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GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
JULY-DE0BMBEH, 1860.
7, o'l
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
HISTOKICAL EEVIEW.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, GEST.
M DCCC LX.
JXJLY TO DECEMBER inclusive.
BEING VOLUME IX. OP A NEW SEEIES.
AMD THE TWO-HUNDEED-ASD-NINTH 8IBCE THE COHHENCEHENT.
r ",-<»)
lOHDOH:
JOHN HBNBT akd JAMES PARKEB.
1860.
. Gl
FBINTXD BT MBSSB8. PABKBB, GOBNXIBKBT, OXFOBD.
PREFACE.
For the two hundred and ninth time it is the pleasant task of
Sylvanus Urban to address a few brief remarks to his friends on
the occasion of oflfering a new volume for their acceptance.
This volume he trusts will be found equal in interest to any of
its predecessors. Matters of great moment have been discussed
in it^ and, as he flatters himself, treated by competent pens. The
strange perversion of history in which a man of talent still con-
tinues to indulge, in a History of England, has called forth his
reprobation, and he has shewn what dangerous consequences may
ensue to historic truth if writers are to be allowed imquestioned
to cite only such documents or parts of docimients as suit their
**view" and ignore all the rest. He has called attention to Early
Irish History, as deserving study by those who would really
understand our English annals ; and he has given due considera-
tion to the Church History of Scotland, having fortunately found
the subject treated in a philosophical spirit by a minister of the
Kirk.
But though these are all wide subjects, he has by no means
confined himself to them. In describing the Lake-Dwellings of
Switzerland and other countries, he has gone back to the earliest
traces of European history ; he has touched on better-known
periods, in articles on the Inscribed and Sculptured Stones which
testify the Roman occupation of Britain, and on the Works of the
Romano-Gaulish Figurines ; the Medieval Houses of Gloucester-
shire have been treated by an accomplished antiquary, and much
new and curious matter elicited regarding them, which casts
a strong light on history as well as architecture ; and, with the
end that he ever keeps steadily in view, of linking together the
present and the past, he has treated on Ancient Armour and
Weapons, and on French Invtisions of the Isle of Wight — for he
sees in the one the rude germ of many of the most formidable in-
ventions of our own day, and in the other case he desires, without
being an alarmist, that we should profit by the lessons of the past.
VI PREFACE.
and as it appears to be a well-founded opinion that we may again
have to do battle for our ancient supremacy, his hope is that the
expenditure which all are now willing to make, may be wisely
directed.
Turning to another subject, which customarily engrosses his at-
tention, he has reported in ample detail the various meetings of
Antiquarian, Archax)logical and Architectural Societies. He is
already en rapport with the great majority of these associations,
and he thinks that it is no presumption to suggest to others who
have not as yet put themselves in communication with him, that
they would advance their own interests by at once doing so.
A very important part of the Gentleman's Magazine has ever
been its Correspondence. In this volume, as in so many preceding
ones, questions of much interest will be found discussed with tho
tone and temper suited to a periodical for the educated classes.
That such will continue to be the case for many, many years to
come, Sylvanus Urban can entertain no doubt, and he earnestly
invites the communications of all who have taste and learning and
candour to bring to the discussion of important points in History,
Architecture, Genealogy, Heraldry, or any of their multifarious
ramifications. The cordial response which long experience leads
him to anticipate to this invitation will afford another justification
for his time-honoured motto.
"-B PLURIBUS UNUM.
a
LIST OF ENGEAVING8.
Old Hebaxdry of the Percies : —
Seal of Hotspur, date between 1399 and 1403
Arms of Thomas, seventh Earl Percy
Bannerolle of Henry, fifth Earl, 1514
Pennoncelle of the same Earl .
The Crescent and Locket .
Standard of Henry, fiflh Earl
Standard of Henry Algernon, sixth Earl
Restoration of the Chapter-house, Westminster Abbey {plate)
Plan of Haddon Hall [and Queens' College, Cambridge]
Restoration of the Chapter-house, Westminster Abbey {second plat e)
Ancient Armour and Weapons : —
Early Hand-guns
Mounted Arquebusier, circa 1495
Double-barrelled Wheel-lock Pistol
Pikeman with Pike trailing
Targeteer ....
Arquebusier ....
M usque teer ....
Early form of the Bayonet, circa 1680
Medietal Houses or Gloucestershire : —
Chapel in the Deanery, circa 1120 •
Crypt, or Vaulted Chamber, under the Fleece Inn, 1160
Norman House at Horton, c. 1180
The Black Friars at Gloucester
Partition of the Cells in the Dormitory, c. 1260
Dormitory and end Window of the Refectory, c. 1260 .
The Tanners' Hall, c, 1300
Remains of Gatehouse at Yate, c. 1320
The Chapel, Berkeley Castle, 1360; with the Oriel, 1460
Beverstone Castle, Plan of Upper Story of Tower
Wanswell Court, Gloucestershire ....
Page
18
ib,
ib.
ib.
25
26
27
33
54
109
225
226
ib,
228
ib.
230
ib,
232
337
ib.
338
339
340
341
342
343
345
346
348
VUl
LIST OF ENGRAMNGS.
Fagc
Look-out from the Lord's Parlour 349
Barge-board at Gloucester 351
Plan of the Celtic Fortress of Roquefort 357
Fort of Cabarra attributed to Charlemagne ih.
Plan of the Castle of Puynormand ....... 359
Hen-Bias, Beaumaris {plate) ....... 495
Tomb in Beaumaris Church {plate) ..... 495
Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour {plate) .571
Ancient Lake-Dwellings : —
Flint Saw and Arrow-heads .586
Bronze Knife, from Concise, Lake of Neuch&tel. .588
Lake Village. From Keller 589
Upper part of Sword, and Sheath, from Moringen, Lake of Bienne 591
Back part of Sword, from Moringen ...... t5.
Scabbard-point, from Lake of Neuchatel . ih.
Pottery from Wangen, Lake of Constance . . .592
Ornamental Pottery, from Lake of Bienne . . ib>
Pottery from Auvernier, Lake of Neuchatel .... ih.
ROMANO-GAULISn FlGUKINES : —
Perspective View of the Roman Kilns discovered near Moulins . 604
Figure of Venus ......... 605
Figure of Minerva ......... t6.
Effigy of the Goddess Fecundity 606
Bust and Money-box 607
View of St. Michael's Chapel at Torr, near Torquay 628
Ground-plan of the Chapel 629
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
AND
HISTORICAL REYIEW.
JULY, 1860.
CONTENTS.
FAG>
MINOR CORBESPON1>ENCE.^Aroksologieal Institote of Great Britain and Ireland—
BHtiflh AiohsBologioal Aaaodation— Kent Aroheologioal Society— Heraldie Qnery 2
Fronde'iHiftoryofEngland—Edvrardyi. andMary 3
The Armoury of Mahmoud II 10
Th0 DUrjof Qeneral Pfctrick Gordon 11
The CMd Heraldfy of the Pereses 18
Dngdftle'sVimtation of Yorkshire 28
CHeaniBgfl from Westminster Abbey 83
The Volonteer Keview 40
AKTIQUABIAN ANB LITERARY INTELUGENCER.— Society of AntiqnariM 42
Arohitectoral Congress at Cambridge ^
The GkMsten Hall, WOTcester 64
CORRESPONDENCE OF STLYANUS URBAN.— Wayboume Chorefa, Norfolk; the Ar-
rangements of Monastic Parish Churches, 66; Steeton Hall, Sherbom-in-Elmet,
Yorkshire ~ 78
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REYIEWS. — Edvards's Concise History of
Sn^land, 78; Morris's A Hooee for the Suburbs, 79; Burrows's Pass and Class,
ftl ; SennoBS -.« 82
BIRTHS 83
MARRIAGES ^ 84
OBITUARY— Field Marshal the Earl of Strafford, aC.B., O.C.H., 88 ; Lord Beytesbury, 90 ;
General Sir H. E. Bnnbory, Bart., 91 ; Rer. James Hamilton, 98 ; Mr. Goddard
Johnson, 94; Mr. Albert Smith 9Q
CLERGY DECEASED g7
DEATHS AKBANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER g7
Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births in the Metropolis— Markets, 107;
Meteorotogieal Diary— Daily Price of Stocks jQg
By STLVANUS UEBAN, Gent.
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
ARCH^OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OP
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
The Annual Meeting o£ the Institute^
for the year 1860 will be held at Glou-
cester, commencing Tuesdays, July 17.
The cathedral presents a remarkable ex-
emplification of the architectural styles of
various periods ; and the remains of cer-
tain minor conventual establishments, to-
gether with the parochial churches, offer
other objects of attraction. The pic-
turesque ruins of Llanthony Abbey are at
a short distance from the city ; the neigh-
bouring district is replete with vestiges
of the early British and Roman periods,
camps, villas, mosaic pavements, &c,; as
Cirencester, its Roman remains, and the
museum recently established by the Earl
Bathurst ; the fine church, painted glass,
&c.; Fairford church; the abbey church
of Tewkesbury ; the remarkable churches
of Deerhurst, Bredon, &c. ; the important
examples of military and domestic archi-
tecture, the castles at Berkeley, Thorn-
bury, Sudeley, Goodrich (to be visited by
special invitation), and St.Briavels; the
interesting vestiges of early iron- workings
in the Forest of Dean, &c. Professor
Willis has promised to give a discourse on
the Architectural History of Gloucester
Cathedral. The temporary Museum of
Antiquities and Works of Art, to be formed,
by sanction of the cathedral authorities, in
the college school, will be one of more than
ordinary interest. Any information which
may be desired will be given, in Glou-
cester, by the Local Committee and the
Worshipful the Mayor, their Chairman.
Letters should be addressed to the Secre-
tary, the Rev. C. Y. Crawley.
The admission to the proceedings of
the week will be by tickets only, as on
former occasions.. Tickets for gentlemen
(not transferable) one guinea; for ladies
(transferable) half-a-guinea.
BRITISH ARCH^OLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION.
Thb seventeenth Annual Meeting will
be held at Shrewsbury. Aug. 6th to 11th
inclusive, under the presidency of Bbbiah
BoTPiELD, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.
The proceedings will comprise vi&ts to
the Abbey Church and St. Mary's, Shrews-
bury, &c. — Bculdwas Abbey, Wenlock, and
PHory, Acton Bumell— Shi£fhal Church,
Tong Church, White Ladies, Boscobel,
Royal Oak, Lilleshall Abbey—the Roman
Lead Mines at Shelve, and Roman Villa
at Linley — Ludlow Castle, Church, Ac,
Stokesay Castle^ Battlefield and Church,
Haughmond Abbey and Hill, Camp on
Ebury Hill, Wroxeter; the Excavations
on the site of Uriconium, &c» — together
with evening meetings for cUscussion.
The churches, buildings, &&, will be
commented on by C. E. Davis, Esq.,
F.S.A.; George Godwin, Esq., F.R.Sa
F.S.A. ; Edward Roberts, Esq. Monu-
mental Effigies by J. R. Fllmch^, Esq.
The earthworks, encampments, Ac, by
the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, George Vere
Irving, Esq., &c.
Tickets of admission, one guinea each,
for the entire Congress,, admitting a lady
and gentleman (or ladies' ticket, at half-
a-guinea), may be obtained of the Com«
mittee or of the Hon. Secretaries.
KENT ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The third Annual Meeting will be held
at Dover, Aug. 1 and 2, under the presi-
dency of the Mabqitess Cakdbk. Mem-
bers of the Soci^t^ Fran^ais d'Archtologie
have been invited to attend, and the Kent
Society will in return be cepresented at
the Congr^ Arch^logique at Dunkirk,
on Aug. 16.
HERALDIC QUERY.
Mb.Ubbai7,— In Eastham Church, Wor-
cestershire, are preserved four medallions
from the old Norman building. One con-
tains a sagittary, (the badge of King Ste-
phen) ; a second a leopard ; a third two
leopards couchant ; and a fourth the Pea-
chd Lamb of the Templars, with this in-
scription,—
tb-
OBDiiri MB POBlff.
Will one of your readers expound the
riddle ? — Yours, &c.
Mackbnzib Wjllcott, M.A.
Otoinff-to the length at which we have
found it necessary to report the proceedimge
of the Cambridge Architectural Congreett
many Letters, Metnews, and Ohitwtrise,
already in type, have been unavoidably
postponed.
THE
AND
HISTORICAL REYIEW.
FKOUDE'S HISTOKY OF ENGLAND— EDWARD VI.
AND MARY^
We own to a considerable disappointment with regard to these volumes.
We of course bore in mind the general character of the earlier part of the
work, and therefore did not look for either true history, just appreciation
of men, or generous sentiment ; but we thought that we might at all events
have vehement declamation, glowing " word-pictures," and touches of ro-
mance ; some new idol, and a crowd of meaner men '* crushed" to answer
the " necessities" of his system of policy and morals. We find the matter
altogether otherwise, and these two volumes are really very dull afiairs.
Of course they are not history ; nobody could expect that ; but they might
be a prejudiced, glowing, showy romance, and as they treat of the same
period, they might be formidable rivals to " The Tower of London." We
have, it is true, quite enough about King Guildford Dudley, Renard the
ambassador, and the Hot Gospeller, but Mr. Froude's pictures of these
notabilities are certainly not to be preferred to Mr. Ainsworth's. Perhaps
he at last gave up the contest in despair, and thus it is that he has not
placed on his canvas Xit and the giant yeomen of the guard.
Seriously, however, there is a very marked inferiority in these volumes
as compared with their predecessors. Almost the only resemblance to be
found is that the old quarrel with Cardinal Pole is kept up, and that
charges almost ludicrously opposed to his known character are made ; but
of the rest of the actors in a roost eventful time the sketches are so dull
and lifeless that we cannot believe we have the work as the author wrote
it. It is hard to conceive how a writer who gave such vivid, though
unjust, pictures of Wolsey and Warham, Fisher and More, Cromwell and
Norfolk, could content himself with such feeble sketches as he now pre-
sents. Somerset is, according to him, well-meaning, but almost imbecile ;
» "History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth. By
James Anthony Fronde, M.A., late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford." (London :
John W. Parker and Son.)
Gkht. Mag. Vol. CCIX. b
4 Froud^s History of England — [July,
the Admiral Seymour a mere melodramatic ruffian; Northumberland is
but half a villain ; Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, Hooper, have so little indi-
viduality that they might almost as well not be mentioned ; and King
Edward's existence is barely hinted at. Then, stepping into the next
reign, we are completely amazed at the amiable pictures of Gardiner, Bon-
ner, and Queen Mary. We are convinced that these have been supplied
by another hand, and that the original ugly traits have been transferred
en masse to Mr. Froude's pet abhorrence. Cardinal Pole.
In former notices of this work we remarked that the author had alto*
gether mistaken his calling — though he could never be a trustworthy his-
torian, he might be a passable novelist — and we venture to think so still,
notwithstanding the dull aspect of these volumes seems fatal to our view.
But we take it that the matter may fairly be explained in a way which
must be very gratifying to Mr. Froude, as he is, to our thinking, a living
sacrifice to his worship of his idol, Henry VHI., and that is a thing that
he must be the last man in the world to object to.
The fact of the matter may, we apprehend, be thus stated. If Mr.
Froude had chosen to appear only as the biographer of Henry VIII.
instead of professing to write history, not much harm would have been
done. Great allowances are alwavs to be made for the eccentricities of
genius, and he might have indulged his strange fancy of deifying the
Defender of the Faith to his heart's content. The whole affair would have
been put down to the score of hero-worship ; and though most people
would have thought the choice a strange one, yet, taking the volumes as
n mere literary exercise, the work of one who, like Dean Milner with Bishop
Watson, was quite ready to " change sides and argue it over again," they
would have given him credit for the skill with which he sustained the part
of " devil's advocate" to the great Tudor. But unluckily, with that per-
versity which usually attends ** clever unwise men," he chose to call his
production " History," and this made the matter serious. People who
would not have quarrelled with " facts," fancies, or language in a professed
romance, could not quietly see them presented as " the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth," and in consequence such a crowd of
objectors arose on the appearance of the first instalment, that the publisher
at least saw the "necessity" (a favourite word with Mr. Froude) of the
services of a judicious reviser. When the next two volumes came out, we
accordingly found occasion to remark on the improved tone of language ^,
though it was evident enough that the spirit was just the same. Now,
however, "necessity" has been pushed considerably farther, and the judi-
cious reviser has expanded into the merciless censor, who, except with
regard to Cardinal Pole (a compromise probably), has cut out all the
" strong language," all the " fine writing," all the " pictures in a magic
^ Gent. Mag , May, 1858, p. 481.
I860.] Edward VL and Mary. 5
slide," and has converted a passable romance into a dull affair, which floats
between history and novel, but with little resemblance to really good speci-
mens of either. Yet with all his pains he has not been able quite to spoil
it, for in the scene of the legate absolving the realm (vol. vi. pp. 275—290)
the author triumphs over him, and is both picturesque and impressive ; it
is the very best pcut of the book.
It may, we are aware, be urged that Mr. Froude has but two idols, Henry
and Elizabeth, and having lost the one, he is in such a hurry to reach the
other, that he is altogether careless how he gets over the intervening
period ; and so, like an author of older date, *' when he is particularly dull,
he has a very good reason for it." This may be the case ; but whether it
is or not, whether he purposely gives us a parallel to the miracle, of
" Two dull lines by Stanhope's pencil writ,''
in the portentous form of two dull volumes, or whether his censor has re-
duced the vehement, one-sided, grotesque original to its present condition,
certain it is, that they shew very poorly beside their predecessors, and may
expect such a reception from the pubhc as Shakespeare describes, where
feeble Richard follows the haughty Bolingbroke : —
" Ab in a theatre the eyes of men.
After a well-graced actor leaves the stagey
Are idly bent on him who enters next.
Thinking his prattle to be tedious."
This is to be regretted, as it may perhaps deprive us of the pleasure of
contemplating the Virgin Queen as drawn by Mr. Froude. We have bio-
graphies enough of her already, we allow, but no doubt her panegyrist
would be so much inspired by his theme that he would not make her reign
quite so dull as he has contrived to render those of Edward and Mary.
But though our author has abandoned all the redeeming traits of his
Henrietde, he steadily adheres to his original plan of telling but one half
of the truth that he finds in the Record Office. He is as profuse as ever
in his citations of statutes, and state papers, and Council Books, and am-
bassadors* despatches, but, as we shall shew in some little detail, he notices
only what suits him. He still indulges in the same flippant, offhand dealing
with the unfortunate, still displays the same low pohtical molality, and
(though he is evidently under curb there) still retains the same hatred
of the state ecclesiastic ; indeed, *' commissioned and authoritative teachers
of truth " he very naturally holds in abhorrence (vol. vi. p. 382).
To those who have read the former volumes of this work it will hardly
be necessary to say that no connected chain of history, even in Mr. Froude s
view of it, is to be looked for. Uis plan is to give an epigrammatic head-
ing, as "The Protectorate," or "The Martyrs," and then to hurry his
reader backward and forward, from England to Scotland, from Scotland to
France, from France to Germany, from Germany to Italy, and back again
6 Froude^ 8 History of England — U^Jf
to England, very few of the events standing in order of date, and fewer
still in any relation of cause and effect. Thus the work is all but unintel-
ligible to those who have not read complete and trustworthy histories, and
to those who have it is clearly superfluous. This " Don Juan mode of
arrangement" (a term that the late Sir William Napier once bestowed on
a much better work than the present) quite precludes our attempting to
follow Mr. Proude's resume of materials never before published — " statutes
and state papers misinterpreted through natural prejudice and imperfect
knowledge, and manuscripts fast perishing of decay ;" but before we con-
clude we shall point out a few of the things that he must have seen there,
but which he has uncandidly passed over in silence.
As a clue to the general treatment of his subject it will be enough to say
that Cecil and Paget, being as little troubled with a conscience as Henry
or Cromwell, are of course favourites with our author; and, equally of
course, the monastics restored by Mary are reviled. The monks of Glas-
tonbury " crawled back " to their ruined house ; the monks of Westmin-
ster " did not do credit" to their restoration, for they seized the funeral
trappings of Anne of Cleves much as in later times the canons of Wind-
sor claimed the Duke of York's jewelled baton of field-marshal. The
" party of the movement," formerly praised, are now at a discount, and
Gardiner and Bonner are actually human, a piece of good-nature for which
one unfortunate who dared to oppose the great Henry is made to pay.
It will, we imagine, be a surprise to most readers to learn that Cardinal
Pole was in reality the life and soul of the Marian persecution. He, it
seems, who was half suspected of Protestantism, goaded on the bishops ;
he overruled the merciful Philip and his exemplary Spanish confessor ; he
alone caused Mary to acquire her odious appellation. With a refinement
of barbarity he entrapped Cranmer into submission, and then murdered
him. He was throughout his stay in England the active living principle
of persecution ; it did not commence before he arrived, and it ceased on
his death — what therefore can be more clear than that he was the sole
cause of it ? It is really pitiable to see a man who, in the face of plain
evidence, can make such charges.
It is only fair to remark that Mr. Froude is in a very amiable temper
with everybody but Pole. Bonner and Gardiner are, strange to say, almost
civilly treated ; Uvedale, who bargained to betray the Isle of Wight to the
French, Thomas, who proposed the assassination of Mary, and Nicho-
las Throckmorton, who attempted to seize the Tower, are very lightly
passed over. Throckmorton is allowed to have been guilty, but not a
word is said of the Statute of Attaint (11 Henry VII. c. 24), by which the
fining of the jury for their untrue verdict is to be justified.
Probably as Titus left one of the towers of Jerusalem standing to shew
what had been the strength of those that he had thrown down, the reviser
ha* preserved a few passages as a hint of what the work originally was.
I860.] Edward FL and Mary, 7
The following description of that first-rate sport, hanging a priest, is in
Mr. Fronde's very best style, and we are really glad that it is preserved to
us. The time is just after the siege of Exeter by the Cornish insurgents
in 1549 :—
" An execution at Exeter is more authentic and more characteristic of this time.
Prominent inthe rebel army was Welsh, the Vicar of St. Thomas's ; a parish through
which the rulroad passes by the river-side in front of the town. A worthy parish
priest of the old type, Welsh was at once a good believing Catholic, a stout wrestler
and cudgel -player, a famous shot with bow, crossbow, and handgun — ' a good woodman
and a hardy,' who had brought down in his day many a noble buck in the glens of
Haldon, and levelled, it is likely, many a ranger from Powderham with his quarter -
staff; ' such a one as would not give his head for the polling, nor his beard for the
washing;' and withal 'very courteous and gentle of demeanour, and of honest
parentage.'
*' This man for his sins had been a great hater of the Prayer-book, and a special doer
in the siege. He had saved life more than once, but he had also taken life. ' One
Kingsmill, a tanner of Chagford,' was taken by the rebels with a letter from the mayor
to Lord Russell, and brought before him for judgment. The vicar laboured in his
priestly calling to make his prisoner a rebel, and not succeeding, had hanged him on
an elm-tree outside the west gate of the city. And now his own time was come. ' It
was pity of him,' men thought, for he had fine g^s and a fiufi nature ; but there was
no help for it ; Kingsmill's death lay at his door ; a court-martial found it there ; and
he accepted his fate like a gentleman. A beam was run out from St. Thomas's Church
tower, from which they swung him off into the air; and there Hooker saw him hang-
ing in chains in ' his popish apparel,' * a holy-water bucket and sprinklers, a sacring
bell, and a pair of beads' dangled about his body ; and there he hung till the clothes
rotted away, and the carrion crows had pecked him into a skeleton ; and down below
in St. Thomas's Church order reigned, and a new vicar read the English liturgy." —
(Vol. V. pp. 200, 201.)
In the same excellent taste is Gardiner disposed of :^
" There was something in Gardiner's character which was not wholly execrable. For
tlurty years he worked unweariedly in the service of the public ; his judgment as a
member of council was generally excellent ; and Somerset, had he listened to his re-
monstrances, might have saved both his life and credit. He was vindictive, ruthless
treacherous, but his courage was indomitable. He resisted Cromwell till it became a
question which of the two should die, and the lot was as likely to have fallen to him as
to his rivaL He would have murdered Elizabeth with the forms of law or without, but
Elizabeth was the hope of all that he most detested. He was no dreamer, no high-
flown enthusiast, but he was a man of clear eye and hard heart, who had a purpose in
his life which he pursued with unflagging energy. Living as he did in revolutionary
times, his hand was never slow to strike when an enemy was in his power ; yet in
general when Gardiner struck, he stooped, like the eagle, at the nobler game, leaving
the linen-drapers and apprentices to ' the mousing owls.' His demerits were vast, his
merits were small, yet something.
" * Well, well,' as some one said, winding up his epitaph, * Mortuvs est^ et sepultus
est, et descendit ad inferos ; let us say no more about him.' " — (Vol. vi. pp. 395, 396.)
The following extract naay interest the Scottish Professor who has
recently so eloquently defended the patriotic men who ** executed justice"
on Cardinal Beaton*' ; he may learn what they were paid for it : —
« Gent. Mao., June, 1860, p. 612.
8 ' ' Froude^s History of England — [July,
" * The late king having resolved, for various considerations, not only to give certain
pensions to divers nohlemcn and others which keep and defend the Castle of St. An-
drews for his Majesty's service and for the advancement of the marriage, but also at bis
own cost and charge to entertain a hundred and twenty men for the more sure defence
of the said castle against the King's Majesty's enemies in Scotland ;' in consequence
the privy council resolved 'that 11892. Via. M, should be paid to Sir Henry Balnavis
for the affairs of Scotland, that is to say, for the wages of eighty men within the Castle
of St. Andrews at Qd, by the day for six months, the sum of 336/. sterling. For the
wages of forty horse at %d. the day, appointed to keep abroad for the more surety of the
said castle, for six months, 224/. For the amity of the Master of Kothes, for one half
year ending at Michaelmas last past, 125/. For the like to the Laird of Grange, 100^.
For the like to David Moneypenny, 50/. For the like to Mr. Henry Balnavis, of Hal-
hill, 62/. IQs. For the like to John Leslie, of Parkhill, 62/. lOtf. James Leslie, of Ab-
dour, 50/. W. Kircaldy, son to the Laird of Grange, 50/., which sums make, on the
whole, 1060/.; and on the exchange 1189/. 17*. 3c/.' — Primf Council Records, Feb. 6,
MS. Edward VI."— (Vol. v. pp. 30, 31 (note).
After the citation of this little account we will conclude our notice with
a glance at some of the authorities that Mr. Froude has used only as far
as they suited him.
Let us take the Council-book of Mary. It is certainly known to our
author, for he cites from it the committal of Latimer to the Tower, but he
does not tell us, though it is all one entry, that the old man was allowed
the attendance of his servant, named Ansly, a fact not unimportant in
judging whether his treatment was needlessly harsh. He also tells of the
imprisonment of Lady Jane Grey, the Dudleys and Cranmer, but he says
not a word of the entry of Dec. 17, 1553, which concedes to them the
unusual indulgence of walking in the garden, ** as divers be and have been
evil at ease in their bodies for want of air.** He also teUs us of Carew*s
treason and escape, but he makes no mention of the order of Sept. 22,
1554, in favour of his wife, who is thereby permitted to write to him when
she pleases, *' and for this one time only relieve him with her goods,"
and the permission is granted avowedly because the queen considered that
in asking for this she had only acted the part of a " good and loving wife**.'*
"What a contrast do these matters present to the conduct of Henry to
his opponents, and how can Mr. Froude excuse passing them over ? For
Latimer with his servant in attendance, Cranmer taking healthful exercise
in the garden, and Sir Peter Carew living in safety on his wife's property,
and she commended for supplying him, we have More, and Fisher, and
Lord Thomas Fitzgerald suffering the extremity of poverty®, and the
d See Annals of England, vol. ii. pp. 230, 233, 236.
" See State Papers, Heury VIII., vol. ii. p. 402. This is a letter in which Silken
Thomas prays the loan of £20 from O'Brien, prince of Tlioniond, w ith whom ho had
lefi his plate, " to buy clothes, and amend his slender commons and fare, and f r other
necciwaries." He states that he has gone bare-foot and bare-legged many i in.es, and
should do so still, " but that poor prisoners of their gentleness have sometimes given
hhn old huse, and shoes, and bhirts."
I860.] Edward VI. and Mary, 9 "
Countess of Salisliury, after a long imprisonment, put to death for corre-
Bponding with her own son.
If we take the Statute-book the case is just the same. The enactmenta
of Mary are represented as all barbarous, which is not the fact, and even
if it were, meDtion should be made of the grounds for some of them. Mr,
Proude says nothiog of the "praying for the queen's death," which is
given as the reason of passing the statute I Philip and Mary, c. 9 ; he has
not a good word for Mary's statute which swept away tlie new-made
treasons, prtemunirea, and felonies of the two preceding reigns (1 Mary, c.
1); nor for that which cnndemned their mode of proceeding by attainder
instead of by trial (1 Fhilip and Mary, c. 10). He will not point out that
the act against unhwful assemblies (1 Mary, c. 12) is far less rigorous
than the parallel statute of 1549 (3 and 4 Edward YI., c. 5) ; he takes no
notice of the appointment of commissioners to rEStore~"and re-edify castles
and towns in the northern counties (2 and 3 Philip and Mary, c. 1), nor of
a kind of Poor Law Board, to hold its meetings at Christ's Hospital, for
systematic relief of the poor, established in the same session of Parliament
(c. 5) ; and thouffb he esteemed trade of great consequence under Henry
VIII. he cannot spare a line to mention the fact of intercourse with Russia
originating in the time of Mary.
He is, as we have said, willing to allow some good qualities to the queen,
as he thereby makes Pole the more detestable for corrupting her. Here
again we have the old fault of telling only half the truth, and with this
we shall conclude. He confesses that as princess she was " personally
popular ;" that when she came to the throne she " pre.'erred honour
to convenience ;" and that as fast as money came into the treasury she
paid her father's and her brother's debts. She " determined to spare
Jane,'' was with difficulty persuaded to do justice on Northumberland, and,
but for the interposition of about the last person in the world that we
should have suspected, she would never have been a persecutor. But why
did not Mr. Froude glance over her Privy Purse Accounts, which would
supply many striking instances of piety and charity ; and still more, why
does he pass over her will without mention ? He notices only a dying
request *' that her debts might he paid, and that ' religion' should not be
changed." It cannot be that he is ignorant of the existence of her will,
which is dated the 30th of March, 1558, and abounds in autobiographic
touches that ought not to be passed over by the delineator of her character.
Possibly the reason for his silence is that there is one passage which
to common apprehensions would clash with his pictures of the sister queens.
Among other things, Mary bequeaths 400 marks a-year for the founda-
tion of an hospital for old and maimed soldiers, " the which we think both
honour, conscience, and charity willeth should be provided for ^" Such was
' See AnnalB at England, voL il p. 221.
10
Froude's History of England.
[July,
not the opinion of Elizabeth, who confiscated the bequest, as she also
resumed the first fruits and tenths. If in a future volume Mr. Froude
should think it worth while to mention this little matter, no doubt he will
prove that she was quite right in not imitating Mary, who "preferred
honour to convenience ;" his pattern " statesmen" would certainly say so.
Many of the omissions of Mr. Froude are, as we have already said,
such as we can easily account for — they would not square with his theories
— but there is one omission that certainly surprises us. We have recently
shewn that documentary evidence exists of the punctual payment of the
expelled monastics s, and why he has not produced this really valuable
testimony for his idol we cannot conceive. Is it possible that these records
are unknown to the indefatigable new Historian of the Reformation ?
THE ARMOURY OP MAHMOUD II.
Fbom the recently issued " Official Ca-
talogue of the Tower Armories" we learn
that near thirty pieces of armour and horse
furniture, generally of a splendid descrip-
tion, now found therein, originally formed
part of the contents of the Imperial Ar-
senal at Constantinople. The tale of their
acquisition is a singular one :—
"We are enabled, through the kindnees of the
Hon. Robert Curxon, to whose exertions it ia
owing that theae carious monuments have
reached England, to offer a sketch of their his*
tory, itom the time they quitted the ancient
Armory of Mahmoud the Second to the period of
their deposit in the muaenms of Western Europe.
* When the present Sultan, Abdul Medjid,' writes
Mr. Cur son, * came to the throne, he was intro-
duced, according to ancient custom, to the ra-
rious palaces, public buildings, and treasuries of
his predecessors. He first went to the mosque
of Ayoub, where the ceremony of girding him
with the sword of Osiuan (analogous to our coro-
nation) was performed. The original khan^ar
of the Saltan Osman. for it was not a sword, was
considered as the talisman of the Osmanli power,
but this weapon had been lost by the late Sultan
Mahmoud when he went on board a ship in the
Bosphorus, fulfilling an ancient prophecy, which
warned the sultans against any attempts at naval
power. So the present saltan was girded with
some other sword. On this occasion he found a
larKe corer of faded silk thrown over the tomb
of Ayoub. This he ordered to be cast aside and
replaced by new Cashmere shawls. It was the
victorious standard of Mahomed II., which that
sultan had himself laid over the tomb. This
flag, after several adventures, has found a rest-
ing-place in the Royal Armory at Turin. From
the mosque of Ayoub, the new sultan went to
Bt. Sofia and the Seraglio. Here the first build-
ing he entered was the andcnt church of Sc.
Irene, which had been converted into an armory
by Mahomed II., who filled it with his own ar-
mour, that of former sultans, and the spoils of
the Christian defenders of Constantinople. All
this collection the new sultan ordered to be
cleared away, and the walls new whitewaahed,
which was done accordingly. The inferior authori-
ties, however, preserved the swords of Abu Bekir,
apd the arms and armour of several famous per^
socages, as well as some pieces of armour thai
were covered with gold and richly ornamented.
The plague was then raging at Constantinople,
and a Genoese vessel, fearing to lade an infec-
tious cargo, bought as much of this armour, at
the price of old iron, as could be stowed away in
her hold. On arriving at Genoa it was shovMled
out upon the quay : nobody bought it, and great
part was carried away by ihe boys for playthings,
and many old helmets were used by poor people
as kettles or cooking vessels. The remainder,
much damaged by the salt water, rain, and
breakage, was at length purchased by a Genoese
gentleman, in whose hands I found it. I bought
as much as he would then sell, but subsequently
he became wearied with ineffectual attempts to
arrange the suits with historical propriety, and
disposed of much mure of the collection. Some
was purchased by persons at Milan, other por-
tions found buyers in other parts of Italy, and
the remainder was brought to England. I pre-
sume that most of this armour is of the be-
ginning of the fifteenth century, but some of it
is of the fourteenth, and some of the sixteenth
century. The mark found on many of the pieces
means Allah, the name of God in Cuflc, but I
have no knowledge whatever as to where the
armour was made. This mark occurs boUi on
Oriental and Christian armour, so that poasiblj
it may have been added to the trophies of the
victories of the sultans. As there was constant
intercourse between the Christians and Maho-
metans in the fourteenth and fifteenth ocnturies,
these suits of armour may have been made at
Damascus, Brusa, Iconium, or at Kara Dagh,
which is still famous for the fine blades of the
Circassian camas (a lu*ge kind of dagger) and
other arms used in Perda and on the uiores of
the Caspian Sea."
' Gent. Mag., June, 1860, p. 566.
1
I860.] 11
THE DIARY OF GENERAL PATRICK GORDON «».
Gbnbral Patrick Gordon was one of those Scottish adventurers of
whom so many sought their fortunes on the Continent in the seventeenth
century, and who in several instances achieved by their military prowess
an enduring reputation. His adventures have been already made known
to English readera by articles in the "Quarterly Review" for March,
1852, and the " Edinburgh Review" for July, 1856. The former of those
papers was from the lively and accomplished pen of the late Earl of
Ellesmere, and it was published ia the avowed hope that it might *' in-
duce one of the Scotch clubs, or two or three of them m friendly alli-
ance, to imdertake an edition of selections from the original text." This
suggestion has been well responded to- by the- Spalding Club, and the
expense liberaUy defrayed at the cost of Mr. Beriah Botfield. The Presi-
dent of the Club, the Earl of Aberdeen, then First Lord of the Treasury,
made applicatbn to the Court of St. Petersburg for a transcript of all the
passages of General (xordon*s Diary which related to> his native country,
and the request was promptly granted.
The entire Diary was very voluminous. Six thick quarto volumes are
preserved; but others are lost which contained the years between 1667
and 1677, and between 1678 and 1684. Early in the last century it was
in part translated into the Russian language, and entirely into German ;
but its publication (in- the latter language), was never accomplished before
1853. It had, however, previously furnished valuable materials for several
important works. Professor Baier drew from it his relations of the
Muscovite campaigns against the Crim Tartars in 1688-89, and of the
siege and capture of Asof in 1696 ;. and so many as six books built upon
its foundations appeared in Russia between 1766. and 1834.. The German
edition, commenced by Pnnce Obolenski, and completed by Dr. Posselt,
bears date from 1849 to 1853.
The present volume combines with those passages of the original which
relate to the auihor^s native country or countrymen,, an abstract of the rest
of the Diary, with occasional quotations from some of the more remarkable
passages of his personal history, and those in which the writer notices the
beginnings of his intimacy with Peter the Great, — altogether giving a very
perfect view of the whole narrative. The diarist begins from his birth ;
but, judging from a change in style, it is supposed that the task was actually
commenced when he had completed his twenty-eighth year, — the pre-
ceding portion being written from memory, and that which follows as
events occurred.
* " Passages from the Diary of Qeneral Patrick Gordon of Auchleuchrics, a.d. 1635
—1699." (Presented to the Spalding Club by Beriah Botfield, of Norton HalL) 4to.
1859.
Geht. Mio. Vol. CCIX. c 2
12
The Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
[July,
Patrick Gordon was bom in 1685, at
Aadileucbries, in the sliire of Aberdeen.
HiB fatber, though no laird, and bat what
wonld have been called a yeoman in Eng-
land, was wen descended; he was the
third son of James Gordon of Methlic and
Haddo, from whom the first Earl of Aber-
deen^ was fifth in descent; and Pktrick
lived to see that dignity conferred upon bis
consin in 1682. The small estate of Aucb-
lenehries (worth only some 80^. sterling
a>-year, and tlut overwhelmed by wadsets,
or mortgages^) was the inheritance of the
General's mother, Mary Ogilvie, through
whom he could claim relationship to the
noble house of Deskford and Findlater.
From that side he had his nurture in the
Roman Catholic faith.
He had received an imperfect education
in some of the parochial schools of his
native country, and was prevented by his
creed from going to a Scotish university,
when at sixteen he expressed his desire to
seek his fortune abroad, and his family
were'reactily persuaded to consent. There
was both military and commercial employ-
ment to be found on the Continent, of
which the natives of Scotland had very
largely availed themselves. But it does
not a{^)ear that Gordon's views were at
first directed to either of these resources.
His education was scarcely finished, and
by the advice of a countryman named
Robert Blackhall,'a canon of Frauensberg
in Prussia, he went to the Jesuits' college
at Braunsberg, in the same country.
But he there discovered that " his hu-
mour could not endure such a still and
strict way of living;" whereupon he took
his departure *, and wandered forth very
^ Sir George Gordon of Haddo, afterwardB the
first Earl of Aberdeen, was bom in 1637. It
aeemi extraordinary that he should stand in the
family pedigree two whole generations below his
cousin, the subject of this article.
• It does not appear how long Gordon stayed
with the Jesuits. It was from 1651 to 1653, and
poesibly less than two'years. In his biography,
as sketched both in the *' Quarterly" and the
** Edinburgh Reyiew,*' it is stated that he was
there three years, and departed without leave-
taking. This does not agree with the original,
of which the words are, '* Wherefor takeing my
leav I resolved to return home again, md on a
Tuesday, about ten o'clock, I took my Jomey on
much in the conation made familiar to us
in the case of Gil Bias : —
''After I had gone a pretty way into
the wood, and doubting whether I was
right or not, 1 began with serious thoughts
to connder my present conditioB, calHng
to mind from whenee I was come, from
my most loveing parents and fHends* and
where I was now, among strangers, whose
language I understood not, [for he had
talked only Latin with the Jesuits,! tra-
velling myself knew not well whither,
haveing but seven dollars by me which
could not last long, and when that was
gone I knew not where to gett a fitrthing
mmre for the great journey and voyage
which 1 intended. To serve or work I
thought it a cKsparagement, and to begg
a greater."
Such was the orcKnary sentiment of the
Scotish cadets of the higher class. They
had adopted as a maxim the exclamation
of the unjust steward, " I cannot dig, to
beg I am ashamed." The alternative was,
to become either a scholar or a soldier.
This state of things is precisdy described
by a contemporary, and another Gk)rdon»
in the following passagpe quoted by the
editor: —
"Negotiatio urbanis relinquitur: me-
liores (magno suo malo) id- vite genvs Qt
natalibus impar dedignantur ; unde isopia
multis ; cui levandsa ad tractanda arma se
accingunt, quie multis kxns apod exteroi,
Belgas prsBsertim, Germanos et Gkdlos,
semper amicam illis et adamatam gentem,
a multis annis cum laude exercuenmt ; in-
geniis enim acribus et fervidis, sive Musis
sive Marti se mancipent, non leviter pro-
ficiunt." — (DescripHon of Aherdeenthire,
ioritten about 1650, hf Sobert Gordon o/^
Straloch,)
Some of the most curious passages of
the book are those relating the writer's
debates with himself and his fHends upon
choosing between a mercantile and a mili-
tary life ; from which we gather intima-
tions of the large numbers of Scotchmen
who were settled in the North of Europe
in both those occupations. At last, with
the view of becoming a soldier, Gordon
-■■■■ ■-■■■ •■ I— ■» — ^ ■ ■» II
foot to save expences," ftc. As the Edinburgh
and Quarterly reviewers re'transkUed a German
version, it is not surprising that they fell into
misapprehensions; and their discovery makes
the acquisition of the original text the mors
valuable.
I860.]
The Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
went to Wbtbbw, to aeek ths Duke Jan
Radz[vi1, Who he waa told " hod » I)fe
compiiny, all or moct Scottiemen." He
failed in tMa object, and wu aguu about
to return to Scotland, when at Hamburg
he met with BOmB"S«edB officiers, very
busy leryiDg and listing of lODldiera."
"In all thdr difcourses they extolled
a K.nldier'a Ivfe, telling that richea, honour,
and all aorta of worldly blesaings lay
proatrate at a aouldier'a feet, wanting
only bis will to atoop and take them
np; then, falling out in coinmendatiiin
of onr countrymen, than whom no bettt r
gqjora were of any nation to be found, and
that, albeit natnre bad endued tliem with
a gpiiiua fitt for any thing, yat did tliey
despite thp ease, advantage, or conteiit-
ment any other trade might faring-, and
embraced that of a aoaldicr, which, with-
out nil dispute, is the moit honourable."
He was now enlisted by a ooantrjman
named Gardin, and joined the army of the
King of Sweden in its invasion of Poliind.
During the next aii ytara he saw much
service and received aeveral wounds, lie
served altcruatoly in the armica of Sweden .
and I'olnnd. When taken prisoner by tha
Poll a, ho joined their ranka; when re-
captured by the Swedes, he again took
aervico with them. Again he joined the
Poles, and diatingoished himself in the
defeat of the Russians at Czudno ; but iu
the next year he entered tlw Muscovite
service, in which his fortune was even-
tually made. From time to time he made
several attempta to return home, but the
Muscovite valued him too highly to part
with him. When Jamea 11., a prince
of Gordon's own fcith, wo* reigning in
Great Britain, ho became more than ever
desirotig to obtain hia dischai^ : the
King wrote a tetter to the Czar, the
Dnke of Gordon addressed the Russian
premier Golitzin, and Gordon himself
petitioned to be permitted to take liia
leave. The only result was a threat of
banishment to some remote part of the
empire, and degradation to the rank of
ensign- Ha had acarccly, by the lowliest
anbmission, obtained a pardon of this
sentence, when ho received a letter from
the Earl of Middleton, informing him that
King JamcB bad honoured him " with the
Uisi. MiS. Vol, CCIX.
13
character of hia Envoy Extraordinary to
their Czaarish Majesties." This had nearly
made matters worse. When he shewed
the letter, he waa told to "translate it
into Latin, and give it into the office to
be translated into Rusae ; and this because
they had no English tranalator," — so little
was our language, now nincb studied in
Rusraa, then understood in that country.
The answer was, " that Livetennant-Gene-
ral Patrick Gordon cannot bo Extraor-
dinary Envoy from the King totheTzaars,
because he is to be in tbe great army in this
expedition against the Turlu end Tartars."
Hia military services were really required,
and they were rendered with zeal and
efficiency. So, this difficulty t>eing well
got over, he l>eeame, two years later, full
General, and waa taken into the familiar
confidence of Peter tbe Great. To that
powerful monarch Gordon au^eated that
policy towards Turkey which has been
continued by tha succeeding Czars until
the present time. In 1689 he received
the ennobled dcaignation of Ivanowitsch :
in 1696 he distinguished himself in cap-
turing the town of Asof, then suffi^ring a
second year's siege i and in 16W be de-
feated the rebellious Strelitzea, by whom
the stability of the Muscovite throne waa
acriously threatened. In 1699 Patrick
Gordon died, at tbe age of siity-four.
Tlie Czar, who had visited him five times
in his illness, and twice during the night
before hia death, stood weeping by his
bedside, and the eyes of one who had left
Scotland a poor unfriendeil wanderer were
closed by the hands of an Emperor- Peter
biinself ordered the funeral procession, and
took bis place in its long line, accompanied
by all the pomp of hia empire, and fol-
lowed by the representatives of most of
the great powers of Europe.
On two occasions General Gordon was
permitted to come to England, though
only as a visitor, and his accounts of those
journeys are not the least interesting por-
tions of his Diary.
The first was made in the year 166B,
when he was the bearer of n letter from
the Czar to King Charles II. After a
journey which occupied three months,
(aud wliigh is minutely described,) he
The Diary of Genm*al Patrick Gordon.
14
1
anded at Deptford on the 2nd of Oc-
tober, and was thence conducted to Peck-
ham, where he was heartily welcomed by
Sir John Hebden, then Russian resident
in this country : —
"So I stayed some dayes here untill I
iiirnished myself and suite with cloathes
and liveryes ; and, because the Court was
in mourning, I thought fitt to conforme
myself to that, putting myself in deep
mourning; my brother-in-law [Charles von
Beckhoven], who was to carry before me
the Kmpcrour's letters, in halfe mourning;
but my servants in my ordinary livery,
which, because, conforme to my instruc-
tions. I was not to have any publick entry
or audience, needed not to be numerous.
" Ilaveing furnislied myself with all
things, I went privately to London, which
lay smoaking in its ashes [after the Great
Fire], and took up my lodging in the
Strand, a little above Ivy Lane, in an
apothecaryes house
" About six o'clock at night I was sent
for, and brought to the Earle of Lawder-
dale's lodgings, being accompanycd by Sir
John llebden, and Mr. James Metellane,
his lordship's secretary. The Karle of
Lawdi rdale received me very kindly, and,
behig informed more particularly of the
circumstance of my business, he conducted
me to his Majesty, who was newly re-
turned from seting a French ship which
was taken.
" I found his Majesty standing umler a
canopy, bare-headed, with many nobles
about him. Being entred the roome, and
performed the usuall reverences, I tooke
the Kmperour's letters from my brother-
in-law. After I had [made] the short
complement, his Majesty was pleased to
receive the letters with his ownc hand,
and gave them off immediately to one
standing by, and asked me for the good
health of his Majesty, which I answered
after the ordinary way. Then his Majesty
was pleased to say, that this message was
so much the more acceptable that the
Tzaar had been pleased to entrust one of
his owne subjects with it, and caused tell
me that I might use the freedomo of the
Court." ....
" Oct, 11. The King's locksmith, by
order, brought a key which opened the
doorcs to the parkes, galleries, and other
passages in the Court, to whom I gave
twenty shillings, and to his attendant
fyve, my name being graved on it.
" Being not well accommodated in the
Strand, 1 removed to Hay Market, and
lodged in Mr. Robert Ranyes, at the signe
of the Two Blew Bulls, where I had ex-
[July,
ceeding good accommodation. I sent my
brother-in-law Charles to the dancing and
writeing school.
" Oct 16. I had conference with the
Lord Chancellour [Clarendon] in his house,
he being sick of the gowt.
" Oct, 21. Being Sunday, I hired a
coach, and rode to Hi<;hgate, and dined
with the Earl of Lawderdale, and returned
in the evening.
" Oct, 23. I had another conference
with my I^rd Chancellor and Sir William
Morice, the Secretary of State, at the
Lord Chaincellor's house.
" Nov. 13. I had the third conference
with the Lord Chancellor and the Secre-
tary of State, where wee debated the
business I came for, as also that of the
privileges, very sharply
" Dec. 9. I went to the Tower, and see
the crowne, scepter, juwels, armes, and
magflzino, which cost me in wages one
pound thirteen shillings.
** Dec, 10. I had my last conference
with the Lord Chancellour in his h«»use.
He told me the King's resolution, and the
Counsell's, concerning my business, and an
answer that I was to have ; and that his
Royal Maje^tyhad commanded to give me
two hundred pund sterling upon the ac-
count of my expences, and a gift.
"Jan. 18. I was sent for to have my
last audience of his Majesty, who received
me very graciously, and delivered the
letters to the Tzaar out of his owne hand
to me, desiring to be remembred to, and
salute, his deare and loveing brother;
which promiseing to d\ I then thanked
his Majestic for his great favours to me.
So, being admitted to kiss his Majesties
hand, I took leave, and was reconducted
to my lodging
" The next day I was conducted to his
Royall Highness the Duke of York, .who,
with much favour, received me and dis-
missed me
" I went and tooke my leave of the
Lord Chancellour, who was still sick of
the gowt, in his lodgings in Berkshire
House.
**Jan. 22. The King sent Sir Harbert
Price to mo, to bring me to his Majestie
againe, whom wee found just comeing out
of his bed-chamber. The King was pleased
to speake to mc so : * Colonell Gordon, I
have a servant there in Russia, called
Caspar Calthofte, for whom I have written
diverse tyraes to your Emperour. I won-
der that, at our desire, he doth not dis-
miss him. Pray speak to the Emperour
that he dismiss him.' 1 answerod that,
*How soone I shall have the honour to
see his Imperiall M^estie, I shall not
I860.]
The Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
15
fail to show your Majesties desire and
pleasure/ His Majesty replyed: 'Pray
do ; I wish you a good jorney.* "
We have omitted, for brevity's sake, some
of the minor incidents of Colonel Gordon's
stay, as his dinners with the Earl of
Rothes, the Earl of Carlisle, Lord Middle-
ton, and others ; and his entertaining his
friends and the Russian merchants at
the " Cock," and other of the best taverns
of that day. We may add, however, that,
before his last audience with the King, he
" caused make cloaths ready for my selfe
and suite after the new fashion.** This
was "the King's new fashion," which
Pepys mentions at the same date, stating
that his Majesty had " declared his resolu-
tion of setting a fashion for clothes, which
he will never alter," the object being "to
teach the nobility thrift." The Editor has
referred to this and several other passages
in Pepys's Diary upon the subject ; but he
has not adverted to the circumstance that
in Evelyn's Diary the "new fashion" is
more particularly described. It was on the
18th of October (according to that diarist)
that his Majesty for the first time "put
himself solemnly into the Eastern fashion
of vest, changing doublet, stiff collar,
hands and cloake, into a comely dress,
after the Persian mode, with girdles or
straps ; and shoe-strings and garters into
bouckles, of which some were set with
precious stones; resolving never to alter
it, and to leave the French mode, which
had hitherto obtained, to our great ex-
penoe and reproch." Evelyn himself had
adopted this new fashion by the 30th of
the month, and went to his office wearing
"the vest and surcoat, or tunic as 'twas
call'd, after his Majesty had brought the
whole Court to it. It was a comely and
manly habit, too good to hold, it being
impossible for us in good earnest to leave
the Monsieurs' vanities long."
We are not aware whether the qaes-
tion has ever been answered, that was
put by the Editor of Evelyn, Whether
there are any existing portraits of Charles
or his courtiers in this Persian attire?
On further reference to Pepys we find
that he thus describes it, as "being a
long cassock close to the body, of black
cloth, and pinked with white silk under it,
and a coat over it, and the legs ruffled
with black riband like a pigeon's leg;
and, upon the whole, (adds our old friend,)
I wish the King may keep it, for it is a
very fine and handsome garment."
Gordon's visit to the English Court in
the reign of James II. was made for his
own pleasure only; but he was received
with as much personal consideration as
before, and the details are, on the whole,
still more interesting. It was on the 16th
of April, 1686, that he had his first audi-
ence of King James, having on the pre-
vious day furnished himself with a periwig
that cost £7 sterling, a hat which cost
£2 10s., silk stockings 12s., and other
requisite attire : —
" April 16. About eight a clock Generall
Drummond gave me notice that it was
tyme. I tooke a chaire, and went downe
to his lodging, and with him to Court to
my Lord Melfort's lodging; who, after
halfe a houres stay, introduced me to his
Majestic, in the comeing out of his bed-
chamber ; who was pleased to receive me
very graciously. And haveing kissed his
Majesties hand with the usuall ceremonies,
and a short compliment, his Majestic asked
many questions concerning the Tzars, the
countrey, the state of effaires, the militia
and government, as also of my jorney and
many other particulars
"April 17. I tooke a chaire in the
morning, and went with Lievetennant-
Generall Drummond to Court, and waited
upon the King in the Park, at his walke,
and also in the evening
"April 21. Attending his Majestic at
his walke in Arlington gardens**, he was
pleased, walking up and dovra the alley,
to speake with me about half a houre,
enquiring particularly armcs, and manner
of warring, the business of Czegrin, [in
the defence of which Gordon had dis-
tinguished himself in 1678,] and many
other things.
" April 22. According to my ordinary
custome, I went and waited on the King,
at his walking in the Parke. I'he King
caused try the new invention of the pump
made by Sir Robert Gordon; but, some
things breaking therein, it took no effect. . .
' Arlington-gardens were on tbe site of the
present Green Park, extending from Arlington-
house, in the direction of the Queen's present
palace at Pimlico. They were often called the
M olberry-gardens.
16
The Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
[July,
"April 25. Heard devotion at St. James's,
where was the King and Queen, who dined
puhlickcly this day. with musiclc, at which
I stayed, and was forced to dine alone
afterwards.
" April 26. Hearing that the King in-
tended to go to Chattam, I procured a
note from my Lord Melfort to be taken
aboard one of the King's yachts : and so,
accordingly, went in coach to Billingsgate,
the King being at dinner in the Tower
by my Lord Dartmouth*; and, hireing
a boat, wee came to Detford, and was re-
ceived aboard of a yacht, which wee could
have done without a note, there being six
yachts, and very few attendants with the
King. Being come to Tilberry skonce,
over against Gravesand, the King went
a shoare, and went round the fortress,
takeing a view of every thing, and asked
my opinion concerning the fortifications
and oppurtcnauces, which, as reasonable,
I extolled. The King made hast to the
yacht, and was saluted from the fort by
all the cannon, as also from all the ships
comeing down the river, and the Tower
at parting ; but the yacht wherein I was
bein;^ gone farr dowue, we recovered
another, and was taken in, and so sailed
downe till within some miles of Sherness.
" April 27. About six a clock, the King
went ashore to Shirness, and went round
the fortifications, and, being in the top of
a tower, asked me what I thought of the
fortress ? I answered, that it was exceed-
ing well contrived, and well furnished,
and that I wondered how the D:itch durst
adventure up towards Chattam ^ haveing
such obstacles in the way. The King said,
No, you are mistaken ; there was no such
thing as this then, only a small skonce, and
ill furnished. I replyed, that it gave me
greater cause to wonder that such a con-
siderable station for bhips should have
been, in such a tyme, so ill secured. The
King replyt'd. You say well ; indeed, they
have learned us witt. And being come
into the govcmour*s house, and takeing
a standing breakfast, he asked me many
more things, as what armes wc used in
Kussia? and what discipline ? as also what
family of the Gordons 1 was of? if of
the Aberdeen's family ? and many other
things. The Kin^i: made hast aboard, and,
our yacht boat being gone, I hired a pair
of oares, which, because of the contrar
•wind, could not gett rowed up to the
* He was Treasurer of tbe Ordnance. Gordon
ordinarily uses the preposition *' by" in the sense
of urith.
' When they burned the EnglLih ships, in
June, 1667.
yachts, who were all under saile; which
the King seeing, sent the boat himself
was brought aboard in to take me in,
which put me aboard of otje of the yachts,
which cost me fyve shillings. We plyed
up the river Medway to Chattam, where,
going ashoare, the King was saluted as at
Shirnessc, by all the cannons from the forts
and shipps. The King viewed the shipps
which were a building, and then see fyve
companies of CoUonell Kirk's regiment ex-
ercized; the Lievetennant Colonell, who
exercised them, being on horseback, and
the King with all his attendants on foot,
llie King missed six men out of the com-
pany of grenadiers, which the Lieveten-
nant CoUonell excused. The King, haveing
dined here, went aboard of his yacht,
which, in coneing up, had broken her
boyersprit on one of the great ships,
whereof many lay in this river, and all
the forts were now so well furnished with
cannon, that neither Dutch nor devil dare
adventure againe. . . .
" Mat/ 4. Saw the tragedy of Hamlet,
Prince of Denmark, acted in Whitehall,
in the presence of the King, Queen, and
all the Court.
" Mat/ 6. I saw the Scots Batallion ex-
ercized in the Hide Parke before the
King and Queen, and saw the comedy
* Rehearsal' acted."
Tlie last and the most interesting audi-
ence of Gordon with James II. took place
at Windsor, on the 14th of May : —
" About ten aclock I came thither, and
haveing shifted myself I went to Court, and
found the King walking in the Parke, and
ready to returno. His Sacred Majesty was
graciously pleased to tell to the Earl of
S'ewersham what I was, and then asked
me if I had ever been th»'re before, and
what I thought of the place ? I answered
to his Majesties satisfaction. In going
through the roomes, his Sacred Majesty
told me that in the evening he would
speake with me. So, having heard devo*
tion, and seen the King dine, I went to
my lodging and dined, and about four
aclock went to the Court againe, and
passed the tyme in viewing the large and
well decored roomes in the ^ilace, and went
afterwards into the Parke, and viewed all
the walkes and conveniences of it; this
being a most delightful place, and haveing
a most delicate prospect. About six a
clocke, the King, with the Queen, came
to walke in the Parke, accompanyed with
the Prince George, and after one houres
divertissement returned. In the evening,
about suns<3tt, the King, being in one of
the great chambers, called me to a comer
I860.]
The Diary of General Patrick Gordon.
17
of the roome, and entered in a large dis-
course with me, enquireing where, and
how long, I had served abroad, and many
other things relating to military affaires ;
to all which I answered as well as I could.
He was graciously pleased to tell me, that
I should make haste to returne, and that
be would have a care of me, and do for
me what he could ; which discourse lasted
above halfe aue houre, and then dismiss-
ing me, about halfe aue houre thereafter,
I seeing his Majesty going towards his
closet, went, and sitting downe on my
knee, his Majesty graciously gave me his
hand to kisse. And haveing not seen any
of our Scots nobility, or any acquaintance
to address me to the Queen, I begged of
his Majesty the honour to kiss the Queen's
hand ; whereat his Majestic smileing, was
pleased to conduct me to the Queen, who
was sitting at a table with some ladies at
cardes; and, the King acquainting her,
beckoned to me to come nearer, when I
had the honour to kiss her Majesties hand,
which gave occasion of discourse to the
nobility and courtiers, some saying, This
gentleman hath gott a fine introductor
indeed. The King, in passing by, was
pleased to say to me, You must not stay
long there; and. Wee shall write to the
Tzaars about you.**
ITie consequent effort that was made to
bring Gordon back to his native country,
and its unsuccessful issue, we have already
noticed. Upon the passage we have last
quoted, the Editor has remarked in his
Preface : —
€t
Ue warms into something like a com-
municative mood in his interviews with
James the Second. Between th it Prince
and himself there was the strong bond of
common zeal for a proscribed faith, and it
is easy to see what was in the mind of the
monarch during their last meeting at
Windsor, where he so earnestly pressed
Gordon to make haste back from Russia.
The King looked for another Dalyell, (Old
Tom of Muscovy, as Charles the Second
used to call him,) and perhaps he would
not have been disappointed. * I am sorry,*
said Gordon, when the news of the battle
of the Boyne reached him at Moscow, * I am
sorry from my heart that his Majesty did
not, when I was in Scotland, lay his com-
mands upon me to stay there. Then might
I at this time have given proofs of my
loyalty and what I can do.' We may
well believe that the hand which crushed
the Strelitzes would have been heavy upon
the Cameronians; it may be that the
walls of Darry would have fallen before
the conqueror of Asof; and the ready
counsel and daring acts which twice saved
the throne of Peter the Great might have
upheld the rule even of King James the
Second."
We shall only make two additional re-
marks. The one is of our approbation of
the very complete and effectual manner
in which the Editor, Mr. Robertson, (the
Superintendant of the Literary and An-
tiquarian Department of the General
Register House at Edinburgh,) has exe-
cuted his task, — as well in the abstract
of the memoirs, in the annotations, and in
the indexes of places and persons, (we
should have added, we think, a brief index
of subjects) ; and the other is to observe
that this volume may hereafter be referred
to as one of the best repertories of infor-
mation concerning the class of Daly ells
and Dalgetties, and all those Scotish
soldiers of fortune who flourished in the
seventeenth century. We need only point
out, by way of example, that in p. 21 we
meet with Field Marshal Robert Douglas,
who with his three brothers joined the
banners of Gustavus Adolphus ; in p. 23
with Lord Cranstoun " arriving at Pillaa
with 2,500 Scotch for the Swedish ser-
vice ;" in p. 26 with Walter Count Leslie,
a marshal in the army of the Empire; and
in p. 24 with Alexander Leslie, a general
in Muscovy; in p. 25 with "a country-
man and namesake of the author, if not
also a kinsman," Patrick Gordon, other-
wise called Steclhaud ; in p. 32 with Lord
Henry Gordon, youngest son of the second
Marquis of Huntly, who was a colonel in
the Polish army, and was enrolled as a
nobleman of that kingdom ; but through-
out the book Scotsmen of less celebrity
are of continual occurrence, and sometimr'S
are found in troops, as in the following
passage, which occurs at the time when
Gordon first took service in Russia : —
«<
Sept, 27, 1661. About thirty officers,
most whereof I had bespoke in Riga, came
to Mosko, most of them being our country-
men, as Walter Airth, William Guild,
George Keith, Andrew Burnet, Andrew
Calderwood, Robert Stuart, and others,
most whereof were enrolled in our regi-
ment."
[Julj.
I860.] 19
THE OLD HERALDRY OF THE PERCIES.
A CERTAIN eccentric lawyer, who yet professed to be a legal antiquary,
in presenting a summary of the Peerage of Ireland, made the declaration,
" In copying the heraldic language of the coats of arras, I profess to be
wholly ignorant of that modern hieroglyphic *." Such ignorance was pro-
bably closely allied to contempt, but we do not expect to meet with either
in the readers of the Gentleman's Magazine, and therefore we conceive
that a notice of the arms, and badges, and pennons, and war-cries of one
of the noblest houses of England will not be unappreciated by them.
Our monthly reports shew that papers of much general as well as local
interest are often read at the meetings of the Society of Antiquaries of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and a selection of these appears, under the un-
assuming title of " Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity," in its
quarterly journal, styled Arch(Bologia Juliana, of which a new series
was commenced in May, 1856. Where all are good there is a difficulty
in choosing. We have an elaborate Catalogue of the Inscribed and Sculp-
tured Roman Stones in the possession of the Society ; we have accounts
of the great battles of Neville's Cross and of Flodden, with ample topo-
graphical and other illustrations; we have many most interesting papers re-
lating to the fallen house of Radclyffe ; and particularly a detailed history of
the New Castle upon Tyne, some of which we may one day notice at length,
but at present we will take the article in the last issued number, styled
** The Old Heraldry of the Percies,*' on which Mr. Longstaffe, the editor,
has bestowed an amount of pains only to be expected where the work is
a labour of love, but which will not be thought misemployed, when the
results arrived at are considered. Every such proof of the practical uses
of heraldry is a positive gain to the historical student, and must interest
every gentleman.
One object with Mr. Longstaffe is to shew the essential difference be-
tween ancient and modern heraldry, and as no words can do it better than
hiB own, we therefore cite them : —
"Here is the plain issue between ancient and modern heraldry. The old shews
estate as well as blood; tha new shews blood only. The new system makes no ap-
parent (Hstinction between tecbnicul heirs of a millioneth drop of the vital fluid and
them who won the transmitter's barony, his acres, and his responsibilities. Its pic-
tured genealogies are well enough if it is perfectly understood that a right to quarter
the arms of England does not place a respectable gentleman on the same footing as the
• Rowley Lascellcs, in Liber Munerum Publicorrtm Hibernian, Pnrt I. p. i. For
a detailed account of his work, see Gsnt. Mag., Jan. 1859, p. 33, and June, 1859,
p« 606 et seqq.
20 The Old Heraldry of the Percies. [July,
Earl of Surrey, who had the inheritance of Brotherton. For the practical uses of
heraldry, the hundreds of quart eringa which may now be worn must indeed, from
mere necessity, be cut down to the paternal coat and a quartering op two. But all
principle in such restrictions is gone ; and considering the wild facility of using unau-
thorised bearings which the removal of legal barriers has introduced, it is as well that
the heraldry which was governed by the possession of land has been irrevocably sup-
planted by that which similarly indicates the remotest possibility of inheritance.
" So strictly and practically was heraldry the sure badge of possession and of terri-
torial rights unsuffered to be dormant, that the Flemings declined to assist Edward III.
until he actually assumed the royal fleur-de-lis of France ; and when Richard Duke of
York claimed the crown as heir to Lionel Duke of Clarence, it was objected that he
did not wear that duke's arms. He answered that he might lawfully have done it,
but forbare it for a time, as he did from making his claim to the crovm, Camden, in
mentioning this, states that quftrterings * to shew their right' began in Edward IV/s
time ; but the requisition of more actual possession was certainly rife as late as Henry
VIII.'s reign, when Surrey, in 1523, complains that Sir William Gascoigne, a claimant
to the earldom of Westmoreland, intended to bear the arms of the eaiXde fcuito, who
and his ancestors had ' enjoyed the land without interruption, and no man may bear
the arms of his antecessors without difference unless he be possessed of the inheritance.'
That the land was the criterion between an heir-male and the heirs-general as to the
right to the 'whole* or undifferenced coat was well settled in the case of Gray of
Kuthin V. Hastings.
" When the right thus accrued by land, the coat acquired might be placed in any
way pleasing to the owner of the shield. The modern rules as to husbands only im-
paling or wearing escutcheons of pretence, and the issue only quartering, were unknown.
WTien the husband took a vested right in his wife's lands, he either impaled or quar-
tered her arms ; while for the issue, the inherited coats were sometimes impaled as
well as quartered with each other, and so long as the inheritor had two coats by right
of descent, they might bo coupled in impalements, though the families so designated
had never directly intermarried. There is a good example of this practice on the south
Dacre tomb at Lanercost. Usually, however, males quartered the arms of their wives
or ancestresses from whom they acquired their lands, while impalements were prpcti-
cally the general bearings of married women, who took an immediate interest in their
husbands' land by right of dower. The practice of husbands impaling their wives*
arms, whether heiresses or not, probably arose near the close of the fifteenth century.
Even now it is laid down that the arms of a wife should not in general be borne upon
the husband's banner, surcoat, or official seal. In early times, pursuant to the above
rules, we often find two shields, one the husband's arms alone, for himself; the other
the same impaled with his wife's, for her. And so in portraits, the husband is clothed
in his own coat, while the wife's robes contain his bearings on one side, hers on the
other. The old practice is still kept up in the achievements of gartered peers." —
(pp. 158, 159.)
These arrangements are illustrated by a catalogue of arms, which pre-
sents the distinctive insignia (as far as now obtainable) for each chief of
the Percies, from William de Percy, the founder of Whitby Abbey, down
to " simple Thome," who died on the scaffold at York in the quaiTel of
Mary of Scotland. Some of the writer's determinations are opposed to
received notions, and he especially feels bound to reject the pleasant story
of Joceline of Louvain, and his blue lion rampant, which he chose to keep,
though he changed his name to Percy, on marrying Lady Agnes, the
heiros^s. But he bases every step on tlie sure foundation of monuments >
2
I860.] Tl^ Old Heraldry of the Percies. 21
painted glass, and aacient heraldic MSS., and ne do not see how hie coa-
clueions can be impeached.
A Harteian MS. (692) gives the arms of the first Percy as Azure, fire
mill-picks Or ; but it is now generally allowed that heraldry proper is
hardly so ancient, and Mr. Longstaffe maiutains that these were the arms
borne (in right of his wife) by Joceline. The blue lion he says can only
be dated circa 1300, and he conceives that it was adopted by Henry Percy
on his marriage with Eleanor Fitz-Alan, daughter of liis lord paramount
the Earl of Arundel ; he thinks it " possible that the lion was assumed
in remembrance of Joceline of Louvaia, differenced from the tinctures of
the later dukes of Srabant, or it might be only indirectly allusive to the
ducal house, through the lords of Arundel, 'who descended from Queen
Adelicia, and perhaps used a lion in reference to her descent." It cer-
tainly appears as if the golden mill-picks (or fusils as they are also termed)
were the especial arms of the family, and among other instances tKe fol-
lowing differences occur for races of the name of Percy : —
"Blue, four or Ave fusils in fess, gilver. Blue, three golden fusila in fcse, within
a double tresgnre, florj eounterflory (four for Percy of Islington), Silv. r, four black
fusils in ftu, for Percy of Ardingworth, Nortlaniptonsliire. Tlie same, with the Beld
gold, for a family of tie ^me county. Gold, a red fuul in pale engrailed. Silver, Ave
black fuaila in feu, on each three golden pales. The EBme witbont poles. Silver, three
black liisila in fegs, on eacb a bezant, Bloe, a ulver pale fusilly. Ihe like tinctures
reversed."— (p. 226.)
The celebrated Percy shrine at Beverley, commonly attributed to Idonea
de Clifford, the daughter-in-law of Henry, the tenth baron, Mr, Longstaffe
gives US good reason for believing really belongs to his wife, Eleanor Fitz-
Alan. The passage is somewhat long, but we must extract it, as shewing
the able manner in which our author states his case, and his reasons for
questioning the attribution of another well-known monument in the same
" Leiand speaks uninipasBionedl; of the glorious collegiate charch of St. John. To
him it wftsbut •ofafairuniform making.' With the auinptuous monnments be was
more interested. ' Besides the tninbs of saints, be three tombs most notable on the
north side of the quire. (I.) In one of them, with a chapel arched over It, is buried
Percy Earl of Northumberland and iiis son, father to the last earl. (II.) In anolher
is buried Eleanor, wife to one of the Lord Perejs. (III.) And in another oiaiUe
alabatter, Idonco bidj Percy, wife to one of tbe Lord Percys. (IV.) Under Eleanor's
tomb is buried one of the Percys, a priest.'
" Leiand seems to commence his description from the east. He begins with the tomb
of the fourth earl, which is still remaining, nhlle its chapel or canopy is known to have
been destroyed. The next tomb is the celebrated Percy sbrine, and ought to be Elea-
nor's. 1 cannot believe that this peerless gem of flowing Decorated work is to he re-
ferred to the period after Idonea's death in 1365, a period in which the TiaaHtional
York ch<^ was erected ^. Nor, while I would concede that Leiand might mistake the
* "Since writing the above, my view is much confirmed. 'In tbe Chorchof Wal.
wick, in HoldenuM (see Poulson), there is a monument which resembles in a striking
Qmt. Mao. Vol. CCIX. d
22 The Old Heraldry of the Fercies. [July,
material of a highly finished work if it were coloured, can I allow that he would state
a freestone monument to be of white alabaster. We know that the tomb under the
shrine was of grey marble, ^th the matrices of an early brass * in it. It is engraved
by Gough, and is said to have been an insertion; but, if so, it must have been a very
early one, for a stone cofBn and remains were in it ^, And it stands to reason that the
post of honour north of the high altar would first be occupied.
" Thus I should have been disposed, on the documentary evidences and general pro-
babilities, to have given the shrine to Eleanor Fitz-Alan ; but the heraldic proofs are
remarkable. On the south or principal front we have four coats. One of them is
borne by a lady. The others, and all those on the other side of the canopy, are held
by figures of knights, highly finished, and evidently portraits. This one lady, above
whose head rises an iris ornament, like the upper half of a fieur-de-lis, has the wimple
of the reigns of Edward I. and II., and the knights have mail and surcoat of the like
date, no jupon «. For the appearance of the coat of France and England, which were
first quartered in 1340, I can only account by a lapse of time between the deceased's
death and the erection of her memorial. Eleanor died in 1328, the bond of the vicars
choral to her executors to celebrate her obit is not dated until 1336, and the execution
of so costly a monument might well reach over 1340. Now the shield which the lady
holds has a chief only, emblazoned by Torr, who probably saw colour', as Silver, a blue
chief, for ' Lord Clun.* Modern writers have stated the field to be chequy, misled by
the quatrcfoilcd diaper, which is not alternately raised as in the chequy of Warren
above it. The chief is of flowing diaper. The coat is given to Fitz-Alan ancient,
lords of Clun (Eyton's Shropshire), to Clun, and to Suluce, the name of Eleanor's
sister-in-law. (Gen. Arm.) 'i he next coat above is the chequy of Warren's heiress, the
wife of Eleanor's nephew. Opposite, to the east, is old France and England, probably
manner the great tomb at Beverley. It is supposed to commemorate a provost of
Beverley. This provost I believe to be Nicholas do Hugate, who died rector of Wal-
wick in 1338. He was canon of York and provost from 1317 to 1338. This fact may
be of use. His will is at Lincoln.* — James Kaine.
<^ " A female figure under a trefoiled canopy consisting of a simple pediment crocketed
and finialed. Two angels assisted the buttresses thereof. Around were fourteen
shields, and in the mnrgin ran an inscription.
•* •* When the choir of the minster was fitted up for service instead of the nave, the
tomb under the shrine was removed. ' The contents exhibited a stone coffin joined
with mortar, 6 ft. 6 in. long, 1 ft. 6 in. wide, and only 16 in. deep. The body was
closely enveloped in lead, so much so as to leave the impression of the body in it, and
was enclosed in a wood coffin, which appeared to have been plundered of the orna-
ments which decorated it. Dr. Hull, who was present, supposes that the arms, legs,
and bones, from their magnitude, did not belong to a person above the age of 12 or
14.' A Durham penny of Edward III. was also found in removing the tomb. —
Scaum's Beverlac.
*' Dugdale calls this canopy and tomb ' Tumulus Matildis comitissse Northumbrim
filia Willielmi Herbert Comitis Pembrochioe* (Church Notes), yet the body in cloth of
gold attributed to that countess on its discovery in 1678 (MS. note in some copies of
the Baronage) scarcely coincides with the observations of Dr. Hull. Maud Herbert
was the fourth earl's countess, and the ascription of the tomb to her is, of course, quite
untenable.
* " The whole tomb requires most careful drawing and engraving. Gough's figures
are stiff and inexact. And, in these evil days of restoration, every genuine thing of
beauty should be perpetuated on paper at once,
' " I think what I saw of ooloiur was more modem than Torr's time, and I cannot
remember whether it corresponded with his note.
I860.] The Old Heraldry of the Perdes. 23
a complimentary badge of loyalty, as in Lumley and Hilton castles. The king, how-
ever, was literally a cousin of the Warrens, and we find the next Baron Percy bequeath-
ing to the Earl of Arundel a cup enamelled with the arms of France and England.
( 1 Test. Ebor., 59.) Below this is a coat blazoned by Torr as Purple, a golden lion
rampant. The purple has evidently been the red of Arundel, or Fitz-Alan modern ».
All one side of the tomb may therefore be considered as having reference to Fitz-Alan.
The other side has to the east ClifTord, referring to Eleanor's daughter-in-law Idonea,
and above that coat Torr again emblazons Parple, a golden lion rampant. To the west
be has Silver, a blue lion rampant, and under it Blue, a silver lion rampant. The last
but one coat may be Brus, but it more probably is Percy, the gold having disappeared.
These lions are all on richly-flowered diaper, whereas the Fitz-Alan shield on the other
side is plain. The Clifibrd coat is borne by a knight, differing from the rest in having
very open armour of annulets. Each group of four is fastened by an interlacing
annulet in the centre. We have possibly a reference to the Vipont annulets so
proudly cherished by the Cliffords.
" Leland's expression, * under Eleanor's tomb,* applied to the priest's burial, must be
construed by the wish of George Percy, rector of Rothbury in 1474, * to be buried in
the north aisle betide (juxta) the tomb of Lady Eleanor de Percy ''.' The eflfigy in the
north transept of the minster attributed to George Percy, does not seem to belong to
him, whether it is in situ or not. It was in its present place, and on its present altar-
tomb, when Dugdale visited the minster in 1641, 'in boreali parte ecclesira murura
orientum versus ',' but he does not attribute it, as hedoes the other Percy tombs. The
bearings, such as the maunch, are of the drawing of the fourteenth century, and Old
France is quartered with England. Out of nineteen shields, only one, a lion rampant,
in an obscure position, can be attributed to Percy. We look in vain for Clifford, Lucy,
old Percy, or the Neville cross of the prebendary's own mother. Warren and Lancaster,
if by the labelled arms of England Lancaster is meant, may come in, but the bend of
Scrope and the three legs of Man, being together, and four large collared birds like
Combh choughs at the foot of the robes, would rather refer to the Scrope family. As
the arms have been given very inaccurately, I subjoin my notes of them '', to aid in
fs '* Le Cokte d'Aboitdell et de Waeeen. — Quarterly — 1 and 4, red, a golden lion
rampant ; 2 and 3, chequy, gold and blue. (Willenient's Roll, inter 1392-7.) The
goltien lion on a red field was borne by Richard Earl of Arundel at Karlaverok in
1300.
*» " * And in Beverley minster the said George was prebendary, and there he is buried
and daily had in memory.' — Peeris.
* " * By the chappell door [i.e. of a little chappell in the north isle of the cross
body] lyes an old monument whereon is cutt the solid portraiture of a man.' — Torr.
■* " The eflBgy lies upon, but is much shorter than, an altar-tomb of Decorated work
in the east chapel of the north transept, and, consequently, a space at the foot of the
figure is unoccupied. In Gough's time there was an aperture in it which disclosed the
stone coffin lying inside. The arms are as follows : —
"I. On the collar of the chasuble, over the left shoulder, 1. Three lions passant
gtiardant. England, 2. A bend between two double roses. II. On the maniple
running from the top. 1. A chevron, with a bird (Cornish chough ?) in base. The
upper part of the shield is hidden. 2. A bend. Scrope ? or Mauley 1 There is a
similar coat on the armorial gateway at Alnwick, said, I know not why, to be for
Tison. 3. The three legs of Man [Sir William le Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, pur-
chased the kingdom of Man from the Earl of Salisbury. Oliver refers this crest to
the grant of the isle to the first Earl of Northumberland, in 1 Hen. IV.] 4. A
maunch. Conyers 1 [Oliver gives this coat to Hastines as a quartering of the Earl
of Kent, the husband of a daughter of the second earl, but Kent's own arms are
24 The Old Heraldry of the Percies. [ J^y»
a jadgment what earlier priest, Percy, Scrope, or otherwise, is commemoratecL" —
(pp. 167—171.)
After the marriage with Eleanor Fitz-Alan, the fusils were only a
secondary coat, and when noticed they are distinguished as Old Percy.
Another marriage, that of the great-grandson of Eleanor (the first Earl
of Northumberland), with Maud Lucy, brought the noble possession of
the Honour of Cockermouth, coupled with the obligation to quarter Lucy
(Gules, 3 lucies or pikefish, Argent) ; he was the father of Hotspur, and
accordingly we have the new bearing on a seal of the latter difi^erenced by a
label of 3 points, Gules ^. By other marriages numerous additional coats
were brought in, and at the present day the Percy shield presents no fewer
than 892 quarterings : — " A splendid assemblage, a gorgeous result," re-
marks Mr. Longstafi*e, —
" according to recent rales, and a useftil one for genealogical purposes, but wholly
unsuitable for the decorative purposes of heraldry, and very unjust to the * flowers of
the flock,' which mast be picked out by a skilled eye from the equal blaze of crimson
and gold in their less important companions. The ordinary spectator, who might
acquire some idea of the comparative status of a family by a few indications of mar-
riages which carried green acres and jewelled coronets with them, is lost in the medley
presented here."— (pp. 219, 220.)
In practice, such a shield is altogether unmanageable, even when reduced
by discarding repetitions, and accordingly the accurate Edmund Lodge
(Norroy) contents himself with simply giving, Ist and 4th, Percy and
Lucy, counterquartered ; 2nd and 3rd, Old Percy. Those, however, who
desire to trace the gradual introduction of new quarterings, may like to
know, on Mr. Longstaffe's authority, when a few of the principal ones
first appear.
wanting.] 5. A bend engrailed between two cottiscs. There is something like a
crescent or horn in the sinister chief point. The dexter part of the shield is g^ne.
6. Chequy. Warren. 7. Tliree lions passant guardant, with a label of three points.
Lancaster? III. On the foot of the alb. Fint row. 1. On the commencement of a
bend, a mullet of six points in the dexter chief. The rest of the shield is under the
stole. Hotham ? In the east window of the south choir transept in York Minster,
among a variety of Scrope of Masham insignia, there is the coat. Silver, a black bend
charged with three golden mullets pierced. (Browne.) 2. A bar, in chief three roun-
dels. This has strangely been called chequy. The bar is hardly a fess, it is nearer the
chief. 3. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Semee of fleurs-de-ly, the stone between the fleurs not
cut away, A similar appearance of a fret sometimes occurs in the arms of Prance in
glass. 2 and 3. Three lions passant guardant. Most of the upper portion of this
shield is hidden by the chasuble. Old France and England. 4. A lion rampant.
Percy ? 5. Hidden hy the stole. IV. Second row. 1. A fess between two chevrons
inverted, and joined in the form of W in chief, and one chevron inverted in base. Fitz-
Walter ? 2. Defaced. Gough blatiks this shield in his text, but draws it like three
shells. 3. A chevron between three escallops. 4. Three water bougets. Ros. The
Earl of Wiltshire's grandmother was a Ilos. 5. A fess between three boars* heads.
The birds on the hem uro noticed in the text."
' See Gbnt. Mao., Jan. 1860, p. 54.
I860.] The Old Heraldry of the Ferciea. 25
Henry, the first earl (1368 — 1407), Introduced Lucy.
Henry, the third earl (1455 — 1461), PoyningB and Fitzpayne.
Henry, the fourth earl (1461 — 1489), Bryan.
Henry Algernon, the sixth earl (1527 — 1537), Beaufort and Spencer.
Thomas, the seventh earl (1557—1572), Harbottle, Monboucher, Char-
ron(?) and Acton (?).
After his time the eimplicity of old heraldry is seen no more, and from
the modern plan of giving quartering-a for every heiress of blood, however
landless or distant, even undifferenced quarterings of kiogdonia and duke-
donis, and repeating the same arms when they come through different
channels, the 33 quarters which sufficed for the tenth earl (1632—1668)
have been multiplied into 273 ; to these 5G3 have been added from
Seymour, which go far toward making up the before- mentioned for-
midable number of 892, but it djes not fall within the plan of Mr. Long-
Btafie farther to elucidate them.
Our limits do not allow ub to do more than glance at the vast number
of curious details that our author has brought together. It may be enough
to remark, that the present Percy crest, a blue lion slatant, first appears
on the seal of Henry de Percv, who died in 1353 ; that, beside a golden
crescent, which may probablv have been a personal distinction of the third
earl (1455 — 1461), the crests of Poynings, Bryan, Beauchaaip and Lisle
or Fitzgerald have been at different times employed. The supporters of
the same families, as also those uf Beaufort and Latimer, have been pressed
into the service of ibe House of Percy, which has of its o«», the blue lions
rampant of the second earl, and sometimes used a crowned liou gardant,
or silver panther, powdered with red and blue, and ducallj crowned.
The badges are 22 in number, commencing with the white lion gardant
of the first earl ; the badges of Poynings, Fitzpayne, Herbert, Bryan, and
Vere (?) appear, but the most frequent as well as the most enduring
badge is the silver crescent, which is to be seen, at the present day, within
the garter and surmounted bv the ducal coronet, let into the garden wall
of Norlhumberland House, and even as the sign of an ijin at Brentford, in
the immediate neighbourhood of Sion House. The crescent is supposed by
Mr. Longstaffe to have reference to the earldom
of Northumberland. Sometimes the crescent
is placed on the lion's neck, as at the Lion's
Tower, at Warkworth ; sometimes it bears the
motto " Esperance ;" sometimes it has within its
horns a castle, at otfaer times a lion rampant,
and at others a locket, as in the subjoined figure,
from Vincent's M8. 172 (Coll. Arm.), which
has probably giveu rise to a north-countrv pro-
vincialism, " Lord Northumberland's arms." a synonym for a black eve.
The livery colours of the house, now blue and white, were formerly
26 The Old Heraldry qf the Perciea. [July,
much more picturesque and various. The second earl employed red
and black, and when his retainers were equipped in them, after the
parti- coloured fashion of Ihe time, with the right side red and the left
black, aod the silver crescent hangiog in front, they must have pre-
sented the same appearance as the shield of peace still remaining in the
cloisters at Durham, Per pale red and black, a silver crescent. The fifth
earl, who went with Henry VIII. to the siege of Terouenne, employed red
and black, green and guld, yellow, and tawny, as well as the Tudor culours,
green and white. For his son, the sixth earl, the suitor of Anne Boleyn,
red and hbck ; russet, gold and tawny; red, gold and russet; red, gold
and black ; and red and russet, are set down.
The war-cries seem ever to have been " Percy ! Percy !" " E^perance !
Percy !" and the mottoes mainly an amplificaiion of them, as " Esperance
en Dieu," " Esperance ma Comfort," with the occasional appearance also
of " Je espoir" and " Tout loyal."
The Pei'cies, like some few other noble houses, had their heralds and
pursuivants. Percy herald appears in the time of the first earl, in attend*
ance on his brother. Sir Thomas (afterwards Earl of Worcester), and
Northumberland herald in that of the fourth earl, who had also his
pursuivant termed Esperance. Both these ofEcers appear also in the
retinue of the fifth earl, and among the preparations for his repairing to
Terouenne we read: "Two coats of arms for my lord's pursuivant, of
tarsnet, with my lord's whole arms beaten upon them in oil colours and
gold. Eight yards of green damask for a coat for Esperance, my lord's
pursuivant, and half-a-yard of white damask for guarding of the said coat."
The standard of the same earl, most probably borne before Terouenne, is
dcrivpil from ihe Harl. MS. 2358 ; and from the ITS. I. 2. in the College
of Arms are engraved eleven different pennons and another standard
applicable to his successor, the sixth earl, and contaijiing, in addition to
the blue lion, crescent, and louket of Percy, the horn of Bryan, the falchion
of Fitzpayne, and ihe key of Poynings. We are enabled to use the
engr^ivings of tlie two at.mdaid-, as alsj of other ill ;strBtii>ns of Mr.
Longs tafTe's paper.
I860.] The Old Heraldry of the Percies. 27
Very similar standards and banners, and pennoncelles, and eacutcheons
liad been displayed twenty-five years before at the magnificent funeral of
the fourth earl, who was killed in a popular tnmult in Yorkshire in 1489.
The enumeration is curious : —
" A shorte dranght of the chiu^e of the buriall of onr Lord and Maiiter Enrl of
NorthmnbeTland whose aoale Jesu pardon (iuter alia). — A etHndart, 4/. — A baner,
81. 6t. 8d. — Uii cote armer ol's«;net, b«t;n with liig armja, 51.— 12 banen of aarceneta
betyn with m; lord's anujs, at lOi. the pecf, 6^. — 100 peneellB of aarcenett, at 12d-
the pece, Qf. — 60 acatchiona of bukeram betyn witb my lord's armys (hole armys), at
I2d. the pace, tbr the chaire, herse, and church, SI. — The reward to two officers of
armys, for thdr beipe and payne in orduring the said huriidl, at 101. the pece for
coming from Iiondon. ther costs and reward. 201, — [13,340 poor folks that came the
day of the burial received Zd. each. 500 pritnts (IZd. each) and 1,000 clerks (id. each)
came to it.]— (See Neva's MSS. per Peck's Desid. Cur., 246J."— (p. 192, note.)
Nothing remains for us to add but that Mr. Long-Btafie's paper is fully .
illustrated with examples of all the various bearings (a few of which we
reproduce) and some curious fac-similes, executed at the charge of the
present head of the noble House, and to close this necessarily inadequate
summary of his excellent communication, with his few concluding liues,
which indicate just the spirit in which such inveHtigations as hie must be
carried on if they are to have any satisfactory result: —
" Hf pleasant task has placed me under iresh obligations to old and tried Mends,
(batered pleasant relations with new ones, and neces^tated delightful inapections of
many beantitiil objecte. Farther lights will break in upon such a anbject ; and it is
not one which can reailily be dismiased from eooaideration, accessory aa it ia to the
personal and territorial history of a seqaeoce of nobles, who, if they did often choose
the unsafe, if not unpopular, side in the current of events, were, even in their faalla,
the aame magnificent and aDselBah race that they have been in the sunshine of wealth
and power."— (pp. 226, 226.)
28 [July,
DTJGD ALE'S VISIT ATIOT^ OF YORKSHIRE ».
We noticed briefly a short time since ^ the latest publication of the
Surtees Society, " The Visitation of the County of York," which was
made by Sir William Dugdale in 1665-6. It has been long known that
this manuscript is the finest and the most complete among all the Visi-
tations in the Heralds* College, and having since had an opportunity of
examining the reprint at our leisure, we gladly devote some farther space
to so valuable and interesting a record.
The manuscript from which this volume was in the first instance tran*
scribed is in the valuable library of Miss Currer, who placed it at the dis-
posal of the Surtees Society with her accustomed liberality. It has not
been collated with the original in the Heralds* College, but we cannot think
that we have lost much by the omission. The original, doubtless, would
have supplied the signatures of the gentlemen who entered their pedigrees,
and it would also have corrected some patent errors in the text. Where-
ever we have tested the Surtees volume with ancient evidences its accuracy
has been fully established, and the MS. from which it has been taken is of
such high and undoubted authority that we cannot but look upon it with
very great respect.
Miss Currer*s MS. is partly in the handwriting of Sir William Dugdale
himself, but the greater part of the volume, text and arms, is the handy-
work of his pupil and companion, the well-known Gregory King. In 1677
Sir William gave it to Sir Henry St. George ; after his death it passed
through various hands, till at last it found a resting-place in the magnificent
library of the late Sir M. M. Sykes. When that splendid collection was
dispersed in 1824, it was purchased for a very large sum by Miss Currer.
Mr. Davies* endeavour has been to present to the members of the Surtees
Society a faithful transcript of the MS. which was entrusted to him, and to
this plan he has honestly adhered. A few errors have thereby been re-
tained, but they are so obvious that any one who has the slightest acquaint-
ance with the history of the county cannot fail to detect them. We could
have wished to have seen the arms of each family engraved, but this under-
taking was, we presume, considered a stupendous and costly task, as indeed
it would have been : instead of a cut, therefore, we have a description of
each bearing, and this description, together with the rest of his editorial
work, has been done by Mr. Davies with faithfulness and ability.
Mr. Davies has given a slight sketch of the progress of Sir William
through the broad county of York, with Gregory King for his companion.
The whole journey was performed on horseback, through rough roads and
a <i
The Visitation of the County of Yorke, begun in 1665 and finished in 1666.
By William Dugdale, Esq., Norroy King of Armes." Pablished for the Surtees Sodetj
by George Andrews, Durham, and may be obtained through any bookseller, price SOk
b See GsKT. Mag., May, 1860, p. 500.
3
I860.] Dug day 8 Visitation of Yorkshire. 29
over moor and moss. We can see them stopping with their note-books at
every old house on their way, and going into every church to pry about for
inscriptions, achievements, and arms. Their discoveries in this way are
still preserved in the Heralds' College. The whole of the county seems to
have been mapped out into districts, and the gentry were summoned to
meet the herald at some particular place. We can well imagine the scene
in the wainscoted parlour of the little country inn : —
"... before him lay a dusty heap
Of aocient legers, books of evidence,
Old blazoned pedigrees and antique rolls.'*
And yet, as a rule, there are not many of the pedigrees recorded by Dug-
dale which shew that ancient authorities had been called in to prove them.
Some three or four generations, on the average, are entered by many of the
gentry, and it is amusing to observe how their memory seems occasionally
to have failed them when Christian names were required at the distance of
only two or three generations.
When we compare this Visitation with that \^hich was made in 1612, we
are greatly struck by the vast increase of families entitled to wear arms.'
There are no less than 472 pedigrees recorded by Dugdale, and there were
many others, doubtless, which might have been admitted by him. In spite
of the troublous times, fortunes had been made and estates purchased ; and
we cannot help observing how many of the great families of Yorkshire have
for their founders successful traders. Many of the large towns in the West
Biding were at that time merely country villages, but York, Beverley, and
Hull were great marts of commerce, and it was there that the wealthiest
merchants lived and prospered. There are very few of the Yorkshire
houses, however exclusive they may have become, that have not been con-
nected, some time or other, with trade. But why should they be ashamed
of ascribing their present stability to the fruits of honourable labour ?
The Civil Wars were a great blow to the Yorkshire gentlemen, and if
they had not occurred, the Visitation made by Dugdale would have been
much larger than it is. We gather from it much valuable information re-
specting that eventful period. With a few exceptions, most of the esquires
of Yorkshire were on the king's part, and the fines which some of them
were compelled to pay were enormous. But this partizanship cost many of
them their lives, and we can form from the Visitation some idea of their suf-
ferings. Sir Eichard Hutton, the son of the judge, was killed at Sher-
burne. Sir Jervase Cutler died within the castle of Pontefract whilst the
rebels were beleaguering it, having begged that he should be laid under a
stone inscribed with the simple word Besurgam, The head of the great
house of Constable died at Scarborough. Sir John Girlington was killed
at Melton Mowbray, and his wife was taken prisoner at Preston in 1643.
Members of the families of Pudsey, Tempest, Plumpton, Meynell, Stapleton,
Oascoigne, Vavasor, Gower, Metcalfe, Dalton, Hungate, Metham, and
GsKT. Mag. Vol. CCIX. e
80 Dugdale^s Visitation of Yorkshire. [Joly*
Slingsby died upon the field of battle. Sir Richard Graham was sorely
wounded at Marston, and rode away ^om the field to his house at Norton -
Conyers, but there is no truth in the story that he died as soon as he
reached his home. Thomas Bradley, canon K)f York, who records his pedi-
gree, lost his preferments, and Walker pit3ringly tells us that in the midst of
his troubles he was '^ forced to eat puddings made of boars' blood/* What
a lamentable fate for a man who had married a daughter of Lord Savile !
The lady was famous for wearing a veil before her face day and night, hav»
ing made a vow that no EngH^man should ever see her hice. At the siege
of York in 1644 many remarkable incidents took place, and Sir Philip
Monckton, who fought at Marston lill he was obliged to hold his bridle with
his teeth, has shewn that he could wield the pen as well as the sword. One
of the hardest struggles of the siege was on Trinity Sunday. St. Mary*s
tower, the great charter-house of the North, was blown up, and a rush made
into the city, which was repelled with great loss. Sir Philip Byron fell on
the king's part, together with Colonel Huddleston, one of seven brothers, all
of whom took up arms for King Charles. A short time after this pame the
disastrous fight on Marston Meor, where numy of the Yorkshire gentry lost
their lives. Sir William Wentworth, Sir Charles Slingsby, and Sir Thos.
Metham died on that disastrous field. We can weH imagine the dismay and
confusion with which the defeated army would roll into the still lo3ral city of
York. There are one or two romantic incidents connected with the battle-
field. Sir Charles Lucas, himself a prisoner, was desired to point out any
of the slain whom he desired to be honourably interred : he only picked out
one. His name is not told to us, but there was a love-token on his wrist,
a bracelet of hair, and Sir <DhaTles begged it for a lady who he knew would
value it. On the morning after the battle a daughter of the house of
Trappes came over from Nidd to search the battle-field for the body of her
husband, Charles Towneley. She told her story on the field to an ofiicer,
who pityingly begged her to leave the place, and sent a trooper to escort
her homewards. That officer was Cromwell. A diflerent tale is told of his
reception at Ripley Castle by Lady Ingleby. He, much against her will,
was her guest for a night, but she bade him and his soldiers behave them-
selves with propriety, and sat watching the General during the whole night
with a brace of pistols in her girdle.
Men of letters, also, are fairly represented in the Visitation. Roger
Dodsworth is there, to whose unrecognised exertions Dugdale owes so
much of his own fame. We miss Edward Fairfax the poet, hut we find
Charles Fairfax of Menston, the cousin, in blood and taste, of the good
Lord Fairfax. We have Robert Wittie of York, the disputatious and
pedantic physician, who could sing of the raptures of the gout, which he
professed to cure. The Richardsons, the Currers, and good Bishop Heber
are all represented in their ancestors. There is a pedigree of the Drakes,
who for several generations made some little name in the annals of litera*
I860.] Dugdale^s Visitation of Yorkshire. 31
ture ; we have also the collector Hopkinson^ and Nathaniel Johnstone, the
Pontefract antiquary, with his long Scottish pedigree. We have also, and
we were pleased to find it, the first glimpse, in print, of the pious and
excellent Thoreshy, who appears in the tree of his ancient house, heing then
but six years of age. Nor must we forget another worthy who meets us
here. Sir Thomas Herbert, the distinguished royalist and traveller. There
is no one of all that we have mentioned that we should like to see more
than Sir Thomas : with what pleasure and interest we should listen to the
story of his checquered life I We should inspect with some little curiosity
the chess-board of Henry VIII. that he possessed, and on which that hot-
tempered monarch would generally be allowed to win ; but we should gaze
with much greater interest upon another treasure, which Sir Thomas very
greatly prized, the silver clock which was given to him by hi& imfortunate
master, Charles I., on the morning of his execution.
Graver thoughts are suggested whea we consider the changes in names
and estates which the difierent Visitations bring before us. What changes
does a single century efiect ! At the commencement of the sixteenth cen-
tury the EitzwiUiams were the most numerous and influential family in
Yorkshire ; in 1665 no one of that name appears at the Visitation. Names
great and potent in the previous century were at that time extinct or
nncared for. The Gargraves had ended in disgrace, and a cloud had fallen
over the fair house of Calverley. The Constables, the Gascoignes, and the
Stapletons wefe not what they once were. The Wycliflfes of Wyclifie
were gone ; the Rokebies were sinking under their debts ; the glories of
the house of Lascelles had been scattered by a spendthrift ; the rich
lands of Ingmanthorp had passed away from the ancient family of Roos,
and one of the last of that house was obliged to glean in harvest-time for
her subsistence. Another member of that family was in 1612 a blacksmith
at Hull, and yet without any shame he boldly brings his evidences before
the heralds, and enters his pedigree in that year. The Talbots were now
going, verifying to the last the old prediction, that there should alternately
be a fool and a wise man at their head. Nearly two hundred years have
elapsed since Dugdale visited Yorkshire, and during that period what a change
has passed over the gentry of the county. We doubt very much whether
there are fifty gentlemen in Yorkshire who can connect themselves, without
having recourse to a female line, with the families that existed in Dugdale^^s
time. Of the many peers who are connected with Yorkshire by blood
or property^ not more than five or six can do this. Among the gentry
there has been a complete revolution. Some of the fine old houses are
still flourishing, and long may they flourish, for it is a pleasure to know
that old families continue, when so many change. We still have the
Dawneys in the youthful Lord Downe and his brothers. The Hothams,
the Palmes's, the Creykes, the Boyntons, the Meynells, the Tempests, the
Saltmarshes, the Worsleys, the Caylej^s, the Legards, and the Huttons,
82 Lugdale^a Visitation of Yorkshire. [July*
are still flourishing. The ancient house of Waterton is represented by the
well-known naturalist ; Grimston will probably have a Grimston for its
owner as long as the ocean spares it ; the Hamertons still cling to the old
peel at Helifield, and the only surviving branch of the grand old house of
Scrope is still full of life and energy, and is striving, even now, for the lost
coronet of Wiltshire. But if these and some others remain to us, how
many have been lost since Dugdale made his Visitation ! To take one class
only as a specimen. We are not understating the truth when we say
that at least fifty baronetcies have become extinct in Yorkshire during the
last two centuries. The latter days of some of them have indeed been
dark. The story of Sir Solomon Swale, of Swale Hall in Swaledale, his
misfortunes and his pride, need only be mentioned to be remembered. The
last of the Herberts died in great poverty, a pensioner upon the bounty of
the Brights of Badsworth, who have also disappeared. What did he
do with the chess-board and the silver clock } The last of the Reresbys of
Thribergh, a notorious gambler and spendthrift, died at last the tapster in
the Fleet prison. He was passionately fond of cock-fighting, and, as the
story goes, he staked and lost the estate of Dennaby upon a single main !
Sir Harry Goodrick is not yet forgotten. He was a canon of York, and
we know not what else, but was also a sporting character. The '' Annual
Register" for 1801 says of him, "He kept many fine race-horses, but,
in respect for his clerical character, he always run them in the name of
some other gentleman !" We have heard of the following epitaph which
was composed for him, and which is too good to be omitted : —
" By the box and the turf still surrotuided,
Tho' finished his ultimate race,
A knowing divine here lies grounded
Till called to his own proper place.
" To decide would he wholly unfitting
Of Styx whether that side or this,
For if lihadamanthus he sitting.
Enough — coram judice lis."
We could say much more about this most interesting volume, which is so
suggestive and so authentic. Nothing half so valuable in its way has ever
been published about Yorkshire. No one, without perusing it, can have
the slightest idea of the novelty and the value of the information that it
contains. Every Yorkshire gentleman and every Yorkshire library ought
to possess it. There is not a landowner in the county who will not find
something in it relating either to his family or his estate. And here he
has an authentic record and not guess-work, genealogy and not fiction.
We must again tender our thanks to the Surtees Society for enabling us
to peruse so interesting a volume, and we trust that the Society, by a large
accession of members, will be enabled to carry out with still greater energy
what it proposes to do for the North of England, and especially for
Yorkshire.
I860.] 33
GLEANINGS PROM WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
A Leotubb dslitebed to the Royal Institute of British Abchiteots, hy
Geobge Gilbebt Scott, A.B.A.
(Concluded from Vol, ccYUi^p, 584.)
The entries found by Mr. Burtt are, for the most part, of a somewhat
general character ; but it is stated in the Pipe Rolls that further particulars
have been sent in to the Treasury. These bills of particulars have, it is
feared, been for the most part lost ; but Mr. Burtt has succeeded in finding
one complete one for about half a- year (probably 1253), which is of so
interesting a character that [we hope to publish it, with notes, in continua-
tion of this series of papers]. It is a perfect bill of quantities of the work
done during twenty-five weeks, giving the names and measurements of
every moulding, and every detail of the work, and will form a very curious
and interesting illustration of the architectural nomenclature of the period.
Attached to it are two amusing little letters from the quarry-master at
Purbeck, promising ship-loads of marble, and begging for speedy orders on
the ground of other pressing business.
The notices I have adverted to in the Fabric Bolls of the works from
Eklward III.'s time onwards are also very detailed, and give curious par-
ticulars as to the mode of employing men at that time. They appear to
have been fed and clothed by the employer, and the clothing would appear
to be by no means to be complained of. In one year we have an entry of
15s. (equal to eight or ten pounds) for a fur robe for the chief mason ; but
another year nothing entered for his robe, because this independent gentle-
man " refused to receive it on account of the delay in its delivery."
Going back to the earlier accounts, I may mention that extensive works
appear to have been going on at the same time in the palace and its chapel,
including a great deal of decorative painting ; also that the belfry of the
Abbey was being built, which, I think, stood somewhere westward of the
church, and of which, I believe, that some remains existed at a somewhat
recent date.
The outlay upon the Abbey during the first fifteen years of the work,
would, if translated into our money value, considerably exceed half-a-
million. I must not, however, follow up these details on the present
occasion.
I have dwelt so long upon the fabric that I must content myself with
a cursory notice of a few of the internal contents of the church, to which
I chance to have paid particular attention.
That most remarkable work, the Shrine of the Confessor, has been so
84 Gleanings from Westminster Abbey. [July,
largely dwelt upon before the Institute, when the subject wfts brought
forward a few years back by Professor Donaldson, that it would be super-
fluous to go again into the rainutiee of the investigation, to which I devoted
a great amount of time, and was ably followed up by my talented friend
Mr. B urges.
I will content myself with a summary of results.
Shortly afler my appointment to the Abbey, in 1849, I was led, owing
to a visit paid to the church by Le P^re Martin with myself and some
members of the Ecclesiological Society, to devote a good deal of attention
to ascertaining, so far as possible, the ancient form of the shrine ; the re-
sults of which I gave in a correspondence with a leading member of that
Society. I removed the brick wall which then blocked up the west end,
and exposed the marks shewing where the altar had been fixed, and came
to the conclusion that the pillars now at that end were formerly detached,
and probably carried lights. Probably they were the * feet' which King
Henry IIL is said to have given for certain lamps to be burned before the
shrine.
The retabulam occupies, as I ascertained, its proper position, excepting
that it has been lifted three inches above its original level, a fact proved by
its intercepting the space required for the completion both of the ancient
and the more modern inscriptions, for neither of which there is now
sufficient room.
The front and what is seen of the back of the retabulura, being deco-
corated with mosaic, and the edge left plain, it follows that the latter
must have been more or less concealed. I judge, therefore, that the
detached pillars must have been placed very close to them.
Extracts have been kindly communicated to me by Mr. John Gough
Nichols, from diaries kept during the days of Queen Mary, shewing that
the body of the Confessor had been removed, and the shrine wholly
or in part taken down at the dissolution, but restored in Queen Mary's
time, when the present wooden shrine, the cornice, the modem in-
scription, and the painted decorations were added. I am inclined to
think that the marble substructure was only taken down far enough to
allow of the removal of the body, as its parts have been displaced in
refixing so far down as that, but no further. The altar either had not been
removed, or was probably re-erected at the same time, and was, I think,
not removed again till the Great Rebellion, being needed at coronations, on
which occasions a table has since been substituted under the old name of
'' the altar of St. Edward." I found at the back of where the altar has
stood a slab, apparently taken from some monument of the seventeenth
century, which confirms this idea. There is, in Abbot Litlington's Service-
book in the Library, in the initial of the Service for St. Edward's day,
a view of the shrine, though I fear an imaginary one. The substructure is
speckled over to represent the mosaic work, but the seven arched recesses
I860.] Gleanings from Westminster Abbey. 85
for pilgrims to kneel under, which really occupy two sides and an end, are
all shewn on one side ! The shrine itself is shewn lower than was usual,
and a recumbent figure of the Confessor is shewn on its sloping covering.
I will only add that I opened the ground round the half-buried pillars at
the west end, and found them to agree in height with those at the east,
which they so muoh exceed in diameter, and that I have been so fortunate
as to recover the broken parts of one of the eastern pillars, and to refit and
refix its numerous fragments with the help of one new piece of only a few
inches in length, so that we have now one perfect pillar.
In connexion with the shrine I will allude to a little discovery which I
have shewn to many, I dare say, now present. There is a sarcophagus-
shaped slab in the floor immediately to the east of the shrine, which is said
to commemorate a son of William de Valence who died young. The cross
and inscription are nearly obliterated, but its eastern end is covered by the
step to the tomb of King Henry V. A very painstaking friend and
assistant of mine (Mr. Irvine), in examining the point of junction between
the step and the slab, perceived signs of some substance being inlaid into
the latter. I obtained permission to remove a portion of the step, when
we found that the slab had been inlaid with brass and glass-mosaic, and
was, no doubt, executed when the shrine was in hand.
A large portion of the pavement before the altar was executed by
Roman workmen, and with materials brought from Rome by Abbot Ware,
about 1267 or 1268. Of the curious inscription, a part giving the list
of those concerned in the work is still legible, being '' Tertius Henricus
urbs Odoricus et Abbas.'* Odoricus being the artist, and " urbs" of course
means Rome, as is proved by Ware's own epitaph, which says, when
speaking of these stones, '* quos hue portavit ctb wrhey
It is curious that both in the monuments inlaid with glass-mosaic, and in
the pavements in which the inlaying matericd is chiefly porphyry, the
artists, as a thing of course, adopted, as the matrix, Purbeck marble in
place of the white marble they were accustomed to use in Italy.
The tomb of King Henry III. is too well known to need description
here, but that of some of his children and grandchildren in the south aisle
is but little noticed ; indeed, its Italian forms so much resemble those of
a modern monument that it usually passes for one.
Taking the tombs of the Confessor, of Henry III. and his daughter,
and of young De Valence, in connexion with the pavement before the
high altar, and that of the Confessor's Chapel, I should doubt whether — I
will not say any church north of the Alps — but, I may almost say, whether
any country north of the Alps, contains such a mass of early Italian deco-
rative art ; indeed, the very artists employed appear to have done their
utmost to increase the value of the works they were bequeathing to us by
giving to the mosaic work the utmost possible variety of pattern.
Another object which does not receive the attention it deserves is the
86 Oleanings from Westminster Abbey, U^Yi
retabulum from the high altar, now preserved in a glass case in the south-
eastern aisle.
It is a very wonderful work of art, being most richly decorated with
glass, gold, and painting, and probably with precious stones, and even
with casts of antique gems. The glass enrichments are of two sorts ; in
one the glass is coloured, and is decorated on its face with gold diaper ; in
the other it is white, and laid upon a decorated surface. The great charm,
however, of the work must have been in the paintings. They consist of
single figures, in niches, of our Lord and SS. Peter and Paul, and two fe-
male saints, and a number of small medallion subjects beautifully painted'^.
Kext to the Italian tombs, one of the most interesting is that of William
de Valence. I am not aware whether any old account of this monument
exists, but I suppose we may fairly set it down as a French work, and
probably executed by an artist from Limoges, though the custom of
referring all enamel works to that particular seat of the art is not, I think,
borne out by facts ; indeed, it would appear from the old accounts that
enamels for the shrine of the Confessor were executed here, whether by an
artist from Limoges is unknown, though we know that one was employed
in England shortly afterwards.
The execution of these enamels is truly exquisite, so much so that it is
only by the closest examination that any idea can be formed of the won-
derful delicacy of the workmanship.
The monument was thus described by Keepe, 1683 : —
" A wainscot chest, covered over with plates of brass, richly enamelled,
and thereon the image of de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, with a deep shield
on his left arm, in a coat of mail with a surcoat, all of the same enamelled
brass, gilt with gold, and beset with the arms of Valence, &c. . . . Round
about the inner ledge of this tomb is most of the epitaph remaining, in the
ancient Saxon letters, and the rest of the chest, covered with brass wrought
in the form of lozenges, each lozenge containing either the arms of England
or of Valence, alternately placed one after the other, enamelled with their
colours. Hound this chest have been thirty little brazen images, some of
them still remaining, twelve on each side, and three at each end, divided
by central arches that serve as niches to enclose them ; and on the outward
ledge, at the foot of each of these images, is placed a coat of arms in brass
enamelled with the colours."
Since this time the greater part of what is above described has dis-
appeared, shewing that the spoliation of the Abbey is not generally charge-
able against the rebels, but has gone on in modern times during the con-
temptuous domination of Classic taste.
The tomb of Queen Eleanor, with its exquisitely elegant effigy, is too
* An excellent description of this work is to bo foand in Sir Charles Eastlake's
" Materials for a HUtory of Oil PainUng."
4
I860.] Oleanings from Westminster Abbey, 37
well known to need any description from me. I have had the privilege,
since my connection with the Abbey, of promoting the restoration to it of
the beautiful piece of ironwork which overhangs it, and which had been
removed in 1822. The eflSgy, with that of Henry III., was executed by
an artist named Torrell, supposed by Sir Richard Westmacott, I think,
without evidence, to be an Italian. It is one of the finest which remains
in any country.
"Were this paper devoted to the monuments alone, I would have at-
tempted a description of the tomb of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, brother
to Edward I., and of Aveline his wife. These magnificent monuments,
viewed as architectural works, seem to be intimately connected with seve-
ral cotemporary works, especially the Eleanor crosses, and the tombs of
Archbishop Peckham at Canterbury, and of Bishop de Luda at Ely, all
executed between 1290 and 1300. One of their special characteristics is
the extreme closeness with which nature is followed in their foliated carv-
ings, every portion of which is taken directly from some actual plant
with no further conventional treatment than was necessary to adapt it to
its position. These works occupy the middle position between the con-
ventional foliage of the earlier and the almost equally conventional foliage
of the later divisions of our architecture. It is, in fact, a mistake to call
the foliage, even of the later parts of the Decorated style, natural. The
use of really natural foliage is very seldom found after the end of the thir-
teenth and the few earliest years of the fourteenth century, and marks, if
I may so say, the resting-place between the conventionalism of ofproach
to the conventionalism of departure from nature ; the conventionalism of
strength and of weakness — of -vigour and of lassitude.
But the most remarkable characteristics of the two monuments is the
splendour of their decorative colouring. The figure sculpture, though
possessing considerable merit, is not so fine either as in the nearly cotem-
porary monuments of Henry III. and of Eleanor, or in the somewhat later
one of Aymer de Valence. The effigy of Edmund is, however, a very noble
and dignified work.
The adjoining tomb of Aymer de Valence is evidently an imitation of
those last described, but does not equal them either in its architecture or
its decorations, though far exceeding them in the merits of its sculpture.
I have seen no old accounts of this tomb, but I fancy that the sculpture is
French, both from a decidedly French character in the architectural carv-
ing of the niches which contain the statuettes, and from the similarity of
the statuettes themselves to some of the same period preserved in the
Hotel Cluny at Paris.
These, and the effigy itself, rank among the finest specimens of medieval
sculpture.
The tomb of Queen Philippa stands, perhaps, next to them in beauty
and interest. It is undoubtedly a foreign work, as in the account of its
asjiT. Mag. Vol. CCIX. f
88 Gleanings from Westminster Abbey. [July,
cost, still extant, it is said to have been executed by one ** Hawkin Liege,
from France." Its character seems to me rather Flemish than French, and
very possibly the artist may have been from Valenciennes, the seat of her
father's court.
The monument, as you will recollect, consists of an altar-tomb of dark
marble overlaid with niches of open-work in white alabaster. These niches
contained thirty statuettes of different personages, connected by relation-
ship or. marriage with the Queen. Nearly the whole of the tabernacle-
. work, though shewn as perfect in the prints of the early part of the last
century, has since disappeared.
The end of the tomb has been immured in the lower part of the chapel
of King Henry V., and thinking it probable that the tabernacle-work and
statuettes might remain within the enclosing masonry, I obtained permis-
sion of Dean Buckland to make an incision into it, which I found could be
done without injury to the later monument ; I was so fortunate as to find
several niches in a tolerably perfect condition, with two of the statuettes
quite perfect, and a number of fragments of others. I found also in the
tabernacle-work a most beautiful little figure of an angel with the wings of
gilt metal. The figure had lost its head, but I was so fortunate as to discover
it enveloped in a lump of mortar. I found also enough of the architectural
features to serve as a guide to the recovery of the entire design. Mr. Cundy,
the Abbey mason, made from the information thus obtained a restored re-
production of the end of the monument, which he exhibited in 1851.
One of the niches and several other portions were afterwards found to be
deposited in Mr. Cottingham's Museum, and having been purchased from
him, have been refixed in then- places.
One very curious feature in the design is a scroll like the crook of
a pastoral staff between the niches at the angles of the monument ; the
architectural details had no decorative colouring, but the foliage was gilt.
The arms were of course coloured, and the figures had beautiful patterns,
chiefiy in gold upon the draperies ; the hair was gilt, the pupils of the eyes
touched in with blue, and the lips with red. The head-dresses of the female
figures are beautifully eniiched with gold and colour. One of the heads
was unfortunately broken off while opening it out, for I should mention
that the figures were enclosed in a solid mass of rubble- work. This head
I had a cast made from, and the decoration exactly copied on it. I had also
a cast made of the angel before mentioned, and most fortunate it was that
I did so.
I afterwards most carefully replaced them with my own hands, fixing
them in their places with shellac; but, though I told no one. I had done
so, and though they were quite out of sight, I was disgusted to find, the
next time I examined the monument, that both of them had been stolen !
They were so difficult of access that this act of wanton depredation could
only have been effected by a person well acquainted with what had been
I860.] Gleanings from Westminster Abbey, 39
discovered, and that with considerable difficulty. It is most deeply hu-
miliating to think that persons capable of appreciating the value and in-
terest attached to such objects, should be so utterly lost to all sense of hon-
our and decency as to perpetrate such a deliberate robbery. I would not
go so far as to flay this wretched being, as would, perhaps, have been done
of old, but I should rejoice in the opportunity, according to the figurative
expression still extant among our rural population, of witnessing the " tan-
ning of the rascal's hide.'' If, however, what I have said should chance
to meet his eye, let him know that there is still for him a locus penitentice^
and that if he will anonymously restore what he has filched, his baseness
shall be forgotten.
I should mention that the lost head is so like that of the Queen herself,
that it is not improbable that it may have been intended for her, though
she does not appear in the imperfect list of statuettes given in the old his-
tories. The open-work of the niches over the head of the effigy itself has
been filled in with blue glass. The magnificence of the entire work may be
imagined when it is known that it contained, uhen perfect, more than
seventy statues and statuettes, besides seveml brass figures on the sur-
rounding railing.
Somewhat parallel to this, both in material and workmanship, was the
monument of John of Eltham, brother to Edward III. I shall not enter
into any description of this work, however, further than to advert to its
beautiful canopy, which is thus described by Keepe : — " A canopy covering
the whole with delicate wrought spires and mason's work, everywhere
intermixed and adorned with little images and angels, according to the
fashion of those times, supported by eight pillars of white stone, of the
same curious wrought-work."
This canopy is shewn in Dart's view of the monument, but it was taken
down about eighty years back, on the ground of insecurity. It has often
been stated that portions of it were preserved at Strawberry Hill, but I have
never been able to ascertain the truth of this. If anv one should know of
the existence of such fragments, I should be truly obliged by their inform-
ing me of them.
The original stalls of the choir seem to have been retained in a more or
less perfect state till late in the last century. They are shewn in the view
given by Dart ; and in that given in Sandford's account of the coronation of
James II. the canopies are shewn supported by single shafts. I observed,
when the new stall work was being put up in 1848, that a closet under the
organ was lined with old boards which appeared to have formed a part of
the back of the ancient stalls, for I could distinguish, by the discoloration
of the wood, the form of a trefoiled arch supported by a shaft with a band
at half its height. At a later period, on looking into this closet, I was
glad to see the boarding still there ; but, on looking into it again while
40 The Volunteer Review. [July,
preparing this paper, I found that our careful elerk of the works had
caused it to be neatly painted, so that this little memento is lost.
There remains, however, in Henry VII.'s Chapel, one of the ancient
Early English misereres, and a fragment of another has been preserved.
They have both good Early English foliage.
There is a great fund of minor subjects on which a separate paper could
be very advantageously written, but I must leave them unnoticed on the
present occasion ^. I have gone over my ground as rapidly as I was able,
but have more than doubled the allotted time, but Westminster Abbey is at
least worthy of an extra hour ; and I will only add, that I recommend all
students of Gothic architecture residing in London to devote to it every
extra hour they have at their command. London has been pretty much
denuded of its medieval remains, but like the Sybil's bookd, those which
remain are worth as much almost as the whole ; and to live in a city which,
amidst its gloomy wilderness of brick and compo, contains so glorious and
exquisite a work of original art as this, is a privilege which few other cities
could offer us. Let us make use of it.
THE VOLUNTEER REVIEW.
Ik parliamentary phrase, we are free to confess that we are more in the
habit of contemplating the past than is the fashion with some of our con-
temporaries, but it is with the view of linking the past with the present.
This was our intention some two years ago, when the completion of the
great works at Cherbourg gave rise to apprehensions in certain quarters.
We pointed out that the past history of Cherbourg was anything rather
than humiliating to England — we did not fear that it would be otherwise
for the future — and we also ventured to say, that if its monster ports ever
^ Among other things I sbould have given a description of the Coronation Chair,
and of the figures remaining in the panels of the old sedilia, commonly called the tomb of
King Scbert. The former is a truly magnificent piece of decoration, but sadly muti-
lated. The decorations are somewhat peculiar ; the whole seems to have been g^t on a
thick coating of gesso, and while still soft, the foliage, &c, to have been traced upon
the gold, and indicated merely by pricking the outline and the intervals between the
leaves. Of the eight figures in the sedilia two only remain perfect. They appear to
have been slightly touched up, but are mainly orig^naL They represent, I believe,
King Henry III. and King Sebert. The figure of King Edward the Confessor, on
the back, which is given by Malcolm in his Londinium Bedivivum, can now with
great difficulty be distinguished. The painting in the canopy of the tomb of
Richard II. ought also to have been noticed. The diapered ground is still very
perfect, but the painting of the figpires has almost entirely perished.
I860.] The Volunteer Review. 41
should launch an invading flotilla against our shores, we should not regard
all as lost, for we felt assured that England would not be found wanting to
herself, "even in this commercial, peace- at-any- price nineteenth century*.*'
The noble spectacle that was presented in Hyde Park on the 23rd of
June was a proof that we were justified in so saying. We then beheld,
with no ordinary gratification, more than 20,000 young and active men,
the representatives of 100,000 more, who, on the merest intimation of
insult to their native land, have nobly come forward with the sacrifice of
money and time, and at much personal discomfort from unpropitious wea-
ther, to qualify themselves to meet and repel any danger. It added to our
pleasure to observe, that the well-appointed troops, for they were nothing
less, were collected, not alone, or mainly, from the metropolis, but from
two-and-twenty English counties — from such distant quarters as Dorset
and Durham — Somerset and Yorkshire — Kent and Cheshire. From old
associations, it appeared quite natural to see the population of our coasts as
ready to meet an invader as they were centuries ago, but there was a par-
ticular pleasure in the demonstration aflbrded by strong bodies of armed
men from Birmingham, and Manchester and Sheffield, that no real dete-
rioration of martial spirit has followed the advance of manufactures, and
that the Peace-at-any-price party has as few partisans in those busy hives
of industry as elsewhere.
But though this muster of Volunteers from distant quarters was a wel-
come evidence of the universality of the movement and the heartiness of
those engaged in it, it must have been at a sacrifice to many that need not
be again required. Her most gracious Majesty would, we doubt not, have
pleasure in affording to her loyal subjects in the provinces, as well as in
Scotland and Ireland, the opportunity of passing before her, each on a
chosen field in their own locality.
With very questionable taste, some busy people took upon themselves to
invite a number of French musicians, visitors to this country on a mer-
cantile speculation, to be present at this great spectacle. We hope that
they truly understood it, not as a menace to their susceptible nation, not as
a threat to the Loire or the Seine, but as the evidence of a firm resolve
to keep far distant every foe from the Thames and the Trent.
• "Cherbourg, in connexion with English History." Gekt. Mag., Sept. ISSS,
p. 234 et seq.
42 [July,
Antiquarian anti fLitttnv^ Sntelltginrer*
[^CorreitpondenU are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless offreeahle, far
publication, but in order thai a copy of the Qentlehak's Magazivb containing
their Communications may he forwarded to them,']
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
May 24. The Earl Stanhope, President, in the chain
The meeting for this evening heing occupied with the election of a
Secretary in the room of J. Y. Akerman, Esq., no paper was read. The
DiBECTOB, however, exhibited a collection of casts of ancient ivories, the
formation of which was mainly owing to the exertions of Alexander
Nesbitt, Esq., F.S.A.
The ballot was then opened for the election of a Secretary, and Mr.
C. Knight "Watson, M.A., F.S.A., was found to have the unanimous vote
of the meeting. Equally unanimous was the concurrence shewn by the
meeting in the recommendation of the Council respecting the retiring
Secretary.
June 7. The Ma^hqitess of Bristol, V.-P., in the chair.
The Society met again to-day, after the Whitsun recess.
Mr. John Lothrop Motley was elected an Honorary Fellow of the So-
ciety. Mr. Motley is known as author of the " Rise of the Dutch Re«
public."
The Chairman announced to the meeting that Augustus W. Franks,
Director, had presented to the Society the entire collection (with a few
exceptions, to be replaced hereafter) of casts of ivories, of which mention
has been made above. For this munificent gift the special thanks of the
Society were then and there unanimously awarded.
Notice was then given that the ordinary meetings would be extended to
June 21, on which occasion the plate and other objects of interest be-
longing to various City Companies would be exhibited, and a description
of it given by Octavius Morgan, Esq., F.S.A., M.P.
Mr. R. Pritchett presented and exhibited to the Society four pho-
tographs of gunlocks, a class of objects which bring out very soccessfully
the resources of the camera.
George E. Street, Esq., F.S.A., wrote a letter to the Treasurer, which
by him was read to the Society, and which called the attention of all lovers
of antiquity to the threatened demolition of the Questen-hall, attached to
the south side of Worcester Cathedral. This hall is remarkable not
merely for its antiquity, but for the beauty of its details, although the
general effect is much impaired by its having been partitioned into rooms.
I860.] Society of Antiquaries, 43
In order to prevent this act of barbarism from being consummated, Mr.
Street urged the Society to send a strong protest to the Dean and Chapter,
and to consider whether it might not be desirable to contribute a grant
from the Society's funds towards its preservation. The letter was accom-
panied by sketches of the hall in question.
A resolution was passed, instructing the Secretary to write a protest
as suggested by Mr. Street, and the propriety of contributing a grant was
reserved for future consideration.
