvier, 1817.
Tahhmel Forskal, 44; type Sci^na tahhmel Forskal.
Without definition. Kyphosus Lacepede, 1800, subgenus Opisthistius Gill,
1862.
XX . KLEIN, Neuer Schauplatz der Natur, nach den Richtigsten Beo-
bachfungen und Versuchen, in lAlphabetischer Ordnung.
Durch eine Gesellschaft der Gelehrten. Weidmann, Leipzig.
(Quoted as "Gesellschaft Schauplatz.")
No author named, the account of the fishes compiled from Historia
Piscium Naturalis Klein, perhaps by Philip Ludwig Statins Miiller, pro-
fessor at Erlangen. Vol. I, 1775; vol. II, 1776; vol. Ill, 1776; vol.
IV, 1777; vol. V, 1777; vol. VI, 1778; vol. VII, 1779; vol. VIII, 1779;
vol. X, 1781.
Jakob Theodor Klein.
KLEIN, 1775 35
In a recent monograph of the sharks and rays (Plagiostomia: Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, XXXVI, 1916) Mr. Samuel Gar-
man calls attention to the availability in nomenclature of names of genera
accepted from Klein, a pre-Linnaean writer, in a post-Linnsean dictionary
called "Neuer Schauplatz," or for convenience "Gesellschaft Schau-
platz." This publication began, according to Mr. Carman, as a transla-
tion of Valmont de Bomare, but later it was extended and improved.
We find no copy of this work in the libraries of Washington and
New York. It is probable that the copy in Mr. Carman's possession,
which its owner has kindly placed at our disposal, is the only one now in
the United States.
Mr. Carman remarks: "The Schauplatz referred to above is anony-
mous, it is true, but it gives the authorities for its generic and specific
names, and thus its citations amount to republication after 1758, by the
original authors, previous as the first publication may have been."
All the generic names used by Jacob Theodor Klein in his Historia
Piscium Naturalis, 1740 to 1744, are here reproduced and accepted, thus
bringing them for consideration into eligibility in scientific nomenclature.
If accepted they therefore replace nearly all competing names except
those of Artedi (1738) accepted by Linnaeus (1758), and those of Gronow
(1763)-
Toward the middle of the eighteenth century the idea of genus among
animals as a basis of classification became common property among nat-
uralists. The name of the genus was recognized as consisting of a
single word, but, until 1758, the species was indicated by a descriptive
phrase attached to the name of the genus. By the device of binomial
nomenclature, Linnaeus made the system coherent, allotting to genus and
species each a single word, the first a noun, the second of the nature of
an adjective or genitive. In zoology, scientific nomenclature therefore
dates from January i, 1758, the time of the development of this system
by Linnaeus in the Tenth Edition of his Sy sterna Natures.
Prior to Linnaeus, on the basis of definite genera with polynomial
species, three distinguished ichthyologists had separately developed, with-
out knowledge of each other's work, a system of classification of fishes.
These were Peter Artedi, "the Father of Ichthyology," in Upsala, in
1738; Jacob Theodor Klein, in Jena, 1740 to 1744; and Lorenz Theodor
Gronow, in Leyden, 1754 to 1780. Of these authors the work of Artedi
was the most compact and accurate, that of Klein the most elaborate, and
that of Gronow based on the most material. Artedi's work was the basis
of Linnaeus's classification of the fishes. The principal part of the work
36 THE GENERA OF FISHES
of Gronow was published in 1763. His names have been accepted as
eligible by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature.
In this paper we give a list of these genera of Klein together with
the Linnsean type, each as understood or as indicated by the present
writer. In deciding on the type, the writer has been materially aided
by the possession of a copy of Klein's Historia Piscium Naturalis, which
was once the property of his commentator, Dr. Johann Julius Walbaum
of Greifswald, and which contains profuse annotations in Walbaum's
own handwriting.
Dr. Walbaum himself published in 1792 (Petri \Artedi sued Genera
Piscium, 589-587) a classified record of the genera of Klein, but without
actually accepting these as part of the System. Later Walbaum printed
an Index to all these early names of various authors, as Ichthyologia
Enodata sive Index Reriim (Leipzig, 1793). In this Index the generic
and other names used by previous writers are arranged in alphabetical
order with indication of the Linnaean synonymy. This again does not, in
the view of the Zoological Commission (Opinion 21), involve the accept-
ance of any of these names. A reprint of Klein's Historice Piscium
Naturalis was published, with notes by Walbaum, in 1802.
In the Gesellschaft Schauplatz Klein's names are frankly adopted,
and the chief serious objection to be raised is that the species are named
polynomially. We here omit those names in the Schauplatz, as Acipen-
SER, Cyprinus, Xiphias, etc., which had been used by Linnaeus and were
already accepted in the System with the same significance. We are in-
debted to Mr. Carman for the verification of the list and for the insertion
of page references.
Illustrations of the method of the elliptical and disorderly Schauplatz
are the following. In vol. I, p. 918, 1777, we read:
"Botte. Rhombus, ein Kleinisches Fischgeschlecht, welches Linne,
Pleuronectes G. 163, Mliller Seitenschwimmer, Richter Butten nennt,"
etc. Description follov/s.
In III, p. 512, we find: "Greete, Kleinische, eine Art platteise, But-
ten, Richter: s(iehe) Botte, Rhombus, des Kleins und unsern Artikel
Th. I, s. 918 ; desgleichen Plunder, Passer 4 des Kleins und unsern Artikel
Th. Ill, s. 151" etc.
"Passer 4" is the species called "Passer asper s(eu), squamosus
Rondelet. This species is Pleuronectes limanda L. With (eight)
other species named polynomially, it is set forth in the Schauplatz, after
Klein. The quotations from Miiller probably refer to the Niirnberg
Edition of the Sy sterna Naturce, published in German by Professor Philip
KLEIN, 1775 37
Ludwig Statius Miiller of Erlangen, in 1776. This edition in its Supple-
ment contains a few new specific names but no new genera, so far as
noticed.*
The reference to "Richter," refers apparently to a work published at
Leipzig, in 1754, by J. G. O. Richter, entitled "Ichthyotheologie, oder
Versuch die Menschen aus Betrachtung der Fische su Bewunderung des
Schopfers su fiihren." This we have not seen, but quote the title from
Bosgoed. The same work appears in Dutch, in 1768, as "Godleerende
Vischkunde."
The names in the "Gesellschaft Schauplats" are all of doubtful eligi-
bility, because not adopting the Linnccan Code as to species, and possibly
because published in an anonymous dictionary.
Conger Klein, I, 22, 1775 ; type Muilena conger L. "Conger pinna
membranacea" Klein.
A synonym of Conger Houttuyn.
Enchelyopus Klein, I, 32, 1775 ; type Trichiurus lepturus L. "En-
CHELYOPUS CAPITE PRODUCTO SERPENTINO" Klein.
A synonym of Trichiurus L., not Enchelyopus Gronow.
Brama Klein, I, 61, 932, 1775; type Cyprinus brama L. "Brama
PRiMi RADIO pinn^ dorsalis simplici" Klein.
Brama, if accepted, replaces Abramis Cuvier, and the marine genus now called
Brama would take the name of Lepodus Rafinesque.
Galeus Klein, I, 70, 1775; type Squalus galeus L. "Galeus rostri
EXTREMA PARTE PELLUCIDA" Klein.
Equivalent to Galeorhinus Blainville, 1816 = Galeus Cuvier, 1817, not Galeus
Valmont, 1768, nor of Rafinesque, 1810.
Trutta Klein, I, 115, 1775; type Salmo trutta L. "Trutta tota
argentea" Klein.
A synonym of Trutta L.
Leuciscus Klein, I, 172, 1775; type Cyprinus leuciscus L. "Leuciscus
SUPRA linea lateralis" Klein.
Leuciscus Klein would replace Leuciscus Cuvier, Rafinesque, Agassiz, for
the same group.
Pelamys Klein, I, 176, 1775 ; type Scomber scombrus L. "Pelamys
CORPORE castigato" Klein, the "makarel" of Willughby.
The genus, based on the tunnies and the mackerels, is exactly coterminous
with Scomber L. If regarded as eligible, the genus of snakes, Pelamys Daudin,
must receive a new name.
*See "On the Fishes Described in Muller's Supplemental Volume to the Sys-
tema Naturce of Linnseus," D. S. Jordan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., i8go, p. 48.
38 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Harengus Klein, I, 209, 1775 ; type Clupea harengus L. "Harengus
vulgaris" Klein.
Synonym of Clupea L.
Amphisilen Klein, I, 280, 1775; type Centriscus scutatus L. "Am-
phisilen" Klein.
Monotypic. A synonym of Centriscus L., and Amphisile Cuvier.
Latargus Klein (misprint for Lathargus), I, 298, 1775; type Anar-
hicas lupus L. "Latargus rostro retuso dentis horridis"
Klein.
Synonym of Anarhichas L. Monotypic.
Leiobatus Klein, I, 316, 1775 ; type Raja oxyrhynchus L. "Leio-
batus rostro omnium longissime producto" Klein.
Synonym of Raja L. Includes all smooth rays.
Synagris Klein, I, 442, 1775; type Sparus aurata L. "Synagris
DORSO obscure viride" Klein.
A synonym of Sparus L. Includes many sparoid fishes.
Mystus Klein, I, 535, 1775; type "Mystus fluviatilis" Klein = Cyp-
RiNus BARBUS L., not Mystus Gronow, 1763.
Equivalent to Barbus Cuvier.
Passer Klein, I, 816, 1775 ; type Pleuronectes flesus L. 'Tasser
CUTE DENSIS TUBERCULIS."
Not of Brisson, 1760, a genus of birds. A synonym of Flesus Moreau.
Glaucus Klein, I, 829, 1775 ; type Scomber glaucus L. "Glaucus
ACULEATUS MACULIS IN UTROQUE LATERE" Klein.
Glaucus, if allowable, replaces C^siomorus Lacepede, a genus distinct from
Trachinotus Lacepede, 1803. Hypodis Rafinesque, 1810, is the same.
Rhombus Klein, I, 918, 1775, VIII, 88, 1779; type Pleuronectes
RHOMBUS L. "Rhombus omnium minimus palm^ longi-
tudine."
This name antedates Rhombus Da Costa, 1776, a genus of Snails. If eligible,
it replaces Bothus Rafinesque, and is equivalent to Rhombus Cuvier, 1817. The
other nominal species of Rhombus are synonyms of the Turbot, Psetta max-
ima (L.).
Rhombotides Klein, I, 922, 1775 ; type Ch^todon c^ruleus Bloch.
"Rhombotides obscure ceruleus" Klein, after Catesby.
Synonym of Acanthurus Forskal, and of Teuthis of Browne and Linnasus,
Klein suggests as substitute names, if Rhombotides is not acceptable, Europus and
Psetta.
KLEIN, 1775 39
Sargus Klein, I, 966, 1775; type Sparus sargus L. "Sargus pinnis
vENTRALiBus" Klein.
Sargus, if allowed, replaces Diplodus Rafinesque, and Sargus Cuvier. The
genus of Insects called Sargus would in this case require a new name.
Dasybatus Klein, I, 991, 1775; type Raja pastinaca L. "Dasybatus
CAUDA SQUAMEis ossEis" Klein.
Dasybatus, if allowed, replaces Dasyatis Rafinesque and Trygon Adanson.
Intended to include all the rough-skinned rays.
Prochilus Klein, I, 1043, 1775; type, as here restricted, "Prochilus
L^VIS LATERIBUS CARINATUS" Klein (BlENNIUS PHOLIS L.).
Equivalent to Pholis Cuv. & Val., a name used earlier for another genus by
Gronow and Scopoli. In this sense Prochilus is a subgenus under Blennius. . .
On plates in Bleeker's Atlas, Prochilus is used instead of Amphiprion, the
species named first by Klein being Amphiprion ephippium (Bloch). We find,
however, no formal restriction of Prochilus by Bleeker.
Labrax Klein, II, 32, 1775, and VIII, 164, 1779; type Perca labrax L.
"Labrax sive Lupus" Klein.
Labrax, if allowed, replaces Dicentrarchus Gill = Labrax Cuvier, 1817. Not
Labrax of Pallas, 1810, which is Hexagram mos.
Percis Klein, II, 45, Ed. 2, 1776; type Perca cernua L., as restricted
by Bleeker, Systema Percarum Revisum. "Percis pinnis sex
anteriore parte dorsalis 14" Klein.
Equivalent to Cernua Schaefer 1761, Gymnocephalus Bloch & Schneider 1801,
to AcERiNA Cuvier 1817, and Cernua Fleming 1828; not Percis Scopoli 1777, nor
of Cuvier.
Narcacion Klein, II, 237, 1776; IV, 726, 1777; type Raja torpedo L.
"Narcacion demta CAUDA siNuosA ciRCULARis" Klein.
Narcacion, if accepted, replaces Torpedo Dumeril, not of Forskal. If rejected,
Narcobatus Blainville is next in date. Monotypic.
Maenas Klein, II, 360, 1776; type Sparus m^na L. "M^nas dilute
viRiDis" Klein.
M^nas would replace M^na Cuvier.
Cicla Klein, II, 412, 1776; type Labrus viridis L. "Cicla viridis oper-
culorum" Klein.
Synonym of Labrus L. Comprises all the species of Labrus L., called Turdus
or Merula by authors, these names also signifying "thrush." If accepted, Cichla
Bloch & Schneider, 1801, would require a new name.
Rhina Klein, II, 587, 1776; type Rhina souatina L. "Rhina sive
squatina"' Klein.
Rhina, if allowed, replaces Squatina Dumeril.
40 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Rhinobatus Klein, II, 593, 1776; type Raja rhinobatus L. "Rhino-
BATUS SEU Squatino raja" Klein.
Rhinobatus would replace Rhinobatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801, and
Syrrhina Miiller & Henle, based on the same species.
Solea Klein, III, 115, 1776; type Pleuronectes solea L. "Solea
SQUAMIS MINUTIS" Klein.
Solea Klein would replace Solea Rafinesque, Solea Quensel and Solea Cuvier.
Pseudopterus Klein, III, 139, 1776; type Gasterosteus volitans L.
"PsEUDOPTERus QUI Perca amboinensis" Klein.
Replaces, if allowed, Pterois Cuvier.
Tetragonoptrus Klein, III, 153, 1776; type Ch^todon capistratus L.
"Tetragonoptrus l^vis ad caudam brunnea" Klein.
Synonym of Ch^todon L. Bleaker uses this name in place of Ch^todon, as
Artedi's "type" of Ch^todon — that is, the species first named — is a Pomacanthus.
But Artedi included also true species of Ch^todon in his list, and the name was
adopted by Linnsus from his own use of it, in the Amoenitates Acadenticicr.
Batrachus Klein, III, 202, 1776; type Lophius piscatorius L. "Ba-
TRACHUS RICTUQUE RAN^" Klein.
Synonym of Lophius L., not Batrachus Bloch & Schneider, 1801.
Mastaccembelus Klein, III, 271, 1776; type Esox belone L. "Mas-
TACCEMBELUS MANDIBULIS LONGISSIMIS" Klein.
Not Mastacembelus Gronow, 1763 ; stands as Belone Cuvier.
Platiglossus Klein, III, 300, 1776; type Halichceres marginatus
Rijppell. "Platiglossus subrufus souamulis l^vibus" Klein.
Accepted by Bleaker as Platyglossus. Klein's figure is crude, but recog-
nizable.
Lucius Klein, III, 506, 1776; type Esox lucius L. "Lucius . . . ros-
TRO quasi anserino" Klein.
Synonym of Esox L. = Lucius Rafinesque.
Cestracion Klein, III, 523, 1776; type Squalus zyg^na L. "Cestra-
ciON fronte acus" Klein.
Cestracion, if accepted, replaces Sphyrna Rafinesque and Zycena Cuvier.
Cestracion Cuvier is a different genus, Heterodontus Blainville, Centracion Gray.
Trichidion Klein, III, 592, 1776; type Polynemus virginicus L. "Tri-
CHIDION CORPORE OBLONGO" Klein.
A synonym of Polynemus L. as restricted by authors generally. Monotypic.
Asperulus Klein, III, 686, 1776; X, 236, 1781 ; type Perca zingel L.
"ASPERULUS VEL ASPREDO DORSO ACUTO" Klein.
Identical with Zingel Oken. Monotypic.
scopoLi, 1777 41
Corystion Klein, III, 762, 1776; type Trigla lapponica L. "Corys-
TION CORPORE GRANULATO" Klein.
A synonym of Trigla L.
In volume III of the Gesellschaft Schatiplats, lyyG, pp. 61-73, is
given a list of the genera of fishes. This includes so far as we note
all those proposed by Klein and those of Linnaeus also, those of Klein
appearing first. The names are not in alphabetical order, but follow the
sequence of Klein's Historia Piscum Naturalis. This seems to imply a
post-Linnsean acceptance of all of Klein's genera, even were their use in
the text rejected. One new name appears :
Pristis Klein, III, 61, 1776; type "Pristis, der Sageschnautz."
Equivalent to Pristis Linck.
XXI. SCOPOLI, Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem, Prague, 1777.
JoHANN Anton Scopoli.
x\ descriptive catalogue of the genera of animals and plants. The
genera of fishes are mostly those of Linnaeus and Gronow. No types are
named save in the two new, Percis and Pteridium.
The following names given by Gronow are not accepted by Scopoli :
Enchelyopus (regarded as a synonym of Blennius), Eleotris (=
GoBius), Plecostomus (=Loricaria), Coracinus (=Sci^na), Cal-
LORHYNCHUS (=ChIM^RA), CaTAPHRACTUS (^PeGASUS), GyMNO-
gaster (= Trichiurus), Cyclogaster (=Liparis), Hepatus, ( =
Teuthis) ; Amia is used only in the Linnsean sense.
Liparis (Artedi) Scopoli, 453; type (not named) Cyclopterus liparis
L.
Percis Scopoli, 454 ; type Cottus japonicus Pallas.
Equivalent to Hippocephalus Swainson, 1839, not Percis Klein.
Pteridium Scopoli, 454; type Coryph^na velifera Pallas (Pteraclis
Gronow).
The following names of Gronow are introduced into Linnsean nomen-
clature by Scopoli, without mention of type. These date from Scopoli,
1777, if the Zoophylaceum of Gronow, 1763, be not accepted.
42 the genera of fishes
Erythrinus, 449 Mystus, 451
Synodus, 449 Callichthys, 451
Callyodon, 449 Aspredo, 453
HOLOCENTRUS, 449 ChARAX, 455
(misprinted Holocenthrus) Clarias, 455
Gonorhynchus, 450 Cyn/edus, 455
Albula, 450 Pholis, 456
Umbra (Kramer), 450 Mastacembelus, 458
Anableps, 450 Channa, 459
Anostomus, 451
XXII. FORSTER, Icones Inedifce; Bibliotheca Banksiae, 1777.
John Reinhold Forster.
Echidna Forster, 181; type Echidna variegata Forster = Mur^na
echidna Gmelin.
This generic name, according to Kaup, first appears in 1777, in the Iconas
Ineditce. It must be retained for the genus of fishes, and is not available for the
genus of mammals named Echidna bv Cuvier, = Tachyglossus.
XXIII. KLEIN, Gesellschaft Schauplatz, vols. IV, V, 1777.
Jakob Theodor Klein.
Oncotion Klein, IV, 46, 1777 ; type Cyclopterus lumpus L. "Onco-
tion colore nigricante" Klein.
A synonym of Cyclopterus L.
Cynocephalus Klein, IV, 161, 1777; type Squalus glaucus L.
"Cynocephalus glaucus" Klein, as restricted by Gill.
Cynocephalus Boddsert is of later date. Equivalent to Prionace Cantor.
Callarias Klein, IV, 327, 1777; type Gadus morrhua L. "Callarias
soRDiDE olivaceus" Klein.
Synonym of Gadus L.
Crayracion Klein, IV, 788, 1777; type Tetraodon spengleri Bloch.
"CrAYRACION LyEVISSIMUS EX TERREO RUFESCENS" Klein.
A synonym of Tetraodon L.
The type of this genus was first fixed by Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1865, 65.
Bleaker observes: "La premiere espece du genre complique que Klein en 1742 deja
nomma Crayracion etant le Tetraodon spengleri des auteurs ou au moins une
espece extremement voisine, je propose d' indiquer sous ce nom generique toutes
FORSTER, 1778 43
les especes a tentacule nasale non perforce. . . . Le nom de Crayracion est
anterieur de plusicurs annees a celui de Tetraodon et devrait etre substitue a ce
dernier si le type du genre n'etait pas reconnu a un genre distincte du Crayracion
LiCvissiMUs de Klein."
This lixes the type of Klein on the species figured by him, but Bleeker is in
error in supposing Tetraodon spengleri to be a species with closed nostrils. The
proper name for that group — (Arothron Miiller : Tetraodon of several authors)
seems to be Ovoides Cuvier.
Cataphractus Klein, IV, 828, 1777; type Cottus cataphractus L.
"Cataphractus rostro resimo" Klein.
Not Cataphractus Gronow. Stands as Agonus Lacepede.
Capriscus Klein, V, 427, 1777; type Balistes capriscus Gmelin.
"Capriscus tribus aculeis" Klein.
Synonym of Balistes L.
Cestreus Klein, V, 460, 1777; type Mugil cephalus L. "Cestreus
DORSO REPANDO" Klein.
A synonym of Mugil L.
XXIV. FORSTER, Enchiridion, 1778.
John Reinhold Forster.
Harpurus Forster, 84; type Harpurus fasciatus Forster.
Equivalent to Hepatus, Teuthis and Acanthurus.
XXV. KLEIN, Gesellschaft Schauplats, vols. VI to X, 1778 to 1781.
Jakob Theodor Klein.
Solenostomus Klein, VI, 32, 1778; type Fistularia tabaccaria L.
"SOLENOSTOMUS CUTE GLABRA" Klein.
Synonym of Fistularia. If Solenostomus is accepted, a new^ generic name is
required for Solenostsmus Lacepede.
Sphyraena Klein, VI, 464, 1778; type Esox sphyr^na L.
Would replace Sphyilena Rose, unless Umbla Catesby is available.
Gobio Klein, VII, 178, 1779; type Gobius niger L. "Gobio branchi-
ARUM OPERCULIS ET VENTRE FLAVICANTIBUS'' Klein.
If allowed, Gobio Klein becomes a synonym of Gobius L. and a new name
would be required in place of Gobio Cuvier.
Hippnrus Klein, VII, 788, 1779; type Coryphv^na hippurus L. "Hip-
PURUS pinnis BRANCH l^libus" Klein.
Synonym of CoRypH.«:NA L.
44 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Blennus Klein, VIII, 589, 1779; type Blennius ocellaris L. "Blen-
Nus PiNNicEPS coLORis" Klein.
Synonym of Blennius L.
Psalisostomus Klein, X, 154, 1781 ; type Esox osseus L. "Psaliso-
STOMUS OMNIUM MAXiMUs" Klein.
If allowed, replaces Lepisosteus Lacepede.
XXVI. HERRMANN, Schreihen ueber eine neues Americanisches
Fischgeschlecht, Sternoptix : Der Naturforscher, 2 Stuck, vol.
XVI, 1781.
JoHANN Herrmann.
Sternoptix Herrmann, 8, 36 ; type Sternoptix diaphana Herrmann.
Monotypic.
XXVII. HOUTTUYN, Beskrivning van Eenige Japanske Visschen:
Actse Harlemensis, XX, pt. 2, 1782.
Martin Houttuyn.
Centrogaster Houttuyn, 333 ; type Centrogaster fuscescens Houttuyn.
A synonym of Siganus Forskal.
XXVIII. BLOCH, Natiirgeschichte der Ausldndischen Fische. Nine
parts, 1785 to 1795. Part 2, 1786.
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Kurtus Bloch, II, 122, 1786; type Kurtus indicus Bloch.
Also written Kyrtus and Cyrtus. Monotypic.
Macrourus Bloch, II, 150, 1786; type Coryph^na rupestris Fabricius,
the "Ingmingoak" = Macrourus berglax Lacepede, which is not
the same as Coryph^noides rupestris Gunner.
XXIX. BLOCH, Ueber Zwey Merkwurdige Fisch-Arten: Abhandlungen
Bohmischer Gesellschaft, I, 1787.
Notacanthus Bloch, 278; type Notacanthus chemnitzi Bloch.
This name was changed by Bloch in 1797 to Acanthonotus and the species to
AcANTHONOTUs NASus. Monotypic.
AHL, 1787 45
XXX. AHL, De Murcena et Ophichtho, 1787.
Jonas Nicholas Ahl.
Ophichthus Ahl, 5 ; type Mur^na ophis L., as restricted.
Unquestioned.
XXXI. ASCANIUS, Beretning urn Silde-Tusten : Dansk. Selsk. 1788.
P. ASCANIUS
Regalecus Ascanius, III, 419; type Ophidium glesne Ascanius.
Other dates have been quoted, for example "Icones," 1772, a series of plates of
objects in nature. This may not be the oldest.
XXXII. BLOCH, Charactere und Beschreibung des Geschlechts der
Papageyfische, Callyodon : Abhandlungen Bohmischer Gesell-
schaft, IV, 1788.
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Callyodon Bloch, 242; type (presumably) Scarus croicensis Bloch.
Not seen by us.
XXXIII. BLOCH, Naturgeschichte der Ausldndischen Fische, III, 1788.
Gymnetrus Bloch, III, i ; type Gymnetrus hawkeni Bloch.
A synonym of Regalecus.
XXXIV. BROWNE, Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, Second
Edition, 1789.
Patrick Browne, M. D.
Originally published in 1756, reprinted in 1789, with a table showing
the Linnaean equivalents of species named, and perhaps other revisions.
No changes have been noted in the systematic part. In the original edi-
tion of 1756, as in later editions, the author refers to the works of Artedi
and Gronow, with both of whom he was familiar. His recognition of
genus as a technical term and not as a mere Latin noun is unmistakable.
Browne adopts various genera of Artedi (later accepted by Linnasus),
and to these he adds twelve new genera of his own. The species are
46 THE GENERA OF FISHES
indicated by polynomial terms, to which are added the EngUsh vernac-
ular names current in Jamaica.
The History of Jamaica is the ablest of all the works describing a
local fish-fauna, prior to Linnaeus, in quality comparable to the work of
Osbeck, Hasselquist, and even of Forskal.
The revised republication of the work in 1789 may perhaps make the
names of Browne eligible in nomenclature, if other authors rigidly cor-
rect as to generic names but polynomial as to species are to be consid-
ered. We have examined the original edition and the edition of 1789.
The names of Browne are perhaps not eligible as not binomial and
as occurring in a slightly revised reprint of a pre-Linncean tvork.
Following the precedent of Opinion 57, rejecting Hasselquist {Iter
Palestinum) , Browne's work would not be regarded as available.
Solenostomus Browne, 441 ; type "Solenostomus corpore terete sub-
ROTUNDO etc., the Trumpeter" = Fistularia tabaccaria L.
This name, if eligible, antedates Solenostomus Klein and Solenostomus Lace-
pede. Monotypic.
Menidia Browne, 441 ; type "Menidia corpore pellucido, linea later-
al! LATiORi argentea" = Atherina browni Gmelin, 1789.
This name, if accepted, replaces Anchoviella Fowler, besides rendering Men-
idia Bonaparte ineligible. Monotypic.
Amia Browne, 442; type "Amia subargentea labris tEQualibus ossic-
ULUS branch iostegus vigintiduobus, the Tarpon" = Megalops
atlanticus Cuv. & Val.
This name is equivalent to Tarpon Jordan & Evermann. It is however pre-
occupied by Amia Gronow and by Amia L. Browne refers also to Amia, a sec-
ond species, "the Ten-pounder," which is Elops saurus L., type of the genus
EiOPS.
Mormyra Browne, 445; type "Mormyra major c^rulea et aureo
varia, the larger Painted Parrot-fish" = Scarus vetula Bloch
& Schneider.
The name Mormyra, too close to Mormyrus L., is subsequent to Callyodon
of Gronow, and to Scarus Forskal. Three other species of Parrot-fish are placed
by Browne in Mormyra. Synonym of Callyodon.
Plagusia Browne, 445 ; type "Plagusia subcinerea cauda attenuata,
the little Brown Sole with a pointed tail" = Pleuronectes
plagusia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 = Symphurus plagusia Jor-
dan & Evermann.
The name Plagusia was adopted for this genus by Cuvier in 1829. It had
however been earlier (1806) used by Latreille for a genus of Crustaceans.
BROWNE, 1789 47
Browne's name Plagusia, if available, has priority over Symphurus Rafinesqvie,
1820, as well as over the numerous later names applied to this group, the best
known of which are Aphoristia Kaup and Ammopleurops Giinther. As there is
a still earlier species, Plagusia plagiusa L., in this genus, the present species may
perhaps stand as Plagusia ornata Lacepede, "plagiusa" being only a variant
spelling of the same word.
Helops Browne, 445 ; type "Helops nigrescens varie nebulatim, the
Hog--fish of Catesby" = Labrus rufus L.
If Helops, with this type, is accepted, it will eliminate the much confused
generic name Bodianus Bloch, based on the same type (Bodianus bodianus Bloch
= Labrus rufus L.). Harpe Lacepede and Cossyphus Cuvier are later names for
the same genus. The first species indicated by Browne under Helops is Lach-
NOLAiMus MAxiMUS (Walbaum), the "Suillus or Great Hog-fish" of Catesby.
This is "Helops rufescens iride partim rubra, partim albida, macula nigra
POST piNNiM dorsalem, the Hog-fish" of Browne. In the interest of nomenclature,
it would be better to suppress Bodianus rather than Lachnolaimus^ if Helops is
found eligible.
Cromis Browne, 449 ; type "Cromis subargenteo oblongus radiis
anterioribus dorsalis ^gre pungentibus, the Drummer" =
Labrus cromis L. = Pogonias chromis of authors.
Browne cites four species of his genus Cromis, the "Silver Shad" (Gerres
cinereus), the Red-mouth Grunt (Htemulon plumieri), the Stone Bass
(Diapterus brasilianus), and the Drummer (Pogonias cromis). As the last
named became Labrus cromis L., we may take it as the type of the genus
Cromis of Browne, if the latter is eligible. Cromis would then, if accepted, re-
place Pogonias Lacepede. Chromis Cuvier, 1815, a more correct spelling of the
same word, would then give place to Heliases Cuvier.
Macrocephalus Browne, 449; type "Macrocephalus argentea major
LINEA LATERALIS RECTA NIGRA, the SnOok" = SCLENA UNDECIM-
ALis Bloch.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Centropomus Lacepede. Preoccupied by Macro-
cephalus Swederus, 1787, a genus of Insects.
Pelmatia Browne, 449; type "Pelmatia major squamis vix perspicuus,
the Mud-fish" = Gobiomorus dormitor Lacepede.
The name Pelmatia, if accepted, replaces Gobiomorus, which in turn has re-
placed the excellent name Philypnus of Cuvier.
The first species named under Pelmatia by Browne is "Pelmatia minor
squamis majusculus, the Bullhead." This is Dormitator maculatus (Bloch).
Browne gives a long and correct account of Pelmatia, and notes that his "sec-
ond sort," the mud-fish, is "most esteemed and grows frequently to the length of
17 to 20 inches. It is the most delicate fish I have yet known, when in full per-
fection."
48 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Thynnus Browne, 451 ; type "Thynnus bontii corpore crassiori et
BREvioRE etc., The Boneeto" = Scomber felamys L.
This use of the name Thynnus is later than that of Fabricius, 1775, for a
genus of Insects. It antedates Thynnus of Cuvier and it is equivalent to Thyn-
nus of Liitken, a name later changed to Euthynnus by its author. Scomber
PELAMYS L., the Oceanic Bonito, is the Bonito of Cuba and Jamaica, where the
Northern Bonito, Sarda sarda, is unknown. Of the "Boneeto," Browne observes
that it is "a dry coarse fish, not much esteemed, though a hearty wholesome food."
Should stand as Euthynnus Liitken. Monotypic.
Saurus Browne, 452 ; type "Saurus argenteus cute longitudinalis
etc., the Leather Coat" = Scomber saurus Bloch & Schneider =
Oligoplites saurus of authors.
Not Saurus Cuv. & Val., which is Synodus Gronow. If Browne's names are
accepted, Saurus must replace Oligoplites Gill, its type species standing as
Saurus saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Two other species of Saurus are enum-
erated by Browne, the "Red-tailed Jack" and the "White-fish."
Teuthis Browne, 454; type "Teuthis fusca c^ruleo nitens, the Doc-
tor (Turdus rhomboides Catesby)"^ Ch^todon c^ruleus
Bloch.
The first application of the name Teuthis (xeuOig, a squid) to a fish is that
of Browne in 1756. Linnaeus in 1766 accepted Browne's name Teuthis, and sub-
stituted it for Gronow's name Hepatus, 1763. The republication of Teuthis in 1789
would help to fix the generic name Teuthis with Browne's original species.
Hepatus Gronow was primarily based on a specimen of the West Indian species
called Ch^todon chirurgus by Bloch, with which Ch^todon c^ruleus Bloch, the
type of Teuthis, is strictly congeneric. The other species concerned, Teuthis
jAvus L., wrongly referred by Gronow to Hepatus, should stand as Siganus For-
skal. Cuvier and Valenciennes, according to Giinther, were in error in referring
Gronow's specimen, the type of Teuthis hepatus L., to an East Indian species,
since called Colocopus lambdurus Gill.
The four species entangled in the confusion superimposed upon Browne, should,
as Gill has shown, stand as follows :
Hepatus or Teuthis c^ruleus (Bloch & Schneider).
Hepatus or Teuthis hepatus L.
Colocopus lambdurus Gill.
Siganus javus (L.).
Rhomboida Browne, 455 ; type "Rhomboida alepidota argentea pin-
Nis OMNis BREViBus, the Silvcr-fish" ^ VoMER BROWNi Cuv. &
Val., 1833.
The generic name Rhomboida antedates that of Vomer Cuvier, and, if ac-
cepted, the type species would stand as Rhomboida browni (Cuv. & Val.) =
Platysomus spixi Swainson, a species distinct from the northern Vomer setipin-
Nis (Mitchill).
Under Rhomboida, Browne mentions also "Rhomboida major alepidota, the
Larger Silver-fish, with long fins (Zeus Cauda bifurca Artedi)." This must be
LINCK, 1790 49
Selene vomer L. A third species is "Rhomboida squamosa ex argentea, the Portu-
gise." This seems to be Pomacanchus arcuatus L., the "Portugais" of the
French Antillan fishermen.
XXXV. LINCK, Magasin Neuestes aus der Physik imd Naturgeschichte,
Gotha, 1790.
H. F. LiNCK.
This work we have not seen ; we quote from Gill.
Mustelus Linck, 31; type Squalus mustelus L. = Mustelus l^vis
of authors.
Equivalent to Pleuracromylon Gill, not quite the same as Mustelus Valmont.
Pristis Linck, 31 ; type Squalus pristis L.
Unquestioned.
Rhinobatos Linck, 32 ; type not specified : Raja rhinobatos L.
Equivalent to Rhinobatus Klein.
Callichthys Linck, 32 ; type not specified : Silurus callichthys L.
Equivalent to Callichthys Gronow.
Alosa Linck, 35 (scarcely defined) ; type not specified: Clupea alosa
L. = Alosa Cuvier.
Thymallus Linck, 35; type not specified: Salmo thymallus L. =
Thymallus Cuvier.
Mela Linck, 37; type Diodon mola L.
Equivalent to Mola Koelreuter and Cuvier.
Soarus Linck (misprint for Saurus), 37; type not specified and un-
identifiable.
Barbatula Linck, 38 ; type Cobitis barbatula L.
Replaces Oreias Sauvage ; Orthrias Jordan & Fowler.
XXXVL BLOCH, Naturgeschichte der Ausldndischen Fische, IV, 1790.
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Bodianus Bloch, IV, 48 ; type Bodianus bodianus Bloch, by tautonomy.
Replaces Harpe Lacepede. By first restriction, Cuvier and Gill, the type would
be Bodianus guttatus Bloch, a species of Enneacentrus Gill. Tautonomy has
precedence in this case.
Lutianus Bloch, IV, 105 ; type Lutianus lutianus Bloch.
Unquestioned. Also spelled Lutjanus.
50 THE GENERA OF FISHES
XXXVII. WHITE, Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, 1790.
J. White.
Enoplosus White, plate 39; type Ch^todon armatus White.
Lacepede quotes the name Enoplosus from White. We have not seen this
paper, and the name may have been first printed by Lacepede.
XXXVIII. VALMONT DE BOMARE, Dictionnaire etc.. Edition IV,
vol. VIII, 1791.
Jean Christophe Valmont de Bomare.
Acus Valmont ; type Acus aristotelis Valmont = Syngnathus
ACUS L.
After Willughby. Same as Syngnathus L.
XXXIX. SHAW, Description of Stylephorus chokdatus, a new fish :
Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, I, 1791-
George Shaw.
Stylephorus Shaw, I, 90; type Stylephorus chordatus Shaw.
Monotypic.
XL. WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 1792.
JoHANN Julius Walbaum.
Curimata Walbaum, 80; type Salmo marcgravii Walbaum, based on
"Charax maxilla superiore longiore" Gronow, which is Salmo
CYPRINOIDES L.
Curimata should replace Curimatus Cuvier for this genus.
XLI. BLOCH, Naturgeschichte der Ansldndischen Fische, VI, VII,
1792, 1793-
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Anthias Bloch, VI, 97, 1792; type Labrus anthias L. ^Anthias
SACER Bloch.
Unquestioned. Aylopon Rafinesque is a substitute name, Anthias being said
to be preoccupied. We do not find it so. Anthia, a genus of Beetles, dates from
1801.
ROSE, 1793 51
Epinephelus Bloch, VII, n, 1793; type Epinephelus marginalia
Bloch = Perca fasciata Forskal, by general consent.
The genus Epinephelus was based on E. afer, E. marginalis, E. merra, and
E. ruber. Marginalis and merra are congeneric, and belong to the great group
called Epinephelus by Gill, Bleeker, and nearly all recent authors. Of these,
marginalis is typical. The species named tirst, afer, has been on that account
chosen as type by Fowler, 1907. This species was separated as the type of Alph-
ESTES by Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Ruber was named as type by Jordan & Gilbert,
1883. This species under another name (acutirostris Guv. & Val.) became the
type of Parepinephelus Bleeker, 1875. Justice and convenience are best served by
retaining the name Epinephelus for its chief components, as understood by nearly
all authors. Otherwise the genus would stand as Cerna Bonaparte, 1837, unless,
with Fowler, we recognize Epinephelus gigas (Perca gigas) L. as the type of
Serranus Cuvier, 1817, a change we think unnecessary. If the subgenera of For-
skal, with Arabic names, are recognized, Epinephelus must give place to Daba.
Gymnocephalus Bloch, VII, 24, 1793; type Perca schr.^tzer L., equiv-
alent to Cernua Schaefer, Acerina Cuvier, and Cernua Fleming.
Johnius Bloch, VII, 132. 1793; type Johnius carutta Bloch, as re-
stricted by Gill.
Lonchiurus Bloch, VII, 143, 1793 ; type Lonciiiurus barbatus Bloch,
1793=: Perca lanceolata Bloch, 1788.
Monotypic. Corrected by later writers to Lonchurus.
Cataphractus Bloch, VII, 80, 1793; type Silurus callichthys L. as
here restricted.
A synonym of Callichthys.
XLII, ROSE, Petri Artedi Angermannia-Sueci Synonymia Nominum
Piscium etc. Greifswald. Edition II, 1793.
Anton Ferdinand Rose.
This article, published as a supplement to Walbaum's Artedi Piscium,
enumerates the generic names of Artedi and others, the species in their
original polynomial form. In an Appendix are given a few new generic
names, mostly taken from Aristotle. These genera are not described,
nor are their species named, but the synonymy is fully given. Some of
them had been already used by other authors. In our judgment, these
names are eligible, and a few maintain priority of date.
Phycis Rose, 11 1 ; type qpuxig Aristotle, Phycis tinca Bloch & S^^h'^eider,
Gadus blennioides Briinnich.
This is identical with Phycis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 ; the latter, but not the
former, antedated by Phycis Fabricius, 1798, a genus of Insects. Phycis Rose re-
places Emphycus Jordan & Evermann, 1898.
52 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Cicla Rose, 112; type "Cicla vix palmaris"' Rose, xix^r] Aristotle, a
species of Labrus, perhaps L. viridis L.
Cicla Klein is identical with that of Rose. Schneider, more correctly, wrote
the word Cichla, but applied it to a different group.
Sphyraena Rose, 112; type aqpiiQaiva Aristotle = Esox sphyr^na L.
This antedates Sphyr^na Bloch & Schneider, 1801, for the same genus.
Hepatus Rose, 113; type fjjtaxos Aristotle, which is probably Labrus
HEPATUS L., the type of the genus Paracentropristis Bleeker.
Hepatus Gronow is wholly different.
Capriscus Rose, 114; type xajiQioxog Diphili, xduiQog Aristotle, which is
probably Balistes capriscus L.
A synonym of Balistes L.
Taenia Rose, 114; type taivia Aristotle = Cepola t^nia L.
The genus is equivalent to Cepola L., and is preoccupied in Worms by
T^nia L.
Pholis Rose, 116; type q)orig Aristotle = Blennius pholis L.
Equivalent to Pholis Cuv. & Val., not of Scopoli, 1777.
Citharus Rose, 116; type xiddpog Aristotle = Pleuronectus lingua-
tula L.
Equivalent to Citharus Bleeker, 1862, and Eucitharus Gill, 1888; not
Citharus Reinhardt, 1838, which is Hippoglossoides.
Liparis Rose, 117; type "Liparis nostras Johnson" = Cyclopterus
LIPARIS L.
Equivalent to Cyclogaster Gronow and Liparis Scopoli.
Chelon Rose, 118; type %dKk(x)v or x^Xoyv Aristotle, Chelon of Gesner,
which is probably Mugil chelo Cuv. & Val.
Probably equivalent to Ch^nomugil Gill, but the European and American
types need further comparison.
XLIII. LATHAM, Essay on the various species of Sazv-Fish: Trans-
actions of the Linnsean Society of London, 1794.
John F. Latham.
Pristis Latham, II, 276; type Squalus pristis L.
Same as Pristis Linck.
XLIV. VAHL, Beskrivelse af en nye Fiskeslhegt: Shrivt. Naturh. Selsk.,
Kjobenhavn, III, 1794.
M. Vahl.
Caecula Vahl, III, 2, 149 ; type C^cula pterygera Vahl.
Monotypic.
BLOCK, 1795 53
XLV. BLOCH, Naturgeschichte dcr Ausldndischen Fische, VIII, 1794;
IX, 1795-
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Platystacus Bloch, VIII, 52, 1794; type Platystacus cotylephorus
Bloch, as usually restricted.
Ophicephalus Bloch, VIII, 137, 1794; type Ophicephalus punctatus
Bloch.
Unquestioned. Corrected by later writers to Ophiocephalus.
Sphagebranchus Bloch, IX, 88, 1795 ; type Sphagebranchus rostratus
Bloch.
Monotypic.
Gymnothorax Bloch, IX, 83, 1795; type Gymnothorax mur^na Bloch
= MuR^NA HELENA L.
A synonym of Mur-^na L. Giinther, Cat. Fish, VIII, p. 100, 1870, restricts
the names to allies of Mur^na afra = Lycodontis McClelland, an arrangement
apparently not defensible, as Gymnothorax was plainly a substitute name for
Mur,ena, and must retain the same type, Mur^na Helena L.
Synbranchus Bloch, IX, 86, 1795 ; type Symbranchus marmoratus
Bloch.
Name corrected by later writers to Symbranchus.
Platycephalus Bloch, IX, 96, 1795; type Platycephalus spathula
Bloch = CoTTus iNSiDiATOR Forskal = Callionymus indicus L.
Unquestioned.
Gastrobranchus Bloch, XII, 51, 1797; type Gastrobranchus c^cus
Bloch ^Myxine glutinosa L.
A synonym of Myxine L.
Acanthonotus Bloch, XII, 113, 1797; type Acanthonotus nasus
Bloch, 1797= NOTACANTHUS CHEMNITZI Bloch, I787.
A needless substitute name for Notacanthus.
XLVI. FABRICIUS, Beskrivelse over to sieldne Gronldndske Fiske:
Skrivt. Naturhist. Selskab. Kjobenhavn, 1793, II.
Otto Fabricius.
Campylodon Fabricius, 12; type Campylodon (fabricii Reinhardt),
1838.
A synonym of Notacanthus Bloch. Mononomial and monotypic.
54 THE GENERA OF FISHES
XLVII. VOLTA, Ichthyolithologia Veronensis, 1796.
Serafino Volta.
Blochius Volta, 53; type Blochius longirostris Volta (Family
Blochiid^, fossil).
XLVIII. LACEPEDE, sur le Polyodon feuille: Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom.,
1797.
Bernard Germain ^tienne de la Ville-sur-Illon Comte de
Lacepede.
The name of this author should be written Lacepede. Sherborne, Index Ani-
maliutn, says : "A letter dated 1831 is signed 'b. g. e cte. de Lacepede.' This spell-
ing and accentuation should be adhered to."
Polyodon Lacepede, 49 ; type Polyodon folium Lacepede.
Monotypic.
XLIX. CUVIER, Tableau Elcmentaire, 1798.
Georges Jean Leopold Nicolas Frederic Cuvier.
Mola Cuvier, 323 ; type Diodon mola L.
Equivalent to Mola Koelreuter. Prior to Orthagoriscus Bloch & Schneider,
1801. Monotypic.
Murasnophis Cuvier, 329 ; type Mur^na helena L.
A synonym of Mur^ena L.
L. GEOFFROY SAINT HILAIRE, Description d'nn nonveau Genre
de Poisson: Bull. Soc. Sci. Philom., Ill, "An X de la Repub-
lique," 1798.
£tienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire.
Polypterus St. Hilaire, 97 ; type Polypterus bichir St. Hilaire.
Monotypic.
LI. RETZIUS, Lampris, En ny Fiskslagt Beskriven: Vet. Acad. Nya
Handl., Stockholm, XX, 1799.
A. J. Retzius.
Lampris Retzius, 91 ; type Zeus guttatus Briinnich = Zeus regius
Bonnaterre.
SHAW, 1799 55
LII. SHAW, Naturalist's Miscellany, 1799.
George Shaw.
Trachichthys Shaw, 378; type Trachichthys australis Shaw.
Monotypic.
LIII. CUVIER, Lecons d'Anatomie Comparee, 1800.
Georges Cuvier.
Ovoides Cuvier, i, tab. i; type Ovoides fasciatus Lacepede = Tetro-
DON STELLATUS.
After "les Ovoides Lacepede," 1798. Replaces Arothron M tiller.
LIV. LACEPEDE, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, *vol. I, 1798;
II, 1800.
Bernard Germain £tienne de la Ville-sur-Illon, Comte de
Lacepede (here called "Citoyen La Cepede").
The generic names in Volume I, 1798, and Volume II, 1800, to page
160, are nearly all given in French vernacular and are therefore ineli-
gible. Scientific forms for most of these were supplied by Dumeril,
Zoologie Analytique, 1806, from which work the generic names in ques-
tion must be dated.
Aodon Lacepede, I, 297, 1798; type Squalus massasa Forskal, as re-
stricted by Jordan & Evermann.
A shark, perhaps imaginary, with no teeth and with long pectorals. The Latin
name Aodon is used, as well as the French "les Addons."
Ovoides (Lacepede), 521, "les Ovoides"; type "l'Ovoide fasce."
A front view of Tetraodon stellatus L. Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier.
Spheroides (Lacepede) Dumeril (les Spheroides), II, 22, 1800; type
LE Spheroide tubercule Lacepede.
A front view of Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. A synonym of Tetraodon as
here understood.
* Of this work we have before us two reprints, neither with the original pag-
ination. This, however, we are able to give, through the kindness of Mr. Henry
W. Fowler of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, who has supplied
us with a complete list of the genera and the pages on which they occur.
In the original edition the author styles himself "Citoyen La Cepede."
56 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Macrorhynchus (Lacepede) Dumeril (les Macrorhynques) ; type le
Macrorhinque argente Lacepede, Syngnathus argenteus
Osbeck.
Probably replaces Dicrotus Giinther.
Caecilia Lacepede), II, 134, 1800 (les C^cilies) ; type Cecilia bran-
DERiANA Lacepede ^= Mur^na c^ca L.
Not CECILIA L., a genus of Amphibians. A synonym of Sphagebranchus
Bloch.
Monopterus (Lacepede), Dumeril, II, 138, 1800 (les Monopteres) ;
type Monopterus javanensis Lacepede.
Notopterus Lacepede, II, 189, 1800; type Gymnotus kaperat Bonna-
terre (Gymnotus notopterus Pallas).
Ophisurus Lacepede, II, 195, 1800; type Mur^na serpens L. as re-
stricted by Risso, 1826.
Triurus Lacepede, II, 200, 1800; type Triurus bougainvillei Lace-
pede, later called Pomatias by Bloch & Schneider.
Unidentified. A deep-sea fish, apparently allied to Aulostomatomorpha
Alcock, but without ventral fins.
Apteronotus Lacepede, II, 208, 1800; type Apteronotus passan Lace-
pede = Gymnotus albifrons L.
Must replace Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider.
Odontognathus Lacepede, 220, 1800; type Odontognathus muricatus
Lacepede.
Macrognathus Lacepede, II, 283, 1800; type Ophidium aculeatum L.
Replaces Rhynchobdella Bloch & Schneider, with the same type. The name
Macrognathus was used by Gronow in 1754 (but not in 1763) to designate the
group called Belone Cuvier.
Comephorus Lacepede, II, 312, 1800; type Callionymus baikalensis
Bonnaterre.
Monotypic.
Rhombus Lacepede, II, 312, 1800; type Stromateus alepidotus L.
Preoccupied, replaced by Peprilus Cuvier.
Muraenoides Lacepede, II, 324, 1800; type Blennius mur^noides
Sujef (Blennius gunnellus L.).
Equivalent to Pholis Scopoli, 1777.
Calliomorus Lacepede, II, 343, 1800; type Callionymus indicus L.
Synonym of Platycephalus Bloch.
BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, 180I 57
Batrachoides Lacepede, II, 351, 1800; type Batrachoides tau La-
cepede.
Not Gadus tau L.
Because the body is said to be covered with scales, "molles, petites, minces,
rondes, brunes, bordees de blanc et arrosees par une mucosite tres abondantes," we
cannot identify this genus with the naked Gadus tau L., which is identical with
the type of Opsanus Rafinesque.
Oligopodus Lacepede, II, 511, 1800; type Coryph^na velifera Pallas.
Equivalent to Pteraclis Gronow.
Hiatula Lacepede, II, 522, 1800; type Hiatula gardeniana Lacepede
^ Labrus onitis L. = Labrus hiatula L.
Not Hiatula Modeer, 1793, a genus of Mollusks. Gives way to Tautoga
Cuvier.
Tffinioides Lacepede, II, 532, 1800; type TyENioiDES hermannianus
Lacepede.
Gobioides Lacepede, II, 576, 1800; type Gobius broussoneti Lacepede,
as restricted by Jordan & Evermann, 1898.
Gobiomorus Lacepede, II, 583, 1800; type Gobiomorus dormitor
Lacepede, as restricted by Jordan.
Replaces Philypnus Bloch & Schneider, 1801.
Gobiomoroides Lacepede, II, 592, 1800; type Gobiomoroides pison
Lacepede = Gobius pisonis L., a species of Eleotris Gronow.
Monotypic.
Gobiesox Lacepede, II, 595, 1800; type Gobiesox cephalus Lacepede.
Monotypic.
LV. BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, Systema Ichthyologia, 1801.
Mark Elieser Bloch.
Edited and extended by Johann Gottlob Schneider.
Batrachus Bloch & Schneider, 42; type Batrachus surinamensis
Schneider, as restricted by Jordan & Evermann.
The name has been usually applied to the congeners of Gadus tau L., not of
Bloch, the group called Opsanus by Rafinesque. But no ally of the scaleless
Gadus tau is placed in Batrachoides by Lacepede or in Batrachus by Schneider,
only scaly species being known to either.
Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider, 50; type, as first restricted, Gadus
cimbrius L. (Rhinonemus cimbrius Gill).
Not Enchelyopus of Gronow, which is Zoarces Cuvier, nor of Klein, which
is Trichiurus.
58 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Phycis Bloch & Schneider, 56; type Blennius phycis L. (Phycis tinca
Bloch & Schneider).
Equivalent to Phycis Rose, 1793; not Phycis Fabricius, 1798, a genus of
Butterflies.
Periophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, 63 ; type Periophthalmus papilio
Bloch & Schneider.
Eleotris Bloch & Schneider, 65; type Eleotris Gronow (Gobius pisonis
Gmelin).
The name is borrowed from Gronow, whose Eleotris is the Eleotris of
Cuvier and subsequent authors. But Eleotris pisonis is indicated by Schneider
as "a species of doubtful relations, perhaps a Periophthalmus." We let the
current arrangement stand, though on shaky foundation, unless the names of
Gronow are finally accepted. The genus Eleotris of Bloch & Schneider represents
an utter confusion of species, many of them not gobies at all.
Brama Bloch & Schneider, 98; type Sparus raji Bloch.
Not Brama Klein, which is Abramis Cuvier.
Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 100; type Gasterosteus japonicus
Houttuyn.
Monotypic.
Sphyraena Bloch & Schneider, 109; type Esox sphyr^na L.
Equivalent to Umbla Catesby. Subsequent to Sphyr.ena Rose.
Trichogaster Bloch & Schneider, 164; type Trichogaster fasciatus
Bloch & Schneider.
Centronotus Bloch & Schneider, 165; type Centronotus fasciatus
Schneider.
A synonym of Pholis Scopoli.
Percis Bloch & Schneider, 179; type Percis maculata Schneider.
Not Percis Klein nor of Scopoli. Replaced by Parapercis Bleeker. Mono-
typic.
Trichonotus Bloch & Schneider, 179; type Trichonotus setiger Bloch
& Schneider.
Monotypic.
Monoceros Bloch & Schneider, 180; type Monoceros biaculeatus
Bloch & Schneider (Ch^todon unicornis Forskal).
Name preoccupied in Mollusks. Equivalent to Naso Lacepede.
Grammistes Bloch & Schneider, 182; type Perca sexlineata Thun-
berg.
A jumble of striped fishes, restricted by Cuvier to the Grammistes of Seba,
G. sexlineatus.
Synanceja Bloch & Schneider, 194; type Scorp^na horrida L.
By common consent. Commonly written Synanceia.
BLOCH & SCHNEIDER, 180I 59
Amphiprion Bloch & Schneider, 200; type Lutjanus ephippium Bloch.
Amphacanthus Bloch & Schneider, 206; type Ch^todon guttatus
Bloch.
Equivalent to Teuthis L. as restricted = Siganus Forskal.
Alphestes Bloch & Schneider, 236; type Alphestf-S afer Bloch &
Schneider.
Cephalopholis Bloch & Schneider, 311; type Cephalopholis argus
Bloch & Schneider.
Monotypic. Replaces Enneacentrus Gill.
Calliodon Bloch & Schneider, 312; type Calliodon lineatus Bloch &
Schneider (Scarus croicensis Bloch).
Equivalent to Callyodon Gronow^.
Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 336; type Cichla ocellaris Bloch &
Schneider as restricted by Heckel, 1840.
Name to be changed if Cicla Klein is eligible.
Rhina Bloch & Schneider, 353 ; type Rhina ancylostomus Bloch &
Schneider.
Not of Klein ; equivalent to Rhamphobatis Gill.
Rhinobatus Bloch & Schneider, 353 ; type Raja rhinobatus Forskal.
Equivalent to Rhinobatos Linck.
Anableps Bloch & Schneider, 389 ; type Anableps tetrophthalmus
Bloch & Schneider (Cobitis anableps L.).
Equivalent to Anableps Gronow and of Scopoli.
Synodus Bloch & Schneider, 396; type Esox synodus L.
Replaces Saurus Cuvier.
Chauliodus Bloch & Schneider, 430; type Chauliodus sloani Schneider.
Albula Bloch & Schneider, 433 ; type Albula conorhynchus Schneider
(Esox vuLPES L.). Albula Gronow.
Not Albula Osbeck. To stand as Butyrinus Lacepede, if Osbeck's names are
accepted.
Poecilia Bloch & Schneider, 453 ; type Pcecilia vivipara Bloch &
Schneider.
By common consent.
Polyodon (Lacepede) Bloch & Schneider, 457; type "le Polydon
feuille" Lacepede, i798 = Squalus spathula Walbaum.
Rhynchobdella Bloch & Schneider, 479 ; type Rhynchobdella orient-
ALis Bloch & Schneider = Ophidium aculeatum Bloch.
As restricted by Cuvier. A synonym of Macrognathus Lacepede, 1800.
Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider, 497; type Gymnotus albifrons L.
A synonym of Apteronotus Lacepede, 1800.
60 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Orthagoriscus Bloch & Schneider, (misprinted Orthragoriscus), 510;
type DiODON mola (Bloch).
Equivalent to Mola Kcelreuter.
Bogmarus Bloch & Schneider, 518; type Bogmarus islandicus Bloch
& Schneider (Gymnogaster arcticus Briinnich).
A synonym of Trachipterus Gouan. Monotypic.
Gymnonotus Bloch & Schneider, 521 ; type Gymnotus carapo L. (cor-
rected spelling for Gymnotus).
Ovum Bloch & Schneider, 530; type Ovum commersoni Bloch &
Schneider = "l'Ovoide fasce, Lacepede, 1798.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier. Ovum Martin, 1764, is recorded by
Sherborne as a "vernacular name only."
Typhlobranchus Bloch & Schneider, 537; type Typhlobranchus spur-
lus Bloch & Schneider.
Monotypic, not identified. A river eel of Tropical America, without gill-
openings. Doubtless a synonym of Symbranchus.
Gnathobolus Bloch & Schneider, 556; type Odontognathus mucro-
NATUS Lacepede.
• Equivalent to Odontognathus.
Pomatias Bloch & Schneider, 559; type Triurus bougainvillei Lace-
pede.
Equivalent to Triurus.
Fluta Bloch & Schneider, 565 ; type Monopterus javanensis Lacepede.
Equivalent to Monopterus. Like the two preceding, a needless substitute name.
LVL LACEPEDE, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, vol. Ill, 1802;
IV and V, 1803.
Bernard Germain Lacepede.
Scomberoides Lacepede, III, 50, 1802; type Scomberoides commerson-
ianus Lacepede (Scomber lysan Forskal).
Caranx Lacepede, III, 57, 1802; type Scomber carangus Bloch =
Caranx hippos L., as restricted by Bleeker, the first reviser.
The generic name Caranx was taken by Lacepede from the manuscripts of
Commerson, who first applied the name to Scomber speciosus Forskal. In revising
the genus, Bleeker referred speciosus to a new genus, Gnathanodon. This view
Dr. Gill accepted at first, but later selected speciosus as the type of Caranx,
leaving some older name as Tricropterus Rafinesque or Carangus Griffith for the
bulk of the species of this extensive group. Later, by the process of elimination,
Caranx ruber was selected by Jordan as type of Caranx. On the whole it seems
LACEPEDE, 1803 61
most just, as it is certainly most convenient, to recognize the right of Bleeker as
"first reviser." Caranx carangus is congeneric with C. ruber.
Trachinotus Lacepede, III, 78, 1802; type Scomber falcatus Forskal.
Caranxomorus Lacepede, III, 82, 1802 ; type Scomber pelagicus L.
Synonym of Coryph^na L.
Caesio Lacepede, III, 85, 1802; type C^sio c^ruleoaureus Lacepede.
Caesiomorus Lacepede, III, 92, 1802; type C^siomorus bailloni Lace-
pede.
Genus probably valid ; equivalent to Glaucus Klein.
Coris Lacepede, III, 96, 1802; type Coris aygula Lacepede.
Gomphosus Lacepede, III, 100, 1802; type Gomphosus c^ruleus
Lacepede.
Naso Lacepede, III, 105, 1802; type Ch^todon fronticornis L.
Adopted from Commerson ms. Commerson writes Naseus, but the form
Naso occurs first. Identical with Monoceros Bloch & Schneider, the latter pre-
occupied.
Kyphosus Lacepede, III, 114, 1802; type Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepede.
Osphronemus Lacepede, III, 116, 1802; type Osphronemus gouramy
Lacepede.
Written Osphromenus by Giinther.
Trichopodus Lacepede, III, 125, 1802 ; type Trichopodus mentum
Lacepede (Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede).
Monodactylus Lacepede, III, 131, 1802; type Monodactylus falci-
form is Lacepede.
Called PsETTUS by Commerson in ms. as quoted by Lacepede. Monotypic.
Plectorhinchus Lacepede, III, 134, 1802; type Plectorhinchus
CH^TODONOiDES Lacepede.
Monotypic. Replaces Diagram ma Cuvier.
Pogonias Lacepede, III, 137; type Pogonias fasciatus Lacepede =
Labrus cromis Lacepede.
Bostrychus Lacepede, III, 144, 1802 ; type Bostrychus sinensis Lace-
pede.
Not BosTRicHus Geoffroy 1762, a genus of Insects. Replaced by Bostrich-
THYS Dumeril, 1806, by PsiLUS Fischer, 1813, and by Ictiopogon Rafinesque, 1815.
Bostrychoides Lacepede, III, 144, 1802; type Bostrychoides oculatus
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Hemipteronotus Lacepede, III, 214, 1802; type Hemipteronotus quin-
quemaculatus Lacepede (Coryph^na pentadactyla Gmelin).
62 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Coryphaenoides Lacepede, III, 219, 1802; type Coryph^noides hout-
TUYNi Lacepede (Coryph^na japonica Houttuyn).
Not CoRYPH^NOiDES Gunncr. Replaced by Branchiostegus Rafinesque, 1815,
which is earlier than Latilus Cuvier & Val., 1830.
Aspidophorus Lacepede, III, 221, 1802; type Aspidophorus armatus
Lacepede (Cottus cataphractus Lacepede).
Equivalent to Agonus Bloch & Schneider.
Aspidophoroides Lacepede, III, 227, 1802; type Aspidophoroides
tranquebar Lacepede (Agonus monopterygius Bloch &
Schneider).
Scomberomorus Lacepede, III, 292, 1802; type Scomberomorus
PLUMiERi Lacepede (Scomber regalis Bloch).
Centropodus Lacepede, III, 303, 1802; type Scomber rhombeus For-
skal.
A synonym of Monodactylus Lacepede.
Centronotus Lacepede, III, 309, 1802; type Centronotus conductor
Lacepede ( Gasterosteus ductor Lacepede).
Not Centronotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Pholis Scopoli). Replaced by
Naucrates Rafinesque.
Lepisacanthus Lacepede, III, 320, 1802; type Lepisacanthus japon-
icus Lacepede (Gasterosteus japonicus L.).
Equivalent to Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monotypic.
Cephalacanthus Lacepede, III, 323, 1802; type Gasterosteus spina-
rella L.
The young of some species of Dactylopterus. Monotypic.
Dactylopterus Lacepede, III, 325, 1802; type Dactylopterus pirapeda
Lacepede (Trigla volitans L.).
Equivalent to Cephalacanthus Lacepede.
Prionotus Lacepede, III, 336, 1802; type Prionotus evolans Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Peristedion Lacepede, III, 368, 1802; type Peristedion malarmat
Lacepede (Trigla cataphracta L.).
Monotypic.
Istiophorus Lacepede, III, 374, 1802; type Scomber gladius Brous-
sonet.
Monotypic. Spelled Histiophorus by Cuvier.
Apogon Lacepede, III, 411, 1802; type Apogon ruber Lacepede (Mul-
LUS imberbis L.).
Monotypic. Equivalent to Amia Gronow.
LACEPEDE, 1803 63
Macropodus Lacepede, III, 416, 1802 ; type Macropodus viridiauratus
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Cheilinus Lacepede, III, 529, 1802; 'type Cheilinus trilobatus Lace-
pede.
Monotypic.
Cheilodipterus Lacepede, III, 539, 1802; type Cheilodipterus
lineatus Lacepede^ Cheilodipterus octovittatus Cuv. &
Val., as restricted by Cuv. & Val.
Hologymnosus Lacepede, III, 556, 1802; type Hologymnosus fas-
ciATUs Lacepede (Coris annulatus Lacepede, 1802).
Equivalent to Coris.
Ostorhinchus Lacepede, IV, 23, 1803; type Ostorhinchus fleurieu
Lacepede.
Monotypic ; subgenus of Apogon.
Dipterodon Lacepede, IV, 165, 1803 ; type Dipterodon hexacanthus
Lacepede.
A species of Apocon, as restricted by Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North Mid.
Anier., 1106. Not Dipterodon Cuvier.
Centropomus Lacepede, IV, 248, 1803 ; type Sci.«na undecimalis
Bloch, by common consent, as restricted by Cuvier.
Originally a peculiarly confused jumble of species.
Taenianotus Lacepede, IV, 303, 1803; type T^nionotus triacanthus
Lacepede, restricted by Cuv. & Val., Hist. Poiss., IV, 371.
Micropterus Lacepede, IV, 324, 1803; type Micropterus dolomieu
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Harpe Lacepede, IV, 426, 1803; type Harpe c^ruleoaureus Lacepede
(Labrus rufus L.).
A synonym of Bodianus Bloch and of Helops Browne.
Pimelepterus Lacepede, IV, 429, 1803 ; type Pimelepterus bosci Lace-
pede.
Monotypic. A synonym of Kyphosus Lacepede.
Cheilio Lacepede, IV, 432, 1803; type Cheilio auratus Lacepede
(Labrus inermis Forskal).
Pomatomus Lacepede, IV, 435, 1803; type Pomatomus skib Lacepede
(Perca saltatrix L.).
Monotypic. The name afterwards improperly transferred by Cuvier to a
genus of Apogonid^, Epigonus Rafinesque.
54 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Leiostomus Lacepede, IV, 438, 1803 ; type Leiostomus xanthurus
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Centrolophus Lacepede, IV, 441 ; type Perca nigra L,
Leiognathus Lacepede, IV, 448; type Leiognathus argenteus Lace-
pede (Scomber edentulus Bloch).
Monotypic. Prior to Equula Cuvier.
Acanthinion Lacepede, IV, 499, 1803 ; type Ch^todon rhomboides L.
Equivalent to Trachinotus.
Chaetodipterus Lacepede, IV, 503 ; type Ch^todipterus plumieri Lace-
pede (Zeus faber Gmelin).
Monotypic.
Pomacentrus Lacepede, IV, 505, 1803; type Ch.^todon pavo Bloch,
By general consent.
Pomadasys Lacepede, IV, 515, 1803; type Sci^na argentea Forskal.
Monotypic. Prior to Pristipoma Cuvier.
Pomacanthus Lacepede, IV, 517, 1803; type Ch^todon arcuatus L.,
as restricted by Cuvier.
Holacanthus Lacepede, IV, 525, 1803; type Ch^todon tricolor L., as
restricted by Cuvier.
Enoplosus (White) Lacepede, IV, 540, 1803; type Ch^todon armatus
White.
Monotypic.
Glyphisodon Lacepede, IV, 542, 1803; type Glyphisodon moucharra
Lacepede (Ch^todon saxatilis L.).
Equivalent to Abudefduf Forskal. Usually written Glyphidodon.
Aspisurus Lacepede, IV, 556, 1803; type Ch.etodon sohar Forskal.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Acanthurus Forskal, Teuthis L.
Acanthopodus Lacepede, IV, 558, 1803; type Acanthopodus argen-
teus Lacepede (Monodactylus falciformis Lacepede).
A synonym of Monodactylus.
Selene Lacepede, IV, 560, 1803; type Selene argentea Lacepede
(Zeus vomer Cuvier).
Argyreiosus Lacepede, IV, 566, 1803 ; type Zeus vomer L.
Monotypic. A synonym of Selene.
Gallus Lacepede, IV, 583, 1803; type Callus virescens Lacepede
(Zeus gallus L.).
Monotypic. Not Gallus L., a genus of hens. Replaced by Alectis Rafin-
esque and Gallichthys Cuvier,
LACEPiDE, 1803 65
Chrysotosus Lacepede, IV, 586, 1803; type Zeus luna Gmelin.
A synonym of Lampris. Monotypic.
Capros Lacepede, IV, 590, 1803; type Zeus aper L.
Monotypic.
Achirus Lacepede, IV, 658, 1803; type Pleuronectes achirus L.
As fixed by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883. Achirus fasciatus Lacepede was
wrongly supposed to be identical with Pleuronectes achirus L.
Makaira Lacepede, IV, 688, 1803; type Makaira nigricans Lacepede.
Monotypic. A synonym of Istiophorus.
Cirrhitus Lacepede, V, 2, 1803; type Cirrhitus maculatus Lacepede.
Monotypic. Written Cirrhites by Cuvier.
Cheilodactylus Lacepede, V, 5, 1803; type Cheilodactylus fasciatus
Lacepede,
Monotypic.
Misgurnus Lacepede, V, 16, 1803; type Cobitis fossilis L.
Monotypic.
Fundulus Lacepede, V, -i.y, 1803 ; type Fundulus mudfish Lacepede
(Cobitis heteroclita Gmelin).
Colubrina Lacepede, V, 40, 1803 ; type Colubrina chinensis Lacepede.
An unidentified Chinese painting, probably fictitious.
Butyrinus Lacepede, V, 45, 1803; type Butyrinus banana Lacepede
(ESOX VULPES L.).
Equivalent to Albula of Gronow and of Schneider, not Albula Osbeck.
Should apparently replace Albula Gronow.
Tripteronotus Lacepede, V, 47, 1803; type Tripteronotus hautin
Lacepede (Salmo lavaretus L.).
Mutilated example. Equivalent to Coregonus L.
Ompok Lacepede, V, 49, 1803 ; type Ompok siluroides Lacepede.
Replaces Callichrous Hamilton.
Macropteronotus Lacepede, V, 84, 1803; type Macropteronotus
CHARMUTH Laccpede (Silurus anguillaris L.).
Identical with Clarias Gronow.
Malapterurus Lacepede, V, 90, 1803; type Silurus electricus L.
Monotypic. A synonym of Torpedo Forskal.
Pimelodus Lacepede, V, 93, 1803; type Pimelodus maculatus Lace-
pede.
As restricted by Cuvier, Gill and authors.
Doras Lacepede, V, 116, 1803; type Silurus carinatus L.
Pogonathus Lacepede, V, 120, 1803 ; type Pogonathus courbina Lace-
pede.
Identical with Pogonias Lacepede, 1802.
66 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Plotosus Lacepede, V, 129, 1803; type Platystacus anguillaris Bloch
(SiLURUS ANGUILLARIS Forskal).
Ageneiosus Lacepede, V, 132, 1803; type Ageneiosus armatus Lace-
pede (SiLURUS MILITARIS L.).
Macrorhamphosus Lacepede, V, 136, 1803 ; type Silurus cornutus L.
Equivalent to Centriscus Cuvier, not of Linnaeus.
Centranodon Lacepede, V, 138, 1803; type Centranodon japonicus
Lacepede (Silurus imberbis Houttuyn) = Callionymus in-
DICUS L.
Monotypic and unidentifiable, perhaps based on rough notes of Platy-
CEPHALU?.
Hypostomus Lacepede, V, 144, 1803 ; type Hypostomus guacari Lace-
pede (Loricaria plecostomus L.).
Monotypic. Identical with Plecostomus Gronow.
Corydoras Lacepede, V, 147, 1803; type Corydoras geoffroy Lace-
pede (Cataphractus punctatus Bloch).
Tachysurus Lacepede, V, 150, 1803; type Tachysurus sinensis Lace-
pede.
A Chine.se picture of some species of Arius Cuvier, which name it replaces, if
identifiable.
Osmerus Lacepede, V, 229, 1803; type Salmo eperlanus L.
Equivalent to Osmeri L.
Coregonus Lacepede, V, 239, 1803 ; type Salmo lavaretus L.
Equivalent to Coregoni L.
Characinus Lacepede, V, 269, 1803 ; type Salmo gibbosus L.
Equivalent to Characini L. and to Charax Gronow, Scopoli.
Serrasalmus Lacepede, V, 283, 1803; type Salmo rhombeus L.
Monotypic. Written Serrasalmo by Cuvier.
Megalops Lacepede, V, 289, 1803 ; type Megalops filamentosus Lace-
pede.
Monotypic.
Lepisosteus Lacepede, V, 331, 1803; type Lepisosteus gavialis Lace-
pede (ESOX OSSEUS L.).
Usually written Lepidosteus.
Scomberesox Lacepede, V, 344, 1803 ; type Scomberesox cam peri Lace-
pede (Esox SAURUS Walbaum).
Monotypic.
Aulostomus Lacepede, V, 356, 1803; type Aulostomus chinensis
Lacepede (Fistularia chinensis L.).
Monotypic. Usually written Aulostoma.
LACEPEDE, 1803 67
Solenostomus Lacepede, V, 360, 1803; type Fistularia pakadoxa
Pallas.
Monotypic. Not Solenostomus Gronow nor of Klein.
Hydrargira Lacepede, V, 378, 1803; type Hydrargira sw ampin a Lace-
pede (FuNDULUs MAjALis Walbaum).
Usually written Hydrargyra. Monotypic. Not separable from Fundulus.
Stolephorus Lacepede, V, 381, 1803; type Atherina japonica Hout-
tuyn (Spratelloides argyrot^nia Bleeker).
Restriction of Jordan & Evermann, 1896.
The first species named by Lacepede, Atherina japonica Houttuyn, was un-
known to him, and very scantily and incorrectly described by its discoverer. Sev-
eral authors — Bleeker, Jordan & Evermann — have assumed this species to be the
type, and that it was congeneric with the second species named, from which La-
cepede drew up his generic description and of which he gave a figure.
Study of the fauna of Nagasaki shows that no species of the modern genus
Stolephorus has been yet found there and that the Atherina japonica of Hout-
tuyn is most likely a description from rough notes or from memory of Spratel-
loides argyrot.«nia Bleeker. Atherina japonica was the first species to be for-
mally named as type of Stolephorus. It would have been more convenient to
assume the one species known to Lacepede to be his type, reverting to the system
of Bleeker, who first acted on this supposition but who named no type formally.
In that case Stolephorus would become the equivalent of Anchoviella Fowler,
191 1. Menidia Browne, if available, would replace both. But it is necessary here
as elsewhere to recognize the first formally stated type. If this is regarded as
identifiable Stolephorus replaces Spratelloides.
Mugiloides Lacepede, V, 393, 1803; type Mugiloides chilensis Lace-
pede (Esox CHILENSIS Molina).
Replaces Pinguipes Cuv. & Val.
Chanos Lacepede, V, 395, 1803; type Changs arabicus Lacepede
(MUGIL CHANGS L.).
Monotypic.
Mugilomorus Lacepede, V, 397, 1803; type Mugilomorus anna-caro-
lina Lacepede (Elops saurus L.).
Synonym of Elops L.
Polydactylus Lacepede, V, 419, 1803 ; type Polydactylus plumieri
Lacepede (Polynemus virginicus L.).
As understood by us at present, a synonym of Polynemus L.
Euro (Commerson) Lacepede, V, 421, 1803; type Buro brunneus
Lacepede (Teuthis hexagonatus Bleeker).
Monotj'pic. Same as Siganus.
Mystus Lacepede, V, 466, 1803 ; type Mystus clupeoides Lacepede
(Clupea mystus L.), a species of Coilia Gray.
The name Mystus is preoccupied.
68 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Clupanodon Lacepede, V, 468, 1803 ; type Clupea thrissa L.
As restricted by Rafinesque, 1815, through substitution for Clupanodon the
more euphonious name of Thrissa. The name Clupanodon has been variously
treated. It should properly replace Konosirus Jordan & Snyder, although La-
cepede's account of "Clupanodon thrissa" is taken mainly from the West Indian
"Caillieu-Tassart," Ophisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur), the Clupea thrissa of
Broussonet, but not of Linnaeus.
Mene Lacepede, V, 479, 1803 ; type Mene anna-carolina Lacepede
(Zeus maculatus Bloch), Mene maculata of authors.
Monotypic.
Dorsuarius Lacepede, V, 482, 1803 ; type Dorsuarius nigrescens Lace-
pede.
A species of Kyphosus Lacepede. Monotypic.
Xyster Lacepede, V, 484, 1803; type Xyster fuscus Lacepede.
Equivalent to Kyphosus. Monotypic.
Cyprinodon Lacepede, V, 486, 1803 ; type Cyprinodon variegatus
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Murasnophis Lacepede, V, 627, 1803; type Mur^na Helena Lacepede.
Equivalent to Mur^na L.
Gymnomuraena Lacepede, V, 648, 1803; type Gymnomur^na doliata
Lacepede,
As first restricted by Kaup, 1856. Bleeker and Giinther have used G. marmo-
RATA Lacepede as type, thus replacing Uropterygius Riippell. A synonym of
Echidna.
Muraenoblenna Lacepede, V, 652, 1803; type Mur.enoblenna olivacea
Lacepede.
A synonym of Myxine L. Monotypic.
Unibranchapertura Lacepede, V, 656, 1803; type Symbranchus mar-
moratus Bloch.
A synonym of Symbranchus.
LVIL SEWASTIANOFF, Acarauna, Piscium Thoracices, 1796 (1802).
Acarauna Sewastianoff, 357; type Acarauna longirostris Sewastian-
off (Gomphosus c^ruleus Lacepede).
Equivalent to Gomphosus Lacepede, and apparently of later date. Not seen
by us.
COMMERSON, 1803 69
LVIII. COMMERSON, Lacepcde, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, II,
1798; III, 1800; IV, V, 1803.
Philibert Commerson.
Commerson was an active and accurate naturalist-explorer who col-
lected mainly in the South Seas. His specimens were accompanied by
manuscript names, polynomial in form. The author had a full grasp
of the meaning of "genus," as he spoke sometimes of a "genus novissi-
mum," Xyster, for example. Many of his generic names were adopted
by Lacepede and have found their way into the system. The others are
here enumerated. These have been formally accepted as eligible by the
International Commission (Opinions 23 and 24 as to Antennarius and
Aspro). We think that this decision might well be reconsidered as
Commerson was not "binomial" and his names were not adopted by the
author who first printed them as synonyms.
The names of Commerson may be ineligible as not binomial as to
species and not accepted by the author who published them. Accepted
provisionally by the International Commission.
Antennarius Commerson, I, 327, 1798, footnote; type Antennarius
BIVERTEX TOTUS ATER PUNCTO MEDIORUM, LATERUM ALBO CommCF-
son (in foot-note) = Lophius commersonianus Lacepede.
Equivalent to Chironectes Cuvier and Antennarius Cuvier. Regarded as
eligible, in Opinion 24, International Commission.
Alticus Commerson, II, 458, 1800, footnote under Blennius; type
Alticus saltatorius pinna spuria in capite vertice, Blennius
SALiENS Lacepede.
Accepted by Jordan & Scale, Fishes Samoa, 421, 1806. Equivalent to Rupis-
cartes Swainson. Cuv. & Val., XI, 337, 1836, adopted the name Salarias alticus
for the Blennius saliens, "un petit Salarias qui nous parait etre celui-la meme
pour lequel Commerson a etabli son genre, Alticus."
Sciaenus Commerson, III, footnote under Caranxomorus ; type Sci^nus
EX Fusco c^rulescens : Caranxomorus sacrestinus Lacepede,
Labrus furcatus Lacepede.
Identical with Aphareus Cuv. & Val., the name apparently a variant of Sci-
jENA. Apparently ineligible.
Naseus Commerson, III, 105, under Naso; type Naseus fronticornis
Fuscus Commerson (Ch^todon fronticornis L.).
Equivalent to Naso Lacepede, Naseus Cuv. & Val.
70 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Coryphus Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Coryph^na ; type
CoRYPHUs CHRYSURus UNDiQUE DEAURATUS etc. Commerson,
CORYPH^NA CHRYSURUS Laccpede, CORYPH^NA HIPPURUS L.
Same as Coryph^na.
Elops Commerson, III, 100, 1802, footnote under Gomphosus ; type
GoMPHosus TRICOLOR Lacepede.
Equivalent to Acarauna Sewastianoff or to Gomphosus Lacepede.
Psettus Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Monodactylus ; type
PSETTUS SPINIS PINNARUM VENTRALIUM LOCO DUABUS CommerSOn
(Monodactylus falciformis Lacepede).
Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes. A synonym of Monodactylus Lacepede.
Not Psettus Klein.
Odax Commerson, III, 1802, footnote under Scarus; type Odax odon
Commerson = Scarus chadri Lacepede = Scarus nicer Forskal.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Callyodon Gronow. If the names of Commerson
are accepted, Odax Cuvier requires a new name.
Mylio Commerson, III, 131, 1802, footnote under Sparus ; type Mylto
lineis longitudinalibus pluribus Commerson Ms. = Sparus
MYLIO Lacepede =: Ch^todon bifasciatus Bloch.
Equivalent to Sparus L.
Aspro Commerson, IV, 273, 1803, footnote; type Aspro dorso diptery-
Gio dentibus raris, et longis et exsertis etc. Commerson Ms.
:^ Cheilodipterus macrodon Lacepede, as restricted by Jordan,
Opinion 23, Zoolgical Nomenclature, 56, 1910.
A synonym of Cheilodipterus as now^ restricted. Not Aspro Cuvier.
Opisotomus Commerson, IV, 1803, footnote.
We have been unable to find this name.
Zanclus Commerson, V, 1803, footnote under Ch^todon (misprinted
Zanchus) ; type Zanclus transverse fasciatus Commerson
Ms. = Ch^todon cornutus Bloch.
Monotypic. Revived by Cuvier & Valenciennes, VH, 102, 1831.
Oculeus Commerson, V, 289, 1803, footnote under Megalops ; type
OcuLEUs seu megalops postremo pinn^ etc. Commerson
(Megalops cyprinoides Lacepede).
Equivalent to Megalops.
Aulus Commerson, V, 1803, footnote under Fistularia ; type Aulus
UROGNOMON etc., FiSTULARIA TABACARIA L.
Equivalent to Fistularia.
PLUMIER, 1803 71
Encrasicholus Commerson, V, 382, 1803, footnote under Clupea; type
Encrasicholus mandibula inferiore breviore, t^nia laterali
ARGENTEA Commerson (Clupea vittargentea Lacepede).
Equivalent to Anchoviella Fowler (Menidia Browne).
Pterichthus Commerson, V, 401, 1803, footnote under Exoccetus; type
"Pterichthus pinnis pectoralibus radiorum sexdecim ven-
tralibus intra corporis /equilibrium nequidem ad anum
apice pertingentibus."
As indicated by Lacepede, this species, the one placed first by Commerson,
seems to be Exoccetus volitans L. A synonym of Exoccetus.
Halex Commerson, V, 462, 1803, footnote under Clupea; type Halex
coRPORE late catheteplateo ctc. Commerson, Clupea fasciata
Lacepede, a species of Leiognathus Lacepede.
LIX. PLUMIER, Lacepede, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, II, 1798;
III, 1800; IV, V, 1803.
Charles Plumier.
Le Pere Plumier, a missionary in Martinique, sent to Lacepede num-
erous paintings of fishes with descriptions and manuscript names. The
generic names used rest on exactly the same basis as those of Commer-
son. As they were polynomial and as they were not accepted by the author
who published them in synonymy, we think that they should not be con-
sidered eligible in scientific nomenclature, a matter which awaits final
decision.
The names probably not acceptable, as polynomial and as not adopted
by the author who printed them.
Orbis Plumier, II, 504, 1800, in footnote under Tetraodon ; type Orbis
minimus Plumier = Tetraodon plumieri Lacepede = Tetraodon
spengleri Bloch.
A synonym of Tetraodon.
Monoceros Plumier, II, 1800, in footnote under Balistes; type Mono-
CERos Piscis CLUsii Plumier.
Probably same as Monacanthus ciliatus L. Equivalent to Monocanthus
Cuvier. Not Monoceros Zimmermann, 1780, a genus of Gasteropods ; not Mono-
ceros Bloch & Schneider, 1801.
Asellus Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Gobiomorus ; type Asellus
palustris Plumier (Platycephalus dormitator Bloch &
Schneider.
Identical with Gobiomorus Lacepede, as restricted. Philypnus Cuvier.
72 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Pelamis Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Scomberoides ; type Pel-
amis MINIMA, VULGO SAUTEUR Plumicr (ScOMBER SALIENS Bloch).
Identical with Oligoplites Gill. Not Pelamys Klein.
Trachurus Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Caranxomorus ; type
Trachurus maximus squamis minutissimis Plumier = Car-
anxomorus plumierianus Lacepede = Scomber trachurus L.
As here restricted, the same as Trachurus Rafinesque, 1810.
Scorpius Plumier, III, 1802, footnote under Scorp^na ; type Scorpius
NIGER coRNUTUs Plumier (ScoRP^ENA plumieri Lacepede).
The name may be available for the subgenus of Scorp.ena, having the breast
scaly (Parascorp^na Bleeker). In the European type of Scorp^na, Scor-
p^na porcus L., the breast is scaleless.
Sarda Plumier, III, 141, 1802, footnote under Sparus ; type Sarda
CAUDA AUREA ET LUNATA Plumier (Sparus chrysurus Bloch).
Equivalent to Ocyurus Gill. Not Sarda Cuvier, which requires a new name
if the generic names of Plumier are accepted. Monotypic.
Erythrinus (Eritrinus) Plumier, IV, 347; type Erythrinus poly-
GRAAiMOS, Marignan apud caraibas Plumicr (Honocentrus
SOGO Bloch).
A synonym of Holocentrus ; name preoccupied. Elsewhere written Eritrinus.
Chrysomelanus Plumier, IV, 160, 1803, footnote under Sparus; type
Chrysomelanus piscis Plumier, Sparus chrysomelanus Lace-
pede, Anthias striatus Bloch.
A synonym of Epinephelus.
Aper Plumier, IV, 1803, footnote under Sparus; type Aper seu turdus
erythrinus, squamis amplis Plumier (Sparus abildgaardi
Lacepede).
A synonym of Callyodon Gronow. Name preoccupied.
Guaperva Plumier, IV, footnote under Selene; type Guaperva marc-
GRAvii, VULGO LA LUNE Plumicr (Selene argentea Lacepede).
Identical with Selene.
Sargus Plumier, IV, 166, footnote under Dipterodon ; type Sargus
EX AURO viRGATUS Plumicr (Dipterodon plumieri Lacepede =
Sparus synagris L.
Same as Neom^enis Girard. Not Sargus Klein nor Cuvier. Not Sargus
Fabricius, about 1798, a genus of flies.
Pagrus Plumier, IV, 1803, footnote under Bodianus; type Pagrus
LEUCOPH^US VULGO VIVANET GRIS APUD MARTINICAM Plumicr =
Bodianus vivanet Lacepede = Lutianus griseus (L.).
Not Pagrus Cuvier, 1817. Equivalent to Neom^nis Girard ; same as Salpa
Catesby.
SHAW, 1803 73
Chromis Plumier, III, 546, 1803, footnote under Cheilodipterus ; type
Chromis seu tembra aureo-c^rulea litturis fusca variegata
Plumier (Cheilodipterus cyanopterus Lacepede), the "grygry"
or "grogro" of Martinique, Umbrina coroides Cuv. & Val.
The name is older than Umbrina, but later than Cromis Browne. The spe-
cific name Umbrina cyanoptera (Lacepede), based on Plumier's figure, must re-
place COROIDES and broussoneti for this species.
Cheloniger Plumier, IV, 542, 1803, footnote under Cheilodipterus;
type Cheloniger ex auro et argenteg virgatus Plumier
(Cheilodipterus chrysopterus Lac. (Perca nobilis L.).
The name Cheloniger, if eligible, has priority over Conodon Cuvier.
Cephalus Plumier, V, 1803; type Cephalus americanus vulgo atoulri
Plumier (Mugil cephalus L.).
A synonym of Mugil L.
Trichis Plumier, V, 1803, footnote under Clupea alosa; type "Trichis
bellonii la pucelle'' Plumier.
Doubtful, but wrongly identified by Lacepede with Clupea alosa L.
Acus Plumier, V, 1803, footnote under Sphyr^na; type Acus Ameri-
cana, rostri longiori Plumier (Sphyr^na acus Lacepede).
Same as Sphyr^na Rose, 1793.
LX. SHAW, General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History, vol. IV,
1803; vol. V, 1804.
George Shaw.
Anguilla Shaw, IV, 15, 1803 ; type Anguilla vulgaris Shaw (Mur^ena
anguilla L.).
The name Anguilla has been ascribed to Thunberg, but we find no notice of
its use as a generic term prior to Shaw.
Vandellius Shaw, IV, 199, 1803.
Needless substitute for Lepidopus Gouan.
Trichopus Shaw, IV, 392, 1803 ; type Trichopus pallasi Shaw (Labrus
trichopterus Pallas).
Equivalent to Osphronemus Lacepede.
Cephalus Shaw, V, 432, 1804; type Diodon mola L.
Equivalent to Mola Cuvier. Not Cephalus Plumier.
Trachichthys Shaw, IV, 630, 1803; type Trachichthys australis
Shaw.
74 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Spatularia Shaw, V, 362, 1804; type Spatularia reticulata (Squalus
SPATHULA Walbaum).
Synonym of Polyodon Lacepede.
LXI. HERRMANN, Ohservationes Zoologicce, 1804.
JoHANN Herrmann.
Notistium Herrmann, 305, 1804; type Notistium gladius Herrmann.
Equivalent to Istiophorus Lacepede.
LXII. GIORNA, Memoire Sur des Poissons d'Especes Noiivclles et de
genres nouveanx: Memoires de I'Academie Imperiale de Torino,
XVI, 1 803- 1 808.
Michel Esprit Giorna.
Lophotes Giorna, 19, 1805 ; type Lophotes cepedianus Giorna.
Coelorhynchus Giorna, 18, 1805 ; type Ccelorhynchus la ville Giorna.
Trachyrhynchus Giorna, 18, 1805; type (not named) Lepidoleprus
trachyrincus Risso, 1810.
An earlier paper of Giorna is quoted by Dean, Memoire sur cinq pois-
sons dont deux sont d'espcces nouvelles . . . et les trois autres sont de
nouveaux genres: Mem. Acad. Imp. Torino. The date of this paper is
variously given. The three genera above noted were not named. Giorna
would not give the nomenclature until he heard from Lacepede, to whom
he had sent descriptions and drawings. The two species indicated were
Raia giorna Lacepede and Balistes buniva Lacepede.
LXIII. OUENSEL, Forsdk at Narmdre Bestdmma och naturligare Upp-
stdlla Svensk Artenm af Flunderslagte: Kong. Vet. Akad. Nya
Handlung, XXVII, 1806.
C. Quensel.
Solea Quensel, XXVII, 44, 203, 1806; type Pleuronectes solea L.
DUMERIL, 1806 75
LXIV. DUMERIL. Zoologie Analytique, 1806.
Andre Marie Constant Dumeril.
This work furnishes in the Index, pp. 342, 343, Latin equivalents for
French vernacular names used by Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, II,
1798, 1800. (Partly examined by us, some of the pages not verified).
Squatina Dumeril, 102, 342; type (not named) Squatina angelus
Dumeril (Squalus squatina L.).