The Rev. T. Htjgk), F.8. A., exhibited letters patent addressed by Ed-
ward III. to Ralph de Salopi4, and read some remarks on the College of
Vicars attached to Wells Cathedral, to which the letters referred.
Mr. Chables Spence exhibited a bulla of Martin V.
The Mayob op Tbntebden exhibited, through the Director, two
maces belonging to the corporation of Tenterden.
The DiBECTOB then proceeded to explain to the meeting the range
and general character of the collection he had presented to the Society,
and the classification he had adopted according to periods, subjects, and
countries. He enumerated the principal works in illustration of diptychs
generally, and of these diptychs in particular, which had been published
hovEL early times down to our own day. He also stated the localities in
which the most important and valuable of these interesting specimens of
art were now to be found.
Mr. Oldeield, F.S.A., was then appealed to by the Director to give
some remarks on diptychs generally, and on the consular diptychs in par-
ticular. To this appeal Mr. Oldfield responded in a manner not less inter-
esting than instructive. He pointed out the important part which ivory
played in the history of ancient art in all countries, Assyrian as well as
Greek and Roman, and at all periods. The suggestions thrown out in
passing shewed how thoroughly Mr. Oldfield was master of his subject :
of this, however, no doubt could be entertained by those who are ac-
quainted with his treatise on Ivories in the Arundel Society's publications.
These remarks on ivories generally were followed by an account of the
particular ivories to which the speaker had been invited to direct his atten-
tion. But in the absence of the casts themselves, or of illustrations, it
would serve no useful purpose to attempt an analysis of them.
The following are a few short extracts from the letters of the Recorder
Fleetwood, read by Mr. Corner on the 29th of March last* : —
March 12, 1675-6, Fleetwood to Lord Burleigh : — "The towne of Qatesyde is a
corporate town, an ancient borough, the key of the County Pallatyne, the people
religious, godly, and good protestants, and besides, men of good wealth and very
civell of behaviour. The towne of New Castell are all papistes, save Anderson,
and yet he is so knitt in such sorte with the papistes, that aiunt aiit, neganU
■ Geitc. Mao., May, 1860, p. 476.
44 Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer. [July,
negaU I understand that the towne of Newcastell, enflamed with ambicon and
malice, sycke in a sort to join Gatesjde to the Newcastell/' which Fleetwood, as
a Member of the Commons-house, beseeches the Lord Treasurer not to allow.
In a letter dated from Bacon House, on the first Sunday after Michaelmas,
1577, he says, — ^* At the last sessions (at Newgate) were executed eighteen. It
was the quietest session that ever I was at.'*
Jvly 12, 1578. A long letter from the Recorder to the Vice-Chamberlain
(Hatton ?), as to a plot which he suspected was being hatched between the French
Ambassador that lay in Sackville House, Anthony Gwerras, Sir Baptista de Sem-
pitoro (called the king's cousin), the Bishop of Ross, certain Skotsmen, Sir
Warham St. Leger, and Sir William Morgan : — " their meetings are with their
confederates always in the summer time, behind Parris Garden, towards Lambeth
Marsh fildes, and in the winter in Gwerras' house, in the night ever without
candell light." One of these conferences being disturbed by the watch, '' Mens',
the French Embasador caused three of his men, who stood at a lane's end with
naked swordes drawn, to force who came that way to use lusty bragges ageynst
the Queue's wache. . . . The Fr. Embassador swore great othes, that he wold do
many things, and that he was a privileged person, he used himself like a moniake,
but the wache said unto him, that they knew not his dignitie nor yet his auctho-
ritie, but they told him playnly that he shold not in the night time use any
conferens in that place with any of her Majesty's subjects, without licens of her
Majesty or of her hignes counsel." The watch threatened the Ambassador to
take him over into the city to the Recorder if he would not go home, "and then
in great rage, with many othes he depted."
In auother letter to Burleigh of the same date*. — ''I went to S' Warram
St. Leger, his howse is called Chandos-place, sometyme it was the Abbot of
Reding's, the lodging is very fair inwards ; I knokked very hard, but no man
wold spcake." Finding he could not get in, and taking a sculler to look at the
house from the water, and seeing no light, he sculled over to Parris Garden,
where he found the watch set. " The place is so darke, being shadowed with
trees, that one man cannot see another except they have lynceos octdos, or else
' catt's eyes.'. . . It is the same place I found ten Scotts, dependent on the bishop
of Roos, where, if I had not had my long sworde, the Skotts with their bass
swordes had cut me in peaces . . . this is the bower of conspiracy, it is the college
of male counsell. There be certain virgulta, or aightes of willoos, sett by the
Thames nere that place ; they grow now exceding thick, they are a notable
covert for confederates to shrowd in."
■ Mat/ 2, 1582. Letter from the Recorder to Lord Burleigh : — ^ Truly my good
lord I have not leasure to eat my meat, I am so called upon. I am, at the least,
the best part of one hundred nights in the year abroad in searches. I never reste,
and when I serve her Majesty, then I am for the most part the worst spoken of.
. . . My good lord, for Christ's sake, be such a meane for me as that, with credit,
I may be removed by her Majesty from this intolerable toyle. Truly I serve in
a thankless soyle." He then appeals to Burleigh to help him to obtain the office
of a Queen s Serjeant, which, however, he did not get till ten years after the
date of this letter.
I860.] 45
AKCHITECTURAL CONGRESS AT CAMBRIDGE,
Mat 28 to 31.
Thib important gathering has been held under the presidency of
A. J. B. Bebesfobb-Hope, Esq.; W. M. Fawcett, Esq., of Jesus
College, (Secretary of the Cambridge Architectural Society,) acted as
Secretary. The proceedings of the four days briefly were : —
lit dmf, ViMt to Waltham Abbey, and lecture at Cambridge by Professor WilKs
on the Architeetimil History, of the University.
2in{ dmf, yiHt to Ely Cathedral, and conversazione in the Town Hall, Cambridge.
Srd da^, Visit to many of tbe churches and colleges of Cambridge, and lecture on
the SngBsh Cathedral of the Nineteenth Century.
4ith dmf. Virit to Bury St. Edmunds, and inspection of architeotural photography
at Sidney College.
The Congress invited gentlemen interested in the study of architecture
fcom all parts of the country, and among the visitors were the Rev. Lord
Alwyn Compton, Rev. W. C. Lukis, Rev. C. J. Myers, Rev, J, Fuller
Russell, Rev. T. W. Barlow, Rev. J. H. Cooper (former Secretary of the
Cambridge Architectural Association), Rev. A. Pownall, the Ven. Arch-
deacon Thorpe (Bristol), Rev. G. H. Hodson, Rev. H. L. Elliot, Rev.
Thos. James (Hon. Canon of Peterborough), E. A. Freeman, Esq. (Oxford),
E., B. Denison^ Esq., Q.C. ; Mr. Hart (mediseval metal worker), Mr.
J. H. Parker and Mr. Bell (publishers). The architects present were, Mr.
G, G. Scott, Mr. Street, Mr. Slater, Mr. Bodley, Mr. Burges, of London ;
and Mr. Pritohett of Bishop Stortford.
w -kr «o -^ .«« .-.-nr which he had been led into considerable
Moin>AT,.MAy 8. Meeting at Walt- . , • v j •*. j- -li .xi ^ v
. controversy, he wished it distinctly to be
understood that he had not taken up the
.Agreeably to the programme, parties subject of Waltham Abbey with the object
from Cambridge and elsewhere met visitors of maintaining any psuradox of his own as
from London at Waltham at 11 o'clock, to its date. No. doubt many people would
The very unfavourable state of the weather have read the letters on both sides in the
made the attendance but thin, notwith- Gentleman's- Maoazinb, who had not
standing which the appointed proceedings- seen his original paper in the Essex Trans-
were folly carried out. There were pre- actions. That paper, a review of which
sent, among others, A. J. B. Beresfordr gave rise to the controversy, was as much
Hope, Esq., Rev. G. Williams, Mr. E. A. historical. as architectural, and the expres-
Fr^Bman,Bev.T.W. Barlow, Mr. Parker of slon of his own opinion as to the date
Oxford, Mr. Hart, &c. The architectural of the present building was merely one
profession was represented by Mr. W. point dealt with among several The con-
Burges, Mr. Lightly, Mr. B. B. Rowe, troversy, as such controversies can hardly
and Mr. Pullan. fail to do, had brought forveard new facts,
Mr. Freeman gave a lecture upon the and led to some modification of his views,
abbey, and the recent restorations there Though he saw no reason to doubt that
by Mr. W. Burges. He said that, as he the present church was essentially the
was going to speak of a church about nave of that built by King Harold, he
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. g^
46
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[July,
waa ready to admit that it had undergone,
at the change of foundation under Henry
II., a much larger amount of alteration
than he had at first thought. The course
of the last restoration had hrought much
to light which had before been invisible,
and had brought out other points more
clearly. Moreover, he wished it to be
distinctly understood that he never pro-
fessed to have proved that the nave was
Harold's work. All that he had ever
maintained was that there was a strong
presumption that way, a presumption
strong enough to carry our belief till any
direct arg^ument is brought to upset it,
but which such direct argument might
upset at any time. He certainly thought
that of the arg^uments he bad as yet seen
brought, none had that effect, but he
freely allowed that his case was at any
time liable to be upset by fresh cUsooveries.
When Eadmer distinctly tells us thai?
Lanfranc rebuilt Canterbury Cathedral in
seven years, when Gervase distinctly tells
us that the church built by Lanfranc con-
sisted of a nave, choir, transepts, and three
towers, there can be no doubt about the
matter; no sophism can affect such di-
rect testimony as that. But at Waltham
we have no such direct testimony. The
local writers do not say, "Harold built
a nave to his church, and that nave is
now standing." That would be direct
and unanswerable proof. What the two
main writers and one of the twelfth cen-
tury, another early in the thirteenth,
do, is this, their lang^uage does not di-
rectly state, but it seems to take for
gpranted that Harold's church was stand-
ing when they wrote ; their language is
more natural and intelligible on such a
supposition, and there is no direct evi-
dence the other way. The case is the
same with the general chroniclers. The
building of the church by Harold, the
change of foundation by Henry, are re-
corded by many of them; a rebuilding
during the Romanesque period is nowhere
recorded. This is the state of the case ;
a very strong presumption indeed, but
nothing more.
The early history of the church is well
known. Toni the Proud, who was lord of
the place in the time of Cnut, first built a
church for the reception of a miraculous
cross said to have been found in the neigh-
bourhood, and g^ve an endowment for two
priests. It is evident that the holy rood
of Waltham, which g^ve England her war-
cry on the field of Senlac, became a popular
object of worship and pilgrimage. £arl
Harold finding the church and its minis-
ters inadequate for their purpose, rebuilt
the church in a manner whose magni-
ficence is greatly extolled by the local
writers, gave it many rich gifts and orna-
ments, and increased the i^all foundation
of Toni to one for a dain and twelve
canons. No one should be misled by the
later name of the church and town, Walt-
ham Abbey. Harold founded no abbey,
and the notion that he did so has led to
utter misconception of the history. Harold
built a splendid church, richly endowed it,
and put it into the hands of secular priests.
His was no gift of a weak superstition
wrung by threats and importunity firom a
dying sinner, it was the willing offering
of a man in the prime of life and in the
height of power. The deliberate prefer-
ence of the secular to the regular clergy,
and that in a time when the reigning
king was himself almost a monk, and the
careful provision made for schools and
teachers, shew that Earl Harold was a
wise and thoughtful as well as a bountiful
founder. The whole history of the founda-
tion is something totally different f^om
that of a monastery. In the case of
a monastery, the charter of foundation
which creates the society is the first step,
the erection of the church and other
buildings follow gpradually, and the conse-
cration is always later, and sometimes a
good many years later, than the founda-
tion. But at Waltham the consecration
came first and the foundation after. The
church was consecrated May 3, 1060, a
day whose eight hundredth anniversary
was a few weeks past solemnly celebrated
by the re-opening of the restored church,
but the foundation charter does not bear
date till 1062. Doubtless, Harold first
rebuilt the church, which was the most
pressing need, and then settled the details
of his foundation and endowmeDi. Thii
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
4.7
foundation of Harold's for secular canons
lasted till 1177, when Henry II. changed
the college into an abbey of reg^ular canons
of the order of St. Aogostine, the then
dean, Guy the Red, who plays a part on
the king's side in the history of St. Thomas
of Canterbury, being bribed to resign by a
gift of some of the college manors as his
private property. Between Harold and
Henry, the college suffered a good deal of
spoliation at the hands of the first Norman
kings, but afterwards found a patroness in
Queen Adeliza, the widow of Henry I.
In Stephen's time, in the qnarrels between
her husband William of Albini and the
rival house of Mandeville, the canons'
houses were burned, but the local writer
expressly adds that the church was not
hurt. Henry II., according to the local
history, added all the necessary conventual
buildings, that is, the refectory, dormitory,
cloister, Ac, which were not wanted while
the canons lived in their separate houses.
Oervase also mentions that he at first
ordered the church to bo rebuilt, but that
afterwards he introduced the monks into
the old church. The building, however,
shows that a considerable repair was car-
ried out at this time. The Pipe Rolls of
this reign contain several entries for build-
ing stone at Waltham, some being for
" works," and others for " repairs," that
is clearly the repairs of the church and the
erection of the conventual buildings.
From these historical notices Mr. Free-
man contended that there was a strong
historical presumption that the existing
building was really the nave of the church
consecrated in 1060. The only passage
which had been quoted the other way
was a single, evidently corrupt, and utterly
unconstruable passage in the Liber de In-
venHanef which spoke of the "status fabri-
candi ecdesise" at some time during the
twelfth century. But this was in con-
nexion with a "translation" of Harold's
body, and therefore, whatever the change
was, applied only to the choir which con-
tained the tomb. Some friends of Mr.
Freeman's, who held with him that the
nave was Harold's, thought that they im-
plied a rebuilding of the choir on a larger
scale, like Conrad's choir at Canterbury.
This might be so; but he thought the
expression would be satisfied by some
much smaller change, and that, with the
full local histories we have, so g^eat a
work as rebuilding the choir would hardly
be left to be recorded in a mere incidental
allusion. Still, however this may bo, it
could prove nothing as to the date of the
nave, which was the point at issue between
him and his adversary in the Gbktlb-
MAN'S Magazikb. He then turned to
the architectural argument. It was said
that the architecture was too advanced
to bo so early as 1060. He asked his
hearers to confine their attention for a
while to the pier-arches only. He must
beg them to carefiiUy remember that the
present controversy has nothing to do with
the old question about Anglo-Saxon, or
what he would rather call Old-English,
architecture. Waltham, whether built by
Harold or no, was undoubtedly built in
the Norman, and not in the Anglo-Saxon
variety of Romanesque. He believed it to
be a specimen of the novum camposUionit
geiMu which, according to William of Mal-
mesbury, was introduced by Eadward the
Confessor in the contemporary church of
Westminster. It was argued that if Ead-
ward and Harold built Norman, it must
have been very rude and early Norman.
William of Malmesbury, writing about
1130, when the Norman style was at its
zenith, clearly thought otherwise ; he tells
us that Eadward's church was stdll looked
upon as the g^eat model of architecture
when he wrote. We are told, indeed, to
look at the remains of Eadward's building
at Westminster, and to compare them
with Waltham, but it was not fiur to
argue from the substructure of a dormi-
tory to the interior of a minster. More-
over, Eadward's work, though very plain,
can hardly be called rude, and the only
window that remains, one in the dormi-
tory itself, is very much like any other
Norman window. For his own part, he
thought that the passage in William of
Malmesbury distinctly showed that no
great change in architecture took place
between 1060 and 1130. He thought
that mistakes were often made by assum-
ing that rich Norman was necessarily later
48
Auiiquttrian and Literary IrUeVigencer.
[July,
than pkdn Norman. No such rale was
accepted in any other style ; plainer Early
English, Decorated, or Perpendicular work
was often later than richer work of the
same kind. Indeed, he thought that the
rule was specially inapplicable to Norman
architecture. It was a peculiarity of the
Romanesque style that it could dispense
*with all ornament, and could dispense
with it best in the largest buildings.
Hence he believed that the amount of
ornament in a Norman church had really
more to do with the size of the church
than with its date. Waltham is a church
of moderate scale, its grand and massive
composition and its great relative height
give it an effect of greater size than it
really possesses ; its nave is only -100 feet
long. It ifi, therefore, richer than the g^reat
cathedrals and abbeys, and plainer than
the highly finished parish churches of the
style. The notion that rich work must
be later than plain, because the chisel was
unknown till late in the twelfth century.
Is a mere misconception of a single passage
in Qervase. That writer says nothing of
the general use of the axe and the chisel ;
he merely speaks of their use in one par-
ticular part of one particular church. He
•ays that the capitals of the pillars in the
old choir at Canterbury were cut with the
axe ; those in the new, very beautiful Co-
rinthianizing capitals, as every one knows,
were cut with the chisel. This is a very
slight foundation for a general theory,
and, after all, the question either way did
not effect the Waltham pier-arches, which
could certainly have been wrought with
the axe.
The true test of age, Mr. Freeman argued,
was not richness or plainm^s, but real ad-
vance in principle. The square section
was the ideal perfection of Romanesque ;
its proper decoration was surface molding
cut upon it : the introduction of large rolls,
and, still more, of hollows, departed from
the ideal purity of the style, and when
done to any g^eat extent, was a sign
of incipient transition from Romanesque
to Gothic Since the controversy about
Waltham began, Mr. Freeman had b^^,
and intended to go on, examining every
. large Norman church he could, and com-
paring it with Waltham. In his present
journey he had examined the cathedral
and monastic chnrelMa ef Norwich, Wy-
mondham, Binham, Peterborough, and
Crowland. These stretch over a whole
century, from about 1090 to about 1190;
some are plainer than Waltham, some are
richer. But in every case the pier-arches
are more advanced in principle than those
at Waltham. At Waltham the section is
perfectly square, the ornament which on
one order of each arch is a peculiar kind
of ehevron, unique as fiir as Mr. Freeman
•knew, is all surface omaqient not affect-
ing the section. Bat in all the other five,
rolls and hollows are introduced, more or
less extensively according to the earlier
or later date of the building. Had the
Waltham controversy concerned the pier-
arches only, he suspected it would never
have arisen.
The speaker then pointed out the
parts of the chuFch which he attributed
to Henqr II.'s repair. The chief were
four clerestory windows on the north nde^
where the mouldings are much more ad-
vanced, approaching the form of the tooth
moulding, and the arch between the sonth
aisle and south transept, which has an ad-
vanced section with rounds and hollows,
but which rests most anoomfortably on
earlier-looking jambs, which seem to have
nothing to do with it. The windows near
it seem also of later date, and Mr. Free-
man suggested that the whole transept
might have been rebuilt or added by
Heniy. He also pointed out the north
doorway into the destroyed ddster and
some other smaller .portions as probably
introduced at the same repair. At some
distance to the north of the door is the
only remaining part of Henry's conven-
tual buildings, two bays of a vaulted
substructure which were afterwards visit-
ed by the party*. Mr. Freeman had not
hitherto mentioned the triforium and the
remainder of the clerestory. These he
himself should have no difficolty in be-
lieving to be Harold's work ; but they
had a slightly later look than the pier-
• [This work appeared to manj of the party to
be later than the time of Henry II.— Ed, See
p. 61.]
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
49
arches. Without hollows, and with no-
thing to be called a roll, they still ex-
hibited a small bead on the edge, which
to(^ slightly awQiy from the sternly square
section of the arches below. He had al-
ready offered, and would now offer again,
to divide the territory in dispute. If his
adversary could allow the pier*arches to
be Harold's, he would not deny that the
triforium and elerestory might possibly be
a later addition. This view might perhaps
reconcile the argument on both sides ; it
might not be quite ineonsistent with the
language of the Waltham writers. The
pier-arches are the real essence of a
church ; if they remain, it is not a new
church, it is the old church, with however
great additions or changes. If Harold's
pier-arches remained, it was still Harold's
church. On the other hand, the building
of the triforium and elerestory would far
more than satisfy the utmost that could
be made out of the passage about *' status
fabricandi ecclesise." This offer, however,
he made purely through love of peace,
and in hope of agreement, not being at
all constrained thereto by any strength
of argument the other way. One thing
more remains to be sud about the Roman-
esque church. Much stress had been laid
on certain appearances on the south side,
which were held to shew that the different
bays of the nave were not built exactly
at one time, but with certain breaks or
intervals. If this were so, it really proved
very little, and nothing at all as to the date
of the building. But this was the sort of
pmnt on which Mr. Freeman said he never
trusted his own unassisted judgment, and
he believed Professor Willis was the only
amateur who could safely venture to do
so. On these purely constructive points
he always took the opinion of professional
architects. He had examined the building
in company with Mr. Burges, the archi-
tect of the restoration, and also with no
less a person than Mr. Scott himself, and
the opinion of both of them was, that
these appearances need not imply any dif-
ference of date between the several bays,
but might easily have been caused by the
settlement which had clearly taken place
on that side of the church. Considering
all these points, Mr. Freeman still held
that the strong historical presumption
that the present church was entirely Ha-
rold's building had not been set aside by
any of the arguments brought against it,
though, as it was only -a presumption, he
freely admitted that It mi^ht yet be set
aside by some argument yet to be dis-
covered.
Mr. Freeman then said that the re-
maining history of the church did not
bring in any points of controversy. We
learn ttom Matthew Paris that a conse-
cration of the church took place in 1242,
which implied a rebuilding of the choir
in the Early English style. This we may
almost certainly conclude was connected
with some of those disputes which con-
stantly occurred when a church was used
in common by the monks and the parish.
The nave of the minster at Waltham was
the parish church, and ^remuns as such ;
it had its own separate high altar in the
present position, and the wall behind with
its two doorways is evidently its reredos,
only carried up after the destruction of
the choir so as to entirely block up the
arch. Probably this arrangement was
made in 1242. Up to that time the
monks' stalls would be under the central
tower, and the nave would be common
property.
The nave would now be blocked off as
the parish church, the two eastern bays
forming its separate choir; the monks'
choir would be removed into the new and
large eastern limb, the strictly monastic
church, and the central tower bo left as a
kind of barrier between them. There is
no record of these particular arrangements
at Waltham, but the phenomena (pointing
to them) are oonunon to Waltham with
many other churches, and the whole pro-
cess stands on record in the cases of
Wymondham and Dunster, which Mr.
Freeman quoted at length. He then
continued more briefly with the later
history. In the course of the fourteenth
century a strange and barbarous attempt
was made to recast the whole design of
the interior, but happily it was given up
when it had been carried out only in a
very small part of the nave. From a com-
60
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[July,
position of three stages it was to be turned
into a composition of two only. The vault
of the aisle was destroyed, the pier-arches
were begun to be cut away, and the tri-
forium-arches, now to bo the pier-arches,
to be changed from round to pointed.
Of this horrible scheme only enough was
carried oat to enable us to judge of its
miserable effect. But during the preva-
lence of the Decorated style other altera-
tions in far better taste were made. The
design of the Norman west front included
two western towers, which seem never to
have been finished ; the architects of this
time finished the front in a very beautiful
manner, but without towers. They also
added a large and beautiful chapel, now
sadly defaced, on the south side of the
nave. This was the last alteration of any
consequence, as there is no Perpendicular
work remaining, except one or two in-
serted windows. At the Dissolution, that
part of the church which belonged to the
abbey was pulled down, but the parochial
portion of course remained untouched, and
it seems that the central tower was al-
lowed to remain also, as it fell in the reign
of Philip and Mary, on which the parish-
ioners built a new tower at the west end,
using up many fragments of ancient de-
tail of various dates, but of course utterly
destroying the beautiful Decorated west
front. The upper part of the tower is of
still later and poorer work. Mr* Freeman
then spoke in high terms of the restora-
tion lately carried out by Mr. Surges.
The old work (it was the highest praise
he could g^ve) had suffered no barm, while
the painted ceiling was exactly the sort
of covering which the building wanted.
He concluded by summing up the chief
points of historic interest attached to the
place. Even could it be shewn that no
portion of Harold's actual work remained,
Waltham Church was hardly the less in-
teresting as indirectly at least the creation
of the wise bounty of our last native king
— it was still the place whither he turned
aside to pray on his march to Senlac, and
which there can be little doubt was the
last resting-place of his lifeless body. Mr.
Freeman recapitulated the evidence with
regard to the burial of Harold, — the
strong contemporary evidence that he was
buried on the sea-coast of Sussex, and the
evidence, almost equaUy strong, that he
was buried at Waltham. He thought
that the two statements might be recon-
ciled by supposing that the body was at
first buried on the sea-coast, and after-
wards translated to Waltham, most likely
about the time of William's coronation.
This view he had worked out in his paper
in the Essex Transactions. Since then he
had seen the same view, not worked out,
but taken for granted without reference
or authority, in the earlier work of M.
Emile de Bonnechose, Les Qitatre Con-
quiies de I* Angleterre, From the cha-
racter of M. de Bonnechose's book he
thought he was hardly capable of arguing
the point out for himself; he could therefore
only suppose that some earlier scholar, as
yet unknown to him, had forestalled him
in what struck him as the only satisfactory
way of reconciling what seems at first
sight to be two contradictory stories,
resting on nearly equal authority.
Mr. J. H. Parker was sorry that he
could not agree with the opinion of Mr.
Freeman. It appeared clear to him, from
a comparison with other buildings, that the
whole of the existing work is of the twelfth
century, and that there is not an interval
of fifty years between the earliest and the
latest parts of the nave. He thought it
probable that the pier-arches were built
a few years before the superstructure, as
appeared from a set*off in the masonry
immediately over them. He considered
also that the eastern part was built rather
before the western part, but that the
whole is one design carried out by degrees
as funds were obtained, and the tower-
arch forms part of that design. There is
no material difference between the details
of the pier-arches and those of the trifo-
rium and clerestory. He pointed out on
the exterior of the wall of the south aisle
a series of steps in the rubble walling,
rising gradually from the west towards the
east, as if to support the eastern part of
the building for some time ; each of these
steps has ashlar coping to it, and upon
these at a subsequent period a wall fiu»d
with ashlar masonry has been added, which
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
51
extends only to the third bay from the
west end. He also pointed out a piece of
wall at the east end, of rubble with her-
ring-bone work, which appeared to have
belonged to an earlier church, having
Norman work built upon it and partly
encasing it. , He recapitulated the ex-
amples of the time of Henry I., which
he considered as agreeing in general
character with Waltham, i. e. St. Bar-
tholomew's, Smithfield, Christ Church,
Hants, Durham Cathedral, the ruins of
Beading Abbey, Leominster Church, Nor-
wich Cathedral, and he did not think
there could be more than twenty years'
difference between them and Waltham.
Part of the clerestory was of the time of
Henry II., but whether rebuilt or only
then completed was not clear. He men-
tioned that the twisted columns described
in the manuscript De InvetUione Cruets
are shewn by Professor Willis to have
belonged to the ciborium only, and not to
the building itsel£ The negative evidence
of the ilbmlding not being described by
the chroniclers appeared to him of no im-
portance, as the same objection would ap-
ply to hundreds of churches of the twelfth
century; when every church was being
built, the historians ceased to consider it
as a matter worthy of record. Mr. Parker
is acquainted with several buildings in
France of about the middle of the eleventh
century, and does not consider that they
agree in character with Waltham^.
Mr. Burges said that in his opinion
^ [Mr. Parko' appears to have omitted the usual
arguments against the Saxon theory, probably
cottsideriiig them as too trite to be mentioned to
such a company, but for the benefit of the general
reader we may venture to call attention to the
jointing of the masonry, as one important dis-
tinction between the work of the eleventh cen-
tury and that of the twelfth. In the work of
Edward the Confessor at Westminster the joints
of mortar between the stones are three times as
wide as those at Waltham, and there is no reason
for Uie joints being wider in the dormitory at
Westminster than in the nave at Waltham, if
they had been built at the same time ; it was the
custom of their respective ages. The form of the
capitals is another general guide. The capitals
at Waltham are twice as long as those at West-
minster, and they are scolloped; early capitals
are remarkably short and are not scolloped.—
Ed.]
Mr. Freeman had the best of the argu-
ment, for the masonry is of so simple a
character that every part of it could have
been done with an axe and pick. He be-
lieved, however, that the part now forming
the chancel, or, in other words, the two
easternmost bays of the old nave, had been
taken down and rebuilt with the old
stones. He also expressed an opinion that
both the arcade and clerestory had been
built at the same time; and he pointed
out the traces of the cloister and the lately
discovered bracket which formerly sup-
ported the vaulting. The cloister was
on the north wall of the nave. ^
Mr. Hope summed up the discussion,
and thanked the previous speakers for the
trouble they had taken to seek for an in-
telligent explanation of this moot point.
The party a(\joumed to the vaulted cham-
ber in a garden, (date about King John,
or possibly Henry II.,) thought by some
to have been the Infirmary ; the exterior
is of rubble, the interior of squared ashlar,
and the pointed bowtell occurs in the
vault-ribs. They also visited the ancient
Perpendicular gateway, abutting upon the
moat, formerly approached by a draw-
bridge; as also^ in an adjoining field, a
mediseval bridge, carried upon stone ribs ;
and then left for Cambridge, where, at
eight in the evening, a meeting was held in
the large Lecture Boom of Trinity College.
ETEKnra MsETnra.
The Congress assembled for the purpose
of hearing an opening address from the
President, and a lecture by Professor Wil-
lis on " The Architectural History of the
University." The large room was filled
with a numerous audience, and among
them were the Vice-Chancellor, the Master
of Trinity, the Master of Sidney, and
other distinguished personages, besides
gentlemen connected with the town, and
a large number of ladies. There were
suspended at one end of the room several
weU-finished diagrams, shewing the archi-
tectural history of several of the colleges.
These were made by Professor Willis, and
most clearly did they indicate the various
features associated with the design and
builcUng of the colleges.
62
JtUitptamian and Literary IrUeUigeneefi
[July,
The Presidtot, in his opening address,
commencing in the usual way, "Ladies
and Gentlemen/' said he was very glad to
say ladies and gentlemen, for it shewed
that that branch of their academic studies-
was open to those whom the members of
Trinity Collf'ge were always proud to see
within its walls. Tliat night they opened
their Architectural Congpress, and had in-
vited their friends from all parts of the
country where architecture was studied
and valued to meet- them in that good
University of theirs, where so many op-
portunities existed of studying architec-
ture in 2$L its phases, in realizing that
fabric of history whidi the pursuit of this
glorious study diewed to be realized in ourt
own days, whidi justified the expectations
of the good and baffled, the hopes of the
wicked. In these times, with such a vast
field of science, such boundless resources
of invention before us, we might have sup-
posed that past scenes would have pos-
sessed small interest, to us-; but a long
study of what had gone before had grown
up, not into a superstitious- idea of the
past, but into a reasonable appredation
of it ; and we had- learnt to profit by the
teaching of the past ; we could enjoy and
appreciate the struggles, difficulties, and
pleasures of our predecessors, and in this
appreciation oonsiited that compensating
influence which prevented us, amidst the
discoveries of this present age, from dis-
regarding the teaching of the past. He
happened to cast his eyes round the room,
and he saw two honoured members of this
University sitting side by side — what
greater instances of science and discovery?
That accidental drcumstance of Dr. Whe-
well and Professor Willis sitting ride by
side was the justification of their meeting
to-night, and it was the key to what they
were doing. Architecture might be stu-
died as a cut-and-thrust pursuit, that was
the builder's view ; it might be studied by
the five orders ; or it might be rooted out
as a mere arch»ological research, as we
should root out the theories of the Hin-
doos without any intention of practiring
them ourselves. But there was a broader
view, if we reg^arded it as a record of the
past and an example for the future. He
believed the object of their meeting that
day was to bring the teaching of the past
to bear on the practice of the future. So
they called theirs an ** architectoral" con-
gress. If they called it an archseological
congress, they should shut out the future ;
if they call it a constructive congress, the
past would<be shut out.
Pbofessob Wmjs's Leottbe.
Professor Willis said the subject of his
lecture was an exceedingly compirehenrive
one, and therefore he should not be able
to go into details ; all he could hope to do
was to give a sketch of those historical
objects which' could. still be seen, and not
those which had departed;, and, on the
present occasion, it could> not be expected
that he should particularize every olject
of interest. There were few towns in this
or any. other, country that presented so
many objects of interest as did the two
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge;
but as time would only admit of As shew-
ing the general position of the colleges,
their architectural arrangement^ and how
they, had changed- from time to time, he
should, so to speak, give a sketch of one or
two types .of colleges. Now the early
colleges were buildingp of a very simple
character : the master was content to have
but one room, (there being no lodges);
books were few, and kept in a chest;
therefore no libraries wese wanted. The
devotions were performed in the parish
churches, hence there were no college
chapels; but refectories there always ap-
peared to have been, as it seemed when a
college was founded the very first thing
that was done was the preparation for pro-
viding a refectory, kitchen, and buttery,
simply because the students could not do
without food.
The Professor next described, by means
of ground-plans, the fbrmation of some
of the earlier colleges; beginning with
Corpus, which originally consisted of a
plain quadrangle, with two stories of
chambers, the "hall range," transverse
passage known as the screens, dining-hall,
buttery, pantry, &c This plan was some
time ago recognised as similar to that of
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
53
Haddon Hall, and the great zaansions of
the nobility; and since that period the
publication of an admirable work on Do-
mestic Architecture by Mr. Parker of
Oxford, and the latter part of which was
written by himself, shewed ns that the
system was universal up to the time of
Henry YIII. and Elizabeth. One chamber
in the vicinity of the kitchen was always
larger and better than the others; that
was known as the principal chamber, and
above it was one of nearly similar dimen-
sions; as a general mle, the lower chamber
was the parlour, a kind of common room
in which there was a fire in winter if the
college could afford it: the room above
was the master's chamber, either assigned
to him in the statutes or selected by him
as the best. The two stories of chambers
still remain, and are the oldest and most
complete in the University ; for when the
college was enlarged in 1823, and that
magnificent court which now formed such
an ornament to the University was erected,
the college authorities shewed their good
taste and veneration for antiquity by
leaving the ancient quadrangle untouched.
In old times the students of the colleges
went to the parish church to perform their
devotions ; and it was a curious fact that
when the founder endowed a college, he
always endeavoured to obtain the advow-
son and patronage of the parish church in
which it was situated; so when he en-
dowed the college he had the control of
the church also. Thus Peterhouse was
founded by the Bishop of Ely, and he
gave them St. Peter's Church to perform
their devotions in, and a bridge and gallery
were built communicating therewith, so
that they might go to church dry-shod.
In the same way Corpus communicated
with the churchyard of Bene't ; Gonville
Hall was founded about the same time
contiguous to the churchyard of St.
Botolph, and had the advow son of that
church, which was afterwards sold to
Corpus. Trinity Hall aud Clare Hall
shared possession of the ancient church
of St. John, where the students performed
their devotions until St. Edward's was
erected, when they had two large chapels
built, Clare on the south. Trinity Hall on
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
the north. The founder of Michael House
bought the advowson of St. Michael's
Church, and that also was used as the
college chapel, until the merging of that
college into that of King's Hall, which
was the precursor of the great college of
Trinity, and the authorities of the last-
named foundation obtained a grant of
St. Mary's Church, wherein their scholars
might perform their religious exercises.
In those days such exercises consisted not
merely in hearing mass, but in private
prayer also. In the fifteenth century
the college of Corpus erected a little
chapel for the private devotions of its
students, still using the parish church
for public service. With respect to the
church of St. Michael, it was an object of
great interest. The church itself was built
by Harvey de Stanton, expressly for a
college chapel ; the church was peculiarly
constituted, not having a college of canons
attached to it, but a college of students to
act as precentors. The founder was buried
amongst his scholars in the church, as was
usually the case. There was one remark-
able feature in St. Michael's Church, — the
choir projected into the nave. This church
was an example of the Flowing Decorated
style, the tracery of which was very little
altered : it was restored some little time
ago, but so well that it might be said to
have remained in its original state.
The college of Queens' was perhaps one
of the most remarkable collies in the
University in respect to the subject on
which he was now addressing them. This
was a very fine example of collegiate
architecture. Queens' College was erected
by Andrew Dockett, a priest, who was the
real founder, though he had the art to
get the Queen to take it under her patron-
age : it was erected under the auspices of
the Queen of Henry VI., at the time
that the erection of the great college of
King's was going on. It possessed noble
gateways with towers at the angles, just
as they might see in the original plan of
King's. On the whole, its ancient aspect
had been preserved exceedingly well; and
the structure was a remarkable illustra-
tion of the principle that he had before
stated, viz. that the colleges were erected
i Si I: - I
1 1 1 liP^!!illiliiSii!il
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
55
on the plan of the great mansions of the
period. He was not aware how complete
the analogy was between this college and
Haddon Hall until he had compared the
two plans, which were so truly similar
that he was almost afraid they would
charge him with cooking them. They
were similar in all particulars — kitchen,
promptuarium, buttery, principal chamber,
&c, were all alike, except in the orienta-
tion of the chapel, whidi in Haddon Hall
was west instead of east. In the college,
the master was originally content with
his only room ; or if not content, be bad
no other. But as time wore on, and there
was a prospect of the masters getting
married, the one room was extended to
others, for when people are married fami-
lies increase, and more room is requisite.
This increased accommodation was evi-
denced in the case of King's lodge — a
magnificent building, suited for the ex-
ercise of hospitality — the family notion
came after. After the Reformation, masters
began to marry with extraordinary haste,
and hence the college lodges began to
spread right and left.
The Professor then spoke of the long
galleries that were erected (for meditation,
&c.) according to the ideas recorded in
Pliny and Vitruvius. Wben we wished
to study a building with a view to its
architectural history, we ought not to look
for any absolute beauty so much as to
a principle, which must ever subsist, he
trusted, and that was the principle of his-
torical association ; and therefore he liked
to see the odd forms which pleased our
ancestors, as our posterity would doubtless
be edified to see the oddities which pleased
us now. As an instance of succession of
changes, none was more curious than Clare
Hall, a college that appeared perhaps to
present few features of interest to the pre-
sent generation, but he found it to possess
quite as much interest as any specimen of
mediaeval architecture. It was begun by
Charles I. and finished by Charles II. It
had a homogeneous appearance, and was
more like a palace than a college, and he
considered it one of the most beautiful
building^, from its situation and general
outline, that he could point out in the
University. He detailed the successive
history of different parts of the college.
It was begun in 1638; the old college,
consisting of one small quadrangle, was
situated in a long street called Milne-
street, which ran in one continuous line
from Trinity College, and had in it Trinity
Hall, Clare Hall, and Gonville Hall; but
Henry VIII. cut it in two, and built King's
upon it. The angle of the old building
stood so close to King's chapel that there
was only just room to pass between the
two. Clare Hall he described as a good
Renaissance building, drawing attention to
its fine front next the river, with its splen-
did Ionic fa9ade. In this front they could
find three successive styles of windows:
in 1669 the window was cruciform; in
1704 the sash was adopted ; and in 1815
the jamb was brought level with the sill.
The bridge in this college was made after
the plan of one Grumball, who received
5s. 6d. for bis trouble. The Grumballs
were a family who came from Raunds in
Northamptonshire, and their name fre-
quently occurred in the architectural his-
tory of the University. He had found
more difficulty in ascertaining the repairs
and alterations that had been executed in
the present century than in many of the
older cases; this arose, perhaps, either
from the modesty of those who did not
wish the public to know the sacrifices
they had made, or from carelessness ; but
he strongly recommended the practice of
keeping annals.
The lecturer next spoke of St. John's,
adverting briefly to the original plans for
the central court, and calling attention to
the fac-simile of the name of Alfred Symons,
the architect, signed on all the plans, in
quaint irregular characters. He then di-
rected the notice of his audience to the
great court of Trinity College, which was
erected by Dr. Neville, the Master, who
also built the hall, and no doubt the
fountain, and other portions of that noble
foundation. A great debt of gratitude
was due to Dr. Neville; when he came
into the mastership the buildings were in
great confusion. Many additions had been
begun on the old foundation of King's
Hall, and left unfinished and confused.
56
Antiqtutrian and Literary Intelligencer.
[July,
Dr. Neville, with great spirit, and skill
for business, organized a system by which
funds were obtained, and adopted a bold
plan by which all the buildings of King's
Hall were swept away : he built three
regular sides to the court, the great hall,
kitchen, chambers and the lodge, the
windows of which had been restored in
their original style by Dr. Whewell, the
present Master : Dr. Neville built Neville's
court, and obtained possession of the ground
behind the college and began to lay out
the walks. So he was anxious to have the
opportunity of telling the College how
greatly they were indebted to the skill,
liberality, and spirit of that one man,
afterwards Dean of Canterbury, and who
lived long enough to receive King James
when he paid his first visit to Cambridge,
and to shew him the improvements he had
carried out.
He had explained to them the type
of an early college, containing all the ele-
ments ; the type of a Renaissance college ;
and now he should speak to them of one
of a different character — a transformed
monastery. Just before the Reformation
men began to construct colleges by taking
decayed monasteries and converting them
into colleges. That was done at Cambridge
in the case of Jesus College, which was
a decayed nunnery, in which at last there
were only two nuns left ; but its character
was so bad, and so was that of the nuns,
that the nunnery was transformed into
a college. St. John's College was a trans-
formed hospital ; as were Christ's (God's
House) and Magdalene. Referring to a
plan of Jesus College, the hall, he thought,
was on the foundation of the nuns' refec-
tory. The foundations were of a different
work to the superstructure. We had here
the remains of a magnificent conventual
church, which was the parish church of
St. Rhadegunda, the choir being separated
A^)m the nave by screens, for the accom-
modation of the nuns. Bishop Alcock re-
stored the chapel, which had lately been
ag^n restored by the College with gp:«at
zeal and disregard to expense ; the walls
had been scraped, many specimens of
tracery had been discovered, and many
columns disentombed ; and he could assert
that it was the true restoration of that
conventual church.
After alluding to some other architec-
tural peculiarities in the various colleges.
Professor Willis again expressed his sense
of the kindness he had experienced at the
hands of those who had been instrumental
in ai^g his investigations. He felt the
only return he could make for their hos-
pitality was to publish the result of his
researches ; and he purposed bringing out
a book on the subject very shortly. He
had hoped to have done so before this,
but he was under the necessity of defer-
ring it. The work was now in the printer's
hands, however, and he hoped ere long to
throw it on their mercy.
In acknowledging the vote of thanks
(proposed by Mr. C. H. Cooper, Town
Clerk, and seconded by the Rev. Dr.
Whewell,) he remarked that he could not
help saying a word as to the modem
fashion of changing the names of founda-
tions. When a college was first instituted,
the collegium was the name by which the
society inhabiting the domtis or house
was designated. In the statutes of
Trinity Hall he found it recorded that the
college should be called the Communion
of the Holy Trinity, and they were to
inhabit the Hall of the Holy Trinity. He
considered that the older foundations
ought to be proud to retain their old
names. It was not for him to say so, but
he made the remark as taking the place
of the historian of the University for the
moment. He always felt a degree of re-
gret whenever he saw the words " Clare
College^* written.
TussDAY, May 29. Visit to Ely
Cathrdbal.
The Eastern Counties Railway conveyed
a large party to Ely, and shortly after
the excursionists were joined by Dr. Good-
win, the Dean, Mr. G. G. Scott, Arch-
deacon Thorpe, &o., &c The company
then assembled under the octagon to^er,
taking possession of the seats that had
been provided for the choral festival,
and
Mr. Scott proceeded to give an outline
of the history of the cathedraL It coca-
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
57
pied the site of a monastery founded about
the year 670, by St. Etheldreda, daughter
of the King of East Anglia, and wife of
the King of Northumbria, in the govern-
ment of which she was succeeded by seve-
ral of her own family, four of whom were
canonized, and became the great saints of
this district. All were buried here. We
know nothing of the building she erected,
but it was probably of the most homely
description. It seemed to have existed
about two centuries, and was destroyed
about the middle of the mnth century
by the Danes, after which (about 960)
the church was founded, of which we
know nothing whatever. The foundation
was then changed from a nunnery to a
monastery of Benedictine monks. Shortly
after the Conquest the monastery was very
much increased, and was now inhabited
by seventy monks. But in the meantime,
during the latter part of the Saxon time,
its possessions had increased considerably,
and the monastery was very rich. Many
there had doubtless read an interesting
little work by Harriet Martineau, called
the " Camp of Refuge." It was a mere
novel, but it was founded on historical
fiicts, and contained more history than
novels generally do. It gave an excellent
account of the history of Ely just after
the Conquest. This part of the isle was
an inaccessible point to the Normans, and
held out for several years, resisting the
attacks of the great generals, and even of
William himself. But at length the camp
was taken ; and soon after that a Norman
abbot named Simeon was put into the
monastery. He, unlike the majority of
Norman abbots, was a quiet and studious
man, and with his time the architectural
history of the cathedral commenced. We
did not know exactly how much he built,
but we know that he laid the foundations
of the earlier part of the church, part of
the nave, and central tower. He died
about 1093, at the age of 100 years, so
that he must have been able to remember
architecture of a very early date. If any
part was standing of Simeon's work it was
the lower arches of the transept on either
aide, which belonged either to him or
his immediate successor. Abbot Richard.
These lower arches bore strong symptoms
of an early character; and the incipient
volute was a feature in contemporary
buildings at Caen. One of these abbots
commenced the choir, of which the central
shaft that communicated with the apse
was all that remained; the apse was lately
exposed, and it was found to be exactly
like that of Peterborough.
The next step in the history of Ely was
after it became a bishopric. The suc-
cessor of Abbot Richard used his influence
with the Pope and the King, and in 1109
Ely was converted into a see. He and his
successor together held the see for nearly
seventy years, and they or one of them
must have built the whole of the nave
and commenced the western transept.
Those two abbots carried us on to 1174 :
the next abbot probably did very little
towards the building of the cathedral, for
he was so poor that he stripped the silver
ornaments from Etheldreda's shrine. Next
came Bishop Riddle, an active builder:
he entirely completed the western tran-
sept, and commenced the western tower :
he was also a great decorator, and painted
a portion of the walls. After Riddle, in
1191, Eustatius built the western galilee,
which to all appearance was more ad-
vanced than that of Notre Dame, though
erected ten years earlier. After Eustatius
came Bishop Northwold, who undertook
the work of lengthening the eastern arm
of the church to make it capable of hold-
ing more shrines, one of which was erected
in honour of St. Alban. It might be
deemed curious that there should be a
shrine to St. Alban here ; but the fact
was, there were two rival shrines. The
body of the saint was sent to Ely during
an incursion of the Danes ; and afler the
Danes were gone the body was to have
been sent back, but the monks of Ely
persuaded their rivals that they had sent
back the wrong body, and kept the right ;
so it happened that there were two shrines
to St. Alban. This Bishop Northwold
erected six beautiful arches in the choir,
and from his time no notable occurrence
took place till the commencement of the
Lady-chapel in 1321. The then bishop
commenced building a magnificent liady-
58
Atttiguarian and TAterary Intelligencer.
[July,
chapel, his architecfc being the sacristan
of the cathedral, the celebrated Alan de
Walsingham. In the very next year the
central tower fell down, completely ruin-
ing the whole Norman choir and the
work which North wold had left. Alan
de Walsingham was ordered, therefore,
to desist from building the chapel and
to rebuild the tower, and the result was
that magnificent octagon under which
they were now standing, a feature quite
unique 'among English cathedrals, though
having its parallel in other countries.
That took him nearly twenty years, for
it was in 1342 that he finished the tower ;
and, curiously enough, the stone-work only
took six years, while the wood-work oc-
cupied fourteen. Above the octagon, it
appeared, there was a belfry, and it con-
tained a set of bells. The Dean had re-
cently discovered that one of them weighed
7,000 pounds. When the sacristan had
finished the octagon, he went on and com-
pleted the Lady-chapel. He seemed to
have been really a man of great talent ;
if there were faults in the result of his
labours, he was not to blame, but they
were the faults of the period : his works
were beautiful, and in structural skill and
boldness of conception seemed to be supe-
rior to any specimens of the period. The
choir of Northwold had a beautiful tri-
forium story, which was followed up by
Alan de Walsingham, though in the Mid-
dle Pointed period. Mr, Scott then closed
his lecture by pointing out the successions
of style visible from where he was standing.
Professor Willis said that in Mr. S.'s
very comprehensive history of the cathe-
dral there had been one omission, and that
was a great one. If they looked from the
point where he stood into the choir, all
they would see — the whole arrangement
of the choir, screen, carving, and every-
thing— was done by the gentleman who
had just been addressing them.
Mr. Scott then proceeded to lead the
visitors through the cathedral, stopping
to descant upon every point worthy of in-
terest. He pointed out the fact that all
the side stalls, with their canopies, were
the same as in Alan de Walsingham*8
time: daring the whole history of the
church it had been the custom for the
bishop to occupy the great stall to the
south, while the dean occupied the north
stall. This arrangement had subsisted
since the days of the monastery, when the
abbot and the prior occupied the same
relative positions.
In the progress round the cathedral
the Dean called attention to the colouring
of part of the ceiling of the south aisle.
A copy of that had been taken by Mr.
Le Strange, and at the request of the late
Dean he had endeavoured to apply it to
other parts of the roof. He had com-
menced with the tower, and the colouring
of the roof there was perhaps one of the
finest specimens of that style of art in ex-
istence. His success had been so great
that the nave was now undergoing the
same process.
The visitors then visited the space to
the right of the west door, which, through
Professor Willis, has been restored to a
state of great beauty, having formerly
been used as a lumber-room.
The Lady-chapel, built by Alan de Wal-
singham, was subsequently entered, and
described by Mr. Scott; and Professor
Willis announced the discovery that the
mutilated stone -work surrounding the
building represents the legend of the Vir-
gin, which might be restored if intrusted
to good hands.
After a pause for luncheon. Professor
Willis conducted the party round the mo-
nastic buildings of the dty. He said they
were aware that one of the principal fea-
tures of a monastery was the cloister, and
it was one which had little or no existence
here, though he could shew them its area,
as well as where the refectory and the
other buildings of the regular monastery
stood. There was also generally attached
to every monastery an infirmary for the
sick and infirm monks, and he should
shew them the remains of such a build-
ing at Ely.
Passing through the cathedral, the com-
pany came out into the Dean's garden on
the south, and Professor Willis proceeded
to point out to them the area of the clois-
ter on the south walls, the tracery of
which is walled up; the south door, a
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
59
good specimen of enriched Norman; the
dormitory, refectory, &c. The large build-
ing occupied as the deanery, he said, must
have been a kind of guest-hall, for he
could find no other use for it : he pointed
out corbels on the wall from which the
vaults sprang which supported the refec-
tory, also the corbels on the south gable
of the cathedral, which shewed the con-
tinuation of a wall by means of which
the dormitories were connected with the
cathedral.
The company next advanced to the In-
firmary, or rather to the space between
the two walls of it occupied as a yard by
one of the canons. Professor Willis, hav-
ing pointed out the open arches and cl^-re-
story, discussed the idea formerly preva-
lent that the remuns of such buildings,
which were common in towns where
monastic ruins existed, were those of
churches. This had been proved to be
erroneous by a document in Trinity Col-
lege Ubrary, minutely describing the plan
of the infirmary at Canterbury, and hav-
ing examined the ruins there he could
prove that the illustration was reciprocal.
The infirmary before them was supposed
by the antiquaries of Essex and Bentham
to be the chapel of St. Etheldreda; but
we now understood architecture better,
and knew it to be the infirmary.
The company then inspected the in-
terior (by permission) of one of the canons'
residences, and also viewed the vault of
the chancel of the chapel attached to the
infirmary. After the inspection of the ex-
terior of the cathedral, during which IVo-
fessor Willis pointed out and assigned rea-
sons for the difiVrence of the pinnacles and
buttresses at the east end of the build-
ing, an adjournment took place to the
"Prior's Chapel," now used as the chapel of
the King's School. This was the private
chapel of Prior Crawdon : the Professor
pointed to the restorations that had taken
place, and found that they were good
ones, the actual mason's lines having been
taken in some instances. In one or two
cases where the work was destroyed, the
spaces had been filled up with plain block,
purposely to shew where the masonry
had been knocked away. Under foot the
tessellated or mosaic pavement was an
object of attention.
After wandering over the cathedral
close for upwards of two hours, finding
objects of beauty and antiquity every-
where, the company followed Professor
Willis to the western gate of the cathe-
dral grounds, and the inspection termi-
nated, with votes of thanks to the
lecturers.
Conversazione at the Town Hall.
This was well attended, many ladies
being present ; the President of the Con-
gress presided. E. A. Freeman, Esq., the
Rev. Thomas James, Hon. Canon of Peter-
borough, W. Burges, Esq., H. L. Styleman
le Strange, Esq., the Mayor, the Rev. Dr.
Phelps, the Rev. Lord A. Compton, the
Revs. G. Williams, Archdeacon Thorpe,
W. J. Beaumont, J. Q. Howes, J. Glover,
&c, &c., were among the company. In
the body of the hall there were several
models of neighbouring buildings and
other objects of interest.
After some opening remarks from the
President, an interesting discussion took
place on the Improvement of Labourers'
Cottages, in which it was generally agreed
that there was great room for improve-
ment, but that this was only to be hoped
for from the wealthy making a sacrifice.
Archdeacon Thorpe especially insisted on
this, and remarked that it was all very
well to say that cottages ought to be built
of such and such a material, and such a
style, but how was it to be carried out ?
Those who built cottages were principally
land proprietors and speculators, and they
would not spend more money than they
could see a probability of recovering back.
All that could be done was to call upon
architects to improve the character of the
cottages; they could not command, but
they might suggest. He bad seen the in-
conveniences attending the smallness of a
cottage in which a father, mother, and
seven children lived; but there was not
another cottage to be had. He was of
opinion that very great responsibility
rested upon the proprietors of land, who
could if they chose follow the example of
a nobleman whose name he need not men-
60
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[July,
tion, and pull down their old cottages and
bnild new ones. Somebody must make
a sacrifice, but it could not be expected
that poor people could pay an increased
rent ; the sacrifice must, therefore, be on
the part of those who could afibrd it.
H. L. Styleman le Strange, Esq., then
read an able paper on " The Application of
Colour to Architecture." He took as his
motto " esse quam videri," and repudiated
the idea of applying to stone, glass, or any
other substance, a pigment, with the view
to make it appear of a nature other than
its own. It seemed to him that Hrchitects,
who are themselves principally concerned
with creative art, should themselves be the
artists to decorate their own works. Per-
haps it might only be possible in rare in-
stances for the architect to execute the
work with his own hands; but, in any
case, he ought to be the chief artist him-
self; and if others were called to perform
the handicraft of the colourist, they should
perform their task in obedience to the
dictates of his presiding genius.
W. Barges, Esq., thought that in ar-
chitectural colouring there was something
needed which would go to the heart. In
the middle ages, architects had coloured
statuary, coloured garments, to guide
them : now they had nothing. He thought
that architectural colouring would never
arrive at any great degree of perfection
till the architect became both painter
and sculptor.
The company then adjourned to the
Aldermen's parlour, where refreshments
were provided, after which a short time
was spent in examining the various cu-
riosities which had been lent for the
occasion.
Wednesday, Mat 30. Pebambitlation
OP THE University and Town op
Cambbidoe.
The Congress met at 10 o'clock in the
Fitzwilliam Museum, and after a few brief
remarks by Professor Willis, proceeded
under his guidance to visit some of the
points of most interest in the town and
University.
The first place visited was Little St.
Mary's Church, the work of Alan de Wal-
7
singham and his Ely masons. The chan-
tries brought to view on the north and
south sides some time ago were pointed
out; and after inspecting the new roof,
the party passed out of the church into
St. Peter's College, and Professor Willis
made some remarks upon the " new skin"
with which modem improvement had
clothed the old walls. The new windows
in the chapel, the production of the Mu-
nich school, were examined and admired,
and it was stated that we were indebted
for the introduction of that style into this
country to the liberality and good taste of
Mr. Beresford-Hope. Mr. Woollaston said
that the old east window was supposed to
be after a design by Rubens.
After a passing visit to Pembroke Col-
lege, for the sake of seeing the smallest
court in the University, and a look at a
window in the tower of Botolph Church,
restored, as the Master of Trinity re-
marked, by Professor Willis from the
faintest indications, the party went to
Queens' College, and in the hall Pro-
fessor Willis pointed out the restored
wooden roof, and the identity of the archi-
tectural arrangements with those of H ad-
don and other baronial mansions. The
absence of the President and his family
aflbrded the party an opportunity of pass-
ing through the Lodge, and inspecting
the fine carved wood-work in the audit-
room, (used as the President's dining-
room,) and the very interesting gal-
lery, where similar wood-work is co-
vered with paint. After an inspection of
the exterior of the Lodge from the gar-
den, the chapel was visited. The inte-
rior has recently been restored by Mr.
Bodley, and Professor Willis said it of-
fered an illustration of an extreme mode
of fitting up an ancient building. The
chief features of the works in this chi^l
are the new oak stalls, a new pavement of
marble and tiles, and areredos of alabaster
and inlaid marbles. There was little to
interest the lover of architecture in the
chapel in its former state. Nothing has
been destroyed that could be thought by
any one to have had any architectural, or
even arcbaK>logica], interest. The main
constructive features of the chapel re-
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
61
main as they were, with the exception of
a shortening of the east window, the
former window coming so low as to pre-
sent a proper rise in the level at the east
end, or to allow of a reredos of vnf dig-
nity. Ko traces remained of the ancient
stjles or other wood-work. Mr. Bodley
has evidently bestowed much thought on
tiiis work, which is full of originality,
and will, no doubt, be regarded by future
archffiologists as a striking feature of the
6k>thic revivaL
From Queens' the party passed on to
Corpus, the new court of which Professor
Willis SMd was a very good specimen of
a modem college building, except that
Wilkins, who built it, was apt to reduce
everything to an Italian principle, and
had spoilt the tbing as a whole by the
facade of the chapel and the lodge. The
interior of the chapel was stated by the
Professor to be quite out of harmony with
the present state of our knowledge of
architecture : ancient wood-work was not
understood when the chapel was fitted up,
and the groining of the roof, like the ribs
of an umbrella, was quite contemptible.
The kitchen, formerly the hall, and the
old court, alluded to in Monday's lecture,
were next inspected ; after which
The Saxon church of St. Benedict, with
its long and short quoins, and the re-
stored church of St. Edward, with the
clever new window in the tower and the
elegant arches in the nave, claimed the
attention of the Congress.
A conriderable time was spent in King's
chapel, and that inimitable building eli-
cited expressions of strong admiration.
The screen, with its beautiful carving,
was pointed out as the finest example of
a Renaissance screen in England.
Professor Willis repeated in Clare Col-
lege much that he had s^d in his Monday's
lecture, and remarked that probably Wil-
kins came to the roof of a debased gate-
way there to study mediaeval architecture
when he built Corpus chapel. The chapel
of Clare and the vestibule leading into it
met with utter condemnation: Professor
Willis said the chapel was an elegant
concert-room, but there was nothing de-
votional in it ; and the vestibule, witii its
GsHz. Maq. Yoi. CCIX.
warm colouring, always reminded him of
a lime-kiln.
Cains College was said to hold a re-
markable position in the architectural his-
tory of the University, and the Gate of
Honour was pointed out as being the
earliest instance of classical architecture in
stone in England. That and other parts
of the college were designed by Dr. Cains,
who had studied medicine in Italy, and
brought home with him Italian tastes.
The arrangement of the second court, with
the south side open, was commented upon :
it is in the statutes of the college that that
side shall never be closed up by buildings,
in order that there may be a free circu-
lation of air. The principle of a three-
sided court was subsequently adopted in
other colleges as a sanitary arrangement,
at a time when plagues frequently visited
Cambridge.
St. Michael's Church was next visited,
and points of Monday's lecture were re-
peated and amplified.
With regard to the new Trinity Hostel,
inspected from the outside. Professor Willis
said it was erected by the Master of
Trinity, at his own cost, and under his own
critical diisection. It formed a remarkable
era in the history of the University, as the
first erection of an hostel under the new
reg^ulations for the accommodation of stu-
dents. It was intended to connect it with
Trinity College, but it would have a Prin-
cipal of its own.
At Jesus College the party spent a con-
siderable period of time, noticing the
three-sided court, upon the Caian prin-
ciple, and then listening to a lecture upon
the chapel, past and present, delivered by
Professor Willis, standing under the tower.
The beautiful and extensive restorations
were carefully examined ; after which the
courteous hospitality of Mr. Fawcett,
the Secretary of the Congress, was par-
taken of.
Professor Willis, who had thus far acted
as guide, quitted the party at Jesus Col-
lege, and the Bound Church and Mag-
dalene College Chapel were subsequently
visited with Mr. Hope in place of Pro-
fessor Willis. At both of these places
there was some interesting conversation ;
I
62
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[July,
and small parties sabseqnently visited the
abbey dinrch at Barnwell and the Ceme-
tery Chapel, under the gmdance of Mr.
K. B. Rowe.
EysKnra MssriKa.
A lecture was delivered by the Pre-
sident, in Trinity College large lectore-
room. Professor Willis occupied the chair,
and in the course of some introductory
remarks said that no man was better
qualified for the task than the President,
to whom they were deeply indebted for
the information he had conveyed through
his acquaintance with ecclesiastical history,
bis watchings from time to time, and, con-
^uently, his ability to overcome diffi-
culties.
Mr. Beresford-Hope siud that in adopt-
ing the title "The English Cathedral of
the Nineteenth Century" for his lecture,
he desired that every word in it should be
taken in the most absolute and exclusive
sense. The building whidi, by their kind-
ness, he was constructing on paper was
a cathedral, as distinct from and opposed
to a parish church. It was English, as
distinct from and opposed to foreign, as
it was of the nineteenth centu];y as dis-
tinct frt)m and opposed to one of earlier
age. With those limitations steadily in
view, he alleged that there were distinc-
tively such buildings in posae as English
cathedrals of the nineteenth century, that
there were good reasons why they should
be bmlt, and certain data of size, charac-
ter, and arrangement which ought, in his
judgment, to reg^ulate their architectural
construction. Dismissing as he did frt)m
his subject churches with which the last
twenty years had studded the land, he yet
had no wish to depreciate them ; but he
pleaded for another and higher develop-
ment of architecture as consonant with
the spirit of the age, and that of our
actual church system, with its episcopal
regimen and its Book of Common Prayer.
He advocated the construction of cathe-
drals in the spirit in whidi Dr. Peacock
had restored his glorious fane at Ely,
Dean Milman was restoring St. Paul's.
A cathedral ordinarily exhibited an excess
of length and height and breadth, pro-
fnseness of plan, stateliness of ornamenta-
tion, and dignity of appearance which lifts
it above the ordinary church.
He repudiated the idea that a building
with these characteristics was not con-
sonant with the reformed Church of Eng-
land, or that it was a Roman Catholic
institution. In proof he shewed the dif-
ference between the Roman Catholic cathe-
dral and that of the Reformed church, in
the multiplicity of chapels and altars which
characterised the former, and were absent
in those of our communion. In illustra-
tion he shewed a plan of the new cathe-
dral of Linz in Austria, which is being
built by M. Slatz of Cologpie, and con-
trasted it Ynih. plans of (1) The cathedral
church of St. Ninian, for the use of the
Scottish Episcopal Church at Perth, by
Mr. Butterfield; (2) The cathedral at KU-
more, Ireland ; (3) A plan of a cathedral
at Inverness, both by Mr. Slater; (4) The
plan of a cathedral at Brisbane, by Mr.
Burges; (5) The principal church of the
Island of St. Kitts, by Mr. Slater ; (6) Mr.
Burges's plan for the Memorial Church at
Constantinople; (7) The admirable plan
by Mr. Street, which won the second
prize in the late competition ; and, lastly,
the plan of the great church at Hamburgh,
by Mr. Scott.
He also referred to other colonial cathe-
drals, particularly those of Calcutta, Mon-
treal, and Sydney. The cathedral he
contemplated was, of course, to be built
in Gothic.
The lecturer went on to prove that
the recent enthusiasm for preachings to
the masses, and the growing taste for
large musical performances, both tended
to make cathedrals possible. He then
enlarged on the various architectural
and ritual features of the new English
cathedraL He shewed that the navo
ought to be spacious, and sogg^ested the
possibility of occasionally adopting the
circular shape in it. The choir ought
also to be large, to hold the volunteers
who, he trusted, might join in the choral
services, as well as to serve for confirma-
tions, ordinations, and such ceremonials.
He pointed out the beauty of the apsidal
east end with a circumambient aisle, and
I860.]
Architectural Congress at Cambridge.
63
enggestcd the adoption of this feature to
contain monnments, recapitulating those
monuments which had been placed of late
years in our cathedrals, in imitation of
the "high tombs" of the middle ages.
He looked to the adoption of constructive
polychrome and the development of mural
painting as the artistic compensation for
the loss of those features of the medisBval
cathedral which were not appropriate to
our more pure and simple ritual. He
continued to shew what adjacent buildings
and institutions modem utility required
in connection with cathedrals, and con-
cluded with practical observations upon
the expediency of constructing churches
such as he had pointed out in our large
towns; and as a first step, he advocated
the suitability of adding the style of places
suitable to become bishoprics, to that of
the prelates in whose dioceses the towns
now actually stood. In conclusion, he
expressed his^hope that he had proved
that architecture was not a mere isolated
study of form and material and construc-
tion, but that it mixes itself up with the
most important concerns both of our phy-
ncal and our spiritual life.
A vote of thanks to the lecturer ter-
minated the proceedings.
Tuesday, May 31. Visit to Buby
St. Edmtxkds.
A large number of the members of the
Congress, under the direction of the Pre-
ndent, repaired to Bury St. Edmund's,
where they first visited the house in which
Humphrey Duke of Qloucester died ; it is
now in a dilapidated state, and the garden
surrounding it has been converted into a
durm-yard. The Abbot*s-bridge and sluices
of the ancient fish-ponds were next in-
spected ; the guide-books place the date at
1221, but the details of the masonry, which
are of much interest, would g^ve a later
date. It was observed with regret that
this fine piece of work is in such bad re-
psur that unless soon strengthened the
whole fabric will fall in a ruinous mass.
Passing through the Botanic Garden,
the party emerged through the fortified
abbey gateway to the main street, and
examined the loopholes, portcullis, and
other means of defence against the pre-
datory attacks of the townspeople, which
were of frequent occurrence, as the monks
and citizens were always at enmity.
Here the party was met by the Hon.
and Rev. Lord Arthur Hervey, the Presi-
dent of the Suffolk Archraological Society,
and many of the members and their &ir
friends, who formed an escort for the re-
mainder of the day.
St. James' Church, the Norman tower,
and St. Mary's Church were carefully in-
spected, and the leading features lucidly
explained by local antiquaries. There was
next a large meeting in the lecture hall of
the Athenseum, where Lord Arthur Hervey
took the chfur, and publicly welcomed the
Architectural Congress.
Mr. Hope, in reply, said, " Architecture
and archaeology run together; call each
society what you will, you will find their
sentiments the same ; so that we shall all
readily fraternize. We do not content
ourselves with grubbing in old muniment
boxes, but by the light of their contents
we study the history of architecture, and
such glorious monuments of the piety and
magnificence of past ages as this good old
town possesses.
" We say that architects must dis-
orientalize themselves ; and though they
cannot turn up new styles, as our finends
over the Channel turn up new constitu-
tions, at the rate of about twenty in a
week, we have here Mr. Burges and Mr.
Bodley, two architects of a new school^
who are studying the work of the past
in order to make a new style.
"As an instance of the change these
societies have wrought in the public taste,
we do not now have race-balla and such
things, but architectural and archseological
meetings, at which the true principles of
architecture are discussed, taking as the
starting-point sound and true materials.
We have heard of muscular Christianity ;
we plead for muscular architecture. We
look to Mr. Burges and Mr. Bodley to
%ht for us the battle of the styles, and
to draw some good result from such visits
as this of ours to St. Edmundsbury."
At a cold collation at the Angel Hotel,
where Lord Arthur Hervey took the chair»
Mr. Gedge gave some practical informa-
tion respecting the restoration of thft
64
The Guesten Hall, Worcester.
[July,
Norman tower by the late Mr. Cotting-
ham, and explfuned that every loose stone
removed was marked and replaced, and
that none of the old work was scraped,
bnt faithfully repaired.
A general movement then took place
to the remains of the ancient Abbey, in
which Stephen Langton and the barons
swore npon the altar that they would
obtain Magna Charta from King J6hn.
The ancient Bridewell was next visited;
after which the leaders of the party re-
turned to Cambridge, leaving some to
wander among the ivy-clad ruins of the
abbey, and others to inspect the interest-
ing church at Saxham.
EVENIHQ MEETINa.
The proceedings of this most interesting
and successful Congress were terminated
by a gathering at Sidney College Lodge,
where a large number of exquisite archi-
tectural photographs was displayed.
THE GUESTEN HALL, WOKCESTER.
Close to "Worcester Cathedral there still exists the Guesten Hall, erected
in 1320; it is a noble building, though much mutilated, and divided by
wooden partitions. It has a wooden gable-end, the frame-work of which
is very well arranged with a good deal of cusping. The side walls are of
stone, and the windows arranged as at Mayfield, under arches thrown across
from buttress to buttress. Tbe restoration of tliis building has been
more than once proposed, and a view of it, as restored by A. E. Perkins, was
executed some years sinct at the expense of the late Canon Digby % and
presented by him to the Oxford Architectural Society. Demolition, how-
ever, not restoration, appears likely to be the result of the cathedral pro-
perty having lately fallen into the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, unless arrested by unmistakeable evidence of public indignation.
We are glad to see that the people of Worcester are interesting them-
selves in the matter. Influential bodies in London have also shewn a
strong feeling on the proposed barbarism, and at recent meetings of the
Society of Antiquaries, it was resolved to send a protest to the Dean and
Chapter, and also give a sum of money in aid of a proper restoration.
The Ecclesiological Society also have mentioned the subject in their annual
report, in due terms of reprobation ; and Mr. Beresford-Hope, their Fresi-
dent, said very justly at their last meeting that the news of such a- con-
temptuous disregard of the public feeling in favour of the conservation
of our ancient edifices ** would be received with a cry of execration through-
out the land." In the same spirit he has addressed two letters to '* The
Times," which we have been requested to reproduce, under the very
appropriate title of
VANDALISM AT WORCESTER.
No. I.
Sib, — A fSact has come to my knowledge, upon which, from my connexion with
architectural societies, I am unfortunately able to speak with certainty.
Close to Worcester Cathedral still stands the ancient *' Questen Hall" of the Chapter,
a singularly fine specimen of the domestic architecture of the fourteenth century. This
* Parker's Domestic Architecture, vol. iL p. 257.
I860.] The Guesten Rail, Worcester. 65
Imilding, although oonsiderahly mutilated, retains its main features, and is curious, from
its being so much older than the college-balls of our Universities. The noble open roof
exists, and the window tracery, of a very beautiful character, U capable of easy restora-
tion. It is hardly credible, and yet it is true, that the Dean and Chapter of Worcester
are seriously meditating the immediate demolition of this most interesting building.
Sueh vandalism, at a time when we have learnt to appreciate the architecture of our
ancestors, would be barely justifiable even if there were any practical reasons, real or
colourable, alleged for the act. But in this case, I understand, there is no reason at
all brought forward, except that the actual possessors of the hall are puzzled what to
do with it. Other people say that it might not be so difficult to find some use for
a large room in connexion with a religious and educational body in a large city. But,
at the worst, the Guesten-hall, even if left empty, would hurt nobody, and might be
just as useful as the greenest gpntssplot and smartest fiower-bed. To complete the per-
versity of this barbarous project, it has not even the miserable excuse of being popular.
The people of Worcester are in arms to preserve an ornament of their city, of which
they, at least, understand the value ; and they hope that, if public opinion is brought
to bear upon the Chapter, the proximate havock may yet be averted. —I have, &c.,
ArkloW'house, Connaught-place, June 13. A. J. B. Bsbssfobd-Hofb.
No. II.
Sib, — ^You were kind enough to give insertion a few days since to a letter of mine
relative to the threatened demolition at the Guesten Hall, attached to Worcester
CathedraL This has produced private explanations from one of the canons of the
church and from the cathedral architect, to the effect that the contemplated pro-
ceedings which have so justly caused apprehension are to be limited to clearing out
the modem partitions and fittings which now clog the building; and that no order
has been given to destroy the old work. The satisfaction which this assurance would
have created is, however, greatly mitigated by one of my informants having added
the expression of his fears that the building, thus relieved of the cross walls which
now keep it up, mny come down with a i*un.
This is but poor comfort for those who desire to keep the hall up ; and I am sure
that I am speaking the sentiments of all archaeologists when I say that its maintenance
ought to be a consideration paramount even to its clearance. An old building, if
tolerably sound, may be so carefully gutted (wholly or partially) as to ensure its
stability with the assistance of shores and so forth ; or it may be so recklessly cleared
out as to make its downfall a matter of even greater certainty ; or, if its stability
under the process be more than questionable, it may be left alone alt< gethcr. What
the public have, therefore, the right to claim from the Dean and Chapter of Worcester
is that no one single internal wall or protection should be taken out of the Guesten
Hall until some competent architectural authority shall have publicly reported that
the ancient portions of the building can be kept standing after the clearance, and
shall have indicated what precautionary measures are necessary to ensure this result.
Money I hear is wanting, and my friend the architect of the Ecclesiastical Commission,
to whom I owe one of my communications, informs me that " no part of the money
set apart for cathedral repairs can be appropriated for the purpose." It is not for me
to clear up so inscrutable a mystery, but common sense will shew that, if cathedral
money cannot be forthcoming to keep up cathedral buildings, still less ought it to be
avulable to imperil them. In any case, the more the Dean and Chapter shew that
they really desire to keep up what they have got, the more likely will the public be
to coine to their aid for its restoration. I have, &c.,
ArkloW'howe, Connaught-place, June 18. A. J. B. Bebesfobd-Hopb.
We trust that such representations as these may not be ineffectual, and
that we may not be fated to see a body that has sanctioned the erection of
so many ugly new buildings allowed, at its own good will and pleasure, to
destroy all our noble old ones into the bargain.
66 [July,
Corresipotttintce ot SbviW^nmi Witfinn.
[^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, but in order that a copy of the Gentleman's MAaAZiNB containing
their Communications may be forwarded to them."]
WAYBOUENE CHTJKCH, NORFOLK; THE ARRANGEMENTS
OF MONASTIC PARISH CHURCHES.
Mr. Urban, — In a late journey through East-Anglia I have seen much
that bore on the arrangements of those churches which were at once paro-
chial and monastic. This is a subject to which, as you may perhaps know,
I have for some years given a good deal of attention, and I have had inci-
dental occasion to speak of it in the course of my late controversy about
Waltham Abbey. When a church was held in common by the monks and
the parish, and when, as generally happened in such cases, disputes arose
between them, the common practice was to divide the building, the parish
taking the western and the monks the eastern part. In the two cases of
Wymondham and Dunster we know historically the details of the process,
and from these we may argue to a great many other cases where we — or at
least I — do not know the documentary history, but where the architectural
phsonomena are analogous. When a church was divided in this way, the
eastern part, as being monastic property, came into the King's hands at
the Dissolution, and was preserved, dismantled, or entirely destroyed, as
suited the caprice of King Henry or his grantees. Thus at Dorchester a
private benefactor, at Tewkesbury the common act of the parish, purchased
the monastic portion, and added it to the parish church. At Ewenny and
Dunster the monastic portion remains perfect, but disused. At Waltham,
Wymondham, Binbam, Margam, and many others, the monastic portion is
utterly gone or survives only in the form of ruins. ^ But in all these cases
the Dissolution had no effect upon that part of the church which had been
assigned to the parishioners, and whose legal position was just the same as
that of any other parish church. This I do not think is generally very
clearly understood. A church of this sort was architecturally one building,
but, as a matter of legal property, it was two. The property of the monastery
was transferred to the King, but that of the parish remained untouched.
The parish church thus formed generally consisted of the nave of the
church formerly held in common. This nave might be, as at Waltham and
Crowland, the whole space west of the central tower, or, as at St. Alban's,
Binham, and Wymondham, only part of it, owing to the monks' choir being
placed westward of the crossing. The nave, now become the parish church,
was then treated in all respscts as a complete and distinct church. Two
I860.] Wayboume Church, Norfolk. 67
or three bays at the east end were screened off as a chancel ; the high
altar was placed at the east end, with a reredos behind it, and often with
sedilia at the south side. These arrangements will be very apparent to
any one who will carefully compare the churches I have already men-
tioned. The reredos of the parish high altar is nowhere so well seen as
at St. Alban's^ where it is known as St. Cuthberht's screen. A very little
examination will shew that it was not a roodscreen, but a reredos. A
roodscreen has one door in the middle; a reredos has one on each side
the altar. The two doors, marking the reredos, may be seen also at
Waltham, Ewenny, Wymondham, Crowland, and Binham. The marking
off of the parochial chancel is perhaps best seen at Dunster and Binham.
This reredos was a structure of considerable hdght and massiveness,
being in fact a solid wall, which, when the eastern part of the church was
destroyed, was carried up to form the east end of what was left. At Walt-
ham and Crowland I suspect that, even before the Dissolution, this parti-
tion wall was carried up as high as the spring of the lantern arch. I sus-
pect also that at Crowland the window in the partition wall existed before
the Dissolution. At Wymondham the " abbey steeple *' made a com-
plete partition ; the parish church ended in a dead wall, with only the
two doors in it.
The part east of the reredos remained to the monks. Their roodscreen
must always have been placed somewhat to the east of the reredos, so as
to leave a kind of antechapel or diminutive nave between them. When
the parish church reached eastward as far as the west arch of the lantern,
the central tower seems to have played this part. Thus at Ewenny and
Dunster there is a screen across the eastern arch of the tower, fencing
off the monks* choir in the eastern hmb. This arrangement, as I have
already remarked, was probably introduced at Waltham at the rebuilding
of the monks' choir in 1242. At St. Alban's the roodscreen of the monks'
choir has vanished ; the screen still to be traced must have been a pres-
bytery-screen, like that at St. David's.
In collegiate foundations the interests of the clergy and people did not
so often clash as in the monastic ones. Indeed, a collegiate foundation,
from the days of Harold onward, generally had in view the better per-
formance of divine service in an existing parish church. Hence the church
was seldom divided, and hence the collegiate churches commonly retain
their choirs untouched. At the suppression of Colleges under Edward the
Sixth the foundations were abohshed, but the fabrics were seldom injured.
There are, however, some instances to the contrary. At Fotheringhay and
Ruthin the choir is entirely destroyed ; at Howden it js in ruins ; at Arun-
del it is disused though perfect. I suppose that in these cases some divi-
sion of the building must have taken place between the college and the
parish, like those I have mentioned in other cases between the monastery
and the parish . In some cases also, as the College of Newark at Leicester
68 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [July,
and St Martin's- le-Grand in London, collegiate churches were wholly
destroyed. I suppose that these were purely collegiate without any at-
tached parish, just like those monasteries which were not parish churches
at all, and which were therefore wholly destroyed or ruined.
The arrangement is still kept up in some foreign churches. At Toulouse
Cathedral, when I was there in 1857, parish high mass at the parish high
altar in the nave was followed by capitular high mass at the capitular high
altar in the choir.
I turn from these examples of the most usual form of the division to a
very curious and anomalous instance in which it is made in quite another
way. This is the Priory of Waybourne in Norfolk, between Cromer and
C ley-next- the-Sea. I had never heard of it before and I came upon it quite
accidentally, but it is certainly one of the most extraordinary buildings
I ever saw. Its groundplan, I suppose, is quite unique. The appearance
when first seen, as I oame suddenly upon it from the east, is utterly per-
plexing. A perfect and a ruined tower, a good deal of perfect building to
the west and a good deal of ruined building to the east, suggest for a
moment a church of the type of Wimbome Minster with the central tower
and the choir in ruins. But the next moment shows that the two towers
are not in a line, and also that there are no signs of transepts. I will try
to describe the building as well as I can, though it is rather a hard task
without a measured groundplan. The existing parish church, taken alone,
without reference to the adjoining ruins, would not be very remarkable.
It consists of a west tower, a nave with south porch, a chancel a good deal
narrower than the nave, and blocked arches on the north side show the
former existence of a destroyed aisle, opening into both nave and chancel,
but not reaching to the full length, east and west, of either. A very pretty
doorway in the north wall of the nave, with shafts and tooth- moulding,
shows that the original building was Early English, but the aisle looks like
a Decorated addition, and there are several windows of that style on the
south side. The tower and porch are of the common East- Anglian Per-
pendicular. But, having got thus far with ease, wonders begin, which I
do not pretend wholly to unravel. First of all, the chancel has no gable,
but a lean-to roof leaning on its northern side partly against nothing, partly
against ^he ruins of a tower in the style commonly called Anglo-Saxon.
or this tower only the south wall is at all perfect, the north wall is utterly
gone, and the east and west are very imperfect, but enough remains to
make out its general design. Its upper stage has a double window — or
what seems to be a window, for it either never went through the wall or
else has been most sedulously blocked inside — with triangular heads ; a
shaft between the two openings seems to have been knocked away. On
each side are two rude blank arches with irregular round or rather segmental
heads. Above, on each side, is what seems to be a round window with a
deep external splay, but no traces can be seen inside. The east wall of the
8
I860.] JTay bourne Church, Norfolk.^ 69
tower has been cut through by a tall late Decorated arch, which reminded
me of that in the " Abbey steeple** at Wymondham, but a very small
round-headed window can be traced just above it. The south wall had,
much lower down, a much larger round-headed window, now of course
blocked by the parish chancel. In the west wall was a large blocked
round-headed doorway ; a good way above it is a jamb of an inserted
window (or possibly a doorway in the roof) which hinders one from making
out the original design. When these insertions were made a vault was also
inserted, or perhaps only contemplated ; the springers are there and the lines
traced out for the vaulting, a little above the great eastern arch. The
whole of the original work of this tower is excessively rude, and quite un-
like any Norman work ; but it has its full share of that barbaric grandeur
which towers of its class always possess.
. East and west of this tower stood large buildings now in ruins. To the
east of it was evidently the choir of the Priory church, a large building
with attached chapels, but no regular aisles. It is very ruinous, and very
little detail is left, but that little, being portions of lancet windows at the
east end, shows its date and its original extent. The north wall is nearly
perfect ; there are two arches of different heights in its western part ; the
loftier, just east of the Anglo-Saxon tower, has opened into a sort of tran-
Beptal chapel or pair of chapels, the lower one into a smaller chapel to the
east of it. The south wall is nearly all gone, but it is easy to see that
it had a large chapel to the south, lying east of the present parish chancel,
and which did not reach to the extreme east end of the monks' choir.
The remains to the west of the tower are more perplexing. There was
a large building whose gable can still be traced, and into which the blocked
arches in the north wall of the parish church must at some time have
opened. But I could see no signs of any communication between it and
the tower, as the original western doorway of the tower was blocked, and
no later arch was cut through as on the eastern side. This of course re-
minds one of Wymondham, and might lead to the belief that this was part
of the parish church. This may very likely have been the case ; only there
is a rather puzzling cross wall, running north and south, with an east
window in it, and helping to block the arch in the north wall of the parish
chancel. A space is thus left between the west wall of the Ang\p. Saxon
tower and the east end of the north aisle of the parish church, which must,
as the blocked arch and gable-line show, have once been covered, but
which seems afterwards to have been uncovered.
On the north of these buildings was clearly a cloister whose eastern wall
was prolonged from the eastern wall of the Anglo-Saxon tower.
I am writing here entirely without books, but I have had a few historical
notices sent me by hiends^ which may perhaps go a little way towards ex-
• WabrumfM, W^burn, or Wabom Priory, Norfolk. Tanner says that " Sir Ralph
Meyngarin, Knight (temp. Hen. II.), founded a priory of Benedictines here." — (Notit,
GxNT. Mao. Vol. CCXX. x
70 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [July,
plaining some of these yery curious phenomena. A church here is men-
tioned in Domesday ; of this we may safely set down the Anglo-Saxon
tower as being a relic. Its date I do not profess to fix. It is clearly in
the old native form of Romanesque which preceded the introduction of the
" novum compositionis genus," or Norman style, by Eadward the Confessor.
That native form did, as we know from the case of the Lincoln churches,
under certain circumstances survive the Conquest, and such a place as
Waybourne is where one might expect it to linger longest. It is therefore
quite possible that this tower may have been a new one at the time of the
Domesday survey, and the church may even have been mentioned in it on
that account. But the work is so very rude, so much more so for instance
than the Lincoln churches, that I am inclined to think it must be one of the
earlier rather than one of the later examples of my third class of Anglo-Saxon
buildings. T place it in the third class because it is essentially a stone con-
struction ; except it be in the triangular heads, there is no trace of " stone-
carpentry" about it. Perhaps we may place it early in the eleventh cen-
tury, but all such dates must be quite conjectural.
The other fact is that a Priory of Austin Canons was founded here by
one Ralph Ma3mgaryn or Mainwaring, in the reign of Henry the Second
or John. There can be no doubt that the greater part of the present
buildings, the few details of which agree with the later of the two dates,
were raised in connexion with this foundation. But the founder must have
set about the work in a curious way. The common process would have been
either to build the Priory church altogether distinct from the parish
church, or else, as at Binham and Wymondham, to raise a large cruciform
building, of which the eastern limb should belong to the monks and the
western to the parish. The founder of Waybourne followed neither plan.
He seems to have taken the old parish church, preserved its western tower,
built his monks' choir on the site of the rest, and to have rebuilt the parish
church to the south-west, with its chancel partly abutting on the old tower.
The phsenomena to the west of the Anglo-Saxon tower and to the north of
the parish church I do not profess altogether to explain. They can hardly
MonoH.f Norfolk, 28.) And he refers to Mon. Ang., torn. L p. 490. But the editors of
the new edition of the Moncutioon (vol. vi p. 591) refer to the Continnator of Blomfield's
" History of Norfolk," (vol. v. p. 966, or new edition, ix. 446) ; and as the account in
the MoMuticon is extremely meagre, we give the preference to Blomfield or his Con-
tinnator. He says that " Hugh de Abrincis, Earl of Chester, had a g^nt from the
Conqueror of tliis lordship, which was held in the time of Edward the Confessor by
Hacon, or Hagan, son of Swan, eldest son of Earl Godwin, and elder brother of King
Harold." [Did he build the Saxon church ?] Ralph II., Earl of Chester in the time
of King John, was most probably the founder of the Priory, which was for Augos-
tinians, and not Benedictines. " At a place here called Wayborne Hope was a fortifica-
tion ; the shore is stony, and the sea so deep, that ships may ride here and lie against
it ; the Danes are said to have landed here on their invasions." [Can the ruins de-
sflkbed by Mr. Freeman have been connected with the fortifications P J — Ed.
I860.] Wayboume Churchy Norfolk. 71
be unravelled without having the whole thing thoroughly examined, mea-
sured, mapped, and drawn in detail, by a professional architect^.
It may be worth while to compare the half-monastic, half-parochial,
ehurch of Wayboume, with its purely monastic neighbour at Beeston^
This is also a thirteenth century building, and also quite a small monas-
tery ; but at Beeston there is a distinct parish church, a good way off
from the Priory; consequently the latter is altogether uninfluenced by
parochial requirements, consequently also it is now wholly in ruins. It is
a small cruciform church, about 150 feet long, without aisles ; its choir
has a very good range of lancet windows. There are two curious things
about it ; one that it seemed, as far as I could make out, to have lost its
Booth transept in Perpendicular times, at all events the south arch of the
lantern was blocked by a tall octagonal turret of that date. The other is
the addition in the Decorated period of eastern chapels to the north traiv-
aept, the northern one of which is prolonged so as to run parallel with the
choir, like, to compare great things with small, the Lady Chapel at Ely.
Not far off is the splendid church of Cley-next-the-Sea, one of the finest
parochial Decorated naves in England, but with a tower and chancel quite
unworthy of it. Blakeney too is a striking church, with a bold turret,
evidently intended as a hght-house, at the north-east corner of the chancel.
This same chancel terminates in a composition of seven lancets, and, as I
could see through the windows, has that most rare finish for an English
parish church, a stone- vaulted roof. You will therefore judge of my dis-
appointment at having to satisfy myself with this glimpse through the
windows, it being impossible to make out the whereabouts of the key^.
Binham Priory I have already mentioned as one of the best examples of
the complete parish church formed within the nave of a large minster. As
fur as I could make out from the ruins, it struck me that the east end must
have had an apse, with something like the retrochoir at Peterborough
beyond it. The group of places called Bumham contain one or two churches
^ STLVAKTrs Ubban will be obliged if any of his Norfolk friends can supply him
with a plan and sketches of these interesting ruins.
^ At Beeston a Priory of Austin Canons was founded in the time of King John
or Henry III. by Lady Margai'et de Cressy. (Mon. Aug., vi. 668.)
' SYLVAKcrB Ubban was more fortunate than Mr. Freeman when he visited this
remarkable church in 1845 ; he succeeded in finding the key and gained admittance.
The chancel has a groined vault, but low, and has a room or chapel over it, an ar-
rangement which is not common, but which occurs in some other instances. The seven
lancets at the east end are divided by shafts into separate windows, each with its own
dripstone, connected by the terminating bosses ; there is a reoess for the altar uncler the
east window, and one for the Easter sepulchre on the north side, and the sedilia have
trefoiled arches under square heads. The windows have Perpendicular tracery inserted,
and there are, or were, remains of a fine Perpendicular screen and stalls. A Carmelite
Friary was founded at Blakeney about the 24th Edward I., kJ), 1296, and the build-
tngi were completed in 1321. (Mon. Ang., vi. 1,572.)
72 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban, [J^ly,
worth notice, but the next great object, and the last in my present East-
Anglian tour, was the noble Decorated church at Snettisham. Its choir
and north transept are gone ; I do not know whether the choir belonged
to any dissolved foundation, or whether it is simply an instance of the yile
Norfolk custom — of which Cromer is so infamous an example — of letting
the chancel go to ruin without even this shadow of an excuse. One
naturally compares Snettisham with Cley. Nave against nave, it is hard
to tell which to prefer ; the proportions are better at Cley, and the clere-
story is much finer, but the clustered pillars at Snettisham have a great
advantage over the mere octagons at Cley. Taking the two churches as
wholes, there can be no doubt that the cruciform shape — the transepts at
Cley are mere transeptal chapels — the noble west front, and the grand
tower and spire, put Snettisham, as an architectural design, far above its
rival.
I will end these rather desultory remarks with a story. You perhaps
know how three adjoining shops in Oxford used to make up the sentence
** "Wise Parsons Hunt." This sentiment I leave to be judged of by the
new Regius Professor of History at Cambridge, but there^ can be no doubt
that " Wise Parsons" leave the key of the church with the clerk. To be
sure, some extra wise ones on the marches of Worcestershire and Glouces-
tershire keep their churches always open, but this is a sort of senior wran-
glership in wisdom which one cannot look for in every one. But he is
decidedly an unwise parson who makes every wandering antiquary come to
his house, and he is extra unwise who submits them to a personal cate-
chism. Such an one I came across in the course of my East-Anglian
rambles, a goodly man, in a fine M.B. waistcoat, who clearly " thought
no small beer" of himself. I made my best bow — ^tlie best at least that
a wide-awake allowed — and asked leave to see the inside of the church.
" I am very willing to show my church, but I must first know who
people are whom I admit." I told him my name. " I don't know you"
— proving, I ventured to think, ignorance of Sylvanus XJbban as
well. Being asked again, I told him at greater length. Then came the
climax. " I don't know you. Do you know me ? Are you a Norfolk
tnanP^* This last escapade might have divided one between anger and
laughter, had not the sight of one of the finest parochial interiors in
England been at stake, and had I not had visions of a patriotic East-
Anglian posse comitates gathering, at their pastor's bidding, to take
summary vengeance on the profane Mercian or West-Saxon intruder. At
last however the great man somehow became mollified, and, non-Norfolk
man as I was, I was admitted within the walls of the East-Anglian sanc-
tuary. I cannot say however that I was quite in the same frame of mind
for enjoying its beauties as in the case of those churches where I had not
to go through a purgatory of insolence before I made my way within the
precincts of paradise. Where this happened I will not say, further than
I860.] Steeton Hall, Sherbum-in-Ulmet^ Yorkshire. 73
that it was at one of the noblest fourteenth-century churches in Norfolk
and not at Cley-next-the-Sea.
I can say, from very extensive experience, that impertinence, incivility, or
anything but courtesy and something much more than courtesy, is the rarest
thing in the world on the part of an English clergyman. Their fault is
certainly quite on the other side, an occasional tendency to killing one with
kindness. Still, if only as a remarkable natural phsenomenon, it is just as
well that antiquaries in general should know how curious a specimen to
the contrary may be found under the shadow of one of the finest parish
churches in England. I am, &c.,
Edwaed a. Ebeeman.
Cannockf Stafford, June Sth, 1860.
STEETON HALL, SHERBURN-IN-ELMET, YORKSHIRE.
Mb. UBBAier, — ^The traveller into York- can alone decipher by the doubtful light
shire by the North- Eastern R^way, who of mediseval heraldry, yet planted about
should leave the line at the well-known Mil- with stately trees, and with a notable air
ford Junction, and cross the flat meadows of old gentility ; it is a fine example of
and plough-lands towards Milford village, those mysterious monuments which are
would come, in about two miles or under, felt to constitute such a principal charm
to a manor-house of the middle ages, called of wandering through historic lands like
" Steeton HaU." It seems almost to have ours.
iped observation, for I have failed to We pass through the village of Milford,
find more than one short mention of it; and having pursued for a short distance
bat it well deserves inspection and study further a narrow country road, turn at
as a curious vestige of early domestic length through a stile and cross a mea-
architecture in more than one style, and dow, and find ourselves suddenly, before
as a copioas and well-preserved record, we are aware, under a Gothic gateway of
through its thirty sculptured shields of good proportions, lavishly adorned with
arms, of ancient family tenure, neighbour- arms and sculpture, through which we
hood, and alliance. pass into the court-yard of the house.
The house is now so small and ruined, which stands retired from the gate about
such a mere irregular fragment of what fifty paces.
it has been, and withal so altered in our This gateway, being the fbst thing that
own time, that it is perhaps impossible to presents itself, shall be made the first ob-
restore, even in imagination, its original ject of our present description. It is
form and proportions ; and the points of handsomely built of fine ashlar masonry,
curiosity which remain about it must out of the magnetian Umestone of the snr-
therefore be taken singly, for their own rounding district, and must be regarded
separate interest, rather than as connected as a work of the fifteenth century, though
portions of a uniform and intelligible struc- there are forms and mouldings used in its
tore. Broken now in all directions, and construction which at first sight appear
in many places disguised by thick masses to be incongruous, and which might po6«
of closely embracing ivy, its cracks and ubly puzzle an experienced observer who
angles rank with male fern and the com- should not carefully consider it as a whole,
mon spleen-wort, its story all immemorial Perplexed with Norman-looking vault-
and forgotten, with no clue nor record of ing and arches, with lancet-looking and
its ancient lords but such as an antiquary geometrical mouldings, with square-headed
74
Correspondence of Sylvama Urban.
[July,
trefoil and ogee-headed doors, and shields
of arms that shew the present differences^
and therefore can scarcely he earlier than
the last half of the fifteenth centnry, there
18 yet no appearance of the shields having
been later insertions, nor of the whole
work being other than one and cotem-
poraneous. 'With a very singular absence
of the usual distinctive marks, the general
fades must be described as Perpendicular,
It may be proper, if possible, in such
a case as this, to discuss the gateway with
a minuteness of detail which may enable
the reader to judge of it for himself. It is
a quadrangular structure, with two arched
passages as usual — the principal one in the
centre for horsemen and carriages, and
the other, to the left of it, narrow for foot-
men. Hinges remain in the outer wall,
ehewing that these two entrances were
formerly defended on that side by strong
doors. Tlieir arches are both segmental-
headed, and the smaller approaches nearly
to a semicircle. They fall into the jambs
continuously, without capitals, and with a
simple chamfer; in the smaller arch the
chamfer is hollowed. The groining of
each archway is of the fashion commonly
seen in Norman work. Thus the principal
entrance is under a simple vault, with
square ribs crossing diagonally in two round
arches, and joining the opposite angles.
These ribs rest on corbels, three of which
are nondescript, while the fourth has an
under chamfered Norman aspect. The
smaller passage has a cylindrical vault,
with a parallel set of round sub-arches,
like the aisles of small Norman churches.
There is a chamber over each vault, with
approaches from the court-yard. A spiral
stair starting from a plain round door on
the ground, and terminating in a square-
headed trefoil, leads into the larger room
above; and an external flight of stone
steps through an acute ogee arch into the
smaller. The square-headed trefoil has
a carved head under each cusp in the sof-
fit, with an ornamental effect ; but there
is, as I have said, a marked absence of
characteristic mouldings, indioating date
through all the features of this gateway.
The larger chamber has a low gabled
roof^ slated with thick stone, within the
square and plainly-embattled top of the
gateway, which overhangs somewhat above
the corbel-table. It was lighted towards
the north or north-east, in the outer front,
by a square-headed trefoil, on which side
there is a projecting chimney belonging to
this room, supported on a curious small
corbel- table of men's heads and cats' heads ;
towards the house it was lighted by a
plain ogee. A simple quatrefoil on the
east or south-east lighted the smaller
chamber. A gargoyle in either firont pro-
jects from the centre of the wall.
The overhanging parapet of the gate-
way rests on a remarkable oorbel-table of
armorial shields, alternating with the usual
conventional scalpture; and these arms,
before they perish, may deserve such record
as I can now furnish, with a view to their
interpretation. Away from libraries I can
at present identify but few of them with
certainty, though doubtless we have here
abundant materials for an unwritten chap-
ter of old county and family history. I
saw them hastily too, and must speak of
them according to my limited opportu-
nities. The bearings, so far as they could
be certainly read without a glass, may be
thus registered in order, if I suppose my-
self standing under the outer front, and
reckoning round from left to right : —
(1.) A chevron hetioeen 8 Uong ram-
pant. This coat occurs also in ancient
glass in the west window of the parish
church, viz. Sherburn-in-Elmet, with the
arms of Cardinal Kemp, Roos, Ry ther, Vi-
pont, and others. Also on the south-west
buttress of the debased tower, and on the
outer door of the porch. The field is gu.,
the chevron erm., the lions or. It proba-
bly must represent Lanffton of Yorkshire,
though I have not been able to connect
that family with Sherbum or Steeton;
and evidently points to the period of Car-
dinal John Kemp, titular of St Balbina
and legate of the Holy See, who was
Archbishop of York from 1426 to 1451,
and had a palace close by Sherburn Church,
of which the earthworks, partly enclosed
in the churchyard, are stiU plain to be
seen.
(2.) A bend indented with estoiU in
sinister chief comer (? Beigate).
I860.] Steeton Hall, Sherbum-in-Elmet, Yorkshire.
75
(3.) A lend qf5Jktsils conjoined at their
obtuse angles. This bearing is upon an
oval shield set bendwise on the bracket.
It represents the name and family of Rey-
gaie of Steeton, and is referred to in the
following passage of Gough's Camden (m.
288), which contains the only notice that
I have seen of this house : — " Not far from
Sherburne to the south-west is Steeton,
or Stiveton Hall, formerly a seat of the
fSunily of Reygate, which came by mar-
riage many years ago to the family of
Foljambe of Aldwark, and is the property
of Frauds Farrand Foljambe, Esq., who
is lord of the manor. A great deal of the
<^d building is standing, but some of it in
rains, about which are the arms of Reygate
and other families in the stone-work."
Tlus coat, with an annulet for differ-
eace, occurs twice in stone upon the porch
of Sherburn Church. Also, without the
annulet, it may be seen in a small chapel
opening eastward out of the porch, at-
tached to a fragment of a beautiful rood
figured in Dr. Whittaker's " Loidis and
Elmete," which was dug up many years
ago in a comer of the churchyard, and
having two similar faces, was sawn in two,
one half being placed in this porch*chapel
at Sherburn, and the other set over an old
front door at Steeton HalL
The Steeton half is still to be seen there,
mnch decayed but very handsome, and a
striking object as one enters through the
gateway. This Reygate coat, repeated
agun on this corbel-table, and also, as we
■hall soon see, on the house itself, when
taken in connection with Gough's notice
just quoted, informs us that great part of
what now remains at Steeton was built
by that family during their tenure. But
how they became possessed of the place at
first, or when it passed from them by
marriage to the Foljambes, (as Qough
■ays,) I have nowhere yet been able to
discover. A passage in the Collee. Topog,
et Geneal, (L 361) relates that, « In 37
Henry VIII. the King grants to Godfrey
Foljambe, Sen., and Godfrey Foljambe,
Jun., the custody of the manor of Steeton,
Com. Ebor., and 200 acres of land, 40 acres
of meadow, 100 acres of waste, and 20
acres of land in Steeton," &c
It will be seen, when we come to speak
of the chapel, that the foundation of the
house probably dates back to the end of
the twelfth or beginning of the thirteenth
century, somewhere about the year 1200.
(4.) Three estoiles, 2 andl, and a can*
ton dexter.
(5.) A chevron between 3 goats* (?) heada
eouped,
(6.) .... icithin . . . cross-croslets
fitchy in orle. This may probably be the
second quartering of the Ry ther coat, for-
merly, if not now, existing in glass in
Harewood Great Hall, viz., " Arg., a lioQ's
head erased between 8 cross-croslets fitchy
in orle az."
(7.) Party per bend 2 bars ; (or, over
2 bars a lend.) (? Leghe of Middleton.)
(8.) Reygate, with the annulet.
(9.) A chevron between 3 leopards?
faces, (? PoUington, or Wentworth.)
(10.) A chevron bretessy between 8
storks' (?) heads erased,
(11.) Quarterly of^a bend sinister,
(12.) Two bars between 8 martlets, 8, 2,
2, and 1. (? Marley.)
(13.) A chevron between 3 fiewr-de-lys,
(? Belasyze, Lowther, Pickering, Green.)
(14.) A , , , . with a label of S points
in chief,
(15.) On a chief (or in chief) 3 crossei
formy.
This coat may be the one mentioned by
Gough as formerly to be seen amongst
other quarterings, on a large stone pre-
served in his time in the vestry at Sher-
burne, "which appears to have been a
monument or part of one." It belonged
probably to a tomb of the Langtons, as it
shewed the "lion and chevron" coat (No.
1 in this list) impaling quarterly of 6,
and in the third quarter *' 3 crosses patty
in chief."
(16.) Two bars getnels and a chief.
(? Thomhill or MeynilL)
(17.) A lion rampant, (? Aldburgh of
Harewood Castle.)
The principal devices that alternate
with these shields on the corbel-table are
a coiled and eared serpent, a man's head
with a bird, an estoiled boss, a wreathed
head as on Roman coins, grotesque heads
and mask, a monkey, another monkey
76
Corretpondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[July,
with conventional tail over back, a ram's
head, &c.
We proceed now from the gateway to
the house itself. Its shattered ruin,
patched in various bad styles and periods,
may be described as consisting of a centre
and one wing, the former with a mode-
rately ancient " debased*' door, now deco-
rated with the Sherbum rood; and the
latter with a row of old shields under the
eaves, contemporaneous, and in good part
identical, with those on the gateway just
recorded. The wing includes the Early
Pginted chapel, the most curious vestige
that time has left here. There is a coat
of arms over the debased door, of compa-
ratively recent aspect, and probably point-
ing to some "restorer," viz., A chevron
engrailed between 3 suns in splendour. It
ought of course to be easy to appropriate
this shield; but for want of references
I have not been able to determine it
hitherto.
The chapel, a spiral staircase now de-
stroyed, and an old fireplace of great
capacity, were the only curiosities that I
could see or hear of in the interior.
The first alone requires description. No
longer a chapel now, it has been dese-
crated many years, and divided into three
compartments, a side passage, parlour, and
dining-room. In the two former of these
the very curious low early -lancet groining
has been suffered to remain, an example
of unusual simplicity and interest; but
unfortunately removed in the latter, and
replaced by a common ceiling. This roof
has only cross-springer and diagonal ribs
very rudely chamfered, which fall down
low into the walls on each side. There is
no ridge-rib nor boss in the apex of the
vault, the height of which is inconsider-
able. In one corner of what is now the
dining-room may still be seen the old
piscina, declaring the original use of the
place. It is ogee-headed and large, of less
antiquity than the chapel. In the en-
closing walls are several no-style windows,
not deserving description. One, however,
appears to be the work of the Keigates,
judging from its style and the shields
above it. It is a single light, with tre-
foiled cusping and ogee head. The wall
9
in which this light is set, and which is
surmounted by the row of arms next to
be quoted, is much later than the groined
roof within, so far at least as the outer
face and upper part are concerned.
The shields from left to right come
thus : —
(1.) Reygate, with the annulet.
(2.) A masonic device with compasses
and square (on a shield).
(3.) On a chiefs crosses formy.
(4.) A fess and label of 5 points,
(? Birkin.)
(5.) Three sexfoils, 2 and 1. (? Darcy.)
(6.) Quarterly of^a bend sinister,
(7.) Three crescents, 2 and 1. Ryther
of Ryther and Harewood. This coat is
in old glass in the west window of Sher-
bum.
(8.) Reygate, with estoile in place of
annulet,
(9.) Fusily. (? Pitzwilliam.)
(10.) Ryther again.
(11.) A lion rampant. (? Aldburgh.)
(12.) Party per fess dancetty. (? Va-
vasour.)
(13.) Freity of 8 pieces, (P Huddle-
ston.)
Alternating with these arms are other
sculptures, as on the gateway, viz., a head,
an estoile, a fieur-de-lys, a sexfoil sur-
rounded by nine stars all within a circle,
a geometrical device with circles and
squares, and a calfs head. But chief pre-
eminently among these, in the estimation
of the villagers around, is the figure of
some animal, apparently an ass, which
has been held in immemorial superstition
by the vulgar of the neighbourhood, and
known as " Steeton Beckitt." It is dis-
tinguished from the other sculpture of the
oorbcl-table by a somewhat larger size,
and by being made the support of a small
bartizan or projecting turret ; and, as the
popular story goes, this " Reckitt" con-
veyed the stone for building the house
fr>om quarries beyond Milford Junction.
The present occupier, Mr. Kelsey, who ii
reasonably much interested in the history
of St«eton, and pleased to shew it to any
visitor, told me this old-fashioned story,
which I had previously heard with slight
local differences in many other parts of
I860.] Steeton Hall, Sherbum-in-Elmet, Yorkshire.
77
England, and which will doubtless be re-
cognised by many readers.
In the south aisle of the nave of Sher-
bom Church was formerly a chantry be-
longing to this house, and still called the
"Steeton Chapel/' in which the piscina
remains. Here are three low-arched re-
ceases in the wall, extending westward
towards the porch, which may, some time,
have held eflSgies of the founder and his
family; but all that is out of mind. A
mural taUet, however, set over the piscina,
remembers Peter Foljambe of Steeton,
who died in 1668. Here are his arms, and
crest, and a Latin legend. He bears a
be»d hetfoeen 6 escallops, impaling a chev*
ro» between 8 crosses fwmy fitchy, for
the names of Fo\jambe and Wooderoffe ;
the lady was a coheiress.
There are four fiur Perpendicular win-
dows in this chantry, but of new appear-
ance. This noble church has recently
been restored.
There are at least two other Steetons,
or (more properly) Stivetons, in Yorkshire,
at no great distance from our Steeton-in-
Sherbum. This circumstance is liable to
lead to confusion, in consulting records
about any of the three, unless proper care
be taken to distinguish between them.
One of these is Steeton of the Fairfaxes,
near Bolton Percy; and the other is
Steeton-in-Airedale, an ancient manor of
the Plumptons, held under the Lords
Percy. I am indebted to a gentleman in
Oxford for some extracts from Dodsworth's
MSS. relating to these Steetons; but it
is not possible, in every case, to infer which
is meant, without special investigation.
The following seem to point plainly to
Steeton-in-Sherbum : —
" Ralph de Wilgeby gives ten marks for
•eisin of lands in Steeton and Micklegate,
which he holds of the Archbishop of York."
(? Walter de Grey.)— MS. cxxiv., 85.
A " Con6rmation by the Pope of a deed
of Ralph Wileby and Robert his son
granting lands in Sherbnm for the sup-
port of a chaplun at Steveton." — (cxxv. 4.)
The date of this deed is unfortunately
not sufficiently expressed in the MS. ; but
it is apparently to the ancient family of
Wileby that wo are to look for the
Geht. Mao. Vol. CCiX.
founders of the house and chapel at Stee-
ton, probably early in the thirteenth
century,
A " Charter of Walter, Archbishop of
Canterbury, endowing the Treasurership
of York with the tithes of Steeton, Sher-
burne, &c., on its separation from the
Archdeaconry : 1313— 1327."— (cxxv. 86.)
Finally, it is manifest that while I have
attempted to pourtray as exactly as pos-
sible the architectural peculiarities, herald-
ical curiosities, and present condition of
Steeton Hall, I have yet left its history
much as I found it, in a condition of
almost total obscurity. I am entitled to
attribute it to my distance from libraries
that I have ascertained nothing about the
Wilebys, beyond the presumption that
a family of that name founded the old
house and chapel somewhere about the
year 1200; little or nothing about the
Reigates, who, succeeding to it at some
time to me unknown, reared the gateway
and mnch of the house about the middle
of the fifteenth century, and were gone
in the reign of Henry VIII., when it
seems to have passed to the Foljambes of
Aldwark (as Gough says) by marriage;
and nothing of Steeton since the Fol-
jambes sold it, except that it is now the
property of a gentleman named Paver.
The thirty-one shields of arms that yet
remain on the edifice are (mainly, I think,
for the same reason) very partially iden-
tified, and scarcely at all accounted for in
this description. These are the points
that remain to be elucidated. Still I
have done what I could; and it may be
something to have called attention to such
a place, hidden (as it is) among trees, in
a low situation, and obscure locality, out
of sight of ordinary travellers. It may
incline some Yorkshire antiquary, with
greater opportunities and facilities than
I have had, to work the several matters
at present left doubtful into their proper
connection and historical relationship. If
this be done, then the meagre account
which I conclude to-day will seem to re-
ceive a sufficient justification.
I am, &c.,
T. W. NOBWOOD.
Cheltenham, May 10, 1860.
78
[July,
HISTORICiX AND MISCELLANEOTJS REVIEWS.
A Concise History of England, By
John Edwabds, Author of "A Hist<J^
of the English Language." (Longmans.)
— We have never been so fortunate as to
meet with Mr. Edwards' " History of the
English Language/' but if we may judge
of that work by the present, we have not
much cause for regret. This " History"
is described by the writer as " an attempt
to narrate in a concise but interesting
manner the leading events of English
history, from the earliest times to our
own day;" he has treated "an old and
^miliar subject with some freshness and
originality," and his labours, he presumes,
" may be of use to studious members of
our Working Men's Colleges and Me-
chanics' Institutions." We have a sincere
respect for the promoters and students
of such establishments, and we therefore
advise them to have nothing to do with
it. It is quite as bad a book as any of the
School Histories that passed under our
notice some time since *, and the fact that
a respectable house has been found to pub-
lish it, shews that not much progress as
has yet been made in the much -needed
rectification of our small Histories of
England.
As this is a book of some pretension,
it may be necessary to notice the " view "
of its author. This, we are happy to find,
is ultra-Liberal, and Church and King are
very properly subordinated to the " fourth
estate." A sort of resumS of the British
constitution occurs near the end, in which,
with an eye probably to the ** Usurpation
by the Lords" question, the reader is told
that the House of Peers "have no right
to interfere with money bills ;" statements
of the supreme power of the Commons
turn up every now and then, and of course
in all contests authority is shewn always
to have been in the wrong. The sentence
on Charles I. "was, perhaps, unjust and
cruel, but he was the victim of his own
■ Gent. Mao., March, 1859, p. 261, and June,
p. 594.
obstinacy and insincerity ;" Cromwell was
" the greatest prince that has ever ruled
England;" the ejected ministers of St.
Bartholomew's day were " the most pious
and learned in England ; " and the Cove-
nanters |were ^" an inoffensive population,
whoso only crime was their desire to wor-
ship God according to their own con-
sciences."
It is possible that some " studious mem-
bers of working men's colleges" may,
from want of sufiicient information, not
readily see the fallacy of such statements
as these, and we shall not lose time in
arguing upon them ; we prefer to cite a
few instances of the ridiculous inaccuracy
as to well-known matters of fact which
we meet with in every page, and our
readers may then judge for themselves as
to the value of the opinions of so super-
ficial a writer. To begin with early times,
we learn from Mr. Edwards, what we do
not find in CsBSir's Commentaries, that at
his first coming he passed " but four days
in Britain," and at his second, that Cas-
sivclaunus submitted to Cssar, " and his
example was followed by the great tribe
of the Trinobantes." We also see that
Boadicea was "marching home in tri-
umph" when defeated by Suetonius, which
is a valuable correction of the statement
of older writers. We also see that Carau-
sius was " a piratical chief," and the three
chiules of Hengist and Horsa are pom-
pously described as " a Saxon squadron in
the Channel."
As we get lower down in the stream
of history, we are gratified to learn that
Egbert " had been educated at the Court
of Charlemagne in France ;" that Alfred
defeated Hubba and took the raven banner
in Devonshire at the very time that he
was hiding in Atholney ; but we are con-
cerned to say, that we have not the story
about the burnt cakes. However, we find
other things nearly as true ; as that Har-
dicanuto, who dnp^ up his brother's body
and betrayed Eadulf, was " of a mild and
I860.]
Edwards^ a Concise History of England.
79
generons character, and a good governor ;"
that Stigand crowned William I.; and that
the curfew was a Saxon precaution against
fire, which he revived.
Better authorities than Mr. Edwards
have maintained that Becket was a Saxon,
and therefore we shall not quarrel with
him for that, but we see something new
in the penance of Henry, who "walked
on his hare knees seven times round the
tomb of A'Becket." There is equally the
charm of novelty about the statement
that Richard I. was mortally wounded
before Chinon ; that the wife of Edward
I. was called Philippa of Hoinault ; that
** Hotspur, Earl Percy," was the son of
the "Duke of Northumberland," and that
Douglas was killed with him at Shrews-
bury. We were not aware before, that
Thorpe the Lollard was burnt with Sau-
tre; and we thought that the French
fiictions were the Orleanists and Burgun-
dians, but we readily bow to the decision
that they were "the Orleanists and Ar-
magnacs." Henry VI., too, we are pleased
to find, was crowned king of France at
Paris, when but a few months old. We
leam also that the Duke of Gloucester was
" committed to the Tower, where he was
shortly afberwards found dead;" and it
may interest antiquarian readers to be
told that Doomsday is now preserved in
that fortress.
The brief reigpi of Edward V. is told
with some important variations from the
received account. " The young King and
his brother were taken to London by their
mother Elizabeth;" "Earl Hastings" is
" one of the Queen's friends ;" it is after
the princes are lodged in the Tower that
Gloucester "commences" his machina-
tions; and it is only after he has been
chosen king that he " hastens to London,"
which would seem to exonerate him from
the death of Hastings, who had been ex«
ecuted a fortnight before.
Such are a few, and but a few, of the
gpross errors that have caught our eye in
turning over this proposed manual for the
"studious." To point all out would be
too serious a task, and we will content
ourselves with referring our readers to the
papers before mentioned. The minority
of the errors there enumerated they will
find carefully reproduced by Mr. Edwards,
with the addition of many of his own
making. Of his dates, whether we turn
to the battles of Hastings or of Culloden,
the death of Prince William in the twelfth
century or of Qaeen Caroline in the nine-
teenth, we can hardly find a correct one.
We scarcely understand what he means in
giving as a heading " House of Hanover
restored," nor can we tell what to make
of the information —
" Commontoealik,
** Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, be-
gan to reign, 1649.
"Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector,
1653.
" House of Stuart restored, 1658."
This gem forms part of a Table of Eng-
lish Sovereigns from Egbert to Victoria,
from which Edmund Ironside is omitted ;
which tells us that Lionel, Duke of Cla-
rence, was the second son of Edward III.,
and that Edward the Confessor was "de-
scended from Ethelred II.," as if half-a-
dozen generations had intervened.
We have bestowed this lengthened no-
tice on a very worthless book, as we con-
ceive that it will justify the remark that
no really useful and reliable short History
of England will ever be produced until
some one shall be found who, though he
has accumulated materials for twenty
volumes, will be self-denying enough to
give their substance in one. Until then.
Elementary Histories, and Popular His-
tories, and Concise Histories will remain
very much what they now are — the moat
unsatisfactory part of English literature.
A House for the Suburbs; Socially and
Architecturally Sketched, By Thomas
MoBBis, M.R.I.B.A. (London : all Book-
seUers (!) 1860.) 8vo., xii. and 136 pp., and
8 plates. — A work which professes to be
published by "all Booksellers" must ob-
viously be intended to have every chance
of publicity, and is a fair object for criti-
cism, although the usual custom of sending
a copy for review has not been complied
with, and it might poesibly happen that
" what is everybody'i bu&ness is nobody'i
80
Miscellaneotu Reviews.
[July,
business," and oonseqaently that the book
is to be seen nowhere, and to be obtained
only of the author. We should never have
known of its existence had we not aod-
dentally seen a laudatory notice of it in
a cotemporary journal, which excited our
euriosity, and induced us to procure a copy
and give some account of it to our readers.
The author and his subject appear to be
admirably suited to each other; the
*' Houses in the Suburbs'' [of London] are
notoriously of *' Cockney" character, and
the book is as genuine a specimen of
** Cockneyism" as we ever remember to
have met with; the atmosphere of the
suburbs and of the kingdom of Cockayne
breathes in every page of it. The distin-
guishing characteristic of Cockneyism is
affectation, the attempt to be always fine
and genteel; and this is equally the
character of the book. The author takes
care to let us know that he has always
been accustomed to genteel society in
the Suburbs, and therefore knows what
is wanted by genteel people, and shews
that he is the man to supply their wants.
He appears to have an instinctive feeling
that his book may be conndered as be-
longing to the Cockney school, and there-
fore in an early page sets up this defence
for it : —
''This has lately been stig^matized as
'Cockney fashion;' but let me in all
courtesy suggi-st that there is no ground
for sarcasm ; — nothing is Cockney that
does not violate fitness and simpHcity.
The different conditions of life, apart from
relative status, render widely different
things appropriate and convenient. 'A
cottage with a double coach-house' was an
obvious incongruity, and fairly became
the sport of the satirist. But for one of
more vaulting ambition there are many
'huiiible livers in content,' who, though
fond of pure air, gladly leave predial re-
forms to the able hands of Mr. Mechi ;
spade and fork husbandry to the cbam«
pionship of Miss Martineau; and the
poultry-yard to another 'blue,' with all
its interesting details of gallinaceous phy>
ttology." — (p. 10.)
The author has evidently been long in
practice, or has succeeded to an extensive
practice, as he tells us that he has selected
the plana with which he fiivoors us from
a large number that have been built
within the last twenty years; and we
must say that the designs, and plans, and
the book altogether seem to be far better
suited for the ideas of twenty years ago
than for the present day.
The pretty picture of "A House in
the Suburbs," which forms the frontis-
piece, is just in that mongrel style which
our fathers admired, and which is mis-
called Elizabethan; it is a libel on the
really great architects of the EUzabethan
era to call this modem Cockney imita-
tion by this name. We are favoured also
with the ground-plan and the " chamber
story," and the " mezzanine story" of this
same mansion, and a most elaborate affair
it is, with no less than forty -seven refer-
ences to the various chambers, &o., of the
ground-plan only ; and in this instance we
are furnished with a scale, an advantage
not allowed to the other plans. We find
that this house occupies an area of nearly
two hundred feet in depth and upwards of
one hundred in width. In this space are
included four distinct ranges of building
and two courts, one called "the drying
ground," the other " the farm-yard." We
should have called one the servants' court,
the other the stable-yard, but our good
fHends in the Suburbs are fond of grandi-
loquence and affectation, and the object of
the book being to please thcm^ we hope it
will succeed.
In the smaller plans of a " Mantionette
near Wimbledon Park," " Semi-detached
Houses," and " The Compact House built
near BUckheath," we are not favoured
with any scale, bat we are led to infer
that none of them require more than a
quarter of an acre of gpround, and that
half an acre is sufficient to include not
only the house and stables, with conserva-
tory and vinery, but also "two lawns, a
flower-garden and a kitchen-g^arden, ter-
race, lamp(!) stable-yard, kitchen-court,
and jet d'Eau !" There is certaiuly much
ingenuity displayed in the manner in
which all these are arranged, and a palace
compressed into the space allowed in the
country for a cottage and cottager's gar-
den. But the main object of all the de-
lignB seems to be to please the Cockney
Bvrrowtft Pats and Clots.
I860.]
taste fbr diipliy nther tluai comfbrt.
'nie coDumtor; it nlwtji « conapicnooB
olfject, bat in no lingle imttmce does a
dnwing-Toom window op«D into it, which
to K lad; who b fond of attending to
her flowsn it almost inditpeouble. But
we wirii to take leave of Mr. Horrii
on (Hendlj tonnt j we lieiieve him to be
(judging bf hii book alone) a thorooghly
kind-hcKTted, weli-meaniog Cockney of
the old acfaool, and he hai prodoeed a book
•tarj naeful in it« whj, contuning ■enaible
adviee, Htd verj initable to the "geniett
•ocietf of the Sabarba."
We mbjirin a few eitraeta to joati^ our
opinion; —
"'A HoDH for the Soborbs,' howeier,
baa not appeared to demand eitreme pre-
ciaion, bnt to admit of adeqiiate repreaett'
tatio» iff thf ckaracUruiHg Uitei, arlictt-
latiiig dolt, and npporting Uneha of a
■ketch, ratlier than to call for the elabo-
rstion of a pictare; and it is with this
impresaion 1 preeume to lay my alight
pencilHngi baftve tlie reader."- — (p, viii.)
" DalightfU a^a to Spinater and Ma-
tron, Tootb and Sage, are the Bnbnrban
•oir^. Varied in appliancee and meana
of entertainment. Science and Mirth,
Sense and Sound — Sir David Brewater
and Honalenr Jnllien — meet upon a com-
BKin fixiting. Inatmction spreada her
moat tempting trensarea, and Melody aendi
forth a voice that leaves its dreamy echo
long npon the ear." — (pp. 45, 4fi.)
" Then came the oaual hononrs of Terp-
■ichore, which were very generally paid.
Philoeopbara relaied, and dowagirs be-
came iprightly, at the aharp, eihilarating
call of the piccolo, though ihe rapid rota-
tions of the dettx tempt, or the deliberate
grace! of the Varsoviana, were not to be
attempted by thoae who, Ike rojat^lf,
beh>ng to the era of Quadrille. The
carpet, (or its damaak counter|iart,) how-
ever, whereon a aatin slipper glidea, la
■acred, and I will only add, thut these
delightful and raCioual rhiaiota, after a
reft'eahioent confined to aanilwichea and
gaitau, concluded, before midoigbt, to the
•oond of the loyal curfew — ' God aave tbe
Ouetn.' "—(pp. 47, 48.)
" But what have I written ? la it flied
ai that of FoDtina ?— shall it be eBaced
«« if inscribed in sand 7— or sbsll it be
followed by a miaericorda 1 Yes, tbua
it shall be. Not for fear of abells and
pwnted ballet* from Sandliurat, vulnei-
»ble thoagh I ba in every put, and not,
■ On); weak
Against Uh chaim of B«a(7*i powerfq] gUmve /
bnt it does aeem becoming to eiplun,
that it is not proposed to send the School-
master aToorrg tbe ladies, to render them
wiser by making them less charming ; the
variety of atndy here suggested being well
suited to win hearts, and of more per-
dnrafale worththanmany acoomplishmenli
tied up with the hymeneal knot^ and nerer
'wolie again," — (pp. 63, 54.)
Pott and Clan. Ad Oifbrd Golde-
Book throDgii the Courses of Literm Hn-
manioree, Mathematica, Natural Scienoe,
aod Law and Modem Historj. By MoH>
TAOOE Bbbhowb, M.A. (Oxford and
London : J. H. and Jaa. Parker.) — This
work professes to give a connected ac-
count of tbe whole course of Oxford eda-
cation as it now stands, not merely for
thp use of nndergraduBtes, bnt for thoae
who may be preparing at schools for Ox-
ford; for parents, who may natorally be
anppoeed aniious to learn what sort of
education modem Oifbrd proposes to give
their sons; and for tboae of the general
public who care to consider the subject
either abstractedly or otherwise, and whoae
idcaa, not previously very clear perhaps
as to the meaning of the words '^Univer-
uty Education," have been in a chronia ^
state of mystification ever aince the intro-
duction of the " new system" in 1850.
To all these claisea it may be safely re-
commended aa a trnstworthy guide.
The full detul aa to number ofhonis
of work — note-books — lectures- — private
tutors— choice of boolcs — cooraea of read-
ing, &c,, can of course only be gathered
&om the work itself, aa all these matter*
are so condaely (though clearly) stated, aa
to render a summary tUfBcalt; bnt w*
may remark that the object of ISt. Bar-
rows is, while oihlbiting the real and abid-
ing value of tbe Class Course, to remove an-
fbundcd ideas of ita difficulty. Bo jostly
remarks that outaide the University —
" The common impression la that ob-
taining a Paas is a very creditable and
qiiita satisfactory achievement; while the
Class List contains the namca of aooie few
wonderfully clever and hardworking stu-
82
MiscellaneoiLS Reviews.
[July,
dents, who are not uncommonly supposed
to have ruined themselves for life by their
exertions, and to be great fools for their
pains. University men of course know
better. They know well cnougli that ever
since the institution of Class Lists some
fifty years ago the Pass has not been, ex-
cept in such cases as the foregoing^, a
satisfactory conclusion to the Oxford course.
They know well enough that nearly every
one who chooses to work at all can and
ought to appear in some one or other of
the Class Lists. Still further, they are
well aware that the value of the Pass is
fixed by the least intelligent and least
educated man who is allowed to scrape
through, — like a rope or chain the true
strength of which is that of its weakest
part, — and that the University has de-
liberately imposed this character on it by
declining to number the Passmen, or to
arrange them in any way which might
mark the superiority of one to another."
(pp. 8, 9.)
Mr. Burrows contrasts minutely and in
tabular form the amount of work re-
quired from the Pass and the Class man
respectively, estimates the value of the
gains of each as modes of mental training
for after life, and sums up with a dictum
in which all who study his book as it
ought to be studied must concur : — " The
mere Pass can never be considered justifi-
able for any man of commonly good abili-
ties, commonly good health, and commonly
good education." We trust that under-
> graduates will lay this to heart, and, by
the exercise — if it must be — of even extra-
ordinary diligence, do justice at once to
the friends who have sent them to the
University, and to their own abilities.
Sermons. Messrs. J. H. and Jas. Parker
have recently published several single Ser-
mons, to which we desire to call atten-
tion. Our Lord's Ascension the Church's
Oain, a most eflective University Sermon,
preached on Ascension-day, by the Rev. H.
P. Liddon, Vice-Principal of St. Edmund
^ Weak health ; mental incapacity ; insuffi-
cient school-education.
Hall ; another. The Opened Door, one of
the series preached at the Culham Train-
ing College, in Holy Week, by the Rev. J.
R. Woodford, pointing out the school-
master as the connecting link between
priest and people. The Worship of Christ's
Church a Shadow of Heavenly Things,
by the Rev. J. M. Wilkins, Rector of
Southwell, preached at the Festival of the
Notts. Church Choral Union, (which we
see consists of fifty -one parochial choirs),
is mainly devoted to enforcing the pro-
priety of audible responses on the part of
the congregation, and not allowing the
Liturgy to sink into "a chill, cold dia-
logue between the minister and the clerk,
with the addition now and then of the
feeble voices of a few children or cho-
risters." These audible responses, he
shews, according to the natural laws which
regulate and govern vocal sound, " would
produce what we call a choral service as
a matter of course :" —
*'A multitude of voices speaking the
same words must speak in the same time,
and on the same note, if what they speak
is to be distinct and intelligible. Many
illustrations might be given of involuntary
examples of this principle of our nature.
To mention but one: Set a number of
children (and little children have no pre-
judices) to say or repeat anything toge^
ther, and they naturally, and as it were in
spite of themselves, — they cannot do other-
wise,— but they will involuntarily recite it
in the same tone or note 'with one ac-
cord.' Every school-teacher knows this.
I do not hesitate, I repeat, to allege my own
conviction that this democratic principle
(if I may, not irreverently, term it so) is
the true and only key to hearty congre-
gational worship The Church of
England and her ofishoots since the Puri-
tan rebellion, 200 years ago, is the only
branch of the Church Catholic, — nay, I
believe I may say with strict truth, the
only religious community, — that ever ex-
isted whose public worship was not one
continuous stream of song." — (p. 16.)
We will hope that these remarks will
meet with the conuderation that they
deserve.
I860.]
83
BIRTHS.
JToy 3. At Rome, the ViseouTitesB Eynnaird
(Mmrohioness Bandini OinstiniaDi), a son and
heir.
May 7. At Smithgroye-terr., Cork, the wife of
Major the Hon. Wm. Telverton, Royal Artillery,
a son.
May 10. The wife of Thomas B. Bosvile, esq.,
Rarensfield-park, Yorkshire, a dau.
May 11. At Gibraltar, the wife of Captain
Frederick Sayer, a son.
May 13. The wife of KingsU. Manley Power,
esq., of the Hill-conrt, Herefordsh., a son.
May 15. At Whatton-hoose, Leicestershire,
tlie wife of John Martin, esq., a son.
At Rhode-hill, Lyme Regis, the wife of Reginald
Talbot, esq., a dan.
May 16. At Inverness-terrace, Kensington-
gardens, the wife of Capt. German, a dan.
May 17. At Sarbiton, Hampton-court, the
wife of Capt. £. P. Baomgarten, 7 th Hussars, a
dan.
May 18. At Bierley-hall, Yorkshire, Mrs. Wm.
Marshall Selwyn, a dau.
May 20. At Hollinwood Parsonage, Manchester,
fhft Hon. Mrs. J. A. Atkinson, a son.
The wife of the Rev. Henry Beattie, Chaplain
and Head Master of the London Orphan Asylum,
Clapton, a dan.
May 21. In Harriet-st., Lowndes-sq., the wife
of Major Wm. Fitzgerald, a son.
At Dundridge, near Totnes, the wife of Clement
Cottrell Dormer, esq., a son.
May 32. At the Hook, West Hoathly, Mrs.
James Tally, of twin sons, since dead.
The wife of £. A. Paget, esq., of Thorpe Satch-
Tille, a son.
May 23. At Ford-hall, near Chapel-en-lc-
Frith, Derbyshire, the wife of William H. Q.
Bagshawe, a dau.
At the Rectory, Shobdon, Herefordsh., the wife
of the Hon. and Rev. A. A. B. Hanbury, a dau.
May 24. At Dover, the wife of the Hon. W.
W. Addington, a son.
At Wilton-crescent, Bclgrave-sq., the Hon.
Mrs. Nngent Bankes, a son.
At Rutland-gate, the Hon. Mrs. Frederick Peel,
a dan.
May 25. At Herbert-place, Dublin, the wife
of Lieut.-Col. Gordon, 75th Reg., a dau.
At Rushbrook-lodge, Croydon, the wife of
W. Barton Ford, esq., a son.
At Bradgate-park, the wife of the Rev. Alfred
Payne, M.A., a dau.
At Prcscote-manor, Banbury, Oxon, the wife
of John Pares, esq., a dau.
May 27. At Blackheath-park, the wife of
Frederick Currey, esq., barrister-at-law, a mn.
At Kew, the wife of Dr. Hooker, F.R.S., ason.
At the Elms, Ringwood, the wife of H. Tre-
menheere Johns, esq., a dau.
In Pultency-street, Bath, the wife of W. 8.
Coke, esq., a dau.
AtKiddington-hall, Woodstock, Oxon, the wife
of Henry L. Gaskcll, esq., a dau.
May 28. The Hon. Mrs. George Dasbwood,
Stone-lodge, Ipswich, a son.
At Can-hatch, Banstead, Surrey, the wife of
Timothy James Durrell, esq., a son.
The wife of Richard Bloxam, esq., of Eltham-
court, Kent, a son.
May 29. At Ryde, Isle of Wight, the wife of
Lieut.-Col. Daly, C.B., a son.
May 30. At Croston-hall, Lancashire, Lady
Adelaide de Trafford, a son, who survived only
a few hours.
At Ankerwyke-cottage, Wraysbury, near
Staines, Emily, wife of Francis H. Burckhardt,
esq., a dau.
At Lowndes-st., Belgrave-sq., the wife of
Henry King, esq., a dau.
At Leinster-gardens, the wife of Dr. J. H.
Gladstone, a dau.
At Warminster, the wife of the Rev. J. Eras-
mus Philipps, a son.
May 31. Lady Constance Grosvenor, a son.
At the Rectory, Bedale, the Hon. Mrs. T. J.
Monson, a son.
At Oakfield-court, Timbridge Wells, the wife
of the Rev. J. Sandford Baily, a son.
At Sussex-gardens, Hyde-park, the wife of A.
F. Bundock, esq., a son.
June 1. At Brighton, the wife of Frederick
Drummond Hibbcrt, esq., a son.
At Bedford-place, Russell-square, the wife of
Mr. Serjeant Miller, a dau.
At the Cottage, Sonning, Berks, Mrs. Arthur
Pratt-Barlow, a son.
At Dalvey-cottagc, Morayshire, N.B., the wife
of D. A. Mac Lcod, esq., a son.
June 2. At Circus-road, St. John's-wood, the
wife of D. F. Main, esq., barrister-at-law, a son.
At Dorchcster-house, Paik-lane, Mrs. Holford,
a son and heir.
At Brandcston-hall, Suffolk, Mrs. Austin, a son.
June 3. At Botley, Hants, the wife of Com-
mander George Winthrop, R.N., twin daus.
At Hill-house, Tooting-common, the wife of
P. W. Flower, esq., a dau.
At Kilham, Yorkshire, the wife of the Rer.
Bourke Fellowes, Vicar, a dau.
At Charterhouse-square, the wife of Captain
Davenport, a dau.
June 4. At Eaton-square, the Hon. Mrs.
Mostyn, a son.
At Greenwich, the wife of H. Elphinstone
Rivers, esq., a son.
At Downe-hall, Bridport, the wi'e of H. Strang-
way Hounsell, esq., M.D., a son.
June 5. At KingRton-house, Leatherhead, Mn.
Henry Cbater, a son.
84
Marriages.
[July,
At Aldershott, the wife of Lient.-Col. Chap-
man, 2nd Battalion 18th Royal Irish, a dau.
At Gloucester-place, Hyde-park, the wife of
Thomas How, esq., a dau.
June 7. At Ellerslie, near Barnstaple, the
wife of Lieut.-Col. R. Wyllie, a son.
At Hackness-gran^, Yorkshire, Mrs. John-
stone, a dau.
Jmu 8. At Chesterfleld-street, Mayfair, the
Hon. Mrs. Okeovcr, a dau.
At Wear-house, near Exeter, Lady Duckworth,
a dau.
At Putney, the wife of C. A. £. Beley, esq.,
M.A., a son.
June 9. At King's-road, Brighton, the wife of
Capt. Edward Willoughby, Bsngal Artillery, a
dau.
At Horsell, Woking, Surrey, Mrs. H. F. Nor-
ton, a dau.
June 10. At Barford-house, Warwickshire,
the wife of Cspt. Eyton, a dau.
At Woodsley-house, Leeds, the widow of Lieut.-
Col. Brandling, C.B.. Royal Artillery, a dau.
At the Rectory, Bildestone, Suffolk, the wife of
Capt. Cockbum, R.N., a dau.
June 11. At Hesmond*s-1odge, East Hoathly,
the wife of Chas. F. Clements, esq., a dan.
At Surbitan-hill, Kingston-on-Thames, the wife
of J. H. Murchison, esq., a son.
June 12. At Surbiton, the wife of Edward L.
Beck with, esq., a son.
At Harracott, Barnstaple, the wife of the Rev.
Bourchier W. T. Wrey, a dau.
At the Rectory, Itchen Abbas, Winchester, the
wife of the Rev. W. W. Spicer, a dau.
June 13. At Torquay, the wife of the Rev. O.
C. Bethune, of Chulmleigh Rectory, a son.
At Sussex-lodge, Shirley, near Southampton,
the wife of Henry Dennett Cole, esq., a son.
June 14. At Scarr-hill, the wife of Captain
Pollard, Adjutant 4th West York Regt., a dau.
June 15. In Fitzwilliam-sq., Dublin, Lady
Carew, a son and heir.
At Sopworth Rectory, Wilts, the wife of the
Rev. Joseph Buckley, a son.
June 16. At Sandgate, Kent, the wife of Major-
Gen. W. Freke Williams, K.H., commanding
Infantry Brigade, Shomcliffe, a son.
At Canterbury, the wife of Major Bowlby, 64th
Regt., a f>on.
June 17. In Portugal-st., Grosvenor-square,
Lady Kathleen Tighe, a son.
At Hamilt(m-pl., Lady Adellza Manners, a son.
At Dufn*yn, Aberdare, the wife of H. A. Bruce,
esq., M.P., a dau.
At Court-lodge, Frant, Sussex, the wife of J.
W. Roper, esq., a son.
June 18. At the Close, Salisbury, the wife of
the Rev. John Ellis, a dau.
At Wcstboutne-pl., Eaton-sq., the wife of
Major Walton, 88th Regt., a dau.
At Hastings, the Hon. Mrs. Adolphus Graves,
a son.
In Lowndes-st., Mrs. Lindsay Antrobus, a son.
June 19. In Manchester-sq., the Hon. Mrs.
Townley Mitford, a son.
At Lee, Blackheath, the wife of Capt. John J.
Wilson, Royal Engineers, a dau.
At Portobello, N.B., the wife of Lieut.-Col.
Clephane, late 79th Highlanders, a dau.
June 20. In Thurloe-sq., the Lady Anne Shcr-
son, a son.
At East Sheen, Surrey, the wife of Capt.
Leycester Penrhyn, a dau.
MARRIAGES.
Feb. 8. At Barrackpore, Brook Samuel Bridges
Parlby, of H.M.'s 6th Regt. Bengal Eur. Inf.,
only son of Gen. Brook Bridges Parlby, C.B.,
H.M.'s Indian Forces (Madras Army), to Mar-
garet Mary, fifth dau. of the late Major Bunbury,
of the Bengal Army.
March 20. At Rampore, Bauleah, Archibald
Hills, e«q., of Katcha Katta, Bengal, to Enmia
Louisa Erie, only dau. of W. White, esq., F.R.C.S.,
Civil Surgeon, of Ragshahye, and formerly of
Hcathfield, Sussex.
April 16. At BycuUa, Bombay, the Hon. Wm.
Bcresford Anneslcy, to Caroline, fifth dau. of the
late John Mears, esq., of Bagshot, Surrey.
April 21. At Madras, Maurice Cross, esq.,
stipendiary magistrate, to Grace Eleanor Cotten-
ham, eldest dau. of CoL Robert Clifford Lloyd,
H.M.*s 68th Light Infantry, and grand-dau. to
the Rev. Bartholomew Lloyd. D.D., late Provost
of Trinity College, Dublin, and President of the
Royal Irish Academy.
April 25. At St. Philip's, Charlestown, De-
mi rara, the Rev. Henry John May, Minister of
10
St. Mark's, Enmore, to Charlotte Geraldine, only
dau. of the late S. B. Liot Backer, esq.
May 9. At the Consulate, Alexandria, WUliam
Frederick, eldest son of W. Wilson Saunders,
esq., of Reigate, Surrey, to Frances Anne, eldest
dau. of Sydney Smith Saunders, esq., her B.M.'s
Consul, Alexandria.
At Portage-dn-fort, Canada West, Henry John
Fourdrinier, esq., of Montreal, to Mary, second
dau. of George Usbomc, esq., of Portage-du-fort
and Quebeo.
May 10. At All Saints', Colchester, George
Matson, esq., of East-hall, Mersea, second son of
Wm. Matson, esq., St. Osyth, to Margaret Anna,
eldest dau. of the late John Dennis, esq., of the
Manor-house, Great Holland.
At Aspley Guise, Beds, the Rev. J. Watson, of
St. Neot's, to Hannah Margaret, eldest dau. of
George Carter, esq., of Darlington.
Maylb. At Upper Chelsea, Baron Luigi Farina,
of the Neapolitan Kingdom, to Annie Unett, dau.
of George Head, of Canterbury.
May 16. At Highfield, William Seward Le
I860.]
Marriages.
85
Feuvre, esq., son of W. J. Le Feuvre, esq.,
Southampton, to Roeina, dau. of the late J. B.
Keele, esq., of Southampton.
At St. John's, Surrey, Walter, youngest son of
the late W. P. Honyirood, formerly M.P. for
Kent, to Ellen, eldest dau. of J. G. Hodgrson,
•sq., of Liverpool.
May 17. At All Souls*, Langham-pl., the
Ber. H. H. Bishop, to Laura Sophia, youngest
dau. of the late WilUam Fizzy, esq., of Nor-
ton, Suffolk.
At Hove, Sussex, Andrew Green, esq., Lieut.
Bifle Brigade, to Emily, second dau. of the late
Fhilip Hickman, esq.
May 22. At Clifton, John William Townsend
Fyler, Capt. H.M.'s Slat Regt., of Heffleton,
Dorset, to Jane Louisa, youngest dau. of George
Stevenson, esq., late of the Grenadier Guards.
At SLPancras church, Lieut. F. J. de Silva
Aranjo, of the Imperial Brazilian Navy, to Mary
Anne, youngest dan. of H. H. Langley, esq,, of
Claremont-terr., Fentonville, and late of Colyton,
Devon.
At Sudbury, the Bev. Thomas Lingard Green,
eldest son of John Green, esq., Wobum, Bedford-
shire, to Louisa, dau. of Edmund Stedman, esq.,
of Belle Yue, Sudbury.
At Wrawby, Arthur Tennyson, esq., brother of
the Poet Laureat, to Harriett West, sister of the
Vicar of the parish, and eldest dau. of the late
B«v. John West, Rector of Chettle and Famham.
At St. Luke's, Lower Norwood, the Rev. B. J.
Burton, Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge,
to Eliza, only dau. of the late B. H. Bobertson,
esq.
At Brighton, Thomas Ayscough Thompson,
F.B.G.S., F.S.S., of Cambridge, to Esther, widow
of J. Philips, esq., late Bengal Light Cavalry.
At Oswestry, the Bev. Thomas Martin Herbert,
M.A., of Sheffield, to Maria, eldest dau. of Thos.
Minshall, esq., solicitor, of Oswestry.
At Clifton, the Bev. I. Sadler Gale, Bector of
St. John Baptist's, Bristol, to Henrietta, young-
est dau. of the late S. Girdlestone, esq., Q.C., of
the Middle Temple.
At Holy Trinity church, Kentish Town, the
Bev. Matthew Churton, of Watton, Herts, to
Mary, dau. of the late Mr. Joseph Moginic, late
of Watton.
May 23. At Boohester, Percy Vincent James,
esq., B.N., to Catherine Lincoln, eldest dau. of
Frederick Furrell, esq., J.P., of Bochester ; and,
at the same time and place, Edw. James Bandall,
esq., of the Invalid Depot, Chatham, to Alice,
fourth dau. of the above Frederick Furrell.
At Pilton, George Brown, esq., of Boborough,
near Barnstaple, to Isabel de Courcy, fifth dau.
of the Rev. Septimus Palmer, Bector of High
Bickington.
At Prestbury, Capt. Ivan Herford, of H.M.'s
90th Begt. of Light Infantry, to Marion Jane
Caldwell, fourth dau. of the late Dr. Anthony
Todd Thomson.
At Leicester, Thomas North, esq., to Fanny,
only dau. of Bichard Luck, esq., solicitor.
May 24. At St. Mary's, Ilminster, Alfred T.
De Lisle, esq., of Addison -road, Kensington, to
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
Catherine Messiter, eldest dau. of the late Henry
Bximard, esq., of Ilminster.
At Brixton, Henry Chcvallier, second son of
J. C. Cobbold, esq., M.P., to Louisa Anne, only
dau. of Chas. Montague Pocock, esq., of Brixton.
At Broadwater, Wjnyard Battye, esq., 66th
Bengal Infantry, to Margaret Ellen, fourth dau.
of the late Bev. William Colvile, of Baytham,
Ipswich.
At Cathedine, Breconshire, Hugh Wild, esq., of
Pwll-court, in the parish of Llangynidr, and
same county, eldest son of Thos. Martyr Wild,
esq., of Strettit-house, Kent, to Cordelia Charlotte
O'Callaghan, dau. of , the Bev. William Davies,
B.D., Bector of Cathedine and Llangjmidr.
At Bnbwith, Bobert Leighton, esq., of Good-
manham. Market Weighton, to Eliza Harriet,
youngest dau. of the late Bev. John Wilkinson,
formerly Vicar of Budwith and of Gate Helmsley,
Yorkshire.
At St. Clement's, Hastings, 'William Halliday
Cos way, esq., only son of the late Sir William
Bichard Cosway, knt., to Maria, youngest dau.
of the late Sir Thomas Harvic Farquhar, bart.
At St. Matthew's, Bayswater, Fred. Edward,
eldest son of John Ogle Else, esq., of Bayswater,
to Emma, sixth dau. of Thomas Brice, esq., of
Bamsgate.
At Bipley, Bobert Charles Winder, of Court-
lodge, Stanstead, Kent, to Clara, youngest dau.
of John Cooke, esq., of Byde- house, Bipley,
Surrey.
At Tunbridge Wells, the Bev. H. E. M. Bull,
to Mary Jane, third dan. of the late Bev. J.
Hayes, Vicar of Wybunbury, Cheshire.
May 25. At Brighton, Andrew Lighten, esq.,
of Clifton, Glocestershire, to Eliza Amelia, young-
est dau. of Henry S. Joyce, esq., of Freshford,
Wilts.
May 26. At Crediton, Bichard, eldest son of
Wm. Wippell, esq., of Budway, Bewe, to Eliza-
beth Tremlett, only child of D. T. Pridham, esq.,
of Bock, Crediton.
May 28. At Comworthy, South Devon, David
Hardy, esq., third son of James Hardy, esq., of
Bath, to Emily, only dau. of the late J. Masters
Collins, esq., formerly of Bath.
At Newton Abbot, Chas. Henry Battersby, esq.,
M.D., Torquay, to Catherine Grace Hickman,
eldest dau. of the Bev. Bobert de Burgh, M.A.,
High week.
At St. Thomas's, Portman-sq., C. MaltonBevan,
esq., to Isabella, second dau. of Frederick Lennox
Home, esq.
May 29. At St. Stephen's, Paddington, Hum-
phry Sandwitb, esq., C.B., D.C.L., Colonial Secre-
tary of Mauritius, to Lucy Ann, youngest dau.
of the late Bobert Hargreaves, esq., of Accring-
ton, Lancashire.
At Cranboume, Berks, John Sanders, eldest
son of the late John Kirton Gilliat, esq., of Fern-
hill, Berks, to Louisa Anne Fanny, youngest dau.
of the late Matthew Babington, esq., of Bothley
Temple, Leicestershire.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Frederic, son of
Chas. Robinson, esq., of Chandos-st., Cavendish-
sq., and Grandboro', Warwickshire, to Lydia,
86
Marriages.
[July,
dao. of the late Bobt. Warren, esq., of Olooester-
pl., Portman-sq.
At Ashurst, Charles Walter Hill, of Tnileigh,
Edburton, youngest son of John Hill, esq., late of
Canford Magna, Dorsetshire, to Prances, dau. of
Wm. Stanford, esq., of Batons, Ashurst, Sussex.
May 30. At St. MaryleSone, George Crozier
Ck)le, esq., Captain in the 1st Eoyal Middlesex
Militia, to Anna Maria, only child of Philip
Alward. esq., of Eardisland, Herefordshire.
At St. George's, Hanoyer-sq., John A. Bum
Callander, esq., of Preston-hall, Mid-Lothian, to
Mary Frederica Dundas, eldest dau. of the Hon.
Henry Coventry.
At East Retford, George Marshall, jun., esq.,
solicitor, to Betsy, eldest dau. of Wm. Newton,
esq.. Town Clerk of East Betford.
May 31. At St. Paul's, Sketty, John Cole
Nicholl, esq., of Merthyrmawr, Glamorganshire,
eldest son of the late Right Hon. John NiohoU,
to Mary De la Beche, eldest dau. of Lewis LI.
Pillwyn, esq., M.P., of Hendrefoilan, in the same
county.
At Scarbro', Joseph Clarke, esq., of Ashfield-
house, Sherbum, to Jane Johanna, eldest dau. of
Charles Newstead, esq., solicitor, of Selby.
At Eynsford, Kent, John, eldest son of Mr.
John Marsland, of Walworth, to Katharine, eldest
dau. of Mr. Geo. Mandy, of Eynsford.
At Cookham, Berks, Bobt. Roberts, jun., esq.,
of Llangollen, to Emily Frederica Ann, eldest
dau. of Fred. T. Ward, esq., of Maidenhead.
At Hornscy, Joseph Dods, esq., of St. Martin's,
Stamford, to Caroline, only dau. of the late E.
James Beid, esq., of Salt-pond, Spanish-town,
Jamaica.
At Llanfihangel, Oencur-glynne, James, seoond
son of Jonathan Jenkins, esq., of Kilfrome, Car-
diganshire, to Susannah, youngest dau. of the
late B. Williams, esq., M.D., Aberystwyth.
At St Luke's, Cheltenham, Licut.-Col. S. J.
Browne, H.M.'s Indian Army, to Lucy, second
dau. of the late R. C. Sherwood, esq., of Suffolk-
lawn, Cheltenham.
June 1. At St. Mary's, Beading, T. Lawrence
Forbes, esq., of the Adelaide-road, Hampstead, to
Charlotte Ann, elder dau. of the late Benjamin
Hawkins, esq., of Beading, and formerly of
Donnington, Berks.
Henry, second son of Henry Larking, esq., of
Tonbridge, to Mary Ann, youngest dau. of the
late Thomas Andrewes, esq., of Bast Mailing.
At Chester, Thomas Helps, esq., of The Friars,
Chester, to Frances Elizabeth, eldest dau. of
Edward Stokes Boberts, esq., of Abbey-square,
Chester.
Junt 2. At Odiham, Hants, the Ber. John B.
Bartlett, of Blandford, Dorset, to Harriette Ade-
laide, dau. of the late Capt. David Allen, of the
Madras LightCavalry, and niece of the late Lieut.<
Col. Allen, of the Chantry, Bradford-on-Avon.
At Hcadley, Surrey, John, second son of the
late Geo. Stone, esq., of Charlton-grove, Kent,
to Fanny, second dau. of the late Thos. Hoof,
esq., of Kensington.
At St. Mark's, Marylebone, Bobert Henton
Wood, esq., F.B.C.8., of St. Martin's, Leicester,
to Mary Ann, only dau. of Edward Marr, esq.,
of Hamilton-terr., St. John's Wood.
At Cheltenham, B. T. B. Levett, esq., of Pack-
ington-hall, seoond son of the late John Levett,
esq., of Wichnor-park, to Margaret Catherine,
only surviving dau. of the late Thomas Levett
Pinsep, esq., of Croxall, Derbyshire.
At St. Paul's, Derby, and afterwards at the
Boman Catholic church, St. Mary's, Chas. Bum,
esq., to Ellen Victoria, second dau. of the late T.
Shannon, esq., of Clare, Ireland.
At St. Pancras, Charles Collard Knight, esq.,
to Katharine Isabel, third dau. of the late H.
B. Wedlake, esq., of the Temple, solicitor, and
of Camden-st., Camden-town.
At St. Thomas's, Stamford-hill, Wm. Bobert,
youngest son of the late George Arbuthnot, esq.,
of Invemettie, Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, to
Caroline Elizabeth, younger dau. of the late
Wm. Marshall, esq., of Springfield, Upper Clap-
ton, and Lloyds'.
At All Saints', West Ham, Mr. Edmund Cooper,
of the Ilford-road, Stratford, to Seelie Susannah,
dau. of Mr. Bichard Young, 'of Beetory-grove,
Clapham.
June 3. At Kingscote, Gloucestershire, Arthur
Holme Sumner, esq., of Hatchlands, Surrey, to
Georgiana Emily, second dau. of Col. Kingscote.
June 5. At Wimpole Church, Cambridgeshire,
Henry John Adeane, esq., M.P. for Cambridgesh.,
to the Lady Elizabeth Philippa Torke, eldest dau.
of the Earl and Countess of Hardwicke.
At Dawlish, Charles Fawoett, esq., of the Ad-
miralty, Somerset-house, only son of Henry Au-
gustus Fawcett, of Porchester-terr., Hyde-park,
to Frances Susannah Owen, only dan. of Sydney
Pearson, esq., of Dawlish.
At Brighton, William Wood Whitter, esq., of
Worthing, late of H.M.'s 76th Begt of Foot, to
Emily Eliza, youngest dau. of the late George J.
Dettmar, of Mecklenburg-sq., and Wanstead,
Essex.
At St George's, Hanorer- square, Thomas
Edward, seoond son of Edward Viekers, esq., of
Tapton-hall, Sheffield, to Frances Mary, only
dan. of the late Joseph Douglas, esq., of Sumner-
terr., Onslow-sqnare.
At Moorlinch, William Bnlmer Bailey, esq., of
Liverpool, to Cecilia, only dau. of the late Wm.
Stradling, esq., of BoseviUe, near Bridgewater,
late deputy-lieut for Somerset.
At All Souls', Langfaam-pl., the Ber. Joseph
Barthrop Tweed, eldest son of the Bev. Joseph
Tweed, of Capel Bectory, Ipswich, to Sarah Ann
Maria, second dau. of the late Thomas Tonge
Vallance, esq., of Cavendish-sq.
At Walcot Church, Bath, the Ber. Frederick
Walter Baker, M.A., Incumbent of Beaulieu,
New Forest, Hants., to Charlotte Frances, eldest
dau. of Major George Willock, K.L.S., of Lans-
down-crcs., Bath.
At St. Mary's, Bryanston-sq., the Bev. Samuel
Amott, Vicar of Chatham, to Caroline, jroungest
dan. of the late CoL Sir Charles Dance, of Barr-
house, Taunton.
At Trinity Church, Westbonme-ter., M^or
Bobert L. J. Ogilvie, <H. If.'s I. Army, to Clara,
I860.]
Marriageg.
87
-widow of Major Fitzharding Hancock, H. M.'s
74th Highlanders.
At Hollesley, Soffolk, Francis Holland, esq.,
of Cropthome-oonrt, Worcestershire, to Sarah,
widow of the Bev. William Mack, late Kector of
Horham, Snilblk.
At Whitboome, Herefordshire, Rich. Haring-
tOB, esq., of lineoln's-Inn, barrister-at-law, and
Stadent of Christ Church, Oxford, eldest son of
the late Principal of Brasenose, to Frances Ag-
natm, second dan. of the Rer. Robert Biscoe,
Rector of Whitboome.
At St. Margaret's, Westminster, George P.
Bidder, esq., eldest son of O. P. Bidder, esq.,
C.E., President of the Institution of Civil En-
gineers, to Annie, second dau. of J. R. McClean,
esq., C.E., of Park-«t., Westminster.
At Mauchline, Ayrdiire, Capt. Wallace Adair,
5tii Fusiliers, to Helenora Agnes, youngest dau.
of Dogald Stewart Hamilton, esq., Beechgrove,
Manchline.
At Howell, Lincolnshire, the Rev. David Han-
tar, Rector of HoweU, to Charlotte, eldest dau. of
J. W. Dndding, esq.
At Temple Combe, Somerset, John A. L. Tighe,
|., of HJA.'s ftSth Regt, to Cornelia Beck-
eldest dau. of the late A. Blake, esq.
At St. Pancras, Commander Richard Stokes,
B.N., to EUsa Anne, eldest dau. of Tbomas Samp-
son, esq., Hihnarton-villas, Holloway.
At Hackney, Lavinla Christiana, eldest dau. of
the Rev. Thomas Hare, M. A., to Hubert Wood,
esq., of Lowther-cottages, and Coleman-street-
Imildings.
At Pinner, A. W. Adair, esq., Capt. 52nd
Ught Infantry, eldest son of A. Adair, esq., of
Heatherton-park, Somerset, and Colehouse, to
Caroline Maria, eldest dau. of J. D. TurnbuU,
esq., and grand-dau. of the late Gen. Sir P. Mait-
laad, G.C.B.
«/«MM 6. At Bath, Francis Stanier-Broade, esq.,
of Silverdale and Fenton Vivian, Sta£fordshire, to
Caroline J., dau. of Major-Gen. Wm. Justice,
Madras Army, Bath.
At Hampstead, John Nickirson, esq., of High
Offley-manor, Newport, Salop, only son of John
Nickirson, esq., of Stone, Staflforddiire, to Eliza
Alice, third dau. of Andrew Steedman, esq.,
St. John*s-villas, Haverstock-hiU.
At Higham-on-the-Hill, Joseph Holt, esq., of
Wedderbom- house, Harrowgate, to Matilda,
only dan. of Edward Fisher, esq., of Ashby-de-
la-Zouch.
At St. Andrew's, Plymouth, Thomas Stanley
COay, Lieut. H. M.'s Bombay Fusiliers, to Fanny,
third dau. of Colonel Carthew.
At Bouth Bersted, Sussex, Capt. Hugh G.
BoUscm, H.M. 3rd Bombay European Regt., to
Mary Maria, eldest dau., and Capt. Edward Wm.
Bray, 83rd Regt., eldest son of the late Col. E.
W. Bray, C3., to Ann Elizabeth, second dau. of
Iieut.-Col. Mair, of Hothamton-pL, Bognor.
At Sunninghill, Berks, Thomas Garratt, esq.,
late Capt. 14th Light Dragoons, fourth son of
the late John Garratt, esq., of Bishop's Court,
Devon, to Elizabeth, eldest dau. of John Har-
greaves, esq., of SUwood-park, Berks.
June 7. At Clapham, Surrey, John, eldest son
of the late John Wild, esq., of Clapham Common,
to Margaret Josephine Carew, eldest dan. of R.
H. Carew Hunt, esq., of Clapham Rise, Surrey,
and Sidbury, Devon.
At Ashburton, the Rev. James Law ChalUs,
Rector of Pap worth Everard, Cambridgeshire, son
of the Rev. James ChalUs, Plumian Professor of
Astronomy in the University of Cambridge, to
Margaret Edmonds, dau. of the Rev. William
Marsh, Vicar of Ashburton.
At Ipplcpen, E. F. Squire, esq., of Cross-hall,
Bedfordshire, to Mary Elizabeth, eldest dau. of
John Holland, esq., of Ipplepen-house, Devon-
shire.
At St. James's, Piccadilly, Dimcan Smith, esq.,
to Sophia Emma, elder dau. of WiUiam Almond,
esq., of Lord's-hill, Wonersh, Surrey.
At Netley, Eling, Neville Hill Shute, esq.,
Iieut.-Col. <h Regt., son of the late Thos.
Deane Shute, esq., of Burton and Bramshaw,
Hants., to Margaret, dau. of the Rev. Edward
Timson, of Tatchbury-mount, New Forest, Hants.
At St. Matthew's, Netley, Col. Nevill Shute, of
the 64th Regt., son of the late Thomas Fean
Shute, of Branshaw, to Margaret, only dau. of
the Rev. E. Tinson, of Tatchburj- Mount,
Hants.
June 8. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Horace,
only son of Major-Gen eral Broke, to Charlotte,
eldest dau. of B. Gurdon, esq., M.P., of Letton.
At Birmingham, Thomas, eldest son of R. Mar-
tineau, esq., of Edgbaston, to Emily, eldest dau.
of T. Kenrick, esq., of Maple-bank, Edgbaston.
At St. Thomas's, York, James Paley, esq., of
York, to Anne,' dau. of the late Robert Paley,
esq., M.D., of Bishopton-grangre, Ripon.
June 9. At Christ Church, Brixton, D. Cor-
nish, esq., of Dagnell-house, Dagnell-park, Croy-
don, to Belinda, youngest dau. of the late Richard
Simpson, esq., of Elm-grove, Norwood.
At Canterbury, S. Gordon M'Dakin, esq., of
the 42nd Royal Highlanders, only son of Capt.
M*Dakin, of Boultham, Lincoln, to Emily, eldest
dan. of H. Collard, esq., of AH Saints', Canter-
bury.
At Ham, Surrey, William Camegy de Balin-
hard, esq., of Her Majesty's 47th Regt., to Julia
Condon, of Castle-housc, Kingston-hill, only sur-
viving dau. of the late John Condon, esq.
At Croydon, Joseph Hobb, youngest son of the
late C. W. Knight, esq., of Bemers-st., London,
to Anne, youngest dau. of the late Henry Upham,
esq., of Taunton, Somersetshire, and stepdau. of
Charles Evans, esq.. Tower-bouse, Croydon.
June 12. At Ackworth, John Frank Atkinson,
esq., of Comwall-ter., Regent's-pk., Commander
of the "Blenhehn," to Mary Elizabeth, eldest
dau. of Christopher Edward Dampier, esq., of
Canterbury, New Zealand, and niece of the late
William Hepworth, esq. of Ackworth-lodge, Pon-
tefract.
At St. Pancras, Richard Alfred Evans, second
son of the Rev. Thomas Alfred Ashworth, to
Frances Emily Jarvis, dau. of the late Alexr.
Graham, esq., of Danehill, and niece of Thomas
Ellman, esq., of Beddingham, Sussex ; and at
88
Marriages.
[July,
the same time and place, Henry, eldest son of the
late James Barrett, esq., of Albert-st,, Regent's-
park, and York>buildings, Adelphi, to Caroline,
only child of Walter Ware, esq., of Rotherfield,
and niece of Thomas Ellman. esq.
At Walcot Church, Bath, Charles Hale Monro,
esq., of Ingsdon, Devonshire, to Anne Spooner,
eldest surviving dau. of William Bowie, esq.,
M.D., of Bath.
At Hurstpierpomt, Sussex, Arthur T. Searle,
esq., H.M.'s 32nd Regt. Madras N.I., to Lucy
Helen, eldest dau. of H. M. Byne, esq.
June 13. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Kichd.
Benyon Berens, esq., of Kevington, Kent, to
Faimy Oeorgiana, dau. of Alexander Atherton
Park, esq., of Wimpole-st
At Morton, Derbyshire, George Oldham Sid-
dall, esq., Alfreton, to Charlotte Hagger, only
dau. of the late William Page, esq., of Alfreton.
June 14. At Scarborough, Richard Wellesley
Barlow, esq., Madras Civil Service, son of Richard
Wellesley Barlow, esq., Bengal Civil Service, and
grandson of the late Sir George Hilare Barlow,
bart.. Governor of Madras, to Annie Catherine,
dau. of the Rev. Dr. Whiteside, Vicar of Scar-
borough, and niece of the Right Hon. James
Whiteside, M.P.
At South Shields, Dr. Edmund Waller, R.N.,
of Chesterfield, to Adelaide, fifth dau. of the late
Thomas Forsyth, esq., J.P., of South Shields.
At Kenn, Sambome S. P. Sambome, esq., eldest
son of S. S. P. Sambome, esq., of Timsbury-
house, Somersetshire, to Lucy, second dau. of
F. B. Short, esq., of Bickham-house, Devon.
At Auckland, the Rev. John Rogers, M.A., of
Brasenose College, Oxford, curate of St. Andrew's,
Auckland, to Annie, fourth dau. of William
Hodgson, esq., Bishop Auckland.
At St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, John Wm.
Zorapore Wright, late Lieut. 2nd Dragoon Guards,
eldest son of MaJ .-General Wright, C.B., late
89th Reg., to Mary Ann, eldest dau. of the Rev.
John White, Vioar of St Stephen's, near Can-
terbury.
At St. Peter's, Pimlico, Richard Hen. Magenis,
esq., Brevet-Major andCapt. 32nd Light Infantry,
eldest son of the late Colonel Magenis, to Lady
Louisa Ann Lowry-Corry, eldest dau. of the late
Earl of Bclmore.
At Wimbome Minster, Charles Brome Bash-
ford, esq., 9th Royal Lancers, eldest son of
W. C. L. Bashford, esq., of Norwood-park, Mid-
dlesex, to Anne Argentine, youngest dau. of the
late John Fryer, esq., of Wimbome Minster.
At Plympton St. Mary, Wm. Henry Charsley,
esq., M.A., Ch. Ch., to Eliza Mary, youngest
dau. of the late Thomas Were Fox, esq., of Hoe-
house, Pljrmouth.
At Dursley, Gloucestershire, Wm. H. Nunn,
esq., of Wolverhampton, Berks, to Sophy Caro-
line, youngest dau. of Richard R. Houghton,
esq., late M^jor of the 73rd Regt.
At St. George's, Stonehouse, Devon, Richard
B. Barrett, esq., of the Admiralty, Somerset-
house, to Elizabeth, eldest dau. of John Hasby,
esq., of Stonehouse.
At Ross, Edward Thoroton, esq., barrister-at-
law, of the Inner Temple, to Catharine, eldest
dau. of the Rev. Dr. Ogilvie, Rector of Ross,
and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford.
At St. John's, Hyde-park, the Baron von
Bamekow, to Anna, sister of the Right Hon.
Sir John Toung, hart., of Bailleborough Castle,
CO. Cavan.
At Skirbeck, near Boston, John Joshua, third
son of Samuel Henry Jebb, solicitor, Boston, to
Georgiana Hutton, fourth dau. of the late Wil-
liam Roy, D.D., senior chaplain Fort St. George,
Madras, and Rector of Skirbeck.
June 15. At St. Olave's, Exeter, the Rev. Richard
Hooker Edward Wix, M.A., Incumbent of Alder-
shott, near Fordingbridge, only son of the Rev.
Edward Wix, M.A., some time Archdeacon of
Newfoundland, and grandson of the Rev. Samuel
Wix, M.A., F.R.A.S., Vicar and Hospitaler of
St. Bartholomew-the-Less, London, and Rector
of Inworth, Essex, to Catherine, youngest dau.
of the late William Abell, esq., of Jamaica.
At Sandhurst, the Rev. Robert Holdsworth,
eldest son of the Rev. Robert Walker, M.A.,
F.R.S., Reader in Experimental Philosophy in
the University of Oxford, to Kate, second dan.
of Francis Wm. Medley, esq., of Tately-hall,
Hants.
June 16. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Thomas
F. Scrymsoure Fothrlngham, esq., of Fothring-
ham and Powrie, co. Forfar, to the Lady Char-
lotte Carnegie, dau. of the late Sir Jas. Carnegie,
bart., and sister of the Earl of Sonthesk.
June 19. At St. Alphage, Greenwich, Edward
James, son of the late Charles Badham, M.D.,
F.R.S., and grandson of the late Vice-Adm. Sir
Edward James Foote, K C.B., to Harriette Jane,
fourth dau. of the late Mathew Fitzpatrick, esq.,
of the Queen's County, formerly of H.M.'s 89th
Regt.
At Charlton, Kent, the Rev. William Owen,
Incumbent of St. Stephen's, Tunbridge, to Mary
Louisa Adams, only dau. of the late William
Harvey Hooper, esq., R.N., Secretary of the
Royal Hospital, Greenwich.
At St. John's, Hackney, Herman, youngest son
of Herman StoUerfoht, esq., of Edge-lane, Liver-
pool, Consul for the Free and Hanseatic Towns
of Hamburg and Lubcck, to Rosalie Ellen, second
dau. of the Rev. T. O. Goodchlld, A.M., Rector
of the parish.
June 21. At St. John's, Hackney, Charles Ed-
ward Klngstone Butler, of Onslow-sq., eldest
son of Charles Salisbury Butler, esq., M.P., of
Cazenoves, Middlesex, to Mary Ann, second dau.
of the late William Bradshaw, esq., of Upper
Homerton, Middlesex.
At St. Stephen's, Paddlngton, John Augustus,
eldest son of lieut.-Col. and the late Lady Ellen
Fane, of Wormsley, Oxfordshire, to Qeanor,
dan. of the late Thoa. Thomhill, esq., of Woodleys,
in the same county.
I860.]
89
Bhituuv^.
[^BeUxHves or Friends supplying Memoirs ctre requested to append their Addresses^ in
order that a Copy of the Gektleman's MAaAZiKE containing their Communication
may he forwarded to them.']
Fibu>-Mabshal the Eabl op Stbap-
PORD, G.C.B., G.C.H.
June 3. In Lower Grosvenor-street,
aged 88, Field-Marshal the Earl of Straf-
ford, Colonel of the 2nd or Coldstream
Regiment of Foot Guards.
The deceased, who was the third son of
Mr. Creorge Bjng, of Wrotham-park, Mid-
dlesex, and grandson of the Hon. Robert
Byog, thi];d son of the first Viscount Tor-
ington, was, with the exception of Lord
Sinclair, the oldest member of the House
of Peers. He entered the 33rd Regiment
in 1793, served with it in Flanders and
in Holland in 1794 and 1795, and was
wounded at Geldermalsen ; he subse-
qnently served in Ireland. In the expe-
dition to Hanover in 1805 he was in the
8rd Guards ; he took a part in the expe-
dition to Copenhagen in 1807, and also in
the Walcheren expedition in 1809, when
he was with the reserve under General
8ir J. Hope, and commanded his advance,
eomposed of the Grenadier battalion of the
Guards and a detachment of the 95th
Rifles. In 1811 he proceeded to the
Peninsula to join the brigade of Guards
in Portugal, and in September of that
year he was appointed to the command of
a brigade in the second division of the
army under Lord Hill. During the period
of the siege of Cuidad Rodrigo he was
detached in command to Idanha Nova
with his own brigade and some cavalry to
observe the movement of a corps of the
enemy commanded by General Foy, at
Coria. In the campaign of 1813 he was
engaged in the several actions of Vittoria,
of the Pyrenees, of Pampeluna (in which
last he was wounded,) in the crossing the
Nivelle, and the attack of the fortified
camp, when he was wounded and had two
horses shot under him ; in the passage of
the Nive and the afiair before Bayonne on
the 13th of December, 1813, when the
2nd Division was attacked by six divisions
of the French army, commanded by Mar-
shal Soult. In that action a horse was
shot under him. In the campaign of
1814 he was engaged with the enemy at
Espellette, and in the attack of the heights
above Garris. He was in the subsequent
actions of Orthes and Aire, and he re-
pulsed the enemy at Garlin, and was also
engaged with his brigade at the battle of
Toulouse. In the campaign of 1815 he
eminently distinguished himself, more par-
ticularly at Waterloo, having the com-
mand of the 2nd brigade of the Ist divi-
sion. He was, after that victory, appointed
to the command of the first corps of the
British army which marched from Waterloo
to Paris, and on the march took the forti-
fied city of Peronne, and subsequently ob-
tained possession of Paris by occupying
the heights of Belle Yille and Mont-
martre.
The deceased (then Sir John Byng,)
was appointed Colonel of the 2nd West
India Regiment in July, 1822; in January,
1828, he was removed to the 29th Regi-
ment, and in August, 1850, he was made
Colonel of the Coldstream Guards, in the
room of his late Royal Highness the Duke
of Cambridge. His lordship, who had fre-
quently received the thanks of Parliament
for his military services, obtained from the
Crown an honourable augmentation of his
arms for his personal intrepidity at the
capture of Monguerre, near Bayonne ; he
had received the gold cross and one clasp
for Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and
Orthes ; and the silver war-medal, with
one dasp, for Toulouse; he was also
Knight of the Order of Maria Theresa of
90
Obituary. — Lord Heytesbury.
[July,
Austria, and of St. George of Russia. In
addition to other staff appointments, he
had commanded the forces in Ireland.
His commissions bore date as follows : —
Ensign, September 30, 1793; lieutenant,
December 1, 1793; captain, May 24,
1794 ; lieutenant-colonel, March 14, 1800 ;
colonel, July 25, 1810; major-general,
June 4, 1813; lieutenant-general. May
27, 1825 ; general, November 23, 1841 ;
and field-marshal, October 2, 1855. In
1812 be was appointed Governor of Lon-
donderry and Gulmore, and was made a
privy councillor in 1827. In 1831 he was
nominated a Grand Cross of the Order of
the Bath, having in 1828 been made a
Knight Ghrand Cross of the Royal Hano-
verian Order of Knighthood. From 1831
np to 1835 he represented the borough of
Poole in the House of Commons. In 1887
he was elevated to the House of Lords
by the creation of Baron Strafford, and
was ultimately created an earl in 1847.
He married first, in June, 1804, Mary,
eldest daughter of Mr. Peter Mackenzie,
of Twickenham ; and secondly, he married
in May, 1808, Marianne, second daughter
of Sir Walter J. James, Bart., by Lady
Jane Pratt, sister of the late Marquis
Camden, which lady died in October, 1845.
He leaves issue one only son, Viscount
Enfield, by the first marriage, and two
daughters and a son by the second —
namely, Lady Harriett, married to Mr.
Charles Ramsden ; Lady Caroline Stirling,
married to Sir Walter Geo. Stirling ; and
the Hon. Wm. Frederick Byng, formerly
of the 29th Foot.
His lordship is succeeded in the earldom
by his eldest son, George Stevens, Viscount
Enfield, bom June 8, 1806, who, after
sitting in the House of Commons succes-
sively from 1831 for Milboume Port,
Poole, and Chatham, to 1852, was in 1853
summoned to the House of Lords by the
title of Baron Strafford of Harmonds-
worth. He married first, in 1829, Lady
Agnes Paget, fifth daughter of the late
Field-Marshal the Marqub of Anglesey,
who died in 1845 ; and secondly, in March,
1848, Harriet Elizabeth, second daughter
of Lord Chesham. The present peer has
held several appointments during the Whig
administrations, having been a Lord of
the Treasury in 1834, Controller of the
Qaeen's Household, and afterwards Trea-
surer of her Majesty's Household ; and in
July, 1846, Secretary to the Board of
Control.
LoBD Hettesbxjet.
May 31. At Heytesbury, aged 80, the
Right Hon. Lord Heytesbury, G.C.B.
The deceased, William h Court, Baron
Heytesbury, of Heytesbury, in the county
of Wilts., in the peerage of the United
Kingdom, and a baronet, was the eldest
son of Sir William Pierce Ashe k Court,
who was for many years M.P. for Ayles-
bury, by his second wife, Letitia, daughter
of Henry Wyndham, Esq., of the College,
Salisbury. He was born July 11th, 1779,
and married, October 8rd, 1808, Maria
Rebecca, second daughter of the late Hon.
W. Bouvcrie, by which lady, who died
October 6, 1844, the late lord leaves sur-
viving issue, a son, the Hon. W. H. Ashe
h Court- Holmes, who succeeds to the
barony, and the Hon. Cecilia Maria, mar-
ried to the Hon. Robert Daly. In 1801
the deceased was appointed by Lord
Hawkesbury (afterwards Lord Liverpool)
Secretary of Legation at Naples, and he
subsequently held many important ap-
pointments. On Sir Robert Peel coming
into office, in 1834, he was selected as
Governor-General of India, but the Ad-
ministration broke up before he could
depart for India. On the resignation of
Earl de Grey, in July, 1844, he was ap-
pointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, which
office he held up to July, 1846, when the
late Sir Robert Peel finally quitted the
Government. For many years he had
enjoyed a pension of £1,700 a-year, and
also the office of Governor and Captain of
the Isle of Wight and Governor of Caris-
brook Castle, but this he resigned in 1857.
The present peer, who assumed the addi-
tional name of Holmes on his marriage
with Elizabeth, daughter of the late Sir
Leonard Worsley-Holmes, Bart., is a
Deputy Lieutenant of the counties of
Hants and Wilts.
I860.] Obituary. — General Sir H. E, Bunbury, Bart.
91
Gevesal Sib H. E. BuyBiniY, Babt.
April 13. At his seat, Barton-hall,
Bury St. Edmunds, aged 81, Sir Henry
Edward Banbury, Bart., K.C.B.,and F.S.A.
He WW bom on the 4th of May, 1778,
and entered the army as an ensign in the
Guards in the year 1794; he was sub-
■equently promoted to a captaincy of the
light Dragoons, and was appointed aide-
de-camp to his Royal Highness the Duke
of York, with whom he served in the
disastrous expedition to Holland in 1799.
In 1803 and 1804 he was attached to
the Quartermaster -General's staff on the
■oath-east coast, at that period of alarm
when Napoleon was preparing on the op-
posite shores his gigantic expedition for
the invasion of England.
In 1805 Lieut. -Colonel Bunbury accom-
panied the expedition to the Me^ter-
ranean, at the head of the Quartermaster-
General's department; he was present at
the battle of Muda, and he did not return
to England till 1809 ; shortly after he was
made Under Secretary of State for War
in the Portland Administration, an office
which he held till 1816.
It was during his tenure of this office
that Sir Henry Bunbury, now Major-
General, accompanied Lord Keith on the
delicate mission of announcing to the cap-
tive ex-Emperor Napoleon the decision of
the British Government as to his disposaL
For the discharge of that painfdl duty Sir
Henry was well qualified by the perfect
eonrtesy and tact for which he was through
life distinguished.
In the same year Sir Henry received
the distinction of a Knight Commander
of the Bath. In the year 1821 he suc-
ceeded to the baronetcy, on the death of
Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, his uncle.
In 1830, after the county of Suffolk had
been uncontested for 40 years, Sir Henry
was induced to come forward on the side of
the Beibrmers, and he was returned, with
Mr. Tyrell ; in the following year he gave
to Lord Grey's Administration a majority
— ^though a bare one — ^for the second read-
ing of the Reform Bill. At the dissolution
which soon after took place. Sir Henry
was re-elected, unopposed, to join the
band of Reformers which, almost without
exception, were then returned by the
counties. During his brief Parliamentary
life Sir Henry futhfully acted out his pre-
vious professions in favour of reform and
retrenchment, civil and religious liberty.
He was offered by Earl Grey the office of
Secretary at War, which he declined on
the ground of impaired health; and the
same cause obliged him, at the dissolution
which followed the passing of the Reform
Bill, to resign his seat, in which he was
succeeded by Sir Hyde Parker. In 1837,
when Mr. Logan was brought forward to
oppose Mr. Wilson, Sir Henry was induced
to forego personal considerations, and to
join his fortunes with the latter gentle-
man in a contest. But the tide had now
turned in the counties, two-thirds of which
on this occasion sent Conservatives to Par-
liament, and Sir Henry and Mr. Wilson
lost the election under the new franchise
which had been so triumphantly carried
under the old one.
Though now removed from public life,
Sir Henry was a consistent supporter of
liberal policy and fiscal economy ; and in
keeping with those principles, he many
years ago resigned the pension to which
he had become entitled by his services.
As a country gentleman and a landlord,
he was not ostentatious of his zeal as a
farmer's friend — he differed from the ma-
jority of the agriculturists as to the public
policy which was their true interest. But
his anxiety to see the people well employed
and fairly remunerated was evinced on
various occasions, and was understood to
be a condition in letting his farms. His
bounty was given with freedom but dis-
crimination, and with a desire to enable
the poor to help themselves, rather than
to be dependent on eleemosynary assist-
ance.
In society Sir Henry Bunbury was well
fitted to shine. To the frankness of a
soldier, he added the refinement of an ac-
complished gentleman. His taste for the
fine arts was, in the estimation of high
authorities, unsurpassed; and his patronage
of local talent was as generous as it was
discerning. His collection of pictures at
Barton includes several fine specimens of
92
Obituary. — General Sir H. E, Bunbury, Bart. [July,
Sir Joshua Reynolds. In the year 1854
Sir Henry published an interesting "Nar-
rative of some Passages in the Great War
with France/' in which, " as a lesson that
onght not to be forgotten," he dwells on
the inefficiency to which, at the outbreak
of that war, our military means had been
brought by the neglect of the Oovemment
during ten years of peace. He states that,
after the French had, in 1793, declared
war against Great Britain and Holland,
and invaded the latter country, 1,700 Foot
Guards and some scores of Artillerymen,
huddled on board some empty colliers
found in the Thames, were all the assist-
ance that could be afforded to the House
of Orange in the first days of the crisis ;
and that during the whole of that year
the Duke of York never had more than
3,000 British Infantry and about 700 Light
Dragoons under his command, and not
many more infantry in the year following.
Sir Henry has strenuously vindicated his
royal master from the responsibility for
the failures of those campaign, which pro-
perly belonged to the Ministers of the
day. But with regard to the expedition
to the Heldcr, though he contends that
to the council of war with which the
Cabinet had clogged the appointment of
the royal commander, and of the com-
position of which he gives us a curious ac-
count, rather than to the Duke alone,
should be attached the blame of the opera-
tions, he candidly tells us : —
" Much as I loved the Duke personally,
much as I felt many good and amiable
qualities in his character, much as I owe
to him of gratitude for long kindness to
myself, I cannot but acknowledge that he
was not qualified to be even the ostensible
head of a great army on arduous service."
Sir Henry gives a curious picture of the
conduct of Sir John Stuart at the battle
of Maida, of which "he seemed to be
rather a spectator than the person most
interested in the result;" forming no
plan, declaring no intention, and scarcely
troubling himself to give an order ; can-
tering about, perfectly regardless of dan-
ger, and indulging in little pleasantries;
but after the rout of the enemy's left
wing, breaking out into passionate excla-
11
mations — "Begad, I never saw anything
so glorious as this ! There was nothing in
Egypt to equal it! It's the finest thing
I ever witnessed !" He goes on to relate
that the army was left kicking their heels
for forty-eight hours whilst the General
was absorbed in writing his despatches;
an aide-de-camp and a brig to convey them
to England were kept waiting for four
days; but the hero of Maida was unable
to tell his story to his satisfaction, and the
letter was actually not finished till they
reached the straits of Messina, a fortnight
after the battle !
In the preface to his book Sir Henry
expresses his regret at having been obliged
to speak severely of some passages in the
conduct of two or three brave men, whose
reputation has been cherished by the
country. But for his despription of the
Court of Naples and Palermo, which he
drew from personal observations in Sicily,
he offers no apology — it was too bad to be
represented worse than it deserved; and
as a proof of the anxiety of the Court that
the whole truth should not reach the ears
of the British Ministers, he relates that,
just as he was sailing for England, on hia
private affairs, in 1809, a messenger from
Palermo came on board, and soon after
their arrival in London the Sicilian Am-
bassador waited on Colonel Bunbury, to
tender for his acceptance "the Order of
Saint Ferdinand or Saint Something,"
which "was declined with the courtesy
due to the character of Prince Castelcicala,
but with unaltered sentiments as to his
sovereigns and the Court of Palermo."
The present volunteer movement owes
very much of its extent and success to the
zeal and activity of Sir Henry. From the
position he had held when England was
threatened with invasion more than fifty
years ago, he was better acquainted with
the dangers of that period and the spirit
with which they were met than most men
of the present day, and this knowledge
prompted an appeal from him a year ago,
and an offer, if no general movement took
place, to set the example of training a
certain number of volunteers at his own
charge. In 1803, when the peace of
Amiens was broken, he stated we had in
I860.]
Obitvabt. — Mev. James Hamilton,
93
the United Kingdom, nominally, 4^000
foot and 12,000 horse, but many battalions
of the line were meve skeletons of wom-
ont men from the East and West Indies.
Bnt the bold measure of the Army of
Reserve, and the Volcmteers, had before
the dose of antixmn in that year brought
np onr force to S4!2,000 men enrolled and
armed^ which in the aatnmn of 1804 was
further increased to 510,000, besides ar-
tillery, to meet the 150,000 men whom
Napoleon had prepared fbr the invasion^
Sir Henry Bunbury was twice married
•—first, in 1807, to Louisa Emilia, daughter
of General Fox, (under whom he served in
Italy,) and granddaughter of the first Lord
Holland, who died in 1828: secondly,, in
1830, to Emily Louisa, daughter of Colonel
George Napier, by his second wife. Lady
Sarah Lennox, and granddaughter of the
fifth Lord Napier, who survives him. By
his first wife^ besides a daughter who died
young, he had four sons, of whom the
eldest, now Sir Charles James Fox Bun-
bury, bom in Sicily in 1809, succeeds to
the baronetcy and estates. Sir Charles
in 1837 contested the representation of
Bury St. Edmunds, and was only two
votes below Earl Jermyn on the poll.
Mr. Edward Herbert Bunbury was re-
turned in 1847, on the retirement of
Lord Chaiies Fitzroy, but was defeated
by Mr. Stuart in 1852. Colonel Henry
William St. Pierre Bunbury served with
distinction in the Crimean war ; and the
youthful bravery and forgetfulness of self
displayed by Captain Richard Hanmer
Bunbury (deceased) at Navarino will not
readily be forgotten.
The Mineral of Sir Henry took place at
Barton Church, and the bearers of the
body were, by his express desire, " clothed
not in black, but in grey, as more service-
able afterwards."
Rev. James Hamilton.
April 7. At the Rectory, Beddingtcm,
aged 49, the Rev. James Hamilton.
James Hamilton, the only son of Thomas
Hamilton, Esq., formerly of Paternoster
Row, was born in London, November 9,
.1811. His bright, open, active boyhood
GBifT. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
ripened into a youth sedate and thought-
fed; and, with literary tastes and with
deepening piety, he felt strongly attracted
towards the Christian ministry. He went
to St. John's College, Oxford, and gradu-
ated there in 1836. In the following year
he was ordained, his title to orders being
the curacy of Great Baddow, Essex. Of
this parish he became Vicar in 1840, and
in the following year he resigned it for
the rectory of Beddington, Surrey, where
he continued until the day that he died.
" Beddington is a beautiM parish, em-
bowered amidst grand old elms, and bright
with the Wandle — Izaak Walton's own
Wandle — gleaming along through glade
and meadow ; a region so secluded as to
be utterly unconscious of London, only
twelve miles distant. Its fourteen hun-
dred inhabitants, partly grouped in two
or three bamlets, and partly sprinkled
through various inviting nooks and cor-
ners, are mostly rural labourers. When
the new incumbent came there, nineteen
years ago, he found that there was much
to do. Although the church was very
picturesque, it was neither church -like
nor home-like within. To restore its archi-
tecture, and to render it a comfortable
place of worship, involved a large outlay,
but an outlay which he shared so gener-
ously as to elict the cheerful contribu-
tions of his friends. In like manner he
succeeded in erecting commodious schools ;
and, at a cost more entirely personal, he
provided for himself and hU successors a
handsome rectory.
" His people soon came to know that a
man of God was among them. With his
pure, elevated, disinterested deportment,
with a calm self-control which kept dear
of strife and partisanship, and with an ac-
cessibility which made him the resort in
every emergency, they saw that he was
evermore exerting fbr their good and for
his Master's glory, his rare and undisputed
ascendancy. Nor was it anv e£fort to him
to be continually among them. He felt
himself their father. He thoroughly un-
derstood and dearly loved that Saxon
heart, which, under the fustian jacket or
embroidered smock, often beats so loyal
and so true ; and many a time» at the end
of a long day's circuit, he came home faint
with fatigue and abstinenee, bnt able to
think and speak of nothing save the scenes
which had cheered or saddened his spirit.
"Of all his fiock, however, the young
received the largest and most loving over-
sight. The schools were near the par*
94,
Obituary. — Mr. Goddard Johnson.
['niy,
BODAge, and he had a path oanstmct^d
to them direct from his own door. He
was a daily visitor, throwing life and soal
into the lessons, and winning to himself
at once the teachers and the Utught. Be-
sides the usnal routine of classwork, he was
anxioas to interest them in the wonderful
world around them. He encouraged them
to form a little museum, to which every
contribution was welcome, from a stuffed
owlet to a stag'hom beetle ; and be sought
to open their eyes to those beautiful flowers
80 abundant at Beddington, — from the bee
and spider orchises so hizaare in the chalk-
pits, to the lavender and roses, by the cul-
ture of which many of the inhabitants
earn their subsistence. Every boy of pro-
mise found in him a zealous patron, and
in the line of things for which he seemed
fittest — clerk, artizan, pupil-teacher — was
sure to be helped onward as long as his
necessities required or his deserts might
justify. But it was for their souls that he
watched, and in order to win them he
was gentle among them as a nurse cherish-
ing her children. There was one season
especially on which he concentrated his
most earnest and affectionate efforts. It
was that period when the youth of the
Church of England make public profession
of their faith, and from sponsoriid tutelage
pass over into a state of avowed personal
responsibility. From the long- continued
instructions and tenderly-solemn exhorta-
tions which preceded such seasons, many
of his younger parishioners dated their
deepest religious impressions.
" With a constitution by no means
robust, he had never been an invalid ; and
although his worn, attenuated look often
made hia friends uneasy, it was in vun
they said, ' Spare thyself.' Even his short
holiday he seemed glad to abbreviate, so
as to get back to his beloved Beddington,
and before he was himself aware, the vital
powers were wasted. Lent brought its
extra services, and he had in addition some
sixty candidates to prepare fur confirma-
tion. One of these, as it is now interest-
ing to recal, was his youngest child and
only daughter. The great task of the year
was nearly ended, and after ten days more
be might look for relaxation. The confir-
mation was held on Tuesday, the 27th
of March, and, according to his custom,
he had provided for the young people
dinner in the school-room. Passing from
the heated apartments into the keen open
air, he caught cold, which confined him to
his bed, and soon assumed the form of
pleuritic fever. With congested lungs,
and only able to breathe in quick and
panting respirations, the ntteranoea of
these last days were reduced to mono-
syllables. The longest sentence that he
spake on the last day of that dlitressing
illness was when some one remarked,
* You are weary,' and he answflired, * Yes ;
but there remaineth a rest for the people
of God.' He lingered on till within an
hour of Easter Sunday.
" Some will ask. To which Mction of the
Church did he belong ? and what was his
school of theology? To which the true
answer is, an eclectic theologian, and a
Churchman staunch and eiedfast. His
time at Oxford was the tOp-tide of the
Tractarian movement, and a spirit so de-
vout and susceptible could hardly fail
to be impressed by the iurrounding in-
fluences; but happily fof himself, before
he listened to the fascioftting mysticism
of Mr. Newman, he had been a constant
hearer of Mr. Howels, and could never for-
get those sublime corroications of Chris-
tian philosophy which so often flashed
from the pulpit of Lon^icre Chapel ; and
although he left college with strong Angli-
can leanings, they were gradually modi-
fied by his own sound Judgment, and by
the actual requirement of an earnest
pastorate. It was the Gospel of the grace
of God with which he went to the bed-
sides of his dying parishioners, and within
the ample homestead of All genuine Chris-
tianity his spirit walked at liberty. On
the day that he was dvlng, waiting in an
adjoining apartment, wnlch was one of the
spare bed-rooms of the irectory, our eye
ran over the book-shelvea provided fbr his
visitors, and we saw standing side by
side *The Christian Year/ 'Taylor's Holy
Living and Dying,' 'The Memoirs of
Robert Murray M'Cheyne, and Henry
Venn;' we felt that the collocation was
truly typical of the mind which placed
them there, and which enbordinated all
personal attachments and SBsthetic pre-
ferences to the Name that is above all
others. In that Name he would have been
c mtent to have his own merged and for-
gotten : it lives, however, in memories
which cannot afford to let it go, and in
hearts which owed to him thmr first intro-
duction to the source of all happiness.
And although the place that once knew
him so well knows him no more, genera-
tions must come and g^ before Beddington
forgets the benefactor who has left his
memorial in all its dwellings, and who
died, as he had lived, in ite service." —
( Communicated,)
Mb. Goddabd JoHirsoy.
April 10. At Dereham, aged 83, Mr.
I860.]
Obituaey. — Mr. Goddard Johnson.
95
(Goddard Johnson, a veteran archasolo-
gwt.
"The deceased," says the "Norwich
Mercnry," "enjoyed the esteem and re-
spect of perhaps as wide a circle of friends
as any man in any station of life had ever
obtained for himself.
"The late Mr. Goddard Johnson was
strongly attached to the study of antiqui-
ties, and, indeed, his love for the science
of archsBology in its manifold departments
was so bound up in every act of his long
life, that his feelings upon this subject
were shewn to have been neither gathered
from an accidental attraction towards the
general science, or from early training, but
to be as much a part of his nature and indi-
vidual self as any one of his senses. The last
fifty years of his existence were passed in
the depths of research among Roman re-
mains, ancient buildings, the mouldering
contents of church chests, municipal mu-
mments, numismatic collections and lite-
rature, ecclesiastical brass rubbings, and
other kindred employments. Scarcely a
coin, a fibula, or a piece of pottery could
be exhumed in the district in which the
deceased antiquary resided, but was either
fbund by his own hand, brought to him
for examination, or passed by purchase into
his hands. The knowledge of a ' discovery*
having been made in the county, found
its way to the late Mr. Johnson as cer-
tainly as iron finds its way to the mSgnet.
Persons who had no personal knowledge
of him, considered it almost a duty that
they should communicate any stray piece
ofantiquarian intelligence to him; and this
singularity, combined with his large and
untiring correspondence among friends
and acquaintances, rendered him the depo-
ntory of mach of the current archsDologi-
cal news of Norfolk. No amount of per-
sonal exertion daunted him in the pursuit
of knowledge. Of simple habits, with a
mode of life which a 'Norfolk dumpling*
and a glass of spring water would at all
times amply satisfy, and with a frame
capable of enduring, great personal exer-
tion, even in his latter days he would un-
dertake long journeys in behalf of his dar-
ling pursuit; but when in the prime of
life, his excursions to the seats of interest-
ing places at far distances were almost of
daily occurrence. The intended removal
of tumuli on a Norfolk heath, or an exca-
vation on the site of some old monastery
or church, seemed to reach Goddard John-
son instinctively, and frequently before
the supposed secret operations could be
commenced, he would be foand on the spot
to assist, indicating, in his unobtrusive
manner, the site of the funereal urn filled
with the calcined bones of British, Roman,
or Saxon progenitors, descrying with the
eye of the lynx where lay a first-brass
Roman coin wrapped in its green mantle
of long accumulated centuries, or taking
note whether the walls of churches under
repair or destruction cUsdosed beneath
their successive coats of whitewash any
indications of mural puntings. In follow-
ing such occupations, or sitting at home
in his small study transcribing or reading,
(for he had a good library,) his life was
passed in contentment and even pleasure,
— although our antiquary, in that earthly
region which lay beyond the pale of his
home, had experienced considerable family
trouUes and bereavements. As Charlt>s
Lamb says, ' He was a man that had had
his losses, and as a mortal he had also
borne and felt them.'
" The late Mr. GKxldard Johnson never
did more than contemplate authorship.
In truth, the knack and the refinement
necessary were not in him. He could
neither round a period, nor did he care to
make himself capable. But this was of
minor consideration, because he was never
desirous of keeping what he knew exclu-
sively to himself. His numismatic learn-
ing, his collections on Folk Lore, his
gatherings of old Norfolk words and
phrases, have for the most part been free
to others, and much collected by himself
has appeared in the volumes of the Nor-
folk Archseological Society, and in works
publbhed by friends, unacknowledged.
Still his services in this way have received
many appropriate acknowledgments, and
the late Mr. Dawson Tomer of Yarmouth,
in the printed catalogue to his Illustrated
Blomefield, thus speaks of his own in«
debtedness to our deceased antiquary : —
" * But above all, to Mr. Goddard John«
96
Obituary. — Mr. Albert Smith.
[July,
son, whose efforts in snp^ying the mb-
bings of inedited sepulchral brasses, and
whatever other objeots of antiquity he
could collect, have been pursued without
intermission, and their results commu-
nicated with a hearty kindness that entitle
him to the warmest acknowledgments/
"Although Mr. Johnson died at Dere-
ham, he had quitted this city only a few
years, and his fKends in Norwich are nu-
merous. His death was the result of no
disease, but caused by that natural decline
of human power which must, as a sure
consequence, visit the man who had seen
so many winters, however simple his life,
and however much the least indulgences
had from taste or principle been rigidly
avoided.
" Mr. Johnson was employed by the Cor-
poration of this city in making a Reper-
tory of the city muniments, a task of
great labour."
Mb. Albbbt Smith.
May 22. At North-end Lodge, Fulham,
of a sudden attack of bronchitis, added to
former ailments, aged 43, Mr. Albert
Smith, the well-known author and popular
lecturer.
The deceased was bom at Chertsey, on
the 24th May, 1816. His father was a
surgeon in very good country practice, and
intended bringing up his son to the pro-
fession. The boy was accordingly sent to
Merchant Taylors' School; and the ac-
count of his scholastic experiences, how he
was bullied and homesick, and how, finally,
he ran away, and found his way from Lon-
don to Chertsey — all this has been nar-
rated by him in the " Scattergood Family."
But even in the boy the ruling passion
began to develope itself; and when eleven
years old, he was noticed in a county
newspaper as having (at a public dinner
given to the member for Surrey) "sung
two songs in the style of Matthews with
a genius and versatility that astonished
everybody." From Merchant Taylors* he
was sent to the Middlesex Hospital, where
he gained several prizes, afterwards con-
tinuing his studies at the Hotel Dieu in
Paris. On his return to England he
practised with his father as a surgeon at
Chertsey, and went through all the melan-
choly drudgery of a country doctor's life,
which be has since in so many wa^s de-
scribed.
His literary tastes were early developed.
These he first gratified by some contribu-
tions to the " Medical Times," in which
appeared " Jasper Buddie, or Confessions
of a Dissecting-room Porter." Not being
entirely satisfied with his position as a
surgeon, he prepared views of the scenery
of the Alps, together with a descriptive
lecture, with which he visited most of the
small towns in the vicinity of the metro-
polis during 1839 and 184a In 1841 he
settled in London, and commenced writing
for the magazines, in which appeared,
among a variety of miscellaneous articles,
several of bis novels. He afterwards became
the dramatic critic of a weekly newspaper,
and also wrote many " Physiologies" of the
various classes of London society, — " The
Gent," "The Ballet Girl," "The Idler
upon Town," "The Flirt," all of which
had a great sale. In 1849 Mr. Smith
vbited the East, and on his return pub-
lished the result of his travels in " A Month
at Constantinople," the first of his works
in which he proved himself possessed of
much greater powers than were needed
for mere comic writing.
Mr. Smith, in the autumn of 1851, re-
visited the scene of his early predilection,
and succeeded with much difficulty in
g^ning the summit of Mont Blanc, a feat
which afterwards became one of every day
occurrence. On March 15, 1852, he pro-
duced at the Egyptian Hall his entertain-
ment of "The Ascent of Mont Blanc,"
wherein his rapid but distinct utterance,
his humour, the well-selected and well-
painted scenery, and his careful attention
to the comfort of his auditors, enabled him
to achieve an unprecedented sucoess. Tliis
entertainment continued a standard fa-
vourite for several years, when Mr. Smith
determined on introducing the British
public to an entirely new field of observa-
tion. In the autumn <^ 1858, therefore,
he went to China, and after remaining
there a sufficient time to make himself ac-
quainted with the manners, customs, and
national peculiarities of the inhabitants of
I860.]
Clergy Deceased.
97
the flowery land, he retamed to London,
and commenced a series of pictorial and
descriptive Chinese entertainments, always
delighting his overflowing audiences.
About a year ago the deceased married
the eldest daughter of Mr. Robert Keeley,
the comedian. His pictorial entertain-
ments are believed to have enabled him to
realize a considerable fortune, and it is
said that he contemplated retiring into
private life, as bis lease of the Egyptian
Hall was very nearly expired.
Speaking of Mr. Smith some time ago,
a writer in the '^Illustrated Times" re-
marked : — " Except for a month's vaca-
tion every year, this indefdtigable gentle-
man has never relaxed his labours since
'Mont Blanc' first started; nine times a
week he has gone through his entertain-
ment, and sung his songs, never allowing
any real or fancied illness, or any domestic
matter, however onerous or worrying, to
interrupt the dae discharge of his business.
There are few that can say as much.*'
CLERGY DECEASED.
May 15. At the reddence of his brother, Wm.
8Ude, esq., Crompton Fold, Bolton -le- Moors,
aged 77, the Rev. Jos. Slade, Canon of Chester,
and Rector of West Kirby.
At Thorpe, aged 66, the Rev. G. MilUr^ Vicar.
May 19. At the Rectory, Cavendish, Soffolk,
aged 94, the Rev. Thomas Casiley^ M.A., for-
merly Fellow of Jesiu College, Cambridge, and
for nearly 53 years the Incumbent of that parish.
He took his degree of B.A. at Cambridge in the
year 1787, when he was seventh Wrangler, and
was the oldest surviving member on the boards
of the University. Few men have enjoyed such
uninterrupted health as Mr. Castley; until the
fortnight before his decease he was a constant
attendant at church, though the duty had for
some few years been done by a curate ; and he
retained possession of his faculties to the last.
His family appears to have been remarkable for
longevity, his father, who obtained the honours
of Senior Wrangler and Chancellor's Medallist in
1755, having lived till nearly 100 years of age, and
his brother being still alive and in the ei^oyment
of good health.
May 2S. At Hastings, aged 38, the Rev.
Frederick Bell Pryor, Rector of Bennington,
Herto.
May 26. At Elsecar, Yorkshire, aged 40, the
Bev. George Seai/ef M. A., Lincoln College, Oxford,
Inoombent of Elsecar, and only surviving brother
of John Scaife, esq., solicitor, Newcastie.
May 27. Aged 71, the Rev. 8, T. Slade Gully ^
of Trevennen, Cornwall, and Rector of Berrynar-
bor, Devon.
Suddenly, while preaching, the Rev. W. Streat-
feildt for thirty-three years Vicar of East Ham,
'Essex.
At the Rectory, Preeton^on-the-Wildmoors,
Wellington, Salop, aged 60, the Rev. W. T. Birds,
Rector.
May 29. At the Vicarage, Ashbury, aged 73,
the Rev. W» Chambers^ B.D., Vicar, and Rural
Dean in the diocese of Oxford.
May SI. At Tarrant, Keynston, the Rev. Chas.
Austen^ Rector of Tollard Royal, Wilts.
June 5. At Se«id, Wilts, aged 75, the Rev.
George William Daubeny, LL.B., eldest son of
the late Archeacon Daubeny.
June 6. Aged 47, the Rev. T. Chaffers, M.A.,
Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford.
June 9. In Blandford-st., Portman-sq., aged
75, the Rev. £. Scohell^ M.A., Incumbent of St
Peter's, Vere-st., and Vlcaa" of Turville, Bucks.
June 11. In Stanhope-st., Hyde-park-gardens,
aged 63, the Rev. Baden Powell, SavUian Pro-
fessor of Geometry in the University of Oxford.
Jwie 15. At Ilfracombe, aged 47, the Rev.
Francis Owket M. A., Incumbent of Bothenhamp-
ton, Bridport, formerly of Balliol Coll., Oxford.
June 17. At Orsett-terr., Hyde-park, aged 70,
the Rev. Thomas Clayton Glyn, of Durrington-
house, Essex.
June 18. At the East Indian Chaplaincy, Pop-
lar, the Rev. JRobert Bruce Boswell, late Chaplain
to the H.E.I.C. on the Bengal Establishment.
DEATHS.
ABRAyaSD IK CHBOKOLOaiOAL OBSEB.
Feb. 5. At Nelson, New Zealand, aged 31,
Charles Mousley, esq., SX.L., of Magdalen Col-
lege, Cambridge.
Feb. 14. On board the " Blenheim," on his
voyage home from Calcutta, aged 31, James Val-
lings, esq., of H.M.'s Bengal Army, third son of
the late Fred. Vallings, esq., of Upper Wobum-
place.
March 25. At Calcutta, aged seven months,
Francis, only son of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs.
Chichester.
March 30. At sea, on board H.M.S. " Hermes,"
Lieut. Tathwell B. Collinson, R.N., eldest son of
the Rev. Henry Collinson, Vicar of Stannington.
He was buried with military honoursAt St. Helena.
Ajpril 2. In his apartments at the Louvre,
M. Sauvageot, the wdl-known collector of curi-
osities, and Honorary Conservator of the Im-
perial Museums. He was one of the best judges
of ancient works of art, and had devoted himself
for nearly sixty years to seeking out and pur-
chasing such objects. His collection, estimated
to be worth 600,000f, or 700,000f., he gave a few
years back to the Louvre, on the sole condition
of being permitted to remain under the same
roof with it until his death. At the moment of
dispossessing himself, in favour of the State, of
all those objects so precious and so dear to him,
he wished to ascertain their number and value.
He had an inventory drawn out, conjointiy with
an appraiser, who pledged himself that he would
98
Obituast.
[July,
estimate each object at the price he would pay
for it himself. He foond in all 1,680 objects,
divided into 82 series, of which the following are
the principal :— 151 of glass, 94 Italian earthen-
ware, 89 enamels, 97 Palissy earthenware, 90
irory, 97 bronzes, 142 earrings in wood, 60 ftir-
nitore, 100 arms, 70 Oriental articles in wax, 92
pictures, 64 painted glass, and 130 jewellery.
The estimate of the value attained the amount of
689,200f. The liberality of M. Sauvageot did not
stop here, for, during the three years that he
passed at the Louvre, he increased the collection
by 92 articles worth from 7,000f. to S.OOOf. It is
therefore a present of nearly 600,000f. which a
poor private individual has made to the Museum
of the Louvre, and at the always increasing
prices which since 1857 all those objects have
attained in public sales, it would not be far from
the truth to affirm that if this fine collection were
now put up to auction it would sell for more than
800,000r.— Oclignani.
April 7. At St. Helena, aged 56, C!ol. F. Dud-
geon, late of the 44th Madras Native Infantry.
At Mussoorie, Bengal, Thos. Harvey, youngest
son of the late General Sir M. Hunter.
April 8. At Forres, aged 88, Dr. John Grant,
Staff-surgeon. He was the third son of Mr. James
Grant, Heathfield, many years factor for Strath-
spey ; and was bom at Old Grantown on Nov.
35, 1771. At an early age he was sent to Maris-
chal College, Aberdeen, where the late Sir James
M'Grigor, hart., was his class-fellow. A strong
intimacy sprung up between them, which only
terminated with Sir James's death. Shortly
after leaving college Mr. Grant was appointed
Assistant-Surgeon to the Grant Fencibles, one of
the Strathspey regiments, raised by the late Sir
James Grant of Grant, who were embodied at
Forres in April, 1793 — nearly seventy years ago.
When the Fencibles were disbanded early in
1799, Dr. Orant was appointed to the 63rd, and
went through the campaign under the Duke of
York in that year. He was with his regiment
in Malta and Gibraltar, and was afterwards placed
on the staff, and stationed for some time in Aber-
deen ; where, in conjunction with his friend Sir
James M'Grigor, Mr. Robert Brown, the emi-
nent naturalist, also an intimate friend, and Dr.
Moir, he founded the Medical Hall and Library ;
and their portraits may now be seen side by skle
in the building. Dr. Grant, after leaving the
service, resided in Elgin, and subsequently came
to Forres, where he practised his profession from
1819 to 1832, when he retired ; but continued to
reside there with little interruption till his de-
cease. For many years before, and for some
time after, tbe Reform Bill, he was an active
magistrate of the burgh, and took a great in-
terest in all municipal matters and local improve-
ments.—l^((>fres Oazettt,
April K). At Kurrachee, in Sdnde, Henry
Emmanuel Scott, esq., C.E., second son of the
late Lieut.-Ck>lonel Scott, of Bevelaw, Mid-
Lothfan.
April 16. At the residence of his brother. Dr.
Macpherson, aged 54, Major Macpherson, poli-
tical agent at the Court of hia Highness the Ma-
harajah of Gwalior. He was the eldest son of
the late Dr. Macpherson, Professor of Greek in
King's College, Aberdeen, and was bom in Old
Aberdeen on the 7th of January, 1806. He was
educated in Aberdeen, afterwards at Cambridge,
and subsequently studied law at Edinburgh, with
a view to the Scotch bar. He, however, relin-
quished this intention, and accepted of an Indian
cadetship, and went to Madras in 1827, so that at
his death he had been thirty-three years in the
service. He was first engaged on the trigono-
metrical survey of India, and it was while thus
employed that he became interested in the
Khoonds, his services in connection with whom
were of the highest utility. By the infiuence
which his character qualified him to exert over
the native mind, he succeeded by the mere force
of argument in persuading this tribe to give up
such barbarous customs as human sacrifices and
female infanticide. The work was not light.
He had to labour in a climate so pestUential that
in one month ninety-five per cent, of his native
followers were struck down, and his own health
received a shock so severe as to compel a visit
for two years to the Cape. His time there w|#
passed not in idleness or in recreation, but ia
preparing a valuable report on the condition of
the Khoonds, and in visiting, with a view to (he
perfection of arrangements for their beneflty the
frtmtier tribes of the Kaffirs nearly two thousand
miles distant. As a political officer the 4#ccased
possessed g^reat abilities, and was one 9f the fore-
most among those who rendered important ser-
vices to Government during the ipoet critical
period of the mutiny.
April 20. At Brassels, aged 64f M. Charles de
Brouckere, the burgomaster, % very popular
functionary. He was bom at If aestricht Jan. 6,
1796. In 1831 he was Minister of War, and after-
wards Minister of Finance, Director of the Mint,
of the Bank of Belgium, Aw. He had held the
office of burgomaster eror since 1848. Brussels
is indebted to him for an admirable supply of
water, and for the restoration or eonstruetion of
most of the public monuments. To him likewise
the city owes the construction or improvement
of schools, churebes, theatres, barracks ; also the
adoption of various sanitary measures. He was
honoured with a public funeral at the eo«t of the
city, and it has been determined that a street
diall be named after him, and a monument
erected by subscription-
April 22. At Bombay, suddenly, Iieut.-Col.
J. H. G. Crawford, Bombay Engineers.
April 26. At his residence, Upton-park-tcr.,
Slough, aged 47, John Ashby, esq.
April 27. At Nivelles, in Belgium, aged 65,
GcOTge Stainford, esq., late of Hutton, Yorkshire,
and formerly of the 29rd Fusiliers, with which
regiment he served the Waterloo campaign.
April 29. At Bombay, aged 45, Capt. John
George Forbes, Acting Military Auditor-General,
Bombay Army, second son of the late John
Forbes Mitchell, esq., of Thaniston, Aberdeen.
In camp at Oonia, in Guserat, East Indies, of
cholera, after a few hours' illness, aged 21, Lieut.
James Robert Alfred Colebrooke, of H.M.'s 83d
i860.]
Obituary.
99
Re^., and youngest son of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Wm.
Colebrooke.
April 30. At Woolwich, aged 74, John Rowley,
a well-known sergeant of the Royal Artillery.
He enlisted into that regiment at a time (1803)
irhen the nation was in alarm about the threat-
ened invasion of Napoleon. In August, 1808,
gunner Rowley, belongring to the famed Major
Lawson's company, commenced his active career
in the Peninsula, and left it at the peace in 1814.
During that stormy period he fought in fifteen
battles and sieges, besides nimierous lesser affkirs,
and was twice wounded. For these services he
received the war medal and eleven clasps ! Twice
he served at Gibraltar, and the rest of his time
was passed in Guernsey and Woolwich, where
he was discharged in 1827. Subsequently he was
employed for more than a year as a clerk in the
military repository at Woolwich ; whence he was
removed to Portsmouth, where he filled the office
of steward of the Ordnance Hospital for twenty-
two years. In this way he was close oo. fifty
years in the service of his country.
May 1. At Bombay, of cholera, aged 26, Henry
Lee, eldest son of Henry Boulton Pennell, esq.,
of Dawlish.
May 2. At Montreal, Canada, from the effects
of a fall from his horse, aged 32, Marcus Richard,
only son of the Rev. Marcus Richard Southwell,
Yicar of St. Stephen's, St. Alban's.
At Chalons-sur-Saone, M. Deslais, Professor of
Natural Philosophy at the College of that place.
He had occupied himself lately with etherization,
and on the previous day had been lecturing upon
that subject to the pupils. The next morning
he was found dead in his room. He was leaning
with his head over a glass of ether, the windows
being open as though to prevent suffocation : it
is supposed, therefore, that he was making some
experiment on himself, which proved fatal.
May 8. At Evesham, aged 47, the wife of
Oswald Cheek, esq.. Town Clerk of the borough.
May 4. Aged 66, Mary, the wife of Gilbert
Bridges, esq., surgeon, Narb<m>ugh.
At Porldngton, Salop, aged 81, Wm. Ormsby
Gore, esq. Mr. Gore was a branch of the noble
family of Gore, Earls of Arran. He was educated
at Eton and Merton College, Oxtordt and after-
wards entered the army, served as Aide-de-camp
to the Duke of Richmond and Earl of Hardwick,
during their Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland. Early
in life he sat for his native county of Leitrim, in
the Parliament of Ireland, which county his
father had also represented, and it is said that at
one time there were no less than thirty members
of this house in the Irish Parliament. In 1815
he married Mary Jane Ormsby, of Porldngton, in
Shropshire, the wealthy heiress of^be ancient
houses of Willowbrook, in the eounty of Sligo,
and at Owen, of Porkington, Clenenney, and
Glyn, in the counties of Salop, Carnarvon, and
Merioneth. Upon this occasion Mr. Gore as-
sumed by royal licence the additional surname
of Ormsby, before that of Gure. Subsequently,
he represented the Carnarvon boroughs during
one Parliament, and then came in for the
Northern Division of Shropshire, for which he
continued member for more than twenty years,
and retired at the general election of 1857. Mr.
Ormsby Gore was warmly attached to the Con-
servative party. He was also well known for
the active part which he took in promoting rail-
ways in the districts in which his estates are
situated. He was chairman of the Shrewsbury
and Hereford Railway till his death. By his lady,
who survives him, he has left two sons ; John
Ralph, late groom-in-waiting to her Majesty,
formerly M.P. for Carnarvonshire, and now for
North Shropshire, who is married to Sarah, dau.
of Sir John Tyssen Tyrell, Bart. ; and William
Richard, M.P. for the county of Leitrim, mar-
ried to Emily, daa. of Adm. Sir George Seymour,
K.C.B., heir presumptive to the Marquis of
Hertford.
May 5. At the residence of his brother, (the
Rev. Henry Parry of Blyehau,) aged 85, Augustus
ap Henry Parry, esq., surgeon, Llanasaph.
May 6. T. Boult, esq., Wanstead-hall, Essex.
During divine service, at St. Matthew's Church,
Widcombe, Bath, aged 59, King Ellison, esq.,
late of Rodney-st., Liverpool.
At Borrowash Mills, aged 78, John Towle, esq.
At the episcopal palace at Vannef, Monseigneur
de Broons de Tauvert, who had been bishop of
that see for thirty-three years.
May 7. James Morison, esq.. White Rose-hall,
Barkiogside, Essex, late of H.M.'s. Hon. Corps
of Gentlemen-at-Arms.
Aged 75, Sarah, wife of R. Coaks, esq., ot
Norwich.
In the Lower Close, Norwich, aged 69, Mari-
anne, dau. of the late Rev. >^ ilHam Gunn.
At Birkenhead, Mary, the wife of John Somer-
ville Jackson, esq.
May 8. Aged 53, Jane, wife of the Rev. Wm.
Kcr, Incumbent of Tipton, Staffordshire.
The Rev. David Stewart, of Ardnamurchan.
The rev. gentleman was in the thirty-second year
of his incumbency. He was a man of original
character and of mark in the country ; singularly
commanding in his personal appearance, a scho-
lar, a profound theologian, and much esteemed
both fur the gentleness and fearlessness of his
disposition. For the last sixteoi years, while the
weather, however stormy, did not prevent Mr.
Stewart from performing regularly the duties of
his extensive district, he was not one day out of
his parish either for health or pleasure. About
eight miles ftrom the parish church he erected,
solely at his own expense, a commo^ous church
and sofaoolhouse at a point where they were much
needed. He was foimd dead in bed.— /nceme««
Courier.
At Newton, where he had lived for above half-
a-century, aged 109, Hugh Fullarton, a native
of Ireland. His business was that of a slater, at
which he had worked until within the last few
years.
May 9. Martha, relict of Henry Pulley, esq.,
late of Norwich.
At Hales, aged 85, A. Freston, esq.
At New York, aged 67, Samuel Gritwold Good-
rich, better known as Peter Parley. He was bom
in Conneeticat, commenced life as a puUisher
100
Obttuast.
[July,
in Harford, and after a viait to Europe in 1824^
removed to Boston, where he continued the same
business in an enlarged fonn^ From 1S28 to 1842
he edited "The Token," an annual to which
some of the most ^ebrated American writers
contributed. In 1827 he commenced his sevies
of tales under the name of Peter Farley, and
continued them at the rate of a volume a year
till 1857. A " Cabinet Library,'* several school
books, two volumes of poems, and a number of
sketches, &c., were also written by him. His
last work, published in 1857, was his " Recollec-
tions of a Life-time, or Men and Things that I
have seen." In 1867 he had written and edited
170 volumes, of which about 7,000,000 copies had
been sold, and about 300,000 were then sold
annually. Ftom these works, though published
by various parties, Mr. Goodrich realised a large
fortune. He was at one time a member of the
Massachusetts senate, and for several years re-
sided in Paris as United States Consul. His
decease was sudden, brought on by disease ai
the heart.
May 10. At Florence, Theodore Parker, a well-
known American Unitarian preacher.
May 11. At Madeira, aged 46, Sir F. Hopkins,
bt., Athboy, co. Meath, and Rochfort, West-
meath.
In Pulteney-st., Bath, Jane, widow of Webster
Whistler, esq.
At Barbados, after a few days* illness, William
Usher Mends, esq., Deputy>Gommissary-General
of H.M.'s Forces.
May 12. At Park-pl., Cheltenham, aged 65^
Martha, wife of W. F. Heather, es<^
At Melksham, Wilts, Richard L. Adney, esq.,
solicitor, second son of the late Rev. R. Adney ;
also. May 9, aged 13 months, William, youngest
son of the above.
At Montreal, Canada East, aged 29, Eliza
Crespigny, wife of Capt Close, R.A., and only
daughter of Octavius Williams, esq., of Truro.
May 13. At Cheltenham, Jane, wife of Major
A. B. Kerr, 24th Regt., Madras Native Infantry.
At Wrelton, rather suddenly, aged 72, John
Skelton, esq.
At his seat, Scarishrick-hall, aged 59, C. Sca-
risbriek, esq., of Scarisbrick -and Wrightington.
The deceased, who was probably the wealthiest
commoner in Lancashire, was the representative
of the Scarisbrick, Dicconson, and Wrightington
families. He was the second son of the late
Thomas Eccleston, esq., of Eocleston, near Free-
cot, the descendant of a family that had been
seated there for many centuries. During the
civil wars the estates were sequestered by Parlia-
ment, but were subsequently restored to the
family. Mr. Thomas Eccleston, the father of the
deceased Mr. Scarisbrick, sold the Eccleston pro-
perty in 1812 to Mr. Taylor of Moeton. This
Thomas Eccleston, on the death of his uncle, Mr.
Edward Dicconson of Wrightington, succeeded
to the Wrightington property, and by marriage
with the heiress of the Scarisbrick family he ac-
quired the Scarisbrick estates and took the name
of Scarisbrick. On his death in 1807, he left two
■cms and four daughters. The eldest son, Thomas,
12
wha assumed the name of Scazisbriek, married
Sybilla Georgiana, daughter of the late William
Farington, of Shawe-ball, and died without issue,
in the year 1833. On his death, the next brother,
the gentleman just deceased, who had succeeded
his father in the Wrightington property, and
assumed the name of Dicconson, instead of Ec-
cleston, succeeded to the Scarisbrick property
also, and took the name of Scarisbrick only. His
succession thereto was disputed by his sisters,
but was confirmed in the highest court of law,
after a prolonged litigation. Two of his sisters
were married— Anne, to Sir Thomas Windsor
Hunloke, hart., by whom she had a son, the
late Sir H. Hunloke, hart., who died issueless,
and a>daughter ; and Eliza married to Mr. Ed-
ward Clifton, brother of the late Mr. Clifton of
Lytham-hall, by whom she has a numerous
family. The two unmarried sisters took the
name of Dicconson. The late Mr. Scarisbrick
served the office of High Sheriff of the county
in 1859. He was a Roman Catholic. In politics
be was a Conservative, but beyond giving his
influence to the candidates of that party, he took
no part in public affairs, Hving generally in great
seclusion at one or other of his seats. During
the last quarter of a century he acquired vast
wealth by the increased value of land at South-
port, where he had ** great possessions,** and his
income is computed at £100,000^ a year; yet his
expenditure was very small. The only extrava-
gance he was ever known to be guilty of was in
the purchase of pictures, and he has left a collec-
tion of great value. He was a very good land-
lord, but moet eecentrio in his conduct Some-
times nothing could induce him to see a tenant if
he called upon him ; and it is said that a gentle-
man who came from London specially to see him
on business, had to return without an interview.
The deceased was never married ; at least he
never avowed a marriage, although it has been
at times rumoured that he had contracted an
alliance abroad.— iVe«<on Chronule.
May 14. At her residence, Newtown-house,
near Box, Wilts, Mrs. Holworthy, dau. of the
late William Gyde Adey, esq.
At Prior-park-baildings, Bath, aged 76, Wm.
Evans, esq., B.N.
At her residence, Priory-st., Cheltenham, aged
83, Jemima, third dau. of the late Thomas
Clutterbuok, esq., of Watford-house, Herts.
At Inverness-road, Hyde-park, aged 71, Sarah,
widow of William Irving, esq., of Norfolk-terr.,
Brighton.
May 15. At her reaidenoe, Glocester-row,
Weymouth, aged 86, Sarah, widow of Colonel
James Brskine, C.B., late of H.M.'s 48th Regt.
At Banstead-pl., aged 68, Anne, wife of W. S.
H. Fitzroy, esq.
At Chehnsford, aged 81, 8. Miller, esq., M.D.,
for upwards of forty years practising physician
in that town, and formerly of the Island of
Barbados.
May 16. At Castle Park-terraoe, Ashborton,
Elizabeth, relict of Sir H. Browne, of Brownylfa,
St. Asaph, Flintshire.
At Grantham, aged 84, John Gamer, esq., J.P.
I860.]
Obituary.
101
At the residence of his son-in-law, (T. H.
Willans, esq., Liverpool,) aged 69, William Isaac
Morgan, esq., A.M., M.D., Fellow of the King
and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland.
At Dilston, Northumberland, aged 65, Hannah
EUza, wife of John Grey, of Dilston.
Suddenly, at Beech-grove, Sunning-hill, aged
64, Samnel Toller, esq.
May 17. At Brixton, Emily, wife of Henry
Kingsford, esq., of Littlebourne, Kent.
At Wensley-hall, near Leybum, Margaret
Bruce Dorothy, eldest dau. of the late Rev. Wm.
Wharton, Ticar of GilUng, near Richmond.
May 18. AtLake-villa, Freemantle-park, South-
ampton, aged 34, Elizabeth, wife of John Taylor,
esq., of Carshalton-park, Surrey, andof Swanage,
Dorset.
At Dedham, Essex, Anne Agnes, the wife of
W. H. Penrose, esq., and dau. of the late Charles
Lillingrston, esq., of the Chauntry, Ipswich.
At his residence, Brunswick-house, Hammer-
smith, John Williams, esq., one of the Justices
for the County of Devon and Borough of Deton-
port.
At Yentnor, Isle of Wight, Archibald Home,
esq., Jun., of Inverchroskie and Whitefleld, Perth-
shire, N.B.
At the Curragh-eamp, Ireland, aged 23, Capt.
John Colling, of H.M.'s 26th Cameronian Begt.,
having been mortally wounded by a stray bullet
at rifle practice.
At his residence. Craven-lodge, near Halifax,
John Emmet, esq.
At Stowmarket, aged 73, Ann, relict of the Rev.
F. H. Maberly, M.A., Vicar of Great Flnborough,
Suffolk.
At Malta, Thomas Blayds Molyneux, esq., late
of Malta.
Joshua Russell, esq., Jun., of Cookham, Berks,
son of the Rev. J. Russell, of Blaokheath-hill.
At Paris, M. Jules Cahaigne, formerly editor
of the Commune.
May 19. At the residence of D. Hands, esq.,
Dorset-sq., Annie, younger dau. of the late R.
Jones, esq., of The Box, Awre, Gloucestershire.
At her residence, Blenheim-road, St. John's-
wood, aged 87, Ann, widow of Henry Grundy
Renshaw, esq.
Aged 67, Henry Luard, esq., fifth son of the
late Peter John Luard, esq., of Blyborough-hall,
Lincolnshire.
At Yoelas, Denbighshire, aged 69, Sarah, wife
of C. W. G. Wynne, esq.
At Hastings, aged 40, Andrew Peddie How,
esq., of Mark-lane, London.
At Budleigh Salterton, Caroline, second dau.
of the late Robert Tate, esq., of Bath.
At Field-end, Haslemere, Surrey, aged 81,
Charlotte, wife of James Simmons, esq.
At Sidmouth, Wm. Clark, esq., of Glooeester-
terr., Campden-hill, London.
M. Philip Lebas, son of the Conventlonist of
that name, and member of the Institute. He was
chosen in 1820 by Queen Hortense as the tutor of
Prince Louis Napoleon, the present Emperor.
It was M. Lebas who, in 1830, restored the
celebrated inscription on the pediment of the
Qbnt. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
Panth^n, <* Aux grands hommes, la Fatrie re-
connaissante." M. Lebas had been for some years
past librarian at the Sorbonne ; and he was also
an examiner in (^reek Literature at the Superior
Normal School.
At Marseilles, the Count Henri de Pradine,
Controller-General of the army under the first
Empire, and afterwards Receiver of the Finances
at Chateaudun.
May 20. At Ivinitza, Russia, Lucy, Baroness
de Chandoir, and dau. of the late Sir A. Crichton.
At Heigham, aged 52, Elizabeth Caroline,
second dau. of the Rev. Dennis Hill, of Gressen-
hall Rectory.
At his residence at Cowes, Spencer de Horsey,
esq. The deceased, who was fbrmerly well known
as a member of the House of Commons, was son
of the Rev. Dr. Kilderbee, formerly Rector of
Campsey Ash, who took the name of De Horsey.
He niarried in 1824 Lady Louisa Rous, youngest
dau. of the first Earl of Stradbroke, and sister to
the present Earl, by whom he leaves two sons,
Capt. de Horsey, R.N., and lieut-Col. de Horsey,
of the Grenadier Guards, and a dau., the Coun-
tess of Cardigan.
At Paris, Rear-Adm. Guillois, Councillor of
State, formerly Maritime Prefect at Cherburg,
and Director of the Cabinet of the Minister of
the Marine.
May 21. At Brighton, aged 69, Charles Parke,
esq., of Henbury-house, Sturminster Marshall,
J. P. for Dorset.
At Torquay, aged 39, Capt. R. W. Mackechnie,
H.M.*8 5th Regt. Bombay N.I.
At Belgrave, aged 71, the wife of Mr. Daniel
Cbx, and only surviving dau. of the late John
Throsby, gent., compiler of the History of Lei-
cester.
At North-villa, Regent's-park, Maj.-Gen. W»
Miles, H.E.I.8., and of Cheshunt, Herts.
At Sonthfield-lodge, Eastbourne, aged 86, Sir
Wm. Domville, bart.. Lord Mayor of London in
1813-14, when the Allied Sovereigns were enter-
tained at Guildhall.
In Brompton-sq., aged 45, Wm. Hook Morley,
esq., of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-law.
At Edinburgh, suddenly, from congestion of
the brain. Professor Lizars. In early life the
deceased served as surgeon in the Royal Navy,
and on his retirement fh>m the service he settled
in Edinburgh, where his reputation as an able
and successful operator has always stood high.
He held for thirty years the position of Professor
of Surgery in connection with the Royal College
of Surgeons, and was also for a considerable time
senior operating surgeon of the Royal Infirmary.
Mr. Lizars was the author of several medical
works ; his ** Anatomical Plates" more particu-
larly holding an important place in the estima*
tion of the profession.
May 22. Aged 67, Lieut.-Col. Sir Archibald
Murray, bart., late of the 3rd Fodlier Guards.
At Bowde, aged 74, John Fisher, esq.
At his residence, the Elms, Shirley, near
Southampton, aged 84, Henry Grimes, esq., late
of Coton-honse, near Rugby.
May 33. At Chelmsford, suddenly, aged 61,
0
102
Obituaat.
[July,
W. Gibson, esq., of Ongar, Clerk of the Peace tct
the county of Sasex.
At his residence, acyoining the Palace, Mr. F.
H. Glover, F.S.A. Deeeased had been librarian
to the Queen, for upwards of twenty years.
At Union-terr., Plymouth, Agnes, eldest dau.
of the late Henry Holland 8earle, esq., late Lieut.
R.N. Hospital, Stonehonse, and of Netherton-
bouse, Devon.
At Stock, near Ingatestone, aged 55, William
Arthur, eldest son of the late Capt..Heywood, of
Colchester.
In Pulteney-st., Bath, aged K% Anne, wife of
W. Hunt, esq., and only dau. of the late W.
Pritchard, esq., of Bath.
In St. James's-sq., Notting-hiU, aged 76, Sarah,
widow of John Bayfield Nettleship, esq., of Hingf>.
ham, Norfolk.
At Cottingham, Mr. J. Hill, of Hull, solicitor.
At Falmoutb^ aged 72, John White, esq., mer-
chant.
At Berwick, N.B., at the residence of her son,
the Rev. J. R. Dakers, aged 73, Charlotte, widow
of the late Colin Dakers, esq., M.D^
At Anglesqueville (Seine-Inferieure), after a
short illness, Rear-Admiral Aubry-Bailleul, a
former Governor of Guadalonpe.
May 24. At Warwick, aged 71, Joseph Moore
Boultbee, esq., ' of Springfield, Lieut.-Col. Ist
Warwick Militia. The review of the regiment
terminated in a fatal accident to the Colonel. He
was riding at the head of his regiment on an
Arabian charger, when it started, and struck
against the horse of Lord Leigh. The Colonel
lost his stirrup, and the horse threw him. By
the fall he sustained concussion of the brain, and
died in about two hours afterwards.
At his residence in the Albany, Arthur Brisco,
eeq., of Newtown-hall, Montgomeryshire, 11th
Hussars, and second son of Wastel Brisco» esq.,
of Bohemia, near Hastings.
Suddenly, at Impington-hall, Cambridgeshire!
aged 51, Alexander Cotton, esq., J.P. for the
county, and of Landwade, Lieut. B.N.
At Barnstaple, aged 78, Jane, relict of John
Avery, esq.
In London, aged 68, LIeut.-Col. Thos. Dundas,
of Carron-hall and Torwood. The deceased was
the son of Major-Gen. Thomas Dundas and Lady
Helena, daughter of the Earl of Home. He at-
tended the Military CoU^^c at Marlow, and after-
wards entered the army as ensign in the 52nd
Light Infantry, which formed part of the light
Division. He afterwards joined the 1st Royal
Dragoons as lieutenant, and subsequently was
appointed captain of t^e 15th Hussars. H
marched into France with the army of occupa-
tion, but almost immediately returned home,
find in 1815 married Charlotte Anna, daughter of
Joseph Boultbee, esq., of Springfidd-house, War-
wick. On the breaking out of the war the same
year he rejoined his regiment, and in 1816 retired
on half-pay with the rank of major, and was
iubsequentiy advanced to the rank of lieutenant-
Qolonel. In private conversation the Colonel
fought his battles o'er again with a hearty good-
Will. He was firmly attached to the Estoblished
Chureh, in which he was an elder for many
jean.'—FaUdand Herald,
May 25. At Clifton, suddenly, Jas. Alexander
Gibson, esq., of Launceston, Tasmania, late Chief
Agent of the Van Dieman's Land Company, Mem-
ber of the Legislative Assembly, and Justice of
the Peace in that colony.
At the Cathedral School, Exeter, of consump-
tion, Emily Martha, wife of Edm. T. Foweraker,
and dau. of W. Munk, esq.. Mount Radford-
honse, Exeter.
At Winterton Rectory, Norfolk, aged 66, Eli-
sabeth, wife of the Rev. J* Nelson.
At his residence, Comwall-terr., Regent*8-
park, Robert Bayard, esq., youngest son of the
late Major Bayard, of Bath..
At the Rectory, ShilUngstone, Dorset, aged 44,
Walter Comyns Dunsford, esq.
At Whickham, aged 95, Robert Grey, esq.,
formerly of Shorestone-hall.
At WaUisGOte-hpuse, near Reading, aged 79,
Yice-Admiral Robert Merrick Fowlexv
At Thomer,. near Leeds, Charles Clough, esq.,
of Bradford, solicitor.
At Playford, near Ipswich, aged 77, Mr. Arthur
Biddell. Few men have descended to the grave,
at a ripe old age, with a larger share of the re-
spect and affection of his survivors.. Possessed
of natural powers of no common order, it was the
opinion of a near relaUve standing, in the very
highest ranks of science, that, with the same ad-
vantages, Mr. Biddell would have taken as high
a place as himself; but his education was con-
fined to what could be afforded by the village
school of Rougham . For upwards of half a cen-
tury he occupied the Hill Farm at Playford
(where he died; under the noble house of Ick-
worth, and to his mechanical inventiveness,
which procured for him the ftriendship of the late
Sir William Cubitt and other men of science,
agriculture and other ants are indebted for many
implements and improvements, for one of which,
the hay-borer, he received a silver medal from
the Society of Arts, and his scarifier is the best
known. In his public capacity as a valuer, he
was highly esteemed for his independence and
correctness of jpdgment, and in tithe appor-
tioning and valuing for rates he was employed
perhaps to a larger extent than any other man
in the county. He had been a great sufferer fh>m
rheumatism for some time, bnt he rode about his
farm on Wednesday, and was as well as usual in
the evening. About two o'clock on Thursday
morning he was seised with a violent attack,
followed very soon by a state of unconsciousness,
in which he expired on the following morning.
May 26. Rather suddenly, aged 88, Miss Sal-
mond, of Minster-yard, York. In her the various
religious and ehuritable societies of York have
lost a liberal benefactor, and the poor a warm
friend.
At his residence, Codnor, aged 80, Wm. Slack,
esq., the founder of a Wesleyan Methodist chapel
at that place.
At Kensington Palace-gardens, very suddenly,
aged 57, Joseph Barle, esq.
Aged 78, Samuel EUlKm Peane, esq., R.N.,
I860.]
Obituary.
103
the renerable vestry-clerk and boroagh-treasurer
of Gateshead. His remains were interred in St.
Cnthbert's churchyard, Bensham. Mr. Pearse
Benred an apprenticeship at sea on board a Tyne
collier, and was pressed in Tarmouth Roads in
1800. He rose in the Nary to the offices of quarter-
master and captain of the foretop ; and after being
engaged in some smaller afREiirs, he was in a fly-
ing squadron supporting the fleet under Nelson
at the battle of Trafalgar. luorA Oollingwood
appointed him sailing-master in l€ll ; and he
afterwards served in the West Indies, and on
the coast of Labrador, with Captain Murray, of
H.M.'s frigate *' Valorous." On his retirement,
he became a resident of Gateshead, and had lived
there many years.
Aged 40, David Bristow, (burth son of EIUb
John Troughton, esq.
Mary, the wife of James Wyon, esq., of the
Royal Mint.
May 27. At Nivelles, Belgium, aged 64, Geo.
Stainforth, esq., late of Hutton, and formerly of
the 23rd Fusiliers, with which regiment he served
in the Waterloo campaign.
At Newark, aged 62, Mr. William Hall, coach-
maker. Mr. Hall filled the office of mayor in the
two successive years 1850 and 1861. He was
appointed Chairman of the Improvement Com-
missioners when they commenced their labours
under the new Act in August, 1861, and con-
tinued to hold that position up to the time of his
death, with the exception of the year 1853-4, when
Mr. Ragsdale filled the office.
At Almholme, near Doncaster, much and de-
servedly esteemed, aged 77, Maiy, rdiet of Nathan
Workman, esq.
At Witchampton, aged 72, Mr. Wm. Burt, a
member of the firm of Burt and Son, of the
paper miUs.
At Clapham-rise, aged 70, £dw. Jenkins, esq.
In Clarence-sq., Oosport, Jane, wife of Thomas
W. M'Oonald, esq., Deputy-Inspector-General of
Hospitals and Fleets.
At her residence in Leamington, aged 84,
Maria, relict of G. Eld Smith, esq., formerly of
Linton, Derbyshire.
At Burton-much- Wenlock, Shropsh., aged 29,
Geo. Baugh, esq., youngest son of the late Mrs.
William Hunt, Pulteney-street, surviving his
mother but four days.
Aged 57, George Roberts, esq., of Castle^treet,
Dover, late of Lyme B^is, Dorset.
At High Wycombe, aged 80, John Nash, esq.
At South- West Buildings, Weston-rd., aged 77,
Mrs. Marshall, widow of Henry Augustus Mar-
shall, esq., Civil Service, -Island of Ceylon.
May 28. Suddenly, aged 60, Samuel Minton,
esq., of Clewer-court, Windsor.
At Lower Orosvenor-street, aged 49, Captain
Charles Barker, R.N.
Aged 33, Frances Bell, wife of the Rev. Henry
Smith, Yicar of Easton Maudit, Northampton-
shire.
At Western-cottages, Brighton, aged 60, Miss
Charlotte Mackintosh.
At Bedcar, Ann, relict of the Rev. Richard
Shepherd, Yioar of Rodby in CleTeland.
Aged 70, Mrs. Mary Atkinson, relict of Thomas
Atkinson, esq., late of the Post-office, and Castle-
nau-villas, Bames', Surrey.
At Hampshire-ter., Camden-villas, aged 83,
Mrs. Sarah Anne Filmore, widow of Abraham
Filmore, esq., of Ilsington and Devonport.
At Pan, aged 34, Marion Sadlier, wife of W.
Hore, esq., and only dan. of the Lord Bishop of
Limerick.
At Ridgway, aged 54, Hannah, wife of Wm.
Harriott, esq.. Master R.N.
At Westboume-pl., £aton-sq., aged 52, Mary
Jane, wife of William Johnston, esq.
Aged 38, James Grant, wife of Samuel Grundy,
esq.. Bridge-hall, Bury, Lancashire.
May 29. At Isham Rectory, Northamptonshire,
aged 21, William Mellor Brown, of St. John's
College, Cambridge, youngest son of the Rev. J.
Mellor Brown, Rector of Isham.
At St. Leonards, aged 78, William Butterworth
Bayley, esq., for many years a director, and at
one time Chairman, of the Hon. East India Com-
pany.
At Cambridge, aged 47, Anne Jane, wife of the
Rev. Edward Geare, late of Woodstock.
At Boltons, West Brompton, aged 59, Eliza-
beth Ann, dau. of the 4ate Rev. Richard Lucas,
of Hitohin, Herts.
In Prospect-st., Flymoath, aged 71, Mr. Thoe.
Ham, shipowner.
Hannah, relict of 7ohn Alsop, esq., of Lea-
bridge.
In Southwick-st., Hyde-park«4q., aged 66,
Hugh Alexander Emerson, esq., late Solicitor-
General of Newfoundland.
May 80. At Clifton, aged 88, Captain C. W.
Timbrell, of the Bengal Artillery.
At his residence. The Grove, East Dulwich,
aged 69, Samuel Hall, esq., of Bridge-row.
Aged 26, George Ravensoroft Seaoome, esq.,
Lieut. 2nd Grenadier Regt. Her Majesty's Indian
Army.
At Royal-cres., Nottlng-hill, JUnity Munro, wife
of the late Rev. F. Edgeworth, of Edgeworths-
town and Kingstown, Lreland.
At Eldon-road, Kensington, aged 77, George
WooUey, esq., M.D., formerly of Brompton-row,
Middlesex, and upwards of forty years Medical
Attendant at the Royal Humane Society's Re-
ceiving-house, Hyde-park.
May 31. At Heytesbury, aged 80, the Rt. Hon.
Lord Heytesbury, G.C.B.
At the Pttddock, Thetford, aged 80, Mrs. Bid-
well, relict of John Bid well, esq., long head of the
Consular Department, Foreign Office.
Sudd^y, at South Wembury-house, near Ply-
month, fh>m a severe attack of apoplexy, Mary
Caldwell, only dau. of the late John Parks, esq..
Crescent, Bath, and wife of Alexander Little,
Commander R.N.
After two days' illness, whilst on a visit at E.
L. Crewe's, esq., Repton-park, Sarah Jane, ooly
dau. of the Rev. J. W. Inehbald, late Incumbent
of St. Mary's, Rochdale, Lancashire.
At her residence, Ruthin, North Wales, aged
66, Mrs. Ann Maurice, relict of Thomas Maurice,
esq.
104
Obituakt.
[July,
James SUlwell, esq., of The Arenne, Lower
Tooting.
At Kingston-ttpon-Thames, aged 58, Martha,
wife of Mr. R. F. Bartrop, solicitor.
At St. Leonard'n-on-Sea, aged 38, John AUeyne
Simmons, esq., of Tauclase Estate, Barbados.
At Cheltenham, Isabella Maria, youngest dan.
of the late Thomas McWhinney, esq., of IQngs-
ton, Jamaica.
In Belmont-st., Aberdeen, Mary, second dan.
of the late Gen. Hay, of Rannes, and relict of
Major Mitchell, of Ashgrove.
At CkJtham, John Holmes, esq., whose monifl-
cence was of a character little thoaght of by
those who knew his quiet and unostentatious
life. Living the greater part of his days in
Bristol, although not a native, he, during his
long life, distributed his means with no scanty
hand to many of the local charities, and also to-
wards the erection of numerous places of worship
of all denominations, as well as to schools, and to
other more private objects, thus dispensing in his
lifetime a large portion of a handsome fortune,
amounting to little less than £80,000.— 2?mto<
Daily Post.
At Cuckfield, aged 75, Mary Frances, wife of
Lovel Byass, etfq., surgeon, of Cuckfield. Twice
during tiie period that Mr. Byass has practised in
Sussex his friends and patients have expressed
their admiration of his skill and character by
valuable presentations of plate, and in 1856, on
the fiftieth anniversary of their settling at Cuck-
field, when a service of plate was publicly pre-
sented him, an or-moulu timepiece was also pre-
sented to his wife, whose charitable attentions to
her poorer neighbours had greatly endeared her
to all classes.
Lately. Aged 98, Miss Charlotte Pilgrim, who,
it is stated, for ninety-three years was never ab-
sent ftrom the parish of Watton one month.
Of wounds received in an attack made upon
him by one of the chiefs under Negoussi, the
rebel Governor of Tigr6, while he was traveUing
through that province on his way from Gondar
to Massowa, Mr. Plowden, her Majesty's Consul
in Abyssinia. He was ransomed by King Theo-
dore for 1,000 dollars, but was already in a dying
state.
At Moscow, after having been delivered of a
dead child, Julia Pastrana, a native of South
America, who, although a perfect woman in other
respects, was completely covered with long hair,
which, with a face exceedingly protuberant in the
lower part, gave her much of the appearance of
an ape. The deceased was exhibit^ some time
since in London.
At Auteuil, where he had lately resided for his
health, Stefan Bey, ex-minister of Foreign Affairs
to the Viceroy of Egypt Ue has left a widow,
a French lady, by whom he had three ohildrei),
who survive him.
At Copenhagen, aged 82, M. Oerstedt, a cele-
brated jurisconsult, who was for some time Prime
Minister of Denmark.
June 1. At Bafford-house, near Cheltenham,
aged 86, Gen. Sir David Leighton, K.C.B., the
aenior officer in the Bombay Establishment The
deceased entered the service of the East India
Company in 1795, and was present at the siege
of Seringapatam. He served against Doondia
Wangh in 1800, and in Malabar during the
rebellion in 180S, and in 1815 he commanded a
brigade in the Deeean field force. He took part
in the expedition to Arabia, in 1821, which re-
sulted in the subjugation of the tribe Beni Boo
All. He held for many years the office of
AcUutant'Oen. to the Bombay Army, and the
firmness, regularity, and impartiality which
eharaoteiized his administration g^ve general
satisfaction, and gained for him the esteem and
respect of all those with whom he was brought
in contact.
At Whimple, aged 90, Caroline, relict of Wil-
liam Bnller, esq., of Maidwell, Ndrthamptonsh.,
and of Whimple.
At Wakefield, aged 82, Sarah, widow of Wm.
Dawson, esq., solicitor, late of that place.
At Pinner, Middlesex, aged 69, W. Wyatt, esq.
At Tenterfield, Haddington, N.B., aged 86,
Janet the last surviving dau. of the late Hay
Donaldson, esq., of Haddington.
At his residence, Clarges-st., aged 97, James
(Warrick Moore, esq., of Corswall, Wlgtonshire,
N.B.
At Painswiek, Gloneestershire, aged 75, Col.
George Stuart
At the Crescent, Windsor, aged 55, Thomas
P. Ward, esq., late of Wingfield-lodge, Wink-
field, Berks.
In Mount-st, Grovesnor-sq., aged 28, Maria
Susannah, second dan. of Fryer Richardson, esq.,
of Whinney-honse, Chatteris, CambridgesUre.
At the residence of his uncle. Upper Philli-
more-gardens, Kensington, aged 18, E. Vaux,
esq.
At Leamington, aged 67, J. Harvey Thursby,
esq., late of Abington-abbey, Northamptonshire.
At Hcigham-fields, Norwich, aged 70, John
Goodserson, esq.
June 2. At his seat, near Dundee, aged 82,
Lieut.-Gen. Sir William Chalmers, C.B. and
K.C.H. The deceased was the eldest son of the
late Mr. William Chalmers, of Glenerioht Perth-
shire, and was bom in 1787. Soon after com-
pleting his I6th year he entered the army. He
served in Sidly in 1806 and 1807, and the follow-
ing year accompanied his regiment to Portugal,
and served during the campaigns of 1808 and
1809 in that country and in Spain. He was in
the expedition to Waloheren, including the bom-
bardment of Flushing. In 1810 he proceeded to
Cadiz, and took part in all the succeeding cam-
paigns in the Peninsula. He was employed
on the staff, and was severely wounded in the
assault of the entrenchments at Sarre, and during
bis services in Portugal and Spain he had six
horses killed or wounded under him in action.
He was present in seventeen engagements, six of
them general actions, exclusive of sieges, &g.
He also served in the campaign of 1814 in the
Netherlands, and was present at Waterloo, where
he commanded a wing of the 52nd Regiment of
which he was Major, and had three horses shot
under him. He was at the oaptore of Paris, and
J860.]
Obituary.
106
did not return from France until 1817. In 1837
he was nominated a Knight Commander of the
Royal Hano^ierian Order of Knighthood ; was in
1838 made a Ck>mpanion of the Order of the
Bath; was, by letters patent, made a Knight
Bachelor in 1847 ; and was appointed Colonel of
the 78th Regiment the 30th of September, 1853.
The deceased had received the silver war medal
and eight clasps for Barossa, Ciudad Bodrigo,
Badajoz, Salamanca, Tittoria, Pyrenees, St. Se-
bastian, and Nivelle. His commissions bore date
as follows '.—Ensign, the 9th of July, 1803 ; Lieut.,
the 25th of October, 1803; Capt., the 27th of
August, 1807 ; Mi^or, the 26th of August, 1813 ;
Ueut.-Col., the 18th of June, 1815 ; Col., the
10th of January, 1837 ; Mi^or-Oen., the 9th of
November, 1846; and lieut.-Gen. the 20th of
June, 1854.
At Isleworth, Middlesex, aged 100, Frances,
relict of Samuel Ooodenough, esq., having sur-
vived her husband fifty years.
Of brain fever, aged 30, Malvern Millington
Brewerton, esq., son of the late W. H. Millington
Brewerton, esq., of Croydon, Surrey.
At his residence, Plas Llanddyfhan, Anglesey,
North Wales, Thomas Owen, esq.
At Frognal, Hampstead, Smith Sarah, youngest
dau. of the late Thomas Norton Longman, esq.
At Porchester-terrace North, Kensington-gar-
dens, John Samuel Torrens, esq., late a Judge of
the Sudder Court, Bengal.
June 3. In Lower Grosvenor-street, aged 88,
Field-Marshal the Earl of Strafford, G.C.B.,
G.C.H.
At 32, Sussex-gardens, Hyde-park, aged 61,
Major-Gen. F. S. Hawkins, of the Bengal Army.
At his residence, near Southampton, aged 76,
John Jenkins Loney, esq., Lieut. R.N.
Aged 79, Mr. Femeley, the animal-painter. He
was originally a wheelwright, but abandoned
the trade for painting, and his first sitter was
Mr. Assheton Smith, the well-known fox-hunter.
June 4. At the Manor-house, Great Dumford,
aged 50, Capt. WilUam Wylly Chambers, R.N.,
only son of the late Capt. Stunuel Chambers, R.N.
At Liskeard, Bernard Anstis, esq., solicitor.
Mr. Anstis was one of the leaders of the Reform
party in East Cornwall ; he several times filled the
office of Mayor of Liskeard, and generally was
associated in every local object of interest to his
fellow-townsmen.
Suddenly, at Hastings, of paralysis, aged 62,
Samuel Page, esq., of Lansdowne-road, South
Lambeth, Surrey, and Catherine-court, Tower-
hill.
At Brearley-house, near Halifax, aged 75, Mrs.
Riley, relict of John Riley, esq., J.P.
At Barham, Kent, aged 64, Edmund Lloyd, esq.
At St. Leonards-on-Sea, aged 26, Anne, wife of
James B. Gardner, esq., of Moulmein.
June 5. At Marlborongh-place, St. John's-
wood, aged 72, William J. C. Storey, esq.
Aged 80, Joshua Pedley, esq., of Forest^gate,
West Ham, Essex.
At Forest-gate, Essex, aged 48, Capt. H. W.
Taylor, many years in the Calcutta trade.
At his residence, Albion-terraoe, Commercial-
road East, aged 42, Capt B. McDermott, late of
the P. and O. Company»s ship " Fort William."
At Barton-under-Needwood, Rebecca, wife of
Sir Reynold Alleyne, hart.
At Paris, aged 32, the Hon. John Howe Mon-
tague Browne, Capt. 80th Regt., second son of
Lord Kilmaine.
At Flagstaff-cottage, Landrake, John Rogers,
esq., formerly of Roselion, St. Blazey.
At the Lord Warden Hotel, Dover, of bronchitis,
Major-Gen. Frederic Thomas Buller, late of the
Coldstream Guards.
At the Royal Hospital, Greenwich, aged 71,
John Whitmarsh, esq., R.N.
June 6. In Little Smith-street, Westminster,
Mr. Humphrey Brown, formerly M.P. for
Tewkesbury.
At Abbotsbury, Newton Bushel, aged 38,
Fanny, third dau. of the late Josias Baker, British
Consul at Syracuse.
At Updowne, Sand^oh, aged 59, Mary, reliet
of Sir Thomas Noel Harris, K.C.H.
At the residence of his son. West Brook-cottage,
Dartmouth, aged 88, Mr. Jonas Coaker.
At Malta, on board H.M.S. "Megflera," G. F.
C. Bateman, esq., late Paymaster of H.M.S.
•♦Neptune."
At Buxton, Derbyshire, aged 54, Thos. Benson
EUey, esq. The deceased was a magistrate for
Staffordshire, and filled the office of mayor of
Stafford for two years in succession.
At Abbotsbury, Newton Bushell, Devon, aged
88, Fanny, third dau. of the late Josias Baker,
British Consul at Syracuse.
At her residence, Southover, near Lewes, aged
84, Mrs. Mary Ann Barrow, widow of John Bar-
row, esq., late of Davies-st., Berkeley-sq.