Equivalent to Rhina Klein.
Torpedo Dumeril, 102, 343; type (not named) Raja torpedo L.
Not Torpedo Forskal. Same as Narcacion Klein. Narcobatis Blainville.
Ovoides (Lacepede) Dumeril, 108, 342; type l'Ovoide fasce.
Based on a front view of Tetraodon stellatus L.
Equivalent to Ovoides Cuvier and Ovum Bloch & Schneider.
Apterichthys Dumeril, 112, 331 ; type Mur^na c^ca L.
Substitute for Cecilia Lacepede, preoccupied. A synonym of Sphagebran-
CHUS Bloch.
Bostrichthys Dumeril, 120, 332; type Bostrychus sinensis Lacepede.
Name a substitute for Bostrychus, preoccupied.
Spheroides (Lacepede) Dumeril, 342; type "le Spheroide tubercule"
Lacepede, 1798.
A front view of Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. A synonym of Tetraodon, as
restricted by Bleeker.
Macrorhynchus (Lacepede) Dumeril, 342; type "Macrorhynque ar-
gentee" Lacepede (Syngnathus argenteus Osbeck).
A species near Dicrotus prometheoides Bleeker. Probably replaces Dicrotus
Giinther.
LXV. DUMERIL, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, 1806.
Andre Marie Constant Dumeril.
Torpedo Dumeril, pi. 21 ; type Raja torpedo L.
Not Torpedo Forskal, 1775; replaced by Narcacion Klein or by Narcobatis
Blainville.
76 THE GENERA OF FISHES
LXVI. HUMBOLDT, Ueber den Eremophiliis und den Astrohlepus,
zwei neue Fisch-Gattungen: Observationes Zoologicse, and in
Philos. Mag., XXIV, 1806.
Alexander von Humboldt.
Eremophilus Humboldt, 17, 329; type Eremophilus mutish Hum-
boldt.
Astroblepus Humboldt, 19, 331 ; type Astroblepus grixalvh Hum-
boldt.
LXVH. DUMERIL, Dissertation sur les Poissons Cyclostomes, 1808.
Andre Marie Constant Dumeril.
Ammocoetus Dumeril; type Petromyzon planeri L.
The larva of Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) and of Petromyzon marinus L.
Preferably retained, under the usual spelling, Ammoccetes, as a designation for
larval lampreys. Otherwise replaces Lampetra Gray, 1854; type Petromyzon
FLUVIATILIS L.
LXVHI. TILESIUS, Descriptions de quelques Poissons: Krusenstern's
Reise um die Welt., Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscow, H, 1809.
W. G. VON TiLESIUS.
Not seen by us.
Ericius Tilesius, 213, 1809; type Ericius (japonicus Houttuyn).
A synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider.
Hexagrammos (Steller) Tilesius, Actse Academ. Petropol, H, 335,
1809; type Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius (Hexagrammos
ASPER Tilesius).
Often written Hexagram mus.
LXIX. GEOFFROY SAINT HILAIRE, Poissons du Nil, de la Mer
Rouge et de la Mediterranee: in Description de I'Egypte, publee
par Napoleon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, I, 1809- 1827.
fixiENNE Franqois Geoffroy Saint Hilaire.
In this huge folio a few species of fishes are described in great detail,
with steel engravings. The work is in three parts, published in 1809,
PALLAS, 181O 77
1818, and 1825, respectively, the second and third parts being prepared
by Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire.
Polypterus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, I, 1809; type Polypterus bichir St.
Hilaire.
LXX. PALLAS, Labraces novum piscium genus Oceani Orientalis :
Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb., 11, 1810.
Peter Simon Pallas.
Labrax Pallas, 11, 382, 1810; type Labrax lagocephalus Pallas.
Not of Klein nor of Cuvier. A synonym of Hexagram mos Steller.
LXXL RISSO, Ichthyologie de Nice, 1810.
Anastase Risso.
Cephalopterus Risso, 14; type Raja giorna Lacepede.
Not Cephalopterus of Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809, a genus of birds. Equiva-
lent to MoBULA Rafinesque.
Lepidoleprus Risso, 197; type Lepidoleprus trachyrhynchus Risso.
A synonym of Trachyrhynchus Giorna.
Tetragonurus Risso, 347; type Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso.
LXXn. RAFINESQUE, Caratteri di Alcuni Nuovi Generi e Nuove
Specie di Animale e Piante della Sicilia, April i, 1810.
CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE-ScHMALTZ
(later written simply "Rafinesque").
Carcharias Rafinesque, 10 ; type Carcharias taurus Rafinesque,
The intended type was Squalus carcharias L., but C. taurus is the only
species actually mentioned. Monotypic. Replaces Odontaspis Agassiz. Not Car-
charias Cuvier, 1817.
Dalatias Rafinesque, 10 ; type Dalatias nocturnus Rafinesque.
Gray in 1851 restricted Dalatias to D. sparophagus Rafinesque. Swainson,
1838, formally restricted Dalatias to Dalatias nocturnus, which seems to be a
species of Centrophorus Miiller & Henle, probably C. granulosus.
Tetroras Rafinesque, 11; type Tetroras angiova Rafinesque.
A second-hand and erroneous description, possibly referring to Cetorhinus
maximus, but unrecognizable. Monotypic.
78 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Isurus Rafinesque, ii; type Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque.
Monotypic. Replaces Oxyrhina Agassiz.
Cerictius Rafinesque, 12; type Cerictius macrourus Rafinesque.
Apparently imaginary.
Alopias Rafinesque, 12; type Alopias macrourus Rafinesque (Squalus
vuLPiNus Bonnaterre).
Monotypic.
Heptranchias Rafinesque, 13; type Squalus cinereus Gmelin.
Monotypic.
Galeus Rafinesque, 13; type Galeus mustelus L.
As restricted by Jordan & Evermann, 1896, after Leach, 1812. Later restricted
to Pristiurus melastomus by Garman. Not Galeus Valmont, nor Galeus
Cuvier.
Rafinesque describes one new species of Galeus, G. melastomus, but refers
in the text to Galeus catulus and Galeus mustelus. Unless Galeus Valmont
holds, in place of Prionace, Galeus becomes a synonym of Mustelus Linck.
Hexanchus Rafinesque, 14; type Squalus griseus L.
Monotypic. Replaces Notidanus Cuvier.
Etmopterus Rafinesque, 14; type Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque.
Monotypic. Replaces Spinax Cuvier.
Rhina Rafinesque, 14; type Squalus squ.\tina L.
Monotypic. Identical with Rhina Klein, and Squatina Dumeril.
Leiobatus Rafinesque, 16; type Leiobatus panduratus Rafinesque.
Monotypic. A synonym of Rhinobatus Linck. Not Leiobatus Klein.
Dipturus Rafinesque, 16; type Raja batis L.
Monotypic. Identical with Raja L.
Dasyatis Rafinesque, 16; type Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque (Raja pastin-
ACA L.).
Monotypic. Identical with Dasybatus Klein and Trygon Adanson.
Orthragus Rafinesque, 17; type Tetraodon mola L.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Mola Kcelreuter.
Diplanchias Rafinesque, 17; type Diplanchias nasus Rafinesque.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Mola.
Typhle Rafinesque, 18; type Typhle hexagonus Rafinesque (Syngna-
THUS TYPHLE L.).
Misspelled Tiphle. Preoccupied by Typhle * Lacepede, 1800, a genus of mam-
mals. Replaced by Typhlinus Rafinesque, 1815, and by Siphonostomus Kaup.
Monotypic.
* Under the head of Cecilia, Lacepede refers to its alleged blindness, a char-
acter almost unknown among vertebrates. "Parmi lesquels on ne connoit encore
qu'un mammifere, nomme Typhle, et le genre des cartilagineux nommes Gastro-
branches qui aient paru completement aveugles."
RAFINESQUE, 181O 79
Siphostoma Rafinesque, 18; type Syngnathus pelagicus L.
Monotypic. A synonym of Syngnathus L. as the latter is now restricted.
Hippocampus Rafinesque, i8; type Syngnathus hippocampus L.
(Hippocampus heptagonus Rafinesque).
Oxyurus Rafinesque, 19; type Oxyurus vermiformis Lacepede.
A larva, probably of Conger.
Scarcina Rafinesque, 20; type Scarcina argyrea Rafinesque.
A synonym of Lepidopus Gouan.
Luvarus Rafinesque, 22; type Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
Bothus Rafinesque, 23 ; type, as restricted, Bothus rumolo Rafinesque
( Pleuronectes rhombus L.).
Equivalent to Rhombus Klein, of earlier date.
Corystion Rafinesque, 24; type Corystion mustazola Rafinesque.
Some species of Trachinus L. Monotypic.
Merluccius Rafinesque, 25; type Gadus merlucius L. (Merluccius
SMiRiDUS Rafinesque).
Monotypic.
Phycis Rafinesque, 26; type Phycis punctatus Rafinesque.
Not Phycis Fabricius, 1798, a genus of Butterflies. Equivalent to Phycis
Rose, 1793, vi^hich is not preoccupied.
Oxycephas Rafinesque, 31 ; type Oxycephas scabrus Rafinesque.
A species of Trachyrhynchus Giorna, 1805. Monotypic.
Lepimphis Rafinesque, 33; type Lepimphis hippuroides Rafinesque
(Coryph^na hippurus L.).
Identical with Coryph^na.
Symphodus Rafinesque, 41 ; type Symphodus fulves'cens Rafinesque
= Lutianus rostratus Bloch = Labrus scina Forskal.
Replaces Coricus Cuvier.
Trachurus Rafinesque, 41; type Scomber trachurus L. (Trachurus
SAURUS Rafinesque).
By general usage and by tautonomy.
Tricropterus Rafinesque, 41 ; type by definition, Scomber carangus
Bloch (Scomber hippos L.).
Not separable from Caranx ; no species named.
Hypodis Rafinesque, 41 ; type Scomber glaucus L,
Equivalent to Glaucus Klein ; not separable from C^siomorus Lacepede.
Centracanthus Rafinesque, 42 (misprinted Centracantus) ; type Cen-
tracantus cirrus Rafinesque (Smaris insidiator Cuv. & Val.).
Monotypic ; probably a specimen with the dorsal fin torn. This seems to be
generically different from Spicaka Rafinesque, Smaris Cuvier. Afterwards spelled
Centracantha.
80 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Hypacanthus Rafinesque, 43 (misprinted Hypacantus) ; type "Scomber
ACULEATUS L."
But there is no such species of Linnaeus. Rafinesque elsewhere identifies it
with Centronotus vadigo Lacepede, which is the type of Camptogramma Regan,
1903. This name must be replaced by Hypacanthus.
Naucrates Rafinesque, 43 ; type Naucrates fanfarus Rafinesque
(Gasterosteus ductor L.).
Replaces Centronotus Lacepede, preoccupied.
Notognidion Rafinesque, 46; type Notognidion scirenga Rafinesque.
Unidentified. Monotypic.
Spicara Rafinesque, 51 ; type Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque (Sparus
SMARIS L.).
Equivalent to Smarts Cuvier and having priority. Monotypic.
Aylopon Rafinesque, 52 ; type Labrus anthias L.
A substitute for Anthias Bloch, said to be preoccupied. We do not find it so.
Lopharis Rafinesque, 52 ; type Perca lophar Forskal.
Identical with Pomatomus Lacepede. Monotypic.
Lepterus Rafinesque, 52; type Lepterus fetula Rafinesque (Strom-
ATEUS FIATOLA L.).
Identical with Stromateus L. Monotypic.
Gonenion Rafinesque, 53; type Gonenion serra Rafinesque (Perca
lophar Forskal).
Identical with Pomatomus Lacepede. Monotypic.
Lepodus Rafinesque, 53 ; type Lepodus saragus Rafinesque ( Sparus
rah Bloch).
Monotypic. Equivalent to Brama Bloch & Schneider, not of Klein. Replaces
Brama Cuvier, if Klein's names are eligible.
Tetrapturus Rafinesque, 54; type Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque.
Argyctius Rafinesque, 55 ; type Argyctius quadrimaculatus Rafin-
esque.
Equivalent to Trachypterus Gouan.
Tirus Rafinesque, 56; type Tirus marmoratus Rafinesque (Esox
SYNODUS L.).
Equivalent to Synodus.
Lucius Rafinesque, 59; type Esox lucius L. (Lucius vorax Rafinesque).
The author attempts to limit the name Esox to Esox belone L., and its allies,
an arrangement not accepted by the International Commission, (Opinion 58).
Sudis Rafinesque, 60 ; type Sudis hyalina Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
RAFINESQUE, 181O 81
Sayris Rafinesque, 60; type Sayris recurvirostra Rafinesque (Esox
SAURUS Walbaum).
A needless substitute for Scomberesox.
Cogrus Rafinesque, 62 ; type Cogrus maculatus Rafinesque.
CoGRUs is a tenable subgenus of Ophichthus.
Piescephalus Rafinesque, 63 ; type Piescephalus adherens Rafinesque
(Lepadogaster gouani Gouan).
A synonym of Lepadogaster Gouan.
Echelus Rafinesque, 63; type by first restriction (Bleeker, Atlas Ichth.,
Miircsn., p. 30) Echelus punctatus Rafinesque (Mur^na
MYRUS L.).
Identical with Myrus Kaup, 1856. Restricted later by Jordan & Evermann to
species of Conger, but the earliest arrangement must hold.
Nettastoma Rafinesque, 66; type Nettastoma melanura Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
Dalophis Rafinesque, 68; type Dalophis serpa Rafinesque (Sphage-
branchus imberbis De la Roche, 1809).
Equivalent to C^cula Vahl.
LXXIII. RAFINESQUE, Indice d'lttiologia Siciliana, May, 1810.
CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE-ScHMALTZ.
Onus Rafinesque, 12; type Onus riali Rafinesque (Gadus merluc-
cius L.).
A needless substitute for Merluccius.
Merolepis Rafinesque, 25 ; type Sparus massiliensis Lacepede
(Sparus zebra Briinnich).
Probably a genus distinct from M^na Cuvier.
Gaidropsarus Rafinesque, u, 51 ; type Gaidropsarus mustellaris Raf-
inesque (Gadus mustela L.).
Antedates Motella Cuvier. Monotypic.
Strinsia Rafinesque, 12, 51 ; type Strinsia tinca Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
Symphurus Rafinesque, 13, 52; type Symphurus nigrescens Rafin-
esque.
Antedates Aphoristia Kaup, but not Plagusia Browne.
Solea Rafinesque, 14, 52; type Solea buglossa Rafinesque (Pleuro-
nectes solea L.).
Equivalent to Solea Quensel.
82 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Scophthalmus Rafinesque, 14, 53 ; type Pleuronectes rhombus L.
As later restricted, identical with Bothus Rafinesque and Rhombus Klein.
Scophthalmus is based on descriptions, Bothus on specimens of the same two
species.
Diplodus Rafinesque, 26, 54; type Sparus annularis L.
Equivalent to Sargus Cuvier and prior, but not prior to Sargus Klein.
Octonus Rafinesque, 29, 54; type Octonus olosteon Rafinesque
(Trigla cataphracta L.).
Monotypic. Equivalent to Peristedion Lacepede.
Cephalepis Rafinesque, 31, 54; type Cephalepis octomaculatus Rafin-
esque.
A synonym of Regalecus Ascanius. Monotypic.
Myctophum Rafinesque, 35, 56; type Myctophum punctatum Rafin-
esque.
Nerophis Rafinesque, 37, 57; type Syngnathus ophidion L.
Monotypic.
Carapus Rafinesque, };], 57; type Gymnotus acus L.
Prior to Fierasfer Cuvier. Not Carapus Cuvier = Giton Kaup.
Sturio Rafinesque, 41, 58; type Sturio vulgaris Rafinesque (Acipenser
STURIO L.).
Capriscus Rafinesque, 41, 58; type Capriscus porcus Rafinesque
(Balistes capriscus Gmelin, "the third division of Lacepede").
Equivalent to Balistes L.
Chlopsis Rafinesque, 42, 58; type Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
Xypterus Rafinesque, 43, 59 ; type Xypterus imperati Rafinesque.
Apparently a synonym of Regalecus Ascanius. Monotypic.
Pterurus Rafinesque, 43, 59; type Pterurus flexuosus Rafinesque
(Sphagebranchus imberbis De la Roche).
Name preoccupied : a synonym of C^cula Vahl.
Oxynotus Rafinesque, 45, 60; type Squalus centrina L.
Prior to Centrina Cuvier, 1817.
Sphyrna Rafinesque, 46, 60; type Squalus zyg^na L,
Prior to Zyg^na Cuvier.
Torpedo Rafinesque, 48, 60; type Torpedo ocellata Rafinesque (Raja
torpedo L.).
Not Torpedo Forskal.
Mobula Rafinesque, 48, 61 ; type Mobula auriculata Rafinesque (Raja
MOBULAR Lacepede).
Same as Cephalopterus Risso, preoccupied.
STELLER, 181I 83
Cephaleutherus Rafinesque, 48, 61 ; type Cephaleutherus macui.atus
Rafinesque.
Apparently a deformed Raja. Monotypic.
Uroxis Rafinesque, 48, 61; type Uroxis ujus Rafinesque (Raja
PASTINACA L.).
Monotypic. Equivalent to Dasyatis Rafinesque.
Apterurus Rafinesque, 48, 62 ; type Apterurus fabroni Rafinesque.
Equivalent to Mobula Rafinesque.
Oxystomus Rafinesque, 49, 62 ; type Oxystomus hyalinus Rafinesque,
larva of Ophisurus serpens (L.).
A synonym of Ophisurus Lacepede.
Helmictis Rafinesque, 49, 62; type Helmictis punctatus Rafinesque,
1810.
Probably a species of C^cula. Monotj'pic.
Epigonus Rafinesque, 64; type Epigonus macrophthalmus Rafinesque.
Equivalent to Pomatomus Cuvier, not of Lacepede. Monotypic.
Gonostoma Rafinesque, 64 ; type Gonostoma denudatum Rafinesque.
Monotypic.
Merlangus Rafinesque, 67 ; type Gadus merlucius L.
A needless substitute for Onus and Merluccius.
LXXIV. STELLER in Tilesius: Mem. Acad. Sci., Petersburg, 181 1.
Georg Wilhelm Steller.
Myoxocephalus Steller, in Tilesius, IV, 273 ; type Myoxocephalus
stelleri Tilesius.
LXXV. PALLAS, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, III, 181 1.
Peter Simon Pallas.
This important work was printed and partly distributed in 181 1, the
bulk of the edition being withheld until 1831.
Phalangistes Pallas, 113; type Cottus cataphractus L.
As restricted by Jordan & Evermann. Also written Phalangista. Not Pha-
LANGiSTA Cuvier, 1800, a genus of mammals. Equivalent to Agonus Lacepede.
Elaeorhous Pallas, 122; type Callionymus baicalensis Pallas.
A synonym of Comephorus Lacepede.
84 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Gasteracanthus Pallas, 228; type Gasteracanthus cataphractus
Pallas.
Equivalent to Gasterosteus L.
Coracinus Pallas, 256; type Coracinus chalcis Pallas (Sci^na nigra
Bloch).
Equivalent to Corvina Cuvier, 1829. Not Coracinus Gronow, which is Dip-
TERODON Cuvier.
Lebius (Steller Ms.) Pallas, 279; type Labrax superciliosus Pallas,
"Lebius, Chirus vel Labrax Steller, Mss. Obs. Ichthyol."
These three names are indicated in Steller's unprinted manuscripts as words
from which choice could be made.
Chirus (Steller Ms.) Pallas, 279; type Labrax superciliosus Pallas.
Like the preceding synonym of Labrax or Hexagrammos.
Plagyodus (Steller Ms.) Pallas, 383; type Plagyodus Steller (Alep-
isaurus ^sculapius Bean).
Equivalent to Alepisaurus Lowe, 1833, the name used by Steller only in an
oblique case, "Plagyodontem" and without specific name.
LXXVL LEACH, Observations on the genus Squalus, 181 2.
William E. Leach.
Mustelus Leach, 62; type Squalus mustelus L.
LXXVn. MONTAGU, Wernerian Museum, I, 181 2.
George Montagu.
Xipotheca Montagu, I, 82 ; type Xipotheca tetradens Montagu =
Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen).
A synonym of Lepidopus.
LXXVIIL FISCHER, Zoognosia, Tabulis Synopticus Illustrata, Edition
HI, vol. I, 1813.
Gotthelf Fischer.
A series of Analytical Keys, leading to genera only.
Histrio Fischer, 70, 78; type (not named) Lophius histrio L., by
tautonomy.
Diagnosis erroneous, by misprint "corpus depressum" instead of "corpus com-
pressum." Has precedence over Pterophryne Gill and Pterophrynoides Gill.
FISCHER, 1813 85
Ogcocephalus Fischer, 70, 78 ; type not named ; evidently by definition,
LOPHIUS VESPERTILIO L.
Replaces Malthe Cuvier.
Orbis (Lacepede) Fischer, 70; no type named.
Said to be like Diodon but "ad minus 4 dentes in maxilla superiore." Evi-
dently a misprint for "2 dentes." It is probably a synonym of Ovoides Cuvier,
the presumable type being Tetraodon lineatus L., the "Orbis" of Salviani and
Rondelet.
Odontolepis Fischer, 71, 78; no type named.
A flounder with "pinnae pectorales tenuissimae aut nullae, reliquis conjunctis."
The type may be assumed as Symphurus nigrescens. A synonym of Sympiiurus
Rafinesque, 1810. Perhaps species of Monochirus or Microchirus were included.
Psilus Fischer, 74.
A substitute for Bostrychus Lacepede, which is preoccupied. Equivalent to
BosTRicHTHYS Dumeril.
Psiloides Fischer, 74.
A needless substitute for Bostrychoides Lacepede.
Typhlotes Fischer, 75.
A substitute for Cecilia Lacepede, preoccupied. A synonym of Sphagebran-
CHUS Bloch.
Mustellus Fischer, 78; type (not named) Squalus mustelus L.
A synonym of Mustelus Linck, not of Valmont.
LXXIX. FISCHER, Recherches Zoologiques: Memoires de la Societe
Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, IV, second edition, 1813.
Eleginus Fischer, 252; type Gadus navaga Koelreuter.
Replaces Tilesia Swainson, 1839 (preoccupied) and Pleurogadus Bean, 1885.
Not Eleginus Cuv. & Val., 1830, which becomes Eleginops Gill.
LXXX. LEACH, Zoological Miscellany, 1814.
William E. Leach.
Hippocampus Leach, 103; type Syngnathus hippocampus L. (Hippo-
campus ANTiQuoRUM Leach).
Same as Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810.
86 THE GENERA OF FISHES
LXXXI. MITCHILL, Report in Part on the Fishes of New York, 1814.
Samuel Latham Mitchill.
Stomodon Mitchill, 7; type Stomodon bilinearis Mitchill.
. Equivalent to Merluccius Rafinesque.
Morone Mitchill, 18; type Morone pallida Mitchill (Perca Americana
Gmelin).
As restricted by Gill, i860.
Tautoga Mitchill, 2'^; type Tautoga niger Mitchill (Labrus onitis L.).
Roccus Mitchill, 25; type Roccus striatus Mitchill (Sci^na lineata
Bloch).
As restricted by Gill.
LXXXII. RAFINESQUE, Descrisione di tin Nuovo Genere di Pesce:
Specchio delle Scienze, Palermo, 1814.
CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE.
Leptopus Rafinesque, I, 16; type Leptopus peregrinus Rafinesque.
Monotypic. Name preoccupied and later changed to Podoleptus Rafinesque,
1815. Apparently a synonym of Lophotes Giorna.
LXXXIII. RAFINESQUE, Descrisione di tin Nuovo Genere di Pesce
, _, Siciliano: Specchio delle Scienze, II, 1815.
Nemochirus Rafinesque, II, 100, 105 ; type Nemochirus erythropterus
Rafinesque.
■ Unrecognized.
The following is Rafinesque's account of this fish :
Nemochirus. Corpo lanceolato compressissimo ensiforme, fronte diagonale,
bocca dentata, un' ala dorsale longitudinale senza raggi sciolti, ala caudale sciolta,
nessun' ala anale, le due ale pettorali filiformi awicinate e situate sotto la gola al
posto delle ventrali.
Nemochirus erythropterus. Corpo argentato, ale rosse, coda lunulata, con
tin raggio intermedio mucronato sciolto lunghissimo e filiforme, tre macchie fosche
da ogni lato del dorso.
Desfrizione. Lunghezza totale due palmi, muso ottuso, mascella inferiore piu
cort'a 'con denti acuti, occhi piccoli neri, iride grande argentina con un cerchio
rosso esteriore, opercolo doppio : corpo d'un bel colore argenteo, con tre macchie
irregolari fosche di ogni lato del dorso, linea laterale dritta, ventre un poco reti-
RAFINESQUE, 1814 87
colato. Ale pettorali rosse Hneari-filiformi acute e con un solo raggio, ala dorsale
rossa principiando sopra gli occhi e giungendo sino alia coda, della quale e pero
staccata e con circa 200 raggi molli : coda rossa un poco trifida o quasi lunulata
con pero il raggio intermedio semplice, sporgente lunghissimo, mentre i laterali
sono ramosi con i rami opposti.
We are indebted to Mr. H. M. Scudder for a copy of this rare and forgotten
description. If this account is correct it is still unknown to science, though hav-
ing much in common with Stylephorus cordatus Shaw.
LXXXIV. RAFINESQUE, Precis des Decouvertes Somiologiques,
1814.
Trisopterus Rafinesque, i6; type Gadus capelanus Lacepede (Gadus
MINUTUS L.).
According to Risso the name is synonymous with Morua Risso, and must be
older. Equivalent to Brachygadus Gill.
Monochirus Rafinesque ; type Monochirus hispidus Raf.
LXXXV. RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de I'Uni-
vers et des Corps Organises "La Nature est man Guide et Linneus
mon maltre." Palermo, 1815.
In this work the entire animal and plant kingdoms are classified, with
definitions of the families and higher groups and lists of the known
genera. Three hundred and seventy-seven genera of fishes are enumer-
ated. Many of these are bare names, without explanation of any sort.
Others represent changes of names of genera for reasons not expressed,
but apparently because current names were too long, too short, or in-
volved a termination (gides, omorus) expressing resemblance. The
fishes are divided into two subclasses, Holobranchia with opercles and
gill membranes complete, and Atelosia, lacking either opercles or gill
membranes.
The Holobranchia are divided into Deripia (Jugulares), Gastripia
(Abdominales), Thoraxipia (Thoracices), Apodia (Apodes).
The Ateleosia are divided into Eltropomia (Sturgeons: Sternoptyx,
Pegasus) with one opercle and no gill membrane; Chismopnea, with
gill-membranes and one opercle (Chimaera, Balistes, Conger, etc.) ; and
Trem apnea, with neither opercles nor gill membranes (eels and sharks).
This classification is singularly inept.
88 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Dactyleptus Rafinesque, 82.
Substitute for Mur^noides Lacepede.
Pholidus Rafinesque, 82.
A synonym of Pholis Scopoli. Substitute for Enchelyopus Gronow.
Pteraclidus Rafinesque, 82.
Substitute for Oligopodus Lacepede. A synonym of Pteraclis Gronow.
Pacamus, 82 ; nomen nudum.
Ictius, 82, "sp. do."
That is, based on species of the preceding, i. c, Pacamus.
Dropsarus, 82.
Evidently an emendation of Gaidropsarus Rafinesque.
Trisopterus, 82.
Brosme, 82.
Batrichtius, 82.
A substitute for Batrachoides Lacepede.
Ceracantha, 82.
Taunis, 82.
Plagiusa, 83, "sp. do."
That is, species of Pleuronectes; apparently based on Pleuronectes pla-
giusa L., thus equivalent to Symphurus Rafinesque, 1810.
Holacantha, 83.
Substitute for Holacanthus Lacepede.
Pomacantha, 83.
Nasonus, 83.
Substitute for Naso Lacepede.
Alectis, 84.
Substitute for Gallus Lacepede, which is preoccupied, leaving Alectis as
valid.
Bostrictis, 84.
Substitute for Bostrychus Lacepede: a synonym of Bostrichthys Dumeril,
1806.
Pterops, 84, 90.
Substitute for Bostrychoides Lacepede.
Tasica, 84.
Nemipus, 84.
Cephalepis, 84.
Gymnurus, 84.
Substitute for TjEnioides Lacepede.
RAFINESQUE, 1815 8@>
Polipturus, 84.
Substitute for Scomberomorus Lacepede.
Orcynus, 84.
Substitute for Scomberoides Lacepede.
Baillonus, 85.
Substitute for C^siomorus Lacepede.
Lepicantha, 85.
Apparently shortened from Lepisacanthus Lacepede.
Gastrogonus, 85.
Cephimmus, 85.
Substitute for Gymnocephalus Bloch.
Lepipterus, 85.
Panotus, 85.
Substitute for T^nionotus Lacepede.
Aylopon, 85.
Substitute for Anthias Bloch.
Lopharis, 85.
Cephacandia, 85.
Substitute for Cephalacanthus Lacepede.
"Gonurus Lac," 85.
Unexplained ; no such name appears in Lacepede.
Lepomus, 86.
Pomagonus, 86.
Mesopodus, 86.
Acaramus, 86.
Clodipterus, 86, also on 88.
Substitute for Cheilodipterus Lacepede.
Macrolepis, 86, "sp. do."
That is, of Apogon Lacepede.
Guebucus, 86.
Micropodus, 86.
Substitute for Cheilio Lacepede.
Megaphalus, 86.
Substitute for Gobiesox Lacepede.
Pomacanthis, 86.
Oxima, 86.
Equetus, 86.
Substitute for Eques Bloch.
90 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Branchiostegus, 86.
Substitute for Coryph^noides Lacepede, not of Gunner. Replaces Latilus
Cuv. & Val., 1830.
"Eleotris Gr., Gobiomorus Lacepede," 86.
Epiphthalmus, 86.
Substitute for Gobiomoroides Lacepede.
Lepimphis, 86.
Plecopodus, 87.
Substitute for Gobioides Lacepede.
Piescephalus, 87.
Lumpus, 87, "sp. do."
That is, of Cyclopterus.
Liparius, 87, "sp. do."
That is, of Cyclopterus.
Percis Scopoli, 87.
Said to be same as Aspidophoroides Lacepide.
Aygula, 87.
Substitute for CoRis Lacepede.
Octonus, 88.
Gasterodon, 88.
Xysterus, 88.
For Xyster Lacepede.
Meneus, 88.
For Mene Lacepede.
Buronus, 88.
For Burg Lacepede.
Thrissa, 88.
Substitute for Clupanodon Lacepede.
Megalops, 88.
Prinodon, 88.
Substitute for Cyprinodon Lacepede.
Maturacus, 88.
Edomus, 88.
Gonipus, 88.
Myxonum, 88.
Substitute for Mugiloides Lacepede.
Trichonotus, 88.
Substitute for Mugilomorus Lacepede.
RAFINESQUE, l8lS 91
Soranus, 88.
Cordorinus, 89.
Substitute for Corydoras Lacepede.
Amiatus, 89.
Substitute for Amia L. Amiatus becomes eligible if Amia Gronow be ac-
cepted instead of Apogon.
Sayris, 89.
Substitute for Scombresox Lacepede.
Ramphistoma, 89; "Raf. Belone Gronow."
The word Belone was not used in a generic sense by Gronow, but first by
Cuvier in 1817. Rafinesque apparently refers to synonymy of the species as quoted
from Gronow by Lacepede.* This reference does not seem to justify the substitu-
tion of Ramphistoma for Belone.
Odumphus, 89.
Onopionus, 89.
Guaris, 90.
Typhlinus, 90, "sp. do."
That is, of Syngnathus, earlier called Typhle by Rafinesque, which name is
used by Lacepede for a "blind" genus of mammals, but without mention of type.
Phyllophorus, 90.
Homolenus, 90.
This and the two preceding are placed in the same family as Syngnathus.
Goniodermus, 90, "sp. do."
Of OSTRACION.
Cephalopsis, 90, "sp. do."
Of DiODON.
Orbidus, 90.
For "Spheroide" of Lacepede.
Oonidus, 90.
For "Ovoide" of Lacepede.
Tangus, 91.
Said to be the same as "Heptaca" Rafinesque.
Piratia, 91.
Opictus, 91.
*In the synonymy of Esox belone Lacepede has this quotation :
"Belone et raphis, id est acus. Petri Artedi Synonymia Piscium etc., auctore
J. G. Schneider, etc.
"Gronov. Mus. i, n. 39. Zooph., p. 117, n. 362."
In a hasty reading, Rafinesque must have ascribed both sentences to Gronow,
who apparently did not use the name Belone.
92 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Ictiopogon, 91.
Substitute for Bostrychus Lacepede, which is preoccupied.
Dameus, 91.
Neleus, 91.
Nemochirus, 91.
Dipinotus, 91.
Symphocles, 91.
This and the preceding are placed near Trichiurus.
Melanictis, 92.
Epimonus, 92, "sp. do."
That is, of Balistes, doubtless intended for Monacanthus.
Lophidius, 92.
Variant of Lophius.
Chironectes, "R", 92, "sp. do."
Of Lophius.
Conomus, 92, "sp. do."
Of Lophius.
Branderius, 93.
Substitute for Cecilia Lacepede, a synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch.
Anopsus, 93.
Substitute for Mur^noblenna Lacepede.
Gymnopsis, 93.
Substitute for Gymnomur^na Lacepede.
Helmictis, 93.
Rincoxis, 93.
Zebricium, 93.
Pterurus, 93.
Sphyrnias, 93.
Variant of Sphyrna Rafinesque.
Platopterus, 93.
Substitute for Raja L.
Epinotus, 93.
Lymnea, 93.
Podoleptus, 93.
Substitute for Leptopus Rafinesque, 1814. A synonym of Lophotes Giorna.
Megaderus, 93.
Substitute for Echidna Forster.
cuviER, 1 815 93
Ictaetus, 93.
Sephenia, 93.
Megabatus, 93.
Apturus, 93.
Lampreda, 94, "sp. do."
Of Petromyzon.
Pricus, 94, "sp. do."
Of Petromyzon. This and the preceding doubtless equivalent to Ammo-
CCETES Dumeril and Lampetra Gray, the former based on the larval state of lam-
preys.
LXXXVI. CUVIER, Observations et Recherches Critiques sur differens
Poissons de la M edit err annee, et a leur Occasion sur des Poissons
d'autres mers plus ou moins Lies avec Eux: Memoires du Museum
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, I, 1815.
Georges Leopold Chretien Frederic Dagobert Cuvier.
Glossodus Cuvier, I, 1815; type Argentina glossodonta Forskal.
Same as Albula Gronow, Butyrinus Lacepede.
Fierasfer Cuvier, I, 119, 312, 359, 1815; type Ophidion imberbe L.
Same as Carapus Rafinesque. (Name in French only; dates from Oken, 1817.)
Xyrichthys Cuvier, I, 317, 329, 355, 1815; type Xyrichthys cultratus
Cuvier (Coryph.^na novacula L.).
Epibulus Cuvier, I, iii ; type Sparus insidiator Pallas.
Smaris Cuvier, I, iii ; type Sparus smaris L.
Myletes Cuvier, I, 115; type Myletes rhomboidalis Cuv.
Saurus Cuvier, I, 115; type Salmo saurus L.
Chromis Cuvier, 393 ; type Sparus chromis L.
Monotypic. Same as Heliases Cuvier, 1817.
Crenilabrus Cuvier, 357; type Labrus lapina Forskal (Les Creni-
labres).
Bonaparte, in 1839, named as type C. pavo, which is the same as C. lapina.
Name in French only, dates from Oken, 1817.
Corycus Cuvier, 359; type (not otherwise named) Lutianus rostratus
Bloch.
Based on "les deux derniers Lutjans de M. Risso." Called Coricus by Cuvier
in 181 7. A synonym of Symphodus Rafinesque.
Tetragonopterus Cuvier, I, 114; type T. argenteus Cuvier.
94 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Les Serrans Cuvier.
This is not a scientific name. Reference is made to Anthias sacer Bloch.
Diacope Cuvier, 360; type Holocentrus bengalensis Bloch.
Name preoccupied, replaced by Genyoroge Cantor, 1850.
Diagramma Cuvier, 360; type Anthias diagram ma Bloch.
A synonym of Plectorhinchus Lacepede.
Scolopsis Cuvier, 361; type the Curite of Russell (Scolopsis curite
Cuvier).
Les Priacanthes Cuvier, 361 ; type Anthias macrophthalmus Bloch.
First called Priacanthus by Cuvier in 1817.
Les Pristipomes Cuvier, 361 ; type Lutianus hasta Bloch.
Called Pristipomus by Oken in 1817. A synonym of Pomadasys Lacepede.
Julis Cuvier, 362; type Labrus julis L.
By tautonomy and by first restriction.
Boops Cuvier, 453 ; type Sparus boops L.
By tautonomy. Later called Box Cuvier.
The genus Sparus L. is divided into Sargues, Sparus sargus L. ; Daurades,
Sparus aurata L. ; and Pagres, Sparus pagrus L. No Latin names are indicated
and no type assigned to Sparus L. "Les Cantheres" is a name assigned (p. 485)
to Sparus cantharus L.
Dentex Cuvier, 486; type Sparus dentex L.
By tautonomy,
Les Melettes, 457 ; type Clupea brunnichi Gmelin.
This group is equivalent to Engraulis Cuvier, 1817. No Latin name is as-
signed.
On page 14 of this volume the name Sci/ENA umbra L., originally based on
two species (the "Maigre" and the "Corb," confounded by Linnaeus), is definitely
restricted to the first of these, the Cheilodipterus aquila of Lacepede. This spe-
cies then becomes the type of Sci^na, replacing Argyrosomus de la Pylaie and
PsEUDOSCi^NA Bleeker. The "Corb" remains as Corvina nigra (Bloch).
LXXXVII. BLAINVILLE, Prodrome d'Une Nouvelle Distribution Sys-
tematique du Rcgne Animal: Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique,
1816.
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville.
Descriptions of the genera indicated appeared also in the Fauna
Frangaise, 1820- 1830.
The pagination as here given is taken from Garman, Plagiostomia,
1913.
Trygoncbatus Blainville, 112; type Raia pastinaca L.
Equivalent to Dasyatis Rafinesque.
BLAINVILLE, 1816 95
Aetobatus Blainville, 112; type Raja narinari Euphrascn.
As restricted by Miiller & Henle, 1838; not as restricted by Cantor, 1850.
The latter arrangement would accord better with Blainville's obvious purpose of
making Raja aquila his "Aetobatis vulgaris," the best known of these "raies
aigles," his type. The first restriction, however, has the sanction of Agassiz, Giin-
ther, and Gill.
Dicerobatus Blainville, 116; type Raja mobular Lacepede.
A synonym of Mobula Rafinesque. Monotypic.
Leiobatus Blainville, 121, "Raies lisses"; type Leiobatus sloani Blain-
ville.
A species of Urotrygon. Not Leiobatus Rafinesque, which is Rhinobatus ;
nor Leiobatus Klein, a synonym of Raja.
Narcobatus Blainville, 121 ; type Raja torpedo L.
Scylliorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales roussettes" ; type Squalus
CANicuLA Lacepede.
As restricted. Prior to Scyllium Cuvier.
Cestrorhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus zyg^na L,
A synonym of Cestracion Klein and Sphyrna Rafinesque.
Monopterhinus Blainville, 121, "squales a une seule pinnule dorsale" ;
type Squalus griseus Gmelin.
A synonym of Hexanchus Rafinesque. Monotypic.
Acanthorhinus Blainville, 121, "squales epineux"; type Squalus acan-
THiAS Lacepede.
Equivalent to Squalus L. as restricted by Rafinesque and by Gill.
Heterodontus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus philippi Lacepede.
The name seems sufficiently different from Heterodon, a genus of snakes of
prior date, although from identical Greek roots. Otherwise would stand as Cen-
tracion Gray. Monotypic.
Cetorhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus maximus Gunner.
Monotypic.
Galeorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales demi-Requins" ; type Squalus
CANIS L.
As restricted by Gill, 1864; Squalus mustelus as restricted by Garman, 1913.
The former arrangement must hold, replacing Eugaleus Gill.
Carcharhinus Blainville, 121 ; type Squalus commersonianus Blain-
ville.
As restricted by authors.
Echinorhinus Blainville, 121, "Squales boucles" ; type Squalus spin-
osus Gmelin.
Monotypic.
96 THE GENERA OF FISHES
LXXXVIII. CUVIER, Sur le genre Chironectes Cuv. (Antennarius
Commerson) : Mem. du Mus., Ill, 1817.
Georges Cuvier.
Chironectes Cuvier, 418; type Lophius commersonianus Lacepede.
LXXXIX. CUVIER, Hydrocyon, Chalceus etc. : Memoires du Mu-
seum, IV, 1817; V, 1819.
Hydrocyon Cuvier, V, 353, 1819; type Hydrocyon forskali Cuvier
("Les Hydrocyns," I, 115).
Myletes Cuvier, IV, 449, 1817 ; type Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier.
Tetragonopterus (Artedi) Cuvier, IV, 455, 1817; type Tetragon-
OPTERUS ARGENTEUS Cuvier.
Chalceus Cuvier, IV, pi. XXI, 1817, V, 351 ; type Chalceus macrolep-
IDOTUS Cuvier.
XC. LE SUEUR, A new genus of Fishes proposed under the name of
Catostomus: Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1817.
Charles A. Le Sueur.
Catostomus Le Sueur, 88; type Cyprinus catostomus Forster (Cato-
stomus HUDSONius Le Sueur).
XCI. CUVIER, Rcgne Animal, Ed. i, 1817. Le Regne Animal Dis-
tribue d'Apres son Organisation. Tome II, 1817 (Reptiles, Fishes,
etc.).
Georges Cuvier.
This epoch-making work marks the advent of the modern epoch in
zoological taxonomy. The entire animal kingdom is considered, its fam-
ilies and genera are all defined, and the entire system is placed on the
sound basis of comparative anatomy.
In a number of cases the genera in this work receive French names
only. But to all these, Latin forms were immediately supplied in the
same year, 181 7, by Ok en, in the I sis.
cuviER, 1817 97
Ammocoetes (Dumeril) Cuvier, 119; type Petromyzon branchialis L.
The larval form of Petromyzon and Lampetra.
Scyllium Cuvier, 124; type Squalus canicula L.
As restricted. A synonym of Scylliorhinus Blainville, 1816.
Carcharias Cuvier, 125 ; type Squalus carcharias.
As shown in the figure of Belon, 60. "Cette figure de Belon est la seule
bonne. La plupart des autres sont fausses." Equivalent to Carcharhinus Blain-
ville. Not Carcharias Rafinesque, 1810.
Lamna Cuvier, 126; type Squalus cornubicus Bloch & Schneider
(Squalus nasus Bonnaterre).
Zygaena Cuvier, 127; type Squalus zyg^na L.
Equivalent to Cestracion Klein, Sphyrna Rafinesque.
Galeus Cuvier, 127; type Squalus galeus L.
Not Galeus Valmont, nor of Klein, nor of Rafinesque. Equivalent to Gale-
ORHiNUS Blainville. Monotypic.
Mustelus Cuvier, 128; type Squalus mustelus L.
Equivalent to Mustelus Linck.
Notidanus Cuvier, 128; type Squalus griseus L.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810.
Selache Cuvier, 129; type Squalus maximus L.
Equivalent to Cetorhinus Blainville, 1816. Monotj'pic.
Cestracion Cuvier in Oken, 129, ("Les Cestracions" Cuvier) ; Oken,*
Isis, 1 183; type Squalus philippi Bloch & Schneider.
Equivalent to Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Not Cestracion Klein.
Spinax Cuvier, 129; type Squalus spinax L.
Equivalent to Etmopterus Rafinesque, 1810.
Centrina Cuvier, 130; type Squalus centrina L.
Equivalent to Oxynotus Rafinesque, 1810.
Scymnus Cuvier, 130; type Squalus americanus Gmelin.
Monotypic. Preoccupied by Scymnus Kugelmann, 1814, a genus of Beetles;
replaced by Scymnorhinus Bonaparte, 1846.
Dalatias Rafinesque may be the same.
*Oken, Isis, 1817. In Isis, 1817, immediately following the publication of the
Regne Animal, Professor L. Oken recapitulated the genera of Cuvier, giving Latin
forms to those left by the author with French names only. These occur on pages
1181, 1182, and 1183 (misprinted in the text as 1781, 1782, and 1783^- Several of
these were also Latinized by Cloquet, Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturcllc, in 1817,
but the date of Oken is earlier. Still others were Latinized by John Stark, Ele-
ments of Natural History, Edinburgh, 1828, vol. L
As the question of priority is not affected, we leave the names of Cuvier latin-
ized by Oken in their proper sequence.
98 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Trygon Adanson in Cuvier, 136; type Raja pastinaca L.
This name, quoted from Adanson's Manuscript Cours d'Histoire Naturelle, in
1772, has been adopted by several authors. Trygon appears also as a new genus
(equivalent to T^niura) of Geoffroy St. Hilaire in the Histoire d'Egypte, with
the date of 1825. The name is certainly later than Dasybatus of Klein, with the
same type, and also later than Dasyatis Rafinesque.
Callorhynchus (Gronow) Cuvier, 140; type Chimera callorhynchus
L.
Monacanthus (Cuvier) Oken, 152, ("Les Monacanthes" Cuvier) ; type
Balistes chinensis Bloch.
Alutera (Cuvier) Oken, 153, ("Les Aluteres" Cuvier) ; type Balistes
MONOCEROS L.
Triacanthus (Cuvier) Oken, 153, ("Les Triacanthes" Cuvier) ; type
Balistes biaculeatus Bloch.
Monotypic.
Hippocampus Cuvier, 157; type Syngnathus hippocampus L.
Equivalent to Hippocampus Rafinesque.
Characinus Cuvier, 164; no type named.
Equivalent to Characini L., Charax Gronow.
Curimatus (Cuvier) Oken, 165, ("Les Curimates" Cuvier) ; type Salmo
edentulus Bloch (Salmo cyprinoides L.).
Name latinized as Curimatus Oken, 1182, as Curimata by Cloquet. Equiva-
lent to Curimata Walbaum, 1792.
Anostomus (Gronow) Cuvier, 165; type Salmo anostomus L.
Called Leporinus by Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Piabucus (Cuvier) Oken, 166, (**Les Piabuques" Cuvier) ; type Salmo
argentinus Bloch.
Latinized as Piabucus by Oken, as Piabuca by Miiller & Troschel.
Citharinus Cuvier, 168; type "le Serrasalme citharine" Geoffroy.
Cytharinus Oken, 1182, ("Les Citharines" Cuvier, 1815, L 115).
Saurus Cuvier, 169; type Salmo saurus L.
Scopelus Cuvier, 169; type Gasteropelecus humboldti Risso.
Equivalent to Myctophum Rafinesque, 1810.
Aulopus Cuvier, 170; type Salmo filamentosus Bloch.
Engraulis Cuvier, 174; type Clupea encrasicholus L.
Thrissa Cuvier, 176; type Clupea setirostris Broussonet.
Equivalent to Mystus Lacepede, preoccupied. Not Thrissa Rafinesque.
Later spelled Thryssa by Cuvier.
This genus or subgenus may receive a new name, Thrissocles Jordan & Ever-
mann, type Clupea setirostris Broussonet. It is distinguished from Menidia
Browne or Anchoviella Fowler, by the greatly prolonged maxillary.
cuviER, 1 817 99
Pristigaster Cuvier, 176; type not named.
Later fixed as Pristigaster cayanus Cuvier.
Chirocentrus Cuvier, 178; type Esox chirocentrus L. (Clupea dorab
Gmelin).
Sudis Cuvier, 180; type (not named) Sudis gigas Cuvier.
Equivalent to Arapaima Mijller and Troschel, 1846 (Vastres Valenciennes,
1846).
Not Sudis Rafinesque, 1810.
Galaxias Cuvier, 183; type Esox truttaceus Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Microstoma Cuvier, 184; type Gasteropelecus microstomus Risso.
Monotypic.
Stomias Cuvier, 184; type Esox boa Risso.
Monotypic.
Salanx Cuvier, 185 ; type (not named) Salanx reevesi Cuv. & Val.
(Albula chinensis Osbeck).
Monotypic. Synonym of Albula Osbeck, if the latter name is regarded as
eligible.
Belone Cuvier, 185; type Esox belone L.
Hemi-Ramphus Cuvier, 186; type Esox brasiliensis L.
Barbus Cuvier, 192; type Cyprinus barbus L.
Gobio Cuvier, 193 ; type Cyprinus gobio L.
Not Gobio of Klein, which is identical with Gobius L. If Klein's names are
accepted, Gobio Cuvier, based on the common gudgeon of Europe, Cyprinus go-
bio L., must receive a new name.
Tinea Cuvier, 193 ; type Cyprinus tinca L.
Cirrhinus (Cuvier) Oken, 193, ("Les Cirrhines" Cuvier) ; type Cypri-
nus cirrhosus Bloch.
The name is spelled Cirrhina by Valenciennes.
Abramis Cuvier, 194; type Cyprinus brama L.
Equivalent to Brama Klein, not of Cuvier.
Labeo Cuvier, 194; type Cyprinus niloticus (Forskal) Geoffrey.
Not Labeo Bowdich, 1825.
Leuciscus (Klein) Cuvier, 194; type Cyprinus leuciscus (L.) Bloch.
Identical with Leuciscus Klein.
Labia (Cuvier) Oken, 199, ("Les Lebias" Cuvier), Oken, Isis, 1183;
type Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede.
Monotypic. Identical with Cyprinodon Lacepede, 1803. Written Lebias by
Cuvier.
100 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Schilbe (Cuvier) Oken, 202, ("Les Schilbe" Cuvier), Oken, Isis, 1182;
type SiLURUS mystus Hasselquist.
Synodontis Cuvier, 203 ; type Pimelodus synodontis Geoffroy.
Bagre (Cuvier) Oken, 204, (''Les Bagres" Cuvier), Oken, Isis, 1182;
type SiLURUS bagre L.
By tautonomy. Latinized as Bagrus by Valenciennes. This generic name
must replace Felichthys Swainson and Ailurichthys Baird, for the Gaff-top-
sail Cat-fish Felichthys marinus (L), of American waters, unless the earlier
name Bagre of Catesby, applied to another genus, be deemed eligible. The name
Bagrus, transferred by Cuvier & Valenciennes to another part of the same group
of "Bagres," may be replaced by PoRCUS Geofifroy, 1817, as Bagrus is only a vari-
ant spelling of Bagre.
Morrhua (Cuvier) Oken, ("Les Morues"), 212, 1182; type Gadus
MORRHUA L.
Same as Gadus L.
Merlangus (Cuvier) Oken, ("Les Merlans"), 213, 1182; type Gadus
MERLANGUS L.
Not Merlangus Rafinesque, 1810.
Lota (Cuvier), ("Les Lottes") Oken, 215, 1182; type Gadus lota
Bloch.
By tautonomy.
Mustela (Cuvier), ("Les Musteles") Oken, 215, 1182; type Gadus
MUSTELA L.
Preoccupied in Mammals : replaced by Motella Cuvier, 1829. Synonym of
Gaidropsarus Raf.
Brosme (Cuvier), ("Les Brosmes") Oken, 216, 1182; type Gadus
BROSME Gmelin.
Called Brosmius by Cuvier, 1829.
Raniceps (Cuvier) Oken, 217, ("Les Raniceps" Cuvier), Oken, 1182;
type Gadus raninus Miiller.
Platessa Cuvier, 220; type Pleuronectes platessa L.
Equivalent to Pleuronectes as restricted by Fleming.
Hippoglossus Cuvier, 221 ; type Pleuronectes hippoglossus L.
Rhombus Cuvier, 222 ; type Pleuronectes rhombus Cuvier.
Equivalent to Rhombus Klein, not of Lacepede. Name used in MoUusks,
Rhombus Da Costa, 1776. Same as Bothus Rafinesque.
Solea Cuvier, 223 ; type Pleuronectes solea L.
Equivalent to Solea Quensel and Solea Rafinesque.
Monochirus (Cuvier) Oken, 223, ("Les Monochires" Cuvier), Mono-
chirus Oken, 1182; type Pleuronectes microchirus De la
Roche.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Rafinesque.
CUVIER, 1 817 101
Plagusia (Browne) Cuvier, 224; type Pleuronectes plagusia L.
Equivalent to Plagusia Browne, not of Latreille, 1806, a genus of Crusta-
ceans.
Lumpus (Cuvier) Oken, 226, ("Les Lumps" Cuvier) Oken, 1182; type
Cyclopterus lumpus L.
Equivalent to Cyclopterus L.
Conger (Cuvier) Oken, 231, ("Les Congres" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type
MUR^NA CONGER L.
Equivalent to Conger Houttuyn.
Alabes (Cuvier) Oken, 235, ("Les Alabes" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type
(not named) Cheilobranchus dorsalis Richardson.
Said to be identical with Cheilobranchus Richardson, 1848, which it re-
places.
Carapus Cuvier, ^t^j ; type Gymnotus macrourus Bloch.
Not Carapus Rafinesque, 1810. The name is written Carapo by Oken. Re-
placed by GiTON Kaup.
Fierasfer (Cuvier) Oken, 239, ("Les Fierasfers" Cuvier) Oken, 1182;
type Ophidium imberbe L.
Equivalent to Carapus Rafinesque, 1810. Monotypic.
Lophotes (Giorna) Cuvier, 243, ("Les Lophotes" Cuvier), the name
written Lophotus by Oken, 1182; type "le Lophote Lacepede"
Giorna (Lophotes cepedianus).
Monotypic.
Clinus Cuvier, 251 ; type Blennius superciliosus L.
Pholis (Artedi) Cuvier, 251; type Blennius pholis Bloch.
Not Pholis Gronow.
Salarias Cuvier, 251 ; type Salarias quadripennis Cuvier.
Opistognathus (Cuvier) Oken, 252, ("Les Opisthognathes" Cuvier),
Oken, 1 182; type Opisthognathus sonnerati Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Sillago Cuvier, 258; type Sillago acuta Cuvier.
Julis Cuvier, 261 ; type Labrus julis L.
This name has been unfortunately transferred by later writers to a great
group of the tropical seas, Thalassoma Swainson.
Crenilabrus Cuvier, 262, ("Les Crenilabres" Cuvier), Oken, 1182; type
Labrus lapina Forskal.
Valenciennes makes the type Labrus pavo Risso ; but that species is not men-
tioned by Cuvier, although identical with L. lapina.
Bonaparte, in 1839, named as type C. pavo, which is the same as C. lapina.
In 1839, just previous, Swainson observes : "M. Cuvier having expressly stated
102 THE GENERA OF FISHES
that the type of his genus Crenilabrus is the Lutjanus verses of Bloch, I have
so retained it, placing all the others under the subgenus Cyn^dus."
L. VERREs is identical with the type of Bodianus Bloch. We find no such state-
ment in Cuvier's writings, and L. verres is ninth of his original species. Cyn^dus
Swainson, as restricted by Bonaparte, is identical with Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val.
In the Fauna Italica, 156, 1839, Bonaparte assigned types to certain genera of
Labroid fishes. Labrus guttatus Bloch was indicated as type of Hemiulis
Swainson ; Labrus vetulus Bloch is considered as type of Labrus L. This name,
VETULUS, was not used by Linnaeus, but it is a synonym of Labrus bimaculatus L.
and Labrus mixtus L. Labrus bimaculatus may thus be regarded as the type of
Labrus. Labrus rupestris Bloch is indicated as type of Cyn^dus Swainson.
This becomes a synonym of Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val., of a little earlier date in
1839. Labrus pavo of authors, not of Linnaeus, is recognized by Bonaparte as type
of Crenilabrus. This species is not named by Cuvier, but it is identical with
Labrus lapina Forskal, a species included by Cuvier. In Swain's excellent review
of Swainson (1882) the type of each genus is indicated. The type of Hemiulis
(auratus) assigned by Swain is a species of Cheilio Lacepede. The type of
CvNi^DUS is C. TiNCA = C. DODERLEiNi Jordan, not Labrus tinca L., a species of
Crenilabrus. Bonaparte's selection of types has, however, priority over Swain's.
Bonaparte and Swainson recognize Labrus julis L. as type of Julis. The same
type, as Labrus pavo Hasselquist, is assigned to Chlorichthys Swainson by Bona-
parte. Swain makes the latter a synonym of Thalassoma Swainson. Bonaparte,
1846, selected L. julis L. as type of Ichthycallus Swainson, reducing both
Chlorichthys and Ichthycallus to the synonymy of Julis.
Coricus Cuvier, 263; type Lutianus virescens Risso (L. rostratus
Bloch).
Equivalent to Symphodus Rafinesque.
Epibulus Cuvier, 264; type Sparus insidiator Pallas.
Monotypic.
Novacula Cuvier, 265 ; type Coryph^na novacula L.
By tautonomy. Afterwards restricted by Cuvier & Valenciennes to Cory-
PHiENA fentadactyla Laccpcdc, the genus Hemipteronotus Lacepede.
A synonym of Xyrichthys Cuvier, 1815.
Chromis (Cuvier) Oken, 266, ("Les Chromis" Cuvier), Oken, 1182;
type Sparus chromis Lacepede.
Not Cromis Browne, 1770, nor Chromis Cuvier, 1815. Called Heliases by
Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Plesiops (Cuvier) Oken, 266; type not named.
Afterwards described as Plesiops nigricans Riippell. Equivalent to Phakop-
teryx Riippell, 1828.
Smaris Cuvier, 269 ; type Sparus smaris L.
A synonym of Spicara Rafinesque.
Boops Cuvier, 270; type Sparus boops L.
Later called Box Cuv. & Val.
Sargus Cuvier, 272 ; type Sparus sargus L.
Equivalent to Sargus Klein and Diplodus Rafinesque.
cuviER, 1817 103
Aurata (Cuvicr) Oken, 272, ("Les Daurades" Cuvier), Oken, 1183;
type Sparus aurata L.
Equivalent to Sparus L., as restricted by Fleming. Later called Chryso-
PHRYS by Cuvier.
Pagrus Cuvier, 272 ; type Sparus argenteus Bloch & Schneider
(Sparus pagrus L.).
Not P.-VGRUS Plumier.
Dentex Cuvier, 273 ; type Sparus dentex L.
Diacope Cuvier, 275 ; type Diacope seb^ Cuvier.
Name preoccupied in butterflies (Diacope Hiibner, 1816) ; replaced by Gen-
YOROGE Cantor, 1850. Equivalent to Naqua Forskal, 1775, a name doubtfully
eligible.
Serranus Cuvier, 276, ("Perche de mer ou serran") ; type Perca
CABRiLLA L. ("le Serran proprement dit").
Serranus cabrilla is usually assumed as the type of the genus Serranus,
and therefore of the family Serranid^. But no species of the genus as thus re-
stricted is mentioned by Cuvier by scientific name. Cuvier, however, remarks :
""La Mediterranee en produit beaucoup dont les plus communs s'y confondent
sous les noms vulgaires de Perche de mer, de Serran, etc." This refers to Ser-
ranus cabrilla and Serranus scriba. The first of these may be retained as type,
following general custom, although its scientific name is not mentioned. Other-
wise Holocentrus gigas Bloch & Schneider, which is explicitly mentioned, must
be taken, in which case Serranus disappears, as a synonym of Epinephelus
Bloch, and the name Serranellus Jordan & Eigenmann, a sub-generic term for
Serranus scriba, would stand for the genus, as in Fowler's arrangement (Proc.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, 266).
Plectropomus (Cuvier) Oken, 277, ("Les Plectropomes" Cuvier),
Plectropomus Oken, 1182, Plectropoma of Cuv. & Val. ; type
as restricted Bodianus maculatus Bloch.
Cantharus Cuvier, 278; type Sparus cantharus L. ("Les Canthares,"
1815-)
Name preoccupied; replaced by Spondyliosoma Cantor, 1850.
Pristipomus (Cuvier) Oken, 279, ("Les Pristipomes" Cuvier), Oken,
1182, (Pristipoma of Cuvier & Valenciennes); type Lutjanus
hasta Bloch.
Equivalent to Pomadasys Lacepede.
Scolopsis Cuvier, 280; type "le Kurite, Russell" (Scolopsides kurita
Cuv. & Val.).
Called Scolopsides by Cuvier.
Diagramma (Cuvier) Oken, 280, ("Les Diagrammes" Cuvier), Oken,
1183; type Anthias diagramma Bloch.
Equivalent to Plectorhynchus Lacepede.
104 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Priacanthus (Cuvier) Oken, 281, ("Les Priacanthes" Cuvier), Oken,
1 183; type Anthias macrophthalmus Bloch.
Equivalent to Abuhamrur Forskal, a name doubtfully eligible.
Polyprion (Cuvier) Oken, 282, ("Les Polyprions" Cuvier), Oken, 1183;
type Amphiprion americanus Bloch & Schneider.
Acerina Cuvier, 283; type Perca acerina Cuvier (Perca cernua L.).
Called Cernua by Schaefer and by Fleming, Acerina by Giildenstadt, Percis
by Klein, and Gymnocephalus by Bloch.
Stellifer (Cuvier) Oken, 283, ("Les Stelliferes" Cuvier), Stellifer
Oken, 1 182; type Bodianus stellifer Bloch.
Monotypic.
Pterois (Cuvier) Oken, 286, ("Les Pterois" Cuvier), Oken, 1183; type
SCORP^NA VOLITANS Bloch.
Equivalent to Pseudopterus Klein, which may not be eligible.
Paralepis Cuvier, 289; type Coregonus paralepis Risso Ms., Para-
LEPis coregonoides Risso.
Monotypic.
Prochilus Cuvier, 294; type Sclena macrolepidota Bloch.
Name preoccupied in mammals by Prochilus Illiger, 1811. Replaced by Dor-
MITATOR Gill.
Sander (Cuvier) Oken, 294, ("Les Sandres" Cuvier), Sander Oken,
1 1 82; type Perca lucioperca L.
Terapon Cuvier, 295 ; type Holocentrus servus Bloch.
Error for Therapon. Equivalent to Djabub Eorskal, which is doubtfully
eligible.
Zingel (Cuvier) Oken, 296, ("Les Cingles" Cuvier), Zingel Oken,
1 182; type Perca zingel L., Asperulus Schasfer.
Umbrina Cuvier, 297 ; type Sci^na cirrhosa L.
Otolithes (Cuvier) Oken, 299, ("Les Otolithes" Cuvier), Otolithes
Oken, 1 182; called Otolithus by Cuvier & Valenciennes; type
Johnius ruber Bloch & Schneider.
Anclyodon (Cuvier) Oken, 299, ("Les Ancylodons" Cuvier), Oken,
1 182; type Lonchurus ancylodon Bloch & Schneider.
Monotypic. Preoccupied ; replaced by Macrodon Schinz ; Sagenichthys Berg,
1895-
Antennarius (Commerson) Cuvier, 310, "Les Chironectes (Anten-
narius Commerson)" Cuvier; type Lophius commersonianus
Lacepede, Antennarius antenna tricorne Commerson, in
Lacepede.
Afterwards called Chironectes by Cuvier, the name preoccupied.
cuviER, 1817 105
Malthe Cuvier, 311 ; type Lophius vespertilio L.
Equivalent to Ogcocephalus Fischer, 1813.
Thynnus Cuvier, 313; type Scomber thynnus L.
Not Thynnus Browne. The name Thynnus Cuvier is preoccupied, and has
been replaced by Thunnus South and later by Albacora Jordan.
Orcynus Cuvier, 314; type Scomber germon Lacepede (Scomber
ALALONGA Gmelin).
Name preoccupied by Orcynus Rafinesque, 1810, and replaced by Germo
Jordan.
Citula Cuvier, 315; type ("I'espece est nouvelle") Sci^na armata
Forskal.
Seriola Cuvier, 315; type Caranx dumerili Risso.
Nomeus Cuvier, 315; type Gobius gronovii Gmelin.
Monotypic.
Vomer Cuvier, 316; type Vomer browni Cuvier.
Equivalent to Rhomboida Browne, 1789, which is probably not eligible.
Spinachia Cuvier, 320; type Gasterosteus spinachia L.
Monotypic.
Lichia Cuvier, 321 ; type Scomber amia L.
Blepharis Cuvier, 322; type Zeus ciliaris Bloch.
Monotypic ; name preoccupied, replaced by Blepharichthys Gill. A syno-
nym of Alectis Rafinesque.
Equula Cuvier, 323 ; type Centrogaster equula Gmelin.
A synonym of Leiognathus Lacepede.
Atropus (Cuvier) Oken, 324, ("Les Atropus" Cuvier), Oken, 1182;
type Brama atropus Bloch & Schneider.
Monotypic. Not separable from Citula.
Oligopodes (Risso) Cuvier, 328, ("Les Leptopodes Cuvier, Oligopodes
Risso") ; type "I'OHgopode noir, Risso."
Described by Risso, 1826, as Oligopus nicer, apparently a species of Pterac-
Lis. Cuvier distinguishes Pteraclis as "Les Oligopodes" and Olicopodes as "Les
Leptopodes."
Chelmon Cuvier, 334 ; type Ch^^todon rostratus Bloch.
Platax Cuvier, 334; type Ch^todon teira Bloch.
Heniochus Cuvier, 335 ; type Ch^todon macrolepidotus Bloch.
Ephippus Cuvier, 335 ; type Ch^todon orbis Bloch, as restricted by
Cuv. & Val., 1831.
Toxotes Cuvier, 338; type Labrus jaculator Bloch & Schneider.
Monotypic.
106 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Anabas Cuvier, 339; type Perca scandens Daldorf.
Monotypic.
Fiatola Cuvier, 342; type Stromateus fiatola L.
Equivalent to Stromateus L.
Seserinus (Cuvier) Oken, 342, ("Les Seserinus" Cuvier) ; type "Ses-
erinus Rondelet" (Seserinus rondeleti Cuvier).
This is apparently a young Stromateus, microchirus (Bonelli).
Premnas Cuvier, 345 ; type Ch^todon biaculeatus Bloch.
Monotypic.
Temnodon Cuvier, 346; type Cheilodipterus heptacanthus Lace-
pede.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Pomatomus Lacepede. The name Pomatomus
was arbitrarily transferred to a different genus (Epigonus Raf.) by Cuvier.
Amphisile (Klein) Cuvier, 350; type Centriscus scutatus L.
Equivalent to Centriscus L. and Amphisilen Klein.
XCII. OKEN, Isis, 1817.
L. Oken.
On pages 1182-83 (misprinted 1782-83), Professor Oken gives Latin
equivalents to all the French names in the first edition of the Regne
Animal of Cuvier, as indicated above.
XCIII. CLOQUET, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles de Levrault
(Articles on Fishes), 1816 to 1830.
HiPPOLYTE CloQUET.
(Latinizes several of Cuvier's names, as previously done by Oken.)
Zingel Cloquet, 1817; ''les cingles" Cuvier, called Zingel by Oken;
type Perca zingel L.
Eptatretus (Dumeril) Cloquet, XV, 134, 1819; type Gastrobranchus
DOM bey Lacepede.
Replaces Heptatrema Dumeril and Bdellostoma Miiller.
ST. HILAIRE, 1818 107
XCIV. GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE, Suite de I'Histoire des Poissons
du Nil, Plates dated 181 7, 181 8.
Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire.
Porcus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 303, 1818; type Silurus bajad Forskil.
Equivalent to Bagrus Cuv. & Val. but not to "les Bagres" Cuvier, 1817, Ba-
GRE Oken. Porcus should probably replace Bagrus, which is a latinization of
Bagre, the vernacular Spanish name for the larger cat-fishes.
Heterobranchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 305, 1818; type Heterobranchus
BiDORSALis Geoffroy St. Hilaire.
XCV. LE SUEUR, Description of Several New Species of North
American Fishes: Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1818.
Charles A. Le Sueur.
Somniosus Le Sueur, 222; type Somniosus brevipinna Le Sueur,
Squalus microcephalus Bloch & Schneider.
Platirostra Le Sueur, 223 ; type Platirostra edentula Le Sueur.
Same as Polyodon.
Hiodon Le Sueur, 366; type Higdon tergisus Le Sueur,
Often spelled Hygdon.
XCVI. RANZANI, Descrizione di un Pesce, un Nuovo Genere del
Tcenioidei: Opusculo Sci. Bologna, II, 1818.
Camillo Ranzani.
Epidesmus Ranzani, 133; type Epidesmus maculatus Ranzani.
Synonym of Regalecus.
XCVII. BLAINVILLE, Poissons Fossiles: Nouveau Dictionnaire,
XXVII, 1818.
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville.
Not seen by us.
Anenchelum Blainville; type Anenchelum glarisianum Blainville
(fossil: Lepidopid^).
108 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Chirurgus Blainville; type (perhaps Ch^todon chirurgus Bloch).
Not seen by us : probably a synonym of Hepatus and Teuthis.
Palaeoniscum Blainville, 320; type Pal^oniscum frieslebenense
Blainville (fossil).
Written Pal^oniscus by Agassiz.
Palaeothrissum Blainville, 320; type Pal^othrissum macrocephalum
Blainville (fossil).
Synonym of Pal^oniscum.
Palaeorhynchum Blainville, XXVII, 314, 1818; type Pal.^orhynchum
GLARisiANUM Blainvillc.
Palaeobalistum Blainville, 338; type Diodon orbicularis Volta (fossil).
XCVIII. RAFINESQUE, Description of two new Genera of North
American Fishes, Opsanus and Notropis : American Monthly
Magazine and Critical Review, January 1818.
CONSTANTINE SaMUEL RaFINESQUE.
Opsanus Rafinesque, 203; type Opsanus cerapalus Raf. (Gadus
TAU L.).
This genus has been usually and wrongly called Batrachus.
Notropis Rafinesque, 204; type Notropis atherinoides Raf. (Al-
BURNUS rubellus Agassiz).
XCIX. RAFINESQUE, Discoveries in Natural History: American
Monthly Magazine, September 181 8.
Glossodon Rafinesque, 354 ; type Glossodon harengoides Raf. (Hiodon
TERGisus Le Sueur).
A synonym of Hiodon, regarded by Rafinesque as too "similar to Diodon in
sound."
C. RAFINESQUE, Further Discoveries in Natural History : Amer,
Monthly Magazine, October 1818.
Pogostoma Rafinesque, 445 ; type Pogostoma leucops Rafinesque.
A myth drawn by Audubon.
Dinectus Rafinesque, 445 ; type Dinectus truncatus Raf.
A mythical sturgeon, drawn by Audubon.
RAFINESQUE. 1818 109
Litholepis Rafinesque, 445 ; type Litholepis adamantinus Raf .
The "Devil-jack Diamond Fish," drawn by Audubon, a mythical gar-pike of
which the scales will "turn a rifle ball."
This remarkable paper is based on paintings of fishes "seen down
the river" by Audubon. Rafinesque was, in 1818, a guest at Audubon's
house at Hendersonville, Kentucky. One night, bats entered the win-
dow. Rafinesque was convinced that they were of a new species, and
used Audubon's costly violin to beat them down. Audubon in return
showed him paintings of remarkable fishes. Rough copies of these are
found in Rafinesque's note-books, preserved in the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. Their introduction into Science was a practical joke on the part
of the great ornithologist.
Rafinesque also mentions as new genera, by name only, without ex-
planation : Cheilobus, Miniculus, Oplictis, Leptosoma and Glanis.
These can have no place in the system.
CI. RAFINESQUE, Description of Three New Genera of Fluviotile
Fish, PoMOxis, Sarchirus and Exoglossum : Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., November 1818.
Pomoxis Rafinesque, 417; type Pomoxis annularis Raf.
Sarchirus Rafinesque, 419; type Sarchirus vittatus Raf.
Young of Lepisosteus osseus.
Exoglossum Rafinesque, 421 ; type Exoglossum annulatum Raf,
(Cyprinus maxillingua Le Sueur).
Maxillingua Rafinesque, 421 ; type Cyprinus maxillingua Le Sueur.
Same as Exoglossum.
Hypentelium Rafinesque, 421 ; type Exoglossum macropterum Raf.
(Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur).
Replaces Hylomyzon Agassiz.
CII. RAFINESQUE, Further account of Discoveries etc. : Amer.
Monthly Magazine, November 181 8.
Noturus Rafinesque, 41 ; type Noturus flavus Raf.
110 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CIII. RAFINESQUE, Prodrome de Jo Nouveaux Genres et d'Animaux
Decouverts dans I'interieur des £tats Unis d'Amerique durant
r Annie 1818: Journal de Physique, de Chymie et d'Histoire Nat-
urelle, Paris, June 1819.
Aplodinotus Rafinesque, 419; type Aplodinotus grunniens Raf.
Spelling corrected by Gill to Haploidonotus.
Etheostoma Rafinesque, 419; type Etheostoma blennioides Raf.
As determined by Agassiz. Later fixed on Etheostoma flabellaris Ra-
finesque by Jordan & Evermann. Replaces Diplesion Rafinesque and Hyostoma
Agassiz.
Leucops Rafinesque, 419; type Pogostoma leucops Raf.
A myth of Audubon.
Aplocentrus Rafinesque, 420; type Aplocentrus calliops Raf.
Mythical ; after Audubon.
Calliurus Rafinesque, 420; type Calliurus punctulatus Raf.
A synonym of Micropterus Lacepede.
Lepomis Rafinesque, 420; type, as stated by the author, Labrus aur-
ITUS L.
Pomotis Rafinesque, 420 ; type also stated to be Labrus auritus L.
Apomotis Rafinesque, 420; type Lepomis cyanellus Raf.
Notemigonus Rafinesque, 421 ; type Notemigonus auratus Raf.
(Cyprinus crysoleucas Mitchill).
Amphiodon Rafinesque, 421; Amphiodon alveoides Raf. (Misprint
for Alosoides.)
Replaces Elattonistius Gill & Jordan.
Amblodon Rafinesque, 421 ; type Amblodon bubalus Raf.
The "Buffalo-fish," to which the large blunt pharyngeal teeth of Aplodinotus
were wrongly ascribed. A complex; the name Amblodon later restricted by Ra-
finesque to Aplodinotus grunniens, while the Buffalo-fish became type of Ictio-
Bus Rafinesque.
Cycleptus Rafinesque, 421; type Cycleptus nigrescens (Catostomus
ELONGATUS Le Sueur).
Pilodictis Rafinesque, 422 ; type Pilodictis limosus Raf.
A myth.
CIV. RAFINESQUE, Annals of Nature, I, 1820.
Hemiplus Rafinesque, 6; type Hemiplus lacustris Raf. (Cyprinus
CRYSOLEUCAS Mitchill).
Same as Notemigonus Rafinesque, 1819.
RAFINESQUE, 182O 111
CV. RAFINESQUE, Ichthyologia Ohiensis, 1820.
It was the fortune of Professor Rafinesque to be one of the first to
explore two of the richest fish faunas of the world, that of Sicily and
that of the Ohio River. His various papers show his pecuUar traits, in-
tense activity, keen philosophical insight, and hopeless slovenliness in
method.
Stizostedion Rafinesque, 2^; type Perca salmonea Raf. (Perca vitrea
Mitchill).
Lepibema Rafinesque, 23 ; type Perca chrysops Raf.
Pomacampsis Rafinesque, 23 ; type Perca nigropunctata Raf.
Mythical, being one of Audubon's practical jokes.
Ichthelis Rafinesque, 27 ; type Labrus auritus L.
A needless substitute for Lepomis, which is transferred (p. 30) to species of
MiCROPTERUS Lacepede.
Telipomis Rafinesque, 2y ; type Lepomis cyanellus Raf.
A needless substitute for Apomotis.
Aplites Rafinesque, 30; type Lepomis pallida Raf.
A species of Micropterus.
Nemocampsis Rafinesque, 30; type Lepomis flexuolaris Raf.
A species of Micropterus.
Dioplites Rafinesque, 32 ; type Lepomis notata Raf.
Also a synonym of Micropterus.
Ambloplites Rafinesque, 33; type Lepomis ichtheloides Raf. (Bodi-
ANus rupestris Raf., 1817).
Aplesion Rafinesque, 36; type Etheostoma calliura Raf.
The young of Micropterus.
Diplesion Rafinesque, 37; type Etheostoma blennioides Raf.
A synonym of Etheostoma Raf. See opinion 14, Comm. Zool. Nomenc.
Pomolobus Rafinesque, 38; type Pomolobus chrysochloris Raf.
Dorosoma Rafinesque, 39; type Dorosoma heterura Raf. (Megalops
cepediana Le Sueur).
Clodalus Rafinesque, 43 ; type Hiodon clodalus Le Sueur.
Same as Hiodon.
Minnilus Rafinesque, 45 ; type Minnilus dinemus Raf.
This is apparently the same as Noteopis Raf., 1818.
112 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Dobula Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus dobula L.),
Equivalent to Leuciscus Cuvier.
Phoxinus Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus phoxinus L.).
Alburnus Rafinesque, 45; type not named (Cyprinus alburnus L.).
Luxilus Rafinesque, 47; type Luxilus chrysocephalus Raf. (Cyprinus
CORNUTUS Mitchill).
Chrosomus Rafinesque, 47; type Chrosomus erythrogaster Raf.
Semotilus Rafinesque, 49; type Semotilus dorsalis Raf. (Cyprinus
atromaculatus Mitchill).
Rutilus Rafinesque, 50 ; type Leuciscus rutilus L.
Plargyrus Rafinesque, 50; type Rutilus plargyrus Raf. (Cyprinus
CORNUTUS Mitchill).
Pimephales Rafinesque, 52; type Pimephales promelas Raf.
Moxostoma Rafinesque, 54 ; type Catostomus anisurus Raf.
Ictiobus Rafinesque, 55 ; type Catostomus bubalus Raf.
Spelled IcHTHYOBUS by Agassiz.
The name Amblodon was based, in part, on the same species, and may be held
as tenable for this genus.
Laptops Rafinesque, 64; type Pimelodus viscosus Raf. (Silurus oli-
varis Raf.).
Opladelus Rafinesque, 64; type Pimelodus nebulosus Raf. (Silurus
OLIVARIS Raf.).
Written Hopladelus by Gill. A synonym of Leptops.
Ameiurus Rafinesque, 65; type Pimelodus cupreus Raf. (Pimelodus
natalis Le Sueur).
Ilictis Rafinesque, 66; type Pimelodus limosus Raf. (Silurus olivaris
Raf.).
A synonym of Leptops.
Picore" '^ Rafinesque, 70; type Esox vittatus Raf.
A drawing in Rafinesque's note-book shows this to be a mythical species of
"pickerel."'
Cylindrosteus Rafinesque, '/2; type Lepisosteus platostomus Raf.
Atractosteus Rafinesque, 75 ; type Lepisosteus ferox Raf.
Sturio Rafinesque, 79; type Acipenser maculosus Le Sueur.
Carpiodes Rafinesque, 56; type Catostomus cyprinus Le Sueur.
As fixed by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.
TILESIUS, 1820 113
Teretulus Rafinesque, 57; type Catostomus aureolus Le Sueur.
As fixed by Jordan, 1877.
Decactylus Rafinesque, 60; type Catostomus bostoniensis Le Sueur
(Cyprinus teres Mitchill) as restricted by Jordan.
Catostomus teres is probably the tenable name, as the earlier name com-
MERSONi Lacepede is very doubtful.
Ictalurus Rafinesque, 61 ; type Silurus punctatus Raf.
Elliops Rafinesque, 62 ; type Pimelodus maculatus Raf.
A synonym of Ictalurus.
Eurystomus Rafinesque, 65 ; type Catostomus megastomus Raf.
An Audubonian myth.
Sterletus Rafinesque, 80; type Acipenser serotinus Raf. (Acipenser
rubicundus Le Sueur).
Dinectus Rafinesque, 80 ; type Dinectus truncatus Raf.
Another of Audubon's mythical paintings, representing, as suggested by Rafin
esque, "only a sturgeon incorrectly drawn."
Pegedictis Rafinesque, 85 ; type Pegedictis ictalops Raf.
Apparently a confusion of notes on Catonotus flabellaris and Cottus rich
ARDSONi. The species is therefore unidentifiable. Best regarded as a synonym oi
CoTTUS.
Proceros Rafinesque, 87; type Proceros maculatus Raf.
A myth, not of Audubon but of "Mr. M. of St. Genevieve."
CVL TILESILIS, De Piscium Australium Novo Genere: Memoires
Academie Sciences, Petersburg, 1820.
W. G. VON TiLESIUS.
Balistapus Tilesius, 310; type (Balistes aculeatus L.).
CVIL RISSO, Alepocephalus, nouveau Genre de Poissons: Memoires
de I'Academie Royale de Turin, XXV, 1820.
Anastase Risso.
Alepocephalus Risso, 262 ; type Alepocephalus rostratus Risso.
114 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CVIII. GOLDFUSS, Handbuch Zoologie, II, 1820.*
Georg August Goldfuss.
Batrachops Goldfuss; type Lophius commersonianus Lacepede.
Substitute for Chironectes, preoccupied. Equivalent to Antennarius.
CIX. LE SUEUR, Description of a new Genus and Several New
Species of Fresh-Water Fish Indigenous to the United States:
Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1821.
Charles A. Le Sueur.
Mollinesia Le Sueur, 2 ; type Mollinesia latipinna Le Sueur.
ex. HAMILTON, An Account of the Fishes found in the River Ganges
and its Branches: Edinburgh, 1822.!
Francis Hamilton [formerly Buchanan].
(Often quoted as Francis Hamilton-Buchanan.)
Callichrous Hamilton, 149; type Silurus bimaculatus Bloch.
Synonym of Ompok Lacepede.
Cynoglossus Hamilton, 365 ; type Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton.
Monotypic.
Bola Hamilton, 368; type Bola coitor Hamilton.
As restricted by Jordan.
Coius Hamilton, 369; type Coius cobojus Hamilton (Perca scandens
Daldorf).
As here restricted by us.
The first species named, Coius vacti Hamilton, is Lates colonorum. The
genus Coius is grossly unnatural and is best served by relegation to synonymy.
Hamilton observes : "The Cobojus by the natives is considered as the prototype
of their genus 'Coi' from which the name Coius is derived."
Equivalent to Anabas Cuvier.
Chanda Hamilton, 370; type Chanda ruconius Hamilton.
The first unquestioned species named. It is a species of Leiognathus Lace-
pede. The others named belong to Ambassis Cuvier.
* "Acanthiotus Goldfuss" quoted by Agassiz (Nomenclator) is merely a mis-
print for ACANTHONOTUS.
t We are indebted to Mr. John Smallwood for the record of the genera of
Hamilton.
LEACH & DE LA BECHE, 1 822 115
Sisor Hamilton, 379 ; type SisoR rabdophorus Hamilton.
Monotypic.
Corica Hamilton, 383 ; type Corica coborna Hamilton.
Monotypic. Apparently an ally of Clupeoides Bleeker. Not CoRicus Cuvier.
Chela Hamilton, 383 ; type Cyprinus cachius Hamilton.
The first species named; as restricted by Bleeker, 1862. Giinther later re-
stricts it to C. GORA Hamilton. Replaces Cachia Giinther.
Barilius Hamilton, 384 ; type by tautonomy Cyprinus barila Hamilton.
The first species named.
Bangana Hamilton, 385 ; type Cyprinus dero Hamilton.
The first species named: probably replaces Tylognathus Heckel and Lobo-
CHEiLus van Hasselt.
Puntius Hamilton, 388; type Cyprinus puntio Hamilton.
By tautonomy. Restricted to Cyprinus sophore Hamilton by Bleeker.
Danio Hamilton, 390; type Cyprinus dangila Hamilton,
The first species named ; as restricted by Bleeker.
Morulius Hamilton, 391 ; type Cyprinus morala Hamilton.
The first species named ; restriction by Bleeker.
Cabdio Hamilton, 392 ; type Cyprinus jaya Hamilton.
The first species named.
Garra Hamilton, 393 ; type Cyprinus lamta Hamilton.
The first species named; as restricted by Bleeker. Replaces Discognathus
Heckel.
CXI (A). LEACH & DE LA BECHE, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, (2)
1822.
William E. Leach.
Dapedium Leach & De La Beche, 45 ; type Dapedium politum Leach
(fossil).
Written Dapedius by Agassiz.
CXI (B). SCHINZ, Das Thierrekh, II, 1822.
H. R. SCHINZ.
Macrodon Schinz, 482 ; type Lonchurus ancylodon Bloch & Schneider.
Replaces Ancylodon Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied by Ancylodon Illigcr, 181 1, a
genus of mammals. Macrodon is prior to Sagenichthys Berg, 1895, also a sub-
stitute for Ancylodon. Not Macrodon Muller & Troschel, which is replaced by
HoPLiAS Gill, 1903-
116 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CXII. VAN HASSELT, (Poissons de Java) : AUgemeine Konst. en
Letterbok, II, 1823.
Jan Coenrad van Hasselt.
Homaloptera Van Hasselt, 130; type Homaloptera fasciata Van
Hasselt.
Crossocheilus Van Hasselt, 132; type Crossocheilus oblongus Van
Hasselt.
Hampala Van Hasselt, 132; type Hampala macrolepidota Van Has-
selt.
Lobocheilus Van Hasselt, 133; type Lobocheilus falcifer Van Has-
selt.
A synonym of Bangana.
Nemacheilus Van Hasselt, 133 ; type Cobitis fasciatus Valenciennes.
Acanthopsis Van Hasselt, 133 ; type Acanthopsis dialyzona Van Has-
selt.
Acanthophthalmus Van Hasselt, 133 ; type Acanthophthalmus fas-
ciatus Van Hasselt.
Homaloptera Van Hasselt, 133; type Homaloptera fasciata Van Has-
selt.
Oxygaster Van Hasselt, 133; type Oxygaster anomalurus Van Has-
selt.
CXIII. DESMAREST, Premiere Decade Ichthyologique, 1823.
Anselme Gaetan Desmarest.
Diabasis Desmarest, 34; type Diabasis parra Desmarest.
Not Diabasis Hoffmansegg, a genus of beetles, 1819. Replaced by H^mulon
Cuvier.
CXIV. NARDO, Osservasione Aggiunte all' Adriatica Ittiologia, 1824.
Gian Domenico Nardo.
Squatinoraja Nardo; type Squatinoraja colonna (Rhinobatus
COLUMNS Miiller & Henle).
A synonym of Rhinobatus.
MITCHILL, 1824 117
CXV. MITCHILL, Description of an Extraordinary Fish : Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., I, 1824.
Samuel Latham Mitchill.
Saccopharynx Mitchill, 82 ; type Saccopiiarynx flagellum Mitchill.
CXVL VALENCIENNES, Description du Cernie: Mem. du Museum,
Paris, XI, 1824.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Polyprion Valenciennes, 265 ; type Polyprion cernium Valenciennes.
CXVII. OTTO, Propterygia hyposticta, Nova Acta Acad., 1824.
B. C. Otto.
Propterygia Otto, in; type Propterygia hyposticta Otto.
A deformed Raja, with the pectoral fins free from the head, similar to Ceph-
ALEUTHERUS Rafinesquc.
CXVIII. QUOY & GAIMARD, Voyage Autour du Monde . . .
Execute sur les Corvettes I'Uranie et la Physicienne. Under
Captain Louis de Freycinet, 1824.
Jean Rene Constantine Quoy ; Joseph Paul Gaimard.
This important work, which closely preceded the second edition of
the Rcgne Animal, adopted a few unpublished names from Cuvier's
manuscripts.
Anampses (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 276; type Anampses cuvier Q.
& G.
Monotypic.
Gerres (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 293; type Gerres vaigiensis Q. &
G., which is Sci^ena argyrea Forskal.
118 THE GENERA OF FISHES
In this paper the genus Gerres is mentioned for the first time. But two
species are named, G. vaigiensis and G. gula. The former belongs to the modern
genus XysTv^ma Jordan & Evermann, the latter to Eucinostomus Baird. When
Gerres was later defined by Cuvier in the Regnc Animal, Sci^na argyrea, which
is identical with G. vaigiensis, is included, and G. gula is not mentioned. It would
appear that G. vaigiensis must be taken as type, thus replacing Xyst^ma.
Jordan & Evermann have taken an American species, Gerres lineatus (Hum-
boldt) as type. This species is named by Cuvier, but not by Quoy & Gaimard. It
cannot therefore serve as the type of Gerres. The genus called Gerres by Jordan
& Evermann must apparently stand as Diapterus Ranzani. If Gerres is regarded
as preoccupied by Gerris Fabricius, a genus of insects of earlier date, the sub-
stitute name of Catoch^num Cantor, 1850, should be used.
Percophis Quoy & Gaimard, 351 ; type Percophis brasilianus Q. & G.
Monotypic.
Priodon (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 377; type Priodon annulatus Q.
&G.
A species of Naso Lacepede.
CXVIII (A). HARLAN, Saurocephalus: Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Ill (fossil fish), 1824.
Richard Harlan.
Saurocephalus Harlan, 339; type Saurocephalus lanciformis Harlan.
CXIX. KONIG, Icones Fossiles Sectione, 1825.
C. KONIG.
."Bucklandium Konig, 4 ; type Bucklandium diluvii Konig.
Monotypic.
Ampheristus Konig, pi. XV, fig. 190; type Ampheristus toliacus
Konig.
Monotypic.
CXX. BOWDICH, Fishes of Madeira, 1825.
T. Edward Bowdich.
Labeo Bowdich, 122; type Labeo sparoides Bowdich.
A sparoid fish; not Labeo Cuvier, 1817.
BOWDICH, 1825 119
Anomalodon Bowdich, 237 ; type Anomalodon incisus Bowdich.
Apparently a synonym of Pomadasys Lacepede.
Diastodon Bowdich, 238; type Diastodon speciosus Bowdich (Labrus
SCROFA Cuv. & Val.).
This genus appears valid. It is near Lepidaplois Gill, but with much smaller
scales.
Seleima Bowdich, 238; type Seleima aurata Bowdich.
A synonym of Kyphosus Lacepede (K. incisor).
Amorphocephalus Bowdich, 238 ; type Amorphocephalus granulatus
Bowdich.
A synonym of Xyrichthys Cuvier.
CXXI. RISSO, Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de
I'Europe Meridionale, vol. Ill, Paris, 1826.
Anastase Risso.
Lamia Risso, 123 ; type Squalus cornubicus L.
Monotypic. A synonym of Lamna Cuvier, 1817.
Acanthias Risso, 131 ; type Squalus acanthias L.
Equivalent to Squalus L. as restricted.
Scyphius Risso, 185 ; type Scyphius fasciatus Risso.
A synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque, 1810.
Ones Risso, 214; type Gadus mustela Bloch.
A synonym of Gaidropsarus Rafinesque.
Lotta Risso, 217; type Gadus elongatus Otto.
A variant of Lota Cuvier, 1817 ("Les Lottes") ; apparently not eligible as a
substitute for Molva Fleming.
Mora Risso, 224; type Mora mediterranea Risso.
Morua Risso, 225 ; type Gadus capelan Lacepede.
According to Risso, a synonym of Trisopterus Rafinesque, 1814; prior to
Brachygadus Gill (Gadus minutus L.). Monotypic.
Tripterygion Risso, 241 ; type Tripterygion nasus Risso.
Monotypic.
Diana Risso, 267; type Diana semilunata Risso.
Monotypic.