Aged 70, Anne, widow of John Batcheler, esq.,
surgeon, and eldest dau. of the late Rev. Godf^
Heathcote, of Southwell, Notts.
Suddenly, at Portland-terrace, Hastings, aged
64, William Thomas Baxter, esq., late of the
H.E.I.C.S.
June 7. At Ockbrook, aged 49, Alicia Mari-
anne, second dau. of the Rev. John Oliver, Rec-
tor of Swepstone, Leicestershire.
At Naples, of low fever, aged 87, Lewis John
Barbar, esq.. Her Britannic Majesty's Consul for
the Island of Candia.
At the residence of her sister, Bishton-hall,
Stafford, aged 80, Lady Chetwynd.
At Highweek, Newton Bushel, Elizabeth, eld-
est dan. of Samuel Bramsoombe, esq.
Aged 49, Mary Ann, wife of the Rev. Robert
Oamson, Vicar of Normanton-on-Trent.
At Snow-hall, Durham, aged 8, Christopher
Sherwood, seventh son of W. Snrtees Raine, esq.
At Sunderland, Edward Backhouse, esq., for-
merly a partner in the banking firm of Back-
house and Co. His remains were interred in
Bishopwearmouth cemetery; the funeral was
attended by several of the Sunderland magis-
trates, including the Mayor, and many well-
known members of the Society of Friends.
At Scarborough, Sarah, widow of Samuel C.
Brandram, esq., formerly of Sise-lane.
June 8. At Brighton, aged 78, Admiral Edw.
1D6
OaiTUABY.
[Jaly,
Hawker. He entered the Navy in 1798, became
captain in IBM, and had received the na^
medal with one clasp for his senrices.
Suddenly, at Brook-villa, Leam-terrace, aged
119, Mariana, widow of the Be v. E. P. Denniaa.
At Holmwood-hoose, Surrey, aged -77, 4he
Baron de Hochepied Larpent.
At Bexhill, Sussex, Anna, widow of George
'Watoon, esq., of Eastnor, Herefordshire.
At St. Lecmards, aged M, Edm. Burrow, esq.,
of GranvUle-place, Blackheath.
At Edinburgb, Capt Henry Wood, lateof HM.*8
"Srd Light Dragoons.
Jwm9. At Leamington, aged 96, Lady Oamegie.
At Yenloe, of apoplexy, aged t9, G. P. R.
James, esq., H.M.'s Consul-General, the well-
'known novelist.
At Addiscombe*vUla8, Croydon, aged 73, Josh.
Beardmore, esq.
At North Dalton Wold-house, aged 70, Wm.
iBinnington, esq.
Harriet, widow of Thomas Milne, esq., of
'Warley-house, Yorkshire.
-In London, aged 16, Bessy, youngest surviving
' dau. of Mr. Matthew Patterson, chief clerk of
lH.M.*s Customs, Newcastle.
June 10. At Canterbury, aged 13, William
Piers Ormerod, esq., F.B.C.S., late one of the
surgeons of the Radciiffe Infirmary, Oxford, and
lUth son of George Ormerod, D.C.L., of Tyldes-
ley, Lancashire, and Sedbury-paxk, Gloucester-
^ahire.
At Somerset-pl., Stoke, aged 68, James Dawe,
eeq., actuary of the Devonport Savings' Bank.
At Canterbury, aged 25, Godfrey Thos. HaUifax,
'esq., only son of the Rev. J. S. HallifiK, of Ed-
^wardstow-honse, oo. Suffolk.
At the residence of his father-in-law, Douglas,
near Cork, aged 44, Arthur Maude, esq., late of
Rose-hill, Rawmarsh, a magistrate of the West
•Biding.
At his residence. North Parade, Pemanoe,
«ged93, P.'C. Veale, esq.
June 11. At her residence in Piccadilly, Lady
Charles Somerset, widow of Gen. Lord Charles
Somerset, second son of Henry, fifth Duke of
Beaufort, and sister to the present Earl Poulett.
At Pimlico, Mrs. Heatherly, widow of Henry
Heatherly, esq., and sister of Mrs. Richards,
Paradise-pL, Stoke.
At Osgathorpe, Charles Jttmes Fox, fifth son of
the Rev. Joseph Tounghusband, M.A., formerly
of Saxilby, Lincolnshire.
At Pilton, Devon, aged 70, J. B. Davey, esq.
At ThomcliiTe, Leamington, Hannah, wife of
John Walker, esq., late of Weaste-hall, Pen-
dleton, near Manchester.
At Beverley, Benjamin Hind, esq., late manager
of the MaltoD Branch of the Union Bank.
At Wirksworth, aged 71, Thos. Poyser, esq.
At Ramsgate, aged 91, Benjamin Nind, esq.,
late of Throgmorton-st., London, and Leyton-
stone, Essex.
Jun$ 12. Suddenly, in Paris, Maria Dolores,
wife of Yice-Admiral Grenfell, I.B.N., Consul-
General of Brazil, of Wellesley-terr., Lirerpool.
Juns 13. At Old Charlton, Kent, agdl 76, Eliza-
betili, widow of Edward Riddle, esq., of Greenwich
Hospital.
At his residence, Waterloo, near Liverpool,
Joseph Churton, esq., surgeon.
In Oxendon-st., Haymarket, aged '76, Capt.
Richard Stuart, R.N.
-In Hyde-st., Winchester, aged 52, Eliza, wife of
Charles Curry Biekham.
At Brunswick-pl., Bath, of bronchitis, Margaret
Anne, only dau. of the late Thos. Andrews, esq.
June 14. At Allington-castle, near Maidstone,
aged 81, Mr. Thomas Pack.
At Upper Hamilton-terrace, St John's-wood,
aged 56, John Parkinson, esq.
At Southampton, Harriette, dau. of Alexander
Mangin, esq.
In GreenVrow, Chelsea, aged^, Philip Da vies
Margesson, Capt. Royal Artillery, F.R.'G.S.,
fourth son of the Rev. W. Margesson.
At Paris, Mary, widow of lieut.-Col. Delm^.
June U. At Plumstead, Kent, aged-^l. Dame
Louisa Augusta Perrott, widow of Sir E. Bindloss
Perrott, bart., third dau. of the late'€ol. N.
Bayly, M.P., ftnrmerly of the let Foot Guards
(Grenadiers), and the R.W.M.M.
At Tyringfaam, Bucks, aged 71, Elizabeth,
widow of Capt. Richard Hoare, R.N., and dau.
of the late William Praed, esq.
AfCringleford, Norwich, aged M, Mary Ann,
wife of the Rev. W. C. Davie.
At Ashmore, Dorset, aged 82, Anna Maria,
wife of the Rev. J. E. Adams, Rector of that
parish.
JuM 16. At the Royal Hospital, Greenwich,
aged 76, John Elliot, esq., steward of that esta-
blishment.
June 17. In Chesham-pl., Elisabeth Sarah,
the wife of Abraham George Roberts, esq.
At Tbomcombe-house, near Taunloo, Somer-
set, John Norris, esq., a magistrate and deputy-
lieutenant for that county.
Jume'lB. At his residence, Mousehold-honse,
near Norwich, aged'74. General Sir R. J. Harvey,
CiB., K.T.S., Knight Commander of the Order
of St. Bento D'Avis, F.R.S. and F.A.S.
At Iltsroy-terr., Oloceeter-road, Regent's-
park, of apoplexy, aged 63, Capt. W. B. Liot,
formerly of Tottenham, and lateOhairman of the
Board of Management of the Royal Mail Steam
Packet Company.
At her residence, in Holywell, Oxford, aged
79, from the effecta of an accident, Sarah Ann
Chapman, younger dau. of the Rev. Jooeph Chap-
man, D. D., formerly President of Trinity College,
in the University of Oxford.
In Campden-grove, Kensington, Mi^or-Gen.
Grantham, late of the Royal Artillery.
June 19. At Edinburgh, Andrew Anderson,
M.D., formerly Surgeon in H.M.'s 9Snd High-
landers.
June 21. In London, of scarlet fever, Caroline,
widow of the late Lieut-CoL Henry Ellis Boates,
of Rosynalt, Denbighshire.
June 24. At Paris, aged 75, Jerome Bonaparte,
ex-King of Westphalia.
I860.]
107
TABLE OP MORTALITY ANI>. BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON.
(Frjinn the Setums issued hy. the Jte^tr^ctr- General,)
DEATHS REGISTERED.
Deaths in Districts, &c., in the Week
BrPEBINTElTDENT
Area
Popula-
ending Saturday^
•
in
tion
BEGIBTBi^BS'
Statute
Acres
in
1851.
DIBTBICTS.
May
Jane
June
June
26.
2,
9,
12,
1860.
1860.
1860.
1860
*.
h
r-
Mean Temperature
59-0
51-3
51-9
l^-^
London
78029
2362236
1087
1004
969
1064
1-6. West Districts .
10786
376427
164
171
177
l&l
7-11. North DistricU .
13533
490396
236
195
177
228;
12-19. Central Distriots
1938.
893256
132
136
184
141
20-25. East Districts .
6230
485522
233
282
222
286
26-36. South Districts .
45542
616635
322
270
259
292'
Deaths Registered.
Births Registered;
Week ending-
20 and
under 40.
•
1^
3 Si
1^
3 u
if
-i
1
•^
Satnrdajf;
5|
60
unde
53
&
1
May 26. .
618
161
175
165
1087
842
838
1680
June 2 .
408-
141
170'
168
82
1004
766
751'
1617
»» " •.
457.
142
176
157
37
969
842
849
1691
„ 16 .
524
171
184
154
29
1064
879
878
1762
PRICE OP CORN.
Average Y Wheat.
Barley.
Oats.
Rye.
Beans.
Peas.
of Six > *. d.
e, d»
«w d.
$, d.
t. d.
«b d.
Weeks, j 58 8
86 1
26 6
37 0'
46 2
40 6
^^^^«J^^^\ 64 11- 1 85 a 1 2611 1 87; 0' 1 44 9 | 40 4.
PRICE OP HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHPIELD, Juke 21.
Hay, 3/. Of. to U, 17«. — Straw, If. 7#. to 11, 14f. — Clo^r, 42. Of. to tl. 18f.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-MARKET.
To sink the Offal— per stone of Slhs.
Beef 8f . 10<2. to 4f. M,
Mutton 4f. lOd, to 5f. lOd,
Veal 4f. lOd, to 6#. 6rf.
Pork 4f. 6rf. to6#. Od,
Lamb 6f. Od,to1s, Od,
Head of Cattle at Market, JuKB 21.
Beasts 960
Sheep and Lambs 11,660
Calves 600
Pigs 210
COAL-MARKET, Jin« 20.
Best WaUsend, per ton, 15«. ^. to 19f . Od, Other sorts, 13f . Zd. to 16f. 6(f.
HBTEOBOLOaiCAL DIAET. bt H. GOULD, Ute W. CABT, IBl, Stbuts.
Ihjm Miy 24 to Jiuu 28, inehtiee.
Th^o«
Pt.pr,
Uarm».
Tl^imoniaer
li
1-9
i
II.
■s^p
If
1
l4
&s
•h
M-O
^B
*s
K
^Z
May
»
-
<i
in.
Jnnp
D
0
fl
in. pt..
!i4
tlfl
an.
Hfi
4
V.!>
tiV
Hit.
V4
Kl
hi
;ldy. Bliowers
Vfi
M,
;^!t
.H4
cldj.hTv.sh™.
«S
r<4
29. 7!
CT
fiS
W
F.1
aw.
74
Jily. bvy. rain
fiB
fifi
M
29. 44
2H
t<l
49
-M
Xf*.
BH
jlj.hy.rahw:
«
fiS
H.'i
Mi
an. w
doudj. fair
n
f;i
4'l
«4
H4
14
Wi
29. 6f
ill
^■^
H7
clondj, fair
l!>
W<
W
za. 65
ivy. rain, bull
fll
JiO
flfi
.1.1
IdH.
(W
1fi
4iM
hi
2H. (W
eldj. shawera
.1.)
M
M
AS
ffll.
411
cly.tr.»]gt.m.
M
4H
fis
r>l
lift, fif
conht.hvj.rain
«
flfl
fi7
KH
W
DOUst.livy.raiE
i9. 7B
tbady, fnir
»
fifi
Ji.!
iW.
.-M
ddy. m. oldy.
1H
!9. 7S
cloudy, raia
)i(1
fi!
w
29. 6S
f-
S4
fift
49
?9
71
do.hvj.rn.hail
a1
fiH
fiH
29. 75
by.m.thi..liKt.
a
do
fiH
sa
nn.
KS
■/K
KO
29. M
'air, cidy, rain
7
m
fio
47
nil.
fir
ieavj rain
a:t
fiO
Hit
filV
89. 87
do,c!y.sl^.m.
tt
U
£il
na.
77
ddy. sbrs. fiut
DAILY PEICE OF BTOCKS.
E)5 1
961 i
9Bt I
Mi 6i
94) 5
94i 5
94} Gl
9S i
Wi 61
94i 6
94j 5
Shut.
S27} 81
2S8}
2271 9
2271 ^
33S1 ao
229 BO
229 SO
239 301
7. 10 pm.
7. 10 pm.
7. 10 pni.
7.10 pm.
8. 12 pm.
par. 6 pm.
2. 7pni.
■ par. 2 pm.
par. 2 pm.
Sliut.
ALFBEO WHITHOBG,
Stock and Share Broker,
222141
222
222 H
ShaL
7.4dis.
s. 3 aiB.
IS, Cluuige Alls;, London, E.C.
RESTORATION OF THt CHAPTER HOUSE WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
AND
HISTORICAL REVIEW.
AUGUST, 1860.
CONTENTS. '
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE. — Soci«t« Fran^aisc d' Arcl)telogie — Netley Abbey— Sir
Thomas Walcot, knt. — Corrigenda ......' HQ
Early Irish History— the O'Briens Ill
Rutland Churches 118
King Waldere's Lay 119
Literature in the Late Cabinet 122
A Fdgrim's Sonnet 129
Wright's Political Poems and Songs 180
Inventory of a Breton Manor-house in the Sixteenth Century 183
Seats or Benches in Churches 184
Hadleigh: The Town ; the Church, &c 135
The Guesten Hall, Worcester 189
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT.— Examination of Chriatophcr Bowman 140
Boman Remains in Kent 141
ANTIQUARIAN AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCER. — Society of AntiquarieB, 142;
British Association— British Archeeolo|;ical Association, 143 ; Ecclesiological Society,
l4o ; Numi.smatic Society, 148 ; Kilkenny and South-East of Inland Archeeological
Society, 149 ; Leicestershire Architectural and Archseological Society, 151 ; Society of
Antinuarics of Scotland, 152 ; Surrey Archeeolof^cal Society, 154 ; Worcester Ar-
ch Eooiogical Club — Discovery of a Boman Villa or Station in the Parish of North
^ WraxhaU, Wilts, 157 ; Miscellanea X59
CORRESPONDENCE OF SYLVANUS URBAN.— Notes of Coronations, 160; Is it right to
speak of ** ArchhiBhop Beck-et** t 163; The Guildhall, Chichester, 165; La Frfitendue
D(5couverte d'un Autel Druidique jgQ
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.— Our English Home, 167 ; Didron's
Annalcs Arcb<^oIogiques, 169; Dr. Acland's Remarks on the Oxford Museum, 170;
Pidgeon*s Historical and Illustrated Handbook of the Town of Shrewsbury — IJewel-
lynn Jewitt's The Reliquary, 171 ; Piccope's Lancashire and Cheshire Wills and
Inventories, 172 ; Whewell's Platonic Dialogues for English Readers, 178 ; T}t-
whitt's Public Worship, 174; Huntley's The Year of the Church^Reminiscences :
by a Clergyman's Wife, 176 ; Tomlinson*s Illustrations of Useful Arts, Manufactures,
and Trades— Timbs's Curiosities of Science, 178 ; Bentham's Handbook of the British
Hora— Johns' Flowers of the Field— Francis' Beach Rambles, 179; Mackie's First
Traces of Life on the Earth— Our Home Defences, 180 ; The Life Boat— Wharton'*
The Queens of Society, 181 ; Ctimins' 1:1 /"tirciV/U-Trevenan Court— Alice of Fobbing,
182 ; Fairton Village— Fulford's Hongs of Life— Blackie's Histories of England and
India— Harry Birkett^-Smith's After many Days— Steyne's Grief. 183
BIRTHS 184
MARRIAGES 186
OBITUARY — Lord Sandys— Lord Elphinstone— General Sir Robert John Harvey, C.B.,
K.T.S., 190 ; John Narrien, Esq., F.R.S., 193 ; John Finlaison, Esq., 194 ; Mr. Joseph
Morris, 195 ; Thomas Bell, Esq.— Horace Hayman Wilson, Esq., 196 ; George Payne
RavnsforJ James, Esq.— Peter John Martin, Esq., 198; BIr. George Roberts— W. B.
Bayley, Esq., 201; W. P. Ormerod, Esq., F.R.C.S.— J. Whichcord, Esq., 203; The
Rev. Badon Powell, M. A., F.R.S., 204 ; Cuthbert Ellison, Esq., of Hebburn, 205 ;
General John Mackenzie, 206 ; Jerome Bonaparte, 207 ; Lieat.-General Sir Joseph
Thackwell, G.C.B. and K.H 208
CLERGY DECEASED 209
DEATHS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 210
Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births hi the Metropolis— Markets, 219 ;
Meteorological Diary— Daily Price of Stocks 220
Bt SYLVANUS UEBAN, Gewt.
112 Early Irish History — the O'Briens. [Aug.
by the Tudors, has its members in the Peerage of the present day — we
mean the O'Briens, princes of Thomond. The author, Mr. O'Donoghue,
a barrister, gives the following account of the origin and the purpose of
his labours : —
" While perusing the productions of the ArchsBological Society, from time to time,
ib occurred to the author, that a connected history of one leading^ family of the Celtic
stock and its fortunes, would better illustrate the condition of the country, and throw
a clearer light on the weak and fitiiil authority pretended to be held by the Norman
colonists of Ireland over its people, down to the commencement of the seventeenth
century, than could be obtained from the disjointed and unconnected pieces of history
published by the Society. Hence has arisen the present work. Among the five bloods
to whom it was the policy of Henry the Second to g^ve permission to avail themselves
of the laws of England in their intercourse with the Norman immigrants, {quinqiie
sanguines qui gaudent lege Anglicand quoad brema portanda,) namely, the Mac-
morroghs, O'Neils, O'Briens, O' Conors, and (VMelaghlins, the O'Briens, from the
prestige and character of their progenitor, the conqueror of Clontarf, held then a
high place, as they now unquestionably do the highest. In the fourteenth century
a chieftain of that stock was chosen to command the Irish troops sent to co-operate
with the forces of the Pale in expelling Edward Bruce from the kingdom ; while at
later periods, in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the services to
the crown of England rendered by the Elarls of Thomond and Inchiquin are too well
known to need more than a passing reference here. Occupying snch a position in the
history of their country, the following work has been undertaken, in accordance with
the views already expressed, to give an account of that race, and the share it was their
fortune to have had in the events of the kingdom to the present tim^."— (Preface,
pp. viii., ix.)
We like the tone of our author's introductory paragraph : —
" It has been the fortune of the race whose story is told in the following pages, to
form an exception to those instances in which families once occupying a regal station
have, after their declension, sunk into obscurity. A reader of Irish history will find
the names of the O'Briens so often mentioned in the pages of its annals, that he
cannot hesitate to conclude, that whether as kings of the whole island, or later, of the
southern half, or again, after the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, ruling their restricted
principality of Thomond with independent authority, as asserted by Sir John Davis
of them and others, the descendants of Brian Boroimhe have written their names in
indelible characters in the history of their country. In no port of the kingdom can so
many memorials of the energy and power of the native princes be found at this day
as in the territory of Thomond, before it was restricted to the present county of
Clare. The erection of the monasteries of Manbter-nenagh, Holycross, the cathedral
of Limerick, the abbey of Ennis, and many others too numerous to mention, devoted
to the promotion of learning and piety, exhibit to the modem traveller proofs of the
genius and vigour of the descendants of Brian. And notwithstanding the various
changes which the stat« of society has for so many ages undergone, and the downfall
of so many of the ancient families of the ooantry, we find the descendants of Brian of
the Tributes still holding their own ; while we may search in vain even among some
of the royal bouses on the continent of Europe for a line of greater antiquity, or one
whose descent is more clearly traced through the historic records of their country,
than that of which this work purports to record the history. To illustrate those pro-
positions is the purpose of these pages, but for a correct treatment of the subject,
a sQcdnct account of the earlier period of the Irish monarchy is necessary." — (pp. 1, 2.)
It is an objection commonly made to histories of Ireland, that their writers
I860.] Early Irish History— the O'Briens. 113
devote much time and space to events as distant and as little certain as the
particulars of the siege of Troy, and beside, that the names of the actors are
unpronounceable by Saxon organs. Mr. 0*Donoghue has not quite removed
the latter objection, though we trust that he will in another edition, but we
must not complain of him on the first head. He quietly drops many cen-
turies, yet considers that for his purpose he has commenced at a sufficiently
early date, and we quite agree with him. His work he divides into two parts,
one, termed Mediaeval, extending from the second to the end of the six-
teenth century, and the other, from the acccession of James I. to the Union.
His starting-point must be allowed to be well " within the limits of au-
thentic Irish history," when we recollect that the " true historical era"
begins, according to Tighernach, b.c. 305, in the time of Ptolemy Lagus.
He, however, does not think that English readers would follow him were
he to *' attempt to penetrate the darkness in which the advent of the sons
of Milesius, Heremon, Heber, and Ir is involved," and so he begins with
the year 166 of the Christian era, his first hero being Con Ceadcatha,
" Con of the Hundred Battles," with whom Saxons have some acquaintance,
thanks to Moore's Melodies ^. Long before that period Ireland had been
divided into at least ^we kingdoms^, but there was always one of the
' " Oh ! look not on our nights,
Con of the hundred fights \"
<* Oar author's spedfication of these kingdoms, though belonging to a later date,
may be useftd : —
" The kings of Munster were called kings of Cashel from residing at that city, just
as the kings of Ireland were styled kings of Tara, a mode of description which con-
tinued in use for upwards of six centuries, even after Tara had been cursed by Rodanus,
Prior of Lorrha, aud in consequence deserted as a residence. This cursing occurred in
554, and since that time the kings of Ireland dwelt at their provincial residences,
though still occasionally styled kiugs of Tara. Thus the monarchs of the northern
Hy-niall race dwelt at Aileach in Inishowen, near Derry, and were indifferently styled
kings of Aileach (or Oileach), or of Tara ; those of the southern Hy-niall dwelt at
Bunnasgiath, on the shore of Lough Ennell, near Mullingar, or at Durrow in the
northern part of the present King's County ; the kings of Connaught at Rathcroghan,
and sometimes at Dunlo, now Ballinasloe, in the county of Roscommon ; those of the
race of Brian Boromha at Kincora, near Killaloe ; and the kings of Leinster down to
the tenth century at Naas, and subsequently at Ferns. See Four Masters, A.D. 554
and note (')."—(??. 454, 465.)
How these kings commenced their reigns, and the inevitable consequences, are that
stated: —
" Mortogh O'Brien, second son of Torlogh, succeeded his father on the throne of
Thomond, and in his pretensions to that of the entire kingdom. The new king, who
had occasionally commanded his father's troops, lost no time in notifying to his neigh-
bours his accession to the rule of his subjects. This was done by marching an army
into the territories of whichever of the surrounding princes was most obnoxious to his
resentment, and ravaging them. In the present instance the men of Leinster and
the Danes of Dublin were attacked and defeated at Rathedair, near Uowth. This
114 Early Irish History — the (yBriens, [Aug.
monarchs who was considered supreme, and who was styled the King of
Ireland, and this coveted pre-eminence kept the land in continual war.
At length the two great competitors. Con, king of Connaught, and Mogha
Nuadhat, king of Munster, came to an agreement, and divided the land
into two empires, as they may be termed. Con, who was a descendant of
Heremon, possessed the north of the island ; Mogha, who sprang from
Heber, ruled the south ; and from them, and this transaction, " Leath-
cuinn'* (Con's half), and " Leathmogha** (Mogha's half), are still the
popular native names of the north and the south of Ireland.
The peace that followed this arrangement lasted but a single year.
Con Ceadcatha killed his fellow-monarch in battle, and was in a position
to exclaim —
** I am monarch of all I survey.
My right there is none to dispute."
Perhaps, however, he found his imperial dignity too much for him, for he
soon gave his daughter Sadhbh (Sabia, or Sarah) in marriage to the son of
Mogha, named OlioU Olum, and allowed him to retain his paternal kingdom
of Munster. The marriage produced several sons, and to the descendants
of two of them, Eoghan and Cormac Cas, OlioU limited the Munster
crown in altema^te succession. From Cormac Cas the O'Briens are de-
scended.
Passing over two centuries, during which the descendants of the
mighty Con reigned supreme, though not without many hard battles
with their fellow kings, and particularly their kindred of Munster, we
come to the death of Eochy Moyveon, in a.d. 365, when the very
pecuHar mode of succession that had hitherto obtained was broken
through, but it was afterwards re-established, and it is justly regarded as
the key to the weak and disorganized state of Ireland, which has brought
BO many evils on the country. It so enfeebled it, that aggression from
abroad was easily practicable, and it made so many divided interests that
any combined action against invaders was altogether impossible. This
question of succession, involving that of tanistry, is thus explained by our
author, and the matter is well deserving of attention, it being not uncom-
monly almost ludicrously misunderstood : —
** The annals of Clonmacnoise at the year 10 41 contain the following entry : —
" * The kings or chief monarchs of Ireland were reputed and reckoned to be absolute
victory was counterbalanced in the next year, 1088, by the invasion of Thomond,"
&c. — (p. 61.)
" Every king after his inauguration was expected to perform the * creacht righi,' or
regal depredation. See Four Masters, year 1265. And for a chieftain's expedition.
Bee one by O'Carroll against his neighbour Mac-Ibrien Ara in 1559 ; also one by Conor,
third earl of Thomond, into the territory of O'Conor Kerry, 1562. The existence of
such practices at bo late a period may shew the render the necessity there was for a
thorough reform in the government of Ireland, the security of life and property being
inconsistent with chieftains' expeditions." — (p. 466.)
I860.] Early Irish History— the O'Briens. 115
xnonarchs of Ireland iu this manner : if he were of Leith Con, or Con's half in deale»
and one province in Leathmogha or Moy's half in deale at his command, he was
coumpted to he of sufficient power to be king of Tara, or Ireland ; but if the party
were of Leathmogha, if he conld not command all Leathmogha and Taragh with the
lordship thereanto belonging, and the province of Ulster or Connanght (if not both),
he would not be thought sufficient to be king of all.'
" Behold in this one paragraph the source of all the civil wars of the native Irish,
and the key to those numerous expeditions undertaken in the lifetime of the reigning
monarch and in times of profound peace, with a view to the succession. See an instance
of the expedition undertaken to secure a throne not then vacant, the circuit of Muir-
certagh mac Neill, prince of Aileach in 939, printed for the Archseol. Soc. 1841. With
such a rule of succession for the monarchs, and the law of tanistry for the inferior
princes, no amount of individual courage or patriotism could have maintained the
independence of Ireland or consolidated its monarchy." — (pp. 463, 464.)
" The nature of the principles on which the ancient Irish monarchy, and the succes-
sion to the throne of the supreme monarch and subordinate princes and chieftains,
were founded, are clearly explained by the learned O'Flaherty, the author of the
Ogygia, in his celebrated work, from which the following passage, translated from the
original Latin, is submitted to the reader : —
" ' In his reflections on the hereditary principle and right of succession observed in
the election of the monarchs of Ireland, Giraldus Cambrensis indulges in observations
not free from the imputation of calumny. From the chief prince to .the lowest order
of dynasts, there was no dominion the rule over which did not appertain to some
certain family from which the monarch, pentarch, or subordinate prince was chosen, who
to hereditary right united the suffrages of the people in virtue of his illustrious deeds.
In the election of the prince, then, two things were to be taken into account, hereditary
right, and the choice of the people. Any male relative of the deceased was capable of
succeeding to the authority established by the founder of whom he might be a de-
scendant, but, by the election, that dignity was limited to the life of the person so
elected. Yet it was not allowable for the electors to choose arbitrarily any one among
the numerous descendants of the founder of the dynasty, their choice being confined to
the uncle, brother, eon, or other near relation of the last possessor of the dignity, ac-
cording to a law universally observed, that the selection should be made of one who
was the eldest and worthiest of the blood of the defunct prince.'
" 'On choosing the prince a successor was at the same time appointed, who, in case of
the decease of the former, should assume the sovereignty. This person might be either
the son, or brother, or some other of the worthier descendants of the family, and wad
styled the Tanist {tainise*)^ a designation adopted from the ring finger, which, as in
* ** The primary meaning and derivation of the term tainise is involved in great
obscurity. The reader will not fail to remark that O'Flaherty does not attempt an
explanation of it, and only cites the authority of Sir John Davis and Sir James Ware.
Skinner suspects the word to be of Irish origin, otherwise, he says, he would suppose
it to come from Thane, Spencer, in his view of the state of Ireland (p. 6), accounting
for the term, has the following remark : ' And so it may well be that from thence
(Dania) the first original of this word, tanist, and tanistry, came, and the custom
thereof hath sithence, as many others else, been continued.' It seems to corroborate
this view, that after a careful examination of the Irish text of the Four Masters, the
writer of this note has found no trace of the word until the year 846, when it is
applied to Tomhrar, ' the tanist of the king of Lochlann,' who, with 1,200 of the
Danes, was killed at the battle of Skiath Nechtain in that year. Some scholars con-
sider it cognate with the Persian * tan,' a country — as it were, the defender of the
territory."
116 Early Irish History — the O'Briens. [Aug.
length and position it was next to the middle, so the tanist was next to the prince in
position and antiiority. And from this circnmstance Davis and Ware derive the origin
of the law of t tnistry. Each of the remaining members of the family was styled Righ-
damna, that is, the material of a king, or one who was capable of being selected to
exercise the fnnctions of royalty. In the case of an alumnus of a liberal science or
mechanical art, he was only styled adhar, which also implies material — namely,
one who was capable of being bred up or trained to such and such a pursuit.'" —
(pp. ix. — xii.)
Eochy Moyveon, to whom it is time to return, was, it seems, a
polygamist. One of his wives was the fair-tressed Mongfinn, the sister
of Crimhthan, king of Munster ; the other, " a dark ladye,*' Carinna,
" daughter of the king of Britain." All his children were young when he
died, and in consequence, their uncle Crimhthan reigned in their stead.
Mongfinn hore this for thirteen years, until her eldest son Brian had become
a man, when she resolved to place him on the throne, coute qui coute,
Crimhthan was not likely to resign the crown even to please his sister, and
therefore the fair lady poisoned him. To disarm suspicion, she drank of the
cup before handing it to him, and both died very shortly after — the place
of Crimh thanks death was a mountain in Clare, still known as the Mountain
of the Death of the King. The crime, however, failed in its object, for the
people chose as their ruler the son of Carinna. He is renowned in history
as Niall of the Nine Hostages (implying that so many states beside his
own were dependent on him), and he founded the dynasty of the Hy- Niall,
which for six centuries held the supreme rule in Ireland, until overthrown
by the most famous of all the O'Briens, Brian, the son of Cineidi, known
even to English historians as Brian Boru.
Of Niall and his immediate successor we have a brief account, which we
prefer giving in our author's own words : —
" Niall of the Nine Hostages having been chosen to fill the throne of Ireland, not-
withstanding the criminal efibrts of Mongfinn, her favourite son, Brian, was obliged to
content himself with the provincial crown of Connaught. The military reputation
of Niall, the early dawn of which, it is not unreasonable to presume, contributed
materially to his election to the sovereignty, may be inferred from the allusions of
the Roman poet Claudian, describing the incursions of the Soots into Britain in the
folio iving terms : —
' totam cum Scotus lemen
Movit et infesto spumavit remige Tethys ;*
which can he attributed to no other Sootic prince than Niall, even if the term ' lemen'
were wanting. The annalists assign to this monarch a long and prosperous reign of
twenty-seven years, and by stating that he was, slain by Eochaidh, son of Enna Cein-
sellach, a.d. 405, at Muir-n-Icht (the Iccian sea), between France and England, they
prove the extent to which the progress of his arms had been carried
" Niall of the Nine Hostages was succeeded by his nephew Dathi, son of Fiachra
(ancestor of the Hy-Fiachra), king of Connaught, who was the last of the Pagan
monarchs of Ireland, and who, after a reign of twenty-three years, was killed by
a flash of lightning at the foot of the Alps. His remains were brought home to
Ireland by his faithful followers, and were deposited, according to Mac Firbis, in
Bathcroghan, the burial-place of the kings of Connaught, where his grave was marked
I860.] Early Irish History —the O'Briens. 117
by a red pillar stone. His death is fixed at the year of our Lord 428 by the Four
Masters." — (pp, 7, 8.)
Forty-two kings of this race ruled in succession, and were regarded as
the supreme monarchs of Ireland. Only one intruder on the regal line
appears in the course of the whole six centuries, but these sovereigns had
at all times stubborn opponents in the kings of Munster, particularly when
these last came to be taken exclusively from the O'Briens, the princes of
Thomond. Thomond is a district which is roughly represented by the
modern county of Clare ; its inhabitants were called the Dal-gais, and a
succession of enterprising' princes had by the middle of the tenth century
rendered them masters of the rest of Munster. Cormac MacCuillenan, the
bishop-king of Cashel, was succeeded by Lorcan, of Thomond, who was
the father of Cineidi, as Cineidi was of Brian Borhaime.
This renowned warrior was, Mr. O'Donoghue maintains, bom about the
year 941, and not in 926, as is usually said. In 976 he succeeded to the
throne of Thomond, and speedily exacted vengeance on the Irish prince of
Limerick and his Danish allies for the treacherous murder of his brother
Mahon. The Danes were now in great force in Munster, and Brian went
resolutely to work to subdue them. He was so successful, that he aroused
the jealousy of the then supreme monarch, Maelseachlain ^, King of Meath,
who invaded and ravaged Thomond, and made the quarrel a mortal one
by cutting down the spreading tree at Magh-adair, under which the Tho-
mond piinces were crowned, and where they sat to judge the people.
Brian soon broke into Meath, and in revenge burnt the royal residence.
These matters were wrathfully remembered by both, but the increasing
strength of the Ostman kings induced them for a while to suspend their
private quarrel, and unite against the common enemy. They had great
success, and laid the " armed foreigners" under tribute, and when this was
accomplished, Brian and Maelseachlain went to war again. The contest
endured for some years, but at last, in 1002, Brian compelled Maelseachlain
to surrender the coveted supremacy, " but,*' says our author, '* allowed him
' A few liaes of explanation on this and other names we borrow ftora Mr. O'Don-
ogbue's notes : —
" The word ' mael,' ' maol,' or ' moel,' implies a chief, or a tonsured monk. Prefixed
to a name of a person or stunt, it implies the servant of, as Maelisa, servant of Jesus.
Maelmoire, servant of Mary ; Maelcolm, servant of Columkille ; Maelseachlain, ser-
vant of Seachnall or Secundinos; Maelbrighde, servant of Bridget, are a few among
nmnerons instances. When prefixed to a quality, it has the signification of chief, as
Maeldubb, black chief, Maelgarbh, rough chief, and so on.
" Qiolla is another term having two significations, youth and servant. Prefixed to
the name of a saint or person, it has the latter meaning ; to a term signifying a quality,
it means a youth. Thus Qiolla-Fhadraig, Patrick's servant, GioUamocbuda (whence
MacGiUicuddy), Mochuda's servant, &c. But Gilla-dubh b black youth, Gillaruadh,
red, redbaired youth, and so forth. See notes (^) 0 to Four Masters at year 1172."
—(p. 466.)
118 Early Irish History — Vie O'Briens, [Aug.
to retain, as matter of course, his hereditary kingdom of Meath." So it
seems that the ancient Irish, of whose barbarism we hear so much, had
an abiding sense of the point of honour, and, unUke the much -praised
Normans, they did not inflict confiscation on the vanquished.
Want of space compels us to defer the remainder of our notice, but we
trust that we have already said enough to induce most of our readers to
turn to the " Historical Memoir of the O'Briens" for themselves.
RUTLAND CHITRCHES.
We have always much pleasure in seconding the efforts of local inves-
tigators of history and antiquities, being convinced that their well-applied
diligence often affords most important aid to the writer of greater preten-
sions. We have lately noticed in the " Stamford Mercury" the commence-
ment of a series of papers on the churches and parishes of Rutland, a dis-
trict of at least average interest, but which has been little noticed in com-
parison with some others. They are, we understand, the result of personal
investigation by Mr. Thomas Paradise, a gentleman connected with the
" Mercury," and we are bound to say that they are very creditable results
of the brief leisure time which falls to him between successive publications.
The first of the series appeared on June 1, and gave a well-written account
of the church and parish of Stoke Dry, which, as our readers will remem-
ber, has handsome monuments of the Digbys, and some remains of their
manor-house. We have since seen the notices of Seaton, Manton, Rid-
lington, Preston and Wardley. The whole county is to be visited, and
as there are but about fifty parishes, we may expect the series to be com-
pleted in a year or so, and if carried out as it has been begun, it will really
be very well worth reproducing in some more convenient form, with a few
alterations, such as everything written for a newspaper, and then published
as a book, is found to need ; the celebrated letters from " Our Own Cor-
respondent," in the Crimea, or India, or China, being no exception.
I860.] 119
KLNQ WALDERES LAY*.
Ik April last we announced the discovery of some fragments of an Old*
English epic, and their intended publication under the care of Professor
Stephens. The handsomely printed and well-illustrated brochure is now
before as, and it is deserving of the attention of others beside professed
antiquaries. We quite coincide with the editor as to the value of the frag-
ments, and his plain speaking on the subject is a pleasant contrast to the
fulsome encomiums so often bestowed on the " Literature for the Million,"
and its authors. He commends this old Lay to all who wish to see our
noble mother tongue rescued from the hands of those who would banish
each "invaluable word, or phrase, or idiom, racy and robust, v fresh and
full -breasted, merry and melodious, simple and antique,'* merely because
*' it has fallen away from the humble store of the half-educated mob, or
of the listless ' popular reader,' or of the circulating-library-fed lounger,
or of the silly sempstress, and that motley tribe who daily defile the
Queen's English with a flood of slang. Truly, the age of Queen Anne,
worshipped by these people if they worship anything, was but of beggarly
brass, at best French-gilt. If we must have a ' standard,' let us stick to
the mighty men and golden age of Queen Bess !*'
Thus vigorously does our friend the Professor assail the bulk of modern
writers and readers, expecting, as he says, that not one in twenty will
agree with him. But nothing daunted by this, he has bestowed a world
of care on his four precious pages; has given, not only a prose trans-
lation of the fragments, but also an *' English stave-rhyme version," which
is "an attempt to reflect, and echo, and imita'e the venerable lay." He
holds, as is manifestly true, that England has possessed Eddie lays as well
as Scandinavia, and he indulges in the hope that some of them will
eventually come to light ; but he maintains that if we do recover them,
we must set about their "restoration" in the way indicated by this "stave-
rhyme version." " Mere words," he says, " are not sufficient. We must
boldly meet the difficulty another way. When we cannot verbally trans-
late, we must reflect, and echo, and imitate in the metre and spirit of the
original. Else it has no chance. The poet and the linguist must work
hand in hand. I am quite aware that I am speaking as a heretic. Not
• "Two Leaves of King Waldere's Lay; from the Originals in the Great National
Library, Cheapingbaven, Denmark. Now first published, with Translation, Comments,
Word-Roll, and four Phatograpbic Facsimiles. By George Stephens, Esq., Professor
of Old-Eoglish in the University of Cheapingbaven." (London : Jobn Russell Smith.)
GwTT. Mag. Vol. CCIX. p 2
120 King Waldere's Lay. [Aug.
one in twenty of my readers will agree with me ; but I fancy it is because
this whole field of literature [Northern verse] is almost uncultivated
among us. It must be studied and loved, in order to be appreciated. At
all events, I may be allowed to give my opinion, the fruit of long experi-
ence and many efforts."
The variety of curious matter contained in Professor Stephens' publi-
cation, and expressed in a vigorous style which has much of the spirit of
the old Norseman about it**, can only be properly estimated by a thorough
perusal^, and this we hope it will obtain in quite sufficient extent to reim-
burse him for his labour, for he announces himself as " a poor scholar.''
It is possible, nay probable, that some of his " Comments" may be dis-
puted, but we think he will not care for that if a knowledge of his subject
is thereby advanced. He evidently loves his theme, and he writes in a
frank, hearty tone, which can hardly fail to carry his readers along with
him. We gave last April twelve lines of the original. We now reprint
them, accompanied by the stave-rhyme version, and supplemented by the
prose translation. A comparison of these will enable our readers to form
their own opinion as to the success of the Professor's efforts, and whether
he needs the indulgence that he pleads for, on the ground of haste, and
the '* weaknesses of a first attempt."
* We may mention particularly pp. xii. and xiil. of the " Fore- Word," where he
indignantly asks whether the Northmen were really "saTSges" and "Barbarians,"
"merely because they had not gone to a Sunday school, or been cowed or crammed to
meet some Mandarin Examination Board," and eulog'zes "that 'Nation of Shop-
keepers' which works hard and pays its debts, and prefers Right and Freedom to
' Glory,' Faith to pantheistic fantasy." Oor readers will remember his spirited verses,
" Rifles to the Van !*' which appeared in our pages yery early in the Volunteer move-
ment, when friends were not so plentiAil as at present. Gent. Mao. Feb. 1860,
p. 158.
c One section, which treats of " Old-English documents which have been found in
the Scandinavian North," describes four such documents, of which this Lay of King
Waldere is one. The others are, a deed of g^ft and a prayer, and a homiletic fragment.
The deed of gift and the prayer are both found in a noble folio. Liber purpureus,
or Codex aureus, " the oldest, most splendid, and most precious codex preserved in the
National Library, Stockholm ;" it is an Evangeliomm, in Latin^ " apparently of Italian
workmanship, and executed not later than the sixth century, or possibly the beginning
of the seventh." It appears to have been purchased from a band of vikings, by Alfred
the Aldorman (who is identified with Alfred, ealdorman of Surrey, in Kemble, Codex
Diplam., vol. ii. p. 120), and presented by him to Christ Church, Canterbury; it
would seem to have been stripped of its costly cover by the vikings, and provided with
another by the monks, and their workmen have inscribed on its first leaf a request for
the prayers of their brethren. " But greedy men tore away this second binding also,
and the present one is modern, apparently of the seventeenth century." The homiletic
fragment fills up a vacant space in a tenth century collection of homilies, treatises,
forms of ecclesiastical certificates and passports, preserved in the National Library,
Cheapioghaven. The Lay of King Waldere is of course described in ftill detail.
I860.]
Kinff fTaldere's Lay.
121
Text.
" Walders malSelode,
wig^ ellen-rof,
hsefde him on handa
hilde-frore,
gu'S-billa gripe,
gyddode wordunt : —
' Hwset ! "Su huru wendest,
wine BuBOBiTDA,
^at me Ha gen an hand
hilde gefremede,
and getwsBmde fe'Se
wigges feta !'
ft
Stave-ehtme Version.
" Waldebe answered,
war-man glorious ;
holding in his hand
Hilde's ice-spike,
of gore'blades the grype ;
the gallant chief said : —
' Lo ! didst look now,
Lord of the Bubgundrbs,
that the hand of Hagena
should help me in combat,
stay the swift footsteps
of truculent Strife?'"
80
84
88
Pbosi Translation.
'* Waldebe mell'd (spake),
that-warrior strength-fam'd,
had to-him in his-hand
Hilde's (Bellona's) icide,
of-battle-bills the-grype (vulture) ;
utter'd in words : —
< What ! (Lo !) Thou scarcely didst- ween (think),
0-friend (prince) of-the-Burgundians»
that me Hagena'b hand
in-war should-have-helpt,
and should-have-cut-off the-path
from-Strife'sfoot!"'
80
84
88
It will be observed that we have made no attempt to offer any probable
sketch of the story of King Waldere's Lay, and that for the very sufficient
reason which has deterred Professor Stephens — we have only about one
hundred lines of a poem, which from its epical breadth of treatment he
conceives must have been on an extensive scale; some 6,000 or 8,000
lines. All that he can say is, that it belongs to the same class as the
champion tales which form the Theodrics or Vilkina Saga, *' a Northern
Thoosand-and-One-Nights, a delightful Romance-book from the thirteenth
century, unfortunately not yet translated into English, but well known to
our Scandinavian scholars ;" a description that makes us wish that he, or
tome one else as competent, would give us a specimen.
Gbht. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
122 [Aug.
LITEEATURE IN THE LATE CABINET.
The Gentlehan's Magazine began the year with a cursory view
of the litei-ary productions of the then existing Cabinet Ministers, and in
the ** Minor Correspondence** of the following month of February added
a few particulars to the list. But even then we had neglected an author,
no less than a duke, and, before we enter upon our second essay, beg
to apologize to his Grace of Argyll for the omission of his name and
works, certainly not kept under the Privy Seal, but bravely given to
the Post Office and the public. As yet Marquis of Lorn, and aged
nineteen, the polemical traits of his ancestry were revealed as his in-
heritance, by a "Letter to the Peers from a Peer's Son," in which he
espoused the cause of the partisans of the Free Church on the question
then (1843-4) in the glowing red heat of clerical controversy; and in
1848 published his more elaborate "Presbytery Examined," wherein,
together with a survey of the Ecclesiastical history of the country, he
upheld the system against all prelacy, and adhered to John Knox and his
traditions with a thorough Campbell devotedness. His Grace is also well
known as an ardent geologist, and, generally speaking, friendly towards
literature and science.
Having thus cleared our way retrospectively to the preceding, or Derby
Cabinet, we find that we can neither place the noble Earl nor his Lord
High Chancellor equally at the top of the literary list as contributors to
the press. Eminent in politics and legislation, a great statesman, and a
great lawyer, neither has sought the rank of author. Lord Chelmsford
appears in no catalogue of books. The Earl of Derby, however, cannot
be disowned among the most memorable men of our epoch for wielding
the English language with its utmost purity, force, and beauty. He is
a very elegant classical scholar, and bis Latin composition is said to be ex-
cellent. Indeed, the Latin of his inaugural speech as Chancellor of Oxford,
where he had earned honours and carried off prizes in his youth, was
greatly admired by the best judges; and if we remember aright, the
"Quarterly Review" mentions with high commendation a translation by
his Lordship of the Ode of Horace, the dialogue between the Poet and
Lydia. But his more popular estimate arises from bis senatorial efforts.
Taken in the two points of view, as a most eloquent orator and powerful de-
bater, many of his speeches range in the front rank of our noblest specimens
of parliamentary vigour and elocution. He is indeed a dangerous anta-
gonist, setting his arguments in effective diction, adorning them with happy
illustrations, and (when provoked) leai^ening them with lofty and biting sar-
casm, which it is no easy matter to bear with philosophic equanimity. Of
his published speeches, that in favour of the first Reform Bill in 1831, that
I860.] Literature in the late Cabinet. 123
on establishing National Education in Ireland, and that as Lord Rector of
the University of Glasgow (1848), may be referred to as fine examples of
political energy, beneficent legislation, and literary accomplishment. . The
tradition of the Eagle and Child (the Stanley crest) is no bad emblem of the
Earl ; for he soars high in public life, and in private displays all the un-
afifected playfulness of the child. It has been stated as a curious fact in
natural history that the last eagle known to have built its nest in England,
built it in the neighbourhood of, if not upon, the Derby ancestral domain
of Knowsley.
The Earl of Malmesbury inherits a literary name of modern note ; for
vre will not venture to assert its transmission in the line of William, who
wrote the history of his Times eight hundred years ago. But the de-
scendant of the author of *' Hermes*' possesses a just title, and it has been
confirmed by his own filial contribution to the history of our times, " The
Diaries and Correspondence of his grandfather the first Earl," published in
1844. The editorship of this work is admirable. There is no parade, no
sacrifice of eulogy to natural affections, strict impartiality in the statements,
and a moderate tone throughout aU, which cannot be too much commended.
It is a model for similar publications, for readers may be assured that
whilst there is no class of publication so valuable and important towards
historical truth as the private and confidential correspondence of those
who perform great parts in the transactions recorded, so there can be no*
thing more poisonous and injurious than " cooked accounts*' and one-
sided partizanship, whether contrived to promote the interests of faction, or,
more innocently addressed, to magnify, con amore, the character of the
individual theme which has inspired the design. As they are before us,
these volumes throw a lucid light upon the politics of a period of un-
exampled intricacy and peril, when the task of the diplomatist was indeed
an arduous one, and England was seen, as negotiations or the tide of battle
turned, allied with struggl'iig empires, or in arms against the entire com-
pelling world. Lord Malmesbury is also author of a publication on the
Ghune Laws, 1848, and the "Official Correspondence of J. Howard on the
Italian Question," 1859.
Our next Secretary of State, Sir E. Bulwer Lytton, pertains pre-
eminently to the Guild of Literature, and ofifers a subject so various and so
comprehensive, that we lay down our pen in absolute despair of doing any-
thing adequate for it within the limits of a volume, and still more desperate,
a magazine 'article.' It may almost literally be said of him that he
" lisped in numbers ;" and at a very early age got out of the lisp to' sing
and speak in very significant language. The Chancellor's prize on " Sculp-
ture" cherished his poetic aspirations at Cambridge, and from that day to
this, a space of some five-and-thirty years, his prolific genius has poured
forth composidona of extraordinary diversity, yet to all of which the lofty
Cbldsmith tribute can be justly assigned, nullum quod non omamt tetigit :
124 literature in the laie Cabinet. [^^g*
political pamphlets of great ' popularity and influence, poetry, from the
higher order of versification, and pictures of life and men, to epic grandeur,
the drama, hoth sock and huskin, the acute ohservation and discussion of
nationalities, and fiction in every successful form of graphic society, de«
scriptive charm, pathetic incident, deep philosophy, and admirable con-
struction. This is high eulogy, but could be sufficiently borne out by
reference and quotation ; only the whole superstructure is so vast and so
immediate to the eye, that it is impossible to discriminate even its principal
features, and future critics must examine the splendid composite at a fitter
distance and in detail, to reveal its innumerable beauties, and establish its
full right to universal admiration. Sir Edward, we believe, first appeared
in type with a small volume of poems entitled ** Weeds and Wildflowers,"
followed by an Irish tale. '' Falkland,*' his earliest novel, was published
anonymously when he was about twenty-two years of age ; and " Pelham*'
came out with his name the year after. He had now openly entered the
lists, and speedily found it was not for a tournament. In our country alone,
of all the civilized world, — and we do not offer the remark at random, with-
out directing attention to the press throughout Europe, — in our country
alone it has become the common and prevalent practice to handle aspirants
to literary reputation as if they had committed some criminal offence. No-
where else is this done ; neither in France, nor Germany, nor Austria, nor
Prussia, nor Italy, nor Russia, Sweden, Denmark, nor Spain, can you find
an instance of a young writer being assailed with contempt or obloquy for
the mere effort at 'ventilating' his talent — in short, presuming to rush into
print ! It resembles the happily exploded method of treating the insane.
The moment the literary symptoms aie evident, manacles, whips, chains,
and the lowest diet evince the skill of the periodical doctors, and many
a poor patient, who might have been cherished by soothing into health and
strength, perishes in their hands.
Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton possessed, fortunately, more stamina than to be so
readily felled to the earth ; yet never was any writer more bitterly and per-
severingly persecuted. That abuse he has surmounted and can now laugh
to scorn ; but several of his writings shew how vexatiously it affected him at
the earlier time. True talent is always sensitive, and but too often deficient
in resolution to pass unscathed through such ordeal as malice or envy or
the sheer pursuit of profit concoct to welcome an author and encourager les
autres, Bulwer held on his course with unswerving ingratitude towards
his censors. " The Disowned," ** Devereux," and " Paul Clifford" followed
in rapid succession ; and " Eugene Aram*' demonstrated (as the same
tragic story does in Hood*s touching poem) that even where the circum-
stances and catastrophe are foreknown, the finest chords of the human heart
may be made to yield a sad and stirring strain of nature-music under the
Jiands of gifted enchanters. '* England and the English," an able and dis-
criminating essay on national characteristics, appeared in 1833; and ''The
(C
I860.] Literature in the late Cabinet. 125
Student/' from contributions to the " New Monthly Magazine," (of which
the author was for a short season editor,) led the way to an entirely new
variety, the ronnance of the *' Last Days of Pompeii /' and then came
Bienzi," and " Ernest Maltravers," and " Alice," and •* Athens," and
Leila," and " Calderon,*' and " Night and Morning," and " Day and
Night," all in about four years, '* O' day and night, but this (fertility
and excellence) is wondrous strange." And like increase of appetite, in-
crease of power did seem to grow on what it produced, and fed on '' The
Last of the Barons," "Zanoni," "Harold," and "Lucretia," which last once
more let loose the malignity that had been repressed by general applause
and gagged by triumphant popularity, and now i-ailed in vain. Perhaps,
however, we may be partly indebted to it for the change which apparently
came upon the spirit of the writer's dream, and restored him to a species
of fiction, which he had only partially visited in " Pelham" and ** Paul
Clifford," the domestic novel. Hence " The Caxtohs," " My Novel," and
*' What will He do with It?" a series so different from all that have gone
before, that it seems to be the emanation of another mind. Here the phi-
losophical, the classic, the historical, the romantic, the satirical, the poetic
are all set aside, and the reader walks into social life (heightened by some
exceptional characters) as if he were at home receiving, or abroad mixing
with, acquaintances and friends. It is almost tedious to swell this cata-
logue, but in sketching the literature of the Cabinet we ought not to omit
the contributions of its most voluminous and celebrated member, though
debarred from comment by their diversity and extent. '* The Siamese
Twins," " Eva," " The New Timon," " King Arthur," and, more recently,
the M.P. portraiture in " Saint Stephen's," bear witness to his poetic fruit-
fulness and talent, while the ** Duchess de la Valli^re," ** the Lady of
Lyons," '* Richelieu," " Money," and " Not so Bad as We Seem," written
for the amateur performers in aid of the Guild of Literature, proclaim
one of the most successful dramatists of the age. Speeches in Parliament,
(pre-eminently his late speech on the Reform Bill, profound, comprehensive,
and constitutional,) and orations at Edinburgh and Glasgow, where honours
have been paid to his genius, also range Sir Edward in the foremost rank
of that line; and assuredly in the dual combination of statesman and
author, he is himself alone.
Of the third Secretary, Mr. Walpole, we have little of a literary nature
to notice. Straightforward, able debating has led to the publication of
several of his more important addresses, and " Exclusion no Intolerance,"
1 856, is as perfect a specimen of his masculine sense and legal acuteness
as could be adduced for public estimation. He is, however, well known to
be, like Lord Derby, an elegant classical scholar.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli, is a star of
other magnitude : a star — ^we mikht say a comet, for he is an extraor-
dinary phenomenon-^without a parallel in English history. Free and open
126 Literature in the late Cabinet. [Aug.
to all as is the path to the highest distinctions, the Church and the Bar
have BO monopolised the ascent that the rule is almost proved by the ex-
ceptions, and these chiefly in the military and naval professions. Liberal
as we are, or profess to be, the parvenu has a bad chance in all ; and in
politics, where there are very few gradations to elevate him by degrees,
the attainment of exalted position is little short of a miracle. When
despotic kings could lift favourites from the lowest grades, it was alto-
gether different, a breath could make and unmake them ; but where the
ambitious contest is carried on in the grand public arena, he who carries
off the prize must be a wonderful being. The brilliant Sheridan, associate
of princes and the proud Whig aristocracy, who regarded him with sus-
picion, unfortunately lapsed into the dissoluteness which deformed social
life at that period, and .never reached above half-way up the ladder.
Canning, with greater advantages in the start, and higher conduct in
the race, did mount to the summit ; but he, too, was the victim of that
jealousy and dislike which is sure to fall upon every one who emerges
so powerfully from an inferior rank, and died of a crushed and broken
spirit, unable to bear the wrongs which assailed a man of the middle class,
self-elevated above the loftiest heads of those who feared and hated, and
pretended to scorn him. They like tools, and may endure a certain de-
gree of equality in a union of pursuit, but detest rivals, and cannot
brook superiors. Mr. Gladstone's time of trial appears to be *' looming in
the future." The glittering spear and Damascus blade were Canning*8
armour, and are also weapons which Disraeli knows well how to wield, and
by which he has won his way against the ponderous battle-axes and two-
handed swords of the scowling feudal phalanx. We must observe, that
since the full reports of parliamentary proceedings have been dissemi-
nated throughout the country, the influence of oratory and ready resources
in argument have become paramount means for the acquisition of political
station : more so, indeed, than is due to their real value. Yet the glory
and opprobrium of the House of Commons are manifested in its speeches
and discussions. Setting aside the unavoidable waste of time by common-
place members spouting platitudes for Bunkum, there is always a sufiicient
display of intellect and talent to thrash and winnow the grain out of every
gamer for the public use. Some men seem bom for that theatre. Peel
and Disraeli are examples. For the former the House was, for the latter
it is, atmosphere and life. Its cares, its nice management, its ceaseless
and absorbing drain upon the mind, the perils of its failures and the weight
of its responsibilities, are overwhelming ; and we must believe that the man
devoted to this dazzling drudgery can have little appetite and less time to
spare for any other duties, however onerous, or enjoyments, however seduo*
tive. A leader of the House of Commons needs no other task, can take
no other pleasure. But before the late Chancellor of the Exchequer had
his literary predilections shaped in this school,— 'Wben he began his startling
I860.] ' Literature in the late Cabinet, 127
forensic career, as it were with a Jewish razor lacerating a cotton-bag, —
he had stirred the world with numerous popular productions of the more
ordinary literary character. Like all youths of spirit or genius (not swayed
by some inherited motive of an opposite kind), he set out as a Quixotic righter
of wrongs and redresser of grievances, fiulwer was an ardent reformer ;
Lord John penned the romantic " Nun of Avouca." It is only experience
that can teach us that the marvellous light a-head which bewilders us on
entering the arena, may be somewhat phantasmagorial, and that real utility
and the welfare and happiness of mankind may lie in a region between us
and that ignis fatuus of our young presumptuous ideas and baseless aspira-
tions. In such radical humour, when kings were all tyrants, and priests
hypocrites, and Napoleon was remembered as having generously given unity
and freedom (with an Iron Crown !) to Italy, Disraeli, 1834, then about thirty
years of age, published first one book, and then other two, of his " Revolu-
tionary Epick/' which thoroughly warranted its title. Even Savage Lan-
dor, when he advertised his graduated scale of rewards for imperial, royal,
and other crowned head assassinations, was but a parodist of the poem in
which one of the interlocutors, the Liberal professor of liberty and equality,
sang,—
" And blessed be the hand that dares to wave
The regicidal steel that shall redeem
A nation's sorrow with a tyrant's blood ! *'
It 18 a mercy that as we age (not being all Sav-ages) we cool down, and
learn that it may be wiser and better to submit to authority, and calmly
and steadily endeavour to improve what is amiss in government, than to
tdce to knives and daggers and embrue our hands in murder ! Eight or
ten years earlier, however, the author had tried his force as one of the
writers in the " Representative," — ^a Tory morning paper, on which John
Murray threw away some £20,000 in a very short space, — and had, in the
interim, launched " The Psychological Romance,*' and a series of works of
fiction which attracted extensive notoriety, and excited great resentments.
A secret principle derived from his Hebrew ancestry, and a fervid imagin-
ation of almost ** Monte Christo" intensity, animated his earlier novels, and
imparted to them a sort of mysterious charm. Their variety of design and
inequality of execution, all however possessing striking proofs of original
conceptions and peculiar developments, insured an immense circulation ;
and "Vivian Grey," 1826, and Key, 1827, "Henrietta Temple," 1827,
"Voyage of Captain PopaniUa," 1828, '* The Young Duke," 1831, " Con-
tarini Fleming," 1832, "Wondrous Tale of Alroy," 1833, if they came
'^like shadows," did not '*so depart." It may be remarked as a
very extraordinary circumstance, but completely established by a compre-
hensive analysis of these productions, that they impersonate the writer as
distinctly as ever Byron was identified with his characters, and exhibit
that fixed purpose and self-reliance for its successful development which
128 Literature in the late Cabinet. ['^ug.
launched him on his fearfully arduous career, and has raised him to the
lofty position his talents have achieved. When we ask what has he-
come of all the novels — the multitude — published within the last five and
twenty years, we find that some of these still exist and continue to be
read, whereas the million are gone, no one can tell where, quite lost to
sight and not to memory dear. Travels in the East, whence he re-
turned in 1831, no doubt gave a tone to several of Mr. Disraeli's
productions; but when keenly embarked in politics, a change ensued,
and "Coningsby," and " Anti-Coningsby," 1844, "Sybil," 1845, and
"Tancred," 1847, ran in an entirely new course. One cannot bestow the
highest praise upon these instruments of party warfare. Their sarcasm
and exposure of the imbecilities and "insolence of office, which patient
merit must from the unworthy take," are racy and effective against ac-
knowledged evils; and the single word ''Tapists" is a verbal immortality,
like Dickens' way " not to do it" of the " Circumlocution Office." But
personality is beneath the dignity of literature, and whoever condescends
to the employment of that caricaturist means of offence, errs in the pro-
vocation of hostilities unworthy of gentlemanly contest. The Biography
of Lord G. Bentinck is a friendly and able offering to departed English
manliness, energy, and patriotic purpose ; and the editing of the interest-
ing works of his father, Mr. Isaac Disraeli, a performance of filial reverence
and affection which does honour to both *.
If we have remarked more upon political and parliamentary effects than
appears to belong to a sketch of this nature, it is because they have been
so far inseparably connected with the literary division of our subject. We
proceed now to other personages, where there are no comparisons in regard
to authorship, or no authorship of any description. Of the Marquis of
Salisbury we have no trace in the publishing world ; of Sir John Paking-
ton nothing beyond magisterial issues and able speeches in the House.
Mr. Estcourt, the double of Mr. Walpole, is equally unknown ; and
Mr. Henley, richly informed in an extensive range of literature, and Lord
Stanley, in the same relative position, have given us, the first a very able
speech on moving the Education Bill, 1855, and the last, several addresses
in favour of opening the British Museum on the afternoons of Sunday, at
the Association for Promoting Social Science, and on the public health, &c.,
all displaying distinctly great statistical attainments and liberal and very
comprehensive views. Of Lord Hardwicke we have no record apart from
his practical knowledge of nautical afifairs, and his advocacy for the welfare
of our sailors, in debate ; and General Peel stands in the same relation to
the military service and soldiers ; and with Lord John Manners, therefore,
with this desultory mention of them, we must conclude our notice. His
* Besides these we can only remember the political Letter, a severe attadc on Peel,
1846, and a pamphlet on the Italian Question, 1848.
2
I860.] Literature in the late Cabinet, 129
Lordship appeared as a graceful poet nearly twenty years ago, in a small
volume, 1841, which procured for him the title of Poet of Young Eng-
land, and has since combined the cultivation of his inherent literary
tastes with official and legislative training in statesmanship, — a capa-
bility not to be acquired per saltum, nor without great devotedness and
deep study. The Duke of Rutland published "Travels in Great Britain" in
1805; Lord John Manners "Notes of an Irish Tour** in 1849, as well as
"Sketches and Notes of a Cruise in the Scotch Waters'* the preceding year,
with nice illustrations by the veteran Schetky. A volume of *' English
Ballads, and other Poems," came from the press in 1850, and speeches at
Athenaeums and lectures at Institutes are the fruits of the politico-poetic
union to which we have referred as a source of many of the compositions
indicated in this paper.
Upon the whole, it is gratifying to witness men who, in their youth,
have cultivated Letters, and thus exercised the faculties with which they
are blessed, — it matters little in what way, even if heterogeneous, so that
the understanding be enlarged, — climbing to the highest places of trust and
honour, by perhaps a track widely different from that which seemed the
promise of their earlier years. People are at last forced to acknowledge,
though indeed they do it grudgingly, that a poet may become a great
Prime or other Minister, and a novelist an admirable financier, a sage
counsellor, or a safe director of national destinies. Learn something, learn
as much as you can, inertness is a worthless blank ; and like even the
smallest bits of articles in housekeeping which are put by where they
may be found, the time is sure to come when they may be wanted, and will
be of infinite utility. Verb, sat.
A PILGRIM'S SONNET.
Up ! Up ! The dawn our slumbering valley fills ;
We have no call to linger here. Away !
That we may be well sped ere fiery day
Glare on our stony path. A thousand ills
May be well-shunn'd, if now, with earnest wills,
And limbs all fresh for toil, our pilgrim band
Urge on their march through this wild thirsty land,
And gain, ere noontide, yonder distant hills.
What though our path be rugged, it will He
*Mid shadowing rocks and ever-gushing springs ;
And as we upwards toil, our gladdening eye
Will catch the hues and forms of fairer things ;
And ere the night fall, we shall mark the road
That leads us to our Pather's lov'd abode.
X.
Gktt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
130 [Aug.
WRIGHT'S POLITICAL POEMS AIS^D SOXGS*.
If the publication of the series of " Chronicles and Memorials of Great
Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages, published by the authority of
H. M. Treasury, under the direction of the Master of the Rolls," has con-
ferred important advantages upon the students of historical literature, it
has at the same time imposed upon them corresponding duties and respon-
sibilities. The nation is beginning to discover that at present it does not
know so much as it ought to do about its own history. The volumes
already issued in the present series have shewn how extensive, how varied,
and at the same time how widely-dispersed, are the sources from which
information is to be derived ; how imperfectly the subject has hitherto
been understood ; and, as a consequence, how inadequately it has been
appreciated. They serve to warn the enquirer against believing that the
early monastic chronicles of England are either its only or its most trust-
worthy historians ; and they encourage him to push his investigations into
quarters which have never been duly examined, but from which he now
discovers that the most important results may be anticipated. The public
is scarce yet fully aware of the extent and the value of its unpublished and
unexplored records. Even of those most generally known by name, the
utility is limited by the absence of available catalogues and indexes, while
there exist others of the highest importance for historical purposes which
have been passed by unnoticed by nearly all enquirers. It is not too much
to affirm that there is not a single reign from that of Henry II. to that of
Henry VIII. for the elucidation of which there do not exist materials,
not only unpublished but also unexamined ; and this remark applies with
additional force to the later and more important portion of the period
which we have specified. Truly we have a long arrear of past neglect for
which to atone. There is a growing conviction, we repeat, upon the minds
of all intelligent enquirers, that there exists, somewhere or other, a trea-
sure, vast and unexplored, of materials necessary for the elucidation of the
history of England. No one in the present day can expect to obtain a
hearing upon any question connected with history, civil or ecclesiastical,
political or religious, topographical or genealogical, who does not exhibit a
fair acquaintance with the sources of the history of his subject. We are
tired of reading Tyrrell and Carte through the medium of Hume, Turner,
and Lingard. We want new information ; in other words, new material.
* "Political Poems and Songs relnting to English History, composed during the
period from the Accession of Edward III. to that of Richtird III. Edited by Thomas
Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Mem. R.S.L., &c. (Published by authority of the
Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, under the direction of the Master
of the RoUs." (London : Longmans.)
I860.] Wrighfs Political Poems and Songs. 131
And here lies the responsibility of the position in which the Master of
the Rolls could not hut find himself placed when invited by Her Majesty's
Government to direct the series of publications for which the Treasury was
willing to provide the necessary funds. Not only did this imply the ability
to form a plan which should unite rapidity and regularity of production
with accuracy of detail, but it implied, what is much more, the possession
of a capacity yet higher and a knowledge yet more recondite ; such a
familiarity with the materials for the history of England, and such an
acquaintance with historical bibliography in all its varied details, as should
enable him to weigh the merits of each several application made by each
several applicant, to decide how far each suggestion was in accordance with
the advanced requirements of our age, what new sources of information
should be opened, what new light could be thrown upon the history of
our nation, what blank could be filled up. This was no sinecure, for a
long and patient study must have gone before it, and it must be accom-
panied by many anxieties. What was done by Bouquet and his Bene-
dictines, by Brial and the members of the Institute of France, by Pertz
and his dozen of sub-editors, has been done, and done successfully, by
Sir John Rom illy.
In proportion, however, to its difficulty is its merit, and in proportion to
its merit is its success. The nation has proved that it appreciates what
the Master of the Rolls is doing for historical literature by the steady pur-
chase of the works which are issued under the sanction of his name. He
has proved himself master of the position which he has been called upon
to occupy. The nation will not now consent to the abandonment, or the
curtailment, of a scheme which even, in the third year of its existence, has
produced at such a small outlay works so varied, so novel, and, upon the
whole, so important.
We have watched the progress of this series since its beginning with a
kindly interest and a hearty wish for its success. The plan upon which it
is conducted is honest, simple, and intelligible; and the expenditure is
surprisingly moderate when compared with the results. The selection of
the publications has, upon the whole, been judicious and discriminating,
and the editors, as a body, have done their work carefully and well. Where
there is so much to praise it would be invidious to do more than hint that
a few blots and blemishes might possibly be brought to light by a criticism
of the several works in detail. The undertaking has begun well, and it
will doubtless improve as it advances, for the Master of the Rolls will
speedily discover that he possesses the confidence of the public, and will
proceed with increased energy.
One of the works lately issued is the first volume of Mr. Thos. Wright's
" Political Poems and Songs relating to English History, composed during
the Period from the Accession of Edward III. to that of Richard III."
Mr. Wright has long been familiar with this subject. It is, in itself, an
132 Wrighfs Political Poems and Songs. [Aug.
exceedingly interesting one, and is calculated to illustrate the history and
the politics, and the social, moral, and religious feelings of our ancestors.
Such songs as some of these here printed constitute a species of barometer
which indicates with tolerable accuracy the condition of the mental atmos-
phere of the period. We hailed the announcement of the work with plea-
sure, a feeling which, however, has been considerably modified upon an
examination of the contents of this first volume. For we discover in it a
deviation from a most wholesome rule which the Master of the Rolls ap-
pears hitherto to have laid down for his own guidance and the guidance
of his editors; a rule carried out, we believe, with only one or two un-
important exceptions, until the present time. We proceed to explain
our meaning.
With such abundant materials at his disposal, the Master of the Rolls
appears to have recognised the maxim that it is better to give the public
new and unedited materials than improved editions of materials with which
they are already familiar. He has hitherto conducted his series upon the
principle that since so much precious ore still lies hidden in the mine, to
bring this to the surface is a duty of primary obligation. This wise
arrangement, dictated by the practical common sense of the Master of the
Rolls, has been accepted and acted upon by the editors in all cases in
which the selection of documents has been left to their own discretion ;
and it has carried with it the approval of the public. It will be necessary,
doubtless, to depart from it at some future time, but that time has not yet
arrived ; and until the necessity arises, we see no reason why the rule
should be violated, as we regret to say it has been violated in the present
volume. Unless some special exception has been made in the case of
Mr. Wright, Mr. Wright has made a special exception for himself ; for of
the volume now published one half was in print previous to its appearance
in the present series. We have gone through the volume in detail, and
speak from the result of our enquiry. We sincerely trust that, so far
from forming a precedent, this will prove an exceptional case. It may be
convenient to have before us in a single volume all the political songs and
poems now scattered through several distinct publications ; but we maintain
that the time for reprints has not yet arrived. The distinguishing feature
of the series has hitherto been the production of new matter, and this has
constituted one of its chief merits. The public has evidently sanctioned
the sound discretion of the Master of the Rolls in this respect, and his-
torical literature has been the gainer by the arrangement. There is no
reason that we can see why a system which has hitherto worked so well,
and the merits of which have been so generally recognised, should be
superseded by one, the disadvantages of which are so transparent ; while
there are many reasons why (for the present at least) it should be adhered
to. We are willing to believe that there has been some inadvertence, or
misapprehension, upon the part of the editor of the present volume ; and
;;•
I860.] Inventory of a Breton Manor-house, 133
we entreat him to confinn this explanation by strictly limiting his second
volume to matter hitherto unprinted.
And now, having recorded this our protest, we have to add that Mr.
Wright's volume contains much curious matter, that the text upon the
whole is carefully edited, and that the Introduction, without exhibiting
either e\ tended research or acute criticism, furnishes a convenient running
commentary upon the documents. The subject might have been handled
more skilfully, but such as it is we accept it and are thankful.
IFVENTOKY OF A BRETOl^ MAI^OR-HOUSE IN THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
The Revue de Bretagne et de Vendee, for May last, published a docu-
ment which, if genuine, is of interest for comparison with the inventories
of household stuff to be found in such works as Mr. Parker* s recently com-
pleted "Domestic Architecture.'* It purports to have been drawn up to
support a petition presented in 1603 to Henry IV. of France, by Herve de
Parcevaux, a Breton seigneur, claiming compensation for furniture and
other effects carried off or destroyed during the civil war by Yves du
Liscouet, a leader of the Huguenots in Brittany. We confess that the
amount of plate seems suspiciously large, but we print the document as we
find it, as the matter seems worth investigation : —
"Twenty-six goblets or cnps of silver gilt, two large goblets of massive gold; a
water-jag of massive gold, a cubit in height; another, half a cubit high, of massive
gold ; and fourteen others of silver gilt. Two gold chains, weighing each 800 crowns,
and ornaments for the head in gold and silver, precious stones, rings and jewels, which
belonged to his defunct mother and wife, or to his present wife, ^ix dozens of silver
dinner plates, and six other dozens for dessert; twelve silver salt-cellars; four dozen
silver other plates; twelve large silver candlesticks; twelve silver vegetable dishes,
and two dozen of silver spoons. Four large silver wash-hand basins, which were so
heavy that one was enough for a man to carry, and six other silver basins which were
1 ghter. Two chalices and a crucifix of massive gold, and six complete sets of sacred
vestments, ua cloth of gold and silver, for the applicant ; all the clothes both of the
■aid applicant and of his defunct mother and wife and of his present wife — the whole
worth more than 10,000 crowns. The tapestry for ornamenting and carpeting the
saloons and chambers of the manor-houses of Mezamou, Pascouet, and La Pallure, the
said tnpestry representing historical personages and incidents. Thirty dozen of sheets
of fine linen, and eleven dozen of other sheets. Twenty-six down beds, and two pillows
and bolsters for each. Two hundred and forty blankets of fine Spanish and English
wool. Thirty dozen of linen table-cloths, and sixty dozen of napkins to match. Seven
casks of wine, six casks of wheat, twelve of rye, fifteen of oats, four of barl- y and
buck-wheat, with three or four hundred capons, and Feventy-five cocks and hens*
Eight oxen and seven fat pigs salted* Half-a-dozen large oxen for fattening, eighteen
milch cows, sixteen young bulls or heifers, twenty-eight lirge draught horses, six geld-
ings, eight mares with their colts, and two fine stallions. Moreover, the arms, chests,
the kitchen utensils, in tin (forty dozen dishes and twt?nty dozen plateti)/' &c.
134
[Aug.
SEATS OR BENCHES IN CHURCHES.
This subject was discussed at the recent annual meeting of the Eccle-
siological Society, and a motion was carried, which led to an undertaking
by the President to draw up a memorial to the Church Building Society.
This document and the reply that it has elicited we have been requested to
insert in our pages.
" To the Committee of the Incorporated Society for Building and Bepairing Churches.
amoanted to about £80. Had I adopted
a still simpler form of chair, I mijiclit have
seated the church for a still smaller sum.
This instance is sufficient to prove that in
discountenancing chairs the Society may
frequently drive poor localities into heavy
expences which otherwise might be ob>
viated.
** The committee of the Ecdesiological
Society beg further to represent that they
conceive that the Society's grants should
be given upon a scale founded on the com-
puted area of each church, rather than
upon the alleged number of sittint^s. The
adoption of this system would ensure per-
fect fairness in every case, while according
to the present system the Incorporated
Society must often be at the mercy of
those persons who do not scruple to dress
up plans with a fallacious show of sittings,
of inconveniently cramped dimensions, or
placed in corners of the church where
seeing and hearing are impossible.
" I am, Ac.,
"A. J. 6. BSBESFOBD-HOPB.
** My Lords and Gentlemen, — The com-
mittee of the Ecclesiological Society have
instruct«^d me, as its President, to convey
to you the respectful expression of the
wish of that Society, as shown by a unani-
mous vote at its recent general meeting,
that you would take into your considera-
tion the revision of your rules so far as
they give an advantafre to one method
rather than another of seating churches.
"A few years ago the only method of
seating churches, which was in use, was
that of pews or benches, and it was there-
fore reasonable that your Society should
not have made provision for any other
system. But the popularity which has
followed the introduction of chairs into St.
Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, and
other churches, has undoubtedly esta-
blished the fact that chairs may now be
legitimately considered as an alternative
method.
"The Ecclesiological Society does not
in thus memorializing the Incorporated
Society desire to express any opinion upon
the comparative advantages of benches
and chairs. But it ventures to submit its
very decided conviction thnt the two sys-
tems ought to be placed on a footing of
perfect equality, and that the assistance
rendered should be in respect of accommo-
dation and not of the form in which that
accommodation is offered— a question, as
it contends, which should be left to the
discretion of the church builders. At the
same time it empowers me to offer one
practical reason why in many cases the
prohibition of chairs would operate as a
serfous practical difsadvantage. This rea-
son is their great cheapness in comparison
with benches. I was engaged last year in
seating a church which contains about 600
worshippers. An estimate was promised for
deal benches of a very simple design, and
the amount proved to be about £400. I
th^n adopted chairs of the precise design
and price of those which have been placed
in St. Paul's Cathedral, and the cost
"ArJclow House, June 16, 1860."
"7, Whitehall, S,W,, June 19, 1860.
" Dear Mr. Hope, — I have to inform
you that the memorial from the Ecclesio-
logical Society, with which you favoured
me last week, wa^ duly presented to this
committee at their meeting yesterday.
There was subsequently much discussion
on the subject of chairs for churches, and
a sub-committee has been appointed 'to
consider the expediency of making grants'
where they are introduced ' in lieu of fixed
seats, and the regulations under which
such grants shall be made.'
" Believe me to remain,
** Very faithfully yours,
" Geobob Ainslie, Sec.
" A. J. Beresford-Hope, Esq.,
"Arklow House."
I860.] 135
HADLEIGH. THE TOWN ; THE CHURCH, Ac*
This volume is highly creditable to the author, and does not at all re-
quire the modest apology for its publication which is prefixed to it. Al-
though not a regular antiquary, Mr. Pigot shews himself to be an intelligent,
well-informed man, able to give a good and clear account of the history
of the place entrusted to his care : we wish we could say that our clergy
generally are equally well prepared to give an account of their parishes.
We are sorry to observe that Mr. Pigot is curate only, and hope that he
will soon be in a position to carry more weight in the parish, to which his
good sense and his diligence fairly entitle him.
The work consists of three parts : I. The Town ; II. The Church ; III.
The Great Men ; and an appendix containing very valuable matter, arranged
under A. The Extenta (or Survey of the Parish) in 1305, the 34th year of
Edward I.; B. Inventories of the Plate, &c., of the Church in 1480, and
at the time of the Reformation, accompanied by useful explanatory notes ;
C. A List of the Painted Glass in the Church in 1 794, a very small part
of which is now in existence ; D. A List of the Deans of Booking ; E.
The Rectors of Hadleigh, also accompanied by notes. Hadleigh is a town
which was formerly more important than it is at present, and its history,
drawn from authentic sources, seems to illustrate that of the county, and
indeed of the eastern part of England generally ; and the following extracts
from it will, we have no doubt, be acceptable to our readers : —
"The Town, then, lays claim to considerable antiquity, and if the supposed
etymology of its name, — head, 'chief,' and ieage, 'place,' — be correct, Hadleigh
would seem to have been a place of importance even in Saxon times. And indeed the
inference, which is thus suggested by its name, is confirmed by historical evidence of
good authority. In the Annals of Asser, a monk of St. David's, the most learned man
in the country of his day, — the favourite companion, moreover, of King Alfred, — it is
stated : —
"'Anno DCCCXC obiit Guthram Rex Paganorum, qui et Athelstani nomen in bap-
tismo suscepit. Qui primus apud Orientales Anglos reg^avit post passionem sancti
regis Edmundi, ipsamque regionem divisit, coluit atque primus inhabitavit. Mortuus
est itaque anno xiv* postquam baptismum suscepit, mausoleatusque est in villa regis,
qu8D vocatur Hcadleaga apud Orientales Anglos.'
" Outhrum was the great leader of the Danes at that period, and it was int ) his camp
at Eddiiigton, in Wiltshire, that King Alfred ventured in the disguise of a harper,
with the view of ascertaining their number and their discipline. The issue from
that visit is Well known : the Danes were attacked and defeated by Alfred; Quthiuin
was taken prisoner, and on condition that his life was spared, consented to become
a Christian.
■ "Hadleigh. The Town; the Church; and the Great Men who have been born
in, or connected with, the Parish. A Papir read before the Suffolk Archaeological
Institute, by the Rev. Hugh Pigot, M.A., Curate of Hadleigh. 8vo., x. and 290 pp.,
and 10 plates." (Lowestoft : Tymms.)
136 Iladleigh, The Tomn ; the Church, S^c. [Aug.
" It b clear from the words of Asser that Hadleigh was once a ' royal town/ iuas-
much as it was the place where Outhrum resided after he had been advanced by his
conqueror to the dignity of King of the EHst Angles ; it is clear, too, that it was the
place of Guthrum's death, and of his burial ; and it would also appear, I think, that
Hadleigh had no existence as a town before his days. . . .
" Some persons have gone so far as to conjecture that at the time of the Roman
Conquest the more civilized Britons were clothed in woollen fabrics ; but the first
authentic record states that certain Flemings, driven out of their own country by an
encroachment of the sea, came to England, a.d. 1111, and were stationed by the King,
Henry the First, in Carlisle, but, not agreeing with the natives, were transplanted into
Pembrokeshire.
'* Henry the Second also favoured the clothiers, and in his reign the manufacture
extended throughout the kingdom, so that dealers in Norwich as well as other places
paid fines to the King that they might freely buy and sell dyed cloth. The wars,
however, that followed under John, Henry the Third, Edward the First, and Edward
the Second, caused the manufacture to decline ; but still in the meantime it had found
its way to this place, for the Extenta speaks of a mill ' ad pannum fullandum,' and of
one ' Simon the Fuller,' bnd others of the same trade ; which appears to prove that
the cloth trade was e»tablihhed here as early as the reign of Edward the First.
"But the decaying trade was revived by the policy and energy of Edward the
Third, who, a.d. 1331, persuaded Flemish manufacturers to settle largely in his
dominions, and succeeded in firmly establishing an art which has since exercised an
amazing influence on the fortunes of this country.
** * Blesstd be the memory of King Edward the Third and Phillippa of Hainault,
his Queen, who first invented clothes,' says a monastic chronicler, and we may take up
his thanksgiving ; not that the people had before gone naked, but that the trade,
which was fostered and encouraged by this wise King, has given both warmth and
riches to our nation. ' Here they should feed on beef and mutton,' says Fuller, when
describing the inducements which were held out by Edward, —
*' * Till nothing but their fulness should stint their stomachs : yea, they should feed
on the labour of their own hands, enjoying a proportionable profit of their pains to
themselves, and the richest yeomen in England would not disdain to marry their
daughters unto them, and such the English beauties that the most curious foreigners
could not but commend them.'
"And after having thus stated the not very creditable ways by which Edward
cfl*ected his object, he goes on to say : —
" ' Happy the yeoman's house into which one of these Dutchmen did enter, bringing
industry and wealth along with them ! Such who came in strangpers within doors,
soon after went out bridegrooms and returned sons-in-law, having married the
daughters of their landlords, who first entertained them ; yea, those yeomen in whose
houses they harboured, soon proceeded gentlemen, gaining great estates to themselves,
arms and worship to their estates.' . . .
" And a few years later we find Hadleigh described by Fox, in his life of Rowland
Tayler, as * a town of cloth making and labouring people,' in which were ' rich cloth
makers,' upon whom Dr. Tayler used to call and solicit alms for the poor, and to
interest them in the welfare of their less fortunate neighbours; and in the greater part
of the following century there is evidence both from wills and from the registers that
the cloth trade fiourished in the place. Numerous benefactions were made to cha-
ritable objects during this period, which testify not only to the generosity, but also to
the prosperity, of the master clothiers ; and the register of baptisms, where it begins
to tell the occupation of the father, proves that the trade of * clothier and weaver'
was the most common trade of all. In 1635 the kindred trades of clothier, draper.
I860.] Hadkigh. The lown; the Church, ^c. 137
tailor, shcannan, cardman, comber, and weaver, was 47 against 47 of all other trades
combined. . . .
" But I will pass on now to the modes in which the town was governed during the
season of its prosperity. And it would seem that the earliest mode in which it was
governed, after the death, at least, of Outbrum, was by Guilds. Guilds were, at all
events, of Saxon institution, and were voluntary sodeties, something like our benefit
clubs, only commonly of a more religious character, in which the associated members
pledged themselves to defend each other against injury, to relieve each other in dis-
tress, and to secure the ofiering up of masses for the souls of each other after death.
They were called Guilds from the Saxon verb gUdan, * to pay,' (that is, into a common
fund for the benefit of the society,) and 'exhibited the natural if not the legal
character of corporations.' They possessed in some towns either landed property of
their own, or rights of superiority over that of others. Of such Guilds there is evi-
dence that there existed Jive in Hadleigh, and their several titles were the Guild of
Trinity, Corpus Christi, St. John, Jesus Guild, and our Lady's Guild. This was a
large number, and sufficient of itself to shew the great prosperity of Hadleigh at that
time ; but the value of the vestments and of the plate which once belonged to them
(an inventory of which is g^ven in the appendix) is a still more convindng evidence
of this fact, for while even in Ipswich the vessels, &c., belonging to the Guilds
were made of no more costly substance than brass and pewter, here they were chiefly
made of silver." — (pp. 3 — 16.)
So far it will be seen that this history agrees with the general history of
many other towns, and, with little change, might be applied to many other
places ; bat such history is in general little known even among persons who
consider themselves woll educated, and Mr. Pigot has done good service in
bringing it forward in a clear and readable manner.
What follows is more strictly of a local character : —
** The Rectory tower was built by the munificent rector, Dr. I^kenham, in the
year 1495, and is a beautiful spedmen of the brickwork of that period, 48 feet 3 inches
in height from the g^und to the top of the battlements, and fianked at the four cor-
ners by panelled and battlemented turrets, which rise a few inches more than 9 feet
above the rest of the building. Two of these turrets, those facing the east, rise from
the ground, and are sexagonal ; the other two spring from the comers, a little below
the corbel-table. The frx)nt of the tower, which is 31 feet 4 inches wide, faces the
east, and on that side is the entrance doorway ; on the first floor above is a small oriel
window, the brick-work of which is both battlemented and machicolated at the top.
" Underneath was, as I said, the passage to the old Rectory, having on the left on
the ground floor a small room, with a roof of massive beams of oak, which probably
served as the porter's lodge; above this, approached by a short winding staircase, is
another room, which was, no doubt, intended for the night accommodation of the porter ;
but in neither room is there any trace of a fireplace. Still precautions were taken fbr
his safety, when it was connected with the safety of the other inmates, for at the bot-
tom of the staircase there was a slit in the wall to enable bun to see visitors before he
unbarred the entrance-door. On the right hand, in the comer turret, is another
winding staircase, which leads to two large rooms above, and, finally, to the summit
of the tower."— (pp. 26, 26.)
Then follows a description of some curious paintings on the walls of the
rooms in the tower, executed in 1629 at the expense of Dr. Goad, then
rector. Other pictures on the walls of the same tower are said to be by
Canaletti, and the description of them seems to agree with his style ; these
GxHT. Mao. Vol. OCIX. b
138 Hadleiffh. The Town ; the Church, fyc. [Aug.
are said to have been executed by him when in England and on a visit to
the rector, Dr. Tanner, in 1 750. There is a lithograph plate of this tower,
by J. S. Malley, which gives a tolerable idea of it, but as a work of art we
cannot say much for it. Such subjects are in general better executed on
wood, the expense of which is much the same ; and it has this additional
advantage, that casts of woodcuts are available for other archeeological pub«
lications. Our limits compel us to pass over the description of the church,
which is a large and fine one of the usual Suffolk style of the fifteenth cen*
tury. But we cannot refrain from this extract : —
" On tbe right side of the pulpit is a very curious figure carved in wood, representing
a beast sitting down on its hind quarters, with folded wings, with the fore legs and
feet of a man, wearing shoes of the period of Richard the Second, and with the hind
feet (cloven) of an animal. The head is covered with a hood, kept in its position by
the liripipe, or small pendent tail of the hood, which is tied as a fiilet round the brows.
The neck is encircled with a collar, resembling the ornament anciently worn by eccle-
siastics on their robes, and the mouth carries by the hair the head of a man. The
figure was formerly the head of a Perpendicular bench, and is clearly an allusion to
the legend of St. Edmund ^, though at the same time a caricature of the monks. Such
caricatures were common from the eleventh century to the Reformation." — (pp. 50, 51.)
This is accompanied also by a lithograph by W. B. Tymms, from a
drawing by A. E. Sprague, who, we presume, is the architect at Colchester,
for few can draw like him ; and this is beautifully drawn, affording a strik-
ing contrast in this respect to most of the other plates. We could have
wished it had been engraved in some more permanent manner, but it is
only justice to Mr. Tymms to say that he has rendered his drawing faith-
fully and clearly. The palimpsest brass of Rowland Tayler, 1594, on one
side, and a Flemish merchant of about a century previous on the other,
is curious, and is carefully drawn by the anastatic process. As this church
was in the district devastated by the notorious "William Dowsing, under
the authority of Parliament, in 1643, we cannot be surprised that most of
the brasses and of the painted glass have disappeared.
The biographical portion of Mr. Pigot's volume appears to be carefully
put together, but our limits compel us to abstain from so tempting a theme.
The list comprises several names of persons of considerable eminence in
their day, and we commend it to the attention of all Suffolk men.
^ ** The legend is, that the Danes shot St. Edmund with arrows in Hoxne Wood, and
then cut off his head and threw it amongst the trees ; that some of his subjects came,
when the Danes had retired, and searched for his body for the purpose of burying it,
but could at first only find the trunk ; that when expressing to eaeh other wonder
where the head could be, they heard a voice say, ' Here, here, here f and that on
going to the spot whence the voice proceeded, they found a wolf sUtinff doum toith the
loMt head in its mouth, but hanging down between hieforelegti that the wolf politely
gave up the head ; that the head when placed by the trunk became miraculously at-
tached to it again, as if it had never been separated ; and that the wolf, having quietly
attended the funeral, retired to its native woods."
I860.] 139
THE GTJESTEN HALL, WORCESTER.
The subject of the preservation of the Guesten Hall was mentioned by
Lord Talbot de Malahide in his opening address at the Congress of the
Archaeological Institute at Gloucester, and at the close of the meeting an
address from the Institute to the Dean and Chapter of Worcester was
agreed on. The matter thus stands at present ; but it fortunately is in our
power to lay before our readers an authoritative statement of the condition
of the building, and the position of the Ecclesiastical Commission towards
it, with which, in reply to our application, we have been furnished by the
courtesy of their architect, Ewan Christian, Esq. : —
Sib, — I am sorry that I am unable at this time to prepare" for your pages
a paper respecting the Guesten Hall, but I can, perhaps, state for your
guidance a useful fact or two.
First, The Ecclesiastical Ciommissioners have, so far as I know, nothing what-
ever to do with the building. It is the property of the Dean and Chapter, and
they only have the power to deal with it. At the request of that body I surveyed
the Hall in June last, and reported to the Dean as to its present condition, and
the probable cost of upholding it. The building is in a very mutilated and di-
lapidated state. Its interior is encumbered with numerous partitions and floors,
erected in modem times, and its roof, which is in a sadly shattered and weakened
state, can only be seen by clambering up into a filthy garret.
Externally, one window only retains its tracery in a fairly complete, though
mouldering condition ; fragments of tracery exist behind ivy and brick-work in
two others, and the remaining windows are wholly devoid either of tracery or
mullions, and, except where blocked up with masonry and modem sashes, are
open to the weather.
The cost of clearing the interior, repairing the walls and buttresses, securing
the roof, restoring the tracery and mullions of the windows, together with plain
glazing and plain stone paving for the floor, cannot be estimated at less
than £1,760.
To restore the west porch, a fragment of which still exists, would add to this
amount probably £300 ; and if the wretched south front were touched, the cost
would be still further increased. The Dean and Chapter have, as I understand,
no funds wherewith to meet this expenditure, they have no use for the HaU^
and imless the public come forward with subscriptions for its sustentation and
repair, I greatly fear it must of necessity ere long be numbered amongst the
things of the past, a fate which would by no one be more sincerely lamented
than by. Sir,
Your obedient servant,
Ewan Cbristiak.
10, WhitehaU-placey London,
July 26t/iy 1860.
140 [Aug.
<2^t*t0tnal Botumttttij*
The reader of Strype's " Annals" will remember the inscription on the
coffin of Roger Rippon, one of the Barrowists who died in Newgate^, but
to save the trouble of turning to the volume we here insert it : —
" This is the corps of Roger Rippon, a servant of Christ, and her Majesty's
faithful subject. Who is the last of sixteen or seventeen, which that great
enemy of God, the archbishop of Canterbury [Whitgift], with his high com-
missioners, have murdered in Newgate within these five years, manifestly for the
testimony of Jesus Christ. His soul is now with the Lord ; and his blood crieth
for speedy vengeance against that great enemy of the saints, and against Mr.
Richard Young [a justice of the peace in London]. Who in this, and many the
like points, hath abused his power, for the upholding of the Romish Antichrist,
prelacy, and priesthood.*'
Such bearding of authority as this was little likely to pass unnoticed in
the days of the Tudors, and accordingly we find one of the sect closely
examined on the subject, and, with a contemptuous disregard of what would
now be considered merely decent, by the very magistrate, Richard Young,
whose conduct is impugned. We print the examination of the prisoner,
from the original in the State Paper Office. We know nothing about him,
except what we learn from Strype, that he was a prisoner in Wood-street
Counter in 1592, when the deceased, Roger Rippon, was confined in Bride«
well, and soon after the date of this examination, he is, in the confession of
Daniel Buck, another Barrowist, described as a " deacon" of their sect.
His tone, though in bonds, is lofty, and his justification of himself, and
refusal to subscribe his examination, point him out as a worthy precursor
of the stubborn John Lilburn : —
EXAMINATION OP CHRISTOPHER BOWMAN— MARCH 1, 1593.
COBAH EICHABDO T0X7NO, PRIMO DIE ICABTU, 1592.
Chbistophib Bowkan, goldsmith, aged 32 yeares or thereaboutes, saieth,
that hee was not at Newgate at the time that Roger Rippon dyed, but hee saieth
that the whole congregation was consentinge to the makinge of the coffine, and
this examinate was made acquainted with a further purpose, which hee saieth
hee disliked of.
Beinge demaunded who is the congregation and what bee their names, hee
saieth he wiU not declare it, nor may not disclose his brethren's secretts, nor the
place of their meetinge, for hee remembreth it not, nor the time.
> 8vo. Edit. Oxf. 1824^ vol. iv. p. 186.
I860.] Examination of Christopher Bowman. 141
Hee saieth hee was never consentinge to the libell or writinge fixed upon the
coffine, neither doeth hee allowe of it if any suche writinge were made. The
coffine coste 4s. 8d., which was gathered of the whole congregation, and paied
bj this examinate.
Hee saieth that hee doeth^not thinke that their secrete meetinges and con-
venticles are contrary to God*s lawe or the lawes of the realme. Hee saieth hee
cannot take an othe to answer to any slighte causes as hee thinketh these to be.
Hee saieth that hee doeth not remember that hee sawe Mr. Penryn within
these 4 dayes, and will not aunswere directly thereunto, althoughe hee bee re-
quired as hee is a Christian, but hath sene him within these fewe dayes : how
many dayes hee knoweth not.
Hee saieth hee was lately out of towne, but the place where hee will not
declare, sayenge that unles hee were knowen to bee a man of a bad life, hee is
not to sett down the places where hee hath bene.
Hee saieth hee is not persuaded to goe to his parish churche, or to Pauleys
Crosse, to heare a sermon, for that hee seeth every man, how wicked soever hee
bee, admitted to receive the communion, and hee will not joyne in prayer with
that mynyster which geveth holy thinges to dogges.
He denieth to subscribe this his examination.
(Signed) Byc. Youko.
Beference to Strype will shew Justice Young as an active magistrate as
early as 1582, and in 1593 Francis Johnson, a prisoner, speaks of him, in
a letter to Lord Burghley, as one " who among the rest of the commis-
sioners that usually sit with him, seems to carry matters as pleaseth him."
He appears to have been hated not only by offenders of various classes,
bat also by some of those connected with carrying out the law. In another
document that we shall shortly publish, we shall see the wife of the keeper
of Newgate regarding him as the enemy of her husband, and attempting
to practise magic arts for his destruction.
ROMAN REMAINS IN KENT.
Is excavating the foandations of the White Hart Inn, which stood by the road side
at Cnxton, near Strood, in Kent, the workmen have recently brought to light a de-
potit of Roman vessels, many of which are of the elegant red Instrons ware, probably
belonging to a sepulchral interment. In one of the cape the potter's name, icatbbitvs,
is stamped acroM the bottom. This potter's name is also to be found in the list of
stamps discovered in London. The vessels have been sent to Lord Damley's at
Cobham Hall ; but it is supposed they will ultimately be given to the Museum of the
Kent ArcbsBolQgical Society, at Chillington-house, Maidstone.
^
142 [Aug.
ilnttquartait anU Hiterarg iPntelltgeitrer*
{^Corretpandents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, but in order that a copy of the Gektlehah'b Magazikb containing
their Communications mag be forwarded to them,"]
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
June 14. JoHir Bbuce, Esq., V,-P., in the chair.
The DiBEOTOB announced that in the event of any suhscription heing
initiated for the preservation of the Guesten-hall at Worcester, the Society
had determined on contributing a grant of ten pounds out of the very
limited funds at their disposal for such purposes.
' Mr. Sheppabd exhibited drawings of a torque and of a vase found at
Canterbury last April.
J. J. HowABD, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited the pedigree of the Calthorpe
family, commencing with William Calthorpe, {femp, 1241,) and illustrated
with forty-nine shields. Mr. Howard also exhibited a grant of arms to
Robert Lee of Quarrenden, dated London, April 18, 1513.
The Rev. T. Hugo exhibited the handle of a knife in morse- ivory.
Mr. Edwin C. Tbeland exhibited, by permission of Sir Percevall Hart
Dyke, a very curious bowl found at LuUingstone, Kent, in the month of
April last. Numerous ornaments which were formerly attached to the
bowl were also exhibited, and consisted chiefly of pelta-shaped plates,
animals, and other objects. A cruciform arrangement was discernible,
and the general character of the ornaments induced the Director to assign
to it a Celtico- Saxon origin. The bowl was accompanied by remarks and
drawings from Mr. Treland.
J. J. Habt, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited a document appointing Sir Richard
Lee ambassador at the court of Russia in the year 1600.
Mr. C. Spence exhibited a German drinking-glass, bearing numerous
mystical legends surrounding a figure of Paracelsus.
Mr. S. BiBOH, F.S.A., exhibited a paper impression of a tablet of
Thothmes III., recently found at Thebes, accompanied by remarks in
illustration of its contents and of the history of that remarkable reign.
The Rev. J. Webb, F.S.A., exhibited and read some remarks on a
halbert, supposed by him to have belonged to Richard Cromwell. In the
course of this paper Mr. Webb introduced some interesting particulars on
the family of R. Cromwell.
[We are compelled to postpone till our next number an account of the Con-
versazione of June 21, one of the most brilliant meetings which have for a
long time been assembled within the walls of the Antiquarian Society.]
I860.]
British Arch(Bological Association.
143
BRITISH ASSOCIATIO]!^.
June 27 — JuUf 4. The nstud Annual
Meeting was held at Oxford, under the
presidency of the Right Hon. Lord Wrot-
tesley ; it was very numeronsly attended.
No less than 281 papers were read in the
different sections, but the only one that
would require report in the Gentlehait's
Magazike, one on the Wroxeter Excava-
tions, by Mr. T. Wright, has already ap-
peared in good part in our pages*, and
the remainder we shall have the oppor-
tunity of putting on record in our account
of the Meeting of the British Arch»o-
logical Association, which takes place at
Shrewsbury, in the second week in August.
BRITISH ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Maif 30. T. J. PBTTiaBiW, F.R.S.,
P.S.A., V.-P., in the chair.
The Rev. J. C. Macdona, of Mossley,
near Manchester, was elected an Associate.
Mr. Syer Cuming read some notes in
reference to an ancient shrine discovered
in Lanarkshire, exhibited by Mr. Sim. It
is a portable feretrum to contain relics,
composed of latten, and in the form of
the sleeve of a sacerdotal vest. The front
had been furnished with crystal, through
which the holy objects were to be viewed.
It bore resemblance to the shrine of St.
Olaf preserved in the Copenhagen Mu-
seum. The Lanarkshire specimen was found
on the site of a battle, and bad probably
been carried to that spot to invoke success
to its poaioBSors.
Mr. George Wright, F.S.A., exhibited a
fine specimen (^silver lace (entirely metal)
which had formed part of a baptismal
mantle or bearing cloth, and from 1659
had been in the possession of the Veseys of
Hintlesbam Priory, Suffolk.
Mr. Elliott exhibited a posey ring of the
time of Elizabeth, found in Fulham Fields.
It was very small, of gold, and had on the
interior No Fbtitd to Fatth. He also
produced a silver etui in the form of a
fish, very elastic and with eyes of garnets.
Also a Chinese chatelain of silver, analo-
gous to toilet instruments found in Teu-
tonic barrows. It was composed of two
tooth-picks, an ear-pick, a nail-pick, a
tongue -scraper, and a pair of tongs with
curved points.
Mr. Wills exhibited a small but power-
ful pair of iron nut-crackers, and a brass
watch seal with the profile of Queen Anne,
found in the Thames.
Mr. E. Roberts exhibited a coin from
the Duchy of Celle of Hanover found at
Boulogne, and of the date of 1634.
Mr. Wentworth sent some ancient do-
cuments for exhibition, among which were
two letters from the Duke of Buckingham,
from Wallingford House and London,
dated 1668 and 1672, and an Order in
Council against Papists and Sectaries,
dated Feb. 8, 1674-5, signed Robert
Southwell.
Dr. Palmer sent a Rector of Newbury's
token— Joseph Sayer, 1666—1674. It re-
presents a Bible in the field.
Mr. Winkley sent a Nuremberg jetton
found at Pinner, Middlesex. It bore the
name of Hans Krauwinkel, and had a
motto, Qottes Oaben Sol Man Loh, —
' God's fpft shall one praise.'
Mr. Vere Irving exhibited further anti-
quities from Lanarkshire. A bronze head
of a veiy small javelin, found with calcined
bones in an earthen urn. The silver pom-
mel of a dagger, decorated with a sbield
charged with a lion rampant. It is of the
fourteenth century. A cascabel engraved
with eight arches and the initials R.W.
In the Scottish Museum there are speci-
mens with the name of Wigan on them.
Mr. Syer Cuming read some notices of
remains obtained from a Roman villa at
Box in Wiltshire, and exhibited specimens
that had been thrown out to mend the
highways !
Mr. Pettigrew presented a Phoenician in-
scription found among the papers of the late
Mr. Frere at Malta. It is in six lines, and
» Oemt. Mao., May, 1859, p. 447, and Sept.,
18d9, p. 219.
144.
Antiqiuirian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
Mr. P. gave as its interpretation, " Thyro,
the Perfection of Beauty — Woman of
Women — ^the Centre of Sodety, as the
Heart is of the Body— All Superior— Joy
itself —the Source of Pleasure and Delight,
more than language can express."
Mr. Thomas Wright, F.S.A., produced
two letters from the Rev. Mr. Egremont
and Dr. Henry Johnson, of Shropshire,
detailing some recent discoveries at Wrox-
eter. The antiquities consisted of hair-
pins, some of which are elegantly worked
— a portion of a large and rough fihula;
the head of a hird ; a quantity of highly
ornamented Samian ware; a heautifiil
bowl of the same, with inscriptions and the
representation of a stag hunt ; many coins,
among which there was one of Allectus ;
some specimens of mural painting; im-
pression of a dog's foot on a tile, another
of a sandal, &c. There has also been found
a chamber thirty-two feet in length of
masonry, a pillar with well-formed base,
a furnace lined with vitrified clay, &c.
These will be particularized in the account
given by Mr. Wright in the several num-
bers of the Journal of the Association.
June 18. Bebiah Botfield, Esq.,
M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A., President, in the
chair.
Mrs. Freake of Cromwell-house, South
Kensington; the Rev. James Ridgway,
M.A., of Oakley -square ; and Hillary
Davies, Esq., of Shrewsbury, were elected
Associates.
Dr. Eendrick exhibited an impression
of the seal of Stephen Payn, Almoner to
King Henry V., which is still used as the
signet of Greatham Hospital, Durham.
Mr. Black contributed some notes respect-
ing Payn, who held his appointment from
2<> Henry V. (1414). The letters patent
granted to him all deodands by land or
water, and they were collected either by
him or his deputies, hence this seal was
required. Dr. Kendrick sent by way of
comparison an impression of the seal of
the present Lord High Almoner.
Mr. Baigent nBot a small circular fibula
of latten dug up near the great mitred
Abbey of Hyde, Winchester. It is of the
middle of the fourteenth century, and is
4
inscribed ihc -f haza -J- EENVS -f BEX -|-
It appears to have been originally gilt.
Mr. George Wright exhibited a curious
leaf in MS. from a theatrical manager's
book of the date of 1638. This was found
in the Notitia Dramatica belonging to
Isaac Reed. The plays performed as per
list were "The Lost Lady," by Sir W.
Barclay; " Damboyes," by George Chap-
man; "Aglaura," by Sir John Suckling;
"The Unfortunate Lovers," by Sir William
Davenant; "Ould Castel," (attributed to
Shakespeare); "The Fox," by Ben Jonson;
"The Passionate Lover," by Lodowick
Carlell; "The Merry Devill of Edmonton;**
"CsBsar and Pompey,*' by Chapman; "The
Merry Wives of Windsor," by Shakespeare;
"The Chances," by Beaumont and Fletcher,
&c., &c. Mr. Wrighfs exhibition was ac-
companied by biographical notices. Mr.
Curie produced a singular iron horse-shoe,
found in Hampshire, having a bar across,
probably for protection of the foot. Mr.
Forman exhibited a memento mori medal
of gilt silver. The obverse presents the
image of an Eastern queen with a legend,
Qiks sim pott terga videbU; and the re-
verse, a skeleton resting the elbow on a
tomb, upon which is an hour-glass, and
the legend Sic nunc puloherrima quondam.
Mr. Wentworth sent some original docu-
ments for inspection : — "A Note of Moneys
due unto the Shippers whose Ships were
taken up for transporting Men to the
Isle of Ree." This relates to the expedi-
tion of the Duke of Buckingham to the
Isle, also to Rochelle. " A Letter frxnn the
Lord Treasurer Southampton," (1665);
and one from " Lord Huntingdon, 1580."
Mr. Wentworth also sent "A Declaration
of the State of all Monies received towards
the Reparation of St. Paul's Cathedral be-
fore the Great Fire of London."
Mr. Allom exhibited a beautiful oil
painting, made by him from sketches taken
on the spot, representing the castles of
Europe and Asia on the Bosphorus. He
read some historical notes relating to these
buildings of the fifteenth century.
Mr. Planch^ read a paper on the Cap
of Estate anciently worn by the Sovereigns
of England, which, with illustrations, will
be printed.
I860.]
Ecclesiological Society,
145
The President in adjourning the public
meetings over to November, announced
the Congress in Shropshire to commence
at Shrewsbury on the 6th of August, and
stated the objects intended to be par-
ticularly inspected, the papers to bo read,
and the invitations that had been received.
It was also announced that the Council of
the Association proposed to print, in ad-
dition to their quarterly Journal, an oc-
casional volume of Collectanea ArchaO'
logica, consisting of the more lengthened
papers and those requiring extensive illus-
tratious laid before the Society, a measure
which, from the number already on hand
and constantly accumulating, has been
rendered absolutely necessary. Associates
desiring to possess these volumes are to
deliver their names in to the Treasurer.
ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
June 11. At a Committee Meeting held
at Arklow-house, — preseut, the President,
Mr. BsBSS70BD-HoPE, in the chair, Mr.
Gosling, Bev. S. S. Greatheed, Kev. H.
L. Jenner, Mr. Gambler Parry, Rev. W.
Scott, Archdeacon Thorp, Mr. Warburton,
and the Rev. B. Webb, — the following
gentlemen were elected members: — Ed-
ward Akroyd, Esq., of Bank Field, Hali-
fax; the Rev. J. M. Brackenbury, of
Wimbledon, Surrey ; J. R. Clayton, Esq.,
of Cardington- street, Hampstead-road ;
the Rev. H. Douglas, of Victoria Docks ;
and the Rev. John Jebb, D.D., of Peter-
stow Vicarage, Herefordshire. Edward
Akroyd, Esq., and the Rev. Dr. Jebb,
were added to the Committee.
The Annual Reports of the Society and
of the Sub-committee for Music were read
and accepted.
Mr. Truefitt met the Committee, and
laid before it his designs for several houses
in the Pointed style which have been built
in the north of London.
Mr. Slater exhibited a design for a large
mosuc pavement to be executed in the
opus yllexandrinum method for the sanc-
tuary of Chichester Cathedral. He also
displayed the designs for a new quad-
rangle to be built at Sherborne for the
use of the grammar-school, and the de-
signs for the restoration of Rustington
Church, Sussex, and of Bringtou Church,
Hunts.
Mr. W. J. Hopkins of Worcester brought
under notice the meditated destruction
of the Gueflten-hall, at Worcester, of which
he exhibited drawings from the work on
Domestic Architecture by Messrs. Dollman
and Jobbins, now in course of publication.
Gbkt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
The President undertook to notice the
matter at the Anniversary Meeting of the
Society, and the Secretary was desired to
write to the Society of Antiquaries and
the ArchaK)logical Institute to invite their
co-operation in an effort to save the build-
ing. Mr. Hopkins also exhibited his de-
signs for the restoration of the long dese-
crated church of Cow Honeyboume, Wor-
cestershire, and for the restoration of the
church of White Ladies, Aston ; and a large
number of other sketches.
Mr. Withers exhibited his designs for
the restoration of Monnington Church,
Pembrokeshire, and St. Dogfael, Meline,
in the same county. He also brought an
embroidered green frontal, which had been
presented to his new church at Little
Cawthorpe, Lincolnshire, by Miss Blen-
cowe and her colleagues of the Ladiea'
Ecclesiastical Embroidery Society.
Mr. Pritchard laid befbre the Com-
mittee the drawings, by Mr. Seddon and
himself, for the restoration of Bonvilstone
Church, Glamorganshire ; for a new Pro-
bate Registry at Llandaff; for the new
church of St. John, Maindee, Newport,
Monmouthshire; for the new church of
St. Andrew, Cardiff; for a sculptured rere-
doe (to be executed by Mr. Armsted), for
a church near London, and for some villas
at Croydon and Tunbridge Wells.
Mr. Lee exhibited the drawings of his
works at Meopham Court, Kent.
Mr. Skidmore exhibited, besides some
beautiful photographs of his works in the
new Oxford Museum, the designs for his
metal screens in the church of All Souls',
Halifax, and also the designs fur an iron
church at Hawksbury, near Coventry, and
T
146
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Au
S-
for a dock -tower at Canterbury, New
Zealand.
The Committee examined a photograph
of an oak credence-table, designed by
Mr. Charles Tamer ; and also the designs
by Mr. S. S. Teulon for the new church
of St. Jatnes, Pentonville, for the addition
of a chancel to Christ | Church, North
Croydon, and for the restoration of South
Carlton Church, Lincolnshire. They fur-
ther inspected Mr. Buckeridge's designs
for the restoration of All Saints', Mears
Ashby, Northamptonshire, and for a new
parsonage-house for the same place.
Mr. £. B. Bobson presented to the
Society three most interesting photo-
g^phs, representing portions of Durham
cathedral which no longer exist, taken
fVom water-colour drawings by Carter,
made in' 1795. The following extrast is
from Mr. Bobson's letter : —
"No. 1 shews the galilee, in which
nothing has been disturbed, except the
fifteenth- century altar, replaced by enor-
mous oak doors and cast-iron hinges.
"No. 2 represents that end of the
chapter-house which, four years afler the
execution of Mr. Carter's drawing, was
entirely swept away.
" No. 8 gives the opposite end of the
chapter- house, which is not 'destroyed,'
(as Mr. Carter mentions,) but only defaced.
No vestige of the groining, or of the small
side door, remains. Tbe floor is of wood,
about the same distance above the cloister
pavement which it formerly measured in
the opposite direction. ^ The two-light
windows have the window- order walled
up.
"The originals belonged to the late
venerable antiquary, Dr. Baine, whose
son has allowed the photographs to be
taken for the Dean and Chapter of Dur-
ham.
"Thanks to the faithful work of Carter,
the chapter-house oa» be restored to its
pristine glory, but, as Dr. Baine forcibly
asks, ' Who can restore its pavement,
studded with the gravestones of the first
three centuries a(Ut the Conquest ?' ",
In the evening the Annual Meeting
was held in the central gallery of the
Architectural Exhibition, Conduit-street,
Begent-street, when there was a very
numerous attendance; Mr. A. J. B. Be-
resford-Hope, the President, in the chair.
The Chairman, in opening the businesi
of the meeting, said the Society had come
of age, that day being its twenty-first
anniversary. As to what had been the
success of their movement, he thought
they might only appeal to what had been
done in every town, if not every parish, in
England. Did not churches built every-
where more or less embody those princi-
ples which were thought to be enthusiastic
and fanatic when the Society was first
founded in 1849 ? They saw their cathe-
drals and churches restored, and new
churches rising, not only in the United
Kingdom, but in the colonies and every-
where, in a style for art of a quality and
quantity unknown then; and they saw
sculpture applied to architecture, em-
bodied in an unfading and imperishable
frame. They also saw painting applied to
architecture, and thus the sister arts were
now combined with a unity of system and
um hitherto unknown. They saw the
vandalism that destroyed old buildings in
former times now dying away, but he re-
gretted to find that the Guesten Hall,
Worcester, was doomed to destruction for
the most foolish of reasons. A case like
that called for a cry of reprobation all
over the country.
The Bev. B. Webb then read the Be-
port, of which the following are the chief
points : —
" The principal new church of the year is
undoubtedly Mr. Scott's noble building of
All Souls', Haley Hill, Hali&x, which was
consecrated last November. This fine
work has been noticed at large in the
' Ecclesiologist,' and it was pointed out
how important an example it is of the in-
troduction of sculpture into church deco-
ration. The same architect's chapel for
Exeter College, Oxford, has also been con-
secrated. Mr. Butter field's church of
St. John Evangelist, Hammersmith, has
been finished; his St. Alban's, Baldwin
Gardens, is in progress. Mr. Street's
church of St. James-the-Less, Garden-
street, Westminster, is rising; and another,
by the same architect, in the parish of St.
Giles, Oxford, has been begun. The Com-
mittee observe with satisfaction that in
the chancels of these two churches, and in
Exeter College chapel, vaulting has been
adopted. Mr. B. Brandon's church in
Great Windmill-street will be commenced
in the course of the summer. Mr. Slater's
cathedral at Kilmore is almost ready for
<ft
I860.]
Ecclesioloffical Society.
147
consecration ; and he is about to build a
mortuary chapel of unusual scale and dig-
nity at Sherborne, as well as a satisfactory
church at Bray, near Dublin. Another
work of peculiar interest is the transmu-
tation, by Mr. Butterfield, of the parish
church of St. Columb, Cornwall, in hope
of its becoming the catl>edral of the future
diocese of Cornwall. The plans include
the addition of a clerestory to the nave,
and the substitution of a more dignified
choir for the existing chancel. Mr. Burges'
Memorial Church at Constantinople is at
last really in hand.
"We are able to mention this, year,
with great approbation, several colonial
churches. Foremost of these is a very
original design by Mr. Burges for a cathe-
drtd at Brisbane, Australia. Mr. Slater
has completed the very successful church
of St. George, Basseterre, St. Kitts ; and
Mr. Bodley has designed a peculiarly good
parish church for the diocese of Qrahams-
town. Montreal Cathedral was opened
for service on Advent Sunday, and the
cathedral for Sydney is approaching com-
pletion. The high roof recently added
to Calcutta Cathedral is an improvement
to that unsatisfactory stnicture.
" Of foreign churches we may mention
St. Lawrence, Alkmaar, by M. Cuypers;
the votive church at Aix-la-Chapelle, and
the cathedral at Linz by M. Statz; and
the Lutheran churches of St. Bartholo-
mew, Berlin, and St. Anscharius, Ham-
burg. A volume of designs for churches,
built or projected by Hcrr Statz, testifies
to great ecclesiological activity in Germany.
Mr. Scotf 8 church at Hamburg is nearly
completed.
" The new Park Church at Glasgow, by
Mr. Kochead, may be referred to as a con-
spicuous example of the now common use
of the Pointed style among the Presby-
terians of Scotland.
" The work of church restoration pro-
ceeds with unabated vigour. Lichfield and
Hereford and Peterborough Cathedrals
under Mr. Scott, Chichester Cathedral un-
der Mr. Slater, and Worcester Cathedral,
are advancing. The restoration of the
octagon at Ely, as a memorial to the late
Dean, is soon to be commenced. Mean-
while, a friendly controversy has taken
place as to the proper external capping of
the lantern. The restoration of the tower
of Durham Cathedral and the projected
works at Bristol Cathedral must be no-
ticed. That any work in this cathedral
has been commenced is, we trust, an omen
that the citizens of Bristol will ere long
take in hand the addition of a nave to that
fragment of a church which they now pos-
sess. At St. Paul's we have to chronicle
with approbation the alteration of the
choir and the renovation of the decorations
of the dome, soon, we trust, to be followed
by more extensive works, both ornamental
and ritual, in harmony with Wren's ori-
ginal conception, but guided by a more
correct ecclesiological taste.
" We hear with extreme satisfaction
that Mr. Guinness, a munificent citizen
of Dublin, intends to restore the ill-used
cathedral of St. Patrick. Mr. Slater has
nearly finished the works in Limerick
Cathedral.
" It is a new thing to hear of the re-
storation of the ruined English abbeys.
But we are informed that Brinkburn Priory
is about to be restored for divine worship
by Mr. Wilson, and there are rumours that
Netley Abbey will also be restored for
worship. Meanwhile excavations and re-
pairi there are in progress. At last, also,
the desecrated church in Dover Castle is
to be properly restored by Mr. Scott, as a
military chapeL
" Mr. Burges has completed a very ju-
dicious restoration in Waltham Abbey
Church ; and we hear that some improve-
ments are contemplated at Bridlington.
At Cambridge, the interior of the Uni-
versity Church is at last to be re-arranged;
and in the chapel of Queens* College Mr.
Bodlev has placed new stalls and a rere*
dos of a very original design.
" Abroad, the restoration of Throndlijem
Cathedral is contemplated by the Nor-
wegian government.
" Among the secular Pointed works the
prog^ress of the Oxford Museum is the
most important fact of the year, seeing
that the matter^of the Foreign Office is
still undecided. The selection of a Gothic
design for the Assize Courts at Manchester
and for the House of Parliament at Ottawa
are facts not to be forgotten as marking
the improvement of public taste. On the
other hand, Mr. Scott*s beautiful Pointed
design for a To^vn•hall at Halifax has been
superseded by one of a nondescript style
by the lamented Sir C. Barry, which was
little worthy of the genius of that eminent
architect ; and for the Cambridge Town-
hall a non-Pointed design has been chosen.
" In the matter of colour we have to
chronicle that of eight competitors for the
ecclesiological colour prize in connection
with the Architectural Museum. The
first premium was awarded to Mr. Simkin,
and the second (given by the President)
to Mr. Harrison, the first prizeman of last
year. For 1860 the Committee have
chosen a fraocment of the arch of the Porte
Rouge of Notre D&me, Paris, containing
i»
148
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
two figures, for the sabject of the prize.
Two members of our Committee have
laboured hard in this department of art
dnrin^ the year — Mr. Le Strange in the
magnificent scheme of painting the ro9f
of the nave of Ely, and Mr. Gkmbier Parry
in designing a dome for the space over the
chancel-arch of the church at Hisrhnam.
Mr. Poynter's painted ceiling at Waltham
Abbey must likewise be particularly men-
tioned.
" The continued success of the Ladies'
Ecclesiastical Embroidery Society must be
mentioned. More workers, however, are
■till wanted, and pecuniary aid is desired
towards the cost of frontals for Colombo
and Fredericton cathedrals.
" In recording tWs chronicle of eccle-
siological progress under its several aspects,
alike of design, construction, and orna-
ment, and where there is so much subject
for congratulation, the Committee cannot
but regret that, while so much of taste and
expense have been cheerfully contributed
both by founders and artists, the archi-
tectural movement, now more than a
quarter of a century old, has not yet pro-
duced a new church completely groined
throughout ; for without groining it can-
not be said that a Pointed church possesses
even the elements of completeness."
The following gentlemen were appointed
the Council of the Society for the ensuing
year : — F. H. Dickinson, Esq., Rev. S. S.
Ch*eatheed, Rev. T. Helmore, Rev. H. L.
Jenner, Rev. W. Scott, and Rev. B. Webb.
The following gentleloen were elected
auditors for the year : — ^The Rev. Sir H/
W. Baker, Bart., and Robert Smith, Esq.
A discussion took place on the subject
of seating churches with chairs, and it was
resolved to memorialize the Church Build-
ing Commissioners on the subject. The
President undertook to draw up the me-
morial, which, with the reply of the Se-
cretary-of the Commissioners, we print in
another page.
Instead of, as formerly, reading a paper,
a discussion was announced on " The Ten-
dencies of pre-Raffaelitism, and its Con-
nection with the Gothic Movement," which
was ably maintained, especially by Messrs.
Beresford-Hope and Burges on the one
side, and by Messrs. Street and Seddon on
the other. After the examination of some
church plate and decorations, the meeting
broke up ; but a committee meeting was
subsequently held, when, among other
business, Sjrdney G. R. Strong, Esq., of
108, Westboume-terrace, was elected an
or(]Unary member.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
Jfay 24. W. S. W. Vafx, Esq., Presi-
dent, in the chair.
Mr. Akerman exhibited a cast of a gold
coin lately found at Therficld, near Roys-
ton, Herts. It is of Louis le Debonnaire,
the successor of Charlemagne, or possibly
only a barbarous imitation of his coins.
The type of the reverse is a cross within
a wreath, with the legend mvkvs Dm-
KTM, and on the obverse are the head
and name of Louis, but the legends on
both sides of the coin are so barbarously
executed as to be with difficulty deci-
pherable.
Mr. Roach Smith exhibited, by permis-
sion of Mr. Edward Pretty, a penny of
Baldred, King of Kent, and of a type of
great rarity, but one other specimen being
known.
Mr. Roach Smith also exhibited a cast
of the third-brass coin of Caransius, with
the bust of the goddess Fortune, and the
legend fobtyka atg, in the cabinet of
the hite W. H. Rolfe, Esq., of Sandwich.
This coin is remarkable as having given
rise to the celebrated error of Stukeley,
who, misreading the legend, created an
empress of the name of obitki, and gave
her in marriage to Carausius.
Dr. Bialloblosky exhibited some thin
square brass pieces with Hebrew legends
stamped upon them, signifying " The visi-
tation of the sick." These he oonndered
to be of the nature of tokens, and given
to the sick in Heu of money, where the
customs of the Jews required an alms to
be given, even though pecuniary help was
not needed.
Mr. GK)ddard Johnson communicated
some remarks on the coins of the Con-
queror, with the word pazs upon them,
which he conudered to refer to a peace
with Scotland ; and also transmitted some
extracts from the corporation accounts of
I860.] Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland ArchaoL Soc. 149
Norwich between the years 1541 and 1549,
relating to the currency of that period.
Mr. Sims communicated an account of
a discovery of coins in the parish of Cum-
mertrees, in the county of Dumfries.
They were 195 in number, and consisted
of pennies of the following monarchs : —
Edward I. and II. of England ...^ 187
Alexander III. of Scotland 8
John Balliol 1
Foreign sterlings of John of Hain-
ault and Robert III. of Flanders 4
195
Mr. Evans exhibited casts of a remark-
ably fine and rare silver coin of Carausius,
in the possession of the Earl of Verulam,
and lately found upon the site of the
ancient city of Verulam. The legend of
the reverse is conseb. ayg., (Conserva-
tor Augusti,) with the device of Neptune
seated, holcUng in his right hand au
anchor, and in his left a trident. In re-
marking upon the coin, Mr. Evans ob-
served that there was something singu-
larly appropriate in representing Neptune
as the Conservator Augusti on the coins
of one who owed first his elevation to the
rank of high admiral of the Roman fieet,
and next his successful usurpation of the
imperial power in Britain, entirely to his
naval skill. The exergual letters rsb on
the coin, possibly point out Rutupium or
Riohborough as the place of the mintage
of this piece, which is altogether an ele-
gant and pleasing specimen of the me-
dallic art of the period.
Oeneral Meeting, June 21. W. S. W.
Vaux, Esq., President, in the chair.
The following officers and council were
elected for the ensuing year : —
FrenderU—W. S. W. Vaux, Esq., M.A.,
F.S.A., F.R.A.S.
Vtce-Presidewts — Edw. Hawkins, Esq.,
F.S.A., F.L.S.; John Lee, Esq., LL.D.,
F.R.o.
IVeasurer — George H. Virtue, Esq.,
F.^.A.
Secretaries — John Evans, Esq., F.S.A. ;
Fred. W. Madden, Esq.
J^eign Secretary — John Yonge Aker-
man, Esq., F.S.A.
Librarian — John Williams, E^q , F.S.A.
Members of the Council — J. B. Bergne,
Esq., F.S.A.; W. Boyne, Esq., F.S.A.;
Colonel Tobin Bush ; F. W. Fairholt,
Esq., F.S.A.; W. Freudenthal, Esq.; Capt.
Murchison; J. Q. Pfister, Esq.; J. W.
De SaUs, Esq. ; C. Roach Smith, Esq.,
F.S.A.; Hon. J. Leicester Warren; R.
Whitboum, Esq.. F.S.A. ; Edward Wigan,
Esq. r
KILKENNY AND SOUTH-EAST OF ICELAND ARCH^-
OLOGICAL SOCIETY.
May 9. At the adjourned May meet-
ing, in the Society's apartments, William-
street, the Rev. Chablbs A. Vigkolbs
in the chair, the following new members
were elected: — Arthur Nugent, Esq.,
Cranna, Portumna; Beiyamin W. Taylor,
Esq., Parsonstown ; D. C. O'Connor, Esq.,
M.D., Camden-place, Cork ; George Wy-
cherly, Esq., M.D., Charlotte Quay, Cork ;
Denis O'Connell, Esq., M.D., Flintfield,
CO. Cork ; John 0*Connell, Esq., Altamont,
CO. Cork ; Thomas Lane, Esq., Cork ; and
Mr. John O'Reilly, jun., Kilkenny.
The Rev. Dr. Spratt, Dublin, presented
to the museum the original brass matrix
of the seal of the Very Rev. James Ver-
schoyle, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. It
bore the Verschoyle arms of a chevron
between three boars* heads, impaling the
arms of the Deanery ; and the inscription,
— Jac. Vbbschoylb, LL.D., Deo. ec. oa.
8. Pat. Dub. ncs. mai. 3, 1794 — James
Verschoyle, LL.D., Dean of the Cathedral
Church of St. Patrick, Dublin ; installed
May 3, 1794. This dignitary was aftei^*
wards Bishop of Killala.
Maurice Lenehan, Esq., Liiherick, ptif-.'
sented a fragment of a cannon ball, ap-
parently a 24-pounder, dug up under the
curtain of the Black Battery of Limerick,
a relic of one of the sieges of that historic
city. Mr. Lenehan also sent for exhibi-
tion four coins, one of them a brass of the
Emperor Galba, turned up by a peasant
• t
150
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
whilst tilling his land in the county of
Limerick, which Mr. Lenehan said opened
a question as to how it had got into a
country where historians assert no soldier
of the Roman Empire had ever set his
foot. The three other coins were Lime-
rick tokens.
The Rev. James Mease laid hefore the
meeting two memorials of the Irish Re-
bellion of 1798. The first was a gold
ring, which he wished to deposit in the
museum, although it is not of much anti-
quarian value. Its history was this : — ^A
gentleman who had received some assist-
ance during that troubled period, made a
present of rings of the same kind to those
from whom he considered he had received
most support. The inscription on the
ring was "King and Constitution,
1798." The other memorial was the
oommtsnon of Theobald Wolf Tone as a
Qeneral of Division in the United Irish-
men. It is signed by James Napper
Tandy, and countersigned " E. Fitzgerald."
The letters are mostly copperplate; the
blanks being filled up in the writing of
Tandy. It is numbered 70,000. There
is an engraving of a harp surrounded by
oak-leaves, and the words, " It is now
strung and shall be heard ;" " Society of
United Irishmen of Dublin." The history
of the document as far as was known was
this. It was found by the Rev. James
Despard in the pocket-book of a deceased
brother ; but it is not known how it came
into the brother's hands. The family had
a good deal of communication with the
Castle of Dublin during the time of the
Rebellion, but it is very unlikely that this
parchment had ever been in the possession
of any of the Castle authorities, as in that
case it would not be likely to have been
parted with. It is more probable that
■ome of the Despard family found it with
some political prisoner and concealed it,
from motives of humanity, as the posses-
sion of such a document in those days
would have ensured his execution. There
is no date, but Mr. Mease had a faint re-
collection that when ho first saw it there
was 1795 upon it or the envelope. Of
this he was not quite certain.
The following is a copy of the curious
parchment document presented by Mr.
Mease : —
"SOOIfiTT OF UNITED ISISHHEN OF
DUBLIN.
" I hereby Certify that Theobald Wolf
Tone has been duly elected, and having
taken the Test provided in the Constitu-
tion has been admitted a Member of this
Society.
"James N. Tandy, Secretary.
"No. 70,000.
To be General of Division,
JS, Fitzgerald.
tt
«
»
The document had evidently been ori-
ginally bound with other similar forms in
a block-book, and the check-mark bore
the initial letters— S. of U. I. of D. •
The Rev. Samuel Hayman, of Yonghal,
sent for exhibition two inedited merchants'
'* tokens" struck in that town, viz., " Ro-
bert Tobens, Youghal and Dungarven,
1656," and " Thomas Cooke, 167 1 ." The
latter had been re-stamped with the word
"farthing" over "penni." Mr. Hayman
also announced that there existed another
inedited Youghal token in the collection
of Captain Edward Hoare, North Cork
Rifies, viz., — a second token of Peter Gk)d-
win — an eng^ving of which Capt. Hoare
intended to present to the Journal of the
Society.
The papers submitted to the meeting
were the following : —
" On a branch of the De Burgos (named
Qall Burgach by the Irish) of Gallstown,
County Kilkenny, ennobled in Austria,"
by John O' Donovan, Esq., LL.D. The
paper set out the original Austrian patent
of nobility and gprant of arms from the
Emperor to William Gall de Burgo, thus
created Count Qall Von Bourgkh of the
German Empire, in 1655; that nobleman
having been the son of Walter Gall De
Burgo, of Gallstown, M.P. for the county
of Kilkenny, a.d. 1560, and who was a
descendant of the Red Earl of Ulster.
"Genealogical Notes on the O'Shee
Family," by Mr. John CRdlly, jun., being
a copy of the record of births, deaths, and
marriages in her fkmily kept by the wife
* It has since been rendered almoat certain
that this doeoment is a fabrlcation.->£i>.
I860.] Leicestershire Architectural and Arch(Bological Soc. 151
of a Mr. William Shce, of Sheepstown,
county of Kilkenny, in the beginning of
the last century. Mr. O'Reilly's notes in
illustration of the documents were of much
local interest, as tending to trace the con-
nexion between some distinguished fami-
lies in France and the Shees of Sheeps-
town, by descent from scions of the
family who it appeared by this record left
Ireland to join the Irish Brigade in
France.
" On Cranoges, or ancient Irish Defen-
sive Habitations on Stockaded Islands in
Lakes," by £dward Benn, Esq.
"On the Plantation of Idrone," by J.
P. Prendergast, Esq., Barrister-at-law.
The Society adjourned to the first Wed-
nesday in July.
LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTTJRAX AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
April 80. At the April meeting, the
Rev. W. B. MooBE in the chair, among
other matters, Mr. Qresley exhibited two
compartments, each about 17 inches in
diameter, of a medallion window of the
end of the thirteenth century, obtained
last summer by Sir Thomas Gresley at
Nuremberg. One of them represents the
Resurrection of our Lord. He has put
aside the lid of the tomb, which is ruby
with three trefoil ornaments in blue, and
is stepping out of it, with His right hand
uplifted in benediction, and His left hold-
ing a cross, from which hangs a singular
pennon, the lower half of which is di-
vided, as usual, into three streamers, sup-
posed to be emblematic of the Holy Tri-
nity. Around His head is a nimbus. His
dress is of ruby, green, and yellow. The
two soldiers wear hauberks of ring, or
banded, mail, covering the body, arms,
and hands. Coifs or hoods of mail cover
their heads. At the back of the head and
below the chin may be seen a loose por-
tion of the hauberk, which could be drawn
up over the lower part of the fiEice, and
fixed by a strap which encircled the fore-
head. Silken surooats, ruby and yellow,
without sleeves, are worn over the hau*
berk. Such was the armour worn in Eng-
land daring the reign of King Henry III.
The other medallion appears to represent
the treacherous murder of Amasa by
Joab, as recorded 2 Sam. xx. 8 — 10. The
figures are not in armour. Joab's head is
uncovered. His dress is of blue, with
an ornamented yellow border round the
neck; and in his right hand he holds a
short strong da^er. His left arm ap-
pears to be laid upon Amasa's shoulders.
Amasa wears a yellow cap, turned up with
fur. The sleeves of his under vest are of
ruby, over which he wears a long loose
yellow cloak, with a kind of cape. The
leg^ of both figures have hosen, those of
Joab being white, and Amasa's green.
The ruby which forms the ground of this
medallion is remarkably rich. These me-
dallions exhibit a considerable advance in
the art of painting on glass beyond those
of the early part of the thirteenth century.
The proportions of the figures are better
preserved, and the draperies are treated in
a broader, more easy, and natural style.
An easy and graceful attitude is given to
standing figures, by slightly swaying the
body backwards, and resting its weight on
one leg, somewhat after the manner of the
antique. This position was often exag-
gerated to an absurd degree. The heads
of this period are more delicate and re-
fined than previously, but do not lose any
of their force or vigour of character. The
features continue to be strongly outlined,
and a varied and natural expression is im-
parted to the eye and eyebrow. No at-
tempt is made to distinguish the iris of
the eye fVom the pupil, the whole being
represented by one black dot. The hair
and beard are generally drawn in flowing
locks, boldly expressed by the varying
thickness of the outline. (See Winston's
"Ancient Glass Painting.") Another piece
of glass, from Dresden, has the date IGOl,
and representations of several saints.
One, with the name of S. lACOB on it,
(the brother of John, '* slain with the
sword,") is remarkable as containing an
old painting of the ancient instrument of
decapitation, which was in use in £ng-
152
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
land, at Halifax, as late as 1650, and sub-
sequently obtained the name of guillotine,
from its having been proposed to the Na-
tional Assembly of France for adoption,
early in the Revolution, by M. Guillotin,
of Lyons, a physician. The guillotine in
the glass exhibited does not appear to be
so high as the soldiers who stand by it.
St. James kneels, and places his neck upon
the block. The executioner is setting the
axe at liberty with his left hand.
Mr. Wing read a paper upon Church-
yard Crosses, of which we shall give the
substance at an early opportunity.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND.
May 21. At the Royal Institution,
Pbofessoe Simpson, V.-P., in the chair,
W. E. Hope Vere, Esq., of Craigie-hall,
and James Neish, Esq., of The Laws and
Omachie, were admitted fellows.
Mr. Stuart reported that the Society's
Circular to the Schoolmasters of Scotland,
regarding objects of historical interest,
was ready for distribution, and called at-
tention to the donation now announced
of a collection of stone implements from
Mr. Gibb, schoolmaster at Aldbar in For-
farshire, as an earnest of the result which
might be expected from the Society's ap-
peal, and as an evidence of what might be
accomplished by well-directed efforts. Mr.
Gibb has for some years collected, through
the instrumentality of his pupils, any ac-
cessible objects of antiquity in his own
neighbourhood, and has now presented to
the National Museum a selection made by
the Secretary.
The following communications were then
read: —
I. Account of Ancient Remains on the
Summit of the Laws, Forfarshire. By
James Neish, Esq., of The Laws. With a
Plan and Drawings. Communicated by
Mr. Stuart, Secretary.
Mr. Neish gave a minute account of ex-
cavations made by him in this ancient fort
or building, with references to a plan of
the ruin. The top of the hill seems to
have been surrounded by a boundary wall,
and within this were various subsidiary
erectionfi, of unusual shape, and indeed
resembling nothing yet discovered. The
centre of the hill was occupied by a cir-
cular wall approached by a narrow pas-
sage. The enclosed surface is paved with
flags, undt*r which have been found querns,
bones, and ornaments of bronze. On the
east end are various parallel walls of a
5
circular shape and unusual arrangement.
All over the summit of the hill, but espe-
cially at the bottom of the walls, were
found bones of the ox, boar, horse, deer,
&c. In some places human bones were
discovered. On the top of the hill is a
great quantity of black soil with a slight
mixture of stones which have been mostly
subjected to the action of fire. In some
places are masses of vitrified stones, and
in many places the stones appear to have
been in the fire. Masses of charred wheat
and barley were dug up, and oyster and
other sea shells. Mr. Neish's paper was
illustrated by a ground-plan, and by some
beautiful sketches contributed by Mr.
Chambers.
Mr. Stuart read notes on the subject
of the paper, and pointed out some ana-
logies of construction in the objects dis-
covered, and between the ruins in the
Laws and the chambered cairns at Kettle-
bum in Caithness, and Dowth in Ireland.
II. Concordia facta inter Anglicot et
ScotoSy 3 Jan. 1323; and copies of three
Pupal Bulls connected with Scotland in
1347 and 1371. Communicated by Pro-
fessor Munch of Christiana, hoiL member
of the Society, in a letter to Mr. D.
Laing, V.P.S.A. Scot.
Mr. Laing explained that Professor
Munch had been employed by his own
government to examine the archives in
the Vatican for materials to illustrate the
early history of Denmark, and in doing so
that he had noted and copied various
documents relating to interesting points
in the history of SootUnd. Of these, the
documents now submitted to the meeting
were a portion, which were explained by
Mr. Laing, and regarded by the meeting
as curious and interesting.
From the lateness of the hour, the re-
I860.]
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
158
maining papers on the list were reserved
to another meeting.
Among the donations to the moseum
were the following from Mr. Gihh : —
1. Two stone hammers, one of them in
the process of formation, found in Forfar-
shire ; 2. Two stone knives, found in Shet-
land ; 8. Two stone whorles, one of them
ornamented; 4. One flint arrow-head,
found in Forfarshire.
June 4. LoBD Neayes, one of the VToe-
Presidents, in the chair.
The following communications were rejid
hj the Secretary : —
1. On the use of Bronze and Iron in
Ancient Egypt, with reference to General
Archaeology. By A. H. Rhind, Esq., Hon.
Mem. S.A. Scot.
Mr. Rhind referred to the common opi-
nion that the absence of iron relics among
the innumerable spoils from the older
tombs of Egypt has to be accounted for
by the natural tendency of that metal to
rapid decomposition, likely also to be hasten-
ed by the nitrous soil of the country. That
this opinion was unfounded Mr. Rhind
shewed by referring to the various articles
of iron found by himself in an unrifled
tomb at Thebes, and which after a period
of two thousand years were as lustrous
and pliant as on the day they left the
forge. A discussion followed on the early
history of iron and bronze, in which Pf^-
fessor Simpson, Lord Neaves, and Mr.
Robertson took part.
2. Notice of Underground Chambers re-
cently excavated on the Hill of Cairncon-
non, For&rshire. By John Stuart, Esq.,
Secretary S.A. Scot.
A circular house, with adjoining gpal-
leries or passages, all under ground, has
been recently to some extent excavated
under the superintendence of Mr. Jervise
of Brechin, at the instance of some gentle-
men in the neighbourhood. Remains of a
similar kind in other parts of Scotland, as
well as in England and Ireland, were de-
scribed; but until the chambers at Caim-
oonnon are more thoroughly cleared out,
it will be unpossible to classify them with
any others. The value of correct plans
and drawings of these early monuments
GuTT. Mie. Vol. CCIX«
was enlarged upon, and a hope expressed
that the small sum necessary to complete
the present excavations would be contri-
buted by the members.
8. On the Connection between Scot-
land and the Council of Constance in the
Fifteenth Century. By John Small, Esq.,
A.M., Librarian to the University.
Mr. Small, after alluding to the dis-
tinguished persons who had been deputed
by the Church of England to represent
that country in the famous Council of
Constance in the year 1415, gave some
account of the very singular controversy
which arose in Scotland relative to its
being represented also at the same CounclL
It would appear from Fordun that the
Council of Constance sent the Abbot of
Pontignac to Scotland to induce the
Scottish Church to withdraw their allegi-
anoe from Pope Benedict XIII. Accord-
ingly a great assembly (or, as Lord Hailea
thinks, a Scottish Parliament) was held at
Perth in 1417. The Regent Albany, who
at that time governed Scotland, espoused
the side of Benedict, and appointed an
English friar — Robert Harding — to plead
the cause of that Pope, the tenour of
whose argument was, that the Scottish
Church should allow the Coundl of Con-
stance, which he likened to twelve ele-
phants, to bellow and shout, while it,
being as it were the keystone of the whole,
would, by continuing to adhere to Bene-
dict, prevent the unanimous election of
Martin V., and thus muntain a certain
degree of support for Benedict. Harding,
however, was so much opposed by the pro-
fessors of the then newly-instituted Uni-
veraity of St. Andrews, and by John Foggo,
a monk of Melrose, afterwards abbot of
that monastery, who proved him guilty of
misquoting a passage of Scripture to suit
his views, that the cause of Benedict was
lost. Harding died shortly afterwards at
Lanark, and an end was thus put to the
controversy — the Scotch withdrew from
Benedict, and adhered to Martin — a cir-
cumstance which Fordun says was de-
clared by all to be creditable to their
singular steadiness and constancy. -
4. Notice respecting a Bronze Tripod
Vessel with an Insa'iption, found at Hex*
V
154
Antiqtiarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
ham. Illustrated by a Drawing, and Cast
of Inscription. By William D. Fairless,
M.D., Montrose.
This curioos vessel was recently found
in draining a bog in the vicinity of the
Linnels, near to Hexham. It is of a com-
mon shape, and has on it an inscription as
follows : — BENB BEIT Ki BEN BEIT, mean-
ing, ' A blessing on him who drinks well.'
It is supposed, from the character of the
writing, that the date of the vessel may
be the fourteenth century.
Mr. Burton exhibited rubbings of some
of the beautiful crosses of Argyllshire, and
drew attention to the great number of
them to be found on the west coast of
Scotland. He suggested the great value
of a collection of drawings of these re-
mains, and stated his belief that many
points of analogy between them and the
crosses on the east coast would be found.
A general interest in the subject was
manifested, and the Chairman expressed
his hope that it would ere long be fol-
lowed out.
SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
JuM 27. The seventh Annual Meeting
was held at Reigate, under the presidency
of the Hon. W. J. Monson, M.P.
Though the weather was unfavourable,
the company assembled in considerable
strength at the Merstham station, at 11
o'clock, and visited in succession the
churches of Merstham, Chipstead, and
Chitton, at each of which lectures on its
history and architecture were given, by
Alfred Heales, Esq., F.S.A., the Rev. P.
Aubertin, and the Rev. J. C. Wynter.
Gatton church, as restored by the late
Lord Monson, was much admired. The
fittings of the interior were mostly pur-
chased by his lordship in Belgium during
the confusion of the revolution of 1830,
and thus rescued from farther desecration.
The painted glass, the wainscoting of the
nave, and the canopies, it was stated, came
from the monastery of Aiirschot, near
Louvaine ; the communion-table from Nu-
remberg; the communion- rails from Ton-
gres ; the carved doon from Rouen ; and
the stalls once belonged to a Benedictine
monastery at Ghent. The Gothic screen
at the west end of the nave was procured
by Lord Monson from an English church
after it had been consigned by a warden
to the flames. The pulpit corresponds in
colour and in general tenour with the rest
of the oak work. They then repaired to
Gatton Hall, where, by permission of Sir
Hugh Cairns, the present occupant, the bu-
siness of the Society was transacted in the
Marble-hall, erected a few years ago by
the late Lord Konson.
The auditors reported the finandal po-
sition as satisfactory. They said, —
** Your auditors have examined the ac-
counts of the Society from Jan. 1st, 1859,
to Dec. Slst, 1859, and also up to the
time of the decease of the late hon. sec.
(Mr. G. B. Webb).
" They have the melancholy satis&ction
of stating that the several statements of
the accounts by the late Mr. G. B. Webb
are borne out by the several vouchers.
'<It appears that the sum of £396
Is. lOd. new 3 per cent, annuities is in-
vested, equal to £380, and stands to the
credit side of the Surrey Archseological
Society in the banker's book, which sum is
duly invested according to the rules of
the Society.
" The stock, consisting of the library,
museum, and publications, are set down at,
we think, a moderate valuation of £125,
making a total of £505, the liabilities of
the past year amounting to £130 13s. 8d."
The Council in their report stated that
the number of members was 606, being
an increase of 82 in the last year.
"The Council fully expected to have
produced at this meeting the Third Part of
the Society's Journal, but owing to the
decease of Mr. G. B. Webb, whose loes
the Society deeply lament, some delay has
been occasioned; they trust, however,
that the Transactions will be ready for
delivery to members early in August.
"Some progress, also, has been made
with Part IV., which will be issued early
next year.
** The Council beg to call particular at-
tention to the illustration fund, and to
point out that owing to the liberality of a
few members of the Society, k facsimile of
a most interesting document will appear
I860.]
Surrey ArchcBoloyical Society.
155
in Part III., which otherwise the funds at
their disposal would not have allowed.'
it
The reports were adopted, the Presi-
dent, Vice-Presidents, and officers re-
elected, and Mr. H. W. Sass (who had
acted as Hon. Sec. since the decease of
Mr. Bish Webh) appointed to the secre-
taryship. Messrs. Goodfroy and Richard-
son were named auditors for the ensuing
year, and after the usual votes of thanks,
including a special one to Sir Hugh
Cairns, the party quitted the Hall, and
proceeded to Reigate parish church. Here
W. Hart, Esq., F.S.A., gave a description
of the edifice, from which we extract a
few passages : —
The church was dedicated to St. Mary
Magdalen, and consisted of north and
south usles, and a principal, or high chan-
cel, with two side chancels. They had
no definite account of the erection of the
church, and, therefore, they could only
approximate to a probable date by a com-
parison of its architectural details. The
idea that the church was of the Perpen-
dicular period was erroneous, for it was
clear that there were several periods visi-
ble earlier than the former period. The
oldest portion was evidently the nave,
which was of semi- Norman work ; and he
should not be far wrong in assigning the
erection of it to a period about 1150 —
1200. Indeed, Mr.Palgrave in his Hand-
book to Reigate, just published, endea-
voured to fix the date still more exactly
by reducing the period to 1175 — 1200,
and he suggested that, from a similarity
in the capitals, this might be the handi-
work of the architects superintended by
the Norman, William of Sens, who was
engaged at that time in the reconstruc-
tion of the choir of Canterbury Cathedral ;
the suggestion, Mr. Hart thought, was
worthy of attention. The next in date
was the north aisle, the west window of
which, consisting of two lights with sphe-
rical triangle above, denoted that it be-
longed to a late period of the Early English
style. Next in chronological order came
the chancels, which were of the Perpen-
dicular period, although in the late resto-
rations the original features have not been
preserved. The south porch and tower
were of the same period. After a further
description of the principal chancel, he
said, as important a feature as any in that
part was the altar-piece, or reredos, which
was discovered in pulling down the oak
panelling bearing the commandments in
the year 1845, and which was restored as
far as possible, with the exception of the
colours, to its pristine condition, as tliey
then saw it. This altar-piece was described
by Mr. Caporn, at a meeting at Winchester
of the British ArchaK)logical Association.
In reft-rring to the alterations made in
the east window, he said the restorations
had not produced it in its integrity, as
should have been done; and this remark
applied to other windows. Windows
should not be altered from Perpendicular
to Decorated, or from Decorated to Early
English, in order to please a passing fancy,
because thereby all trace of architectural
evidence was utterly destroyed, and it
became a difficulty for one like himself,
without any knowledge of the church be-
fore its restoration, except from the in-
formation of others, to avoid misleading
them. On the north side of the north
chancel was a vestry erected in the year
1513, by John Kenner, over the door of
which was a brass, containing a Latin in-
scription to the memory of that individual.
After mentioning the interesting volumes
in a library over this vestry, he stated
that the north chancel had in all pro-
bability an altar at its upper end, but all
traces were now lost; not so, however,
with the south chancel ; there was ample
evidence to shew that there was formerly
an altar, as the credences still remained
in the south wall. There was a peculiarity
about that niche which was worthy of re-
mark, namely, that at the four comers
were four notches just in the same posi-
tion as they would place hinges for a door,
but it could scarcely have been the case
in this instance, though he had no doubt
it was some corresponding contrivance in
reference to a door ; he, however, left the
snbject open to conjecture. It might have
been a chantry altar, or it might have
appertained to the priory hard by ; it was
not possible to say, without diving deeply
into the records of the old Court of Aug-
mentations. The screen was good, and
fortunately had not been mutilated by
the introduction of glass, as was too often
the case. The oldest monument in the
church consisted of the effigies of the
Richard Elyots, (father and son,) who lived
at the mflusion called the Lodge, and who
died in 1609. The mutilated kneeling figure
of a lady beneath the arch in the south
chancel wall was Katherine Elyot, daugh-
ter of Richard Eiyot. She died in 1623.
There was also a monument to Sir Edward
Hurland, a faithful servant of Charles I.,
and an esteemed friend of Jeremy Taylor,
but this had been swept away by alter-
ations. Another monument had been
156
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Aug.
taken away, but was not destroyed, as it
was then lying in the belfry. It was to
the memory of Lieat. Bird, who "had
the misfortune to kill the waiter at a
tavern, near Gk)lden-8qnare, and for this
he was hanged in 1718." In a large
yaalt beneath the chancel was buried Lord
Howard of Effingham, and the first and
second Earls of Nottingham. Mr. Hart
condaded his discourse by suggesting the
removal of a gallery on the north aisle of
the church, which, as it then was, spoiled
the appearance of the arches; and he
thought that if this alteration were made,
and the organ gallery taken down, this
church, although in its present state it
was one of great ecclesiastical correctness,
would then be a beautiful and fair speci-
men amongst the fine old churches of this
country.
The Priory t the seat of the Right Hon.
Jlarl Somers, was the next point. Notice
was particularly directed to a beautiful
oak mantel-piece, brought from Nonsuch,
and the valuable collection of paintings.
The Baron^ Cave was also visited, the
passages having been lighted up for the
occasion. When the company assembled
in the principal passage, Mr. John Lees
(of Reig^te) made some general remarks.
He said the history of the castle was very
incomplete. We only knew that for ages
it belonged to the Warren family, changed
hands at last, and in the time of James I.
was described as in possession of Sir Roger
James. It was demolished in 1648 or 49,
by order of the Parliament. The Barons'
Cave is approached from the portion known
as the Castle Keep, being the mound on
which the keep once stood, where there
is a small pyramid, erected in 1777, and
under which access is obtained to the cave
by a flight of uneven fione steps. The
cave consists of an extennvc chamber lead-
ing out of a straight passage cut in the
•and rock, having a pointed-arch roof also
hewn out in the sand rock, and extending
to a distance of 235 feet. The pointed
arch was considered by some to denote
the age of the cave, but inasmuch as it
varied throughout the whole length, he
did not attach much importance to that
consideration. Nearly at the foot of the
steps, in a low vault, was a " bed-cham-
ber," (?) and at a short distance beyond
that they came to the Barons* Cave, which
is 123 feet long, 11 feet wide, and 13 feet
high. Although he of course did not be-
lieve the tradition that Magna Charta was
drawn up by the Barons in that place, it,
no doubt, in those unsettled times afibrded
a secure repository for stores and trea-
sures, and might have been used as a
council-chamber. At the end of the pas-
sage, an opening leading southward, and
which was then stopped up, was said to
have formed the entrance to a passage
leading to the Priory, but there was no
evidence that such was the case, and he
was inclined to think that it might have
been a sally-port into the moat, or it
might have led to a well to supply the
castle with water, as it was filled up with
earth foreign to the soil.
The dinner at the White Hart Hotel
was weU attended, the Hon. Mr. Monson
presiding, but being obliged to leave early,
he was succeeded by Mr. T. Hart, (local
secretary,) and the proceedings closed
with a conversazione at the Town-hall,
where a temporary museum had been
formed. A large and superb collection
of antique rings of great value, exhibited
by the Rev. J. Beck, was the gem of the
museum. There was also, inter aUa, a
bronze curfew; a large leather jack from
the collection of Henry Catt, Esq., exhi-
bited by the Rev. J. Beck, who also sent
—Madame du Barri's watch ; a royal As-
syrian signet in chalcedony, from Niveveh ;
a fine specimen of an old ivory triptych,
of French work; writing-case of Oliver
Cromwell; crest of a Roman soldier's
helmet, in bronze. Fragments of an an-
cient Egyptian calendar were furnished
by Thomas Hart, Esq., a decorative brick
with a head probably of the King of Spain,
which was found in Thames-street. There
were also many ''rubbing^" of monu-
mental brasses of great antiquity, and a
vast number of other things. During the
evening, lectures were delivered in the
Town-hall ; the Rev. Mr. Mayhew, of New-
degate, discoursed on geology, &c; Mr.
W. J. Hart, on the library at the parish
church, which numbers 117 volumes ; and
Mp. Richardson upon the various stales
of binding books, tracing their history
from the earliest times.
I860.]
Discovery of a Roman Villa, 8^c.
157
WORCESTER ARCH^OLOGICAL CLUB.
At the April meetiDg, Mr. J. Noake
(of the ** Worcester Herald") read a paper
(the ontline of an intended work) on the
history of the Catholics of Worcester sub-
sequent to the Reformation, and that of
the various Dissenting denominations in
that city from their origin, drawn up from
the local records, as also the books belong-
ing to the Catholics, Independents, Qua-
kers, Baptists, Countess of Huntingdon's
Society, and Wesleyans. The history of
the Catholics included an account of the
share which some of the Worcestershire
ones bore in the Gunpowder Plot, and
detuls of the execution of Father Old-
come at Worcester, as also the execution
of Father Wall in the same city just after
Titus Oates's plot. Some monstrous mira-
cles, said to have been wrought at Wor-
cester at the death of these men, as pub-
lished in Jesuit works at Rome and St.
Omer's, were also given. Much of the
history of this Church is involved in dark-
ness ; but in reference to the other deno-
minations of Christians, their records, or
copies of them, appear to have been well
preserved. The Quakers especially seem
to have been heavily oppressed. The
Baptist and Independent records abound
with interest, being associated with re-
miniscences of Baxter, Tombs, and many
other Nonconformists of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries.
At the May meeting a paper was read
by Mr. E. Lees on '* The Localities where
Celtic and Roman relics have been found
in Worcestershire,** a subject which was
treated with much ability. A discusnon
afterwards took place with reference to
the fate of the Guesten Hall, and the
Club then acyourned their meetings till
September.
DISCOVERY OF A ROMAN VILLA OR STATION IN THE PARISH
OF NORTH WRAXHALL, WILTS.
A PIELD at the north-western extremity
of the parish of North Wraxhall has long
been known by the residents in the neigh-
bourhood as the site of some buildings of
the Roman period. It bears the name of
the "CoflBn gpround," from the circum-
stance of a stone sarcophagus having been
dug up there towards the commencement
of the century, containing a skeleton at
lull length.
In the course of the autumn of 1858,
the farm, which is the property of Lord
Methuen, passed into the hands of a new
tenant, who, finding the stones in the
way of his plough, employed labourers to
remove them, and thus brought to light
the walls of several small rooms.
Mr. Poulett Scrope, who had watched
these proceedings with much interest,
thereupon oommumcated with Lord Me-
thuen, and was requested by his Lord-
ship to direct further excavations. Four
men were set to work, in December last,
and have cleared the foundation walls
of one entire building, measuring about
130 feet by 36, and containing more than
sixteen separate rooms, passages, or courts,
and traced out several other walls ex-
tending over the area of two or three acres
already mentioned. Parts of these be-
longed probably to other houses, barracks
perhaps, or farm buildings, while some
seem to have been the enclosures of yards
or gardens.
The principal building, already almost
entirely excavated, was probably the villa,
or habitation of a person of some import-
ance, perhaps a landed proprietor, or the
commanding officer of a military station.
The length of the building, as shewn by
the dimensions given above, greatly ex-
ceeds its breadth. It stretches nearly
north and south. The southern extremity
is occupied by a series of five or six small
chambers communicating with one an-
other by doorways, and all having floors
** suspended" over Hypocausts, or arched
ranges of hot flues. Four of these possess
semicircular recesses at one end, one of
them being occupied by a stone batb, the
158
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Aug.
front of which is nnfortmiately hroken.
Considerable interest attaches to this nest
of rooms, inasmnch as their arrangement
corresponds most accurately with that
usually practised in Roman themuB, as de-
scribed by Sir W. Gell in his Pompeiana,
and as recommended by Vitruvius.
At the opposite or northern extremity
of this range of building are three or four
chambers communicating with each other,
and which, from the superior character of
their masonry to that of the intermediate
apartments, may be presumed to have
formed the living or sleeping-rooms of the
master of the house. None of these rooms
have hypocausts, nor were their floors
found entire ; but the occurrence of nume-
rous squared tessella in the rubbish filling
them seemed to shew that they once pos-
sessed tesselated pavements. The walls
generally are well built of ranged courses
of the stone of the country, partly dressed
and faced with the axe or chiseL The
quoins especially are as well squared and
built as the very best modem masonry of
the neighbourhood. In parts of the foun-
dation walls extending over the larger
area, very massive squared stones were
found, probably the bases either of pillars
or heavy stone door-posts.
The buildings were formerly covered
with heavy stone roofing tiles of fissile,
reddish-grey sandstone, of the coal mea-
sures, which must have been brought from
the Bristol coal-field, many miles distant.
These are all of an elongatedhexagonalform,
neatly cut, shewing the nail-hole, and in
many cases the nail itself, by which they
were fastened to the timber roof. Great
numbers of such tile% whole or in frag-
ments, are scattered through the rubbish.
Numerous other objects of art were found
in the course of the excavations, mostly of
course in a fragmentary state, such as
pieces of pottery, chiefly of the dark brown,
black, or blue sorts ; in one of the hypo-
caust chambers — that which has been called
the Tepidarium — three entire jars of black
earthenware were found resting against
the wall, upon or within the hot flue, each
having a cover upon it, and really convey-
ing the impression that they had contained
a portion of the last meal prepared by the
inhabitants of the house before its final
desertion or destruction. Among other
articles met with, were two small brace-
lets, two bronze spoons, some beads, bone
pins, and fifteen bronze coins ; one of these
is a very fine large brass of Tr^'an ; the
rest small brasses of the Lower Empire,
Constantine, Constantius, Valens, &c. It
may be remarked that every object that
has yet turned up bears exclusively a
Roman character, from which it is to be
presumed that these buildings were com-
pletely destroyed towards the close of the
occupation of the district by the Romans,
and that the site was not subsequently oc-
cupied by any later inhabitants. Probably
it was soon after that date overgrown with
wood, of which it was, indeed, only cleared
about thirty years since, when the plough
was for the first time inserted among the
ruins. Hence their comparative preser-
vation. There are, however, indications
of the temporary habitation of some por-
tions of the buildings after a first epoch of
spoliation and partial destruction, in the
walling-up of some doorways by inferior
masonry, &c. And many parts of the
walls have been broken up, probably in
very recent times, either because they were
in the way of the cultivator, or for the
purpose of using the materials in building
the field walls and a neighbouring bam.
Indeed, many squared and faced stones of
Roman work may be recognised in these
situations. Among the rubbish within and
about the buildings, occur a great number
of bones, — mostly of swine, sheep, oxen,
deer, &c., but some of them human. Several
deers' antlers and wild boars' tusks were
met with; some of the former had been
fashioned into rude implements. Oyster-
shells also abound ; so that the inhabitants
appear to have lived well. The internal
walls of the rooms had clearly been lined
with stucco, and painted in fresco. The
patterns in the fragments remaining are
generally rather rude stripes of difierent
colours, sometimes crossed diamond-wise,
with a flower or bud in the centre, or
attached to each stripe. No inscription
has yet been met with.
The spot is inaccessible by wheel car-
riages, except from the side of North
I860.]
Miscellanea.
159
Wraxhall village, where a bad parish
highway leads to within a couple of fields
of it;. On the Castle Combe side it can
only be reached on foot, by crossing the
deep glen which bounds the station to the
north. It may be worth mentioning that
on the point of the opposite hill on that
side, the labourers, many years back, when
digging up the ground for the plant(ition
now g^wing there, met with a stone slab
having the figure of a hunter spearing a
stag sculptured on it, together with a heap
of some hundred brass coins, chiefly of the
Lower Roman Empire. And on the con-
tinuation of the same hill towards Castle
Combe, several spots shew vestiges of
Roman occupation, as indeed is the case
on many other points of the range of
heights traversed by the Great Military
Foss road from Bath to Cirencester, which
passes through both the parishes of Castle
Combe and North Wraxhall.
MISCELLAISTEA.
Roman Remains in Feance.— Several
interesting discoveries have recently been
made in casual excavations for the foun-
dations of new buildings. Thus the work-
men employed in digging the foundations
for a new theatre at Toulon, found the
walls of an ancient villa about two metres
below the surface. A little lower, several
pieces of mosaic were discovered, which
were removed to the Toulon Museum.
These objects of art belong to a period
posterior to the Roman conquest. A
metre below the mosaics several tombs
were found, containing quantities of hu-
man bones; the bodies had all been laid
to face the east.
In the department of the Alier, while
digging foundations for enlarging the hos-
pital at N^ris-les-Baius, there have been
discovered three fine caryatides, evidently
once forming part of a frieze. One of
them has the head of Jupiter Olympus,
another that of Juno, and the third is
an allegorical figure of Grief, remarkably
well executed. They are all of the coarse
sandstone which abounds in the environs
ofN^rifl.
In addition to these discoveries, the
systematic excavations which have been
in progress for some time past near Vienne
(Is^re) still continue, with more than usual
success. Several bronze and iron relics
have recently been found. Among them
are the flat end of a stylus, a spear-head,
an elegant earthen vase, and a bronze
bell ; but the most curious and best pre-
served article is a kind of hollow bronze
ball, eight inches in circumference, pre-
senting thirteen facettes, with a hole
in each, and projecting studs at the
angles.
Roman Relics at Wobcbstee. — Some
labourers digging for sand near the site
of the old bowling-green at Diglis, and
within two hundred yards of the Severn,
recently discovered a quantity of ancient
pottery and a copper coin of Domitian, in
good preservation, as also some bones.
Much of the pottery was broken, frag-
ments of eight or nine vessels being picked
up. There was, however, a complete sau-
cer, of red or Samian ware, and part of
another ; a jar, or basin, six inches across
and six inches deep, of brown baked ware ;
two bottles, or vases, of light ware, with
handles, small necks, and globular bodies,
like the sack-bottles of the middle of the
seventeenth century. One of these bottles
was nine inches high, and the other six
inches. There is no doubt of these re-
mains being Roman, but being found only
a yard beneath the surface of the soil, it
is probably not a Roman deposit, espe«
cially as other fragments of pottery of a
much later date were found with them.
The site in question is not many yards
from the mound whereon once stood the
castle of Worcester, commanding a ford
in the Severn. Old maps do not indicate
any house as standing on the spot, but
remains of foundations shew that at a
period not very far distant a builcUng of
some kind stood there. The relics were
found imbedded in the soil without any
space around them, or any remains of
masonry or other contrivance for pre-
serving them, nor do they appear to have
been buried in a regular order.
160
[Aug.
Cortti^pontintce of Sglbantiti Withnn.
Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, but in order that a copy of the Gentleman's M agazinb containing
their Comnmnications mag be forwarded to them,"]
NOTES OF CORONATIONS.
Mb. TJbban, — In the Library of Westminster Abbey is a collection of
forms of royal consecrations, which is a sealed volume to the public, but
in the British Museum are several MSS. which contain similar informa-
tion. A summary of some of these will, I trust, be acceptable to your
readers.
I am, &c.
Mackekzie Walcott, M.A.
COEONATION OP STEPHEN.
On St. Stephen's Day, 1135, Stephen of their oath of allegiance, saying that it
Blois was crowned king by the Primate bound them only if the Crown maintained
and the BiBhops of Winton and Sarum, the privileges of the Church and their
hut both prelates and barons qualified order. " Pax Domini" was not g^ven.
CORONATION OP RICHARD I.
On September 11, 1189, King Richard
I. and Queen Eleanor were crowned by
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury. A
dreadful portent, not to be uttered in a
whisper, occurred : the first peal was rung
at compline, by hands unseen, so that no
bells chimed for vespers : *' a presage of
portentous omen," gravely enough wrote
Richard of Devizes. Roger de Hoveden
was better employed when he painted the
brilliant pageant. ** First came the bishops
and the abbots, and the clergy robed in
copes of silk, the acoly thes, bearing tapers
and thuribles, going before with the cross
and holy water, even to the door of the
King's inner chamber, and there they re-
ceived the Duke Richard, who was to be
crowned, and led him to the church of
Wedtminster, up to the high altar, with
well-ordered procession, and glorious sing-
ing ; and all the way by which they went
from the door of the King's chamber
to the high altar was covered with Unen
clothes. Thb was the order of procession :
6
there came four barons bearing four golden
candlesticks ; then came Qodfrey de Lucy
carrying the King's bonnet, and John
Marshall next him, bearing two golden
spurs, large and heavy ; then came William
Marechal, Earl de Strigueil, bearing the
King's gold sceptre, and on the top thereof
was a golden cross ; and William, Earl of
Salisbury, next him bare a golden rod,
bearing on the top a dove of gold. Then
came David, the Scotch king's brother.
Earl of Huntingdon, and John, Earl of
Morton, the Duke's brother, and Robert,
Earl of Leicester, bearing three golden
swords taken from the King's treasury,
the scabbards thereof being wrought about
from the top with g^ld ; and in the midst
walked the Earl of Morton. Then came
fax. earls and six barons, carrying upon
their shoulders one cushion, exceeding
large, and upon it were laid the King's
ornaments and his robes. Then came Wil-
liam Mandeville, Earl of Albemarle, car-
rying the great and heavy crown of gold.
I860.]
Notes of Coronations.
161
on every side adorned with precious
Btones.
"Then came Richard, Duke of Nor-
mandy, and Hugh of Durham on his
right hand, and Reginald, Bishop of Bath,
went on his left hand; and four barons
bare over them a canopy of silk upon four
tall staves, and all the multitude of the
earls, and barons, and knights, and others,
clerks and laymen, followed into the court
of the church, and, robed, went up with
the Duke into the choir. When the Duke
came unto the altar in the presence of the
archbishops, and bishops, and clergy, and
people, kneeling down on his knees before
the altar, the Holy Gospels being laid
thereon, and the reliques of many Sidnts,
as the custom is, he sware that he would
bear peace, and honour, and reverence to
God and holy Church, and her ordinances,
all the days of his life. Then ho sware to
administer true justice and equity to the
people committed to his charge. Then he
sware that he would destroy evil laws and
wicked customs whatsoever which had
been brought into the realm, and would
make good laws, and keep them without
guile or an evil mind. Then they disrobed
him of all save the shirt which he had on
him, and his drawers upon his legs, and
the shirt was unsown upon his shoulders ;
then they shod him with sandals worked
with gold ; then Baldwin, the Archbishop of
\ Canterbury, pouring holy oil upon his head,
anointed him king in three places, on the
head, and the breast, and the arms, (which
signifteth glory, and courage, and wisdom,)
with the prayers appointed for this office.
Then the said Archbishop did lay upon
his head a hallowed linen cloth, and the
bonnet upon it which Godfrey de Lucy
had borne. Then they put upon him his
royal robes, the tunic first, and then the
dalmatic ; then the Archbishop delivered
unto him the sword of the kingdom to re-
strain the wrongdoers against the Church ;
then two earls placed upon his heels the
spurs which John Marshall carried ; then
they put on the mantle, and so he was
led to the altar ; and there the aforesaid
Archbishop forbade him, on behalf of the
Almighty God, that he should not take to
him this honour unless he was purposed
in bis heart to observe the aforesaid oaths
and vows, which he had made, inviolate;
and he made answer for himstlf, that ' by
the help of God so he would keep them
without guile.' llien he took the crown
from off the altar, and gave it unto the
Archbishop, and the Archbishop delivered
it unto him, and set it upon his head, and
two earls did bear it, foranmuch as it was
of great weight. Then the Archbishop
delivered the King's sceptre into his right
hand, and the King's rod into his left
hand ; and the King thus crowned was \
led to his seat by the Bishops of Durham I
and Bath, the taper-bearers going before,
and they who carried the three swords
also.
" Then was begun the mass of the Lord,
and, when it came to the offertory, the
aforesaid Bishops led him unto the altar,
and he offered one mark of the purest
gold, for such an oblation becometh a king
at his coronation, and the Bishops afore-
said led him back to his chair. But when
the mass was celebrated, and all was
rightly done, the two Bishops, one on the
right hand and the other on the left, led
him back, crowned, and bearing his sceptre
in his right hand, and his royal rod in his
left hand, from the church unto his cham-
ber, the procession, ordered as above, going
before. Then the procession returned back
into the choir, and my Lord the King laid
aside his royal crown and his royal robes,
and received a lighter crown and lighter
robes ; and so crowned, he went to dinner,
and the archbishops and bishops sat with
him at the table, each according to his
order and his dignity. The earls and
barons served in the king's house accord-
ing as their qualities demanded. The
citizens of London served at the bakery,
and the citizens of Winton in the kitchen.'*
CORONATION OP ELIZABETH OF YORK.
Oh St. Katharine's Day, 1487, was Eli- a lace before the mantle in her hair, a
zabeth apparelled in a kirtle and a mantle surcoat of gold, richly g^amished with
of purple velvety furred with ermines, ¥rith pearl and precious stones; and bo being
Gkht. Mao. Vol. CCIX. x
163
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Aug.
apparelled, my Lady Cecil bearing her
train, she went forth of Westminster Hall,
and there stood ander a cloth of estate
unto the time when the procession was
ordered, from which place to the pulpit
in Westminster Church she went upon
new ray -cloth; and all the day from
thenceforth the Barons of the Cinque
Ports bare the canopy according to their
privilege, and the order of this procession
as ensueth.
First esquires proceed and knights fol-
lowing them, and after them went the
new knights, well beseen in divers silks,
every man as him best liked after his
degree; and after them the barons and
other estates in order as they were, the
heralds on every side of the procession,
and 8ergeant9-of-arms to make room;
then followed abbots, and next bishops, in
pontificalihus, to the number of fifteen
bishops besides [sixteen] abbots; where
the Bishop of \yacaf\ bare St. Edward's
chalice, the Bishop of Norwich bare the
paten: before these prelates went the
monks of Westminster, all in albes, and
the King's chapel* following them; and
next the Queen, of all the bishops went
the Archbishop of York, except the Bishop
of Winchester and the Bishop of Ely,
which went on either hand the Queen
under the canopy to sustain her Grace ;
and after tbe Archbishop of York was
Garter King of Heralds, and the Mayor
of London next before the constable and
marshal before rebearsed, and next unto
the Earl of Arundel, bearing the ivory
virge, with a dove on the top ; and after
him the Duke of Suffolk, bearing the
sceptre; then the Earl of Oxford, Great
Chamberlain, in his parliamentary robes,
having in his hHuds the staff of his office ;
and the Duke of Bedford, bareheaded, in
his robes of estate, bearing a rich crown
of gold. Then followed the Queen, ap-
parelled as is afore rehearsed, and next
her my Lady Cecil, which bare her train,
and next her following the Duchess of
Bedford, and other duchesses and coun-
tesses, apparelled in mantles and surcoats
of scarlet, furred and powdered; the
* Le. the choir of the Chapel BoyaL
duchesses having on their heads a coronal
of gold, richly g^arnished with pearls and
precious stones ; and the countesses had on
their heads circlets of gold in like manner
garnished, as doth appear in the book of
pictures thereof made ; but the more pity
there was so great a number of people
inordinately pressing to cut her ray'cloth,
that the Queen went upon, that in the
press certain persons were slain, and the
order of the ladies following the Queen
was broken and disturbed. '
The Queen's grace thus coming forth,
when she came to the entry of the west
door of the church of Westminster, there
was said by the [yacaf] tliis orison,
"Omnipotens Deus," &c.; and that
done, she proceeded through the choir
unto the pulpit, wherein was a stage
royally dressed with cloth of gold and
cushious accordingly ; and the Archbishop
of Canterbury, there being present and
ranged as appertuneth to the celebration
of the mass, received the Queen, coming
from the royal seat, with the lords bearing
her crown, sceptre, and rod, and the
bishops sustaining her as is above said,
and the choir before the high altar was
honourably dressed and arrayed with car-
pets and cushions of estate, whereupon the
Queen prostrated herself before the Arch-
bishop, whilst he said over her this orison,
" Deus soles," etc. ; and that done, she
arose and kueeled, and my Lady [Cedl ?]
took her circle from her head, and the
Archbbhop opened her breast and anointed
her twice ; first in the former part of her
Lead, aud, secondly, in her breast, saying
the words, " In Nomine Patris," etc. ;
" Prosit tibi heec unctio ;" with this orison,
" Omnipotens, sempiterne Deus ;" and that
done, the said lady closed her breast ; and
following the said Archbishop blessed her
ring, saying this orison, "Creator," etc.,
and cast holy water upon it, and then put
this ring upon the fourth finger of the
Queen's right hand, saying these words,
Accipe annulum," etc.; and he said,
Dominus vobiscum," with this collect
Deus, cijus," etc. ; then after the said
Archbbhop blessed the Queen's crown,
saying, "Oremus, Dens Tuorum," etc.;
and that done, be set the crown upon the
((
(4
(4
I860.] Is it riffht to speak of " Archbishop Becket" ?
163
Queen's head, whereupon was a coif put
by my said lady, for the consecration of
the holy unction which is afterwards to
be delivered unto the said Archbishop,
saying these words, " Officium ;" and then
he delivered unto the Queen a sceptre into
her right hand, and a rod in her left hand,
saying this orison, *' Omnium Deus," etc.
The Queen thus crowned was led by the
above said Bishops up into the seat of her
estate, and whilst the offertory was in
playing of the organs, she was led crowned
from her seat royal by the said two Bishops
unto the high altar, her sceptre and rod
of gold borne before her, as it is aforesaid ;
then the Archbishop turned his face to
the Queen-ward. And after this, as be-
fore, the Queen was brought up again to
her seat royal of estate, where she sat still
until " Agnus Dei" was begun, and after-
wards " Per omnia ssecula sseculomm ;" he
turned him to the Queen, blessing her
with this orison, " Omnipotens Deus, cris-
matnm," etc., whereunto the Queen an-
swered, " Amen." In the time of " Agnus
Dei" being sung, the pax was brought to
the Queen by the Bishop of Worcester,
who brought the book; and when the
Queen had kissed it she descended and
came to the high altar, and had the towel
holden before her by two bishops, and
there she lowly inclined herself to the
ground, saying her " Confiteor," etc., the
prelates saying ** Misereatur vestri," etc.,
and the Archbishop g^ve her absolution ;
and then the Queen, somewhat raising
herself, received the blessed sacrament;
and this reverently accomplished, the
Queen returned unto her seat royal, and
there abided until the mass was done.
Her Grace, accompanied with many
prelates and many nobles, descended from
her seat royal of estate, and went unto
the high altar, where the said Archbishop,
arrayed in pontificals as he said mass
withal, the minister of the altar before
him, went before the altar of the shrine of
St. Edward the King ; and after him fol-
lowed all other prelates and lords: and
the QuQien's Grace coming before the said
altar, the Archbishop took the crown from
her head, and set it upon the same altar.
And in the aforesud church was ordained
a goodly stage, covered and well beseen
with cloths of arras, and well- latticed,
wherein was the King's^Grace, my lady
his mother, and a goodly sight of ladies
and gentlewomen attending upon her, as
my Lady Margaret Poole, daughter to
the Duke of Clarence, and many others.
And when the divine service was thus
solemnly ended, and all done, the Queen
returned unto her palace, with all her
goodly and royal company.
CORONATION OF EDWARD VI.
At the coronation of the young heir of royal slipper for the first, and, happily, the
Henry VIII., it appears that kissing the last, time formed part of the ceremonial
rv
IS IT RIGHT TO SPEAK OP
Mb. Ubbaw, — While preparing the
Life of Becket which was reviewed in
your number for January, I somewhere
read a denial that the person who is
the subject of the book had ever borne
the name by which I have called him. I
have quite forgotten where this denial
appeared; but at all events it did not
seem to me worth notice. Since the pub-
lication of my volume, however, the same
doctrine — or, at least, the expression of
a strong doubt on the subject — has met
my eye successively in "The Saturday
"ARCHBISHOP BECKET"!
Review," " The Guardian," " The National
Review," and " The English Churchman;"
and, although I suspect that in the first
three of these I have to do with one and
the same critical Cerberus*, the number
• The " Saturday Review" article which is
here alluded to,— a notice of Mr. Morris's " Life
of St Thomas," (vol. ix. p. 187,)— is evidently by a
different hand from the very favourable criticism
on my own book, (vol. viii. p. 740). [Since this
letter was written, the critic whom I before
suspected of having repeated himielf in so many
places has apparently broken out in a fourth,
namely the »* Edinburgh Review," where Becket
164
Correspondence of 8ylvanu$ Urban.
[Aug.
and the very remarkable variety of the
organs through which he has nttered his
opinion might impose on simple readers
almost as much as the confidence of his
tone. And he has found such a reader in
" The English Churchman," who, although
he writes of me in a more courteous spirit,
shews unmistakeable traces of acquaint-
ance with some part, at least, of the
earlier articles, and has evidently been
inspired by them when he tells me that
*' to persist in designating the Archbishop"
by the name of Becket is a " defiance of
legitimate history*'." In answer to this
charge I should be glad to have the op-
portunity of saying something for myself
in your pages.
I. That the Archbishop's father was
sumamed Becket appears from unques-
tionable evidence: — *• Pater ejus Gilbertus,
cog^omento Beket," says Edward Grim,
(S. Thom. Cantuar., ed. Migne, col. 3.) " E
Gilebert Beket fu sis pere apelez," writes
the metrical biographer Gamier; and so,
too, the Lambeth " Anonymus " styles
the finther " Gilbertus quidam cognomento
Becchet." (S. T. C, 278.) The surname
appears to have been not uncommon ; for
Dr. Lappenberg has produced, from the
printed records alone, six instances of per-
sons who bore it between 1180 and 1214,
(note in Pauli, Oeseh, von England, iii. 14).
And that it was 9l family name may be in-
ferred, not only from this frequent occur-
rence, but more particularly from the fact
that in one document two Beckets are
mentioned together, the one of them being
surety for the other, (Rotuli Litt. Patent.,
125, 6, ed. Hardy, Lond. 1835). The only
reason for doubt whether the Archbishop
inherited the name appears to be that we
do not find it given to him by the old
biographers or chroniclers except on one
occasion, viz. when his murderers, on en-
tering the cathedral in pursuit of him,
asked, "Where is the traitor Thomas
Becket ?" But the non-occurrence of the
is mentioned in an article on Dr. Vaaghan's
*» Revolutions in English History." Perhaps I
eonld even name a fifth periodical in which
he has tamed his reading on the subject to
•OCOQBt.]
k « English Churchman," June 28, 1860.
name throughout the rest of his history is
sufficiently explained by the circumstance
that, from the time when he became con-
spicuous, he was known by the official
titles of archdeacon, chancellor, or arch-
bishop, and thus his surname was for a
time superseded. The name of Becket was,
indeed, chosen by the murderers with the
intention of insulting him, just as Charles I.
of England and Louis XVI. of France in
their adversity were spoken of by their
family names ; but, as in those cases, the
name used by way of derision was a real
hereditary surname. And with this view
agrees the fact mentioned by Mr. Morris,
(pp. 386, 387, 442,) that two centuries after
the Archbishop's time there were Beckets
in the north of Italy, who claimed descent
firom some of his banished relations.
II. Even if it be allowed that the Arch-
bishop's name was Becket, however, we
are told that a modern writer ought not
to call him by that name, inasmuch as his
own contemporaries did not. " The best
way," says the "Saturday" reviewer,
'* would be to call him simply Archbishop
Thomas, just as we say Archbishop Theo-
bald ; or, if it be liked better, historically,
St. Thomas." And as " Thomas" or " St.
Thomas" he figures accordingly, not only
in the "Saturday Review," but in the
high- Anglican newspaper and in the scep-
tical quarterly periodical, between which
there is in this case such a striking re-
semblance. But surely the doctrine that
we ought to be guided by the practice of
contemporaries in this matter, has been
very inconsiderately laid down ; for in the
case of such other prelates as can be dis-
tinguished by family names, an opposite
rule is observed. During his tenure of
office, an archbishop or a bishop is rarely
called by his surname ; but if he resign his
see, the surname becomes his legal desig-
nation; or if he die, although for a time
he may be occasionally styled "the hjde
Archbishop or Bishop of ** the sur-
name soon comes to be exclusively used in
speaking of him. The instance of Theo-
bald is no parallel to that of Becket,
(1), because Theobald is not known to have
had any family name; and (2), because
his Christian name, being unique among
I860.]
The Guildhall, Chichester.
165
archbishops of Canterbury, is anfficient to
distinguish him, whereas many archbishops
of Canterbury have borne the name of
Thomas. Those who object to our speak-
ing of Becket by his surname have not,
in so far as I am aware, any scruple as
to calling his opponent, the Bishop of
London, Foliot rather than Oilbert, or as
to styling any later Tliomas of Canter-
bury— Bradwardine, Arundel, Cranmer,
or Tenison, for example — by his family
name. Nor would there, probably, have
been any scruple in the case of Becket,
but for the peculiarity of his history — that
he was first canonized by a pope, and then,
by the authority of the State, was violently
ejected from the English Calendar. In
cases, indeed, where it is intended to re-
present the usage of the Archbishop's con-
temporaries, a modem writer ought to
style him Thomas ; and this I have always
been careful to do. I believe, however,
that to forego the use of his family name,
when speaking in my own person, would
not only be a very inconvenient affecta-
tion, but would even be incorrect, because
against the analogy of our usual practice
as to episcopal names. — I am. Sec,,
J. C. ROBEBTSOK.
PrecincUt Canterhuty,
July, 7, 1860.
THE GUILDHALL, CHICHESTER.
Mb. Ubban, — I daresay your attention
may have been directed before to the state
in which the old building (now called the
Guildhall) in the Priory Park at Chichester
is kept ; but I had occasion to visit that
town for a few days last week, and among
other relics of antiquity visited this most
interesting piece of thirteenth -century
-work, and was so surprised and indignant
at the abominable way in which it is now
treated, that I consider I can do no harm
by attracting your notice to it again.
The building stands in the middle of a
spacious quadrangle, surrounded by walls,
and appears to have been formerly the
chapel of the Franciscans, who had a
priory here in the thirteenth century.
It is about 80 feet long by 30 feet wide,
without aisles, and the roof of timber,
(now plastered over,) with moulded ribs
occasionally and plates. There are five
windows on each, side, of ten lights, with
quatrefoils in the heads and drop-arches
inside. In the exterior, buttresses are
placed between the side windows. The
east window is of five lights, shafted inside,
with floriated caps. At the opposite end
is a large moulded arch with shafts in the
jambs, now filled in, having a door in the
centre, and above it a window similar to
the side lights; so that it would appear
that the building had extended still further
at one period. There are some arches in
one of the side walls, hardly distinguish-
able now among the fittings and stairs.
The east end is partitioned off into
offices of the meanest kind, and the centre
taken up with circular galleries, tables,
and seats, with three principal places at
the eastern part for, I suppose, the judges
or mayors.
I find in Dallaway's "History of Sussex"
the following account of the btdlding : —
" Upon the demolition of the castle, by
order of King John, the site was given to
the Cathedral Church of the Holy Tbinity
in Chichester, by William de Albini, the
third Earl of Arundel and Sussex, with
the intention of establishing there a hos-
pital for poor and sick persons. This plan
was superseded, and another adopted by
the bishops, Who placed there Franciscans
or Mendicants about the year 1240
It is not improbable that the chapel, which
is upon so capacious a plan as to contain
82 feet in length, 31 feet in breadth, and
42 feet in height, was erected at the ex-
pense of the last earl of the family of
De Albini . . . Near the altar were tombs,
placed under arcades. Nothing more is
known of its history, during y" time in
which it flourished, but at y* suppression
it fell into the King's hands, and the
whole site of buildings was sold in 1541 to
the mayor and burgesses of the city, which
was confirmed to them by x^yal patent.
The chapel was then used as their Guild-
hall, for y* publick meetings of y« city,
and the County Quarter Sessions. The
house, or friary, which was large and had
a cloyster, perfect in the last century, was
then leased out for a certain term of years.
In 1544 it was demised to G. Goryngc,
Esq. (at an annual rent of £6 138. 4d.)
In 1736, it was leased to W. P. Williams,
166
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Aug.
Esq., y" celebrated Law Reporter, whose
8011, Hatching Williams, created baronet
in 1747, purchased of y* Corporation a
lease of 1,000 years for dB800, of which
the sum of £600 was applied in discharge
of a mortgage to the mayor and approved
men of Guildford. Upon the death of Sir
Booth Williams it passed by will to his
relict, sister of Dr. Fonnereau of Ipswich,
to whom it was likewise devised, and was
■old to the present priprietor. Vice- Ad-
miral Henry Frankland, who has removed
every vestige of its antient form, and con-
verted it into a modem hoose. . . . After
the siege (a.d. 1642-3), Sir William WaUer
made the Ch*ey Friars his head quarters."
From what I gathered on the spot, I
found that the building was now the pro-
perty of the Duke of Richmond, and was
only used at elections, where the members
first meet, and then adjourn to the town.
Setting entirely aside the fact of the
present treatment of the building being
a flagrant act of desecration and sacrilege,
I feel certain that a love and veneration
for the things of the past will rouse a just
indignation in the hearts of many of your
readers when they learn that this fine old
structure is suffered to go to decay, and
consigned to such miserable and degrading
uses: the cry is very general and very
urgent that there is a great want of
churches at the present time, and clergy-
men made this an excuse for opening
theatres and concert-rooms on Sundays;
but it appears to me that in Chichester,
at all events, there is a fine opportunity to
increase the church accommodation by
clearing away the rubbish and filthy ac-
cumulations inside this old chapel, and re-
storing it to its ancient grandeur. Surely
it is not of so much value to the Mayor
and Corporation, that it needs to be kept
in the way it is, (perfectly useless to any-
body,) for a meeting once in three years,
or perhaps more ; and they would be con-
ferring a benefit upon their fellow- citizens
if they were to rescue this sacred edifice
from so abominable a condition.
I am, &c.,
Edmund SBDDnra.
10, Carlisle •street, Soho-square,
June 12, 1860.
LA PRETENDUE DECOUVERTE lyUN AUTEL DRUIDIQUE.
MovsiEUB LE DiEECTEUE,— Dans votre
Num^ro du mois de Mai, 1860, (p. 449,)
Yous racontez, d'apr^s VEcho du Nord, la
pr^tendue decouverte d'un autel druidique
qui aurait eu lien aux environs de Lille.
Un de vos correspondants, homme pru-
dent et sens^, a cru devoir ^mettre
quelques doutes k ce snjet dans le Num^ro
du mois de Juin (p. 639), et il a eu la
bonte d'en appeler & moi pour savoir si je
pourrais vous renseigner sur un aussi in«
t^ressant objet.
Je n'avais, je Tavoue, attach^ aucune
importance k cette decouverte, qui me
paraissait trop belle pour dtre vraie. Mais,
sur Tappel que vous avez bien voulu m'a-
dresser, j'ai pris & Lille quelques renseigne-
ments qui edifieront compUtement vos
lecteurs. Je me suis adresse i mon ami,
M. Girardin, chimiste dbtingu^, et Doyen
de la Faculty des Sciences de Lille. Voici
les quelques mots qu'il a bien voulu me
r^pondre le 6 Juillet dernier : —
"Mon cheb Abbe et ami, — ^Votre lettre
m'est parvenue alors que j'dtais i Douai
pour assister aux stances du Conseil aca-
d^mique, dont j'ai Thonneur de faire partie,
en ma quality de doyen, avec Nos Seig-
neurs rArchevk[ue de Cambrai et I'Ev^ne
d' Arras.
"A mon retour & Lille, il m'a fallu
prendre des renseignements et les con-
tr61er les uns par les autres.
" Le resume de mes recherches au sujet
de Tannonce de VEcho du Nord, c*est que
c'est un poisson d'Avril sous la forme d'un
canard qn'on a servi aus antiquaires. Je
ne devine pas trop la plaisanterie, mais
enfin c'est un specimen de la joviality de
MM. les joumalistes Lillois. 'Ab uno
disce omnes.' "
Agr^ez, Monsieur le Directeur,
Tassurance de mon respect,
L*Abbb Cochet.
Dieppe, le 10 JuUlet, 1860.
I860.]
167
HISTOEICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.
Our English Home : its early JStstory
and Progress. With Notes on the Intro-
duction of Domestic Inventions, (Oxford
and LoDdon: J. H. and Jas. Parker.) —
This is a very pleasant little work, in
which a vast variety of interesting mat-
ters is brought together. The disco-
veries of Sir R. C. Hoare on the Wilt-
shire downs are shewn to afford proof
that our British ancestors had some of
the comforts of "home/* — "the sweetest
word in the English language/' as our
author justly calls it; these were im-
proved on by the Anglo-Saxons, and still
more by the Normans, who, however,
have usually the credit of devising many
matters, which they only borrowed from
their predecessors. Then came the Cru-
sades, and numberless changes, "a taste
for the spices, the sugars, the silken fa-
brics, and the elegant luxuries of the
East/' which from age to age spread more
widely until the English home reached its
zenith of Gothic splendour in the age of
the Tudors. From that period to the
present the changes have been equally
great, but they have been in a different
direction ; we have less magnificence, but
more comfort, and that, too, extending to
classes which once had no pretension to
either.
The various steps of these changes are
graphically traced, in the early ages espe-
cially, by reference to illuminated MSS.
and records, enlivened by many pleasant
snatches from the old romances, as the
Life of Alisaundre, Sir Bevis, Richard
Cceur-de-Lion, &c., &c., piquant extracts
from Froissart, and gleanings from House-
hold Books, Wardrobe Accounts, Liberate
liolls, &c, &c Much of the information has
already been supplied to Mr. Parker's
"Domestic Architecture," but even the
possessors of that valuable work will be
glad to have so convenient a resumS of
the household, as opposed to the archi-
tectural portion; and those who have it
not, will meet with numberless matters
that will be new to them, told in a light,
pleasant style, of which we will offer a
few specimens.
Though in all ages the ladies seem to
have had something like private sitting-
rooms, it is not until the time of the
Tudors that the master of the house with-
drew himself from the hall. The removal
was murmured at, as betokening a decay
of hospitality, but it was effected never-
theless, and we soon have the germs at
least of a well-appointed mansion of the
present day, though the mingling of
kitchen and sitting-room shewn in the pot
on the parlour fire and the silver ftying-
pan and gridiron have an odd effect : —
"ITie fixed stove is a comparatively
modem invention, whilst the fender is an
introduction of the sixteenth century. We
find it in Tudor homes : among the fur-
niture belonging to Henry YIII. was 'one
harthe of iron, being but a forepart, with
two sides tynned, and all over wroughte
in divers places with iintiqne worke*;*
but they are rarely met with in ancient
inventories, and were seldom more than a
mere band of iron. In one of the cham-
bers at Goodrich Court is a reredos and
dogs of iron, with a fender of brass bear-
ing the date 1605 •'. A set of fire-irons
anciently consisted of a two- pronged fork,
a pair of tongs, and a billet-hook, the
'stales' of which were often 'garnished
with copper, gilt and graven * ;' to these
were sometimes added the shovel. The
poker is an invention which superseded
the billet- hook on the general introduc-
tion of coal. As in the olden time the
parlour fire was made serviceable to the
kitchen, a pot-hook was almost invariably
suspended over it, on which to hang a
kettle of fish or a mess of pottage. We
observe this in paintings intend^ to re-
present the apartments of princes and
notdes ; a fact that illustrates the domestic
simplicity of our ancestors, and was per-
haps the reason why the pots and kettles
» "MS. Harl., 1,419, fol. 142. a. In the Soulage
Collection are fenders of Italian cinque cento
work.
* " Meyrick's Ancient Furniture, pi. Iv.
• " MS. Harl. 1,419, fol. 141. b.
168
Miscellaneous Beviews.
[Aug.
were so handsomely decorated, and frying-
pans and gridirons made of silver. The
kettles in the palace at Westminster were
copper-gilt, * the ladles bearing the royal
armes' of Henry VIII. The toasting-
fork, which hung on a nail at the chimney
side, was tipped with metal chasing. The
bellows is not altogether a modem con-
trivance: bellows of a large size, similar
to those used in our smithies, are depicted
in mediseval manuscripts as appendages
to the kitchen furnace, and the bellows-
blower appears in the list of the officers of
the household. The introduction of the
hand- bellows, however, is usually attributed
to the Germans in the sixteenth century,
but one Nicholas de Yhonge, of Flanders,
who became a citizen of York in the reign
of Edward III., introduced the hand-
bellows into domestic use <*. John Baret,
in 1463, leaves to Janet, his niece, ' a peyr
belwys^'* A pair in the possession of
Mr. Parker, of Browsholme Hall, b curi-
ously carved, with a scene representing
a fox in a surplice, preaching to a congre-
gation of birds and beasts. Tradition
says, that this curious specimen of fireside
furniture was left by Henry VI., with his
boots, spurs, and glove, at Bolton Hall;
but Sir Samuel Merrick, who has en-
graven it in his work on ' Ancient Fur-
niture',' discredits the story, and pro-
nounces it of Elizabethan workmanship.
It is certain that during the sixteenth
century, these articles of domestic use,
being intended to hang by the parlour
fire, were highly decorated; sometimes
they were gilt and painted, inlaid with
mother-of-pearl, or damascened with sil-
ver. The gussets, fastened with trefoil
bullion-headed nails, were made of scarlet
velvet, and the nozzles were quaintly
chased and ornamented with musks. Those
of Flemish or English make were more
homely in design, but they endeavoured
to compensate for the roughness of the
carving by inscribing it with mottoes,
such as —
** As the sparks do upward fly,
Think that thou hast trouble nigh."
or,—
" Now man to man is so unjust,
That we cannot another trust f.'*
d •* York Phil. Soc. Proceed., p. 10.
• ** Wills of Bury St. Edmund's. In the parlour
of the Drapers' Company there was **a payr
bellus' as early as 1499. — {HerberVs Hist.
Drapers^ i. 405.)
' " PI. It.
« •* Nine pairs of bellows with • pypes of tynne
plate' are mentioned among the fireside appur-
tenances of Henry YIII.
7
"Nor was the fireside without its ele-
gancies. It was often adorned with screens
of French and Venetian work, or with
silken pictures set in frames of dark-
grained walnut-tree; those with carved
and branched feet were most fashionable.
We read of screens of purple tafieta,
deeply fringed, standing on * feet of tym-
bre,' painted and gilt; others of wicker,
and smaller ones ' of silke, to hold gainte
the fyre »».'
" The Parlour Window, — From the il'
luminated manuscripts of the fifteenth
century we may gain a tolerable idea of
the parlours of our early home ' ; and we
cannot fail to observe as an important
feature, the capacious window recesses,
which were sometimes, indeed, little rooms
of themselves, and furnished on each side
with goodly benches of stone-work. The
fenestrels were glazed with small, dia-
mond-shaped panes, ornamented with the
baron's arms in proper colours, and hung
with curtains of arras or say.
" Old Bay-toifidows. — The old bay-win-
dow, the introduction of which we may refer
to the close of the fourteenth century, be-
came in Tudorhomes more general, from an
increasing fondness for domestic lite. They
formed pleasant retreats on summer even-
ings ; there the damsels would ply their
distafis, and the young squires would seek
them there, and with gaUant words make
love, or check-mate them in a g^me of
chess. Glazt'd with white and ruby glass,
when other windows were open to the wind;
curtained, when other windows were bare ;
carpeted, when other floors were littered
with rushes, they became the favourite
nooks of home, in which the sweetest and
happiest moments of life were spent. No
wonder that our forefathers loved them,
and, in spite of conservative prejudicis,
knocking away the dull, narrow loop-holes,
had *fayre baye windowes' introduced
into the halls and parlours of their home''.
" The Parlour Furniture. — The charac-
ter of the parlour furniture varied ^iih
the taste and habits of the owner. Benches
or lockers were the usual seats, — cumber-
some pieces of rough carpenter's work
that half filled the room ; but in the later
period of the middle ages, chairs and stools
were introduced into this apartment. John
Baret of Bury in 1463 left to his niece
fc *'M8. Harl. 1,419, if. 56, 61, 140; Gage's
Hengrave, p. 27.
i *' See five paintings in MS. Cottonian, Aug.,
A. V. ff. 327, 334.
k •• For notices of bay-windows, see Wardrobe
Account of Edward IV. in MS. Harl., 4,780. fol.
20. a ; MS. Additional, 7,099, fol. 57.
I860.]
M. Didron's Annates ArchSologiques.
169
a chair, and three footstools with cushions,
thiit were in his parlour; he had al-o a
roand tahle, and other articles of a su-
perior make ', whijh prove that the homes
of the middle classes were becoming fur-
nished with new accessories to comfort."
With an account of Queen Elizabeth's
bed we must conclude, as we have, we
conceive, cited enough to induce our
readers to procure the work, and peruse
all the rest for themselves : —
"A pon'lerous four-post bedstead of
ample dimensions was the solemn glory of
a Tudor chamber. Its massive pillars,
bnlging out in knobs of the richest carv-
ing, sometimes a foot and a-half in dia-
meter "*, towered to the ceiling, and bore a
prodigious weight of selours, testers, val-
lances, and hangings, which cast gloom
and shadows thick upon the bed : the top
of each post was ornamented wi h a cupid,
the arms o*" the owner in metal-work, or
with gilded vanes. One can understand
how so many hallucinations arose in old
time about haunted chambers, when we
think of the solemnities of fly bitten ta-
pestries and groti'sque carving with which
the occupant of the 'great bed* was en-
compassed. Griffins and monsters, frantic
knights and distressed damsels in needle-
work, clustered thick around him ; sntyrs,
* anticke boys,* and the wild creations of
mediseval fancy, grinning hideously, were
carved in fantastic confusion over the
head-board, up the pillars, and around the
deep cornices of the bedstead. We have
abundant materials descriptive of the bed-
ding in the royal household, but of all the
Tudors none slept on such sumptuous bods
as the Virgin Queen. A wardrobe warrant
datei 1581, orders the delivery for the
Queen's use of a bedst« ad of walnut-tree,
richly carved, painted, and gilt. The
selour, tester, and vallance were of cloth
of silver figured with velvet, lined with
changeable tHffeta, and deeply fringed
with Venice gold, silver, and silk. The
curtains were of costly tapesl^, curiously
and elaborately worked; every seam and
every border laid with gold and silver
' •' Wills and Invent., Bury St. Edmand'n ;
piiblinhed by the Camden Society. The parlour
of Sir I. Newjwr.e, a century later, was alao fur-
nished with two forms, two round tables, a
standing cupboard, two chairs, four ' litel stoles
wrought wt needle worke,' a screen, a pair of
andirons and a pair of bellows.— (Jf5. Addit.,
10,128.)
" "MS. Harl., 1,419, ff. 45, 53; also Lysons*
Hag. Brit., Derbyshire, p. 29.
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
lace, caught up with long loops and but-
tons of bullion. The head- piece was of
crimson satin of Bruges, edged with a
passamaync of crimson silk, and decorated
with six ample plumes, containing seven
dozen ostrich feathers of various coloan»
garnished with golden spangles. The
counterpoint was of orange -coloured satin,
quilted with cutwork of cloths of gold and
filver, of satins of every imaginable tint,
and embroidered with Venice gold, silver
spangles and coloured silks, fringed to
correspond, and lined with orange sar-
cenet. A royal patchwork indeed " V*
Annates Archiologiques, Public par
DiDBOK AiiTE. Tome XX. liv. 1 and 2.
January and April, 1860. 4ito., 124 pp.
and 11 plates. (Paris.) — M. Didron's
Annates ArchSotoffiques are proceeding
with their usual spirit, and the two num-
bers before us are more than usually in-
teresting to English readers. The first
part contains six papers : — 1. On the Ob«
jects of Art preserved in the treasury of
the collegiate church of St. Stephen at
Troyes, by the Canon Coffinet. This cata-
logue is continued and completed in the
second part; it comprises eighty-seven
objects, neatly and well described by a
careful antiquary, and concludes with the
tombs, the most important of which ap-
pears to be the tomb of Henry I., Count
of Champagne, of bronze g^lt, with orna-
ments of silver and enamel; the date is
of the end of the twelfth century, and of
this there is a good engraving.
2. A review, by M. Felix de Vemeilh,
of the valuable work of the Count Mel-
chior de Vogne on the churches of the
Holy Land. This is a clever essay by a
roan well versed in his subject, and does
justice to a very valuable work, of which
we hope shortly to g^ve an account in our
own pages.
8. Iconography of the four Cardinal
Virtues, by M. Didron. This subject is oon-
• " MS. Addit., 6,751, fol. 38. The counter-
points of the Tudor age were of great variety in
their adornment. We read of * counterpoyntea
of Scarlett, furred w** fethers.'— (ifSL Hart.,
1,419, fol. 396.) A counterpoint *of fine d aper
of Adam and Eve, garnished rounde about w** a
narrowe passmayne of Venice gold and silver.*—
{Ibid,, fol. 175.)"
170
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Aug.
tinued in this, the first paper of the second
part. As all those who are interested in
the subject of loonoscraphy are well ac-
quainted with the labours of M. Didron,
we need only congratulate them that he
is at last going on with it, and these
papers will evidently form part of the
second volume of the valuable work of
which the first volume appeared several
years since.
4. On a Mosaic Pavement at Vercelli,
by M. JuUen Durand, with a plate copied
in facsimile from an ancient engraving;
it is work of the eleventh century. This
article is supplementary to a previous one
by the same author in vpl. xv. of tlie
Annates, and we hope he will continue
the subject, and collect his papers into
a volume ; he is evidently master of his
theme, and it is one of considerable in-
terest.
6. On the Constitution of Pope Pius IX.
regulating the legacies of consecrated vases
and ornaments by '* Cardinals, Patriarchs,
Metropolitans, Bishops, and Abb^." This
article is by M. Barbier de Montault. It
recapitulates the enactments of previous
popes, and warmly praises the wisdom of
those of Pius IX.
6. On La Contrefaqon ArchSoloffique,
by M. Didron. This is in continuation of
previous articles, and gives useful infor-
mation as to the seats and works of the
principal furgei-s of antiquities who have
established a re^lar trade in these articles.
They are located chiefly in Germany, near
the banks of the Khine, and especially at
Mayence. The dupes are found chiefly in
England, where these forged articles are
largely imported. The Society of Anti-
quar es of London has several times called
attention to this subject, but as the forgers
have active agents in this country who do
not scruple to make use or abuse of the
law of libel against any one who ventures
publicly to expose them, and the expense
of a law-suit is a serious consideration, the
newspapers have been very shy of report-
ing any of the statements made at Somer-
set-house. We are the more indebted to
M. Didron for his courage in continuing
this exposure. These forgeries are so
ingenious that purchasers cannot be too
much on their guard ; it appears that the
authorities of the British Museum, the
Iiouvre, and the Hotel de Cluny have all
been taken in.
The second part of the Annates contains
four articles, of which two have been
already mentioned as continuations; the
third is by M. Felix de Verneilh, on the
Civil Architecture of the Middle Ages,
comprising bridges, canals for irrigation,
wind mills, and water-mills ; it is a valua-
ble paper, as the name of the author led
us to expect, and is illustrated by two
be lutiful woodcuta of the bridges of the
thirteenth century at Limoges and Cahors.
These are finer than any that we have
remaining in England, but we have many
more than is commonly imagined. The
late Dr. Ingram read a paper on the sub-
ject of Medieval Bridges to the Oxford
Architectural Society nearly twenty years
ago, which was printed in their Reports,
and excited some little interest at the
time, but hos long been forgotten and lost
to the world from the local nature of the
work in which it was printed, known only
to members of the Society, and seldom
read by them. Many valuable papers, con-
taining often the results of great research,
are every year buried alive in this manner
in some local publication. The remaining
paper before us is on an ivory book -cover
of the eighth century, preserved in the
Bodleian Library at Oxford, of which a
facsimile has been published by the Arun-
del Society, and is here engraved from
a photogp*aph and described by M. Julien
Durand. The subjects are a figure of
Christ and some of the chief events of His
life on earth, represented after the quaint
fashion of the period. No description can
convey a correct idea of this without see-
ing either the object itself or some repre-
sentation of it.
Semarks on the Oxford Museum. By
Dr. AcLAVD, F.H.S., Regius Professor of
Medicine. (Oxford: J. H. and Jas. Parker.)
— The recent Meeting of the British As-
sociation at Oxford, at which an examin-
atiun of the Museum was a g^nd feature,
has induced a cheap republication, under
the above title, of Dr. Acland's very ex-
I860.]
Llewellynn JewitCs The Reliquary,
171
cellent " Remarks addressed to a Meeting
of Architectural Societies," in which the
lofty aims of the founders of the new edu-
cational institute are set forth in language
at once pure and simple, energetic and no-
ble, and every way worthy of the theme.
The handbook is illustrated with ground-
plans, and a sketch of ornamental iron-
work, and has been so modified in parts as
to make its descriptions correspond to the
pn sent state of the building. To the visitor
to Oxford it is of course indispensable, and
even those who may never see the struc-
ture to which it relates, will yet find
muih to interest and inform them in its
pagts.
An Historical and Illustrated Hand'
book for the Toum of Shrewsbury. By
Hex BY PiDGEON, Treasurer of the Cor-
poration. (Shrewsbury : Sandford ) — Mr.
Pidgeon, who is well known as author of
the *' Memorials of Shrewsbury," has pro-
duced a shilling guide-book to his native
town, which visitors to the approaching
Archaeological Congress there will do well
to procure beforehand. The author has
not sacrificed quality to quantity, as is
done in too many guide-books of recent
date, but purchasers will see that they
will have enough for their money, even in
this age of economy, when we mention
that the book contains 200 pages of really
well- written matter, giving just the in-
formation that the mtelligeut stranger
requires, has an excellent plan of the
town, and above thirty woodcuts, the
frontispiece being a good representation
of the statue of Lord Clive, which now
stands in the Market-square, but was a
short time since familiar to the eyes of
Londoners in Whitehall Gardens. The
Guide is rendered additionally useful to
visitors, by concluding with a series of Ex-
cursions extending to Haugbmond Abbey,
Acton Burnell, Boscobel, Wellington, the
Wrekin, &c ; in short, to most of the places
to be visited by the Congress, and many
others beude.
The Reliquary, No. I. Edited by Llew-
ELLZvir Jewitt, F. S.A. (London: J.
Russell Smith. Derby : W. Berarose and
Sous.) — We highly value local illustrators,
and are always glad to lend our aid when
they come before the public. The present
is the first of a quarterly series intended
mainly to illustrate Derbyshire, and the
task could hardly have been undertaken
by better hands. Mr. Jewitt is known as
an authority on Derbyshire topc^aphy,
and he is a poet into the bargain. Hence
we have an Anthology, and also several
original poems ; and though there is
enough of legitimate antiquarian lore to
satisfy the archeeologi^t, there are also
several lighter sketches. Among the first
we may name an illustrated Catalogue of
Anglo-Saxon and Norman coins minted at
Derby ; a description of the Wall Paint-
ings at Melbourne Church; Original Docu-
ments, and Reprints of Rare Tracts; in
the second, where the poetic element pre-
dominates, we have a most giaceful paper
on the beautiful old custom, familiar to
the reader of Shakespeare, of carrying
garlands at the funeral of unmarried
females; and another on the Superstitions
connected with the Fern Plant, which are
both from the pen of the Editor, and the
latter one supplements a more business-
like article on the Physiology of Ferns,
with a list of Derbyshire specimens, by
Dr. Goode, which will be acceptable to
the botanist. An old Derbyshire mansion
(now a ruin), King's Newton Hall, and a
sketch of a local celebrity, John Gratton,
an early Quaker, will please the historian
and the biographer ; and among the
Original Documents is one that settles
a disputed point in the family history
of Anthony Babington, the Derbyshire
gentleman who attempted to rescue Mhtj
Queen of Scots. Rarities in natural his-
tory, aim several curious Notes, Queries
and Gleanings, complete the first instal-
ment of the •• Reliquary, " which well
justifies the rest of its title, "A Depository
for precious relics, legendary, biographical,
and historical, illustrative of the habits,
customs and pursuits of our forefathers."
The number is illustrated by five plates
and about a dozen wood engravings ; and
if the succeeding parts are as good as the
first, the work will certainly deserve, and
173
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Aug.
we hope will reoeive, the patronage of all
who are interested in the romantic region
to which it is mainly devoted.
Lancashire and Cheshire Wills and In*
ventories from the Ecclesiastical Court,
Chester, The Second Portion. Edited by
the Rev. O. J. Piocope, M.A., Curate of
Brindle. (Printed for the Chetham So-
ciety.)— This is the second volume of the
series devoted to the selection of testa-
ment iEiry documents from the Consistory
Court at Chester, and we are informed
that a concluding volume is in the press
With a general index to the whole. The
present volume contains 105 wills and iu-
ventdries of individuals who lived be-
tween the years 1483 and 1589, and the
(dditor has not limited his selection to any
particular class of testators, but includes
the wills of ecclesiastical dignitoriis,
knights, squires, yeomen, and widows.
Many of these wills and inventories contain
curious domestic particulars, and we are
struck not only with the fervent piety of
many of the testators, but also the gener-
ous concern they shew for their intimate
friends and family domestics. An old,
yet amiable, widow dying, will leave a snug
corner in her will for some aged servant
of her household, perhaps a little leg^y in
tile shape of money, or a piece of furniture
as a heirloom. A mistress Isabel Typ-
pinge, of Manchester, widow, leaves " unto
the poore ffolckes twenty powndes, to be
bestowed at the discretion of my executor :
unto my doughter in lawe, Mary Typ-
pinge, my b^t peece of plate, and my best
gloves;" a prebendary of Chester be-
queaths to a fellow dignitary his hat and
velvet bag, with his "best jackedd and
doublett," whether for future use or a
pious in memoriam, is left, we suppose, at
the discretion of the legatee ; another tes-
tator, mindful of the faithful services of
her servant-maid, leaves as a suitable be-
quest "one brasse potte which was her
iTathers, lyinge to me in pawne for tenne
shillings;" but the inventory of Dame
Cicely Delves presents a formidable cata-
logue of household effects, shewing how
a domestic establishment of the sixteenth
century could not well be conducted with-
out the culinary aid of "potts, pannes, skel-
lets, and chaffers." The will of Sir Henry
Turton, Fellow of the Collegiate Church
at Manchester, leaves 2d. to the bellman,
and 5s. for the relief of poor people, all
his pricksong books of masses and anthems
to the College, and to Sir John Bexw> ke
two pairs of spectacles, with the charitable
request that his "portews be gyven to
sume poore pryst new mayde, to pmy
for me."
Many of these wills throw consider-
able light on the antiquity of some of the
old Lancashire families; one in particular,
that of Robert Entwysle, of the Foxholes,
will so inttrfere with the family pedigree
recorded in the College of Arms, by Mr.
Lodge, in 1807, as to " render the upper
part of that pedii^ree of more than ques-
tionable authenticity." Amongst the wills
we find one of Robert Holt, of Stubly,
Esq., bearing date Dec. 18, 1554, and iu
a note we are told the testator ''bought
abbey lands, rebuilt his house of Stubly
(circa 1528), conformed to the Reforma-
tion, promoted its extension in the par'sh
of Rochdale, and was an influential justice
of the peace." The family of Holt was at
one time the most influential in the parish
of Rochdale, some of the family fought
with distinction in the Scottish wars, and
a Thomas Holt wus knighted by Edward,
Earl of Hertford, and the manor of Spot-
land bestowed upon him by Henry VI If.
in coDsideratiou of his services. We find
them fighting as staunch royalists under
the royal standards at Edgehill and Mars-
ton Moor, and following the fortunes of
Charles on other disastrous battle-fields.
A James Holt died on Flodden Field, and
oHe of the Holts of Sale was a judge in cri-
tical and disastrous times. The Rochdale
Holts were the principal landowners in
the pnrish, holding large estates in Stubly,
Chesholm, Naden, Honorsfelde, Spotlande,
Bury, Myddleton, Butterworthe, and Cas-
tleton, as appears from the will of another
liobert Holt, who inherited the estates on
the death of his uncle mentioned above.
A third Robert, who died In 1561, after
requesting that his body be buried in " ye
chaunsell within the perocho churche at
RAchdale, or elsewhere it shall please Qod
I860.] WheweJVs Platonic Dialogues for English Readers. 173
>»
ft
to dispose," leaves Gs. 8d. towards the re-
pairs of the said parish church, to his son
Charles all his carts, harness and timber,
&C., " trustyug that he wilbe good to his
mother, and to his brother, and sisters,
thtn to " ye servyoe at Litelbroughe viij*.,
and afterwards provides fur his daughters,
Margerie and £lyn, whether they be mar-
ried or not. We beUtve this ancient family
of the Holts is now extinct in the male
line, and that uotliing is left of the Holts
of Grisleburst, Castleton, and Stubly, but
their ancient halls, where healths ten
fathoms deep were drunk to the King
across the water, and perdi ion to the var-
lets who hoisted the standard of the Pro-
tector. The arms of the Holts are to be
seen in the east window of Littleborough
Church, and read, Ar., on a bend engrailed
sa. three fleur-de-lis of the flrst. Crest, a
spear-head ppr. Motto> Ut sanem vulnera.
Of these " Wills and Inventories" so judi-
ciously collected by the Messrs. Piccope,
father and sop, we have only to regret the
great scarcity of editorial notes. Antiqua-
rian documents are at best but musty
deeds, and to the uninitiated cabalistic
bits of parchment, unless the antiquary by
his learning and research invests them with
an historical charm. We have known
" daubs" found iu lumber rooms, after un-
dergoing a skilful cleaning process, turn
out to be wonderful Titians or irreproach-
able Giottos; and old documents by the
critical light thrown upon them, so as to
penetrate the umbra antiqtus, have proved
invaluable records. These wills furnish so
many tempting opportunities for annota-
tions on persons, household goods, and
chattels of the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, that we must confess to a dis-
appointment in not meeting more fre-
quently with them.
Platonic Dialogues/or English Readers.
By William Wuewell, D.D. Vol. II.
Antisophist Dialogues. (Cambridge and
London: Macmillan and Co.) — We no-
ticed with much satisfaction the appear-
ance of the first volume of this most
praiseworthy attempt to render the Pla-
tonic Dialogues really intelligible by the
mere English reader, and we arc glad to
find that it has been received with such
favour by the public as to induce the
learned translator to carry on the work.
We should be still better pleased if we
might indulge the hope of receiving at
least the *' Republic" Irom him in a similar
form. As before, the best thing that we
can do to give an idea of the object of
Dr. Whewell's labours and his mode of
carrying them out, will be to quo.e a
portion of his Preface : —
" The Dialogues I now publish I term
'the Antisophist Dialogues,' iuasmuch as
they are muinly occupied with ciscussiona
in which persons who have been called
* Sophists' by Plato and by his commenta-
tors, are representeii as refuted, perplexed,
or silenc^. Of such persons there will
be found in the following pages, Protago-
ras, Prodicus, Hippias, Gorg'as, Polus,
Callicles, Ion, Euthydemu:*, Dionysiodo-
rus, and Thra ymachus, who is, however,
much more prominent in the First Book
of the Republic. But though these per-
sons are all included by home of Plato's
admirers under the term iSophists, — are
all involved by many commentators in that
charge of false rea«oniug and sinister pur-^
pose which toe imply by that term, — and
are looked upon by many persons as a sect
or party who made common cause, cor-
rupted the moral principles of the Athe-
niansi and were unmasked and put down
by Plato; they were, in truth, most di-
verse in their teuets, characters, position,
mode of discussion, and objects ; and were,
several of them, as strenuous inculcators
of virtue and as subtle reasoners as Plato
himself. This results from what we know^
of them from all quarters, and indeed from
Plato's own representations. That this is
really the case with the so-called Sophitits,
is a proposition which has been proved
and illustrated by Mr. Grote, in a manner
which combines the startling effect arising
from great novelty with the solid convic-
tion arising from plain good sense; — a
very remarkable combination to fiud in-
troduced, in owr own day, into one of the
most familiar periods of ancient history.
I think that the reader of the following
pages will find in the Dialogues them-
selves, and in the Remarks upon them,
sufficient evidence of the general truth of
this position. I wuuld, however, refer the
reader for a fuller confirmation and illus-
tration of it to the eighth volume of Mr.
Grote's JSistary of Greece.
" Undoubtedly some of the interlocutors
in the following Dialogued are represented
174
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Aug.
as engfiged in mere quibbling, as Eutby-
deums and bis brother, in the Dialoj^ue uf
that name ; and others are maile ridicalous
by vanity, as Ion and Hi[ipias. But tho
quibbling in the Euthydemus hardly
reaches the dignity of sophistry; and
nothing appears to me a more wonderful
proof of the sweeping prejudices of the
commentators than this, — that some of
them see no difference between this quib-
bling and the calm consistent moral dis-
sertations of Protagoras. Yet so it is.
The 'argumentum' of the Protagoras in
Bek leer's edition of Plato, for instance,
begins thus : —
*' ' Hi^jus disputationis idem est cum
Euthydemo scopus et argumentum : nempe
est inanes Sophistarum speculationes de-
tegantur conspectoqae fastu et vauitate
contemnantur et procul rejidantur.'
"The reader of the following pages
may judge for himself whether the scope
and ailment of the Protagoras and the
Euthydemus are the same, or are at all
alike; and whether in the Euthydemus
there be any speculations ; and whether
in the Protagoras the speculations of that
philosopher are proved to be empty.
" Mr. Grote has • further shewn very
clearly that if Plato argued as some of
the commentators represent him as argu-
ing (in the peraon ot Socrates), he would
really be guilty of the duplicity and un-
fairness with which they charge his oppo-
nents. This, however, is not really the
case. Plato is in search of a Theory of
Ethics solidly and scientifically founded
upon Ideas and Definitions, and is always
ready to prove that the doctrines of his
0|iponents are worthless, because they can-
not be made to supply such a theory.
Protagoras, Prodicus, Hippias, Gorgias
and the rest, are to him Sophistt in the
disparaging sense, because they cannot
meet his demands for such a system ; just
as Jeremy Bentham might have called
Butler, Price, and Clarke, Sophists ; or as
Coleridge might have called Locke, Con-
dilUc, and D'Alembert, Sophists.
*' In the Dialogues contained in the pre-
sent volume, Plato, though he ngects the
doctrines of hb opponents, does not esta-
blish u system of his own. The Republic
does contain such a system, and may be
regarded as the point towards which these
Dialogues converge : although, indeed, the
first Book of the Kepublic is really a Dia-
logue of the Antisophist class, and might
very fitly be entitled ' Thrasymachus,' and
included in that class, if it had not been
mndesirable to dismember the Republic"
The result of the publication of these
Dialogues, if we mistake not, will be a
considerable amendment of the ordinary
estimate of the Sophists; and new judg->
ments will probably be formed on many
other points of ancient history, when the
plain common sense of mere English read-
ers is assisted by men who, like Dr. Whe-
well, have the happy talent of conveying
the result of learning to less exalted
minds without any of the affectation and
mystery of the old Classic Professors, who
could never condescend to turn Greek, or
Latin, or Hebrew into a living language;
fortunately we have now those who un-
derstand all these tongues, and half a
dozen more, and yet are not ashamed of
their own.
Our Public Worship, Three Sermons
preached at St. Mary Magdalen Church,
Oxford. By the Rev. R. St. John Tyb-
WHITT, Vicar. (Oxford and London :
J. H. and Jas. Parker.) — Of these dis-
courses the first is devoted to the question
of "Improving the Service;'* the two
others to the theme of " Preachers and
Hearers." One of the complaints of the
would- be- revisers of our Liturgy is that
the services of the Church are not "in-
teresting," and they conceive that they
may be made so by alteration, and short-
ening, and particularly by suppression of
repetitions. Mr. Tyrwhitt replies, —
" Whose fault is it if God*s worship is
tedious and dull, if the prayers of the
Church are dull prayers, as we hear it
said? They are not dull to those who
want to have them granted ; they are not
tedious to any who ask in faith and hope
to obtain. ' But they are full of repeti-
tions.' Of course those repetitions are
irksome to those whose thoughts are in
their pleasure or their merchandize, and
whose real feeling about the service of
God is how to get it over
There are several questions which one may
very fairly ask those who neglect our
public service, and those who wish it to be
altered in order that they may be atten-
tive to it, instead of inattentive. But it
is impossible practically to ask them, as
the answers are difficult and compromis-
ing; a clear answer can never be got.
However, one of them is. Do you ever
pray in private, really asking for some-
thing yon wish for, and really hoping to
I860.]
TyrwhiWs Public Worship.
175
gain it ? . .♦ . . . If public prayer
is anything, it is an intensely serious and
important matter, of its own nature in-
volving great interests of ours, whether
we choose or not to call it interesting.
And this point is worth dwelling upon,,
that public prayer is also private prayer,
if it is prayer at all. Each must cry out
of the depths of his own heart in all the
prayers said here. No one comes here to
have prayer said for him, so much as to
pray for himself and others. Here we
are, indeed, specially pres^^nt before God ;
they who believe this will be slow to cri-
ticise those time-honoured prayers, many
of which have been used from time imme-
morial by saints and martyrs, such as also,
even in after time, were many of those
reformers who transbited and c mpiled
them for us. This call for our service to
be made interesting is fatal indeed, because
want of interest in God's service is a fatal
sign. It is not that inattention or wan-
dering thoughts are fatal, but that the en-
deavour to find some service of God which
shall be interesting to worldly men shews
a fatal ignoranc - of Him and the service
He will accept. Something pleasing, some-
thing striking, something dramatic, some-
thing to do us good in spite of ourselves,
something which shall serve God and Mam-
mon at the same time, something to make
the strait gate broad and the nanow way
wide; something to get us to heaven
without our really belitving in it ; some
way of spending two hours plea<mntly and
ea<«ily, those two hours out of all the week
which the British nation seem to consider
really too much to set apart for the wor-
ship of Him who made broad Britain.** —
(pp. 13—16.)
In treating on preachers and hearers,
while expressing a well-considered opinion
that " sermons are not, and never have
been, or will be, the most important part
of our public service,*' Mr. Tyrwhitt
touches thus on one of the main reasons
(in his opinion) why modem preaching
faila of efficacy : —
"People in general like to hear what
they believe confirmed by the determined
adherence and clear statements of the man
who speaks; and so far it is well. But
it is not well when they begin to suspect
danger in him whenever he digresxes in^o
something they do not know ; it is not well
when a man is quarrelled with for putting
truth in a new light, or for going into a
new train of thought. And fear of this,
and habitual over-care about this matter,
is a thing which stands greatly in the way
of njany who preach God*s word. What
terror I have known good and worthy
servants of the Lord live in of going off
a beat<'n track, of suggesting strange
thoughts to mcn*s minds, of not being un-
derstood, of saying unsafe things, and the
like. And this timidity of theirs was not
all their fault, indeed : it was in part their
hearers'. And then their hearers, and
perhaps they themselves, wonder that
some eccentric genius out of the Church,
trained to oratory, full of energy and con-
fidence, nowise hampered by knowledge
of truths against him, using all kinds of
humour, high and low, to aid him in bring-
ing out the thought that is in him, is
more attractive and interesting. Of course
he is. And if Gotl's worship on His Sab-
bath consist entirely of being attracted
and interested, let us go anywhere in
search of the greatest attraction, and
wherever there is most interest: very
many do. If there be a truth of God our
Father, Redeemer, and Sanctifier; if there
be a Church of His faithful people who
have p-issed down that truth from age to
age, let us hold by His Truth and His
Church. Verily, truth is worth more to
us than oratory.
" But only consider, if nine out of ten
of those who weekly strive to preach Goit's
word rightly and truly gave full loose to
their imagination, feeling, humour, and
energy, — that is what they are told to do
in all manner of newspapers, novels, criti-
cism', and conversations, — how would it
be received ? Is it to be required of every
man, is it God*s pleasure that every
preacher should have the gift of sharp
utterance, and dry humour, and heat of
heart, and contagious sympathy P Require
it if you please : you cannot have twenty
thousand men in the land all so gifted, or
have them educated to it. And if all
were so — I say it again — in the present
temper of some of the best people among
us, their preaching would be unsatisfac-
tory: no one wotild know what to rest
upon. Who ever heard of a clergy all
orators ? Who ever heard of an army of
nothing but drummers ? Who ever heard
of a city lit for a long winter with nothing
but fireworks ? And who ever knew any
good whatever come of a congregation all
excitement ? Indeed I never did." —
(pp. 38—40.)
The fact is, that
" There is much brick-making without
straw required of the English priesthood.
Those listeners who know all already must
be content to hear what they knew before ;
176
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Aug.
those who do not think they know all
must he content to he instructed, to he
quick to hear and slow to speak, in short,
to be more patient There
is nothing new under the sun, strictly
speaking ; nor can any man always speak
in a manner new or interesting to the
more experienced or hetter-in^rmed part
of his hearers, hecause he often has to go
over well-trodden ground for the benefit
of others. Let all, then, be patient with
strangeness, and patient with trite and
well-known knowledge." — (44, 46.)
The Year of the Church, A Course of
Sermons by the late Rev. R. W. Huntley.
Edited by the Rev. Sir George Pbetost.
(Oxford and London : J. H. and Jas.
Parker.) — These sermons were delivered
to the population of an agricultnral parish
in Gloucestershire, (Boxwell-cum-Lcigh-
terton, on the Cotswolds,) and accordingly
" they enter into no controversies, except
on points which are actually controverted
among such a class, or with respect to
which at least they stand in immediate
need of instruction and warning, e.g. the
question of faith and works. Still less do
they contain any display of strong reli-
gious feeling, for the author was one to
whom it was natural to veil to a great
degree his strongest and deepest eroo*
tions." Such is the testimony of the
Kditor, which an examination of the
volume fully hears out. Sir George Pre-
vost has prefixed a pleasing memoir of Mr.
Huntley, a man of most amiable character,
who did good in his generation by taking
a very active part in preventing the ex-
tinction of the see of St. Asaph for the
purpose of endowing that of Manchester.
Reminiscences : by a Clergyman's Wife,
Edited by the Dean of Canterbury.
(Rivingtons.) — The scenes and incidents
described in these pages have mostly come
under the Editor's own knowledge. "They
are recorded,** he says, " not because there
is an^rthing in them exciting or extra-
ordinary, but that they may be the means
of stimulating those who read them to
take advantage of their opportunities of
doing good; that they may shew the
power of kindness in winning those whom
we sometimes deem inaccessible; that
8
they may relate in a pqpnanent form
some remarkable examples of simple god-
liness, and of deep unswerving attach-
ment." The book bears in every page
evidence alike of the shrewd common
sense and the kindly feeling of its author,
and we trust that it will reach those who
have the means as well as the will to
second her benevolent views.
The work is divided into chapters,
treating of the London Poor, and the
Country Poor, which abound in traits and
sketches that give us a most favourable
idea of both the head and the heart of the
writer. A Mixed Chapter contains other
sketches, both at home and abroad; and
the concluding one, called "Friends at
Rest," offers many deeply interesting par-
ticulars of the Rev. Charles Hodge, who
was lost in the ** Royal Charter" in Oc-
tober last. But we own to have been most
affected by the pictures of the London
poor ; not the idle, clamorous mendicants,
but the quiet, honest creatures, who work
and starve uncomplainingly, and who need
many such energetic friends as the Cler-
gyman's Wife to find them out, and bring
relief and comfort. Therefore we prefer
to quote, instead of anything else, a few
of her experiences of them, the scene of
which, we believe, lies in the immediate
neighbourhood of Quehec-street Chapel : —
"Many of the Ijondon poor live in
alleys and courts, quite close to fashion-
able streets and squares; and are sup-
ported by the employment their rich
neighbours give them. They occupy some-
times single rooms in good houses, over or
under shops. Tliey live often in great
discomfort and dirt, large honseholds
crowded into one room, and twenty fami-
lies sometimes in one house. Many of
them live in the mews; and here they
are often stowed away in strange places.
I have been told than in case of sudden
illness great inconvenience and even danger
has been occasioned by this circumstance.
One poor woman told me she was tiken
in Itbour when quite alone, and could
make no one hear. During the whole of
this trying period she had no one with
her; and it was not till after her child
had been bom for more than an hour,
that her husband came home to tea,
only just in time, she said, to save two
lives "—(pp. 5. 6.)
" On my first acquaintance with old S.
I860.]
Reminiscences : by a CltnujymaiC s JVife,
177
and bis wife, their dialect at once betrayed
them to me as being West-country people.
They occupied one small room, and in it
they were carrying on both their employ-
ments together — he .at his last, she with
her ironing. . . .
" He lived in a close, noisy, dirty mews ;
what a contrnst to the rocky glens and
fresh sea-breezes of the bome of his child-
hood! But the old man seemed quite
contented. Ho was always very busy,
saying, * Now all the grand folks are
come up, I have plenty to do; for they
bring lots of servants, and many of them
employ ine: and my wife gets up their
shirts and neckcloths ; for thfy dress like
gentlemen, not like our country folk ; but
we must not find fault, as this fashion
gives us employment. Down in the West
there they are so poor, I am sure I could
not get a living there ; bat I should like
to see those hills once again.'
" As the old man was one day running
on in this strain, I stopped him by asking
who lived in tlie next room, for I had
often heard a low, murmuring souud, as
of a child reading.
•* * Mrs. H.,' was the answer. * Don't
you know her ? She is the best laundress
in the mews, and the most industrious
woman too ; for she strives night and day
at her work, and she has cause; for she is
a poor, lone widow, away from her coun-
try, with one only son left of all her family,
and he is dying of consumption. He is
the best lad that ever lived, and spends
all the time he has free from pain in read-
ing the Bible to his mother, and praying
for her. On Sunday, when she is not
working, we often go in to he*r him read
and pray; and it docs me good to hear
such words from one so young and sickly.
I, who am old and strong, could not say
half such good things."— (pp. 7—10.)
The poor lad is visited : —
" ' How long have you been so ill, my
poor boy ?' said 1 ; * do you suflfer much ?'
"The boy was too shy or weak to
answer my questions; and something
seemed to have affected him, though ho
strove very hard to hide his feelings.
•* I saw some tears roll down his pallid
cheeks, and fall on his Bible, which lay on
his lap ; and he turned his large, clear,
bright eyes on his mother, as if he wished
her to speak for him.
"During this pause I had time to
glance round the room, which was soon to
bo the chamber of death ; and it now held
a spirit ripening for glory. It was a very
low, mean room, with bare bUjJ|
walls. The large ironing-board
Oekt. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
occupied it, except one recess, where lay
the poor lad on a sort of half-easy-chnir,
half-bed. From every part of the ceiling
hung the clothes which had been ironed,
consisting of beautiful linen shirts, and
articles of ladies' clothing, which had evi-
dently been got up in the bfst style.
" Airs. II. was ironing most vi;;orouHly.
By her side was a large stove, which
heated her irons, and dried her linen, but
which made the room most uncomfortably
hot and clo^e fur the poor boy, who seemed
almost fainting with heat. . .
"I never found him alone. She was
always ironing; he read ng his Bible. I
once suggested the ho-pital to his mother,
observing how much he was tried by the
steam of the hot room, but the idea of
a separation would not be listened to for
a moment.
" * I cannot part with h'm, even if he
will go. Will you leave me, Billy d«»ar ?'
" The poor lad was too much afTectt'd tq
speak; but the intense love with which
he gazed on his mother F.pok<; his hrart.
Ihis was one of my last visits. I was
obliged to leave town for a few dnys; and
when I returned, I heard that a sudden
change, added to the extreme heat of
that Julv, had removed this cherished
child to his heavonlv home." — (pp. 10 —
It).)
The wMow was visit o*! after her be-
reavement, and wc hato road few things
more touching than her statement to the
benovolcMit Inily : —
"MIo wiMit. iiff like a lan:b. I feared
and dn*»dcd diMith ilruggle* kztd cjn-
vulitiouH ; for I had hoeu szch d^-ktli
amongst my di-ar cliildrt^n. My firs: bk.:ti.-
was a whole day dyi- g in iinr^ c.i--
vulsionn ; and U)y dear husKind aa j kll of
them died vi-ry hard ; but God, ia luercT,
saved me this trial the last time.
" ' When he was gone I pra> ed lo hard
that I might die too; but that wm not
right, perhaps for I am not >et fit to fo :
I have not the gentle ChriAian apm of
that dear stunted child.
" ' He lies in Rennl Gnen
I knew ho would like to lie
his father, and brotben. and mIbi. £«
feared I should not be aUe to afind t^
bury him there ; so he
word about it. Bat I
God ! and nearly peid tm jt
shirts will do it, aai aH
skirts belonging te ,
Whenlheaid
week, I WM • ^^ j
diately, I lUl i^ teit j, * .
things, arf 1 - -
178
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Au
S
them to pay for my dear child's last
earthly resting-place. And as for my
own mourning, my grief is too sincere to
want any show. I know he would much
rather I should pay for his burial, and get
mourning when I can afford it ; and so I
shall act as I know he would have liked
best.' "—(pp. 24, 25.)
What a noble spirit must this poor
woman have been gifted with! who can
think of her unmoved ? and who would
not wish to possess the book that relates
so touchingly
** The short and simple annals of the poor T"
Illustrations of Useful Arts, Manufac^
tures, and Trades, By Chables Tom-
LI If BON, £sq., Lecturer on Natural Science,
King's College School, London. (Society
for Promoting Christian Knowledge.) —
This is really an excellent work to put
into the hands of an intelligent youth, and
if done justice to, by the recipient bestow-
ing only a very moderate share of atten-
tion, it will do more to furnish a know-
ledge of " common things" than any book
that has as yet fallen under our notice.
The price is wonderfully moderate (8s.)
for a 4to. of 230 well-printed pages, illus-
trated as they are by nearly 1,400 wood-
cuts, which give the principal tools and
implements employed in some seventy
miinufactures and trades. The author is
evidently well practised in the art of
explaining such matters, and any one,
young or old, may turn to his pages with
the certainty of gaining useful informa-
tion, whatever may be the subject of in-
quiry. The mysteries of cotton-spinning,
of weaving, of brick-making, glass-making,
and metal -working, are all laid open in
sufficient detail to enable any one to un-
derstand what they may hear mentioned,
or themselves observe regarding them ;
io with a large variety of other subjects,
from needles, crockery- ware, and gas, to
houses, ships, and railways. Agricultural
operations, too, are noticed, and the town
lad may learn to cast an intelligent glance
at the labour of the farmer, the shepherd,
or the miller, whilst the country youth
may g^in a fair insight into the trades
that are more particularly carried on in
dties or in factories ; and the opportunity
is taken to throw in here and there a few
sensible, well-meant hints on the mutual
dependence of the town and country popu-
lations, which may give a very desirable
turn of thought to young persons, who
are but too apt to consider that everything
worth knowing is confined to their own
section of the community.
We should be glad to see advantage
taken of a new edition, to add an Index,
at least of technical terms. Hundreds of
these, of course, occur, and many are illus-
trated by engpravings, and it would greatly
add to the utility of the work if there was
this ready means of reference to them.
Curiosities of Science. Second Series.
By John Timbs. P.S.A. (Kent and Co.)
— This is the sixth and concluding volume
of "Things not generally Known fami-
liarly Explained," and it is devoted to
chemistry. The alchemists pass in array
before us ; the nature of moderm chemis-
try is exhibited with sufficient Ailness,
and also sufficient exactness for ordinary
readers ; chemical manufactures are made
to furnish many readable brief passages ;
but the nature of the work will be best
seen from a brief extract or two : —
"Within the last ten years has been
printed in London a volume of consider-
able extent, entitled 'A Suggestive In-
quiry into the Hermetic Mysterv,* 1850.
This work, ' a learned and valnable book/
is by a lady (anonymous), and has been
suppressed by the author. By this cir-
cumstance we are reminded of a conceal-
ment of alchemical practices and opinions^
some thirty years since, when it came to
our knowledge that a man of wealth and
position in the metropolis, an ad^pt of
alchemy, was held in terrorem by an un-
principled person, who extorted from him
considerable sums of money under a threat
of exposure. Nevertheless, alchemy has,
in the present day, its prophetic advo-
cates, who predict what may be considered
a return to its strangest beUef. The nine-
teenth century has not yet passed away ;
and Dr. Christopher Girtanner, an eminent
profess r of Qottingen, has prophesied, in
a memoir on Azote, in the Annates de
Chimie, No. 100, that it' will give birth
to the 'Transmutation of Metals!' 'In
the nineteenth century,' says the Pro-
fessor, 'the transmutation of metals will
be generally known and practised. Every
I860.]
Francis's Beach Rambles.
179
chemist and every artist will make gold :
kitchen utensils will b^ of silver, and even
gold, which will contribute more than any
thing else to prolong life, poisoned at pre-
sent by the oxides of copper, lead, and
iron, which we daily swallow with our
food.' "
The following shews that it is only the
bad workman who quarrels with his tools ;
the really clever man finds, or makes,
what he requires : —
" Dr. Wollaston was accustomed to carry
on his experiments in the greatest seclu-
sion, and with very few instruments. His
laboratory was sealed to even his most
intimate friends. Dr. Paris relates that
a foreigner once called on Wollaston with
letters of introduction, and expressed an
anxious desire to see his laboratory. * Cer-
tainly,' he replied, and immediately pro-
duced a small tray containing some glass
tubes, a blow-pipe, two or three watch-
glasses, a slip of platinum, and a few test-
tubes. Upon another occasion, after in-
specting Mr. Children's grand galvanic
l»ttery, Wollaston, within a tailor^s thim-
ble, completed a galvanic arrangement by
means of which he heated a platinum wire
to a white heat."
HandhooJc of the British Flora} for
the use of Beginners and Amateurs, By
Geobge Bentham, P.L.S. (Lovell Reeve.)
Flowers of the Field, By the Rev,
C. A. Johns, B.A., F.L S. (Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge.)
We noticed a short time since** two
works that we thought well fitted to call
attention to the beauties that deck our
fields and hedgerows, but are too often
passed by with indifference. These both
aimed at popularity, and to that end kept
in the background the scientific nomen-
clature and arrangement that mnst be
mastered if any satbfactory knowledge of
botany is to be obtained. The works now
before us take higher ground, and are
admirably fitted to arrange and systema-
tize in the closet the rudimentary infor-
mation that may have been gained in the
fields, in company with the former.
Mr. Bentham's is really a most valuable
book. He is a practised writer on other
subjects beside botany, and every page of
* GxKT. Mao., June, 1860, p. 613.
his work bears witness to the fact. He
describes all the flowering plants and ferns
indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British
Isles, and whilst he does this with a scien-
tific accuracy that the most profound
botanist will admire, his pages are readily
comprehended by the merest tyro. This
union of accuracy and simplicity could
only be effected by an acute observer and
a logical thinker, and it is gratifying to
see such a man engaged in a work, cheap,
handsome, and (as far as possible) untech-
nical, and which therefore makes no heavy
demand of any kind on its readers.
Mr. Johns' book is a smaller one than
Mr. Bentham's, and perhaps not quite
so logical in arrangement, but being
furnished with a large number of well-
executed figures of plants, it is calcu-
lated to be very useful. The Introduc-
tion is well written, and the importance
of mastering the details there given is
properly dwelt on. It is remarked that
without this preliminary study the rest
of the work will be of very little use,
but it is made quite as easy by Mr. Johns'
method of treatment, as anything that is
meant to be fixed in the mind, and to be
permanently useful, can reasonably be ex-
pected to be.
These two books are not in any sense
rivals; they would be most advantageously
studied together, and we hesitate not to
say that those who wish to note habitually
the flowers of the garden or of the field,
and thus have agpreeable occupation for all
seasons, cannot do better than possess them-
selves of both these attractive volumes.
Beach Bamhles in Search of Sea-side
Fehhles and Crystals, By J. G. Pbakcis,
B.A. (Routledges.) We learnt long ago
that there were " sermons in stones," and
we have read with edification Dr. Mantell's
'* Thoughts on a Pebble." Here we have an
amplification of the theme, and the writer
is so enthusiastic in his admiration of
*' beaches," and has so many curious things
to tell about them, that it seems we ought
to confess we have hitherto wandered on
them with our eyes but half open; we
used to think the tall chalk-cliffs of Kent,
here gaunt and white, there relieved by
180
Miscellaneous Reviews,
[Aug.
festoons of herbage, more attractive than
the shingle that made ns footsore, but he
has almost persuaded us that we were in
the wrong. He shews that we may find
exercise for all our knowledge in the dae
consideration of "a pebble from the sea-
shore, which the passing schoolboy can
pick up if he pleases, and without looking
at it for a moment, can fiing it at the
head of a gull, or dash it to atoms against
a larger stone." ..." It is a microcosm in
itself; and if it lead us on to further in-
quiry and patient thought, it will amply
repay our trouble, though we have loitered
away many a summer morn or nn autumn
evening among the pebbles of the beach."
Whether they eventually become pebble-
hunters or not, the following passage is
one that our readers may like to see, as a
good specimen of the author's style : —
" The terraces of Margate and Uamsgate
are invaluable to the tired nrtizans of
London seeking their well-earned recrea-
tion ; but no poet could venture to affirm
of them what Scott said of 'Brignall
banks.' that they are 'wild and fair.'
But quit these populous thoroughfares,
and get away to pearly Beachey Head, or
roam the lone strands of Yorkshire or
D^von, or go and lose yourself among
shadowy nooks and gleaming bays in the
sweetest of all islands, (Wiuht,) and you
will then possess the genuine colour, and
scent, and music, and mystery of the sea,
as the Creator has framed and blended
that wondrous element.
" You need not look for pebbles unless
you like; sometimes it were better not.
But saunter down to the water's crinkled
ed^e, and inhale that iudescribtible odtiur
from old rock, slippery now with dulse
and ribbon weed, — Piesse and Lubin distil
nothing to equal it, — and con the page in
Nature's volume which lies open before
you ; it will never give you a head-ache,
nor a heart -ache either."
We must not forget to mention that
Mr. Francis' volume is handsomely got up
in green and gold, and is adorned with
near a score coloured engravings, termed
''chromo-plates," representing the polished
surfaces of pebbles, which if not univer-
sally allowed td be beautiful, may at least
be said to be exceedingly curious. Alto-
gether the work is a welcome addition to
our store of field-books, and may render
a fea-side stroll more pleasant than ever.
First Traces of Life on the Earth; or the
Fossils of the Bottom-Hocks, By S. J.
Mackie, P.G.S., P.S.A., Ac., Editor of
the " Geologist Magazine." (Qroombridge
and Sons.) If we cannot trust a Fellow
of two learned Societies, and an editor to
boot, to whom are we to look for the ** First
Traces of Life on the Earth ?" We trust,
therefore, that we are on sure ground
with Mr. Mackie. From his summary of
the researches of Professor Oldham, Mr.
Salter, and others, among the bottom-
rocks, we learn that —
** If our first traces of it are to be de-
pended upon, organic life has not begun
with the lowest grades, nor with the
highest. In the sediments of those first
sea-washed shores, it is not the shapeless
sponge, which, without locomotive capa-
city, lazily imbibed the briny fluid by one
set of pores to drive it out in streams from
others, nor the simple foraminifer, whose
traces of existence we find; nor was it
man, of highest organization, who has left
his footprints upon those flrst silent shores.
The ancient lug-worm, formed of rings,
and not abhorrent, like the earth-worm,
in its red and unctuous look, but radiant
with gay colours, and beautiful to look at,
like the sea- worms and nereides of our
shores ; and, from their food consisting of
decaying vegetable and animal matter,
indicating therefore the existence then of
sea-weeds, or of the minuter forms of
animal life — the Sertulian zoophytes, ever
and anon protruding their beautiful circles
of hyaline and feathery tentacles, grasp-
ing their tiny, almost microscopic prey,
and the crustaceous Trilobite, all well de-
veloped and by no means simple forms of
animal construction. These, and simple
but largish sea-weeds, are the flrst fossils
the most searching inquiries have as yet
discovered, and, as far as we yet know,
these were all that lived or g^w on those
primeval shores, on which nor waves nor
ripples landed the glittering fish ; for, as
far as we yet know, the wide expanse of
ocean waters was then untenanted by the
scaly tribe."— (pp. 152—155.)
This is rather a favourable specimen of
Mr. Mackie's style; it is in general far
more magniloquent, and sometimes hardly
comprehensible.
Our Home Defences, (Rivingtons.)— We
do not believe that Great Britain lies at
the mercy of even the world in arms, —
I860.]
Wharton's The Queens of Society.
181
she has withstood too much already to
allow the idea, — hat as a strong defensive
armament is now very properly the order
of the day, it does seem strange that
London, of all places, should he left to
any risk that can he avoided. The writer
of this pamphlet strongly urges the plan
of surrounding the metropolis with a chain
of redouhts, and gives high military autho-
rity to prove that the expense would not
he so great as has heen anticipated ; nothing
in comparison to the cost of even a brief
foreign occupation, an argument that is
worth the consideration of the cosmo-
politan philosopher, to whom national
honour is so empty a name, that he has
asked, "After all, is the loss of the Capital
so really vital ?"
meters for life-boat stations, a tabular
statement of 112 lives saved in the first
six months of the year, and detuled par-
ticulars of a few of the most remarkable
cases, — we abstain from copying these, as
we would not wish to deprive our readers
of the pleasure of perusing them in '* The
Life-boat," (which costs but two-pence,)
and thereby contributing something to
the funds of the Institution.
The Life-hoat, (Office, 14, John-street^
Adelphi.) This is the title of the little quar-
terly journal issued by the Royal National
Life-boat Institution, to whose claims on
the public, for services actually rendered,
we called attention a short time since.
We see that the Institution has added
another life-boat to its fleet since then,
making in all 103, which cost from £300
to £400 a-piece, and require an annual
expenditure of about £30 each to keep
them in serviceable order. We trust that
these strenuous exertions in the cause of
humanity will be appreciated as they de-
serve, and we are glad to see that the
Press is quite ready to lend a helping
hand. The proprietors of "Macmillan's
Magazine" have kindly allowed the repub-
lication of a very graphic and truthful
sketch, ''The Ramsgate Life-boat," and
"Once a Week" in like manner con-
tributes a touching poem, " God help our
Men at Sea !" Railway and steam-packet
companies are mentioned as having in
several instances given free conveyance
to the life-boats and their stores, and
foreign Governments have shewn their
sense of the worth of the Institution,
some by commissioning it to procure
them life -boats, and others by trans-
lating the valuable " Hints for the Ma-
nagement of Boats" into their own lan-
guages. Discussions on the Harbours of
Refuge Report, letters on providing baro-
The Queens of Sodety. By Grace and
Philip Whabton. (James Hogg and
Son.) — Here are two volumes of arrant
gossip, and that too about people of whom
we have long ago heard all that anybody
can want to know. Six blue-stockings,
six letter-writers, and a like number of
"eminent political leaders" are thrown
together at random, as " for certain rea-
sons a chronological arrangement has not
been followed," and the reader is hurried
on from Sarah, duchess of Marlborough,
to Madame Roland, from Madame Roland
to Mary Wortley Montagu, from her to
Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire, then to
L. E. L., to Madame de Slvig^^ ^ Lady
Morgan, and to Jane, duchess of Gordon.
These fill out the first volume, and the
second is dis-arranged in the same style.
There we have Madame Recamier, Lady
Hervey, Madame do Stael, Mrs. Thrale-
Piozzi, Lady Caroline Lamb, Mrs. Darner,
la Marquise du Deffand, Mrs. Elizabeth
Montagu, Mary, Countess of Pembroke,
and la Marquise de Maintenon.
Of course it is impossible to throw to-
gether particulars of so many persons
without here and there reproducing some
amusing passages ; but the whole work it
in very bad taste, and mixes up high-flown
sentimentalism and scandal in the style of
a May&ir novel. The Queens presented
to us are very few of them to our taste.
We have no wish to speak depreciatingly
of the departed, but we must consider it
mere moonshine to attribute any great
influence over even a limited Society — a
Society much too small to demand a
Queen — to such women as Mrs. Thrale, or
L. £. L., or Lady Caroline Lamb, or Mrs.
Damer. By reading Fashion instead of
Society, we may tolerate the duchesses of
182
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Au
g-
Devonshire and Gordon, bat we see no
reason for including Madame Muntenon
that would not equally apply to Nell
Gwynne ; while the countess of Pembroke
and Mrs. Montagu might very properly
give place to Hannah More and Mrs.
Trimmer. It is, we allow, difficult to draw
up a list of notable women (or men either),
upon which there will be anything like
general agreement, but we do think the
present selection about the worst that
could be made. The work is one of the
most palpable instances of book-making
that we have seen for some time — ^things
absolutely unconnected with the professed
theme being every here and there brought
in to make up the required quantity (e. g.
the duchess of Gordon was absent from
London in 1780, and there/ore we have a
full account of the No Popery riots of
that year), and such has been the research
of the writers, that they gravely assure us
Sir Philip Sidney " served in a campaign
with the young and brave Prince Maurice,
the son of Elizabeth of Boliemia." Other
slight lapses, like supposing Dr. Donne's
monument to be still to be seen " in our
grand national cathedral of St. Paul's,"
and making Mickleham and Norbury Park
•* near Richmond in Surrey," are only what
may be expected in a book of gossip ; but
the worst is, that we are threatened with
** another volume now in preparation," in
which the buffoon Scarron is to be ex-
hibited, we presume as one of the Kings
of Society.