Aphia Risso, 287 ; type Aphia meridionalis Risso.
Apparently a young Atherina. Monotypic.
Fiatola Risso, 289; type Fiatola fasciata Risso.
Monotypic. Apparently a young Stromateus.
120 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Ausonia Risso, 341 ; type Ausonia cuvieri Risso.
A synonym of Luvarus Rafinesque.
Aurata Risso, 355 ; type Aurata semilunata Risso.
A synonym of Sparus L. as restricted by Fleming.
Macrostoma Risso, 447 ; type Macrostoma angustidens Risso.
Not Macrostomus Wied, a genus of insects; replaced by Notoscopelus
Giinther.
Alpismaris Risso, 458; type Alpismaris risso Risso.
The young of Synodus.
Paralepis Risso, 472; type Paralepis coregonoides Risso (Coregonus
MACR^NULA RisSO, 1810).
CXXI (A). GERMAR, Keferstein's Deutschland's Geognosie Darge-
stellt, 1826.
E. F. Germar.
Ichthyolithus Germar, IV, 96; type Ichthyolithus esociformis
Germar.
Perhaps identical with Leptolepis. Ichthyolithus, a term for fossil fishes
used by early authors, is perhaps not intended as a scientific name.
CXXII. GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons
de la Mer Rouge et de la Mediterranee, 1826.
Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire.
Trygon Geoffroy St. Hilaire ; type Trygon grabatus Geoffroy St.
Hilaire.
This species is not noticed by recent writers. It is apparently a species of
TvENiuRA Miiller & Henle, 1842, allied to T^niura lymma (Forskal). This is
generically distinct from the type of Trygon (Adanson) Cuvier, 1817. St. Hilaire
makes no reference to Adanson, from whose manuscripts Cuvier took the name.
It is plain that the date of the article which contains the name Trygon is subse-
quent to 1825, as a footnote relates to a paper read in October 1825, and printed
in November. Hence we assume the date of the present paper as 1826. In any
event Trygon St. Hilaire is preceded by Trygon Cuvier, and both are later than
Dasyatis Rafinesque and Dasybatis Klein.
KAUP, 1826 121
CXXIII. KAUP, Beitrdge zur Amphihiologie und Ichihyologie: Isis,
XIX, 1826.
JoHANN Jacob Kaup.
Not seen by us.
Rachycentron Kaup, 89; type Rachycentron typus.
Name amended in 1827 (Isis, p. 624) to Rachycentrum. Replaces Elacate
Cuvier.
Narke Kaup (Ueber Narke, 65) ; type Raja capensis Gmelin.
Replaces Astrape Gray.
CXXIV. NARDO, De Proctostego Novum Piscium: in Diario Chem.
et Hist. Nat. Ticino, vol. I, 1827.
GlAN DOMENICO NaRDO.
Proctostegus Nardo, I, 18, 42; type Proctostegus proctostegus Nardo.
A synonym of Diana Risso.
CXXV. NARDO, Prodromus Observationem et Disquisitionem, Adri-
atic ce Ichthyologice: Giorn, Fisica de Pavia, I, 1827.
Aphanius Nardo, 17, 23; type Aphanius nanus Nardo (Cyprinodon
calaritanus Guv. & Val.).
A valid genus replacing Lebias of authors (not of Cuvier) and Micromugil
Gulia, 1861. Local name "Nani vel noni."
Acentrolophus Nardo, 11; type Acentrolophus maculatus Nardo
(Perca nigra Gmelin).
Substitute for Centrolophus Lacepede, regarded as inapplicable.
Leptosoma Nardo, 15, 22; type Leptosoma atrum Nardo.
Name preoccupied in Crustacea, Leach, 1819. "Stogio bastardo" ; synonym
probably of MoNocHiRUS.
Pastinacae Nardo, 11 ; type Raja pastinaca L.
Lasvirajae Nardo, 11 ; type Raja miraletus L.
CXXVI. HARWOOD, On a Newly Discovered Genus of Serpentiform
Fishes: Philos. Trans., 1827.
J. Harwood.
Ophiognathus Harwood, 49; type Ophiognathus ampullaceus Har-
wood.
A synonym of Saccopharynx Mitchill.
122 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CXXVII. CLOQUET, Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle:
Nouvelle Edition, XXX, 1827.
HiPPOLYTE ClOQUET.
Sandat Cloquet, XXX, 126, 129; type Perca lucioperca L.
Based on "Les Sandres" Cuvier. A synonym of Sander (Cuvier) Oken.
CXXVIII. RUPPELL, Atlas su der Reise in Nordlichen Afrika:
Fische des Rothen Meeres, 1828.
Eduard Ruppell.
Pharopteryx Ruppell, 15; type Pharopteryx nigricans Ruppell.
A synonym of Plesiops Cuvier as later shown by Ruppell.
Lutodeira (Van Hasselt) Ruppell, 17; type Lutodeira indica (Mugil
CHANGS L.).
A synonym of Changs. Monotypic.
Scoliostomus Riippell, 17; same type.
A synonym of Changs.
Haliophis Ruppell, 49 ; type Mur^na guttata Forskal.
Monotypic.
Pastinachus Ruppell, 82 ; type Raja sephen Forskal.
Same as Hypolophus Miiller & Henle. Not Pastinaca Nardo.
Asterropteryx Riippell, 138; type Asterropteryx semipunctatus Riip-
pell.
CXXIX. FLEMING, History of British Animals, 1828.
John Fleming.
Selanonius Fleming, 169; type Selanonius walkeri Fleming:
Squalus nasus (Bonnaterre).
A synonym of Lamna Cuvier.
Encrasicholus Fleming, 183 ; type Clupea encrasicholus L.
Synonym of Engraulis Cuvier, 1817. Monotypic.
Gobitis Fleming, 189; type Cobitis t^nia L.
A perversion of Cobitis.
Morhua Fleming, 190; type Gadus morrhua L.
A synonym of Gadus L.
Molva Fleming, 197;. type Gadus molva L.
STARK, 1828 123
Cernua Fleming-, 212; type Perca cernua L.
Same as Cernua Schsefer or Acerina Giildenstadt.
Cataphractus Fleming, 216; type Cottus cataphractus L.
A synonym of Agonus Bloch & Schneider.
Spinachia Fleming, 219; type Gasterosteus spinachia L.
CXXX. STARK, Elements of Natural History, Edinburgh, 2 vols.,
1828.
John Stark.
Latinization of several of Cuvier's names, some of them differing
from the form chosen by Oken. These are the following:
Brosmus Stark, i, 425 ; type Gadus brosme Miiller.
Same as Brosme Oken, 1817.
Sandrus Stark, i, 452; type Perca lucioperca L.
Same as Sander Oken.
Stelliferus Stark, i, 459; type Bodianus stellifer Bloch.
Same as Stellifer Oken.
Cingla Stark, i, 465; type Perca zingel L.
Same as Zingel Oken.
Daurada Stark, i, 465; type Sparus aurata L.
A synonym of Sparus L.
CXXXI. LESSON, Description du Nouveau Genre Ichthyophis: Mem.
Soc. Nat. Hist. Paris, IV, 397, 1828.
R. P. Lesson.
Ichthyophis Lesson, 397; type Ichthyophis pantherinus Lesson.
Name preoccupied ; replaced by Uropterygius Riippell.
CXXXII. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des
Poissons, vol. II, 1828.
Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes.
The first two volumes (the first one being anatomical and descrip-
tive) of this great work preceded the second edition of the Regne Ani-
mal. The third and fourth volumes, also dated 1829, appeared in the last
half of the year. The second edition of the Regne Animal, Vol. II, con-
124 THE GENERA OF FISHES
taining the fishes, appeared in the first half of the year 1829, according
to Mr. Fowler.
Labrax Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 55; type Perca labrax L. (Larbax
LUPUS C. & v.).
This is Labrax of Klein, but not of Pallas, 181 1.
Lates Cuvier & Valenciennes, 88 ; type Perca nilotica L.
Lucioperca Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, no; type Perca lucioperca L.
(LUCIOPERCA SANDRA CuV. & Val.).
A synonym of Sander Oken.
Huro Cuvier & Valenciennes, 125; type Huro nigricans (Labrus sal-
MoiDES Lacepede).
The genus is identical with Grystes. Both are synonyms of Micropterus
Lacepede.
Etelis Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 127; type Etelis carbunculus Cuv.
& Val.
Monotypic.
Diploprion (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, 137; type
DiPLOPRiON BiFASciATUM Kuhl & Van Hasselt.
Monotypic.
Pomatomus (Risso) Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 171 ; type Pomatomus
TELESCOPIUM RisSO.
Not Pomatomus Lacepede. Stands as Epigonus Rafinesque.
Ambassis (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 175; type Centro-
POMUS AMBASSIS Lacepcdc (Ambassis commersoni Cuv. & Val.),
Sci^NA SAFGHA Forskal.
Aspro Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 188; type Perca asper L.
Equivalent to Asper Schsefer and Asperulus Klein. Not Aspro Commerson.
Perca asper is probably generically distinct from Zingel (Cuvier) Oken. The
genus may stand as Asper Schaefer or Asperulus Klein, both names of question-
able eligibility.
Mesoprion Cuvier {Rcgne Animal, 143), Cuv. & Val., II, 441; type
Lutianus lutianus Bloch.
Name a substitute for Lutjanus, regarded as barbarous.
CXXXIII. BORY DE SAINT VINCENT, Dictionnaire Classique
d'Histoire Naturelle, XIII, 201, 1828.
Jean Baptiste George Marie Bory de St. Vincent.
Sandat Bory de St. Vincent, XIII, 204, 1828; type Perca lucioperca L.
A synonym of Sander Oken.
SEDGWICK & MURCHISON, 1828 125
CXXXIII (A). SEDGWICK & MURCHISON, Fossil Fishes: Trans.
Geol. Soc. (2), III, 1828.
Adam Sedgwick and Roderic Impey Murchison.
Dipterus Sedgwick & Murchison, 143 ; type Dipterus valenciennesi
Sedgwick & Murchison.
CXXXIV. CUVIER, Le Rcgne Animal, distribue d'Apres son Organi-
sation: Edition II, Vol. II (Fishes etc.), 1829.
Georges Cuvier.
A work of great importance, constituting with the first edition in
1817 the foundation of modern Ichthyology. The classification of fishes
by Cuvier was for the first time solidly based on the true basis of Com-
parative Anatomy.
According to Henry Weed Fowler {Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907,
264) the first, second, fourth and fifth fascicles of the second volume
(Fishes etc.) of the Second Edition of the Rcgne Animal appeared in
January, February and March 1829. The third was delayed until about
July. The third and fourth volumes of the Histoire Naturellc des Pois-
sons appeared later in the same year, 1829. These facts do not afifect
nomenclature, so far as we observe. We are indebted to Mr. Fowler for
the pagination of the Rcgne Animal, our two copies being reprints.
Acerina Cuvier, 144 (Cuv. & Val., Ill, 3) ; type Perca cernua L.
Identical with Cernua Schasfer , Acerina Giildenstadt, Percis Klein, and
Gymnocephalus Bloch. The eligibility of these earlier names awaits decision.
Rypticus Cuvier, II, 144 (Cuv. & Val., HI, 60) ; type Anthias sapo-
NACEus Bloch.
More correctly written Rhypticus.
Pentaceros Cuvier, 145 (Cuv. & Val., Ill, 30) ; type Pentaceros
CAPENSIS C. & V.
This name has been regarded as preoccupied by Pentaceros Schulte, 1760, a
star-fish.* It has been replaced by Quinquarius Jordan. This change may not
be necessary. According to Prof. Walter K. Fisher Pentaceros of Schulte is not
properly a generic name but a quasi-vernacular.
Pentaceros Schroter, 1782, a name for the same animal is doubtfully tenable.
*Dr. Fisher {Smithson. Misc. Coll., no. 1799, 1908) explains that Schulte
("Versteinerte Seesteme") following the pre-Linnsean work of Linck {Dc Stel-
126 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Centropristes Cuvier, 145 (Cuv. & Val, III, 56) ; type Centropristes
NIGRICANS Cuv. & Val. (Labrus striatus L.).
Later written Centropristis.
Gristes Cuvier (Cuv. & Val., Ill, 54) ; type Labrus salmoides Lace-
pede.
A synonym of Micropterus Lacepede. Later written Grystes.
Chironemus Cuvier (C. & V., 78), 146; type Chironemus georgianus
Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Pomotis Cuvier, 147 (C. & V., Ill, 99) ; type "Pomotis vulgaris''
(Perca gibbosa L.).
No reference is made to Rafinesque's genus Pomotis, proposed in 1819, with
"Labrus auritus L." as type. The description of Cuv. & Val. refers to the spe-
cies called Perca gibbosa by Linnaeus (Eupomotis gibbosus of Gill & Jordan). To
this same species Rafinesque later transferred his generic name Pomotis. Stands
as Eupomotis Gill & Jordan.
Centrarchus Cuvier 147 (C. & V., Ill, 84) ; type Cychla ^enea Le
Sueur.
A synonym of Ambloplites Rafinesque, 1820. Labrus irideus Lacepede, usu-
ally accepted as the type of Centrarchus, is noted by Cuvier as an uncertain
species which the author had not seen. The genus typified by irideus Lacepede
( = MACROPTERUS Lacepede) must stand as Eucentrarchus Gill, and its family
as MiCROPTERiD^, as Fowler has already indicated.
Dules Cuvier, 147 (C. & V., Ill, iii) ; type Dules auriga Cuvier.
Fowler (1907) regards Dules as preoccupied by Dulus Vieillot, 1816, a genus
of birds. He gives a new name, Eudulus, to Dules auriga.
Datnia Cuvier, 147 (C. & V., Ill, 138) ; type Coius datnia Hamilton
(Datnia argentea Cuv. & Val.).
Palates Cuvier, 148 (C. & V., Ill, 145) ; type Pelates quadrilineatus
Cuv. & Val.
lis Marinis, 1793) divides the star-fishes into three "genera" ("Geschlechte"), to
which he gives group names, the five-rayed forms being under the "genus" "quin-
quifidas." Under these are several kinds or species ("Arten"), one of them, "Der
fiinfhornichte, Pentaceros, hat funf tiefe ausgeschweifte Seiten und lange kol-
bichte oder zugespitzte Strahlen. Die hierher gehorigen Arten sind entweder
platt, Plan^, oder ab hockericht und bauchericht, Gibb^."
Obviously this is not scientific nomenclature.
"Schroter in 1782 (Musci Gottwaldiani Testaceorum, Stellarum marinum etc.,
Niirnberg, 58) used Pentaceros, but he is not a consistent binomialist, and his
'generic' names are not tenable."
It is evident that Pentaceros has no standing in nomenclature prior to its use
by Cuvier & Valenciennes, unless given it by Schroter in 1782, a matter which
awaits decision.
cuviER, 1829 127
Helotes Cuvier, 148 (C. & V., Ill, 149) ; type Therapon sexlineatus
Quoy & Gaimard.
Monotypic.
Trichodon (Steller) Cuvier, about 150 (C. & V., Ill, 153); type
Trachinus trichodon Steller (Trichodon stelleri Cuv. &
Val.).
Monotypic.
Myripristis Cuvier (about 150), (C. & V., Ill, 160) ; type Myripristis
jacobus Cuv. & Val.
Beryx Cuvier (about 150), (C. & V., Ill, 222) ; type Beryx decadacty-
Lus Cuv. & Val.
Pinguipes Cuvier, 153 (C. & V., Ill, 2']'j) ; type Pinguipes brasilianus
Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic. A synonym of Mugiloides Lacepede.
Upeneus Cuvier (about 160}, (C. & V., Ill, 446) ; type Mullus bifas-
ciATUs Lacepede.
As first restricted by Bleeker. Later Bleeker transferred the name Upeneus
to the first species named by Cuvier & Valenciennes, Mullus vittatus Forskal,
already the type of his own genus Upeneoides. Mullus bifasciatus became then
Parupeneus. This reversal seems to us unjustified. The name has been spelled
Hypeneus. Upeneus should stand.
Hemitripterus Cuvier, 164; type Cottus tripterygius Bloch &
Schneider.
Hemilepidotus Cuvier, 165 ; type Cottus hemilepidotus Tilesius.
Monotypic.
Sebastes Cuvier, 166; type Perca norvegica Miiller.
Blepsias Cuvier, 167 ; type Blennius villosus Pallas.
Monotypic.
Apistes Cuvier, 167; type Apistes alatus Cuvier.
Agriopus Cuvier ("Les Agriopes"), 168; type Blennius torvus Wal-
baum.
Pelor Cuvier, 168; type Scorp^na didactyla Pallas (Pelor obscurum
Cuvier).
Monotypic. Name preoccupied for a genus of beetles, 1813. Replaced by
Inimicus Jordan & Starks (type Pelor japonicum Cuv. & Val.). P. filamento-
suM Cuv. & Val. cannot be taken as the type of Pelor, as Cuvier names bill one
species, the others being then undescribed. This species, with two of the pectoral
rays tipped with filaments, may belong to a different genus.
Oreosoma Cuvier (about 170) ; type (not named) Oreosoma atlan-
TicuM Cuvier.
128 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Corvina Cuvier, 173 ; type Sci^na nigra Gmelin ; part of Sci^na
UMBRA L.
The species Sci^na umbra L., the type of the genus Sci^na, was two-fold,
a complex about evenly divided of the species called ScIv5;na nigra Gmelin and
Cheilodipterus aquila Lacepede. The synonymy was disentangled by Cuvier
{Mem. du Museum, 1815) and the name Sci^na umbra retained in place of S.
aquila. In accepting this decision we restore the generic name Corvina, for the
"Corb," which becomes Corvina nigra, while Sci.^na replaces Argyrosomus de
la Pylaie and Pseudosci^na Bleeker for the "Maigre," which remains Sci^na
umbra L., the type of Sci^na L.
Haemulon Cuvier, 175; type H^mulon elegans Cuvier (Sparus
sciuRus Siiaw).
Lobotes Cuvier, 177; type Holocentrus surinamensis Bloch.
Monotypic.
Scolopsides Cuvier, 178; type Scolopsides kurita Cuvier.
Called ScoLOPSis in Edition I.
Dascyllus Cuvier, 179; type Ch.etodon aruanus L.
Monotypic.
Heliases Cuvier; type (not indicated) Heliastes insolatus Cuv. &
Val.
Identical with Chromis Cuvier, 1815, not Cromis Browne, 1789, nor Chromis
Plumier.
Chrysophris Cuvier, 181 ; type Sparus aurata L.
A synonym of Sparus L.
Pagellus Cuvier (about 182) ; type Sparus erythrinus L.
Pentapus Cuvier ("Les Pentapodes") (about 182) ; type Sparus vit-
TATUS Bloch.
Lethrinus Cuvier (about 182) ; type Sparus chcerohynchus Bloch &
Schneider.
Oblada Cuvier, 185 ; type Sparus melanurus L.
Monotypic.
Maena Cuvier ; type Sparus m.ena L.
Taurichthys Cuvier, 192; type Taurichthys varius Cuvier.
A subgenus of Heniochus Cuvier.
Psettus (Commerson) Cuvier (about 193) ; type Ch^etodox rhombeus
Bloch & Schneider.
Synonym of Monodactylus Lacepede.
Dipterodon Cuvier (about 195) ; type Dipterodon capensis Cuvier.
Not Dipterodon Lacepede, 1803. Monotypic. Replaced by Dichistius Gill.
Pempheris Cuvier, 195 : type Kurtus argenteus Bloch & Schneider
(Pempheris touea Cuvier).
cuviER, 1829 129
Auxis Cuvier, 199; type Scomber rochei Risso (Scomber thazard
Lacepede).
Sarda Cuvier, 199; type Scomber sarda Bloch.
Later (1831) called Pelamys by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Monotypic. Not
Sarda Plumier.
Cybium Cuvier, 199; type Scomber commersoni Lacepede.
A synonym of Scomberomorus Lacepede, 1803.
Thyrsites Cuvier (about 200) ; type Scomber atun Euphrasen.
Gempylus Cuvier, 200 ; type Gempylus serpens Cuvier.
This is identical with Lemnisoma of Lesson, but the date of Lemnisoma is
1830.
Elacate Cuvier, II, 203, as "les Elacates," the Latin name dating from
C. & v., 1831 ; type Elacate motta C. & V.
Synonym of Rachycentron Kaup.
Olistus Cuvier, II, 209; type (not named) Olistus malabaricus Cuv.
& Val
Scyris Cuvier, II, 209; type "le gal d'Alexandrie," Scyris indica
Cuv. & Val.
Not separable from Alectis Raf.
Blepharis Cuvier (about 210) ; type Zeus cill^ris Bloch.
Name preoccupied, replaced by Blepharichthys Gill. A synonym of Alectis.
Peprilus Cuvier, 213; type Peprilus crenulatus.
Probably the young of Peprilus alepidotus Cuvier. Monotypic. Same as
Rhombus Lacepede, not of Klein.
Astrodermus (Bonelli) Cuvier (about 215) ; type Astrodermus gut-
tatus BonelU Ms. (Diana semilunata Risso).
Axinurus Cuvier, 225 ; type Axinurus thynnoides Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Priodon Cuvier, 225 ; type Priodon annularis Cuvier.
Polyacanthus (Kuhl) Cuvier, 227; type Triciiopodus colisa Hamilton.
Helostoma (Kuhl) Cuvier, 228; type Helostoma temmincki Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Spirobranchus Cuvier, 229; type Spirobranchus capensis Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Myxodes Cuvier, 238; type (not named) Myxodes viridis Cuv. & Val.
Cirrhibarbus Cuvier ("les Cirrhibarbes") 238; type (not named)
CiRRHIBARBIS CAPENSIS CuV. & Val.
Monotypic.
Zoarces Cuvier (about 240) ; type Blennius viviparus L.
Equivalent to Enchelyopus Gronow, 1763.
130 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Platyptera (Kuhl & van Hasselt) Cuvier, 248; type Platyptera
MELANOCEPHALA K. & V. H.
Name preoccupied, replaced by Rhyacichthys Boulenger.
Chirus (Steller) Cuvier, about 250; type Labrax lagocephalus Pallas.
Substitute for Labrax Klein.
Antennarius (Commerson) Cuvier (about 251); type Lophius com-
mersonianus Lacepede.
Accepted as a substitute for Chironectes Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied.
Maltha Cuvier, 252; type Lophius vespertilio L.
Synonym of Ogcocephalus Fischer. Monotypic.
Lachnolaimus Cuvier, 257; type Lachnolaimus suillus Cuvier.
SuiLLUS of Catesby. Monotypic.
Anampses Cuvier, 259; type Anampses cuvieri Quoy & Gaimard.
Clepticus Cuvier, 261 ; type Clepticus genizara Cuvier.
Monotypic.
Malacanthus Cuvier, 264; type Coryph^na plumieri Bloch.
Calliodon Cuvier ("les Calliodon"), (about 265) ; type Scarus
SPINIDENS Q. & G.
Not identical with Callyodon Gronow nor of Bloch & Schneider. Replaced
by Cryptotomus Cope, 1871.
Odax Cuvier (about 265) ; type Scarus pullus Forster.
Monotypic. Not Odax Commerson.
Mallotus Cuvier, II, 305; type Salmo grcenlandicus Bloch (Clupea
viLLOSA Gmelin).
Thymallus Cuvier, 306; type Salmo thymallus L.
Regarded by some as preoccupied by Thymalus Latreille, 1802, a genus of
beetles ; replaced by Choregon Minding, 1832. But the scantily noted Thymal-
lus of Linck, 1791, has priority over Thymalus, if acceptable. The root-words
of Thymallus and Thymalus are not identical, Thymallus being a Latin name
of the Grayling.
Coregonus Cuvier ; type Salmo oxyrhynchus L.
Alosa Cuvier, 319; type Clupea alosa L.
Same as Alosa Linck.
Chatoessus Cuvier, 320; type Megalops cepedianus Le Sueur.
As restricted by Cuv. & Val. Equivalent to Dorosoma Rafinesque.
Thryssa Cuvier; type Clupea setirostris Broussonet (Thrissa Cuv.
&Val., 1817).
Not Thrissa Rafinesque, 1815. To be replaced by Thrissocles Jordan, a new
generic name.
AGASSIZ, 1829 131
Motella Cuvier, 334; type Gadus mustela L.
Substitute for Mustela Cuvier, 1817, preoccupied in mammals. Identical with
Gaidropsarus Rafinesque, 1810.
Monochir Cuvier, 336; type Pleuronectes microchirus De la Roche.
Substitute for Monochirus, preoccupied. Not sufficiently different.
Osteoglossum (Vandelli) Cuvier (about 390) ; type Osteoglossum
vANDELLi Cuvier.
Gymnarchus Cuvier (about 390) ; type Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier.
Triodon Cuvier (about 390) ; type Triodon bursarius Reinwardt.
Anacanthus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier (about 390) ; type (not named) Raja
uarnak Forskal.
Monotypic. Replaces Himantura Miiller, 1837.
Heterotis Ehrenberg ; type Sudis niloticus Cuv. & Val.
Quoted from the Regne Animal by Giinther, but we do not find it there. Ap-
parently it appears first in Cuv. & Val, XIX, 465, 1846.
CXXXV. AGASSIZ (and Spix), Selecta Genera et Species Piscium
quos in Itinere per Brasiliam, 18 ij, 1820, Collejit Dr. J. B. de
Spix, 18 2p.
Louis Agassiz and Jean Baptiste Spix.
The date of this work is apparently a little later than that of the
Second Edition of the Regne Animal.
Acanthicus Spix, 2 ; type Acanthicus hystrix Spix.
Rhinelepis Spix, 2 ; type Rhinelepis aspera Spix.
Cetopsis Agassiz, 8; type Cetopsis c^cutiens Agassiz.
Hypophthalmus Spix, 9; type Hypophthalmus edentulus Spix.
Phractocephalus Agassiz, 10 ; type Phractocephalus bicolor Agassiz.
Platystoma Agassiz, 10; type Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider.
Name preoccupied by a genus of flies, Meigen, 1803.
Glanis Agassiz, 10; type not named.
Name given in dative case only "In Glanide Agass." Substitute for Bagre
Cuvier, rejected because of barbarous origin. Afterwards (1856) Glanis was
revived as the generic name for the Greek cat-fish, Glanis aristotelis Agassiz,
which is perhaps a Parasilurus.
132 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Ceratorhynchus Agassiz, lo; type Silurus militaris Bloch &
Schneider.
Not L. Name given in genitive only as "Ceratorhynchi." Genus close to
Ageneiosus Lacepede but with the two short barbels replaced by erectile bony
weapons.
Centrochir Agassiz, 14; type Doras crocodili Humboldt. Based on a
species of Doras "non modo pinna pectorali uniradiata sed etiam
appendice quadriradiata primse caudalis maxime."
Sorubim Spix, 24; type Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider.
Replaces Platystoma.
Xiphorhynchus Agassiz, 18; type Salmo falcatus Bloch.
Salminus Agassiz, 18; type Hydrocyon brevidens Cuvier.
Osteoglossum (VandelH) Agassiz, 46; type Osteoglossum vandelli
Cuv. & Val.
Ischnosoma Spix, 47; type Ischnosoma bicirrhosum Spix.
A deformed Osteoglossum.
Glossodus (Cuvier) Agassiz, 48; type Glossodus forskali Agassiz
(ESOX VULPES L.).
Same as Albula Gronow.
Anodus Spix, 57 ; type Anodus elongatus Spix.
Prochilodus Agassiz, 57 ; type Prochilodus argenteus Spix.
Leporinus Spix, 58; type Leporinus novemfasciatus Spix.
Schizodon Agassiz, 58; type Schizodon fasciatus Agassiz.
Same as Anostomus Gronow.
Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 59; type Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz.
Cynodon Spix, 59, 76; type Cynodon gibbus Spix.
As restricted by Eigenmann. Not Cynodonta Schuhmacher, 1817, a genus of
mollusks.
Name changed to Rhaphiodon because earlier used in botany.
Xiphostoma Spix, 60, 78; type Xipkostoma cuvieri Spix.
Micropteryx Agassiz, 102; type (not named) Seriola dumerili Cuvier.
Substitute for Seriola, preoccupied in botany. A synonym of Seriola Cuvier.
Corniger Agassiz, 119; type Corniger spinosus Agassiz.
Pachyurus Agassiz, 125; type Pachyurus squamipinnis Agassiz.
CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 1829 133
CXXXVI. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des
Poissons, IV, 1829.
Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes.
Hoplichthys Cuv. & Val., IV, XIX, 1829; type Hoplichtiiys langs-
DORFii Cuv. & Val.
Called Hoplichthys in table of contents, Oplichthys in the text.
Oplichthys Cuv. & Val., IV, 264, 1829; type Oplichthys langsdorfii
Cuv. & Val.
A variant in spelling.
Bembras Cuv. & Val, IV, 282 ; type Bembras japonicus Cuv. & Val.
Minous Cuv. & Val, IV, 420, 1829; type Minous woora Cuv. & Val.
Name changed to Corythobatus by Cantor, 1850, on account of Minois Hiib-
ner, 1816, a genus of butterflies.
Hoplostethus Cuv. & Val., IV, 469; type Hoplostethus mediterran-
Eus Cuv. & Val.
CXXXVII. COCCO, Su Alcuni Nuovi Pesce del Mar di Messina:
Archivio della R. Academia Peloritano, 1829.
Anastasio Cocco.
Argyropelecus Cocco, 146; type Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco.
CXXXVIII. cocco, Su Alcuni Nuovi Pesci del Mar di Messina:
Giorni Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XXVI, no. yy, 1829.
Nyctophus Cocco, 44; type Nyctopkus rafinesquei Cocco.
Substitute for Myctophum.
CXXXIX. COCCO, Sullo Schedophilus Medusophagus: Giorn, Cabin
de Messina, I, 30 to 32; also quoted as Innom. Messina Ann., Ill,
1829, p. 57.
Schedophilus Cocco, 30, 57; type Schedophilus medusophagus Cocco.
We have seen none of these papers of Cocco.
134 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CXL. SERVILLE, Faune Frangaise, 1820 to 1830.
"Livraison 24 par M. Serville" contains the fishes. This bears no
date, but it was probably issued about 1829. It is not quoted by Cuvier,
nor does it quote Cuvier. The date is not important, as no question of
priority is concerned. This work is commonly ascribed to Blainville, who
with Vieillot, Desmarest, Serville and others edited the series. In any
event, the work is based on Blainville's Prodrome. All of Blainville's
generic names ending in batus are here changed to batis.
Audinet-Serville.
Dasybatis Serville, 12, 1829 ("raies epineuses") ; type Raja batis L.
Same as Raja.
Narcobatis (Blainville) Serville, 45 ("raies torpilles") ; type Raia
torpedo L.
Same as Narcacion Klein, Torpedo Dumeril, not of Forskal. Called Narco-
BATUS by Blainville, 1816.
Pristibatis Serville, 49 ("raies scies") ; type Squalus pristis L.
(Pristibatis antiquorum Blainville).
CXLI. VALENCIENNES, Poissons Fossiles: Trans. Geol. Soc, III,
1829.
Achille Valenciennes.
Osteolepis Valenciennes, 144; type Osteolepis macrolepidotus Valen-
ciennes.
CXLII. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des Pois-
sons, Vols. V (January) and VI (July) 1830.
Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes.
Larimus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 146; type Larimus breviceps Cuv.
& Val.
Monotypic.
Nebris Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 149; type Nebris microps Cuv. &
Val.
Not Nebria Latreille, 1802, a genus of beetles. Monotypic.
CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 183O 135
Lepipterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 151 ; type Lepipterus francisci
Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Boridia Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 154; type Boridia grossidens Cuv.
& Val.
Monotypic.
Conodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 156; type Conodon antillanus
Cuv. & Val. (Perca nobilis L.).
Monotypic. Same as Cheloniger Plumier.
Eleginus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 158; type Eleginus maclovinus Cuv.
& Val.
Monotypic. Not Eleginus Fischer, 1813. Replaced by Eleginops Gill.
Micropogon Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 213; type Micropogon lineatus
Cuv. & Val. (Perca undulata L.).
The original types of lineatus were from New York.
Latilus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 368; type Latilus argentatus
Cuv. & Val. (Coryph^na japonica Houttuyn).
A synonym of Branchiostegus Rafinesque, 1815.
Macquaria Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 377 ; type Macquaria austra-
lasica Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Etroplus Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 486; type Etroplus meleagris
Cuv. & Val. (Ch^todon suratensis Bloch).
As restricted by Bleeker.
Box Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 346; type Sparus boops L. (Box vul-
garis Cuv, & Val.).
A synonym of Boops Cuvier.
Scatharus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 375 ; type Scatharus gr^cus
Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Crenidens Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 377; type Crenidens forskalii
Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Aphareus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 485 ; type Labrus furcatus
Lacepede.
Monotypic.
Aprion Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 544 ; type Aprion virescens Cuv. &
Val.
Monotypic.
Apsilus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 548; type Apsilus fuscus Cuv. &
Val.
Monotypic.
136 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CXLIII. BENNETT, Catalogue of the Fishes of Sumatra: in Life and
Public Services of Sir Stamford Raffles, 1830.
Edward Turner Bennett.
Monotaxis Bennett, 688; type Monotaxis indica Bennett (SciyENa
GRANDOCULis Forskil).
Replaces Sph^rodon Riippell.
CXLIV. BRONN, Ueber Zwei Fossile Fischarten: Neues Jahrbuch
Mineralogie, 1830.
Heinrich Georg Bronn.
Tetragonolepis Bronn, 30; type Tetragonolepis semicinctus Bronn.
Monotypic.
CXLV. HAYS, Saurodon: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, III, 1830.
I. Hays.
Saurodon Hays, 475; type Saurodon leanus Hays (fossil).
CXLVI. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des Pois-
sons, VII (January) and VIII (October), 1831.
Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes.
Chelmon Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 86 ; type Ch^todon rostratus L.
Zanclus (Commerson) Cuv. & \'al., VII, 92, 1831 ; type Ch^todon
cornutus L.
Drepane Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 132; type Ch^todon puncta-
tus L.
Scatophagus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 136; type Ch^todon argus L.
Psettus (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 240; type Psettus
COMMERSONI CuV. & Val. ( MONODACTYLUS FALCIFORMIS Lace-
pede).
Pempheris Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 296; type Pempheris oualen-
sis Cuv. & Val.
JARDINE, 1 83 1 137
Toxotes Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 310; type Sci^na jaculatrix
Pallas.
Monotypic.
Colisa Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 359; type Colisa vulgaris Cuv. &
Val. (Trichopodus colisa Hamilton).
Same as Trichogaster Bloch & Schneider as restricted by Cuv. & Val.
Spirobranchus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 392; type Spirobranchus
capensis Cuv. & Val.
Monotypic.
Bryttus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 454, 461 ; type Bryttus punctatus
Cuv. & Val.
Same as Apomotis Rafinesque.
Nandus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 481 ; type Nandus marmoratus
Cuv. & Val. (Coius NANDUS Hamilton).
Rhynchichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, VII, 504; type Rhynchichthys
PELAMiDis Cuv. & Val.
The young of Holocentrus.
Lichia Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 340, 1831 ; type Scomber amia L.
Chorinemus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 367 ; type Scomberoides
COMMERSONIANUS Laccpede.
A synonym of Scomberoides Lacepede.
Aplodactylus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 476; type Aplodactylus
PUNCTATUS Cuv. & Val.
Usually written Haplodactylus.
Aphritis Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 483 ; type Aphritis urvilli Cuv
& Val.
Monotypic.
Bovichtus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 487; type Callionymus dia-
CANTHus Carmichael.
CXLVII. JARDINE, Acestra, 1831.
Sir William Jardine.
Acestra Jardine; type Syngnathus ^quoreus Rafinesque.
A synonym of Nerophis Rafinesque. We take this incomplete reference from
Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 1846, 91.
138 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CXLVIII. GRAY, Description of Twelve New Genera of Fish found
by General Hardwicke in India: Zool. Misc., 1831, 7-10.
John Edward Gray.
Centracion Gray, 5 ; type Centracion zebra Gray.
Equivalent to Heterodontus Blainville, regarded as preoccupied by Heterodon
Latreille, a genus of serpents.
Temera Gray, 7, 152; type Temera hardwickei Gray.
Monotypic. Also in 111. Ind. Zool.
Botia Gray, 8 ; type Botia almorh^ Gray.
Nandina Gray, 8; type Cyprinus nandina Hamilton.
Chaca Gray, 8; type Platystacus chaca Hamilton.
Coilia Gray, 9; type Coilia Hamilton: Gray.
Raconda Gray, 9 ; type Raconda russelliana Gray.
Moringua Gray, 9 ; type Moringua lateralis Gray.
Also in 111. Ind. Zool, 95.
CXLIX. GRAY, Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from
the collection of General Hardwicke.
Two volumes of excellent plates, but without text; the plates not
paged, but with manuscript numbers. Vol. I, 1830-1832, Vol. H, 1833-
1834. The exact dates are uncertain. The first five of the following
occur in CXLVHI ; also, pp. 8, 9.
Ailia Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Ailia bengalensis Gray.
Acanthonotus Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Acanthonotus cuvieri Gray
(Ailia bengalensis Gray).
Name preoccupied. Same as Ailia. Based on injured specimen.
Anacanthus Gray, 85, 1831 ; type Anacanthus barbatus Gray.
Name preoccupied by Anacanthus Ehrenberg, 1829. Replaced by Psiloceph-
ALUS Swainson.
Diplopterus Gray, 87, 1831 ; type Diplqpterus pulcher Gray.
Not identified ; said to have two anal fins. Name preoccupied in birds, Boie.
Rataboura Gray, 95, 1831 ; type Mur^na rataboura Hamilton (Rata-
boura hardwickei Gray).
Same as Moringua Gray, but with line priority.
GRAY, 1833 139
Bedula Gray, 88, 1833; type Bedula nebulosa Gray.
A synonym of Nandus Cuv. & Val., 1831.
Pterapon Gray, II, 88, 1833 ; type Pterapon trivittatus Gray (Sci^na
jarbua Forskal).
A synonym of Therapon Cuvier.
Amora Gray, II, 90, 1833, corrected in manuscript to Anaora; type
Amora tentaculata Gray.
Not identified. A platycephalus-like fish with tentacles over eye and spinules
on sides. Perhaps a species of Thysanophrys Ogilby.
Apterygia Gray, II, 92, 1833 ; type Apterygia ramcarate Gray.
Same as Raconda Gray.
Tor Gray, II, 96, 1833; type Cyprinus tor Hamilton (Tor hamiltoni
Gray).
Replaces Labeobarbus Bleeker.
Bengala Gray, 96, 1833 ; type Cyprinus elanga Hamilton.
Replaces Megarasbora Giinther, 1868.
Amanses Gray, II, 98, 1833; type Amanses hystrix Gray (Monacan-
THUS scoPAS Cuvier).
Acarana Gray, II, 98, 1833; type Ostracion auritus Shaw.
Also in Annals Nat. Hist., i, no, 1838.
Girella Gray, II, 98, 1833; type Girella punctata Gray.
CL. GRAY, Description of three nezv species of fish including two un-
descrihed genera discovered by John Reeves in China: Zoological
Miscellany, 1831.
Leucosoma Gray, 4; type Leucosoma reevesi Gray (Albula chinen-
sis Osbeck).
Monotypic. A synonym of Salanx Cuvier and of Albula Osbeck.
Samaris Gray. 4; type Samaris cristatus Gray.
Monotypic.
CLI. GRAY, Description of a new genus of Percoid fish, discovered by
Samuel Stutchbury in the Pacific Seas: Zoological Miscellany,
1831.
Micropus Gray, 20; type Micropus maculatus Gray.
Name preoccupied by Micropus Wolf, 1810, a genus of birds. Replaced by
Caracanthus Kroyer, 1844 (C. typicus).
140 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CLI (A). LESSON, Voyage Antour du Monde sur la corvette La
Coquille, under Captain L. I. Duperrey, 1830.
R. P. Lesson.
Lemnisoma Lesson, 160; type Lemnisoma thyrsitoides Lesson.
A synonym of Gempylus Cuvier.
CLIL MINDING, Lehrhiich, Naturgeschichte der Fische, 1832.
Julius Minding.
Not seen by us.
Pompilus Minding, 108; type Gasterosteus ductor L.
Same as Naucrates.
Choregon Minding, 119; type Salmo thymallus L.
Substitute for Thymallus Cuvier, regarded as preoccupied by Thymalus
Latreille, 1802, a genus of beetles. But the two names seen to be from different
roots. Thymallus Linck, with a word or two of definition, is older than Thy-
malus Latreille.
CLIII. NILSSON, Prodromns IcJithyologice Scandinavicce, 1832.
S. NiLSSON.
Salvelini Nilsson, 7; type Salmo salvelinus L. (Salmo alpinus L.).
As group name. The normal form Salvelinus used by Richardson, Fauna
B or call Americana, III, 169, 1836.
CLIV. AGASSIZ, Fossile Fischreste: Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie,
1832.
Louis (Jean Rodolphe) Agassiz.
Ptycholepis Agassiz, 142 ; type Ptycholepis bollensis Agassiz.
Uraeus Agassiz, 142 ; type Ur.eus furcatus Agassiz.
Name preoccupied by Wagler, 1830. Replaced by Caturus Agassiz, 1834.
Sauropsis Agassiz, 142 ; type Sauropsis latus Agassiz.
Pholidophorus Agassiz, 145; type Pholidophorus macrocephalus
Agassiz.
Semionotus Agassiz, 144 ; type Semionotus bergeri Agassiz.
VON MEYER, 1832 141
Lepidotes Agassiz, 145; type Lepidotes gigas Agassiz (Cyprinus
ELVENSis Blainville).
Later written Lepidotus.
Leptolepis Agassiz, 146; type Leptolepis bronni Agassiz.
Acanthoessus Agassiz, 149; type Acanthoessus bronni Agassiz.
Later called Acanthodes.
CLV. VON MEYER, Palceologica, 1832.
H. VON Meyer.
Lepidosaurus von Meyer, 208 ; type Lepidotus unguiculatus Agassiz.
A synonym of Lepidotes.
CLVI. BONAPARTE, Iconografia della Fauna Italica: III, 1832-1841.
Carlo Luciano Principe Bonaparte
(otherwise Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino).
An elaborate and finely illustrated work, issued in fascicles, these
being numbered but not paged. The number of the fascicle is noted
below, with the approximate date of each.
Cerna Bonaparte, 18, 1832; type Perca gigas Briinnich (Labrus
GUAZA L.).
A synonym of Epinephelus Bloch as now restricted.
Microchirus Bonaparte, 28, 1832; type Pleuronectes microchirus De
la Roche.
MoNOCHiRUS Cuvier, not of Rafinesque.
Monochirus Bonaparte,* 28, 1832; type Solea monochir Bonaparte.
Same as Monochirus Rafinesque.
Squalius Bonaparte, 96, 1834; type Leuciscus squalus Bonaparte
(Cyprinus cephalus L.).
Same as Leuciscus.
Telestes Bonaparte, 103, 1834; type Telestes muticellus Bonaparte.
Ichthyococcus Bonaparte, 138, 1834; type Ichthyococcus ovatus
Bonaparte.
Name later altered to Coccia by Giinther because of its objectionable form.
* For sake of completeness we add the remaining new genera of the later
fascicles of the Fauna Italica.
142 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Lampanyctus Bonaparte, 139, 1834; type Lampanyctus bonapartei
Bonaparte.
Chlorophthalmus Bonaparte, 144, 1834; type Chlorophthalmus
AGASsizi Bonaparte.
Scardinius Bonaparte, 146, 1834; type Leuciscus scardafa Bonaparte.
Membras Bonaparte, 1836; type (an "exotic species" not named except
by reference to Valenciennes) ; Atherina martinica Cuv. & Val.
Replaces Kirtlandia Jordan & Evermann.
Menidia Bonaparte, 1836; type (an "exotic species" not directly named)
Atherina menidia L.
Hepsetia Bonaparte, 1836; type Atherina boyeri L.
Not separable from Atherina L.
Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, 1836; type Blennius varus Risso.
A synonym of Blennius L.
CLVI (A). RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowl-
edge, I, 1832.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque.
Trinectes Rafinesque; type Trinectes scabra Rafinesque (Pleuro-
NECTES MOLLIS Mitchill).
A subgenus under Achirus.
CLVII. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Histoire Naturelle des Pois-
sons, IX, 1833.
Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennes.
Hynnis Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 95 ; type Hynnis goreensis Cuv.
& Val.
Nauclerus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 247 ; type Nauclerus compres-
sus Cuv. & Val.
Young of Naucrates.
Porthmeus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 255; type Forth meus argent-
eus Cuv. & Val.
Psenes Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 259; type Psenes cyanophrys Cuv.
& Val.
LOWE, 1833 143
Lampugus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 317; type Scomber pelagicus L.
Same as Coryph^na L.
Aphredoderus (Le Sueur) Cuv. & Val., IX, 445; type Aphredoderus
GiBBOSus Le Sueur (Scolopsis sayanus Gilliams).
Monotypic.
CLVIII. LOWE, Description of a New Genus of Acanthopterygian
Fishes: Proc. Zool, See. London, 1833.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Alepisaurus Lowe, 104 ; type Alepisaurus ferox Lowe.
Monotypic. Equivalent to Plagyodus Steller, 181 1.
CLIX. LOWE, Characters of a New Genus and of Several New Species
of Fishes from Madeira: Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I, 1833. (Also
repeated in other papers.)
Leirus Lowe, 142 ; type Leirus bennetti Lowe = Centrophorus
ovALis Cuv. & Val., 1833 = Mupus imperialis Cocco, 1833.
Same as Mupus Cocco of the same date. Leirus may be given precedence.
CLX. cocco, Lettere al Signor Risso su alcuni Pesci Novelli: Giorn.
Sci. Lett. Sicilia, XLII, no. 124, 1833.
Anastasio Cocco.
Tylosurus Cocco; type Tylosurus cantraini Cocco (Esox imperialis
Rafinesque).
CLXI. COCCO, Su Alcuni Pesci dei Mare di Messina: Giorn. Sci.
Lett. Sicilia, XLII, 1833.
Mupus Cocco, 20; type Mupus imperialis Cocco (Centrolophus
OVALIS Cuv. & Val.).
Same as Leirus Lowe of the same date.
144 THE GENERA OF FISHES
CLXII. COCCO, Osservationes Peloritani, XIII, April 1833.
Ruvettus Cocco, 1833, 18; type Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco.
CLXIII. NARDO, De Skeponopodo novo piscium genere et de Guebucu
Margravii; Species illi cognata: Mem. Assem. Nat. Vienna, Isis,
1833, fasc. 416.
GlAN DOMENICO NaRDO.
Skeponopodus Nardo, 416; type Skeponopodus typus Nardo (Xiphias
IMPERATOR Bloch & Schneider).
A synonym of Tetrapturus.
CLXIV. AGASSIZ, Poissons Fossiles, 1833.
Louis Agassiz.
Catopterus Agassiz, II, 3 ; type Catopterus analis Agassiz.
A synonym of Dipterus.
Amblypterus Agassiz, II, 3, 28; type Amblypterus latus Agassiz.
Notagogus Agassiz, 10; type Notagogus pentlandi Agassiz.
Microps Agassiz, II, 10; type Microps furcatus Agassiz.
Perhaps not distinct from Pholidophorus ; name preoccupied in beetles,
Meigen, 1823.
Pachycormus Agassiz, II, 11; type Elops macropterus Blainville.
Thrissops Agassiz, II, 12; type Thrissops formosus Agassiz.
Megalurus Agassiz, II, 13; type Megalurus lepidotus Agassiz.
Aspidorhynchus Agassiz, II, 14; type Esox acutirostris Blainville.
Saurostomus Agassiz, II, 14; type Saurostomus esocinus Agassiz.
Near to Pachycormus; perhaps not distinguishable.
Gyrodus Agassiz, II, 16; type Gyrodus macrophthalmus Agassiz
(MiCRODON ABDOMINALIS AgaSsiz).
Microdon Agassiz, II, 16; type Microdon elegans Agassiz.
Name preoccupied by Meigen, 1803, a genus of Diptera.
Pycnodus Agassiz, II, 16; type Zeus platessus Blainville (Coryph^na
APODA Volta).
AGASSIZ, 1833 145
Cyclopoma Agassiz, IV, 17, 1833 ; type Cyclopoma gigas Agassiz.
Calamostoma Agassiz, II, 18; type Syngnathus breviculus Blainville.
Monotypic.
Acanthodes Agassiz, II, 19; type Acanthoessus bronni Agassiz.
A needless substitute for Acanthoessus.
Smerdis Agassiz, IV, 32, 1833 ; type Perca minuta Blainville.
146 THE GENERA OF FISHES
RECAPITULATION.
Suggested Changes in Generic Nomenclature of Fishes.
A. Changes resting in Priority.
The following changes from current Nomenclature, apparently jus-
tified by the law of priority and the accepted rules, result from the present
survey.
Acanthoessus Agassiz: in place of Acanthodes Agassiz (fossil).
Alabes Cuvier: Cheilobranchus Richardson.
Alosa Linck : Alosa Cuvier.
Anacanthus Ehrenberg: Himantura Miiller.
Anchoviella Fowler: Stolephorus Bleeker (not Lacepede).
Apteronotus Lacepede: Sternarchus Bloch & Schneider.
Bagre Cuvier: Felichthys Swainson, Ailurichthys Baird.
Barbatula Linck : Oreias Sauvage, Orthrias Jordan & Fowler.
Bengala Gray (1833) : Megarasbora Giinther, 1868.
Bodianus Bloch : Harpe Lacepede.
Branchiostegus Rafinesque : Latilus Cuv. & Val.
Caranx Lacepede : Carangus Griffith.
Catonotus Agassiz : Ethestoma Jordan, not Raf .
Cephalopholis Bloch & Schneider: Bodianus Cuv. & Val. (not Bloch).
Enneacentrus Gill.
Chelon Rose : Ch.enomugil Gill.
Citharus Rose : Eucitharus Gill.
Clupanodon Lacepede: Konosirus Jordan & Snyder.
Conger Houttuyn : Conger Cuvier.
Corvina Cuvier: Sci^na Jordan & Evermann (not of Cuvier), Cora-
ciNus Pallas.
Curimata Walbaum : Curimatus Cuvier.
Diapterus Ranzani: Gerres Jordan & Evermann (not of Quoy &
Gaimard).
Echeneis L. : Leptecheneis Gill.
Echelus Rafinesque : Myrus Cuvier.
Etheostoma Rafinesque: Diplesion Raf.
RECAPITULATION" 147
Eucentrarchus Gill: Centrarchus Jordan & Evermann (not of Cuv.
& Val.).
Gaidropsarus Rafinesque : Motella Cuvier,
Gerres Cuvier ; Xyst^ma Jordan & Evermann.
Gnathanodon Bleeker: (Caranx speciosus).
Hemiulis Swainson (as restricted by Bonaparte, 1839) : Halichceres
Riippell, Chcerojulis Gill.
Histrio Fischer: Pteryphryne Gill, Pterophrynoides Gill.
Hoplias Gill: Macrodon Muller & Troschel.
Hypacanthus Rafinesque: Camptogramma Regan.
Inimicus Jordan & Starks : Pelor Cuv. & Val.
Leucichthys Dybowski : Argyrosomus Agassiz.
Lycodontis McClelland: Gymnothorax Giinther (not of Bloch).
Macrodon Schinz : Ancylodon Cuvier, Sagenichthys Berg.
Macrognathus Lacepede: Rhynchobdella Bloch & Schneider.
Macrorhynchus Lacepede : Dicrotus Giinther,
Membras Bonaparte: Kirtlandia Jordan & Evermann.
Merolepis Rafinesque: (Smaris zebra).
Micrometrus Gibbons : Abeona Girard.
Mola Koelreuter : Mola Cuvier,
Mugiloides Lacepede: Pinguipes Cuvier.
Narke Kaup : Astrape Gray.
Naso Lacepede : Monoceros Bloch & Schneider.
Ompok Lacepede: Callichrous Hamilton.
Ovoides Cuvier : Ovoides Lacepede.
Pastinachus Riippell: Hypolophus Muller & Henle.
Pentanemus Giinther: Polynemus Gill (not of L. as restricted).
Peprilus Cuvier : Rhombus Lacepede.
Phycis Rose : Phycis Bloch & Schneider.
Plagyodus Steller: Alepisaurus Low^e.
Poecilichthys Agassiz: Etheostoma Jordan & Evermann (not of Raf-
inesque as restricted).
Polynemus L. : Polydactylus Lacepede.
Porous St. Hilaire : Bagrus Cuv. & Val.
Quinquarius Jordan : Pentaceros Cuvier.
Remora Forster: Remora Gill.
Sardina Antipa (S. pilchardus).
Sardinella Val., Amblygaster Bleeker, Sardinia Poey,
Sciaena L. : Argyrosomus De la Pylaie, Pseudosci^na Bleeker.
Scylliorhinus Blainville: Catulus Smith.
148 THE GENERA OF FISHES
Sphyraena Rose : Sphyilena Bloch & Schneider.
Spicara Rafinesque: S maris Cuv.
Stolephorus Lacepede : Spratelloides Bleeker.
Syngnathus L. : Siphostoma Raf .
Thrissocles Jordan * : Thryssa Cuvier.
Thymallus Linck: Thymallus Cuvier.
Tor Gray (1833) : Labeobarbus Bleeker.
Torpedo Houttuyn : Torpedo Dumeril.
Trisopterus Rafinesque : Morua Risso, Brachygadus Gill.
Typhlinus Rafinesque : Typhle Rafinesque, Siphonostomus Kaup.
Xystramia t Jordan: Glossamia Goode & Bean (not of Gill).
Zoramia I Jordan: Mionorus Jordan & Seale (not of Kreflft).
B. Changes resulting from the operations of Opinions 20, 57.
Taking the precedent of Opinion 20, which admits as eligible the
generic names of Gronow, and that of 37, admitting those of Brisson,
the following changes seem necessary, the status of Klein being almost
identical with that of Gronow.
Amia Gronow : instead of Apogon Lacepede.
Amiatus Rafinesque : Amia L.
Brama Klein: Abramis Cuvier.
Callyodon Gronow : Scarus Forskal.
Cestracion Klein: Sphyrna Rafinesque.
Coracinus Gronow : Dipterodon Cuvier.
Cyclogaster Gronow : Liparis Scopoli.
Dasybatus Klein: Dasyatis Rafinesque.
Enchelyopus Gronow : Zoarces Cuvier.
Glaucus Klein : Hypodis Rafinesque, C^siomorus Lacepede.
Hepatus Gronow: Teuthis L., Acanthurus Forskal.
Labrax Klein : Dicentrarchus Gill.
Lepodus Rafinesque : Brama Bloch & Schneider.
Leuciscus Klein : Leuciscus Cuvier.
Masnas Klein : M^na Cuvier.
Mystus Gronow: Hypselobagrus Giinther.
Narcacion Klein: Narcobatus Blainville.
* Type Clupea setirostris Broussonet.
t Type Glossamia pandionis Goode & Bean: See Copea, 1917, p. 46.
i Type Apogon gr^ffei Giinther : See Copea, 1917, p. 46.
RECAPITULATION 149
Pristis Klein: Pristis Linck.
Prochilus Klein: Pholis Cuv. & Val. (preoccupied).
Pseudopterus Klein : Pterois Cuvier.
Rhina Klein : Squatina Dumeril.
Rhinobatus Klein: Rhinobatus Linck.
Rhombus Klein: Both us Rafinesque.
Sargus Klein : Diplodus Rafinesque, Sargus Cuvier.
(new name) Cichla Bloch & Schneider.
(new name) Solenostomus Lacepede.
C. Changes resulting from the operations of Opinion 24, which legalizes
the names of Commerson in Lacepede. Those of Plumier in Lace-
pede are precisely similar.
Alticus Commerson : in place of Rupiscartes Swainson.
Cheloniger Plumier : Conodon Cuvier.
Chromis Plumier: Umbrina Cuvier. Unless Cromis Browne is ac-
cepted.
Encrasicholus Commerson : Anchoviella Fowler.
Pagrus Plumier : Neom^nis Girard.
Sarda Plumier: Ocyurus Gill,
(new name) Pagrus Cuvier.
(new name) Sarda Cuvier.
(new name) Odax Cuvier.
D. Hypothetical changes in Nomenclature according to the law of prior-
ity hut doubtfully eligible, being revised reprints or translations of
pre-Linncean authors; apparently to he rejected under Opinion _57..
Albula Osbeck : Salanx Cuvier.
Apocryptes Osbeck: A valid genus, near Boleophth/vlmus Bloch &
Schneider.
Butyrinus Lacepede : Albula Gronow.
Cromis Browne : Pogonias Lacepede.
Heliases Cuvier: Chromis Cuvier.
Helops Browne : Bodianus Bloch.
Menidia Browne : Anchoviella Fowler, Encrasicholus Commerson.
Pelmatia Brow^ne: Gobiomorus Lacepede, Philypnus Cuvier.
Plagusia Browne : Symphurus Rafinesque.
Rhomboida Browne : Vomer Cuvier.
Saurus Browne : Oligoplites Gill.
150 THE GENERA OF FISHES
E. Changes as under D but the alleged generic names, perhaps to be re-
garded as Latin vernaculars.
Acus Catesby: Psalisostomus Klein, Lepisosteus Lacepede.
Alburnus Catesby: Menticirrus Gill.
Bagre Catesby: Ameiurus Rafinesque.
Harengus Catesby: Harengula Cuv. & Val.
Salpa Catesby : Neom^nis Girard.
Saltatrix Catesby: Pomatomus Lacepede.
Solea Catesby: Platophrys Swainson.
Suillus Catesby: Lachnolaimus Cuvier.
Unicornis Catesby: Osbeckia Jordan & Evermann.
(new name) Alburnus Rafinesque.
(new name) Solea Quensel.
F. Changes in accord with the law of priority, but questionable on ac-
count of irregidarities not yet passed upon by the Commission of
Nomenclature.
Abuhamrur Forskal: Priacanthus Cuvier.
Asper Schsefer: Aspro Cuvier.
Asperulus Schsefer: Zingel Oken.
Cernua Schsefer: Acerina Giildenstadt, Gymnocephalus Bloch.
Daba Forskal: Epinephelus Bloch.
Djabub Forskal : Therapon Cuvier.
Galeus Valmont : Prionace Cantor.
Gaterin Forskal : Plectorhynchus Lacepede.
Ghanan Forskal: Scolopsis Cuvier.
Hobar Forskal : Lutianus Bloch.
Louti Forskal : Variola Swainson.
Mustelus Valmont : Cynias Gill.
Pleuracromylon Gill : Mustelus Leach.
Quinquarius Jordan : Pentaceros Cuvier,
Ramphistoma Rafinesque : Belone Cuvier.
Schour Forskal: Lethrinus Cuvier.
Schraitzer Schaefer: Leptoperca Gill.
Tahmel Forskal : Kyphosus Lacepede.
Vulpecula Valmont: Alopias Rafinesque.
G. Changes due to virtual preoccupation of names now in use.
If we follow the current practice of regarding generic names in words
otherwise similar and from identical roots, the same word if differing
RECAPITULATION 151
only in gender, in the presence or absence of the initial h in words of
Greek origin, or by the use of i or o as a connective, the following
changes are necessary in the current nomenclature, as given by Jordan &
Evermann, Fishes N. M. America, 1898.
Cenisophius Bonaparte : in place of Leucos Heckel, on account of the
earlier Leucus.
Centridermichthys Richardson: Trachidermus Heckel; Trachy-
DERMA.
Cheilonemus * Baird : Leucosomus Heckel ; Leucosoma.
Cremnobates Giinther: Auchenipterus Giinther; Auchenopterus.
Cynicoglossus Bonaparte : Microstomus Gottsche ; Microstoma.
Eudulus Fowler: Dules Cuvier; Dulus.
Evermannellus Fowler: Odontostomus Cocco ; Odontostoma.
Haloporphyrus Giinther : Lepidion Swainson ; Lepidia.
Hemiulis Swainson (as restricted by Bonaparte, 1839) ; Halichceres
Riippell ; Halichcerus.
Hypolophus Miiller: Pastinachus Riippell; Pastinaca,
Nebrodes Garman : Nebrius Riippell ; Nebria.
Notoscopelus Giinther : Macrostoma Risso ; Macrostomus.
Pisciregia Abbott: Gastropterus Cope; Gastropteron.
Podateles Boulenger : Ateleopus Schlegel ; Atelopus.
Quassilabia Jordan & Brayton : Lagochila J. & B. ; Lagocheilus.
Scaphirhynchops Gill: Scaphirhynchus Heckel; Scaphorhynchus.
Scytaliscus Jordan & Gilbert : Scytalinus J. & G. ; Scytalina.
Stenesthes f Jordan : new name for Stenotomus Gill ; Stenotoma.
Thrissocles Jordan : new name for Thryssa Cuvier ; Thrissa.
Xiphister Jordan & Gilbert: Xiphidion Girard ; Xiphidium.
H. Questionable cases, similar to G.
Catochaenum Cantor : Gerres Cuvier, on account of the prior Gerris.
Centracion Gray : Heterodontus Blainville ; Heterodon.
Choregon Minding: Thymallus Cuvier; Thymalus.
Corythobatus Cantor: Minous Cuv. & Val. ; Minois.
(new name) Chloea Jordan & Snyder; Chloeia.
(new name) Gramma Poey; Grammia.
(new name) Nebris Cuvier; Nebria; Nebrius.
*Type Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill, Cyprinus bullaris Rafinesque.
t Type Sparus chrysops L.
INDEX
In the following list, the names of genera apparently valid are left unmarked;
d indicates doubt of one form or another; s indicates synonyms, apparently never
to be revived or added to the system.
Abramis, d, 99
Abuhamrur, d, 34
Abu-defduf, d, 33
Acanthias, s, 119
Acanthicus, 131
Acanthinion, s, 64
Acanthodes, s, 145
Acanthurus, s, 33
Acanthoessus, 141
Acanthonotus Bloch, s, 53
Acanthonotus Gray, s,
138
Acanthopodus, s, 64
Acanthopsis, 116
Acanthophthalmus, 116
Acanthorhinus, s, 95
Acaramus, s, 89
Acarana, 139
Acarauna Catesby, s, 32
Acarauna Sewas., s, 68
Acentrolophus, s, 121
Acerina Giild., d, 32
Acerina Cuvier, s, 104,
125
Acestra, s, 137
Achirus, 65
Acipenser, 11
Acus, s, 24, 31, 50, 73
Aetobatus, 95
Ageneiosus, 66
Agriopus, 127
Ailia, 138
Alabes, loi
Albula Osbeck, d, 17
Albula Gronow, d, 20, 30,
42, 59
Alburnus Catesby, d, 30
Alburnus Raf., 112
Alectis, 88
Alepisaurus, d, 143
Alepocephalus, 113
Alopias, d, 78
Alosa, 49, 130
Alphestes, 59
Alpismaris, s, 120
Alticus, d, 69
Alutera, 98
Amanses, 139
Ambassis, 124
Amblodon, d, no
Ambloplites, iii
Amblypterus, 144
Ameiurus, 112
Amia Gronow, d, 20
Amia L., d, 23
Amia Browne, s, 46
Amiatus, d, 91
Ammocoetes, s, 97
Ammoccetus, 76
Ammodytes, 12
Amora, s, 139
Amorphocephalus, s, 119
Amphacanthus, s, 59
Amphiodon, no
Amphiprion, 59
Amphisile, s, 106
Amphisilen, s, 38
Ampheristus, 118
Anabas, 106
Anableps, 20, 42, 59
Anacanthus Ehr., 131
Anacanthus Gray, s, 138
Anampses, 117, 130
Anarhichas, 12
Ancylodon, s, 104
Anenchelum, 107
Anguilla, 73
Anodus, 132
Anomalodon, s, 119
Anopsus, s, 92
Anostomus, 20, 42, 93
Antennarius, 69, 104, 130
Anthea, s, 31
Anthias, 50
Aodon, s, 55
Aper, s, 72
Aphanius, 121
Aphareus, 135
Aphia, s, 119
Aphredoderus, 143
Aphritis, 137
Aplites, s, III
Apistes, 127
Aplesion, s, in
Aplocentrus, s, no
Aplodactylus, 137
Aplodinotus, d, no
Apocryptes, d, 17
Apogon, d, 62
Apomotis, no
Aprion, 135
Apsilus, 135
Apterichthys, s, 75
Apteronotus, 56
Apterurus, s, 83
Apterygia, s, 139
Apturus, s, 93
Argentina, 15
Argyctius, s, 80
Argyreiosus, s, 64
Argyropelecus, 133
[153]
154
THE GENERA OF FISHES
Asellus, s, 71
Asper, d, 16
Asperulus Schaefer, d, 16
Asperulus Klein, s, 40
Aspidophoroides, 62
Aspidophorus, s, 62
Aspidorhynchus, 144
Aspisurus, Sj 64
Aspredo, 20, 42
Aspro Comm., s, 70
Aspro Cuvier, s, 124
Asterropteryx, 122
Astroblepus, 76
Astrodermus, 129
Atherina, 15
Atractosteus, 112
Atropus, s, 105
Aulopus, 98
Aulostomus, 66
Aulus, s, 70
Aurata, s, 30, 103, 120
Ausonia, 120
Auxis, 129
Axinurus, s, 129
Aygula, s, 90
Aylopon, s, 80, 89
Bagre Catesby, s, 31
Bagre, 100
Bagrus, d, 100
Baillonus, s, 89
Balistapus, 113
Balistes, 15
Bangana, 115
Barbatula, 49
Barbus, 99
Barilius, 115
Batrachoides, 57
Batrachops, s, 114
Batrachus, s, 40, 57
Batrichtius, s, 88
Bedula, s, 130
Belone, d, 99
Bembras, 133
Bengala, 139
Beryx, 127
Blennius, 12
Blennus, s, 44
Blepharis, s, 105, 129
Blepsias, 127
Blochius, 54
Bodianus, d, 49
Bogmarus, s, 60
Bola, 114
Boops, 94, 102
Boridia, 135
Bostrichthys, 75
Bostrictis, s, 88
Bostrychoides, 61
Bostrychus, s, 61
Bothus, d, 79
Botia, 138
Bovichtus, 137
Box, 135
Brama Klein, d, ^y
Brama Cuvier, d, 58
Branchiostegus, 90
Branderius, s, 92
Brosme, 88, 100
Brosmus, s, 123
Bryttus, ^, 137
Bucklandium, 118
Buro, s, 67
Buronus, s, 90
Butyrinus, d, 65
Cabdio, 115
Csecilia, s, 56
Cascula, 52
Csesio, 61
Csesiomorus, d, 61
Calamostoma, 145
Callarias, s, 42
Callichrous, s, 114
Callichthys, 21, 42, 49
Calliodon, 59, 130
Calliomorus, s, 56
Callionymus, 12
Calliurus, s, no
Callorhynchus, 18, 98
Callyodon, 19, 42, 45
Campylodon, s, 53
Cantharus, s, 103
Capriscus, s, 43, 52, 82
Capros, 65
Caranx, 60
Caranxomorus, s, 61
Carapus Raf., 82
Carapus Cuvier, s, loi
Carcharhinus, 95
Carcharias Raf., 77
Carcharias Cuvier, s, 97
Carpiodes, 112
Cataphractus, s, 21, 32,
43, 51, ^23
Catopterus, s, 144
Catostomus, 96
Catulus, s, 2.7
Centracanthus, 79
Centracion, d, 138
Centranodon, s, 66
Centrarchus, s, 126
Centrina, s, 97
Centriscus, 16
Centrochir, s, 132
Centrogaster, s, 44
Centrolophus, 64
Centronotus Schn., s, 58
Centronotus Lac, s, 62
Centropodus, s, 62
Centropomus, 63
Centropristes, 126
Cephacandia, s, 89
Cephalacanthus, d, 62
Cephalepis, s, 82, 88
Cephaleutherus, s, 83
Cephalopholis, 59
Cephalopsis, s, 91
Cephalopterus, s, 77
Cephalus, s, 7^
Cephimmus, s, 89
Cepola, 22, 2^
Ceracantha, s, 88
Ceratorhynchus, 132
Cerictius, s, 78
Cerna, d, 141
Cernua, d, 16, 123
Cestracion Klein, d, 40
Cestracion Cuvier, s, 97
Cestreus, s, 43
Cestrorhinus, .y^ 95
Cetopsis, 131
Cetorhinus, 95
Chaca, 138
Chsetodipterus, 64
Chsetodon, 13
Chalceus, 96
Chanda, 114
Channa, 22, 42
Chanos, 67
Characinus, s, 14, 66, 98
INDEX
155
Charax, 21, 42
Chatoessus, s, 130
Chauliodus, 59
Cheilinus, 63
Cheilio, 63
CheilodactyIu3, 65
Cheilodipterus, 63
Chela, IIS
Chelmon, 105, 136
Chelon, 52
Cheloniger, d, 73
Chimaera, 11
Chirocentrus, 99
Chironectes, s, 92, 96
Chironemus, 126
Chirurgus, s, 108
Chirus, s, 84, 130
Chlopsis, 82
Chlorophthalmus, 142
Choregon, s, 140
Chorinemus, s, 137
Chromis Plumier, s, 7^
Chromis Cuvier, d, 93,
102
Chrosomus, 112
Chrysomelanus, s, 72
Chrysophris, s, 128
Chrysotosus, s, 65
Cichla, d, 59
Cicla, d, 39, 52
Cingla, s, 123
Cirrhibarbus, 129
Cirrhinus, 99
Cirrhitus, 65
Citharinus, 98
Citharus, 52
Citula, 105
Clarias, 20, 42
Clepticus, 130
CHnus, loi
Clodalus, s, III
Clodipterus, s, 89
Clupanodon, 68
Clupea, 15
Ccbitis, 14
Ccelorhynchus, 74
Cogrus, 81
Coilia, 138
Coius, s, 114
Colisa, s, 137
Colubrina, d, 65
Comephorus, 56
Conger, d, 22, 37, loi
Conodon, d, 135
Conomus, s, 92
Coracinus Gronow, d, 19
Coracinus Pallas, d, 84
Cordorinus, s, 91
Coregonus, 14, 66, 130
Corica, s, 115
Coricus, J, 102
Coris, 61
Corniger, 132
Corvina, d, 128
Corycus, s, 93
Corydoras, 66
Coryphsena, 12
Corypha^noides Gunner,
16
Coryphsenoides Lac, s,
62
Coryphus, s, 70
Corystion, s, 41, 79
Cottus, 12
Crayracion, s, 42
Crenidens, 135
Crenilabrus, 93, lOI
Cromis, d, 47
Crossocheilus, Ii6
Cugupuguacu, s, 30
Curimata, 50
Curimatus, s, 98
Cybium, s, 129
Cycleptus, no
Cyclogaster, d, 18
Cyclopoma, 145
Cyclopterus, 12
Cylindrosteus, 112
Cyncedus, s, 19, 42
Cynocephalus, d, 42
Cynodon, s, 132
Cynoglossus, 114
Cyprinodon, 68
Cyprinus, 15
Daba, d, 34
Dactyleptus, s, 88
Dactylopterus, d, 62
Dalatias, d, 77
Dalophis, s, 81
Dameus, s, 92
Danio, 115
Dapedium, 115
Dascyllus, 128
Dasyatis, d, 78
Dasybatis, s, 134
Dasybatus, d, 39
Datnia, 126
Daurada, s, 123
Decactylus, 113
Dentex, 94, 103
Diabasis, Sj 116
Diacope, s, 94, 103
Diagramma, s, 94, 103
Diana, 119
Diastodon, 119
Dicerobatus, s, 95
Dinectus, s, 108, 113
Diodon, 15
Dioplites, s, in
Dipinotus, s, 92
Diplanchias, s, 78
Diplesion, ^,111
Diplodus, d, 82
Diploprion, 124
Diplopterus, 138
Dipterodon Lac, s, 63
Dipterodon Cuvier, s, 128
Dipterus, 125
Dipturus, s, 78
Djabub, d, 34
Dobula, 112
Doras, 65
Dorosoma, in
Dorsuarius, s, 68
Drepane, 136
Dropsarus, s, 88
Dules, d, 126
Echelus, 81
Echeneis, 12
Echidna, 42
Echinorhinus, 95
Edomus, Sj, 90
Elseorhoiis, s, 83
Elacate, s, 129
Eleginus Fischer, 85
Eleginus Cuvier, s, 135
Eleotris, 20, 58, 90
156
THE GENERA OF FISHES
Elliops, s, 113
Elops Comm., s, 70
Elops L., 23
Enchelyopus Gronow, d,
19
Enchelyopus Klein, s, 37
Enchelyopus Schn., s, 57
Encrasicholus Comm., d.,
71
Encrasicholus Fleming,
s, 122
Engraulis, 98
Enoplosus, 50, 64
Ephippus, 105
Epibulus, 93, 102
Epidesmus, s, 107
Epigonus, 83
Epinephelus, d, 51
Epimonus, s, 92
Epinotus, s, 92
Eptatretus, 106
Epiphthalmus, s, 90
Equetus, s, 89
Equula, s, 105
Eremophilus, 76
Ericius, s, 76
Eritrinus, s, 72
Erythrinus Gronow, 21,
42
Erythrinus Plumier, s, 72
Esox, 14
Etheostoma, no
Etelis, 124
Etmopterus, 78
Etroplus, 135
Eurystomus, s, 113
Exocoetus, 15
Exoglossum, 109
Farer, d, 34
Fiatola, s, 106, 119
Fierasfer, d, 93, lOI
Fistularia, 14
Fluta, s, 60
Fundulus, 65
Gadus, 12
Gaidropsarus, 81
Galaxias, 99
Galeorhinus, 95
Galeus Valmont, d, 27
Galeus Klein, d, 37
Galeus Raf., s, 78
Galeus Cuvier, s, 97
Gallus, s, 64
Garra, 115
Gasteracanthus, s, 84
Gasterodon, s, 90
Gasteropelecus, 22
Gasterosteus, 13
Gastrobranchus, s, 53
Gastrogonus, s, 89
Gaterin, d, 34
Gempylus, 129
Gerres, 117
Ghanan, d, 34
Girella, 139
Glanis, s, 131
Glaucus, d, 38
Glossodon, s, 108
Glossodus, s, 93, 132
Glyphisodon, d, 64
Gobiesox, 57
Gobio Klein, s, 43
Gobio Cuvier, d, 99
Gobioides, 57
Gobiomoroides, s, 57
Gobiomorus, 57
Gobitis, s, 122
Gobius, 12
Gomphosus, 61
Gonenion, j, 80
Goniodermus, s, 91
Gonipus, s, 90
Gonorhynchus, 19, 42
Gonostoma, 83
Gonurus, s, 89
Gnathobolus, s, 60
Grammistes, 58
Gristes, s, 126
Guaperva, 5, 72
Guaris, s, 91
Guebucus, s, 89
Gymnarchus, 131
Gymnetrus, 45
Gymnocephalus, j, 51
Gymnogaster, .$■, 22
Gymnomuraena, s, 68
Gymnonotus, s, 60
Gymnopsis, j, 92
Gymnothorax, s, 53
Gymnotus, 12
Gymnurus, J, 88
Gyrodus, 144
Haemulon, 128
Halex, s, 71
Haliophis, 122
Kampala, 116
Harengus, s, 24, 31, 38
llarpe, s, 63
Ilarpurus, s, 43
Heliases, d, 128
Helmictis, s, 83, 92
Helops, s, 47
Helostoma, 129
Helotes, 127
Hemilepidotus, 127
Hemiplus, s, no
Ilemipteronotus, 61
Hemiramphus, 99
Ilemitripterus, 127
Heniochus, 105
Hepatus, d, 20, 52
Ilepsetia, s, 142
Heptranchias, 78
Heterobranchus, 107
Heterodontus, d, 95
Heterotis, 131
Hexagrammos, 76
Hexanchus, 78
Hiatula, s, 57
Hiodon, 107
Hippocampus, 79, 85, 98
Hippoglossus, 100
Hippurus, s, 43
Hirundo, s, 30
Histrio, 84
Hobar, d, 34
Holacantha, s, 88
Holacanthus, 64
Holocentrus, 19, 42
Hologymnosus, s, 63
Homaloptera, 116
Homolenus, s, 91
Hoplostethus, 133
Hoplichthys, 133
Huro, s, 124
Hynnis, 142
Hypacanthus, 80
INDEX
157
Hydrargira, s, 67
Hydrocyon, 96
Hypentelium, 109
Hypostomus, 66
Hypodis, s, 79
Hypophthalmus, 131
Ichthelis, ^,111
Ichthyococcus, 141
Ichthyocolla, s, 24
Ichthyocoris, s, 142
Ichthyolithus, s, 120
Ichthyophis, s, 123
Ictaetus, s, 93
Ictalurus, 113
Ictiobus, d, 112
Ictiopogon. s, 92
Ictius, s, 88
Ilictis, s, 112
Ischnosoma, s, 132
Tstiophorus, 62
Isurus, 78
Johnius, 51
Julis, 94, lOi
Kurtus, 44
Kyphosus, 61
Labeo Cuvier, 99
I^abeo Bowd., s, 118
Labrax Klein, d, 39
Labrax Pallas, i, 77, 124
Labrus, 13
Lachnolaimus, 130
Lasviraja, s, 121
Lamia, s, 119
Lamna, 97
Lampanyctus, 142
Lampreda, s, 93
Lampris, 54
Lampugus, s. 143
Larimus, 134
Latargus, s, 38
Lates, 124
Latilus, s, 135
Lebia, s, 99
Lebius, s, &4
Leiobatus Klein, s, 38
Leiobatus Raf., s, 78
Leiobatus Blain. s^ 95
Leiognathus, 64
Leiostomus, 64
Leirus, 143
Lemnisoma, s, 140
Lepadogaster, 28
Lepibema, 11 1
Lepicantha, s, 89
Lepidoleprus, s, 77
Lepidopus, 28
Lepidosaurus, s, 141
Lepidotes, 141
Lepimphis, s, 79, 90
Lepipterus Raf., s, 89
Lepipterus Cuv., 135
Lepisacanthus, s, 62
Lepisosteus, d, 66
Lepodus, d, 80
Lepomis, no
Lepomus, s, 89
Leporinus, 132
Lepterus, s, 80
Leptosoma, s, 121
Leptocephalus, 22
Leptolepis, 141
Leptops, 112
Leptopus, s, 86
Lethrinus, d, 128
Leuciscus, 37, 99
Leucops, s, no
Leucosomus, s, 139
Lichia, 105, 137
Liparis, d, 41, 52
Liparius, s, 90
Litholepis, s, 109
Lobocheilus, s, 116
Lobotes, 128
Lonchiurus, 51
Lopharis, s, 80, 89
Lophidius, s, 92
Lophius, II
Lophotes, 74, loi
Loricaria, 14
Lota, TOO
Lotta, s, 119
Louti, d, 34
Lucioperca, s, 124
Lucius, d, 24, 40, 80
Lumpus, s, 90, 101
Lutianus, d, 49
Lutodeira, s, 122
Luvarus, 79
Luxilus, 112
Lymnea, s, 92
Macquaria, 135
Macrocephalus, s, 47
Macrodon, 115
Macrognathus, 56
Macrolepis, s, 89
Macropodus, 63
Macropteronotus, s, 65
Macrorhamphosus, 66
Macrorhynchus, 56, 75
Macrostoma, s, 120
Macrourus, 44
Maena, d, 128
Msenas, d, 39
Makaira, s, 65
Malacanthus, 130
Malapterurus, 65
Mallotus, 130
Malthe, s, 105, 130
Mastaccembelus, s, 40
Mastacembelus, s, 21, 42
Maturacus, s, 90
Maxillingua, s, 109
Megabatus, s, 93
Megaderus, s, 92
Megalops, 66, 90
Megalurus, 144
Megaphalus, s, 89
Melanictis, s, 92
Meletta, s, 94
Membras, 142
Mene, 68
Meneus, s, 90
Menidia Browne, d, 46
Menidia Bon., d, 142
Merlangus, .y, 83, 100
Merluccius, 79
Merolepis, 81
Mesopodus, s, 89
Mesoprion, s, 124
Microchirus, 141
Microdon, s, 144
Micropodus, s, 89
Micropogon, 135
Microps, s, 144
Micropterus, 63
Micropteryx, s, 132
Micropus, s, 139
158
THE GENERA OF FISHES
Microstoma, 99
Minnilus, J, III
Minous, 133
Misgurnus, 65
Mobula, 82
Mola, 28, 49, 54
Mollinesia, 114
Molva, 122
Monacanthus, 98
Monocentris, 58
Monoceros, s, 58, 71
Monochir, s, 131
Monochirus Raf., 87
Monochirus Cuvier, s, 100
Monochirus Bon., s, 141
Monodactylus, 61
Monopterhinus, s, 95
Monopterus, 56
Monotaxis, 136
Mora, 119
Morhua, s, 122
Moringua, d, 138
Mormyra, s, 46
Mormyrus, 15, 29
Morone, 86
Morrhua, s, 100
Morua, s, 119
Morulius, s, 115
Motella, s, 131
Moxostoma, 112
Mugil, 15
Mugiloides, 67
Mugilomorus, s, 67
Mullus, 14
Mupus, s, 143
Murasna, 11
Mursenoblenna, s, 68
Muraenoides, s, 56
Mursenophis, s, 54, 68
Mustela, s, 100
Mustellus, s, 85
Mustelus Valmont, d, 27
Mustelus Linck, d, 49
Mustelus Raf., .?, 84
Mustelus Cuvier, s, 97
Myctophum, 82
Myletes, 93, 96
Mylio, s, 70
Myoxocephalus, 83
Myripristis, 127
Mystus Gronow, 21
Mystus Klein, s, 38
Mystus Scopoli, 42
Mystus Lac, s, 67
Myxodes, 129
Myxonum, s, 90
Nandina, 138
Nandus, 137
Naqua, d, 34
Narcacion, d, 39
Narcobatis, s, 134
Narcobatus, d, 95
Narke, 121
Naseus, s, 69
Naso, 61
Nasonus, s, 88
Nauclerus, s, 142
Naucrates, 80
Nebris, 134
Neleus, s, 92
Nemacheilus, 116
Nemipus, s, 88
Nemocampsis, s, iii
Nemochirus, 86, 92
Nerophis, 82
Nettastoma, 81
Nomeus, 105
Notacanthus, 44
Notagogus, 144
Notemigonus, no
Notidanus, s, 97
Notistium, s, 74
Notognidion, s, 80
Notopterus, 56
Notropis, 108
Noturus, 109
Novacula, s, 31, 102
Nyctophus, s, 133
Oblada, 128
Octonus, s, 82, 90
Oculeus, s, 70
Odax Plumier, s, 70
Odax Cuvier, d, 130
Odontognathus, 56
Odontolepis, Sj 85
Odumphus, Sj 91
Ogcocephalus, 85
Oligopodes, s, 105
Oligopodus, s, 57
Olistus, 129
Ompok, 65
Oncotion, s, 42
Onopionus, s, 91
Onos, s, 119
Onus, s, 81
Oonidus, s, 91
Ophicephalus, 53
Ophichthus, 45
Ophidion, 12
Ophiognathus, s, 121
Ophisurus, 56
Opictus, s, 91
Opisotomus, .y, 70
Opisthognathus, 101
Opladelus, s, 112
Oplichthys, s, 133
Opsanus, 108
Orbidus, s, 91
Orbis, s, 24, 31, 71, 85
Orcynus, s, 89, 105
Oreosoma, 127
Orthagoriscus, s, 60
Orthragus, s, 78
Osmerus, 14, 66
Osphronemus, 61
Osteoglossum 131, 132
Osteolepis, 134
Ostorhinchus, 63
Ostracion, 15
Otolithes, 104
Ovoides, 55, 75
Ovum, s, 60
Oxima, s, 86
Oxycephas, s, 79
Oxygaster, 116
Oxynotus, s, 82
Oxystomus, s, 83
Oxyurus, s, 79
Pacamus, s, 88
Pachycormus, 144
Pachyurus, 132
Pagellus, 128
Pagrus Plumier, d, 72
Pagrus Cuvier, d, 103
INDEX
159
Palaeobalistum, io8
Palseoniscum, 103
Palaeorhynchum, 108
Palaeothrissum, s, 108
Panotus, s, 89
Paralepis, 104, 120
Passer, s, 38
Pastinaca, s, 121
Pastinachus, d, 122
Pegasus, 16
Pegedictis, d, 113
Pelamis, s, 72
Pelamys, s, 37
Pelates, 126
Pelmatia, d, 47
Pelor, s, 127
Pempheris, 128, 136
Pentaceros, d, 125
Pentapus, 128
Peprilus, 129
Perca, 13
Percis Klein, s, 39
Percis Scopoli, d, 41
Percis Schn., s, 58
Percis Raf., s, 90
Percophis, 118
Periophthalmus, 58
Peristedion, 62
Petimbuabo, s, 31
Petromyzon, il
Phalangistes, s, 83
Pharopteryx, s, 122
Pholidophorus, 140
Pholidus, s, 88
Pholis Gronow, 19
Pholis Scopoli, 42
Pholis Rose, s, 52
Pholis Cuvier, s, loi
Phoxinus, 112
Phractocephalus, 131
Phycis Rose, 51
Phycis Schn., s, 58
Phycis Raf., s, 79
Phyllophorus, s, 91
Piabucus, s, 98
Picorellus, s, 112
Piescephalus, s, 81, 90
Pilodictis, s, no
Pimelepterus, s, 63
Pimelodus, 65
Pimephales, 112
Pinguipes, s, 127
Piratia, s, 91
Plaguisa, ,f, 88
Plagusia Browne, d, 46
Plagusia Cuvier, s, loi
Plagyodus, 84
Plargyrus, s, 112
Platax, 105
Platessa, s, 100
Platiglossus, 40
Platirostra, s, 107
Platopterus, s, 92
Platycephalus, 53
Platyptera, s, 130
Platystacus, 53
Platystoma, s, 131
Plecopodus, .y, 90
Plecostomus, 21
Plectorhinchus, </, 61
Plectropomus, 103
Plesiops, 102
Pleuronectes, 13
Plotosus, 66
Podoleptus, s, 92
Poecilia, 59
Pogonathus, s, 65
Pogonias, 61
Pogostoma, ,y, 108
Polipturus, s, 89
Polyacanthus, 129
Polydactylus, s, 67
Polynemus, 15
Polyodon, 54, 59
Polyprion, 104, 117
Polypterus, 54, 77
Pomacampsis, ,y, in
Pomacantha, s, 88
Pomacanthis, s, 89
Pomacanthus, 64
Pomacentrus, 64
Pomadasys, 64
Pomagonus, s, 89
Pomatias, s, 60
Pomatomus Lac, 6^
Pomatomus Cuvier, s,
124
Pomolobus, III
Pomotis Raf., s, no
Po'motis Cuv., s, 126
Pomoxis, 109
Pompilus, s, 140
Porcus, 107
Porthmeus, 142
Premnas, 106
Priacanthus, d, 94, 104
Pricus, s, 93
Prinodon, s, 90
Priodon, s, 118, 129
Prionotus, 62
Pristibatis, s, 134
Pristigaster, 99
Pristipomus, s, 94, 103
Pristis, 41, 49, 52
Proceros, s, 113
Prochilodus, 132
Prochilus Klein, d, 39
Prochilus Cuvier, s, 104
Proctostegus, s, 121
Propterygia, s, 117
Psalisostomus, d, 44
Psenes, 142
Psettus, s, 70, 128, 136
Pseudopterus, d, 40
Psiloides, s, 85
Psilus, s, 85
Psittacus, s, 31
Pteraclidus, .y, 88
Pteraclis, 22
Pterapon, s, 139
Pterichthus, s, 71
Pteridium, s, 41
Pterois, d, 104
Pterops, s, 88
Pterurus, .y, 82, 92
Ptycholepis, 140
Puntius, 115
Pycnodus, 144
Rachycentron, 121
Raconda, 138
Raja, n
Ramphistoma, d, 91
Raniceps, 100
Rataboura, d, 138
Regalecus, 28, 45
Remora, 28, 31
Rhaphiodon, 132
160
THE GENERA OF FISHES
Rhina Klein, d, 39
Rhina Schn., d, 59
Rhina Raf., s, 78
Rhinelepis, 131
Rhinobatos, s, 49
Rhinobatus, 40, 59
Rhomboida, d, 48
Rhombotides, s, 38
Rhombus Klein, d, 38
Rhombus Lac, s, 56
Rhombus Raf., d, 100
Rhynchichthys, s, 137
Rhynchobdella, s, 59
Rincoxis, s, 92
Roccus, 86
Rutilus, 112
Ruvettus, 144
Rypticus, 125
Saccopharynx, 117
Salanx, d, 99
Salaria. s, 3;}
Salarias, loi
Saltatrix, s, 30
Salminus, 132
Salmo, 14
Salpa, s, 30
Salvelinus, 140
Samaris, 139
Sandat, s, 122, 124
Sander, 104
Sandrus, s, 123
Sarchirus, s, 109
Sarda Plumier, d, 72
Sarda Cuvier, d, 129
Sargus Klein, d, 39
Sargus Plumier, d, 72
Sargus Cuvier, s, 102
Saurocephalus, 118
Saurodon, 136
Sauropsis, 140
Saurostomus, 144
Saurus Catesby, d, 29
Saurus Browne, d, 48
Saurus Cuvier, s, 98
Sayris, s, 81, 91
Scarcina, s, 79
Scardinius, 142
Scarus Gronow, s, 19
Scarus Forsk., d, 32
Scatharus, 135
Scatophagus, 136
Schedcphilus, 133
Schilbe, 100
Schizodon, s, 132
Schour, d, 34
Schraitzer, d, 16
Sciasna, 13, 93
Scisenus, s, 69
Scoliostomus, s, 122
Scolopsides, s, 128
Scolopsis, d, 94, 103
Scomber, 14
Scomberesox, 66
Scomberoides, 60
Scomberomorus, 62
Scopelus, s, 98
Scophthalmus, s, 82
Scorpgena, 13
Scorpius, 72
Scylliorhinus, 95
Scyllium, s, 97
Scymnus, s, 97
Scyphius, s, 119
Scyris, s, 129
Sebastes, 127
Selache, s, 97
Selanonius, s, 122
Seleima, s, 119
Selene, 64
Semionotus, 140
Semotilus, 112
Sephenia, s, 93
Seriola, 105
Serranus, 94, 103
Serrasalmus, 66
Seserinus, s. 106
Siganus, 32
Sillago, loi
Silurus, 14
Siphostoma, s, 79
Sisor, 115
Skeponopodus, s, 144
Smaris, s, 93, 102
Smerdis, 145
Soarus, s, 49
Solea Klein, d, 31
Solea Quensel, d, 40, 74,
81, 100
Solenostomus Gronow,
s, 21
Solenostomus Klein, s,
43
Solenostomus Browne,
s, 46
Solenostomus Lac, d, 67
Somniosus, 107
Soranus, s, 91
Sorubim, 132
Sparus, 13
Spatularia, s, 74
Sphagebranchus, 53
Spheroides, s, 55, 75
Sphyrasna, 43, 52, 58
Sphyrna, 82
Spicara, 80
Spinachia, 105, 123
Spinax, s, 97
Spirobranchus, 129, 137
Squalius, s, 141
Squalus, 11
Squatina, d, 75
Squatinoraja, s, 116
Stellifer, 104
Stelliferus, s, 123
Sterletus, s, 113
Sternarchus, s, 59
Sternoptix, 44
Stizostedion, ill
Stolephorus, 67
Stomias, 99
Stomodon, s, 86
Stromateus, 12
Strinsia, 81
Sturio, s, 82, 112
Stylephorus, 50
Sudis Raf., 80
Sudis Cuv., s, 99
Suillus, s, 30
Symphocles, s, 92
Symphodus, 79
Symphurus, 81
Synagris, s, 38
Synanceja, 58
Synbranchus, 53
Syngnathus, 16
Synodontis, 100
Synodus, 20, 42, 59
INDEX
161
Syphyrnias, s, 92
Taenia, s, 52
Taenianotus, 63
Taenioides, 57
Tachysurus, d, 66
Tahhmel, d, 34
Tangus, s, 91
Tasica, s, 88
Taunis, s, 88
Taurichthys, 128
Tautoga, 86
Telestes, 141
Telipomis, s, iii
Temera, 138
Temnodon, s, 106
Terapon, 104
Teretulus, s, 113
Tetragonolepis, 136
-Tetragonopterus, 93, 96
Tetragonoptrus, s, 40
Tetragonurus, 77
Tetraodon, 15
Tetrapturus, 80
Tetroras, s, 77
Teuthis, d, 23, 48
Therapon, 104
Thrissa, s, 90, 98
Thrissocles, 130
Thrissops, 144
Thryssa, s, 130
Thymallus, 49, 130
Thynnus, s, 48, 105
Thyrsites, 129
Tinea, 99
Tirus, s, 80
Tor, 139
Torpedo Houttuyn, 22
Torpedo Forsk., 32
Torpedo Raf., s, 75, 82
Toxotes, 105, 137
Trachichthys, 55, 73
Trachinotus, 61
Trachinvis, 12
Trachipterus, 28
Trachurus, 72, 79
Trachyrhynchus, 74
Triacanthus, 98
Trichidion, s, 40
Trichis, s, 73
Trichiurus, 12
Trichiodon, 127
Trichogaster, 58
Trichonotus, 58, 90
Trichopodus, s, 61
Trichopus, s, 7$
Tricropterus, s, 79
Trigla, 14
Trinectes, 142
Triodon, 131
Tripteronotus, s, 65
Tripterygion, 119
Trisopterus, 87, 88
Triurus, 56
Trutta, 14, 24, 37
Trygon, s, 98, 120
Trygonobatus, s, 94
Turdus, s, 30
Tylosurus, 143
Typhle, s, 78
Typhlinus, 91
Typhlobranchus, s, 60
Typhlotes, s, 85
Umbla, s, 29
Umbra, 20, 42
Umbrina, 104
Unibranchapertura, s, 68
Unicornis, s, 31
Upeneus, 127
Urasus, s, 140
Uranoscopus L., 12
Uranoscopus Gron., s, 19
Uroxis, s, 83
Vandellius, s, 73
Vipera, s, 32
Vomer, d, 105
Vulpecula, dj 27
Xiphias, 12
Xiphorhynchus, 132
Xiphostoma, 132
Xipotheca, s, 84
Xypterus, s, 82
Xyrichthys, 93
Xyster, s, 68
Xysterus, s, 90
Zanclus, 70, 136
Zebricium, s, 92
Zeus, 13
Zingel, d, 104, 106
Zoarces, d, 129
Zygasna, s, 97
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THE GENERA OF FISHES
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CONTENTS
Page
Introductory Note 163
Additions, Etc., to Part 1 167
7. Houttuyn, Historic, 1764 167
9. Muller, Delineationes, 1767 167
10. Geoffrey, 719 Plantes, 1767 168
17A. Gronow, Pteraclis, 1772 168
17B. Giildenstadt, Sterleta, \772 168
20. Klein, Schauplatz, I, 1775 168
31 A. Klein, Schauplatz, VIII, 1779.... 168
3 IB. Brunnich, Vaagmaer, 1788 168
45. Bloch, Ausldndische, IX, 1795.... 168
47. Volta, Ichthyolithologia, 1796.... 169
55. Bloch & Schneider, 5'y.y^^ma, 1801 169
56. Lacepede, Poissons, IV, V, 1803 169
56A. Lacepede, Nouvelle Hollande,
1804 169
56B. Bory, Afrique, 1804 170
67. Dumeril, Cyclostomes, 1808 170
72. Rafinesque, Caratteri, 1810 170
75 A. Perry, Arcana. 1811 170
75B. Humboldt, & Valenciennes, Voy-
age, 1811 170
85. Rafinesque, Analyse, 1815 170
91. Cuvier, Regne Animal, I, 1817.... 171
92. Oken, Isis, 1817 171
97. Blainville, Fossilcs, 1818 171
108. Goldfuss, Handbuch, 1820 171
110. Hamilton, Ganges, 1822 172
112. Van Hasselt, Java, 1823 172
119. Konig, Icones, 1825....: 172
119A. Le Sueur, New Salmo, 1825.... 172
119B. Adanson, Histoire Naturelle,
1825 172
121. Risso, Meridionale, 1826 173
121. A.. Riley, Squaloraia, 1826 173
128. Riippell, Rothes Meer, 1828 173
128A. Thienemann, Lehrhuch, 1828.. 173
132. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, II, 1828 173
134. Agassiz, Brazil, 1829 173
135. Cuvier, Regne Animal, II, 1829.. 173
136. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons. Ill, 1829 173
Page
136A. Smith, South Africa, 1829 174
136B. Bancroft, Sea Devil, 1829 174
142. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, 1830 174
143 Bennett, Sumatra, 1830 174
143A. Bennett, Mauritius, 1830 174
146A. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, VII, VIII, 1831 175
146B. Bonaparte Saggio, 1831 175
147A. Eichwald, Rossicc, 1831 176
150A. Gray, Miscellany, 1831 176
151B. Miinster, Petrefakten, 1832 176
151 C. Couch, British Fauna, 1832 176
151D. Nardo, Pesci nuovi, 1832 176
151E. Krynicki, Schilus, 1832 176
152. Minding, Lehrbuch, 1832 176
153 Nilsson, Scandinavice, 1832 176
153A. Reinhardt, Gronland, 1832 176
164. Agassiz, Fossilcs. II, IV, 1833.... 177
165. Brandt & Ratzeburg, Medezi-
nische, 1833 177
166. Cocco, Peloritani, 1833 178
167. Cocco, Lettere, 1833 178
168. Cocco, Messina, 1833 178
169. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, IX, 1833 178
170. Gray, Illustrations, 1833 178
171. 172. Lowe, New Genus, 1833 179
173. Lowe, Madeira, 1833 179
174. Nardo, Skeponopodus, 1833 179
175. Reinhardt, Skandinavisk, 1833.... 179
176. Agassiz, Fossile Fische, 1834 179
177. Agassiz, Bohmen, 1834 180
178. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, V,
1834 180
179. Costa, Cenni, 1834 180
180. Griffith, Cuvier, 1834 180
181. Henle, Narcine, 1834 180
182. Munster, Rabenstein, 1834 180
183. Quoy & Gaimard, Astrolabe,
1834 180
184. Agassiz, Karpfen, 1834 180
IV
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11
Page
185. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, 1835. 181 223.
186. Agassiz, Glarner-S chief er, 1835 181 224.
187. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pots- 225.
sons, X, 1835 181 226.
188. Gottsche, Pleuronectes, 1835 181 227.
189. Joannis, Nil, 1835 182 228.
190. Meyen, Peru, 1835 182
191. Muller, Myxinoiden, 1835 182 229.
192. De la Pylaie, Recherches, 1835.. 182
193. Riippell, Abyssinien, 1835 184 230.
194. Schultze, Hexabranchus, 1835.... 184 231.
195. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 232.
1836 184
196. Agassiz & Hibbert, Burdiehouse, 233.
1836 185 234.
197. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XI, 1836 185 235.
198. Heckel, Scaphirhynchus, 1836.... 185
199. Heckel & Fitzinger, Acipenser, 236.
1836 185 237.
200 Lienard, Maurice, 1836 185
201. Miinter, Capitosaurus, 1836 185 238.
202. Richardson, Arctic, 1836 185 239.
203. Richardson, B or eali- Americana, 240.
III. 1836 186
204. Riippell, Nil, 1836 186 241.
205. Yarrell, British Fishes, 1836 186 242.
206. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 243.
V, 1837 186 244.
207. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, III, 245.
1837 186 246.
208. Cantraine, Messina, 1837 188 247.
209. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois- 248.
sons, XII, 1837 188 249.
210. Egerton, Fossil Fishes, 1837 189
211. Fitzinger, Natterer, 1837 189 250.
212. Fries, Pterycombus, 1837 189 251.
213. Geinitz, Muschelkalk, 1837 189
214. Heckel, Beitrdge, 1837 189 252.
215. Kutorga, Dorpat, 1837 189 253.
216. Miiller & Henle, HaiHsche, 1837. 189 254.
217. Muller & Henle, Cartilaginous
Fishes, 1837 189 255.
218. Redfield, Connecticut, 1837 190 256.
219. Reinhardt, Bythites, 1837 190 257.
220. Smith, Squalus, 1837 190 258.
221. Thompson, Echiodon, 1837 190 259-
222. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, III, 262.
IV, 1838 190 263.
Page
Buckland, Bagshot Sands, 1838.. 191
Cocco, Messina, 1838 191
Gray, Aracana, 1838 192
Heckel, Caschmir, 1838 192
Lowe, Maderensiuni, 1838 192
Miiller & Henle, Plagiostomen,
1838 192
Miiller & Henle, Leptocharias
1838 193
Nordmann, Hexacanthus, 1838.. 193
Reinhardt, Gronland, 1838 193
Swainson, Natural History, I,
1838 193
Agassiz, Steinkerne, 1839 194
Agassiz, Old Red Sandstone,
1839 194
Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, II,
IV (part), 1839 194
Bonaparte, Systema, 1839 194
Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XIII, XIV, 1839 194
Lay & Bennett, Beechey, 1839.... 195
Lowe, Madeira, 1839 195
M'Clelland, Indian Cyprinidce,
1839 ' 195
M'Clelland. CyprinidcB, 1839 195
Mitchell, Australia, 1839 196
Miiller, Cyclostomen, 1839 196
Miinster, Kupferschiefer, 1839.... 196
Nardo, Mola, 1839 196
Owen, Lepidosiren, 1839 196
Owen, Fossil Fishes, 1839 196
Ranzani, Mola, 1839 196
Richardson, Van Diemen's Land,
1839 197
Storer, Massachusetts, 1839 197
Swainson, Natural History, II,
1839 197
Bennett, Whaling Voyage, 1840.. 206
Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1840.. 206
Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XV, 1840 206
Eichwald, Fossil Fishes, 1840 206
Heckel, Natterer, 1840 207
Lowe, Madeira, 1840 207
Miinster, Kupferschiefer, 1840.... 207
■261. Miinster, Bayreuth, 1840 207
Nordmann, Pontica, 1840 207
Owen, Odontography, 1840 207
CONTENTS
Page
264. Ranzani, Piscium, 1840 207
265. Richardson, Australia, 1840 208
266. Thompson, India, 1840 208
267. Agassiz, Ceard, 1841 208
268. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1841.... 208
269. Eichwald, Caspio-Caucasica, 1841 208
270. Fleming, New Skate, 1841 208
271. Heckel, Aulopyge, 1841 209
272. Hogg, Protomelus, 1841 209
273. Lowe, Madeira, 1841 209
274. W\\\<tr,OldRedSandstone,\^\.. 209
275. Munster, Asterodon, 1841 209
276. Nardo, Brachyochirus, 1841 209
277. Owen, Fossil Teeth, 1841 209
278. Sykes, Dukhiin, 1841 210
279. Agassiz, Diplacanthus, 1842 210
280. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XVI, 1842 210
281. Dekay, New York, 1842 210
282. Gray, New Zealand, 1842 210
283. Haldeman, Susquehannah, 1842.. 211
284. Heckel, Syrien, 1842 211
285. Jenyns, Beagle, 1842 211
286. M'Clelbnd, Cestreus, 1842 212
287. M'Clelland, Fishes, 1842 212
288. Mijnster, Bayern, 1842 212
289. Miinster, JEthalion, 1842 212
290. Owen, Raphiosaurus, 1842 212
291. Richardson, King George's
Sound, 1842 212
292. Schomburgk, Fishes of Guiana,
1842 212
293. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna
Japonica, 1842 213
294. Valenciennes, Bonita, 1842 213
295. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, Til
1843 213
296. Egerton, Chimoeroids, 1843 214
297. Hall, New York, 1843 214
298. Heckel, Syrien, 1843 214
299. llQcktl, Russegge}^sReisen,\%Ai 215
300. Lowe, Madeira, 1843 215
301. Lowe, Madeira, 1843 215
302. Muller, Knochennsche, 1843 215
303. Miiller, Familien, 1843 215
304. Miinster, Petrefaktenkunde, 1843 216
305. Portlock, Londonderry, 1843 216
306. Richardson, Machcerium, 1843.... 216
Page
307, 308. Temminck & Schlegel,
Fauna Japonica, 1843 216
309. Agassiz, Poissons Fossiles, I, H,
III, IV, V, 1844 216
310. Cocco, Messina, 1844 219
311. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XVII, 1844 219
312. Egerton, Mount Lebanon, 1844.. 220
313. Eichwald, Pawlowsk, 1844 220
314. Koninck, Belgique, 1844 220
315. M'Clelland, China, 1844 220
316. M'Clelland, Bengal, 1844 220
317. Meyer & Plieninger, IVurttem-
berg, 1844 221
318. Miiller & Troschel, Characini,
1844 221
319. Nardo, Caninoa, 1844 221
320. Peters, Rhinocryptis, 1844 222
320A. Reuss, Bohmen, 1844 222
321. Richardson, Hapalogenys, 1844.. 222
322. Richardson, Channichthys, 1844. 222
323. Richardson, Patcecus, 1844 222
324. Richardson, Sulphur, 1844 222
325. Richardson, Erebus and Terror,
1844 222
326. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna
Japonica, 1844 223
327. Valenciennes, Canaries, 1844 223
328. Agassiz, Fossiles, Londres, 1845.. 223
329. Agassiz, Vieux Gres Rouge, 1845. 225
330. Bleeker, Batavia, 1845 225
331. Bonaparte, Catalogo, 1845 225
ii2. Brodie, Fossil Insects, 1845 226
m. Costa, Fossil Fishes, 1845 226
334. Kroyer, Icelus, 1845 226
335. Kroyer, Carelophus, 1845 226
336. Kroyer, Caracanthus, 1845 227
337. Kr5yer, Ccratias, 1845 227
338. M'Clelland, Boutan, 1845 227
339. Miiller & Troschel, Characinen,
1845 227
340. Owen, Odontography, 1845 227
341. Richardson, Gasteroschisma,
1845 227
342. Richardson, China, 1845 227
343. South, Encyclopedia, 1845 227
344. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna
Japonica, 1845 227
VI
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Page
345. Agassiz, Nomenclator, 1846 228
346. Agassiz, M anus crip turn, 1846 228
347. Bibron, Chilomycterus, 1846 228
348. Brisout de Barneville, Gobie-
soces, 1846 228
349. Brisout de Barneville, Trachelo-
chismus, 1846 228
350. Costa, Napoli, 1846 228
351. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XVni, 1846 228
352. Eichwald, Russia, 1846 229
353. Keyserling, Petchora, 1846 229
354. Kroyer, Danmark, 1846 229
355. Lowe, Lophiidce, 1846 229
356. Meyer, Jena, 1846 229
357. MuUer, Arapaima, 1846 229
358. Miinster, Ueberreste, 1846 229
359. Norwood & Owen, Indiana, 1846. 229
3S9A. Richardson, Australia, 1846 230
360. Peters, Labyrinthftschen, 1846.... 230
361. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna
Japonica, 1846 230
362. Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1846.... 230
363. Valenciennes, Eremophilus, 1846. 230
364. Bleeker, Siluroideorum, 1847 230
365. Bleeker, Pharyngognathorum,
1847 230
366. Brisout de Barneville, Centro-
pristis, 1847 230
367. Brisout de Barneville, Anguilli-
formes, 1847 231
368. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XX, 1847 231
369. Egerton, Chimceroids, 1847 231
370. Giebel, Glarus, 1847 231
371. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1847 231
372. Guichenot, Pomanotis, 1847 232
373. Kner, Cephalaspis, 1847 232
374. Meyer, Paleontographica, 1847.. 232
375. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1847 232
376. Plieninger, Degcrloch, 1847 232
377. Wood, Leiodon, 1847 232
378. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1848 232
379. Beyrich, Rothliegenden, 1848 233
380. Bleeker, Sumbawa, 1848 232
381. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XXI, 1848 233
382. Dana, Australia, 1848 233
383. Ewald, Menaspis, 1848 233
Page
384. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1848 .^. 233
385. Gistel, Thierreich, 1848 233
386. Guichenot, Megaprotodon, 1848 .. 238
387. Guichenot, Chile, 1848 238
388. Meckel, Xiphophorus, 1848 238
389. Jerdon, India, 1848 239
390. M'Coy, Carboniferous, 1848 239
391. M'Coy, Ichihyolites, 1848 239
392. Miiller, Fossile, 1848 239
393. Muller, & Troschel, British-
Guiana, 1848 239
394. Richardson, Samarang, 1848 239
395. Ayres, Malacosteus, 1849 240
396. Bleeker, Celebes, 1849 240
397. Bleeker, Lahroiden, 1849 240
398. Bleeker, Percoiden, 1849 240
399. Bleeker, Blennioiden, 1849 240
400. Bleeker, Madura, 1849 241
401. Bleeker, Bali, 1849 241
402. Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 1849 .... 241
403. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Pois-
sons, XXII, 1849 242
404. Germar, Wittenberg, 1849 242
405. 406. Giebel, Vorwelt, 1849 242
407. Heckel, Chirocentrites, 1849 242
408. Heckel, Syrien, 1849 242
409. Hoeven, Dierkunde, 1849 243
410. Jordan, Triodus, 1849 243
411. M'Coy, Carboniferous, 1849 243
412. Meyer, Muschelkalk, 1849 243
413. Muller & Troschel, Hor^F Zoo/o-
giccF, 1849 243
413A. Newman, Devil Fish, 1849 244
414. Reid, Vaagmccr, 1849 244
415. Reinhardt, Sydamerika, 1849 244
416. Sismonda, Piemonte, 1849 244
417. Smith, South Africa, 1849 244
418. Thiolliere, Jura, 1849 244
419. Williamson, Scales and Teeth,
1849 244
420. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850 245
421. Bleeker, Mmwiden, 1850 245
422. Bleeker, Betta, 1850 245
423. Costa, Ittioliti, 1850 245
424. Dixon, Sussex, 1850 245
425. Egerton, Ganoidei, 1850 246
426. Fischer, Platacanthus, 1850 246
427. Fischer, Ommatolampes, 1850.... 246
428. Gibbes, Mososaurus, 1850 246
CONTENTS
Vll
Page
429. Guichenot. Algerie, II, 1850 246
430. Heckel, Oesterreich, 1850 246
431. Jerdon, Pristolepis, 1850 246
432. Lankester, Old Red Sandstone,
1850 246
433. Lowe, Madeira, 1850 246
434. Pictet, Mont Liban, 1850 247
435. Richardson, Australia, 1850 247
436. Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna
Japonica, 1850 247
437. Thiolliere, Jura, 1850 247
438. Bleeker, Banka, 1581 247
439. Bleeker, Borneo, II, 1851 247
440. Bleeker, Makreelagtige, 1851 248
441. Bleeker, Borneo, III, 1851 248
442. Bleeker, Cheilinoides, 1851 248
443. Bleeker, Borneo, IV, 1851 248
444. Bleeker, Celebes, II, 1851 248
445. Bleeker, Banda, 1851 248
446. Gaimard, Skandinavie, 1851 249
447. Girard, Cottus, 1851 249
448. Girard, Cottopis, 1851 249
449. Gray, Australia, 1851 249
450. Liitken, Ophisurus, 1851 249
451. Meyer, Jena, 1851 249
452. 453. Meyer, Nephrotus, 1851 249
454. M'Coy, Steganodictyum, 1851.... 249
455. Thompson, Percopsis, 1851 249
456. Wagner, Lithographische, 1851- 250
457. Bleeker, Makreelachtige, 1852.... 250
458. Bleeker, Plagiostomen, 1852 250
459. Bleeker, Sumatra, 1852 250
460. Bleeker, Celebes, III, 1852 250
461. Dumeril, Torpediens, 1852 250
462. Egerton, Elasmodus, 1852 250
463. Fischer, Russie, 1852 250
464. Gervais, Palceontologie, 1852 251
465. Lowe, Madeira, 1852 251
466. Quenstedt, Petrefakten, 1852 251
467. Roemer, Texas, 1852 251
468. Riippell, Skelette, 1852 251
469. Agassiz, Researches, 1853 251
470. Agassiz, California, 1853 252
471. Baird & Girard, Mexican Bound-
ary, 1853 252
472. Baird & Girard, Zuiii, 1853 252
473. Bleeker, Batavia, 1853 252
474. Bleeker, Ternate, II, 1853 252
475. Bleeker, Borneo, VII, 1853 252
Page
476. Bleeker, Murceno'iden, 1853 252
477. Bleeker, Japan, 1853 253
478. Bleeker, Bengalen, 1853 253
479. Costa, Italy, 1853 253
480. Gervais, Algerie, 1853 253
481. Kaup, Lophobranchier, 1853 253
482. Kolliker, Helmichthyiden, 1853.. 254
483. Owen, Fossil Fishes, 1853 254
484. Pomel, Loire, 1853 254
485. Romanovskii, Fisch-Zdhne, 1853. 254
486. Agassiz, Tennessee River, 1854.. 254
487. Agassiz, Holconoti, 1854 255
488. Ayres, California, 1854 255
489. Ayres, Four Fishes, 1854 255
490. Baird & Girard, Texas, 1854 255
491. Baird & Girard, Cochlognathus,
1854 255
492. Bleeker, Batavia, 1854 255
493. Bleeker, Flores, 1854 256
494. Bleeker, Amboina, 1854 256
494A. Bleeker, Celebes, 1854 256
495. Brandt, Belonopsis, 1854 256
496. Costa, Napoli, 1854 256
497. Egerton, Fossil Fishes, 1854 256
498. Egerton, Dipteronotus, 1854 256
499. Eichwald. Lethcea Rossica, 1854.. 256
500. Gibbons, San Francisco, 1854.... 256
501. Gxhhon?,, Viviparous Fishes, \%SA 257
502. Girard, Cottoids, 1854 257
502A. Girard, New Fishes, 1854 257
503. Girard, San Francisco, 1854. 257
504. Girard, Chili, 1854 258
505. Girard, Viviparous Fishes, 1854. 258
506. Gronow, Fishes, 1854 258
507. Heckel, Chiavon, 1854 259
508. Heckel, Fische Zigno, 1854 259
509. Hyrtl, Heterotis, 1854 259
510. Kner, Panserwelse, 1854 260
511. Kner, Hypostomiden, 1854 260
512. Marcusen, Mormyren, 1854 260
513. Owen, Fossil Remains, 1854 260
514. Poey, Epinnula, 1854 260
515. Poey, Guajacones, 1854 260
516. Rapp, Bodensee, 1854 261
517. Richardson, Herald, 1854 261
518. Thiolliere, Jura, 1854 261
519. Troschel, Siebengebirge, 1854.... 261
520. Agassiz, Pacific Slope, 1855 261
521. Ayres, California, 1855 262
Vlll
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Page
522. Basilewski, China Borealis, 1855.. 262
523. Bianconi, Mosambica, 1855 262
524. Bibron, Gymnodontes, 1855 262
525. Bleeker, Van Diemensland, 1855.. 263
526. Bleeker, Kokos, III, 1855 263
527. Bleeker, Batoe, 1855 263
528. Bleeker, Diiizend-eilanden, 1855.. 263
529. Bleeker, Amboina, VI, 1855 264
530. Bleeker, Sumatra, 1855 264
531. Bleeker, Geognostica, 1855 264
532. Castelnau, Amerique du Stid,
1855 264
533. Costa, Cceus, 1855 264
534. Egerton, Organic Remains, 1855.. 264
535. Filippi, Gadopsis, 1855 265
536. Holbrook, South Carolina, 1855.. 265
537. Kaup, Enchelynassa, 1855 265
538. Kaup, Sclerodermen, 1855 265
539. Kner, Beitrdge, 1855 265
540. M'Coy, PalcEOsoic Fossils, 1855.. 265
541. Meyer, Physichthys, 1855 266
542. Nilsson, Skandinavisk, 1855 266
543. Peters, Mossambique, 1855 266
544. Roemer, Palceoteuthis, 1856 266
545. Storer, Massachusetts, 1855 266
546. Valenciennes, Venus, 1855 266
547. Agassiz, Glanis, 1856 267
548. Asmuss, Hautskelet, 1856 267
549. Bleeker, Amboina, 1856 267
550. Bleeker, Menado, 1856 267
551. Bleeker, Boeroe, 1856 267
552. Bleeker, Nias, 1856 267
553. Bleeker, Bali, 1856 268
554. Costa, Fossile, 1856 268
555. Dumeril, Ichthyologie, 1856 268
556. 557. Girard, Western Coast, 1856.. 269
558. Girard, Cyprinoids, 1856 269
559. Holmes, Devilfish, 1856 270
560. Heckel, Oesterreich, 1856 270
561. Heckel, Pycnodonten, 1856 270
562. Kaup, Aale, 1856 270
563. Kaup, Apodal Fish, 1856. 271
564. Kaup, Ophidine, 1856 272
565. Kaup, Lophobranchiates, 1856.... 272
566. Leidy, Extinct Vertebrates, 1856.. 272
567. Leidy, Sioux Country, 1856 272
568. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 272
Page
569. Leidy, Ichthyodorulites, 1856 273
570. Leidy, Extinct Fishes, 1856 273
571. 'N^^htYvy, Fossils of Ohio, \2>S6.. 273
572. Pander, Silurian, 1856 273
573. Richardson, Ichthyology, 1856.... 274
574. Thompson, Ireland, 1856 274
575. Baird, Long Island, 1857 274
576. Bellotti, Lombardia, 1857 274
577. Bleeker, Amboina, 1857 274
578. Bleeker, Japan, 1857 274
579. Bleeker, Sangi, 1857 274
580. Costa, Libano, 1857 275
581. Egerton, Ludlow, 1857 275
581A. Emmons, Geology, 1857 275
582. Gervais, Labrodon, 1857 275
583. Girard, Western Coast, 1857 275
584. Hollard, Gymnodontes, 1857 275
585. Newberry, Devonian, 1857 275
586. Newberry, Eurylepis, 1857 276
587. Peters, Hemichromis, 1857 276
588. Philippi, Fische, 1857 276
589. Richardson, Siphonognathus,
1857 276
590. Riitimeyer, Encheisiphius, 1857.. 276
591. Troschel, Saarbriicke, 1857 276
592. Wagner, Solenhofen, 1857 276
593. Agassiz, Skate, 1858 277
594. Agassiz, Nicaragua, 1858 277
595. Ayres, California, 1858 277
596. Bleeker, Sumatra, VI, 1858 277
597. Bleeker, Japan, IV, 1858 277
598. Bleeker, Celebes, X, 1858 277
599. Bleeker, Coram, 1858 278
600. Bleeker, Bilitou, IV, 1858 278
601. Bleeker, Borneo, XII, 1858 278
602. Bleeker, Siluri, Prodromus, 1858.. 278
603. Bleeker, Cobitinen, 1858 279
604. Bleeker, Japara, 1858 279
605. Blyth, Amblyceps, 1858 279
606. Bronn, Raibl, 1858 279
607-612. Costa. Uralcptus, 1858 279
613. Dumeril, Afrique, 1858 280
614. Egerton, Chondrosteus, 1858.... 280
615. Egerton. Cosmolepis, 1858 280
616. Gill, Gobinarum, 1858 280
617. Gill, Gobioidarum, 1858 280
618. Gill, Tricenophorichthys, 1858.... 280
CONTENTS
IX
Page
619. Gill, Pimelodince, 1858 280
620. Gill. Trinidad, 1858 281
621. Heckel & Kner, Oesterreich, 1858 281
622. Kade, Devonische, 1858 181
623. Kaup, Gadid(r, 1858 281
624. Kaup, Nemophis, 1858 281
625. Kaup, Solcince, 1858 282
626. Kaup, Plagnsina, 1858 282
627. Kaup, Joue cuirassee, 1858 282
628. Kner, Beitriige, II, 1858 282
629. Leidy, Carboniferous, 1858 283
Page
630. Leidy, Hadrodus, 1858 283
631. Von der Marck, Fossils, 1858 283
632. Pander, Ctenodipterinen, 1858.... 283
633. Philippi, Chile, 1858 283
633A. Quenstedt, Jura, 1858 283
634. Reinhardt, Stegophilus, 1859 284
635. Rouault, Quest de France, 1858.. 284
636. Thiolliere, Bugey, 1858 284
637. Weinland, Flying-fish, 1858 284
Omissions 284
Abbreviations of author names, where used, following words in small capitals
are as follows :
Ag. Agassiz
B. & C. Bocage & Capello
Baird & Grd. Baird & Girard.
Barn. Barneville
Beyr. Beyrich
BI. & Schn. Bloch & Schneider.
Blainv. Blainville
Blkr. Bleeker
Bon. Bonaparte
Cuv. Cuvier
Guv. & Val. Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Dum. Dumeril
Egert. Egerton
Ehrenb. Ehrenberg
Eichw. Eichwald
G. & B. Goode & Bean.
Grd. Girard
Gthr. Giinther
Guich. Guichenot
Ham. Hamilton
j. & G. Jordan & Gilbert
J. & E. Jordan & Evermann
K. & S. Kner & Steindachner
Kolr. Kolreuter
L. Linnaeus
Lac. Lacepede
Lank. Lankester
M. & H. MiiUer & Henle
M. & T. Miiller & Troschel
McCl. M'Clelland
Q. &. G. Quoy & Gaimard
Raf. Rafinesque
Ranz. Ranzani
Reinh. Reinhardt
Rich. Richardson
Steind. Steindachner
Sw. Swainson
T. & S. Temminck & Schlegel
Val. Valenciennes
Woodw. Woodward
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
This present memoir is a continuation of a paper entitled, The
Genera of Fishes, from Linnceus to Cuvier, 1758-1833, seventy-five years,
with the accepted type of each, a contribution to the stability of scientific
nomenclature, published by the present writer in 1917.
It is likewise a contribution to the stability of scientific nomencla-
ture. It covers what may be termed the mediaeval period of systematic
ichthyology, the time in which nomenclature is fairly established, but in
which, for want of a general zoological record, many papers have been
overlooked or forgotten.
This period is especially marked by the studies of Professor Agassiz
on the fossil fishes, by the exhaustive record of the fishes of the East
Indies by Dr. Bleeker, and by the unification of ichthyological knowledge
by Valenciennes and by Dr. Gunther. Giinther's Catalogue of the Fishes
■ of the British Museum, 1859-1870, must always remain the solid founda-
tion on which systematic zoology is built. This period is also marked by
the studies in comparative zoology by Dr. Johannes Miiller and by the
opening to science of the rich fresh-water fauna of North and South
America. In this period wrote also the keenest of taxonomic critics, Dr.
Gill, whose conceptions of genera and of families are likely in a large
degree to constitute the last word in regard to the status of groups of
this grade. Other notable writers whose work has been of a high order
are Richardson, Schlegel, Lowe, Egerton, Reinhardt, Poey, Heckel,
Kner, Pictet, Holbrook, Baird, Troschel, Owen, McClelland, Riippell,
Henle, Storer, DeKay, Ayres, Cooper, Girard and Cope. Of the many
writers in the period preceding the year 1870, Steindachner only, one of
the most industrious and accurate, is still living. When the writer vis-
ited him in Vienna in 1913 he was still, at the age of 79, hard at work,
and one important paper of his bearing date of 1915 has found its way
through the vicissitudes of censorship to my library.
In accordance with the philosophy of evolution, the writers at the
end of this period have inverted the fish series, the simplest and most
ancient types being placed first in taxonomic records, rather than the
perch and its relatives, so long regarded as typifying the perfect or com-
pleted fish.
164 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Compilations of this sort constitute an exercise in modesty. They
can never be made absolutely complete nor free from errors. In the
present case, the author cannot be certain that the genotype he indi-
cates is actually the one chosen by the first reviser. The compilation
itself deals with the work of great minds, but also with a degree of igno-
rance, carelessness and perversity by which names were multiplied with
no corresponding increase of ideas. Synonymy in general is the index
of lack of actual knowledge, or else, of the failure to deal justly with
the work of others, "a burden and a disgrace to science". No system of
naming can be beyond the knowledge on which it rests. Ignorance of
fact produces confusion in nomenclature.
The science of ichthyology, to which the present series of papers
offers a kind of key, is the work of many scholars, each in his own field,
each contributing a series of facts, a series of tests of the work of others,
or else some improvement in the method of arrangement. As in other
branches of science, this work has been done by sincere, devoted men,
impelled by a love for this kind of labor, and having in view, as "the only
reward they asked, a grateful remembrance of their work". And as
future generations may be lenient towards our own shortcomings, we
should be generous towards those of our predecessors.
In so far as the present paper assumes to decide questions of nomen-
clature, it follows strictly the rules agreed on by the International Com-
mission. Of these, the one of most vital importance is concerned with
the rigid enforcement of the law of priority.
The writer expresses his special obligation to Mr. Barton A. Bean of
the United States National Museum, and to Henry Weed Fowler of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for services in examining
rare or forgotten books, and to Mr. Masamitsu Oshima, for valuable aid
in compilation. He is also under special obligations to Mr. R. A. Nelgner
of the Stanford University Press for his care in ensuring accuracy in
this difficult piece of work. In arranging the genera of fossil fishes,
he has depended almost entirely on the Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes
in the British Museum, by Arthur Smith Woodward. The cataloguing
of the scattered and multifarious genera of Dr. Bleeker has been made
possible by the Index of the Ichthyological Papers of P. Bleeker, by
Dr. Max Weber and Dr. L. F. de Beaufort. In matters of citation of titles
Dean's Bibliography of Fishes has been absolutely indispensable. The
writer hopes to complete this work by a final paper covering the period
from 1859 to 1920. The need of such compilation grows progressively
less, as the Zoological Record of London, beginning with 1864, contains
references to nearly all the generic names of subsequent date, although
having occasional surprising omissions.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE 165
The writer asks for additions and corrections, that the work may
be as helpful as possible to students of fishes.
It will be noted that the genera have been arranged as far as may
be in chronological order, publications of the same year being arranged in
alphabetical order in accord with the names of authors.
The term orthotype is applied to the type of a genus as indicated or
distinctly implied by the original author. A logotype is one selected by
the "first reviser". A haplotype is the sole species named under a genus,
therefore of necessity an orthotype as well. A tautotype is a name of a
genus identical with the specific name of one of its components.
Stanford University, California,
November 11, 1918: Issued July, 1919.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I.
1758
1. LINN^US (1758). Systema Natures. Ed. X, Vol. 1.
Carl LiNNE (Carolus Linn.eus). (1707-1778.)
Trigla Linnasus, 300; logotype T. gurnardus L., as restricted by Kaup, 1873, Ap-
parently this should replace the later restriction to T. lyra L. of Jordan &
Gilbert, 1883, this species being type of Lyrichthys Kaup.
Mormyrus Linnaeus, 327; logotype M. caschive Hasselquist, as restricted by Gill.
(Not M. CYPRINOIDES L., as stated in part 1, page 15; this species is the type
of AIarcusenius Gill. )
Tetraodon Linnaeus, 332; logotype T. lineatus L. I am compelled to revise my
judgment, as given in part I of the Genera of Fishes, page 15, in which I
present the reasons for regarding T. testudineus L. as the type of Tetraodon.
This judgment is based on Bleeker's restriction of the genus in 1865. I find
that an earlier restriction was made by Bonaparte in the Fauna Italica, about
1841, "Tetraodon lineatus Bloch" being taken as type following a suggestion
of Swainson. Bloch's account includes the synonymy and description of T.
lineatus L., although the figure he offers may have been based on an exam-
ple of T. stellatus.
In this view of the case, the type of Tetraodon should be T. lineatus,
a fresh-water species of the Nile, with which the numerous marine species
called Ovoides (Arothron) may not be congeneric. According to Dr. Gill,
the type of Tetraodon is distinguished from the Pacific species known as
Ovoides by the form of the frontal bones, a matter which needs further
elucidation.
In this view the name Spheroides should stand, as used by Jordan and
Evermann, for the allies of T. testudineus L.
1764
7. HOL^TTUYN (1764). A'aturlike historic volgens den Hcer Linnceus.
Martin Houttuyn.
Conger Houttyn, VII, 103, and Torpedo Houttuyn, VII, 453, as quoted in Genera
of Fishes, page 22, are not presented by Houttuyn as generic names, and the
reference to them should be canceled.
In a personal letter dated August 23, 1918, Mr. C. Davies Sherborn says:
"Torpedo is the trivial Linnaean name of the species Raja torpedo and Con-
ger is the trivial Linnaean part of the species name Mur^na conger. Neither
name is used scientifically nor is there any intention on Houttuyn's part
to do more than quote the Linnaean term for the fish he describes as 'Kramp-
fisch' and 'Conger'."
The record of this work of Houttuyn should therefore be erased as hav
ing no relation to scientific nomenclature.
1767
9. MtJLLER (1767). Dclincationes Natiirce. II, 141.
Philip Ludwig Statius Muller (1725-1776).
Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic names Acus, page 141, and
168 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Orbis, page 141 ; "are perfectly valid," that is, properly presented as generic
names. Acus is a synonym of Syngnathus L., Orbis of Diodon L.
10. GEOFFROY (1767). Descriptions de 719 plantes, etc.
fixiENNE Louis Geoffroy (1725-1810).
IchthyocoUa Geofifroy, 399 ; haplotype Acipenser huso L. This replaces Huso
Brandt, and Sterletus Raf. Mr. Sherborn informs me that the generic
names used by Geoffroy are "perfectly valid" for purposes of nomenclature.
These are :
IcHTHYOcoLLA, 399, (Huso Brandt).
Harengus, 405, (Clupea L.).
Lucius, 467, (Esox L.).
Trutta, 719, (Trutta L.).
1772
17A. GRONOW (1772). (Pteraclis.) Actae Helveticae. VIL
LoRENz Theodor Gronow (Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius). (1730-1777).
Pteraclis Gronow, 44; orthotype P. pinnata Gronow — Coryph^na velifera Pal-
las. As here used, unquestionably binomial.
17B. GtJLDENSTADT (1772). (Sterlcta.) Nov. Comm. Sci. Petropol, XVL
Anton Johann Guldenstadt.
Sterleta Giildenstadt, 533 ; tj'pe Acipenser ruthenus L. under polynomial desig-
nation. If eligible, will replace Sterletus Brandt and Sterledus Bon.
1775
20. KLEIN (1775). Neuer Schauplats, etc. /
Jakob Theodor Klein (1685-1759).
Prochilus Klein, I, 1043; Amphiprion ephippium Bloch, as restricted by Bleeker,
1877 (P. ovAT^ FiGVRM MACULA FUSCA MAGNA Klein). This name, if deemed
eligible from the date of the Schauplats would replace Amphiprion B1. & Schn.,
instead of Pholis Cuv. & Val. (Lipophrys Gill), as suggested in part I
of this work.
1779
31 A. KLEIN (1779). Neuer Schauplatz, etc.
Jacob Theodor Klein.
Platystacus Klein, VIII, 52, 1779; type (P. cotylephorus Bloch); a synonym of
AsPREDO (Gronow) Scopoli.
1788
31B. BRtJNNICH (1788). Om den islandskc iisk Vaagmaeren (Gytnnogaster
arcticus). Kong. Dansk. Selsk. Skr., Ill, 408-413.
Morten Thrane Brunnich (1737-1827)
Gymnogaster Briinnich, III, 408 ; orthotype G. arcticus Brunnich. A synonym of
Trachipterus Gouan. Not Trichiurus L.
1795
45. BLOCH (1795). Naturgeschichte dcr ausldndischen Fische. IX.
Mark Elieser Bloch (1729-1799).
Gymnothorax Bloch IX, 83, 1795; type as first restricted (Bleeker, 1864) G. reticu-
laris Bloch. Although originally virtually a substitute name for Mur^na
L., the first fixation of types separates the two. Gymnothorax thus replaces
Lycodontis McCl.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 169
1796
47. VOLTA (1796). Ichthyolithologia Veronese.
Giovanni Serafino Volta.
Monopteros Volta, CXCL; orthotype M. gigas Volta (fossil). Replaces Pla-
TiNX Ag. MoNOPTERUS Lac, 1798, is thus preoccupied and must give way
to Fluta BI. & Schn. (1801).
1801
55. BLOCK & SCHNEIDER (1801). Systema Ichthyologice.
Mark Elieser Block; Johann Gottlob Schneider (1750-1822).
Periophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, 6Z ; logotype, as first restricted (by Gill, 1863)
GoBius SCHLOSSERI Pallas. The name therefore replaces PERIOPHTHALMODO^
Blkr., while the common species known as Periophthalmus barbarus or
P. koelreuteri is the type of Euchoristopus Gill (1863).
Synanceja Bloch & Schneider. 194; logotype S. verrucosa B1. & Schn., as first
restricted by Miiller, 1843. This limitation to species without vomerine teeth
holds as against Bleeker's restriction to the first species named, S. horrida.
Synanceja thus replaces Spurco Commerson, Synanceichthys Blkr. and
Emmydrichthys Jordan & Rutter. S. horrida is type of Synancidium
Miiller. I am not convinced by Bleeker's statement that Synancidium is not
a valid genus.
Fluta Bloch & Schneider, 565; orthotype Monopterus javanensis Lac. Name a
substitute for Monopterus Lac. (1798). The latter is preoccupied by Mo-
nopteros Volta (1796). The type species should stand as Fluta alba
(Zuieuw).
1803
56. LACfiPfiDE (1803). Histoire naturelle des poissons. IV, V.
Bernard Germain Lacepede (1756-1825).
Enoplosus Lacecepede, IV, 540; orthotype Ch.^todon armatus Shaw. This genus
dates from 1803. The name Enoplosus was not used by White in 1790.
Stolephorus Lacepede, V, 381; logotype S. commersonianus Lac. In view of the
fact that the descriptions of Stolephorus of Lacepede, Bleeker and Jordan
were drawn from this species, the second-named by Lacepede, it may well be
regarded as the type of Stolephorus. S. japonicus, the first-named species
and the one first formally indicated as type, was very scantily described, and
was unknown to authors until very recently. In this view Stolephorus will
replace or include Anchoviella Fowler (1911). This reverses the decision
in part I, page 67.
1804
56A. LACfiPEDE (1804). Memoires stir plusieiirs animaux de la Nouvelle
Hollande, etc. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1804.
Bernard Germain Lacepede.
Prionurus Lacepede, IV, 211 ; orthotype P. microlepidotus Lac.
Platypodus Lacepede, IV, 211; orthotype P. furca Lac.
This genus, overlooked by subsequent writers, seems to belong to the
Osphronemid^, an ally of Macropodus. It is said to have large fan-like
ventrals of at least eight rays, the dorsal extending from the nape to the
base of the caudal, which is narrow, forked, its lobes half as long as rest
of body; pectorals small; anal very low. This may be, as suggested by
Dr. Gunther for Macropodus, a domesticated form of Polyacanthus. Both
names, if correctly written (Macropus; Platypus), are preoccupied.
170 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
56B. BORY DE SAINT VINCENT (1804). Voyage dans les quatre principales
I'iles des Mers d'Afriquc. 1801 et 1802.
Jean Baptiste Bory de St. Vincent (1780-1846).
Acinacea Bory de St. Vincent. I, 93; orthotype A. notha Bory ( "Tacinacee ■
batarde"). An ally of Thyrsites Cuv., overlooked by authors. It diflfers
from Thyrsites (atun), if correctly described and figured, in the presence
of twenty-nine spines in the dorsal fin, instead of twenty. The type specimen
was from the open sea, off Africa. If identical with Thyrsites, Acinacea
has priority. The Latin form as well as the French is given by the author.
1808
67. DUMfiRIL (1808). Dissertation sur Ics foissous Cyclostomcs.
Andre Marie Constant Dumeril (1774-1860).
Ammocoetus Dumeril ; orthotype Petromyzon branchialis L. (larval form of
Petrimyzon marinus or of Lamptera planeri, or both). Best treated as a
synonym of Petromyzon.
1810
72. RAFINESQUE (1810). Carattcri di alcuni nuovi generi c nuove specie di
animale e piantc dcUa Sicillia.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840).
Typhle Rafinesque, 18; orthotype Syngnathus typhle L. We are unable to find
any further notice of the blind genus of mammals "Typhle", as noted by
Lacepede. Typhle should therefore apparently stand, and not be replaced
by Typhlinus Raf. (1814).
1811
75A. PERRY (1811). Arcana or Museum of .Witural History.
George Perry.
Congiopus Perry; orthotype C. percatus Perry — Blennius torvus Walbaum.
Replaces Agriopus Cuv.. 1829.
75B. HUMBOLDT & VALENCIENNES (1811). Rccherchcs sur les poissons
fluviatilcs; Humboldt & Bonpland; vovagc atix regions cquinoxiales dh
nouz'cau continent. II (later edition; the original in 1806).
Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) ; Achille
Valenciennes (1794-1865).
Thrycomycterus Humboldt & Valenciennes ; orthotype T. nigricans Humboldt &
Val ; a synonym of Eremophilus Humboldt, according to Eigcnmann. Nam<r
spelled Trichomycterus by Valenciennes in 1846, and the genus made to
include Pygidium Meyer.
1815
85. RAFINESQUE (1815). Analyse de la nature, etc.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque.
Raphistoma Rafinesque, 89; no type named and no diagnosis, except an erroneous
reference to Lacepede. Intended to represent Esox belone L. Spelled
Ramphistoma by Swainson. who adopts the name. Is apparently not eligible
in place of Belone Cuv., 1817, though an argument might be made for its
acceptance, as we know the type intended and there are a few words of inac-
curate diagnosis.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 171
Eleuthurus Rafinesque ; no diagnosis and no type given. Omitted by inadventure
in Genera of Fishes, part I. According to Bleeker, Rafinesque's names
(undefined and without type), Dameus, Eleuthurus, Rincoxis and Zebri-
sciUM, were intended for eels). In the account of Rafinesque's Analyse,
given in Genera of Fishes, part I, arc a few misprints arising from misread-
ing a manuscript list. Read :
ICTIAS, p. 82.
Batrictius, 82. ,
Cephimnus, 85.
Edonius, 88.
Platistus, 89 (for Platystacus).
Raphistoma, 89. ^
Odamphus, 89.
gonodermus, 91.
DisPiNOTUs, 92.
1817
91. CUVIER (1817). Le Regne Animal, etc. Tome II.
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832).
Hydrocynus Cuvier, II, 167; logotype H. forskali Cuvier ; several species named,
the genus restricted by Cuvier {Mem. Mus., 1819) to H. forskali, and the
name spelled Hvdrocvon. Also in Cuv. & Vol., XXII, 509, 1849. The name was
afterwards restricted to H. lucius Cuv., a species of Xiphostoma, Ag., but
the first adjustment must stand. The name is Hydrocynus and the genus
contains no American species.
Bodianus Cuvier, Regne Animal, II, 276; logotype Bodianus guttatus Bloch ; (not
BoDiANUs of Bloch) which by tautonomy goes with Bodianus bodianus
Bloch, and replaces Harpe Lac. Gill restricts Bodianus (Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil., 1862, 237) to B. guttatus Bloch, a species of Cephalopholis B1. &
Schn. By the rule of tautonomy, under present rules BoDi.wus must stand
for Harpe rufa.
92. OKEN (1817). I sis.
Lorenz Oken (1777-1851).
In Isis, 1817, Oken furnishes Latin equivalents to the French generic
names used by Cuvier.
Lumpus Oken 1782, orthotype Cyclopterus lumpus L. = Lumpus anglorum of
authors. Equivalent for "les Lumps" of Cuvier, a synonym of Cyclopterus L.
Omitted by accident in part I.
1818
97. BLAINVILLE (1818). (Poissons fossilcs.) Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire
Naturelle.
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777-1850).
Anormurus Blainville, XXVII, 374; orthotype A. macrolepidotus Blainv. (fossil).
Perhaps the same as Notogoneus Cope, 1885.
1820
108. GOLDFUSS (1820). Handbuch der Zoologie. II.
George August Goldfuss (1782-1848).
Rhomboides Goldfuss ; orthotype Pleuronectes rhombus L. Substitute for
Rhombus Cuv.; a synonym of Bothus Raf.
172 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Batrachopus Goldfuss (not Batrachops). Orthotype Lophius commersonianus
Lac. A synonym of Antennarius.
1822
110. HAMILTON (1822). An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges
and Its Branches.
Francis Hamilton (formerly Buchanan) (1762-1829).
The reprint of Hamilton's Fishes of the Ganges has the pagination changed
from that given in the text of the Genera of Fishes, page 114. Thus, in the
reprint, Chanda appears on page 109, not 370.
Callichrous Hamilton, 149; logotype Silurus pabda Ham. (as restricted by Bleeker,
1862). A synonym of Ompok Lac.
Coius Hamilton, 369 (95) ; logotype Coius polota Ham., as restricted by Fowler.
1905. This designation of type prior to that of Jordan, 1917. Replaces
Datnioides Blkr., 1853.
Chanda Hamilton, 370; logotype Chanda nama Ham. (fig. Z7) (Hamiltonia
OVATA Sw.). The type of the substitute name Hamiltonia Sw. (1839) as
indicated by Swainson and by Swain (1882) carries the complex genus
Chanda with it. This antedates Fowler's choice (1902) of Chanda lala as
type. C. nama is type of Bogoda Blkr. Chanda should therefore replace
BOGODA.
Corica Hamilton, 253 or 383 ; orthotype Cyprinus soborna Ham. The name
SOEORNA (misspelled in the Genera of Fishes, page 115) is given as guborni
by Gray.
1823
112. VAN HASSELT ( 1823) . Poissons de Java. Allgemeine Konst en Letterbok, U.
Jan Ccenrad Van Hasselt {d. 1821).
Dermogenys Van Hasselt, 131 ; orthotype D. pusillus Van Hasselt (omitted in
part I). Spelled Dermatogenys by Peters.
Diplocheilus Van Hasselt, 329 ; orthotype D. erythopterus Van Hasselt.
Gonostoma Van Hasselt, 329; orthotype G. javanicum Van Hasselt. Name pre-
occupied; replaced by Anodontostoma Blkr.
1825
119. K5NIG (1825). Icones fossilium sectiles.
Clemens Konig.
Teratichthys Konig, 4; orthotype T. antiquitatis Konig (fossil). An unknown
ally of Caranx.
119A. LE SUEUR (1825). Description of a New Fish of the Genus Salmo
(S. microps). Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Charles Alexandre Le Sueur (1778-1846).
Harpodon Le Sueur, V, 50; orthotype Salmo microps Le Sueur = Osmerus
nehereus Ham.
119B. ADANSON (1825). Cours d'histoire naturelle.
Michael Adanson (1727-1806).
Trygon Adanson, H, 170; orthotype Raja pastinaca L. A synonym of Dasyatis
Raf. (According to Auguste Dumeril, Adanson's paper, written in 1772, was
printed by Payer in 1825).
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 173
1826
121. RISSO (1826). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de I'Europe
meridionale.
Antoine Risso (1770-1845).
Charax Risso, III, 353 ; orthotype C. acutirostris Risso = Sparus puntazzo L.
Preoccupied ; replaced by Puntazzo Blkr.
121 A. RILEY (1826). On a Fossil in the British Museum (Squaloraia dolichog-
nathos) and Discovered in the Lias at Lyme Regis. Proc. Geol. Soc. I (also
in Trans. Geol. Soc, 1833).
Henry Riley.
Squaloraia Riley, I, 484; orthotype S. dolichognathos Riley (fossil).
1828
128. RUPPELL (1828). Atlas zu der Raise im ndrdlichen Africa; Fische des
Rothen Meeres.
Eduard Ruppell (1794-1884).
Petroscirtes Ruppell, 110; orthotype P. mitratus Riippell. Omitted by accident
from part I ; sometimes spelled Petroskirtes.
128A. THIENEMANN (1828). Lehrbuch der Zoologie.
Friedrich August Thienemann (1793-1858).
Sphyrichthys Thienemann, III, 408; orthotype Squalus zYCiENA L. A needless
substitute for Sphyrna Raf.
132. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1828). Histoire naturelle des poissons. II.
Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes.
Pomatomus Cuvier & Valenciennes, II, 171 ; type P. telescopium Risso (Epigonus
macrophthalmus Raf.). Not Pomatomus of Lacepede ; a synonym of Epi-
gonus Raf., 1820, as is also Telescops Blkr.
1829
134. AGASSIZ (and SPIX) (1829). Selecta genera et species piscium quos in
itinere per Brasiliam (1817-1820) . . . collejit . . . Dr. J. B. de Spix. . . .
Louis Agassiz (1807-1873); Jean Baptiste de Spix (1807-1873).
Xiphorh3mchus Agassiz, 18; orthotype Salmo falcatus Bloch. Name preoccu
pied; replaced by Xiphorhamphus M. & T., 1845; also preoccupied, again
replaced by Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann, 1910.
Pirarara Spix, 23; orthotype Phractocephalus bicolor Ag. A synonym of
Phractocephalus Ag.
Erjrthrinus (Gronow) Agassiz, 41 ; haplotype E. salvus Ag., the only species
named, the genus credited to Gronow. Same as Erythrinus Gronow.
135. CUVIER (1829). Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation.
Edition, II, Vol. I.
Georges Cuvier,
Polyacanthus (Kuhl) Cuvier, 227; logotype Ch^todon chinensis Bloch, as
restricted by Cuv. & Val. (not Trichopodus colisa as stated in part I,
Genera of Fishes).
Rhinoptera (Kuhl) Cuvier, 401 ; orthotype Myliobatis marginatus GeoflFroy
St. Hilaire.
136. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1829). Histoire naturelle des poissons. III.
Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes.
174 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II
Ostichthys (Langsdorrf) Cuvier & Valenciennes, III, 160; orthotype IVhTiiPRiSTis
jAPONicus Cuv. & Val. No generic definition ; reestablished by Jordan and
Evermann, 1896.
Apistus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IV, 391 ; logotj^pe Apistus alatus Cuv. & Val.
called "Ics Apjstes" by Cuvier. Regarded as preoccupied by Apista Hiibner, a
genus of insects, and by Aspistes Meigen, a genus of flies. If rejected, it may
be replaced by Pterichthvs Sw., 1839, unless that is regarded as invalid,
from the non-binomial Pterichthus of Commerson (1803), which is
ExocCTiTUS. Hypodvtes Gistel (1848) is also a substritute name, but the indi-
cated type (longispinis) is a Paracentropogon of Bleeker, also not mentioned
by Cuvier. Prosopodasys Cantor, 1849, is also given as a substitute name for
Apistus and must retain the same type. If Apistus is preoccupied, I think
that Pterichthvs should replace it. . . . Apistes trachinoides Cuv. &
Val. used by Giinther as type of Prosopodasys is not eligible for that purpose,
the species not being one of those mentioned by Cuvier.
Spurco (Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes, IV, 448, 1829; (reference in passing)
haplotype Scorp.?!NA brachio Cuv. = Synanceja verrucosa B1. & Schn.,
same as Synanceichthys Blkr. ; a synonym of Synanceja as restricted by
Miiller.
136A. SMITH (1829). Contributions to the Natural History of South Africa.
Zoological Journal.
Andrew Smith (1797-1872).
Rhineodon Alexander Smith, IV, 443; orthotype R. typus Smith. (Rhincodon by
misprint.) Also spelled Rhinodon.
136B. BANCROFT (1829). On the Fish Knoivn in Jamaica as the Sea Devil
(Cephalopterus manta). Zool. Journal, IV.
E. N. Bancroft.
Manta Bancroft, IV, 444; orthotype Cephalopterus manTa Bancroft — Raia bib-
ostris Walbaum, 1792.
1830
142. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1830). Histoirc naturelle des poissons. V.
Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes.
Lycogenis (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, V, 346; orthotype Holo-
centrus ciliatus Lac. A section under Scolopsis Cuv.
Priopis (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valenciennes, VI, 503; haplotype Priopis
argyrozona Kuhl & Van Hasselt.
143. BENNETT (1830). Catalogue of the Fishes of Sumatra. Life and Public
Services of Sir Stamford Raffles.
Edward Turner Bennett (1797-1836).
Leiopsis Bennett, 688; orthotype Sparus aurolineatus Lac. A synonym of Pen-
TAPUS Cuv. & Val. (Omitted in part I.)
143A. BENNETT (1830). Obervations on a Collection of Fishes from the Mauri-
tius with Characters of New Genera and Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1831, part I.
Edward Turner Bennett.
Psettodes Bennett, I, 147 ; orthotype P. belcheri Bennett.
Agonostomus Bennett, I, 166; logotype A. telfari Bennett. Replaces Nestis Cuv.
& Val.
AnniTTONS AND CORRECTIONS TO PART I 175
Apolectus Bennett, I, 169; orthotype A. im munis Bennett. A synonym of Scomber-
OMORUs Lac.
1831
146A. CIA'IER & VALENCIENNES (1831). Histoire naturcUc dcs poissons.
VII (January. 1831), VIII. October. 1831.
Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes.
Drepane Cuvier & Valenciennes. VII, 129; orthotype Ch^todon punctatus L. ;
name preoccupied by Drepana or Drepane Schranck, Lepidoptera. 1802;
replaced by Enixe Gistel, 1848, and by Harpochirus Cantor, 1849.
Spinax (^Commerson) Cuvier & Valenciennes. VIII. 333; orthotype S. edax Com-
merson MS. = Ca-STERosteus canadus L., note in passing. Name pre-
occupied; a synonym of Rachycentron Kaup (Elacate Cuv.).
146B. BONAPARTE (1831). Saggio di una distribnzione mctodica dcgli animali
vertebrati. Prospetto del Systema d'lttiologia Generale ; also in Giornale
Arcadico, 167-190. 1832.
Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, Prince de Caning (1803-1857).
(Carlo Luciano Bonaparte).
Merou ("Cuvier") Bonaparte, 101; type presumably Serranus gigas; not defined.
Same as Epinephelus Bloch.
Dulichthys Bonaparte, 101 ; haplotype Dules auriga Cuv. Name a substitute for
Dules Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by DuLUS, a genus of birds. If needed,
Dulichthys replaces Eudulus Fowler.
Pogonathus (Lacepede) Bonaparte, 104. This name is revived as a substitute for
Pogonias Lac. 1803, "long since used in ornithology". But Pogonias Illiger
dates from 1811, while Pogonia and Pogonias, as a genus of birds, are still
later in date.
Micropogonias Bonaparte, 104; type Perca undulata L. Subtitute for MiCRO-
POGON, which is said to be, but apparently is not, preoccupied.
Sarpa Bonaparte 105 ; a bare word of reference. The intended type is obviously
Sparus salpa L. Sarpa may stand as a section under Boops, the body being
deeper and more compressed than in B. boops.
Palamita Bonaparte, 107; (type Scomber sarda Bloch). Name a substitute for
Pelamys Cuv. & Val., 1801, preoccupied in reptiles. But Sarda Cuv., 1829,
is older and stands unless the non-binomial Sarda Plumier, 1802 (= Ocyurus
Gill) is deemed eligible, in which case Palamita would hold.
Priodontichthys Bonaparte, 109; haplotype Priodon annularis Cuv. & Val., the
young of Naso annulatus Q. & G. Substitute for Priodon Cuv., preoccupied.
A synonym of Naso Lac.
Scopas Bonaparte, 109; type presumably Acanthurus scopas Cuv. & Val., being
placed next to Acanthurus, but neither diagnosis nor type is given. Pre-
sumably the same as Zebrasoma Sw., but not eligible.
Ctenodon Bonaparte, 109. No description nor type mentioned ; presumably in-
tended for Acanthurus ctenodon Cuv. & Val., preoccupied ; replaced by
Ctenoch/etus Gill, 1884.
Elops (Commerson) Bonaparte, 112; (type Gomphosus tricolor Lac). Suggested
as a substitute for Gomphosus Lac. (Not Elops L., 1758.)
Erythrichthys Bonaparte. 116; type (Salmo erythrinus B1. & Schn.). A needless
substitute for Erythrinus (Gronow) Scopoli. It renders Erythrichthys T.
& S. preoccupied, to be replaced by Erythrocles Jordan, 1919.
176 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
147A. EICHWALD (1831). Zoologia specialis potisinne R. Rossice et Polonies
Wilna, 1831.
Carl Eduard von Eichwald (1795-1876).
Nematosoma Eichwald, III, 60; orthotype N. ophidium Eichw. (not Syngnathus
OPHiDioN L.) = ScYPHius TERES Nordmann, 1840. Name regarded as pre-
occupied by Nemosoma, a genus of beetles. A synonnym of Nerophis Raf.
1810.
Benthophilus Eichwald, III, 77; orthotype Gobius macrocephalus Pallas.
150A. GRAY (1831). The Zoological Miscellany. I.
John Edward Gray (1800-1873).
Centracion Gray, I, 5 ; orthotype C. zebra Gray, Same as Cestracion Guv., 1817,
not of Klein. Replaces Heterodontus, if that name is regarded as preoccupied
by the genus of snakes, Heterodon, 1802.
1832
151B. MUNSTER (1832). Beitrdge zur Kimde der Petrefakten. I.
Georg (Graf zu) Munster (1776-1844).
Janassa Munster, I, 67; logotype J. angulata Munster (fossil) = Trilobites
bituminosus Schlotheim.
151C. COUCH (1832). Fishes New to the British Fauna. Mag. Nat. Hist., V.
Jonathan Couch (1788-1870).
Ciliata Couch, V, 15; orthotype C. glauca Couch, a larva of Gadus mustela (L.).
Name may be retained for the five-bearded Rocklings.
151D. NARDO (1832). Annotacioni di quattro pcsci nuovi, etc.
Giovanni Domenico Nardo (1802-1877).
(Not seen by us; the title uncertain. The genus Gouania is quoted from
Canestrini.)
Gouania Nardo ; orthotype G. prototypus Nardo = Lepadogaster willdenowi
(Risso). Antedates Rupisuga Sw.
151E. KRYNICKI (1832). Schilus pallasii dcscriptus et icone illustratus. Nouv.
Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou, II.
J. Krynicki.
Schilus Krynicki, II, 441 ; orthotype S. pallasi Krynicki = Perca volgensis Pallas.
Replaces Mimoperca Gill & Jordan, 1877.
152. MINDING (1832). Lehrbuch: Naturgeschichte der Fische.
Julius Minding.
Hydronus Minding, 83 ; orthotype Gadus merlucius L. A synonym of Merluc-
cius Raf.
153. NILSSON (1832). Prodromus ichthyologies ScandinavicB.
SvEN Nilsson (1787-1883).
Salvelini Nilsson, 7 ; orthotype Salmo salvelinus L. — S. alpinus L. Group
name, in the plural only; written as Salvelinus by Richardson (1836).
Carassius Nilsson, IV, 290; orthotype Cyprinus carassius L.
153A. REINHARDT (1832). Bidrag til vor kundskah om Gronlands fiske.
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afh. Kjobenhavn, V.
Johannes Reinhardt (1776-1845).
Triglops Reinhardt, V, 52; orthotype T. pingeli Reinhardt.
THE GENERA OF FISHES
PART II
1833
164. AGASSIZ (1833). Recherchcs sur les poissons fossiles. II; IV (first part;
second part of Vol. II issued in 1844; part of Vol IV in 1833).
Louis Agassiz.
Catopterus Agassiz, II, 3; orthotype C. ovalis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of DiP-
TERUS.
Amblypterus Agassiz, II, 3, 28; orthotype A. latus Ag. (fossil).
Gyrolepis Agassiz, II, 6, 172; logotype G. alberti Ag. (fossil).
Tetragonolepis Agassiz, II, 6, 181; logotype T. confluens Ag. (fossil). Name
preoccupied ; a synonym of Dapedium Leach.
Microps Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype M. furcatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied;
replaced by Periurgus Gistel, 1848.
Pygopterus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype P. humboldti Ag. (fossil).
Notagogus Agassiz, II, 10; orthotype N. pentlandi Ag. (fossil).
Acrolepis Agassiz, II, 11; orthotype A. sedgwicki Ag. (fossil).
Pachycormus Agassiz, II, 11; orthotype Elops macropterus Blamv. (fossil).
Thrissops Agassiz, II, 12; orthotype T. formosus Ag. (fossil).
Megalurus Agassiz, II, 13; orthotype M. lepidotus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu-
pied in birds (Horsfield, 1821), replaced by Synergus Gistel (1848), also pre-
occupied ; suggested as substitute for both Urocles Jordan, 1919.
Aspidorhynchus Agassiz, II, 14; orthotype Esox acutirostris Blainv. (fossil).
Saurostomus Agassiz, II, 14; orthotype S. esocinus Ag. (fossil).
Sphoerodus Agassiz, II, 15; logotype S. gigas Ag. (fossil). A synonym of Lepi-
DOTES Ag. ; not Sph^erodon Riippell.
Pycnodus Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype Zeus platessus Blainv. (fossil).
Gyrodus Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype G. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil).
Microdon Agassiz, II, 16; orthotype M. elegans Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied in
flies (Meigen, 1803), replaced by Proscinetes Gistel, 1848, and. later, by
Polypsephis Hay (1899).
Calamostoma Agassiz, II, 18; orthotype Syngnathus breviculus Blainv. (fossil).
Acanthodes Agassiz, II, 19; orthotype Acanthoessus bronni Ag. (fossil). A sub-
stitute, apparently unnecessary, for Acanthoessus Ag. (1832).
Cyclopoma Agassiz, IV, 17; orthotype C. gigas Ag. (fossil).
Smerdis Agassiz, IV, 32; logotype Perca minuta Blainv. (fossil). Name preoccu-
pied in insects; replaced by Dapalis Gistel (1848).
Gasteronemus Agassiz, V, 17; logotype G. rhombeus Ag. (fossil). An extinct
homologue of Mene.
165. BRANDT &RATZEBURG (1833). Medisinische Zoologie. II.
JOHANN Friedrich Brandt (1802-1879) ; J. T. C. Ratzeburg (1801-1871).
Huso Brandt & Ratzeburg, II, 3; orthotype Acipenser huso L. A synonym of
Ichthyocolla Geoffrey, 1767, and of Sterletus Raf., 1820.
178 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Helops Brandt & Ratzeburg II. 3 ; orthotype Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1768, =
A. HELOPS Pallas, 1811.
Sterletus Brandt & Ratzeburg, II, 3, 349; orthotype Acipenser ruthenus L. Name
spelled also Sterleta Aliiller) and Sterledus (Bon.). Name preoccupied;
replaced by Sterleta Giildenstadt, if binomial. Sterletus Raf. (1820)
is based on an American species, Acipenser serotinus Raf., which is
the same as Acipenser rubicundus Le Sueur, still earlier called Acipenser
fulvescens by Rafinesque. This species belongs to the group or genus called
IcHTHYOCOLLA by Geoffroy in 1767, and Huso by Brandt & Ratzeburg in 1833.
166. COCCO (1833). Osscrz'ationes Pelontani.
Anastasio Cocco (1799-1854).
Ruvettus Cocco, XIII, 18 (April, 1833) ; orthotype R. pretiosus Cocco.
167. COCCO (1833). Lcttcre aJ Signor Risso su alcnni pcsci vovelli. Giorn. Sci.
Lett. Sicilia, XLII.
Anastasio Cocco.
Tylosurus Cocco, XLII, No. 124; orthotype T. cantraini Cocco = Esox impe-
rialis Raf. = Sphyr^na acus Lac.
168. COCCO (1833). Su alcitni pcsci de Marc di Mcssijia. Giorn. Sci. Lett.
Sicilia, XLII.
Anastasio Cocco.
Mupus Cocco, 20; orthotype M. imperialis Cocco. The name Leirus Lowe, also
of 1833, is preoccupied in beetles (1823) and must give place to Mupus.
169. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1833). Histoirc naturcUc des poissons. IX.
Georges Cuvier; Achille Valenciennes.
Trachurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 6; haplotype Scomber trachurus L. Same
as Trachurus Raf., 1810.
Hynnis Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 95; orthotype H. goreensis Cuv. & Val.
Lactarius Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 237; haplotype Scomber lactarius Bloch =
Lact.\rius delicatulus Cuv. & Val.
Nauclerus Cuvier & Valenciennes. IX, 247; orthotype N. compressus Cuv. & Val.
Young of Naucrates Raf.
Porthmeus Cuvier & Valenciennes. IX, 255; orthotype P. argenteus Cuv. & Val.
Psenes Cuvier & Valenciennes IX, 259 ; orthotype P. cyanophrys Cuv. & Val.
Gallichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 264; orthotype Gallichthys major Cuv. &
Val. Substitute for Gallus, preoccupied in birds ; a synonym of Alectis Raf.
Lampugus Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 317; orthotype Scomber pelagicus L. A
synonym of Coryph^na L.
Aphredoderus (Le Sueur) Cuvier & Valenciennes, IX, 445; orthotj'pe A. gibbosus
Le Sueur = Scolopsis sayanus Gilliams. Also spelled Aphrodedirus and
Aphododerus by authors.
170. GRAY (1833). The Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Chiefly Selected from the
Collection of General Hardwicke.
John Edward Gray.
This paper contains plates only, no diagnosis of the new genera being
given.
Balitora Graj', II, pi. 5; haplotype B. brucei Gray. A synonym of Homaloptera
Van Hasselt.
LOWE, 1833 179
Bedula Gray, II, 88; logotype B. nebulosa Gray. A synonym of Nandus Cuv. &
Val, 1831.
Pterapon Gray, II, 88; haplotype P. trivittatus Gray — Sci^na jarbua Forskal.
A synonym of Therapon Cuv.
Anaora Gray, II, 90; haplotype A. tentaculata Gray. (Name misprinted Amor.\,
but corrected in manuscript on the plate.) Species not identified; resem-
bles Thysanophrys Ogilby.
Apterygia Gray, II, 92; haplotype A. ramcarate Gray. A synonym of Raconda
Gray.
Tor Gray, II, 96; haplotype Cyprinus tor Ham. = Tor hamiltoni Gray. Replaces
Labeobarbus Riippell.
Bengala Gray, II 96; haplotype Cyprinus elanga Ham. Replaces Megarasbora Gthr.
Amanses Gray, II, 98 ; haplotype A. hystrix Gray = Monacanthus scopas Cuv.
Acarana Gray, II, 98; haplotype Ostracion auritus Shaw. Also in Ann Nat.
Hist., I, 110, 1838.
Girella Gray, II, 98; haplotype G. pi;nctata Gray.
171, 172. LOWE (1833). Character of a Xczv Genus and of Several Xeiv Species of
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I.
Richard Thomas Lowe (1802-1874).
Alepisaurus Lowe, 104 ; orthotype A. ferox Lowe. A synonym of Plagyodus Stel-
ler, 1811, if the latter be deemed tenable, being given in the dative case only
( "Plygyodontem") Often written Alepidosaukus by authors.
173. LOWE (1833). Character of a Nezv Genus and of Several Nezv Species of
Fishes from Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I.
Richard Thomas Lowe
Leirus Lowe, 142; orthotype L. bennetti Lowe = Centrolophus ovalis Cuv. &
Val. = Mupus imperialis Cocco, the three names of the same date. Leirus
is preoccupied in beetles (Meigen. 1823) and gives place to Mupus Cocco.
174. NARDO (1833). De Skeponopodo novo pisciuni genere et de Guebucu Mar-
gravii: species illi cogniti: Isis. Mem. Assemb. Nat. Vienna.
GiAN Domenico Nardo.
Skeponopodus Nardo, fasc. 416; orthotype S. typus Nardo = Xiphias imperator
Bl. & Schn. A synonym of Tetrapturus Raf.
175. REINHARDT (1833). Bemdrkningen til den Skandinaviskc ichthyologie.
Johannes Reinhardt.
Silus Reinhardt, 11; orthotype Salmo silus Ascanius. Apparently a synonym of
Argentina L.
1834
176. AGASSIZ (1834). Abgerissene Bemcrkungen iiber fossile Fische. Neues
Jahrb. Mineralogie.
Louis Agassiz.
Ophiopsis Agassiz, 385; orthotype O. procerus Ag. (fossil).
Saurichthys Agassiz, 386; orthotype S. apicalts Ag. (fossil).
Propterus Agassiz, 386; orthotype P. microstomus Ag. (fossil).
Caturus Agassiz, 387; orthotype Ur.eus nuchali.s Ag. (fossil). Substitute for
Ur^us Ag., preoccupied.
Macrosemius Agassiz, 387; orthotype M. rostratus Ag. (fossil).
180 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Belonostomus Agassiz, 388; orthotype B. tenuirostris Ag. (fossil).
Dercetis Agassiz, 389; orthotype D. scutatus Ag. (fossil).
177. AGASSIZ (1834). V erhandlungen der Gesellschaft des vaterldndischen
Museums. Bohmen.
Louis Agassiz.
Halec Agassiz, 67; orthotype H. sternbergi Ag. (fossil).
178. AGASSIZ (1834). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. V (part), 1834.
Louis Agassiz.
Acanthonemus Agassiz, V, 27; orthotype A. filamentosus Ag. (fossil).
179. COSTA (1834). Cenni soologici, ossia descrifsione sommaria delle specie
mwvi di animali disco perti in diverse contrade del regno, neW anno 1834.
(Naples.)
Oronzio Gabriele Costa (1787-1867).
Branchiostoma Costa, 49; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas; replaces Am-
PHioxus (Gray) Yarrell.
Nemotherus (Risso) Costa, fig. 9; orthotype N. erythropterus Risso. A synonym
of Trachypterus (not verified).
180. GRIFFITH (1834). The Class Pisces, Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with
Supplementary Additions by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith.
Carangus Griffith, 335 ; taiitotype Scomber carangus Bloch = Scomber hippos L.
A synonym of C.^ranx Lac. as restricted ; same as Carangus Grd.
181. HENLE (1834). Sur Ic Narcine, nouveau genre de rales electriques, etc. Ann.
Sci. Nat., II. (Also in German as Ueber Narcine.)
Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (1807-1855).
Narcine Henle, 31 ; orthotype Torpedo brasiliensis Olfers.
182. MUNSTER (1834). Knochenhohle bet Rabenstein, etc. Neues Jahrb. Miner.
Georg Munster.
Undina Miinster, 539; orthotype U. penicillata Munster (fossil).
183. QUOY & GAIMARD (1834). Voyage de decouvertes de "I' Astrolabe," etc.
(1826-29), sons le commandcment de M. J. Dnmont d'Urville.
Jean Rene Constantin Quoy (1707-1778) ; Paul Gaimard (1790-1858).
Aspidontus (Cuvier) Quoy & Gaimard, 719; orthotype A. t^eniatus Cuv. & Val.
An ally of Petroscirtes Riippell, distingui.shed by the lack of elevation of the
anterior dorsal spines.
1835
184. AGASSIZ (1835). Ueber die Familic der Karpfen. Mem. Soc. Nat.
Neufchatel, I.
Louis Agassiz.
Acanthopsis Agassiz, I, 36; orthotype Cobitis T^nia L. Name preoccupied. A syn-
onym of Cobitis L.
Phoxinus Agassiz, Zl ; orthotype Leuciscus phoxinus L. Same as Phoxinus Raf.
1820.
Rhodeus Agassiz, I, 2i7 ; orthotype Cyprinus amarus Bloch.
Chondrostoma Agassiz, I, 38; orthotype Cyprinus nasus L.
Aspius Agassiz, I, 38; tautotype Cyprinus aspius L.
Pelecus Agassiz, I, 39; orthotype Cyprinus cultratus L.
AGASSiz. 1835 181
185. AGASSIZ (1835). Recherches sur Ics puissons fossiles. II.
Louis Agassiz.
Plectrolepis (Agassiz) II, 44; orthotype P. rugosus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
validated by Egerton, 1850. A synonym of Eurynotus Ag. = Notacmon
Gistel, 1848.
Megalodon Agassiz, II, 55; logotype M. lewesiensis Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu-
pied; a synonym of Pachyrhizodus.
Enchodus Agassiz, II, 55 (feuilleton) ; orthotype Esox lewesiensis Mantell (fossil).
Macropoma Agassiz, II, 55 (euilleton) ; orthotype M. ma^telli Ag. (fossil).
Diplopterus Agassiz, II, 113; orthotype D. macrocephalus Ag. (fossil). Name
preoccupied; replaced by Diplopterax McCoy (1885).
Pleiopterus Agassiz, II, 113; orthotype Osteolepis macrolepidotus Val. (fossil).
A synonym of Astrolepis.
Cheiracanthus Agassiz, II, 125; orthotype C. murchisoni Ag. (fossil).
Cheirolepis Agassiz, II, 128; orthotype C. trailli Ag. (fossil).
Cephalaspis Agassiz, II, 135; orthotype C. lyelli Ag. (fossil).
Eurynotus Agassiz, II, 153; logotype E. crenatus Ag. (fossil). Name preoccupied;
replaced by Notacmon Gistel (1848).
Platysomus Agassiz, II, 6, 161; logotype Stromateus gibbosus Blainv. (fossil).
Name held to be preoccuped by Platysoma Leach, 1817; replaced by Scrotes
Gistel (1848) ; Uropteryx (Ag.) Woodw. (1907) may be also regarded as
a substitute.
186. AGASSIZ (1835). Ueber das der Glarner-S chief er-Formation nach ihren
Fischresten. Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
Louis Agassiz.
Carangopsis Agassiz, 293; orthotype C. latior Ag. (fossil). Names only; validated
in 1844.
Urosphen Agassiz, 293; orthotype U. fistularis Ag. (fossil). Names only; vali-
dated in 1844.
Araphistium Agassiz, 294; orthotype A. paradoxum Ag. (fossil). Names only;
validated in 1844.
Xiphopterus Agassiz, 295; orthotype Esox falcatus Volta (fossil).
Pristigenys Agassiz, 299; orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
described in 1839 (Poiss. fossiles, IV, 139).
Coelogaster Agassiz, 304; orthotype C. analis Ag. (fossil) (name only), and hence
dating only from later usage.
Platinx Agassiz, 304; orthotype P. elongatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym of MoNor-
teros Volta (1794).
Enchelyopus Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. tigrinus Ag. (fossil); name only; vali-
dated by Agassiz in 1844. Preoccupied; replaced by Paranguilla Blkr.
(1864).
187. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1835). Histoire naturelle des poissons. X.
(The series continued after the death of Cuvier, in 1832, until 1848, by
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.)
Keris Cuvier & Valenciennes, 304, 1835; orthotype Keris anguinosus Cuv. & Val.
Often written Ceris : the young of Naso Lac.
188. GOTTSCHE (1835). Die seeldndischen Plcuronectes-Arten. Wiegmann's
Archiv. der Naturgeschichte, II.
C.\RL MOKITZ GOTTSCHE (1808-1892).
182 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART IT
Limanda Gottsche, 100; orthotype Pleuronectes limanda L.
Microstomus Gottsche, 150; orthotype M. latidens GottsChe. Regarded as pre-
occupied by Microstoma Risso, 1826 ; replaced by Cynicoglossus Bon.
Glyptocephalus Gottsche, 156; orthotype Pleuronectes saxicola Faber = P. cyno-
GLOSSUS L.
Hippoglossoides Gottsche, 168; orthotype H. limanda Gottsche = Pleuronectes
limandoides Bloch.
Zeugopterus Gottsche, 178; orthotype Pleuronectes hirtus Abildgard.
189. JOANNIS (1835)'. Observations sur les poissons du Nil et descriptions de
plusicurs especes nouvelles, etc. Mag. Zool., 1835.
L. de Joannis.
Mochokus Joannis, pi. 8; orthotype M. niloticus Joannis.
190. MEYEN (1835). Rcisc in Peru. I.
J. Meyen.
Pygidium Meyen, I, 475; orthotype P. fuscum Meyen.
191. MtJLLER (1835). Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden, dcr Cyclostomen
mit durchhohrtcn Gaumen. (Reprinted in Arch. Natnrg., Berlin, for 1846, 247.)
Johannes Muller (1801-1858).
Sturio Muller, 77. (Sturgeons without opercle.) Type presumably Acipenser
sturio L. a synonym of Acipenser Ag.
Scaphirhynchus (Heckel) Muller, 77; footnote only; defined as lacking the quad-
rate bone ; logotype Acipenser platorhynchus Raf.
Bdellostoma Muller, 79 (248, reprint); orthotype B. hexatrema Muller; a sub-
stitute for Heptatrema Dum. as not correct in fact. Both are synonyms of
Eptatretus Cloquet, 1818.
192. DE LA PYLAIE (1835). Rccherches en France, sur les poissons de I' ocean,
pendant les annees 1832 et 1833. Congres Scientifique de France tenue a
Poitiers, 1834.
M. DE LA PyLAIE (de FoUGERES).
This singularly useless paper has been totally overlooked by all natural
ists except Dr. Gill, who has noted Pylaie's use of the name Argyrosomus
(1835), at a date prior to that of Agassiz (1850). Besides the "new genera"
enumerated below, the following new species are indicated by De la Pylaie :
Spinax vitulinus p. 527 ("tete qui rappelle un muffle de veau").
ScYLLiUM atlanticum (527) ("trop dififerente," etc.).
Scymnus aquitanensis (527) (la Senille ou Chenille de I'lle Dieu).
Squalraja cervicata (527) ("pour le distinguer de I'ordinaire, que est acephale").
Squalraia acephala (527) ( = Squatina squatina).
Torpedo elliptica (527) ("d'apres la structure de ses deux pectorales").
Rajabatis macrophalla (528) (Differing in length of clasper).
Raj ABATIS MicROPHALLA (528). "Neuf autres especes completent ce genre; ce sont
les R. triptera, polyacantha, variegata, tigrina, monolifera, florigera,
melumpseca, mosaica, undulata.
Hippocampus atrichus (529) ("espece de I'Ocean").
Hippocampus jubatus (529) ("des filamens qui composent, le long de son cou, une
espece de criniere peu fournie") .
Aptocyclus ostraciodes (529). "Coffret." "Nouvelle espece encore tres bien carac-
terisee."
pvLAiE, 1835 183
Anguilla vulgaris, "mes varietes macrocephala, ornithorhincha, platyura,
egalement nouvelles pour la science" (529).
MuR^NA hippocrepis (529) "commune dans certain reservoirs des Salines, a I'lle de
Noirmontier".
Ammodytes pictavus (S29a) "qui s'en distingue par I'absence de dents, par le
nombre des rayons et par la couleur de quelques parties de son corps".
MoRRHUA VULGARIS CALLARiNA (530), a variety "rare a ile Dieu," etc.
Gadus zonatus (530), a "variety" of "Gadus barbatus".
MusTELA RUBENS (530), "La Coche Rouge".
MuSTELA quinquecirrha (530), "a cinq barbillons".
Blennius g.^ttorugine bitentacul.\rts (530).
Blennius pictavus (530), "nouvelles especes".
Blennius pieti (530).
Pterozygus bievrii (530).
GoBius nigricanas (531), "habite les roches de la cote".
Thynnus atlanticus (531a), the albacore.
Thynnus oceanicus (531a), the tunny.
Trigla megalophthalma (531a), "d'apres la grosseur remarkable des yeux".
Crenilabrus phenodontus (532), "a grand dent".
Crenilabrus marmoratus (532).
Crenilabrus oxycephalus (532), "n'a pas de tache noir sur la queue; son museau
est plus pointee".
S.\rgus pulchellus (532), "Ruscain, d'apres sa chair rouge".
ExocALLUS insignis (532a), nevi^ name for Boops Boops (L).
Perca OLONNENsis (532a) ("nouvelle espece").
Perca inermis (532a). Name only.
Argyrosomus procerus (532a), "Baie de Bourgneuf".
Clupea elongata (532a) "une variete N. du Clupea alosa, le corps beaucoup plus
allonge que dans I'alose ordinaire".
Apterogasterus rostellatus (532a), "Jacquine" "D'apres la forme de son museau".
Leucisus pictava (533). "Chevenau" "le corps est moins large" (que dans le
Leuciscus chub de Pennant).
Leuciscus obtusus (533) "able ou petit verdon sans taches".
GoBio phoxinoides (533), "Goujon veronette".
CoBiTis parisiensis (534), "Loche Franche".
CoBiTis pictava (534), "repandu dans nos rivieres".
Solea cuneata (534), "Sole setan" : "espece mediocre, mais parfaitement carac-
terisee".
Rhombus gallinula (534) ,"poulette de mer".
Squalraia De la Pylaie, 526; orthotype Squalraia acephala Pylaie = Raja squa-
TiNA L. A synonym of Squatina; not Squaloraiaia Riley (1826).
Rajabatis De la Pylaie, 528; logotype Raja mosaica Lac. (most of the other
species named being left undescribed). A synonym of Raja, possibly not
intended as a generic name.
Aptocylus De la Pylaie, 529; orthotype "Cyclogasterus ventricosus" Pallas (error
for "Cyclopterus"). Replaces Cyclopterichthys Steind. (1861).
Pterozygus De la Pylaie, 530; orthotype P. bievrii De la Pylaie. "Une loche qui
presente le singulier caractere d'avoir ses nageoires pectorales et thoracins
reunies par paires." Probably a monstrous form of Cobitis L.
Exocallus De la Pylaie, 532 (a) ; orthotype E. insignis Pylaie (Sparus boops L.).
Name a substitute for Boops, of which it is a needless synonym.
184 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Apterogasterus De la Pylaie, 532a ; orthotype A. rostellatus Pylaie, "la Jac-
quine". (Not identified.)
Argfyrosomus De la Pylaie, 534; orthotype A. procerus De la Pylaie. A synonym
of ScLiENA L. as restricted by Cuvier ; same as Pseudosci^na Blkr.
193. RUPPELL (1835). Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig.
2 vols.
Eduard Ruppell.
Enneapterygius Ruppell, 2; orthotype E. pusillus Ruppell.
Gazza Riippell, 4; orthotype G. equul^formis Riippell.
Pseudochromis Ruppell, 8; logotype P. olivaceus Ruppell.
Halichceres Riippell, 14; logotype H. bimaculatus Riippell (as restricted by Jor-
dan & Snyder). Regarded as preoccupied by Halichoerus, a genus of
seals; replaced by Hemiulis Sw. (1839) and by Chcerojulis Gill (1864).
Lutodeira (Kuhl) Riippell, 18; orthotype Mugil chanos Forskal. A synonym of
Chanos Lac.
Xenodon Riippell, 53 ; orthotype Balistes nicer Lac. Preoccupied in reptiles ;
replaced by Zenodon Sw. (1839), by Odonus Gistel (1848), by Erythrodon
Riippell (1852) and by Pyrodon Kaup (1853). The validity of the oldest of
these substitute names, Zenodon, may be questioned. See record of Swainson
(1839).
Nebrius Riippell, 62 ; orthotype Nebrius concolor Riippell. Name regarded as pre-
occupied by Nebria Latreille and Nebris Guv. ; replaced by Nebrodes Gar-
man. But the root is different : vePqioi of Aristotle, referring to some shark.
Urbpterygius Riippell, 83 ; orthotype N. concolor Riippell. This would be a synonym
of Gymnomur^na Lac, as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, but not as limited
by Kaup, 1856.
Sphaerodon Ruppell, 113; orthotype Sci^na grandoculis Forskal. A synonym of
MoNOTAxis Bennett.
Pristotis Riippell, 128; orthotj'pe P. cyanostigma Riippell. A synonym of Poma-
centrus Lac.
194. SCHULTZE (1835). Versaminlung von Naturforschers in Bonn.
Carl August Sigmund Schultze (1795-1877).
Hexabranchus Schultze ; orthotype presumably Bdellostoma hexatrema Miiller.
If so, a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet. According to Agassiz, a genus
of lampreys, presumably one with six gills ; no further details available.
1836
195. AGASSIZ (1836). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. III.
Louis Agassiz.
Zygobatis Agassiz, III, 79; orthotype Z. jussieui Ag. A synonym of Rhinoptera
Kuhl.
Odontaspis Agassiz, III, 87; orthotype O. ferox Ag. A synonym of Carcharias
Raf. as now limited.
Spinacorhinus Agassiz, III, 94; orthotype S. polyspondylus Ag. (fossil). A syn-
onym of Squaloraia Riley.
Goniodus Agassiz, III, 183; orthotype Squalus spinosus Gmelin — Squalus bru
cus Bonnaterre. A synonym of Echinorhinus Blainv.
AmblyTirus Agassiz, III, 220; orthotype A. macrostomus Ag. (fossil). A syno-
nym of Dapedium Leach.
AGASSIZ .V HIBliEKT. 1836 185
196. AGASSIZ & HIBBERT (1836). On the Fresh-water Limestones of Btirdie-
house, etc. Trans. Roj'. Soc. Edinburg.
Louis Agassiz; Samuel Hibbert (1782-1848).
Megalichthys Agassiz, VIII, 202; orthotype M. hibberti Ag. (fossil).
197. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1836). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XI.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Omobranchus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 87; orthotype Blenne-
CHis FASciOLATUs Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Aspidontus Cuv.
Cestraeus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI 157; type Cestr^us plicatilis Cuv. & Val.
Near Agonostomus Bennett, 1830. Not Cestreus Klein, nor of McClelland,
nor Gronow.
Dajaus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 164; haplotype Mugil monticola Bancroft;
near Agonostomus Bennett, 1800.
Nestis Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 167 ; logotype Nestis cyprinoides Cuv. & Val. =
Agnostomus telfairi Bennett, 1830. A synonym of Agonostomus Bennett.
Blennechis Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 279; logotype B. filamentosus Cuv. & Val.
A synonym of Petroscirtes Ruppell.
Chasmodes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 295 ; logotype Blennius bosquianus Lac.
Cristiceps Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 402 ; haplotj-pe C. australis Cuv. & Val.
Gunnellus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XI, 419 ; tautotype Blennius gunnellus L. .A
synonym of Pholis (Gronow) Scopoli (1777), and of Mur^noides Lac.
(1803). Often spelled Gunellus.
198. HECKEL (1836). Scaphirhynchus, eine Fischgattung aus dev Ordnung der
Chondropterygier mit freien Kiemen. Ann. Wien. Mus., I.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel (1790-1857).
Scaphirhynchus Heckel, I, 71 ; orthotype S. rafinesquei = Acipenser platoryn-
CHUS Raf. Regarded preoccupied by Scaphorhynchus Maximilian, 1831, a
genus of birds; replaced by Scaphirhynchops Gill (see Miiller 1835).
199. HECKEL & FITZINGER (1836). Monographische Darstellung der Gai-
tung Acipenser. Ann. Wien. Mus., I.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel; Leopold J. Fitzinger (1802-1884).
Antaceus Heckel & Fitzinger, 293 ; orthotype Acipenser schypa Eichw.
Lioniscus Heckel & Fitzinger, 370; orthotype Acipenser glaber Fitzinger.