El FureidU, By Mabia S. Cuinws,
Author of " The Lamplighter" and "Mabel
Vaughan." (Sampson Low and Co.)— The
object of the book with this odd-looking
name, which we are told means " Para-
dise," is to advocate the introduction of
English capital to Lebanon — to throw
down the cedars and elevate the chimney-
shaft ; rather an unpromising affair just at
present. A certain fat little Frenchman,
called M. Trefoil, has established a silk
factory in a mountain village, ** El Furei-
dis," and this he is enabled to fit up with
a steam-engine through a loan from Mr.
Meredith, an English traveller, who of
course falls in love with the manufacturer's
daughter, Havilah Trefoil. '* Father La-
pierre" is a missionary (of what denomina-
tion is not very apparent) of wonderful
acquirements; Mustapha, a Turk, is one
of his converts; Abdoul, a Bedouin, has
been converted two or three times over,
but through jealousy he somewhat belies
his profession by trying to murder Mere-
dith ; this gentleman is saved by Havilah,
marries her, and sails for Europe, ac^m-
panied by papa, who is about to extend
his connexion with the silk-buyers of Spi-
talfields, and Father L. adds to his " paro-
chial duties'*^ the superintendence of the
factory. These, with a handfiil of Maronite
monks, a Druse or two, and the Greek
mama of Miss Havilah, make up the
dramatis persofUB of this out-of-the-way
story.
l^evenan Court, A Tale. By E. A. B.
(Masters.) — We have perused this book
with regret, for we see in it much graceful
writing and deep religious feeling brought
to supportaconclusion that is quite opposed
to our notion of "the eternal fitness of
things." We can admire Walter Trevenan
for selling his birthright in order to re-
lieve his father's difficulties, though they
are caused by gaming, but we do not
admire his sacrificing the means to repur-
chase Trevenan Court after he has toiled
for long years at the bar with that object,
merely to benefit a selfish, idle, dissipated
brother-in-law. Such weak and worthless
characters as Robert Granville should not
be allowed to ruin better people. We
hope that in her next production the
authoress will take a sounder view of life,
not only as it is, but as it ought to be.
Alice of Fobbing ; or. The Times of
Jack Straw and Wat Tyler, (J. H. and
Jas. Parker.) — ^This, one of the most re-
cent of the Historical Tales of which we
spoke a short time since p, is in every way
one of the best. It sketches the great
convulsions of the time of Richard II. in
a way that makes our received "histo-
id Gssrr. Mao., June, 1860, p. M9.
I860.]
Fulford's Songs of Life.
183
rians," from Hume to Pinnock, read very
tamely; gives a lively insight into the
grievances of the people, which lay deeper
than the outrage of the tax-collector at
Dartford ; paints John Wyclifie as he was,
and not as he is commonly represented;
and has, heside, the recommendation of ex-
hibiting pure and graceful characters alike
in the castle and the cottage.
Fairton Villages Marion; Margaret
of Conway ; The Two Widows; Mary
Mertony (J. H. and Jas. Parker) are
some further reprints from the Penny
Post (8d. to 2d.) as cheap, and as interest-
ing as those recently noticed ; and equally
well fitted for wide distribution.
Songs of Life. By Wimiam FuirOBD,
M.A., Pembroke ColL, Oxford. (Heylin.)
— On what principle except Mors janua
vitcB these verses are to be called " Songs
of Life" we cannot conceive — the bulk
have such lively titles as "In Youth I
died"— "On the Death of the Duke of
Wellington" — " Youth and Death" —
"Dead"— "To my Love in Heaven"—
"The Cities of the Dead"— "Doubly Dead"
—"The Riddle of Death"— "The Shadow
of Death" and " The Spirit World." These
are all mostly rhymeless, and all reasonless
productions; we will not be so uncharit-
able as to quote any of them; but we
must give a brief specimen of the wonder-
ful effects produced by love for " truthful
Madeline" (made to rhyme to "mine");
this said love, Mr. P. tells us, —
" Added softness to the moonrise, gave new
shapes and tints to flowers ;
Painted clouds with myriad colours, made
more awful thunder- showers.
Opened with as wondrous magic ears that
had so long been dull.
Ears that now in music caught the essence
of the beautiful. "
Rhyme, it will be seen, is not our
author's forte. He offers us as such
"God" and "wood," "bliss" and "hap-
piness," "stood" and " blood.'
tt
— These well-known works are steadily
progressing. The first brings the history of
England (and incidentally that of France)
down from the close of the American war
to the Peace of Amiens ; the second em-
braces the period from the grant of Bengal
to the Company to the Battle of Sholingur
in 1781. Both are, as usual, well illus-
trated.
BUuski^s Comprehensive Sistory of
England, Pftrte XXVIL to XXX.; JStt-
iory of India, Parti XXUL " ''^^
Harry BirJcett ; the Story of a Man
who Helped Himself By the Author of
" Town Life," &c.
After Many Days ; a Tale of Social
Reform, By Senbca Smith.
Steyn^s Chrief; or. Losing, Seeking,
and Finding, By the Author of " Bow
Garretts," Ac. (Tweedie.)
These three books all belong to that
very peculiar kind of literature termed
" Temperance Tales." We willingly leave
the pleasure and the profit of analysing
the various stories to those who have idle
hours at their disposal. Our opiuion of
them is, that by ridiculously overstating
the case, they are likely to do much more
harm than good. Their writers betray a
very unenviable acquaintance with vice in
its grossest forms, and who can be ex-
pected to listen to such teachers? We
were told long ago, " Wine is a mocker,
strong drink is raging," and if people will
not believe the inspired writer, they will
hardly be led to see the error of their
ways by such efforts as these. Some of
" drink's doings," as one of these authors
aff'ectedly calls it, are bad enough, no
doubt, but to say that every man, woman
and child who tastes " alcohol," even once
in their lives, is ruined for ever, unless
recourse is had to the " gpreat Temperance
advocate," (to whom one of the books is
dedicated,) is simply to venture on a state-
ment that is contradicted by the common
sense and experience of mankind. One
noticeable feature in these tales is, that
the hero of each has a taste for only these
things — hard work, " pure and wholesome
water," and "the excellent publications
of John CasscU" — sufficient substitutes,
apparently, for the faith, hope, and charity
of less enlightened individuals.
184
[Aug.
BIRTHS.
July 24. At Berlin, H.R.H. the Princess Frederick William, of a daughter.
March 19. Mrs. Spencer A. Perceval, Chriat-
church, New Zealand, a dan.
May 9. At Umballah, the wife of Lieut.-Col.
C. H. Blunt, C.B., Bengal Artillery, a eon.
June 2. At Dhurmsala, the wife of T. D.
Forsyth, Esq., C.B., Commissioner of Lahore,
a dau.
June 3. At Poona, the wife of Capt. W. F.
Marriott, a dau.
June 15. At Weymouth, the wife of E. Bayly,
esq., Dorchester Bank, a son.
June 16. The Uon. Mrs. Oowran Vernon,
Montagu-sq., a dan.
In Cleveland-sq., Uyde-park, the wife of Major
A. Bunny, Bengal Artillery, a son.
June 18. At Stoke St. Mary's, near Taunton,
the wife of Octavius Moulton Barrett, esq., a son.
At Wimbledon, the wife of Wm. David Erans,
esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law, a dau.
The wife of Rev. J. Manley Lowe, the Vicarage,
Abbots Bromley, a son.
June 21. At Headfort-house, Lady John Tay-
lour, a son.
June 22. At Heavitree-house, near Exeter, the
wife of Col. Little, C.B., 9th Lancers, a son.
In Devonshire-st., the wife of H. Chetwynd-
Stapylton, esq., a son.
At Barking Vicarage, Essex, the wife of the
Rev. F. H. Seymour, a dau.
June 23. At Great Yarmouth, the wife of Jas.
Hargrave Harrison, esq., prematurely, a son and
heir.
At Clifton, the wife of Henry David Ricardo,
esq., a son.
At Fulham Palace, the wife of the Lord Bishop
of London, a dau.
At Uckfleld, Sussex, the wife of Frederick
Brodie, esq., a son.
At the Parsonage, Sutton Waldron, Dorsetshire,
the wife of the Rev. S. Penrose Downing, a dau.
June 24. At Aikenhead-house, Lanarkshire,
Lady Isabella Gordon, a son.
At Faversham, the wife of the Rev. Lewis W.
Lewis, a dau.
At the Grange, Raheny, near Dublin, the wife
of Lieut.-Col. Luke White, a son.
June 25. At Langham-pl., Lady Mancaster,
a dau.
At Dawlisb, the wife of J. A. Locke, esq., of
Northmoor, near Dulverton, a son and heir.
At Stanley-place, Chester, Mrs. W. Wynne
Ffoulkes, a dau.
At Cbiswick-lodge, Chiswick, the wife of Tarver
Richard Feamside, esq., a dau.
June 26. At Bath-bouse, Piccadilly, the Right
Hon. Lady Ashburton, a dau.
At Ford-park, Mutley, the wife of Mr. C. J.
Bennett, a son.
9
At Fermoy, the wife of Major J. M. Cuppage,
89th Regt., a son.
June 27. At Worplesdon-lodge, near Guild-
ford, the wife of Wm. Bovill, esq., M.P., a son.
At Palgrave Priory, Suffolk, the wife of tho
Rev. Cliarles J. Martyn, a dau.
Juru 28. At Kingsbridge, the wife of Captain
Majendie, R.N., a dau.
At the Craven Hotel, London, the wife of
Major H. R. Phillott, 25th Regt. Madras Infan-
try, a son.
The wife of the Rev. Horatio Walmisley, Vicar
of St. Brivels, Gloucestershire, a dau.
At St. Helier*s, Jersey, the wife of Mi^or-Gea.
Savage, R E., a dau.
At £sher-pl., Surrey, the wife of Hugh Clutter*
buck, esq., a dau.
At Eastbourne, the wife of Edward G. Lowe,
esq., a son.
June 29. At Croydon, the wifie of E. Hodges,
esq., of Edgmond, near Newport, Salop, a son.
At the Rookery, Dorking, the wife of G. A.
Fuller, esq., a son.
At Claremont-ter., Mount Radford, the wife
of Lieut.-Col. Edwards, a dan.
At Choi8i-ter., Guernsey, the wife of Major
Lennox, R.A., a dau.
At Guildford, the wife of R. E. Qeaoh, esq., a
son.
In Blandford-square, the wife of the Rev. J.
Llewellyn Davies, of a son.
At the Rectory, Sutton Veney, Wilts, the wife
of the Rev. George F. S. Powell, of a ton.
June 80. In Hjde-park-gardena, the wife of
the Rev. Edmund Hollond, a son.
The wife of the Rev. Thomas Langford, Rector
of Oxhill, Warwickshire, a son.
July I. At Weymouth, the wif(B of Edward L.
Kindersley, a son.
At Hampstead, the Hon. Mrs. Maurice Dram-
mond, a dau.
July 2. In Lyall-st., Belgrave-sq., Lady Skip-
with, a son.
At Upper Hyde-park-gardens, Lady Stephen-
son, a son, stillborn.
At Fetcham, near Leatherhead, the wife of
Edward Budd, esq., of Westboume-terr., Hyde-
park, a son.
At High Elms, Farnborough, the wife of J<^a
Lubbock, esq., a dau.
July 3. Lady Robert Cecil, a dao.
At Whartons, Sussex, the residence of R. C.
Arnold, esq., the wife of Edwin Arnold, esq.,
M.A., a son.
At Garth-y-Don, Angleeea, the wife of Major
W. D. Hague, a dau.
At Purbech-terrace, Sonthsea, the wife of
Lt-Col. Payn, C.B., 9Srd Regt., a dan.
I860.]
Marriages.
185
July 4. At the Rectory, Nettlestead, the wife
of the Rev. W. F. Ck)bb, Jan., a dau.
At Aldershott, the wife of Capt J. H. Smith,
R.E., of a son.
At 29, Chester-st., Belgrare-eq., the Hon. Mrs.
Macdonald, a dau.
July 5. At Torquay, the wife of Hercules
Scott, esq., of Brotherton, Kincardinesh., a son.
At Aldershott, the wife of Ck>l. Philpotts, Royal
Horse Artillery, a dan.
In West-st., Brighton, Madame d' Arras, a son.
July 6. At Norton-house, Stockton-on-Tees,
the wife of John Hogg, esq., a son and heir.
July 7. At the Maisonette, Broadstairs, Kent,
the wife of Capt. George Swaby, a dan.
July 8. At Stubbing-court, Derbyshire, the
wife of T. H. Pedley, a son.
July 9. At Kensington, the wife of John CMd-
land, esq., formerly of Prospect-house, £ast-
hothly, a dau.
July 10. Mrs. Caldecott, of Richmond-place,
Chester, a son and dau.
July 11. At South-hall, Guildford, the wife
of C. F. Smyrk, esq., a dau.
At Brixton, the wife of Spencer Dally, esq.,
a dau.
July 12. At Dromoland, the Lady Inchiquin,
of twin daus.
At Torquay, the wife of J. R. Henry, esq., late
Capt. 4th Dragoon Guards, a son.
At Ash Grange, near Famborough, the wife of
Lieut.-Col. Carmichael, C.B., S2nd Light In-
fantry, a son.
July 18. At Porthpean, Cornwall, the wife of
De Castro F. Lyne, esq., barrister-at-law, a dau.
July 14. At Banks of Clouden, Kirkcudbright-
shire, the wife of Major Walker, of Crawfordton,
DumfUesshire, a dau.
At Lazey-glen, Isle of Man, the wife of the
Rev. M. A. Pierpoint, a son.
At Chase-house, Lavender-hill, Surrey, the
wife of William Paton Sutherland, esq., a son.
In Cavendish-sq., the wife of Lieut.-Col. F.
L'Estrange Astley, a son.
At Byfleet Rectory, Surrey, the wife of the
Rev. Newton Spioer, a son.
At Castle Rising Rectory, Mrs. Charles W.
Bagot, a son.
July 15. In Chester-square, the Lady Rose
LoveU, a dau.
July 16. At Hum-cottage, Beverley, the wife
of Lieut.-Col. B. Granvile Layard, a dau.
At Sandgate, the wife of Major Hoste, C.B.,
Royal Artillery, a son.
At Knapp-house, Northam, the wife of W. D.
Braginton, esq., a son.
In Cambridge-terrace, Hyde-park, the wife of
the Rev. Richard Atkinson, of Cockerham Vicar-
age, Lancashire, a son.
July 17. At South Crescent-villa, Filey, the
wife of MaJ. Briggs, late King's Dragoon Guards,
a dau.
At the Vicarage, Fremington, near Barnstaple,
the wife of the Rev. J. T. Pigot, a dau.
J%Uy 18. In Upper Hyde-Park-st, the wife of
Robt. Dimsdale, esq., a son.
July 19. At Anglesey, near Gosport, the wife
of Major William Cookson, Durham Militia Ar-
tillery, a son.
At Woolston, Devon, the wife of the late Rev.
Chas. Osmond, a son.
July 20. In Upper Grosvenor-street, the Vis-
countess Stormont, a son.
In Portland-pl., Lady Harriet Vernon, a son.
July 21. In Grosvenor-sq., the Lady Charlotte
Watson-Taylor, a dau.
At the Vale, Ramsgate, the wife of George
Burgess, esq., a son.
In King's-road, Clapham-park, the wife of
Chas. Hill Devey, esq., a son.
In Cambridge-sq., Hyde-park, Mrs. George
Hooper, a son.
In Adelaide-road-north, St. John's-wood, the
wife of Joseph Grieves, esq., a dau.
July 22. At Hackney, the wife of Edward D.
Hacon, esq., a dau.
At Watton-house, Eastry, Ken^ the wife of
James Rae, esq., a dau.
At the Victoria-hotel, Euston-square, the Hem.
Mrs. Frederick Holland, a dau.
At Lansdowne-Toad, Notting-hill, the wife of
£. M. Ward, esq., R.A., a dau.
July 2d. At the Grange, Famham, Surrey,
the Hon. Mrs. Henry Clifford, a dau.
At Hill-side, Wimbledon, the wife of the Rev.
Chas. J. Wynne, a dau.
MARRIAGES.
March 15. At Christchurch, Bong Bong, New
South Wales, the Rev. Wm. Wolseley Campbell,
M.A., Chaplain of H.M.S. ** Iris,'* to Elizabeth
Broughton, fourth dau. of the late Chas. Throsby,
esq., of Throeby-park, Berrima.
May 8. At Calcutta, Thomas Frank Bignold,
esq., B.A., late Scholar of Gonville and Caius
College. Cambridge, deputy magistrate of the
city of Patna, Bengal, second son of Thoe. Big-
nold, esq., of Lakenham, to Sophia Mary, eldest
dau. of Capt. H. Howe, Secretary of Marine,
Fort William, Calcutu.
OvsT, Mag. Vol. CCIX.
June 12. At Kensington, the Hon. James Fitz-
walter Butler, eldest son of Lord Dunboyne, to
Miss Marion Clifford, only dau. of Col. Morgan
Clifford, M.P.
June 18. At Aberdeen, Charles Murray Bar-
stow, esq., to Elizabeth Carr, second dau. of the
late Sir Alexander Ramsay, hart., of Balmain.
At Clifton, Major W. Goode, 64th Regt., son
of Henry Goode, esq., of Ryde, Isle of Wight,
barrister-at-law, to Sarah, only child of G. B.
Leacock, esq., and granddau. of Henry Sealy,
esq., of Berkeley-sq., Clifton.
▲ a
186
Marriages.
[Aug.
At Yeovil, the Her. John Williams, M.A., In-
cumbent of Aberdovey, Merionethshire, to Kathe-
rine, second dan. of John Ryall Mayo, esq., of
Yeovil.
Jwne 14. At Worksop, the Rev. W. H. Pod-
more, Curate of Eddlesborongh, Bucks, to Maria
Marshall, second dau. of the late John Philip
Forrest, esq., of Barborough, Derbyshire.
At Bloxworth, William Henry Clark, esq., of
Mansfield-st., Cavendish-sq., to Frances Amelia,
dau. of the Rev. George Pickard-Cambridge, of
Bloxworth-honre, Dorset.
June 16. At Dorking, James Lererton Wylie,
esq., to Jessie Annie, widow of A. Sudlow, esq.,
and dau. of the late Oeerge Laarie, esq., formerly
of Reading.
June 19. At Woolley, Capt. Withington, 7th
Dragoon Guards, second son of the late Thomas
Ellames Withington, esq., of Culcheth-hall, War-
rington, to Catherine Mary, youngest dan. of
Godfrey Wentworth, esq., of WooUey-park, near
Wakefield.
At Nympsfield, Gloucestershire, Wm. Henry,
eldest son of Peter Playne Smith, esq., of the
Chestnuts, Minchinhampton, to Jane Emily,
second dan. of the Rev. Geo. C. Hayward, M.A.,
Rector of Nympsfield.
At Pembury, Kent, Sir John Charles Kenward
Shaw, hart., to Maria, only child of the late Hen.
Sparkes, esq., of Summerberry, near Guildford.
At St Peter's, Bournemouth, the Rev. William
Urquhart, Reetor of West Knighton with Broad-
mayne, Dorsetshire, to Amelia, only child of
the late George Waddell, esq., of the H.E.I.C.
Bombay Civil Service.
At Pljrmouth, John Stewart Tnlloh, Capt Ben-
gal Artillery, to Mary Yawden, eldest dau. of the
late and sister of the present W. Tremaine, esq.,
of Baocamore.
At Coventry, John Rotherham, Jun., esq., to
Margaret, youngest dan. of the late Joseph Howe,
esq., all of Coventry.
At Shidfleld, Johii, second son of the late Joseph
Carter, esq., of Forton-house, Alverstoke, Hants,
to Agnes, sixth dau. of the late J. J. J. Sudlow,
esq., of Heath-lodge, Weybridge, Surrey.
. At Clifton, Warrington, youngest son of the
late T. G. W. Carew, esq., of Crowcombe-court,
Somerset, to Mary Anne, youngest dau. of Geo.
Aglen, esq., of Sbepton Mallet, Somerset.
June 20. At Durham, the Rev. Henry Walter,
youngest son of WlUiam Walter, esq., of Surbi-
ton-hill, Surrey, to Ann Bllen, only dau. of Anth.
Wilkinson, esq., of Old Elvet, Durham.
At Leamington, William Henry, eldest snr-
Yiving son of the Ute William Alnsworth, esq.,
of Southport to Caroline, youngest dan. of the
Ute John Wilkinson, esq., of Ridgwood, Chorley,
Lancashire, and of Thiekthom, Kenilworth.
At St James's, Paddington, the Rev. R. J.
Boddicom. Rector of Smethcote, Salop, to Ann
Bandars, of Morton-honse, Lincolnshire, youngest
dau. of the late Samuel Sandars, esq., of Gains-
borough.
June 21. At Sturmlnster Newton, the Rev. C.
H. Collyns, M.A., formerly Student of Christ
Church, Oxford, and eldest ton of the Rev. C. H.
Collyns, D.D., Rector of Farrlngdon, Devon, to
Mary Bishop, only surviving ohUd of the late
Thomas Arnold, esq., of Poole.
At Wyke Regis, Dorsetshire, Horatio Beau^
man Young, Capt. R.N., fourth son of the late
Sir Samuel Young, hart., to Elisabeth, only dau.
of S. Pretor, esq., of Wyke-house, Donet
At Clifton, Thomas Cupples Ellis, esq., of Dun-
ran, Wicklow, Ireland, son of the late Henry
Ellis, esq., of Dublin, to Augusta Catherine,
youngest dau. of the Rev. Thomas Borne Lan-
caster, Rector of Grittleton, Wilts.
At East Woodhay, Marmaduke Walter Yava-
sour, esq., eldest son of the Rev. Marmaduke
Yavasour, Yicar of Ashby-de-la-Zoneh, to Sybil
Catherine, only child of Richard Holdsworth,
esq., of the Elms, Hants.
At Caversham, Thos. Davison Bland, esq., of
Eippax-park, to Susannah Emily, youngest dau.
of H. C. Waddington, esq., of Caversham-hall,
Suffolk.
At Great Finborough, James Lambert, esq., of
the Lodge, Mendlesham, to Martha Elizabeth,
second dau. of Frederick Charles Boper, esq., of
Boyton-hall, Stowmarket
At Hartest, John Ely Wright, esq.. Manor-
house, Preston, to Kate, youngest dan. of John
Dickerson, esq., of Hartest.
At St. Peter's, Pimlico, CoL MacDougall, Com-
mandant Staff College, Sandhurst, and only son
of Sir D. MacDougall. K.C.F., to Adelaide,
youngest dau. of the late P. J. Miles, esq., Leigh-
court Somerset, and King's Weston, Gloucester.
At Christchurch, Paddington, Capt. George H.
Pering, of the 21st Royal North British FusiUen,
to Emily Caroline, youngest dau. of John R.
Thomson, esq., of Sussex-square, Hyde-park,
and of Blackstones, Surrey.
At Hove, Henry Fawcett, esq., late Capt
H.M.'s Srd (or King's Own) Light Dragoons, of
Broadfleld, Yorkshire, to Mary, yoonger dau.
of the late Alfred G. Gilliat, esq., formerly of
Mickleham-hall, Surrey, and of Lewea-eresoent,
Brighton.
At Radipole, Weymouth, Ci^t Edward Hen-
derson Starr, Royal Marine Artillery, K.L.H.,
youngest son of George Starr, esq., R.N., to
Elisabeth Mary, youngest dau. of W. Thompson,
esq., of Weymouth.
At Startforth, Yorkshire, William Watson,
Jun., esq., solicitor, Barnard Castle, to Mary,
only surviving child of the late Rev. George
Bowness, Rector of Rokeby.
At Alston, Cumberland, James Dunderdale, of
Crumpsale Castle, near Manchester, to Alice
Ann, only dau. of the late Thomas Potter Heath,
esq., of Newcastle.
At Llanfechain, Montgomeryshire, Sydney
Frederick Arthur Townsend, esq., of Doctors*
Commons, son of the late Richard E. A. Townsi
end, esq., of Springfield, Norwood, to Judith
Jane, eldest dau. of R. M. Bonnor Maurice, esq.,
of Bodynfol, Montgomeryshire.
June 2S. At St Alban's Abbey Church, the
Rev. James Hatchard Bennett, M.A., to Mary
Jane, only dau. of Thomas Casey, M.D.
▲t St. Panoras, Edward Ward Lower, of Ooild-
I860.]
Marriages.
187
ford, to Mary Montague Fairhead, widow of the
BcT. F. J. Fairhead, Head Master of the Royal
Grammar-school, Guildford.
At the Church of the Holy Trinity, Hartland-
road, Middlesex, Robert Conway Hurly, esq.,
Deputy-Iieut., Glenduffe, Tralee, co. Kerry, to
Annie, dau. of William Comins, esq., formerly
of Withcridge, Nort^ Devon.
At Bath, Arthur Osmond, esq., of the Penin-
snlar and Oriental Company's service, to Matilda,
youngest dau. of the late Bmjamin Bartrum,
esq., of Bath.
June 25. At St. Peter's, Fimlico, Col. Fred.
Wm. Hamilton, C.B., of the Grenadier Guards,
to Louisa, fourth dau. of the late Sir Alexander
Anstrutber, of Thirdpart, Fife.
June 26. At Exeter, Arch. Edwardes Camp-
bell, esq., H.M.'b Slst Regt. B.L.I. eldest son
of Major-Gen. John Campbell, of Woodside, Ply-
mouth, to Lucy, youngest dau. of the late Capt.
Henry Cardew, R.E., of Mount Radford, Exeter.
At Fishlake, the Rev. J. W. M*Kinlay MUman,
Incumbent of Sykehouse, to Ad61e Josephine Jus-
tine, eldest dau. of Fran9oi8 Jean de Bake, esq.,
Lille, France.
At Cloyne, W. F. Chambers S. Eraser, esq., of
St. Mary Hall, Oxford, only son of the late J. W.
Fraser, esq., of St. Katherine's Hermitage, Bath,
to Clementina, youngest dau. of F. Daly, esq., of
Cloyne, co. Cork.
At Nassington, Mr. Edwin Charles Cosway,
Notting-hill-ter., Kensington, to Eleanor Maria,
eldest dau. of the Rev. Hewett Linton, M.A.,
Vicar of Nassington and Turwell, Northants.
At St. Paul's, Belgravia, Capt. C. B. Wynne,
90th Regt., to Emily F. G. Gore Booth, eldest
dau. of Sir R. Ctore, bart., M.P.
At Hove, Brighton, Henry Charles Fuldier,
esq., of Mindng^ane, to Anna Elizabeth, eldest
dau. of the late Capt. John Paget, R.N.
At Reigate, the Rev. James Cardwell Gardner,
M.A., Emmanuel College, Cambridge, third son
of Richard Cardwell Gardner, esq., Newsham-
house, near Liverpool, to Sarah Ann, only dau.
of David Waddington, esq., South Bank, Red-
hill, Surrey.
At Helhoughton, Charles George, third son of
R. Dewing, esq., of Bumham Overy, to ElLsa
Maria, second dau. of the late R. 8. Butcher,
esq., of Painswick-house, Norfolk.
At St. Pancras, Middlesex, Henry, eldest son
of the late H. Harden, esq., of Wrington, Somer-
set, to Anna Maria, eldest dau. of tiie late Lieut.
Edw. T. Harris, R.N., of St. Mawes, Cornwall.
At Walcot, Bath, the Rev. Horace Mann
Blakiston, Vicar of Blenhall, Suffolk, second son
of Sir Matthew Blakiston, bart., to Charlotte,
second dan. of the Rev. W. H. G. Mann, late
Vicar of Bowdon, Cheshire.
At Twerton, near Bath, Alexander Allen, esq.,
of Bishport-house, near Bristol, eldest son of
Alexander AUen, esq., of Ballyobigan, co. Down,
to Sophia, eldest dau. of William Morgan, esq.
of Woodlands, Twerton.
At St. Mary's, Chard, Edward John Oppen-
heim, eflq.,of Bifron*8-viIla, Caversham, Reading,
eldest son of Edward Oppenheim, esq., Faring-
don, Berks, to Henrietta Susannah, youngest
dau. of Mr. James Budd, Chard.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt. Daniel
Peploe Webb, of the 4th Dragoon Guards, to
Eliza Theophila, youngest dau. of the late Sir
Theophilus Metcalfe, bart.
June 27. At Lanheme, Thomas Robert War-
ren, esq., R.N., of H.M.'s gunnery ship •* Cam-
bridge," youngest son of the late Rev. Tlunnas
Warren, of Prospect-villa, Coventry, Cork, and
nephew of the late Sir Augustus Warren, bart.,
Warren's-court, in the same county, to Mary
Elizabeth, eldest dau. of G. Borlase Kempthome,
esq., late senior capt. of H.M.I. Navy, and eldest
granddaughter of George Pye, esq., Boconnoc*
house, near Bodmin.
At Bedford, Dr. Herman Steinmetz, son of the
Right Rev. C. Steinmetz, D.D., Superintendent
Lutheran Bishop of the diocese of Edorin, West*
phalia, to^ Ellen Maria, eldest dau. of William
Samler, esq., of Bedford.
At Bromborough, Cheshire, the Rev. A. W.
Bailey, M.A., Curate of St. George's, Everton, to
Emma, youngest dau. of the late Thomas Milton,
esq., of Oakley, Bromborough.
At Aylsham, William, third son of Thos. Paree^
esq., of Hopwell-haU, Derbyshire, to Helen,
eldest dau. of William Henry Scott, esq., of
Aylsham, Norfolk.
At St. James's, Paddington, Douglas Parry
Crooke, esq., of Mount-st., Grosvenor-eq., to
Emily Anne, youngest dau. of Robert Sayer»
esq., of Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park, and
formerly of Sibton^ark, Suffolk.
At Hampstead, Robert, second son of George
J. Morant, esq., of the Elms, Hendon, to Helen
Maria Eliza, only dau. of thje Rev. Henry Lee
Berry, M.A., of Hampstead.
At Pytchley, R. Domenichetti, esq., M.D.,
Surgeon 75th Regt., eldest son of W. L. Domeni-
chetti, esq., late 95th Regt., of Nmth Collingham,
Notts, to Dorothy, dau. of the Rev. C. Heyeock,
of Pytchley-house, Northamptonshire.
June 28. At Salisbury, John Emilius Elwes,
esq., late of the 7th Royal Fusiliers, eldest s<m of
the late John Elwes, esq., of Bossington, Hants,
to Emily Wilhelmina, youngest dau. of the lat«
Rev. G. P. Richards, Rector of Sampford Cour'>
tenay.
At Littleham, Exmouth, E. A. 8e]rmonr Mig«
non, esq., of H.M. Indian Navy, third son of the
late Lieut -Colonel Mignon, of the Boabay Fn-
siliers, to Margaret Bridget, second dau. of th»
late John Charles Campbell, Capt«H.M. 9th Foot,
and granddau. of Richard Daunt, esq., of Knoek-
ahowlea, co. Cork.
At Castle Bromwioh, Warwickshire, the Rer.
Wm. Wilberforce Gedge, M.A., Head Master
of the Preparatory College, Chdtenham, to
Frances Ann, second dau. of the Rev. Edwin
Kempson, M.A., Incumbent of Castle Bromwich.
At Feiring, Sussex, George C. Joad, esq., of
the Cottage, Patching, to Laura Catherine, elder
dau. of Edwin Henty, esq., of Ferring.
At Edmonton, John James Nason, esq., M.B.,
tA Stratford-upon-Avon, to Mary W., seoond
dau. of Henry Biddle, esq., surgeoo, Edmonton.
188
Marriagei.
[Aug.
Also, at the same time and place, Frederick
Booker, esq., of Edmonton, to Thormnthis R.
Biddle, youngest dau. of the above.
At Shillingford, near Exeter, Henry Turner,
esq., Capt. 70th Regt., only son of George Tunier,
esq., late of Everton, Lancashire, to Frances
Oeare, dau. of George Turner, esq., of Barton.
At Lewisham, the Rer. Henry Carr Archdale
Tayler, Rector of Orwell, Cambridgeshire, to
Lydia Elizabeth, dau. of the late Rer. Hugh
Arthur Bishop, Rector of Cley-next-the-Sea,
Norfolk.
At Fleet, near Weymouth, Charles Edward
Naime, esq., Bengal Artillery, third son of Capt.
Alexander Naime, H.C.S., to Sophia Bishop,
eldest dau. of the Rer. John DuprA Addison,
M.A., Vicar of Fleet.
At Swindon, near Cheltenham, William La
Terriere, esq., to Elizabeth Sarah, second dan.
of Wm. Guniey, esq., of Alstone, Gloucestershire.
At Leeds, William Atkinson, esq., of Bristol,
to Anna Sophia, younger datu of the late Samuel
JewittBirohall, esq., of Springfield-house, Leeds.
At Cheltenham, James A. Crowther, esq., to
Selina, second dau. of the late G. B. Lea, esq.,
the Larches, Worcestershire.
June SO. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Col.
George Campbell, C.B., late of the 52nd Regt, to
Emma, widow of Evan Hamilton Baillie, esq.,
•nd youngest dau. of the late Major-Gen. Sir W.
Douglas, K.C.B., of Timpendean, Roxburghshire.
At York, F. G. B. Trevor, esq., of the India
House, London, to Rose, third dau. of William
Hudson, esq., of Ouse Cliff.
At Waloot, Bath, Augustus Purefroy Lock-
wood, esq., surgeon, Scots Greys, Knight of the
Legion of Honour, to Mary Eliza, only child of
Lieut.-Col. Simmonds, late of the Gist Regt., and
widow of Lleut-Col. W. F. Hoey, Wth Regt.
July 8. At Clifton, Joseph Clifton, youngest
■on of Mrs. Mary Bingham of Bristol, to Matilda
Jane, eldest surviving dau. of Mrs. Pleydell,
Richmond-house, Sydenham-road, Montpelier,
Bristol.
At St. Edmund's, Somerset, the Rev. Geo. A.
Mahon, Ineumbent of Leigh-upon-Mendip, and
of 8L Edmund's, to Rosalie Anne, second dau.
of the late Robert A^man Green, esq., of
Flint-house, Holcombe.
At Hampstead, Edwin Walter Lulham of
Norwich, third son of Mr. Thomas Lulham of
Brighton, to Elizabeth Sarah, eldest dau. of the
late W. ECabberton, esq., of Norwich.
At St George's, Hanover-sq., Charles Edward
Badclyffe, only son of the Rev. Charles Edward
Raddyffe of South Sydenham, to Constance
Albuera, dau. of Col. and Lady Maria Saun-
derson, of Clarges-st., London, and Northbrook-
house, Hampshire.
At Christ Church, Forest-hill, the Rev. Thomas
Biehardson, incumbent of St. Matthew's, Pell-
et., and lecturer of the parish of St. George's-in-
the-East, to Anna Sophia, only dau. of Thomas
H. Burrell, esq., Perry-hill, Sydenham, Kent.
At Penshurst, Kent, John Unthank, esq., a
MMter of the Court of Queen's Bench, to Mary,
iUb. of the late Lient-CoL Mooier Williams.
At St. Feock, Herbert Prodgers, esq., second
son of the Rev. Edwin Prodgers, Rector of Ayott
St. Peters, Herts, to Emily Sibella, eldest dau. of
the Rev. Thomas Phillpotts, of Porthgwidden,
Vicar of St. Feock.
July 4. At Rockferry, Cheshire, Thos. Gerard,
«sq., of Liverpool, to Augusta Ruth Cannon,
youngest dau. of Henry Fox, esq., Rockferry.
At Pljrmouth, Chapman Alex. Marshall, esq.,
fourth surviving son of Major-Gen. Marshall,
R.E., of Lipson-ter., to Eliza, youngest dau. of
the late Henry Greenway, esq., of Plymouth.
At Gloucester, T. M. Ward, esq., of Exmouth,
to Mary, second dau. of the late John Lov^rove,
esq., of Gloucester.
At Studley, Trowbridge, Robert, second son
of Thomas Aked, esq., the Grange, Shipley,
Yorkshire, to Henrietta, youngest dau. of the
late Wm. Henry Hill, esq., of H.M.'s Customs,
and nieoe of the late Major-Gen. Robinson.
At Caldeoote, Warwickshire, Perdval Spearr
man Wilkinson, esq., eldest son of the Rev. P. 8.
Wilkinson, of Mount Oswald, Durham, to Adela
Julia Kirkby, eldest dau. of Kirkby Fenton, esq.,
ofCaldeoote-hall.
At Beckenham, Kent, William H. Purdon,
esq., C.E., H.M.'s Indian Service, to Matilda
Maria, dau. of the late Col. Von Reinhardt.
At Birmingham, Henry John, son of John
Ball, esq., Stroud, Gloucestershire, to Caroline,
eldest dau. of WilUam Rayner, esq.. Crescent,
Birmingham.
At Teston, Lieut.-Col. Blckerstafl; late Cara*
bineers, to Grace Locke Elizabeth, youngest dao.
of Charles G. Whittaker, esq., Barming, Kent
July 5. At Plumstead, the Rev. Lewis Stan-
hope Kenny, M.A., Rector of Kirby Knowle,
second son of M. S. Kenny, M.D., Halifkx, to
Arabella Elisabeth Mary, eldest dau. of lient.-
Col. Walker, of WeUesley-house, Kent
At Leamington, Frederic James Orford, esq.,
surgeon, of Wellesbonme, son of the late Rev. J.
Orford of Ipswich, to Emma, eldest dau. of
Robert Gardner, esq., of Leamington.
At Famham, Yorkshire, the Rev. ¥^lliam
Collins, M.A., eldest son of William Collins, esq.,
of Kirkman Bank, to Jane, fifth dau. of the Rev.
Thomas Collins, B.D., of Knaresborough.
At St. Ann's, Lewes, William Joseph, youngest
son of the late Joseph Crabb, esq., surgeon, of
Ware, Herts, and formerly of Christohuroh,
Hants, to Mary Jane, eldest dau. of the lato
Gabriel Grover, esq., of Lewes.
At St John's-snb-Castro, Lewes, the Rot.
George Leopold Longland, of Powis-sq., Brighton,
to Emily, second dau. of Frauds Harding Gell,
esq., of Lewes.
At nford, Wm. G. Bartleet, esq., of Pinners*,
hall, Broad-st, London, and Brentwood, Essex,
to Frances, second dau. of Abraham Tozer, esq.,
of Cranbrook-cottage, Ilford, and Mark-lane,
London.
At Heavitree, Henry, youngest son of the Rev.
Robert Earle, of Wateringbury, Kent, and Vicar
of Minster Lovell, Oxon, to Frances Anne, eldest
dau. of John Spark, esq., of Heavitree, Devon.
At Lee, Blackheath, John Dawson, Jun., esq..
I860.]
Marriages,
189
Gronant, Rhyl, to Mary, third daa. of the late
Roger Dawson, esq., Tottenham, Middlesex.
At St. Mary's-in-the-Castle, Hastings, the Rer.
Edmund Waters, C.B., to Isabella, dan. of the
late Major Close, of the Royal Artillery.
At Stonehouse, Plymouth, Walter Hedger,
esq., Lieut. 10th Foot, youngest son of the late
William Hedger, esq., of Surrey, to Charlotte
Orantley, dau. of Capt. R. B. Beechey, R.N.,
gnmddau. of the late Sir W. Beechey, R.A.
At Dublin, P. Howard Monypenny, esq., second
son of the Rev. J. I. Monypenny, Vicar of Had-
low, Kent, to Emma Melasina, fourth dau. of
John McMunn, esq., M.D., of Rutland-sq. East,
Dublin.
At St. John's, South Hackney, A. Crossfield,
esq., solicitor, of Hackney-rd., to Miranda Eliza,
youngest surviTing dau. of Dr. King, of King
Edward's-road, South Hackney.
July 7. At Dublin, Col. Humphrey Lyons,
H.M.'s Indian Army, to the Hon. Adelaide Ma-
tilda Telrerton, second dau. of Viscount Atou-
more.
July 10. At St. Saviour's, Paddington, Daniel,
only son of Daniel Dallen, esq., of Cobbam,
Surrey, to Ann, third dau. of the late William
Alderton, esq., of Paddington -green.
At Winchester, Captain Francis Tayler, of the
Royal Military College, Sandhurst, to Eliza,
second dau. of Dr. Heale, Winchester.
July 11. At St. Thomas's, Portman-sq., Geo.
C. Bompas, eldest surviving son of the late Mr*
Sergeant Bompas, to Mary Ann Scott, eldest
dau. of the late Very Rev. William Buckland,
D.D., Dean of Westminster.
At York, the Rev. Wm. A. V^htman, M.A.,
Minor Canon of York, to Emily, dau. of the late
William Oldfield, esq., all of York.
July 12. The Rev. C. H. Marriott, Vicar of
Rendbam, Suffolk, to Mary Ann Palmer, only
dau. of the late Thomas Bruce, esq., formerly of
Framlingham and of the Orange, Rendham.
At Boroughbridge, Wm. Thompson, esq., of
King's-road, Bedford-row, London, to Sophia,
youngest dau. of W. Hirst, esq., Boroughbridge.
At St. Leonard's-on-Sea, the Rev. B. R. Theed,
M.A., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and
Rector of Sampford Courtenay, Devon, to Su-
sanna Stewart, dau. of the late Alexander Scott
Abbott, esq., of Cambridge.
At Brampton, William Henry Peach, esq., of
WaingTOve's-hall, to Catherine, dau. of John
Dixon, esq., of Brampton.
At St. Marylebone, Philip Palmer, esq., of
Park-crescent, Brighton, to Clara, fourth dau.
of the late Edward Tilbury, esq., of Patriot-
place, Brighton.
At Great Marylebone Church, the Hon. Ralph
Pelham Nevill, second son of the Earl of Aber-
gavenny, to Louisa Marianne, second dau. of
Sir Charles Fitzroy Maclean, bart.
July 14. At St. George's, Hanover-eq., fltz-
warrine Chichester, esq., second son of the Right
Hon. Lord Edward Chichester, and nephew to
the Marquess of Donegal!, to Elizabeth Julia,
only child and heiress of S. A. Seveme, esq., of
Poslingford, Suffolk.
At Feltham, George Goodwin Norris, esq.,
Lieut, in the 2nd Warwick Regt., eldest son of
the late Thomas Norris, esq., to Mary, only child
of Thomas Pavier, esq., of Hammerwieh-hall,
near Lichfield, Staffordshire, and the Hollies,
Feltham, Middlesex.
July 17. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Henry
Vere Cbolmondeley, esq., son of Lord Henry Chol-
mondeley, to Frances Isabella Catherine, second
dau. ; and, at the same time and place, the Hon.
Charles Murray Hay Forbes, of Brux, Aberdeen-
shire, second son of Lord Forbes, to Caroline
Louisa Elizabeth, third dau. of Lieut.-Col. the
Hon. George A. Spencer.
At Wateringbury, Charles, son of Randolph
Payne, esq., of Norfolk-ter., Brighton, to Eliza-
beth Tyrrell, youngest dau. of Col. Gibson, of
Wateringbury, Kent.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., the Princess Vic-
toria Gooramma, dau. of the late ex-Rajah of
Coorg, to Lieut.-Col. John Campbell, of Her
Majesty's Indian Army.
July 18. At Plymouth, the Rev. J. M. Bart-
lett, chaplain of St. Michael's Mount, and of
Ludbrook, to Charlotte, only dau. of Major-Gen.
Phillips, late Commandant of Marine Artillery at
Portsmouth.
At Ottery St. Mary, Timothy Edward, third
son of Timothy Rhodes Cobb, Esq., of Banbury,
and Cambridge-sq., Hyde-park, to Ellen, second
dau. of Thomas CordeU Newberry, esq., of Ot-
tery St. Mary.
At Mitcham, George Watson, third son of Hy.
Haines, esq., of the Firs, Beulah-hill, Norwood,
to Louisa, eldest dau. of William Beebe, esq., of
Wandle-grove, Mitcham.
At Blofield, Harry Marshall, Capt. »th Queen's
Royal Lancers, youngest son of the late George
Marshall, esq., of Broadwater, Surrey, to Alice
Heath, dau. of the late William Heath Jary,
esq., of Blofield-lodge, Norfolk.
July 19. At Rockbeare, Devon, Col. Hodge^
C.B., late commanding the 4th Royal Irish Dra-
goon Guards, only son of Major Hodge, late of
the 7th Hussars, to Lucy Anne, second dau. of
tbe late James Rimington, esq., of Broomhead-
hall, Yorkshire.
At Streatham, Chaa. E. Fuller, esq., of Basing-
hall-st., London, to Abigail Catherine, second
dau. of F. R. Funneby, esq., Gnildersfleld, Lower
Streatham, Surrey.
At Edinburgh, Thomas James, eldest son of
Edward Monk, esq., of Lewes, Sussex, to Annie
Church, second dau. of Alex. Brodie, esq.
July 31. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Michael
Edensor Heathcote, of H.M.'s 22ud Regt., only
brother of John Edensor Heathcote, esq., of Ape-
dale, and Longton Halls, Staffordshire, and Oren-
Tille-st., London, to Maud, third dau. of James
Lang, Esq., of Greenford, Middlesex.
July 24. At St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, Henry
Bingham Mildmay, to Georgiana Frances Bultecl.
190
[Aug.
^^bUoarg,
{Belatives of Friends supplying Memoirs are Requested to append their Addreeeet, in
order that a Copy of the Gentleilin's Maoazinb containing their Communication
mag be forwarded to them."]
LoBD Sandys.
July 17. At Ombersley Court, Worces-
tershire, aged 68, the Right Hon. Arthur
Moyses William Hill, Lord Sandys of
Ombersley.
The deceased, who was bom Jan. 10,
1792, was second son of Arthur, second
Marquis of Downshire, by Mary, Baroness
Sandys, only daughter of the Hon. Martin
Sandys, and niece and heir of Edwin, se-
cond Lord Sandys. He entered the army
as comet, in the 10th Hussars, in July,
1809 ; and in 1812, then a lieutenant, he
accompanied that gallant regiment to the
Peninsula, saw much active service, and
was present at the action of Morales, and
the battles of Vittoria and Pampeluna.
While on half-pay he was on the staff of
the Duke of Wellington, during the cam-
paign of 1816, as extra aide-de-camp to
the great Duke, and was present at the
battle of Waterloo. Subsequently he was
appointed to the 2nd Dragoons, which he
commanded as lieut.-colonel from the
spring of 1832 to Dec. 1887. He suc-
ceeded to the barony in 1836, was ap-
oppointed colonel of the 7th (the Princess
Royal's Regiment of Dragoon Guards) in
March, 1853, and in August, 1858, was
removed to his old regiment, the 2nd
Dragoons. The deceased was unmarried,
and the title and entailed estates devolve
on Lord Arthur Marcus C. Hill, his younger
brother.
LOBD ELPinirSTOKE.
July 19. In King-street, St. James's,
aged 53, the Right Hon. John, Lord El-
phinstone, G.C.B. and G.C.H.
The deceased, who was thirteenth Baron
Elpbinstone, in the peerage of Scotland,
was bom June 23, 1807, and succeeded his
father in 1813. Ho entered the army as
a comet and sub-lieutenant in the Royal
Regiment of Horse Guards, and in 1832
was gazetted as captain. A few years later
be relinquished the profession of arms,
and received the appointment of (Jovemor
of Madras. He held that office from 1837
to 1842, when he returned to England ;
but shortly after he again visited India
In a private capacity, and travelled much
through our possessions in Hindostan as
well as in Cashmere. Having again re-
turned to England, he was a Lord in
Waiting to the Queen from 1847 to Feb-
ruary, 1852, and from January to Octo*
her, 1853, when he was appointed Go-
vernor of Bombay. It was during the
latter part of his tenure of this office, on
the occasion of the outbreak of the Indian
mutiny, that Lord Elpbinstone displayed
an amount of tact and resolution which
secured him the hearty goodwill of all
parties. On the suppression of that out-
break, he received the thanks of Parlia-
ment for his great services, was made a
Grand Cross of the Bath, and also created
a baron in the peerage of the United
Kingdom. For some years ho had sat in
the House of Lords as one of the repre-
sentative Peers for ScotUind. His lordship
had only recently returned to England,
having prolonged his stay in India at the
express request of the Government.
His lordship was unmarried, and by his
death the Scottish barony descends to his
cousin, Mr. John Elphinstone Fleeming,
eldest son of the kte Admiral the Hon.
Charles Elphiuktone Fleeming, son of the
eleventh baron, bom 1819, and formerly
Captain in the 17th Lancers.
GSNSBAL SlB ROBSBT JOHN HaBYSY,
C.B., K.T.S.
June 18. At Moosehold House, near
Norwich, aged 75, General Sir R. J.
I860.] General Sir Robert John Harvey, C.B., KT.S. 191
Harvey, a very distinguished Peninsula):
officer.
The deceased was born at Thorpe, near
Norwich, on the 2l8t of February, 1786.
He was the eldest son of John Harvey,
Esq., of Thorpe Lodge, the representative
of an old and respected family, whom his-
torical records of the county first place at
Beachamwell, Norfolk, about the year
1500. His mother was Frances, daughter
of Sir Roger Kerrison of Brooke.
When very young he was sent abroad,
and studied successively at Marbui^, Leip-
sic, Hesse Cassel, and Valenciennes; at
these places he acquired a knowledge of
languages and general information as to
the habits and customs of continental
nations, which stood him in good stead in
his subsequent career. Shortly after his
return to England he obtained a com-
mission in the 53rd (or Shropshire) Regi-
ment, to which he was g^etted as an
ensign on the 8th of October, 1803. In
1807, when he had gained the rank of
captain, he obtained permission to enter
himself for a professional education in the
military college then situated at High
Wycombe. But his studies were soon
disturbed. During his regimental service
he had obtained the good opinion of Col.
Lightbume, commanding officer of the
53rd, who, on being appointed a Brig^ier-
Qeneral, with the command of a division
in Ireland, offered Capt. Harvey a position
as his aide-de-camp. He accepted the
offer, but soon found the post uncon-
genial, and after a month, chiefly spent in
the lively society of Dublin, he returned
to Wycombe, and resumed his studies^
which he prosecuted until March, 1809,
when he rejoined his regiment at Fermoy,
in the county of Cork, on its being ordered
on foreign service as part of the expedition,
composed of some 6,000 men, under the
command of Major-General (afterwards
Lord) Hill. The 53rd landed at Lisbon
early in April, and in the month of June,
1809, Capt. Harvey was appointed to a
particular service, of assisting in the or-
ganization of the Portuguese levies, for
which he was particularly fitted by his
well-known ability as a linguist. His
early studies, beside a perfect knowledge
of French and German, had given him a
remarkable facility for acquiring lan-
guages, so that very soon after his arrival
in the Peninsula he had made himself
familiar with those of Portugal and Spain.
In September of the same year he was
made a Major and Assistant Qnarter-
Master-Qeneral in the Portuguese army,
and very shortly afterwards he was em-
ployed in organising corps of Portuguese
guerillas in the province of Beira. ' At
the head of these corps he was employed,
in the summer of 1810, to intercept con-
voys and harass foraging parties, during
the enemies' sieges of Ciudad Rodrigo and
Almeida. On one of these occasions, with
the aid of the armed peasantry alone, he
was fortunate enough to capture and carry
off from the neighbourhood of Penamacor
a heavy convoy which was under a g^i&'d
of about 150 French regulars, cavalry and
infantry. What added to the gallantrj
of this affair was that the place at which
it occurred was within four miles of a
division of French troops. The convoy
consisted of lead for bullets, and tobacco
for the French soldiers; and Major Harvey
loaded fifty-three country cars with the
spoiL For this and similar exploits, thir-
teen of the commandants of the gaerilla
forces (who were, for the most part, priests)
presented him with a testimonial sword,
bearing their names, Ac, engraven on the
blade.
On the 27th of September, 1810, Migor
Harvey rejoined his regiment, and was
present with it two days afterwards at the
battle of Busaco. In the month of Oc-
tober he was sent to the south bank of the
Tagus to take command of the "Orde-
nenza," or armed peasantry of the coun-
try, and to prevent any passage of the
river by the French troops, which service
he efficiently performed ; but being badly
attacked by the fever of the country,
brought on by hard work, exposure, and
anuety, he was sent on a litter to Lisbon,
and from thence conveyed to England for
the recovery of his health.
Early in June, 1811, he returned to the
army. He was present at the second siege
of Badajoz, and was charged with the re-
moval of the sick and wounded, 4;,000 of
192
General Sir Robert John Harvey, C.B., K.T.S. [Aug.
whom he transported to the rear. He
established hospitals all along the line of
march from Portugal to Spain, and not
only regulated all the movements of the
sick and wounded, but directed the march
of convalescents and recruits to join the
army in the field.
In the autumn of 1811 he was appointed
to act as the organ of communication be-
tween the two forces, English and Por-
tuguese, in the field, and as chief of the
staff of the Portuguese army when the
Marshal might be absent. In this capa-
city Major Harvey remained attached to
the staff until the war was brought to a
close, receiving daily the commands of
Lord Wellington, and accompanying him
on almost all occasions in the field.
In 1813 he was present at an affair near
Salamanca, and also at the battle of Vit-
toria, where he had two horses shot under
him. In June he was present at the battle
of the Pyrenees, and was slightly wounded
in the thigh by a musket shot. Early in
the year 1814 he was temporarily with-
drawn from the Marquis of Wellington's
head-quarters to act as Quarter-Master-
General to Major Beresford's corps, which
formed the left wing of the allied army.
In that capacity he was present at the
battle of Orthes, where the left wing bore
the great brunt of the battle, and Col.
Harvey whs thanked by name in the public
orders of the Portuguese army for his
services on that occasion. At a later
period of the year he was present at the
battle of Toulouse, and was again thanked
ity name in public orders.
At the close of 1814 Col. Harvey was in
attendance on his Grace the Duke of Wel-
lington, who was then British Ambassador
at Paris. The Duke having occasion at
that time to forward despatches to Lord
Beresford, at Lisbon, entrusted them to
Col. Harvey, who performed the journey
of nearly 1,400 miles, from Paris to Lisbon,
on horseback, in fourteen days, a feat
rarely accomplished by any equestrian,
and one which may be truly considered of
an extraordiuary character, considering
the season of the year, the nature of the
country to be passed, and the dangers to
which he was exposed. In passing through
10
Spain, Col. Harvey was stopped by banditti,
(who after the war iufested every portion
of the country,) who robbed him of every-
thing but his despatches, and a few pieces
of silver which he managed to save from
them by pleading that he "had fought for
their country."
On his return to England, after the
close of the war. Col. Harvey married his
distant relative, Charlotte, daughter and
heiress of Robert Harvey, Esq., of Watton,
a lady of very considerable possessions; and
being placed on half-pay, he settled down
to live in the neighbourhood of Norwich,
with the interests of which city he be-
came closely connected in various ways.
Norwich was indebted to his energy for
many improvements, as the early intro-
duction of gtis lighting and railways, as
well as for much care bestowed on the
formation or support of various useful in-
stitutions. He became a member of the
Royal Society, also of the Society of Anti-
quaries and the Botanic Society, and was
also an original member of the United
Service Club.
In 1817 Col. Harvey received the honour
of knighthood fVom the Prince Regent,
and in 1831 he was made a Companion of
the Bath. These, it must be allowed, were
but limited rewards for such professional
services as his. The natural course of
events raised him to the highest grade of
his profession, but no less than fifteen
years elapsed after the Peninsular war be-
fore he obtained another step. He became
a Colonel in July, 1830 ; a Miyor-General
in 1841 ; Colonel of the 2nd West India
Regiment in 1848; Lieut -General in 1851;
and a General only in 1859, when at the
very close of his long, laborious, and use-
ful life. The decorations he received
were — The Badge of Knight of the Por-
tuguese Order of the Tower and Sword ;
the Gold Medal for the battle of Orthes;
the Badge of a Knight of the Bath ; a
Medal from the King of Portugal, for
serving in six campaigns in the Portuguese
service; the Badge and Star of Knight
Commander of St. Bento d'Avis of Por-
tugal, for military services in the Penin-
sular war; and the Silver War Medal,
with nine clasps.
I860.]
Obituary. — John Narrien, Esq., F.R.S.
193
At more than one period of his life Sir
Robert Harvey was honoured with the
offer of a haronetcy ; he declined to avail
himself of such a distinction, preferring to
remain content with the laurels he had
acquired by his military achievements.
Sir Robert John Harvey had three sous
and three daughters, of whom five sur-
vive him. He is succeeded in his estates
by his eldest son, Robert John Harvey
Harvey, Esq., who was bom in 1816, and
who married in August, 1845, Lady Hen-
rietta Augusta Lambart, granddaughter
of Richard, Earl of Cavan, by whom he
has a youthful family.
JoHir Nabkiek, Esq., F.R.S.
March 30. At Kensington, aged 77,
John Narrien, Esq., late Professor of
Mathematics at the Royal Military Col-
lege, Sandhurst.
The deceased, who owed his rise in life
entirely to his own abilities and good con-
duct, when a young man kept an opti-
cian's shop in St. James's-street, on a part
of the site where the Conservative Club
now stands, and he shewed much talent
and aptitude in constructing delicate in-
struments, which men of more repute de-
clined to have anything to do with. " As
far back as 1811," snys a distinguished
naval officer, " I prevailed on him to con-
struct for me a scale of chords extending
to 120°, which had been flinched at by
others" He thus gained friends, who,
seeing his great ability, exerted themselves
to bring him forward, and in 1814 they
procured him a suitable appointment in
the Royal Military College.
Mr. Narrien was well qualified to be a
teacher, for he was accomplished, amiable,
and happy in his mode of communi-
cating knowledge. In 1820 he became
Mathematical Professor at the Senior De-
partment, and he was long the virtual
head of the establishment ; his official
superior pronounced him "the most use-
ful and talented person at the College,"
and such was the versatility of his talent
that every branch of study except military
surveying was taught by him. Though
his favourite studies were pure mathema-
tics and astronomy, he taught thoroughly
Gent. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
fortification and castrametation, gunnery
and tactics, as welL In the course of bis
forty-one years' service he had under his
charge many of the leading military men
of the present day, and he so conciliated
all with whom he was thus connected, that
on three occasions he was presented with
very handsome testimonials from his pupilsi
accompanied by addresses of the most flat-
tering description. One of these instances
was in 1841-2, when upwards of eighty
officers, including both army and navy,
who had benefited by his instructions,
subscribed for his portrait. Sir Edward
Paget and Sir George Murray, ex-Gover-
nors of the College, joined them in th^
testimonial, and among the names were
those of Col. Chesney, of the Euphrates
expedition, and Lieut. Fitz-James, who
perished with Franklin and Crozier.
A general officer, who was one of hii
pupils in 1836-7, says, —
" My old friend Narrien was the most
able as well (is the most talented man that
I ever knew. If be had a single fault, it
was that of being too much devoted to his
favourite science, the highest branches of
mathematics, which led him to make his
military pupils study spherical trigono-
metry, astronomy, Gregory, La Place, .and
Poisson, when they might have been ud-
vantagcously employed in a more practical
manner as far as their future profession
was concerned ; he forgot, perhaps, that he
had to deal with the Line, and not with
Engineers or Artillery."
A very similar picture is drawn of the
good Professor in a work published a few
years ago, where the writer is treating of
residence at Sandhurst : —
"The Hall [at Sandhurst] is appro-
priated exclusively to the Senior Depart-
ment, and at its head was then one of the
best, most amiable, most talented of men.
Long may John Narrien live! and long
may he continue to implant the love of
science in the British officer's breast ; long
may he live to enlighten the embryo
generals of a future £ij ; to infuse, with
his patient and gentle system of instruc-
tion, military knowledge into their minds ;
and also to benefit the world by the pro-
ductions of his pen *."
• (« The linesman," by Colonel £len Napier.
1856.
Bb
194
Obitvasy. — John HnlaUon, Esq.
[Au
g-
In one instance, at least, this sdentific
instmction has benefited both the public
and the individual, for Sir George Grey,
now Governor of the Cape, has publicly
acknowledged that he owed the being able
to conduct his first Australian expedition
as far as Perth entirely to the knowledge
that he gained at the College from Mr.
Narrien.
Mr.Narrien was the author of several
valuable works on scientific subjects, and
his "History of Astronomy" has been
pronounced by high authority as, taken
altogether, about the best of its kind. His
favourite field of study was pure science,
but his active mind was readily thrown
upon any other as the occasion arose; and
a friend says, —
" There was hardly a work, of however
profound or light a nature, that he was
not acquainted with. As a proof how
readily he could take up any subject, I
may mention that on one occasion, as a
kind of test, I asked his opinion of a geo-
logical work, in Portuguese, a language
of which he knew notlung. He applied
himself to it, however, and in less than a
fortnight he mastered enough to g^ve me
a verv fur translation of a passage or two,
on which he had founded a sound judg-
ment."
John Finlaisok, Esq.
April 13. At Lansdowne-crescent, Not-
ting-hill, aged 76, John Finlaison, Esq.
Mr. Finlaison was bom at Thurso, in
Caithness, N.B., on Aug. 27, 1783. As
he reached manhood he made many friends,
and by their help qualified himself for
practice at the Scottish bar. Visiting
London, however, on legal business about
the year 1804, he was induced to change
his views ; and soon after, probably in the
early part of the year 1806, he entered
the Admiralty, where he di«tingpiished
himself by entirely reorganizing the sys-
tem under which the vast correspondence
of the department was then Imperfectly
carried on.
The Navy List was first compiled in its
present semi-official form by him, and was
published monthly under his superintend-
ence. A scheme for the establishment of
a Widows' Fund in the Civil Service, and
also a similar plan, afterwards carried out,
on behalf of the Naval Medical Officers'
Widows, drew Mr. Finlaison's attention in
1817 to the study of vital statistics. In-
formation of this description was at that
time extremely meagre and unsatisfac-
tory ; but resorting to the official records
of the Exchequer, where certain classes of
life annuities, chiefiy tontines, had long
been payable, Mr. Finlaison established
from authentic data those deductions
which enabled him to point out with suc-
cess the unfitness of the tables then made
use of by the Government for the sale of
life annuities. Mr. Vansittart (at that time
Chancellor of the Exchequer) saw the way
by the new lights thus acquired to the
adoption of a sounder system, which ulti-
mately was carried out, and was attended
with an immense pecuniary saving to the
country. So distinct and decided were
Mr. Finlaison's general services on this
question, that he was appointed in 1821 to
the office of Government Actuary.
Henceforth his counsel and calculative
powers were sought where any of the pub-
lic measures involved considerations of po-
litical arithmetic: the negotiation with
the Bank of England for its acceptance
of the charge for Public Pensions in con-
sideration of the 'Dead Weight' an-
nuity; the investigations in 1825 and
1827, by select committees of the House
of Commons, of the general condition of
Friendly Societies; the preparation of
his Report in 1829, on the evidence and
elementary facts on which his New Tablet
of Life Annuities were founded. This im-
portant document contained twenty-one
New Observations of the Law of Mortality,
and one observation of the Ijsw of Sick-
ness prevailing among the labouring classes
in London. It was printed, and 20 years
afterwards reprinted, by order of the House
of Commons. Vast computations were aUo
made by Mr. Finlaison, of the duration of
slave and Creole life, vrith reference to the
emancipation of the slaves in 1834; and to
the West India loan raised for that pur-
pose. Mr. Finlaison's Report on the late
Mr. Hume's resolutions concerning the
loan, is a parliamentary paper well worth
perusal. In the preparation of the mea*
I860.]
Obituary. — Mr. Joseph Morris.
195
surcs emanating from the Ecclesiastical
Commission in 1836 and 1836, in the
steps leading to the fi*aming of the ' Ap-
propriation Clause/ and in the prelimi-
naries to the discussion of the Church-rate
question in 1837, Mr. Finlaison was more
largely consulted, and his resources of cal-
eolation more greatly called out, than is
commonly known to the puhlic He was
also referred to on certain points con-
nected with the establishment in 1837, of
the registration of births, deaths, and
marriages. The closeness of his estimate
of the deaths which probably would be
registered in the first jear, attracted much
notice, when found to be only 14 in ex-
cess of 335,956 actually recorded.
After labour so engrossing, it may be
readily understood that an interval of
repose was necessary. However, from time
to time, his evidence was required by royal
commissions and select committees of both
Houses of Parliament ; until he finally re-
tired in August, 1851, from his position as
Actuary of the National Debt and Go-
vernment Calculator. In 1846 he was
elected President of the Institute of Ac-
tuaries, an honour which he prized most
highly. For the last nine years of his life,
his studies were chiefly directed to two
subjects. These were the chronology and
internal evidence of the truth of the Scrip-
tures, and the universal relationship of
ancient and modem weights and mea-
sures. His researches, which were exceed-
ingly profound on the last-mentioned topic,
led him to form opinions decidedly adverse
to the introduction into this country of a
decimal system of coinage and metrology.
The last few years of his Ufe were passed in
comparative ease and tranquillity, until he
was suddenly attacked by congestion of
the lungs on Good Friday, April 6, and he
passed away on the following 13th, in his
77th year.
The above notes relate to Mr.FinUuson's
public services only ; and from the record
of his official career the youth of the pre-
sent day may learn that merit will usually
secure patrons, even when unaccompanied
by interest or official influence. There
were many incidents growing out of his
official career, however, that were both
interesting and instructive, but for which
there is no room within the limits of this
brief memoir.
Mb. Joseph Mossis.
AprH 19. At his residence, St. John's
Hill, Shrewsbury, aged 68, Mr. Joseph
Morris.
He was bom in Shrewsbury, April 24,
1792, and was apprenticed to Messrs.
Eddowes, proprietors of the "Salopian
Journal,*' with whom he was connected
for upwards of thirty years; for a consi-
derable part of that time he was the man-
ager of their printing business, and also
for twenty years editor of the Journal.
In 1839 Mr. Morris resigned this oc-
cupation, and became the cashier of Mr.
Loxdale and Mr. Peele, at the Guildhall,
Shrewsbury, and conducted the finance
business of the County Treasurer, where
he remained until the 1st of January last,
when he was seized with illness, which at
length terminated his useful and valuable
life, which from earliest youth was emi-
nently characteristic of a truly honest
man, ever willing as weU as able to be
serviceable. Indeed, few persons in his
position have secured more efibctnally the
esteem and confidence of their friends, or
the respect of those who differed from them
on questions of local or public interest.
Notwithstanding the daily duties of bu-
siness which he indefatigably discharged,
Mr. Morris most efficiently acted for many
years as the Assessor on the Conservative
interest of the Municipal Revision Court,
as Chairman of the Directors of the
Shrewsbury Poor Incorporation, and for
the last four years as Churchwarden of
the extensive parish of St. Chad, and in
the management of the numerous chari-
ties connected therewith.
Mr. Morris was endowed with a mind
singularly clear and accurate, as well as
firm and judicious. He possessed consider-
able natural abilities, and his energy and
untiring perseverance were remarkable.
He was a loyal subject, an earnest sup-
porter of the Church of England in her
rights and privileges, a humble admirer of
her doctrines and practice in their ilm*
196 Thomas Bell, Esq, — Horace Hayman Wilson, Esq, [Aug.
plicity and tmth, and a zealous friend of
the educational improvement of the hum-
ble classes.
Mr. Morris devoted his leisure hours to
the collection of historical and genealo-
gical information relating to most of the
families in Shropshire and North^ Wales,
which he executed with extraordinary care
and accuracy. He has left numerous folio
manuscript volumes written and compiled
by himself, which are valuable and lasting
memorials of his knowledge and industry,
and which, it is to be hoped, will be
placed in some public depository, inas-
much as they record information and de-
scents of families which it is almost impos-
sible elsewhere now to obtain. Mr. Morris
was well skilled in the ancient British
langpiage, and particularly so in the deci-
phering and translating of ancient deeds
and documents, and he had numer-
ous correspondents in, and applications
from, various quarters, as well abroad as
in this country, for the benefit of his
researches, all which he promptly and
gratuitously replied to with courtesy and
talent. Hence, whilst his death was gene-
rally deplored by his fellow-townsmen, a
similar feeling will also be fully shared
by many of the noblemen and gentry of
Shropshire, by whom he was well known
and duly estimated.
He married February 12th, 1815, Miss
Elizabeth Abbot, by whom he had one son,
John, who died March 25th, 1825, aged 9
years.
The remains of Mr. Morris were in-
terred in the General Cemetery, Shrews-
bury, April 23rd, near those of his brother,
Mr. George Morris, of whom a memoir
was inserted in the Gentleman's Maoa-
ZT^'R for September, 1859.
Thomas Bell, Esq.
April 30. At his residence, in Cum-
berland-row, Newcastle-on-Tyne, aged 74,
Thomas Bell, Esq., land valuer and sur-
veyor, and a diligent antiquary.
In his profession Mr. Bell was a man
of conspicuous ability, and his experience
and connections were so considerable that
the greater portion of the land in the
northern counties had passed ondelr his
professional notice. On the death of his
father he was appointed one of the sur-
veyors and land-valuers of the Duke of
Northumberland. He was also commis-
sioner, valuer, or surveyor on the division
of most of the common lands in the dis-
trict that have been enclosed, and was
arbitrator for the settlement of the pur-
chase money of the land abstracted by the
formation of the various railways in the
northern district during the last half
centary.
Although Mr. Bell has not left behind
him any published works, his library was
gpreatly enriched by his manuscript genea-
logical and antiquarian compilations, and
we find that the authors of most of the
topographical and antiquarian works of
local interest acknowledge his aid in their
undertakings; in particular, he gpreatly
assisted his late friend, the Rev. John
Hodgson, in his " Hbtory of Northumber-
land." A collector from his youth, Mr.
Bell brought together one of the largest
and most valuable collections of books,
papers, and engravings ever formed in
the north of England, particularly in
matters of local interest. He was one of
the founders of the Society of Antiquaries
of Newcastle, and, at the time of his
death, one of its council. The rise and
early progress of the Literary and Philo-
sophical Society of Newcastle was much
indebted to his exertions, and his mem-
bership continued to his death. With
many of the charitable and religious asso-
ciations of the district Mr. Bell was offi-
cially connected, and otherwise throughout
his long life he pursued an even and con-
sistent course as an honourable man and
a worthy and useM citizen, and now
passes from among his fellow-townsmen
lamented and beloved by all with whom
he was connected. The fdneral took place
on Friday the 4th inst., his remidns being
interred in the family vault at Jesmond
cemetery.
HoBACE Hayxak Wilson, Esq.
May 8. In Upper Wimpole- street, aged
74, H. H. Wilson, Esq., Boden Professor
of Sanscrit in the Univeruty of Oxford.
I860.] Obituary. — Horace Hayman Wilson, Esq.
197
This distinguished Orientalist went to
India in September, 1808, as an Assistant-
Surgeon on the Bengal Establishment. As
he had qualified himself by a knowledge
of chemistry and of the practical analy-
sis of metals for the duties of assay, his
services were withdrawn from the usual
career of medical men in India, and he
was at once attached to the Mint at Cal-
cutta, in association with Dr. Leyden.
Upon the decease»of Dr. Hunter in 1811-
12, H. H. Wilson, who was already known
as a proficient in Sanscrit literature, was
appointed, upon H. T. Colebrooke's recom-
mendation, to be the Secretary of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal In 1813 he
published a poetical translation of the
Megha Duta, an epic poem of Kalidas,
which obtained a world-wide reputation ;
and he undertook the laborious work of
preparing for the press, ftrom materials
collected by Colebrooke, a dictionary of
the Sanscrit language, with English inter-
pretations. This was completed in 1819,
and a second edition was published in
1832. It has been the key by which
mainly the learned of Europe have ob-
tained access to this branch of literature ;
and the lexicographer to whom all acknow-
ledged such obligations took at once a high
position among the scholars of the age.
But the literary labours of H. H. Wilson
were by no means confined to Sanscrit.
In association with Dr. Atkinson, he esta-
blished a periodical, which was not, how-
ever, very long continued. He also com-
piled, in 1827, a history of the first Bur-
mese war ; and was employed by the Qo-
vemment of India in preparing a catalogue
of the manuscripts collected by Colonel
Colin Mackenzie in the south of India.
In 1834 he published separately, under
the title of the "Hindu Theatre," a transla-
tion into English, with a preliminary essay,
of four Sanscrit dramas of antiquity. The
work was received with much astonish-
ment, and with very general favour; for
the dramas were found to possess much
artistic merit in the combination of inci-
dents and in the exhibition of character ;
one especially, the MrichchakaH, or Clay
Go-cart, was of peculiar interest, as a re-
presentation of the manners, and habits
of thought, and condition of society in
Central India at a very remote period.
These four dramas, with the Sdhdntala,
previously translated by Sir William Jones,
are among the most curious relics of In-
dian antiquity that have yet been dis-
covered and laid before the world.
The above and other fruits of Wilson's
literary labour were the produce of lei-
sure hours, not exacted by the conscien-
tious discharge of efficient duties. The
Government of India had frequent occa-
sion to acknowledge its obligation to ita
learned Assay Master and Mint Secretary
for reforms introduced into the coinage,
and for other departmental services of
eminent public merit. But neither offi-
cial duties nor literary pursuits, nor both
these combined, were sufficient for the
active mind of Mr. Wilson at this period
of his life. As a member of society, he
joined with ardour in every scheme of
public amusement; and was, besides, the
originator and promoter of many mea-
sures for the permanent improvement of
the people among whom his lot was cast.
The Theatre of Chowringhee owed for
many years its succe;fs to his management
and histrionic talents; while his muacal
skill and proficiency gave him a place in
every concert. But his name will live
in India, and especially in Bengal, for
the part he took in promoting usefyd
instruction ; H. H. Wilson was the first
person who introduced the study of Euro-
pean science and EngUsh literature into
the education of the native population,
whose knowledge of English had hitherto
been confined to qualification for the situa-
tion of an office clerk. For many conse-
cutive years Wilson was the Secretary to
the Committee of Public Instruction at
Calcutta, and he devoted himself especially
to directing the studies of the Hindu Col-
lege, from the date of its establishment ;
and it was here first that the native youth
of India were trained to pass examinations
that would not have discredited first-cbiss
seminaries of England.
In 1833, the University of Oxford hay-
ing, through the magnificent bequest of
Colonel Boden, established a Professorship
of Sanscrit, Mr. Wilson, who was ttill in
198
George Payne Raymford James, Esq.
[Aug.
India, was selected unsolicited, but not
without competition, for that liberally en-
dowed situation, as a tribute to the repu-
tation won by his literary works and the
eminent position he occupied among Ori-
ental scholars. He returned soon after to
England, and was appointed also to the
office of Librarian to the East India Com-
pany, in succession to Dr. Wilkins.
Thus placed in England, in a position
of pecuniary independence, with every
motive and all the advantages he could
desire, he freely devoted his powerful
mind to the favourite pursuit* of his life ;
and his ready aid in promoting every use-
ful object, and means of extending in-
formation upon Oriental subjects, will live
in the recollection of every one who has
enjoyed the felicity of association in such
labours.
It was the distinguishing characteristic
of his mind that he considered nothing
unworthy of his labour that was calculated
to be useful; and was never influenced
in his undertakings by the mere desire
of acquiring distinction or increasing his
fame. Many of these works exhibit powers
of illustration and close reasoning which
will place their author in a high position
among the literary men of the age. But
it is as a man of deep research, and as a
Sanscrit scholar and Orientalist, as the
successor of Sir William Jones and H. T.
Colebrooke, the worthy wearer of their
mantles, and the inheritor of the pre-
eminence they enjoyed in this particular
department of literature, that his name
will especially live among the eminent
men of learning of his age and country.
A list of Professor Wilson's publications,
drawn up by himself very shortly before
his decease, contains fifteen original works,
and seven others edited, with introductions,
copious notes, &c., and forty- two contri-
butions (usually of elaborate character) to
the Transactions, Journals, &c. of various
literary societies, and the enumeration is
known not to be complete. Many of these
papers appeared in the Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society, of which the de-
ceased was for many years Director. —
Summarixed from a Memoir hy JT. T.
Primep, Esq.
Geobge Payne Kayi^sfobd James, Esq.
May 9. At Venice, aged 59, G. P.
R. James, Esq., British Consul-General.
The deceased was born in London in
1801. His father's family was origi-
nally from Staffordshire, and his mother
was a Scotchwoman. He very early
evinced literary tastes, and frt)m time to
time he wrote small pieces, which were
sent anonymously to the journals and re-
views. He also wrote a number of short
tales for the amusement of himself and
friends, which were never published. Mr.
Washington Irving, however, having seen
one of them, strongly advised the author
to attempt something more important.
The result of this encouragement was the
novel of "Richelieu," which was com-
pleted in the year 1825. The manuscript
of " Richelieu" was shewn to Sir Walter
Scott, and met with the approbation of
the great novelist and poet, who strongly
advised the publication of the work. It
appeared accordingly abont 1828, and met
with great success. This decided Mr.
James' literary career, and he has written
a great number of novels which, though
of little real merit, have attained to a
high degree of popularity on both sides
of the Atlantic He was undoubtedly the
most voluminous novel-writer of the day,
or perhaps of any day ; and he also pro-
duct d several historical works, but these
are confessedly of small value, yet having
"friends at Court," he was rewarded by
William IV. with the honorary post of
historiographer. About the year 1850 he
was appointed British Consul for the State
of Massachusetts, whither he removed
with his family; and in 1856 he was
transferred to the more dignified post of
consul-general for the Austrian ports in
the Adriatic. His death was the result
of an apoplectic seizure.
Peteb John Mabtin, Esq.
May 13. At Pulborongh, Sussex, aged
74, Peter John Martin, MR.C.S. and
F.G.S.
Mr. Martin, the son of Peter Patrick
Martin and Mary Backshell his wife, was
descended from a Scottish family of good
I860.]
Obituaky. — Peter John Martin, Esq.
199
extraction. His father, migrating from
Scotland, established himself in practice as
a surgeon at Pulboroagh in the year 1774,
and after a long and successful career
finished his days in literary retirement at
Paris, having attained at his death the
good age of 90.
Mr. Peter John Martin was horn at
Pulborough in the year 1786, and thus
was a few years junior to Leigh Hunt.
Mr. Martin as a boy was in the habit of
competing with that remarkable man in
the production of short essays, of which
honourable mention was frequently made
in the pages of a well-known periodical of
their time, " The Preceptor." The facility
for correct writing thus early engendered,
Mr. Martin afterwards fostered and con-
firmed through a careful and extended
study of the best models, and it contri-
buted, in no small measure, to the forma-
tion of that pure and nervous style which
distinguished his later productions.
After receiving the elements of a general
education at Pulborough, chiefiy at the
hands of his father, who was himself a
man of great and varied information, he
profited not a little by the opportunities
considerately afforded him by his elder
brother (Thomas Martin, who still survives
him at Reigate,) for the acquisition of a
more extended knowledge of the classics,
and the other branches of an education
more liberal than could be secured to him
at Pulborough. After leaving Reigate,
Mr. Martin became a zealous student of
medicine at the then united hospitals of
Guy's and St. Thomas's.
Under the direction of the able Pro-
fessors of that day, Cline, Cooper, For-
dyce, Babington, Haighton, and others,
he laid a sure foundation of professional
knowledge, to which was afterwards added
the finished superstructure which a resi-
dence at Edinburgh (at that time the first
medical school) enabled him to complete.
Profiting by the instruction there im-
parted by such celebrated men as Qregory,
Monro, Hope, the Duncans, and Jamieson,
and no less by the advantages derived
from an intimate intercourse with these
and other more strictly literary celebrities
in private life, (advantages which were se-
cured to him through his Scottish extrac-
tion,) he returned finally to join his father
at Pulborough in general practice, confi-
dent in the possession of much sound pro-
fessional learning, and imbued with tastes
superior to most men of his calling at that
day. Following up a line of study towards
which he had been early bent in Edin-
burgh, he devoted much of his spare time
to geology, and especially to the elucida-
tion of the question of the Weald denuda-
tion. His first publication on this subject
appeared in 1828, in the shape of a quarto
volume, entitled " A Geological Memoir
on a part of Western Sussex." In this
memoir Mr. Martin advanced some new
views on the subject of the peculiar stra-
tification of the Weald of Sussex; and
especially contended for the agency of
sudden forces, aqueous and terrestrial, aa
necessary to the production of such pecu-
liar stratification. As with every enquirer
who breaks new ground, Mr. Martin in
his later years had much to give up and
much to modify of the opinions he first
advanced; but still to the last he adhered
to the broad features of his earliest doc-
trine, and still was ready to defend his
chief positions. In various papers read
before the Geological Society, and in me-
moirs contributed to the " Philosophical
Magazine" in the years 1829, '40, '51, '54,
and '57, he continued to work out this
subject, and (as it will not be without
interest to the readers of the Gbntlb-
man'b Magazine to learn) even on his
death-bed he dictated a letter to one of
his geological friends, calling his attention
to some recently discovered facts tending
to confirm his earliest views^ but of which
facts, as he himself expressed it, "I shall
never be able to avail myself."
Nor was geology by any means his sole
scientific pursuit. Brought much into
contact in early life with the historian-
antiquaries of Sussex, Cartwright and
Dalliiway, he became a fellow-worker with
them, and turned his attention especially
to the archsBology of his district — a dis-
trict rich in remuns of gpreat interest to
the followers of that engrossing study. In
a paper read before the Philosophical and
Literary Society of Chichester, in the
r
200
Obituaky. — Teter John Martin, Esq.
[Aug.
year 1834, Mr. Martin g^ve a description
of a " British Settlement and Walled Tu-
mulus near Pulborough/' and reprinted
his account, with some additions, in the
ninth volume of the Sussex Archsolog^cal
Transactions for the year 1857. A few
months only before his death, and when
still confined to his bed after a severe ill-
ness, he wrote for publication in the last
volume of the Transactions of the same
Society a paper " On the Roman Roads of
Sussex," for the complete tracing out of
which he had been collecting materials
during the previous summer. In this very
remarkable production, remarkable not
less for the variety of information it con-
tained than for the forcible and nervous
style in which, under circumstances of
great difficulty, it was composed, Mr.
Martin brought to bear, for the better
elucidation of his subject, his knowledge
of geology, of numismatics, and of history,
all as ancillary to his acquaintance with
the proper archeeology of the line of country
discussed ^. With the exception of these
two papers, however, he published nothing
worthy of particular notice on this branch
of science; but many an enquirer after
the truth on points connected with it will
be ready to admit the liberal and courte-
ous manner in which he has been often
assisted by Mr. Martin's contributions to
his aid.
So much for his knowledge of the science
of the past, and of things inanimate. But
it was not exclusively with these that Mr.
Martin occupied himself — bis was a wider
range. As a scientific and practical gar-
dener he was a great proficient ; and to
the pages of Professor Llndley's Journal,
" The Gardener's Chronicle," he was a fre-
quent contributor of fugitive articles on
horticulture, these articles being signed
usually P.P., and mostly written in the
years 1841 to 1845. In polite literature,
finally, he was deeply read ; and, himself
a musician, his taste in music was perfect,
and his appreciation of the best models of
art was keen and just. In the years 1833
and 1834, again before the Philosophical
and Literary Society of Chichester, he de-
^ Gkmt. Mao., Feb. 1860, p. 119.
livered three lectures, which have since
been published, illustrative of a " Parallel
of Shakespeare and Scott, and on the
Kindred Nature of their Genius," — ^lec-
tures displaying an intimate acquaintance
with the writings of those wonderful men,
and replete with views of broad, deep, and
comprehensive character. These were only
some of the subjects with which Mr. Martin
filled up the intervals of business. But a
range of observation and enquiry so wide
as that of which some of the results have
been here enumerated, could only be com-
passed by a mind of no ordinary power.
To meet the requirements of a mdely-
extended country practice, and to super-
intend the education of a family, would
have been sufficient to engross the whole
attention of most men, and to tax to the
utmost their powers of endurance both
mental and physical; but add to these
the study of those branches of sdence in
which the subject of our notice was an
author, and a moment's consideration will
suggest an idea of the breadth of grasp
which could comprehend the whole.
As a medical man, Mr. Martin was much
sought after in his own vicinity ; and in
places comparatively far remote he was
called often into consultation upon cases
which offered peculiar difficulty. Nor was
the influence which he exercised over the
minds of all who knew him well the result
merely of the confidence he inspired by
the soundness of his professional opinion,
but was gained in no small measure by
the reliance placed on his strong common -
sense views of every difficulty laid before
him by his trusting friends, imparted as
these views were with his own considerate
and gentle courtesy. The lot of a man
gifted as was Mr. Martin might seem in-
deed to have been cast in a hard ground ;
and many may be inclined to lament that
he had not been bom to ornament and to
render useftil service in a wider sphere.
But this was not so ; simple in his tastes
and devoted to tbe contemplation of all
that was beautiful in God's works, the
country was essentially his home, and the
lines of urban drawing would have been
for him too rigid, the code of cities too
artificial and too nice.
II
I860.] Mr, George Roberts. — W. B. Bayley, Esq.
201
Mr. Martin was married in 1821 to his
cousin Mary, daughter of Adam and Eliza
Watson of Dunbar, and left three daugh-
ters, the eldest of whom is married to the
Rev. Henry James (Jore, Rector of Rusper
in Sussex, and one son, who is attached to
St. Bartholomew's Hospital as one of the
Junior Physicians.
Mb. Qboboe Robebts.
ilfay 27. At Dover, from an attack of
inflammation of the lung^, Mr. Qeorge
Roberts, of Lyme Regis.
By the decease of this gentleman the
students of English history have lost a
valuable auxiliary. He for many years en-
joyed the firiendly regard of Lord Macau-
lay, who occasionally conferred with him
on the original documents which he had
collected, and who did him the honour of
quoting him as an authority on the events
connected with Monmouth's invasion.
Living in the immediate locality of these
events, and with official access to the
curious archives of the corporation of
Lyme Regis, and spending many weeks
yearly in the inspection of records else-
where, Mr. Roberts had accumulated ma-
terials of considerable value. Of part of
these he availed himself in his own pub-
lished works, of which the most important
were " The Life, Progress, and Rebellion
of James, Duke of Monmouth," 2 vols.«
1844 and "The Social History of the
People of the Southern Counties of Eng-
land," 1 voL, 1866, which was favourably
mentioned in our pages soon after its ap-
pearance*. He also published a very use-
ful "Geological Dictionary ;" and edited
for the Camden Society the " Diaries of
Walter Tonge, Esq., of Colyton and Ax-
minster."
Mr. Roberts had been Mayor of Lyme
Regis, but had latterly resided at Dover,
where he was engaged upon other works
when he died. In private life he was
much esteemed.
W. B. Batlet, Esq.
May 29. At St. Leonard's - on • Sea,
William Butterworth Bayley, Esq.
e See OcMT. Mao., Feb. 1867, p. 192.
Gbwt. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
The deceased, who was the younger son
of a Lancashire gentleman of high cha-
racter and position, was educated at Eton,
where he acquired a large stock of classi-
cal learning, subsequently augmented by
a brief residence at Cambridge. These
studies, in which he dearly delighted,
were broken in upon by the announce-
ment of an appointment to the Indiun
Civil Service, at a time when such ap-
pointments were of substantial value; and
a few weeks before the close of the last
century he entered upon his career of
Indian service at Calcutta. Lord Welles-
ley was at that time incubating his dar-
ling project of the College of Fort William,
and in the course of the following year
the institution was established. Toung
Bayley was one of its earliest and most
distinguished alumni. He passed out with
great honour, and was one of the " boys"
selected by the Qovernor-General for the
confidential duties of his own office, in
one of the most momentous epochs of our
Indian history. He did not, however, in
that situation, though brought face to face
with the stirring incidents of a gpreat poli-
tical crisis, desiro to take part in diplo-
macy, but chose the judicial line of the
public service, and adhered to it through-
out all the earlier part of his career. In
1814 he was appointed to officiate as
Secretary in^the Revenue and Judicial De-
partments, and in 1819 he was nominated
Chief Secretary to the Supreme Govern-
ment of India. In 1822, a temporary
vacancy occurring in the Supreme Coun-
cil, he was appointed to fill it, and in
1825 he was permanently appointed a
member of the Gk)vemmMit. Lord Am-
herst was then Governor- General of India.
In March, 1828, that nobleman embarked
for England. Lord William Bentinck had
been appointed his successor, but had not
yet arrived, so Mr. Bayley, as semor mem-
ber of Council, succeeded to the highest
place in the Government of India. Ho
filled the office of Governor-General for
some months, and then resumed his seat
as a member of Council. In the antumn
of 1830 Lord William Bentinck quitted
the Presidency on a tour to the Upper
Provinces, and then Mr. Bayley became
00
202
Obituary,-:- W^. B. Bayley, Esq.
[Aug.
President of the Council and Depnty-
Govemor of Bengal. But his five yean
in Conncil had now nearly expired, and
on the 11th of November he ceased to be
a member of the (Government. In the
course of the following month he took
ship and sailed for England.
His career in India had been a dis-
ting^hed and a most useful, but it had
not been an eventful one. He had not
been the hero of any of those exciting
historical episodes which have surrounded
with an atmosphere of romance the lives
of Elphinstone and Metcalfe. His work
was not in the camp or at the durbar ; it
was almost exclusively in the bureau or
the cutcherry. His service was admi-
nistrative service of the most valuable
kind, but not such as affords materials to
the biographer; and when he returned
to England, after thirty years of this ser-
vice, still in the prime of life, with an
nnbroken constitution and an unimpaired
capacity for fwork, his ambition sought
nothing higher than a seat in the Council
of that " Company of Merchants trading
to the East Indies " which he had served
with so much fidelity and zeal.
He became a Director two years after
his return from India, and applied him-
self assiduously to the duties of his office,
gaining a high reputation in the Leaden-
hall -street Council, as a man of large
general experience in Indian affidrs, a re-
markably sound judgment, and of a tem-
per which was seldom disturbed. Among
his colleagues he was always peculiarly
popular, and thoagh neither frequent nor
fluent in debate, a few weighty, well-
directed words from him often determined
a long-protracted contest. In 1839 he
was Deputy-Chairman, and in the follow-
ing year Chairman of the Company ; and
it is believed that at more than one sub-
sequent period the chair was offered to
him and declined, for he was essentially
of an unambitious nature, and he shrank
iVom public displays. He continued, how-
ever, to take an active part in the admi-
nistration ; and when, in 1854^ it was de-
creed that the Court of Directors should
■elect their worthiest members for con-
iinuanoe in office, and ooiyectaral lists of
those members were made in anticipation
of the event, the name of Mr. Bay ley was
uniformly to be found at the head of them
as that of the man whom every one of his
colleagues was certain to select. But
when, four years afterwards, the East
India Company were deprived of their
political powers, and another act of self-
election was decreed, Mr. Bay ley intimated
his intention of withdrawing altogether
from public life. It was time, indeed,
for him to retire, after sixty years of good
service. The great Indian mutiny had
been a severe blow to him, and his health
had sensibly declined from the time of its
first outbreak. He looked with ^strust
upon the new form of government, and
still more so upon the new-school opinions
which were making their way, and said
that it was time for him to be gone. Hia
great natural vigour, however, was not
easily subdued, and he Ungered some
months longer, retaining his intellectual
faculties, and the sweetness of disposition
for which he was so distinguished, to the
last.
Mr. Butterworth Bayley was a model
of a "Company's servant," as Company's
servants were in their best days. In that
sense he was a " representative man," and
there are few of his class not proud to be
so represented; not because his name ia
associated with any lustrous exploits, but
because he was a useful public servant, an
honourable gentleman, and altogether a
fine specimen of manhood. Had he been
of a more ambitious temper, he might
have done more for himself, but probably
in that case he would have done less for
India ; for it is not by individual efibrta
of wisdom or heroism that England haa
reared the great fabric of her Indian em-
pire, and must hope to maintain it, but
by sending forth a constant succession of
high-principled English gentlemen, con*
tent to. labour quietly and obscurely, and
to contribute their unappreciated share to
the great sum total of good government.
The ** Company's service " is now extinct ;
a new system is on its trial ; but whatever
may be the result of the experiment, what-
ever the character and career of the new
race of Indian statesmen, history will not
I860.] jr. F. Ormerod, Esq., F.R.C.S.—J. Whichcord, Esq. 203^
refuse to honour the memory of those
public servants, the growth of an exclu-
sive system, who sought no higher dis-
tinction than that of being accounted
worthy exemplars, in their generation, of
the genuine " Eampani-ka-nuokur.
>f
William Pibbs Obmebod, Esq., F.R.CS.
June 10. At Canterbury, aged 42,
W. P. Ormerod, Esq.
The deceased, the fifth son of George
Ormerod, D.C.L., F.R.S., and of Sarah,
daughter of John Latham, M.D., F.R.S.,
was bom in London on May 14, 1818, and
educated at Rugby. From the tutelage
of Dr. Amord he went, in 1835, to St.
Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was
articled to Mr. Stanley ; and he soon be-
gan in earnest the work of his life under
the eye of his uncle. Dr. P. M. Latham,
and with the guiding friendship of Mr.
Paget. In 1839 he was most highly dis-
tinguished at the annual examination for
prizes. In 1840 he di^harged the du-
ties of house-surgeon under Mr. Lawrence,
and an essay embodying some of the re-
sults of his observations during this period
was honoured with the Jacksonian prize of
the Royal College of Surgeons in 1842,
and in that year he was appointed one of
the demonstrators of anatomy.
His incessant labours in the wards and
the dissecting-rooms began alter a while
to tell injuriously on his health, and he
was compelled in 1844 to resign his ap-
pointment and retire into the country.
The first results of his returning health
appeared in 1846, when he published a
volume of Clinical Surgery which he had
found leisure to arrange ; and in the sum-
mer of the same year he established him-
self in practice at Oxford, where he was
shortly afterwards elected surgeon to the
Radclifie Infirmary.
For about two years he filled this situ-
ation most honourably and happily in the
friendship of his colleagues. Dr. Greenhill
and Dr. Acland, when, in December, 1848,
after a period of great hurry and anxiety,
he was seized with an epileptic fit ; and,
the fits continuing, he was compelled to
resign this appointment also, and to retire
from practice altogether. The last ten
years of his life were spent at Canterbury,
where he lived with his friends, Mr. Reid
and Mr. Andrews; and he died at the
house of the latter, the immediate cause
of his death being haemorrhage from lace-
ration of a branch of the middle meningeal
artery; the skull having been fractured
by a fall at the banning of an epilep-
tic fit.
Though he had been shut out from the
course of life for which he had so very
zealously prepared himself, yet his energy «
and industry never flagged, and he bad
always a bright prospect before him of
some useful purpose to which his know-
ledge might be applied — a cherished hope
that he might serve his Savour on earth
as a medical missionary. But his bright
future was not to be here. Unconscious
himself of the gradual fiiilure of his mind
and memory, he lived cheerfully on till he
was suddenly and painlessly removed after
a few hours of insensibility.
Besides the *' Clinical Collections in
Surgery " already noticed, Mr. Ormerod
was the author of " Questions in Anatomy
for the Use of the Students of St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospital," of a paper ** On the
Sanitary Condition of Oxford," published
by the Ashmolean Society, of "A Few
Plain Words on Cholera," and of several
articles in the " British and Foreign Me-
dical Review." He was a Fellow of the
Royal College of Surgeons and of the
Medico- Chirurgical Sodety. -
John Whiohcobd, Esq.
June 10. At Maidstone, aged 70, John
Whichcord, sen., Esq., Architect
Mr. Whichcord was a native of Devizes,
where his father practised as a sorveyor.
Having lost his father when quite in his
youth, he was articled in 1806 to Mr.
C. Harcourt Masters, architect, of Bath ;
and on the expiration of his pupilage he
entered the drawing-office of Mr. D. Alex-
ander. Under that eminent engineer and
architect he was engaged on the great
works at the London Docks, and sub-
sequently on that larg^ and original boild-
ing, the g^acd at Maidstone. On Mr.
S04
2%« Bev. Baden Powell, M.A., F.B.S.
[Aug.
Alexander's retirement, he succeeded him
hi all his husiness for the connty of Kent,
and to a very hirge practice, hoth public
and private. His principal works were
the County Lunatic Asylum, the churches
of the Holy Trinity and St. Philip at
Maidstone, the Com Exchange, the Kent
Fire Office, and many other important
buildings in the same town. He erected
no fewer than fifteen union poor-houses,
and is said to have built more parsonage-
houses than any other man in England.
His cool judgment, talent, and integrity
secured him the confidence of the clergy,
and g^ve him a very large share of refer-
ence business. As surveyor to the Medway
Navigation Company, he executed on that
river several hydraulic works, particularly
some difficult tidal-locks; and he con-
structed throughout the county a great
number of bridges.
Not only as a professional man, but as
an active mag^rate and as a private
friend, few men have acquired a larger
share of respect, or more widely conciliated
the esteem of all classes.
He has left a son of his own name, who
pursues the same profession, and is a
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
Thb Rby. Badbn Powell, M.A., F.R.S.
Juns 11. In Stanhope-street, Hyde-
park-gardens, aged 63, the Rev. Baden
Powell, .^avilian Professor of Geometry
in the University of Oxford.
The deceased was the eldest son of the
late Baden Powell, Esq., of Langton,
Kent, and Stamford Hill. He was bom
at the latter place in the year 1796, gra-
duated (first class) at Oxford in 1817, and
in 1827 was elected Savilian Professor of
Geometry in that University, an appoint-
ment which he held until the time of his
decease. He was also in 1850 nominated
a member of the Oxford University Com-
mission. Of his life we have not many
events to reeord, the greater part of it
having been spent in studious retirement
in Oxford, where he principally resided,
imtil his removal to London about six
years ago.
Although in holy orders, he held no
«
«
living, but was always ready to oblige his
friends by temporarily undertaking pa-
rochial duties, or by occasional sermons.
In this way the congregations of several
of the cburches in London had frequent
opportunities of hearing his discourses,
which were remarkable for the masterly
manner in which important Christian
truths were enunciated with the deamess
and precision of a mathematical demon-
stration. He also occasionally appeared
as a lecturer at the Royal and other
scientific institutions. But it is by his
writings that Professor Powell was chiefly
known to the world. These may be divided
into two distinct classes, — 1. Those of a
purely scientific character; 27 Those which
treat of the relations of science to the-
ology.
A list of some of the more important of
these will best give an idea of the sub-
jects to which he particularly directed his
attention. To the first class belong the
History of Natural Philosophy," 1834;
A General and Elementary View of the
Unduktory Theory of Light," 1841; "Re-
ports on Luminous Meteors," Brit. Assoc
Reports; "On the Repulsive Power of
Heat," PhiL Trans. 1834; "On the Dis-
persion of Light," ibid. 1836; "On El-
liptic Polarization of Light," ibid. 1845 ;
"Anew case of the Interference of Light,**
ibid. 1848; "On Irradiation," ibid. 1849,
and numerous other papers in the Trans-
actions of various scientific societies.
Among those of the second division may
be mentioned, " Tbe Connection of Natu-
ral and Divine Troth," 1838; "Essays
on the Spirit of the Inductive Philosophy,
the Unity of Worlds, and the Philosophy
of Creation," 1855 ; " Christianity with-
out Judaism," 1857; "The Order of Na-
ture Considered with Reference to the
Ckims of Revelation," 1859; "On the
Study of the Evidences of Christianity,"
m "Essays and Reviews," 1860.
The principal aims of the last-named
works, to which Professor Powell devoted
so large a portion of his gpreat intellectual
powers, were to define the limits between
the objects of fiiith and of knowledge, and
to shew that the progress of modern sci-
entific discovery, although necessitaUng'
I860.] Obituary. — Cuthbert Ellison, Esq,, of Hebbum. 203
modifications in many of the still prevail-
ing ideas with which the Christian reli-
gion became encrusted in the times of
ignorance and superstition, is in no way
incompatible with a sincere and practic^
acceptance of its great and fiindamental
truths. The ability and boldness with
which these views were advocated was
only excelled by another quality, unfor-
tunately rare in theological discussions,
the calm and temperate spirit, and just
allowance for the feelings and opinions of
others, which pervades them.
Although his published works afibrd
abundant evidence of unusual powers of
reasoning and originality of thought, as
well as a most extensive and profound
acquaintance with the writings of his pre-
decessors, only those who had the privi-
lege of Professor Powell's private friend-
ship could appreciate his extraordinary
talents and accomplishments in nearly
every branch of science and art, which,
combined with his extreme good-nature
and gentleness of disposition, made him
beloved by all those who had the best
opportunities of estimating his character.
He leaves behind him a widow (daughter
of Vice-Admiral W. H. Smyth, D.C.L.,
F.R.S.) and a numerous family.
Ctjthbebt Ellison, Esq., of Hebbubn.
June 13. At his town residence, White-
hall-g^dens, aged 76, Cuthbert Ellison,
Esq., of Hebbum, formerly M.P. for New-
castle.
'- Mr. Ellison's family, like those of the
great majority of our local aristocracy, had
its founder among the successful merchants
of Newcastle, his ancestor and namesake,
Cuthbert Ellison, having filled the office
of sheriff of that town in 1544, and that
of chief magistrate in 1549 and 1554.
The Hebbum estate, formerly the pro-
perty and residence of the Hodgsons,
passed by purchase, a little more than two
centuries ago, to the Ellisons ; and the
ancient and somewhat fortaliced mansion-
bouse gave place in 1790 to the present
spacious and handsome halL
"The Ellisons became more intimately
connected with this borough by the mar-
riage of the deceased's g^ndfather, Henry
Ellison, Esq., with Hannah, daoghter of
William Coatsworth, esq. It was this
Mr. Coatsworth who built Park House.
He was an opulent merchant, carrying
on his trade in the Bottle-bank of this
borough. He obtained a tweuty-one years'
lease from the Bishop (Lord Crewe) of the
manors of Whickbam and Qateshead (ex-
cept the Bishop's portion of Tyne Bridge,
the tolls, and the presentation to the
livings, with the manor courts, &c.), at
a rent of £235 lis. 4d.
** The manor of Whickbam passed into
other hands, but that of Gateshead re-
mained in the Ellison family (the twenty-
one years' lease having been renewed, we
believe, annually, by the lessee,) until
1856, when the deceased Mr. Ellison, by
agreement with the Ecclesiastical Com«
missioners, surrendered it to that body for
the sum of £50,000, taking care, how-
ever, at the same time to stipulate (which
he was not legally bound to do) that his
sub-lessees should be undisturbed in the
long leases (conditional on his own being
renewed) which he had granted them, and
several of which will not expire for many
years yet to come.
" Mr. Ellison's father married, in 1779,
Henrietta, daughter of John Isaacson,
Esq., by whom he had three sons: —
Henry, the eldest, who died in 1795;
Cuthbert, the deceased ; and Gen. Robert
Ellison, the youngest, who died in 1843,
and to whose memory a handsome tablet
was erected a few years ago in Trinity
Chapel in this borough, by his brother.
** At the death of his father Mr. Ellison
was only fifteen years of age. He reached
his majority in 1804, and about that time
married Isabella Grace, daughter and co-
heir of Henry Ibbetson, Esq., of St. An-
thony's, near Newcastle, who died on the
16th of February last, aged 75, and was
interred in the family vacdt at Kingsbury,
Middlesex ; so that, at his own decease,
he had not only been in actual possession
of his family estates for the unusually long
period of six and fifty years, but had been
blessed with the society of an affectionate
wife for nearly the same length of time.
" The deceased was Commanding Oflicer
until 1814 (when the corps was disbanded)
of the Gateshead Volunteers, and their
colours were presented by him, in person,
to the Town Council of this borough in
1854, and are by them preserved in our
Townhall.
"In 1807 he contested the representa-
tion of the county of Durham, but, after
a poll of three days, retired in favour of
Sir Ralph Milbanke and Sir H. Yane
Tempest. He was member for Newcastle
in several Parliaments : — first, on the re-
signation of Mr. C. J. Brandling in 1812;
206
OBiTtTAaY, — General John Mackenzie.
[Aug.
next, in 1818 ; again, in 1820, when he
was elected during his absence in Italy,
and was represented by his brother, then '
Major Ellison, after a contest in which
Mr. William Scott, Lord Stowell*s only
son, was defeated; and a fourth time in
1826 : and it is worthy of note, that on
all these occasions he had the late Sir M.
W. Ridley, Bart., for a colleajrae. One of
his ancestors (Mr. Robert Ellison) served
as a burgess of Newcastle for one year in
the Long Parliament ; and not having re-
ceived any allowance for his services, was
paid by the Corporation, in 1660, the sum
of £182 10s., being at the rate of lOs. per
day. On the passing of the Reform Bill,
which conferred on this borough the right
of sending a member to parliament, Mr.
Ellison was solicited, by a considerable
number of respectable inhabitants of Oates-
head of all political parties, to become a
candidate for its representation; but he
had retired from Parliamentary life, and
he declined to resume it.
" He filled the office of High Sheriff of
the county of Northumberland in 1808,
and of the county of Durham in 1827.
The latter office had been filled by Robert
Ellison, of Hebburn, in 1659.
"Of the Qateshcad Dispensary he was
a President, and of the Newcastle Infir-
mary a Vice-President, and a munificent
supporter of both charities, in common
with, we dare say, every other philanthro-
pic institution at either end of Tyne
Bridge. He made a present of Trinity
chapel, as a place of worship, to Oates-
head ; he gave a site to the Ellison School ;
he largely assisted in the repairs of St.
Mary's and in the building of St. Cnth-
bert's Church, in the erection of the Lady
Vernon Schools, (so called after one of his
daughters,) of the National School, the
Parochial Library, and various other in-
stitutions. Indeed, whenever a good ob-
ject was properly explained to him, he was
never appealed to in vain.
"Mr. Ellison, who had no son, had
several daughters, of whom Isabella Caro-
line was married in 1824 to the Hon.
George John Venables Vernon, afterwards
Lord Vernon; Henrietta, in the same
year, to William Henry Lambton, Esq. ;
Louisa, in 1829, to Lord Stormont, after-
wards Earl of Mansfield; Laura Jane, in
1833, to the Hon. Capt. William Ed-
wardes, afterwards Lord Kensington ; and
Anne, to Sir Walter James. Mrs. Lamb-
ton and Lady James (his only surviving
children) had the melancholy satisfaction
of being with him when he died.
"In the estate of Hebburn, which is
entailed, the deceased is succeeded by his
nephew, Lieut.-Colonel Cuthbert George
Ellison, (Grenadier Guards,) son of the
late General Ellison, whose death is re-
corded on the tablet in Trinity chapel.
The disposition of the other estates, in
Gateshead and the adjoining parishes,
and at Newton, Garth, Nether Houses,
Kellybum, Juniper Hill, &c., and of the
large personal property of the deceased, is
as yet unknown." — Gateshead Observer.
Gbitxbal John Mackbi^zis.
June 14. At Inverness, aged 96, General
John Mackenzie, the oldest officer in the
British army.
The deceased was bom December 19,
1763. He was the second son of Sir Alex-
ander Mackenzie of Gairloch, Bart., who
succeeded to the title and estates in 1766,
and died in 1770, having been killed by
a fall from his horse. The deceased Gene-
ral entered the army in his fifteenth year
as Lieutenant in the 73rd Foot, and in
1782 rose to be Captain. On the forma-
tion of the 78th Highlanders, or Ross-
Bhire Buffs, in 1793, he obtained the ap-
pointment of Captain, and in two more
years rose to be Major and Lieutenant-
ColoneL He served in the campaigns on
the Continent, including the several actions
on the Waal and the Rhine in 1794 and
1795. He afterwards served in Sicily,
Egypt, India, and Spain. In 1802 he
attuned the rank of Brevet- Colonel ; in
1809 that of Major-General; and in 1814
Lieutenant-Gcneral ; in 1837 he became
General. The deceased married Lilias,
daughter of The Chisholm, by whom he
had one son, Mr. Alistair Mackenzie, who
died a few years ago as Receiver-Gooeral
at Melbourne in Australia.
General Mackenzie was a brave im-
petuous soldier, and was known among
his companions-in-arms by the soubriquet
of 'fighting Jack.' In his latter years
ho devoted much of his time to science
and literature, and was greatly esteemed
for his private worth and accomplishments.
He retained his faculties to the close of
his long life, and continued to take a
warm interest in passing events. In Oc-
tober last* when the 78th Reg^ent
was publicly received at Inverness, and
was marching through the town, General
I860.]
Obituary. — Jerome Bonaparte,
207
Mackenzie stood at his door to congratu-
late the men, and, hy command of Colonel
Macintyre, the regiment gave three hearty
cheers for their venerable brother-soldier.
The remains of General Mackenzie were
interred in the Gairloch tomb at Beauly
Priory. — Inverness Courier,
Jebohe Bonafabte.
June 24. At Villegenis, near Paris,
aged 75, Jerome Bonaparte, ex-King of
Westphalia, and Governor of the Hotel
des Invalides.
Of the thirteen children of Carlo Bona-
parte, the Corsican advocate, eight lived
to rise with the "star" of Napoleon.
Of these children five were sons, of
whom Jerome was the youngest. He
was bom at Ajaccio on the 15th of De-
cember, 1784, only a year before the se-
cond son. Napoleon, having finished his
education at the military school at Brienne
and the military college of Paris, was ap-
pointed sub-lieutenant of artillery. Be-
fore Jerome was fifteen. Napoleon had
been named First Consul. The navy
was selected for the career of the cadet
of the house, and in the French marine,
as it existed in the interval between
Aboukir and Trafalgar, Jerome served
through the years of the Consulate. In
1801, when in his seventeenth year, he
was appointed to the command of the cor-
vette " L'Epervier," in the expedition to
St. Domingo under General Le Clerc,
whence young Jerome brought the de-
spatches; he then soon after sailed for
Martinique. After a cruise of several
months he put into New York. He
visited Philadelphia, and, December 24^
1803, he married Miss Elizabeth Patter-
son, the daughter of a merchant of Bal-
timore, descended from a Scotch family
settled in the north of Ireland. Napoleon
was proclaimed Emperor in 1804, and at
the date of his brother's marriage was
calculating alliances with the royal and
princely families of Europe as part of his
policy. Jerome's marriage was therefore
a check to that plan, and was deeply re-
sented by the new-made sovereign, who
eagerly claimed from all members of his
family implicit obedience to the "head
of the house."
After a year passed in the United States,
Jerome was compelled by his brother to
return to Europe ; he landed with his wife
at Lisbon in May, 1805. Jerome left for
Paris, and the lady went on in the ship to
Amsterdam ; on arriving in the Texel, an
order had been received forbidding her to
land. She accordingly came to England,
and resided at Camberwell, near London.
On July 7th her son, Jerome Napoleon
Bonaparte, was bom. Still the Emperor
Napoleon would not recognise the marriage,
nor was Madame Jerome Bonaparte per-
mitted to enter France. In the March
previously the marriage had been, by a spe-
cial decree of the Conncil of State, declared
null and void, but, though gre&tlj urged,
the Pope refused his sanction. Jerome tem-
porized, for he seems to have been really at-
tached to his wife, though overawed by his
unscrupulous brother. Whilst the matter
was pending, he was sent on a mission to
Algiers, whence he returned with 250
Genoese captives, whom he landed at
Genoa, where he was received with great
honour as the "young Napoleon of the
sea." He next commanded the "V^t^ran'*
line-of-battle ship, one of Willaumez's
squadron in the West Indies ; whence Je-
rome, separating irom the rest, hurried
back to France. On his passage he had the
good luck to capture six English merchant-
men ; but when near the coast of France
he fell in with the English cruisers, and
only escaped them by running his vessel
into Concameau. On reaching Paris,
however, on the strength of the prizes that
he had made, some of which had reached
French ports, he received the cordon of
the Legion of Honour, was promoted to
the rank of Admiral, created a P*rince of
the Empire, and changed from the sea to
the land service : which last was almost a
necessity, for after the decisive battle of
Trafalgar his occupation as an admiral
might be considered as gone.
Jerome now yielded to the wishes of
Napoleon, abandoned his wife, and entered
into an alliance with the Princess Frederica
Caroline, daughter of the King of Wur-
temberg ; immediately after the marriage
208
Sir Joseph Thackwell, O. C.B. and K.H.
[Au
g-
he was proclaimed King of Westphalia.
In 1812 he was appointed to the command
of a corps d*armee formed of German
troops, and served at the battles of Kowno
and Mohilew. In October, 1813, he was
compelled to retire before the Russians,
and at the head of some French detach-
ments he returned to Westphalia, which
he afterwards left precipitately on hearing
of the issue of the battle of Leipsic. In
1814 he rejoined his wife at Munich, and
after residing at Trieste and Naples, re-
turned to Paris in April, 1815. During
the hundred days he was present at the
oeremony of the Champ de Mai, as well as
at the sittings of the Chamber of Peers,
yrhere he had a seat as a French prince.
He had a command in the campaign in
Belgium, was wounded at Hongomont,
and after the defeat at Waterloo returned
with Napoleon to Paris.
At the time of the second abdication,
Jerome quitted the capital on the 27th of
June. After wandering about for some
time in France and Switzerland, he re-
joined his wife in Wurtemberg, where the
allied powers permitted him to reside, pro-
vided he remained in privacy and had none
of his countrymen in his service. In 1816
his father-in-law conferred on him the title
of Prince de Montfort, and for thirty years
he resided by turns at the Chateau of
Bamberg, near Vienna, Trieste, and Flo-
rence.
About the year 1846 Jerome, in his own
name, opened negotiations with the 6o-
vemment of Louis Philippe, and was per-
mitted to return temporarily to Paris in
1847. After the revolution of 1848, and
the election of his nephew as President of
the Republic, Jerome was made Governor-
General of the Invalides, and soon after
raised to the rank of Marshal of France.
After the coup d'etat of 1851, he was
made President of the Senate, reinstated
in his title of French Prince, and pro-
vided with a military household, a civil
list, and a national residence. In the
absence of the £mperor, he, on several
occasions, presided at the Council of Mi-
nisters. The deceased was always remarked
for what, when contrasted with the views
9f his brother and his nephew, may pass
12
as liberal opinions, and both have tolerated
an opposition that, from the mediocrity of
Jerome's talents, could never be embar-
rassing to them. Some administrative
ability has, however, been claimed for him,
and his correspondence with Napoleon was
published in 1854 by Captiun du Casse, as
an appendix to a two-volume " Journal of
the Military Operations of King Jerome
in Silesia." It is asserted that he has left
Memoirs, and has left directions as to their
publication. In compliance with the ex-
press wish of the deceased, testified by a
codicil added to his will a week before his
death, the ex-king was interred in the
chapel of the Invalides, beside his brother.
By his first marriage (with Miss Patter-
son) Jerome had only one son, who was
born in 1806, and who lived at Baltimore,
where be afterwards married au American
lady. Miss Susan May. He never sought
to render himself conspicuous, but passed
his life tranquilly in rural pursuits, and
died a few years ago. One of his sons,
Jerome Napoleon, bom in 1832, arrived
in France since the re- establishment of
the Empire; and, after being appointed
sub-lieutenant in the army, was decorated
during the war in the Crimea. Ever since
1855 he has been officer of the staff in the
1st Chasseurs d'Afrique. By his marriage
with the Princess Frederika of Wurtem-
berg, Jerome had two sons — Jerome, Count
de Montfort, who was bom in 1814, and
died in 1847 at Florence, and Napoleon
Joseph Charles Paul; also a daughter,
Mathilde Letitia Wilhelmine, Countess
Demidoff, well known as the Princess
Mathilde.
Lieut.-Gek. Sib Joseph Thaokwsll,
G.C.B. and K.H.
Wb have been requested by the family
of the deceased General to insert the fol-
lowing Memoir, supplied by them to the
"Annual Register" for 1859, as it contuns
a more complete statement of his career
than that which appeared in our pages in
May, 1859.
" April 8, 1859. At Aghada-hall, county
Cork, aged 78, Lieutenant-General Sir
Joseph Thackwell, G.C.B. and K.H.,Colonel
of the Sixteenth Lancers. He was bom in
I860.]
Clergy Deceased.
209
1781, and was fourth son of the late John
Thackwell, Esq., of Morton-court and Rye-
court, Worcestershire, the direct descend-
ant of the Rev. Thomas Thackwell, Vicar
of Waterperry, Oxfordshire, in 1607. He
obtained a commission in the Worcester-
shire Mounted Fencibles at a very early
age, and served in Ireland during the Re-
bellion. He entered the 15th Hussars as
a Comet in 1800, in which regiment he
served for more than thirty years. He
served under Sir John Moore in Spain in
1808-9, and was present at Corunna;
shared in the campaigns of 1813-14 in the
Peninsula, including the battles of Vit-
toria, the Pyrenees, in front of Pampeluna,
27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th July; blockade
of Pampeluna from the 18th to the 3l8t
October, when it surrendered; battle of
Orthes, affair at Tarbes, and battle of
Toulouse, besides many affi^rs of advanced
guards, outposts, &c. At Granada he
boldly attacked and forced back upwards
of two hundred French Dragoons with
fifty of the Fifteenth Hussars, making
several prisoners, for which he was recom-
mended for the rank of Brevet-Major by
Lord Combermere. Served also the cam-
paign of 1815, including the action of
Quatre Bras, the retreat on the following
day, and battle of Waterloo. He was
gazetted Miyor in 1815, and Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Fifteenth in 1820. He was
engaged in suppressing many riots, at
Nottingham, Birmingham, &c. At Bir-
mingham, in 1816, ho received an almost
fatal injury on the head from a brickbat.
He became a local Major-General in India
in 1838, and commanded the Cavalry
Division in the Affghan campaign of
1838-9, and was present at Ghuznee, for
which services he received the K.C.B. He
commanded the Cavalry Division in the
battle of Maharajpore in 1843, was chief of
the Cavalry throughout the Sutlej war in
1846, and was present at Sobraon, where
he led the Srd Light Dragoons in single
file into the intrenchments during the
heat of the battle. He also commanded
the Cavalry in the Punjaub campaign in
1848-9, during which he repulsed the
Sikh army under Shere Sing, at Sadoola-
pore, with a small British detachment.
He was contused on the right shoulder at
Gbitt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
Vittoria, and twice severely wounded at
Waterloo (left arm amputated close to the
shoulder) in charging sqaares of Infantry,
also having two horses shot under him.
He was gazetted a G.C.B. in 1849, and
had the order of the second class of the
Dooranee Empire. Sir Joseph received the
thanks of the House of Commons on three
separate occasions. His conduct at Waters
loo has been thus described :—
** * Sir Joseph was wounded in what the
doctors call the fore-arm of his left arm.
This, one would think, would stop most
men ; but no, he instantly seized his bridle
with his right hand, in which was his
sword, and still dashed on at the head of
his regiment — ^tho command of the 15th
having devolved upon him — to charge the
enemy. Another shot took effect, luckily on
the same arm already wounded, about ten
inches higher up. The arm was amputated
very near the shoulder joint, but such was
the gallant fellow's desire to be on duty,
that he actually joined us again in France
within a few weeks, with his stump un^
healed.*
"Sir Joseph married Maria Audriah,
eldest daughter of Francis Roche, Esq., of
Rochemount, Cork County, and grand
uncle of Lord Fermoy. He survived his
three brothers— John Thackwell, ef Wil-
ton-place, Deputy-Lieutenant and Justice
of the Peace for Gloucestershire; William
Thackwell, of Morton-court, an officer in
the Yeomanry Cavalry ; and the Rev.
Stephen Thackwell, Rector of Birtsmorton,
Worcestershire. His commissions in the
army were dated, — Comet, 1800; Lieu-
tenant, 1801; Captain, 1807; MHJor,1815;
Lieutenant-Colonel, 1817; Colonel, 1837;
M^or-General, 1846 ; Lieutcnant-General,
1854; Colonel of the 16th Lancers, No-
vember 10, 1849."
CLERGY DECEASED.
ApHl 21. At Melbourne, the Rev. Thomat
Chute Ellis Wareup, Chaplain of H.M.8. " Pe-
lonu," only Son of William Mark Warcup,
M.D., of Seaming, Norfolk, and grandson of the
late William Warcup, Staff-Surgeon in the
Island of St Vincent.
May 28. At Beyrout, Syria, of typhoid fever,
aged 46, the Rev. Richard Peace Baker, M.A.,
many years Incumbent of St. Botolph-without-
Aldgate, in the city of London.
June 17. In Lower Mount-st., Dublin, (the
residence of his son, Edward Johnstone, esq.,)
aged 66, the Rev. J. Bereqford Johnstone, Rector
of Jallow, CO. Carlow.
June 18. At Bedford-pl., Reading, aged 85,
the Rev. John Macaulay, A.M., formerly of
Broad-tt.
C C»
210
Obituary.
[Aug.
June 20. At Radnor-pl., Mount Badford, aged
69, the Hey, John Peiherick.
June 21. At the residence of his sister, (Lady
Dnnalley's, Monkstown, Dablin,) aged 68, the
Hon. and Bev. J, C. Maude, Rector of Ennis-
killen.
June 25. At the Vicarage, St Mary-Church,
aged 55, the Rev. Henry Oarrett Newland, Vicar
of St. Mary-Church, Rector of Westhoume, and
Chaplain to the Bishop of Exeter.
Aged 66, the Rev. Edward Bowlby, M.A.,
Rector of Little Thurrock, Essex, and fourth son
of the Rev. T. Bowlby. Mr. Bowlby was for-
merly an officer in H.M. King's Own or 4th Regt.,
with which corps he served throughout the
Peninsular campaigns and at the battle of Wa-
terloo.
At the Vicarage, Wold Newton, after a long
illness, aged 59, the Rev. Joseph Skelton, Vicar of
Wold Newton, formerly Curate of Scarborough,
and Perpetual Curate of Wykeham.
June 27. At Adstock, Bucks, aged 76, the Rev.
Adam Baynes, Rector of that parish.
July 1. At Hoi well Parsonage, Oxfordshire,
aged 40, the Bev. C. Boothhy.
July 5. At Bampton, the Rev. J. SUide, M.A.,
lately Curate of Minster Lovell.
At Brompton, aged 67, the Bev. J, Gray,
Rector of Dioden, Hants.
July 7. At the Vicarage-house, Salehurst, Sus-
sex, aged 09, the Bev. Jacob George Wrench,
D.C.L., of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Vicar of
the above parish, in the thirty-fourth year of
bis incumbency. He was formerly a Fellow of
the Society of Antiquaries of London.
At his residence, the Chapel-house, St. Os-
wald's Hospital, Worcester, the Bev. William
Bill, for fourteen years Chaplain of the said hos-
I>ital, and upwards of twenty years chaplain to
the Worcester Infirmary.
JuJy 8. Aged 60, the Bev. Wm. Bucknall, late
Vicar of Youlgrave.
July 11. At Walworth, Londonderry, aged
64, the Bev. George Vaughan Sampson, Bector
of Tamlaght-Fiiilagan.
July 13. At Cheltenham, aged 51, the Bev.
Thomae Frederick Ilenney^ M.A., Prebendary
of liincoln, and Examining Chaplain to the
Bishop of Lincoln.
At Glyn Pedr, Crickhowell, Breconshire, aged
61, the Bev. Edward Lewis, Bector of Llanbedr,
with Patrishow, Brecon.
DEATHS.
ABBANOED IN CHBONOLOGIOAL OBDEB.
Supposed to have perished on board the " Bur-
mah," in November last, aged 23, Boger, fourth
son of the late Thomas Cave-Brown-Cave, evq.,
of Bepton-lodge, Derbyshire, and grandtton of
the laic Sir William Cave-Brown-Cave, hart., of
6tretton-en -le-Field.
April 2. At sea, on board the ship " Surrey,"
aged 81, Lieut. Fitx-Thomas Ooldsvrorthy, late
of the 72nd Begt. Bengal N.L, and Brigade
Major at Luoknow.
April 7. At Port Dover, Canada West, Alex-
ander, son of Alexander Innes, of Bridgend,
Livat, Glenlivat. The deceased emigrated to
America nearly twenty years ago, where he suc-
ceeded, after a few years of hard labour and in-
dustry, in taking the principal hotel in Port
Dover, and latterly became the proprietor of that
establishment, when he proved a most kind and
valuable friend to any native of Banffshire who
might have occasion to visit that town, either on
business or with the view of procuring employ-
ment. In many cases the deceased would keep
his countrymen at his house, free of all expense,
until they might be able to obtain a situation,
and in such cases he would accept of no subse-
quent remuneration. Every Banffshire man who
visited Port Dover invaribly called on Sandy
Innes, when he was sure to be warmly received
and hospitably treated. Mr. Innes has left a
widow and three young children to lament hia
early death. — Banffshire Journal.
Lately. Colonel Menche de Loisne, a veteran of
the first Empire. The deceased, bom in 1768,
was appointed a cadet in the Walloon Guard, in
the service of the King of Spain, in 1783, and was
present at the blockade of Gibraltar. He rose to
the command of a company of the Walloon
Guards, with the rank of colonel. When Napo-
leon entered Spain in 1808, he joined the banner
of France, and was charged by him with organi-
ssing a regiment of Spaniards. He took part in
most of the battles in Spain between 1808 and
1814. During the Hundred Days he was en-
trusted with the command of Calais, and he re-
tired from the service shortly zf^jcr.—Galignani.
At Portsea, aged 89, Nelly Giles. She was on
board H.M.S. •• Bellerophon," Capt. H. Darby, at
the Nile, and in all subsequent engagements under
Nelfton, and was a most useful nurse to the aiek
and wounded. Three days after the battle of the
Nile Nelly gave birth to a son. The Government
awarded her a pension of £17 per annum for
life.
Mr. J. Stewart, who was for many years M.P.
for Lymington. He was first elected for Lymlng-
ton in the Conservative interest in 1832, when
he was the colleague of the late Sir Harry Bur-
rard Neale, hart., of Walhampton. He was re-
elected, together with Mr. Mackinnon, in 1835,
1837, and 1841. At the dissolution in 1847 he
lost his election, being defeated by the present
Earl of Albemarle, on which occasion he retired
from public life. Mr. Stewart lent his support
to the free-trade measures of the late Sir Robert
Peel.