200. LIfiNARD (1836). Sur quelqites poissons de Vile Maurice. L'Institut. IV.
£lize Lienard.
Platysoma Lienard. Name preoccupied; said to be near Dules (Kuhlia). (Very
doubtful ; here quoted from Scudder. I fail to find the name in question else-
where.)
201. MtJNSTER (1836). Capitosaurus in Keupersandstein; Gyrodus multidens in
Jurakalk; achte Belonostomtis-Art ; Lebias mid Cyprinus in Braunkohle ini
Fichtelgebirgc, etc Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
Georg Munster.
Aellopos Miinster, 581; orthotype A. elongatus Miinster (fossil). An extinct
ally of Rhinobatus.
202. RICHARDSON (1836). Back's Narrative of an Arctic Land Expedition.
John Richardson (1787-1865)
Stenodus Richardson (appendix), 521; orthotype Salmo mackenziei Rich.
Replaces Luciotrutta Gthr. (1866).
186 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
203. RICHARDSON (1836). Fauna Borcali- Americana. III.
John Richardson.
Temnistia Richardson, III, 59; orthotype Blepsias ventricosus Eschscholtz. A
synonym of Hemilepidotus Cuv.
Salvelinus (Nilsson) Richardson, III, 169; tautotype Salmo salvelinus L. First
use in thq singular of Nilsson's group name "Salvelini". Replaces Baione
Dekay (1842) and Umbla Rapp (1854).
204. RUPPELL (1836). Neuer Nachtrag zu Beschreibungen und Ahbildnngen
neuer Fische, im Nil entdeckt. Museum Senckenberg, II.
Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell.
Labeobarbus Ruppell, II, 14 ; haplotype Labeobarbus nedgia Ruppell. Probably not
distinct from Tor Gray, 1833.
Varicorhinus Ruppell, II, 14; orthotype V. beso Ruppell = Labeo varicorhinus
Cuv. & Val. Varicorhinus Ruppell is said by Berg to include Capoeta,
ScAPHioDON, Dillonia, Gymnostomus, Onychostoma, Pterocapoijta and
AcAPOETA. Some of these have doubtless standing as subgenera.
205. YARRELL (1836). A History of British Fishes, etc. 2 vols.
William Yarrell (1784-1856).
Amphioxus (Gray) Yarrell. 468; orthotype Limax lanceolatus Pallas. A syno
nym of Branchiostoma Costa.
1837
206. AGASSIZ (1837). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. Ill (part). V (part).
Louis Agassiz.
Onchus Agassiz. Ill, 6; orthotype O. murchisoni Ag. (fossil).
Ctenacanthus Agassiz, III, 10; logotype C. major Ag. (fossil).
Oracanthus Agassiz, III, 13; orthotype O. mulleri Ag. (fossil).
Gyracanthus Agassiz, III, 17; orthotype G. formosus Ag. (fossil).
Tristychius Agassiz, III, 21; orthotype T. arcuatus Ag. (fossil).
Ptychacanthus Agassiz, III, 22; orthotype P. subl^vis Ag. (fossil). A synonym
of Tristychius Ag.
Sphenacanthus Agassiz, III, 23; orthotype S. serrulatus Ag. (fossil).
Nemacanthus Agassiz, III, 25; logotype N. monilifer Ag. (fossil).
Leptacanthus Agassiz, III, 27; logotype L. semistriatus Ag. (fossil). Fossil
spines of a Chim.eroid, perhaps synonymous with Ganodus.
Asteracanthus Agassiz, III, 31; orthotype A. ornatissimus Ag. (fossil).
Pristeacanthus Agassiz, III, 35; orthotype P. securis Ag. (fossil).
Myriacanthus Agassiz, III, 2>7 ; logotype M. paradoxus Ag. (fossil).
Hybodus Agassiz III, 41; orthotype H. plicatilis Ag. (fossil).
Leiacanthus Agassiz, III, 55; orthotype L. falcatus Ag. (fossil).
Pleuracanthus Agassiz, III, 66; orthotype P. l^evissimus Ag. (fossil). Xame
preoccupied ; probably replaced by Orthacanthus Ag. ; perhaps the spine of
the forms known from the teeth, as Diplodus, Dicranodus, Dittodus, etc.
Hypsodon Agassiz. V, 100; logotype Megalodon levvesiensis Mantell (fossil).
Specimens not all of one genus, some belonging to Portheus Cope (1872).
207. BONAPARTE (1834-1841). IconograHa della fauna italica, per le quattro
classi degli aniniali vertebrati. Tome, III. Pesce.
Carlo Luciano Bonaparte (Principe de Canino e de Alusignano).
BONAPARTE, 1837 187
This sumptuous and finely illustrated work was issued in separate fasci-
cles from 1832 to 1842. The fishes seem to begin with fascicle VI in 1837.
The last are in fascicle 160, probably issued in 1841. There is no paging, and
exact dates, except for a few fascicles, are inaccessible • to me. I there-
fore divide the work into three parts, 1837, 1840 and 1841. Fascicles 156 to
160 are subsequent to Swainson's Natural History, 1839, from which they
quote. So far as I know, no question of nomenclature hinges on these uncer-
tain dates. Troschel (Arcliiv. A'aturg.) gives the date 1884 for fascicles
"Lieferungen" VI to XI, 1837 for XVI to XX, 1838 for XXVI to XXIII.
1839 for XXIV to XXVI, and 1840 for XXVII ; but these "deliveries" seem
not to correspond to the fascicles.'
Orectolobus Bonaparte, fasc. 7; orthotype Squalus barbatus Gmelin (date prob-
ably 1837). Replaces Crossorhinus M. & H.
Cerna Bonaparte fasc. 10*; orthotype Perca gigas Briinnich = Labrus guaza L.
(1837). A synonym of Epinephelus Bloch, as now resticted.
Cynicoglossus Bonaparte, fasc. 19; orthotype Pleuronectes cynoglossus Nilsson
(not of L.) = Pleuronectes kitt Walbaum. Equivalent to Microstomus
Gottsche, which it replaces if Microstomus is regarded as preoccupied by
Microstoma Cuv. (1817).
Batis Bonaparte, fasc 21*; orthotype Raja radula De la Roche (called Dasybatus
in fasc. 68). A synonym of Raja L.
Laeviraja Bonaparte, fasc. 21*; orthotype Raja oxyrhynchus L.
Microchirus Bonaparte, fasc. 26*; orthotype Pleuronectes microchirus De la
Roche. Same as Monochirus and Monochir Cuv., not of Rafinesque;
replaces Buglossus Gthr.
Monochirus Bonaparte, fasc, 26* : orthotype Solea monochir Bon. Same as
Monochirus Raf.
Pampus Bonaparte, 48; orthotype (not named) but plainly Stromateus candidus
Cuv. & Val. Replaces Stromateiodes Blkr., 1851.
"Diamo il nome di Pampus al secundo sottogenere in cui accogliamo
quelle specie che non hanno pinne ventrali e portano innanzo ai raggi dorsale
e dell* anale parecchie spine terminale superiormente da una lamina tagliente."
(Bonaparte.) These peculiar trenchant spines are found in all the species
called Stromateoides, though buried in the flesh in the adult.
Dasybatus Bonaparte, fasc. 68; orthotype Raja radula De la Roche. Called Batis
on fascicle 21 ; also written Dasybatis. A synonym of Raja L. ; not Dasy-
atis Raf. (1837).
Membras Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype an "exotic species", evidently Atherina
martinica Cuv. & Val.
Menidia Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype an "exotic species," evidently Atherina
MENIDIA L.
Hepsetia Bonaparte, fasc. 91 ; orthotype Atherina boyeri Risso.
Cyprinopsis (Fitzinger) Bonaparte, fasc. 92; orthotype Cyfrinus carassius L.
(1838). A synonym of Carassius Nilsson.
Squalius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; logotype Squalius tyberinus Bon. = Leuciscus
squalus Bon. A synonym of Leuciscus Cuv.
Scardinius Bonaparte, fasc. 96; orthotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon.
Telestes Bonaparte, fasc. 103; orthotype Telestes muticellus Bon. (1839j.
Plagiusa Bonaparte, fasc. 120; orthotype (by implication) Pleuronectes plagiusa L.
A substitute for Plagusisa Cuv. ; preoccupied ("non Plagusia, nome di
crustaceo"). A synonym of Symphurus Raf. (1810).
188 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
208. CANTRAINE (1837). Memoire sur un poisson nouveau (Acanthoderma
temmincki) trouve dans le canal de Messme. Journ. de Bruxelles.
Francois Joseph Cantraine (1801-1863).
Acanthoderma Cantraine, X, 1-19; orthotype A. temmincki Cantraine. A synonym
of RUVETTUS COCCO.
209. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1837). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XII.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Oplopomus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 66 (reference in synonymy) ;
orthotype O. pulcher Ehrenb. = Gobius oplopomus Cuv. & Val. Replaces
Centrogobius Blkr., 1874.
Cryptocentrus (Ehrenberg) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 111; orthotype C.
MELEAGRis Ehrenb. = Gobius cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. Replaces Para-
GOBius Blkr. Ehrenberg's manuscript, Zoologia: Pisces, quoted by Cuvier and
Valenciennes, seems never to have been published.
Amblyopus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 139 ; logotype T^noides herrmannianus
Lac. A synonym of T.^nioides Lac. 1803
Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 143; orthotype Gobius pectini-
ROSTis Gmelin = Apocryptes chinensis Osbeck, 1757, and in later transla-
tions (after 1758). Apocryptes Cuv. & Val. is plainly a revival of Osbeck's
genus, and the name ought not legitimately to be transferred to another group
as has been done by Giinther and Bleeker. Bleeker makes Gobius bato Ham.
the type of Apocryptes Cuv. & Val., as this is the first species named by these
authors under Apocryptes. But it would seem that Osbeck's haplotype (A.
chinensis) must be accepted in the revival of his genus, in which case
Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val. replaces Boleophphalmus Cuv. & Val.
(p. 198). As against the views here expressed, it may be urged that the pre-
Linnaean name Apocryptes Osbeck has no standing and Apocryptes Cuv. &
Val. is really based on Gobius bato, a species actually in hand, as the descrip-
tion shows. Apocryptes chinensis (pectinirostris) was included by error,
it being a member in fact of the genus Boleophthalmus Cuv. & Val., as
later writers have recognized. It may be urged further that the first desig-
nation of type of Apocryptes is that of Bleeker, who places it on Apocryptes
bato.
A further point is that accepting Apocryptes in the Osbeckian sense leaves
the genus of Cuvier and Valenciennes without a name, unless we accept
Gobileptes Sw. But the scales in Gobileptes are described as large, while
those of Apocryptes bato are "exceedingly small". Swainson obviously drew
his Gobileptes from the description of Gobius acutipinnis Cuv. & Val., later
abandoning the genus, which he does not again notice. Among the numerous
genera of sharp-tailed gobies, I have not found the proper place for (Gobi-
leptes acutipinnis. This generic name, Gobilepres Sw., with no species
mentioned, is interpreted by Bleeker as referring to Gobius bato and hence
is regarded by him as a synonym of Apocryptes.
Boleophthalmus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 198; orthotype Gobius bodd.^rti Pal-
las. Perhaps a synonym of Apocryptes (Osbeck) Cuv. & Val., which see
above.
Philypnus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 235 ; haplotype Gobiomorus dormitor Lac.
Same as Gobiomorus Lac, as first restricted by Jordan. Gill has later lim-
ited the name to Valenciennea Blkr.
EGERTON, 1837 189
Hemerocoetes Cuvier & Valenciennes. XII, 311; haplotype Callionymus acan-
THORHYNCHUs Forster.
Platyptera (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Cuvier & Valencenniences, XII, 320; orthotype
P. ASPRO Van Hasselt. Name preoccupied, replaced by Rhyacichthys
Boulenger, 1901.
Halieutaea Cuvier & Valenciennes, XII, 455 ; haplotype Halieut^a stellata Cuv.
& Val.
210. EGERTON (1837). (Catalogue of Fossil Fishes.)
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton (1806-1881).
Isurus (Agassiz) Egerton; orthotype I. MACROxmus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
validated by Agassiz, 1844. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Saurichthy.s
Woodw., 1901.
211. FITZINGER (1837). V orldiiHger Bericht iibcr eine hochst interessante Ent'
deckung Dr. Natterers in Brasil. Oken's Isis.
Leopold Jcseph Franz Fitzinger.
Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 379 ; orthotype L. paradoxa Fitzinger.
212. FRIES (1837). Pterycombus, ett nytt fiskslagte fran Ishafvet. Handl.
K. Vetensk. Akad. Stockholm.
Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799-1839).
Pterycombus Fries, 14 ; orthotype P. brama Fries.
213. GEINITZ (1837). Thilritigischen Muschelkalk.
Hans Bruno Geinitz (1814-1900).
Acrodus (Agassiz) Geinitz, 21; orthotype A. gaillardoti Ag. (fossil). (Also in
Poissons fossiles. III, 139, 1838.)
214. HECKEL (1837). Ichthyologischc Bcitrdge. Ann. Wiener Mus., II.
JOHANN Jakob Heckel.
Scorpaenopsis Heckel, II, 158; orthotype ScoRPyENA nesogallica Cuv. & Val.
Trachydermus Heckel. 11, 159; orthotype T. efasciatus Heckel. Name three times
preoccupied as Trachyderma; replaced by Centridermichthys Rich.
215. KUTORGA (1837). Beitrag zur Geognosie und Palcontologic Dorpats und
seiner ndchsten Umgebungen. St. Petersbourg, IV, for. 1835. Zweiter Bei-
trag, 1837.
Stepan Semenovich Kutorga (1812-1861).
Ichthyosauroides Kutorga, II, 35; orthotype Trionyx spinosus Kutorga (fossil).
Name rejected as inappropriate, the genus being supposed to be reptilian ;
an inadequate reason for change of name to Heterostius Asmuss, 1856.
216. MtJLLER & HENLE (1837). Gattungen der Hai£schc und RocJien nach
ihrer Arbeit, "Ueber die Naturgeschichte der KnorpelHsche" . Ber. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin.
Johannes Muller; Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle.
Taeniura Muller & Henle, 117; logotype Trygon ornata Gray = Raja lvmma
Forskal.
217. MULLER & HENLE (1837j. On the Generic Characters of Cartilaginous
Fishes, with Descriptions of New Genera. Mag. Nat. Hist., II.
Johannes Muller ; Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle.
190 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Hemitrygon Miiller & Henle, 90; orthotype Trygon bennetti M. & H.
Ginglymostoma Miiller & Henle, 113; orthot3'pe Squalus cirratus Gmelin.
Scoliodon Miiller & Henle, 114; orthotype Carcharias laticauuus M. & H.
Gymnura Miiller & Henle, 117; orthotype Raja asperrima B1. & Schn. Name
preoccupied; replaced by Urogymnus M. & H.
Himantura Miiller & Henle, 400; orthotj'pe Raja uarnak Forskal.
Urogymnus Miiller & Henle, 434; logotype Raja asperrima B1. & Schn. Re-
places Anacanthus Ehrenb. and Gymnura M. & H., both preoccupied.
218. REDFIELD (1837). Fossil Fishes of Connecticut and Massachusetts with a
Notice of an Undetermined Genus. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.
John Howard Redfield (1825-1895).
Catopterus Redfield, IV, 39; orthotype C. gracilis Redfield (fossil). Preoccupied
by Catopterus Ag. (1833) ; replaced by Redfieldius Hay (1899).
219. REINHARDT (1837). Bythites, novum genus piscium. Danske Vid. Selsk.
Afh., VI.
Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt.
Bythites Reinhardt, VT, 77 ; orthotype B. fuscus Reinh.
220. SMITH (1837). On the Necessity for a Revision of the Groups Included in
the Linneean Genus Squalus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
Andrew Smith.
Poroderma Smith, 85; logotA-pe Squalus afrjcanus Gmelin.
Catulus Smith, 85; orthotype Scyllium capense Smith. Name preoccupied in
insects, partly equivalent to Scylliorhinus Blainv., 1816.
Hemiscyllium Smith, 86; logotype Squalus ocellatus Bonneterre.
Carcharodon Smith, 86; orthotype Carcharodon capensis Smith = Squalus car-
charias L.
Leptocarias Smith; ///. 5". Afr. Zool.; orthotype Truenodon smithi Gray; quoted
by Agassiz, Norn. Zool., 1846; hence prior to Leptocarcharias Gthr., 1870.
Replaces Leptocarcharias.
221. THOMPSON (1837). Notes Relating to the Natural History of Ireland,
with a Description of a New Genus of Fishes (Echiodon). Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, V.
William Thompson.
Echiodon Thompson, 55; orthotype E. drummondi Thompson. A synonym of
Carapus Raf. (Fierasfer Cuv.).
1838
222. AGASSIZ (1838). Rechcrchcs sur les poissons fossilcs. Ill, IV (parts).
Louis Agassiz.
Ptychopleurus Agassiz, III, 67; orthotype Ptychacanthus faugasi Ag. A fossd
ally of Myliobatis.
Oxyrhina Agassiz, HI, 86; logotype O. mantelli Ag. (fossil). Name preoccu-
pied, the genus not separable from the living genus IsuRUs Raf. (1810).
Orodus Agassiz, HI, 96; logotype O. cinctus Ag. (fossil.)
Ctenoptychius Agassiz, III, 99; orthotype C. apicalis Ag. (fossil).
Helodus Agassiz, III, 104; orthotype H. simplex Ag. (fossil).
Chomatodus Agassiz, III, 107; logotype C. cinctus Ag. (fossil). An ally of
Cochhodus, of undetermined value.
BUCKLAND. 1838 10]
Cochlicdus Agassiz, 111, 113; orthotype C. contortus Ag. (fossil).
Strophodus Agassiz, III, 116; logotype S. reticulatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym
of ASTERACANTHUS.
Ceratodus Agassiz, III, 129; orthotype C. latissimus Ag. (fossil). Considered by
Gistel as preoccupied by the earlier Ceratodon ; Scropha Gistel (1848) has
been proposed as a substitute.
Ctenodus Agassiz, III, 137; orthotype C. cristatus Ag. (fossil). Considered as
preoccupied by the earlier Ctenodon. Rhadamista Gistel (1848) has been
proposed as a substitute.
Acrodus Agassiz, III, 139; orthotype A. gaillardoti Ag. (fossil). Name first pub-
lished by Geinitz, 1837; regarded as preoccupied by Acrodon Zimm. (1832),
a genus of beetles; Adiapneustes Gistel (1848) being suggested as substi-
tute. But Thectodus Meyer & Plieninger (1844) is earlier than Adiap-
neustes.
Hoplopteryx Agassiz, IV, 4; logotype H. antiquus Ag. (fossil).
Sphenocephalus Agassiz, IV, 4; orthotype S. fissicaudus Ag. (fossil).
Acanus Agassiz, IV, 4; logotype A. ovalis Ag. (fossil). (Printed first without ex-
planation in Neues Jahrb., 1834, 305).
Acrogaster Agassiz, IV, 5; orthotype A. parvus Ag. (fossil).
Podocys Agassiz, IV, 5, 135; orthotype P. minutus Ag. (fossil).
Sparnodus Agassiz, IV, 10; orthotype Sparus macrophthalmus Volta (fossil).
(Printed first without definition, Neucs Jahrb., 1835, 300.)
Callipteryx Agassiz, IV, 12; logotype C. speciosus Ag. (fossil). (Also printed as
name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 293.)
Semiophorus Agassiz, IV, 14; orthotype Kurtus velifer Volta (fossil).
Pygaeus Agassiz, IV, 16, 256; logotype P. coleanus Ag. (fossil).
Macrostoma Agassiz, IV, 15, 260; orthotype M. altum Ag. (fossil). (Name twice
preoccupied.)
223. BUCKLAND (1838). On the Discovery of Fossil Fishes in the Bagshot
Sands at Goldzvorth Hill, Four Miles North of Guildford. Proc. Geol. See.
London, II.
William Buckland (1784-1856).
Edaphodon Buckland, II, 687; logotype Chimera mantelli Buckland (fossil).
According to Dr. L. Hussakof, the following genera based on Chimaeroid teeth
are all synonyms of Edaphodon, namely, Ischyodus, Eumylodus, Passalo-
DON, Psittacodon, Dipristis, Diphrissa and Bryactinus.
Passalodon Buckland, II, 687; orthotype ChimyEra agassizi Buckland (fossil).
A synonym of Edaphodon.
Ameibodon Buckland. This name is quoted by Agassiz from the Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1839. I do not find it there.
224, COCCO (1838). Su di alcuni salmonidi del mare di Messina; lettera al Ch.
D. Carlo Luciano Bonaparte. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat.. II.
Anastasio Cocco.
Gymnocephalus Cocco. 26; orthotype G. messinensis Cocco. Name preoccupied;
a synonym of Centrolophus Lac.
Maurolicus Cocco, 32; orthotype M. amethystinopunctatus Cocco.
Odcntostomus Cocco, 32; orthotype O. kyalinus Cocco. Regarded as preoccu-
pied by Odontostomus (1887), a genus of mollusks ; replaced by Ever-
mannella Fowler.
192 THE GKNEK.X ()!■ I'lSHKS, PART II
225. GRAY (1838). (Aracana.) Ann. Hist., I.
John Ed Ward Gray.
Aracana Gray, I, 110; logotype A. ornata Gray. (Printed without description in
1833.)
226. HECKEL (1838). Fische aus Caschmir gcsammelt und herausgegebcn von
Carl Freihcrrn von Hugel, etc. Wien.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Schizothorax Heckel, 11; logotype S. plagiostomus Heckel as fixed by Bleeker,
1863 ; limited by Giinther in 1868 to S. curvifrons, etc. Same as Oreinus
McCl., which it replaces if valid
227. LOWE (1838). Piscium Maderensium species quccdam nova: vel minus rite
cognitce breviter descriptcv, etc. Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc, VI.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Polymixia Lowe, VI, 198; orthotype P. nobilis Lowe.
228. MtJLLER & HENLE (1838). Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen.
Berlin (1838 to 1841).
Johannes Muller; Frederick Gustav Jakob Henle.
Chiloscyllium Muller & Henle, 17; logotype Scyllium plagiosum Bennett.
Crossorhinus Mialler & Henle, 2J ; orthotype Squalus barbatus Gmelin, A synonym
of Orectolobus Bon.
Stegostoma Miiller & Henle 24; orthotype Squalus fasciatus Bloch.
Aprion Muller & Henle, 32; orthotype Carcharias isodon M. & H. Name pre-
occupied in fishes; replaced by Aprionodon Gill, 1861.
Hypoprion Miiller & Henle, 34; orthotype Carcharias macloti M. & H.
Prionodon Miiller & Henle, 36 ; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Preoccupied ; re-
placed by Prionace Cantor, 1849.
Triakis Muller & Henle, II, 36; orthotype T. scyllium. Spelled Triacis by authors.
Triaenodon Miiller & Henle, 55 ; orthotype Carcharias obesus M. & H.
Galeocerdo Miiller & Henle, 59; crthotypt G. tigrinus M. & H.
Loxodon Miiller & Henle, 61 ; orthotype L. macrorhinus M. & H.
Thalassorhinus Miiller & Henle, 62; orthotype T. vulpecula M. & H.
Carcharodon (Smith) Miiller & Henle, 70; orthotype C. rondeleti M. & H. =
Squalus carcharias L.
Alopecias Miiller & Henle, 74; orthotype Squalus vulpes Gmelin = S. vulpinus
Bonnaterre. A revised spelling of Alopias Raf.
Triglochis Miiller & Henle, II, 88; orthotype Squalus ferox Risso. A synonym
of Odontaspis Ag. and of Carcharias Raf.
Centrophorus Miiller & Henle, 89; logotype C. granulatus M. & H. Perhaps a
synonym of Dalatias Raf.
Laemargus Miiller & Henle, 93; orthotype Squalus borealis Scoresby. A syno-
nym of SoMNiosus Le Sueur.
Pristiophorus Miiller & Henle, 98; orthotype Pristis cirratus Latham.
Rhynchobatis Miiller & Henle, 111; orthotype Rhinobatus l^vis B1. & Schn.
Syrrhina Miiller & Henle, 113; logotype S. columns M. & H. as restricted by Jor-
dan & Evermann. 1896, the earliest definite restriction I have found. Gar-
man, 1912, indicates Syrrhina brevirostris M. & H. as type. This is a species
referred to Zapteryx J. & G. As here understood, Syrrhina is a synonym
of Rhinobatus.
Trygonorhina Miiller & Henle, 124; orthotype T. fasciata M. & H.
MU1>LEK & HENLE, 1838 193
Platyrhina Miiller & Henle, 125; logotype Raja sinensis Lac. Name regarded as
preoccupied by Platyrhinus; replaced by Analithis Gistel (1848) and later
by DiscoBATUS Garman (1881).
Astrape Miiller & Henle, 130; logotype Raja capensis Gmelin. A synonym of
Narke Kaup, 1826.
Uraptera Miiller & Henle, 155 ; logotype U. agassizi M. & H.
Sympterygia Miiller & Henle, 155 ; orthotype S. bonapartii M. & H.
Pteroplatea Miiller & Henle, 168; orthotype Raja altavela L.
Hypolophus Miiller & Henle, 170; orthotype Raja sephen Forskal. A synonym
of Pastinachus Riippell, if this name is accepted (not Pastinaca Nardo).
Taeniura Miiller Henle, 171; logotype Raja lymma Forskal.
Urolophus Miiller & Henle, 173 ; logotype Raja cruciata Lac.
Trygonoptera Miiller & Henle, 174; orthotype T. testacea M. & H.
Aetoplatea Miiller & Henle, 175 ; orthotype A. tentaculata M. & H.
Ceratoptera Miiller & Henle, 186; orthotype Cephaloptera vampyrus Mitchill. A
s"ynonyni of Manta Bancroft
Centroscyllium Miiller & Henle, 191 ; orthotype Spinax fabricii Reinh.
229. MULLER & HENLE (1838). (Plagiostomen.) Charlesworth's Magazine of
Natural History, 1838.
Johannes Muller; Friedrich Henle.
Leptocharias Miiller & Henle, II, Z6; orthotype Tri^nodon smithi Gray. Same as
Leptocarias Smith, 1837.
230. NORDMANN (1838). Bericht an die kaiserliche Akademie der Wissen-
schaften, Uber eine iietie Fischgattung (Hexacanthus) aits der Familie der
Gobioiden. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., III.
Alexander von Nordmann.
flexacanthus Nordmann ; orthotype Gobius macrocephalus Pallas. Name re-
garded as preoccupied by Hexacantha ; replaced by Benthophilus Eichw.
231. REINHARDT (1838). Ichthyologiske bidrag til den Gronlandske fauna,
etc. Danske Vid. Selsk. Afh. Kjobenhavn, VII.
Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt.
Himantolophus Reinhardt, 74; orthotype H. grcenlandicus Reinh.
Citharus Reinhardt, 116; orthotype Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius, not of
Rose, 1793, nor of Bleeker, 1862. A synonym of Hippoglossoides Gottsche.
Gymnelis Reinhardt, VII, 130; orthotype Ophidium viride Fabricius.
Lycodes Reinhardt, VII, 153; logotype L. vahli Reinh.
232. SWAINSON (1838). The Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians and Rep-
tiles, or Monocardian Animals. I.
William Swainson (1789-1855).
Pedalion (Guilding) Swainson, I, 199; II, 195, 329; orthotype (Tetrodon mola L.).
A synonym of Mola Kolr.
Ariosoma Swainson, I, 220; II, 195; (no type named) ; logotype, as restricted by
Bleeker and by Swain, Ophisoma acuta Sw. = Mur^ena balearica De la
Roche ; replaced by Ophisoma Sw., on II, 334 ; a name preoccupied ; replace;
Congermur^na Kaup and Congrellus Ogilby. Several other generic names
defined by Swainson in Vol. II (1839) are casually mentioned with a few
words of comparison. Tins Breviceps (238, 343, 345), Cypsilurus (I, 299).
But when no question of priority arises, these need not be mentioned further.
194 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Breviceps Swainson, I, 328; II, 189; orthotype B. filamentosus Sw. = Arius
BAHiENsis Castelnau. Name preoccupied ; replaced by Felichthys Sw. II,
305. A synonym of Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, as restricted to its tautotype.
1839
233. AGASSIZ (1839). Kiinstliclie Stcinkerne von Konchylien und Fischc.
Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
Louis Agassiz.
Eugnathus Agassiz, 118; logotype E. minor Ag. (fossil) ; regarded as preoccupied
by EuGNATHA ; replaced by Furo Gistel (1848).
234. AGASSIZ (1839). Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. In Murchison's
Silurian System.
Louis Agassiz.
Holoptychus Agassiz, 68; orthotype H. nobilissimus Ag. (fossil). Usually written
HOLOPTYCHIUS.
Sclerodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype S. pustuliferus Ag.
Thelodus Agassiz, 606; orthotype T. parvidens Ag. (fossil).
Plectrodus Agassiz, 606, 704; logotype P. mirabilis Ag. (fossil). A synonym of
Sclerodus Ag.
Sphagodus Agassiz (not quoted by Woodward). Name of an Ichthydorulite or
fossil fin-spine.
235. AGASSIZ (1839). Recherches sur Ics poissons fossilcs. II, IV (part).
Louis Agassiz.
Sphaerodus Agassiz, 11, 215; logotype S. conicus Ag. (fossil). Not SpH^iiRODON
Riippell.
Pristigenys Agassiz, IV, 136 orthotype P. macrophthalmus Ag. (fossil). (Printed
as name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835. 299.)
Ptychodus Agassiz, III, 150; orthotype P. mammilaris Ag. (fossil).
Odonteus Agassiz, IV, 178; orthotype O. sparoides Ag. (fossil).
Pterygocephalus Agassiz, IV, 190; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). (Also as
name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 295.)
236. BONAPARTE (1839). Systema Ichthyologicum. Mem. Sci. Nat. Neuf
chatel, II, 1839.
Charles Lucien Bonaparte.
Pristidurus Bonaparte, II, 11; orthotype Galeus melastomus Raf. Commonly
written Pristiurus, but the form here given is apparently earlier.
237. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1839). Histoire naturelle des poissons.
xin, XIV.
Achille Valenciennes.
Cossyphus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 102; logotype Bodianus bodianus Bloch.
Identical with Bodianus Bloch, as restricted, and Harpe Lac. The name
Cossyphus is also preoccupied.
Acantholabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 242; logotype Lutjanus palloni
Risso.
Ctenolabrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 223 ; logotype Labrus rupestris L
Bagrus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIV, 388; logotype Silurus bajad Forskal, not
Bagre (Cuv.) Oken, which is Felichthys Sw. Bagrus is regarded as
LAY & BENNETT, 1839 195
preoccupied by Bagre, both being forms of "Les Bagres" Cuv. If so, it is
replaced by Porcus Geoffrey St. Hilaire, 1818.
238. LAY & BENNETT (1839). Fishes. (In the Zoology of Captain Beechey's
Voyage.)
G. T. Lay; Edward Turner Bennett.
Peropus Lay & Bennett, 59; orthotype Blepsias bilobus Cuv. & Val. Name pre-
occupied; replaced by Histiocottus Gill, 1888.
239. LOWE (1839). A Supplement to a Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VII.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Callanthias Lowe, 76; orthotype C. paradis^us = Bodianus peloritanus Cocco.
Aphanopus Lowe, 79; orthotype A. carbo Lowe.
Pompilus Lowe, 81 ; orthotype Coryph^na pompilus L. = Pompilus rondeleti
Lowe. A synonym of Centrolophus Lac.
Alysia Lowe, 87 ; orthotype A. loricata Lowe = Scopelus coccoi Cocco. Name
preoccupied ; replaced by Rhinsocopelus Liitken.
Acanthidium Lowe, 91 ; logotype A. pusillum Lowe, as restricted by Jordan anc
Evermann, 1896. Garman, 1913, chooses the second species named by Lowe,
A. calceus, a species of Deani.\, as the type. As first restricted, Acanthi-
dium is a synonym of Etmopterus Raf.
240. McClelland (1839). Indian Cyprinidcc. Asiatic Researches, XIX.
John McClelland (1805-1875).
Oreinus McClelland, 273 ; logotype O. guttatus McCl. Regarded by Gistel as pre-
occupied by Oreina, the name Englottogaster substituted for it. Probably
a synonym of Schizothorax Heckel.
Systomus McClelland, 284; logotype S. immaculatus McCl.
Perilampus McClelland, 288; logotype Cyprinus devario Ham. A synonym of
Barilius.
Opsarius McClelland, 295; logotype O. maculatus McCl. Apparently a synonym
of Barilius Ham.
Psilorhynchus McClelland, 300; logotype Cyprinus sucatid Ham. A synonym of
Homaloptera Van Hasselt.
Aplocheilus McClelland, 301 ; logotype A. chrysostigmus McCl. = Esox panchax
Ham. Name corrected to Haplochilus Giinther.
Schistura McClelland, 306; logotype Cobitis rupecula McCl. A synonym of Bar-
batula Linck.
Gonorhynchus McClelland, 373; logotype G. brevis McCl. Not Gonorhynchus oi
Gronow and Scopoli (1777). A synonym of Crossocheilus Van Hasselt.
Hymenphysa McClelland, 443; logotype Cobitis dario Ham. Corrected to
Hymenophysa by Giinther; a synonym of Botia Gray.
241. McClelland (1839). observations on Six New Species of Cyprinidce
with an Outline of a New Classification of the Family. Journ. Asiatic Soc.
Benal, VIII, 941-947.
John McClelland.
Platycara McClelland, VIII, 947; orthotype P. nasuta McCl. A synonym of
Garra Ham., and Discogn.^thus Heckel.
196 Till-: GENKKA (M- I'lSliliS, I'AKT II
242. MITCHELL (1839). Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia.
Ed. IL
James Mitchell.
Tandanus Mitchell, 1, 95: orthotypc Plotosus tandanus Mitchell; replaces Copido-
GLANis Gthr., 1864.
243. MULLER (1839). Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxinoiden, der Cyclostomen
mil durchbohrten Gaumen. IV. Ucbcr das Gcfiis System. .\bh. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin, 1839.
Johannes Muller.
Heteropneustes Muller, 243; orthotype Silurus fossilis Bloch. Said to be the
same as Silurus singio Hain., 243 (also in IViegm. Arch., 1839, 115). Re-
places Saccobranchus Cuv. & Val., 1848.
Amphipnous Miillcr, 244; orthotype Unibranchapertura cuchia Ham.
Physogaster Miillcr, 252; orthotype Tetraodon lunaris B1. & Schn. Name pre-
occupied; replaced by Gastrophysus Muller. A synonym of Lagocephalus
Swain.
Arothron Miillcr, 252; orthotype A. testudinarius Muller = Tetraodon reticu-
laris Bl. & Schn. A synonym of Ovoides Dum.
Cheilichthys Muller, 252; orthotype Tetraodon testudineus L. A synonym of
Spheroides Dum.
Chelonodon Miiller, 252; orthotype Tetrodon patoca Ham.
244. MUNSTER (1839). Ueber einige merkwUrdige Fische aus dem Kupfcr-
schiefer und dem Muschclkalk. Beitrage zur Petrefactenkunde.
GeORG MiJNSTER.
Ascalabos Miinstcr, I, 112; orthotype A. voitiii Mitnster (fossil). A synonym of
Leptolepis.
245. NARDO (1839). Consideracioni sulla fajniglia dei pesci Mola, c sui caratteri
che li distinguono. Ann. Sci. Lombardo-Vcncto, X.
Giovanni Domenico Nardo.
Pallasia Nardo, V, 10, 112; orthotype P. pallasi Nardo. A larval form of Mol.\
Kolr.
Ranzania Nardo, V, 10, 105 ; orthotypc Tictraodon truncatus Rctzius.
246. OWl'^N (1839). On a Nezv Species of the (Senus Lepidosiren of Fitzinger and
Nattcrer, L, Annectens. Proc. Linn. Soc. London. 1839, 1, 27-32.
Richard Owen (1810-1890).
Protopterus Owen, 27 ; orthotype Lepidosiren .\nnectens Owen.
247. OWEN (1839). ( I'ossil Fishes.) Report British Association for 1838 (1839).
Richard Owen.
Dictyodus Owen, 142; orthotypc D. dkstkitci'ok Owen (fossil) (1854).
248. RANZANI (1839). Dispositio familice M alarum in genera et in species.
Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon.. [II.
Camillo Ranzani.
Ozodura Ranzani, 81 ; orthotypc O. orstni Rnnzani =^ Mola mola (L). A synonym
of Mola Kiilr.
Tympanomium Ranzani, 81 ; orthotype T. planci Ranzani. A .synonym of Mola.
Trematopsis Ranzani, 81 ; orthotype T. willughheii Ranzani. A synonym of Mola.
RiciiAKDsoy. 1839 197
249. RICHARDSON (1839). Description of Fishes Collected of Port Arthur in
Van Diemen's Land. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VII.
John Richardson.
Latris Richardson, 98; orthotype L. hecateia Rich.
Nemadactylus Richardson, 98; orthotype N. concinnus Rich. Spelled Nemato-
UAcTYLUS by Gill.
250. STORER (1839). A Report on the Fishes of Massachusetts. Boston Journ.
Nat. Hist., II.
David Humphreys Storer (1804-1891).
Cryptacanthodes Storer, 28 ; orthotype C. maculatus Storer.
251. SWAINSON (1839). The Xalnral History of Fishes, Amphibians and
Reptiles or Monocardian Animals. II.
William Swainson.
In a review of Swainson's Genera of Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1882, page 272, Dr. Joseph Swain has made identifications of all of the series
Swainson's genera, indicating a logotype for each. This designation of type
must stand in every case, except when a prior indication has been made, as
was done in a few cases by Bonaparte and by Bleeker. Swainson's work is
perhaps the last and certainly the most unwelcome of an unfortunate series to
which belong Scopoli's Introductio, Fischer's Zoognosia, Rafinesque's
Analyse de la Nature, works which treat of the whole scope of Ichthyology,
adding new genera here and there, but without special investigation of the
animals concerned, leaving their generic names imperfectly defined as a bur-
den to the real students who must give to these names their final meaning.
Of the 153 new names introduced by Swainson, about 30 must be retained on
the score of priority of date, but there is not a dozen of the whole number
based on any clear understanding of the relations of the species indicated.
In Chapter I of Vol. 2, on pages 167 to 197, Swainson gives an analytical key
to the genera he recognizes. In this part no species are mentioned and in
several cases the genera bear other names when they appear later in the reg-
ular text in Chapter II of Vol. 2 (197-339).
Erosa Swainson, II, 61; tautotype Synanceja erosa LangsdorfY; type not indicated
but understood from context, and from the generic name chosen. The genus
is valid and was revived by Jordan & Starks (1904).
Trichosomus Swainson, II, 61, 265; logotype Apistus trachinoides Cuv. & Val.
Accidentally spelled also Trichophasia on page 61. Regarded as preoccupied
by Trichosoma, a genus of worms, and by Trichosomus, a genus of bettles ;
replaced by Vespicula Jordan & Rich. Prosopodasvs Cantor, originally a
substitute name for Apistus, is transferred by Giinther to A. trachinoides, an
arrangement apparently not allowable, as Cuvier does not mention that species
among "les Apistes". Trichophasia, an error, not a new name, seems also
ineligible.
Trichophasia Swainson, II, 61 ; (used evidently by error of proof-reader for Tri-
chosomus) which form appears before ahd after on page 61 and formally on
page 279.
Clinitrachus Swainson, II, 75; II, 276; orthotype (on p. 75) Blennius variabilis
Raf., a species not mentioned on page 276. hence B. superciliosus L., a
species of Clinus, was indicated as type by Swain. A synonym of Cristi-
CEPs Cuv. & Val. (1836).
198 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Blennitrachus Swainson, II, 78; II, 274; orthotype Pholis quadrifasciatus
Wood. A synonym of Chas modes Cuv.
Cichlaurus Swainson, II, 173; haplotype (230) Labrus punctatus Bloch. Later
called CiCHLASOMA, which name it should replace.
Dendrochirus Swainson, II, 180; logotype Pterois zebra Cuv. & Val.
Pteropterus Swainson, II, 180; logotype (p. 264) Pterois radiatus Cuv. & Val.
A synonym of Pterois Cuv.
Psilosomus Swainson, II, 183; logotype T.*:nioides herrmannianus Lac. A syn-
onym of T^nioides Lac.
Gobileptes Swainson, II, 183; no type named; orthotype intended (as is evident
from Swainson's description) Gobius acutipinnis Cuv. & Val. "like Gobius,
but the caudal lanceolate and the scales large". Bleeker (1876) has, how-
ever, fixed the type, none having been named before, on Gobius bato Ham.
This raises a question in nomenclature already noted under Apocryptes
(1837).
Salmostoma Swainson, II, 184; logotype Cyprinus bacaila Ham. on page 284,
where the genus is called Salmophasia. Replaces Securicula Gthr., 1868.
Scrophicephalus Swainson, II, 187; no type named, Mormyrus caschive Hassel-
quist intended ("dorsal fin single, very long; snout produced"). A synonym
of Mormyrus L., as restricted by Gill (1862).
Ariosoma Swainson, II, 194; logotype as restricted by Bleeker, 1864, Ophisoma
acuta Sw. = Mur-ena balearica De la Roche. Replaces Congermur^na
Kaup (1856) and Congrellus Ogilby 1898.
Leiodon Swainson, II, 194; logotype Leiosomus marmoratus Sw. = Tetraodon
cutcutia Ham., as defined by Bleeker (1865). Swain restricts the name
Leiosomus as later substituted bj^ Swainson for Leiodon, to Leiosomus
l^vissimus Sw., which is Tetraodon spengleri Bloch, a species of
Spheroides. Leiodon Sw. has precedence over Leiodon Owen, 1841, and
replaces Monotreta Bibron.
Canthigaster Swainson, II, 194; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called
Psilonotus later in the text; replaces Anosmius Peters.
Cromileptes Swainson, II, 201 ; logotype Serranus altivelis Cuv. & Val. Restricted
by Bleeker (1875) to S. altivelis, thus replacing Serranichthys Blkr.
Later restricted by Swain to Epinephelus gigas.
Cynichthys Swainson, II, 201 ; haplot}'pe Perca flavopurpurea Bennett = HoLO-
centrus flavoc^ruleus Lac. A synonym of Epinephelus (not Plectorhyn-
CHUS as stated by Swain).
Variola Swainson, II, 202; haplotype V. longipinna Sw. = Perca louti Forskal.
Uriphaeton Swainson, II, 202; orthotype Serranus phaeton Cuv. & Val. = U.
microleptes Sw. This genus is based on a made-up fish, a Cephalopholis,
with the tail of a Fistularia attached. A synonym of Cephalopholis B1. &
Schn.
Elastoma Swainson, II, 202; type Etelis oculatus (Cuv. & Val.). A synonym of
Etelis Cuv.
Rabdophorus Swainson, II, 211; haplotype Ch^todon ephippium Bloch. A sub-
division of Ch.^todon.
Genicanthus Swainson, II, 212; logotype Holacanthus lamarcki (Cuv.) A
synonym of Holacanthus Lac.
Microcanthus Swainson, II, 215; haplotype Ch.etodon strigatus Cuv.. a wilful
misprint for Micracanthus.
swAiNsoN, 1839 199
Chrysiptera Swainson, II, 216; logotype Glyphidodon azureus Q. & G. A sub-
genus under Abudefduf.
Microgaster Swainson, II, 216; haplotypc Etroplus coruchi Guv. & Val. = Ch.e-
TODON MACULATUS Bloch. Equivalent to Paretroplus Blkr. A synonym of
Etroplus Cuv. & Val. as restricted.
Chaetolabrus Swainson, II, 216 ; logotype Gh^todon suratensis Bloch. A synonym
of Etroplus Cuv.
Chrysoblephus Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Sparus gibbiceps Guv. A section
under Sparus L. *
Argyrops Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Sparus spinifer Forskal. A section under
Sp.^rus L.
Calamus Swainson, II, 221 ; haplotype Pagellus calamus Guv. & Val. = Galamus
MEGACEPHALUS Sw.
Lithognathus Swainson, II, 222; haplotype Sparus capensis Guv.
Nemipterus Swainson, II, 223 ; haplotype Dentex filamentosus Guv. Replaces
Synagris Gthr., 1859.
Thalassoma Swainson, II, 224; haplotype Labrus purpureus Riippell. Stands in
place of JuLis Gthr., not o{ Guvier.
Urichthys Swainson, II, 224 ; logotype Labrus lunulatus Riippell. A synonym of
Gheilinus Lac.
Crassilabrus Swainson, II, 225; haplotype Gheilinus undulatus Riippell. A sec-
tion under Gheilinus Lac.
Leptoscarus Swainson, II, 226; haplotype Scarus vaigiensis Q. & G. = Scarus
spinidens Guv. = Galliodon vaigiensis Guv. & Val. Replaces Galotomus
Gilbert, and Galliodon Guv. ; not Gallyodon of Gronow nor Galliodon of
Bl. & Schn.
Hemistoma Swainson, II, 226; haplotype Scarus pepo Bennett = Hemistoma
reticulata Sw. A synonym of Gallyodon Gronow or Scarus Forskal.
Erychthys Swainson, II, 226; logotype Labrus croicensis Bloch. A synonym of
Gallyodon Gronow or Scarus Forskal.
Petronason Swainson, II, 226; logotype Goryph^na psittacus L. as restricted by
Bleeker and by Swain. A synonym of Gallydodon or Scarus.
Pachynathus Swainson, II, 226 (misprint for Pachygnathus) ; haplotype P. tri-
angularis Sw., based on Rahtee yellakah Russell = Balistes capistratus
Shaw. Name preoccupied as Pachygnathus; replaced by §ufflamen
Jordan, 1917. The International Commission of Nomenclature has decided
that Pachynathus is to be regarded as a misprint, hence identical with
Pachygnathus.
Chlorurus Swainson, II, 227; haplotype Scarus gibbus Ruppell. A synonym of
Gallyodon or Scarus.
Amphiscarus Swainson, II, 227; Scarus fuscus Griffith. A synonym of Siganus
Forskal.
Sparisoma Swainson, II, 227; haplotype Scarus abildgaardi Bloch. Equivalent to
Scarus Gthr., which it replaces; not Scarus of Forskal, which should
stand as Gallyodon Gronow, if Gronovp's names are allowed.
Hemiulis Swainson, II, 228; logotype Labrus guttatus Bloch, as restricted by
Bonaparte (Fauna Italica, 1841). Swain (1882) chose Gheilio auratus
Q. & G. as type regarding Hemiulis as a synonym of Gheilio. If Hali-
chceres Riippell is regarded as preoccupied by Halichcerus, Hemiulis must
replace it instead of Ghcerojulis Gill.
200 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART U
Cynaedus Swainson, II, 229; logotype Labrus rupestris Bloch, as restricted by
Bonaparte, Labrus tinca, as restricted by Swain. Swainson offers this name
as a substitute for Crenilabrus Cuv.. of which he wrongly assigns Luti-
ANUS verres, a BoDiANUs, as type. Cyn.edus Sw. (not of Gronow or Scopoli)
is a synonym of Ctenolabrus Cuv. & Val.
Astronotus Swainson, II, 229 ; haplotype Lobotes ocellatus Spix. Replaces Acara
Heckel and Hvgrogonus Gthr., 1862.
Thalliurus Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labrus blochi "= Labrus fuligi nosus
Lac. Replaces Hemigymnus Gthr., 1864.
Labristoma Swainson, II, 230; logotype Pseudochromis olivaceus Riippell. A
needless substitute for Pseudochromis Riippell, 1835.
Cichlasoma Swainson, II, 230; haplotype Labrus punctatus Bloch. Called Cich-
laurus on page 173; equivalent to Heros Heckel (1840) as restricted; appar-
ently Cichlaurus should stand.
Ichthycallus Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus julis L., as restricted by Bona-
parte (1839). Swain has chosen (1882) Labrus semipunctatus as type, a
species of CoRis Lac. Jordan later took the first species named, dimidiatus,
as type, a species of Iridio. Ichthycallus is a synonym of Julis Cuv. & Val.
"Chlorichthys and Ichthycallus, confused jumble of species, may well be
disposed of as synonyms of Thalassoma and Coris, respectively, although
several other genera are represented in each." (Swain.)
Eupemis Swainson, II, 232; haplotype Labrus fusiformis Riippell. A synonym of
Cheilio Lac.
Chlorichthys Swainson, II, 232; logotype Labrus bifasciatus Bloch, as restricted
by Swain. Bonaparte selects as type Labrus pavo Hasselquist, a species not
mentioned by Swainson. A synonym of Thalassoma Sw.
Zanclurus Swainson, II, 239; type Histiophorus indicus Cuv. & Val. A synonym
of Istiophorus Lac.
Zyphothyca Swainson, II, 239; type Gempylus coluber Cuv. & Val.; for Xipho-
theca Montague. A synonym of Gempylus Cuv.
Leiurus Swainson, II, 242; logotype Gasterosteus aculeatus L. A synonym of
Gasterosteus L.
Polycanthus Swainson, II, 242; type Gasterosteus spinachia L. A synonym of
Spinachia Fleming, 1825. Polycanthus is also preoccupied.
Chirostoma Swainson, II, 242 ; haplotype Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val.
Meladerma Swainson, II, 243; haplotype M. nigerrima Sw. = Elacate pondi-
cerriana Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Rachycentron Kaup (1826), and of
Elacate Cuv. (1831).
Platylepes Swainson, II, 247 ; haplotype Scomber lactarius B1. & Schn. A syn-
onym of Lactarius Cuv. & Val.
Argyrlepes Swainson, II, 247 ; haplotype Argyrlepes indica Sw., based on Mitta
p^vrah of Russell, pi. 156. a species of Leiognathus. A synonym of
Leiognathus Lac.
Alepes Swainson, II, 248 ; haplotype Alepes melanoptera Sw., based on Wori
parah Russell, pi. 155, apparently the same as Caranx nigripinnis Day,
a species of Hemicaranx ; apparently replaces Hemicaranx Blkr.
Zonichthys Swainson, II, 248; tj-pe Scomber fasciatus Bloch. A section or sub-
genus under Seriola.
Hamiltonia Swainson, II, 250; logotype H. ovata Sw. = Chanda nama Ham.
(fig. 27) as fixed by Swain (1882). Hamiltonia is given as a substitute for
swAiNsoN, 1839 201
Chanda Ham., and the fixation of type for the substitute decides that of the
original name. Chanda nama is the orthotype of Bogoda Blkr., a genus well
detined, Ambassis bogoda being the type species. Swainson's second species,
Chanda lala Ham., which he spells lata, belongs to Blecker's genus
PsEUDAMBASSis. This was chosen as type of Chanda by Fowler, and still
later C. ruconius by Jordan, but Swain's choice of type must hold.
Hamiltonia and Bogoda are therefore both synonyms of Chanda Ham.
Platysomus Swainson, II, 250; logotype Vomer browni Cuv. & Val. A synonym
of Vomer; name preoccupied.
Ctenodon Swainson, H, 255 ; logotype Ctenodon ruppelli Sw. = Ch.etodon sohal
Forskal, not Ctenodon Bon. nor of Ehrenberg. A synonym of Hepatus
Gronow, Teuthis L. and Acanthurus Forskal.
Callicanthus Swainson, H, 256 ; haplotype Aspisurus elegans Riippell = Harpurus
lituratus Forster. A section or genus near Naso.
Zebrasoma Swainson, H, 256; haplotype Acanthurus velifer Bloch.
Xiphichthys Swainson, II. 259; haplotype Gymnetrus russelli Shaw. A synonym
of Reg.\lecus Briinnich. (Also, II, 46.)
Xiphasia Swainson, IT, 259; type "Ziphasia setifer" Sw. Replaces Nemophis
Kaup (1858) and Xiphogadus Gthr. (1862).
Nemotherus (Rafinesque) Swainson (II, 260); orthotype N. erythropterus Raf.
Quoted from Rafinesque's Spccchio delle Science, I, 101, 1815. This is evi-
dently a slip for Nemochirus Raf. Nemotherus (Risso) Costa is a syno-
nym of Trachypterus. Nemochirus seems to be an ally of Stylephorus, as
yet unrecognized.
Ornichthys Swainson, II, 262; logotype Trigla punctata Bloch. .\ synonym of
Prionotus Lac.
Pteroleptus Swainson. II, 264; haplotype Pteroleptus longicauda Sw., (Kodipungx
Russell). A synonym of Pterois Cuv.
Macrochyrus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Scorp^na miles Bennett. A synonym
of Pterois Cuv.
Brachyrus Swainson, II, 264; logotype Pterois zebra Cuv. & Val. A synonym of
Dendrochirus Sw., not Brachyochirus Nardo. Name spelled Brachirus
when first used, page 71.
Pteropterus Swainson, II, 264; haplotype Pterois radiatus Cuv. & Val.
Platypterus Swainson, II, 265 ; logotype T^nionotus latovittatus Lac. Name
preoccupied; replaced by Tetraroge Gthr., 1860.
Pterichthys Swainson, II, 265 ; logotype Scorp.IiNa c.\rinata B1. & Schn. A syn-
onym of Apistus Cuv., to be used if that name is regarded as preoccupied
by Apistes, etc.; not Pterichthus Commerson (1803), nor Pterichthys Ag.
Gymnapistes Swainson, II, 265 ; logotype Apistus marmoratus Cuv. & Val. Re-
places Pentaroge Gthr.
Synanchia ("Cuvier") Swainson, 268; a variant of Synanceja: (S. erosa).
Bufichthys Swainson, II, 268; logotype Scorp.ena horrida L. which is also type
of Synancidium Miiller, 1844. Where Bufichthys is first mentioned on
page 180 it has the definition still earlier assigned to Erosa and here given
to "Synanchia". Gill therefore regards it as a synonym of Erosa Sw.,
rather than as equivalent of Synancidium Miiller.
Trachicephalus Swainson, II, 268; haplotype Synanceia elongata Cuv. & Val.
Preoccupied by Trachycephalus, 1838, a genus of reptiles. Replaced by
Polycaulus Gthr.
202 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Ichthyscopus Swainson, II, 269; logotype Uranoscopus inermis Cuv. & Val. Re-
places Anema Gthr.
Enophrys Swainson, II, 271 ; haplotype Cottus claviger Cuv. & Val.
Gymnocanthus Swainson, II, 271 ; haplotype Cottus ventralis Cuv. & Val. Re-
places Phobetor Kroyer, 1844, and Elaphocottus Sauvage. This name
should read Gymnacanthus. There seems to be no classical warrant for
Swainson's persistent use of "Canthus" (xdvqpog, a donkey) to mean spine
(oixavda).
Canthirhynchus Swainson, II, 272; haplotype Cottus monopterygius Bloch. A
synonym of Aspidophoroides Lac. (1802).
Hippocephalus Swainson, II, 272; logotype Agonus superciliosus Pallas, as
restricted by Gill, 1861. A synonym of Percis Scopoli (1777), not PERas
of Klein, nor of Cuvier.
Chirolophis Swainson, II, 275 ; haplotype Blennius yaerelli Cuv. & Val. — Blen-
Nius ascanii Walbaum. Replaces Blenniops Nilsson (1855) and Carelophus
LOPHUS Kroyer.
Erpichthys Swainson, II, 275; logotype Salarias quadripinnis Riippell. A syno-
nym of Salarias Cuv.
Rupiscartes Swainson, II, 275; haplotype S.\larias alticus Cuv. & Val. = Blen-
nius TRiDACTYLUS Bl. & Schn. Equivalent to Alticus Commerson, but the
latter may not be eligible
Cirripectes Swainson, II, 275 ; haplotype Salarias variolosus Cuv. & Val. A syn-
onym of Alticus or Rupiscartes.
Blennophis Swainson, II, 276; logotype Clinus anguillaris Cuv. & Val., not
Blennophis Val. (1844), which is Ophioblennius Gill.
Labrisomus Swainson, II, 277; logotype Clinus pectinifer Cuv. & Val. Often
written Labrosomus ; replaces Lepisoma Dekay, 1842.
Ophisomus Swainson, II, 277; haplotj'pe Blennius gunnellus L. Substitute for
Gunnellus Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Pholis Scopoli (1777) and Mur^-
NOiDES Lac. (1803).
Ognichodes Swainson, II, 278; type Gobioides broussonneti Lac, a needless
substitute for Gobioides Lac. Same as Amblyopus Cuv. & Val.
Scartelaos Swainson, II, 279; logotype Gobius viridis Ham. Replaces Boleops
Gill, 1863.
Ruppellia (misprinted Rupellia) Swainson, II. 281; orthotype Gobius echino-
CEPHALUs Ruppell. Preoccupied, replaced by Paragobiodon Blkr. (1879).
Amphichthys Swainson, II, 282; haplotype Batrachus rubigenes Sw., from
Pernambuco. This fish is said to have but one dorsal fin and no teeth on the
palate. It is undoubtedly based on Batrachus cryptocentrus Cuv. & Val. It
therefore replaces Marcgravia Jordan (1886) as also the substitute name,
Marcgravichthys Ribeiro.
Salmophasia Swainson, II, 284 ; logotype Cyprinus bacalla Ham. (S. oblonga Sw.).
Called Salmostoma on page 184. A synonym of Salmostoma, which replaces
Securicula Gthr. 1868).
Chedrus Swainson, II, 285; haplotype Chedrus grayi Sw. = Cyprinus chedra
Ham. A synonym of Barilius Ham.
Esomus Swainson, II, 285; haplotype Esomus vittatus Sw. = Cyprinus daltrica
Ham. Replaces Nuria Cuv. & Val. (1842).
Clupisudis Swainson, II, 286; haplotype Sudis nilotica Ehrenb. Replaces Hete-
rotis Ehrenb. (1843).
swAiNsoN, 1839 203
Laurida Swainson, II, 287 ; logotype Salmo fcetens L. A synonym of Synodus
Bl. & Schn.
Triurus Swainson, II, 288; haplotype Triurus microcephalus Sw. = Osmerus
NEHEREUS Ham. A synonym of Harpodon Le Sueur. Preoccupied by Triurus
Lac. (1800).
Mormyrhynchus Swainson, II, 291 ; haplotype M. gronovii Sw. — Anostomus
Gronow. Same as Anostomus (Gronow), Scopoli (1777) = Schizodon
Ag., 1829).
Trichosoma Swainson, II, 292; haplotype Trichosoma Hamilton: Sw. ; preoccupied
by Trichosomus Sw., 265; and by Trichosoma Rudolphi (1819), a genus of
worms. Equivalent to Thrissa Cuv. (1817), not of Rafinesque (1815) ;
replaced by Thrissocles Jordan (1917).
Setipinna Swainson, II, 292; logotype Clupea phasa Ham. (Setipinna megalura
Sw.). Replaces Telara Gthr. (1868).
Platygaster Swainson, II, 294; logotype Clupea africana Bloch. Preoccupied in
bees, 1809. A synonym of Ilisha Gray, 1846.
Cypselurus Swainson, II, 296 (misprinted Cypsilurus) ; logotype Exoccetus
nuttalli Le Sueur = Exoccetus furcatus Mitchill. Based on a young
example, with barbel at the chin. In view of Swainson's general carelessness
and of the irregularity of his proof-reading, the form Cypsilurus has been
officially deemed a misprint by the International Communion of Nomenclature.
Same as Ptenichthys Miiller, 1843.
Ramphistoma (Rafinesque) Swainson, 296 orthotype R. vulgaris Sw., same as
Belone Cuv.
Leptodes Swainson, II, 298 ; logotype Chauliodus sloani Bl. & Schn. A synonym
of Chauliodus Bl. & Schn., (1801).
Tilesia Swainson, II, 300 ; orthotype Gadus gracilis Tilesius ; synonym of Eleginus
Fischer.
Cephus Swainson, II, 300; haplotype Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. A synonym
of Gadus L.
Lepidion Swainson, II, 300 ; haplStype Gadus lepidion Risso = Lepidion rubescens
Sw., regarded as preoccupied by Lepidea (1817), a genus of worms; replaced
by Haloporphyrus Gthr. (1862).
Psetta (Aristotle) Swainson, II 302; haplotype Pleuronectes maximus L. Suf-
ficiently distinct from Psettus Cuv.
Platophrys Swaison, II, 302 ; haplotype Pleuronectes ocellatus Spix & Ag.
Replaces Rhomboidichthys Blkr. (1856).
Brachirus Swainson, II, 303; logotype Pleuronectes orientalis Bl. & Schn.
Preoccupied by Brachirus and Brachyrus Sw. ; replaced by Euryglossa
Kaup (1858).
Plagusia (Browne) Swainson, 302; orthotype P. bilineata Bloch; name pre-
occupied, same as Paraplagusia Blkr.
Sturisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotype Loricaria rostrata Spix.
Hoplisoma Swainson, II, 304; haplotype Cataphractus punctatus Bloch = Cory-
dor as geoffroyi Lac. A synonym of Corydoras Lac, 1803.
Silonia Swainson, II, 305; logotype Pimelodus silondia Ham. = Silonia lurida
Sw. Replaces Silundia Cuv. & Val. (1830).
Felichthys Swainson, II, 305; logotype, as restricted by Swainson and Bleeker,
F. filamentosus Sw. — Arius bahiensis Castelnau. Name a substitute
for Breviceps Sw., preoccupied; a synonym of Bagre (Cuv.) Oken (1817),
as restricted through tautonymy.
204 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Cyclopium Swainson, II, 305; haplotype Pimelodus cyclopum Humboldt — Cv-
CLOPiuM HUMBOLDTi Sw. Replaces Stygogenes Gthr. (1864).
Clupisoma Swainson, II, 306; haplotype Silurus garua Ham., Clupisoma ar-
GENTATA Sw. Replaces Schilbeichthys Blkr., 1858.
Pachypterus Swainson, II, 306; logotype Silurus atherinoides Bloch. Preoccu-
pied in Coleoptera (1833) ; replaced by Pseudeutropius Blkr. (1863).
Pusichthys Swainson, II, 307; haplotype Schilbe uranoscopus Riippell. A syno-
nym of Schilbe Cuv. (1817).
Cotylephorus Swainson, II, 308; haplotype Platystacus cotylephorus Bloch =
C. BLocHi Sw. A synonym of Platystacus Bloch, and of Aspredo (Gronow)
(Scopoli).
Pteronotus Swainson, II, 309; haplotype Heterobranchus sextentaculatus Ag.
Preoccupied in mollusks ; gives way to Rhamdia Blkr. (1858).
Diacantha Swainson, II, 310; logotype Diacantha zebra Sw. = Cobitis geto
Ham. (pi. 11). A synonym of Botia Gray, 1831.
Canthophrys Swainson, II, 310; logotype Canthophrys albescens Sw., based on
Cobitis No. 3, Hamilton. Said by Swain to be a species of Botia Gray (1831).
Acoura Swainson, II, 310; logotype Cobitis savona Ham. (Acoura obscura Sw.).
A synonym of Nemacheilus Van Hasselt ; spelled Acourus on an earlier
page.
Somileptes Swainson II, 311; logotype S. bispinosa Sw. = Cobitis gongota Ham.
A synonym of Cobitis L., 1758.
Platysqualus Swainson, II, 311; logotype Squalus tiburo Sw. (not of L.),
based on a figure by Russell, representing Sphyrna tudes Cuv. A syno-
nym of Sphyrna Raf.
Pterocephala Swainson, II, 321 ; haplotype Raja giorna Lac. A synonym of
Morula Raf.
Tetrosomus Swainson, II, 323; haplotype Ostracion turritus Forskal. A section
of Ostracion L.
Rhinesomus Swainson, II, 324; logotype Ostracion triqueter Bloch. A synonym
of Lactophrys Sw.
Lactophrys Swainson. II, 324; logotype Ostracion trigonum L.
Platycanthus Swainson, II, 324; haplotype Ostracion auritus Shaw. A synonym
of Aracana Gray.
Rhinecanthus Swainson, II, 325 ; logotype Balistes ornatissimus Lesson = Bal-
isTES ACULEATUS L. A synonym of Balistapus Tilesius.
Zenodon (Riippell) Swainson, II, 194, 325; orthotype Balistes Niger Lac. This'
name Zenodon. being ascribed to Riippell, is probably a careless misprint of
Xenodon Riippell. Preoccupied in reptiles by Xenodon Boie, 1827. The name
is spelled Zenodon on page 194 also. Zenodon is, however, accepted by
Fowler (1904). If adopted, it replaces Odonus Gistel (1848), Erythrodon
Riippell (1852) and Pyrodon Kaup (1855) — all substitutes offered for
Xenodon.
Chalisoma Swainson, II, 325; logotype Balistes pulcherrimus Lesson =^ Balistes
vetula L. a synonym of Balistes L.
Canthidermis Swainson, II, 325 : logotype Balistes angulosus Q. & G.
Melichthys Swainson, II. 325; logotype Balistes ringens Osbeck (not of L.).
Name changed to Melanichthys by Gthr. (1870).
Capriscus (Willughby) Swainson, II, 326; logotype Balistes erythropteron
Lesson ; a synonym of Balistapus Tilesius.
swAiNsoN. 1839 205
Leiurus Swainson, II, 326; logotype Leiurus macrophthalmus S\v., based on
Lama yellakah Russell, pi. 22 = Balistes stellaris B1. & Schn. Name
preoccupied by Leiurus Sw. (p. 242) ; replaced by Abalistes Jordan &
Scale (1911).
Chaetodermis Swainson, II, 111 ; logotype Monocanthus spinosissmus Q. & G.
Psilocephalus Swainson, II, 327; haplotype Balistes barbatus Gray. Substitute
for Anacanthus Gray (1831), which is preoccupied by Ehrenberg, 1829.
Cantherines Swainson, II, 327; haplotype Monacanthus nasutus Q. & G.
Replaces Liomonacanthus Blkr. (1866).
Cirrhisomus Swainson, II, 328; haplotype Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. Same as
Cheilichthys Miiller, a synonym of Spheroides Dum.
Leisomus Swainson, II, 328 ; logotype L. marmoratus Sw. = Tetr.vodon cutcutia
Ham., as restricted by Blekeer, 1865. The genus is called Leiodon on page
194, without mention of type. Leisomus is preoccupied. Leiodon replaces
MoNOTRETA Bibron. Swain restricts Leisomus and therefore Leiodon, to the
first species named, L. l^vissimus Sw., a species of Spheroides (Tetraodon
spengleri Bloch).
Lagocephalus Swainson, II, 328; logotype Tetraodon stellatus Donovan. Re-
places Gastrophysus Miiller.
Trichoderma Swainson, II, 328; logotype Balistes scapus Lac. A synonym of
A. manses Gray (1833).
Psilonotus Swainson. II, 328 ; logotype Tetraodon rostratus Bloch. Called Can-
Thigaster on page 194, and therefore a synonym of the latter.
Molacanthus Swainson, II, 329; logotype Molacanthus pallasi Sw. = Diodon
mola Pallas. Young of Mola Kolr. = Mola Guv.
Astrocanthus Swainson, II, 331 ; haplotype Lophius stell.\tus Vahl. A synonym
of Halieut^a Cuv. & Val., 1837.
Phyllopteryx Swainson, II, 332; haplotype Syngnathus foliatus Shaw.
Acus (Willughby) Swainson, II. a7>\ logotype Syngnathus .eouoreus "Yarrell".
A synonym of Nerophis Raf.
Solegnathus Swainson, II, ZTii ; haplotype Syngnathus hardwicki Gray. Spelled
Solenognathus by Giinther.
Ophisoma Swainson, II, 334; logotype O. acuta Sw., as restricted by Bleeker
(1864). Swain, in 1882, chose O. obtusa Sw. as type. The latter species is a
Conger, the former belongs to Congermur.«na Kaup, as restricted. The
name is preoccupied by Ophisomus Sw., page 277. It is called Ariosoma on
page 194. Ariosoma thus replaces Congermur^na Kaup, and also Con-
grellus Ogilby, all based on the same type, earlier described as Mur^na
balearica De la Roche.
Pterurus Swainson, II, 334, logotype Pterurus maculatus Sw. = Mur^na
raitoborua Ham. A synonym of Raitaboura Gray (1831) or Moringua
Gray (1831).
Leptognathus Swainson, I, 221, and II, 334; haplotype "Leptognathus oxyrhyn-
chus Sw. = MuR^NA serpens L. A synonym of Ophisurus Lac, as
restricted by Risso.
Pachyurus Swainson. II, 335; haplotype Moringua linearis Gray; preoccupied by
Pachvubus Ag. (1829). A synonym of Pseudomoringua Blkr. (1864).
Ophichthys Swainson, II, 336; haplotype Unibranchapertura cuchia Ham.
Name preoccupied by Ophichthus Ahl. (1789). A synonym of Amphip-
Nous Miiller (1839).
206 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Rupisuga Swainsoiij II, 339; haplotype R. nicensis Sw. — Lepodogaster balbis
Risso. A synonym of Gouania Nardo (1833).
1840
252. BENNETT (1840). Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Around the Globe.
F. D. Bennett.
Elagatis F. D. Bennett, II, 283; orthotype Seriola bipinnulata Q .& G.
253. BONAPARTE (1840). Iconografia della fauna italica. Fascicles 68 to 138,
part 27. According to Troschel, fascicle 91 dates from 1837, 92 to 96 from
1838, 103 from 1839, and fascicle 138 dates from 1840.
Carlo Luciano Bonaparte.
Stomocatus Bonaparte, 129*; logotype (not named) Cyprinus catostomus Forster.
A synonym of Catostomus Le Sueur; species with the dorsal hn short,
"especie . . . che han breve la pinna dorsale".
Ichthyocoris Bonaparte, fasc. 134; orthotype Blennius varus Risso. A synonym
of Blennius L.
Ichthyococcus Bonaparte, fasc. 138; orthotype I. ovatus Bon. Name later altered
by Giinther to Coccia on account of its crude form (1840).
Lampanyctus Bonaparte, fasc. 138; orthotype L. bonapartei Bon.
Chlorophthalmus Bonaparte, fasc. 138 ; orthotype C. agassizi Bon.
254. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1840) Histoire naturelle des poissons. XV.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Galeichthys Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 28 ; logotype Galeichthys feliceps Cuv. &
Val., as restricted by Bleeker.
Pangasius Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 45; tautotype Pimelodus pangasius Ham.
Silundia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 49; tautotype Pimelodus silondia Ham.
A synonym of Silonia Sw .
Arius Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 53; tautotype Pimelodus arius Ham. As so
understood, a synonym of Tachysurus Lac, if the latter is correctly identi-
fied. Bleeker takes the first species named, Arius stricticassis Cuv. & Val,
as type, thus replacing Notarius Gill.
Trachelyopterus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 220; orthotype T. coriaceus Cuv. &
Val.
Arges Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 2>2)Z ; logotype Arges sabalo Cuv. & Val.
Brontes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 341 ; haplotype Brontes prenadilla Cuv. &
Val. Name two or three times preoccupied ; replaced by Strephon Gistel
(1848).
Saccobranchus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 399 haplotype Silurus singio Ham. ==
Heteropneustes Miiller, 1839.
Chaca Cuvier & Valenciennes, XV, 444 ; haplotype Platystacus chaca Ham.
255. EICHWALD (1840). (Fossil Fishes.) Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg.
Carl Eduard von Eichwald.
Astrolepis Eichwald, VIII, 79; orthotype A. ornatus Eichw. (fossil). Later spelled
AsTEROLEPis by Eichwald and by most writers.
Bothriolepis Eichwald, VII, 79; orthotype B. prisca Eichw. (fossil).
HECKEi.. 1840 207
256. MECKEL (1840). Johann batterer's ncuc FlussHsche Brasilien's nach den
Beohachtungcn unci Mittheilnngen des Entdeckers beschrieben. Abth. 1, Die
Labroiden. Ann. Wien. Mus., II.
Johann Jakob Heckel.
Uaru Heckel, II, 330; orthotjpe U. amphacanthoides Heckel.
Symphysodon Heckel, II, 2)2i2; orthotype S discus Heckel.
Pterophyllum Heckel, II, 334; orthotype Platax scalaris Cuv. & Val.
Acara Heckel, II, 338; logotype A. crassispinis Heckel, as restricted by Gill
(1858). A synonym of Astronotus Sw. (Hygrogonus Gthr.).
Heros Heckel, II, 362; logotype H. severus Heckel, as restricted by J. & G., 1883.
A synonym of Cichlaurus or Cichlasoma Sw.
Geophagus Heckel, II, 383; logotype G. megasema Heckel.
Chaetobranchus Heckel, II, 401 ; logotype C. flavescens Heckel.
Crenicichla Heckel, II, 416; logotype C. vittata Heckel.
Batrachops Heckel, II, 432; logotype B. reticulatus Heckel.
Monocirrhus Heckel II, 439; orthotype M. polyacanthus Heckel.
257. LOWE (1840). Certain New Species of Madeiran Fishes. Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 36-39.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Cheilopogon Lowe, VII, 38; orthotype Cypselurus pulchellus Lowe. A manu-
script name, withdrawn because of the earlier name Cypselurus Sw. Applied
to young flying fish with barbels ; equivalent also to Ptenichthys Miiller.
258. MONSTER (1840). Ueber einige Placoiden im Kupferschiefer zu Richsels-
dorf ; Beitrdge sur P etrefactenkunde .
GeORG MiJNSTER.
Dictea Miinster, HI, 124; otrhotype D. striata Miinster (fossil). A synonym of
Janassa Miinster.
259-261. MONSTER (1840). (Braun, Petrefakten von Bayreuth.)
GeORG MiJNSTER.
Saurorhynchus (Miinster) Braun, 72 (not defined) ; orthotype Saurichthys tenui-
ROSTRis (Miinster) (fossil). Name apparently eligible, as being applied to a
species already described.
262. NORDMANN (1840). Observations sur la fauna pontique; im Demidoff,
voyage dans la Russie meridionale et la Crimee. III.
Alexander von Nordmann.
Percarina Nordmann, 357 ; orthotype P. demidoffi Nordmann.
263. OWEN (1840). Odontography; or a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy
of the Teeth.
Richard Owen.
Petalodus Owen, 61; orthotype P. Hastings: Owen (fossil).
Rhizodus Owen, 75; orthotype Megalichthys hibberti Ag. (fossil). A synonym
of Megalichthys Ag.
264. RANZANI (1840). De novis speciebus piscium; dissertationes quottior.
Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon., IV.
Camillo Ranzani.
Syacium Ranzani, 20; orthotype S. micrurum Ranzani. Replaces Hemirhombus
Blkr. (1862).
208 THF. GENERA OF FISHES. PART II
Diapterus Ranzani, IV. 340; orthotype D. auratus Ranzani. Replaces Gerres
J. & E. ; not of Cuvier as properly restricted.
265. RICHARDSON (1840). On Some New Species of Fishes from Australia.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, VIII.
John Richardson.
Oplegnathus Richardson, 27 ; orthotype O. convaii Rich. Name later corrected by
Richardson to Hoplegnathus conwayi; altered by Giinther to Hoplognathus,
in which form it is preoccupied. If necessary, may be replaced by Scarodon
T. & S.
266. THOMPSON (1840). On a New Genus of Fishes from India (Bregmaceros
wacclellandi Cantor, MS.). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV.
William Thompon.
Bregmaceros (Cantor) Thompson, IV, 184; orthotype B. macclellandi (Cantor)
Thompson.
1841
267. AGASSIZ ( 1841 ) . On the Fossil Fishes Found by Mr. Gardner in the Province
of Ceard, in the North of Brazil. Edinb. New Philos. Journ., XXX.
Louis Agassiz.
Cladocyclus Agassiz, XXX, 83; orthotype C. gardneri Ag. (fossil).
Rhacolepis Agassiz, XXX, 83; logotype R. buccalis Ag. (fossil). (Misprinted
Phacolepis.)
Calamopleurus Agassiz, XXX, 84; orthotype C. cylindricus Ag. (fossil). This
genus belongs to the Elopid^, near to Elops, Rhacolepis and Notelops. See
Jordan & Branner, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 1793-1908 ("Cretaceous Fishes of
Ceara, Brazil").
268. BONAPARTE (1841). Iconografia della fauna italica. 3d part (fascicles
156-160 dating probably 1841).
Carlo Luciano Bonai*arte.
Pristiurus Bonaparte (1841) ; orthotype Galeus melastomus Raf. (Written
Pristiurus in Saggio, p. 121, 1831, and in Fauna Italica. Called Pristidurus
in Mem Soc. Sci. Neufchdtel, II, p. 11, 1839), Pristiurus is the form in
general use, but Pristidurus may have priority of definition.
Syrraxis (Jourdan) Bonaparte, fasc. 160; orthotype Narcine (Syrraxis)indica
Henle. Manuscript name based on specimens in the Museum of Lyons "ben
ordinato di celebri Prof. Jourdan," identified by Bonaparte as Narcine indica
Henle. A synonym of Narcine Henle.
Agassiz quotes also a genus "Poweria Bonaparte". This is certainly
an error. Troschel writes. "Gon. powerle" for Gonostoma. This was doubt-
less mistaken for "Gen."
269. EICHWALD (1841). Fauna Caspio-Caucasica non nullis observationibus novis
illnstrata. St. Petersburg.
Carl Eduard von Eichwald.
Sypterus Eichvi'ald ; orthotype (Perca loph.\r Forskal). A synonym of Pomato-
Mus Lac. (not verified).
270. FLEMING (1841). Description of a New Species of Skate (Hieroptera ahrc-
donensis) New to the British Fauna. Edinb. New Phil. Journ., XXXI, 1841.
John Fleming (1785-1857).
HFXKKL. 1841 20')
Hieroptera Fleming, XXXI, 236; orthotype H. abredonensis Fleming (a monstrous
form of Raja clavata iide Gill). A synonym of Raja L.
271. MECKEL (1841). Ueber eine neiie Gattung (Aulopyge hugeli) von Siiss-
wasserfische in Europa; aiis einen Schreiben an den Akademiker Dr. Brandt.
Bull. Sci. Acad. St. Petersb., VIII.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Aulopyge (Brandt) Heckel, I, 1021; orthotype A. hugeli Heckel (also in Russeg-
i^cr's Reiscn, p. 1021).
272. HOGG (1841). (Protomeius and Amphibichthys.) Am. Mag. Xat. Hist., VII.
John Hogg.
Protomeius Hogg, VII, 359 ; orthotype Lepidosiren annectens Owen. A syno-
nym of Protopterus Owen.
Amphibichthys Hogg, 362; orthotype Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger. A synonym
. of Lepidosiren Fitzinger.
273. LOWE (1841). Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira, etc. Trans. Zool. Soc.
London, II.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Aplurus Lowe, II, 180; orthotype A. simplex Lowe. A synonym of Ruvettus
Cocco.
Prometheus Lowe, II. 181 ; orthotype Gempylus prometheus Cuv. & Val. Name
preoccupied; replaced by Promethichthys Gill (1893).
274. MILLER (1841). The Old Red Sandstone; or Nezv Walks in an Old Field.
Edinburgh.
Hugh Miller (1802-1856).
Pterichthys (Agassiz) Miller, XXII; orthotype P. milleri Ag. (fossil). Name
preoccupied — Swainson (1839) ; replaced by Pterichthyodes Blkr. (1839 and
by Millerichthys S. A. Miller, 1892.
275. MtJNSTER (1841). (Asterodon.) Beitrage zur Petrefaktenkunde, IV.
GeORG MiJNSTER.
Asterodon Miinster, IV, 140; orthotype A. bronni Miinster (fossil). Probably
identical with Colobodus Ag. and of earlier date.
276. NARDO (1841). Proposizione per la formazioni di tin nuovo generi di pesci,
intitolato Brachyochirus. Ann. Sci. Reale Lombardo-Veneto, Padova.
Giovanni Domenico Nardo.
Brachyochirus Nardo I; orthotype Gobius aphya Risso = Gobius minutus L.
A section of Gobius; same as Pomatoschistus Gill (1862). Perhaps to be
regarded as preoccupied by Brachyrus and Brachirus of Swainson (1839) of
similar etymology.
277 OWEN (1841). On the Structure of Fossil Teeth from the Central of Corn^
stone Division of the Old Red Sandstone, Indicative of a Nezv Genus of Fishes,
or Fish-like Batrachia, etc. Micr. Journ., I.
Richard Owen.
Dendrodus Owen, I, 4; logotype D. biporcatus Owen (fossil).
Sphyraenodus (Agassiz) Owen, 129; orthotype S. priscus Ag. (fossil). Names
only ; validated by Agassiz in 1844.
210 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II '
278. SYKES (1840). The Fishes of Dukhun. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV.
William Henry Sykes.
Rohtee Sykes, H, 364; orthotype R. vigorsi Sykes. Replaces Osteobrama Heckel.
1842
279. AGASSIZ (1942). (Diplacanthus.) In DwTs Geology of Moray.
Louis Agassiz.
Diplacanthus (Agassiz) Duff, 71 ; orthotype D. crassissimus Duff = D. striatus
Ag. (fossil) ; more fully defined in Poissons fossiles Vieux Grcs Rouge.
Name misspelled Diplocanthus by Duff.
280. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1842). Histoire natitrelle des poissons. XVI.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Dangila Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 229; logotype Dangila cuvieri Val.
Nuria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 238; logotype Nuria thermoicos Cuv. & Val.
A synonym of Esomus Sw.
Rohita Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 242; tautotype Cyprinus rohita Ham., Rohita
RUCHANANi Val. Apparently identical with Labeo Cuv.
Capoeta Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVI, 278; tautotype Capoeta fundulus Val. =
Cyprinus capoeta Giildenstadt (logotype C. amphibia Cuv. & Val.) as
restricted by Bleeker.
281. DEKAY (1842). Zoology of New York; or. The New York Fauna. Com-
prising Detailed Descriptions of All the Animals Hitherto Observed Within
the State Borders, etc. Natural History of New York State Geological Survey,
Albany.
James Ellsworth Dekay (1792-1851).
Lepisoma Dekay, 11 ; orthotype L. cirrhosum Dekay = Clinus pectinifer Cuv. &
Val. Regarded as preoccupied in beetles by Lepisomus Kirby. A synonym
of Labrosomus Sw.
Pileoma Dekay, 16 ; haplotype Pileoma semifasciata Dekay = Etheostoma caprodes
Raf. A synonym of Percina Haldeman, of earlier date in the same year.
Boleosoma Dekay, 20; haplotype B. tessellatum Dekay = Etheostoma olmstedi
Storer.
Uranidea Dekay, 61 ; haplotype Uranidea quiescens Dekay.
Apeltes Dekay, 68; orthotype Gasterosteus quadracus Mitchill.
Argyrea Dekay, 141 ; haplotype Atherina notata Mitchill. Name preoccupied ; a
synonym of Menidia Bon.
Amblyopsis Dekay, 187; haplotype Amblyopsis spel.eus Dekay.
Stilbe Dekay, 204; haplotype Cyprinus crysoleucas Mitchill. A synonym of No-
TEMIGONUS Raf.
Baione Dekay, 244 ; haplotype B. fontinalis Dekay (the young of Salmo fontinalis
Mitchill). A synonym of Salvelinus Rich., 1836.
Acanthosoma Dekay, 350; orthotype A. carinatum Dekay. Same as Molacanthus
Sw., a larval form of Mola Cuv.
Pastinaca (Belon) Dekay, ZJZ ; orthotype Raja pastinaca L. Name used for the
same genus by several authors. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf.
282. GRAY (1842). Description of Two Fresh-water Fish from Netv Zealand.
(In Dieffenbach, Ernst: Travels in New Zealand. II.)
John Edward Gray.
iiAi.nKM.w. 1842 211
Ptycholepis Graj-, II, 218; orthotypc Much, salmoneus Forster. A synonym of
Changs Lac.
283. IIALDEMAN (1842). Description of Tzvo Nezv Species of the Genus Pcrca,
from the Stisquehannah River. Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist.
Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1712-1890).
Percina Haldeman, VIII, 330; logotype Perca nebulosa Haldeman = Etheostoma
CAPRODES Raf. Same as Pileoma Dekay and a little earlier in date.
284. HECKEL (1842). Ichthyologie (von SyrienJ. In Russegger (Joseph von) :
Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, etc. Part I.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Gibelion Heckel, I, 1014; orthotype Cyprinus catla Ham. Replaces Catla Cuv. &
Val.
Cyprinion Heckel, I, 1015 ; logotype C. macrostomus Heckel.
Dillonia Heckel, I, 1020; orthotype Chondrostoma dilloni Cuv. & Val.
Scaphiodon Heckel, I, 1020; logotype S. tinca Heckel.
Gymnostomus Heckel, I, 1030; logotype G. ariza Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker
(1860) ; logotype CAPoiixA syriaca Cuv. & Val., as limited by Giinther (1868).
Apparently replaces Tylognathus Gthr., but not of Heckel.
Chondrochilus Heckel, I, 1031 ; orthotype C. nasicus. A synonym of Chon-
drostoma Ag.
Chondrorhynchus Heckel, I, 1031 ; logotype Ch. soetta Heckel. A synonym of
Chondrostoma Ag.
Ballerus Heckel, I, 1032; tautotype Cyprinus ballerus L.
Acanthobrama Heckel, I, 1033 ; logotype A. marmid Heckel, as restricted by Bleeker.
Osteobrama Heckel, I, 1033 ; logotype Cyprinus cotio Ham. A synonym of Rohtee
Sykes (1841).
Pachystomus Heckel, I, 1038; orthotype P. schacra Heckel. Name preoccupied.
Same as Shacra Blkr.
Argyreus Heckel, I. 1040; haplotype Cyprinus atronasus Mitchill. Name pre-
occupied. Equivalent to Rhinichthys Ag., 1850.
Leucosomus Heckel, I. 1042; haplotype L. chrysoleucus Heckel, not of Mitchill =
Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill. Considered as preoccupied by Leucosoma
Gray; replaced by Cheilonemus Baird (1855).
Glossodon Heckel, I, 1003; haplotype Cyprinus smithi Rich.; identical with the
type of Glossodon Raf. (1818). A synonym of Hiodon Le Sueur (1818).
Luciobarbus Heckel, I, 1054; orthotype L. esocinus Heckel.
Pseudophoxinus Heckel, I, 1063 ; orthotype Phoxinellus zeregi Heckel.
Discognathus Heckel, I, 1071 ; logotype D. variabilis Heckel, as restricted by
Bleeker, 1863. A synonym of Garra Ham., as restricted by Bleeker.
Tylognathus Heckel, I, 1073; logotype T. diplostomus Heckel. as restricted by
Bleeker, 1863, not Tylognathus, as restricted by Giinther, 1868.
285. JENYNS (1842). The Zoology of the Voyage of H.MS. "Beagle", Dining
the Years 1832-1836; edited by Charles Darzvin: Fishes. London.
Leonard Jenyns (1800-1893) (afterwards Leonard Jenyns Blomefield).
Arripis Jenyns, 14; orthotype Centropristes georgianus Cuv. & Val.
Prionodes Jenyns, 46; orthotype P. fasciatus Jenyns.
Stegastes Jenyns, 63; orthotype S. imbricatus Jenyns = Ch.etodon luridus
Broussonet. This is probably identical with Microspathodon Gthr., 1862, and
of earlier date.
212 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Acanthoclinus Jenyns, 92 ; orthotype A. fuscus Jenyns.
Mesites Jenyns, 118 ; orthotype M. attenuatus Jenyns. A synonym of Galaxias Cuv.
Aplochiton Jenyns, 130 ; orthotype A. zebra Jenyns. Spelled Haplochiton by
Gunther.
Iluocoetes Jenyns, 166; orthotype I. fimbriatus Jenyns.
Phucocoetes Jenyns, 168 ; orthotype P. latitans Jenyns.
286. McClelland (1842). Remarks on a Nezv Genus of Thoracic Percoid
Fishes, Ccstrcus. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, IV.
John McClelland.
Cestreus McClelland, II, 150, 151 ; orthotype C. minimus McCl. = Atherina
DANius Ham. An ally of Eleotris, near Hypseleotris, Carassops, etc.,
small species with the habit of Gambusia. D. V-9:A. 12. vertebrae 26, outer
teeth minute, hooked (not "forked," as stated by Day).
287. McClelland (1842). On the Fresh-water Fishes Collected by William
Griffin in His Travels, from 1835 to 1842. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, II,
560-589.
John McClelland.
Racoma McClelland, II, 576; logotype R. labiata McCI., according to Bleeker.
Glyptosternon McCllelland, II, 584 ; logotype G. reticulatus McCl. Spelled Glyp-
tosternum by Gunther.
Olyra McClelland, II, 588; logotype O. longicaudata McCl.
288. MtJNSTER (1842). Beschreibungen ciniger neucr Fische aus den lithographi-
schen Schicfern von Bayern. Beitrage zur Petrefaktenkunde.
Georg Munster.
Dorypterus (Germar) Munster, V. 35; orthotype D. hoffmanni Germar (fossil).
Globulodus Miinster, V, 47; orthotype T. elegans Miinster (fossil).
Thaumas Miinster, V. 62; orthotype T. alifer Munster (fossil). A fossil homo
logue of Squatina Dum.
Capitodus Miinster, V, 68; orthotpe C. subtruncatus Miinster (fossil).
Soricidens Miinster, V. 68; orthotype S. haueri Miinster (fossil).
289. MUNSTER (1842) Neucs Jahrb. fur Mineralogie, etc.
Georg Munster.
.ffithalion Miinster, 41; logotype A. inflatus Munster (fossil).
Libys Munster, 45; orthotype L. polyjterus Miinster (fossil).
290. OWEN (1842). (Raphiosaurus.) Trans. Geol. Soc, London.
Richard Owen.
Raphiosaurus Owen, VI, 413; orthotype R. subulidens Owen (fossil).
291. RICHARDSON (1842). Catalogue of Fish Found at King George's Sound.
(In Eyre, E. J.: Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Aus-
tralia. I.)
John Richardson.
Centrogenys Richardson, IX, 120; orthotype Scorp.^na vaigiensis Blkr.
292. SCHOMBURGK (1842). The Natural History of the Fishes of (British)
Guiana. Edinburgh.
Robert Hermann Schomburgk.
Ellipesurus Schomburgk, II, 184; orthotype E. spinicauda Schomburgk (misprinted
Elipesurus).
TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1842 213
293. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1842). Fauna Japonka, she descriptio ani-
»ialium quce in itinere per Japoniam suscepto annis 1823-30 collegit, notii
observationibus ct adiimbrationibus illustravit P. F. de Sicbold. Conjunctis
studiis C. J. Temminck et H. Schlcgel pro vertcbratis, atqtie IV. de Haan pro
invertebratis elaborata. (Part IR, Pisces.) Edited by Carl Theodor Ernst
von Siebold, the text of fishes mostly by Hermann Schlegel.
CcENRAAD Jacob Temminck (1770-1858) ; Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884).
Temminck and Schlegel gave no specific names when but one species oc-
curred in the genus. The names of type species have been given by subse-
quent w^riters.
Perca-Labrax Temminck & Schlegel, 2 ; orthotype Labrax japonicus Cuv. & Val.
Name rejected by Bleeker and by Boulenger because no new genus was intended,
Labrax being merely entered as a subgenus of Perca. Replaced by Lateola-
BRAX Blkr. But an argument can be made for the retention of Percalabrax.
Aulacocephalus Temminck & Schlegel, 15; orthotype A. temmincki Blkr.
Anoplus Temminck & Schlegel, 17 ; orthotype Anopolus banjos Rich. Name pre-
occupied; replaced by Banjos Blkr. (1879).
294. VALENCIENNES (1842). Determination des poissons: Voyage autour du
monde . . . sur . . . la "Bonite," etc. Zoologie, I, Paris.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Oxuderces Valenciennes, 181 ; orthotype O. dentatus Val.
1843.
295. AGASSIZ (1843). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. Ill, in part.
Louis Agassiz.
Orthacanthus Agassiz, III, pi. 45; orthotype O. cylindricus Ag. (fossil). Regarded
by Woodward as a synonym of Pleuracanthus Ag., which preoccupied name
it may replace.
Pleurodus Agassiz, III, 174; orthotype P. rankinei Ag. (fossil). No definition
until accepted by Hancock and Althey, 1872. Regarded as preoccupied by
Pleurodon (1840), replaced by Pleuroplax Woodw., 1889.
Cladacanthus Agassiz, III, 176; orthotype C. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name only,
defined first by Davis. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc., I, 1883, 365. A synonym of
Erismacanthus.
Cricacanthus Agassiz, III, 176; orthotype C. jonisi Ag. Name only, hence having
no place in the system.
Gyropristis Agassiz, III, 177; orthotype G. obliquus Ag. Name only, hence with-
out place in the system.
Cladodus Agassiz, III, 196; logotype C. mirabilis Ag. (fossil).
Sphenonchus Agassiz, III, 201; logotype S. elongatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym, as
restricted, of Acrodus Ag.
Diplodus Agassiz, III, 204; logotype D. gibbosus Ag. (fossil). Regarded by Wood-
ward as a synonym of Pleuracanthus Ag. Both names are preoccupied.
Diplodus has been replaced by Didvmodus Cope (1883), which is also
preoccupied (as Didymodon Blake, 1863, a mammal) and again replaced by
Dicranodus Garman (1885). Orthacanthus Ag. may replace Pleuracan-
thus, and some of the names given by Owen, as Dittodus, have priority
over Dicranodus. It is not yet certain that the teeth called Diplodus and
the spines called Orthacanthus belong to the same fish.
214 THE GENERA OV FISHES, PART II
Otodus Agassiz, 111, 206; logotype O. obliquus Ag., not O. appendiculatus Ag.
(fossil). Apparently not separable from the living genus, Lamna Cuv. (1817).
Corax Agassiz, III, 244; logotype Galeus pristodontus Morton (fossil)
Hemipristis Agassiz, III. 237; orthotype H. serra Ag. (fossil). A genus repre-
sented by a living homologue, Dirrhizodon elongatus Klunzinger in the
Red Sea.
Meristodon Agassiz, III, 286; orthot3'pe Oxyrhina paradoxa Ag. (fossil). Prob-
ably a synonym of Hybodus.
Sphenodus Agassiz, III, 298; orthotype Lamna longidens Ag. (fossil). Name
regarded as preoccupied as Sphenodon Gray (1831) ; replaced by Orthacodus
Woodw. (1889).
Carcharopsis Agassiz, III, 313; orthotype C. prototypus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
same as Pristicladodus dentatus McCoy. A synonym of Dicrenodus
Romanovi'sky( 1853), which name Woodward adopts, as being first defined
and with a described type.
Zygobatis Agassiz, III, 328; logotype Rhinoptera studeri Ag. (fossil). Appar-
ently a synonym of Rhinoptera Kuhl.
Ganodus Agassiz, III, 339; orthotype Chimera oweni Ag. (fossil).
Psittacodon Agassiz, III, 340; logotype Ischvodus psittacinus Egert. (fossil).
A synony of Ganodus.
Actinobatis Agassiz, III, 372; orthotype Raja ornata Ag. (fossil). Regarded
as a synonym of Raja L. If so, the living species. Raja orn.\ta Garman,
must receive a new name.
Scylliodus Agassiz, III, 377; orthotype S. antiouus Ag. (fossil). An ally of
Thyellina and Scylliorhinus.
Arthropterus Agassiz, 111, 379; orthotype A. rileyi Ag. (fossil). A bit of some
unrecognized ray.
Asterodermus Agassiz, III, 381; orthotype A. platypterus (fossil). Name pre-
occupied by Astrodermus Bonelli, 1829.
Thyellina Agassiz, III, 378; orthotype T. angusta Ag. (fossil). A fossil ally of
Scylliorhinus Blainv.
Narcopterus Agassiz, III, 382; orthotj'pe N. bolcanus Ag. (fossil). Name only,
hence not part of the system. An ally of Torpedo Duni.
Cyclarthrus Agassiz, III, 382; orthotype C. macroptenes Ag. (fossil). A fin of
some ray, imperfectly known.
Euryarthra Agassiz, 111, 382; orthotype E. munsteri Ag. (fossil). An ally of
Rhinobatus Linck and a synonym of .^llopos Miinster.
296. EGERTON (1843). On Some New Species of Fossil Chimceroid Fishes,
with Remarks on Their Affinities Proc. Geol. Soc, IV.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Ischyodus Egerton, IV, 155; orthotype Chimera colei (Buckland) Ag. (fossil).
Elasmodus Egerton, IV, 156; orthotype E. hunteri Egert. (fossil).
297. HALL (1843). Natural History of New York. (Palaeontology.)
James Hall.
Sauripteris Hall, IV, 282; orthotype S. taylori Hall (fossil). Usually written
Sauripterus.
298. HECKEL (1843). Ahbildungcn und Besclireibungen der Fische Syriens,
nebst einer neuen Classification und Characteristik sdmnitlicher Gattiingen der
Cyprinen. Stuttgart.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
II ECKEL, 1843 215
Leucos (Bonaparte) Heckel, 48; logotipe L. rubellus Bon. Name regarded as
preoccupied as Leucus Kaup, a genus of birds ; replaced by Cenisophius Bon.
Phoxinellus Heckel. 50; orthotype P. alepidotus Heckel. as restricted by Bleeker,
who later separated P. zeregi as Pseudophoxinus, 1859. Same as Para-
PHOXiNus Blkr.. 1863.
Mela Heckel, appendix, 257; orthotype Cyprinus mola Ham. Preoccupied in fishes;
replaced by Amblypharyngodon Blkr.
299. HECKEL (1843). Ichthyologie (von Syrien). In Russegger (Joseph von) :
Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mit besonderer Riicksicht auf natur-
wissenschaftlichen Verhdltnisse der betreffendcn Lander, unternommen in den
J ah r en 1835 bis 1841. Part 2, 1843.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Cyrene tieckel, H, 284 ; logotype C. ocellata Heckel. A synonym of Dangilia
Cuv. & Val. (1842).
Schizopyge Heckel, II, 285 ; logotype Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel, as restricted
by Bleeker, 1863.
Aspidoparia Heckel, II, 288; orthotype A. sardina Heckel.
300. LOWE (1843). Notice of Fishes Newly Observed or Discovered in Madeira
During the Years 1840, 1841 and 1842. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Taractes Lowe, 82 ; orthotype T. asper Lowe.
Antigonia Lowe, 85 ; orthotype A. capros Low e.
Hesperanthias Lowe, 14; orthotype Serranys oculatu.s Cuv. & Val. A synonym
of Etelis Cuv. & Val.
Cubiceps Lowe, 82 : orthotype Psenes gracilis Lowe. A synonym of Psenes
Cuv. & Val.
Echiostoma Lowe, 87; orthotype E. barbatum Lowe.
Metopias Lowe, 90; orthotype M. typhlops Lowe. Preoccupied; replaced by
MELAMPHAiis Gthr., 1864.
Gadella Lowe, 91 ; orthotype G. gracilis Lowe = Gadus maraldi Risso. Replaces
Uraleptus Costa (1858).
Diaphasia Lowe, 92; orthotype Gymnotus acus Briinnich. A synonym of Carapus
Raf. ; a substitute for the "barbarous" name, Fierasfer.
301. LOWE (1843). A History of the Fishes of Madeira, etc.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Pleurothyris Lowe, 64; orthotype Sternoptyx olfersi Cuv. Misprinted Pleu-
rothysis by Giinther. A synonym of Argyropelecus Cocco.
302. MiJLLER (1843). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der natiirlichcn Familien der
KnochenHsche. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin.
Johannes Muller.
Encheliophis Muller, 153 ; orthotype E. vermicularis Muller.
303. MtJLLER (1843). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der natUrlichen Familien der
Fische. Wiegmann's Arch. Naturgesch.
Johannes Muller.
Cotylis Muller & Troschel, 297. haplotype Lepadogaster nudus B1. & Schn. =
Gobiesox gyrinus J. & E., not Cyclopterus nudus L., which is not identified.
Later restricted by Giinther, 1861, Cotylis fimbr.^ta M. & T., a species
216 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
described later and not at first included by Miiller. {HorcE Ichthyologice,
III, 297. For Cotylis Giinther, not Miiller, the name Cotylichthys Jordan,
1919, has been substituted. A synonym of Gobiesox Lac.
Sicyases Miiller & Troschel, 298; orthotype S. s.\nguineus M. & T.
Synancidium Miiller, 302 ; orthotype Scorp.ena horrida L., "Synanceia mit Vomer-
zahnen" . A synonym of Synanceja B1. & Schn., as restricted.
Ptenichthys Miiller, 312; logotype (Exoccetus furcatus Mitchell; "Exoccetus mit
Barbfaden"). A synonym of Cypselurus S\v., 1839.
Hemiodus Miiller, 316; orthotype H. crenidens Miiller.
Macrodon Miiller, 163 ; orthotype M. trahira Miiller = Synodus malabaricus B1. &
Schn. Name preoccupied by Macrodon Schinz, 1822 ; replaced by Hoplias Gill.
Euanemus Miiller, 318; orthotype E. columbetes Miiller = Hypophthalmus
nuchalis Spix. A synonym of Auchenipterus Cuv. & Val., as restricted
by Bleeker and by Eigenmann.
Calophysus Miiller, 318; orthotype Pimelodus macropterus Lichtenstein.
Mormyrops Miiller, 324; logotype Mormyrus anguilloides Geoffroy St. Hiraire.
Gastrophysus Miiller. 330; orthotype Tetraodon lunaris L. Substitute for Phy-
SOGASTER Miiller, preoccupied. A synonym of Lagocephalus Sw.
Arapaima Miiller, 326; orthotype Sudis gigas Cuv. A sybstitute for Sums Cuv.,
preoccupied by Sudis Raf. (1810).
Heterotis (Ehrenberg) Miiller, 326; orthotype Sudis niloticus Cuv. A synonym
of Clupisudis Sw.
304. MtJNSTER (1843). Beitrdge cur Petrefaktenkunde. VI.
Georg Munster.
Wodnika Munster. VI, 48; orthotype Acrodus althausi Miinster (fossil).
Byzenos Miinster, VI, SO; orthotype B. latipinnatus Munster (fossil). A syno-
nym of Janassa.
305. PORTLOCK (1843). (Geological Survey of Londonderry.)
Joseph Ellison Portlock.
Tristychius Portlock, 464; orthotype T. minor Portlock (fossil).
306. RICHARDSON (1843). Description of the Lurking Macherie (Machcerium
subducens) from the Northern Coast of New Holland. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. VII.
John Richardson.
Machaerium Richardson, XII, 175; orthotype M. subducens Rich. Name pre-
occupied ; replaced by Congrogadus Gthr., 1862.
307,308. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1843). Fauna Japonica (part).
Coenraad Jacob Temminck ; Hermann Schlegel.
Acropoma Temminck & Schlegel, 41; orthotype Acropoma (japonicum Gthr.).
Aploactis Temminck & Schlegel, 51 ; orthotype A. aspera Rich.
Glaucosoma Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, 62; orthotype G. burgeri Rich.
Caprodon Temminck & Schlegel, 64; orthotype Caprodon = Anthias schlegeli
Gthr.
1844
309. AGASSIZ (1844). Recherchcs sur les poissons fossiles. I, II, III, IV, V
(parts completed).
Louis Agassiz.
AGASsiz, 1844 217
Placosteus Agassiz, I, XXIII; ortliotype P. m.^andrinus Ag. (fossil); name only,
replaced in 1845 by Psammosteus Ag.
Chelonichthys Agassiz, I, XXXIII; logotype C. asmussi Ag. (fossil) ; name only.
A synonym of Ichthyosauroidks Kutorga.
Glyptosteus Agassiz, I, XXXIV; orthotype G. reticulatus Ag. (fossil); name
only. A synonym of Bothriolepis.
Psammolepis Agassiz, I, XXXIV; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil); name
only, replaced in 1845 by Psammosteus Ag.
Scaphodus Agassiz, I, XLIII; orthotype Gyronchus oblongus Ag. (fossil). A
synonym of Gyroncpius.
Pododus Agassiz, II, 83; orthotype P. capillatus Ag. (fossil) ; name only. Iden-
tified by Woodward, 1901, as a synonym of Mesolepis Young.
Megalichthys Agassiz, II, 89, 154; orthotype M. hibberti Ag. (fossil). Not Mega-
LiCHTHYS Ag. 1836. Should apparently stand as Centrodus McCoy.
Conodus Agassiz, II, 105; orthotype C. ff.rox Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccu-
pied as CoNODON Cuv. & Val.. 1830. A synonym of Caturus Ag.
Thrissonotus Agassiz, II, 128; orthotype T. colei Ag. (fossil); name only. Same
as Oxygnathus Egert. ; defined by Egerton, 1858.
Microspondylos Agassiz, II, 139; orthotype M. escheri Ag. (no definition: shales
of Glarus).
Cricodus Agassiz, II, 156; orthotype Dendrodus incurvus Duff, (fossil).
Amblysemus Agassiz, II, 165; orthotype A. gracilis Ag. (fossil).
Macropoma Agassiz, II, 174; orthotype M. egertoni Ag. (fossil) ; name only. De-
fined by Egerton, Mem. Geol. Surv., IX, No. 10, 1858, from which the name
should date. A synonym of Eurycormus Wagner, 1863, and of earlier date.
Uronemus Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype U. lobatus Ag. (fossil).
Hoplopygus Agassiz, II, 178; orthotype H. binneyi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of
Ccelacanthus.
Gyrosteus Agassiz, II, 179; orthotype G. mirabilis Ag. (fossil); name only; val-
idated by Egerton, Phil. Trans., 1858, 883.
Ctenolepis Agassiz, II, 180; orthotype C. cyclus Ag. (fossil). Undetermined
scales ; defined by Woodward, 1895.
Periodus Agassiz, II, 201 ; orthotype P. koenigi Ag. A synonym of Pycnodus Ag.
Gyronchus Agassiz, II, 202; orthotype G. oblongus Ag. (fossil).
Acrotemnus Agassiz, II, 203; orthotype A. faba Ag. (fossil).
Colobodus Agassiz, II, 237; orthotype C. hogardi Ag. (fossil). Apparently a syn-
onym of AsTERODON Miinster.
Phyllodus Agassiz, II, 238; orthotype P. toliapicus Ag. (fossil).
Acanthoderma Agassiz, II, 251; logotype A. spinosum Ag. (fossil). Name pre-
ocupied. See Agoreion Gistel, 1847.
Acanthopleurus Agassiz, II, 253; orthotype Pleuracanthus serratus Ag. (fos-
sil). This name may be regarded as preoccupied by Acanthopleura, 1829.
Rhinellus Agassiz, II, 260; orthotype R. furcatus Ag. (fossil), regarded as pre-
occupied by Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826; replaced by Ichthyotringa Cope,
1878.
Glyptocephalus Agassiz, II, 264; orthotype G. radiatus Ag. (fossil). Name pre-
occupied, Gottsche, 1835. A synonym of Bucklandium Konig.
Chondrosteus Agassiz, II, 280; orthotype C. acipenseroides Ag. (fossil); name
only ; validated by Egerton, Phil. Trans., 1858, 871.
Nothosomus Agassiz, II, 292; orthotype N. octostychius Ag. (fossil) ; name only;
described by Egerton, Mem. Geol. Siirv., 1858, Dec. IX, No. 6. An ally of
Pholidophorus.
218 THE GENERA OI- FISHES, PART U
Coccolepis Agassiz, II, 300; orthotype C. bucklandi Ag. (fossil).
Plectrolepis Agassiz, II, 306; orthotype P. rugosus Ag. (fossil); name only; de-
fined by Egerton. 1850. A synonym of Notacmon Gistel, which replaces
EURYNOTUS Ag.
Oxyrhina Agassiz, III, 276; orthotype IsuRUS spallanzani Raf. Preoccupied; re-
placed by Plectrostoma Gistel (1848). A synonym of Isurus Raf., 1810.
CcElacanthus Agassiz, IV, 83; orthotype C. granulatus Ag. (fossil).
Rhamphosus Agassiz, IV, 270; orthotype Centriscus aculeatus Blainv. (fossil).
Urosphen Agassiz, IV, 284; orthotype U. fistularis Ag. (fossil). (Printed as
name only in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 293.)
Notasus Agassiz, V, 12; orthotype N. longicaudus Ag. (fossil). Name regarded
as preoccupied, as Noteus Ehrenb., 1830; I'eplaced by Amiopsis Kner. A
synonym of Cyclurus Ag.
Cyclurus Agassiz, V, 12; orthotype V. valenxiennesi Ag. (fossil). Regarded as
preoccupied by Cyclura Harlan, 1825. a reptile, replaceable by Amiopsis
Kner. A fossil homologue of Amia L. (Amiatus Raf.).
Sphenolepis Agassiz, V, 13; orthotype Cyprinus squamosseus Blainv. (fossil).
Name preoccupied, same as Notogoneus Cope, 1885 ; perhaps a synonym of
Anormurus Blainv., 1818.
Autolepis Agassiz, V, 14; orthotype A. typus Ag.
Enchelyopus Agassiz, V. 16; orthotype E. tigrinus Ag. (fossil). (As name only
in Neues Jahrb., 1835, 307.) Name preoccupied; replaced by Paranguilla
Blkr., 1864.
Pamphractus Agassiz, V, 20; orthotype P. hvdrophilus Ag. (fossil). A sync
nym of Bothrolepis.
Coccosteus Agassiz, 22; orthotype C. decipiens Ag. (fossil).
Polyphractus Agassiz, V, 29; orthotype P. platycephalus Ag. (fossil). A syno-
nym of DiPTERUS Sedgwick & Murchison.
Carangopsis Agassiz, V, 39; logotype C. latior Ag. (fossil). Published as name
only, Neues Jahrb., 1835. 293.
Amphistium Agassiz, V, 44; orthotype A. paradoxum Ag. (fossil). (Noted as
name only, Neues Jahrb., 1835, 294.)
Halecopsis Agassiz, V, 44; orthotype H. l^vis Ag. (fossil); names only; given
definition by Woodward, 1901.
Palimphyes Agassiz, V, 46; logotype P. longus Ag. (fossil).
Archaeus Agassis, V, 49; orthotype A. glarisianus Ag. (fossil).
Isurus Agassiz, V, 51; orthotype Isurus macrurus Egert. (fossil). (Printed as
name only by Egerton, Cat Foss. Fish, 1837.) Name preoccupied; replaced
by Isurichthys Woodward, 1901.
Pleionemus Agassiz, V, 52; orthotype P. macrospondylus Ag. (fossil). Name
only. A fragment of an ARCHiEUS.
Ductor Agassiz. V, 53; orthotype D. leptosomus Ag .(fossil). Printed in 1834 as
name onlj- in Verhandl. Mus. Bohmen, 66.
Glyptopomus Agassiz, 57; orthotype G. minor Ag. (fossil).
Placothorax Agassiz, 134; orthotype P. paradoxus Ag. (fossil). A synonym
Bothriolepis.
Platygnathus Agassiz, V, 61; orthotype P. jamesoni Ag. (fossil). A synonym of
HOLOPTYCHUS.
Glyptolepis Agassiz, V, 62; logotye G. leptopterus Ag. (fossil).
Goniognathus Agassiz, V, 63; logotype G. maxill.^ris Ag. (fossil) ; name only. A
synonym of Ampheristus Konig.
rocco. 1844 219
Phyllolepis Agassiz, V, 67; orthotye P. concentrica Ag. (fossil).
Nemopteryx Agassiz, V, 75; orthotype Cyclurus crassus Egert. (fossil).
Holosteus Agassiz, V, 85; orthotye H. esocinus Ag. (fossil).
Hemirhynchus Agassiz, V, 87; orthotype Histiophorus deshayesi Ag. (fossil).
Name preoccupied; perhaps the same as Homorhynchus Van Beneden, 1873.
Istieus Agassiz, V, 91 ; logotype I. grandis Ag. (fossil). An extinct ally of Pteroth-
Rissus Hilgendorf.
Sphyrasnodus Agassiz, V, 98; orthotype Sphyr.^xodus priscus Ag. (fossil). Name
printed by Owen, 1841.
Coelorhynchus Agassiz, V, 92; orthotype C. rectus Ag. (fossil) ; name preoccupied.
Hypsodon Agassiz, V, 101; orthotype H. toliapicus Ag., name only (fossil). Ap-
parently a synonym of ally of Meg.vlops Lac.
Osmeroides Agassiz, V, 103; orthotype O. monasteri Ag. (fossil). The name has
been transferred by authors to Salmo lewesiensts Mantell, the type of
HoLCOLEPis von der Marck. Osmeroides should replace Sardinioides von der
Marck.
Rhamphognathus Agassiz, V, 9, 104; orthotye R. paralepoides Ag. (fossil).
Mesogaster Agassiz, V, 9, 105; orthotype M. sphyrvEnoides Ag. (fossil)
Spinacanthus Agassiz, V, 107; orthotype S. blennioides Ag. (fossil).
Acrognathus Agassiz, V, 108; orthotype A. boops Ag. (fossil).
Rhynchorinus Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype R. branchialis Ag. (fossil); name
onlj'; validated by Woodward, 1901.
Coelocephalus Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype C. salmoneus Ag. (fossil); name only.
Preoccupied before defined by Ccelocephalus Clark, 1860, and by Ccelo-
cephalus Gilbert & Cramer, 1897; replaced by Eothynnus Woodw., 1901.
Halecopsis Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype H. ljeis Ag. (fossil) = Osmeroides
iNsiGNis Delvaux & Ortlieb (fossil); name only; validated by Woodward,
1901.
Elopides Agassiz, V, 139; orthotype E. couloni Ag. (fossil); name only; vali-
dated by Woodward, 1901.
310. COCCO (1844). Intorno ad alcuni nuovi pesci del mare di Messina. Lettera
del Prof. Anastasio Cocco al Signor Augusto Krohn.
Anastasio Cocco.
Krohnius Cocco, 1 ; orthotype K. filamentosus Cocco. Young of Ccelorhynchus
Giorna.
Bibronia Cocco, 15; orthotype B. ligulata Cocco. Larva of Symphurus Raf.
Peloria Cocco, 21 ; orthotype P. heckeli Cocco. A larva of Platophrys Sw.
Coccolus (Bonaparte) Cocco, 21 ; orthotype C. annectens Cocco. A larva of Pla-
tophrys Sw.
311. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1844). Histoirc naturcUc des poissotu.
XVIL
AcHiLLE Valenciennes,
Catla Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVII, 140; tautotype Cyprinus c.\tla Ham. A
synonym of Gibelion Heckel.
Sclerognathus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVII, 472; logotype, restriction of Giinther,
1868, Sclerognathus cyprinella Cuv. & Val.; the original diagnosis drawn
up from Catostomus cy'prinus Le Sueur, a species of Carpiodes Raf. A
synonym of Ictioeus Raf., as here accepted. This view is not taken by
Fowler, who regards Carpiodes cyprinus as type of Sclerognathus and
gives to I. cyprinella the new name of Megastomatobus.
220 THE GENERA OF FISIiES, PART II
312. EGERTON (1845). Description of a Fossil Ray from Mount Lebanon
(Cyclobatis oUgodactylus). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, I.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Cyclobatis Egerton, IV, 442; orthotype C. oligodactylus Egert. (fossil).
313. EICHWALD (1844). Ueber die Fische des devonischen Systems in der
Gegend von Pawlowsk. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, XVII.
Carl Edward von Eichwald.
Sclerolepis Eichwald, XVII, 828; orthotype S. decorata Eichw. (fossil). A syn-
onym of Glyptolepis.
Microlepis Eichwald VXII, 830; logotype M. exilis Eichw. (fossil). A doubtful
genus, the name preoccupied in reptiles.
Chiastolepis Eichwald, XVIII, 831; orthotype C. clathrata Eichw. (fossil).
[GOLDFUSS (1844). Sclerocephalus haeuseri Goldfuss. 1844, described as a
ganoid fish, is a reptile.]
314. KONINCK (1844). Description des animaux fossiles qui sc trouvent dans
le terrain carbonifere de Belgique.
Laurent (Guillaume) de Koninck (1809-1887).
Campodus Koninck, 617; orthotype C. agassizianus Koninck (fossil).
315. McClelland (1844). Description of a Collection of Fishes Made at Chasun
and A^ingpo in China by G. R. Playfair. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, IV.
John McClelland.
Cossyphus McClelland, IV, 403 ; orthotype C. ater McCI. Preoccupied ; replaced
by Phagorus McCl.
Phagorus McClelland, IV, 403; orthotype Cossyphus ater McCl. = Macroptero-
NOTUS jagur Ham. Replaces Cossyphus McCl., preoccupied.
Chaetomus McClelland. IV, 405 ; orthotype C. playfairi McCl.
Muraenesox McClelland, V, 408; logotype M. tricuspidata McCl.
316. McClelland (1844). Apodal Fishes of Bengal. Journ. Nat. Hist.
Calcutta, V.
John McClelland.
Lycodontis McClelland, V, 173; logotype L. literata McCl., as restricted by
Jordan & Evermann, 1896. A synonym of GymnothoraX Bloch, as here
understood.
Thaerodontis McClelland, V, 174; orthotype T. reticulata McCl. A synonym
of Gymnothorax.
Strophidon McClelland, V, 187; orthotype Lycodontis longicaudata McCl. A
synonym of Gymnothorax, the name wrongly transferred by Bleeker and
Giinther to the genus Pseudcchidna Blkr.
Ophicardia McClelland, V, 191 ; orthotype O. phayriana McCl. A synonym of
Fluta B1. & Schn. = Monopterus Lac.
Pneumabranchus McClelland, V, 192 ; logotype P. striatus McCl. A synonym of
Amphipnous Miiller.
Ophisternon McClelland, V, 197 ; logotype O. bengalensis McCl. A synonym o
Symbranchus Bloch.
Ptyobranchus McClelland, V, 200 ; logotype P. arundinaceus McCl. A synonym
of Raitoboura Gray = Moringua Gray.
Ophithorax McClelland, V, 212; logotype "Ophisurus ophis Lac." (Mur^na
maculosa Cuv.). The species called Mur.^na ophis by Linnaeus is the type of
MEYER & PLIENINGER, 1844 221
the genus Ophichthus of Ahl. Mur.ena ophxs Bloch is probably the same
and M. ophis Lac. seems to be drawn from the same material. The figure
of Lacepede is the sole basis of Cuvier's Mur^ena maculosa. All these
accounts seem to refer to the fish called Ophichthus havannensis (B1.
& Schn.). The maculosus of Kaup and Giinther is a different fish, a
species of Myrichthys. McClelland places "Ophisurus ophis Lac." first
among his species of Ophithorax. We therefore take it as his type, although
his description is rather dubious. "Dorsal fin broad, anal narrow ; body and
dorsal covered with large round spots. Pectoral fin very minute. Seas of
Europe." The genus is defined : "Pectoral fins very small so as to be scarcely
perceptible." It is possible that this description applies to the species called
Ophichthys maculosus by Giinther (not by Cuvier). This is a species of
Myrichthys, thus far without tenable name. Using Giinther's description
of Ophichthys maculosus as the type, the species may be named Myrich-
thys guntheri Jordan. It seems best to regard Ophithorax as a synonym
of Ophichthys Ahl, rather than to substitute it on doubtful grounds for
Myrichthys or for Chlevastes (colubrinus).
317. MEYER & PLIENINGER (1844). Paldontologic von JViirttcmbcrg.
Christian Erich von Meyer (1801-1894) ; Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor
VON Plieninger (1795-1879).
Thectodus Meyer & Plieninger, 116; logotype T. inflatus Mijller & Plieninger
(fossil). A synonym of Acrodus.
318. MtJLLER & TROSCHEL (1844). Synof^sis generum et specienim familicv
Characinarum. Wiegmann's Archiv. Naturg. (Also in Horce Ichthyologicce,
III, 1845.)
Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel (1810-1882).
Chilodus Miiller & Troschel, 85 ; haplotype Chilodus punctatus M. & T. Pre-
occupied; replaced by Microdus Kner, 1859; also preoccupied, and by C^no-
TROPUS Gthr., 1864.
Alestes Muller & Troschel, 88; orthotype Salmo niloticus Geoffroy St. Hilaire.
Brycon Miiller & Troschel, 90; logotype Characinus microlepidotus Cuv.
Exodon Muller & Troschel, 91 ; haplotype Exodon paradoxus M. & T. Said to be
preoccupied ; replaced by Hystricodon Gthr. 1864
Epicyrtus Muller & Troschel, 92 ; haplotype Salmo gibbosus Gronow. Preoccupied ;
replaced by Anacyrtus Gthr., 1864. A synonym of Charax (Gronow) Scopoli.
Xiphorhamphus Miiller & Troschel, 92; orthotype Salmo falcatus Bloch. Sub-
stitute for Xiphorhynchus Ag., preoccupied. This name is also preoccupied
and changed to Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann (1903). "Nomen Xiphorhyn-
chus usurpatum in Ornithologias" (M. & T.).
Hydrolycus Miiller & Troschel, 93 ; orthotype Hydrocyon scomberoides Cuv.
Pygocentrus Miiller & Troschel, 94; logotype Serrasalmo piraya Cuv.
Pygopristis Miiller & Troschell, 95 logotype Serrasalmo denticulatus Cuv.
Catoprion Miiller & Troschel, 96; haplotype Serrasalmo mento Cuv.
Myleus Miiller & Troschel, 98 ; orthotype Myleus setiger Muller.
319. NARDO ( 1844) . Proposizione per la formasionc di iin nuovo genere di Selachi
chiamato Caninoa o Caninotus, chc costitnrehbe una nuova sottofamiglia
prossima at Notidani. Ann. Soc. Lombardo-Veneto, III.
Giovanni Domenico Nardo.
Caninoa Nardo, 8; orthotype Squalus barbarus (Chierigini MSS.) = C. chiere
ghini Nardo. An anomalous shark, not since recognized, if existing.
222 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11
Caninotus Nardo. 8; orthotype Caninoa chiereghini Nardo. (Squalus bar-
BARUS Chierigini MSS.) Name a provisional substitute for Caninoa.
320. PETERS (1844). Ucber einein den Lcpidosirens annectens verwandtetu
mit Lungcn itnd Kiemen sugleich versehencn Fisch ans den Sumpfen von
Quellimanc (Rhinocryptis amphibia). Mon. Akad. Berlin.
WiLHELM Carl Hartwig Peters (1815-1883).
Rhinocryptis Peters, 414; orthotype R. amphibia Peters = Lepidosiren annectens
Owen. A synonym of Protopterus Owen.
320A. REUSS (1844). Gcognostische Skizzen aus Bohmen.
August Emanuel von Reuss (1811-1873).
Thaumaturus Reuss, II, 264; orthotype T. furcatus Reuss (fossil). An extinct
form of trout.
321. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a Genus of Chinese Fish (Hapa-
logenys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII.
John Richardson.
Hapalogenys Richardson, XIII, 463 ; logotype H. nitens Rich. = Pogonias nigri-
PINNIS T. & S.
322. RICHARDSON (1844). Description of a New Genus of Gobioid Fish
(Channichthys). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIII.
John Richardson.
Channichthys Richardson ; orthotype C. rhinoceratus Rich. Name afterward
spelled Ch^nichthys, as dictated by a purist, an unwarranted change.
323. RICHARDSON (1844). Generic Characters of an Undescribed Australian
Fish (Pafcecus fronto). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV.
John Richardson.
Pataecus Richardson, XIV, 280; orthotype P. fronto Rich.
324. RICHARDSON (1844). Ichthyology. (In The Zoology of the Voyage of
H.M.S. "Sulphur", Under the Command of Captain Sir Edivard Belcher,
During the Years 1826-42. Edited by R. B. Hinds).
John Richardson.
Chaeturichthys Richardson, 54; orthotype C. stigmatias Rich.
Centridermichthys Richardson, 74; orthotype C. ansatus Rich. = Trachidermus
FAsciATUS Heckel. Replaces Trachidermus Heckel, regarded as preoccupied
by Trachyderma.
Calloptilum Richardson, 94; orthotype C. mirum Rich. A synonym of Bregma-
cERos Cantor.
Astronesthes Richardson, 97 ; orthotype A. nigra Richardson.
325. RICHARDSON (1844). The Zoolo:iy of the Vovage of H.M.S. "Erebus
and Terror", Under the Command of Captain Sir J. C. Ross . . . During
1839-42. Edited by J. Richardson . . . and J. E. Gray. London.
John Richardson.
Notothenia Richardson, 5; logotype N. coriiceps Rich.
Harpagifer Richardson, 11 ; orthotype Callionymus bispinis Forster.
Chasnichthys Richardson, 12 ; orthotype C. rhinoceratus Rich. ; a substitute for
Channichthys.
Pagetodes Richardson, IS ; orthotype (not given a specific name, a cat having run
away with the type specimen).
TEMMINCK & SCHLEGKL. 1844 223
Emmelichthys Richardson, 47 ; orthotype E. nitidus Rich.
Cheilobranchus Richardson, 50; logotype C dorsalis Rich. A synonym of Alabes
Cuv.
Prymnothonus Richardson, 51 ; orthot3'pe P. hookeri Rich. A larval form.
Xystophorus Richardson, 52; very young of Naucrates.
Aleuterius (Cuvier) Richardson, 66; after Alutera (Cuv.) Oken. One of many
varied spellings of Aluter.\, derived from "les Aluteres", as Alutarius,
Aluterus, etc. Alutera has priority.
Oxybeles Richardson, 74; orthotype O. homei Rich. A synonym of Carapus
(Fierasfer).
Molarii (Molarius) Richardson, 79; logotype "Mur^na ophis" = Echidna nebu-
losa (plural form only). A synonym of Echidna Forster.
Channo-Muraena Richardson, 96 orthotype Ichthyophis vittatus Rich.
Congrus Richardson, 107; orhtotype Mur.ena conger L. A variant spelling of
Conger.
Psammoperca Richardson, 115; orthotype Ps. datnioides Rich. = Labrax
waigiensis Cuv. & Val. ; replaces Cnidon M. & T. (1849.
Gadopsis Richardson, 122; orthotype G. marmoratus Rich.
326. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1844). Fauna Japonica (part).
Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel.
Chaetopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 78; orthotype C. sieboldi Blkr. Name pre-
occupied ; replaced by Pristipomoides Blkr.
Melanichthys Temminck & Schlegel, 75 ; orthotype Crenidens melanichthys
Rich. A synonym of Girella Gray.
Ditrema Temminck & Schlegel, 77; orthotype D. temmincki Blkr.
Hypsinotus Temminck & Schlegel, 84 ; orthotype H. rubescens Gthr. A synonym
of Antigonia Lowe.
Scarodon Temminck & Schlegel, 89 ; logotype S. fasciatus T. & S. A synonym
of Oplegnathus Rich., 1840; available if the latter is regarded as pre-
occupied.
327. VALENCIENNES (1844). Ichthyologie des lies Canaries, ou Histoirc
naturelle des poissons, rapportes par MM. Webb & Berthelot. In Webb,
Histoire naturelle des iles Canaries. II, 1835-1850.
Achille Valenciennes.
Nemobrama Valenciennes, 40; orthotype N. webbi Val. = Polymixia nobilis
Lowe. A synonym of Polymixia Lowe.
Crius Valenciennes, 43; orthotype C. bertheloti Val. = Schedophilus medusopha-
Gus. A synonym of Schedophilus Cocco.
Asellus Valenciennes, 76 ; orthotype Asellus canariensis Val. A synonym of
Mora Risso.
1845
328. AGASSIZ (1845). Rapport sur les poissons fossiles de I'argile de Londres.
Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci.
Louis Agassiz.
Rhinocephalus Agassiz, 294; orthotype R. planiceps Ag. (fossil). Name only,
noted by Woodward, 1901.
Sciaenurus Agassiz, 295; orthotype S. bowerbanki Ag. (fossil) A synonym of
Sparnodus.
224 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Pomaphractus Agassiz, 307; orthotype P. egertoni Ag. (fossil); name only;
identification by Woodward, 1901. A synonym of Brych/ETQs (Ag.) Woodw.
Coelopoma Agassiz, 307; orthotpe C. colei Ag. (fossil); name only; preoccupied
(Adams. 1867) and replaced by Eoccelopoma Woodw., 1901.
Eurygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype E. cavifrons Ag. (fossil). Name only;
validated by Woodward, 1901 ; preoccupied and replaced by Esocelops Woodw.
Percostoma Agassiz, 307 ; orthotype P. angusta Ag. Name only ; noted by Wood-
ward, Cat., 519, 1901.
Cceloperca Agassiz, 307; orthotype Cceloperca l.\tifrons Ag. (fossil). Name
only; noted by Woodward, Cat.^ IV, 519.
Bothrosteus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. minor Ag. (fossil). Name only, noted
by Woodward, Cat., IV, 611, 1901.
Calopomus Agassiz, 307; orthotype C. porosus Ag. (fossil), name only.
Brachygnathus Agassiz, 307; orthotype B. tenuiceps Ag. (fossil). Name only,
noted by Woodward Cat., 1901, 519 ;name preoccupied.
Podocephalus Agassiz, 307 orthotype P. nitidus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted
by Woodward, Cat^ 519, 1901.
Brychaetus Agassiz, 308; orthotype B. mulleri Ag. (undefined) (fossil); first
defined by Woodward. 1901.
Merlinus Agassiz, 308; orthotype M. cristatus Ag. (fossil), noted by Woodward,
1901.
Scombrinus Agassiz, 308; orthotype S. nuchalis Ag. (fossil); name only; vali-
dated by Woodward, 1901.
Phalacrus Agassiz, 308; orthotpe P. cybioides Ag. (fossil); name only; referred
by Woodward to synonymy of Eothynnus Woodw.
Rhonchus Agassiz, 308; orthotype R. carangoides Ag. (fossil). Name only;
explained by Woodward, Cat., IV, 458. A synonym of Eothynnus Woodw.
Naupygus Agassiz, 308; orthotype N. bucklandi Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted
by Woodward, Cat., 611 (1901).
Acestrus Agassiz, 308; orthotype A. ornatus Ag. (fossil). Name only; validated
by Woodward, 1901, perhaps to be regarded as preoccupied by Acestra
Jardine, 1831.
Laparus Agassiz, 308 ; orthotype L. alticeps Ag. ( fossil : name only ; discussed
by Woodward, 1901).
Labrophagus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. esocinus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
noticed by Woodward, Cat., IV, 611, 1901.
Loxostomus Agassiz, 308; orthotype L. mancus Ag. (fossil). Name only; noted
by Woodward, Cat., IV, 612, 1901.
Pachycephlus Agassiz, 308; orthotype P. cristatus Ag. (fossil). Name only;
noted by Woodward, Cat., IV, 612, 1901.
Most of the foregoing names from Agassiz's list of the Egerton collec-
tion have been identified from labeled specimens and several have justly come
into use as dating, not from 1845, but from their first definition. Wood-
ward gives the following additional generic names, of which nothing is
known, and which, until defined, have no place in the system.
Echenus (politus).
Gadopsis (breviceps).
Phasganus (declivis).
Rhipidolepis (elegans).
Synophrys (hopei).
AGASsiz. 1845 225
329. AGASSIZ (1845). Mo)iograpIuc dcs poissous fossilcs du I'ieux Grex Rouge,
ou Systciiia Devonicn (Old Red Sandstone) dcs ties Britanniques et de
Russie. Part 2.
Louis Agassiz.
Diplacanthus Agassiz, 34, 40 ; orthotype D. striatus Ag.
Lamnodus Agassiz. 83; orthotype Dendrodus biporcatus Owen (fossil). A syno
nym of Dendrodus.
Psammosteus Agassiz, 103; logotype P. m^andrinus Ag. (fossil).
Homacanthus, 113; orthotype H. arcuatus Ag. (fossil).
Haplacanthus Agassiz, 114; orthotype H. marginalis Ag. (fossil).
Odontacanthus Agassiz, 114; logotype O. crenatus Ag. (fossil). A synonym
of ASTROLEPIS.
Narcodes Agassiz, 115; orthotype N. pustulifer Ag. (fossil). A supposed synonym
of .\STROLEPIS.
Byssacanthus Agassiz, 116; orthotype B. crenulatus Ag. (fossil).
Naulas Agassiz, 116; orthotype N. sulcatus Ag. (fossil).
Climatius Agassiz, 119; orthotype C. reticulatus (Ag. fossil).
Cosmacanthus Agassiz, 120; orthotype C. malcolmsoni Ag. (fossil).
Parexus Agassiz, 120; orthotype P. incurvus Ag. (fossil).
Hemothorax Agassiz, 134; orthotype H. flemingi Ag. (fossil). A synonym of
Bothriolepis.
Chelyophorus Agassiz, 135; orthotype C. verneuili Ag. (fossil).
Actinolepis- Agassiz, 141; orthotype A. tuberculatus Ag. (fossil). A supposed
synonym of Astrolepis.
Stagonolepis Agassiz (not quoted by Woodward; referred to the Dipterini).
330. BLEEKER (1845). Bijdragen tot gcnccskiinde topographic van Batavia.
Gcncrisch ovcrsicht der fauna. II, 1845. Arch. Nederl. Indie.
Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878).
Pinjalo Bleeker, II, 251 (1845) ; orthotype Cesio pinjalo Blkr. = P. typus Blkr.
Heterodon Bleeker, 323 ; orthotype H. zonatus Blkr. Name preoccupied in ser-
pents ; replaced by Heterognathodon Blkr., 1848.
Mesopristes Bleeker, 523 ; orthotype M. macracanthus Blkr. ; a synonym of
Datnia Cuv. & Val.
331. BONAPARTE (1845). Catalogo mctodico dei pesci Europci. Atti Sci. Ital.
(Reprint as a separate volume, Naples, 1846.)
Carlo L. Principe Bonaparte.
Some of the names here used may have occurred in other papers of 1844
and 1845.
Glaucostegus Bonaparte, 14; orthotype G. cemiculus Bon. ("Rhina rhinobatus
Shaw = Rh. cemiculus Geofifroy.") A synonym of Rhinobatus.
Acanthias Bonaparte, 15; orthotype Squalus acanthias L. A. vulgaris Bon.
same as Acanthias Risso. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted.
Lepidorhinus Bonaparte, 16; orthotpe Squalus squamosus Broussonnet.
Scymnorhinus Bonaparte, 16; orthotype S. lichia. Replaces Scymnus Cuv., pre-
occupied.
Spinax Bonaparte, 16; tautotype Squalus spinax L. Same as Spinax Cuv. A
synonym of Etmopterus Raf.
Sterledus Bonaparte, 21 ; orthotype Acipenser ruthenus Bon. Same as Sterleta
Giildenstadt.
226 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART H
Cenisophius Bonaparte, 29; orthotype Leuciscus pauperum Bon. Replaces Leucos
Heckel, preoccupied in birds, as Leucus.
Gardonus Bonaparte, 29; orthotype Leuciscus decipiens Ag. A synonym of
Cenisophius.
Pigus Bonaparte, 29; tautotype Cyprinus pigus Cloquet. Apparently a synonym
of Cenisophius. .
Cephalus Bonaparte, 30; orthotype Cyprinus ceph.\lus L. Name preoccupied; a
synonym of Leuciscus Cuv.
Microlepis Bonaparte, 30; no diagnosis; orthotype M. turskyi Bon. A synonym of
Leuciscus Cuv.
Hegerius Bonaparte, 31 ; orthotype Scardinius hegeri Bon., Hegerius typus Bon.
An ally of Telestes; the name later spelled Heegerius.
Scardinius Bonaparte, 31 ; logotype Leuciscus scardafa Bon.
Pallachius (Nilsson) Bonaparte 45; orthotype Gadus pollachus L. = Gadus
virens L.
Coccolus Bonaparte, 47; orthotype C. annectens Bon., a substitute for Krohnius
Cocca (K. flamentosus, which is the larva of the Macrurid, Ccelorhynchus,
Giorna).
Cynoglossa Bonaparte, 48; orthotype Pleuronectes cynoglossus L. A syno-
nym of Cynicoglossus Bon., not Cynglossus Ham.
Plagusia Bonaparte, 51 ; orthotype Plagusia lactea Bon. A substitute for Plagusia
Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Symphurus Raf.
Scorpichthes Bonaparte, 62; logotype Cottus scorpius L., in plural fprm only. A
synonym of Myoxocephalus Stellar. .
Gastronemus (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; orthotype Pharopteryx benoiti Riippell.
Name preoccupied. A synonym of Mora Risso.
Tinimogaster (Cocco) Bonaparte, 68; no definition; quoted by Bonaparte in con-
nection with Gastronemus Cocco. A synonym of Mora Risso, apparently
a substitute for Gastronemus, preoccupied.
Selenia Bonaparte, 75; orthotype Caranx luna Geoffroy St. Hilaire == Scomber
guara Bonnaterre. Apparently replaces Uraspis Blkr.
332. BRODIE (1845). (Fossil Insects.)
Peter Bellinger Brodie.
Oxygonius (Agassiz) Brodie, 16; orthotype O. tenuis Ag. (fossil). Young fishes,
indeterminable.
Ceramurus (Egerton) Brodie, 17; orthotype C. macrocephalus F.gert. (fossil).
333. COSTA (1845). (Fossil Fishes.) Atti Acad. Pontan. Napoli.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Megastoma Costa, V, 287; orthotype ^L apenninum Costa (fossil). A synonym
of Leptolepis.
334. KROYER (1845). Icelus Hamatus. Naturhist. Tidsskr., L
Henrik Nicolaj Kroyer (1799-1870).
Icelus Kroyer, I, 253; orthotype L hamatus Kroyer.
Phobetor Kroyer, I, 263; orthotype Cottus tricuspis Reinh. A synonym of Gym-
nocanthus Sw.
335. KROYER (1845). Carelophus stromii. Xaturhist. Tidsskr.. L
Henrik Nicolaj Kroyer.
Carelophus Kroyer, I ; orthotype C. strcemi Kroyer. A synonym of Chirolophis Sw.
KROYEK, 1845 227
336. KROYER (1845). Caracanthiis tylyJcus. Xaturliisl. TicLsskr., I.
Henrik Nicol.^j Kroyer.
Caracanthus Kroyer, I, 267 ; orthotype C. typicus Kroyer = Micropus m.aculatus
Gray. Replaces Micropus Gray, preoccupied.
337. KROYER (1845). Ceratis hollbolH. Naturhist. Tidsskr., L
Henrik Nicolaj Kroyer.
Ceratias Kroyer, I. 639 ; orthotype C. hollbolli Kroyer.
338. McClelland (1845). Description of Four Species of Fishes from the
Rivers at the Foot of the Boutan Mountains. Journ. Nat. Hist. Calcutta, V,
1840, 272, 282.
John McClelland.
Ctenops McClelland, V, 281 ; orthotype C. nobilis McCl. A synonym of Osphro-
menus Lac.
339. MtJLLER & TROSCHEL (1845). Horce Ichthyologiccc. Beschreibung und
Abbildung neuer Fische ; die Familie Characinen. I. Berlin.
JoH.\NNES Muller : Franz Hermann Troschel.
Distichodus Miiller & Troschel, I, 12; orthotype S.'^lmo niloticus Hasselquist =
Characinus nefasch Lac.
Agoniates Miiller & Troschel, I, 19; haplotype Agoniates halecinus M & T.
Cnidon Miiller & Troschel. I, 21 ; orthotype Cnidon chinensis M. & T.
340. OWEN (1845). Odontography.
Richard Owen.
Pisodus (Agassiz) Owen, 138; orthotype P. oweni Ag. (fossil). An ally of Al-
bula Gronow.
341. RICHARDSON (1845). Generic Clmracters of Gasteroschisma tnelampus, a
Fish which Inhabits Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,, XV.
John Richardson.
Gasteroschisma Richardson, 346; orthotype G. melampus Rich.
342. RICHARDSON (1845). Report on the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and
Japan. Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci.
John Richardson.
Ilisha (Gray) Richardson, 306; haplotype Ilisha abnormis Gray = Alosa elongata
Bennett. Replaces Pellona Cuv. & Val.. and Zunasia Jordan & Thompson.
343. SOUTH (1845). Encyclopdia Mctropolitana. (Edition for 1845.)
John Flint South.
Thunnus South, V, 620; orthotype Scomber thynnus L. A substitute for Thyn-
nus Cuv., preoccupied in butterfles.
344. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1845). Fauna Japonica (issued in parts).
Ccenra.'vd Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel.
Erythrichthys Temminck & Schlegel, 1845, 117; orthotype E. schlegeli Gthr.
Name preoccupied ; replaced by Erythrocles Jordan, 1919.
Scombrops Temminck & Schlegel, 118; orthotype S. cheilodipteroides Blkr. =
Scomber boops Houttuyn.
Dictyosoma Temminck & Schlegel, 139; orthotype D. burgeri Van der Hoeven.
Cirrhilabrus Temminck & Schlegel, 167; orthotype C. temmincki Blkr.
228 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
1846
345. AGASSIZ (1846). Nomenclator Zoologicus. Pisces.
Lx)Uis Agassiz.
Hypeneus Agassiz, 190 ; logotype Mullus bifasciatus Lac. A corrected spelling of
Upeneus.
346. AGASSIZ (1846). Nonien matittscrit^tum in diversis museo usurpatuni.
A'omina systematica gencrum piscium, tain viventium quam fossilium.
Addenda to Nomenclator Zoologicus. Pisces.
Louis Agassiz."
The three names which follow occur in the Nomenclator Zoologicus as
manuscript names used by Agassiz on labels in different museums. They
have no place in the system.
Glaphyrodus Agassiz, Addenda, 3; species not named (same as Oxyrhina). A
synonym of IsURUS Raf.
Holodus Agassiz, Addenda, 3 ; species not named. A synonym of Heptranchias
(NOTIDANUS).
Oroptychus Agassiz, Addenda, 4 species not named ("Cestraciontes").
Toxophorus, This name is given by Agassiz, page 63, with no indication as to its
author.
347. BIBRON (1846). Revue Zoologique.
Gabriel Bibron (1806-1848).
Chilomycterus Bibron, 40; logotype Diodon reticulatus L.
348. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1846). Note sur le groupe des Gobiesoces.
Rev. Zool.
Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville (1823-1893).
Tomicodon Brisout de Barneville, 144; orthotype T. chilensis Barn. A synonym
of Sicvases M. & T.
Sicyogaster Brisout de Barneville, 144 ; orthotype Gobiesox marmoratus Jenyns.
Name preoccupied ; replaced by Gill.
Chorisochismus Brisout de Barneville, 209 ; orthotype C. nudus Barn. = Cyclop-
TERUS dentex Pallas.
349. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (1846). Note sur le nouveau genre de la
famille des Discoboles (Trachelochismus) . Rev. Zool.
Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville.
Trachelochismus Brisout de Barneville, 214; orthotype Cyclopterus pinnulaTus
Forster.
350. COSTA (1846). Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enunterasione di tutti gli
animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo regno e le acque die le bag-
nano, etc. Vol. III.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Cynoponticus Costa, pi. 28; orthotype C. ferox Costa = Conger savanna Cuv.
SSL CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1846). Histoire naturelle des poissons.
XVIII, 1835.
Achille Valenciennes.
Grundulus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVIII, 216; haplotype Fundulus bogotensis
Humboldt. Eigenmann identifies this with Characin, Ctenocharax bogo-
tensis Regan, 1907.
Orestias Cuvier & Valenciennes, XVIII, 221 ; logotype Orestias cuvieri Val.
EICHWALD, 1846 229
Vastres Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 433 ; orthotype Vastres cuvieri Val. =^
SuDis GiGAS Cuv. Same as Sudis Cuv., preoccupied by Sudis Raf., 1810;
replaced by Arapaima M. & T., 1846.
Heterotis (Ehrenberg MS.) Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 465; orthotype Heterotis
EHRENBERGi Val. I do not find that Ehrenberg had published this name else-
where. A synonym of Clupisudis Sw.
Lebiasina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 531 ; haplotype Lebiasina bimaculata Val.
Pyrrhulina Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIX, 534; haplotype P. filamentosa Val.
352. EICHWALD (1846). Geognosy of Russia (in Russian). Reproduced in
1860 in Lethcea Rossica.
Carl Eduard von Eichwald.
Aulacosteus Eichwald; logotype (in 1860) A. cochleariformis Eichw. Same as
Ptyctodus Pander and, if eligible, of prior date.
353. KEYSERLING (1846). Reise in das Petchoraland im Jahre 1843.
Alexander von Keyserling.
Dimeracanthus Keyserling, 292b; orthotype D. concentricus , Keyserling (fossil).
354. KROYER (1846). (Danmarks Fiske.)
Henrik Nikolaj Kroyer.
Acantholepis Kroyer, III, 98; orthotype Argentina silus. A synonym of SiLUS
Reinhardt and probably of Argentina L.
355. LOWE (1846). On a New Genus of the Family Lophiidce (les Pectorales
pediculees, Cuv.) Discovered in Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XIV.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Chaunax Lowe, III, 339; orthotype C. pictus Lowe.
356. MEYER (1846). Geologie von Jena. Schmidt und Schleiden.
Hermann von Meyer.
Tholodus Meyer, I, 199; orthotype T. schmidti Meyer (fossil). Undetermined;
perhaps an Asterodon, perhaps a reptile.
357. MULLER (1846). (Arapaima.) Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin.
Johannes Muller.
Arapaima Miiller; haplotype Sudis gigas Cuv. Replaces Sudis Cuv., preoccupied,
and Vastres Cuv. & Val. of the same year but of later date, as Valenciennes
quotes Arapaima.
358. MUNSTER (1846). Ueber die im Korallenkalk des Lindner Berges bet
Hannover vorcommenden Ueberreste von Fischen, etc. Beitrage zur Petre-
facten-Kunde.
Georg Munster.
Radamas Munster, VII, 11, 28; orthotype Asima jugleri Giebel (fossil). Same as
AsiMA Giebel and of prior date.
359. NORWOOD & OWEN (1846). Description of a New Fossil Fish from the
PalcEOzoic Rocks of Indiana. Amer. Journ. Sci., I.
Joseph Granville Norwood; David Dale Owen.
Macropetalichthys Norwood & Owen, I, 371 ; orthotype M. rapheidolabis Nor-
wood & Owen (fossil).
230 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11
359A. RICHARDSON (1846). Stokes: Discoveries in Australia.
John Richardson.
Assiculus Richardson, 492; orthotype A. punctatus Rich, A synonym of Pseudo-
CHROMis Riippell.
360. PETERS (1846). Ueber eine nene Gattung von Labyrinth fischen . . . aus
Quellimane. Arch. Anat.
VViLHELM Carl Hartwig Peters.
Ctenopoma Peters, 481 ; orthotj^pe C. multispinis Peters.
361. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1846). Fauna Jap onica {^zri).
Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel.
Plecoglossus Temminck & Schlegel, 229; orthotype P. altivelis T. & S.
Ateleopus Temminck & Schlegel, 255 ; orthotype A. japonicus Blkr. Name pre
occupied as Atelopus; replaced by Podateles Boulenger.
362. TSCHUDI (1846). Untersuchungeti ilber die Fauna Peruana.
JoHANN Jacob Tschudi (1818-1882).
Cheilotrema Tschudi, 13 ; orthotype C. fasci.a.tum Tschudi.
Chaetostoma (Heckel) Tschudi, 25; orthotype C. loborhynchus Heckel. Said to be
thus originally written by Heckel; spelled ChvETOStomus by Kner (1854)
and by subsequent writers.
Discopyge Tschudi, 32; orthotype D. tschudii Tschudi.
363. VALENCIENNES (1846). Nouvelles observations sur I'Eremophilus.
Recueil d'Observ. Zool., II.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 347; orthotype T. nigricans Humboldt, 1811. Same
as Thrycomycterus.
1847
364. BLEEKER (1847). Siluroideorum bataviensium conspectus diagnosticus.
Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXI.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Ketengus Bleeker, 9 ; orthotype K. tvpus Blkr.
Osteogeneiosus Bleeker, XXI, 49; orthotype O. macrocephalus Bleeker
Batrachocephalus Bleeker, XXI, 158, 375; orthotype B. micropogon Blkr.
365. BLEEKER (1847). Pharyngognathorum Siluroideorumque species novcc
Javanenses. Nat & Geneesk. Arch. Neder.-Indie, IV.
Pieter Bleeker.
ChcBrodon Bleeker, 10; orthotype Labrus macrodontus Lac. Replaces Chcerops
Riippell, 1852; later written Choieodon.
366. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE ( 1847) . Note sur le genre Centropristis Cuvier.
Rev. Zool.
Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville.
Homodon Brisout de Barneville, 133; logotype Centropristis georgianus Cuv. &
Val. A synonym of Arripis Jenyns.
Myriodon Brisout de Barneville, 133 ; orthotype Centropristis scorp^noides Cuv.
& Val. = ScoRPv^NA waigiensis Q. & G. a synonym of Centrogenys.
PRISOUT DK RARNEVILI.E. 1847 231
367. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE (]847). Noic sur un nouveau genre
d'AnguilUfonnes. Rev. Zool.
Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville.
Ichthyapus Brisout de Barneville. 219; orthotype I. acutirostris Barn. A syno-
nym of Sphagebranchus Bloch.
368. CUVIER & VALENCIENNES (1847). Histoirc naturelle des poissons. XX.
x\cHiLLE Valenciennes.
Sardinella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX 261 ; logotype Sardinella aurita Val.
Harengula Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 277; logotype Harengula latulus Val.
(said to be from France, but apparently an American species, not the French
"Blanquette", which is reputed to be the sprat (Spratella sprattus) iide
Cligny).
Pellona Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 300 ; logotype Pellona orbignyana Val. =
Pristigaster flavipinnis Val. A synonym of Ilisha Gray (1846).
Rogenia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 340; haplotype Rogenia alba Val. Young of
Clupea L. ("Whitebait").
Clupeonia Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 345; logotype Clupeonia jussieui Val.
Very near Harengula Cuv. & Val.
Spratella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 356; logotype Spratella pumila Val. Young
of Clupea sprattus L.
Kowala Cuvier & Valenciennes. XX, 362 ; logotype Kowala albella Cuv. & Val.
Very close to Clupeonia, if not identical with it.
Meletta Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 366; type Meletta vulgaris Val. (young of
Spratella sprattus). A synonym of Spratella Cuv. & Val.
Alausa Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 389; type Alausa vulgaris = Clupea alosa L.
A variant spelling of Alosa Cuv.
Dussumieria Cuvier & Valenciennes, XX, 467; haplotype Dussumieria acuta Val.
369. EGERTON (1847). On the Nomenclature of the Fossil Chimceroid Fishes.
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, III.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Dictyopyge Egerton, III, 276; orthotype Catopterus macrurus Egert. (fossil).
Ischypterus Egerton, III, 277; orthotype F. latus Egert. (fossil). A synonym of
Semionotus.
0
370. GIEBEL (1847). Vier neue Fische aus dem dunkeln Kreide-Schicfcr von
Glarus. Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel (1820-1881).
Palymphyes Giebel, 666; logotype P. crassus Giebel.
Pachygaster Giebel, 667; orthotype P. spinosus Giebel (fossil).
371. GIEBEL (1847). Fauna der Vorwelt . . . monographisch dargestellt.
Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel.
Centrodus Giebel, 344; orthotype C. acutus Giebel (fossil).
Chilodus Giebel, I, 352; orthotype (not named in Woodward). A tooth of dubious
nature.
Oxytes Giebel, 364; orthotype O. obliqua Giebel (fossil). A fossil homologue of
Carcharias Raf., Odontaspis Ag.
232 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
372. GUICHENOT (1847) . Notice sur un nouveau genre de Percoides (Pomanotis).
Rev. Zool., X.
Alphonse Guichenot.
Pomanotis Guichenot, 390; orthotype P. rubescens Guich. A genus not since
recognized. The type P. rubescens was brought by Dussumier from Alipey,*
a locality I do not find on the maps, but evidently in India or eastward. The
genus is not related to Eucentrarchid/E, as its author suggests, but belongs
probably to the Nandid^ (D. XIV, 14. A III, 9) near Pristolepis (Catopra).
373. KNER (1847). Ueber die beiden Arten Cephalaspis lloydii und C, lewisii
Agassiz, und einige diesen sundchst stehenden Schalenreste. Naturwiss. Abh., I.
Rudolf Kner.
Pteraspis Kner, I, 165; orthotype CEPHAbASPis lewisi Ag. (fossil).
374. MEYER (1847). Palceontograpkica.
Hermann von Meyer.
Tylodus Meyer, I, 102; orthotype T. glaber Meyer (fossil).
375. MEYER (1847). Vorldufige Uebersicht der in dem Muschelkalk Ober-
Schlesiens vorkommenden Sanrier, Fischc, Crustaceen und Echinodermen,
nach der Sammlung des Herrn Mentzel in Konigshiitte. Uebersicht Schles.
Ges. Breslau.
Hermann von Meyer.
Omphalodus Meyer, 574; orthotype O. chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A synonym
of ASTERODON.
376. PLIENINGER (1847). Microlestes antiquus und Sargodon tomicus in der
Grenzenbreccie des Keupers von Degerloch. Jahresschr. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk.
Wiirttemberg.
WiLHELM HeINRICH ThEODOR VON PlIENINGER.
Sargodon Plieninger, III, 165; orthotype S. tomicus Plieninger (fossil).
377. WOOD (1847). Description of a Species of Shark (Leiodon echinatum).
Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, II.
William Wood.
Leiodon Wood, 174; orthotype L. echinatum Wood. Name preoccupied; a syn-
onym of SoMNiosus Le Sueur.
1848
378. AGASSIZ (1848). Two New Fishes from Lake Superior, Percopsis and
Rhinichthys. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III.
Louis Agassiz.
Percopsis Agassiz, 80 ; haplotype Percopsis guttatus Ag. = Salmo omiscomaycus
■Walbaum (1792). Also in Lake Superior, 1850, 284.
Rhinichthys Agassiz, 80; haplotype Cyprinus atronasus Mitchill. Also in Lake
Superior, 1850, 353.
* Alipey is probably the same as Alleppi or Allapalli, a seaport of Travancore in southern
India, 33 miles south of Cochin.
BEYRICH, 1848 233
379. BEYRICH (1848). Uebcr Xenacanthus decheni und Holacanthodes gra-
cilis, zwei Fische aus der Formation des Rothliegenden in Nord-Deutschland.
Archiv. f. Mineral., XXII.
Heinrich Ernst Beyrich (1815-1896).
Xenacanthus Beyrich, 24; orthotype Orthacanthus decheni Goldfuss (fossil).
Regarded as a synonym of Orthacanthus Ag. (Pleuracanthus).
Holacanthodes Beyrich, 24; orthotype H. gracilis Beyr. (fossil). A synonym of
Acanthoessus and of Acanthodes.
380. BLEEKER (1848). A Contribution to the Ichthyology of Sumbawa. Journ.
Ind. Arch. IX, 1848.
Pieter Bleeker.
Heterognathodon Bleeker, I, 101 ; orthotype H. bifasciatus Blkr., a substitute
for Heterodon, preoccupied. A synonym of Pentapus Cuv. & Val.
381. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1848). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XXI.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Fario Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 277 ; tautotype Salmo fario L. = Salmo argen-
TEUS Val. Same as Trutta L., a subgenus of Salmo.
Salar Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI. 314; type Salar ausonii Val., a form or ally
of Salmo fario L. A synonym of Fario Val. and Trutta L.
382. DANA (1848). Fossils of the Exploring Expedition Under the Command of
Charles Wilkes, U. S. N.; a Fossil Fish from Australia, and a Belemnife
from Tierra del Fuego. Amer. Journ. Sci., V.
James Dwight Dana (1813-1895).
Urosthenes Dana. V, 433; orthotype U. australis Dana (fossil).
383. EWALD (1848). Ueber Menaspis, cine neue fossile Fischgattung.
Ber. Akad Wiss. Berlin.
August Ewald.
Menaspis Ewald, 83; orthotype M. armata Ewald (fossil).
384. GIEBEL (1848). Die Fische der Vorwelt in seiner Beriicksichtigung der
lebenden Fische.
Christoph Gottfried Andreas Giebel.
Tharsis Giebel, 145; orthotype T. germari Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Lepto-
LEPIS.
Asima Giebel, 184; orthotype A. jugleri Giebel (fossil). A synonym of Radamas
Miinster.
Elonichthys Giebel, 249; logotype E. germari Giebel (fossil).
385. GISTEL (1848). Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fUr hohere Schulen.
Johannes Gistel.
A remarkable dull and confused publication, not hitherto noticed by
ichthyologists. Gistel speaks feelingly of his "hochst miihsamer Ver-
gleichung, zeitraubenden Nachschlagens, in vielen hundert Werken, etc., aus
meinen Manuscripten aufzufiihren". It is not often that so fatiguing a piece
of work presents itself in such a crabbed form. Gistel insists that personal
names of genera are allowable only in Botany and in the lowest classes of
animals ("den niedrigsten Thierklassen").
The following may replace names actually preoccupied :
Abron instead of Platystoma.
234 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Dapalis instead of Smerdis.
Enixe instead of Drepane.
Hypodytes instead of Paracentropogon.
NoTACMON instead of Eurynotus.
Odonus instead of Xenodon (Erythrodon).
Periurgus instead of Microps.
Proscinetes instead of Microdon.
Secutor instead of Deveximentum.
Strephon instead of Brontes.
Strotes instead of Platysomus.
The following are also admissible if a name differing in gender or slightly
in form but from the same roots as an earlier name is to be rejected as
preoccupied :
Analithis instead of Platyrhina.
Alazon instead of Pcecilia.
Englottogaster instead of Oreinus.
FuRO instead of Eugnathus.
M^TiMiLLO instead of Mustelus.
Prenes instead of Scatophagus.
Rhadamista instead of Ctenodus.
Scropha instead of Ceratodus.
Pedites instead of Macropodus.
Tlie twice preoccupied name of Undina Gistel, IX, is offered as a sub-
stitute for Linkia Nardo, said to be a fish, Linkia typus Nardo, preoccupied
by LiNCKiA Ag., a genus of Echinoderms, for which he offers the substitute
name of Catantes. But both Linkias are starfishes and neither a fish.
Another generic name, Phygas Gistel, X, is proposed in place of Polia
(Delia Chiaje, Isis, 1832, 647, Sci.ena), said to be preoccupied in worms,
by Polia Grube, which genus Gistel renames Cyryx. But I am informed by
Mr. Bean that Polia sipunculus Delia Chiaje is itself a worm also, not a fish.
Carcharias Gistel, VIII ; type Squalus acanthias L. ; substitute for Acanthias
Risso, regarded as preoccupied by Acanthia. Carcharias was already twice
preoccupied. A synonym of Squalus L., as restricted.
Pelonectes Gistel, VIII; type (Acanthoessus bronni Ag.). Substitute for
AcANTHODES Ag. (1833), wrongly said to be preoccupied in Crustacea (Ser-
ville, 1835). A synonym of Acanthoessus Ag. (1832).
Gremilla Gistel, VIII; type (Perca cernua L.). A substitute for Acerina Cuv. ;
but Cernua Schafer and Acerina Giildenstadt, as well as Gymnocephalus
Bloch & Schneider are still older than Gremilla.
Adiapneustes Gistel, VIII; type (Acrodus gaillardoti Ag.). A substitute for
AcRODUS Ag. (1838), wrongly regarded as preoccupied by Acrodon Zimmer-
mann (1840).
Histiodromus Gistel, VIII; type (Salmo anostomus L.). Name a substitute for
Anastomus Gronow, Scopoli, Cuvier. All these writers have priority over
Anastomus Illiger (1835), a genus of birds. The name lias often been
written Anostomus.
Nomalus Gistel, VIII; type Lonchurus ancylodon B1. & Schn. (A jaculidens
Cuv. & Val.) Substitute for Ancylodon, preoccupied. A synonym of
Macrodon Schinz (1822).
GisTKL, 1848 235
Hypodytes Gistel, VII 1; orthotype "Aspistes Q. & G.". which is Apistus longis-
piNis Cuv. & Val. The name is a substitute for Apistes ("Aspistes")
regarded as preoccupied.
As the species of Quoy & Gainiard (1834) (longispinis) is the type of
Paracentropogon Blkr., Hypodytes may supersede that name, rather than
replace it by Prosopodasys Cantor (1849). Gistel offers Hypodytes as a
substitute for "Aspistes Quoy, Astrolabe Fische," although Apistes occurs
in the Regne Animal, 1829 (Index), and Apistus in Cuv. & Val, IV, also
in 1829, in the latter part of the same year. As Hypodytes is expressly
used to replace Aspistus (not Aspistes) of Quoy & Gaimard and as the
chief species figured by those authors is A. longispinis, the type of the
later genus Paracentropogon, Hypodytes may replace the latter, if Apistes
or Apistus is deemed occupied.
Scrofaria Giestel, VIII ; orthotype Ausonia cuvieri Risso. Name an unexplained
substitute for Ausonia ; a synonym of Luvarus Raf.
Gliscus Gistel, VIII; type (Blochius longirostris Volta) (fossil). A substitute
for Blochius, a personal name.
Strephon Gistel, VIII; orthotype (Brontes prenadilla (Cuv. & Val.). A sub-
stitute for Brontes Cuv. & Val. several times preocupied.
Thalassoklephtes Gistel, VIII; orthotype (Caninoa chiereghini Nardo). A
substitute for Caninoa Nardo, as a genus unworthy of a prince : "1st denn
der Prinz von Canino mit einem Hayen vergleichbar?"
Scropha Gistel, VIII; type (Ceratodus latissimus Ag.) (fossil). A substitute
for Ceratodus, regarded as preoccupied by Ceratodon Brisson.
Capellaria Gistel, VIII; type (Lophius commersonianus Lac). Substitute for
Chironectes Cuv., preoccupied. A synonym of Antennarius Cuv.
Caeso Gistel, VIII; type (Sparus berda Forskal). A substitute for "Chrysophrys
Riippell" (berda). A synonym of Sparus L. as understood by me.
Cerdo Gistel, VIII; type (Gadus callarias L.) as here restricted. Cerdo is
offered as a substitute for "Asellus Klein." But Klein does not accept
Asellus as a generic name, but discusses its application to various cod-like
fishes. He refers to "Cerdones" in a discussion of dried codfish. We may
therefore regard Cerdo Gistel as a synonym of Gadus L.
Echemythes Gistel, VIII; type (Zeus luna Gmelin). A substitute for Chryso-
Tosus Lac. A synonym of Lampris.
Ronchifex Gistel, VIII; type (Harpe rufa Lac), substitute for Cossyphus
Cuv., preoccupied; Bodianus Bloch and Harpe Lac. are names 'still older
for the same genus.
Rhadamista Gistel, VIII; type (Ctenodtjs cristatus Ag. (fossil). A substitute
for Ctenodus Ag. (1838) regarded as preoccupied by Ctenodon Wagner
(1830).
Pirene Gistel, IX; type (Ch^todon aruanus L.). Substitute for Dascylius;
preoccupied as Dascillus ; Pirene is itself preoccupied and gives way to
Tetradrachmum Cantor, 1849.
Enixe Gistel, IX; type ChvETOdon punctatus L.). A substitute for Drepane
Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Drepane or Drepana Schranck. It has
priority over Harpochirus Cantor (1849).
Secutor Gistel, IX; orthotype Sparus insidiator (Bloch). A substitute for
Equula Cuv., but with a different type. Has priority over Deveximentum
Fowler, if this subgenus is distinct from Leiognathus Lac
236 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Furo Gistel, IX; tj-pe (Eugnathus orthostomus Ag. fossil). Substitute for
EuGNATHUs Ag. regarded as preoccupied by Eugnatha, a genus of spiders.
Notacmon Gistel, IX; type (Eurynotus crenatus Ag. fossil). Substitute for
EuRYNOTUs Ag., preoccupied by a genus of beetles (Kirby, 1817).
Podager Gistel, IX ; logotype Gerres waigiensis Q. & G. Name a substitute for
Gerres, regarded as preoccupied by Gerris Fabricius, a genus of insects.
But Podager is itself preoccupied in birds, and if a new name is needed, it
must give place to Catoch^num Cantor (1849). But the root words,
Gerris and Gerres, are different.
Synergus Gistel, IX; orthotype (Megalurus lepidotus Ag. fossil). A substitute
for Megalurus Ag. preoccupied in mammals, but Synergus is preoccupied
also by Synergus Hartig, 1840, a genus of Hymenoptera, and Megalurus
may be replaced by Urocles Jordan as already indicated.
Ellops Gistel, IX, type (Acipenser helops Pallas). A substitute for Helops,
eXXotJ* being the original Greek form.
Apeches Gistel, IX ; logotype Johnius, carutta B1. & Schn. A substitute for
Johnius, a name regarded as objectionable. In general Gistel offers a sub-
stitute for all personal names everywhere except among plants and the lowest
animals.
Neanis Gistel, IX; type (Labrus julis L.). Name a substitute for Julis Guv.,
regarded as preoccupied by Julus L., a genus of myriapods. But the two
names are of entirely distinct origin.
Exoles Gistel, IX; type (Squalus nasus Bonnaterre). A substitute for Lamia
Bon., itself a synonym of Lamna Cuv.
Apepton Gistel, IX ; orthotype Lepadogaster piger Nardo. A needless synonym
of GouANiA Nardo, a personal name.
Anepistomon Gistel, IX; type (Leptorynchus capensis Smith). A substitute for
Leptorhynchus Smith, preoccupied. A synonym of Ophisurus, as restricted.
Spanius Gistel, IX; type (Leptosoma atra Nardo). Name a substitute for Lepto-
soMA, preoccupied ; probably a synonym of Monochirus Raf. "Soglio bastardo".
Encrotes Gistel, IX ; type Cyprinodon variegatus Lac. A substitute for Lebia
or Lebias Cuv. on account of the name Lebia Latreille, 1802, an earlier name
wrongly attributed to Bonaparte. But Lebia Cuv. (later written Lebias)
is a synonym of Cyprinodon Lac.
Maina Gitsel, IX; type (Sparus chgerorhynchus B1. & Schn.). Name a substitute
for Lethrinus Cuv. unreasonably regarded as preoccupied by Lethrus
Fabricius, a genus of beetles.
Massaria Gistel, IX; type Cyclopterus liparis L. A needless substitute for
Liparis, used in Botany.
Pedites Gistel, IX (Macropodus viridiauratus Lac). Name a substitute for
Macropodus Lac. corrected by Giinther as Macropus, in that form preoccu-
pied by Macropus Thunberg, a genus of beetles. Perhaps to be adopted as
the roots are the same and Macropodus an incorrect form.
Paschalestes Gistel, IX; type (Macquaria australasica Cuv. & Val. Substitute
for Macquaria Cuv. & Val., rejected, as a personal name.
Englottogaster Gistel, IX ; type Oreinus guttatus McCl. Substitute for Oreinus
McCl., regarded as preoccupied in beetles as Oreina. But the generic value
of Oreinus is doubtful.
GiSTEL, 1848 237
Proscinetes Gistel, X; type Microdon elegans Ag. (fossil). Substitute for
MicRODON Ag., preoccupied; replaces Polypsephis Hay, 1899, which is also a
substitute for Microdon.
Periergus Gistel, X; type Microps furcatus Ag. (fossil). A substitute for
MicROPS Ag., preoccupied in beetles.
Arnion Gistel, X; type (Mugil cephalus L.). A substitute for Mugil L. for no
assigned reason.
Myrmillo Gistel, X; orthotype Mustelus vulgaris. A .substitute for Mustelus
Guv., regarded as preoccupied by Mustela L. Same as Pleuracromylon Gill.
Analithis Gistel, X; orthotype Platyrhina sinensis (B1. & Schn.). Substitute
for Platyrhina M. & H., regarded as preoccupied by Platyrhinus, replaced
by DiscoBATUs Garman (1881).
Strotes Gistel, X; type (Stromateus gibbosus Blainv.). Name a substitute for
Platysomus Ag. preoccupied by a genus of beetles.
Abron Gistel, X ; orthotype Silurus lima Ag. A substitute for Platystoma Ag.,
1829, preoccupied in insects.
Plectrostoma Gistel, X; type Oxyrhina mantelli Ag. (fossil). Substitute for
OxYRHiNA Ag., preoccupied. A synonym of Isurus Raf.
Euporista Gistel, X ; type Pleuronectes plagiusa L. A substitute for Plagusia
Bon., preoccupied ; a synonym of Symphurus Raf.
Deportator Gistel, X; type (Silurus anguillaris Forskal). Name a substitute for
Plotosus Lac, needlessly regarded as preoccupied by Plotus L.
Alazon Gistel, X; orthotype (Pcecilia vivipara). A substitute for Pcecilia
Guv. & Val., regarded as preoccupied by Pcecilus Bon., a beetle.
Apodometes Gistel, X; type (Psammodus rugosus Ag., fossil). A substitute for
PsAMMODUS Ag. regarded as preoccupied by Psammodius, a genus of beetles,
but the words are not from the same roots.
Demiurga Gistel. X; type (Rhina ancylostoma B1. & Schn.). A substitute for
Rhina Bon., etc., regarded as preoccupied by Rhina Olivier (1807), a
genus of beetles. But this genus of rays was called Rhina in 1801, by
Bloch & Schneider. The same name was used by non-Linnaean writers
in place of Squatina. For this purpose it was first binomially used in 1810.
If Rhina is used for Squatina, Demiurga could replace it for this genus,
instead of Rhamphobatis Gill (1861).
Prenes Gistel, X; type (Ch^todon argus Bloch). Name a substitute for Sca-
tophagus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Scatophaga. Has priority over
Cacodoxus Cantor, 1849.
Agoreion Gistel, X; type Acanthoderma spinosum Ag. (fossil). Name a sub-
stitute for "Scleroderma Ag.", used in fungi, also as Sclerodermus in bees,
but I find no Scleroderma in Agassiz. It was probably the preoccupied
name, Acanthoderma Ag., which Gistel had in mind ; for this Agoreion
may perhaps be substituted.
Creotroctes Gistel, X ; type Scomber sarda L. Name an unexplained substitute
for Sarda Cuv. It is a synonym of Palamita Bon., offered in 1832 as a
substitute for Pelamys Cuv. & Val., 1831, which is the same as Sarda Cuv.,
1829.
Denius Gistel, X; type (Sparus sargus L.). Name a substitute for Sargus Cuv.,
preoccupied. A synonym of Diplodus Raf.
Borborodes Gistel, X; type (Squalus lichia Cuv., Squalus lichia Bonnaterre).
Substitute for Scymnus Cuv., preoccupied in beetles. A synonym of Scym-
norhinus Bon., 1846.
238 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Dapalis Gistel, XI; type (Perca minuta Blainv.) (fossil). Name a substitute
for Smerdis Ag., 1833, preoccupied by Smerdis Leach, a genus of beetles.
Peroptera Gistel, XI; said to be a fish and substituted for Pertoptera Gistel
"deleatur". I find no reference elsewhere to either name.
Orthocolus Gistel XI ; type Salmo thymallus L. Substitute for Thymallus
Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Thymallus Latr., 1803, a genus of beetles.
But the root word is different. In any event, Choregon Minding has priority
Trompe Gistel, XI, 109; type (Sci^ena jaculatrix Pallas). Name an unexplained
substitute for Toxotes Cuv.
Aphobus Gistel, XI; type (Trachidermis fasciatus Heckel). Name a substi-
tute for Trachidermis Heckel preoccupied as Trachyderma, etc., a synonym
of Centridermichthys Rich., 1844.
Chaetichthys Gistel, XI; type (Trachinus trichodon Steller). Name a substitute
for Trichodon Cuv., deemed preoccupied by Trichoda and Trichodes, but
the root meaning is different.
Lithulcus Gistel, XI; type (Trichopodus mentum Lac). Substitute for Tricho-
PODUS (Trichopus) (Lac.) Cuv. & Val. ; used also in botany. The oldest use
of the name in Zoology is that of Lacepede, 1802 (III, 125), a genus of
fishes already called (116) Osphronemus by the same author.
Odonus Gistel, XI; type (Balistes nicer Lac). A substitute for Xenodon Riip-
pell, preoccupied. Odonus is prior to Erythrodon Riippell, 1852, and to
Pyrodon Kaup. If Zenodon Sw. (1839) is regarded as eligible, not as a
mere misprint, it will be preferred to Odonus.
Eudynama Gistel, XIII, 108; orthotype (Sparus aurata L.). A substitute for
Chrysophrys Cuv. A synonym of Sparus L. as restricted.
Eupnoea Gistel, 105; orthotype Plagiusa lactea Bon. (Symphurus nigrescens
Raf.). A synonym of Symphurus Raf.
Melantha Gistel, 109; orthotype Sci^na nigra Gmelin, "die Seekrahe". A need-
less synonym of Corvina Cuv.
Attilus Gistel, 109; orthotype Sci^na (cirrhosa L.), "der Schattenfisch". A
needless synonym of Umbrina Cuv.
386. GUICHENOT (1848). Notice sur I'etablissement d'un nouveau genre de
Chetodons (Megaprotodon). Rev. Zool.. XI.
Alphonse Guichenot.
Megaprotodon Guichenot 12; orthotype ChvETODON bifascialis Cuv. & Val.
387. GUICHENOT (1848). Feces de Chile. (In Claudio Gay: Historia fisica y
politica de Chile.)
Alphonse Guichenot.
Boxaodon (Guichenot) Gay, II, 208; orthotj'pe B. cyanescens Guich. An ally
of Emmelichthys Rich.
Mendosoma (Guichenot) Gay, II, 212; logotype M. lineatum Guich.
Seriolella (Guichenot) Gay, II, 238; orthotype S. porosa Guich.
Merlus (Guichenot) Gay, II, 238; orthotype M. gayi Guich. Apparently a variant
of Merluccius, of which it is a synonym.
388. HECKEL (1848). Eine neue Gattimg von Pcecilien mit rochenartigem
Anklammerungs-Organe (Xiphophorus). Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein.
Johann Jakob Heckel.
Xiphophorus Heckel, I, 163 ; orthotype X. helleri Heckel.
jERDON. 1848 239
389. JERDON (1848). On the Fresh-water Fishes of Southern India. Madias Journ.
Lit. Sci., XV.
Thomas Claverhill Jerdon (1811-1873).
Pristolepis Jerdon, XV, 141 ; orthotype P. marginatus Jerdon. Replaces Cato-
PRA Blkr.
390. M'COY (1848). On Some New Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II. .
Frederick M'Coy.
Isodus M'Coy, 3; orthotype I. leptognathus M'Coy (fossil).
Colonodus M'Coy. II, 5; orthotype C. longidens M'Coy (fossil).
Osteoplax M'Coy, II, 6; orthotype O. erosa M'Coy (fossil).
391 M'COY (1848). On Some New Ichihyolites front the Scotch Old Red
Sandstone. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., II.
Frederick M'Coy.
Physonemus M'Coy, II, 117; orthotype P. arcuatus M'Coy (fossil).
Erismacanthus M'Coy, II. 118; orthotype E. jonesi M'Coy (fossil).
Asteroptychius (Agassiz) M'Coy, II, 118; orthotype A. ornatus (Ag.) M'Coy
(fossil). Name only, in Poissons fossiles. III, 176, 1843; made valid by
M'Coy, 1848.
Platyacanthus M'Coy, II, 120; orthotype P. isosceles M'Coy (fossil). Name pre-
occupied. A synonym of Oracanthus Ag.
Polyrhizodus M'Coy, II, 125; orthotype P. magnus M'Coy (fossil).
Glossodus M'Coy, II, 127; logotype G. lingua-bovis M'Coy (fossil). Not Glos
SODON Raf.
Climaxodus M'Coy, II. 128; orthotype C. imbricatus M'Coy (fossil). A synonym
of Janassa.
Cheirodus M'Coy, II, 130; orthotype C. pes-ran.e M'Coy (fossil).
Petrodus M'Coy, II, 132; logotype P. patelliformis M'Coy (fossil).
Tripterus M'Coy, II, 306; orthotype T. pollexfeni M'Coy (fossil). A sj'nonym of
OsTEOLEPis Val. Name preocucpied; replaced by Triplopterus M'Coy (1855).
Gyrcptychius M'Coy, II, 307; orthotype G. angustus M'Coy (fossil).
Conchodus M'Coy, II, 312; orthotype C. ostre^formis M'Coy (fossil).
392. MtJLLER (1848). (Fossile Fische.) Reise in den dussersten Norden und
Osten Siberiens wdhrend der Jahr 1843-44. Herausgegeben von A. Th. v.
Middendorf, I.
Johannes Muller.
Lycoptera Miiller, I, 262; orthotype L. middendorfi Miiller (fossil).
393. MULLER & TROSCHEL (1848). Reisen in British-Guiana in den Jahren
1840-44. (Im Auftrag Sr. Majestat des Konigs von Preussen ausgefiihrt
von Richard Schomburgk : I'ersuch einer Fauna und Flora von British-
Guiava. (Fische.) III.)
Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel.
Achames Miiller & Troschel, III, 622; orthotype A. speciosa M. & T.
Polycentrus Miiller & Troschel, III, 622; orthotype P. schomburgki M. & T.
394. RICHARDSON (1848). Fishes: The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S.
"Samarang" ; Under the Command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, During the
years 1842-1846.
240 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
John Richardson.
Choridactylus Richardson, 8; orthotype C. multibarbis Rich. Later spelled Cho-
RISMODACTYLUS.
Sthenopus Richardson, 10; orthotype S. mollis Rich. Name preoccupied; replaced
by Trichopleura Kaup.
Podabrus Richardson, 11; logotype P. centropomus Rich. Preoccupied in beetles;
replaced by Vellitor Jordan & Starks (1894).
Nemichthys Richardson, 25 ; orthotype N. scolopaceus Rich.
Aperioptus Richardson, 21 ;orthotype A. pictorius Rich.
1849
395. AYRES (1849). On a Very Curious Fish, for which the Name Malacosteus
nigcr Is Proposed. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
William O. Ayres.
Malacosteus Ayres, 53 ; orthotype M. nicer Ayres.
396. BLEEKER (1849). A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Ichthyological
Fauna of Celebes. Journ. Ind. Arch., III.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Apogonoides Blacker, III, 70; orthotype A. macassariensis Blkr. This forgotten
genus is based on a species without teeth on the plate ; with the preopercle
entire, no opercular spines: D .VI-1, 9; caudal bilobed. Apogonoides seems
to differ from the later Apogonichthys only in the presence of 6, not 7,
dorsal spines and in the bilobed caudal.
Amblygaster Bleeker, 70; orthotype A. clupeoides Blkr. A synonym of Sardinella
Cuv. & Val. The true sardines (Sardinia Poey) are well distinguished from
Sardinella externally by the strong concentric grooves on the opercles.
Dipterygonotus Bleeker, 70; orthotype D. leucogrammicus Blkr. An ally or
synonym of Emmelichthys Rich.
Pogonognathus Bleeker, III, 73; orthotype P. barbatus Blkr. = Anacanthus
BARBATUS Gray. A synonym of Psilocephalus Sw.
397. BLEEKER (1849). Oversigt dcr te Batavia voorkomende Gladschubbige
Labroiden, met dcschrivning van 11 nieuwe soorten. Verb. Bat. Gen. XXII,
1849, 1-64.
PiETER Bleeker.
Scarus (Forskal) Bleeker XII, 3; orthotype Labrus cretensis L. (not Scarus
Forskal). A synonym of Sparisoma Sw.
398. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Perco'iden van den Malayo-
Molukschen Archipcl, mit beschrijvning van 22 nieuwen soorten. Verb. Batav.
Genootsch., XXII.
PiETER Bleeker.
MuUoides Bleeker, 12; orthotype Mullus flavolineatus Lac.
Upeneoides Bleeker, 63 ; orthotype Mullus vittatus Forskal
399. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Blennioiden en Gobiotden van
den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel, met beschrijvning van 42 nieuwe soorten.
Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XX.
PiETER Bleeker.
BLEEKER, 1849 241
Philypnoides Bleeker, XXIIl, 19; orthotype P. surakartensis Blkr. (Young
of Ophicephalus gachua Ham.) A synonym of Ophicephalus Bloch.
400. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het
eiland Madura, met beschrijz'ing van eenige nienwe species. Verb. Batav.
Genootsch., XXII.
PiETER Bleeker.
Leptonurus Bleeker, XXII, 14; orthotype L. chrysostigma Blkr. A synonym
of Coilia Gray.
Hippichthys Bleeker, XXII, 15; orthotype H. heptagonus Blkr. (not Hippo-
campus HEPTAGONUS Raf.). Probably the same as Corythroichthys Kaup
and of earlier date.
Anodontostoma Bleeker, XXI. 15; orthotype A. hasselti Blkr. = Chatoessus
CHACUNDA Guv. & Val. ; replaces Gonostoma Van Hasselt, 1823, preoccupied.
401. BLEEKER (1849). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het
eiland Bali, met beschrijving van eenige nietiwe species. Verb. Batav.
Genootsch., XXII.
Pieter Bleeker.
Stomianodon Bleeker, XXII, 10; orthotype S. chrysophekadion Blkr. A synonym
of Astronesthes Rich.
402. CANTOR (1849). Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, XVIII (1849). Reprinted as a separate volume, 1850.
Theodore Edward Cantor.
Genyoroge Cantor, 12; loogtype Diacope seb^. Name a substitute for Diacope
Cuv. & Val., preoccupied.
Prosopodasys Cantor, 44; orthotype Apistus alatus Cuv. A substitute for
Apistus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied by Apista, hence must retain the
same type. Pterichthys Sw., 1839, has priority over Prosopadasys.
Corythobatus Cantor, 45 ; orthotype Apistus minous Cuv. & Val. = Minous
MOORA Cuv. & Val. Substitute for Minous, regarded as preocupied by Minoes.
Spondyliosoma Cantor, 50; orthotype Sparus canthaeus L. Substitute for Can-
THARUs Cuv., preocupied.
Catochaenum Cantor, 55 ; orthotype Gerres waigensis Cuv. & Val. Substitute for
Gerres, unnecessarily regarded as preoccupied by Gerris, a genus of insects.
Podager Gistel (1848), also a substitute for Gerres, is preoccupied. I think
that Gerres should hold.
Hatches Cantor, 100; orthotype Ch.etodon orbis Bloch. Substitute for Ephippus
Cav., regarded as preoccupied by Ephippium.
Diphreutes Cantor, 159; orthotype Ch^todon macrolepidotus L.. replacing Henio-
CHUS Cuv. (1817), regarded as preoccupied by Henioche, 1816.
Harpochirus Cantor, 162 ; orthotype Ch.etodon punctatus Gmelin. Same as
Enixe Gistel, 1848, an earlier substitute for Drepane Cuv., regarded as pre-
occupied by Drepana, Drepania, Drepanis and Drepanius.