At Staplefleld-common, aged 73, Mr. Isaae
Bechely, of Aliens-farm. The family of Bechely,
it has been asserted, were established as rilleins,
or copyholders, with oath of suit and serviee to
the Earl Warren, in the very farm where Mr.
Bechely lived and died, and which, for a period
of nearly 800 years, has been in their poMeaaion.
May 7. At Kaira, Hugh Bamctt Lockett, of
the Bombay Civil Service ; and, on the 19th fol-
lowing, at Ahmedabad, Mary Jane, bis widow —
both of cholera.
May 9. At Secunderabad, India, aged 25,
I860.]
Obituary.
2H
Lieut. John Shad well, 18th Royal Irish Regt.,
third son of James Theobald, esq., of Winchester.
May 16. At Capetown, Cape of Good Hope,
aged 66, Major-Gen. D. Bolton, Royal Engineers.
May 22. On board the P. and 0. steamer
<* Nemesis," aged 20, Rose Frances, wife of 0.
W. Moore, of the Bengal Civil Service, and
second dau. of Col. Sir Samuel Falkiner, bart.
May 25. At Yarmouth, aged 86, W. Ilankes,
esq., formerly of Norwich. He served the office
of sheriff in 1811, and of mayor in 1816.
May 26. At Quebec, the Hon. Francis W.
Primrose, only brother to the Earl of Rosebery.
May 31, Of yellow fever, at Barbados, aged
20, Howard Plestow Cox, Ensign of H.M.'s 21st
Fusiliers, youngest son of G. H. Richardson
Cox, esq., Ashbourn-road, Derby.
June 2. Suddenly, in the house of Adm. Hamil-
ton, in Wimpole-st., Major Leopold von Orlich, of
the Prussian Guards, a knight of several orders.
The deceased was the son of the officer whose
desperate defence of Konigsberg against Marshal
Ney is matter of history. He was not only dis-
tinguished in the Prussian service, but took an
active part in the operations of the British army
in India, where he was sent on a military mission
by the King of Prussia after our disasters in
AffghanLstan. The British rule in India deeply
interested his intelligence and his sympathies,
and he not only published, in German and in
JEnglish, two interesting volumes of his personal
experiences, but he was engaged during the latter
years of bis life in a laborious and conscientious
study of the '* History of British India." Of this
work two volumes have already appeared in Ger-
many, and have won attention and approbation.
The Major leaves behind him large materials for
the completion of his work, which it is hoped will
fall into worthy hands. Among the crowd of
jwmphlcts on the causes of the mutiny in India,
Major von Orlich's was distinguished by the good
sense and freedom from exaggeration which, at
such a moment, few Englishmen could command.
His other most noted works are the *' Life of the
Great Elector " and the •' War in Silesia," which
rank high among the military histories of his
country. He married the only daughter of Mr.
George Matthew, of Fowler's-hall, Kent, and
sister of Her Majesty's Secretary of Legation in
Mexico.
June 3. Suddenly, Henry Howes, esq., of St.
Augustine's-road, Camden New-town, and of
King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire.
At Nursingpore, India, aged 24, William James
Bullock, esq., C.E., G. L P. Railway, fourth son
of the late Rev. Thomas Bullock, Rector of
Castle Eaton, and Vioar of Chiseldon.
June 8. At Woodpark, Neston, Cheshire,
aged 70, Com. Wm. Snell, R.N., aged 70. The
deceased was engaged in the battle of Trafalgar.
At her residence, Wilton-road, Salisbury,
Charlotte Aubrey, widow of Capt. Beverley
Robinson, R.A., and eldest dau. of the late John
Peyto Shrubb, esq., of Stoke, Guildford.
June 9. At St. Mildred*s-court, aged 65, Geo.
Frew Kennedy, esq., late managing clerk in the
bank of Sir J. W. Lubbock, Forster, and Co., in
Q£NT. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
whose employment he had nearly oompleted his
fiftieth year.
June 10. At Swanage, Richard Ledgard, esq.,
a member of the long-known bankiug firm of
Ledgard and Sons, in Poole and the neighbour-
ing town of Ringwood. He was the younger son
of the late George Welch Ledgard, esq., for many
years a banker in Poole, in which the grand-
father of the deceased also resided, and who
married Miss Welch, a niece of George Welch,
esq., of London, the founder of the bank of
Welch, Rogers, Olding and Rogers, afterwards
known as Rogers, Towgood and Co., and since
the death of the poet Rogers, as Olding, Sharp,
and Co. The deceased and his father both filled
the office of Mayor of their native town no less
than five times.
June 11. At Pen-Craig-court, Herefordshire,
aged 62, Sarah Anne, relict of the late Thomas
Brook, esq.
June 12. At Ovington-sq., Brompton, aged
50, Catherine, wife of William Hazlitt, esq.
At Paris, aged 61, Admiral Parseval Desch^nrs.
The deceased, bom at Paris in 1790, entered the
navy in 1804, was in thcf ** Bucentaure" at the
battle of Trafalgar, and escaped by miracle in
tbe destruction of that vessel. In 1827 he became
captain dtfrigatet and in 1830 commanded the
<' Euryale" in the capture of Algiers. In 1833
he was promoted to the grade of captain de vaiS"
ieau^ and figured in the expedition against Rosas,
in the occupation of the Isle of Martin Garcia,
and in the siege of Saint Juan d'Ulloa. He ob^
tained the grade of Rear- Admiral in 1840, and in
1841 was appointed Maritime Prefect at Cher-
bourg. In 1846 he was made Vice- Admiral, and
afterwards held the office of Inspector-General
of crews for the ports of Brest, Lorient, and
Cherbourg. In 1851 he was made a member of
the Council of tbe Admiralty. In 1854 the com-
mand of the squadron of the Baltic was confided
to him, and be flgrured on board the ** Inflexible**
in the attack on Bomarsund. In December of
that year he was promoted to the rank of Admi-
ral, and in virtue of that grade became a Senator.
He was Orand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
After a religious ceremony at the Hotel des In-
valides, the remains of the Admiral were interred
in the cemetery at Montmame. The Emperor
has ordered a statue of the deceased to be placed
in the museum at Versailles. — Oaiignani,
June 13. Aged 74, Charles Lomaz, esq., sur-
geon, Weobly, Herefordshire.
June 14. At the Park, Harrow, aged 36, Robt.
Robinson Harris, Capt 67th B.N. I., and canton-
ment joint magistrate at Cawnpore.
At Stevenson, Haddington, Anne Elizabeth,
eldest dan. of Vioe-Admiral Sir John Gordon Sin-
clair, bart.
At Government-house, Madras, aged 25, Jane
Theophila, wife of D. F. Carmichael, esq.. Civil
Service, Private Secretary to His Excellency Sir
C. E. Trevelyan, K.C.B.
At Dane-bank, near Congleton, (the residenee
of Ms son-in-law, the Rev. John P. Firmin, In-
cumbent of Christ Church, Eaton,) aged 93, Wm.
Fauldes, esq.
Dd
212
Obituaky.
[Aug.
At Slebech-park, Pembrokeshire, the Baroness
de Rutzen, wife of the Baron de Ratzen, and
sister of the Countess Dowager of Lichfield.
At Worthing, very suddenly, aged 61, Mr.
James Mitchell. For a period of upwards of
twenty years Mr. Mitchell was a well-known
coach proprietor, and the driver of the " Accom-
modation" coach from Worthing to London,
which he discontinued on the opening of the
London and South Coast Railway to Worthing ;
at which time a service of plate, of the value of
one hundred guineas, was presented to him by
subscriptions limited to half-a-guinea each, from
the nobility and gentry usually travelling with
him. The patronage and encouragement he re-
ceived whilst in business, induced no less by his
personal deportment than by his skill, enabled
him to lay by enough to live genteelly on his re-
tiring from it. He has since resided in Worthing.
He was spending the evening with a few friends,
when in a moment his head was seen to drop
and his death occurred. It was known to him-
self that his heart was organically affected, and
he had on several occasions within the last few
years expressed himsialf to his most intimate
friends that his death would be sudden.
June 15. At Cringleford, Norwich, aged 35,
Mary Ann, the wife of the Rev. William Cufaude
Davie. 1
At his residence, Claughton-park, aged 45,
Thomas Andrew, esq., eldest son of the late
George Andrew, esq.. Green-hill, Compstall,
Cheshire.
At Ottery St. Mary, aged 42, Aima Maria, wife
of Henry John Greenstrcet, esq.
At Brompton, Chatham, Kent, aged 85, Major
James Macdonald, late Paymaster of East India
Depots.
June 16. At Seaton, aged 67, Sarah, relict of
H. F. Bidgood, esq., of Rockbeare-court.
Aged 20, Wm. Welfit, eldest son of the Rev.
W. B. Harrison, Rector of Gayton, Lincolnshire.
Suddenly, from angina pectoris, aged 60, John
Loseby, esq., of Knigh ton-hall, Leicestershire.
In High-st, Guildford, aged 30, Mr. Frederick
Samuel Baker, late librarian and collector to the
Guildford Institute.
At Hanover-cottage, Tunbridge Wells, aged
62, Jane, youngest daughter and last surviving
child of Richard Legh, esq., of Adlington-hall,
Cheshire, and Shaw-hill, Lancashire.
At the Printing Oflice of Messrs. Taylor and
Francis, Shoe-lane, City, Mr. Southgate, the
joverseer of the machine department. When ad-
justing the strap of one of the machines he was
caught by the sleeve of his jacket, and before
Assistance could reach him was dragged with
fearful velocity round the shaft. He was dread-
fully injured, and died in a few minutes. He
had been for forty years in the employ of the
firm.
. June 17. At Beckenham, aged 67, Francis
Glass, esq.
At Hexham, Anne Walrond, second dau. of
Theodore Wood, esq.
. At Holland-ter.y Maidstone, aged 87, Eliza,
widow of John Warde, esq., of Boughton Mon-
Chelsea, and eldest sister of Demetrius Grevis
James, esq., of Ightham-court, Kent.
Aged 22, Kate, widow of William 0. TJorris,
and dau. -in-law of Capt. Joseph Norris, R.N.
Mr. Serjeant Murphy, late one of the Com-
missioners of the Insolvent Debtors* Court.
The learned gentleman was called to the English
bar in 1833, and represented the county of Cork
in Parliament for upwards of sixteen years, his
connexion with the House of Commons only
ceajiing in September, 1853, when he was ap-
pointed a Commissioner of the Court upon the
decease of the late Chief Commissioner, Mr. H.
R. Reynolds.
June 18. At Leamington, suddenly, Alexander
Begbic, esq., one of the county magistrates.
At Leamington, Eliza Colmer, widow of Wm.
Lucas, esq., of Castle Carey, dau. of the late
Rev. Silvester Rawkins, of East Pennard, Somer-
set, and grand-dau. of the late Alexander Hill
Osbaldeston, esq., of Wandsworth, Surrey.
At his residence, Westhill, aged 78, Robert
Tanner, a member of the Society of Friends, for
many years an inhabitant of Ban well.
At Southhill, Stoke, Devonport, at an ad-
vanced age, the wife of Rear-Adm. Hillyar, and
sister of the late James Dawe, esq.
At Dublin, aged 20, William Henry Smith, of
Eden -quay, son of Benjamin Smith, esq., of
Higher Brixham, Devon.
June 10. Charles Umphelby, esq., of Denton-
house, Norfolk.
At Ahmedabad, of cholera, aged 23, Bulkley J.
Mackworth Praed, of the Bombay Civil Service,
second son of Bulkley J. Mackworth Praed,
esq., of 4, Bryanston-sq., London.
At Cockaimy-house, by Abcrdour, Fife, aged
72, Laura, widow of Sir Robert Mowbray, of
Cockaimy, K.H.
At Clifton, aged 40, John Compton Hanford,
esq., of Woollas-hall, Worcestershire.
Susanna, wife of John Hawra, esq., of Botolph*
street, Colchester.
Suddenly, F. A. Frost, esq., of Chester, father
of the Mayor of Chester.
June 20. At Burnett, near Bath, aged 74, Lady
Wilson, relict of Major-Gen. Sir J. Wilson, K.C.B.
At Marine-mansion, Brighton, aged 86, Eliza-
beth, widow of Joseph Smart, esq.
In Eaton-sq., Mary Anne, wife of Edward
Buller, esq., of Dilhorn-hall, Staffordshire.
In Charles-st., Kennington, London, aged 81,
Capt. William Edmund Drake, R.N.
At Tunbridge, aged 84, Harriet, relict of Thos.
Allnutt, esq., of the Thorns, Alconbury, Hunts.
At Leicester, Mr. John Litchfield, lately wool-
comber and publican, of Royal East-street, who
was bom on the 25th of December, 1760, and
consequently had nearly completed his hundredth
year. He was descended fh>m a stock noted for
their longevity, his father having died a few
months older than he was, his grandfather at the
age of 105, and his grandmother at the age of
111. He retained the use of his mental faculties
tmimpaired to the last hour. He leaves two sons
and three daughters, the youngest being fifty-
eight years of age.
I860.]
Obituart.
213
At St. Gennain-en-Laye, aged 74, M. Jubelin,
formerly Under-secretarj' of State for the depart-
ment of the Marine and Colonies under the
ministry of Baron de Mackan and the Duke de
Montebella For fifteen years he served the State
as Governor, in succession, of three several
French colonies. He had been a Commissary-
general of Marine, and a member of the Council
of the Admiralty.
At the Rue Pomme du Pin, in Lyons, where
he had resided since his retirement from the
stage, M. Lureau. lie had an extraordinary hal-
lucination of mind, which led him to imagine he
had committed some crime, and he implored his
friends to testify to his innocence. On hearing
the cathedral bell ringing for the Te Deum^ he
exclaimed, *' Ah! that is my pardon," sat down
and wrote to the Jesuits in the Rue Sala, stating
that heaven had put an end to his disquietude ;
but in a day or two after, while three friends
were conversing with him, he became suddenly
excited, and threw himself out of the window,
which is on the fomrth floor, and was killed
instantly.
June 21. In Upper Berkeley-st., aged 78,
Lieut.-Gen. Dynelcy, C.B., Royal Artillery.
At Clifton, George Pleydell Tuke, esq., of the
Madras Public Works Department, and of Daw-
lish, Devon.
At Stowmarket, aged 90, Martha Diggon Mar-
riott, younger dau. of the late Rev. Thomas Bate-
man, many years Rector of Igburgh and Lang-
ford, Norfolk, and widow of John Marriott, esq.,
formerly of Thomey-hall, Stowupland, a Deputy
Lieutenant for Suffolk.
At Geneva, suddenly, aged 76, George de Win-
ton, esq., late of Hcywood-hall, 8t. George's,
Somersetshire.
At Cheltenham, agred 78, Ann, widow of John
"Wood, esq., of Worthing.
At Cheltenham, Vice-Adm. Rowland Money,
C.B., son of the late Wm. Money, esq., of
liomme-house, Herefordshire, and brother of
the late Gen. Sir James Kyrle Money, Bart.
Suddenly, Anne Eliza, widow of CapC. Pon-
sonby, of Springfield, Cumberland, and dau. of
the late Capt Jones Skelton, formerly of the
Royal Artillery.
At his residence, Beresford-lodge, Peel-ter.,
Brighton, aged 8G, Luke Thomas Flood, esq.,
Justice of the Peace for the conniics of Sussex
and Herts., also Middlesex, of which be was a
Deputy Lieutenant.
Wm. Simms, esq., F.R.S., of Carshalton, Sur-
rey, jtnd of Fleet-street
At his residence, Town MalUng, Kent, aged 87,
Peter Sutton, esq.
At Florence, Samuel Reginald Routh, esq., of
Farley-park, Hunts.
June 22. At Famborough-pl., Hants, aged 39,
George Farquhar Leslie, esq., of Rutland-gate,
London, fourth son of the late William Leslie,
esq., of Warthill, Aberdeenshire.
At the residence of her nephew, the Rev. Pro-
fcsHor Kclland, at Edinburgh, aged 81, Miss
Jane Fifih, sister-in-law to the late Rev. Philip
Kellaud, Rector of Landcross, near BiUefotd.
At Guildford, aged 61, John Henry Chancellor,
esq., of Barnes, Surrey.
At Woodleigh Rectory, aged 88, Robert Daw-
son, esq.
Suddenly, at Burley Vicarage, Rutland, aged
40, William Henry Bui net, eldest son of the Rev.
John Jones, Vicar of the parish.
June 23. At Hastings, aged 22, Emily, eldest
dau. of Robert Ingram, esq., of Moor-hall, Rajua-
ham, Essex.
At Forth End-house, Great Waltham, Essex*
aged 61, Thos. Wm. Leppingwell, esq.
At St. Helier*s, Jersey, aged 31, Joachim Otte,
esq., eldest son of Walter Otte, esq.
At Preston-house, Ellingham, aged 75, MiM
Frances Isabel Craster, only dau. of the late
Shafto Craster, esq., of Craster-tower.
June 24. Aged 79, the Rev. Thomas Scales,
author of *' The Principles of Dissent." He left
his home, at Gomersal, on the preceding after-
noon, in order to preach the Itmeral sermon of
the Rev. J. Paul, of Wilsey, but he was taken ill
at the Low Moor station, was removed to a
neighbouring hotel, and expired in the morning.
The deceased was minister of Queen-street Inde-
pendent chapel at Leeds for a period of thirty
years.
At the Gloucester Union, aged 100, Ann Wren,
widow of Sergeant Wren, of the Grenadier Com-
pany of the Gloucester Militia.
At WoodviUe, Lucan, Dublin, aged 87, Gen.
Sir Hopton Stafford Scott, late of the E.I.C.S.
The deceased General was chosen to represent
the E.I.C.S. at the funeral of the late Duke of
Wellington.
At the Lawn, Belper, aged 79, Martha, relict
of the late John Harrison, esq.
At Lee, Kent, Marion Moffat, wife of the Rev.
John B. HonnywOl.
At Shaftesbury, aged 67, James Lnsh Buck-
land, esq.
At Toulouse, aged 73, M. le Vioomtc de Panat.
Since 1824 he had been the main support of the
Socidt^ dcs jeux-floraux, for which Toulouse is so
celebrated, and was elected secretary to it after
M. Malaret's decease. The manner and style in
which their annual reports were drawn up by
him did much credit to his scholarship and powers
of analysis.
At Paris, M. A. Lacordaire, former Inspeetor-
Oencrul des ponts et chaustiet^ and formerly
deputy for the Haute-Mame. In making exca-
vations at Pouilly for the canal de Bourgogne,
he made the discovery of the Roman cement to
which he gave the name Pouilly.
June 25. At his residence, Pittville-lawn, Chelt-
enham, aged 69, Major Hagh Morgan, late of
the Royal Artillery.
In Fitzroy-sq., Archibald Campbell Barclay,
esq.
At Staten Island, near New York, James Wm.
Maitland, esq., youngest son of the late Lord
Dundrennan.
At Thome, aged 69, Jane, wife of Wm. Thorpe,
esq., solicitor.
At Tolgulla, Cornwall, aged 63, Charlotte,
wife of £. H. Hawke, esq.
Hi
Obituary.
{Aug.
At Worthing, saddenly, of disease of the
heart, Mary, wife of Lieat.-Oen. Charles Orene
'Ellioombe, C.B.
At Crediton, aged 80, Sasanna Hugo, relict of
John T. Franois, esq., and subsequently of Ste-
phen Hugo, esq., surgeon, both of Crediton.
At Florence, aged 91, Wm. Somerrille, M.D.,
formerly one of the principal Inspectors of the
Army Medical Board, and Physician to the Royal
Hospital, Chelsea.
•■ At Rouge, near Paris, Gen. Count de Rumigny,
for many years one of the aides-de-camp of King
Louis Philippe.
June 26. At Manchester, aged 32, Mr. R. B.
Brough, a well-known writer of burlesque dramas,
fto. Mr. Brough was bom in London in 1828,
but passed bis early years in Monmouthshire,
and his school-days at Newport, near which his
father conducted a brewing establishment.
Family reverses led to his being employed first
on a publication at Liverpool, and afterwards, in
conjunction with Mr. Angus B. Reach, on a
comic periodical in London. His dramatic pieces,
if not of very lofty pretensions, were sufficiently
BuccessAil to stamp his reputation with managers,
and ensure ftill employment for his pen.
In Wellington-st., Stoke, Devonport, aged 80,
Miss Lang, sister of the late Oliver Lang, esq.,
master shipwright H.M.'s Dockyard, Woolwich.
Ann, relict of the Rev. Richard Jervis, late of
Stoke Golding, Leicestershire.
At Bath, aged 62, Augustus Blatch Beevor,
esq., formerly of Corpus Christ! College, Cam-
bridge, and eldest son of the late Rev. Augustus
Beevor, Rector of Burghapton, Norfolk.
In Walpole-st., Chelsea, aged 12, Sophia Eliza-
beth, third dau. of Lieut.-Col. J. B. Bonham,
late 50th Regt.
At Moor-hall, Eye, aged 74, Charles Bealea,
esq., Capt. R.N.
At Yarmouth, aged 65, Anna, wife of Septimus
Dowson, esq.
At Bungay, aged 80, Georgia, relict of Pearse
Walker, esq.
June 27. At his residence. Southland, Isle of
Wight, aged 74, Sir Henry Allen Johnson, bart.
At Campden-hill-road, Kensington, aged 59,
Col. George James Muat MacDowell, C.B., late
commnnding 16th Lancers.
At Park-cres., Portland-pl., aged 71, William
Parry Richards, esq., second son of the late Sir
Richard Richards, formerly Lord Chief Baron of
the Exchequer.
At Long-lodge, Merton, Surrey, aged 60, Sarah
Jane, wife of Lieut.-Col. James Robert Cole-
brooke, of the Royal Artillery.
At Tun bridge Wells, aged 62, John Roberts,
esq., late of Borzell, Ticehurst. Sussex.
At Darlington, aged 57, Arihur Strother, esq.,
surgeon.
At Rhyl, Flintshire, aged 64, Catherine, widow
o the Rev. John Hanmer, M. A., and dau. of the
late Sir Thomas Whichcote, bart., of Aswarby,
Lincolnshire.
At Paris, aged 70, Gen. the Marquis de Lauris-
ton, grand officer of the Legion of Honour,
&c., formerly Col. of the Tenth Legion of the
National Guard, and a Gentleman of the King's
Chamber. This nobleman, Augustus John Alex-
ander Law, bom at Laf&re Oct. 10, 1790, was the
son of the celebrated Marshal Law de Lauriston,
one of Napoleon's generals, and bearer of the
treaty of peace of Amiens to London, and was
the gnreat-great nephew of the famous John Law,
of the Mississippi scheme.
June 28. At his residence. Ivy-house, Rich-
mond, Surrey, aged 79, Isaac Ward, esq.
At the Westminster Hospital, in consequence
of injuries received by being thrown from bis
horse on his return from the volunteer review
on the 23rd, being one of the First Surrey
Mounted Rifles, aged 40, Mr. Dudley Wells, a
wholesale stationer in Aldermanbury. He haa
left a veife and four children, the youngest of
whom has been bom since the melancholy acci-
dent.
June 29. At his house, Hill-st, Berkeley-sq.,
Vice-Admiral Sir George R. Brooke Pechell,
M.P. for Brighton. The gallant baronet was the
second son of Major-General Sir T. B. Pechell,
and was born in 1789. He entered the navy in
1803, and was midshipman of the " Medusa" at
the capture of the Spanish treasure ships in
1804 ; and of the " Revenge** at the capture
of four French Arigates in 1806; also of the
"Venus" at the defence of Vigo. When lieu-
tenant of the "Macedonian** he brought out
with her boats a lugger from under the batteries
of the He d'Aix in 1812 ; was commander of
the " Colibri" and " Recruit*' off New York and
Charlestown in 1814, and of the " Tamar" on the
North American station. On obtaining his post
rank he retired upon half-pay. His commissions
bore date as follows :— lieutenant, June 25tli,
1810 ; commander. May 30tb, 1814 ; captain,
Dec. 26th, 1822 ; rear-admiral, Dec. 17th, 1852 ;
and vice-admiral Jan. 5th, 1858. In July,
1880, the late baronet was nominated Gentle-
man Usher of the Privy Chamber, and in April
of the following year was appointed one of the
Equerries of Queen Adelaide, and was named a
Groom in Waiting to the Queen, but declined
that honour from the position he held in the
Dowager Queen's household. He had repre-
sented Brighton in Parliament for 25 years, har-
ing been first returned in 1835. During his
Parliamentary eareer he had uniformly sup-
ported the Whig administration. On all occa-
sions while in Parliament he displayed a strong
and most natural interest in the efficiency of the
navy. The deceased admiral married, in August,
1826, the Hon. Katherine Annabella Bishopp,
dau. of the late Lord De La Zouche, and coheir-
ess with her sister, the present Baroness De La
Zouche. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the
death of his elder brother. Sir John R. Pechell, in
1849. The baronetcy, in default of survivin«r male
issue, devolves on his cousin, George Samuel,
eldest son of the late Captain Samuel G. Pechell,
R.N., bom in 1812, and married in 1842 to Miss
Brenner, dau. of Col. Brenner of the Madras
army. He has served in the 47th Madras Native
Infantry, and is now a captain in the Shropshire
MiUtia.
I860.]
Objccary.
219
At Brigrhton, aged 72, Thomas Addison, M.D.,
of Berkclcy-sq., late Consulting Physician and
Lecturer in Physic to Guy*s Hospital. The un-
fortunate grentleman had been of late aflUcted by
melancholia, and while thus suffering had made
several attempts to commit suicide, and two per-
sons had been engaged to look after him. Two
days before his death they were walking with
him in the garden, and were about to enter the
bouse, when he suddenly sprang over a dwarf
wall into the area beneath, falling a depth of
about nine feet, by which he received a f^*acture
of the ftontal bone of the skull, and he died tram
the injuries thus sustained. No blame was at-
tributed to the attendants, and a verdict of
** Temporary insanity" was returned. The de-
ceased, who was author of several popular medi-
cal works, beeame an M.D. at Edinburgh in
1R15. He was President of the Royal Medical
Chirurgical ^^ociety of London ; consulting phy-
sician of the South London Dispensary ; was for-
merly house surgeon to the Lock Hospital, and
physician to the infirmary for children, and to
the public dispensary, Carey-street.
At Crowcombe-cottage, near Taunton, aged
60, John Francis Carew, esq., a magistrate for
Somerset.
At Hyires, in the south of France, of pulmonary
consumption, aged 23, Joseph Mullings, esq., of
Eastcourt-house, Wilts, and of Exeter College,
Oxford, eldest son of the late J. R. Mullingfs,
esq., M.P. for Cirencester.
At his residence, Dorset-sq., aged 79, R. E.
Bronghton, esq., F.R.8., who held for many
years the office of one of the metropolitan magis-
trates. Mr. Broughton was for some years one
of the magistrates of Worship-sU Police<conrt,
and upon tbe death of Mr. Rawlinson he was ap-
pointed to Marylebone Court, where he remained
up to about a month ago; when he resigned his
office upon a pension.
At Cedar-house, Cobham, the residence of her
son-in-law, John Miller, esq., aged 91, Mrs.
Elizabeth West, relict of J. West, esq., solicitor.
At his residence, Montpellier-cres., Brighton,
aged 56, Richard Tibbits, esq., late of Oundle.
At Bath, suddenly, aged 45, Robert Manners
Croft, esq., late of the 1st Royal Dragoons, and
eldest son of the Archdeacon of Canterbury.
At Barnstaple, of consumption, aged 55, Thoe.
Berry Torr, esq., snrgeon, eldest son of the late
Rev. John Torr, Vicar of Westleigh.
June 30. At Kennington, aged 64, James Forbes
Young, M.D., a Magistrate and Deputy-Lieut, of
the county of Surrey.
At London, aged 51, Lieut.-Col. S. H. Part-
ridge, of the Indian Army, second son of the late
Arthur Partridge, esq., of Epping.
Aged 75, John Davis, esq., of Fisherton Dela-
mere, Wilts.
At Parkstone, near Poole, Dorsetshire, aged
25, Mary Lantear, wife of the Rev. John Russell
Ooulty, of Saffiron Walden.
At Bubwith, aged 83, Mary Ann, second dau.
of the late W. Schoolcroft, esq., of Hovingham.
At Leamington, John Stokes, esq., late of
Laughton, Leicestershire.
Sarah Ann, wife of the Rev. Thomas Scott
Bonning, Curate of Sculcoates, Hull, and eldest
dau. of Wm. Simons, esq., of Ullesthori)e.
At Warminster, aged 22, John, only son of
the late Jonathan Phillips, esq., of Monckton
Deverill.
Very suddenly, at Holkham, aged one year,
John, son of the Earl and Countess of Leicester.
Lately. John Swanston, late forester and
gamekeeper at Abbotsford, an old servant of Sir
Walter Scott. John entered the service of Sir
Walter some forty-three years ago, became a
great favourite of his employer, and was, at the
death of the celebrated Tom Purdie, appointed to
the duties of forester and gamekeeper. John was
retained at Abbotsford until about a year ago,
when he retired. He was the last survivor in
this district of the respected servants to whom
Sir Walter Scott was warmly attached ; and his
portrait may be seen at Abbotsford, in the lobby
between the dining-room and the library. —
OalashieU Record.
At Paris, aged 97, M. de la Berge. Oalignani
records respecting this gentleman that he was
one of the last links which connect these modem
days with the ancient rigime. When a child«
seven years of age, he was on the SOth May, 1770,
taken by his tutor to see the fireworks in the
Champs-Elys^es, on the occasion of the marriage
of the Dauphin (afterwards Louis XVI.) and
Marie Antoinette. It is known that a sudden
panic having seized the crowd, a scene of fearful
confusion ensued, and that thirty persons were
killed. One of them was young De la Berge's
tutor, who perished in trying to save the child
when knocked down. The boy was picked up by
a workman, who placed him on his shoulders
and carried him Arom the crowd. The De la
Berge family recompensed the man, and be,
having commenced business on his own account,
in the end made a large fortune. They, more-
over, made a rule of giving every year a certain
sum, in the name of the child, to the poor of
their parish, and when M. de la Berge grew to
man's estate, he made the donation himself, and
continued it religiously every SOth May until
his death.
At St. Servan, in France, Rear-Adm. Bonvet.
He retired from the French naval service in 1815.
At Lyons, M. Bonnefond, an artist of some
note, and Director of the School of Painting in
that city.
At Madrid, M. de Rivera. He was Director of
the Museum of Painting, and of the Upper School
of Sculpture, Painting, and Engraving in that
capital.
At Landemean, Dr. Lemarohand, formerly
surgeon in the French navy. His death was oc-
casioned by his having pricked himself with a
needle which had been used in an operation for
removing a cancerous tumour.
At Combradet, France, aged 111 and 6 m<mths,
Jean Panis, agricultural labourer. The Echo of
Aveyron records of him that he has died from no
malady, and that he retained to the last all his
intellectual ard much of his phynicial power.
Near Rouen, aged 71, M. Charles Gruel d* In-
216
Obituary.
[Aug,
dreville, of Nesle, Normandy. The deceased, who
was the tallest man in France, had founded,
and for many years carried on, some very exten-
sive glassworks at that place. His stature was
nearly 7 feet 6 inches (English), and his body was
stout in proportion. In early life he entered the
Imperial army as a private soldier, but soon
gained the rank of sub-Ueutenant. He was pre-
sent at the battles of Wagram and Moscow. At
one time he was prisoner of war, and having
fallen ill, was sent to the hospital of Kconigsberg.
This hospital was sacked by the Russians, and
M. Gruel was thrown out into the street, and he
passed a whole night in the snow with scarcely
any covering. He, however, recovered, and re-
turned to France. His glassworks were of such
importance that King Louis Philippe several
times visited them. M. Gruel d'Indreville was
a member of the Legion of Honour, and had
filled several local offices.— Oalignani.
At his residence, the Grove, Haverfordwest, of
disease of the heart, aged 66, Rear-Adm. George
Lloyd.
Aged 88, J. Birks, esq., of Hemingfield, known
in bis district as the ** Honest Lawyer," a name
acquired, it is said, through an act of uprightness
and generosity not often equalled. A client dis-
inherited his daughter, and left the whole of his
large fortune to Mr. Birks and another gentle-
man, when Mr. Birks at ouce made over his share
to the lady.
At Attleburgh, aged. 89, John Riches, an out-
pensioner of Chelsea Hospital, late a private
soldier of "The Duke's Own Regiment," the 33rd
Foot. Riches was present at the storming and
capture of Seringapatam, and also at the battles
of Ligny, Quatre Bras, and Waterloo.
Mr. Joseph Mayer, of Hanley, Staffordshire.
His nearest relatives are cousins, and out of his
large fortune, estimated at £200,000, he has left
handsome legacies to several public institutions,
viz., to the British and Foreigrn Bible Society,
£5,000; to the London Missionary and Church
Missionary Societies, £2,500 each ; to Gray's Inn-
lane Free Hospit4il. £1,000 ; to the Brompton
Hospital for the Cure of Consumption, £500; and
to the North Staffordshire Infirmary, £1,000.
July 1. At Bridport, Dorsetshire, Stephen
Whetham, esq., J. P., formerly senior partner of
the firm of S. Whetham and Sons, Bridport and
London.
In Guernsey, aged 95, Frances Jane, widow of
P. Martin Carey, esq., and dau. of the Rev.
James Stafford, of Pcnkridge, Staffordshire.
At Little Gonerby, aged 74, Charlotte, widow
of Jonas Kcwney, esq., banker.
At Cardiff, Glamorganshire, aged 29, Mary
Ann, wife of Charles Harrison Page, esq., and
dau. of Edward Bilton, CHq., of Newcastle.
At Normanton-terrace, Derby, of pulmonary
consumption, aged 30, Sarah, wife of Dr. Spencer
T. Hall.
At Jordan-bank, Edinburgh, Jnne Eleanor,
third dau. of G. L. Cox, esq., of Springbank,
Liverpool, and wife of W. B. HcKlgson, LL.D.
At Trcvol, Ann Florence, irife of Erasmus
Coryton Roberts, esq.
At her residence. Rocky-bill, Maidstone, aged
86, Lydia, widow of the late Edward Chamber*
lajme, esq.
At Souihsea, of disease of the heart, aged 51,
Thomas Eastman, esq., R.N.
At Dresden, Sir George Bowyer, of Denham-
court, Bucks. He succeeded on the death of his
father. Admiral Sir George Bowyer, to two tiile%
—one conferred on Sir William Bowyer, of Den-
ham-court, Bucks, in )1660, for services during
the civil war and at the Restoration ; and the
other granted to Admiral Bowyer, after Lord
Howe's victory on the 1st of June, 1794, in which
engagement he was severely wounded. The do-
ceased baronet, who was bom in 1783, and in
1808 married Anne, dau. of Sir A. S. Douglas,
R.N., (she died 1844,) formerly represented the
boroughs of Malmesbury and Abingdon, and was
a friend and supporter of Pitt and Canning. He
leaves three sons and two daughters. He is suc-
ceeded in his titles and estates by his eldest son,
the member for Dundalk, of Radley-park, Berks.
At Southfield, near StirUng, Capt. J. N. For-
rester, of Craigannet. He was lineally descended
from John Baron Napier, the inventor of loga-
rithms ; through which line he inherited the pro-
perty of Craigannet, originally left by Baron
Napier to his fourth son. His mother was a Miss
Hamilton of Do wan. He left his native country
in 1804 to^nter the Company's service in India,
after having passed through the educational cur-
riculum at Woolwich Academy. He joined the
Bengal Artillery, 2nd Battalion, with which be
served for fourteen years. The deceased officiated
as a Justice of the Peace for the county of Stir-
ling for nearly forty years, and the manner in
which he conducted the proceedings in that
Court was characterised by sound judgment and
by tact and facility in reconciling parties who
were brought before him.
July 2. At bis residence, Streatham-hill,
Surrey, aged 82, Charles Few, esq.
At Hanover, aged 46, George Hausmann, the
well-known violoncellist.
July 3. At Sherborne, aged 83, Maria, fifth
dau. of the late Rev. F. C. Parsons, Vicar of
Yeovil.
At Hastings, aged 70, Jonathan Barrett, esq.,
of Croydon.
At the Pigeon-house Fort Barracks, near Dub-
lin, Lieut. -Col. Collingwood Fen wick, of the
76th Regt., fourth son of the late Christopher
Fenwick, esq., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
At the residence of her father. Sir Joshoa
Walmsley, Wolverton-pk., Hants, aged 43, Eliza-
beth, wife of Charles Binns, esq., of Claycross,
Derbyshire.
At Bilston, Staffordshire, aged 78, William
Taylor, esq., formerly M.P. for Barnstaple, lately
residing at Titley-cottage, Herefordshire.
At Florence-pl., Falmouth, aged 81, Robert
Condtantine Pender, esq.
July 4. In Albert-sq., Clapham-road, Edward
Russell, esq., late Assistant Inspector-General of
Inland Revenue.
At St. Jean d' Acre-terrace, Stoke, suddenly,
aged 35, the wife of James G. Dymond, esq.
I860.]
Obituary.
217
At AlwjTic-road, Islington, John Carthcw,
esq., of Liskeard.
July 5. At her residence, St. John's-court,
Chester, aged 83, Dorothy, widow of the Ven.
Archdeacon Wrangham. She was dan. of the
Rev. Digby Cayley, Rector of Thormanby, and
niece and co-heiress of the Rev. John Robinson,
of Welbum and Thornton Risbrcugh.
At Shecmess, aged 51, Capt. Rundle Surges
Watson, R.N., C.B., and Naval Aide-de-Camp to
the Queen, eldest son of the late Capt. Joshua
R. Watson, R.N.
Aged 38, Peter Pett Rolt, esq., eldest son of
Peter Rolt, esq., of Cork-st., Burlington-gardens.
At Keymer, Sussex, Annie Sophia, wife of
William Henry Herrich, esq., late Capt. 61st
Light Infantry, and granddau. of the late Arch-
deacon Corcor, of Cor Castle, co. Cork.
At Bath, of bronchitis, Mrs. Southcomb, widow
of the Rev. J. Southcomb, of Minehead, Somerset.
At Queen's-road, Peckham, aged 72, Lieut.-
Col. Edward Kingsley, late of the 58th Regt.
At Bclmont-lodge, Guernsey, aged 72, Lieut.*
Gen. Sir George J. Harding, K.C.B., late Go-
vernor of the Island. The deceased saw much
service on the Continent from 1812 to 1818, at
first in Sicily and the east coast of Spain, and
afterwards with the Prussian army.
July 6. At Clifton, aged 29, Mariana Frances,
wife of Capt. Le Gallais, of H.M.'s In^Uan Army,
and eldest dau. of Richard Brouncker, esq., of
Boveridge, Dorset.
At his residence, Northgate, Warwick, aged
42, Thomas Nicks, esq., solicitor. Mr. Nicks was
admitted an attorney and solicitor in 1845. In
addition to being Registrar of the County Court,
he held several public and private appointments
much to the satisfaction of his clients.
At the Grove, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, after a
few hours* illness, Elizabeth Woolhouse, wife of
the Rev. Charles Levingston, Rector of St. Law-
rence.
At the Oaks, Leamington, aged 45, Colonel
Walter Unett, late of the 3d Light Dragoons.
The deceased, who was the brother of Col. Thos.
Unett, who fell while leading the storming party
at the Redan of Sebastopol, had seen good service
in India. He received a medal after the Affghan-
istan, and a medal and two clasps after the Pun-
jaub, campaign. He had also a " distinguished
service" pension granted to him, and was ap-
pointed to carry a banner at the funeral of the
Duke of Wellington.
After a few days' illness, aged 69, Lieut. Ed-
ward Wilde, R.N., Adjutant of the Royal Hos-
pital, Greenwich.
At the Esplanade, Plymouth, Anne Laetitia,
eldest and last surviving child of the late Rev.
Sir Harry .Trelawny, bart., of Trelawny, Corn-
wall.
At Bradston Brook-house, near Guildford,
Surrey, aged 79, George John Gibson, esq., of
Sandgate-lodge, Steyning, Sussex.
At Silverton, aged 73, Mary, only dau. of the
late Joseph Philip Spry, esq., of that place.
At Weston Cliff, Derbyshire, aged 96, Mrs.
Mary Plant,
July 7. At the residence of Miss Tait, Jennyn-
st., St. James's, agedCl, Lady Qcedes Mackensde,
of Avoch, N.B.
At Ashwell, Herts, Henry William Morice,
esq., son of the late Rev. Henry Morice, Vicar of
Ashwell, and Canon of Lincoln.
At his residence, Portland-pl., aged 69, Major
John Arthur Moore.
At Hull, aged 94, Elizabeth, relict of Captain
John Dewear.
At Dartmouth, aged 41, ArUiur G. Thomas,
esq., R.N.
At his residence. Friar-gate, Derby, William
Watson, esq., formerly of Daybrook, near Not-
tingham.
July 8. In Cavendish-square, Cecil Frances,
Countess of Wicklow. The late Countess was
the only dau. of the late Marquis of Abercom,
grandfather of the present Marquis, by his se-
cond nxarriage with Lady Cecil, eighth dau- of
the late Hon. and Rev. George Hamilton, of
Abercom, which marriage was dissolved by act
of Parliament, in April, 1799. The deceased
Countess, who was bom July 19, 1795, married
Feb. 16, 1816, the Earl of Wicklow, by whom her
ladyship had a family of six daughters, three of
whom are living, namely. Lady Frances, married
to Col. the Hon. Colin Lindsay ; Lady Anne Jane,
widow of Lord Milford; and Lady Katherine,
married to the Hon. Arthur Petre.
At Plymouth, aged 25, Emma Minna, the third
dau. of Major F. R. Moore, late H.E.I.C.S.
At Wistow Rectory, Hunts, aged 49, Ellen,
wife of the Rev. T. Woodruff.
In Plowdon-buildings, Temple, John Jervis,
esq., eldest son of the late Sir John Jervis, Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
At the residence of his; son, (Donglas, Isle of
Man, where he was on a visit for the benefit of
his health,) the Rev Enoch Darke, United Metho-
dist Free Church minister, Sunderland.
At Doncaster, aged 52, Miss Wyatt, a lady of
independent means. She had been writing a
letter, and for the purpose of sealing the en-
velope, had a lighted taper placed upon the table.
Her sister accidentally knocked the taper off the
table, and it fell upon the muslin dress of the
deceased, when both of them lost their presence
of mind, and ran out of the room crying for help.
A man who was passing at the time, and other
persons at once rendered assistance, but the lady
received such injuries as caused her death. She
had on a steel crinoline, which in a great mea-
sure hindered the putting out of the flames.
July 9. In London, Louisa, the Dowager Lady
St. John, of Bletsoe, and relict of the Right Hon.
Mr. Justice Vaughan.
At Manor-villas, South Hackney, aged 02,
Jane, wife of W. £. Flaherty, Esq.
At Langley-park, Derby, aged 13, Eleanor
Mary, eldest dau. of the late John May-
nell, Esq.
July 10. At Ladbroke-sq., Notting-bill, aged
76, Major-Gen. Wavell, K.F., K.C.S., F.R.S.
In London, Major-Gen. G. C. Mundy, Lieut.-
Oovemor of Jersey, eldest son of the late Gen.
and the Hon. Sarah Mondy.
218
Obituary.
[Aug.
At the Rectory, Earnley, aged 19, Seth,
eldest son of the Rev. George Cornwall.
At St. Hildu's-terracc, Whitby, aged 93, Wm.
Usherwood, Esq.
July 11. At Sandy Rectory, Bedfordshire,
aged 32, Ellen, wife of the Rev. John Richard-
son.
At Sun Roque, Torquay, aged 57, Elisabeth,
wife of James Hodgen, Esq.
July 12. At Richmond, aged 86, Mrs. Ann
Thompson, mother of the Rev. W. C. Thompson,
chaplain of York Castle.
A^gcd 27, Robert Greville, fourth son of the
Rev. Ucnry R. Crewe, Rector of Breadsall.
At Exeter, of consumption, aged 8, George
"Willford, only son of Capt T. 8. Warden, of
H.M.'s 4th Bombay Rifles, and grandson of the
late Colonel Mignon, of the Bombay Fusiliers.
Aged G9, George Soane, A.B., youngest son of
the late Sir John Soane, knt.
July 13. At Monkstown, Sydney, the relict of
the Hon. and Rev. Arthur Vesey.
At Ilford, Essex, aged 26, Jane, wife of Dr. F.
Bo wen, late surgeon to the Royal Hibernian
Military School, Dublin.
Suddenly, at the house of her relative, (Mrs.
Rebecca Pine,) Eurl-street, Maidstone, aged 63,
Hannah, only dau. of the late Rev. Jaa. Skinner,
of Cranbrook.
At Liskeard, aged 82, Richard Hingston, esq.,
sen., surgeon.
At Margate, aged 26, Louisa King Wells, niece
of the late James Edw. Wright, esq., solicitor.
Aged 35, Christopher Edward Jf^ifferson, esq.,
of Bcxhill, Sussex.
At Donaghadu, co. Down, Florence Charlotte
Hester, el test dau. of the late Nathaniel Alexan-
der, enq., of Portelenone, co. Antrim, and formerly
M.P. for that county.
In Upper Uarley-st., aged 86, Sir Wm. Home,
who was Solicitor-Gen. from 1830 to 1832, and
Attorney-Gen. from 1832 to 1834. He resigned
the last-named of&ce on being offered the place
of a Baron of the Exchequer, but almost immcdi-
diately afterwards declined to accept tbe ap-
pointment. He was one of the first members for
Mar) lebone.
July 14. At Redcar, aged 77, Anne Margaret,
wife of Charles Oxley. esq., of Hipon and eldest
dau. of the late Very Rev. Robert Darley Waddi-
love. Dean of Uipon.
At Norton, near Malton, aged 50, Geo. BartUff,
esq., surgeon.
July 15. At Parkfleld-house, Marldon, aged
76, Francis Oarratt, esq.
At the Little Priory, Totnes, Anne, eldest dan.
of the late Bramhall Dyson, esq., Bokeby, York-
shire.
In Tavistock-sq., Elisabeth, wife of J. J. Mil-
ford, esq., and dau. of the late Edw. Budd, esq.
At London, aged 44, William Sowton, esq.,
barrister, eldest son of W. Sowton, esq., solicitor,
Chichester.
In Portland-pl., Georgiana, fifth dan. of the
Hon. Sir Thomas J. Piatt.
July 16. In Westboume-terr., Hyde-park,
aged 76, John Cotton, esq., late Director of the
East India Company.
July 17. At his seat, Ombersley-eourt, Worces-
tershire, aged 68, Lieut.-Gen. the Lord Sandys,
Colonel of the Royal Scots Greys.
At Exeter, the residence of her father. Dr.
Land, Margaretta Mary Ann, wife of T. Collyna
Land, of Rosamondford-house, Aylesbeare.
At Devonport, aged 68, Ann, widow of Lieut.
Came, K.N.
In Dorset-sq., Capt. Harry Eyres, C.B., of
Knockwood-park, Tenterden, Kent.
At the residence of his brother, Bramley Sur-
rey, aged 28, Heury, youngest son of Ambrose
Weston, cq., of Lincoln*s-inn, barris'er-at-law,
and formerly of Hamilton-tcr., St. John's-wood.
July 18. Aged 42, Jane Mary, wife of Kenelm
Henry Digby, esq.,
At Paris, aged 47, Wihnot Seton, esq., of the
Treasury, and Somers-place. Hyde-park.
At Middleham, aged 76, Harriet, relict of Wm.
Sadleir Bruere, esq.
Aged 72, Jno. Sumpner,e8q.,of Park-st.,York.
July 19. In King-st., St. James's, aged 5S,
the Right Hon. Lord Elphinstone, G.C.B. and
O.C.H.
At Mayfield, Sussex, aged 70, Robt. Fry, esq.,
formerly of Hodges, in that parish.
July 20. At her residence, St. David's-hill,
Exeter, aged 76, Miss Martha Somers Oard.
July 21. At the Victoria-hotel, Euston-eq.,
aged 45, Capt. Frederick Holland, R.N., of Ash-
boume-hall, Derbyshire.
Aged 67, James Barton, esq., late of the
Treasury, Bank of England, and Greenwich.
July 23. In Orosvenor-pL, aged 56, Lady
Mary Pelham.
At LimpHfield, Surrey, aged 95, Richard Lane,
esq., late of Brighton.
13
I860.]
219
TABLE OP MORTALITY AND BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON.
(JFVom the Eetums issued hy the Registrar' Oeneral,)
DEATHS REGISTERED.
SXTPEEnrrElTDKNT
BBGISTBABS'
Area
in
Statute
Acres
Popula-
tion
in
1851
Deaths in Districts, &c., in the Week
ending Saturday,
DISTSICTS.
June
23.
1860.
June
30.
1860.
July
7.
1860.
July
14,
1860.
Mean Temperature
56-6
o
571
1001
58-6
67-4
London
78029
2362236
965
919
1016
1-6. West Districts .
7-11. North Districts .
12-19. Central Districts
20-25. East Districts .
26-36. South Districts .
10786
13533
1938
6230
45542
376427
490396
393256
485522
616635
160
199
142
210
254
169
186
141
210
295
165
190
131
201
232
158
243
124
202
288
Deaths Registered
•
Births Registered.
Week ending
Saturday,
Under
20 years
of Age.
20 and
under 40.
40 and
under 60.
60 and
under 80.
•
_ a
||
22
41
33
27
1
1
•
1
June 23 .
30 .
July 7 .
,, 14 .
448
473
435
512
146
147
157
174
176
165
146
148
165
172
144
154
965
1001
919
1015
837
859
879
936
851
872
788
819
1688
1731
1667
1754
PRICE OP CORN.
Average ^ Wheat,
of Six > *. d.
Weeks. J 66 7
Barley.
a. d,
34 2
Oats.
s, d,
26 7
Rye.
s, d,
89 8
Beans.
s, d.
46 4
Peas.
s. d.
41 6
Week endingl 57 7 i 33 5
July 14. /
I 26 8 I 41 3 I 46 6 | 43 7
PRICE OP HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHPIELD, Jitlt 19.
Hay, 2L 16*. to 5Z. 6*. — Straw, IL 16*. to 21. 2s, — Clover, 3L 16*. to SL 6*.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-MARKET.
To sink the Ofial — per stone of Slhs.
Beef 4*. Sd.toSs. Sd.
Mutton 4*. lOd. to 5*. lOd.
Veal 4*. 8<i. to6*. 6d.
Pork 4*. 6rf. to5*. Od,
Lamh 5*. 6(2. to 6*. Sd,
Head of Cattle at Market, July 19.
Beasts 889
Sheep and Lamhs 12,100
Calves 681
Pigs 100
COAL-MARKET, July 23.
Best Wallsend, per ton, 16*. 6d, to 19*. Od, Other sorts, 13*. 6d, to 16*. 3<f.
HETEOROLOQICAL DIART, ST H. GOULD, late W. CART, 181, StBUD.
JVom Jhm 24 to Jufy 23, iaciwiw.
UBrom
ThermOT
rtpr
BaroiQ
II
i
!i
Weather.
If
1
i
14
Weather.
.I..ne
o
0
0
in.
yits.
July
D
c
a
in.
pte.
St
<\\
ft!)
an.
cldj.fair.cWj.
fifi
."iSl
fid
m.
clondy, &ir
m
JH.
141
li4
VM
•jn
hii
/t»
H7
do. do.
f.r
fiT
W(
as*.
HV
do. fair
Vl
tM
^(l
m
K7
do. rain cidy.
I'.H
HH
dado.
m
m
4!K
A-^
■>s>.
74
rain fair. uldj.
IS
57
(in
fi7
ZH.
do. do.
HH
*!?.
ftii
w
7>
iy.ni.th.liet
14
IWI
73
fitt
■'.\l
77
rn, oldy. Wr.
H(l
s«
J>!l
-111
11
ddj.n..cUly.
Ifi
11 F
7K
fill
2H.
H[
cldj, .Igt. m.
J,l
(>7
4iK
f.»i
■iO.
2^
do. fair.
Ifi
Wl
BH
Jil.
m
do. bvy. rain
■i
lis
71 1
liK
ill.
as
fnir
17
fiO
KK
Bfi
JH.
m
do. fair, cldy.
■A
f>i
70
fifi
-Ml
Kf
rioudj, fair
IN
Hfl
R7
MH
T,
rain, cldy. ra.
fi;<
fir<
■H)
11^
114
do. do. do.
fi«
li'i
tilt
Ml,
If
fair cldy. fair
Sfl
fil
71
57
2!».
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ti.ir,clj.Ly.ra.
fi4
m
M
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«n
fill
M
JH.
fir.
flF.
ftS
Jlli
Ml
W
n
Wl
(Hi
BS
/H
heavy rain
&5
dO.
ID
do. fair cldy.
Ha
by
E>H
M!
i».
70
cLcoiul.hj.rn.
DAILY PEICE OF STOCKS.
JUD.
July
coS».
rT
£
stock.
£1,1100.'
r^.
Bor-d".
£1,000.
Indlo
25
26
27
28
20
80
J. 2
8
4
G
6
7
9
10
11
Shut.
92i 31
921 3
92[ 3
92i 3
93
93
931
931
931
931
fA
931
931
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93
93 1
93
92! 3
93
¥
931
931
SI
931
93}
S3|
931
931
93
931
931
93i
931
93)
93 (
931
931
931
931
par.ipm.
2dis.2'pni.
Shut.
Bdis,
Shut.
229
229
229 301
7dU.
par.
par. 3 pn..
4pin.
par. 8 pm.
par. 2 pm.
par. 3 pm.
C.
par. 3 pm.
12.7 di>.
10. 7 dl».
2291 30
7 die.
9. 4 dia,
2301
93
as
93
93
93i
98)
931
931
93»
S3i
931
as
93
03
10*1 t
lOH 4
104 i
1041 I
10*1 1
10*1 (
10*1 4
10*1 1
10*1 t
1041 t
1041 1
1041 1
1041 1
230
218 20
219
219 201
219 21
219J 21
229
229
229
3dia.
7di^
2di^lpm.
2 di., par.
1 dii.
par.2pn..
par. 8 pm.
18
14
16
Sdij..
231
229 sot
229 304
2281 230
7. 3 dia.
5. 3 dU.
6di<.
6. 6 di».
6dii.
7di».
7. 3 di«.
18
2171219
1. 2 pm.
20
21
23
218 220
218 19
ai9
1. 4pin.
L 4 pm.
228) 30
104i k
ALFRED WHITMOBE,
Stock and Share Broker,
19, Change Alley, London, E.C.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
AND
HISTORICAL EEVIEW.
SEPTEMBER, 1860.
CONTENTS.
PAOB
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.- Congress of French Antiquaries at Cherbourg— St. Mary
in the Caatle, DoTer—Ronuui Well at York 222
Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary 223
Hingeston's Royal and Historical Letters - 233
A VUit to Sheppey 237
Archajology in Algeria 245
Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones 246
Heraldry founded on Facts ». 252
L. — \)ciety of
tcr, Tie ; Kent
ANTIQUARIAN AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCER. — I xjiety of Antiquaries, 258;
Congress of the Archseological Institute at Gloucester, tLb ; Kent ArchSBologlcal So*
ciety, 289 ; Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society, 289; Society of Antiquaries, New-
castle-upon-Tyne, 291 ; Surtecs Society 292
CORRESPONDENCE OF SYLVANDS XJRBAN. — A Westminster Fabric Roll of 1258,
p. 293 ; Thomas Becket or Thomas of London! 300; Notes on Coronations 805
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.— Bhall the New Foreign Office be
Gothic or Classic T 306 ; Photographic Illustrations of Worksop, Steetley, and Boche
Abbey, 308; Brazil: its History, People, &c 810
BIRTHS 812
MARRIAGES ^ 814
OBITUARY— H.I.H. the < Tand Duchess Anne of Russia^Thomas Poyser, Esq., 819;
James Forbes Young, Esq.— David Irving, LL.D < 820
CLERGY DECEASED ^ 821
DEATHS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 822
Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births in the Metropolis— Markets, 881 ;
Meteoiological Diary— Daily Price of Stocks 832
By STLVANUS TJEBAN, Grar,
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
CONGRESS OP FRENCH ANTL
QUARIES A^ CHERBOURG.
This Congress will commence on the
2nd of September, under the presidency
of M. de Caumont, and promises to be
one of nnnsnal interest. The peninsula
of Cotentin is full of antiquities, and
these will be well explored by the lead-
ing antiquaries of France. Excursions
will be made to Tourlaville, where there
is a medisDval castle, and also Druidical
stones, and to Biville, with its celebrated
reliques. A small volume for the use of
the members and visitorfl has been issued
by M. de Caumont.
ST. MARY'S IN THE CASTLE,
DOVER.
Mb. Ubbak, — I have mentioned in my
*« South Coast of England," pp. 67, 290,
the facts that the peal of five bells for-
merly in this interesting church were re-
moved by Sir George Rooke, with the per-
nussion of Prince George of Denmark,
to St. Thomas's Church, Portsmouth, and
that the chalice and paten were merely
made a loan to the parish of St. James's,
Wardcndown, until the restoration of St.
Mary's in the Castle (p. 74). I think that
as St. Mary's is now, happily, in course of
restoration, and St. James's is being re-
built on another site in East Brook -street,
it may be of importance to verify those
statements, and g^ve my authorities, and
I therefore beg permission to do so in
your pages.
Darell, in the reign of Elizabeth, de-
Bcribes the pharos as "turris quse mu-
niUonl potius esse, quam campanarum
ctiai iisOTvire poesit, cum in eo erigendo
Bomanom in arcibns sedificandi consiietu-
dinem Lucius sit imitatns."
«Five of these bells [at St. Thomas's,
Portsmoath] were given by Prince George
of Denmark, who, at the requ€«t of Sir
George Rook, had them removed from an
old pharos within the fortifications of
Dover Castle," [c. 1703].— ^^e»'* Por^-
mouth, London, 1817, p. 133. See also
H<>m*8 Dover, 1817, p. 32.
" This building [the pharos] was mado
use of as a steeple, aud had a pleasing ring
of bells, which Sir Qeoi^e Rooke procured
to be carried away to Portsmouth." — De
Foe's Travels, 8th Edition, i. p. 149.
In 1711, " the humble petition of the
miiiister and churchwardens of St. James,
Dover, set forth that the inhabitants and
officers of the Castle resorted to their
parish church since the disuse of the
chapel in Dover Castle, and prayed that
the use of a gilt chalice and paten, for-
merly belonging to that chapel, might be
given to them imtil divine service shall be
celebrated in the chapel of the castle."
"The Earl of Dorset's order to Mr.
Lamb upon ihe petition of the minister
and churchwardens of St. James, Dover,
dated Sept. 6, 1711, runs thus : — * Deliver
the chalice and paten, etc., and take a re-
ceipt for it in your book, to be returned
when required, and see the same be en-
tered in the parish book.' The following
receipt was given to Mr. Lamb : — * Re-
ceived this 7th day of September, 17II9
of Mr. Lamb, a gilt chalice and paten
within mentioned for the use of the pa-
rishioners of St. James, Dover, which was
promised for ourselves and successon, to
deliver unto the Lord Warden or his suc-
cessors, when thereunto lawfully required."
— Batchellei^a Dover, 1845, p. 71.
I am, &C.,
Maoilekzib Waloott, M.A.
ROMAN WELL AT YORK.
Mb. Ubbav, — On August the 2nd was
discovered in Goodramgate, near to Mdhk
Bar, York, on the right hand side of the
street, in digging the foundation of a
home, a Roman well of very good masonry.
Tliere were found near it several hanum
bones. — 1 am, kc^
W. H. Clabkb.
ERRATUM.
p. 218, col 1, 1. 40, /or ''Sir Wm.
Home," read " Sir Wm. Home."
THE
AND
HISTORICAL REVIEW,
A]^CIEi;rT AKMOUE AKD WEAPONS— SUPPLEMENTARY ».
OuB readers will doubtless remember that during the whole of the year
1858 and a portion of 1859, a part of our space was regularly devoted to
the topic which stands at the head of this article. For reasons on which
we need not here entef, the mode of production was changed when the
fourteenth century had been completed, but the author has continued his
labours, and in a Supplement has brought down his work to the close
of the seventeenth century, a period beyond which the term Ancient
Weapons and Armour would appear quite inapplicable, but which affords
many links connecting even the volunteer rifleman of the present day with
his predecessors, the *' citizens of London practised in arms," of the time of
Queen Elizabetii.
After the ample specimen that we have given, it must be quite unneces-
sary for us to enter into any particulars of the scope and purpose of Mr.
Hewitt's work. We need only say that the Supplementary volume, with
which alone we are now concerned, is quite equal to the former ones in
evidence of laborious research and in completeness and beauty of illustration.
It treats of the weapons and armour of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seven-
teenth centuries, and for each period it has many matters to interest the
general reader as well as the antiquary. Even in the fifteenth century we
find something like modern fire-arms in use, a much earlier date than that
usually assigned, and in the sixteenth and seventeenth we have many close
approximations to the rifled guns and revolvers, the dragoons and volunteer
corps of the present day. Now that public attention is at length directed
to the question of national defence, such early notices as these cannot fail
to be interesting. In cases like this, an appeal should be made to the eye
a ((
Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe : from the Iron Period of the Northern
Nations to the end of the Seventeenth Centnry : with Illustrations from Cotemporary
Monuments. By John Hewitt, Member of the Arcbffiological Institute of Great
Britain. Supplement, comprising the 15tb, 16th, and 17th Centuries." (Oxford and
London : J. H. and Jas. Parker.)
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. d d
224 Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary, [Sept.
as well as to the understanding, and therefore we borrow illustrations of al
these matters from our author, as well as descriptive matter in a condensed
form ; our task is only to supply such a running comment as appears
necessary to link our extracts together.
I. Eably Hand-guns.
In his second volume Mr. Hewitt has shewn how *' villanous ealtpetre"
had begun to make inroads on the established art of war. At first it was
only employed for " great ordnance," but from a document that he prints
in that volume there appears good reason for believing that hand-guns were
in use in England at least as early as 1375. We have abundant evidence
of their employment in the fifteenth centuiy, and an example which he
engraves, though apparently cumbrous, bears a considerable resemblance
to a favourite weapon of the present day. The passages we are about to
quote are of the date of about 1470, and they are taken from the letter-
press to Plate 88 : —
" The first hand-gunner here fignred is from Bumey MS., No. 169, fol. 127. The
manuscript is ' Des fais du grant Alexandre, translate du latin en franoois par venerable
personne Yasque de Luce, ne portugalois, en Ian de grace mil quatrecent soixante huit,'
&c. The Latin is that of Quintus Curtius. The transcript appears to have been made
about 1470-74. The volume contains many miniatures interesting to the student of
military antiquities. Knights mounted and on foot, archers, Greek-fire, cannon, hand-
gunners, combats and jousts are among the subjects represented. The fig^ure here given
furnishes an early example of the hand-gun, and from the colouring of the miniature
we learn that the material of the arm was iron. The hand-gun of this time differed
in nothing but its size from the small cannon of the day : it consisted of a metal tube
fixed in a straight stock of wood ; the vent was at the top of the barrel ; there was no
lock of any kind. The barrel was of iron or brass, and these barrels were occasionally
furnished with moveable chambers. The example found in the old castle of Tannen-
berg (noticed at p. 299^) is of brass
** It is not till the second half of the fifteenth century that any pictorial example of
the hand-gun is found. The miniature before us is one of the earliest. The arm again
appears in the second illustration, from Boy. MS., 18, E, v., fol. 34^<*., written in 1473 ;
in the woodcuts of Valturius, De re militari, cap. x., printed in 1472 ; and in De Vigne's
Vade-mecum, vol. ii.. Appendix. All these very closely resemble each other, both in
the simplicity of their form and the mode of discharge. It is not unprofitable U> com-
pare this primitive arm with its modem successor, the telescope rifle, sighted to kill at
900 yards. In the example from Roy. MS., 18, £, v., the barrel appears from its
colouring to be of brass."
Soon afler the date of these illustrations an adaptation of the band-gun
appears, which gives us the rude beginning of a corps of dragoons. In
Plate 104, Mr. Hewitt represents the mounted harquebusier, whose em-
ployment in Italy in the time of Ferdinand II. of Naples is noted by
Paolo Giovio : —
^ " In the excavations of the Castle of Tannenberg, dismantled in 1399, there was
found a hand-gun of brass, with part of the wooden stock remaining, and the iron
rammer belonging to it. The whole of these curious reUcs are engraved in Dr. Hef-
ner's volume, Die Burg Tannenberg und ihre Ausgrahungen,** ,
I860.] Ancient Armour and Weapon* — SuppleTnentary.
226
Andeni Armour and Weapons — Supplementary. [Sept.
"The fashion soon Bpmd : in IJilO, the Swiss nctiog in lUljbad fivehnndred bi^se-
men, of which half carried Sre-amu. (S«e OnicciBtdini, lib. ii.) It was not, however,
till the second half of the siiteentb century that baud fire-Brms made any serious pro-
gress as an armameut far the field of battle.
" The miniatnre i» from a mannacript in the Bihliothiqat lU Bourgog»e (at Brosaels),
engraved in De Vigne's Vade-meeutn da peintrt, vol. ii., Appendix, Anaet A feu. 6a
oompaiinfi: tlie weapon witli that figured on our plate 88, and with tlic earlier eiunple
in Hefner'a Tannenbcrg volume, it will bo seen that tbe form is in all nearly identic&I
This differs chiefly in being piovlded with a ring for suspension. I'hc licst also has a
ring, and it is clear that when the fire has been given, tbe ' gannc' would bo let fall
with its muzzle downwards at the nde or back of the soldier, while the rest would at
tbe same time fall upon tho horse's slioDlder in front of the saddle. In hii hand the
horseman holds the lighted match-cord for exploding his piece. Tbe gonne, it will be
obserred, is still without lock."
The cumbrous hand-gun just represented was in great measure super-
aeded, as far aa horsemen were concerned, by tbe wheel-lock pistol, an in-
ventioa of the Nurembergers, which became the characterietic weapoa of
the German Belters, id the second quarter of the aixteenth century. It
was sometimes double-barreled j No, J] of the Tower collection is a good
example, the barrels being placed vertically. Towards the close of the
I860.] Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary. 227
century the flint lock (Schnapphahn) begins to appear. The earliest notice
of this invention observed by Mr. Hewitt is that printed in the first volume
of the " Norfolk Archaeology " (p. 16), the record of a payment by the
Chamberlain of Norwich in 1588 *' to Henry Radoe, smyth, for making one
of the old pistolls with a snapphance and a new stock for it." The wei^on
is here shewn (p. 226) in its early form, from an example in the Tower.
It is of German manufacture and has the Nuremberg stamp on the barrel.
It will be observed that the steel does not cover the pan, but with its
furrowed face stands ready to throw down its shower of sparks into the
open pan, when struck by the flint.
II. DiSUSK OF THE PiKE : REVOLVERS AND BbEECH-LOADINO AbmS.
The arquebus, throughout the sixteenth century,' continued to gain
ground on all other weapons, and came g^dually almost to supersede the
pike, tb the extreme displeasure of " ancient captains," one of whom, Sir
William Waad, the well-known Lieutenant of the Tower, manfully stands
up for the pike, yet shews a due appreciation of what may be done by
** the shot," if properly handled : —
** Now, to say somewhat by the way touching your armed Hkers ; the only body,
strength, and bulwark in the field ; it is not a little to be lamented to see them so
generally decayed in this land, giving oorselves so much to that French order of shot,
whereby we have so wonderfiilly weakened ourselves, as it b high time to look to the
restoring of them again. And yet, touching the use of shot, as it is a singnlar weapon,
being put into the hands of the skilful and exercised soldier (being the jnllars and
upholders of the pikes, and without which there is no perfect body), so no doubt, on
the contrary part, committed to a coward, or an unskilful man's handling, it is the
previest thief in the field ; for he robbeth pay, oonsumeth victuals, and slayeth his own
fellows in discharging behind their hacks. And one thing even is as ill as this, he con-
ianually wasteth powder, the most precious jewel of a prince. Whereof I would wish
captuns not only to reject such as are altogether unapt, but also greatly to commend
of them that discharge but few shot, and bestow them well ; for it is more worthy of
praise to ^scharge fair and leisurely, than fast and unadvisedly, the one taking ad*
vantage by wariness and foresight, whereas the other loseth all with rashness and
hastV
The pike was, however, gradually abandoned, though attempts were
made to place it on an equality with the rival weapon, sometimes by pro-
posing to add a bow to the pikeman's equipment^ for ''questionless,''
observes Ward, in his "Animadversions of Warre" (1639), "in the time
of stormie wet weather, these Bowes would doe great service, when the
Musquet cannot be discharged for wet."
Another combination with the pike recommended at this time was the
" revolver." This is very clearly described by Ward ; it is to be a pike
with three petronel barrels and one lock, *' the touch-holes of these Barrels
« << Written in 1596. It is contained in a tract among the Birch MSS. hi the Britaah
Museum, No. 4,122 : ' Concerning the Defence of the kingdom against invaaionfl.'
Printed in Arc^uBologiOy voL xiii. p. 169.''
228 Ancient Armour and Weapons— SuppleineiUary. Sept.
I860.] Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary, 229
to turne to the locke one after another." Indeed, we learn from Mr.
Hewitt's " Catalogue of the Tower Armories*^," that not only revolvers, but
breech-loading arms, are in existence of the early part of the sixteenth
century, and in one piece particularly, popularly known as Henry VIII. *8
fowling piece, '' the moveable chamber which carries the cartridge has ex-
actly the form of that in vogue at the present day." Rifling the barrels
does not appear to have a claim to so much antiquity. Our author can
carry it no higher than the commencement of the seventeenth century.
The earliest patent in the Patent Office of London is dated 24 June, 1635.
TliQ gunsmith undertakes *' to rifle, cutt out, and screwe barrels, as wide
or as close, or as deepe or as shallowe, as shalbe required, and with
great ease."
III. The Volunteebs of the time of Elizabeth.
We have seen that some of our most valued weapons at the present day
existed, at least in a rude form, in the time of the Tudors, if not before —
not a bad illustration of the adage that there is nothing so new as what has
been forgotten. We see also from our author that in the da3rs of Elizabeth
there existed in London (and no doubt elsewhere) considerable bodies of
" citizens practised in arms," the worthy precursors of the Rifle Corps of
the present day, and he gives us pictures of them which we imagine cannot
fail to interest our readers. We therefore transfer them to our pages, with
some little explanatory matter.
Stowe*s Chronicle furnishes a full account of the pompons funeral ac-
corded in St. Paul's to Sir Philip Sydney, in February, 1587, in which the
volunteers of London make a conspicuous flgure. He 8a3r8, " Citizens of
London practised in arms, 300, marched three and three in the foreward,
the captain, lieutenant and three targets, musqueteers four ranks, drums
and fife, small shot twenty ranks, pikes twenty ranks, halberds four ranks,
chief officers of the field, drums, fife and ensign. In the rearward, hal-
berdiers three ranks, pikes fifteen ranks, drums and fife, small shot fifteen
ranks, musqueteers fifteen ranks, &c. And when his corpse was thus con-
veyed into Paul's church, where he was honourably interred, they honoured
him with a double volley of shot, and so departed."
A Roll of this grand ceremony was prepared by Thomas Lant, and copies
of it are preserved in the Heralds' College, and also in the British Museum.
It gives representations of the chief figures in the procession, and Mr. Hewitt
has engraved four of them, which we borrow. Two of these, the pikeman
and the targeteer, are now quite out of date, and their equipment therefore
calls for but little remark. The pikeman wears a curat, that is, an armour
comprising only back and breastplates, the latter piece being of the peas-
cod form common at the period. The targeteer is unprovided with body
. * Gent. Mag., May, 1860, p. 601.
Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary, [Sept.
I860.] Ancient Armour and Weapons — Supplementary. 231
armour, but he carries a handsome target, specimens of which may be seen
in the Tower Armory, Rich targets appear to have been occasionally
used in action, though probably, for the most part, employed on ceremo-
nial occasions. At the siege of Ostend in 1601, the troops of Sir Francis
Vere, after a contest with the Spaniards, '* brought in gold chains, Spanish
pistols, buff jerkins, Spanish cassocks, blades, swords, and targets ; among
the rest, one wherein was enamelled in gold the Seven Worthies, worth
seven or eight hundred gilders*."
The other two figures, the '* small shot*' and musqueteer, may be ad-
vantageously noticed more at length. Mr. Hewitt, in describing Plates 132
and 133, says, —
" The ' arquebusery' of the second half of the sixteeuth century diff«red bat little
from that of the earlier period. There were still two kinds of hand-guns used for
military purposes ; but the smaller was now commonly called the Calivor or arqttehtue
de calibre, because the hore of the arm, hitherto under no general regnlation, but lefb
to the caprice of each captain of a band', was of a determinate size, so that the com-
mon stock of bullets might fit every piece in a regiment. . ... It would appear
from Brantome that it was the Spaniards who origpinated this great unprovement in
the hand fire-arm.
" In the Tower collection are two harquebuses of this period (about 1595), the one
a caliver, the other a musquet, which shew us exactly what these afms were. They
were procured from Pensburst Place, Kent, where they formed part of a considerable
number of similar fashion, some of which are engraved with the date, 1595. The
length of the caliver is 4 ft. 10 in., that of the musquet 5 ft. 5i in. Both are figured
in the Archseological Journal, vol. x. p. 67. Their numbers in the Tower Catalogue
are fj and -1^. The caliver appears to have had a further recommendation, that it oould
be discharged much more rapidly than the musquet. Sir Roger WiUiams, in his enco-
mium of the latter arm, does not deny the quicker fire of the former. 'The calivers
may say they will discharge two shot for one, but cannot denie that one musket shot
doth more hurt than two calivers' shot ^'
*'The figure from the Sydney roll (132) is named a ' Hargibusdre,' and he carries
the smaller harquebus, or caliver. It will be observed that, while the ' Muskater* in
the same procession wears the Collar of BandiHers, the harquebusier carries the Flask
only.
"The much-curved stock seen in our example, No. 132, appears to have been 'the
French fashion,' while the straight stock was the Spanish mode. Sir Roger WiUiams
(speaking of musquets) says : — ' For the recoyling, thers is no hurt, if they be streight
stocked, after the Spanish manner : were they stocked crooked, after the French man-
ner, to be discharged on the breast, fewe or none could abide their reooyhng ; but
being discharged from the shoulder, after the Spanish manner, there is neither danger
nor hurte.' Brantome mentions with more approval the curved stocks, and even an-
nounces himself the inventor of them. ' Davantage, sans un honneste Qentil-homme,
• " Commentaries of Sir Francis Vere, p. 174.
' " At sea, the disorder appears to have been still greater, for Sir Richard Hawkins,
in his * Voyage to the South Sea,* in 1593, writes : — * In the warres of Fraunce, in the
time of Queen Mary, and in other warres, as I have heard of many aundent captaines,
the companie had but the fourth port (of prizes), and every man bound to hring with
him tJie armes with which hee would fight* (p. 1G4, ed« 1847.)
« " Brief Discourse of War, 1590.
Ge«t. Mag. Vol. CCIX. d d 2
232 Ancient Armour and Jfeapons — Supplementary. [Sept.
que je ne nommeray point, de pear de me glorifier, qai troava la fJEi^n & ooucher contre
rcstomac, et non oontre respaule, oomme estoit la coustame alors/ &c. {Eloge de
Strozzif vol. vii. p. 429.)
"The musquet of this time is very distinctly represented in the Sydney figure.
No. 133, with its serpentine overhanging the pnming-pan, and its great trigger, to bo
pressed by the whole hand. In some instances, the barrel has a sight in the form of a
short tube. Our ' Muskater,' it will be seen, has two flasks besides his bandiliers. The
' great moskett flask' is to keep the reserve store of loading powder, the smaller one in
front is for the priming powder. Of the former, there are several in the Tower collec-
tion. The latter are very rare : there is one in the Lichfield Mnsenm. The
match-cord, in both oar prints, is carried at the girdle. Occasionally it was fastened
round the arm, as in the figure on fol. 74 of the Helvetia Descriptio (Add. MS., 18,285) ;
and it was sometimes wound round the hat."
IV. Thb Bayonet.
The pike, as we have seen, fell into disfavour in the sixteenth century,
and in the seventeenth it was entirely superseded by the bayonet : —
** Of the bayonet itself, the varieties have become very numerous, but our captains
are by no means yet agreed as to the best form to be g^ven to this instrument. Re-
cently, in the plains of Lombardy, that ancient battle-field of Europe, where every step
of the traveller is upon the grave of a soldier, a new character has been conferred on
the bayonet-fight, and warm advocates have arisen for the cut-and-thrust weapon aa
opposed to the old thrusting arm. 2iealoQs friends, however, still raise their voices in
favour of the more ancient implement ; and that this contention may long be limited
to the ' voices* and to the pens of the disputants, is the hearty prayer of the writer, as
it will be that of every reader through the whole length and breadth of Mga-KTu
England."
Cordially agreeing in this sentiment, we beg to commend Mr. Hewitt's
admirable work to the notice of all who, desiring peace, are convinced that
the best way to secure its blessings is never to be found unprepared for
war. One sword drawn keeps two in their scabbards.
Early form of the Bayonet (c. 1680).
I860.] 233
HINGESTON'S ROYAL AND HISTORICAL LETTERS*.
"Wb owe a debt of gratitude to the Master of the Rolls for the contribu-
tions which he has made, and is making, to the cause of historical litera-
ture. Each succeeding work which is issued under his auspices (and the
series now forms a goodly array of handsome octavos) is a new proof of
how deeply he has the subject at heart. Where there is so much to praise
it is irksome to blame. It is with corresponding regret, therefore, that we
find ourselves compelled to notice defects in the execution of the design ;
defects, consequently, for which the Editor alone is responsible. In the
work under consideration these defects are so numerous and so startling
that they demand a special consideration.
It will be readily conceded that such a work as that here promised by
Mr. Hingeston ought to be an important contribution to the sources of our
history, provided that the documents of which it is composed be selected
with due discrimination, printed with due accuracy, and translated (where
translations are required) with the due amount of scholarship. But we
affirm that these Letters are not judiciously selected, that they are carelessly
edited, and that in his translations of them the Editor betrays an unpar-
donable amount of ignorance.
We proceed to establish these three positions.
I. Mr. Hingeston tells us (Preface, p. xii.) that '' the present collection
will consist of all letters of general or particular interest which the Editor
has been able to discover, and which have not been already published by
Rymer, Sir Henry Ellis, or Sir Harris Nicolas." Accepting this theory, we
dispute its application. Many of the documents contained in this volume
are not letters, and do not claim to be such ; they are official writs, man-
dates, or commissions, drawn up in the usual technical form of such instru-
ments. They have nothing in common with letters, and ought never to
have been mistaken for such. Such, for example, is the appointment of
Peter de Courtenay to be governor of Calais, (p. 7,) and very many
others of the same character. They might be admitted into the dull pages
of dull Rymer ; but in such a collection as the present professes to be, they
are singularly out of place. And of the letters themselves, a large propor-
■ " Royal and Historical Letters daring the reign of Henry the Fourth, King of
England and of France, and Lord of Lreland; edited by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston,
M.A., of £xeter College, Oxford, Incumbent of Hampton Gay, and Domestic Chaplain
to Viscoantess Falmouth, Baroness Le Despencer. Pnblished by the authority of the
Lords Commissioners of H.M. Treasury, under the direction of the Master of the Rolls.
Vol. I., A.i>. 1399—1404. 8vo." (Longmans.)
Qekt. Mag. Vol. CCIX. b e
284 Singeston^s Royal and Historical Letters. [Sept#
tion establishes no new fact, and is of no " general or particular interest."
In this point, the perception of what is worthless and what is precious, Mr.
Hingeston has shewn great want of discrimination. Provided the letter
be unprinted, and fall within the chronological period which this volume
professes to illustrate, its intrinsic value appears to be of secondary con-
sideration.
Now assuming that this theory is carried out by Mr. Hingeston accord-
ing to his own interpretation of it, let us see what will be the result. The
£ditor undertakes to compile "A Collection of Boyal and Historical
Letters during the reigns of Henry IV., Henry V., and Henry VI.," a
period of sixty years. The present volume, the first of the series, includes
six years. It appears, then, that Mr. Hingeston calculates upon supplying
us with ten volumes, each of 550 or 600 pages. We tremble at the pros-
pect ; we make a rough calculation of the probable outlay ; and we invoke
the Master of the Rolls to save the public purse from such an outlay, and
historical literature from such a calamity.
II. We next enquire into the accuracy with which Mr. Hingeston has
printed the documents of which his volume is composed. In proof that he
has been careless in this respect, we cite the following instances from among
very many others that might be adduced.
At p. 21 Mr. Hingeston prints a document which, as he reads the MS.,
speaks of '' Le due Aubers de Baytme ;" and he perpetuates and magnifies
the blunder by translating it '' the Duke Albert of Bayonne." The true
reading is Bayviere, that is, Bavaria ^.
In an account of a skirmish with the French, who had landed upon the
English coast, (p. 273,) occurs this passagCi — '' Le dit Antony Johan fuist
a le prendre a lejurons de Blakepolle." Mr. Hingeston translates it, *' the
said Anthony John was at his taking before the jurors of Blackpool."
Who were these jurors ? The correct reading is doubtless la jumee, which
Cotgrave renders, '' a day of battle, or the battle itself." On the previous
pag^ mention is made of " le scof\fiture de BlackpoUe."
P. 218. In a passage mentioning the misdeeds of a certain disobedient
lord, occurs this clause, " a quoy il ne voulut oveques obeier." We should
here read otwques, an adverb of time — ' never.'
Upon the same page occurs a passage yet more extraordinary. It speaks
of certain piracies committed by the men of Harfleur, which the writer cal-
culates to have amounted to £100,000, "par dessus les rautions des mar-
chans et maroiners par eulx amesnes au dit lieu de Harfleu." This passage
is misread and mistranslated with singular perversity by Mr. Hing^eston,
** over and above the allowaneei of the merchants and mariners brought by
them to the said place Jrom Harfleur." Ordinary penetration would have
discovered that the meaning of the clause is, that the loss was calculated
^ The history of this individoal may be seen in L^Jrt d* vSrtf, let Datet, xiii« S75.
I860.] Hingenton^s Royal and Historical Letten. 236
exclusive of the ransoms of the merchants and mariners conveyed by the
men of Harfleur to Harfleur, — not from it.
P. 221. Complaint is made that the Count de St. Pol *' has caused to
give chace to, sink and upset divers vessels, and caused the crews to fly»^
The original, as given by Kr. Hingeston, has ^' et les gens fiedt voier.'*
Bead noier, ' to drown.'
Upon the same page it is said of the same individual, that " with a great
number of vessels, and force of armed men, he sails against the realm of
England :*' — '' a grant nombre de veaselx, et poair de gens d'armes ennaie
le roialme d'Engleterre." Read envaie, ' invades.'
P. 224. Certain arrangements are recommended, ** the which/' says the
writer, as interpreted by Mr. Hingeston, " I desire that they may greatly
avail to the common good of the two realms." ''Lesqueillesy^ avide que/'
&c. is the text This is a blunder : the word which is thus misread and
mistranslated is cuide — ' I believe that they will greatly avail.' The verb
cuider is a stumblingblock to Mr. Hingeston throughout the whole of his
volume. In the very last letter which he has printed (p. 447) this unlucky
verb occurs again: "Et aucuns evident et doubtent" that the Count of
Foiz would play the traitor, ^^i^u^n^, evidently; but the Editor bungles
and guesses as usual, and thus renders the clause: ''and some persons there
are who perceive and fear," &c.
III. The last charge that we have to advance against the volume is
that the translations of the French documents are carelessly executed, and
betray an amount of ignorance and inattention which is almost unpre-
cedented. Here, however, we must economize our space, as several in-
stances have already occurred. We will mention a few« giving only the
text and translation as they stand in the volume, and adding the corrected
rendering.
P. 4. **5entftf<?^Zd'Angleterre," "<?cww^a5Z^ of England." "R^dA^stevoard
of England.' The same mistake occurs at pp. 6, 8, 11, &c.
P. 19. "Comme ge vouldraie pour «»{jy," "As I could wish forgot*."
Head, ' As I could wish for myself.'
P. 59. ''lEXcombienr "andAoii;." Read, 'and althougV This mis-
translation perverts the drift of the letter; ajud the confusion is still further
increased by the division of one sentence into two at p. 60. Oombi^n is
again misunderstood at p. 72.
P. 65. " Marsdy:' " Thursday." Read Tuesday.
P. 141. " Vendresdy;' " Wednesday." Read Friday.
P. 146. ** Devant €^Q nous avoions resceux vostre lettre," *^ Since we
received your letter." Read, ' Before we received your letter.'
Instead, however, of continuing this irksome list, let us see how Mr.
Hingeston discharges his duty as an editor in other respects. He may
possibly fail in some qualifications, while possibly he may succeed in others.
Let us see how he illustrates the geography of his documents.
236 HingestorCs Royal and Historical Letters. [Sept.
At p. 326 occurs a passage in a Erench document which, according to
the translation given by the Editor, speaks of ** the marches of the country
of Artois, of Boulogne, of Toumois, and of Besors, and places included in
the same." Where is Resors ? Resors is nowhere ; it is not a proper
name, though the Editor has dignified it with a capital letter. The passage
is an easy one ; it simply means, ' the country of Artois, &c., and thejuris'
dictions and places included in the same.' Cotgrave ^ affords ample illustra-
tion ; and the term ressort is still in common use.
Again, a letter printed at p. 268 discusses arrangements for a meeting
"aulieu de Rodelinghem, empres Campaignes;" which, according to the
Editor, means " at the place of Rodelinghem, near Champagne.^ To speak
of a place called Greenwich, near Yorkshire, would be about as explanatory,
and would argue a corresponding amount of information. The locality is
Rodelinghen, near the village of Campagne, within an easy distance of
Calais, where the English ambassadors were then resident^. Everyone
but Mr. Hingeston must be aware that the nearest point of Champagne is
many a league distant.
We have no wish to press hard upon an editor, or to carp at minor
faults, where the bulk of a work is honestly and fairly executed : but we
find ourselves called upon to protest against such wholesale incapacity and
carelessness as are here exhibited. Mr. Hingeston does not profit by ex-
perience, nor is he warned by past failures. He blunders where there is no
excuse for blundering. He blunders in his readings of the text where the
MS. is plain and the context obvious. He blunders in his Latin, his French,
and his English. He blunders in his geography, his history, and his chro-
nology. He blunders where reference to a dictionary or a map would have
saved him from blundering. Several of the letters which he has printed
are valuable, but these are so overlaid with what is worthless, so misread
and mistranslated, that the whole is a disappointment to the reader, and a
discredit to the Editor.
* He explains it thus : — " The authority, prerogative, or jurisdictiou of a (sovereign)
court ; also, the extent or circuit of a country, wherein it hath jurisdiction, or whose
inhabitants may repair or appeal unto it."
<* In a corresponding passage, p. 295, we find the misreading " Eynes" for the well-
known Quynes.
I860.] 237
A VISIT TO SHEPPEY.
Thottgh Sheppey is by no means an unimportant part of the county of
Kent, and might therefore ^e fairly presumed not to be destitute of objects
of interest or unconnected with history, it has, as far as we are aware,
received but scant notice from either the mere casual visitor or the anti-
quary. This we conceive has in some measure arisen from its being, up
to the middle of this year, only approachable by water, but more from the
fact that Sheerness, the port usually arrived at, is little calculated to impress
any one in its favour. A railway has, however, at last linked the isle to
the mainland, and it will now no doubt be much more freely visited. The i
first station is at Queenborough, on the site of the celebrated castle built by
William of Wykeham, and the whole district thus opened up will be found
to sustain a comparison, both in scenery and historic associations, with
many better known regions. We visited the isle some years ago, as well
as very recently, and conceive that a brief account of what we know
respecting it will be no unsuitable pendant to '* Strolls on the Kentish
Coast," which we formerly oflfered to our readers * ; we should be glad if it
induced some of them at least to visit a district that was so much a terra
incognita to Macaulay, in the year 1849, if not later, that he actually was
ignorant of its name ^.
Sheppey lies at the junction of the Thames and the Med way ; the former
stream, there just opening into the sea, washes its northern, and the latter
bathes its western shore. On the south and east it is divided from the
mainland, by an arm of the sea, called the Swale, in which, as our earliest
fact, we may mention that Augustine baptized ten thousand converts on
Christmas-day, in the year 597, and over which a vast iron girder bridge,
supported on massive brick piers in seven fathom water, now carries the
Sittingbourne and Sheerness Railway. Maps usually exhibit two isles. Elm-
ley and Harty, as adjoining Sheppey on the south, but they are now, what-
ever they may have been formerly, peninsulas, and integral parts of the isle.
The length of the whole, from north-west to south-east (the Sheerness and
SheUness which my Lord Macaulay and those who take history from him
have confounded <^), is about ten^ miles, and the breadth, from north to
south, is about four ; the whole has an area of above 18,000 acres, and
a population exceeding 13,000. There are seven parishes, of which Min-
ster (including Sheerness and its suburbs) occupies the north-west and
central part of the isle ; Queenborough, the south-west ; Eastchurch lies
• Gbitt. Mag., July, 1856; Sept. 1866; July, 1857.
^ See his History of England, vol. ii. p. 569 (ed. 1849), where he speaks of *' Emley
ferry, near the island of Sheerness," meaning Sheppey.
<" Gent. Mao., Jan. 1859, p. 49, and Feb. 1859, p. 184.
238 A Visit to Sheppey. [Sept.
east of Minster, and Warden east of Eastchiirch, reaching in that direction
to the extremity of the isle, so that its once hold, hut crumhling cliffy
Warden Point, is often called the Land's End of Sheppey. Returning
westward, Leysdown stretches south and west, overlooking the sand-hank
called Whitstahle Flats, and ending southward in the point of Shellness,
where in 1688 the flight of James II. was aprested. Harty lies west of
Leysdown, and Elmley west of Harty, and joining Queenhorough, com-
pletes the circuit.
Ptolemy is supposed to mention Sheppey under the name of Toliapis,
(or perhaps Counos,) hut no certain traces of Boman occupation have as
yet been discovered. Early in the days of the Heptarchy the pious Queen
Sexhurga of Kent founded a minster, which is mentioned by Asser, and
which still gives name to the most important district of the isle, and accord-
ing to a doubtful tradition OAb of Mercia, returning from Rome, breathed
his last there. Next came the Norsemen, who ravaged the isle in 832,
but did not winter in it until 855, and to them are ascribed the numerous
tumuli, popularly called Cotei*ells, which form a remarkable feature in its
landscape. William I. restored the ruined Minster, and ecclesiastics began
to prosper again, so that in the time of Ekiward II. the greater part of
the island belonged to the abbey of Feversham; the Templars also had
possessions there, as the manors of Hacking, Radymersh and Ryde, which
came into the hands of the Hospitallers ; and at the great readjustment of
such property under Henry VIII. the lion's share seems to have fallen to
Sir Thomas Cheyney, who was Warden of the Cinque Ports, Governor of
Queenborough Castle, and the holder of other great offices ; from his family
many manors passed to that of Sir Michael Livesay, one of the regicides,
and on his attainder, in 1661, they fell to the Crown, which is now the
great landowner in, Sheppey.
The history of the island is almost confined to Queenborough and Sheer-
ness. The castle at the first place was built by Edward HI., repaired by
Henry IV., with whom it was sometimes a royal residence, and again by
Henry VIII. In 1650 it was condemned as useless, and pulled down, and
a few years after Charles II. began to replace it by a small work at Sheer*
ness, which being unfinished proved too weak to resist the Dutch under De
Ruyter; the disgrace thus brought on England seems more properly to
rest with the vaunted Republicans, who destroyed Wykeham's castle,
than with Charles, who laid the foundation of the present noble dockyard
and forts*.
A ridge of high land runs along the northern part of Sheppey from a little
east of Sheemess, and terminates in Warden Point, offering in several
^ For an interesting notice of Charles's visit to Sbeemess, and bis feelings on this
matter, see the Diary of General Patrick Gordon, cited in Gent. MAa., July, 1860,
p. 16.
I860.] A Visit to Skeppey. 239
places views of considerable extent and variety. Northward, a table-land
stretches to the cliffs, and is well cultivated, chiefly as market gardens ;
handsome groups of timber occur every here and there on the high ground,
and southward the land slopes rapidly into rich pastures ; these, it is true,
are below the sea level, and only saved from inundation by stout sea walls ;
but they abound with fat cattle, are dotted all over with substantial farm-
houses, and shew every here and there the remarkable mounds, called the
Coterells, which, thanks to local tradition, call to mind Hasting and the
Northmen ; a tradition highly probable, but, as far as we know, still to be
tested by opening some of them. The sea walls, which form the barriers
of the isle on three of its sides, will not be expected to present anything
remarkable, unless the visitor knows enough of the difficulty of such works
to appreciate the great expense and unceasing diligence that their preser-
vation in good order demands ; but the natural barrier, the cliffs on the
north shore, are very picturesque in their outline. Their height is not more
than from 80 to 100 feet, but being of the London clay, they crumble away
daily, and fall back every here and there in crater-like recesses, where the
dull colour of the cliff is enlivened by myriads of crystals of selenite which
sparkle in the sunshine. The falls of cliff of course encumber the beach, and
form rough mounds which on one side are washed by the sea, leaving small
space for the tourist or geological wanderer, but the inner face of these hills
is turned to account, and diligently cultivated in potato patches. It is easy
enough (indeed, sometimes almost too easy) to descend to the shore, but as
you attempt to return the soil crumbles away beneath your feet, and the
stranger can hardly comprehend how the Sheppey people manage to ascend
the cliffs with sacks of the potatoes from below. Yet they do it by
patiently zig-zag-ing up, planting the feet firmly on the clusters of coarse
herbage, which no animal ventures to touch, and often pausing to rest.
The royal dockyard of Sheerness, with its cut stone walls, and its fortifi-
cations, formidable-looking enough to the eye of the civilian, but soon to be
still farther strengthened, occupy, as we have said, the north-west point of
the isle, and a pier of the '* wearisome but needful length" of 3,000 feet,
introduces the visitor at once to the choice quarter, known as Blue Town,
one of the numerous divisions of Sheerness, others being Mile Town, which
reaches to the fortifications on the land side on the road to Minster,
and Banks* Town and Marina, which stretch along the north shore, oppo-
site the famous oyster-beds that supply the "real natives," these latter, like
Epping sausages, Durham mustard, &c., not coming, in a twentieth of
their number, from Milton, their reputed habitat. Here the houses are
good, particularly a terrace, called in remembrance of the late war, the
Crimea; hotels and public gardens are found, and the beach will bear
a comparison with that of places that have been longer established as
" health resorts." Beyond Marina the cliffs appear, and the geologist who
does not fear a somewhat rough and disagreeable walk, may ramble under
240 A Visit to Sheppey. [Sept.
them, and find more fossils in a few hours than he would care to carry
any great distance. But he must select a falling tide, for, as we have said,
the beach is a mere strip, while ascent of the cliffs is by no means an easy
task, and would certainly oblige him to cast off all impedimenta, in the
shape of his new-found treasures, and very probably his geological hammer
and chisel as well.
There is but one break in the north shore after the cliffs are reached
going eastward, and the little valley is duly guarded by a party of the
Coast Guard. Beyond Warden, the coast sinks, and has soon to be pro-
tected by sea walls, and thus it continues, fringed by sand-banks, which in
the proper season seem almost alive with . men pursuing the oyster fishery,
through, first the East and then the West Swale of the Med way, and so
round to Sheerness. In these accessible quarters Coast Guard stations are
plentiful, and the trim row-boats of the force are very familiar if not very
agreeable objects to the eye of the Sheppey man. Several creeks run far
into the interior, and in the sunshine their broad placid sheets of water
form pleasant objects in the view from the high grounds. Muswell creek
on the east, and Capel creek on the west, nearly insulate Harty ; Crog
deep does the same with Elmley, and spreads into a reservoir of consider*
able size ; and Queenborough creek gives a double portion of water frontage
to that once important, but now decayed town.
Communication with the mainland has from time immemorial been main-
tained by means of public ferries, of which there are four, — viz. from Shell-
ness to Paversham road ; from Harty to Oare ; from Elmley to Tong ; and
lastly, King's Ferry, which has just been superseded by the railway. The
others were, and are subject to tolls, but King's Ferry has, " from time
whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary," been free for
horse and man, except on Sundays, though its tolls were rather heavy for
carriages. The free ferry was managed by a corporation, and was a most
useful institution, though its arrangements until the very last day of its
existence, in April of the present year, were of rather primitive description,
and when seen for the first time by a stranger appeared remarkable enough.
On the opposite shores of the Swale stand two brick-built ferry-houses,
serving of course as public-houses also, and in the one on the Sheppey side
still resides the ancient ferry-master. Just beside each house are seen two
stumps of trees firmly rooted in the ground, and round them are still coiled
• stout cables. In the stream, opposite the railway bridge, lie the now die*
used ferry-boats ; they are of large size, open for the most part, but with
a small covered recess at one end, where two or three persons may find
shelter from the weather. Their bulk prevented the boats coming very
close to the low shore, and therefore a large aperture was cut in one side,
beside which floated a platform, which formed a sufiicient bridge for horses
and carriages to enter, but pedestrians were assisted by the ferry-men.
These tough-looking fellows were clad in Guernsey shirts and stout
2
I860.] A nsit to Sheppey. 241
trousers, and were encased up to their hips in huge sea boots. They bent
their backs, and the passengers clapping a hand on their shoulder and
seating themselves on their hip, we have seen carried, though full-grown
men, two at a time, into the boat. Women and children were carried in
the arms as tenderly as babies. When the boat was thus filled, the ferry
men hauled on the cables fixed to the opposite shore, and in about five
minutes you were on terra firma again. This ride for nothing is now a
thing of the past ; for the present you are at liberty to walk, or ride, over
the eastern half of the railway bridge without payment, but the ferry is
the property of the company, and we believe that a toll on both horse and
foot will be imposed ere long.
The general aspect of Sheppey, to our eyes at least, is a very pleasant
one. The ridge of high land, as we have remarked, commands views from
sea to sea. Its highest point is crowned by a church, the mutilated re-
mains of Sexburga's Minster, which is seen from almost every part of the
island, carrying the mind back to the times of the Heptarchy, whilst in the
low grounds may be seen the numerous smooth green elevations, the co-
terells, where probably repose many of its Northman destroyers. A double
one, of much larger size than the rest, close to the gate that divides East-
church from Harty, is a remarkable object from many points. Bright inlets
of the sea, here termed fleets, bring hoys and other small sailing vessels far
into the southern parts, and a wharf is no uncommon appendage to the farm-
yard. Well cultivated fields, with handsome timber in the hedges, forming
oflen shady lanes that would delight the painter, are the characteristic of
the north of the island. Much of the land is occupied as market gardens,
or for growing to contract valuable crops (as canary or mustard) for the
London seedsmen. Indeed, Sheppey, wherever arable land is found, is
emphatically the region of high farming, and do one but a wealthy tenant
can long hold land there. Consequently the farms are yearly getting
larger and larger, and holdings of 1,000 acres are not uncommon. As a
natural result, the hedges and water-courses are all kept in the best order,
the fields are clean, and every farm office testifies to the well-to-do condi-
tion of the agriculturist. Steam machinery appears every here and there ;
the fences and gates and vehicles are kept so freshly painted as to seem
always new, and the well-fed horses are ordinarily decorated with coloured
fringes to their harness. But better than this, the cottages of the labourers
look much more comfortable than is always the case in high-farmed dis-
tricts. Some modem ones are of brick, but the generality are of wood,
which is the common material even of substantial farm-houses. Many of
these have a foundation and a few feet of lower wall of brick, but the upper
part is of wood, often painted black on one face and white on the other.
Several of the farm-houses occupy the site and retain the name of ancient
manor-houses ; as Neats Court, near Queenborough, once a portion of the
dower lands of Henrietta Maria ; Dandeley, which belonged to the Ad*-
Q£iix. l^Q. Vol. CCIX. i f
242 A Visit to Sheppey. [Sept.
miral. Lord Thomas Seymour ; Shurland, near Eastchurch, the stronghold
of Sir Robert Shurland, warden of the Cinque Ports in the reign of
Edward I., whose remarkable tomb is at Minster ; and a fine old mansion,
also near Eastchurch, which belonged to Livesay, the regicide, who was
twice sheriff of Kent under the Commonwealth.
Farming and fishing are the chief occupations in Sheppey, but one of its
old manufactures, that of copperas, which was noticed at Queenborough
Castle by Lambarde nearly three centuries ago, is still continued, on a
limited scale. Lime-burning is pursued at Queenborough to supply the
agriculturists with the needful dressing for their heavy clay soil, and Roman
cement is manufactured extensively from the septaria, or masses of indurated
clay, that supply the well-known post-pliocene fossils of the island.
It is time to take a very brief survey of the island, parish by parish.
While the approach to Sheppey was mainly by water, Sheerness pier was
the place usually first arrived at, and the run down the Medway by steam-
boat, with Upnor Castle, not famous for beauty, on the one hand, and by-
and-by Stangate Creek, with its glaring-looking quarantine hulks, on the
other, was a pleasant one, taking one as it did among the old three-deckers
that lie in ordinary, and which are still noble objects, though this utilitainan
age has run brick chimneys up from their portholes. But the iron band of
the railway now brings you into the isle at King's Ferry, from Sittingboume^
leaving Milton, the stronghold of Hasting, and Tong Castle, the scene of
traditions of Hengist and Rowena and Vortigern, on the right ; you see
that the central part of the bridge is a drawbridge worked by huge cranks
attached to four towers of open iron- work, and soon after you come to a
halt at the Queenborough Station, a rather handsome structure of yellow
and red brick, which stands on a part of the site of the castle. The railway
proceeds, nearly parallel with the sea wall, to Sheerness, and crossing the
moat and entering one of the forts within a very few feet of a heavy gun,
you find yourself at the station, which is of the same character as that at
Queenborough, but much larger.
Of Sheerness we already have said as much as is necessary. Queen-
borough, then, consists mainly of one street, which bears painful evidence
of decay. It may, in time, be revivified by the railway, but at present, many
of the houses are empty, though there are a few new ones ; the town -hall is
shut up, and the public clock persists in indicating 8.35 at all hours of the day.
The church, which is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, has a low tower at the
west end supposed to be Norman ; its outward appearance is deplorable,
with a few miserable casement windows let into the roof, and we have never
felt tempted to apply for the keys, as we believe there is nothing to repay
the trouble of inspecting the interior. The castle, as before said, has dis-
appeared, but its moat and its well remain, the latter a truly valuable
matter, as good water is scarce in Sheppey, and is only obtained by boring
through two or three hundred feet of the stiff London clay. This want of
I860.] A r%8it to Sheppey. 243
water is the great drawback of the island, but where so many other things
have been recently improved, it is not probable that such will much longer
continue to be the case.
Minster, the next parish, which includes Sheemess, contains a church
(SS, Mary and Sexburga) that no antiquary will neglect to visit. It
is almost the sole remnant of the foundation of Sexburga, which was sub-
verted by the Northmen, restored by their descendants the JN'ormans, and
at the dissolution was granted to the potent Sir Thomas Cheyney. Here
are the beautiful Northwood brasses so well known from Messrs. Waller's
work, a remarkable effigy of a knight dug up in the churchyard in 1833,
and the tomb of Sir Robert Shurland, on which is a figure in armour, and
a horse's head projects from the wall above. The animal appears to be
swimming, the waves almost touching its nostrils, and the explanation given
is, that the figure commemorates a singular event in the career of Sir Robert.
He is said to have come to the churchyard of Minster one day, and seen a
crowd gathered around a priest beside an open grave. Inquiring the cause*
he was told that the priest refused to perform his office without payment,
on which the knight drew his sword, at one sweep took off the priest's
head, and tumbled him into the grave. Whether service was performed
over the two corpses, we are not informed, but it seems the knight retired
to his stronghold in Eastchurch, and thus kept out of harm's way for a
while until he heard that the king was sailing by the island, when he deter-
mined to venture out and solicit pardon. He mounted his favourite horse,
galloped down the clifiFs, where no one dared to follow him, and spurring
his charger into the sea, swam off to the king, who readily promised his
pardon on condition of his swimming back again. He reached the shore in
safety, and was patting his horse, when a witch approached and told him
that the animal which had that day saved his life, would yet cause his death.
The knight, as we have seen, was prompt in resolve, and to defeat the pro-
phecy he killed his horse on the spot. Some time after, he was walking
on the beach, when he kicked against what he took to be a stone, but it
was the skull of his ill-requited charger ; he had broken it by the blow, a
piece of the bone pierced his foot, and he died, only living time enough to
direct that his steed should share his monument with him. The story is
old, but it was related, a very short time ago, with every appearance oi
belief, by the person who shewed the church.
Eastchurch consists mainly of one street, at the west end of which
stands the church (All Saints), a handsome structure recently restored,
but still girt by a row of neatly- painted water-butts, as mentioned by
Hasted, to catch the precious rain water. It contains a stately tomb to the
memory of Gabriel Livesay and his wife, the parents of the regicide. It
once belonged to the abbey of Dunes, but was transferred to Boxley, as
a recompence for entertaining visitors to England of the Cistercian order.
Much of this parish is marsh land, and it contains several coterells.
244 A Visit to Sheppey. [Sept.
Warden is approached from Eastchurch by a pleasant wooded lane, at
the very end of which stands, for the present, the church, dedicated to
St. James, a small edifice, that within the last thirty years has been almost
rebuilt with stone from Old London bridge, as an inscription over the door
testifies. It stands, however, in a most dangerous position, the cliff
crumbling away rapidly, and unless some effectual measures are taken.
Warden will soon be a second Reculver. We visited it three years ago,
when there was a road, and a field with a brick house on it (which, how-
ever, had been abandoned as unsafe), between the church and the cliff. In
the spring of this year a portion of the cUff gave way,' carrying off the
field, the road, and one corner of the churchyard, including several elms.
Some of these were shattered by the fall, but others we saw quite recently
standing upright, and in full health apparently, though they had slipped at
least 100 feet from their original position. The Sheppey men, however,
have made the best of the accident, as they ordinarily do in such cases,
and good root crops are now growing on the displaced soil; the scene
altogether is a striking one.
Leysdown is almost as small a village as Warden, and has a church
(St. Clement) which is in a very poor condition, standing almost as much
exposed, but a substantial- looking parsonage-house is between it and the
verge of the cliff. The cliffs soon after disappear, and Shellness is only
a low sandy point, where James II. was seized, in sight of a lofty artificial
mound, which was doubtless meant to hold in eternal remembrance some
eminent warrior, but has failed in its purpose.
Harty has no village ; it is merely a collection of large farms, one of
which is close to the church. The church (St. Thomas) is a very poor
edifice ; it once belonged to the abbey of Feversham, and at the dissolu-
tion came into the hands of Sir Thomas Cheyney.
Elmley is the busiest-looking part of the district, of course excepting
Sheerness. It is mainly grazing land, but of late years an extensive brick
and tile factory has been established, the population is three times more
numerous than it was twenty years ago, the church has been rebuilt in
good taste, and its taper spire is a marked feature 'all along the Swale,
liather extensive plantations have also been made in the island, as has been
done in Harty, but, judging from former experiments, it is asserted that
they will not thrive ; it is certain that very few trees of any age are to be
seen in either of the islands of Harty or Elmley, though they are plentiful
enough in the north part of Sheppey.
At the time that Harris published his History of Kent (1719), ecclesias-
tical afiairs appear to have been at a very low ebb in Sheppey. He speaks
of the church of Harty having service performed in it only once a month ;
at Elmley, the church was a ruin, and there were but two houses in the
parish, "so that the patrons (All Souls', Oxford) make it a kind of sinecure,"
service being read only once by each new incumbent, on taking possession*
I860.] ArcJuBology in Algeria, 245
At Leysdown, the body of the church had fallen, " and only a shed built
up for the present celebration of the divine offices."^ Of Warden, he says, —
"What saint this poor church was dedicated to I cannot find; quisquU Jmt tile
deorum ; he seems quite to have deserted this little shrine : for in my peramhulation
hither I found the door standing open, the church all out of repair, a poor ragged
rending-desk, and hut half a pulpit." — (p. 327.)
Happily this disg^ceful state of things exists no longer, and dirine
service is performed at all customary times in every church in the island.
Now that Queenborough can be reached in a couple of hours from
London, we hope we have shewn sufficient ground to induce many to pay
Sheppey a visit. If their views are at all like our own, they will not con-
sider the time ill spent.
ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALGERIA.
AacH^OLoaiCAL discoveries continue to be made at Constantino, in Algeria.
The town architect, whilst having some plaster removed from the eastern side
of the minaret of the principal mosque, built about seven centuries back, in the
time of the Hafsifte dynasty, recently found stones containing two Latin in-
scriptions which had been built into the minaret at a height of about 50 feet.
This discovery affords a presumption that the building had been constructed at
least in part of materials coming from the ruins of the ancient momunents of
Cirta. The inscription on one of the stones is much mutilated. On the second, the
first line is wanting ; in the next line is the word Ratiomalis, supposed to be
given as the title of some high functionary of Numidia ; the same designation
has been found in another inscription, but authorities differ as to its precise
meaning. The words nvmid (ise) and mavbit (anise), and the name yettiys
FLOBENTizrvs, are legible. The stones are each 24 inches by 19.
In some excavations in the rue de la Tour at the comer of the rue Belisaire,
Constantine, there has been discovered a sphynx in white marble, sixty centi-
metres high and of equal width. Unfortunately it is not in a very good state
of preservation, the head and the end of the paws having been broken. It is
of Greek type, and of beautiful execution.
At ChercheU also, in some excavations in the midst of the remains of some
large temple, or palace, of marble, (of Juba, himself, perhaps,) four heads of
very good style have been dug up, which would seem from their size to have
originally occupied a lofty position, as crowning the fii9ade of some gigantic
edifice. — Jkhbar o/ Algiers,
246 [Sept.
ROKiN INSCRIBED AND SCULPTURED STONES*.
In the July number of this Magazine reference was made to the Cata-
loo^ue of the Inscribed and Sculptured Stones of the Roman Period in the
possession of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Notices
of some of these monuments have, from time to time, appeared in our former
volumes; but the entire collection is so important and so inadequately
known, that it becomes a duty in a periodical which aims at recording the
state and progress of our national archaeology to draw closer attention to it.
The study of general primeval antiquities must necessarily be often more or
less speculative ; but when the mind of civilised man expresses its thoughts
and sentiments in a written language, we leave the perplexing maze of con-
jecture, tread with confidence the firm paths of history, and enter upon
beaten roads with guideposts and milestones which encourage our foot-
steps and cheer our labours. The stone was lettered for the express pur-
pose of conveying information ; and every writer of the words to be incised
is, to a certain extent, an historian, compelled by the scanty and stubborn
depository of his thoughts to be brief and energetic, and often to compress
words of several syllables into one, to ligature letters, invent monograms
and characters, and make single letters represent words. Like coins, in-
scriptions come down to us fresh from the hands of the makers ; and
although not individually so numerous as to admit of abraded words being
read by means of better preserved examples, yet their interpretation is
often assisted by known formulae and by comparison.
The value of these monuments to the historian cannot be estimated too
highly. They often correct or explain, and verify the statements of ancient
writers. Where written history is silent they frequently contribute informa-
tion obtainable from no other source ; and when they cease, and the light
they shed upon the obscurity of the past is withdrawn, the historian is again
surrounded with the darkness of primeval antiquity. Camden, Horsley,
Hodgson, and a few others, including the author of ** The Roman "Wall,"
(the compiler of the Catalogue under notice,) have rendered justice to these
memorials ; but most of the writers on the early histoiy of this country
prove they either have been ignorant of their existence, or have under-
valued them as historical materials, the former of the two suppositions
being by far the more likely to be correct. The material remains of
the Romans which are yet extant in England and Scotland form a mass
of facts capable of being moulded into matter for an unwritten chapter in
•
• " An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of the Inscribed and Sculptured Stones
of the Roman Period belonging to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.'*
8vo., 1857.
I860.] Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones. 247
the history of our native land ; and to the Society of Antiquaries of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, and to Dr. Bruce, great credit is due for gathering to-
gether and publishing in so useful a form this valuable class of the monu-
ments of their district.
The sculptures and inscriptions to which their Catalogue is a guide have
been brought to light at various times along the line of the great Roman
Wall which extended from Wallsend on the Tyne, to Bowness on the
Solway, a distance estimated at about sixty-eight miles. They have been
procured chiefly from the great stations {castra) which flanked it on the
southern side, and from the smaller intervening posts, the castella and
watch-towers. Some have come from the few stations on the northern side
of the Wall. Almost in every instance the exact spots on which they were
found are recorded. On this veiification of their respective discoveries and
of the circumstances under which they were found depends much, if not all,
of their interest ; and in this respect the collection contrasts most favour-
ably with those assemblages of similar monuments the modern parentage of
which is unknown. If, for example, the stones with dedications to Hadrian
had been transported to the south of England, across the Channel, or
indeed to any place of custody, and separated from their credentials, their
evidence for historical purposes would be worthless. But in the Newcastle
museum, with authentic vouchers for their having been taken from the
walled stations or forts annexed to the Wall, they become of the highest im-
portance in the discussion of the question ** who built the Wall," an inquiry
not a little perplexing from the conflicting accounts which ancient historians
have given. Their statements are so much at variance one with the other,
that they are only to be reconciled or explained by these lapidary docu-
ments, which speak a language intelligible to all, and come into court as
witnesses free from suspicion, and whose evidence is decisive. These stones,
being dedications to Hadrian, had been inserted into the masonry of the
castella, and they thus prove that Hadrian built them ; and being joined to
and engrafted into the great Wall itself, these castella also seem to shew
that to Hadrian must be assigned the honour of the construction of the
entire fortification. In the upper barrier, called the Antonine Wall, which
it is certain was thrown up by Antoninus Pius, similar inscriptions abound
referring to this emperor, and not to Hadrian. If Severus, as has been
usually considered, built the great stone wall of the lower barrier, we
should not have found dedications to Hadrian in the castella, which it is
evident were contemporaneous with the Wall, and which could not have
stood without it.
For the further consideration of this interesting question the numerous
inscriptions. of the time of Severus and Caracalla must be examined. They
extend over the entire chain of the Wall and its outworks. But while those
of Hadrian mention no re-edifications, the memorials of the later emperors
constantly refer to reparations and reconstructions, such as — **The first
248 Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones. [Sept.
cohort of the Yangiones restored, from the ground, this gate with the walls,
dilapidated through age ;*' " The second cohort of the Astures restored,
from the ground, the granary (of the station -ZEsica), which, owing to age,
had fallen down." There are many others, of a very different kind, both of
the time of Hadrian and of that of Severus, which are also of consequence
to the settlement of this disputed point ; but their testimony would have
been invalidated or weakened had not the particulars of their discovery
been detailed and authenticated.
By the same careful localisation of the inscriptions we are enabled to
identify the names of the stations with those assigned them in the Notitia ;
and know at certain periods the names of the troops by which they were
garrisoned, and some of the public works they constructed : their arsenals,
storehouses, baths, and temples are revealed to us, the remains of many of
which may yet be traced by those who have had opportunity and taste to
study these attractive monuments where alone they can be properly studied,
in their own wild and romantic birthplace and home. At Segedunum, now
Wallsend, we meet with a cohort of the Lingones, a people of Gaul men-
tioned by Caesar, Tacitus, and other ancient writers. Other cohorts were
distributed in stations on the north and south of the Wall. In one instance
they are associated with LoUius Urbicus, the legate of Antoninus Pius,
under whose superintendence, we learn from Capitolinus, the upper barrier,
or wall of Antonine, was constructed. At Benwell and at Great Chesters
(Condercum and -^sica) we find the Astures, from Spain, precisely as they
are located in the Notitia, A little further on, at Cilurnum, (Chesters,)
an ala of the same foreigners leaves a memorial of its having restored a
temple in the reign of Elagabalus. As it expressly states the building had
become dilapidated through age, it must have been built long anterior to
the reign of Severus. Here also a tribune of the first cohort of the Van-
giones, from Belgic Gaul, together with his wife, erected a sepulchral stone
to their daughter ; and here, for the first time, a record of the Aquitani
has lately been discovered. We may here step aside and refer to one of
the very many inscriptions alluded to by Dr. Bruce not in the possession of
the antiquaries of Newcastle, but in safe custody, close at hand, and acces-
sible. It affords a striking illustration of their historical value, of the im-
portance of preserving those discovered, and of the prospect of increasing
the collection by well-directed researches ; while at the same time it proves
that the archaeologist should not restrict himself to the narrow home-field
of exploration, but should seek for and welcome information wherever it
may present itself.
Some years since a long and interesting inscription was found at Vieux
in Normandy, once the capital of the Viducasses. It includes a copy of
a letter from Claudius Paulinus, imperial legate and propraetor of Britain.
Now, until lately, no record had been found in England of any propraetor
of this name. But the excavations made at High Rochester, on the site of
3
I860.] Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones. 249
the station Bremenium, disclosed among others an inscription record*
ing the dedication to Elagabalus of a hallistariumy by a cohort of the
Varduli, during the proprsetorship of Tiberius Claudius Paulinus, unques-
tionably the same person who is mentioned so conspicuously in the Yieux
monument *.
At Procolitia the Batavi who acted so important a part in Britain under
Agricola have lefl their name, in the reign of Maximinus ; and there we find
them when the Notitia was compiled, tUtra Arcadii Honoriique tempora.
More numerous are the inscriptions relating to their colleagues the Tungri,
at Housesteads, which Dr. Stukely called " the Tadmor of Britain." At
the next station. Little Chesters, a close correspondence continues between
the garrisons mentioned in inscriptions and their names as placed in the
Notitia. But further on, at Caervoran, (Magna,) we observe the Hamii,
archers, who are not mentioned, or at least not so designated, by ancient
writers. They set up an altar to Fortune for the health of Lucius iElius,
the adopted son of Hadrian. Hodgson very rationally considered they
were from Apameia, in Syria. This city in the middle ages was called
Fdmieh, which is an approach to what we may well believe the popular
pronunciation of the word by the Roman auxiliaries. Hodgson's conjecture
is further supported by the mention in the Notitia of the first cohort of the
Apameni, which was quartered in Egypt. The next great station, Am-
boglanna, has furnished no less than between thirty and forty inscriptions
commemorative of the Dacians sumamed iEIian from Hadrian ; and Tetri-
cian from Tetricus, who was invested with the imperial attributes and
power by the army in Gaul and Britain. In the stations further to the
west are found Yarduli, Nervii, Gauls, Spaniards, and other auxiliaries to
the regular British legions, shewing a vast numerical strength maintained
in full force over the entire period of the Roman domination in Britain to
protect the province against the barbarians of the North. The expence of
this permanent military occupation must have been enormous ; and from it
we can form an estimate of the value of the yearly exports to Rome which
compensated the imperial government for such gigantic exertions and sacri-
fices. The native British states to the south of the Wall, it must be under-
stood, were, however, in a state of voluntary subjection or alliance ; and we
find some of them, on the authority of the same lapidary evidence, con-
tributing their share in the labour of building the great mural barrier.
The religious feelings of a population composed of elements so widely
different, but amalgamated and kept in harmony by Roman discipline,
may naturally be expected to take a motley hue; and as the Roman
governors tolerated all forms of worship, we find the widest latitude pre-
vailed. Every nation or people worshipped its favourable deity; every
^ Collectanea Antiqaa, vol. iL p. 92 ; and Archseologia ^liana, new series, vol. i.
p. 78.
Gbnt. Mao. Vol. CCIX. g g
250 Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones. [Sept.
individual was free to make his own selection ; and, accordingly, every-
where the inscriptions reflect a luxuriant development of religious senti-
ment in the most capricious and diversified forms. A military tribune ex-
presses his creed in iambics which are rendered as follows : —
" The Virgin in her celestial seat overhangs the Lion,
Producer of com, Inventress of night. Foundress of cities;
By which functions it has been our good fortune to know the deities.
Therefore the same Virgin is the mother of the gods, is Peace, is Virtue, is Ceres.
Is the Syrian goddess, poising life and laws in a balance.
The constellation beheld in the sky hath Syria sent forth
To Lybia to be worshipped ; thenoe have all of us learnt it:
Thus hath understood, overspread by thy protecting influence,
Marcus Cs^cilius Donatinus, a war-faring
Tribune in the office q/" prefect, by the bounty of the emperor."
This was discovered at the station where the Hamii from Syria were
quartered, and where an inscription to the goddess Hamia was found, which
was communicated to our Magazine above a century ago°. If we admit that
the Hamii were from Apameia, it is easy to understand the name of this
Syrian divinity, and why her altar was set up at Magna. The worship of
another Eastern deity, Mithras, had also become popular in the north of
Britain, as numerous inscriptions testify, as well as the remains of temples
and sculptured representations of the symbols and personifications under
which the mysteries of the deity were placed before the eye of the multi-
tude. Still more popular was the worship of the mother goddesses {JDece
matrea) under a variety of forms, sometimes sumamed from places and
countries, and not unfrequently addressed as the Domestic Mothers ; nor
must we lose sight of the remarkable altar (in the cellar of the Society of
Antiquaries) inscribed lamiis tribvs, ** to the three Lamiae," found at
Benwell. It is curious, also, to see that while the higher divinities are
recognised, they are associated with a host of subordinate gods and god-
desses named obviously from localities, but some of which it is dificult to
identify or appropriate.
No traveller who journeys to Italy through France, and in his road
examines the monuments of antiquity, can fail to observe the gradual
increase of inscriptions and sculptures shewing the progressive spread of
Christianity towards the north of Europe. But he will only detect these
peculiar evidences after he has crossed the Channel. Dr. Bruce remarks
that '' we are surprised to find no trace of Christianity in the lapidarian
treasure-house of the castle of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Many of the altars,
judging from the rudeness of their style and the character of their lettering,
belong to the latest period of Roman occupation. Judging from the evi-
dence before us, it would appear that, although Christianity may have been
introduced into this island in the apostolic age, or very soon after, it was
long before the whole mass of the people, at least in these Northern parts,
< See Gsirx. Mag., March, 1752, p. 108.
I860.] Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones. 251
were leavened with the vitalizing principles of the Gospel. The struggle
between light and darkness prevailed long before it was fully day."
The inscribed and sculptured Homan stones already collected in the
museum of Newcastle-upon-Tyne amount to 162. But it must not be
supposed that they comprise all which are yet extant from the line of the
great Wall. Very many more are preserved in private custody in North-
umberland and in the adjoining counties, while some have been transported
to distant places ; and not a few, it is feared, in times past have been dis-
sociated from the locality and from all record of their discovery. Although
those in existence and accessible with some little trouble must amount to
some hundreds, they can be but a small portion of the original number.
The work of their destruction began at an early period, and for many
centuries they shared the fate of the Wall itself, and were broken up to
help build churches and houses, and to serve the various purposes for
which hewn stone is useful. Even almost down to the present day these
last strongholds of Roman power in Britain were resorted to as convenient
quarries by the village mason, and by farmers for draining and walling.
We read of inscribed mile-stones cut in two to form gate-posts, of altars
cut in halves to form stepping-stones^ of dedications degraded to the ser-
vice of the farm-house, and imperial memorials doing a debased duty in
pig-styes. The wonder is, indeed, that so many have survived through so
many centuries, so many sources of mutilation and destruction. Something
is due to the material itself, which was selected with judgment and a per-
fect knowledge of its capacity for duration ; not indiscriminately, as in
after ages.
But the historical student, and all those who can properly estimate the
extrinsic value of these stones, have yet much to hope for. They may be
assured that others, and many others, remain yet entombed in and
around the stations which have remained desolate, and the ruins of which
have been concealed by the accumulated earth of ages from the eye and
hand of man. The excavations made at High Bochester by the Duke of
Northumberland, at Chesters and at Housesteads by Mr. John Clayton,
and at Birdoswald by Mr. Potter, have led to the discovery of some of the
most perfect and most valuable inscriptions and sculptures, and justify the
conviction that in many of the unexplored stations similar remains lie
buried to reward (may it be at no distant day) the patriotic exertions of
some zealous and intelligent investigator. The entire district of the Wall,
from sea to sea, is fertile in subterranean antiquities. It is the very ground
upon which the Duke of Northumberland, with the best of feeling, invited
the Society of Antiquaries to place itself at the head of researches the ex-
pense of which was to be defrayed by his Grace. This munificent offer
never even reached the body of the Society ; it expired abortive in the
Council-room. But far better, in such cases, is individual action, when
directed by intelligence as well as by perseverance and enthusiasm : in the
253 Heraldry founded on Facts. [Sept.
many, too, are conflicting interests, opposing opinions, and the deadweight
of apathy dragging upon the quick spirit of action which prompts the
unshackled mind and keeps it steadily to its purpose.
We cannot take leave of this unpretending Catalogue of fifty pages
without commending the pains hestowed upon it hy its learned editor, who
has so well qualified himself for the task. It is with mubh pleasure we
are given to understand that a more extensive list is heing compiled by
him, including the whole of the inscriptions discovered in the Wall district,
some of which have never yet been pubHshed.
HERALDRY FOUiraED ON FACTS ».