Cacodoxus Cantor, 163 ; orthotype Ch^todon argus Gmelin. Same as Prenes
Gistel, 1848. Substitute for Scatophagus Cuv. & Val. regarded as pre-
occupied by Scatophaga.
Cannorhynchus Cantor, 211 ; orthotype Fistularia tabacaria L. A synonym of
Fistularia.
Synaptura Cantor, 222; logotype Pleuronectes cOiMMersonianus Lac, as restricted
by Bleeker.
242 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11
Tetradrachmum Cantor, 240; logotype Ch.etodon aruanus L. Same as Pirene
Gistel (1848). A substitute for Dascyllus Cuv., regarded as preoccupied
by Dascillus and often spelled Dascillus.
Prionace Cantor, 399; logotype Squalus glaucus L. Substitute for Prionodon
M. & H., preoccupied.
Rhachinotus Cantor, 422; orthotype Raja africana B1. & Schn. A substitute for
Anacanthus Ehrenb., 1837, preoccupied. A synonym of Urogymnus M. )& H.
Stoasodon Cantor, 434; orthotype Raja narinari Euphrasen. Substitute for
Aetobatis as restricted by Miiller & Henle, the proper type of Aetobatis
Blainv. being regarded by tautonomy as Raja aouila L.
403. CUVIER& VALENCIENNES (1849). Histoire naturelle des poissons. XXII.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Parodon Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 50; haplotype Parodon suborbitale Val.
Brycinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 157; haplotype Brycinus macrolepidotus
Val.
Piabucina Cuvier & Valenciennes. XXII, 161 ; haplotype Piabuciana erythrinoides
Val.
Distichodus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXI, 172; haplotype Salmo nefasch Lac. =
Salmo niloticus Hasselquist.
Tometes Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII. 225 ; logotype Tometes trilobatus Val.
A synonym of Myleus M. & T.
Mylesinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 234; haplotype Mylesinus schomburgki
Val.
Chalcinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 258; logotype Chalcinus br.\chypomus
Val.
Cynopotamus Cuver & Valenciennes, XXII. 317 ; logotype Hydrocyon argenteu.s
Val.
Saurida Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII, 499; logotype Salmo tumbil Bloch.
Farionella Cuvier & Valenciennes, XXII. 507; haplotype Farionella gayi Val. A
synonym of Aplochiton Jenyns (1842).
404. GERMAR (1849). Steinkohle Wittenbergs.
Ernst Friedrich Germar (1786-1853).
Styracodus Germar, 70; orthot3fpe Centrodus acutus Giebel (fossil). A synonym
of Centrodus.
405,406. GIEBEL (1849). Fauna der Vorvelt.
Christian Gottfried Andreas Giebel.
Asima Giebel, 184; orthotype Radamas jugleri Miinster. A synonym of Radamas.
407. HECKEL (1849). Abhandlung iiber cine ncuc fossile Fischgattiing, Chiro-
centrites. und die ersten Ueberrestc eines Sihiroiden aus der Vorwelt. Sitzb.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, II.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Chirocentrites Heckel, I, 18: logotype C. microdon Heckel (fossil). A synonym
of Thrissops.
408. HECKEL (1849). Ichthyohgie (von Syricn). In Russegger, Joseph von,
Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, tnif besondcrcr RUcksicht auf die natur-
wissenschaftlichen V erhiiltnisse der betreffenden Lander unternommen in den
Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. II, part 3. (To this part Dean assigns the date 1843.)
VAN DER HOl'A'KN. 184^^ 24.^
Isodus Heckel, II, 342; orthotype I. sulcatus Heckel (fossil). A synonym of
Enchodus Ag.
Pycnosterina Heckel. 11. 337: orthotype P. russeggeri Heckel (fossil).
409. HOEVEN, VAN DER (1849). Handboek der dierkunde; tweede verbeterde
uifgave; met bijvoegsels en aanmerkingen door Leuckart. .A.msterdam.
Janus van der Hoeven (1802-1868).
Pteronemus Van der Hoeven, H, 177; orthotype Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lac.
A synonym of Cheilodactylus.
Sphyra Van der Hoeven. II; type Squalus zyg^^na L. Emendation of Sphyrna
Raf.
410. JORD.'\N (1849). (Triodus.) Neues Jahrb. von Mineralogie.
August Jordan.
Triodus Jordan, 843 ; orthotype T. sessilis Jordan = Pleuracanthus decheni
(fossil). A synonym of Orth acanthus (Pleuracanthus).
411. M'COY (1849). On Some New Fossil Fish of the Carboniferous Period.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. IJ.
Frederick M'Coy.
Centrodus M'Coy, II, 3; orthotype C. striatulus M'Coy (fossil). Same as Mega-
lichthvs Ag., 1844, not of 1838.
412. MEYER (1849). Fische. etc.. ans dem Miischelkalk Obcr-Schlesiens.
Palaeontographica, I.
Herrmann von Meyer.
Palaeobates Meyer, I. 234; orthotype Psammodus angustissimus Ag. (fossil).
413. MIJLLER & TROSCHEL (1849). Horce Zoologiccc. Beschreibung iind
Abbildting nciier Fische. III.
Johannes Muller; Franz Hermann Troschel.
Sciades Muller & Troschel, III, 6; logotype Sciades pictus M. & T.
Eutropius Muller & Troschel, III, 6; logotype Hypophthalmus niloticus Riippell.
Citharinus Muller & Troschel. Ill, 8; tautotj'pe Serrasalmo citharinus Cuv. =
Salmo unimaculatus Bloch.
Hemiodus Miiller & Troschel. Ill, 9; logotype Anodus crenidens M. & T. =
Salmo unimaculatus Bloch.
Ariodes Miiller & Troschel, III, 9; logotype Ariodes arenarius M. & T.
Erethistes Miiller & Troschel, III, 12; orthotype E. pusillus M. & T.
Carapus (Cuvier) Muller & Troschel, III, 13; logotype, restricted by Eigenmann,
to fasciatus Pallas = Gymnotus carapo L. (Carapus Cuv., but not of
Rafinesque). A synonym of Gymnotus L.
Sternopygus Miiller & Troschel, III, 13 ; orthotype Gymnotus macrurus B1. & Schn.
Rhamphichthys Muller & Troschel, III, 15; orthotype Gymnotus rostratus L.
Cnidon Miiller & Troschel, III, 21 : orthotype C. chinensis M. 'k T. = Labrax
WAiGiENsis Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Psammoperca Rich.
Cichlops Miiller & Troschel, III, 24; orthotype C. microphthalmus M. & T. Name
preoccupied; replaced by Dampieria Castelnau, 1875, or by Labracinus
Schlegel, 1875.
Caprophonus Miiller & Troschel, III, 28; orthotype C. aurora M. & T. = Anti-
gonia capros Lowe. A synonym of Antigonia Lowe.
244 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
413A. NEWMAN (1849). (Devil Fish.) The Zoologist.
Edward Newman.
Brachioptilon Newman. 74: orthotype B. hamiltoni Newman. A synonym of
Manta Bancroft.
414. REID (1849). An Account of a Specimen of the Vaagmcrr . . . Thrown
Ashore in the Firth of Forth. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., III.
John Reid.
Vogmarus Reid, III, 456; orthotype Bogmarus islandicus B1. & Schn. A sub-
stitute for Bogmarus, both names synonyms of Trachipterus Gouan.
415. REINHARDT (1849). Nye sydamerikanskc ferskvandsHske. Vidensk.
Meddel-Naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn.
Johann Theodor Reinhardt (1816-1882).
Hydropardus Reinhardt, 46; orthotype H. rapax Reinh. = Raphiodon vulpinus
Ag. A synonym of Raphiodon.
416. SISMONDA (1849). Descrizione dei pesci e dei crustacei fossili net Piemonte,
Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. X.
Eugenio Sismonda.
Trigonodon Sismonda, 25; orthotype T. oweni Sismonda (fossil).
417. SMITH (1849). Illustrations from the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting
Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of Objects of Natural History Collected
During an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa in 1834-36.
Andrew Smith.
Leptorhynchus Smith, pi. 6; orthotype L. capensis Smith. A synonym of Ophi-
surus Lac, as restricted.
Cheilobarbus Smith, pi. 10; logotype Barbus capensis Smith.
Pseudobarbus Smith, pi. 11; orthotype Barbus burchelli Smith.
Abrostomus Smith, pi. 12; logotype A. umbratus Smith.
Tilapia Smith ; orthotype Chromis nilotica Cuv. & Val. Replaces Chromis Gthr.,
not of Cuvier.
Atimostoma Smith, XXIV; orthotype A. capense Smith. A synonym of Psenes
Cuv. & Val.
Rhineodon Smith, pi. 26; orthotype R. typicus Smith. Misprinted Rhincodon ;
often written Rhinodon.
Xiphiurus Smith ; orthotype X. capensis Smith. Name preoccupied as Xiphiura,
a synonym of Genypterus Philippi,
418. THIOLLIfiRE (1849). Un nouvcau gisement de poissons fossiles dans le
Jura du departemcnt de I'Ain. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, I.
Victor Joseph de l'Isle Thiolliere (1801-1859).
Spathobatis Thiolliere, I, 63; orthotype S. bugesiacus Thiolliere (fosil). A syno-
nym of Aellopos Miinster.
419. WILLIAMSON (1849). On the Microscopic Structure of the Scales and
Dermal Teeth of Some Ganoid and Placoid Fishes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
London.
William Crawford Williamson.
Pholidotus Williamson, 444; orthotype P. leachi Williamson (fossil). A synonym
of Dapedium Leach.
AGASsiz, 1850 245
1850
420. AGASSIZ (1850). Lake Superior: Its Physical Character, Vegetation, and
Animals, Compared with Those of Other and Similar Regions, etc.
Louis Agassiz.
Pcecilosoma Agassiz, 299 ; haplotype Etheostoma variateum Kirtland. Preoccu-
pied ; replaced by Pcecilichthys Ag., 1854.
Argyrosomus Agassiz, 339; haplotype Salmo clupiformis Ag., not of Mitchill =
Salmo harengus Rich. Name preoccupied (Pylaie, 1834) ; replaced by
Thrissomimus Gill (1909). A subgenus under Leucichthys Dybowski.
Hypsolepis (Baird) Agassiz, 368; orthotype Cyprinus cornutus Mitchill. Written
Hypsilepis by Cope.
421. BLEEKER (1850). Bijdrage tot de kennis der Mccnoiden van den Scenda-
Molukschen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXIII.
Pieter Bleeker.
Pentaprion Bleeker, I, 104; orthotype P. gerreoides Blkr.
422. BLEEKER (1850). Bijdrage tot de kennis der visschen met doolhofvormige
kieuwen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Verh. Batav. Genootsch,
XXIII, 1850.
Pieter Bleeker.
Betta Bleeker, XXIII, 12 ; orthotype B. trifasciata Blkr.
423. COSTA (1850). (Fossil Fishes: Ittioliti.) Atti Accad. Pontan, V.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Sarginites Costa, V, 285; orthotype, S. pygm^us Costa (fossil). A synonym of
Leptolepis.
Histiurus Costa, V, 288; orthotype H. elatus Costa. Preoccupied as Istiurus Cuv.,
1829, emended as Histiurus Ag. ; replaced by Knightia Jordan, 1907 ; type
K. eoc^na Jordan.
Rhynchoncodes Costa, V. 317; orthotype R. scacchi Costa (fossil). A synonym
of Propterus Ag.
Blenniomceus Costa, V, 319; orthotype B. longicauda Costa (fossil). A syno-
nym of NOTAGOGUS Ag.
Sauropsidium Costa, V, 322; orthotype S. l.evissimum Costa.
Megalurites Costa, V, 370; orthotype Diodon scill^ Ag. (fossil). A synonym or
fossil ally of Diodon.
424. DIXON (1850). The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous
Formations of Sussex.
A. Francis Dixon.
_ Platylaemus Dixon, 205; orthotype P. colei Dixon (fossil).
Aulodus Dixon, 366; orthotype A. agassizi Dixon (fossil). A synonym of Ptycho-
DUS Ag.
Plethodus Dixon, 366; logotype P. expansus Dixon (fossil). (Not Plethodon
Tschudi, a genus of lizards.)
Pomognathus Dixon, 367; orthotype P. eurypterygius Dixon (fossil). A sync
nym of Halec Ag.
Prionolepis (Egerton) Dixon, 368; orthotype P. angustus Egert. (fossil).
Homonotus Dixon, 372; orthotype B. elegans Dixon (fossil).
Berycopsis Dixon, 372; orthotype B. elegans Dixon (fossil).
246 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II
Stenostoma Dixon, 373; orthotype S. pulchella Dixon (fossil).
Pachyrhizodus (Agassiz) Dixon, 374; orthotype P. basalts Dixon (fossil).
Tomognathus Dixon, 376; logotype P. mordax Dixon (fossil).
425. EGERTON (1850). PaUchthyologic Notes. Supplemental to the Work of
Prof. Agassiz on the Ganoidei heterocerci. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond.
Philip de Malpa Grey Egerton.
Plectrolepis (Agassiz) Egerton, VI, 4; orthotype P. rugosus (Ag.) Egert. (fossil).
A synonym of Eurynotus Ag. = Notacmon Gistel.
426. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1850). Siir un poisson fossilc de la Grece
(Platacanthus). Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou., XXIII.
Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853).
Platacanthus Fischer von Waldheim. XXIII, 286; orthotype P. ubinoi Waldheim
(fossil). An extinct ally of Dicentrarchus Gill = Labrax Cuv., not Pallas.
427. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1850). Ommatolampcs et Trachclacanthus.
genera pisciuni fossilium nova, in Uteris Eduardo ab Eichzvald datis, descripta.
Mosquae.
Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim.
Ommatolampes Fischer von Waldheim, 4; orthotype O. eichwaldi Fischer.
Trachclacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, 9; orthotype T. stschurovskii Waldheim
(fossil).
428. GIF>BES (1850). Mososaurus and Allied Genera. Smithsonian Contr.
Knowledge, II.
Robert Wilson Gibbes (1809-1866).
Conosaurus Gibbes, 10; orthotype C. bowmani Gibbes. Name regarded as pre-
occupied by Coniosaurus,- replaced by Conosaurops Leidy (1868).
429. GUICHENOT (1850). Exploration scientifique de I'Algerie. Paris.
Alphonse Guichenot.
Gadiculus Guichenot, 101 ; orthotype G. argenteus Guich.
430. HECKEL (1850). Beitrdge z'ur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische Oesterreichs.
Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I.
JoHANN Jakob Heckei,.
Saurorhamphus Heckei I, 217; orthotype S. freyeri Heckei (fossil).
Lepidopides Heckei, I, 239; Lepidopus leptospondylus Heckei (fossil). A syno-
nym of Anenchelum Blainv. and probably of the living genus Lepidopus
431. JERDON (1850). (Pristolepis.) Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., XVI.
Thomas Claverhill Jerdon.
Pristolepis Jerdon, XVI, 298; orthotype P. marginatus Jerdon. Jerdon {Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1865, 298) claims priority of Pristolepis over Catopra Blkr.
Catopra was first noted in 1851.
432. LANKESTER (1850). (Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone.)
Edwin Ray Lankester (1847- ).
Zenaspis Lankester, 43; orthotype Cephalaspis salweyi Egert. (fossil). A syno
nym of Cephalaspis.
433. LOWE (1850). An Acconut of Fishes Discovered or Observed in Madeira
Since the Year 1S42. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XVIII.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
piCTET. 1850 247
Phaenodon Lowe. 250; orthotypc P. ringens Lowe. A synonym of Astronesthes
Rich.
434. PICTET (1850). Description dc qiiclqiics poissons fossUcs dii Mont Liban.
Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, XII, 1849, published m 1850.
Francois Jules Pictet (1809-1872).
Petalopteryx Pictet, 20; orthotypc P. syriacus Pictet (fossil).
Eurypholis Pictet, 28 logotype E. boissieri Pictet (fossil). A synonym of Sauror-
HAMPHUS.
Spaniodon Pictet, 33; logotype S. blondeli Pictet (fossil).
Coccodus Pictet, 51; orthotye C. armatus Pictet (fossil).
435. RICHARDSON (1850). Notices of Australian Fish. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
XVIII.
John Richardson.
Sciaenoides (Solander MS.). Richardson, 62; haplotype S. abdominalis Solan-
der = Sci.^na macroptera Forster ; in synonymy only ; a species of Dacty-
LOSPARUS Gill.
Threpterius Richardson, 68; orthotypc T. maculosus Rich.
Olisthops Richardson, 74; orthotypc O. cyanomelas Rich. (Also in Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., VIII, 185, 290,) Name spelled Olistherops by Giinther.
436. TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL (1850). Fauna Japonica (last part).
Coenraad Jacob Temminck; Hermann Schlegel.
Pseudoblennius Temminck & Schlegel, 313; orthotypc P. percoides Gthr.
Pseudoclinus Temminck & Schlegel, pi. LXXIX ; orthotypc Pseudoblennius per-
coides Gthr. A slip of the pen for Pseudoblennius.
Velifer Temminck & Schlegel, 312; orthotypc V. hypselopterus Blkr.
437. THIOLLIfiRE (1850). Un nouveau gisement de poissons fossilcs dans le
Jura dc departement dc I'Ain. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyon, I.
Victor Joseph de l'Isle Thiolliere.
Disticholepis Thiolliere, III, 136; orthotypc M. fourneti Thiolliere. A synonym of
Macrosemius Ag.
Oligopleurus Thiolliere, III, 154; orthotypc O. esocinus Thiolliere (fossil).
1851
438. BLEEKER (1851). Visschen van Banka. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, 1851.
Pieter Bleeker.
Gnathanodon Bleeker, 160; orthotypc Scomber speciosus Forskal. Not Caranx of
Lacepede, as first restricted (to C. carangus) by Bleeker.
439. BLEEKER (1851). Nieuwe bijdrage tot dc kennts der ichthyologische fauna
van Borneo, met hcschrijvning van cenige nieuwe soortcn van zoetzvater-
visschen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, II.
Pieter Bleeker.
Wallago Bleeker, 202 ; orthotypc Wallago dinema Blkr.
Achiroides Bleeker, 262; logotype Plagusia melanorhynchus Blkr.
Clupeoides Bleeker, 275 ; orthotypc C. borneensis Blkr. A synonym of Corica Gray.
Luciocephalus Bleeker, 278 ; orthotypc Diplopterus pulcher Gray. Replaces Dip-
lopterus Gray, preoccupied in birds.
248 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
440. BLEEKER (1851). Over einige nicuwe geslachtcn en soorten van Makreel-
agtige Visschen van den Indischen Archipel. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie,
I, 1851.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Decapterus Bleeker, II, 358 ; orthotype Caranx kurra Cuv. & Val.
Selar Bleeker, 359; logotype Caranx hasselti Blkr. (C. boops Cuv. & Val. indi-
cated as type by Jordan & Evermann, 1898, was not named in Bleeker's first
account (only S. hasselti, S. kuhli, S. macrurus, S. malam).
Carangoides Bleeker, 366; orthotype Caranx pr^ustus Bennett, th,e only other
species here mentioned being C. atropus, type of Atropus Cuv. Defined to
include Citula, Atropus and Olistus as well as Carangoides proper, as
restricted by Jordan & Evermann.
Leioglossus Bleeker, 367 ; orothotype L. carangoides Blkr.
Stromateoides Bleeker, I, 368; orthotype Stromateus cinereus Bloch ; a synonym
of Pampus Bon.
441. BLEEKER (1851). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna
van Borneo, etc. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II.
Pieter Bleeker.
Tetrabranchus Bleeker, II, 69; orthotype T. microphthalma Blkr. A synonym
of Symbranchus Bloch.
Catopra Bleeker, 172; orthotype C. fasciata Blkr. A synonym of Pristolepis
Jerdon, 1850.
442. BLEEKER (1851). Cheilinoides, een nieuw geslacht van gladschubhige La-
broiden van Batavia. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II
Pieter Bleeker.
Cheilinoides Bleeker, II, 71 ; orthotype C. cynanopleura Blkr.
443. BLEEKER ( 1851). Vierde bijdrage tot den kennis der ichthyologische fauna
van Borneo, met beschrijvning van eenige nieuwe soorten van soetwater-
TMSschen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, IT.
Pieter Bleeker.
Bagroides Bleeker, II, 204 ; orthotype B. melanopterus Blkr.
444. BLEEKER (1851). Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna
van Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II, 1851.
Pieter Bleeker.
Megalaspis Bleeker, 11, 213; orthotype Scember cordyla L. (Caranx rottleri
Blkr.).
Selaroides Bleeker, II, 213 ; orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Later
called Leptaspis, the reason not stated.
Spratelloides Bleeker, 214 ; orthotype Clupea argyrot^enia Blkr.
445. BLEEKER (1851). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van
de Banda eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, II.
Pieter Bleeker.
Labroides Bleeker, II, 249; orthotype L. paradiseus Bleeker.
Syngnathoides Bleeker, 259; orthotype S. blochi Blkr. Replaces Gasterotokeus
Heckel (1856).
GAIMARD, 1851 249
446. GAIMARD (1851). Voyage dc la Commission Scientifique du Nord. Voy-
age en Skandinavie, en Lapponie, a Spitsberg et aux Faroe, Paris, VII.
Zoologie (1851).
Joseph Paul Gaimard.
Eperlanus Gaimard, VII ; orthotype Salmo eperlanus L. A synonym of Osmerus
L. (Not seen.)
447. GIRARD ( 1851 ) . On the Genus Cottus auct. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, III.
Charles Frederic Girard (1822-1895).
Acanthocottus Girard, III, 185 ; logotype Cottus grcenlandicus Cuv. & Val.
A section under Myoxocephalus Steller.
448. GIRARD (1851). Some Additional Observations on the Nomenclature and
Classification of the Genus Cottus. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Ill (for 1848),
1851.
Charles Frederic Girard.
Cottopsis Girard, HI, 303; orthotype Cottus asper Rich. A section of Cottus L.
449. GRAY (1851). Description of a New Form of Lamprey from Australia with a
Synopsis of the Family. Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
John Edward Gray.
Geotria Gray, 143; orthotype Geotria australis Gray.
Velasia Gray, 143 ; orthotype V. chilensis Gray.
Caragola Gray, 143 ; orthotype C. lapicida Gray. Same as Mordacia Gray.
Mordacia Gray, 144 ; orthotype Petromyzon mordax Rich. A synonym of Cara-
gola Gray.
Lampetra Gray, 235 ; logotype Petromyzon fluviatilis L.
450. LUTKEN (1851). Nogle bemaerkingcr am naeseborenes stiling hos de i gruppe
med Ophisurus staaende slaegter af aalefamilien. Vidensk. Meddel. Natur-
hist. Foren. Kjobenjavn.
Christian Frederik Lutken (1827-1901).
Myrophis Lutken, 1 ; orthotype M. punctatus Lutken.
Chilorhinus Liitken, 1 ; orthotype C. suensoni Liitken.
45L MEYER (1851). Fossile Fische aus dem Muschelkalk van Jena, Querfurt
und Esperstadt. Palasontographica.
Hermann von Meyer.
Tholodus (Meyer) Schmid & Schleiden, I, 199; orthotype T. schmidi (fossil).
Perhaps a tooth of a reptile.
452,453. MEYER (1851). Palceontographica. I.
Hermann von Meyer.
Nephrotus Meyer, I, 243; orthotype Omphalodus chorzowensis Meyer (fossil). A
synonym of Asterodon.
454. M'COY (1851). (Steganodictyum.) Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII.
Frederick M'Coy.
Steganodictyum M'Coy, VIII. 481; orthotype S. cornubicum M'Coy (fossil).
(Shields of a Pteraspid mistaken for part of a sponge.)
455. THOMPSON (1851). On Percopsis pellucida. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., IIL
Zadock Thompson (1796-1856).
Salmoperca Thompson, HI, 164; haplotype Salmoperca pellucida Thompson =
Percopsus guttatis Ag. = Salmo omiscomaycus Walbaum. A synonym of
Percopsis Ag., 1848.
250 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II
456. WAGNER (1851). Beitrdge sur Kenntniss der in den lithographischen
Schiefern abgelagerten urweltlichen Fische. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., VI.
JoHANN Andreas Wagner (1797-1861).
Mesodon Wagner, VI, 56; orthotype Gyrodus macropterus Ag. (fossil). Name
preoccupied in mollnsks. Rafinesqiie, 1819; replaceable by Typodus Quenstedt.
1858.
Strobilodus Wagner, VI, 75; orthotype S. giganteus- Wagner (fossil). A synonym
of Caturus Ag.
1852
457. BLEEKER (1852). Bijdrage tot de kcnnis der Makreelachtige visschen
van den S oenda-M olukschen Archipel. Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV. 1852.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Leptaspis Bleeker. XXIV, 71 : orthotype Caranx leptolepis Kuhl & Van Hasselt.
Called earlier Selaroides, the reason for changing not known to me.
458. BLEEKER ( 1852) . Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen
Archipel. Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXIV.
Pieter Bleeker.
Hemigaleus Bleeker. XXIV, 45; orthotype H. microstoma Blkr. Preoccupied in
mammals as Hemigalea.
459. BLEEKER (1852). Diagnostische beschrijvning van nieuwe of weinig bekende
visschsoorten van Sumatra. Nat Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, III. 1852.
Pieter Bleeker.
Pristipomoides Bleeker, III, 574; orthotype P. typus Blkr. Replaces Ch^tofterus
T. & S., preoccupied
460. BLEEKER (1852). Derde bijdrage tot dc kcnnis der ichthyologische fauna
lan Celebes. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie. III.
Pieter Bleeker.
Carangichthys Bleeker. Ill, 760; orthotype C. typus Blkr. A synonym of Caranx
Lac. (based on young specimens).
461. DUMfiRIL (1852). Monographic dc la famillc dcs torpedinicns, ou poissons
plagiostomes electriques. Rev. Mag. Zool., IV.
Auguste Henri Andre Dumeril (1812-1870).
Hypnos A. Dumeril, 279; orthotype H. subnigrum Dum. Name preoccupied; re-
placed by Hypnarce Waite, 1902.
462. EGERTON (1852). Fish: Elasmodns, etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of
British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geo. Surv. United Kingdom.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Lophistomus Egerton, Dec. VI, No. 10; orthotype L. dixoni Egert. (fossil).
463. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM (1852). Sur quelques poissons fossiles de la
Russie. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XXV.
Gotthelf Fischer von Waluheim.
Pycnacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, XXV, 174; orthotype (not named by
Woodward) (fossil). (An unrecognized fragment.)
Siphonodus Fischer von Waldheim, XXV, 175; orthotype S. panderi Waldheim
(fossil).
GEKVAIS. 1852 251
464. GERVAIS (1852). Zoologic et Paleontologie Frangaises. II.
pRANgois Louis Paul Gervais.
Sandroserrus Gervais, II, 8; orthotype Perca rebouli Gervais (fossil).
465. LOWE (1852). An Account of Fishes Discovered or Observed in Madeira
Since the Year 1H42. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, ser. X.
Richard Thomas Lowe.
Leptorhjmchus Lowre, X, 54; orthotype L. leuchtenbergi Lowe. Name preoccu-
pied ; replaced by Belonopsis Brandt. A synonym of Nemichthys Rich.
466. QUENSTEDT (1852). Handbnch der Petrefaktenkunde.
Friedrich August von Quenstedt (1809-1889).
Selachidea Quenstedt, 173; orthotype S. torolosi Quenstedt (fossil). Probably a
.synonym of Hybodus.
Serrolepis Quenstedt, 207; orthotype S. suevicus Dames, (fossil).
Pleurolepis Quenstedt, 214; orthotype P. semicinctus Quenstedt (fossil). A syno-
nym of Tetragonolepis Bronn.
467. ROEMER (1852). Die Kreidebildungcn von Texas und ihre organischen
Einschliissc. Mit einem die Beschrcibung von Versfeinerungen aus paliio-
zoischen und tertiHren Schichten enthaltenden Anhange und mit 11 von Chohe-
nach der Natur auf Stein geseichneten Tafeln. . Bonn.
Carl Ferdinand von Roemer.
Ancistrodon (Derby) Roemer, 30; orthotype later called A. texanus Dames (fossil).
Teeth undetermined. Name preoccupied in snakes as Agkistrodon ; replaced
by Ankistrodus Koninck, 1870, scarcely better, and by Grypodon Hay, 1899.
468. RUPPELL (1852). Verzeichniss der in dent Museum der senckenbergischen
naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgesfellten Sammlungen. Vierte .\btheilung.
Fische und deren Skelette.
WiLHELM Peter Eduard Simon Ruppell.
Microichthys Ruppell, 1 ; orthotype M. coccoi Riippell.
Pharopteryx Riippell. 16; orthotype P. benoit Riippell. Not Ph.^ropterx of
Riippell, 1828, which is a synonym of Plesiops Guv. A synonym of Mora
Risso.
ChcEfops Riippell, 20 ; orthotype C. meleagris Riippell. A synonym of Chcerodon
Blkr.
Sarotherodon Riippell, 21 ; orthotype S. melanoTheron Riippell.
Erythrodon Ruppell, 34; orthotype Balistes ntger Lac, Balistes erthrodon Gthr.
Substitute for Xenodon Riippell, 1835, preoccupied, but the name Odonus
Gistel (1848) has priority and Zenodon Sw. (1829) is still older, if available.
1853
469. AGASSIZ (1853). Recent Researches of Professor Agassiz. (Extract from
letter to J. D. Dana dated Cambridge, June 9, 1853). Amer. Journ. Sci., XVI.
Louis Agassiz.
In this paper four new genera are briefly described. The species con-
cerned were not named until later.
Chologaster Agassiz, 135; (haplotype Chologaster cornutus Ag.). Short account
of the genus, the species named later.
Heterandria Agassiz. 135; (logotype H. Formosa Ag.). Stated to contain two
species named later, H. Formosa and H. holbrookt, the latter being Gam-
252 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
BUSiA PATRUELis Baird & Grd. After consultation with Professor Poey
FORMOSA was chosen by Jordan as the type of Heterandria. This name
replaces GiRARniNUS Poey.
Zygonectes Agassiz, 135 ; logotype Poecilia olivacea Storer = Semotilus notatius
Raf. Brief notice of genus; its species indicated in 1854 (Fish. Tennessee
River) .
Melanura Agassiz, 135; orthotype Exoglossum annulatum Raf. Note on the
genus, the type indicated on page 217 of the same journal. A synonym of
Umbra Gronow.
470. AGASSIZ (1853). Extraordinary Fishes from California Constituting a New
Family (Holconoti or Embiotocidce). Amer. Journ. Sci., XVI.
Louis Agassiz.
Embiotoca Agassiz, 386 ; orthotype E. jacksoni Ag.
471. BAIRD & GIRARD (1853). Descriptions of New Species of Fishes Collected
by Mr. John H. Clark on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under
Lt.-Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Spencer Fullerton Girard (1823-1887) ; Charles Girard.
Ceratichthys Baird & Girard, 391 ; orthotype C. vigilax Baird & Girard (not of
Baird & Girard, 1856). No description. Replaces Cliola Grd., 1856.
472. BAIRD & GIRARD ( 1853). Descriptions of Nczu Fishes from the River Zuni.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard.
Gila Baird & Girard, VI, 368; logotype Gila robusta Grd.
473. BLEEKER (1853). Diagnostische beschrivningen van nieiave of weinig
bekende visschsoorten van Batavia. Tintal I-IV. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-
Indie. IV, 1853.
Pieter Bleeker.
Murasnichthys Bleeker, 506; orthotype M. gymnopterus Blkr.
474. BLEEKER (1853). Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kcnnis de ichthyologische fauna
van Ternate en Halmaheira (Giolo). Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, IV.
Pieter Bleeker.
Polypterichthys Bleeker, II, 608; orthotype P. valentini Blkr. A synonym of
AULOSTOMUS.
475. BLEEKER (1853). Zcvende bijdrage tot dc kennis der ichthyologische
fauna van Borneo. Zoetwatervisschcn van Sambas, Pontianak en Pengaron.
Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, V.
Pieter Bleeker.
Datnioides Blkr., V, 440; orthotype Cius polota Ham. A synonym of Coius Ham.,
as restricted by Fowler, 1905, to Coius polota. This antedates the restric-
tion by Jordan {Genera of Fishes, 1917, 114) to C. cobojus Ham.
476. BLEEKER (1853). Bijdrage to de kennis der Murcenoiden en Symbranchoiden
van den Indischen Archipel. Verb. Batav. Genootsch., XXV.
Pieter Bleeker.
Stethopterus Bleeker, XXV, 24, 36; orthotype Ophisurus vimineus Rich. A syno-
nym of Leiuranus Blkr. and having line priority.
BLEEKER, 1853 253
Leiuranus Bleekcr, XXV, 36; orthotype L. lacepeoei Blkr. (Ophisurus semi-
ciNCTUS Bennett.). Same as Stethopterus Blkr., the latter having line
priority, the name Leiuranus preferred by the author.
477. BLEEKER (1853). Nalezingen op de ichthyologie van Japan. Verh. Batav.
Genootsch., XXV.
PiETER Bleeker.
Atherinichthys Bleeker, 40; orthotype Atherina humboldtiana Cuv. & Val.
A synonym of Chirostoma Sw.
Atherinoides Bleeker, 40; orthotype Atherina vomerina Cuv. & Val. = Atherina
humboldtiana Cuv. & Val. A synonym of Chirostoma Sw.
Etrumeus Bleeker, XXV, 48; orthotype Clupea micropus T. & S.
478. BLEEKER (1853). Nalezingen op de ichthyologische fauna van Bengalen en
Hindostan. Verh. Batav. Genootsch., XXV.
PiETER Bleeker.
Bogoda Bleeker, 89; Chanda bogoda Ham. = Chanda nama Ham. A synonym
of Chanda as now restricted.
Badis Bleeker, 106; orthotype Labrus badis Ham. = Badis buchanani Blkr.
Bagarius Bleeker, 121 ; tautotype Pimeludus bagarius Ham.
479. COSTA (1853). (Fossil Fishes of Italy.) Atti Soc. Pontan, VH.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
lonoscopus Costa, 2; orthotype L petraroi.e Costa (fossil). Name changed in
1864 to QEnoscopus Costa for no obvious reasons.
Calignathus Costa, VH, 17; orthotype Blenniomceus longicauda Costa (fossil).
A synonym of Notagogus Ag
Glossodus Costa, VH, 26; orthotype Pycnodus mantelli Ag. (fossil). Name
preoccupied; to be replaced by Cosmodus Sauvage (1879).
480. GERVAIS (1853). Rcmarques sur les poissons flitviatiles de I'Algerie, et
description de deux genres nouveaux souls les nonts de Coptodon et Tellia.
Ann. Nat. (Zool).), XIX.
pRANgois Louis Paul Gervais.
Coptodon Gervais, H, 15; orthotype C. zilli Gervais. Also in Bull. Soc. Agr.
Herault, 1853, 80.
Tellia Gervais, XIX, 15; orthotype Tellia apoda Gervais.
481. KAUP (1853). Uebersicht der Lophohranchicr. Archiv. Naturg.
Johann Jacob Kaup (1802-1873).
All these genera, except Hemimarsupium, are repeated in Kaup's Cata-
logue of the Lophobranchiate Fishes in the British Museum, 1856.
Acentronura Kaup, 230 ; orthotype Hippocampus gracillimus T. & S.
Gasterotokeus (Heckel) Kaup, 230; orthotype Syngnathus biaculeatus Bloch =
Syngnathoides blochi Blkr. A synonym of Syngnathoides Blkr.
Halicampus Kaup, 231 ; logotype H. grayi Kaup.
Trachyrhamphus Kaup 231 ; orthotype T. serratus Kaup (not Syngnathus ser-
RATUS T. & S.).
Corythroichthys Kaup, 231 ; logotype C. albirostris Heckel. A synonym of
Hippichthys Blkr.
Ichthyocampus Kaup 231 ; logotype I. belcheri Kaup.
Leptonotus Kaup, 232; orthotype Syngnathus blainvilleanus Eydoux & Ger-
vais.
254 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Leptoichthys Kaup, 232; orthotypc L. fistularis (Bibron).
Stigmatophora Kaup, 233; logotype Syngnathus argus Rich.
Doryrhamphus Kaup, 233; orthotype D. excisus Kaup.
Choeroichthys Kaup, 233 ; orthotype C. valenciennesi Kaup.
Doryichthys Kaup, 233; logotype D. bilineatus Heckel.
Hemimarsupium Kaup, 234; orthotype Typhlus gondotii Bibron. For this name
Kaup has substituted in 1856 the name Hemithylacus. Replaces Cgelono-
Tus Peters, 1855.
Microphis Kaup, 234; logotype Syngnathus deokhata Ham.
482. KOLLIKER (1853). Weiterc Bemcrkungcn ilbcr die Hclmichthyiden. Verb.
Phys. Med. Ges. Wiirzburg., IV.
Rudolph Albert von Kolliker (1817-1905).
Tilurus Kolliker, IV. 100; orthotype T. gegenbauri KoUiker. A larva of some
form allied to Congpr.
Hyoprorus Kolliker, IV, 101; orthotype H. messinensis Kolliker. A larva of
Netastoma Raf.
483. OWEN (1853). (Fossil Fishes.) Quarterly Journ. of Geology.
Richard Owen.
Parabatrachus Owen. IX, 67; orothotype P. colei Owen (fossil). Same as Centro-
DUS M'Coy, a preoccupied name.
484. POMEL (1853). Catalogue methodiqne dcs vertehrcs fossiles dc la Loire.
A. PoMEL.
Propalaeoniscus Pomel, 133; orthotype P. agassizi Pomel (fossil) (undescribed).
Probably the same as Elonichthys.
Cobitopsis Pomel, 134; orthotype C. exilis Pomel (fossil).
Poecilops Pomel, 135; orthotype P. ereviceps Pomel (fossil).
485. KOMANOVSKII 1833). lleber eine neue Gattung versteinerte Fisch-Zdhne.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XXVI.
Ghennadi DANiLOVicii Romanovskii.
Dicrenodus Romanovskii, XXVI, 407; orthotype D. okensis Romanovskii (fossil).
Same as Carcharopsis Ag.
1854
486. AGASSIZ (1854). Notice of a Collection of Fishes from the Southern Bend
of the Tennessee River in the State of Alabama. Am. Journ. Sci., XVII.
Louis Agassiz.
Pcecilichthys Agassiz, 304; orthotye Etheostoma v.^riatum Kirtland. Substitute
for Pcecilosoma Ag., preoccupied.
Catonotus Agassiz, 305 ; haplotype C. lineolatus Ag. This name has been regarded
as a synonym of Etheostoma, but a decision of the International Committee
makes Etheostoma identical with Hyostoma.
Hadropterus Agassiz, 305 ; haplotype H. nigrofasciatus Ag.
Hyostoma Agassiz. 305; haplotype H. newmani Ag. = Etheostoma blennioides
Raf. 1818. A synonym of Etheostoma Raf. and of Diplesion Raf. (1820).
Hybopsis Agassiz, 358; haplotype H. gr.a.cilis Ag., identified by me with Rutilus
amblops Raf., a member of the group called Erinemus Jordan. If this iden-
tification is correct, Agassiz must have overlooked the characteristic barbel.
His description fairly fits another species of the same waters, without a l)ar-
AGAssiz. 1854 255
bel, Hybopsis stramineus Cope (Minnilus microstomus Raf)., a near ally
of Alburnops blennius, type of Alburnops. Girard and Jordan identify
Hybopsis with Erinemus; Cope with the Alburnops group. Girard's view
seems on the basis of evidence available to be correct, and Hybopsis replaces
Erinkmus.
Hypsolepis (Baird) Agassiz, 359; haplotype Cyprinus cornutus Mitchill. A sub-
genus under Notropis. A synonym of Luxilus Raf., later written Hypsilepis.
487. AGASSIZ (1854). Additional Notes on the Holconoti. Amer. Journ. Sci.
XVHI (May, 1854).
Louis Agassiz.
Rhacochilus Agassiz, 367 ; orthotype R. toxotes Ag.
Amphistichus Agassiz, 367 ; orthotype A. argenteus Ag.
Holconotus Agassiz, XXVII, 367; orthotype H. rhodoterus Ag.
488. AYRES (1854). (Description of Neiv Fishes from California.) Proc. Calif.
Acad. Nat. Sci., I (1857).
William O. Ayres.
Clypeocottus Ayres, 12; orthotype C. robustus Ayres = Aspicottus bison Grd.
A synonym of Aspicottus Grd. of the same date.
489. AYRES (1854). (Description of Four Species of Fishes, Camarina nigricans,
Poronotus simillimus Ayres, Johnius nobilis, and SeripJius politus.) Proc.
Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci.. i (1857).
William O. Avres.
Seriphus Ayres. 80; orthotype Seriphus politus Ayres.
Camarina Ayres, 81 ; orthotype Camarina nigricans Ayres. A synonym of
Girella Gray.
490. BAIRD & GIRARD (1854). Descriptions of New Species of Fish Collected
in Texas, New Mexico and Sonora, by Mr. John H. Claris on the U. S. and
Mexican Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Capt. Stewart Van Vliet, U.S.A.
Proc. .A.cad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard.
Herichthys Baird & Girard, 25; haplotype H. cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard.
A synonym of Herds Heckel, itself a synonym of A.stronotus Sw.
Ailurichthys Baird & Girard, 26; haplotype Silurus marinus Mitchill (name
corrected to ^lurichthys by Gill). A synonym of Bagre (Cuvier) Oken,
1817, and Felichthys Sw., 1839.
Astyanax Baird & Girard, 26; haplotype A. argentatus Biard & Girard.
491. BAIRD & GIRARD (1854). Notice of a Neiu Genus of Cyprinidce (Cochlog-
nathus). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Spencer Fullerton Baird; Charles Girard.
Cochlognathus Baird & Girard, 150; haplotype C. ornatus Baird & Girard.
492. BLEEKER (1854). Species pisciuni bataviensiuni novcc vel minus cognitar.
Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, VI.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Seriolichthys Bleeker, VI, 196; orthotype Seriola bipinnulata Q. & G. A syno-
nym uf Elagatis Bennett.
256 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
493. BLEEKER (1854). Bijdragc tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van
het eiland Flores. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, VI, 1854, 311-338.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Apogonichthys Bleeker, 321 ; logotype A. perdix Blkr.
Labrichthys Bleeker, 415; orthotype L. cyanot.enia Blkr.
494. BLEEKER (1854). Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna
fan Amhoina. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, VI.
PiETER Bleeker.
Tropidichthys Bleeker, VI, 501 ; logotype T. margaritatus Blkr. A synonym of
Canthigaster Sw.
494A. BLEEKER (1854). Bijdrage tot de Kennis van de ichthyologische fauna
van Celebes. Nat. Tidschr. Neder.-Indie, VII.
PiETER Bleeker.
Chonerhinos Bleeker, 259; orthotype Tetraodon modestus Blkr.; replaces Xenop-
TERUS Bibron (1855).
495. BRANDT (1854). (Belonopsis.) Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg.
JOHANN FrIEDRICH BrANDT.
Belonopsis Brandt, 174; orthotype Leptorhynchus leuchtenbergi Lowe. Substi-
stitute for Leptorhynchus, preoccupied ; a synonym of Nemichthys Rich.
496. COSTA (1854). Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enumerazione di tutti gli
animali chc abitano Ic diverse regioni di qnesto regno e le acque che le
bagnano; contcneute la descrizione di nuovi o poco estattamente conosciuti;
con figure ricavata da original viventi e depinte al naturale di O. G. Costa
(continuata da A. Costa).
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Helmichthys Costa, tavola 31 ; orthotype H. diaphanus Costa. A larva of Conger.
497. EGERTON (1854). On Some New Genera and Species of Fossil Fishes.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII.
Philip de Malpas Grey ILgerton.
iEchmodus Egerton, X, 367; logotype Tetragonolepis confluens Ag. (fossil).
A substitute for Tetragonolepis Ag., not of Bronn. A synonym of Dapedium
Leach.
Histionotus Egerton, XIII, 434; orthotype H. angularis Egert. (fossil).
Legnonotus Egerton, III, 435; orthotype L. cothamiensis Egert. (fossil).
498. EGERTON (1854). Palceichthyologic Notes. ..Supplemental to the Works
of Prof. Agassiz. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. On a fossil (Dipteronotus
CYPHUs) from the upper beds of the new red sandstone at Bromsgrove, X.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Dipteronotus Egerton, X, 369; orthotype D. cyphus Egert.
499. EICHWALD (1854). Lethcea Rossica, ou Palentologie de la Russie decrite
et figuree.
Carl Eduard von Eichwald.
Thyestes Eichwald, I, 108; orthotype T. verrucosus Eichw. (fossil).
500. GIBBONS (1854). Description of New Species of Viviparous Marine and
Fresh-water fishes, from the Bay of San Francisco and from the River and
Lagoons of the Sacramento. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII. (These
GIBBONS, 1854 257
genera were printed in advance, in the local proceedings of the society,
in the Daily Placer Times and Transcript, San Francisco, May and June,
1854 (the genus Mytilophagus, excepted.)
William P. Gibbons.
Hysterocarpus Gibbons, May 18; orthotype H. traski Gibbons (later published in
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.).
Cymatogaster Gibbons, May 18; haplotype C. aggregatus Gibbons (not Cymato-
GASTER of Gibbons, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 123. or of Placer Times,
June 21. which is a synonym of Holconotus Ag.)
Hyperprosopon Gibbons, May 18; orthotype H. argenteus Gibbons.
Micrometrus Gibbons, May 30; restricted by Alexander Agassiz, 1861, to logotype
M. minimus Gibbons. Replaces Abeona Grd.
Pachylabrus Gibbons, June 21 ; orthotype P. variegatus Gibbons. A synonym of
Rhacochilus Ag.
501. GIBBONS (1854). Description of New Species of I'iviparous Marine and
Fresh-zvater Fishes, from the Bay of San Francisco, and from the River and
Lagoons of the Sacramento. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, VII.
William P. Gibbons.
In this paper are repeated the descriptions in the Daily Placer Times
and Transcript, with the addition of the genus Mytilophagus, and the
transfer of the name Cymatogaster to the group called Holconotus by
Agassiz.
Mytilophagus Gibbons, 125 ; orthotype M. fasciatus Gibbons ( not in the Placer
Times). A synonym of Amphistichus Ag.
502. GIRARD (1854). On a Nezv Genus of American Cottoids. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., IV (for 1851), 1854.
Charles Frederic Girard.
Triglopsis Girard, IV, 16; haplotype T. thompsoni Grd. Name changed on
account of the earlier Triglops to Ptyonotus by Gthr., 1860; this change
is not necessary.
502A. GIRARD (1854). Description of New Fishes Collected by A. L. Heermann,
Naturalist Attached to the Survey of the Pacific Railroad, Under Lieut. R. S.
Williams, U. S. A. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII.
Charles Frederic Girard.
Aspicottus Girard, 130; orthotype A. bison Grd.
Leptocottus Girard, 130; orthotype L. armatus Grd.
Scorpaenichthys Girard, 131 ; orthotype Hemitripterus marmoratus Ayres.
Ophiodon Girard, 133 ; orthotype O. elongatus Grd.
Atherinopsis Girard, 134; orthotype A. californiensis Grd.
Pogonichthys Girard, 136; logotype Pogonichthys in^equilobus Baird & Girard.
Lavinia Girard, 137 ; haplotype L. exilicauda Baird & Girard.
Platichthys Girard. 139 ; orthotype P. rugosus Grd. = Pleuronectes stellatus
Pallas.
Pleuronichthys Girard, 139; orthotype P. ccenosus Grd.
Parophrys Girard, 139; orthotype P. vetulus Grd.
Psettichthys Girard, 140; orthotype P. melanostictus Grd.
503. GIRARD (1854). Enumeration of the Species of Marine Fishes Collected at
San Francisco, California, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly, Naturalist, Attached to
258 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
the Survey of the PaciHc Railroad Route Under Lieut. A. IV. Whipple.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VIII.
Charles Frederic Girard.
Porichthys Girard, 141 ; orthotype P. notatus Grd.
Heterostichthus Girard, 143; orthotype H. rostratus Grd.
Apodichthys Girard, 150; logotype A. flavidus Grd.
Phanerodon Girard, 153; orthotype P. furcatus Grd.
504. GIRARD (1854). Abstract of a Report to Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U. S. N .,
Upon the Fishes Collected During the U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition
to Chili. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (Complete report printed in 1855.)
Gharles Frederic Girard.
Percichthys Girard, 197; logotype Perca trucha Cuv. & Val.
Percilia Girard, 197; orthotype P. gillissi Grd.
Basilichthys Girard. 198; orthotype Atherina microlepidota Jenyns.
Heterognathus Girard, 198; logotype Atherina humboldtiana, Cuv. & Val. A
synonym of Chirostoma Sw.
Nematogenys Girard. 198; orthotype Trichomycterus inermis Guich.
Cheirodon Girard, VII, 199; orthotype Cheirodon pi.sciculus Grd. Name spelled
Chirodon by Giinther.
505. GIRARD (1854). Notice Upon the P'iviparous Fishes Inhabiting the Pacific
Coast of North America, zvith an Emimeration of the Species Observed.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII.
Gharles Frederic Girard.
Damalichthys Girard. 321 ; orthotype D. vacca Grd. = Embiotoca argyrosoma Grd.
Abeona Girard, 322; orthotype A. trowbridgei Grd. A synonym of Micrometrus
Gibbons, as restricted by A. Agassiz (1861).
Ennichthys Girard, 322; logotype Holconotus megalops Grd. A synonym of
Hyperprosopon Gibbons.
506. GRONOW (1854). Catalogue of Fishes Collected and Described by Laurence
Theodore Gronow, Now in the British Museum. Edited from the manuscript,
by Albert Giinther (written about 1770, an admirable paper, had it seen the
light 80 years earlier).
LoRENZ Theodor Gronow.
(Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius.)
Pastinaca Gronow, 11; logotype P. \.mv\s Gronow, Raja pastinaca- Gronow.
A synonym of Dasyatis Raf.
Holacanthus Gronow, 23 ; orthotype H. leionothos Gronow. Name preocupied ;
a synonym of Tetraodon L. as understood.
Cestreus Gronow, 49; orthotype C. carolinensis Gronow. Name preoccupied by
Cestreus McCl. ; equivalent to Cynoscion Gill.
Boops Gronow, 58; orthotype B. asper Gronow = Priacanthus boops Cuv. A syno-
nym of Priacanthus Cuv.
Gonopterus Gronow, 77; orthotype G. mcerens Gronow. A synonym of Zanclus
Cuv.
Adonis Gronow, 93 ; logotype A. pavoninus Gronow = Blennius ocellaris L.
A synonym of Blennius L.
Gonocephalus Gronow, 105 ; orthotype G. macrocephalus Gronow = Trigla
volitans L. a synonym of Dactylopterus Lac.
HECKEi.. 1854 259
Sarda Gronow, 119; logotype Sarda immaculata Gronow = Scomber pelagicus L.,
not of Cuvier; a synonym of Coryph^na L.
Thynnus Gronow, 121 ; logotype T. moluccensis Gronow ; name preoccupied ;
a synonym of Scomberoides Lac.
Trachurus Gronow, 124; logotype T. cordyla L. Name preoccupied; same as
Megalaspis Blkr.
Merlucius Gronow, 129 ; orthotype M. lanatus Gronow. Same as Merluccius Raf.
Glanis Gronow, 135; orthotype G. imberbis Gronow = Mystus chihala Ham.
A species of Notopterus. Name preoccupied.
Macrogfnathus Gronow, 147 ; logotype Centriscus scolopax L. Name preoccupied ;
a synonym of Macrorhamphosus Lac.
Chromis Gronow, 149; orthotype C. epicurorum Gronow = Gasterosteus salta-
TRix L. Name preoccupied ; a synonym of Pomatomus Lac.
Cephalinus Gronow, 159; logotype Blennius torvus. A synonym of Congiopus
Perry (Agriopus Guv.).
Trichopterus Gronow, 162; orthotype T. indicus Gronow = Cheilodactylus
fasciatus Lac. A synonym of Cheilodactylus Lac.
Cordylus Gronow, 163 ; orthotype Scomber scombrus L. A synonym of Scomber L.
Mystus Gronow, 165 ; type M. carolinensis Gray. Name preoccupied ; a synonym
of Eagre Cuv. = Felichthys Sw.
Lepturus Gronow, 165 ; orthotype Lepturus brevirostris Gronow = Coryph^noides
rupestris Gunner. A synonym of Coryph^noides Gunner.
Dascillus Gronow, 171 ; type not named ; a chipeid fish, part of the description lost ;
not Dascyllus Cuv.
Amia Gronow, 173 ; orthotype A. perc^formis Gronow = Apogon moluceensis
Blkr. This is the first use of the name Amia by a binomial author (after
Gronow's non-binomial use in 1763) in place of Apogon Lac. This was
followed afterward by Bleeker, Gill and others.
Stethochaetus Gronow, 174; orthotype S. biguttatus Gronow; a synonym of
Setipinna Sw. (Telara Gthr.).
Acronurus Gronow, 190 ; logotype Teuthis hepatus L. A synonypm of Hepatus
or Teuthis.
507. HECKEL (1854). Ueber fossile Fische aiis Chiavon und das geologische
Alter dcr sie enihaltenden schichtcn. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, IX, 1854,
322-334.
JoHANN Jacob Heckel
Galeodes Heckel, XI, 324; orthotype Galeocerdo priscus Zigno (fossil). A fossil
ally of Galeocerdo.
508. HECKEL (1854). Bericht ueber die vom Herrn Cavaliere Achille de Zigno
hier angeiangte Sammlimg fossiler Fische. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XI,
1854.
JoHANN Jacob Heckel
Solenorhynchus Heckel, XI, 126; orthotype S. elegans Heckel (fossil).
Enneodon Heckel XI, 127; orthotype E. echinus Heckel (fossil). Name pre-
occupied, replaced by Heptadiodon ; a fossil ally of Diodon.
Vomeropsis Heckel, XI, 134; logotype Vomer longispinus Ag. (fossil).
509. HYRTL (1854). Beitrag zur Anatomie von Heterotis ehrenbergii C. et V.
Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VIII.
Carl Joseph Hyrtl (1811-1894).
260 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Helicobranchus Hyrtl, VIII, 11; orthotype Sums niloticus Cuv. & Val. A sub-
stitute for Heterotis Ehrenb. ; preoccupied, already replaced by Clupisudis
Sw., 1839.
510. KNER (1854). Die Panzerwelse des K. K. Hofnaturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien.
I. Abtheilung, Loricarina. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1854. (An abstract
in Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, X. 113.)
Rudolph Kner,
Hemiodon Kner, about 65 ; logotype H. depressus Kner.
Acestra Kner, 93 ; orthotype A. acus Kner. Name preoccupied ; replaced by
Farlowella Eigenmann (1890).
511. KNER (1854). Die Hypostomiden. Zweite Hauptgruppe der Familie der
Panserfische (Loricata vel Goniodontes). Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1853.
This paper appeared in 1854, an abstract in Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1853.
Rudolph Kner.
Ancistnis Kner VII, 272; logotype Hypostomus temmincki Val, as restricted by
Bleaker, 1863; Eigenmann (1912) indicates as type A. cirrhosus Kner, a
congeneric species.
512. MARCUSEN (1854). VorlduUge Mittheilung ans einer Abhandlung iiber die
Familie der Mormyren. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., XII.
JOHANN MaRCUSEN
Petrocephalus Marcusen, XII, 10; orthotype Mormyrus bane Val.
513. OWEN (1854). Descriptive Catalogue of the Fossil Organic Remains of
Reptilia and Pisces Contained in the Museum of the Royal College of
Surgeons of England. London, XIX.
Richard Owen.
Eucynodus Owen, 160; orthotype E. hunteri Owen (fossil).
Acropoma Owen, 164; orthotype A. alta Owen (fossil). Name preoccupied by
ACROPOMA T. & S.
Toxopoma Owen, 164 orthotype T. politum Owen (fossil).
Cariniceps Owen, 165; orthotype C. compressus Owen (fossil); name only,
referred by Woodward to synonym of Eothynnus.
Platygenys Owen, 165; orthotype P. rugosus Owen (fossil).
Pygacanthus Owen, 166; orthotype P. altus Owen (fossil).
Planesox Owen, 169; orthotype P. vorax Owen (fossil). Name only, noted by
Woodward, Cat., V, 519, 1901. Same as Percostoma Ag.
Platops Owen, 170; orthotype P. subulidens Owen (fossil). Undefined; supposed
to be a synonym of Brych^tus (Ag.)
Sciaenurus Owen, 171; orthotype S. longior Owen (fossil). Name only; noted
by Woodward, Cat., 519, 1901.
514. POEY (1854). Nuevo genero de peces Escombridos, Epinnula magistralis
Poey. Memorias de Cuba, I.
Felipe Poey y Aloy (1799-1891).
Epinnula Poey, I, 369 (April, 1854) ; orthotype E. magistralis Poey.
515. POEY (1854). Los Guajacones, peces de agua dulce. Memorias de Cuba,, I.
(June, 1854.)
Felipe Poey y Aloy.
Gambusia Poey, I, 382 ; orthotype G. punctata Poey.
RAPP. 1854 261
Girardinus Poey I, 383; orthotype G. metallicus Poey. A syonym of Heteran-
DRiA Ag. as restricted by Poey.
Limia Poey, I, 382; orthotype L. cubensis Poey. A synonym of Pcecilia Cuv.
(Alazon Gistel).
516. RAPP (1854). Die Fische des Bodensees untersucht und beschrieben.
Jahresschr. Ver. Vaterl. Naturg. Wiirtemberg, X.
WiLHELM LUDWIG VON RaPP.
Umbla Rapp, 32; orthotype Salmo umbla == Salvelinus alpinus L. A synonym
of Salvelinus Rich.
517. RICHARDSON (1854). Vertebrates, Including Fossil Mammals. (In Forbes,
Edward (editor), The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. "Herald," Under
the Command of Captain Henry Kellett, R. N., During the Years 1845-1851.
London.
John Richardson.
Prilonotus (Miiller) Richardson; orthotype P. caudacacinctus Rich. A synonym
of Canthigaster Sw. or Psilonotus Sw^.
Anchisomus (Kaup) Richardson, 156; logotype Tetraodon spengleri Bloch. A
synonym of Spheroides L. as restricted.
518. THIOLLIfiRE (1854). Description des poissons fossiles provenant des gise-
ments coralliens du Jura dans le Bugey. Lyons.
Victor Joseph de l'Isle Thiolliere.
Holochondrus Thiolliere, 4; orthotype (not named) (name only) (fossil).
Spathobatis Thiolliere, 7; orthotype S. bugesiacus Thiolliere (fossil).
Belemnobatis Thiolliere, 8; orthotype B. sismond^e Thiolliere (fossil.
Phorcynus Thiolliere, 9; orthotype P. catulina Thiolliere (fossil). An ally of
Squatina Dum.
519. TROSCHEL (1854). Ueber die fossilien Fische aus der Braunkohle des
Siebengebirges. Verb. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westphal.
Franz Hermann Troschel.
Tarsichthys Troschel, XI, 11; orthotype Leuciscus tarsiger Troschel (fossil).
A fossil analogue of Tinca Cuv.
1855
520. AGASSIZ (1855). Synopsis of the Ichthyological Fauna of the Pacific Slope
of North America, Chiefly from the Collections Made by the Expedition
Under the Command of Captain C. Wilkes, etc. Amer. Journ. Sci., XIX.
Louis Agassiz.
Bubalichthys Agassiz, 192 ; orthotype Carpiodes urus Ag. Regarded as a synonym
of IcTiOBUs Raf.
Ptychostomus Agassiz, 203 ; logotype Catostomus aureolus Le Sueur. A synonson
of MoxosTOMA Raf.
Hylomyzon Agassiz, 205 ; haplotype Catosomus nigricans Le Sueur. A synonym
of Hypentelium Raf.
Acrocheilus Agassiz, 211; orthotype Leuciscus alutaceus Rich.
Campostoma Agassiz, 218 ; orthotype Rutilus anomalus Raf.
Hyborhynchus Agassiz, 223 ; haplotype Minnilus notatus Raf.
Hybognathus Agassiz, 223 ; haplotype H. nuchalis Ag.
262 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Ptychocheilus Agassiz, 227; logotype Ptychocheilus gracilis Ag. = Cyprinus
OREGONENSIS Rich.
Mylocheilus Agassiz, 229; haplotype Mylocheilus lateralis Ag.
521. AYRES (1855). Description of New species of Calif ornia Fishes. Proc. Cal.
Acad. Sci., I, 1855.
WiLLIM O. AyRES.
Leptogunnellus Ayres, 26 ; orthotype L. gracilis Ayres. A synonym of Lumpenus.
Anarrhichthys Ayres, I, 33 ; orthotype A. ocellatus Ayres.
Mylopharodon Ayres, 23 ; orthotype M. robustus Ayres.
Cebedichthys Ayres, I, 59; orthotype C. violaceus Ayres.
Notorhynchus Ayres, I, 72 ; orthotype N. maculatus Ayres.
Calycilepidotus Ayres, I, 76; orthotype C. spinosus Ayres.
522. BASILEWSKI (1855). Ichtliyographia China: Borealis. Nouv. Mem. Soc.
Nat. Moscou, X.
Stephanus Basilewski.
Nasus Basilewski, 234; orthotype Cyprinus nasus L. A synonym of Chon-
DROSTOMA Ag.
Leptocephalus Basilewski, 234; logotype L. mongolicus Basilewski. Name pre-
occupied in eels ; replaced by Chanodichthys Blkr.
Cephalus Basilewski, 235 ; orthotype C. mantschuricus Basilewski. Name pre-
occupied ; a synonym of Hypophthalmichthys Blkr.
Culter Basilewski, 236; logotype C. alburnus Basilewski, as restricted by Bleeker
and Giinther. Under the head of Culter Basilewski mentions especially
(Cyprinus cultratus L.) the type of Pelecus Ag., although he does not
exactly specify this as type. He then proceeds to describe certain Chinese
species. For some of these the name Culter has been kept, although
Basilewski plainly intended to make his type Cyprinus cultratus, in which
case Culter would be a synonym of Pelecus. At present we follow the
authority of Bleeker and Giinther.
Eperlanus Basilewsky, 242; orthotype E. chinensis Basilewsky = Salanx hyalo-
cranius Abbott. Name preoccupied ; a synonym of Salanx Cuv.
Osteoglossum Basilewski, X, 244; logotype O. prionostoma Basilewski. Name
preoccupied by Osteoglossum Vandelli. A synonym of Ch^etomus McCl.
Apterigia Basilewski, 247 ; logotype A. saccogularis Basilewski. A synonym of
Monopterus Lac. or Fluta B1. & Schn.
523. BIANCONI (1855). Specimina soologica Mosanibicana quibus vcl nova: vel
minus nota: animalium species illustrantur. Bononice.
Giovanni Giuseppe Bianconi (1809-1878).
Megalepis Bianconi, 270; orthotype M. alessandrai Bianconi (= Upenoides vit-
TATUS, fide Giinther). A synonym of Upenoides Blkr.
524. BIBRON (1855). Note sur un travail inedit de Bibron relatif aux poissons
plectognathes gymnodontes (Diodons et Tetrodons). Rev. Mag. Zool., VIII.
Gabriel Bibron.
This is an important piece of work, but left incomplete at the death of
its author, hence becoming in some degree a stumbling block in taxonomy. It
was ably continued with the same material by HoUard in 1857. Edited by
Auguste Henri Dumeril.
Promecocophalus Bibron, 279 ; orthotype Tetraodon l^vigatus L. A synonym
of Lagocephalus Sw.
BLEEKER, 1854 263
Dilobomycter Bibron, 279; orthotypc T. reticularis B1. & Sclin. A synonym of
OvOIDES.
Amblyrhynchotus Bibron, 279; orthotype Tetraodon honckeni Bloch. (in French
form only). Apparently distinct from Lagocephalus Sw.
Stenometopus Bibron, 279; logotype Tetraodon testudineus L. A synonym of
Spheroides Dum.
Dichotomycter Bibron, 279; orthotype Tetraodon pluviatilis Ham. A synonym
of Tetraodon L. Later called Brachycephalus by Hollard.
Epipedorhynchus Bibron, 279; orthotype Tetraodon preycineti Bibron. No diag-
nosis. A synonym of Ovoides Cuv.
Geneion Bibron, 280; orthotype G. maculatus Bibron. Apparently a synonym of
Lagrocephalus Sw.
Catophorhynchus Bibron, 280; orthotype C. lampris Bibron. Probably a syno-
nym of Lagocephalus Sw.
Batrachops Bibron, 280; orthotype Tetraodon psittacus B1. & Schn. Name pre-
occupied ; replaced by Colomesus Gill.
Monotreta Bibron, 280; orthotype Tetrodon cutcutia Ham. (French form only),
the Latin given by Hollard, 1857 ; also spelled Monotretus. A synonym of
Leiodon Sw.
Rhynchotus Bibron, 280 ; orthotype Tetraodon gronovii Cuv. A synonym of
Canthigaster Sw.
Ephippion Bibron, 280; orthotype E. maculatum Bibron = Tetrodon guttifer
Bennett, 1830. Regarded as twice preoccupied as Ephippium, therefore
replaced by Hemiconiatus Gthr., 1870.
Aphanacantbus Bibron, 280 ; orthotype T. reticulatus Bibron. No diagnosis.
Regarded by Bleeker as identical with Monotreta (= Leiodon). A syno-
nym of Leiodon Sw.
Xenopterus Bibron, 281 ; orthotype X. bellengeri Bibron = Tetraodon naritus
Rich. A synonym of Chonerhinos Blkr. (1854). Chonerhinos has clear
priority, as claimed by Bleeker.
525. BLEEKER (1855). Over eenige visschen van Van Diemensland. Verb. Akad.
Amsterdam, H, 1855, 1-30.
Pieter Bleeker.
Upeneichthys Bleeker, 7; orthotype Upeneus porosus Cuv. & Val.
Brachionichthys Bleeker, H, 12; logotype B_. politus Blkr.
Gnathanacanthus Bleeker, II, 21 ; orthotype G. goetzi Blkr. Replaces Holoxenus
Gthr.
526. BLEEKER (1855). Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna
van de Kokos-eilanden. Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., III.
Pieter Bleeker.
Amphiprionichthys Bleeker, III, 172; orthotype Micropus unipinna Gray. Re-
places MiCROPUS Gray, preoccupied.
527. BLEEKER (1855). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de
Batoe-eilanden. Nat Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie, VIII.
Pieter Bleeker.
Dinematichthys Bleeker, 318; orthotype D. iluoccetoides Blkr.
528. BLEEKER (1855). Visschen van de Duisend-eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr.
Neder.-Indie, VIII, 1855, 344.
Pieter Bleeker.
264 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Serranichthys Bleeker, 344; orthotype Serranus altivelis Cuv. & Val. A syno-
nym of Cromileptes Sw. as restricted by Bleeker and by Swain.
529. BLEEKER (1855). Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna
van Amboina. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder-Indie, VIII.
Pieter Bleeker.
Uraspis Bleeker, VI, 418; orthotypt U. carangoides Blkr. Near Selenia Bon.;
perhaps a synonym of the latter.
530. BLEEKER (1855). Nalesingen op de vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen
van Lahat en Sibogha. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, IX, 1855, 257-280.
Pieter Bleeker.
Luciosoma Bleeker, IX, 258; orthotype Barbus Cuv. & Val.
Schismatorhynchos Bleeker, IX, 258; orthotype Lobocheilus heterorhynchos
Blkr.
Clupeichthys Bleeker, IX, 275; orthotype C. goniognathus Blkr. A synonym of
CoRiCA Ham.
Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, IX, 279, 258 ; orthotype Barbus kalopterus Blkr.
531. BRONN (1855). Lethcca Gcognostica, oder Abbildungen und Beschreigen
der fur die Gebirgs-Forniation bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. Stuttgart,
Ed. I, 1834; Ed. Ill, 1855.
Heinrich Georg Bronn (1800-1862).
Archaeoteuthis (Roemer) Bronn, I, 520, ed. Ill; orthotype Pteraspis dunensis
Huxley (fossil). A synonym of Pteraspis Kner.
Heptadiodon Bronn, HI, 677; orthotype Enneodon echinus Heckel (fossil).
Name substitute for Enneodon Heckel, preoccupied.
532. CASTELNAU (1855). Expedition dans les parties centrales de I'Amerique
du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima a Para; executee . . . pendant
les annees 1834 a 1844. (Tome 3.)
(Comte) pRANgois L. de Laporte de Castelnau (1812-1880).
Plataxoides Castelnau, 21 ; orthotype P. dumerili Castelnau. A synonym of
Pterophyllum Heckel.
Genidens Castelnau, 33; tautotype Bagrus genidens Cuv. & Val. = Genidens
cxrviERi Castelnau.
Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau, 95; orthotype Sternarchus oxyrhynchus
M. & T. = Sternarchorhynchus mulleri Castelnau; replaces Rhampho-
sternarchus Gthr., 1870.
Acanthodemus Castelnau; logotype Hypostomus aurantiacus Castelnau; name
in French only (Acanthodemes), latinized by Marschall (Nomenclator
Zoologicus, 1873).
533. COSTA (1855). Su di iin nuovo genere di pesce fossile (Cacus). Atti Reale
Accad. Sci. Napoli, II.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Cacus Costa, II, 234. (Noted by Dean and Eastman, not by Woodward. Prob-
ably a misprint for C^us Costa (C. leopoldi, 1864).)
534. EGERTON (1855). Fish: ... (In Figures and Descriptions of British
Organic Remains.) Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Oxygnathus Egerton, VIII, No. 9; orthotype O. ornatus Egert. (fossil).
FiLippi, 1855 265
535. FILIPPI (1855). (Gadopsis.) Zeitschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VII.
FiLippo DE FiLippi (1814-1867).
Gadopsis Filippi, VII, 170; orthotype Oligopus ater Risso. Name preoccupied by
G.^DOPSis Rich. (1844) It may be replaced by the new name, Verater Jor-
dan, orthotype Oligopus ater Risso.
536. HOLBROOK (1855). Ichthyology of South Carolina. (Edition of 1855
nearly but not all destroyed by fire ; replaced in 1860 by a second edition.
The generic names should date from 1855.
John Edwards Holbrook (1796-1871).
Diplectrum Holbrook, 32; orthotype D. fasicularis Holbrook = Perca Formosa L.
Lagodon Holbrook, 59; orthotype Sparus rhomboides L.
Bothrolaemus Holbrook, 80; orthotype Trachinotus pampanus Cuv. & Val.
(Trachinotus carolinus). a synonym of Trachinotus.
Homoprion Holbrook, 168 (second edition. 1860) ; orthotype H. lanceolatus
Holbrook. A synonym of Stellifer (Cuvier) Oken.
537. KAUP (1855). Enchclynassa, ncue Gattung aiis dcr Familie der Aale. Arch.
Naturgesch. XXI.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Enchclynassa Kaup, 213 ; orthotype E. bleekeri Kaup. Perhaps the same as Ench-
LYCORE Kaup (1856).
538. KAUP (1855). Uebersicht iiber die Species einiger Familien der Sclerodermen.
Wiegmann's Arch. Naturg., XXI.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Cibotion (Kaup), 215; orthotype Ostracion cubicus L. A synonym of Ostra-
cioN as here restricted.
Capropygia (Gray) Kaup, 220; orthotype C. unistriata Gray.
Centaurus Kaup, 221 ; orthotype Ostracion boops Rich. A larva of Mola.
Kentrocapros Kaup, 221 ; orthotype Ostracion aculeatus Houttuyn.
Anoplocapros Kaup, 221 ; orthotype A. grayi Kaup.
Dicotylichthys Kaup, 230; orthotype D. punctulatus Kaup.
Cyanichthys Kaup, 231 ; orthotype C. ceruleus Kaup (not of Q. & G.) == Diodon
tigrinus Cuv. A synonym of Chilomycterus Bibron.
Cyclichthys Kaup, 231 ; logotype Diodon orbicularis Bloch.
Pyrodon Kaup ; orthotype Balistes nicer LaC. Name a substitute for Xenodon,
preoccupied. Later than Zenodon Sw., Odonus Gistel and Erythrodon
Riippell, substitutes for Xenodon.
539. KNER ( 1855) . Ichthyologische Beitrdge. Abh. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII.
Rudolf Kner.
Bunocephalus Kner, XVII, 95 ; type B. verrucosus Bloch.
Oxydoras Kner, XVII, 115; orthotype Doras nicer Kner, not of Val. = Oxydoras
kneri Blkr.
Clarotes Kner, XVII, 313; orthotype Pimelodus laticeps Riippell.
Pareiodon Kner, XVII, 611; orthotype P. microps Kner. Spelled Pariodon by
Giinther.
540. M'COY (1855). Descriptions of the British Palceozoic Fossils in the Geo-
logical Museum of the University of Cambridge.
Frederick M'Coy.
Diplopterax M'Coy, 586; orthotype (D. macrolepidotus Ag.) (fossil). Name a
substitute for Diplopterus, preoccupied.
266 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART 11
Triplopterus M'Coy, 589; orthotype Tripterus pollexfeni M'Coy (fossil). A
synonym of Osteolepis ; name a substitute for Tripterus, preoccupied.
Poecilodus M'Coy, 638; logotype P. jonesi (Ag.) M'Coy (fossil) as restricted
by Woodward.
Pristicladodus M'Coy, 642; orthotype P. dentatus M'Coy (fossil). A synonym
of DicRENODUS Romanovskii.
541. MEYER (1855). Physichthys honingshausi aus dent Uebergangskalkc der
Eifel. Palaeontographica, IV.
Hermann Meyer.
Physichthys Meyer, IV, 80; orthotype Asterolepis hceningshausi Ag. (fossil).
A synonym of Macropetalichthys.
542. NILSSON (1855). Skandinavisk fauna. Fjerde Delen : Fiskarna. Lund.
XXXIV.
SVEN NiLSSON.
Blenniops Nilsson, IV, 184 ; orthotype Blennius galerita Pennant, not of Linnaeus.
A synonym of Chirolophis Sw.
Ctenodon Nilsson, IV, 190; orthotype Clinus maculatus Fries. Name three
times preoccupied; replaced by Leptoclinus Gill.
543. PETERS (1855). Uebersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Seefische.
Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin.
Wilhelm Carl Hartwig Peters.
Ctenopoma Peters, XXI, 1, 247; orthotype C. multispinis Peters, not Ctenopoma
of Heckel, 1856.
Pteragogus Peters XXI 261; orthotype Cossyphus opercularis Peters.
Anosmius Peters, XXI, 274; orthotype T. t^niatus Peters. A synonym of C^N-
thigaster Sw.
Coelonotus Peters XXI, 465; orthotype C. argulus Peters.
544. ROEMER (1855). Palceoteuthis, eine Gattung nakter Cephalopoden in
devonischen Schichten der Eifel. Palasontographica. IV.
Carl Ferdinand von Roemer.
Palasoteuthis Roemer, IV, 72; orthotype Pteraspis dunensis Huxley (fossil))
(wrongly supposed to be a cuttle-fish). A synonym of Pteraspis Kner.
545. STORER (1855). A History of the Fishes of Massachusetts. Mem. Araer.
Acad. Arts. Sci. Boston, V.
David Humphreys Storer.
Cheilonemus (Baird) Storer, 285; haplotype Leuciscus pulchellus Storer =
Cyprinus corporalis Mitchill. Same as Leucosomus Heckel, regarded as
preoccupied by Leucosoma.
546. VALENCIENNES (1855). Ichthyologie de la Voyage de la Venus.
AcHiLLE Valenciennes.
Doydixodon Valenciennes; orthot3'pe D. freminvillei Val.
Passer (Klein) Valenciennes, 344; haplotype P. marchionessarum Val. Name
preoccupied in birds. A synonym of Platophrys Sw.
Smecticus Valenciennes, 305; orthotype Smecticus bicolor Val. A synonym of
Rypticus.
AGASsiz, 1856 267
1856
547. AGASSIZ (1856). The Habits of the Giants of Aristotle. Proc. Amer. Acad.
Sci. Arts. Sci. III.
Louis Ag.^ssiz.
Glanis Agassiz ; orthotype Glanis aristotelis Ag. ; not Glanis Ag., 1829, a sub-
stitute for Bagre ; not Glanis Gronow, 1854. Same as Parasilurus BIkr.
548. ASMUSS (1856). Das vollkommenste Hautskelet der bisher bekannten
Thierreihe. An fossilien Fischen des altcn rothen Sandsteins aufgefiinden
itnd aus ihren Resten erldutcrt. Abh. Erlangung der Magisterwurde, Dorpat.
Hermann Asmuss.
Heterosteus Asmuss, 7; orthotype Asterolepis asmussi Ag. A synonym of Ich-
thyosauroides Kutorga.
Homostius Asmuss. 8; orthotype H. formosissimus Asmuss (fossil). (Name cor-
rected to HOMOSTEUS.)
549. BLEEKER (1856). Beschrijvningcn van nietnve en weinig bekende visch-
soortcn van Amboina, versameld op cene reis door den Molukschen Archipel,
gedaan in het gevolg van den Gouverneur-Generaal Duyniaer van Twist in
September en October^ 1855. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., I.
PlETER BlEEKER.
Pteroidichthys Bleeker, I, Zi; orthotype P. amboinensis Blkr.
Duymaeria Bleeker, I, 52; logotype Crenilabrus aurigaria Rich.
550. BLEEKER (1856). Beschrijvningen van nicuwe en weinig bekende visch-
soorten van Menado en Makassar grootendeels versameld op eene reis naar
den Molukschen Archipel in het gevolg van den Gouverneur-Gencral Duymaer
van Twist. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., I.
Pieter Bleeker.
Heterophthalmus Bleeker, 43 ; orthotype H. katopron Blkr. Name preoccupied
in beetles, Blanchard, 1851 . A synonyrri of Anomalops Kner, 1858.
Rhomboidichthys Bleeker, I, 67 ; orthotype R. myriaster Blkr. A synonym of
Platophrys Sw.
Leptocephalichthys Bleeker, I, 69; orthotype L. hypselosoma Blkr. A larval
form allied to Conger.
551. BLEEKER (1856). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van
het eiland Boeroe. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder. -Indie. XI.
Pieter Bleeker.
Scorpaenichthys Bleeker, XI, 385, 402 ; orthotype Scorp^na Gibbos. Name pre-
occupied (Girard, 1854) ; a synonym of Scorp^nopsis Heckel.
Pholidichthys Bleeker, 406; orthotype P. leucot^nia Blkr.
Gobiodon (Kuhl & Van Hasselt) Bleeker, 407; logotype Gobius heterospilus
Blkr.
Culius Bleeker, 411 ; orthotype Eleotris niger Blkr. = Cheilodipterus culius Ham.
A synonym of Eleotris as restricted.
Butis Bleeker, 42; orthotype Butis gymnopomus Blkr. (tautotype Cheilodipterus
TERUs. butis Ham.).
552. BLEEKER (1856). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Nias.
Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XII.
PiETER Bleeker.
268 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Solenognathus Bleeker, 218 ; orthotype Syngnathoides blochi Blkr. ; also written
SoLEGNATHUS. A Synonym of Syngnathoides Blkr., equivalent to Gastero-
TOKEUS Heckel.
Xiphochilus Bleeker, 223 ; orthotype X. typus Blkr.
553. BLEEKER (1856). Nieiiwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische
fauna van Bali. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XIII.
Pieter Bleeker.
Belobranchus Bleeker, 300 ; orthotype Eleotris belobrancha Cuv. & Val.
554. COSTA (1856). Ittiologia fossile Italiana. Edizione simile all' opera dell'
Agassis siii pesci fossili alia quale e destinata a sopplimento. Disp. v. Napoli.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Dichelospondylus Costa, 13; orthotype D. longirostris Costa (fossil). A synonym
of Belonostomus Ag.
Ophirachis Costa, 13; orthotype O. deperditus Costa (fossil). Probably a synonym
of Belonostomus.
Anomiophthalmus Costa, 30; orthotype A. vetustus Costa (fossil). Probably
identical with Ccelodus and Cosmodus and of earlier date than the latter.
555. DUMfiRIL (1856). Ichthyologie analytique on classification des poissons,
suivant la methode naturelle, a I'aide de tableaux synoptiques. Mem. Acad.
Sci. Paris, XXVII.
Andre Marie Constant Dumeril.
Heptatrema C. Dumeril; orthotype Petromyzon cirrhatus Forster. A synonym of
Eptatretus Cloquet.
Pastinaca Dumeril ; tautotype Raja pastinaca L. A synonym of Dasyatis Raf.
Pterure Dumeril, 169; orthotype Syngnathus ^quoreus Gmelin (name in French
only). A synonym of Nerophis Raf.
Peromere Dumeril, 170; logotype Syngnathus rondelett De la Roche (name in
French only). A synonym of Typhle or Typhlinus Raf. In this volume of
Dumeril a list of genera of eels is given by Kaup in advance of its publication
elsewhere. But in the same year, apparently before the appearance of
Dumeril's work, Kaup published his Catalogue of Apodal Fishes, and several
of the names given by him to Dumeril were dropped in this completed work.
Auchenichthys (Kaup) Dumeril), 198; orthotype A. typus Kaup. Name only;
an ally of Mur,«nichthys.
Leiurus (Kaup) Dumeril. 198; orthotype Mur^na colubrina Boddaert. Name
twice preoccupied in Swainson ; replaced by Chlevastes Jordan & Snyder.
Scytallurus (Kaup) Dumeril, 199; orthotype Sphagebranchus imberbis De la
Roche. A synonym of C^cula Vahl, 1794.
Enchelycotte (Kaup) Dumeril, 200; orthotype Enchelycore eurhina Kaup. A
manuscript name changed to Enchelycore when printed in 1854.
Memarchus (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Gymnotus albifrons L. No defini-
tion; a synonym of Apteronotus Lac. = Sternarchus Cuv.
Altona (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Gymnotus rostratus L. (no definition),
a synonym of Rhamphichthys M. & T.
Unipertura (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Unibranchapertura l.evis Lac.
An abridgment of Unibranchapertura Lac. ; a synonym of Fluta B1. & Schn.
if regarded as a new name.
Giton (Kaup) Dumeril, 201; orthotype Gymnotus fasciatus Pallas. = Gym-
notus carapo L. a synonym of Gymnotus L. No definition.
GIRARD. 1856 269
Apterichthe C. Dumeril, 205 ; orthotype Mur^ena cvEca L. ; name in French only ;
given in Latin form, 1806. A synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch.
Macrops Dumeril, 279; orthotype Serranus aculeatus (oculatus) Cuv. & Val.
(name three times preoccupied). A synonym of Etelis Cuv. & Val.
Macrones Dumeril, 484; orthotype Bagrus lamarrii Cuv. & Val. Name pre-
occupied in beetles (Newman, 1841) ; replaced by Aoria Jordan, type Bagrus
lamarrii Cuv. & Val.
Conostome (for Conostomus) Dumeril, 484; orthotype Pimelodus conirostris
Cuv. & Val. Called Conorhynchus by Bleeker.
Diplomyste (Le) Dumeril, 487; haplotype Arius papillosus Cuv. & Val. Latinized
as DiPLOMYSTEs by Bleeker ; Diplomystax by Giinther.
Hydrocion "ou mieux Hydrocynus Dumeril,'' restricted to "une seule espece
du Nil" (Hydrocyon forskali Cuv.). A synonym of Hydrocynus Cuv.,
1817.
556,557. GIRARD (1856). Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast
of North America from Specimens in the Smithsonian Institute . . . Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Charles Girard.
Paralabrax Girard, 131 ; orthotype Labrax inebulifer Grd.
Homalopomus Girard, 132; orthotype H. Trowbridge Grd. A synonym of Mer-
Luccius Raf.
Oligocottus Girard, 133 ; logotype O. maculatus Grd.
Leiocottus Girard, 133 ; orthotype L. hirundo Grd.
Artedius Girard, VIII, 134; logotype A. lateralis Grd.
Oplopoma Girard, 135 ; orthotype O. pantheriTsta Grd. A synonym of Ophiodon
Grd., 1854.
558. GIRARD (1856). Researches Upon the Cyprinoid Fishes Inhabiting the
Fresh Waters of the United States West of the Mississippi Valley, from
Specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonia Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., VIII.
Charles Girard.
Minomus Girard, 173 ; haplotype Catostomus insignis Baird & Grd. A synonym
of Catostomus Le Sueur, section Decactylus Raf., 1818.
Acomus Girard, 173 ; logotype Catostomus forsterianus Rich. = Cyprinus
CATOSTOMUS Le Sueur. A synonym of Catostomus Le Sueur.
Dionda Girard, 176; logotype D. episcopa Grd.
Algoma Girard, 180; logotype A. amara Grd. Not separable from Dionda, both
scarcely distinct from Hybognathus '
Orthodon Girard, 182 ; orthotype Gila microlepidota Ayres.
Algansea Girard, 182; orthotype Leuciscus ttncella Cuv & Val.
Agosia Girard, 186; logotype A. chrysogaster Grd.
Nocomis Girard, 190; logotype N. nebrascensis Grd. — Rutilus kentuckiensis
Raf. = Leuciscus biguttatus Kirtland.
Meda Girard, 192 ; haplotype Meda fulgida Grd.
Cliola Girard, 192 ; logotype Ceratichthys vigilax Baird & Grd. A synonym of
Ceratichthys Baird & Grd., as first used ; the name later taken for the
genus Nocomis.
Alburnellus Girard, 193 ; orthotype Alburnus dilectus Grd. A synonym of
Notropis Raf. (1818).
270 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Codoma Girard, 194 ; logotype Codoma ornata Grd.
Alburnops Girard, 194; logotype Alburnops blennius Grd.
Cyprinella Girard, 196; logotype Leuciscus bubalinus Baird & Grd. Probably a
valid genus allied to Notropis and Alburnops.
Richardsonius Girard. 201 ; haplotype Abramis balteatus Baird & Grd. Probably
distinct from Leuciscus Cuv. and from Tigoma Grd.
Tiaroga Girard, 204; haplotype Tiaroga cobitis Grd.
Moniana Girard, 199; logotype Leuciscus lutrensis Baird & Grd. Not separable
from Cyprinella.
Tigoma Girard, 205; logotype Gila pulchella Baird & Grd. Probably a genus
distinct from Leuciscus Cuv. and from Richardsonius Grd.
Cheonda Girard, 207 ; logotype Cheonda cooperi Grd. Probably not distinct from
Tigoma.
Siboma Girard. 209; haplotype Siboma crassicauda Baird & Grd. A section or
genus close to Tigoma.
Hudsonius Girard, 210; orthotype Clupea hudsonia Clinton. A section or sub-
!.,^cnus of XoTROPis or Alburnops.
Clinostomus Girard, 211 ; logotype Luxilus elongatus Kirtland (not Clinostomum,
a genus of worms). A section or subgenus near Notropis.
Ceratichthys (Baird MS.) Girard, 212; haplotype Semotilus biguttatus Kirt-
land (not Cer.\tichthys Baird & Grd., 1854). A synonym of Nocomis Grd.
559. HOLMES (1856). Contributions to the Natural History of the American
Devilfish, ivith Descriptions of a New Genus from the Harbor of Charleston,
South Carolina. Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist., I.
Francis S. Holmes
Diabolichthys Holmes, 39 ; orthotype D. elliotti Holmes. A synonym of Manta
Bancroft.
560. H ECKEL (1856). Neue Beitrdge sur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische 0 ester-
rcichs. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XL
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Thrissopterus Heckel, XL 245; orthotype T. catulli Heckel (fossil). A synonym
of Monopteros Volta (Platinx Ag.)
Elopopsis Heckel, XL 251; logotype E. fenzlii Heckel (fossil).
Carangodes Heckel, XL 262; orthotype C. cephalus Heckel (fossil). Perhaps
to be regarded as preoccupied by Carangoides Blkr., 1851.
Ctenopoma Heckel, XL 272; orthotype Pyg^us jemelka Heckel (fossil); pre-
occupied by Ctenopoma Peters, 1855.
561. HECKEL (1856). Ueber den Bau und die Eintheilung der Pycnodonten,
etc. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, VHI, 433-464, 1854 (1856).
JoHANN Jakob Heckel.
Stemmatodus Heckel, XL 202; orthotype Pycnodus rhombus Ag. (fossil). Pre-
occupied; replaced by Stemmatias Hay, 1899.
Coelodus Heckel, XL 202, 455; orthotype Ccelodus s.«iTURNus Heckel (fossil).
If regarded as preoccupied by Ccelodon Lund, may be replaced by Cos modus
Sauvage, 1879.
562. KAUP (1856). Uebersicht der Aale. Arch. Naturg.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
In this paper ocurs the first diagnosis of the many genera of eels.
KAUP, 1856 271
published in the same year as the Catalogue of the Apodal Fish. The pagina-
tion of the vohime last mentioned is given in parentheses in the following
list:
563. K,A.UP (1856). Catalogue of the Apodal Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. London.
JoHANN Jacob Kaup.
Congerodon Kaup, 37; orthotype C. indicus Kaup. (Not in Cat. Apodal Fishes.)
Centrurophis Kaup, 42 (2) ; logotype C. spadiceus Kaup. A synonym of Ophich-
THUS Ahl.
Poecilocephalus Kaup, 43 (5) ; orthotype P. bonapartei Kaup. A synonym of
Ophichthus Ahl.
Microdonophis Kaup. 43 (6) orthotype AI. altipinnis Kaup. A synonym of
Ophichthus.
Coecilophis Kaup, 44 (6) ; orthotype C. compar Kaup. A synonym of Ophichthus.
Herpetoichthys Kaup, 44 (7) ; orthotype H. ornatissimus Kaup. A synonym of
Ophichthus.
Brachysomophis Kaup. 45 (9) ; orthotype B. horridus Kaup.
Elapsopsis Kaup, 45 (9) ; orthotype E. versicolor Kaup (misprinted Elapsopis).
A synonym of Ophichthus.
Mystriophis Kaup, 45 (10) ; orthotype Ophisurus rostellatus Rich.
Muraenopsis (Le Sueur) Kaup, 46 (11) ; orthotype Mur^nophis ocellatus
Le Sueur. This name was not used by Le Sueur, who wrote Mur^nophis
after Lacepede. ,
Echiopsis Kaup, 46 (13) ; orthotype Ophisurus intertinctus Rich. A synonym of
Mystriophis Kaup.
Scytalophis Kaup, 46 (13) ; orthotype S. magnioculis Kaup.
Leptorhinophis Kaup, 46 (14) ; orthotype Ophisurus gomesi Castelnau. A syno-
nym of Scytalophis Kaup.
Pisodonophis Kaup, 47 (17) ; logotype P. cancrivorus Kaup, as restricted by
Bleeker. Later written Pisoodonophis by Kaup. and since spelled Pisodon-
tophis by purists.
Lamnostoma Kaup, 49 (24) ; logotype L. pictum Kaup.
Anguisurus Kaup, 50 (24) ; orthotype A. punctulatus Kaup. A synonym of
Ccecula Vahl.
Callechelys Kaup, 51 (28) ; orthotype C. guichenoti Kaup.
Cirrhimuraena Kaup, 52 (27) ; orthotype C. chinensis Kaup.
Ophisurapus Kaup, 52 (29) ; ortthotype O. gracilis Kaup. Later written Ophi-
suraphis a synonym of Sphagebranchus Bloch.
Myrus Kaup, 53 (31) ; orthotype Murjena myrus L. = Myrus vulgaris Kaup.
A synonym of Echelus Raf., as restricted by Bleeker.
Enchelynassa Kaup, 59 (72) ; orthotype E. bleekeri Kaup.
Eurymyctera Kaup, 59 (72) ; orthotype E. crudelis Kaup. A synonym of Gym-
nothorax.
Siderea Kaup, 59 (70) ; orthotype S. pfeifferi Kaup. Later written Sidera. A
synonym of Gymnothorax. as restricted by Bleeker.
Enchelycore Kaup, 60 (72) ; orthotype Mur^na nigricans Bonnaterre.
Thyrsoidea Kaup, 60 (74) ; tautotype MuRvENa thyrsoidea Rich., but first restricted
to MuR^NA macrura Bleeker, by Bleeker. As understood by me, a synonym
of Gymnothorax. As used by Bleeker, the same as Evenchelys J. & E.
Limamurasna Kaup 65 (95) : orthotype L. guttata Kaup. A synonym of Mu-
R.ENA L. as restricted by Ahl, 1789.
272 THE GENERA OF FISHES. PART II
Polyuranodon Kaup, 65 (96) ; orthotype Mur^na polyuranodon Blkr. A syno-
nym of Gymnothorax.
Poecilophis Kaup, 66 (98) ; orthotype Gymnothorax catenatus Bloch. A syno-
nym of Echidna Forster.
Aphthalmichthys Kaup, 68 (105); orthotype A. javanicus Kaup.
Muraenoblenna (Lacepede) Kaup, 67; orthotype Ichthyophis tigrinus Lesson,
not of Lacepede, whose type M. olivacea is a myxine. Kaup observes : "Ich
kenne M. olivacea nicht."
Congermuraena Kaup, 71 (108) ; logotype Mur^na balearica De la Roche, as
restricted by Bleeker. A synonym of Ariosoma Sw., equivalent to Con-
grellus Ogilby, 1898, who restricts Congermuraena to C. habenata, which
probably belongs to Gnathophis Blkr. The name is spelled Congromu-
R^NA by authors.
Uroconger Kaup, 71 (110) ; orthotype U. lepturus Kaup.
Esunculus Kaup, 143 ; orthotype E. costai Kaup. A larva, allied to Alepocepha-
Lus. (Not in Uebersicht.)
564. KAUP (1856). Einigesiibcr die Unterfamilie Ophidince. Arch. Naturg., XXIL
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Cepolophis Kaup, I, 96; orthotype Ophidium viride Fabricius. A synonym of
Gymnelis Reinh.
565. KAUP (1856). Catalogue of the Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of
the British Museum. London.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
The various genera of Kaup, 1853, Hemimarsupium excepted, are in
this paper with their redescribed species
Hemithylacus Kaup, 61 ; orthotype Syngnathus leiaspis Kaup. An unexplained
substitute for Hemimarsupium Kaup, 1853. Same as Ccelonotus Peters
(1855).
566. LEIDY (1856). Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrated Animals Discovered
by Professor E. Emmons. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856.
Joseph Leidy (1825-1891).
Ischyrhiza Leidy, VIII, 256; logotype I. mira Leidy (fossil). Supposed to be a
synonym of Pachyrhizodus.
567. LEIDY (1856). Notices of Extinct Vertebrata Discovered by Dr. F. V.
Hayden, During the Expedition to the Sioux Country Under the Command
of Lieut. G. K. Warren. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII.
Joseph Leidy.
Mylognathus Leidy, 312; orthotype M. priscus Leidy (fossil). Probably a
synonym of Edaphodon.
568. LEIDY (1856). Indications of Five Species, with Tzvo New Genera, of
Extinct Fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII.
Joseph Leidy.
Edestus Leidy, VII, 414; orthotype E. vorax Leidy (fossil).
Sicarius Leidy, VII, 414; orthotype S. extinctus Leidy (fossil). A synonym of
Petalodus.
LEiDY, 1856 273
569. LEIDY (1856). Description of Tivo Ichthyodorulites (Stenacanthus nitidus
and Cylindracanthns ornattis). Amer. Journ. Sci., XXI.
Joseph Leidy.
Stenacanthus Leidy, XXI, 8; orthotype S. nitidus Leidy (fossil) (also in Proc.
Acad Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 11.). A synonym of Bothriolepis.
Cylindracanthns Leidy, XXI, 8; orthotype C. ornatus Leidy. Regarded as a
synonym of Ccelorhynchus Ag., which name is preoccupied.
570. LEIDY (1856). Remarks on Certain Extinct Species of Fishes. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., VIII. 301. (Also in Trans. Philos. Soc. XI, 1857.)
Joseph Leidy.
Protosphyraena Leidy, 56, VIII, 302 (and XI, 95) ; orthotype P. ferox Leidy
(fossil).
Cimolichthys Leidy, VIII, 302 (also XI, 95) ; orthotype C. leweiensis Leidy
(fossil).
571. NEWBERRY (1856). Description of Several New Genera and Species of
Fossil Fishes from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., VIII.
John Strong Newberry (1822-1892).
Mecolepis Newberry, VIII, 96; logotype M. granulatus Newberry (fossil).
Name preoccupied, replaced by Eurylepis Newberry (1857).
Compsacanthus Newberry, 100 ; orthotype Pleuracanthus l^vis Newberry
(fossil). A synonym of Pleuracanthus.
572. PANDER (1856). Monographic der fossilen Fische des silurischen Systems
der russisch-baltischen Gouvernetnents. St. Petersburg.
Christian Heinrich Pander.
Rytidolepis Pander, 48; orthotype R. quenstedti Pander (fossil). Besides this
nominal genus, the following additional generic names have been given in
this paper by Pander. All are based on fragments of dermal armor, not
identified and some of them, according to Eichwald (1860), likely to belong
to Eurypterid crustaceans rather than to fishes. These are Coccopeltus,
Cyphomalepis, Trachylepis and Phlebolepis. The following is the list of
these nominal genera and their type species as given by Woodward :
Rytidolepis (uenstedti), 48.
Schedtosteus (mustelensis), 49.
Coccopeltus (asmussi), 50.
Cyphomalepis (egertoni), 51.
Trachylepis ( Formosa), 52.
Stigmolepis (oweni), 53.
Dasylepis (keyserlingi), 54.
Lopholepis (schmidti), 55.
Dictyolepis (bronni), 56.
Oniscolepis (magna, etc.), 58.
Melittomalepis (elegans), 60.
Phlebolepis (elegans), 60.
Prionacanthus (dubia), 70.
Stigmolepis Pander, 53; orthotype S. oweni Pander (fossil).
Coelolepis Pander. 56; logotype C. l.evis Pander (fossil).
Tolypelepis Pander, 61; orthotype T. undul.'\tus Pander (fossil) (fragment
of a Pteraspid).
274 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Lophosteus Pander, 62; orthotype L. superbus Pander (fossil).
Pachylepis Pander, 67; orthotype P. glaber Pander (fossil). A synonym of
Thelodus Ag.
Thelolepis Pander, 67; orthotype Thelodus parvidens Ag. (fossil). A synonym
of Thelodus Ag.
Nostolepis Pander, 68; orthotype N. striata Pander (fossil).
Rabdacanthus Pander 69; orthotype R. truncatus Pander (fossil).
Odontotodus Pander, 75; orthotype O. rootsikulliensis Pander (fossil). A
Gomphcdus Pander 76; orthotype G. sandelensis Pander (fossil).
synonym of Stigmolepis Pander.
573. RICHARDSON ( 1856) . Ichthyology. ( In Encyclopedia Britannica, I, London.)
John Richardson.
Xanthichthys (Kaup) Richardson, XII, 313; orthotype Balistes curassavicus
Gmelin.
574. THOMPSON (1856). The Natural History of Ireland. London.
William Thompson.
Couchia Thompson, IV, 188; orthotype Couchia minor Thompson. A larval form
of Ciliata.
1857
575. BAIRD (1857). Report on the Fishes Observed on the Coast of New Jersey
and Long Island During the Summer of 1854. From the ninth annual report
of the Smithsonian Institution for 1854.
Spencer Fullerton Baird.
Eucinostomus Baird, 345 ; orthotype E. argenteus Baird = Gerres gula Guv. &
Val.
576. BELLOTTI (1857). Stoppani Studii Geol. e Paleontol. Lombardia.
Cristoforo Bellotti.
Urolepis Bellotti, 431; orthotype U. macroptera Bellotti (fossil).
Heptanema Bellotti, 435; orthotype H. paradoxum Bellotti (fossil).
Ichthyorhynchus Bellotti, 436; orthotype I. curioni Bellotti (fossil). A synonym of
Saurorhynchus.
577. BLEEKER (1857). Achtste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfaunavan Amhoina.
Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., II.
Pieter Bleeker.
Cirrhitichthys Bleeker, II, 39; orthotype Cirrhites graph idopterus Blkr. = Cirrh.
APRiNUs Guv. & Val.
Oxycirrhites Bleeker, II, 39; orthotype O. typus Blkr.
578. BLEEKER (1857). Nieuwe nalezingen op de ichthyologie van Japan. Verb.
Bat. Gen.
Pieter Bleeker.
Lateolabrax Bleeker, XXVI, 53 ; orthotype Labrax japonicus Guv & Val. Same as
Perca-Labrax T. & S., but this word may not have been meant as a new name.
579. BLEEKER (1857). Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de
Sangi-eilanden. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XIII.
Pieter Bleeker.
COSTA, 1857 275
Scorpaenodes Bleeker, 371 ; orthotype Scorp.^na polvlepis Blkr. Replaces Sebas-
TOPSis Gill.
Eleotriodes Bleeker, XIII, 372; orthotype E. sexguttata Blkr. E. heldsingeni
Blkr., sometimes named as type, occurs in a later paper.
Bogoda Bleeker, 468; orthotype Chanda nama Ham. A synonym of Chanda as
restricted.
580. COSTx\ (1857). Descrhione di alctini pcsci fossili del Libano. Mem. Reale
Accad. Napoli, II, 97-112.
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Imogaster Costa, II, 102; orthotype I. auratus Costa (fossil).
Omosoma Costa, II, 105; orthotype O. sachelalm^ Costa (fossil).
Rhamphornimia Costa, II, 108; orthotype R. rhinelloides Costa (fossil).
581. EGERTON (1857). Paleolithologic Notes on Some Fish Remains from the
Neighborhood of Ludlow. Quart. Journ. Geol. Sci., XIII.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Auchenaspis Egerton, XIII, 286; orthotype A. salteri Egert. (fossil). A synonym
of Thyestes Eichw.
581A. EMMONS (1857). American Geology, etc. Ed. I.
Ebenezer Emmons (1799-1863).
Rabdiolepis Emmons, VI, 45; orthotype R. speciosus Emmons (fossil) (fragment
of a scale) (not Rhabdolepis Troschel).
Microdus Emmons, VI, 48; orthotype M. ljevis Emmons (a shark tooth of uncer-
tain relations).
582. GERVAIS (1857). Sur tin poisson labroide fossile dans les sables marins de
Montpellier (Labrodon pavimentatum). Mem. Acad. Sci. Montpellier, III.
FRANgois Louis Paul Gervais.
Labrodon Gervais, III, 515; orthotype L. pavimentatum Gervais (fossil).
583. GIRARD (1857). Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of
the United States, from Specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII.
Charles Girard.
Chiropsis Girard, IX, 201 ; orthotype Chirus constellatus Grd. (male of H.
decagrammus). a synonym of Hexagrammos Steller.
Zaniolepis Girard, IX, 202; orthotype Z. latipinnis Grd. Misquoted as Zanio-
dermis by Giinther (1860).
584. HOLLARD (1857). Etudes sur les gymnodontes et en particulier sur leur
osteologie et sur les indications qu'elle pent fournir pour leur classificaticm.
Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), VIII.
Henri Louis Gabriel Marc Hollard (1801-1866).
Apsicephalus Hollard, 275 ; orthotype Tetrodon fluviatilis Ham. No type named ;
said to be equivalent to Dichotomycter Bibron, but including several other
of Bibron's genera. Apparently a valid genus to be called Dichotomycter.
Brachycephalus Hollard, VIII, 275 ; orthotype not named, the genus said to be
equivalent to Tetraodon of Bibron. T. lineatus L. may be assumed as type.
A synonym of Tetraodon L.
585. NEWBERRY (1857). Fossil Fishes from the Devonian of Ohio. Proc. Nat.
Inst. Washington, I.
John Strong Newberry
276 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Agassichthys Newberry, 3; orthotype Placothorax agassizi Meyer (fossil). A
synonym of Macropetalichthys Ag.
Machaeracanthus Newberry, 6; orthotype M. peracutus Newberry (fossil).
Onychodus Newberry, 7; orthotype O. sigmoides Newberry (fossil).
586. NEWBERRY (1857). Letter Changing the Genus Mekolepis to Eurylepis,
the Former Being Preoccupied. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IX.
John Strong Newberry.
Eurylepis Newberry, 150; orthotype Mecolepis granulatus Newberry (fossil).
Substitute for Mecolepis Newberry, preoccupied.
587. PETERS (1857). Neue Ckromidengattung (Hemichromis). Monatsber. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin.
WiLHELM Carl Hartvvig Peters.
Hemichromis Peters, 403 ; orthotype H. fasciatus Peters.
588. PHILIPPI (1857). Ueber einige chilenische Vogel tmd Fische, etc. Arch.
Naturgesch.
Rudolph Amandus Philippi (b. 1808).
Genypterus Philippi, 268 ; orthotype G. nigricans Philippi.
Thysanochilus Philippi, 268; orthotype T. valdivianus Philippi. A synonym of
Velasia Gray, suppressed (but printed) by Troschel, editor of the Archiv.
Not Thysanocheilus Kner, 1865.
Rhynchobatis Philippi, 270; orthotype a ray from Juan Fernandez, not given a spe-
cific name, only the dried head with long, flat snout preserved. Name preoccu-
pied as Rhynchobatus. This animal is described as a ray with a long, thin,
flat snout, rounded at the tip apparently like that of the shark, Mitsuku-
RiNA. Its surface below, except at the smooth base, is covered by small stel-
late prickles, curved backward at tip. Larger spinules cover the head with
six still larger ones forming a curve around the eye. As this form, obvi-
ously distinct, is without a name, it has been called Tarsistes philippi
Jordan.
589. RICHARDSON (1857). On Siphonognathus, a New Genus of Fistularidce.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
John Richardson.
Siphonognathus Richardson. 237 ; orthotype S. argyrophanes Rich.
590. RUTIMEYER (1857). (Encheiziphius.) Verh. Ges. Basel, I.
Carl Ludwig Rutimeyer.
Encheiziphius Riitimeyer, I, 561; orthotype E. teretirostris Riitimeyer (fossil).
A synonym or fossil homologue of Istiophorus.
591. TROSCHEL (1857). Beobachtungen Uber die Fische in den Eisennieren des
Saarbriicker Steinkohlgebirges. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westphal.
Franz Hermann Troschel.
Rhabdolepis Troschel, 15; logotype Pal^eoniscum macropterum Bronn (fossil).
A synonym of Elonichthys Giebel.
592. 'WAGNER (1857). Characteristik neucr Arten von KnorpelHscheti aus den
lithographischen Schiefern der Umgegend von Solenhofen. Gelehrte Anz.
Bayer. Akad. Wiss., XLIV.
JoHANN Andreas Wagner.
Palaeoscyllium Wagner, XLIV, 291; othotype P. formosum Wagner (fossil).
AGASsiz, 1858 277
1858
593. AGASSIZ (1858). Remarks on a New Species of Skate from the Sandwich
Islands. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1858, VI.
Louis Agassiz.
Goniobatis Agassiz, VI, 385 ; orthotype Raja flagellum B1. & Schn. A synonym
of AiiTOBATis Blainv., as restricted by Miiller & Henle. Same as Stoasodon
Cantor, 1850.
594. AGASSIZ (1858). Remarks on New Fishes from Nicaragua Collected by
Julius Froebel. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI.
Louis Agassiz.
Parachromis Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotype P. gulosus Ag. (not identifiable, said
to be a CiCHLiD (Chromid) resembling Dentex, but with the lateral line
broken. Probably a synonym of Cichlaurus Sw.
H5rpsophrys Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotype H. unimaculatus Ag. No description.
A CiCHLiD said to resemble Chrysophrys (Sparus) with a large, black
shoulder spot (as in Astronotus helleri Steind. and other species). Prob-
ably a synonym of Astronotus Sw.
Baiodon Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotype B. fasciatus Ag. A slender form, said to
resemble Boops Cuv. Possibly the same as Theraps irregularis Gthr., but
not identifiable.
Amphilophus Agassiz, VI, 401 ; orthotype A. frcebeli Ag., apparently Heros labiatus
Gthr. or H. lobocheilus Gthr. species in which the male has both lips
greatly enlarged, "peculiar in not having the ordinary fleshy lips, but a
large, triangular lobe projecting above and below jaw like the fleshy appen-
dages of some bats" (Agassiz). It is possible that the species thus provided
should stand as a distinct genus Amphilophus.
595. AYRES (1858). On New Fishes of the Calif ornian Coast. Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., 1858-1861 (1853), II.
William O. Ayres.
Anoplopoma Ayres, II, 27 ; orthotype A. merlangus Ayres. = Gadus fimbria Pallas.
Stereolepis Ayres, II, 28; orthotype S. gigas Ayres.
596. BLEEKER (1858). Zesde bijdrage (etc.) vischfauna van Sumatra (Visschen
van Padang, etc.j. Act. Soc. Neder.-Indie, III.
Pieter Bleeker.
Helicophagus Bleeker, 45; orthotype H. typus Blkr.
597. BLEEKER (1858). Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische Fauna
van Japan. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., III.
Pieter Bleeker.
Sirembo Bleeker, 22 ; orthotype Brotula imberbis T. & S.
Congerodon (Kaup) Bleeker, 29; orthotype C. indicus Kaup MS. = Cogrus lep-
turus Rich. Same as Uroconger and of the same original date, 1856.
Triacanthodes Bleeker, 2)7 ; orthotype Tricanthus anomalus T. & S.
598. BLEEKER (1858). Tiende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Celebes.
Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., III.
Pieter Bleeker.
Gunnellichthys Bleeker, III, 9; orthotype G. pleurot^nia Blkr.
278 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
599. BLEEKER (1858). Bijdrage tot de kermis dcr visclifauna van den Goram-
Archipel. Nat Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XV.
PiETER Bleeker.
Pseudoplesiops Bleeker, XV, 217; orthotype P. typus Bleeker.
600. BLEEKER (1858). Vierde bijdrage (etc.) van Bilitou. Nat. Tijdschr.
Neder.-Indie, XV.
PiETER Bleeker.
Leiocassis Bleeker, 225 ; orthotype L. micropogon Blkr. Corrected by Giinther
to LlOCASSIS.
Silurichthys Bleeker, 225 ; orthotype S. phaiosoma Blkr.
601. BLEEKER (1858). Tzvaalfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van
Borneo, visschen van Sinkawang. Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., V.
PiETER Bleeker.
Sauridichthys Bleeker, 2; orthotype S. ophiodon Blkr. (1858). A synonym of
Harpodon Le Sueur.
Hexanematichthys Bleeker, V, 2; orthotype Bagrus sundaicus Blkr.
Sciadeichthys Bleeker, 99; orthotype Sciades pictus M. & T. Not Sciadeichthys
Blkr., 1863.
602. BLEEKER (1858). De visschen van den Indischen Archipel, etc. L Siluri.
Title also in Latin as Prodromiis.
PiETER Bleeker.
Most of these genera occur also in later papers, 1862, 1863 ; the type
species often indicated later.
Pseudodoras Bleeker, I, 53 ; orthotype Doras nicer Val.
Hemidoras Bleeker, I, 53 ; orthotype Doras stenopeltis Kner. A synonym of
Doras Lac. as restricted by Bleeker.
Davalla Bleeker, 58; orthotype Hypophthalmus da valla Schomburgk.
Pseudobagrus Bleeker, 60; orthotype Bagrus aurantiacus T. & S.
Melanodactylus Bleeker 60; orthotype M. acutivelis Blkr. = Pimelodus nigrodi-
GiTATUS Lac.
Chrysichthys Bleeker, 60; orthotype Pimelodus auratus GeofFroy St. Hilaire.
Octonematichthys Bleeker, 60; orthotype O. nigritus Blkr.
Rita Bleeker, 60; orthotype Pimelodus rita Ham. (R. euchanani Blkr.).
Selenaspis Bleeker, I, 62; haplotype Silurus herzbergi Bloch.
Cephalocassis Bleeker, 62; orthotype Arius truncatus Cuv. & Val.
Netuma Bleeker, 62; orthotype N. thalassina Blkr. = N. nasuta Blkr. •
Guiritinga Bleeker, 62; orthotype G. commersoni Blkr.
Ostogeneiosus Bleeker, 63 ; orthotype Arius militaris Blkr.
Batrachocephalus Bleeker, 63 ; orthotype B. micropogon Blkr.
Ketengus Bleeker, 190; orthotype K. typus Blkr.
Conorhynchos Bleeker, 191 ; orthotype Pimelodus conirostris Cuv. & Val.
Hemipimelodus Bleeker. 195 ; orthotype H. borneensis Blkr.
Zungaro Bleeker, 196; orthotype Pimelodus zungaro Humboldt = Zungaro hum-
boldti Blkr.
Heptapterus Bleeker, 197 ; orthotype H. surinamensis Blkr.
Rhamdia Bleeker, 197; orthotype Pimelodus quelen Q. & G.
Pinirampus Bleeker, 198; orthotype P. typus Blkr. = Pimelodus pirinampu Spix.
Auchenaspis Bleeker, 198; orthotype Pimelodus biscutatus Geoffroy. Name pre-
occupied ; replaced by Auchenoglanis Gthr.
BLEEKER, 1858 279
Trachcorystes Bleeker. 200; orthotypc T. typus Blkr.
Rama Rleeker. 201; orthotype Pimelodus rama Ham. = Rama buchanani Blkr.
Acrochordonichthys Bleeker, 204 ; orthotype A. platycephalus Blkr.
Gagata Bleeker, 204; orthotype G. typus Blkr.
Schilbeichthys Bleeker, 253 ; orthotype Silurus garua Ham. A synonym of Clupi-
SOMA Sw.
Belodontichthys Bleeker, 253 ; orthotype B. macrochir Blkr. = Wallago dinema
Blkr.
Pseudosilurus Bleeker, 253 ; orthotype P. bimaculatus Blkr. A synonym of
Ompok Lac.
Siluranodon Bleeker, 253; orthotype Silurus auritus Geoffroy.
Kryptopterus Bleeker, 253; tautotype Silurus cryptopterus Blkr. Corrected to
Cryptopterus by Giinther.
Kryptopterichthys Bleeker, 253 ; orthotype Silurus palembrangensis Blkr.
Micronema Bleeker, 253; orthotype M. typus Blkr.
Phalacronotus Bleeker, 253; orthotype P. leptonema Blkr.
Hemisilurus Bleeker, 255; orthotype H. heterorhynchus Blkr.
Schilbeodes Bleeker, 258; orthotype Silurus gyrinus Mitchill.
Aspredinichthys Bleeker. 328; orthotype Aspredo tibicen Temminck.
Bunocephalichthys Bleeker, 329; orthotype Bunocephalus verrucosus Kner.
Piratinga Bleeker, 355; orthotype Bagrus reticulatus Kner.
Platynematichthys Bleeker, 357; orthotype Bagrus pUnctulatus Kner.
Piramutana Bleeker, 355; orthotype Bargus piramuta Kner.
603. BLEEKER (1858). Over de geslachten der Cobitinen. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder-
Indie, XVI, 1858-1859, 302-304.
PiETER Bleeker.
Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 303; orthotype C. microchir Blkr.
Cobiitichthys Bleeker, 304; orthotype C. enalios Bleeker. A synonym of Mis
GURNUS Lac.
604. BLEEKER (1858). Vischsoorten gevangen bij Japara, versameld door S. A.
Thurkow. Nat. Tijdschr. Neder.-Indie, XVI, 1858-1859, 406-409.
Pieter Bleeker.
Oxyurichthys Bleeker, 408; orthotype O. microlepis Blkr. or Gobius belosso Blkr.
605. BLYTH (1858). (Amblyceps). Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXVII.
Edward Blyth.
Amblyceps Blyth, XXVIII, 281 ; haplotype A. c^cutiens Blyth.
606. BRONN (1858). Beitrdge sur iriasischen Fauna und Flora der bituminoschen
Schiefer von Raibl in Kdrnthcn. Neues Jahrb. Min.
Heinrich Georg Bronn (1800-1862).
Belonorhynchus Bronn, 12; orthotype B. striolatus Bronn (fossil). A synonym
of Saurorhynchus.
Pholidopleurus Bronn, 17; orthotype P. typus Bronn (fossil).
Thoracopterus Bronn 21; orthotype T. niederristi Bronn (fossil).
607,612. COSTA (1858). (Uraleptus.) Archiv. Naturg. (1858).
Oronzio Gabriele Costa.
Uraleptus Costa, 87 ; orthotype Gadus maraldi Risso. A synonym of Gadella
Lowe.
280 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
613. DUMfiRIL (1858). Reptiles et poissons de I'Afrique occidentale, etc.
Comtes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 1858, LXI.
AuGUSTE Henri Andre Dumeril.
Chromichthys A. Dumeril, X, 257; orthotype C. elongatus Guich.
614. EGERTON (1858). On Chondrosteus, an Extinct Form of the Sturionidce,
Found in the Lias Formation at Lyme Regis. Phil. Trans. London, 1858.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Chondrosteus (Agassiz) Egerton, 871; orthotype C. acipenseroides Ag. (fossil).
Gyrosteus (Agassiz) Egerton, 883; orthotype G. mirabilis Ag. (fossil).
615. EGERTON (1858). Fish: Cosmolepis, etc. (In Figures and Descriptions of
British Organic Remains.) Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom, 1858, 9 dec.
Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton.
Cosmolepis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 1; orthotype C. egertoni Ag. (fossil).
Endactis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 4; orthotype E. agassizi Egert. (fossil). A syno-
nym of Caturus.
Centrolepis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 5; orthotype C. asper Ag. (fossil).
Nothosoma (Agassiz) Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 6; orthotype N. octostychius Ag.
(fossil).
Pleuropholis Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 7; logootype Pholidophorus l^vissimus Ag.
(fossil).
Macropoma (Agassiz) Egerton, Dec. IX, No. 10; orthotype M. egertoni Ag.
(fossil). Replaces Eurycormus Wagner (1863).
616. GILL (1858). Prodromus descriptionis subfamilicr Gobinarum squamis
cycloideis piscium, a cl. W. Stimpsono in mare Pacifico acquisitorum. Ann.
Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858-1862, VII, 12-16.
Theodore Nicholas Gill (1837-1914).
Chaenogobius Gill, 12; orthotype C. annularis Gill.
Lepidogobius Gill, 14; orthotype Gobius gracilis Grd. = G. lepidus Grd.
617. GILL (1858). Description of a New Genus of Pimelodince from Canada.
Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1853-1858, VI, 3.
Theodore Nicholas Gill.
Synechoglanis Gill, 39 ; orthotype Synechoglanis beadlei Gill — Ictalurus
punctatus (Raf.). A synonym of Ictalurus Raf.
618. GILL (1858). Prodromus descriptionis familice Gobioidarum generumnovorum.
Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858-1862, VII, 16-19.
Theodore Nicholas Gill.
Tridentiger Gill, 16, Dec; orthotype Sicydium obscurum, T. & S.
Triaenophorus Gill, 17; orthotype T. trigonocephalus Gill. Name preoccupied,
replaced by Tri.enophorichthys Gill.
619. GILL (1858). (Triccnophorichthys.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859.
Theodore Nicholas Gill.
Triasnophorichthys Gill 195 ; orthotype Tri.«nophorus Trigonocephalus Gill.
Substitute for Tri^nophorus Gill, preoccupied.
GILL, 1858 281
620. GILL (1858). Synopsis of the Fresh-zvater Fishes of the Western Portion of
the Island of Trinidad, West Indies. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1853-
1858. VI, 363-430.
Theodore Nicholas Gill, v
Ctenogobius Gill, 374 ; orlhotype C. fasciatus Gill.
Pimelonotus Gill, VI, 387; orthotype P. vilsoni. A synonym of Rhamdia Blkr.
of the same year.
Batrachoglanis Gill, VI, 389; orthotype Pimelodus raninus Cuv. & Val. A syno
nym of Pseudopimelodus Blkr. of about the same date.
Hoplosternum Gill, VI, 395 ; orthotype Callichthys l^vigatus Val.
Pterygoplichthys Gill, VI, 408; orthotype Hypostomus duodecimalis Cuv. & Val.
Pc3ecilurichthys Gill, 414; logotype P. brevoorti Gill.
Hemigrammus Gill, 416; haplotype H. unilineatus Gill.
Stevardia Gill, 423 ; orthotype S. albipinnis Gill.
Corynopoma Gill, 425 ; orthotype C. riisei Gill. A synonym of Stevardia Gill.
Nematopoma Gill, 428 ; orthotype N. searlesi Gill. A synonym of Stevardia Gill.
621. HECKEL & KNER (1858). Die SUsswasserfische der oesterreichischen
Monarchie mit Riicksicht auf die angrdnsenden Lander.
JoHANN Jakob Heckel ; Rudolph Kner.
Carpio Heckel, 64; orthotype Cyprinus kollari Heckel. A supposed hybrid of
Cyprinus and Carassius.
Blicca Heckel, 120; orthotype Cyprinus blicca Gmelin.
Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 145 ; orthotype L. abruptus Heckel & Kner.
Idus Heckel, 147 ; orthotype Cyprinus idus, L.
622. KADE (1858). Ueber die devonischen Fischreste cines diluvial Blockes.
Meseritz, 1858.
G. Kade.
Gyrolepis Kade, 17, 18; orthotype G. posnaniensis Kade (fossil). Name pre-
occupied ; perhaps a Diplopterax.
Archaeacanthus Kade, 19; orthotype A. quadrisulcatus Kade (fossil). A synonym
of Onchus.
Spirodus Kade, 20; orthotype S. regularis Kade (fossil).
623. KAUP (1858). Uebersicht der Familie Gadidce. Arch. Naturg., 1858, XXIV, pt. 1.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Xenocephalus Kaup, 83 ; orthotype X. armatus Kaup.
Physiculus Kaup. 88; orthotype P. dalwigkii Kaup.
Lotella Kaup, 88; orthotype Lota phycis T. & S.
Molvella Kaup, 90; orthotype M. borealis Kaup = Gadus mustela L. A syno-
nym of CiLiATA Couch.
Brotella Kaup, 92 ; orthotype Brotula imberbis T. & S. A synonym of Sirembo Blkr.
Hoplophycis Kaup, 93 ; orthotype Xiphiurus capensis Smith. A section under
Genypterus Philippi.
Brotulophis Kaup, 93 ; orthotype B. argentistriatus Kaup.
624. KAUP (1858). On Neniophis, a New Genus of Riband-shaped Fishes. Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 1858, pt. 26.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Nemophis Kaup 168; orthotype N. lessoni Kaup.
282 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
625. KAUP (1858). Uebersicht der Soleince, etc. Arch. Naturg.
JoHANN Jacob Kaup.
Monochirus Kaup, 94; orthotype M. maculipinnis Kaup. Not of Rafinesque,
1814 ; a synonym of /Achirus Lac.
Grammichthys Kaup 94; orthotype Achirus lineatus L. A synonym of Achirus
Lac.
.ffisopia Kaup, 97; logotype Solea cornuta Cuv. (as restricted by Giinther, 1862).
Euryglossa Kaup, 99; orthotype Pleuronectes orientalis B1. & Schn.
Eurypleura Kaup, 100; logotype E. leucorhyncha Kaup. A needless sub-
stitute for AcHiROiDES Blkr.
Gymnachirus Kaup, 101 ; orthotype G. nudus Kaup.
Aseraggodes Kaup, 103, logotype A. guttulatus Kaup.
Heteromycteris Kaup, 103; orthotype H. capensis Kaup.
Apionichthys Kaup, 104; orthotype A. dumerili Kaup.
626. KAUP (1858). Uebersicht der Plagtisincc, der fiinften Subfamilie der Pleiiro-
nectidce. Arch. Naturg., 1858, XXIV, pt. 1.
Johann Jacob Kaup.
Cantoria Kaup, 106; orthotype Plagusia cantori Bll<r. = Cantoria pinangensis
Kaup.
Aphoristia Kaup, 106 ; orthotype Achirus ornatus Lac. A snyonym of Symphurus
Raf.
Arelia Kaup, 106; logotype Pleuronectes arel B1. & Schn.
TruUa Kaup, 106; orthotype Plagusia trulla Cantor.
Icania Kaup, 106; orthotype Achirus cynoglossus Buchanan.
627. KAUP (1858). Einiges iiber die Acanthopterygiens a joue cuirassee Cuv.
Arch. Naturg., 1858, XXIV, pt. 1.
John Jacob Kaup
Polemius Kaup, 333 ; orthotype Apistus alatus Cuv. & Val. Kaup transfers Apistus
Cuv. to A. trachinoides, a species not mentioned by Cuvier, making Proso-
podasys. Cantor's substitute name (1849), a synonym of Apistus. Polemius
must be regarded as a synonym of Pterichthys Sw. if Apistus is rejected.
Cocotropus Kaup, 333; orthotype Corythobatus echinatus Cantor.
Feristethus Kaup, 336; orhotype (Trigla cataphracta L.). A change in spelling
of Peristedion a name also revised to Peristethidium.
Trichopleura Kaup, 338; orthotype Sthenopus mollis Rich. A synonym of
Sthenopus.
Hoplocottus Kaup, 339; logotype Podabrus cottoides Rich, (first species named),
a species of Pseudoblennius T. & S., 1850. Podabrus is preoccupied and
Hoplocottus was made to contain both Podabrus and Trachidermis Heckel.
A synonym of Pseudoblennius T. & S.
628. KNER (1858). Ichthyologische Beitrdge. II. Abtheilung. Sitzb. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, XXVI.
Rudolph Kner.
Asterophysus Kner, XXVI, 402 ; orthotype A. batrachus Kner.
Centromochlus Kner, XXVI, 430 f orthotype C. megalops Kner.
629. LEIDY (1858). Descriptions of Some Remains of Fishes from the Car-
boniferous and Devonian Formations of the United States. Joum. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., III.
Joseph Leidy.
LEiDv, 1858 283
Apedodus Leidy, III, 164; orthotype A. priscus Leidy (fossil). Probably a
synonym of Dendrodus.
630. LEIDY (1858) . Notices of Some Remains of Extinct Fishes (Hadrodus, etcj.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857 (1858), 167-168.
Joseph Leidy.
Hadrodus Leidy, 167; orthotype H. priscus Leidy.
Phasganodus Leidy, 167; orthotype P. dirus Leidy (fossil). A synonym of Cimo-
LicHTHYs Leidy.
Turseodus Leidy, 167; orthotype T. acutus Leidy (fossil).
631. VON DER MARCK (1858). (Fossil Fishes.) Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Geologie, X.
W. VON DER Marck (d. 1900).
Pelargorhynchus von der Marck, X, 242; logotype P. dercetiformis Marck (fossil).
Sardinius von der Marck, X, 245; orthotype Osmerus cordieri Ag. (fossil). Not
Sardinia Poey, 1860, nor Sardina Antipa, 1914, which is the same.
Sardinioides von der Marck, X, 245; orthotype Osmeroides monasteri Ag. (fossil).
A synonym of Osmeroides Ag.
Echidnocephalus von der Marck, X, 247; orthotype E. troscheli Marck (fossil).
An extinct analogue of Halosaurus.
Ischyrocephalus von der Marck, X, 248; orthotype I. gracilis Marck (fossil).
A synonym of Enchodus.
Platycormus von der Marck, X, 351 ; orthotype Beryx germanus Ag. (fossil).
632. PANDER (1858). Die Ctenodiptcrinen des devonischen Systems. St. Peters-
burg, 1858, VIII, 65.
Christian Heinrich Pander.
Cheirodus Pander, 33; orthotype C. jerofejewi Pander (fossil). A synonym of
Conchodus McCoy ; the name preoccupied.
Ptyctodus Pander, 48; orthotype P. obliquus Pander (fossil).
633. PHILIPPI (1858). Beschreibimg neuer JVirbelthiere aus Chile. Arch. Naturg.
Rudolph Amandus Philippi.
Chilopterus Philippi, 306 ; no specific name given. A larval lamprey ; probably of
Caragola Gray.
633A. QUENSTEDT (1858). Der Jura. Tubingen, 1856-1858, VI.
Friederich August von Quenstedt.
Desmacanthus Quenstedt, 34; orthotype D. cloacinus Quenstedt (fossil). A syno-
nym of Nemacanthus.
Lycodus Quenstedt, 240; orthotype Saurichthys gigas Quenstedt (fossil).
Pachylepis Quenstedt, 241; orthotype (problematical cranial bones) (fossil).
Chimaeracanthus Quenstedt, 347; orthotype. A. aalensis Quenstedt (fossil). A
synonym of Ischyodus.
Psilacanthus Quenstedt, 347; orthotype P. aalensis Quenstedt (fossil).
Typodus Quensteflt, 781; logotype T. annulatus Quenstedt (fossil). Apparently
a synonym of Mesodon, which, being preoccupied, it replaces.
Kokkoderma Quenstedt, 810; orthotype K. suevicum Quenstedt (fossil). Later
spelled Coccoderma.
284 THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
634. REINHARDT (1858). Stegophilus insidiosus, en ny mallefisk fra Brasilien
og dens levemaade. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1859, 79-97.
JOHANN ThEODOR ReINHARDT.
Stegophilus Reinhardt, tab. 2; orthotype S. insidiosus Reinh.
635. ROUAULT (1858.) Note sur Ics vertebres fossiles des terrains sedimentaired.
de I'ouest de la France. Comtes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 1858, XLVII, 99-103.
Marie Rouault.
Nummopalatus Rouault, XLVII, 101; orthotype N. edwardsius Rouault (fossil).
A synonym of Labrodon Gervais. .
Machaerius Rouault, XLVII, 102; orthotype M. archiaci Rouault (fossil). Name
preoccupied ; a synonym of Mach^racanthus Newberry.
636. THIOLLlfiRE (1858). Notice sur les poissons fossiles du Bugey, et sur
application de la methode de Cuvier a leur classement. Bull. Soc. Geol. France,
1858, 2 ser., XV, 782-794.
Victor Joseph de l'Isle Thiolliere.
Attakeopsis Thiolliere, XV, 784; orthotype A. desori Thiolliere (fossil). Name
only ; validated in 1873. A synonym of Ionoscopus Costa.
Callopterus Thiolliere, XV, 784; orthotype C. agassizi Thiolliere (fossil). Nama
occupied as Calopterus in beetles (1838) ; may be replaced by Ainia Jordan,
from the locality Ain in France.
637. WEINLAND (1858). A New Division of the Five Species of Flying-fish
Found Along the Coast of North America, Which Have Hitherto All Been
Referred to the Genus Exocetus. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 385.
David Friedrich Weinland.
Halocypselus Weinland, VI, 385; orthotype "Exoccetus mesogaster" = Exocce-
Tus volitans L. = E. EVOLANs L., the two being identical, as Dr. Lonnberg
has shown by the examination of Linnasus' type of E. volitans.
OMISSIONS IN PART II.
As these pages go through the press the following errors and omissions are noted :
On page 173, Bennett's Fishes of Mauritius, No. 143 A, is in two parts, both in
1831, not 1830. The first is the collection of Captain Belcher (November), the
second that of Charles Telfair (December).
Insert —
Apolectus Bennett, I, 146 (November) ; orthotype A. immunis Bennett. Name
preoccupied, replaced by Apodontis Bennett.
Apodontis Bennett, I, 169 (December) ; orthotype Apolectus immunis Bennett,
substitute for Apolectus Bennett, preoccupied by Apolectus Cuv. & Val.
(October) 1830.
Under Agonostomus read A. telfairi.
On page 174, to 142A Cuvier & Valenciennes add —
Apolectus Cuvier & Valenciennes, VIII, 438 ; orthotype A. stromateus Cuv.
& Val. = Stromateus nicer Bloch.
On page 219 the name Coccolus was given as substitute for Krohnius, a larval
Macroid, as stated on page 226.
INDEX TO PART II.
In the following list, the names of genera likely to prove valid are left unmarked ;
d indicates doubt of one form or another ; s indicates synonyms, apparently never
to be revived or added to the system.
Abeona, s, 258
Abron, 237
Abrostomus, 244
Acanthias, s, 225
Acanthidium, 195
Acanthobrama, 211
Acanthoclinus, 212
Acanthocottus, s, 249
Acanthodemus, d, 264
Acanthoderma Cantraine, s,
188
Acanthoderma Ag., s, 217
Acanthodes, s, \77
Acantholabrus, 194
Acantholepis, s, 229
Acanthonemus, 180
Acanthopleurus, d, 217
Acanthopsis, s, 180
Acanthosoma, s, 210
Acanus, 191
Acara, s, 207
Acarana, 179
Acentronura, 253
Acestra, s, 260
Acestrus, d, 224
Acharnes, 239
Achiroides, 247
Acinacea, d, 170
Acomus, s, 269
Acoura, s, 204
Acrocheilus, 261
Acrochordonichthys, 279
Acrodus Geinitz, 189
Acrodus Ag., 191
Acrogaster, 191
Acrognathus, 219
Acrolepis, 177
Acronurus, s, 259
Acropoma Owen, s, 216
Acropoma T. & S., 260
Acrotemnus, 217
Actinobatis, d, 214
Actinolepis, d, 225
Acus, s, 205
Adiapneustes, s, 234
Adonis, s, 258
^chmodus. s, 256
Aellopos. 185
^sopia, 182
.^thalion, 212
Aetoplatea, 193
Agassichthys, s, 276
Agoniates, 227
Agonostomus, 174
Agoreion, d. 237
Agosia, 269
Ailurichthys, s, 255
Alausa, s, 231
Alazon, d, 2Z7
Alburnellus, s, 269
Alburnops, 270
Alepes, 200
Alepisaurus, d, 179
Algansea, 269
Alestss, 221
Aleuterius, s, 22Z
Algoma, s, 269
Alopecias, s, 192
Altona, s, 268
Alysia, s, 195
Amanses, 179
Amblyceps, 279
Amblygaster, s, 240
Amblyopsis, 210
Amblyopus, s, 188
Amblypterus, 177
Amblyrhynchotus, d, 263
Amblysemus, 217
Amblyurus, s, 184
Ameibodon, d, 191
Amia, d, 259
Ammocoetus, d, 170
Amphibichthys, s, 209
Amphichthys, 202
Amphilophus, 277
Amphioxus, s, 186
Amphipnous, 196
Amphiprionichthys, 263
Amphiscarus, s, 199
Amphistichus, 255
Amphistium, 181, 218
Analithis, d, 237
Anaora, d, 1/9
Anarrhichthys, 262
Anchisomus, s, 261
Ancistrodon, s, 250
Ancistrus, 260
Anepistomon, s, 236
Anguisurus, s, 271
Anodontostoma, 241
Anomiophthalmus, d, 268
Anoplocapros, 265
Anoplopoma, 277
Anoplus, s, 213
Anormurus, d, 171
Anosmius, s, 266
Antaceus, d, 185
Antigonia, 215
Apeches, s, 236
Apedodus, d, 283
Apeltes, 210
Apepton, s, 236
Aperioptus, 240
Apanacanthus, s, 263
Aphanopus, 195
Aphobus, s, 238
Aphoristia, s, 282
11
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Aphredoderus, 178
Aplithalmichthys, 272
Apionichthys, 282
Apistus, d, 174
Aploactis, 216
Aplocheilus, 195
Aplochiton, 212
Apliirus, s, 209
Apocryptes, d, 188
Apodichthys, 258
Apodometes, s, 237
Apodontis. 284
Apogonichthys, 256
Apogonoides, 240
Apolectus Bennett, s, 175
Apolectus Cuv. & Val, 285
Aprion, s, 192
Apsicephalus, d, 275
Apterichthe, s, 269
Apterigia, s, 262
Apterogasterus, d, 184
Apterygia, s, 179
Aptocylus, 183
Aracana, 192
Arapaima Miiller, 216, 229
Archaeacanthus, s, 281
Archasoteuthis, s, 264
Archasus, 218
Arelia, 282
Arges, 206
Argyrea, s, 210
Argyreus, s, 211
Argyrlepes, s, 200
Argyrops, 199
Argyrosomus De la Pylaie,
s, 184
Argyrosomus Ag., s, 245
Ariodes, 243
Ariosoma, 193, 198
Arius, d, 206
Arnion, s, 237
Arothron, s, 196
Arripis, 211
Artedius, 269
Arthropterus, d, 214
Ascalabos, s, 196
Asellus, s, 223
Aseraggodes, 282
Asima, s, 233, 242
Aspicottus, 257
Aspidontus, 180
Aspidoparia, 215
Aspidorhynchus, 177
Aspius, 180
Aspredinichthys. 279
Assiculus, s, 230
Asteracanthus, 186
Asterodermus, s, 214
Asterodon, 209
Asteroptychius, 239
Asterophysus, 282
Astrape, s, 193
Astrocanthus, s, 205
Astrolepis, 206
Astronesthes, 222
Astronotus, 200
Astyanax, 255
Ateleopus, d, 230
Atherinichthys, s, 253
Atherinoides, s, 253
Atherinopsis, 257
Atimostoma, s, 244
Attakeopsis. s, 284
Attilus, s, 238
Auchenaspis Egert., s, 275
Auchenaspis Blkr., s, 278
Auchenichthys, s. 268
Aulacocephalus, 213
Aulacosteus, 229
Aulodus, s, 245
Aulopyge, 209
Autolepis, 218
Badis, 253
Bagarius, 253
Bagroides, 248
Bagrus, d, 194
Baiodon, s, 277
Baione. s, 210
Balitora. s, 178
Ballerus, 211
Basilichthys. 258
Batis, s, 187
Batrachocephalus, 230, 278
Batrachoglanis, d, 281
Batrachops Heckel. 263
Batrachops Bibron. s, 207
Batrachopus, s, 172
Bdellostoma, s, 182
Bedula, s, 179
Belemnobatis, 261
Belobranchus, 268
Belodontichthys, 279
Belonopsis, s, 256
Belonorhynchus, s, 279
Belonostomus, 180
Bengala, 179
Benthophilus, 176
Btrycopsis, 245
Betta, 245
Bibronia. s, 219
Blennechis, s, 185
BlenniomcEus. s, 245
Blenniops, s, 266
Blennitrachus, s, 198
Blennophis, s, 202
Blicca, 281
Bodianus, 171
Bogoda, s, 253, 275
Boleophthalmus, d, 188
Boleosoma, 210
Boops, s, 258
Borborodes, s, IZl
Bothriolepis, 206
Bothrolcemus, s, 265
Bothrosteus, d, 224
Boxaodon, d, 238
Brachionichthys, 263
Brachioptilon, s, 244
Brachirus, s, 203
Brachycephalus, d, 275
Brachygnathus, s, 224
Brachyochirus, d, 209
Brachyrus, s, 201
Brachysomophis, 271
Branchiostoma, 180
Bremaceros, 208
Breviceps, s, 194
Brontes, s, 206
Brotella, 281
Brotulophis, 281
Brychastus, 224
Brycinus, 242
Brycon, 221
Bubalichthys, d, 261
Bufichthys, s, 201
Bunocephalichthys, 279
Bunocephalus, 265
Butis, 267
Byssacanthus, 225
Bythites, 190
INDEX
111
Byzenos, s, 216
Cacus, d, 264
Cacodoxus. d, 241
Caeso, s, 235
Calamopleurus, 208
Calainostoma, 177
Calamus. 199
Calignathus, s, 253
Callanthias, 195
Callechelys, 271
Callicanthus, 201
Callichrous, s, 172
Callipteryx, 191
Callopterus, s, 284
Calloptilum, s, 222
Calophysus, 216
Calopomus, d, 224
Calycilepidotus, 262
Camarina, s, 255
Campodus, 220
Campostoma. 261
Caninoa, d, 221
Caninotus, s, 222
Cannorhynchus, s, 241
Cantherines, 205
Canthidermis, 204
Canthigaster, 198
Canthirhynchus, s, 202
Canthophrys, s, 204
Cantoria, 282
Capellaria, s, 235
Capitodus, 212
Capoeta, 210
Capriscus, s, 204
Caprodon, 216
Caprophonus, s, 243
Capropygia, 265
Caracanthus, 227
Caragola, s, 249
Carangichthys, s, 250
Carangodes, d, 270
Carangoides. 248
Carangopsis. 181. 218
Carangus. d, 180
Carapus, d, 243
Carassius. 176
Carcharias, s, 234
Carcharodon Smith, 190
Carcharodon M. & H., 192
Carcharopsis, s, 214
Carelophus, .y, 226
Cariniceps, s, 260
Carpio, s, 281
Catla, s, 219
Catochsenum, s, 241
Catonotus. d, 254
Catophorhynchus, s, 263
Catopra. s, 248
Catoprion, 221
Catopterus Ag., 177
Catopterus Redfield, s, 190
Catulus. s, 190
Caturus, 179
Cebedichthys, 262
Cenisophius, d, 226
Centaurus, s, 265
Centracion, d, 176
Centridermichthys, 222
Centrodus M'Coy, s, 243
Centrodus Giebel. 231
Centrolepis, 280
Centrogenys, 212
Centromochlus, 282
Centrophorus, d, 192
Centroscyllium, 193
Centrurophis, s, 271
Cephalaspis, 181
Cephalinus, s, 259
Cephalocassis, 278
Cephalus Bon., s, 226
Cephalus Basilewski, s, 262
Cephus. s, 203
Cepolophis, s, 272
Ceramurus, 226
Ceratias, 227
C ratichthys Baird &
Grd., 252
Ceratichthys Girard, s, 270
Ceratodus, d, 191
Ceratoptera, s, 193
Cerdo, s. 235
Cerna;. d, 187
Cestraeus, d, 185
Cestreus McClelland. 212
Cestreus Gronow, s, 258
Chaca, 206
Chsenichthys, i^, 222
Chaenogobius, 280
Chaetichthys, s, 238
Chsetobranchus, 207
Chaetodermis, 205
Chaetolabrus, s, 199
Chastomus, 220
Chastopterus, s, 223
Chaetostoma, 230
Cha?turichthys, 222
Chalcinus, 242
Chalisoma. s, 204
Chanda. 172
Channichthys, 222
Channo-Murasna. 223
Charax, s, 173
Chasmodes, 185
Chaunax, 229
Chedrus, s, 202
Cheilichthys, s, 196
Cheilinoides, 248
Cheilobarbus, 244
Cheilobranchus, s, 223
Cheilonemus. d, 266
Cheilopogon, s, 207
Cheilotrema. s, 230
Cheiracanthus, 181
Cheirodon, 258
Cheirodus M'Coy, 239
Cheirodus Pander, s, 283
Cheirolepis. 181
Chelonichthys, s, 217
Chelonodon, 196
Chelyophorus, 225
Cheonda, s, 270
Chiastolepis, 220
Chilodus M. & T., s, 221
Chilodus Giebel, d, 231
Chilomycterus, 228
Chilopterus, d, 283
Chilorhinus, 249
Chiloscyllium, 192
Chimaeracanthus, s, 283
Chirocentrites, s, 242
Chirolophis, 202
Chiropsis, .y. 275
Chirostoma, 200
Chlorichthys. s, 200
Chlorophthalmus. 206
Chlorurus, s, 199
Choerodon, 230
Choeroichthys. 254
Choerops, s, 251
Chologaster, 251
IV
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Chomatodus, 190
Chondrochilus, s, 211
Chondrorhynchus, s, 211
Chondrosteus Egert., 280
Chondrosteus Ag., 217
Chbndrostoma, 180
Choiierhinos, 256
Choridactylus, 240
Chorisochismus, 228
Chromichthys, 280
Chromis, s, 259
Chrysichthys, 278
Chrysiptera, d, 199
Chrysoblephus, d, 199
Cibotion, s, 265
Cichlasoma, d, 200
Cichlaurus, d, 198
Cichlops. s, 143
Ciliata, 176
Cimolichthys, 273
Citharinus, 243
Cirrhilabrus, 227
Cirrhimursena, 271
Cirrhisomus, s, 205
Cirrhitichthys, 274
Cirripectes, s, 202
Citharus, s, 193
Cladacanthus, s, 213
Cladocyclus, 208
Cladodus, 213
Clarotes, 265
Climatius, 225
Climaxodus, s, 239
Clinitrachus, s, 197
Clinostomus, d, 270
Cliola, s, 269
Clupeichthys, s, 264
Clupeoides, s, 247
Clupeonia, d, 231
Clupisoma, 204
Clupisudis, 202
Clypeocottus, s, 255
Cnidon, s, 227, 243
Cobiitichthys, s, 279
Cobitbpsis, 254
Coccodus, 247
Coccolepis, 218
Coccolus Bon., s, 226, 284
Coccolus Cocco, s, 219
Coccosteus, 218
Cochliodus, 191
Cochlognathus, 255
Cocotropus, 282
Codoma, 270
CcEcilophis, s, 271
Ccelacanthus, 218
Ccelocephalus, s, 219
Coelodus, d, 270
Coelolepis. 273
Ccelogaster, 181
Ccelonotus, 266
Coeloperca, d, 224
Coelopoma, s, 224
Ccelorhynchus, 219
Coius, 172
Colobodus, s, 217
Colonodus, 239
Compsacanthus, s, 273
Conchodus, 239
Conger, s, 167
Congermursena, s, 272
Congerodon Kaup, 271
Congerodon Blkr., 277
Congiopus, 170
Congrus, s, 223
Conodus, s, 217
Conorhynchos, 278 ,
Conosaurus, d, 246
Conostome, d, 269
Coptodon, 253
CoraXj 214
Cordylus, s, 259
Corica, d, 172
Corynopoma, s, 281
Corythobatus, d, 241
Corythroichthys, s, 253
Cosmacanthus, 225
Cosmolepis, 280
Cossyphus Cuv. & Val.,
s, 194
Cossyphus McClelland,
s, 220
Cottopsis, d, 249
Cotylephorus, s, 204
Cotylis, s, 215
Couchia. s, 274
Crassilabrus, d. 199
Crenicichla, 207
Creotroctes. s, 237
Cricathanthus, s, 213
Cricodus, 217
Cristiceps, 185
Crius, s, 223
Cromileptes, 198
Crossorhinus, s, 192
Cryptacanthodes, 197
Cryptocentrus, 188
Ctenacanthus, 186
Ctenodon Nilsson, s, 266
Ctenodon Bon., s, 175
Ctenodon Sw., s, 201
Ctenodus, d, 191
Ctenogobius, 281
Ctenolabrus, 194
Ctenolepis, d, 217
Ctenopoma Peters, 230,
266
Ctenopoma Heckel. s, 270
Ctenops, s, 227
Ctenoptychius, 190
Cubiceps, s, 215
Culius, s, 267
Culter, d, 262
Cyanichthys, s, 265
Cyclarthrus, d, 214
Cyclichthys, 265
Cyclobatis, 220
Cyclopium, 204
Cyclopoma, 177
Cyclurus, d, 218
Cylindracanthus. d, 273
Cymatogaster, 257
Cynsedus, s, 200
Cynichthys, s, 198
Cynicoglossus, d, 187
Cynoglossa, s, 226
Cynoponticus, 228
Cynopotamus, 242
Cyprinella, 270
Cyprinion, 211
Cyprinopsis, s, 187
Cypselurus, 203
Cyrene, s, 215
Dajaus, d, 185
Damalichthys, 258
Dangila, 210
Dapalis, 238
Dascillus, s, 259
Dasybatus, s, 187
Datnioides, s, 252
INDEX
Davalla, 278
Decepterus, 248
Demiurga. s, 237
Dendrochirus, 198
Dendrodus, 209
Denius, s, 237
Deportator, s, 237
Dercetis, 180
Dermogenys, ^72
Desmacanthus, s, 283
Diabolichthys, s, 270
Diacantha, s, 204
Diaphasia, s, 215
Diapterus, 208
Dichelospondylus, s, 268
Dichotomycter, s, 263
Dicotylichthys, 265
Dicrenodus, 254
Dictea, s, 207
Dictyodus, 196
Dictyopyge, 231
Dictyosoma, 227
Dilionia, 211
Dilobomycter, s, 263
Dimeracanthus, 229
Dinematichthys, 263
Dionda, 269
Diphreutes, d, 241
Diplacanthus Duff, 210
l)-placanthus Ag., 225
Diplectrum, 265
Diplocheilus, 172
Diplodus, s, 213
Diplomyste, 269
Diplopterax, 265
Diplopterus, s, 181
Dipteronotus, 256
Dipterigonotus, s, 240
Discognathus, s, 211
Discopyge, 230
Distichodus M. & T., 227
Distichodus Cuv. & Val.,
242
Disticholepis, s, 247
Ditrema, 223
Doryrhamphus, 254
Doryichthys, 254
Doydixodon, 266
Dorypterus, 212
Drepane, d, 175
Ductor, 218
Dulichthys, d, 175
Dussumieria, 231
Duymaeria, 267
Echemythes, /, 235
Echenus, s, 224
Echidnoccphalus, d, 283
Echiodon, s, 190
Echiopsis, s, 271
Echiostoma, 215
Edaphodon, 191
Edestus, 272
Elagatis, 206
Elapsopsis, s, 271
Elasmodus, 214
Elastoma, s, 198
Ellipesurus, 212
Ellops, s, 236
Eleuthurus, s, 171
Elonichthys, 233
Elopopsis, 270
Elopides, 219
Elops, s, 175
Eleotriodes, 275
Embiotoca, 252
Emmelichthys, 223
Encheiziphius, 276
Encheliophis, 215
Enchelycore, 271
Enchelycotte, s, 268
Enchelynassa, d, 265, 271
Enchelyopus, s, 181, 218
Enchodus, 181
Encrotes, s, 236
Endactis, s, 280
Englottogaster, d, 236
Enixe, d, 235
Enneapterygius, 184
Enneodon, s, 259
Ennichthys, s, 258
Enophrys, 202
Enoplosus, 169
Epalzeorhynchos, 264
Eperlanus Gaimard, s,
249
Eperlanus Basilewsky, s
262
Ephippoin, d, 263
Epicyrtus. s, 221
Epinnula, 260
Epipedorhynchus, s, 263
Erethistes, 243
Erismacanthus, 239
Erosa, 197
Erpichthys, s, 202
Erythrichthys T. & S., s,
227
Erythrichthys Bon., s, 175
Erythrinus, 173
Erythrodon, s, 251
Erychthys, s, 199
Esomus, 202
Esunculus, d, 272
Etrumeus, 253
Euanemus, s, 216
Eucinostomus, 274
Eucynodus, 260
Eudynama, s, 238
Eugnathus, d, 194
Eupemis, s, 200
Euporista, s, 237
Eupnosa, s, 238
Euryarthra, s, 214
Euryglossa, 282
Eurygnathus, s, 224
Eurylepsis, 276
Eurymyctera. s, 271
Eurynotus, s, 181
Eurypholis, s, 247
Eurypleura, s, 282
Eutropius, 243
Exocallus, s, 183
Exodon. d, 221
Exoles, s, 236
Fario, s, 233
Farionella, s, 242
Felichthys. d, 203
Fluta, s, 169
Euro, d, 236
Gadella, 215
Gadiculus, 246
Gadopsis Rich., 223
Gadopsis Filippi, s, 265
Gadopsis Ag., s, 224
Gagata, 279
Galeichthys, 206
Galeocerdo, 192
Galeodes, d, 259
Gallichthys. s, 178
Gambusia, 260
VI
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Ganodus, 214
Gardonus, s, 226
Gasteronemus Ag., 177
Gasteroschisma, 227
Gasterotokeus, s, 253
Gastronemus Bon., s, 226
Gastrophysus, s, 216
Gazza, 184
Geneion, s, 263
Genicanthus, s, 198
Genidens, 264
Genyoroge, 241
Genypterus, 276
Geophagus, 207
Geotria, 249
Gibelion. 211
Gila, 252
Ginglymostoma, 190
Girardinus, s, 261
Girella, 179
Giton, s, 268
Glanis Ag., s, 267
Glanis Gronow, s, 259
Glaphyrodus, s, 228
Glaucosoma, 216
Glaucostegus, s, 225
Gliscus, s, 235
Globulodus, 212
Glossodon, s, 211
Glossodus Costa, s, 253
Glossodus M'Coy, 239
Glyptocephalus Gottsche,
182
Glyptocephalus Ag., s, 217
Gliptolaemus, s, 284
Glyptolepis, 218
Glyptopomus, 218
Glyptosternon, 212
Glyptosteus, s, 217
Gnathanacanthus, 263
Gnathanodon, 247
Gobileptes. d, 198
Gobiodon, 267
Gomphodus, s, 274
Goniobatis, s, 277
Goniodus, s, 184
Goniognathus, s, 218
Gonocephalus, s, 258
Gonopterus, s, 258
Gonorhynchus, s, 195
Gonostoma, s, 172
Gouania, 176
Grammichthys, s, 282
Gremilla, s, 234
Grundulus, 228
Guiritinga, 278
Gunnellichthys. 277
Gunnellus, s, 185
Gymnachirus, 282
Gymnapistes, 201
Gymnelis, 193
Gymnocanthus, 202
Gymnocephalus, s, 191
Gymnogaster, s, 168
Gymnostomus, 211
Gymnothorax, 168
Gymnura, s, 190
Gyracanthus, 186
Gyrodus, 177
Gyrolepis Kade, s, 281
Gyrolepis Ag., 177
Gyronchus, 217
Gyropristis, s, 213
Gyroptychius, 239
Gyrosteus Ag., 217
Gyrosteus Egert., 280
Hadrodus, 283
Hadropterus. 254
Halec, 180
Halecopsis, 218, 219
Halicampus, 253
Halichceres, d, 184
Halieutsa, 189
Halocypselus. s, 284
Hamiltonia, s, 200
Hapalogenys, 222
Haplacanthus, 225
Harengula, 231
Harpagifer, 222
Harpochirus, d, 241
Harpodon, 172
Hegerius, d, 226
Helicobranchus, s, 260
Helicophagus, 277
Helmichthys, s, 256
Helodus, 190
Helops, 178
Hemerocoetes, 189
Hemichromis. 276
Hemidoras, s, 278
Hemigaleus, d, 250
Hemigrammus, 281
Hemiodus M. & T., 243
Hemiodus Miiller, 216
Hemiodon, 260
Hemimarsupium, 254
Hemipimelodus. 278
Hemipristis, 214
Hemirhynchus. s, 219
Hemiscyllium, 190
Hemisilurus, 279
Hemistoma, s, 199
Hemithylacus, s, 272
Hemitrygon, 190
Hemiulis, d, 199
Hepsetia, 187
Heptadiodon, 264
Heptanema, 274
Heptapterus, 278
Heptatrema, s, 268
Herichthys, s, 255
Heros, s, 207
Herpetoichthys, s, 271
Hesperanthias, s, 215
Heterandria, 251
Heterodon, s, 225
Heterognathodon, s, 233
Heterognathus, s, 258
Heteromycteris, 282
Heterophthalmus, s, 267
Heteropneustes, 196
Heterosteus, s, 267
Heterostichthus, 258
Heterotis Miiller, s, 216
Heterotis Guv. & Val., s,
229
Hexabranchus, s, 184
Hexacanthus, d, 193
Hexanematichthys, 278
Hieroptera, s, 209
Himantolophus, 193
Himantura, 190
Hippichthys, 241
Hippocephalus, d, 202
Hippoglossoides, 182
Histiodromus, s, 234
Histionotus, 256
Histiurus, s, 245
Holacanthodes, s, 233
Holacanthus, s, 258
INDEX
VU
Holconotus, 255
Holochondrus, s, 261
Holodus, s, 228
Holoptychus, 194
Holosteus, 219
Homacanthus, 225
Homalopomus, s, 269
Homodon, s, 230
Homonotus, 245
Homoprion, s, 265
Homostius, 267
Hemothorax, s, 225
Hoplisoma, s, 203
Hoplocottus. s, 282
Hoplogygus, s, 217
Hoplophycis, s, 281
Hoplopteryx, 191
Hoplosternum, 281
Hudsonius, d, 270
Huso, s, 177
Hybodus, 186
Hybognathus, 261
Hybopsis, 254
Hyborchyunchus, 261
Hydrocion, s, 269
Hydrocynus, 171
Hydrolycus, 221
Hydronus, s, 176
Hydropardus, s, 244
Hylomyzon, s, 261
Hymenphysa, s, 195
Hynnis, 178
Hyoprorus, s, 254
Hyostoma, s, 254
Hypeneus, s, 228
Hyperprosopon, 257
Hypnos, s, 250
Hypodytes, d, 235
Hypolophus. s, 193
Hypoprion, 192
Hypsinotus, s, 223
Hypsodon. d, 186, 219
Hypsolepis, s, 245, 255
Hypsophrys, s, 277
Hysterocarpus. 257
Icania, 282
Icelus, 226
Ichthyapus, s, 231
Ichthycallus, s, 200
Ichthyocampus, 253
Ichthyococcus, 206
Ichthyocolla, 168
Ichthyocoris, s, 206
Ichthyorhynchus, s, 274
Ichthyosauroides, 189
Ichthyscopus, 202
Idus, 281
Ilarches, d, 241
Ilisha, 227
Iluocoetes, 212
Imogaster, 275
lonoscopus, 253
Ischyodus, 214
Ischypterus, s, 231
Ischyrhiza, s, 272
Ischyrocephalus, s, 283
Isodus M'Coy, 239
Isodus Heckel, s, 243
Istieus, 219
Isurus Egert., s, 189
Isurus Ag.. s, 218
Janassa, 176
Kentrocapros, 265
Keris, 181
Ketengus. 230. 278
Kokkoderma, 283
Kowala, 231
Krohnius, 219
Kryptopterichthys, 279
Krytopterus, 279
Labeobarbus, s, 186
Labrichthys, 256
Labrisomus, 202
Labri stoma, s, 200
Labrodon, 275
Labroides, 248
Labrophagus, d, 224
Lactarius, 178
Lactophrys, 204
Lagocephalus, 205
Lagodon, 265
Lasmargus, s, 192
Lasviraja, d, 187
Lamnodus. s, 225
Lamnostomo, 271
Lampanyctus, 206
Lampetra, 249
Lampugus, s, 178
Laparus, d, 224
Lateolabrax, d, 274
Latris, 197
Laurida, s, 203
Lavinia, 257
Lebiasina, 229
Legnonotus, 256
Leiacanthus. 186
Leiocassis, 278
Leiocottus, 269
Lefodon Wood, s, 232
Leiodon Sw., 198
Leioglossus, 248
Leiopsis, 174
Leirus, s, 179
Leisomus, s, 205
Leiuranus, d, 253
Leiurus Dum., s, 268
Leiurus Sw., s, 200, 205
Lepidion, d, 203
Lepidocephalus, 279
Lepidogobius, 280
Lepidopides. s, 246
Lepidorhinus, 225
Leipidosiren, 189
Lepisoma, s, 210
Leptacanthus, 186
Leptaspis, s, 250
Leptocarias, 190
Leptocephalichthys. s, 267
Leptocephalus, s, 262
Leptocharias, s, 193
Leptocottus, 257
Leptodes, s, 203
Leptognathus, s, 205
Leptogunnellus, 262
Leptoichthys, 254
Leptonotus, 253
Leptonurus. s, 241
Leptorhinophis, s, 271
Leptorhynchus Lowe, s,
244
Leptorhynchus Smith, s,
251
Leptoscarus, 199
Lepturus, s, 259
Leucaspius, 281
Leucos, d, 215
Leucosomus, d, 211
Libys, 212
Limamurasna, s, 271
Limanda, 182
Vlll
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Limia, s, 261
Lioniscus, 185
Lithognathus, 199
Lithulcus, d, 238
Lophistomus, d, 250
Lophosteus, 274
Lotella, 281
Loxodon, 192
Loxostomus, d, 224
Luciobarbus, 211
Luciocephalus, 247
Luciosoma, 264
Lumpus, s, 171
Lutoderia, s, 184
Lycodes, 193
Lycodontis, d, 220
Lycodus, 283
Lycogenis, d, 174
Lycoptera, 239
Machseracanthus, 276
Alachserium, s, 216
Machserius, s, 284
Macrochyrus, s, 201
Macrodon, s, 216
Macrognathus. s, 259
Macrones, s, 269
Macropetalichthys, 229
Macropoma Ag., 181, 217
Macropoma Egert., s, 280
Macrops, s, 269
Macrosemius, 179
Macrostoma, s, 191
Maina, s, 236
Malacosteus. 240
Manta, 174
Massaria, s, 236
Alaurolicus, 191
Mecolepis, s, 273
Meda, 269
Megalaspis, 248
Megalepis, s, 262
Megalichthys, s, 185, 217
Megalodon, 181
Megalurites, d, 245
Megalurus, s, \77
Megaprotodon, 238
Megastoma, s, 226
Meladerma, s, 200
Melanichthys, s, 223
Melantha, ^. 238
Melanodactylus, 278
Melanura, s, 252
Meletta, s, 231
Melichthys. 204
Memarchus, s, 268
Membras, 187
Menaspis, 233
Mendosoma, 238
Alenidia. 187
Meristodon, d, 214
Merlinus, d, 224
Merlucius, s, 259
Merlus, j. 238
Merou, s, 175
Mesites, s, 212
Mesodon, s, 250
Mesogaster, 219
Mesopristes, s, 225
Metopias, s, 215
Microcanthus, 198
Microchirus, 187
Microdon, s, 177
Microdonophis, s, 271
Microdus. d, 275
Microgaster, s, 199
Microichthys, 251
Microlepis Eichw., d, 220
Microlepis Bon., s, 226
Micrometrus, 257
Alicronema, 279
Microphis, 254
Micropogonias, s, 175
Microps, s, 177
Microspondylos, d, 217
Microstomus, d. 182
Minomus, s, 269
Mochokus, 182
Mola, s, 215
Molacanthus, s, 205
Molarii, s, 223
Molvella, s, 281
Moniana, s, 270
Monochirus Bon., s, 282
Monochirus Kaup, s, 187
Monocirrhus, 207
Monotreta, s, 263
Monopteros, 169
Mordacia. s, 249
Mormyrhynchus, s. 203
Mormyrops, 216
Mormyrus, 167
Mulloides, 240
Mupus, 178
Mursenesox, 220
Murjenichthys, 252
Muraenoblenna, s, 272
Mursenopsis, s, 271
Mylesinus, 242
Myleus, 221
Mylocheilus, 262
Mylognathus, d, 272
Mylopharodon, 262
Myriacanthus. 186
Myriodon, s, 230
Myrmillo, s, 237
Myrophis, 249
Myrus, s, 271
Mystriophis, 271
Mystus, s, 259
Mytilophagus, s, 257
Narcine, 180
Narcodes, d, 225
Narcopterus, d, 214
Nasus, s, 262
Nauclerus, s, 178
Naulas, 225
Naupygus, d, 224
Neanis, s, 236
Nebrius, d, 184
Nemacanthus, 186
Nemadactylus, 197
Nematogenys, 258
Nematopoma, s, 281
Nematosoma, d, 176
Nemichthys, 240
Nemipterus, 199
Nemobrama, s, 223
Nemophis, 281
Nemopteryx, 219
Nemotherus Costa, s, 180
Nemotherus Sw., s, 201
Nephrotus, s, 249
Nestis. s, 185
Netuma, 278
Nocomis, 269
Nomalus, s, 234
Nostolepis, 274
Notacmon, 236
Notaeus, 218
Notagogus, 177
INDEX
IX
Nothosoma, 280
Nothosomus, 217
Notorhynchus, 216
Notothenia, 222
Nummopalatus, s, 284
Nuria, s, 210
Octonematichthys, 278
Odontacanthus, s, 225
Odontaspis, d, 184
Odonteus, s, 194
Odontostomus, s, 191
Odontotodus, 274
Odonus, d, 238
Ognichodes, s, 202
Oligocottus, 269
OHgopleurus, 247
Olisthops, 247
Olyra, 212
Ommatolampes. 246
Omobranchus, s, 185
Omosoma, 275
Omphalodus, s, 232
Onchus, 186
Onychodus, 276
Ophicardia, s, 220
Ophichthys, s, 205
Ophiodon, 257
Ophiopsis, 179
Ophirachis, d, 268
Ophisoma, s, 205
Ophisomus, s, 202
Ophisternon, s, 220
Ophisurapus, s, 271
Ophithorax, s, 220
Oplegnathus, 208
Oplopoma, s, 269
Oplopomus, 188
Opsarius, d, 195
Oracanthus, 186
Orectolobus, 187
Oreinus, d, 195
Orestias, 228
Ornichthys, s, 201
Orodus, 190
Oroptychus, d, 228
Orthacanthus, d, 213
Orthocolus, s, 238
Orthodon, 269
Osmeroides, 219
Osteobrama, s, 211
Osteogeneiosus, 230
Osteoglossum, s, 262
Osteoplax, 239
Ostichthys, 174
Ostogeneiosus, 278
Otodus, d, 214
Oxuderces, 213
Oxybeles, s, 223
Oxycirrhites, 274
Oxydoras, 265
Oxygnathus, 264
Oxygonius, d. 226
Oxyi-hina, .s-, 190, 218
Oxytes, 231
Oxyurichthys, 279
Ozodura, s, 196
Pachycephalus, d, 224
Pachycormus, 177
Pachygaster, 231
Pachylabrus, ^". 257
Pachylepis Pander, s, 274
Pachylepis Quenstedt, s,
283
Pachynathus, s, 199
Pachypterus, s, 204
Pachyrhizodus, 246
Pachystomus, s, 211
Pachyurus, s, 205
Pagetodes, 222
Palgeobates, 243
Palaeoscyllium, 276
Palseoteuthis, s, 266
Palamita, d, 175
Pallasia, s, 196
Palimphyes, 218
Pamphractus, s, 218
Pampus, 187
Palymphyes, 231
Pangasius, 206
Parabatrachus, 254
Parachromis, d, 277
Paralabrax, 269
Pareiodon, 265
Parexus, 225
Parodon, 242
Parophrys, 257
Paschalestes, s, 236
Passolodon, s, 191
Pastinaca Dekay. s, 210
Pastinaca Gronow, s, 258
Pastinaca Dumeril, s, 268
Pataecus, 222
Pedalion, s, 193
Pedites. d, 236
Pelargorhynchus, 283
Pelecus, 180
Pellona, s, 231
Pelonectes, s, 234
Peloria, s, 219
Pentaprion, 245
Perca-Labrax. d, 213
Percarina, 207
Percichthys. 258
Percilia, 258
Percina, 211
Percopsis, 232
Percostoma, d, 224
Periergus, 237
Perilampus, s, 195
Periodus, 217
Periophthalnuis, 169
Peristhethus, s, 282
Peromere, s, 268
Peroptera. s, 238
Peropus, s, 195
Petalodus, 207
Petalopteryx, 247
Petrocephalus, 260
Petrodus, 239
Petronason, s, 199
Petroscirtes, 173
Phasnodon, s, 247
Phasganodus, 283
Phasganus, d, 224
Phagorus, 220
Phalacronotus, 279
Phalacrus, s, 224
Phanerodon, 258
Phaneropleuron, 284
Pharopteryx, s, 251
Philypnoides, s, 241
Philypnus, j. 188
Phobetor, s, 226
Pholidichthys, 267
Pholidopleurus, 279
Pholidotus, s, 244
Phorcynus, s, 261
Phoxinellus, 215
Phoxinus, s, 180
Phucocoetes, 212
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Phyllodus, 217
Phyllolepis, 219
Phyllopteryx, 205
Physichthys, s, 266
Physiculus, 281
Physogaster, s, 196
Physonemus, 239
Piabucina, 242
Pigus, s, 226
Pileoma, s, 210
Pimelonotus, s. 281
Pinirampus, 278
Pinjalo. 225
Piramutana, 279
Pirarara, s, 173
Piratinga, 279
Pirene, s, 235
Pisodonophis, 271
Pisodus, d, 227
Placosteus, s, 217
Placothorax, s, 218
Plagiusa, s, 187
Plagusia Sw., s, 203
Plagusia Bon., s, 226
Planesox, d, 260
Platacanthus, d, 246
Platichthys, 257
Platinx. s, 181
Platophrys, 203
Platops, s, 260
Plataxoides, s, 264
Platyacanthus, s, 239
Platycanthus, s, 204
Platycara, s, 195
Platycormus, 283
Platygaster, s, 203
Platygenys, 260
Platygnathus, s, 218
Platylsemus, 245
Platylepes, s, 200
Platynematichthys, 279
Platypodus. 169
Platyptera, s, 189
Platypterus, s, 201
Platyrhina, d, 193
Platysonia, s, 185
Platysomus Ag., d, 181
Platysomus Sw., s, 201
Platysqualus, s, 204
Platystacus, s, 168
Plecoglossus, 230
Plectrodus, s, 194
Plectrolepis Ag,, s, 181, 218
Plectrolepis Egert., s, 246
Plectrostoma, s, 237
Pleionemus, d, 218
Pleiopterus, j', 181
Plethodus, d, 245
Pleuracanthus, .y, 186
Pleurodus. d, 213
Pleurolepis, s, 251
Pleuronichthys, 257
Pleuropholis, 280
Pleurothyris, s, 215
Pneumabranchus, s, 220
Podabrus, .y, 240
Podager, s, 236
Podocephalus, d, 224
Podocys, 191
Pododus, d, 217
Pogonathus, s, 175
Pogonichthys. 257
Pogonognathus, s, 240
Poecilichthys, 254
Poecilocephalus, s, 271
Pcecilodus, 266
Poecilophis. s, 272
Poecilops, 254
Poecilosoma, s, 245
Poecilurichthys, 281
Polemius, s, 282
Pollachius, 226
Polyacanthus, 173
Polycanthus, s, 200
Polycentrus, 239
Polymixia, 192
Polj'phractus, .y, 218
Polypterichthys, s, 252
Polyrhizodus, 239
Polyuranodon, s, 272
Pomanotis, 232
Pomaphractus, s, 224
Pomatomus. s, 173
Pomognathus, s, 245
Pompilus. 195
Porichthys, 258
Poroderma, 190
Porthmeus, s, 178
Prenes, d, 237
Prilonotus, s, 261
Priodontichthys, s, 175
Prionace, 242
Prionodes, 211
Prionodon, s, 192
Prionolepis. 245
Prionurus, 169
Priopis, 174
Pristeacanthus, 186
Pristicladodus, s, 266
Pristidurus, s, 194
Pristigenys, 181, 194
Pristophorus, 192
Pristipomoides, 250
Pristiurus, 208
Pristolepis, 239. 246
Pristotis, s, 184
Prochilus, d, 168
Promecocophalus, s, 262
Prometheus, s, 209
Propalasoniscus, d, 254
Propterus, 179
Proscinetes, 237
Prosopodasys, d, 241
Protomelus, s, 209
Protopterus, 196
Protosphyraena, 273
Prymnothonus, d, 223
Psammolepis, d, 217
Psammoperca, 223
Psammosteus, 225
Psenes, 178
Psetta. 203
Psettichthys, 257
Psettodes, 174
Pseudobagrus, 278
Pseudobarbus, 244
Pseudoblennius, 274
Pseiidochromis, 184
Pseudoclinus, s, 247
Pseudodoras, 278
Pseudophoxinus, 211
Pseudoplesiops, 278
Pseudosilurus, s, 279
Psilacanthus, 283
Psilocephalus, 205
Psilonotus, s, 205
Psilorhynchus, s, 195
Psilosomus. s, 198
Psittacodon, s, 214
Ptenichthys, s, 216
INDEX
XI
Pteraclis, 168
Pteragogus, 266
Pterapon, s, 179
Pteraspis, 232
Pterichthys Miller, s. 209
Pterichthys Sw., d, 201
Pterocephala, s, 204
Pteroidichthys, 267
Pteroleptus, s, 201
Pteronemus, s, 243
Pteronotus, s, 204
Pterophyllum, 207
Pteroplatea, 193
Pteropterus, s, 198, 201
Pterozygus, d, 183
Pterure, s, 268
Pterurus, s, 205
Pterycombus, 189
Pterygocephalus, d, 194
Pterygoplichthys, 281
Ptychacanthus, s, 186
Ptychocheilus, 262
Ptychodus, 194
Ptycholepis, 211
Ptychopleurus, d, 190
Ptychostomus, s, 261
Ptyctodus, 283
Ptyobranchus, s, 220
Pusichthys, s, 204
Pycnacanthus, d, 250
Pycnodus, 177
Pycnosterina, 243
Pygacanthus, 260
Pygaeus, 191
Pygidium, 182
Pygocentrus, 221
Pygopterus, 177
Pygopristis, 221
Pyrodon, s, 265
Pyrrhulina, 229
Rabdacanthus, 274
Rabdiolepis, d, 275
Rabdophorus, d, 198
Racoma, 212
Radamas, 229
Raj abatis, s, 183
Rama, 279
Ramphistoma, d, 203
Ranzania, 196
Raphiosaurus, 212
Raphistoma, d, 170
Rhabdolepis, 276
Rhachinotus, 242
Rhacochilus, 255
Rhacolepis, 208
Rhadamista, d, 235
Rhamdia, 278
Rhamphichthys, 243
Rhamphognathus, 219
Rhamphornimia, 275
Rhamphosus, 218
Rhinecanthus, s, 204
Rhinellus, d, 217
Rhineodon Smith, 174, 244
Rhinesomus, s, 204
Rhinichthys, 232
Rhinocephalus, d, 223
Rhinocryptis, s, 222
Rhinoptera, 173
Rhipidolepis, d, 224
Rhizodus, s, 207
Rhodeus, 180
Rhomboides, s, 171
Rhomboidichthys, s, 267
Rhonchus, s, 224
Rhynchobatis Philippi, s,
276
Rhynchobatis M. & H., 192
Rhynconcodes. s, 245
Rhynchorinus, d, 219
Rhynchotus, s, 263
Richardsonius, 270
Rita, 278
Rogenia, s, 231
Rohita, s, 210
Rohtee, 210
Ronchifex, s, 235
Rupiscartes, d, 202
Rupisuga, s, 206
Ruppellia, s, 202
Ruvettus, 178
Rytidolepis, d, 273
Saccobranchus, s, 206
Salar, s, 233
Salmoperca, s, 249
Salmophasia, 202
Salmostoma, Sj 198
Salvelini, 176
Salvelinus, 186
Sandroserrus, 251
Sarda, s, 259
Sardinella, 231
Sardiniodes, 283
Sardinius, 283
Sarginites, s, 245
Sargodon, 232
Sarotherodon, 251
Sarpa, d, 175
Saurichthys, 179
Saurida, 242
Sauridichthys, s, 278
Sauripteris, 214
Sauropsidium, 245
Saurorhamphus, 246
Saurorhynchus, 207
Saurostomus, 177
Scaphiodon, 211
Scaphirhynchus Heckel,
d, 185
Scaphirhynchus Miiller, d,
182
Scaphodus, 217
Scardinius, 187, 226
Scarodon, d, 223
Scartelaos, 202
Scarus, s, 240
Schediosteus, 273
Schilbeichthys, s, 279
Schilbeodes, 279
Schilus, 176
Schismatorhynchos, 264
Schistura, s, 195
Schizopyge, 215
Schizothorax, d, 192
Sciadeichthys, 278
Sciades, 243
Scisenoides, s, 247
Scisenurus Ag., s, 223
Sciaenurus Owen, d, 260
Sclerodus, 194
Sclerognathus, s, 219
Sclerolepis, s, 220
Scoliodon, 190
Scombrinus, 224
Scombrops, 227
Scopas, s, 175
Scorpsenichthys Blkr., s, 267
Scorpsenichthys Grd., 257
Scorpaenodes, 275
Scorpaenopsis, 189
Xll
THE GENERA OF FISHES, PART II
Scorpichthes, s, 226
Scrofaria, s, 235
Scropha, d, 235
Scrophicephalus, s, 198
Scylliodus, d, 214
Scymnorhinus, 225
Scytallurus, s, 268
Scytalophis, 271
Secutor, 235
Selachidea, d, 251
Selar, 248
Selaroides, 248
Selenaspis, 278
Selenia, 226
Semiophorus, 191
Seriolella, 238
Seriolichthys, s, 255
Seriphus, 255
Serranichthys, s, 264
Serrolepis, 251
Setipinna, 203
Siboma, 270
Sicarius, s, 272
Sicyases, 216
Sicyogaster, s, 228
Siderea. s, 271
Silonia, 203
Silundia, s, 206
Siluranodon, 279
Silurichthys, 278
Silus, s, 179
Siphonodus, 250
Siphonognathus, 276
Sirembo, 277
Skeponopodus, s, 179
Smecticus, s, 266
Smerdis, s, 177
Solegnathus, 205
Solenognathus, s, 268
Solenorhynchus, 259
Somileptes, s, 204
Soricidens, 212
Spaniodon, 247
Spanius, s, 236
Sparisoma, 199
Sparnodus, 191
Spathobatis. s, 244, 261
Sphaerodon, s, 194
Sphserodus. d, 184
Sphagodus, d, 194
Sphenacanthus, 186
Sphecephalus, 191
Sphenodus, d, 214
Sphenolepis, d, 218
Sphenonchus, s, 213
Sphoerodus, s. 177
Sphyra, s, 243
Sphyraenodus, 209, 219
Sphyrichthys, s, 173
Spinacanthus, 219
Spinacorhinus, s, 184
Spinax Bon., s, 225
Spinax Cuv. & Val., s, 175
Spirodus, 281
Spondyliosoma, 241
Spratella, 231
Spratelloides, 248
Spurco, s, 174
Squalius, s, 187
Squaloraia, 173
Squalraia, s, 183
Stagonolepis, d, 225
Steganodictyum, d, 249
Stegastes, 211
Stegophilus, 284
Stegostoma. 192
Stemmatodus, s, 270
Stenacanthus, s, 273
Stenodus, 185
Stenometopus, s, 263
Stenostoma, 246
Stereolepis. 277
Sterledus, s, 225
Sterleta, d, 168
Sterletus, d, 178
Stemarchorhynchus, 264
Sternopygus, 243
StethochEetus, s, 259
Stethopterus, d, 252
Stevardia, 281
Sthenopus, s, 240
Stigmatophora, 254
Stigmolepis. 273
Stilbe. s, 210
Stoasodon, s, 242
Stolephorus, 169
Stomianodon, s, 241
Stomocatus, s, 206
Strephon. s, 235
Strobilodus, s, 250
Stromateoides, s, 248
Strophidon, s, 220
Strophodus, s, 191
Strotes, 237
Sturio, s, 182
Sturisoma, 203
Styracodus, s, 242
Syacium, 207
Symphysodon, 207
Sympterygia, 193
Synanceja, 169
Synanchia, s, 201
Synancidium, s, 216
Synaptura, 241
Synechoglanis, s, 280
Synergus, s, 236
Syngnathoides, 248
Synophrys, d, 224
Sypterus, s, 208
Syrraxis. s, 208
Syrrhina, s, 192
Systomus, 195
Tjeniura, 189, 193
Taractes, 215
Tandanus, 196
Tarsichthys, d, 261
Telestes, 187
Tellia, 253
Temnistia, s, 186
Teratichthys, d, 172
Tetrabranchus, Sj 248
Tetradrachmum, d, 242
Tetragonolepis, s, 177
Tetraodon, 167
Tetrosomus, s, 204
Thaerodontis, s, 220
Thalassoklephtes, s, 235
Thalassoma, 199
Thalassorhinus, 192
Thalliums, 200
Tharsis, s, 233
Thaumas, d, 212
Thaumaturus, 222
Thectodus. s, 221
Thelodus Ag., 194
Tholodus Meyer, d, 229
Tholodus Schmid, 249
Thelolepis, s, 274
Thoracopterus, 279
INDEX
XIU
Threpterius, 247
Thrissonotus, 217
Thrissops, 177
Thrissopterus, s, 270
Thrycomycterus, s, 170
Thunnus, 227
Thyellina, d, 214
Thyestes, 256
Thynnus, s, 259
Thyrsoidea, s, 271
Thysanochilus, 276
Tiaroga, 270
Tigoma, 270
Tilapia. 244
Tilesia, s, 203
Tilurus, s, 254
Tinimogaster, s, 226
Tolypelepis, d, 273
Tometes, s, 242
Tomicodon, s, 228
Tomognathus, 246
Tor. 179
Toxophorus, d, 228
Toxopoma, 260
Trachelacanthus, 246
Trachelochismus, 228
Trachelyopterus, 206
Trachicephalus, s, 201
Trachoryster, 279
Trachurus Cuv. & Val., s,
259
Trachurus Gronow, s,
178
Trachydermus, d, 189
Trachyrhamphus, 253
Trematopsis, 196
Triacanthodes. 277
Triagnodon, 192
Triaenophorichthys, 280
Trisnophorus. s, 280
Triakis, 192
Trichoderma, s, 205
Trichomycterus, s, 230
Trichophasia, s, 197
Trichopleura, s, 282
Trichopterus, s, 259
Trichosoma, s, 203
Trichosomus, s, 197
Tridentiger, 280
Trigla, 167
Triglochis, 192
Triglops, 176
Triglopsis, 257
Trigonodon, 244
Triodus, s, 243
Triplopterus, 266
Tripterus, s, 239
Tristychius Ag., 186
Tristychius Portlock, s,
216
Triurus, s, 203
Trompe, s, 238
Tropidichthys, s, 256
Trulla. 282
Trygon, s, 172
Trygonoptera, 193
Trygonorhina, 192
Turseodus, 283
Tylodus, 232
Tylognathus, 211
Tylosurus, 178
Tympanomium, 196
Typhle. s, 170
Typodus, 283
Uaru, 207
Umbla, s, 261
Unipertura, s, 268
Undina, 180
Upeneichthys. 263
Upeneoides, 240
Uraleptus, s, 279
Uranidea, d, 210
Uraptera, 193
Uraspis, d, 264
Urichthys, s, 199
Uriphaeton. s, 198
Uroconger, d, 272
Urogymnus, 190
Urolepis, 274
Urolophus, 193
Uronemus, 217
Uropt-erygius, 184
Urosphen, 181, 218
Urosthenes, 233
Varicorhinus, 186
Variola, 198
Vastres, s, 229
Velasia, 249
Velifer, 247
Vogmarus, s, 244
Vomeropsis, 259
Wallago, 247
Wodnika, 216
Xenacanthus, s, 233
Xanthichthys, 274
Xenocephalus, 281
Xenodon, s, 184
Xenopterus, s, 263
Xiphasia, 201
Xiphichthys, s, 201
Xiphiurus, s, 244
Xiphochilus, 268
Xiphophorus, 238
Xiphopterus, 181
Xiphorhamphus, s, 221
Xiphorhynchus, s, 173
Xystophorus, s, 223
Zanclurus, s, 200
Zaniolepis, 275
Zebrasoma, 201
Zenaspis, s, 246
Zenodon, d, 204
Zeugopterus, 182
Zonichthys, d, 200
Zungaro, 278
Zygobatis, d, 184, 214
Zygonectes, 252
Zyphothyca, s, 200
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