Some nine years ago Mr. Planch^, then a Pursuivant of Arms of his
own creation, as he frankly owned, published an amusing if not useful
book, in which he endeavoured to establish as facts, (1.) " that Heraldry
appears as a science at the commencement of the thirteenth century, and
that though armorial bearings had been in existence undoubtedly for some
time previous, no precise date has yet been discovered for their first as-
sumption ;" (2.) *' that in their assumption the object of the assumers was,
not, as it has been so generally asserted and believed, to record any
achievement or to symbolize any virtue or qualification, but simply to dis-
tinguish their persons and properties ; to display their pretensions to certain
honours or estates; attest their aUiances or acknowledge their feudal
tenures ;" (3) that legends giving the origin of certain coats of arms are
inventions of a late period ; and (4) that the real value of heraldry is
confined to its use as a help to genealogical investigations. He has
since become a member of Heralds' College, and though his theory has
not the sanction of the head of the Corporation, nor much acceptance
elsewhere, he adheres to it, in all its branches. He has lately issued a
new edition of his work, in which he has availed himself of the hints of a
** courteous critic" in the " Journal of the Archseological Institute" for
March, 1852, to supply some deficiencies, as well as to add such informa-
tion as his own inquiries have since supplied him with. The work, too,
has a showy coloured frontispiece representing the Garter plate of John,
duke of Somerset, from St. George's, Windsor, which strikes us as more
trim and shapely than the original, but we speak under coirection, from
memory only.
Among the additions, we notice remarks on Tinctures, exculpating Tenni
from the charge of being a mark of shame ; a dissertation on Marks of
Cadency; an expression of opinion on the origin of Quartering; and a
defence of his heresy, as we conceive, regarding Richard, earl of Cornwall
and Poitou. We have described the arms of this prince as consisting
of the bezants of Cornwall borne as a border to Poitou ^, in accordance
with the view of Sandford, and we are not shaken in our faith by being
again told that the " bezants'* were not bezants at all, but peas, (poix,) the
arms of PoictoM.
• "The Pursuivant of Arms; or Heraldry founded on Facts. By J. R. Planch #,
Roui^e Croix. New edition, with Additions and Corrections." (London : Hardwick.)
^ GsKT. AUG., Jan. 1860, p. 12.
I860.] 253
^nttquartan anti Hiteratj) J^ntelltjacnrer*
[^OorretpondeiUs ctre requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, hut in order that a copy of the Qentlbman's Magazikb containing
their Communications mag beforuxirded to them.^
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
June 21. Eabl Stanhope, President, in the chair.
Through the courtesy, on the one hand, of the various city companies
and aldermen hereafter enumerated, and through the exertions on the
other hand of the Director, and of Octavius Morgan, Esq. M.P., W. S.
Walford, Esq. and J. J. Howard, Esq. Fellows of the Society, the
apartments of the Society presented this evening a spectacle of unusual
brilliancy, and an assemblage of unusual magnitude. According to notice
previously given, the exhibition made this evening was to consist of ** Plate,
and other objects of interest*' belonging to various city companies, and to
the wards of the city of London. The companies which responded to the
appeal made to them on behalf of the Society were the Worshipful Com-
panics of Armourers and Braziers, of Carpenters, of Plasterers, and of Wax-
chandlers. The exhibition made by each and all of these companies would
have been of little interest, and of less use, if it had not been illustrated by
the very valuable remarks of Mr. Octavius Morgan, M.P., F.S.A., which
gave as complete a running commentary on the objects exhibited as was
compatible with the narrow limits of time and the wide range of subjects
at Mr. Morgan's disposal. The Worshipful Company of Armourers would
seem, as Mr. Morgan remarked, to have buckled on their armour to some
purpose, possessing as they do an unusually large quantity of plate anterior
to the Restoration, a fact of rare occurrence. Among the more interesting
articles sent by them to Somerset House may be mentioned a mazer-bowl
given to the Company between the years 1460 and 1483 by Evererd Frere.
The bowl bore inscriptions round the edge, the foot, the four lateral bands,
and in the interior.
In the course of some remarks on the use of wooden bowls generally,
Mr. MoBGAN stated that the word mazer meant ** speckled," (from the fact
of such bowls being generally made of the speckled knots of maple-wood,)
and was etymologically the same word as " measles/' so-called from the
254 Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer. [Sept.
at)pearance presented by the skin. Another curious cup and cover, given
by John Richmond about 1560, bore the following inscription : —
i|i pra for John Richmond Jentylman Cetisn and
Armerar of London and Erne and Jesabel hb wyves.
Other cups bore the dates of "before 1560," 1574, "before 1581,"
1581, 1598, "before 1598," 1604, 1608, 1621, 1622, 1626, 1631, 1633,
1648, 1665, 1673, 1698. They were composed of a mazer-bowl (as
named above), three tankards, eleven cups and covers, seventeen miscel-
laneous cups, one nut, one owl-pot, and one pot parcel-gilt. Along with
these the Worshipful Company of Armourers exhibited one salt and cover of
extreme beauty, twenty-five ancient spoons, one head of beadle's staff, the
forbidden gauntlet (temp. Henry VIIL), a grant of arms and nine ancient
deeds, of which four dated from Edward III., one from Richard II., one
from Henry V., two from Edward IV., and one from Henry YII.
The Worshipful Company of Carpenters exhibited four beautiful silver-gilt
cups and covers given to that Company by sundry masters and wardens in
the years 1611, 1612, and 1628. Some amusement was excited by the
exhibition of a posset-cup belonging to the same Company, the purposes
for which such a cup could have been intended not being readily apparent.
From the same quarter came four of the caps technically called *' garlands,"
which were worn by the masters and wardens, and which bore the date of
1561. A grant of arms by William Hawkeslowe Clarencieux, dated Nov*
24, 6 Edw. IV. ; a court book, commencing in the year 1533 ; a head of
beadle's staff, dated 1725, and an ancient oak carving, with date 1579 and
the name and device of Thomas Harper, Master in that year, completed
the list of objects exhibited by the Worshipful Company of Carpenters*
The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers contributed, as their share of
the exhibition, a pair of reversed hour-glass salt-cellars of the early part
of the sixteenth century; a silver-gilt tankard; a loving cup, bearing the
arms of Lane ; a flat saucer-shaped mazer-bowl, with a silver-gilt rim
bearing an inscription in honour of the Blessed Virgin ; a cocoa-nut cup
fitted as a hanap; the state-pall, or herse-cloth of the company; the
master's garland, with the arms and crest of the company beautifully
enamelled ; and a collection of old deeds, among which was a charter from
Edward IV. Along with these objects of older date was exhibited a work
of by no means inferior interest, — to wit, the first and third volumes of the
manuscript of the History of the Company, by John Nicholl, Esq., F.S.A.
It is of this MS. that the published volume is an epitome ; the latter, how-
ever, gives but a very feeble idea of the extraordinary industry and taste
which its author has displayed.
The Worshipful Company of Plasterers submitted for exhibition a silver
cup with two handles, the Company's arms embossed thereon ; another
silver cup, the gift of the lute Alderman Kelly ; a silver pint mug ; a small
silver bowl; a silver bell dated 1647; two ancient dessert spoons; the
I860.] Society of Antiquaries. 255
arms of the Company in silver, surmounted by the Holy Virgin and Child ;
and a grant of arms, dated 1546.
The Worshipful Company of Waxchandlers exhibited a charter dated
1483, 1st Richard III. ; a grant of arms dated February, 1484; another
grant of arms dated 1536; a silver spoon dated 1653; and a grace-cup
and cover presented to the Company in 1683.
Numerous as are the objects which have been named above, they do not
complete the list of treasures displayed this evening at the Society's apart-
ments. With one or two exceptions all the aldermen of the twenty-six
wards of the city of London favoured the Society with the loan of the
maces belonging to their respective wards. It was probably the first time
these maces had found themselves lying together on the same table, and
for aught we know it may be the last. Nor was this all : with a courtesy
which every Fellow of the Society could not fail to appreciate, the Lord
Mayor kindly allowed the corporation mace — a very giant among pigmies
— to be exhibited along with the mace belonging to his own individual
ward. The mayoralty mace, of the time of George XL, now about 120
years old, received special commendation : Mr. Morgan referred to it as
perhaps the finest example of the kind either in ancient or modern plate
existing at the present day. The Carpenters' mace he also noticed as a
fine work of art. Several of the City Ward maces he stated were the work
of Paul Lemere, a celebrated goldsmith. The most ancient in fashion were
those with a simple coronal without a raised crown at the top, but this is
not an infallible test, as at the Restoration, when the arched crown was
first used, several of the old City maces received that addition. The
Aldersgate mace was singular in its construction, as it unscrewed, and
formed a loving cup on festive occasions. We should not omit stating
that the wards of Aldersgate and of Bassishaw exhibited each of them
a cup of exquisite beauty.
We regret that we are unable to give more than this hasty enumeration.
Mr. Morgan's remarks, having been delivered on the spur of the moment,
needed the pen of a short-hand writer for their preservation. We can but
say they were well worth preserving. It only remains to add that special
thanks were returned by the Society for the kind courtesy with which
these Companies and Aldermen of the city of London had responded to the
appeal* The session could not have closed under more brilliant auspices.
256
[Sept.
CONGRESS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
AT GLOUCESTER.
July 11 to 24.
The Annual Meeting of the Institute was held this year at Gloucester,
under the presidency of Lord Talbot db Malahide. The patrons were
the Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestersliire (Earl Ducie) and the Lord Bishop
of Gloucester and Bristol. The Rev. C. Y. Crawley acted as Secretary to
the Local Committee, of which the Mayor of Gloucester was Chairman.
A temporary Museum was formed in the College School, under the care
of Mr. A. W. Franks, and gave much satisfaction to all visitors.
On the walls of the chapter-house of the cathedral up\^ards "of 100
ruhhings of monumental hrasses, illustrative of the changes of costume*
&c., of the middle ages, were exhibited by the Rev. H. Haines. One side
of the room was devoted to examples from Gloucestershire.
The attendance on the Congress was good, particularly of archaeologists
from somewhat distant quarters, but it comprised hardly so many of the
local clergy and gentry as had been expected.
Tuesday t July 17. OpEwnro Meeting.
The President took the chair at the
Com Exchange, where the Institute was
cordially welcomed by the Mayor and
Corporation, the Lord Bishop, and the
High Sheriff; Captain Guise, the Presi-
dent of the Cotteswold Naturalists* Field
Club, invited them to join the body over
which he presided in an excursion to
Chepstow and its vicinity, and Mr. Gam-
bier Parry requested them to meet hig
guest the Bishop at Highnam Court.
The noble Chairman, after acknowledg-
ing the congratulations which had been
given, said it was clear if persons wished
to have any but a superficial knowledge
of our history and the manners of the
past, they must to some degpree be archo)-
ologists. Old coins bad often afforded
most important evidence, and subjects of
chronology and history had often been
verified by tbeir means, though at one
time it was the fashion to ridicule them
and treat them with contempt. The
High Sheriff and other gentlemen had
referred to the richness of this county
and city in objects of archaoologicul in-
4
terest ; and it required only a inperficial
knowledge of local antiquities to be aware
that no county possessed more interesting
remains, whether of the Roman oceapa-
tion or of the works of our medisBval
ancestors. The county of Gloucester was
also connected with many most interest-
ing families in our feudal records; and he
hoped some interesting papers would be
read illustrating the domestic manners of
those times. Reference bad been made to
the restorations going on at the cathe-
dral ; and the labours of the arcbsologist
were no doubt of the greatest possible
value in guiding the hand of the artist in
restoring those parts of an ancient build-
ing which time or neglect had brought to
ruin, and he trusted this assistance would
be given to the fullest extent in carrying
out the restorations. From what be had
seen they appeared to have been done
most judiciously. There was the greatest
necessity for care in what were called re-
storations, many of which he feared were
done so recklessly as to destroy all evi-
dence of ancient art, and to mingle the
modem with the ancient in such a man-
ner, that the building became little more
I860.]
Archaeological Ittttitute, Qloucesteri
257
than a modem one. He trusted, how-
ever, a better spirit was now come over
ns. He next referred to the project which
it was said the chapter of Worcester en-
tertained of removing the Ouesten Hall,
one of the most venerable buildings at-
tached to the cathedral of that city, which
he denonnoed, and expressed a hope that
the hand of the vandal would be stayed.
Mr. Freeman then made some remarks
on the architectural antiquities of Glouces-
ter and Qloucestershire, preparatory to an
examination of the smaller buildings of
the city. The county, he said, speaking
more particularly of the parts south of
Qloucester, as best known to himself, is
remarkable for the great variety to be
found in its buildings. There is not, as
in some districts, any one prevalent style,
but there is abundance of gfood work of
all dates. The excursions of the Institute
would doubtless give the members an op-
portunity of seeing some of the most re-
markable examples, such as the Anglo-
Saxon Church at Deerhurst, unique as a
dated and, he believed, undisputed exam-
ple of the reign of Edward the Confessor,
the small Norman conventual Church of
Leonard Stanley, the beautiful series of
Early English capitals at Berkeley and
Slymbridge, and the Decorated work in
the castle at Beverston. The Transitional
and Early English work in this county is
often of a peculiar character common to
Gloucestershire with the neighbouring dis-
tricts of Somersetshire and South Wales.
This can nowhere be better studied than
at Slymbridge, a visit to which place might
almost serve as a substitute for a visit to
Llandaff. Decorated work is common, and
is often of a rich sort adorned with ball-
flower, as in the south aisle of Gloucester
Cathedral. In the southern part of the
county the Perpendicular often approaches
to the character of the variety usual in
Somersetshire, but it seldom fully equfds
the best examples in that county. In the
dty of Gloucester the Perpendicular is of
another kind and is very inferior. The
speaker then went on to his more imme-
diate subject, the smaller ecclesiastical
remains in the city.
Gekt. Mao. Yok. CCIX.
The city of Gloucester was rich in mo-'
nastic establishments. Besides the great
mitred abbey of St. Peter, which would
be folly explained by Professor Willis,
there was the Priory of St. Oswald, of
which he believed no traces remained, in
the city, and the Priory of Llanthony in
its immediate neighbourhood. The pro-
gramme which had been put forth spoke
of the " picturesque ruins" of Llanthony
Priory. In this he could not hdp think-
ing there was some little confusion be*
tween the Gloucester Llanthony and the
original Llanthony in Monmouthstlure. Of
the latter indeed most truly " picturesque
ruins" remain, but, placed as they are in a
deep gorg^ of the Black Mountain, they
hardly come within the scope of a Glouces-
ter meeting, though they ought to fbrm
a prindpal object in one held at Aberga*
venny or Hereford. But at the Glouces-
ter Llanthony there was really nothing
amotmting to "picturesque ruins;" all
traces of the church and the other prindpal
buildings had vanished; there were merely
a fragment of a gateway and the ruins of
an ancient bam, well worthy of study by
any who are particularly interested in
bams, but to which he should not propose
to lead the whole of the company. The
history of Llanthony is very singular.
The original house in the Marches of
Wales was founded in 1108 ; but the
brethren disliked their solitary and deso-
late position, exposed to the inroads of the
wild Welshmen, and in 1136 the Glouces-
ter Llanthony was founded, to which the
original house in Monmouthshire became
subordinate, and was at last altogether
united to it in the reign of Edward IV. •
Of the existing minor remains at Glou-
cester by fkr the most important are the
portions still remaining of the monasteries
of the Grey and Black Friars. The churches
of the mendicant orders form a class by
themselves, widely differing both from
paroclual churches and fVom those of the
elder monasteries. These orders arose in
the thirteenth century, and were perhaps
the most important instance of that power
of ** rejuvenescence," as it has been oalledf
* See ArehtBoloffia Cktmbrenns, 1855, p. 108.
Hh
258
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
in the monastic system, which, whenever
existing orders were becoming rich, idle,
and useless, was sore to produce new ones,
in the fervour of youth, to do the work
which they were beginning to neglect.
Such a movement produced the Cister-
cians in the twelfth century, the Jesuits
in the sixteenth, and the Franciscans and
Dominicans in the thirteenth. They pro-
fessed, and in their first stage they prac-
tised, a far more rigid and mortified life
than the elder monks, including entire
abnegation of all property for the corpora-
tion as well as for the individual, and
especial devotion to the duty of preaching.
Their houses and churches, as might be
expected, difibr widely in their architec-
tural character from those of the elder
orders. The arrangement of the monastic
buildings is different, and the churches
follow a totally different type. The sub-
ject is a very curious one, which Mr.
Freeman sud he had never seen treated
elsewhere, but to which he had given a
good deal of attention for several years.
He had seen several instances both in
England and Aquitaine, but the great
country for Friars' churches was Ireland,
where a very large number remain, as
also a very large number of snuUl monas-
tic churches of other orders to contrast
with them. With a very little attention,
Mr. Freeman said, the observer might
learn to say, " This church is Benedictine
or Cistercian," and "that is Franciscan
or Dominican ;*' and he hoped that, with
farther study, he might learn to do, what
as yet he could not do, distinguish a Bene-
dictine church from a Cistercian and a
Franciscan from a Dominican. As yet, he
must take the elder and younger orders
respectively as two wholes. The churches
of the elder orders, he continued, though
differing infinitely in date, size, and rich-
ness, have still much in common among
themselves. To go no further, the vast
m^ority of them, great and small, are,
in England and Ireland at least, cross
churches with central towers. There is at
least thus much of resemblance between
the mitred abbey of Qloucester and its
humble dependency at Leonard Stanley.
When of any size, they coomionly have
regular aisles and clerestory in the nave,
and, in bxuldings admitting it, a trifo-
rium; they have also commonly regu-
lar aisles, sometimes a collection of
chapels, about the choir. A certain
character of dignity and massiveness
commonly pervades the whole building.
The Friars' churches are something very
different. They are often large and hand-
some, but in g^und-plan and charac-
ter they are utterly unlike those of the
elder houses. The church is long and
narrow; the regular cross form does not
occur; the desecrated church called St.
Andrew's Hall, at Norwich, was the only
example Mr. Freeman had yet seen with
regular aisles and clerestory to the nave,
and a triforium he had never seen at alL
But a single aisle or a single transept is
very common, and sometimes the single
transept is very large, especially in a Friary
at Kilkenny, where the south transept,
now used as a Roman Catholic church, is
much larger than the nave. The choir
seems to be always without aisles ; in Ire-
land, as far as Mr. Freeman knew, it was
always, and in England commonly, flat-
ended, but the ruined one at Winchelsea
has an apse. The original churches of the
thirteenth century were without towers,
and had long unbroken ranges of lancets
along both nave and choir. In the four-
teenth and fifteenth centuries tall, narrow,
slender towers were very commonly in-
serted between the nave and the choir,
and new churches were built after the
same type, as at Kilconnel, co. Galway. In
England the tower sometimes had a hex-
agonal top, as the one now standing soli-
tary at King's Lynn. At Norwich the ^
tower has fallen down, but by putting
together the choir and nave at Norwich
and the tower at Lynn, the whole building
may be recovered. There are other good
EngUsh examples in a desecrated choir at
Chichester, and the present church of
Christ's College, Brecon, but in Ireland
they are thick upon the g^round. Those
which Mr. Freeman had seen in the soath
of France resembled the English and Irish
examples in their unbroken length and the
absence of reg^ular aisles and transepts, but
in that country those characteristioi were
I860.]
Arclueological Inttituie, Gloucester.
259
not distinctive of Friars' churches, being
found also in many cathedral, parochial,
and elder monastic boildings. The Aqni-
tauian examples also had, like the other
French chorches, apses and yanlted roofis,
features so rare in England, and in Ire*
land, it would seem, altogether unknown.
The perambulation of the dty then be-
gan with a vint to St. Mary de Crypt,
where Mr. Parker made some remarks on
the schoolhouse attached to the church.
This is of the time of Henry Ylir., and
though not TOry remarkable, is a fair ex-
ample of that period, and Mr. Parker
said it was too good to be destroyed, as
¥ras threatened.
Mr. Freeman then made some brief re-
marks on the church. It is a cross church
of various dates, the earliest part a Nor-
man doorway in the west front, agreeing
very well with the statement that it was
founded by Robert Chichester, Bishop of
Exeter from 1128 to 1150. The church
is remarkable, as shewing how the com-
plete cruciform effect maybe produced,
where the transepts have hardly any pro-
jection on the ground-plan. There is,
however, an unpleasant want of repose
about the building as a whole, and the
tower especially seems, in the general
view of the city, to thrust itself into a
sort of vain rivalry with that of the cathe-
dral. The arcades of the choir are very
singular, the eastern arch on each side
being blank, and the pier between the
other two dividing in a strange way, (like
a T turned upside down,) to allow of a
doorway in the stone screen on each side.
Something analogous may be seen among
the various shifts by which the vault is
introduced in the choir and transepts of
the cathedral. The mark of a cannon-
ball which struck the east end of the
church during the siege in 1648, was
shewn by some of the party, and many
members expressed a wish to get rid of
the monstrous stove under the central
tower, with which the church is at pre-
sent disfigored.
The next point was the Grey Friars,
or Franciscan church, just east of St.
Mary de Crypt. This house was founded
by Thomas^ Lord Berkeley, before the year
1268, but the existing portions are all of
Perpendicular date, and the church and
other buildhigs are spoken of as having
been '* new builded" at the time of the
suppression. Mr. Freeman here shewed
how completely the building agreed with
the common type of the Friars' churches^
and how completely different it is from
either a parish church or a Benedictine ab-
bey. The nave and north aisle still remain,
though desecrated, and fi^ghtfully disfi-
g^ed by being cut up into several houses.
They form two perfectly equal bodies^
with separate gables, of seven bays, with
large Perpendicular windows between but-
tresses, which must have formed a most
noble rang^. East of the nave is a very
small fragment, most probably part of a
slender central tower between the nave
and the chour. It could not well be part
of the choir itself, because it contains the
jamb of ,a window whose head must have
gone far higher than the walls of the
nave, and so could hardly have been any-
where but in a tower. Also, just east of
the arch into the nave, are signs of a door-
way, which looks much more like a tower
than a choir. The tower seems to have
been vaulted. Inside the houses, parts of
the old roof ^dth queen-posts, and of the
arcade, can be made out, bnt they offer
nothing remarkable. The cloister roof
can be traced on the south side of the
nave, and some of the domestic buildings
running parallel to the church were re-
moved only a few years back.
Mr. Freeman then led the party to the
Black Friars, or Dominican monastery, to
the west of St. Mary de Crypt. Here^
though the whole is sadly desecrated and
mutilated, the whole arrangements can
easily be made out, the'buildings remain-
ing on all four sides of the cloister square.
The monastery was founded by King
Henry III. and Sir Stephen de Hemes-
hull, about 1239, and enlarged in 1290,
and work of both dates remains. Mr.
Freeman said that the church, which oc-
cupies the north side of the square, had
so completely lost all ecclesiastical cha-
racter, that be had found several people
unwiUing to believe that it ever had been
a church at alL The building on the west
060
Antiquarian oM Literary Intelligencer.
£Sept,
side of the square was ofken thought to
have heen the church, bat it seemed rather
to have been the refectory. The beaatifnl
triplet at the south end had probably been
taken for the east window. The building
on the Boath side seemed to have been the
dormitory. These were not the positions
which these several buildings would have
in a Benedictine house, but probably the
Friars differed from the elder orders as
much in the arrangement of their domes*
tic buildings as in the architecture of their
churches. That the northern building
was the church was evident, 1st, from its
direction east and west ; 2ndly, from an
arch still to be seen on the south side*
evidently part of an internal . arcade, and
with the corbels of the aisle roof above it;
8rdly, from a piscina which might be seen
inside, seemingly in a small chapel formed
in the aisle. The present appearance of
the building was owing to a certain Sir
Thomas Bell, who obtained a grant of the
monasteiy at the Dissolution. He im-
mediately built himself a mansion, and
set up a larg^e factory, in which he em-
ployed many hands. It was clear that
Sir Thomas formed his mansion out of the
church, which he shortened at both ends,
and so altered it in detail as to give it the
look of a specimen of the domestic archi-
tecture of the sixteenth century, instead
of the ecclesiastical architecture of the
thirteenth. A few details, however, still
survived, as the original corbel-table on
the north side, and the marks on the
south of a window set in a dormer-gable
over the cloister roof, like those at Malmes«
bury, Leominster, and Brecon.
Mr. Parker then explained the domestic
buildings, of which we hope to give some
account in our next number; want of
space compels us to defer it for the pre-
sent.
A number of the members were then
admitted by the occupant of the church
into the cellar, which Mr. Freeman had
not before visited, and where further proof
of its ecclesiastical character was at once
found. The bases of the pillars exist in
many places; but, unlike its Franciscan
neighbour, with its single lusle as large as
the nave, it appears that the Dominican
church had a narrow usle on each side*
It may therefore very likely have had a
clerestory,like St. Andrew's Hall, Norwich.
The party then went to St. Nicholas
parish church, where some remarks were
made by Mr. Freeman. There is a tra-
dition mentioned by Fosbroke, that the
church was built by King John. Part of it»
viz., the south doorway and the Norman
pier-arches in thtf western part, must be
older than his time, but the greater part
of the building might very weXL be work
of his reign; so that, whatever may be
the evidence for the tradition, there Is at
least nothing mtrinncally absurd in it.
The south aisle has a row of Perpen*
dicular windows inserted in Early English
openings. Probably the original windows
were couplets, and the two arches have
been thrown into one, using np the old
moulded stones, and leaving the outer
jamb on each side untouched. There are
also some g^ood floriated capitals of the
same date, two very large squints to the
high altar, and an early western gallery.
The western tower has an imperfect spire.
This is not uncommon in Qloucestershire
and Somersetshire, as at Minchinhamptmiy
Tatton, Shepton-Mallet, and St. Mary
KedcUffe, while Mr. Freeman said he
knew of only one example elsewhere*
namely, that of Naseby in Northampton-
shire. Sometimes the spire seems to have
been left imperfect, and sometimes to
have had the top destroyed. The latter
seems to have been the case at St.
Nicholas.
EVEKIKa MEETIVa.
This was held in the Tolsey, under the
presidency of A. W. Fsakks, Esq. The
Rev. W. C. Ijukis, F.S.A., read a paper on
the Bell-founders of Gloucester. The Glon-
eester bell-foundry, he said, was in exist-
ence so early as the reign of Edward 11.,
and was conducted by a master-founder*
whose reputation spread fiir and wide.
The monks of Ely, in the I9th Edward
III., sent for " Master John of Glouces-
ter," to make for them a peal of four
monster bells, for the octagon lantern,
then a new feature in church architecture.
The tower in which they were placed was
I860.]
ArchtBoloffical Institute, Gloucester.
261
the work of Alan de WalsinghaTn, then
sacrist, afterwards prior. The largest of
these bells weighed no less than 8
tons 66 lbs. They were cast by Mas-
ter John at Ely. The collection fh>m
long distances of so large a quantity of
metal over the bad roads of that period
musk have been a work of immense diffi-
oolty. With aU oar grand ideas about
Big BeaoM, and all the appliances of mo-
dem days» we have to sit at the feet of
Bueh a skilled master as John of Gloa-
oester.
John Sandre succeeded John of Glou-
cester, and Mr. Lukis said he had little
doubt but that the second bell of the
present peal at the cathedral, by the in-
scription which it bore, was the work of
John Saodre. A seal bearing his name,
and a token of his craft in the shape of a
laver pot, surmounted with a bell, was,
he believed, found in the Thames some
years since. Mr. Albert Way fixed its
date at about 1400.
. The next bell-founder in Gloucester of
whom we had any record was William
Henshaw; and although he had left the
portraitures of his two wives in brass at
St. Michael's Church, campanologists were
disappointed at not finding any effigy of
himself.
A further gap occurred between Hen-
shaw and Abraham Budhall, whose fiunily
for several generations carried on the
business of the foundry. They were
founders from about 1626 to 1828,— at
least we met with the initials A. K. in
1626 and 1640. About 1828 the bell-
founding ceased in that family, when Mr.
Mears took up the Gloucester business.
l£ the inscriptions upon bells afford a
correct exponent of master-founders' prin-
ciples, Gloucester may be proud of such
citizens as the Budhalls, for they appeared
to be well-wishers of their Church, sove-
reign, and country, and lovers of peace
and order. From the inscription on the
first or treble bell of 8t. Mary le Crypt,
he found that in 1749 Abraham Rudhall
was the churchwarden of that parish, in
which year he cast that, as well as the
second bell. The paper concluded by
some remarks on the characteristics of
the age in which our early bells were
cast, and the loyalty and devotion of the
founders. «
At the conclusion of the paper, tiie
Chairman said the seal of Sandre of Glou-
cester was most probably of an earlier
date than 1400, and might indeed belong
to 1330, and therefore it was not at aU
improbable that John of Gloucester and
John Sandre were the same individual.
There wore also read papers by the
Hev. Samuel Lysons, on the history of
]EUchard Whittington, in which the re-
nowned Mayor of London was ■winfained
to have been a Gloucestershire man, and
his history as usually told was said to be
"true in its main points, cat and all."
A third paper, by J. J. Powell, Esq., was
on the Ancient Commerce of Gbucester.
It gave much prominence to the fact that
in Domesday-book Gloucester is styled a
dty, while London is only called a burg,
and traced the introduction, increase, and
eventual decline of various branches of
commerce and manufactories, — various
quarrels with Bristol, to which city Glou-
fsester was long considered subordinate, —
and the great increase of the trade of the
city that had resulted from the formation
of the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal^
which was opened in 1827.
Wednesday, July 18.
The morning was occupied at the Tolsey
in reading papers. The first was one by
the Bev. J. L. Petit, on
Tewkssbubt Abbby Chitboh.
This fine old building, which might
worthily rank among our English cat^e«
drals, has some unique points of archi-
tectural interest. Though it received
important alterations in the fourteenth
century, it presents little change from
the primitive Norman arrangpement. It
has much in common with Gloucester
Cathedral. At no period daring the pre-
valence of medisBval architecture were the
proportions and composition of important
churches finer than when the early Nor-
man style fiourished in England, and the
stiU earlier Bomanesque on the Continent.
262
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
The central tower of Tewkesbury is per-
haps one of the grandest ever designed in
the Romanesque period. There is greater
variety of form in the towers found on
the Continent than in those of England,
the octagon being frequently used, and
often crowned with a spire of stone.
Wooden spires are also common, and one
is known to have belonged to the tower
of Tewkesbury, till it was blown down by
a storm in the sixteenth century. The
present pinnacles are not original, having
been added in the seventeenth century.
Though not in character with the archi-
tecture, they do not on the whole mate-
rially disfigure the building. The paper,
after describing the tower in some detail,
referred to the difficulty of sketching it,
owing to its peculiar combination of
height with massiveness. The restora-
tion of the roofs would not, in Mr. Petit's
opinion, be an improvement, as it would
take from the dignity of the tower, and
still more from the effect of the two
beautiful turrets that flank the west end.
The character of the church is breadth
rather than height. The west front, he
believed, is unique in its composition.
The decorated work of the choir is ex-
tremely beautiful, and the tracery of the
vaulting unequalled in delicacy and in-
tricacy. It has more design in it than
that of Gloucester, and g^vos expression
to the width, which so pre-eminently cha-
racterises this church. The architectural
history of the church is rather to be in-
ferred from details of style than derived
from authentic records. A Benedictine
monastery was founded hero early in the
eighth century, but probably no part re-
mains of an earlier date than the church,
which was built by Robert Fitzhamon,
near the commencement of the reign of
Henry I., being begun in 1102. The
arches opening into the choir idsles are
probably the oldest architectural features
in the church. The great alteration took
place in the fourteenth century, probably
very little, if at all, before the work at
Gloucester, though the one is Decorated
and the other Perpendicular. The Per-
pendicular work of the church appears
only on the south side, which must have
been of great richneo^ and in tombs and
screens.
With respect to Glonceiter Cathedral,
he wished to say that Mr. Winston la of
opinion that the white glass in the head
of the east window of the cathedral is
original, and comprehended in the design
of the window. It was evidently intro-
duced to form a division between the rich
colouring of the rest of the window, and
the colouring, no doubt equally rich, of
the vaulted roof. He had often doabted
whether opaque colour and transparent
colour could be seen to advantage in the
same building, and he was sure they oonld
not in actual juxtaposition, but the de-
cided break made by the white glass was
absolutely necessary to the effect of the
design. Even in the present colourless
state of the roof, the fine cool tone of this
white glass (which no modem material
could equal) g^ves wonderful value to the
painted glass, and by replacing it with
colour, we might chance to destroy one of
the greatest beauties of this very remark-
able window. •
The excursions for some of the fidlow-
ing days having been announced, Mr. Free-
man reg^tted that so many of the best an-
tiquities in Gloucestershire appeared to be
so completely passed by ^. The Institute
visited Bath, and came away without seeing
the chambered tumulus at Wellow, the best
English example of its class, and without
any publicly recognised excursion to the
Anglo-Saxon church at Bradford. It would
be a pity indeed if the same error were
committed at Gloucester, and if the Insti-
tute went away without seeing the cham-
bered tumulus at Uleybury and the Anglo-
Saxon church at Deerhurst. The proposed
Herefordshire excursion might be in itself
fully equal to any that could be made in
Gloucestershire ; Goodrich Castle undoubt-
edly was one of the best monuments of its
kind, but it had no natural connexion with
Gloucester, and would fall much more
properly within the scope of a meeting at
** Mr. Freeman should consider the impoMt*
bility of Rocing OTerything in a week, and that
an excursion may be easy for a small party, which
is wholly impracticable for a large one.— En.
I860.]
Areheological Institute, Gloucester.
263
Hereford or Monmoath. On tbe other
hand, Gloucestershire itself contained a
series of antiqnities of the highest value
which could be seen nowhere so well as
from Gloucester. The proposed Berkeley
excursion ought to take in the beautiful
Early English church at Slymbridge, of
whose poration those who drew up the
programmes seemed to have no notion,
but which was as natural a companion to
Berkeley geographically as it was archi-
tecturally. Instead of the distant excur-
sion to Goodrich, he should propose one
to the numerous and varied antiquities on
and about the Cotswold Hills. It should
embrace the whole, or as many as possible,
of the following objects, — the ancient barn
at Frooester, the Norman church and mo-
nastic buildings at Leonard Stanley, the
chambered tumulus and magnificent camp
at Uleybury, the barn at Calcott with its
remarkable sculpture and inscription, the
castle of Beverston, and the church and
small domestic antiquities at Dursley.
Such a day's work would be almost un-
paralleled elsewhere, and yet not one of
these objects was put down on the list of
excursions. The excursion he proposed
would not be wholly primeeval, nor wholly
architectural, nor wholly any one thing;
it would contain something for antiquaries
of all tastes. It would also embrace about
the finest view in all England, looking
down on the whole range of country whose
history was about to be illustrated by Dr.
Guest, and would carry those who made it
along the line of Earl Godwine's march
from Beverston to Gloucester.
The next paper was a very elaborate
one, by the Bev. C. H. Hartshome, on
Thb Fasijaicekts of Glouobstes.
It commenced with an account of the
Witan that assembled there in 1048, in
consequence of the affray between Eustace
of Boulogne and the men of Dover, for
which Earl (Godwin was held responsible ;
detailed the numerous meetings there
under the Norman kings, those under
Henry II. and III., Edward I., Edward
III., and Richard II., down to the last
Parliament held at Gloucester, that in
the 9th year of Henry IV. (1407), which
ha? an important bearing on a question
of parliamentary usage that has been of
late warmly discussed.
The dispute which had commenced in
1378 regarding the privileges and juris-
diction claimed by each House was still
fiirther extended in the last Parliament
that sat at Gloucester.
When it met here in the 9th of Henry
IV., 1407, the Commons besought the
King to assign certain lords, whom they
named, to commune with them on the
business of the meeting, — a request that
had been made and granted on former
occasions; but in addition to this, the
Lords now evinced the desire of obtun-
ing peculiar privileges, more particularly
striving to control all the pecuniary
grants to the Crown. The Lords being
assembled in the royal presence, were
desired to state what aid they deemed
necessary for the public service, and hav-
ing replied that it would require a tenth
and a-half from the cities, and a fifteenth
and a-half from other laymen, besides a
subsidy of wool and other duties for two
years, the King then sent this message to
the Commons. The Commons, however,
did not feel disposed, on their part, so
readily to entertain the Lords' proposi-
tion: for the King having commanded
them to send to himself and the Lords a
certain number from their body to hear
and report what he shonld ordain, and
the Commons having received the com-
munication, they were greatly disturbed,
and unanimously declared the proceedings
were to the great prejudice and deroga-
tion of their liberties. Thus distinctly
claiming as the representatives of the peo-
ple that all grants for aids must originate
with their branch of the legislature, and
not with the Upper House.
Whether this assumption of power was
consistent with previous forms, whether it
agreed with that clause in Magna Charta
that decreed that no scutage or aid should
be g^ven excepting by the common coun-
cil of the kingdom, (the clause was
omitted in the two subsequent confirma-
tions— ParL Hist., vol. ii. p. 110; Ste-
phens, vol. i. p. 186,) whether it was a
departure from the provisions established
264
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
XSept.
at the Parliament of Oxford in 1258, will
now be matter of little consequence, as
the authority of the Commons, either in
making or in sanctioning pecuniary grants,
was by this transaction henceforward fully
established.
This collision between the Lords and
the Commons also gave rise to the ordin-
ance that in all future Parliaments the
Lords should have full freedom of debate
amongst themselves; in an equal way
also, that the Commons should discuss all
matters relating to the realm without
disclosing them to the King before they
had arrived at a mutual decision, and that
that decision should only be made known
to the King through the voice of the
Speaker.
A recent Report on Privileges has, after
a lapse of four centuries and a half, in-
vested this last Parliament that sat for
six weeks at Gloucester with fresh value.
It has been appealed to as the chief
authority for passing Bills of Supply, and
upon its practice have been founded a
series of resolutions marked equally by
their dignity and independence, which
have asserted the authority of the House
of Commons to impose and remit taxation.
Dr. Guest read a paper —
Ok tfb English Conquest of the
Seybbn Valley in the Sixth Cen-
TUEY,
of which the following is an abstract : —
Before the great battle fought at Dyr-
ham in this county, a.d. 577* the whole
of the Severn valley and a large portion
of the Cotswold were in the possession of
the Welsh, Cirencester being their great
fortress to the eastward. In the year
577, Ceaulin, King of Wessex, advanced
along the Roman road leading from Win-
chester to this city, and then turned to
his left and reached the Fosse. Down
this highway he proceeded, devastating
the country as he advanced, till, in the
neighbourhood of Dyrham, the Welshmen
met him, and sustained the defeat com-
memorated in the Chronicle. Gloucester,
Cirencester, and Bath surrendered, and
the loss of these three great cities must
necessarily have carried with it the loss
5
of the whole vale of the Severn fh>m Bath
to the forests of Worcestershire.
In the year 584 Ceaulin made another
inroad, and fought a battle at a plaos
called Fethan ledh. He is said to have
taken ** many towns and countless booty •**
All our modem historians identify Fethan
leah with Frethem, near Gloucester ; bat
no philologist would venture to maintaia
the identity of the two names, Frethem
and Fethan ; and it is clear that the whole
neighbourhood of Gloucester most have
changed its masters when that city be-
came English in the year 577. Now, at
the entrance of the Vale Royal of Cheshire
is a village called Faddeley. This phu»
satisfies all the requirements both of phi-
lology and of history. Ceaulin must have
advanced thither through the heart of
Shropshire, and up the valley of the Tenu
This rich district no doubt furnished the
<*many towns and countless booty" men-
tioned in the Clmmicle.
An dd Welsh poet, named Llywarch
Hen, describes the devastation of the
valley of the Tern by the men of Lloegyr
(England), during the reign of Brocli«
mael. King of Powis. Brodmiael lost hie
grandson Selyo, or Solomon, at the hattla
of Chester, ▲.». 613. He most at that
time have been an aged man, and may
therefore very well have been reigning
over Powis when Ceaulin made his inroad,
AJ>. 584. There can be little donbt that
it was this inroad which occasioned all the
misery and ruin so vividly brought before
us in the Elegy of Llywarch Hen, and
which led to the destruction of Urioo*
nium. We have no occauon to bring oyer
an "army of Bretons" for the pnrpose, —
like some of our modem antiquaries. That
hapless town was no doubt destroyed hy
our own ancestors in the year 584^ and by
command of Ceaulin, King of Westex.
Mr. Freeman wbhed the Institute woold
unanimously petition Dr. Guest to oarry
out a suggestion made in the last nnmbeor
of the " Edinburgh Review," and to work
together all his scattered lectures and
essays into one gpreat *' History of the
English Conquest in Britain." Such a
work would be the most valuable o(m*
tribution ever made to the early historjp
I860.]
ArchmologiccU Institute, Gloucester.
265
of our country. Dr. Gaest, a» the one
man who had at once read everything and
been everywhere, had done more for the
lustory of the Teutonic settlements in
Britain than any other man. He would
indeed have earned the lasting gratitude
of every historical student had he never
done anything else hut venture to call
our ancestors by their real historical name
of Biglishmen from their very first ap-
pearance in the island. It is wonderful
how much utter misconception has arisen
from the vulgar habit of calling all Eng-
lishmen before 1066 "Saxons." People
really do not realize that these " Saxons"
are simply ourselves, our own forefathers,
speaking an early form of our own lan-
guage and governed by an early form oi
our own laws. " The Britons*' and " the
Saxons" become two great, distant, indis-
tinct masses, and all trace of chronology,
all trace of personality is lost. Call them,
with Dr. Guest, " English," as they called
themselves^ not "Saxons," which, as
a national appellation, is the mere nick-
name of their enemies ; — call those enemies
** the Welsh," and the connexion between
the days of Ceawlin and our own times at
once becomes visible. An Englishman, a
thousand years back, called himself an
EngliBhman, as he does now; Welshmen
and Highlanders called him a Saxon, as
they do stilL This confiised way of jum-
bling together six centuries of our national
history under the vague name of "the
Saxons" spreads its evil influence every-
where : people fancy that all " the Saxons"
lived at one time, that Hengest and Harold
were just the same sort of people, and
might perhaps have sat down to dinner
together. He would take an example
from a question which Dr. Guest had, as
far as he knew, said nothing about, and
very likely might never have thought
about, the disputed date of the Minster
at Waltham. He firmly believed that
this hazy way of thinking and talking
about "the Saxons" had really a good
deal to do with the unwillingness of some
antiquaries to believe that any part of
the existing building is really the work of
King Harold. A church consecrated in
1060 is a church built by "the Saxons;"
Gbkt. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
a church built by "the Saxons" must
have been small, mean, rude, and perhaps
of timber. When he asked for the proof
that the Englbh architecture of the mid-
dle of the eleventh centuiy was necessarily
of so poor a kind, he was sent to accounts
in Venerable Bede of timber churches in
the seventh and eighth centuries, separated
from the days of Harold by an interval as
long as the whole duration of Gothic ar-
chitecture. This sort of confusion, acting
for the most part quite unconsciously,
ought to be at once got rid of by using
the clear and accurate nomenclature em-
ployed by Dr. Guest. He would conclude
by shewing the practical character of Dr.
Guest's researches, as helping to explain
small local and personal matters in our
own time. He had lately bought a small
estate in Somersetshire, near the city of
Wells. On taking possession he was sur-
prised to find himself in the parish of St.
Cuthberht's at Wells, nearly two miles ofi^,
though the parish church of Wookey was
almost within a stone's throw of his house.
A glance at Dr. GuesfiB map at once ex-
plained the anomaly. The great campaign
of Ceawlin in 577 carried the English con-
quests as far as the Axe; that river was
for a considerable time the frontier of
England and of West- Wales. But that
same river was, fbr a good part of its
course, the boundary of the parishes of
Wells and Wookey, and actually divided
his own land from that of his next neigh-
bour. That is to say, Ceawlin conquered
Wookey and did not conquer Wells; he
conquered the lands of his next neighbour,
but did not conquer his (Mr. Freeman's)
lands. He thought there could hardly be
any more speaking witn^s to the value of
Dr. Guest's researches than the fact that
a great national boundaiy, which he was
the first to discover by a totally different
line of reasoning, should be found actually
to remain, after thirteen hundred years,
as the boundary of looal cUvisions and of
private property.
The Earl of Ducie described a Boman
villa recently discovered at Tortworth;
after which a large party proceeded to
Tewkesbury, and visited the Abbey church,
li
266
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Sept.
&c, under the guidance of Mr. Petit, and
a portion of tbem took Deerharst Church
on their way ; this smaller party was led
by Mr. Parker, who considered the tower
as the only part remaining of the church
built in 1032. The inscription recording
this date is preserved at Oxford, and a
rubbing of it was exhibited in the Museum
during the Meeting.
In the evening, agreeably to invitation,
a large number of ladies and gentlemen
repaired to a Conversazione at Highnam
Court, the seat of Mr. Gambier Parry,
where they were most hospitably received,
and the noble collection of pictures, as
well as many treasures of medisBval art,
was thrown open for their inspection.
Thursday, July 19. Excursion to
ClBBNCESTEB AND FaIBFOBD.
This day was devoted to an excursion
to Cirencester, and about 100 ladies and
grentlemen formed the party. On arriving
at Cirencester the party were received by
the Rev. Canon Powell, Professor Buck-
man, the Rev. Pripcipal Constable, and
others, by whom they were escorted to
the Market'place. Here the Rev. Canon
Powell delivered a short address on the
archa)ology of the fine old parish church.
The exterior of the building having been
examined, the party entered it, and the
Rev. Canon resumed his descriptive and
explanatory remarks. Mr. J. H. Parker
f\illy confirmed the accuracy of Mr.
Powell's statements, and Lord Talbot de
Malahide expressed the thanks of the As-
sociation to the rev. gentleman for his
very interesting and able address.
Mr. Parker took the opportunity of
calling attention to the squints, or hagio-
scopes, which are common in this county,
but are always walled up: he thought
they might be re-opened with advantage.
Their peculiar form, being wide at the
west end and narrow at the east, enabled
persons in the transepts or aisles both to
see and hear the service at the altar dis-
tinctly. He had recently observed in a
neighbouring church an instance where
a small Norman chancel-arch had a larg^
iquint on each side of it, part of the
original dengn to enable the people to
see and hear. These sqmnts had been
walled up, and now the chancel-arch is
pronounced by the modem architect to
inconveniently small that it must be de-
stroyed and replaced by a new large one.
He was sorry to say that this was a com*
mon case, and in this manner all Yeatigee
of antiquity were being rajndly deetrof ed.
The party then proceeded through the
Abbey grounds to inspect the gateway,
a remnant of the old Abbey, and which,
as the 'Spital-gate, still gives a name to
the locality.
The party afterwards cUvided. About
thirty proceeded to Fairford, and, with J.
D. Niblett, Esq., as cicerone, viewed the
beautiful windows for which the parish
church is famed. They considered the
greater part of the glass as English, and
made for the windows in which it is
placed; the small figures in the tracery
light of the heads of the Perpendiciilar
windows could not possibly fit any foragn
windows, as the Perpendicular style does
not exist out of England. But lome of
the larger figures in the lower lights,
and especially those in the windows of
Old Testament characters, appear to be
foreign glass ; and the small portion of the
painted glass being foreign, has probably
given rise to the legend that it was all
taken from a foreign vessel, and that the
present church was built for the glass.
This party was also accompanied by Mr.
J. H. Parker, who briefly explaincMl the
architectural features of the church, a
very fine example of the Perpendicolar
style, with a central tower, the interior
of which forms a lantern open to the
church, a very rare feature in a parish
church. On their return they stopped
to examine M^ysey Hampton Church,
a fine cruciform building chiefiy of the
Early English style, with several interest-
ing features, and a portion of Decorated
work. Also at Ampney 8t. Mary, a soiall
church with a good bell-cot, a curious Nor-
man doorway, and an east window with
tracery of fiamboyant pattern.
The rest of the party walked to the Bar-
ton, and inspected the beautiful Roman
pavement at Cirencester, returning to Earl
I860.]
Archaoloffical Institute, Gloucetter.
267
Bathurst's mansion, where the portrait of
the Duke of Wellington, hy Sir Thomas
Lawrence, and other objects of interest
came nnder notice. A few steps brought
them to the Mnsenm of Roman Antiqni-
ties, and here Professor Buckman dis-
coursed most agreeably and eloquently on
the beautiful remains collected together.
In the evening the members again as-
sembled at the Tolsey, when the following
papers were read : — " Glevum, or Soman
Gloucester," by the Bev. Samuel Lysons ;
*' Coverdile's Bible," by the Rev. James
Lee Warner; and "Some Fragments of
Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts discovered in
the Chapter Library," by the Rev. John
Earle.
GLiYim, OB Roman Gloucestbb.
No one of the places in which the
Archaeological Institute had assembled,
said Mr. Lysons, has greater claim to
antiquity than the city of Gloucester.
Yet, when we consider the mode of life
and the nature of the dwellings of our
British ancestors, coupled with the way
in which they were overrun at various
periods, it is not surprising that few, if
any, vestiges remain of Old Caer Glou, al-
though the British origin of this city is
attested by tradition and the early his-
torians. Moreover, a very interesting
gold bracelet of British make was re*
cently dug up in the line of Ermine-street
(London-road), and has been purchased
by Mr. Albert Way for Lord Braybrooke's
collection. History states that Gloucester
was one of the first cities in the kingdom
occupied by the Romans; yet so little in-
terest has been excited that it is only
sixty years since that Gloucester has been
positively identified with the scraps of
history marking it as a Roman station.
Glevum appears to have been the first
place in the vicinity of which Aulus Plaa-
tius, the general of the Emperor Claudius^
received a check from the aborigines of
the island, and here it was that he esta-
blished his frontier agunst the enemy,
strongly entrenching himself with the
Severn in his front; and historical tra-
dition on the subject is corroborated by
the remarkable fact that a larger number
of the coins of Claudius have been found
here than in any other part of the king-
dom. There is another circumstance
which singularly confirms history — the
discovery of a large number of rude imi-
tations of the coinage of Claudius, evi-
dently issued at the time, shewing that
a mint was estabUshed on the spat ; and
there was still further confirmation in the
discovery of an unusual number of staterss^
or steelyards for weighing coin, and a
cradble for melting metal, dug up at
Norton, near the city. The probability
is that the money was used for the pay-
ment of the soldiers, and we may safely
conclude that there was a military occu-
pation of Gloucester at as early a date as
that of Claudius ; and, if so, there can be
little doubt that it was during the pro*
prsetorship of Aulus Flautius, who re-
tained for several years his governorship
among the Dobuni until he was succeeded
by Ostorius Scapula. Two horse-shoes^
supposed at first to have been silver, have
been found in the streets, and these mark
a period antecedent to the decline of the
arts. If this date be conceded to these
shoes, it may help us in tracing the march
of Claudius's army across Britain ; a part
of it is said to have landed at Southampton
or Porchester, and made its way directly
through the island to join the forces of
Aulus Flautius in the country of the
Dobuni, Silbury-hill not only bdng in
their line of march, but also the point to
which the Romans would naturally make
as one of the strong places of the Britons.
Again, the form of the town itself, built
upon the site of the original camp, and
still as nearly retaining its character at
modem improvements will allow, may
lead us to form an estimate of its g^reat
antiquity. The shape of the town is that
of the most perfect Roman camp — an
oblong parallelogram, the prindpal streets
intersecting each other at right angles.
The aspect was to the north, south, east,
and west, standing on a gentle slope to«
wards the Severn, which formed th«
western defence against the Silures. The
river has evidently shifted its bed. We
may still trace all the important pnblio
boildings of a Roman camp; the walk
268
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
appeared to have remuned in th^ ori-
ginal state antil their destruction after
the Civil Wars. The only remains exist-
ing is a small portion near the site of the
Bouth gate. At a later period of the
Boman oocnpation the walls to the north
appear to have heen extended so as to
take in the area now occupied hy Lower
Korthgate-street and Hare-lane. Might
not this have been the Via ArsB, or Altar-
stieet? It has been usual to attribute
a Saxon origin to the name of thb street
— Hier-lane, or Army-street; but there is
reason for concluding that our streets re-
ceived distinctive names before the Saxon
period. If (as it is not improbable from
its position) it was the street of the
tombs, or the burial-place just outside the
camp, such as we find at Pompeii, then
the name Via ArsB would be most appro-
priate. Among the deeds of the cor-
poration are some leases of corporate pro-
perty as far back as Henry IIL and
£dward I., in which the street now called
Longsmith-street is mentioned under the
name of Via Fabrorum ; and as it is known
that the Romans had their Collegium Fa-
brorum, or smithy, in every camp of con-
sequence, it points out, without much
room for doubt, the position of that esta-
blishment at Glevura.
Gloucester has always been fi&mous for
its smithies ; in the reign of Edward the
Confessor it was taxed at 36 icres of iron,
and 100 iron rods for nails for the king's
ships ; and at a later period, as appears on
its seal of the time of Fdward I., the town
adopted two horse-shoes and six mdls for
its armorial bearings. A considerable
Roman building, with scorie of iron, was
found in this street in excavating for the
sewerag^. Roman pavements have been
discovered in all the principal streets of
the town, shewing the sites of the chief
public buildings; and various relics ex-
hibiting the mode of life of the inhabit-
ants continue to be found daily, and
amongst them coins varying from nearly
the earliest down to the latest period of
the Roman occupation. An inscription
found at Bath proves that Qlevum was
honoured at a very early date with the
dignity of a Roman colony, and there are
many traces of the worship of Eseolapiiis,
the introduction of which Tacitus asugm
to Claudius. After a reference to Kings-
holm, supposed to have been the palace of
the British kings, and, fh>m the relici
found there, the villa of the Romans, Mr.
LysoDS alluded to tiieuRoman camp lately
discovered by himself near his residence at
Hempstead, which had hitherto gone by
the name of King Charles's Camp, though
without any sufficient reason. This camp
had escaped the attention of antiqoariea^
who probably remained satisfied with the
popular notion, and enquired no farther.
Mr. Lysons added that the owner of the
property, Mr. Hig^ord Burr, was not in-
disposed to permit an investigation be-
neath the surf)Eu:e, but the land being
valuable upland meadow the expense would
be considerable, and therefore the relics
discovered might be possibly purchased
at a great cost ; we must therefbre tmst
that accident may favour us as it has
done hitherto, and that time may bring
to light more of those vestiges which are
so important in unfolding to us the early
history of our own country.
Mr. Lee- Warner described a copy of
Coysbdale's Bible in Glouobstib
CATHSDBAL LlBBABY.
This work shares with a copy in the
possession of the Earl of Jersey the honour
of being perfect in all its parts, with the
title-page of 1536, which we shall call
the second title. It is dedicated to
King Henry VIII. and his " dearest jnst
Wife and most vertuous Princeese Queen
Anne;" and at the end of the volume we
find this notice : — " Printed in 1635, and
finished the fourth day of October," i.e.,
nearly six months at least (as the title,
shews) before this copy was issued. But
we are enabled to shew that the title of
1536 was not the orig^inal title of the book
as it came from the press ; for the copy in
the British Museum, identical with oars
in every other respect, is dated a year
earlier, and purports to have been trans-
lated out of " Douch and Latin,^ which
words are wanting in the title now ex-
hibited.
The opening paragraph of the Dedicsi*
I860.]
ArcJuBological Institute, Oloucester.
269
tion saffices to explain to us the motive of
this seeming incongruity. It is addressed,
as we have seen, not only to Henry VIII.,
but to his dearest just wife, Queen Anne.
The book was all in type, and not only so,
but issued, when the ill-fated Queen was
in the zenith of her prosperity. Great
things were expected from her influence
and patronage. But in a few short months
the scene changes, and the name of Anne
Boleyn, so far from being a passport to
the capricious monarch's favour, would
damage any cause with which it might be
\ connected. What then was to be done to
m3et the altered circumstances? The
Dedication (it is true) might altogether
have been cancelled, but these were the
days of dedications, and the whole suc-
cess of the edition depended on the Royal
fiat, and the sole motive of the Dedica-
tion hangs on the remarkable words, " I
thought it my duty not only to dedicate
this translation unto your Highness, but
wholly to commit it unto the same, to the
intent that it may stand in your Grace's
bands, to correct it, to amend it, to im-
prove it, yea, and clean to reject it, if
your godly wisdom shall think it neces-
sary." Words like these ought never to
have been written ; but once deliberately
published, they could not be withdrawn.
But the King^s third marriage, in a
very short time, suggested a solution of
the difficulty. The sunset of Anne's es-
pousals had indeed been dark and dismal;
but the morning of Queen Jane's corona-
tion had dawned at least with promise, so
the alteration of two letters was deemed
sufficient to meet the case. For Anne
was substituted Jane ; and the type, thus
amended, is found in existing copies,
among which those at Sion College and
at Lambeth may be cited as the most
accessible.
But did this alteration dispose of
every difficulty? Obviously far from
it. A date upon the title page is usually
understood to mark the completion of the
volume. Here, then, was a Bible com-
pleted in 1535, but dedicated to a Queen
whose new-bom royalty dated only from
the year following its issue. This contra-
diction, therefore, could only be obviated
by the printing of a new title-page, in
which 35 was changed to 36. And seeing
that these changes were all forced upon
the publishers after the commencement of
the issue, we need not feel surprise that
spme confusion has arisen among the two
title-pages, the two dedications, and the
main body of the work, appended indif-
ferently to each, perchance by the negli-
gence of the binder.
Our glance at these Bibles may very
profitably be extended to illustrate two
malpractices, which we cannot too strongly
reprobate, whether of restoration or de-
struction. Take, for example, the Cover-
dale in Sion College Library. We find
that in 1772 it was borrowed by the
British Museum, in order to supply mutu-
ally-exbting difects in each. Accordingly,
it came back with the wood-cuts of its
title-page supplied by " an ingenious pen-
man," the style and execution of which we
will not severely criticise, seeing them to
be the performance of probably a clever
school- boy. But the ground of our objec-
tion is, that the title thus inserted is the
title of 1535, which we hold to be im-
properly prefixed to a dedication inscribed
to Queen Jane, as it involves nothing
less than a manifest anachronism. And,
speaking as archseologists, we cannot too
strongly deprecate that sort of restoration
to which Coverdale has been subjected.
Nine-tenths of the Coverdales which the
wreck of time has spared came down to us
without titles. Their possessors, in many
instances, have wished to do them honour,
after their own fashion, by making good
the deficiency; but the power, rather
than the will, was wanting. Till the dis-
covery of the Holkham Bible, no perfect
title of 1535 was accessible. The British
Museum copy had lost all the woodcuts
of its outer side completely; but, as a
similar pattern had been used in Mat-
thew's Bible of 1539, it was thought
that a skilful amalgamation would well
serve the purpose. However, after all, it
was but the junction of the humanum
caput and the cervix equinuSf for Matthew
had adopted Latin texts to illustrate his
woodcuts, but Coverdale's were all in
English. To make the matter worse, a
270
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligeneer.
[Sept.
late eminent bookseller prepared at some
expense a wood-block, to perpetuate the
pretended fac-simile, which has thus found
its way into many libraries. Thus much
for restorations injudiciously carried out.
And, if we would see destruction, we have
only to call for the copy in the British
Museum. Tbdre we shall see " specimens
of the initial and capital letters used in
the work cut from another copy, and
pasted on a separate leaf !"
Anglo- Saxon Manttsceipts.
Mr. Earle mentioned some fragments of
an Anglo-Saxon manuscript discovered in
the Chapter Library. These fragments
consisted of an ancient homily and me-
moir of St. Swithin. Mr. Earle, whilst
describing the contents, observed that our
English ancestors were especially anxious
to obtain English saints, because they
previously hnd been indebted to foreign
climes for relics. Mr. Dunkin, in conver-
sation afterwards, confirmed this, by sta-
ting that in the Chronicles of Ralph of
Coggeshall, was an illustrative anecdote.
Ralph had lived during the reign of King
John, and, whilst abbot, visited the Holy
Land, where he was wounded in the eye
by an arrow. The point of the arrow re*
mained unextmcted till the day of his
death ; in fact, he brought it home with
him as a "pilgrim's token.'' During his
abbacy some serfs discovered, about two
miles from Coggeshall, a Roman urn filled
with bones. When the monks heard this,
they felt convinced the bones were those
of some holy man, and with great cere-
mony they proceeded to translate them
into their own guardianship. Singing
hymns and censing the old pagan's bones,
they laid them in a fair linen cloth, and
brought them in procession to the foot of
the high altar with the most devotioiud
ceremonies. But, continued Mr. Dunkin,
that was not all, for Weever, who wrote
in the days of Queen Elizabeth, mentioned
that a potter's mark, " Coo," was also
discovered, and that actually formed the
etymology of Coggeshall.
Friday, July 20.
This was the great day of the meeting,
Mid the Tolsey was completely filled from
the commencement to the dose of the pro-
ceedings. The papers read were : — *' Some
Historical Associations connected with tb«
County of Gloucester," by the Rev. John
Earle, M.A., late Professor of Anglo-Saxon
in the University of Oxford; "History of
the Iron Trade of the Forest of Dean," by
theRev.H.G.Nicholls; *< Medieval Sculp-
ture illustrated by Examples in Gloucester
Cathedral," by Richard Westmacott, R.A. ;
"Architectural History of Gloucester Ca-
thedral," by Professor Willis. Our limits
oblige us for the present to confine onr
notice to this last paper.
HiSTOBY OF Gloucsstsb Cathbd&au
Professor Willis said he was about to
give the company a sketch of the history
of Gloucester Cathedral. They were pro*
bably acquainted with its general appear-
ance, and therefore he should assume that
they were acquainted with many things
he was about to say. As for hia flriendi
the archffiolog^sts, he assumed that they
had rushed off to the cathedral immedi-
ately on reaching the city; but if they
had not done so they ought to have done
80, and therefore he should not trouble
himself about them. If we are to see the
cathedral in an historical light» we must
ascertain the different dates at which
changes took place. Now all history of
ancient buildings partakes of these defects ;
it happens that the best examples of the
style of oonstroction have often no his-
tory ; or the best history has no buildings
corresponding with it; and therefore the
archsBologist is left in the dark. All he
can do is to group together some build-
ings of the same style, such as those called
Norman, Early English, Decorated, and
Perpendicular, and then, if possible, find
some good history of one or more examples
of each gproup, and should he be so fortn-
nate, say to what style they all belong.
Now it happens that we have all these
advantages combined in Gloucester Ca-
thedral; glorious examples of Normsx^
1860.]
Archaological Institute, Gloucester.
271
Decorated, and Perpendicular architec-
tore, and also a complete history of the
boildiog in the Chronicle of Abhot Fro-
cester, which gives every particular of the
erection of the building short of the actual
building accounts, and thus enables us to
date the particular parts of it more accn-
rately than can be done with most other
sncient edifiees. The building is also very
beantiful and interesting irrespective of
history, and by its aid he hoped to throw
some light on dispnted points of architec-
tural history.
The general character which Gloucester
Cathedral presents is that of a Norman
cathedral complete nearly from one end
to the other, but subjected to various al-
terations in consequence of repairs and
fkults of construction. Most of the writers
on the cathedral describe the south aisle
af Decorated, and the choir, or presbytery
af it was called by Abbot Frocester, as
Perpendicular, but its features are only
cemented against the Norman wall. The
whole transept and choir present one of
the moet glorious examples of architecture
he had ever seen. Bearing in mind that
beneath the edifice tliere is a beautiful
crypt, he would give passages from Fro-
cester's Chronicle, which fixes the dates
to the particular parts. The Chronicle
said, in 1058 Aldred the Norman bishop
built the church from the foundation,
(this was in the time of Edward the Con-
fessor,) and dedicated it to St. Peter. It
was, then, either a Saxon or early Norman
church in the style prevalent at the time
of Edward the Confessor. Now arch»-
ologists have ascertuned that the Norman
style was brought in during the reign of
Edward the Confessor, and the work was
very rudely executed, judging from the ex-
amples of it in Westminster Abbey. In
1087, said the Chronicle, the cathedral was
burnt down, and in 1069, that is, after the
Norman ooaquest, on the feast of the apo«
sties St. Peter and St. Paul, the foundation
of the present church was laid by Robert,
Bishop of Hereford, at the request of
Serlo, the abbot. As it was consecrated
in 1100, it was certainly completed suf-
ficiently for the performance of service^
and probably the nave was also finished.
In 1163, or between 1163 and 1180, the
north-west tower fell, owing to a bad
foundation. In 1222 the north-west tower
was rebuilt by Hclias, the sacrist, but
that tower has now ^sappeared, and he
need not treat of it, nor of the chapel of
the Blessed Virgin, because that also cUd
not now exist. In 1242, the Chronicle
said, the vault of the nave was completed
by the monks themselves; they did not
employ common workmen, and therefore
he might suppose that the monks con-
sidered they would do the work better
than common workmen. It is an Early
English vault.
The Chronicle next brought him to
Tbokey, a very important person in the
building. Thokey gave Edward II. honour-
able burial in the church, and thus at-
tracted to the church a multitude of visi-
tors ; all classes began to regard the mur«
dered king as a martyr and sunt; and
the offerings on his tomb amounted to
such a prodigious sum that the monastery
was supplied with the means of building
the church. That was, in fact, the great
era of the church. Now Thokey, before
that period, says the Chronicle, had con*
structed the south aisle of the nave at
great expense ; and we may see that this
aisle has received an outer case ; whereat
before it was a Norman nave with a Nor-
man vault, it now presents a Decorated
vault with Decorated ribs, and the out-
side also appears to be Decorated. It is
one of the most beautiftd examples of the
style; and it has this great advantage
which other altered buildings do not pos-
sess; in other buildings the proportions
272
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
very often constrain the design in the
new work, and give it a mixed character,
spoiling bothy giving, for example, heavi-
ness to the Norman and flimsiness to the
Decorated. But this is not the case at
Gloucester; the south aisle is externally
a good example of the Decorated. The
windows resemble one of those in Merton
College Chapel, Oxford ; there is a variety
of windows there, but this pattern occurs
twice. The connection between Gloucester
and Oxford was very curious. The college
was founded in 1264; and the windows
were of that period. Merton College was
one of the first established in England,
and the monks of Gloucester soon esta-
blished a college for their student monks
at Oxford, which afterwards became Glou-
cester College. Merton Chapel was founded
about 1280, Gloucester College in 1283 ;
Thokey began the south aisle in 1307, so
that it is probable that he derived the pat-
tern of the window from Gloucester Col-
lege, Oxford. Professor Willis knew no
other example of it, except some manift^st
copies in and near Gloucester. This shews
that windows were continually copied;
indeed, there are contracts still in exist-
ence stipulating that windows and other
features shall be copied from those in
other buildings enumerated.
In 1329 Thokey was succeeded by Wig-
more, who seems to have made a tabula,
or frontal, for the prior's altar, and he
was well skilled, for the images were
worked with his own hands. In Wig-
more's time began the offerings on Ed-
ward's tomb, which enabled him to con-
struct the aisle of St. Andrew as it now
appears. The next abbot was Staunton :
in his time was constructed the great vault
of the choir and the stalls of the choir on
the prior's side, and these were built with
the oblations of the faithrul. Indeed, the
mouks, it is said, grumbled about the ex-
pense, because it was so high: they de-
6
dared more money was spent in ornament
than would have rebuilt the whole churcby
if it had been properly employed. The
next abbot concerned was Thomas de Hor-
ton, and in his time the Chronicle states
the high altar with the choir and the new
stalls on the abbot's side were begun and
finished, and also the aisle of St. PauL
The work was commenced in 1368, and
completed in 1373.
Nothing more was told of the history
of the church till they came to the time
of Walter Frocester, who wrote the Chro-
nicle which supplies the facts which he
(Professor Willis) had stated. A com-
mentator on the Chronicle after his death
tells us that among other things which
Frocester built was the cloister of the
monastery, which had been b^rnn in the
time of Horton, and completed to the door
of the chapter-house, and remsdned imper-
fect. Frocester was a great builder, and
he took up this work and completed it.
For the rest of the history of the cathe-
dral, strange to say, there is nothing elee
to depend upon than a passage in Leland's
Itinerary, containing, as he said, " notable
things following I learned of an ould man
made lately a monk at Gloucester."
Leland gives the facts all of a jumble^
without any regard to chronology; bat
by comparing the " ould man's" statement
that Horton made the north transept, or
** cross aile," and that the south transept
and presbytery vault were made by the
oblations at the king's tomb, with the
corresponding statements in the Chronicle
that Horton made the aisle of St. Paul,
and that the aisle of St. Andrew and g^reat
vault were made by the oblations, the
Professor shewed that the north transept
was St. Paul's aisle and the south transept
St. Andrew's aisle, contrary to the re-
ceived opinion that the latter term was
applied to the north transept. Leland's
informant also said that Abbot Seabroke
I860.]
Archaoloffical Institute, Gloucester.
273
built a great part of the tower, which was
" a pharos to all parts of the hills." It is
so still, at least by daylight, for a light is
not put up at night. Then Leland saya
that Morwent erected the stately porch
and two pillars at the west end of the
nave, being minded to make the whole
alike. We most be glad that he did not
live to spoil the Norman by his poor Per-
pendicular. It was worth remarking that
these important facts, together with the
building of the Lady-chapel by Abbots
Hanley and Farley between 1450 and
1470, have been preserved to ns solely by
Leland's conversation with the old monk.
The Professor had now done with his-
tory, and would shew what use could be
made of it in fixing the dates of the dif-
ferent parts of the cathedral. First we
have got the date of the crypt. The men-
tion in the Chronicle of a Saxon foundation
has led many antiquaries to believe that the
Saxons commenced the present church and
the Normans completed it. But there are
alterations in the crypt of a very curious
character; and tins is a very important
point for consideration. One carious point
— he had only discovered it the day bef(»*e
— is, that in the crypt the chapels which
radiate from the choir instead of being
polygonal are circular, for on examining,
by digging, some of the outer walls now
covered with grass, he found that they
were arcs of circles. It was clear to him
that when the foundations of the cathedral
were laid, the crypt was planned to re-
ceive the existing superstructure, and no
other. Indeed, in its design it is far too
complicated fur a Saxon church. He rested
his opinion on this great complexity of the
plan. The building it in conception a Nor-
man church from bottom to top. It is,
however, a very early instance of Norman
polygonal chapels; and indeed every ex-
ample of other styles is early at Gloucester.
We find the arches of the crypt ribbed
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
rudely, but in parts of the superstructure
they are not ribbed, but groined. Now all
the buildings before the Conquest had not
such vaults; and he thought some of the
first of that construction might be churned
for the nave of Gloucester.
The statement of the Chronicle that the
tower fell down is confirmed by the state
of the walls, which shews that the founda-
tion of the building was faulty. It ap-
pears to have settled, and become in a
dangerous state; and an examination of
the ribbed vault of the crypt shews an-
other curious fact ; it is found that origi-
nally they were groined, so that the vault
is not a real ribbed vault. These ribs
have, indeed, been inserted under a pre-
vious groined vault, to prop it up. The
builders saw the building settling in a
dangerous way, and the Norman rib-vault
having been already employed in the side
aisles of the nave, they applied it in this
ingenious way. They also at the same
time cased the small columns in the aisles
of the crypt, so as to increase their di-
ameter to enable them to support these
additional ribs.
At first sight the south and north
transepts, as well as the choir, appear to
be in the Perpendicular style, and they
were so characterised by Rickman; and,
indeed, this is true for the north tran-
sept and choir, but the south transept is
of mixed or transitional character, still
retuning flowing lines in the tracery.
Now, as regards the way in which this ia
done; all this beautifnl tracery is cemented
against the Norman wall behind. Parts
of the choir are nothing but the ancient
Norman work cut down and shaped ; this
shews the skill and economy of the
builders.
Professor Willis was inclined to think
the Perpendicular style might have com-
menced in this district; it must have
begun somewhere ; in some place the
Kk
274
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Sept.
muUion most have been carried up for
the first time; and he knew no place so
likely as Gloucester to have produced the
change of style. There are no dates so
early. The earliest is the great west
window of Winchester, built in 1350 or
1360, in which the style is complete.
But at Gloucester we have a Perpen-
dicular design, essentially the same, in
the south transept, north transept, presby-
tery, and Lady-chapel. But retaining in
the first example in 1330 many Decorated
characters, it becomes more perfectly Per-
pendicular in the succeeding examples.
The lines of the complex vault are
peculiar to England, the ribs run like a
spider's web, and are most difficult to
work out. There are earlier examples
elsewhere than the vault of the south
transept, which is the earliest in this
cathedral; but very few bmldings have
such magnificent examples as the vaults
of Gloucester. But there is this pecu-
liarity in this kind of vault, that it de-
mands great skill in the art of stone cut-
ting, so that the joints may lie truly toge-
ther, without which all would fall to the
ground. That shews that the builders of
the cathedral were most skilful masons.
This led to fan-vaulting, a noble example
of which is seen in the cloisters. The fan
is not much like a lady's fan, but more
like an umbrella turned inside out, be-
cause the curvature of the ribs is all
the same. This style of vaulting is en-
tirely peculiar to England; there is no
specimen of it on the Continent, that he
had ever seen, and all foreigners he had
consulted say they had nothing like it;
besides, they do not like it ; it is uncon-
genial to their eyes, and they say it looks
like a thing turned inside out. This vault-
ing at Gloucester is clearly dated 1360,
and there is nothing like it till long after,
the examples being generally of the reign
of Henry VIII. ; therefore we may assume
that this school of masons produced fan-
vaulting. He was not saying this to pay
a compliment to Gloucester ; for he might
add he had put this opinion in print many
years ago.
Tbe whole building, indeed, is fnll of
peculiar and ingenious fancies. What ia
more peculiar than the slender arch below
the great arch of the tower, looking like
a piece of carpentry in stone, and ap-
parently holding up the vault? It is a
deception, because that really rests securely
on the wall behind. But the object is not
to deceive, it is built for a good lesthetic
reason. Unless some resting point was
provided, the builders must have allowed
the capital to hang down to a level with
the others without anything to support
it, or altered the arch above, and thus
have disturbed the curvature of the vault.
He believed that this flying arch was con-
trived to get rid of these defects. All
this appears to be characteristic of a school
of masons who were extremely skilful, and
glad of an opportunity of shewing their
skill, as a modem engineer likes to carry
his railway through a chain of mountains
when he has a plain valley before him,
merely to shew his skill. The original
south aisle ran completely round the east
end of the choir. Abbot Horton was de-
termined to extend it^ and in so doing
contrived to solve the problem of getting
an east window wider than the side walls
which contained it Professor Willis then
described, by reference to the plans, how
the builders contrived to sustain the side
walls so as to relieve the old walls of the
weight of the new superstructure. He
admired the ingenuity of the middle
ages, but whatever may be said of their
science as shewn in their masonry, he
believed they had none. Tbey were per-
fectly practical and most ingenious men ;
they worked experimentally; if their
buildings were strong enough, there they
stood ; if they were too strong, they also
stood ; but if they were too weak, they
gave way, and they put props and built
the next stronger. That was their science,
and very good practical science it was, bnt
I860.]
Arc/ueologieal Institute, Gloucester.
275
in many cases they imperilled their work
and gave trouble to fntare restorers. The
learned Professor oondnded amidst much
applause, and received a hearty vote of
thanks.
In the afternoon Professor Willia led a
very nnmerons company through the ca-
thedral, pansing at smtable places to give
ladd explanations of the scene around.
The tour commenced at the Lady-chapel,
where he pointed out the. exuberance of
fancy displayed by the architect, especially
in two flying anchee, one <m each side,
contrived for the purpose of preserving
the screen-like character whidi is the pre-
vailing style of the catbedraL Then pro-
ceeding to the doorway of the chapel, be
called attention to the great window and
its peculiar feature^ it being wider than
the width of the nde walls. . He pdnted
out that the nde usles, which endrde the
choir in the original edifice, ran round the
end of the building; that the cathedral
was then enlarged by the length of the
two pier-ardies in the present choir, and
that the window was made wider than
the width of the mde walls. He made
this clear to the audience by pointing out
details of construction whidi cannot be
reproduced in a written account.
Frooecding into the choir, or presbytery,
as this part of a building was originally
called, he remarked that the dedgn had
been aptly compared to a veil thrown over
the fiuce of the original edifice. In all
cathedrals, he observed, a screen, about
the hdght of the present altar-screen,
separated the didr firom the nde «sles
and transepts^ but in this cathedral the
screen is carried to the roof, and the
result was a beanUftd if not unique dioir.
The screen of tracery which formed the
sides was, in truth, merdy plastered on
the Korman wall; in some instances the
new mulUons had been built up, but in
others the original Norman columns had
been chipped down until they harmoniBed
with the general design. He called at-
tention to the flying ardies between the
piers supporting the tower already men-
tioned. He directed attention to the
spider-Uke vaulting of the roof, on whidi
so much money had been qpent. But. com-
plicated as the ornamentation appeared,
throwing out lines in every direction,
whidi interpenetrated in glorious confii-
non but with rich efl^, the comi^cation
was really the efi^ect of perspective, fbr
when reduced to drawing the lines formed
a simple geometrical #gure. He made ft
cursory allunon to the tomb of Bdward II.,
whose ashes were reposing dose to himi
to him th^ owed the glorious fhbrio in
which they stood, for it was reared with
the offerings made on his tomb by i^
grims who regarded him as a mar^.
From the chdr Professor Willis pro-
ceeded to its south a&de^ and pointed oui
the evidence that the beautifhl traoeiy of
the interior of the choir was BoUnng but
a vdl or screen plastered <ni the fhce of
the Norman walL There was a marvel*
lous contrast, he said, between the soU^ty
of the Norman piers of the original struc-
ture and the eoLtxyoie thinness of the pier
of that part of the dioir added by re-
moving the aisle which originally swept
round the end of it. He pointed out
where the drenlar work was cut ofl^ and
the addition began, and also the ardi con-
trived to relieve the slight pier of the
weight of the superstructure^ which it
was not strong enough to bear. Hm
new pier is only, as it were* one bri(^
thick, and one ardi looks like a piece of
pasteboard. He called attention to the
distortion of the Norman ardies of the
vault» which he described as broken-
backed, in a manner which dearly aroee
ftx>m the sinking of the fbundal^ons of
the edifice.
IVofessor Willis then prooeeded into the
south transept^ wludi he had identified
with whit in Abbot Frocester's Qhroi^d*
is called Si. Andrew's aide. Other arciisd-
dogists thought the north transept wis
St. Andrew's^ because St. Andrew's chapd
was on that sid^ but this point he sdd was
dearly settled, as he had stated, by a com-
parison of the Chnmide with Leland's ao-
eount. He ^fireeted attention to*tbe screen-
like design of the east and west walk;
thi% he said, generally was considered to
be in the Perpendicular styles but it was
wanting in its diief characteristic, as th0
mullioiis were not carried straight up ta
276
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
the head of the arch ; before reaching it
they branched off into arches, and the
tracery of the windows completely nega-
tived the idea that the style was com-
plete Perpendicular.
The vaalt of the transept, he said, was
fine, and one of the earliest specimens of
this complex class of rib-yaulting. Owing
to the difference of the angles of the ribs,
such a vault was very dif&cult of construc-
tion ; most skilful workmanship was neces-
sary to make the ribs join at the inter-
sections, and this led to the use of bosses,
which, while they concealed defective
work, greatly enriched the roof. But
in this example there were no bosses;
the ribs joined perfectly, and it appeared
as if the masons desired that the skilful-
ness of their work should be shewn.
He directed attention to the manner in
which the architect, having two Norman
shafts on the &ce of the piers of the
towers, but being discordant to the gene-
ral design, had made them run into one at
the top, like as they sometimes saw water-
pipes, but, said the learned Professor, it
was an escape from a difficulty which he
could not commend. The transept, he
said, also shewed the daring with which
the builders allowed the lines to cut each
other; for the line of the flying buttress
supporting the wall of the choir was car-
ried through the panelling of the transept.
Professor Willis then led the company to
the triforium, or gallery above the choir
aisle on the south side ; and again enlarged
on the proofs that the tracery of the in-
terior walls of the choir is simply a face
cemented upon the Norman structure.
Leading the company to three flying but-
tresses which spring from the outer walls
of the cathedral at the bend of the apse,
and meet in a point behind the wall of
the choir, something in the form of a
three-legged stool, and to the discharging
arches in the walls, he said these were in-
stances of the ingenuity and skill of the
ancient masons. They now saw how it
was that they had been able to make the
pier of the new part of the choir so slight ;
these flying buttresses really sustained the
weight of that part of the buttress above
the triforium, so that the pier below really
sustained a very small share of the weight.
He here remarked on the economy of ma-
terials practised by the ancient masons;
they never threw away a Norman pier
when they could work it up; and there
were several instances of it in different
parts of the building.
After a cursory inspection of the Abbot's
Chapel, looking into the Lady-chapel,
Professor Willis passed through the whis-
pering gallery into the south triforium, or
gallery of the choir, directing attention by
the way to a very beautiful piscina, and
then descended into the north transept.
This, he said, had been copied from the
south transept, having been built forty
years later, and the Perpendicular cha-
racter was more positive, for while in the
south transept the muUions branched off
into arches before reaching the roof, here
they were continued up to the roof. This,
then, was the complete characteristic of
Perpendicular as laid down by Bickman.
But Rickman's dates of the styles, he
remarked, had been adopted without
mnch enquiry, and were not altogether
supported by the researches of more
modern archseologists. Bickman was
not a learned person ; , he had fixed the
characters of the styles by observing
them, but of the history of the buildings
he took small account.
There were two other features of the
north transept which Professor Willis
said are highly interesting. One, the
Norman chapel on the east side, in
which the groin edges of the vault
are carried down the piers in a man-
ner quite unique; the other, the early
English screen, under the north window,
(erected, he knew not for what purpose^
perhaps to form a reliquary,) a very beau-
tiful piece of workmanship. The audience
now followed Professor Willis into the
noble Norman nave, which was bathed ia
the hues streaming fkt)m the great punted
western window. He dilated on the noble
columns standing like giants g^oarding the
dead; and pointed out the alterations
which had been made in the original de-
sign. The north aisle, he said, is of pore
Norman work, having a ribbed vaults the
windows being raised hig)i in order to
I860.]
Arehaohgical ItutUute, Gtoucetter.
277
clear the roof of the cloisters oatside.
Then, taming to the south aisle, he pcnnted
oat that it was a ribhed roof, erected by
Abbot Thokey, and that the work was
badly done. The ribs fell npon Norman
piers, which were palpably too large.
A tower orig^ally stood at the sooth-
west angle of the nav^ bnt had fidlen
down, and the walls were twisted and
^Ustorted by the sinking of the founda-
tion, and had been partly rebnilt. The
south porch was then usefal as a battress
to the wall.
The windows on this side were very
rare ; there were some in Merton College,
Oxford, as already stated, one at Badge-
worth, and one in St. Michael's, in this
city. Professor Willis drew attention to
the very beautiM triforium and its dus-
ters of marble pillars, with capitals rest-
ing in rather an odd way on other pillars;
the vault of the nave was built by the
monks, not by oommon workmen, and
this arrangement might have been one of
the consequences of amateur workman-
ship. He enlarged on the contrast between
noble Norman piers and the two paltry
Perpendicular piers erected by Abbot Mor-
went at the west end of the nave, in con-
tinuation of it; much would the edifice
have suffered if he bad lived to carry out
his desigpi of converting the whole c^ the
nave into the same style.
Professor Willis then descended into
the Crypt — dark, and dose, and damp;
but he was fbllowed even by the ladies, so
great was the interest exdted by his lucid
explanations. The cathedral, he said, was
built on a quidnand, and there was fbr-
merly much water in tlie crypt, but it
had since been drained. He diewed how
the Norman arches had been torn and
twisted by the dnking of the piers, and
supported by additional ribs. Certain ar-
chflBologists were of opinion that it was
a Norman building on a Saxon structure,
the idea being based on the rudenen of
the piers. But it so happened that a Nor-
man pier had been discovered encased in
the clumsy masonry, so that if they were
right, the ancient masons^ finding the
Saxon piers were not strong enough to
sustun the snperstmeture, must have
somehow strengthened this by putting
a Norman piUar in the heart of it.
Betummg to daylight^ Professor Willis
proceeded into the doisters. He repeated
that the ftn-traoery of the roof was the
earliest spedmen esEtant. The monks used
the doisters for meditation, exercise, and
study, and the recesses or <* carols'* in the
wall were really studies in whidi the
monks sat and rmd. Some of the windows
still exist, and Professor Willis sat down
in one of them to shew that there was
room for a monk and a desk before him.
Then proceeding to the end of the west
doister, he pdnted out the door of the
refectory, and, passing onward, the lava-
tory on one side, an unusually large one^
and the sudatory, or place for towds,
on the other. He then proceeded to
the restored Chapter-room, the walls
of whidi were covered with rubbings of
brasses, which were exhiUted and ex-
pkined by the Rev. H. Haines. The
eastern end is later work than the rest,
and Plrafossor WilUs supposed fVom oer-
tHin features that it had been gradually
intended to dumge the style of the whoto
room.
The little doister outside the walls
was then visited. Professor WlOis sdd
the traceried wall remaimng was the inner
wall of the doister; the outer wall has
disappeared, and he expUuned that the
arches standing there are not part of a
dinrch, but part of the Infirmary of the
monastery, which was always built in the
form of a church. He then called atten-
tion to the ingenuity with whidi the
Lady-chapd was connected with the
dunr; pointed out the gallery thrown
ftom one to the other ; the- lightness of
the buttress supporting the great window,
and pierced, not to obstruct the light;
the polygonal shape of the radiating
diapds^ which are exceedingly rare in
Norman architecture, and tiie circular
foundations below which he had uncovered,
and explained that the opening and path,
way under the Lady-chapd was not a
caprice, but was necessary, as onginaUy a
wall prevented a passage round the end of
it. Professor Willis reachhig the College
Qveen, mounted his ehair for the last time^
278
Aniiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
and, having pointed out how the Norman
work had heen made use of, took his leave,
amid the warm thanks of his auditors.
Later in the evening there was a con-
versa^one in the Corn Exchange, at which
the Mayor presided, and where Dr. Col-
ling wood Bruce, the historian of the Roman
Wall, gave a very interesting discourse,
pointing out in detail hoth the contrasts
and the resemblances between the Roman
settlements in the North and in the South
of Britain, influenced as these were by the
one district having early sunk into subjec-
tion, and being thus at peace, and the
other in reality never being fully subdued;
the settlements in the South are cities — in
the North they are camps.
Saturday, July 21. Visit to Wanswell
CouBT, Bebeeley and Thobnbuby
Castles.
In spite of very bad weather, a large
party, including many ladies, proceedid
by the train to Berkeley-road Station, and
thence in vehicles to the house and castle.
Wanswell Court is a remarkably perfect
house, of about the middle of the fifteenth
century, and was explained by Mr. Parker,
in whose work on the " Domestic Archi-
tecture of the Middle Ages" it is fully
described and engraved.
Arriving at Berkeley Castle, they soon
commenced the Lusiness of inspection,
going through the hall, drawing-room,
music-room, chapel, kitchens, &c., and
finally into King Edward's room, Mr.
Parker making a few explanatory and
descriptive remarks during the progress.
Some interest was excited by the curious
"Berkeley arch,** which is peculiar to
some parts of this castle, and to some
churches and tombs in Bristol. With re-
spect to King Edward*s room, Mr. Parker
considered it still a doubtful point whe-
ther this was the room in which the
murder of that King was committed.
The bedstead, which is known not to be
very ancient, he said was an old Jacobean
one, while the rapier is one of about the
time of James.
From the Castle the party went to the
Church, whose leading characteristics were
commented on by Mr. Freeman. He espe-
cially pointed out the beautiful series of
flowered capitals and deeply regretted that
his audience had not been allowed the oppor-
tunity of comparing them with the series
at Slymbridge, equally beautiful, but of
quite another kind. Mr. Freeman's re-
marks were, for the most part, an abstract
of the minute account of Berkeley Church
communicated by him to the "Eodesio-
logist,*' vol. XV. (1859,) p. 73.
The party then entered tbeir yebides,
and proceeded to Thornbury Church, being
favoured on their journey with only an occa-
sional shower. The Rev. M. F. Stephens
Townsend, the vicar, received the party on
arriving at the church, and conducted
them over it. He stated that it was re-
stored a few years ago at a cost of £3,000,
and pointed out some of the noteworthy
portions of the building. Mr. Parker ex-
plained that the chancel was a restoration
of the original one, which was built late
in the thirteenth century ; it was restored
a few years ago, when the art of restora-
tion was not so well understood at now.
The font, which is a good specimen of
Early English work, was examined, as
was the brass plate in the floor of the
chancel over the tomb of Thomas Tyndell,
bearing date 1571, together with the curi-
ous monuments to Sir John Stafford, Roger
Fowke, &c. The registers of the church
were next inspected. The oldest bore date
1538, and consisted of a series of sheets of
paper fastened together, and was much
stained and torn; the later ones were
bound into books. The entries in the
various registers appeared to have been
most carefully made. An old stone corbel,
representing the head of a female, with
other remains, were shewn, as portions of
the old edifice before its restoration, and
they were pronounced to be of the same
date as the original church.
The party next visited the Castl^ now
belonging to U. Howard, Esq. The in-
scription over the gate, *' W^iSk ®at( IMS
lErecun in t^e vcar of our Xorlf (SoU
1511, in tbe seconTi Qcar of tl^e reign oC
lEting '^enrp 'Fill., be me lEHtnarTi 9aiu
of Idttcking^am, lEarl of 1|ereforTi, Staf-
ford, anil i^orti)ampton,** attracted notice ;
and the beautifiilly moulded brick chim-
I860.]
Archaological Institute, Gloucester.
279
neys were much admired, Mr. Parker re-
marking that they were some of the finest
brick chimneys in England. The party
were then shewn over a portion of the
castle which has been restored and is osed
as a residence, while a few years ago bats
and owls were its only occupants. Mr.
Parker explained that the castle had never
been finished, on account of the fall of the
Duke of Buckingham. According to the
walls and the proportions of the existing
parts, these latter were only a sixth part
of the entire building if it had been com-
pleted. Having assembled on the lawn,
pointing to the building he said it was a
fine specimen of the much-despised Per-
pendicular style ; but looking at the beau-
tiful bay windows, he thought hardly any
one would ventjore to say it was a style
that ought to be universally despised. The
party next inspected the site of the ancient
kitchens and other portions of the building,
until the rain drove them to seek shelter ;
and finally most of them mounted the
tower, from which a splendid panorama of
the surrounding country was visible, in-
cluding the Severn, portions of the Wye,
the Wyndclifie, Fiercefield, and the dis-
tant hills.
After luncheon, the party returned to
Gloucester.
Monday, July 23. Excttbsion to Ross
AND GOODBIOH CaSTLB.
At the morning meeting the Rev. H. G.
Nichols read a paper on
The Iron Wobks of thb Fobest of
Dean.
He described the cavities in the iron-
mine limestone rocks, which testify to the
labours of the early miners, specified the
nature and position of the metallic cinders
yet found in and about this mining dis-
trict, and gave an account of the history of
the Dean Forest iron- works from the ear-
liest to the present age. " With regard
to the character of the old mine holes,
they either resemble deep and tortuous
stone quarries, open to the sky (as at
Bream), or spacious caverns penetrating
under ground for long distances, and of
most capacious and uncertain direction
and shape. Thus, sometimes after pro-
ceeding a considerable distance, perhaps
not more than a yard or more in height
or width, they open out into spacious
vaults, fifteen feet across, the site, pro-
bably, of some valuable * pocket* or * chum'
of ore, and then, again, where the supply
was less abundant, narrowing into a width
hardly sufficient to admit the human body.
Occasionally the passage divides and unites
again, or abruptly stops, turning ofi^ at a
sharp angle or changing its level, where
rude steps cut in the rock shew the mode
by which the old miners ascended or de-
scended ; whilst sometimes the woodwork
of step-ladders have been found semi-car-
bonized by age. These excavations abound
on every side of the forest, wherever, in
short, the iron ore makes its appearance,
giving the name of ' meand,' or mine, to
such places. It may also be observed,
that in the time of the Great Rebellion,
the terrified inhabitants of the neighbour-
hood are said to have fled to these sub-
terranean passages for safety when pur-
sued by the hostile soldiery of either party
who frequented these parts. The fact of
these underground workings presenting
no trace of the use of any kind of ma-
chinery, either for raising the ore or water,
or for their artificial ventilation, or of the
employment of gunpowder, or, in short,
the display of any mining skill, afibrds a
further confirmation of their remote ori-
gin." A great many Roman remains
found in them proved that the Romans
worked these places. Mr. NichoUs noticed
the ancestors of the present " Free Miners
of the Forest of Dean," who must have
been, as their descendants still are, a most
peculiar people. The origin of their
liberty has not been clearly discovered,
but it seems to have been granted them
as a recognition of their services to the
English Crown at the sieges of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in the reigns of the first
three Edwards. The worthy poetess of
the Forest, Kitty Drew, has expressed
the tradition thus : —
" I am told that many ages back
A foreign army did our land invade,
And blood and carnage then ixras all the trade ;
They pitched their tents, and then without delay
They waited anxious for the bloody fray.
280
Antiquarian and Literary Intelliffencer.
[Sept.
Bat our bold miners underneath did get,
And many tons of powder there did set;
Lo ! up they blew the unsuspecting foe,
Their shattered limbs came rattling down below.
Our land thus cleared, our liberty thus saved.
Our noble miners dug the caitiffs' grave.
The King with honour did them so regard.
Made them Free Miners as a just reward ;
The Forest Charter to them granted was,
And firm and sure were made the Forest laws."
The book of the miners' laws and pri-
vileges, which they call ''Dennis,'* and
consider as their "Magna Charta," seems to
belong to the beginning of the fourteenth
century, and is indeed a curious composi-
tion. Every man who possessed the liberty
of the Forest might, with the approval of
the king's gaveller, dig for iron ore or
coal where he pleased, and have right of
way for the carrying of it, although in
certain cases "forbids" to sell might be
declared. A third part of the profits of
the undertaking belonged to the king,
whose gaveller called at the works every
Tuesday between matins and mass, and
received one penny from each miner, the
fellowship supplying the forges with twelve
charges of ore per week at 12d., or three
charges of coal at Id. Timber was allowed
for the use of the works above and below
ground. Only such persons as had been
bom and were abiding in the forest were
to "visit" the mines, in working which
the distance of a stone's throw was always
to be observed, and property in them might
be bequeathed. Although with the change
of circumstances the free miner's exclusive
position is qualified, yet even now all
workings are commenced under his aus-
pices, and he continues to receive prelimi-
nary possession as follows: — The gaveller
goes to the spot selected for the new un-
dertaking with the free miner making the
application, and gives him possession with
the following ceremonies. The gaveller
cuts a stick, and asking the party how
many verns or partners he has, cuts a
notch for every partner, and one for the
king. A turf is then cut, and the stick
forked down by two other sticks, the turf
put over it, and the party galing the work
is then considered to be put in full pos-
session.
Mr. Nicbolls described the change in
the mode of working the iron, and oon-
7
eluded by giving an account of the present
condition of the iron trade in Dean Forest.
Eight blast furnaces are now at work in
the Forest, and are making upwards of
25,000 tons of the best iron annually.
Much of this is sent ofi" to most parts of
the kingdom to be mixed with other makes;
in fact, most iron foundries keep « stock
of pig-iron from this forest, since it pro-
duces a most beneficial effect when mixed
with other metal. Much, too, is used in
the neighbourhood itself for the manufac-
ture of wire and tin-plate. The iron mines
of the district exceed fifty in number.
The use of the blast furnace (at one time
fed entirely with charcoal, but for the last
sixty years with coke) has resulted in the
growing development of the Dean Forest
iron-works, and the increasing demand for
its coal, and to a corresponding preserva-
tion of its timber. The good people of
this forest are doing well, and expect to
be doing better every day. They are
surely prospering, and becoming more ac-
quainted with the appliances, conveni-
ences, and civilisations of life.
George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., thmi
read a memoir on
The Bohan Remains beobntlt Disco-
YEBED AT SeDBUBY, NEAB TiDENHAM.
The exact site was marked in the illus-
trative plan laid before the Congress, and
also in a plan drawn with reference to
other objects of antiquity, and contained
in vol. xxix. of the Archaologia, (1840,)
pi. II. p. 16. It lies between the tumulus
there indicated, which has been a fire-
beacon, and' the Sedbury Cliffs.
The cliffs, which form the barrier be-
tween this high platform and the Severn,
rise to the height of nearly two hundred
feet above its low water mark, and consist
of new red sandstone overlaid with lias
and transported red marl and gravel.
These beds are nearly horizontal, and
being almost unbroken by faults in the
part described, the lias clays formed a
natural reservoir and impounded the
water, previous to that recent drainage
which led to the discovery of the remains
described. A few years ago the acyoining
I860.]
Archaoloffical Institute, Gloucester.
281
fields, on the northerly side, were almost
impassable after heavy rains, and in earlier
days must have formed an absolute marsh,
affording a defence on the land side, as
the lofty precipices would give defence
towards the estuary. The oblong pa-
rallelogram, thus defended, would be di-
vided from this former marsh by two
small brooks which run northwards and
southwards, or nearly so, to deep dingles
at those extremities, and would complete
the defence of an elevated platform of
about twenty-six acres.
It could not be supposed that a con-
spicuous site, thus girt with communica-
tions, commanding a view of the greater
elevations from Bromsgrove to the Quan-
tock Hills, of the sesfcivan camps on the
Cotswold range in front, and of a vale
rich in the Roman settlements delineated
in Lysons' Woodchester Map, and of
every possible traject of the Severn es-
tuary, could be left unoccupied by the
neighbouring garrisons. It was therefore
no surprise, a few years ago, to discover
the remains of a kiln, between the tumu-
lus or beacon before mentioned and the
Sedbury cliffs, with its dilapidated walls
and fractured grinding stones, and very
numerous fragments of Roman pottery
lying near the general surface, or in the
excavated claypits marked in the plan
exhibited. But it was reserved for the
last autumn to make greater discoveries.
On opening drains to the depth of four
feet, in the grounds near the Clifb, to the
south of the tumulus before mentioned,
Roman pottery was discovered in each
successive cutting, in the lines marked on
the illustrative plan, at the points where
the excavations of recent drains crossed
the deeper ancient lines. The pottery,
hitherto found in these later excavations,
contains some cinerary vases, one of which
coincides with an engraved Cirencester
vase, but the greater part consists of am-
phonc, lagena), ollse, and mortaria in or-
dinary Roman ware, more or less frac-
tured, and also glazed red Samian with
the stamps of the makers. There are also
remains of lead, of ware repaired with
lead, coal, cinders of coal and of wood,
and glass. One square, defined by exca-
Qbjtt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
vated lines seventy yards in length on
each side, and exhibiting choicer remains
in its excavations, seems to have been an
inclosure set apart for superior occupants.
Various tiles have been found, accord-
ing exactly with those of Caerwent in
patterns, curves, and indentations, but as
no mortared foundations have been dis-
covered, it is conjectured that the soldiers
occupying the position, either occasionally
guarding the beacon and the look-out over
the passages, or using it, as is highly pro-
bable, for the purposes of Centra JEstiva
connected with Caerwent and its Legio
Augusta Secunda, had tents only. Such
temporary occupation for the purpose of
summer camps is well explained in Whita-
ker*8 " Manchester."
It may be better to recapitulate that
the defences of the area are the cliffs
towards the Severn, a former morass on
the land side, and steep slopes at each end.
On the summit of the southerly slope are
remains of a mound, which may either
have been an ancient territorial limit, or
relics of an earlier military one. The
northerly slope has been made much
steeper by artificial escarpments.
Examination may possibly be resumed
hereafter, the late shallow diggings having
been limited to the requirements of agri-
cultural improvements, but the results
may be one step towards commencing in-
vestigations on the Silurian side of the
sestuary, in extension of those which Mr.
Baker so successfully completed among
the opposite outposts of Britannia Prima.
The paper was illustrated, in addition
to the plan referred to, by two water-
colour drawings of the Roman pottery
which had been discovered.
After the reading of the papers, a large
party started to vi^t Goodrich Castle.
At Ross the party was divided into two,
one half proceeding to Gkx>drich in boats
down the Wye, notwithstanding the un-
favourable weather, the other half in car-
riages. All met at Goodrich Court, and
spent an hour or two very agreeably in
examining the fine collection of ancient
armour in the museum of the late Sir
Samuel Meyrick. By the time they had
Ll
382
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
finished at tbe Court, the weather had
cleared up, and they were able to walk to
the ruins of the old castle, about a mile
from the court. These are very fine ; the
walls are nearly perfect, tbougli the roofs
and floors are gone. There is a grnnd
Norman keep surrounded by tbe buildings
of the Edwardian castle, which enclose a
courtyard and the usual arrangements.
The entrance gatehouse is nearly perfect,
with the grooves for three portcullises in
succession, and with the foundations of the
barbican in front of it. Tbe chapel is in
a tower near the gatehouse. There are
two halls, one for the baron, the other for
the garrison, as in Chepstow, Conway, and
other instances. Also the prison tower
distinct from the keep, being one of the
Edwardian towers. These various fea-
tures were explained by Mr. Parker, and
some historical notes by the Rev. C. H.
Hartshome were read by the Rev. B.
Hill, the manager of the excursion. This
gentleman deserves more credit and thanks
than he usually receives. To arrange for
conveying a hundred people on an excur-
sion of this kind, by rail, by boats, and
carriages, and to keep them in order and
to their time for the trains, is no easy
matter. The party returned to Ross in
time to dine at the hotel there, which is
80 well known and celebrated for its fine
situation and splendid view: the after-
noon being fine and clear, they were able
to enjoy this in perfection.
Tuesday^ July 24. Visit to Sudsley
Cabtlb.
In the morning a paper was read, on
the progress of the Excavations at Wrox-
eter, by the Rev. H. M. Scarth, a subject
which will be found fully detailed in our
pages. The Rev. J. Bathurst Deane had
aldo prepared papers on various members of
the Deane Family, but the time permitted
only one of them to be read, that on —
Henbt Deitb, Pbiob op Llanthont,
Abohbishop op Cantbbbuby, &c
1461—1603.
According to Bacon, among the able
men who served Henry VI L was the Prior
of Llanthony. This prior whs Henry
Dcno, who saccessively became Bishop of
Bangor, Chancellor and Justiciary of
Ireland, Bishop of Salisbury, Lord High
Chancellor of England, and Archbishop of
Canterbury. The mirit which elevated
hiin to such high dignities must have
been great, for we do not find ihat either
by birth or connexion he enjoyed the
usual advantages of family interest. He
was not only an able, but a benevolent num.
He was said to have been bom near Qlou-
cester. A century after his ' death Sir
Richard Deane, Lord Mayor of London^
used (with the sanction of the Heralds'
College) the same arms as those borne by
the Prior of Llanthony, and was therefore
probably one of the same family. Sir
Richard Deane, and his con«n Admiral
Deane, the regicide, who accepted the
same coat of arms, were also Gloucester-
shire men, from the parish of Guiting
Power. There was an ancient family.
Dene, of Dene in the Forest of Dene^
settled at St. Briavel's Castle and its
vicinity from the time of Henry I. to
Edward III., when the last member came
to an untimely end by being involved in
the fate of the Despensers. The arms of
the Prior of Llanthony are still standing
at Llanthony, and those of the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury are impaled with
the see of Canterbury in the flooring of
the Lady -chapel in the cathedral, and in
1740 in the chambers of the Black Friars
and St. Mary de Lode. After tracing the
origin of these arms, and referring to
some other families of similar names to
the Deanes, the paper proceeded to detail
the origin and history of the Deane fsmily.
It then detailed the career of the Prior of
Llanthony, interesting extracts from an-
cient documents being quoted in illustra-
tion, and several historical fificts adverted
to and expliiined, the various nppointments
held by Henry Dene, and the dream*
stances which led to his occupation of
them being fully gone into; and con-
cluded by giving some particulars of his
rather remarkable will.
At the concluding meeting of the mem-
bers of the Institute held this morning for
election of memberi*, and the tranaaction
of matters connected with tbe arrange-
ments of the society, Peterborough was
I860.]
Archaeological Itutitute, Gloucester.
283
decided upon as the place of meeting in
the ensuing year; invitations had been
received from various other localities, as
Bury St. Edmunds, Aylesbury, Rochester,
Hereford, &c. A connderable number of
new members have joined the society
during the recent meeting, and were for-
mally elected on this day; among these
may be mentioned the Mayor of Glou-
c» ster, Thomas Gambler Parry, Esq., the
Rev. S. Lysons, Mrs. Wright Daniel, Lord
Henry Scott, Hubert Hutchmgs, Esq.,
Richard Helps, Esq., K. H. Fryer, Esq.,
Philip Davies Cooke, Esq, &c At the
close of the proceedings, Mr. J. H. Parker
brought before the meeting the proposed
demolition of the ancient chapel of St.
Mary Magdalen, Gloucester, now in a
dilapidated condition, and he advocated
its preservation as a relic of interest,
which might be rescued from decay by a
few judicious repairs, at no serious ex-
pense. A resolution was passed unani-
mously in favour of the preservation of
this relic, connected as it is with one of
the ancient charitable institutions of Glou-
cester in the middle ages. A similar reso-
lution was also carried in regard to the
ancient Guestcn Hall at Worcester, an
interesting portion of the conventual ar-
rangements, of which the demolition has
been proposed, as we have before men-
tioned % an act of Vandalism which the
Institute were very desirous to prevent.
When the reading of the papers was
concluded, a party of upwards of 100
started, on the invitation of J. C. Dent,
Esq., to visit Sudeley Castle. Twelve
carriages were provided at Cheltenham
for the conveyance of the party, which,
on the way to Sudeley, stopped to examine
the very interesting church at Bishop's
Clccve. The arches of the nave are seg-
mental and very wide, with Norman
mouldings, and rest on plain round piers
with late Norman capitals. Mr. Pnrker
thought these arches so unusually wide
for the style, that it was prob.ible two
small arches had been thrown into one,
a process which he had frequently seen
had been executed in other places. Pro-
• Oeht. Mao., July, 1860, p. 64; Aug., p. 189.
fessor Willis observed that had he seen
them a week earlier, he should probably
have agreed in the Eame opinion, but that
within the last three days, he had seen
wide segmental arches in the crypt of Glou-
cester Cathedral, in undoubted Norman
work, and as he could not see any marks
in the masonry to indicate such an altera-
tion, he thought that the use of segmental
arches at that period might be a pro-
vinciali9m, though it was certainly not
usual elsewhere. Mr. Parker called espe-
cial attention to the chamber over the
porch, which he said was a very peculiar
specimen of the residence of a recluse.
He must have been, he thought, a recluso
of some importance, otherwise the expense
of making a way to his chamber would
not have been incurred. This passage is
made from the west end of the church
over part of the south aisle, and has fan-
tracery vaulting under it. Mr. Parker also
called attention to a very beautifhl corbel-
table, and an old elm chest with three-
locks, hewn out of the solid wood. The
south door and west doorway were well
worthy of notice, the ornamentation of
them being of the transition-Norman style.
On a subsequent inspection of the hand-
some church of Winchoomb, Mr. Parker
stated that it was rebuilt during the time
of Henry VII. or VIII. The clergyman
took exception to this, maintainiug the
building to be two or three centuries
earlier. Mr. Parker, however, repUed that
he had examined the history of so many
churches that he could not well be mis-
taken in this date, and he felt assured
his statement was correct. The mem-
bers then examined the fragment of
a pall manufactured from some priests*
copes, and also a very beautiful piscina,
Mr. Parker also pointed out what he con-
sidered to be a reliquary, apparently to
contain a heart, but some of the party
difiercd fr>om this opinion, considering it
merely an ornament which had once be-
longed to the original church.
The examination of Sudeley Castle
proved a source of great interest to the
party, and their ei\]oyment was greatly
enhanced by the hospitality of Mr. Dentg
who provided them with a collation.
284>
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
ExciTESiON TO Chepstow jlkd Tintben.
Wednesday, July 25. This was con-
sidered an extra, or "ladies' day/' and,
by invitation from the Cott^wold Natu-
ralists' Field Clab, many members of the
Institute associated themselves with them
in an excursion to Chepstow, Tintern, and
other places of interest in that neighbour-
hood. Chepstow castle was first visited,
where Mr. Parker explained the more
noticeable features of that grand old ex-
ample of the fortified mansions of the
middle ages. He especially drew atten-
tion to the vaulted apartment which
was formerly used as the storehouse
of the castle, pointing out the means
of communication with the water below,
where a small creek or inlet for boats
afforded easy access for the heavy pack-
ages, which were thus readily hoisted
up. A staple still in its place in the floor
shewed where the ropes for that purpose
were attached. Mr. Parker took advantage
of the occasion to make reference to a
similar vaulted apartment under the Fleece
Inn, in Gloucester, which has hitherto been
considered by local antiquaries to have been
the crypt of St. Mary de Grace Church,
supposed formerly to have stood upon that
spot. This, he believed, was a mistake, the
vaulted apartment in question, which dates
from the twelfth century, being in fact an
ancient cellar or store attached to a mer-
chant's house. Similar subterranean apart-
ments, vaulted after the same fashion, were,
he said, in common use in former days, of
which he instanced examples as existing
still at Bristol, Chester, and elsewhere.
The peculiarities of construction and ar-
rangement in the hall and chapel of the
castle gave rise to an animated discussion,
drawing forth many interesting and in-
structive remarks.
The next point visited was the very re-
markable and perplexing remains at Coed
Ithel, in the village of Liandogo, situated
about a mile and a half beyond Tintern.
Tliese singular vestiges are apparently of
very ancient construction, and consist of a
smelting furnace, which, with its platform,
is still in a state of wonderful preservation.
This is connected with massive walls, trace-
able for three or four hundre'l yards, pierced
by an entrance, to which acces* is given by
a paved way. At right angles to this line
of wall runs another of extraordinary
strength and solidity, formed of blocks of
masonry, rudely squared, but admirably
fitted together, and bearing altogether,
from its massiveness and Cyclopean cha-
racter, the impress rather of Roman work,
than of that of a later period. This wall
attracted great attention, and many and
various were the opinions respecting its
date and purpose — some attributing to it
a Roman, some a British, and some a Me*
diseval origin. The latter impression,
however, appeared ultimately to prevail,
though for what purpose these perplexing
walls were erected remained to the last
inexplicable. This locality, which was first
brought into notice a few months since by
a member of the Cotteswold Club, is de-
serving of more prolonged study than
casual visitants could bestow, and would
repay careful investigation.
Tintern was next visited, afler which
the party dined together at the George
Hotel, Chepstow, Captain Guise, President
of the Cotteswold Club, in the chair.
On Thursday, July 26, the greater part
of the members had quitted Gloucester,
but a party was formed of those still re-
maining, and an expedition, accompanied
by the Rev. S. Lysons, the Rev. C. Y.
Crawley, and other gentlemen connected
with Gloucester, was made to the excava-
tions at Wroxeter. On reaching Shrews-
bury, the visitors were warmly welcomed
by Dr. Henry Johnson, secretary to the
Excavations Committee in that town ; and
they proceeded forthwith to the British
Pompeii to examine the results of the re-
cent explorations, carried oat so success-
fully under the able directions of Mr.
Thomas Wright and Dr. Johnson. The
curious market-place, the extensive esta-
blishment of baths, the singular furnace
lately found, supposed to have been the
workshop of an enameller, or worker in
metal, wore examined with much interest*
but we shall speak next month of all
these matters in our report of the more
recent visit of the British ArchsBological
Association to the same spot, and may
therefore here close our narrative of the
Gloucester Congress.
I860.]
285
KENT ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Aug, 1, 2. The annual meeting was
held at Dover, under the presidency of
the Mabqu£S8 Camden, K.G. The attend-
ance was large, including very many
ladies, and comprised, among others, the
noble President, and the Ladies Pratt, the
Rev. Jermyn Pratt, the Earl Stanhope,
Sir Walter and Lady Caroline Stirling,
Hon. J. M. O. Byng, the Rev. Dr. Plump-
tre (Master of University College, Oxford),
the Rev. Dr. Cardwell (Principal of St.
Alban's Hall, Oxford), Mr. and Miss Card-
well, Sir Walter James, Bart., the Hon.
Mrs. Devereux and Miss Annesley, Edward
Husscy, Esq., and the Hon. Mrs. Husseyt
Sir Charles Locock, Bart., Lady and the
Misses Mansel, J. C.Ottaway, Esq. (Mayor
of Dover), and Mrs. Ottaway, Major-Gen.
Craufurd, Colonel Cuppage, R.A., Colonel
Stotherd, R.E., Colonel Bingham, C.B.,
and Mrs. Bingham, Colonel Cator, Colonel
Hammond, Captain Simmons, R.N., Cap-
tain Belfield, Charles Wykeham Martin,
Esq., James 'Espinasse, Esq., G. Warde
Norman, Esq., Canon Stone, Canon Robert-
son; the Revs. W. M. Smith-Marriott,
James Eveleigh, R. P. Coates, Lambert
Larking, John Puckle, C. Hawley, R.
Drake, Ed. Boys, D. Winham, W. J.
Edge ; Edward Foss, A. Poynter, W. Clay-
ton, H. B. Mackeson, and Coles Child,
Esqrs.; Captain Cox, &c
On the first day, the business was
opened at the Apollonian HalL After
some letters apologizing for absence, the
report was read by the hon. secretary, the
Rev. Lambert B. Larking, which stated
that since the meeting last year the num-
ber of members elected had increased from
660 to 819. At the bankers the Society
had a balance of £264, and stock amount-
ing to £252 had been purchased in the
Three per Cents. Unavoidable delays, for
which neither contributors of papers nor
the editorial committee were responsible,
had prevented the issue of the second
volume of the Society, but they were pro-
mised that in another month it would be
in the hands of the members. A feeling
allusion was made to the death of W.
Rolfe, Esq., of Sandwich.
Mr. Savage and Mr. Dudlow were re-
elected auditors. Six members of the
council were selected for retirement, ac-
cording to the rules of the Society, and
three new members, viz., J. Brent, Esq.,
jun., Stacey Grimaldi, Esq., and the Rev.
E. H. Lee, were elected. Of the retiring
members, E. Hussey, Esq., Sir Walter
James, Bart., and Charles Mercer, Esq.,
were re-elected.
Twenty -three new members were then
added to the society, and the meeting
broke up, some visiting the Castle, while
another party proceeded to the remains
of St. Martin's Priory.
DoYEB Castle.
The Vicar of St. Mary's gave an out-
line of the antiquarian interest of the spot,
in a lecture that may be thus briefly
summed up : — Taking it in order of time,
the pharos, the most ancient relic, was
simply a matter for ocular inspection ; the
rough massive tower, up to the (Tudor) oc-
tagon built upon it, — the blocks of tu&, of
which abundance yet lies in the valley be-
low,— the distinctive Roman tile, kneaded,
baked, and grooved for horizontal bond-
ing, and rising in measured courses, — all
telling their own tale. It had been sup-
posed to have been once a much larger
work, and the edifice in which they stood
to have been built of the displaced mate-
rial; but a better acquaintance with the
actual materials gave evidence against
such theory. Next of the ancient church.
Its foundations, well examined, clearly
argued a fabric antecedent to the exist-
ing one; carrying our thoughts back to
a British church, as first possessor of the
spot. Then came its Anglo-Saxon days,
of which there were many primitive fea-
tures, in their manifest identity, laid open
to their eyes ; the south door of the nave,
the jambs of a low but exactly similar
doorway in the north transept, and certun
windows both in the south transept and
chancel, pointing satisfactorily not only to
portions, but to the whole, of that im-
pressive fabric as the work of Eadbald
the Saxon. Over these ag^ain, the shafts
286
Antiquarian and literary Intelligencer.
[Sept,
and groin-springings in the tower, the
altered lancet windows, sedile and pis-
cina in the chancel, shewed what had heen
done in the beautiful Early English period
of Henry III. ; while an otherwise unac-
countable opening in the west wall con-
nected itself curiously with the castle
statutes of Sir Stephen de Pencestre ; and
the very exceptionally placed altar ap-
pendages at the south-east angle of the
nave as remarkably illustrating the mili-
tary services as celebrated in that place
by the canons, llien followed the ancient
lines of the Saxon fortress ; its defences,
canons' court, original (Colton's) gate, and
Earl Godwin's tower. Next, the vastly
augmented sweep of the Norman defences,
the three curious guard-towers before the
church mound, (late victims of modem en-
gineering) ; then the whole array of the
towers of the confederate knights, with
memorials of the repulsed siege of the
Dauphin of France, in the last days of
King John ; and spots associated with the
old customs and statutes of the castle.
Lastly, there was the inner circle of de-
fences, offices, hall, and king's gate, ga-
thered round the lofty mass of the keep
itself, which was compared in structure
and members with the stately remains of
Bishop Gundulph's work at Rochester;
and, after a conjecture at the probable
truth about the beautiful Norman relic
on the great stairs, popularly called King
John's chapel, there remained only to
notice the leading historical memories of
that keep, from the visit of Henry II. on
his way to Nantes, down to the ill-fated
reception there by Charles I. of Henrietta
Maria of France. It was then intimated
that this outline, more especially as re-
garded the Anj^lo-Saxon rhnrch of St.
Mary-in-the-Castk*, would by-and-bye be
expanded into a more carefully onsidered
and illustrated document, for this use of
the Society, an^l the public who might be
interedted therein.
St. Martin's Puiory.
The Rev. Dr. Plumptrc, who ncted ns
guide, stated that he first became ac-
quainted with these remains in the year
1S45. Ue had devoted much attention
to the subject, and had sncceeded in mak-
ing a correct plan, not only of the charch,
but of the refectory and other build-
ings. The walls of the church were evi*
dently constructed of rubble and Kent-
ish rag, together with finely wrought
Caen stone; the edifice itself was 28&
feet long, and consisted of a nave, two
side aisles, and a chancel, with a transept
crossing the nave and aisles at about 146
feet from the western entrance; there
were also two small round chapels at the
entrance to the chancel; at the north
extremity of the transept there had been
a chapter-house, 54 feet long by 20 wide.
Nine arches, each 15 feet wide, on pillars,
had divided the aisles from the nave, (33
feet wide) ; the bases of these pillars were
about 5 feet square, and in digging about
the foundations to ascertain these mea*
surements, a great number of stones were
found, which, when put together, formed
the segment of a circle corresponding with
a base of about 5 feet. At the upper
extremity of the nave he found a chancel
or choir 40 feet long and about 29 feet
wide. It was true that the former use
of many of the places to which he was
directing attention could only be gathered
from analogy, but he felt no hesitation in
declaring that they stood in the largest
and most perfect refectory hall in Eng-
land; it was 100 feet long, and thej
would observe in its walls that the Caen
stone was used in common with the other
materials he had mentioned. It was
doubtless of the Anglo-Norman period;
and what he had at the first been in-
duced to regard as red brick he had since
determined must have been the result of
a fire, similar traces existing in Can-
terbury Cathedral and Gloncester Cathe-
dral, which they were well aware had
been burnt; indeed, there was an entry
in the Monasticon which proved that
these ravages were the work of an in-
cendiary. Archbishop Corboil, in 1132,
obtained a grant from Henry I. of the
revenues of the monastery of St. Martin's-
Ic-Orand at Dover, and ertcted no doubt
tlie monastery or priory, on the site of
which they stood. Traces of paintiug^s
had been d'scovercd on the waUs^ and
J 860.]
JTen^ Archaohgical Society.
287
beneath the windows might bo distin-
guished the outlines of several beads,
each head being surrounded by a nimbus,
but the subject of the painting bo had
failed to discover.
Tliere was another building, which ho
inferred had been the bakehouse or brew-
house, but it was possible that it might
have been the guest-house, built apart
from the dwelling of the monks. When
he first saw it, horses, straw, and farm
implements and produce occupied its space,
but it had been sufficiently cleared out
for their reception that day. Here the
Early EngUsh st^le was apparent; and
at one end was an immense fireplace, now
bricked up.
Some of the party then proceeded to
the Maison Dieu, where it had been
intended that the meeting should be held,
but the building is still under repair, and
in the absence of the architect (Mr. Bar-
ges) through illness, who had promised a
lecture, there was little to detain them.
• It was seen with satisfaction that the work
is being carried on with vigour, and in
correct taste.
The dinner was held at the Wellington
Hall, the Marquess Camden in the chair.
The usual loyal and complimentary toasts
were given and duly honoured, but call
for no particular remark, except in one
instance. Earl Stanhope, in proposing
the health of the noble Chairman, made a
remarkable statement, which we repro-
duce. His lordship said : —
" If they looked at the study of archsB-
ology they would, he thought, be struck
with the fact of how many studies and
sciences are apparently not at all con-
nected with it, and may yet be brought to
promote its object. Thus photography is
chiefly known as giving us representations
either of the human countenance, and of
such blooming specimens of it as he had
the pleasure to see around him, or of
some venerable church or castle, such as
those they had been visiting that day.
But it was not known how much photo-
graphy could efiect for archaeological dis-
covery, and of this he felt inclined to
relate in detail a carious instance con-
nected, as it proved, with our own English
history. The noble Earl then alluded to a
gigantic statue of a lion, which in early
ages stood in a prominent place in the
Pirajus, which was called, from it, Porto
Leone, but which the Venetians;, who
conquered Attica, afterwards removed to
Venice, iu 1687. On the sides of this
ancient piece of sculpture was a Runic in-
scription in Norwegian characters, which
had of late years excited the cariosity of
antiquaries. Many of the letters, how-
ever, were so worn by the lapse of time,
or from rough usage in the removal of the
figure, that it was found impossible to
make out the meaning of the inscription.
At this critical juncture a Danish pro-
fessor of high reputation. Professor Rain,
bethought him that he woald call in the
aid of a skilfxd photographer, and he em-
ployed him to take the obliterated letters
at difierent hours of the day, when the
shadows cast by the sun indicated the
direction which the original letters had
taken. This singular experiment was con-
tinued for several weeks, and with the most
triumphant success, for, according to the
volume which had reached him from Co-
penhagen, the old Norwegian characters
on the lion appeared to be completely
re-established. Now we derived from this
discovery an extraordinary fiict, that con-
trary to any preconceived idea, these
characters bore an indirect relationship to
English history. His lordship proceeded
to explain how this came about, by Re-
marking that it ajtpeared that the charac-
ters had been engraved by order of Harold,
sumamed the Tall. This Harold in his
youth had served in the Northern or
Varangian Guard of the Emperor of Con-
stantinople, and had been sent to Attica
to quell a disturbance. It was in allusion
to this visit that the iucription was
engraved. But thirty years later Harold
the Tall invaded England, and was com-
pletely defeated at Stanford Bridge, on
the Derwent. Harold having asked what
lan<fi in England W(/uId be ceded to him
if he made peace, was met by the sig-
nificant reply that he should have seven
feet of EngUsh larth, or perhaps, as he
was a giant, might receive a few inches
more. He (the noble Earl) asked whether
that was not an interesting recdi-d of the
value of archoBological discoveries, and of
the assistance which the arts and sciences
were capable of aflfording it. In conclu-
sion, he said he thought he could not
better respond to this toast than by giving
expression not merely to a few general
thoughts upon the advantages that science
may afford, but by placing before them
an exact account of the discovery which
an eminent man of Denmark had lately
achieved, and which in a most unex-
pected manner had tended to give elucl-
^88
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
dation to matters connected with one
of the moet interesting epochs of our
history."
In the evening, a Conversazione was
held in the Apollonian Hall, when the
Rev. W. J. Edge, Vicar of Benenden, read
a paper furnished hy Mr. Elphee, of Rol-
venden, on the discovery by him of a
.supposed Danish vessel in the original
channel of the Rother, in the year 1820;
the paper was accompanied by a lithogra-
phic representation of the vessel and its
various antiquities. It is believed that a
second vessel is still imbedded near the
same spot, and the sum of £5 was at once
subscribed in the hall for the purpose of
an investigation : —
"The length of the vessel found was
63 ft. 8 in. ; her width over the main-beam
14 ft. 3 in. She was a decked vessel
with bulwarks, and * tide-pegs* in 'wash-
streaks,' as though oars were occasionally
used. On the deck two human skulls
were found; and in other parts of the
vessel were afterwards discovered several
human bones, and the remains of animals,
pipnounced to be the bones of a goat, a
dog, and a bear. Two years afterwards,
on removing part of the river-wall, another
skeleton was found. On the afler-deck
was a wiiidlass, and under the windlass a
pair of sandals ; in the cabin was a coil of
rope, apparently in such good preservation,
that, on first touching it, the tar stuck to
my hands, but, on exposure to the air, as
it dried it crumbled to dust. In the cabin
was a fireplace, with small figured paving-
tiles at the bottom, with an iron grate and
a gridiron by the side of it : the grate re-
sembled those still in use on board vessels,
and the gridiron was precisely like those
of the present day. An iron lock was
found in the hold, and a stone jug in the
cabin ; a piece of brass tap was also dis-
covered; in the cabin was a steel for
striking a light, a piece of flint lying be-
side it. A leaden octangular plummet, a
leathern ink horn, a pair of *cAnhooks,*
two earthenware pots or vessels, apparently
used for cooking, (the soot coming off when
I touched them,) were also found. On the
same shelf we found a sword-handle and
an hour-glass; and on the sand at the
bottom of the cabin were very plain im-
pressions of bed-clothes, which were quite
destroyed by time. The vessel, when dis-
covered, lay obliquely across the bed of the
river, her bows on the Sussex and her stem
on the Kentish side."
8
This paper was followed by one by the
Rev. Lambert B. Larking, on Precaatioiui
against Invasion taken in the Reign of
Elizabeth, which was made to bear on the
Volunteer movement, and was very favour-
ably received.
The walls of the hall were covered with
rubbings of brasses (mostly Kentish),
designs for painted windows for the
Maison Dieu, plans illustrative of the
remains of St. Martin's, &c.; but the
chief attractions were found in the
a(\joining room, which was fitted up
as a museum, and exhibited a sing^arly
rich and various collection of antiquities.
Roman and Saxon pottery and glass, gold
omamenta and weapons of every age,
Charles I.'s gold tooth-pick and case, and
the ribbon of his George, which he gave
to Col. Tomlinson on the scaffold, a snuff'-
box presented by the same monarch to
Judge Twisden, the regalia of the Dover
corporation (given to them by Charles
II.), the original charters of the Maiaon
Dieu (from the Surrenden collection), a
fine collection of the seals of the Cinque
Ports and their limbs **, and, not the least
curious, a great number of ancient dice,
formed of horses' teeth ground down into
rough cubes, found near Faversham and
other haunts of the Norsemen, and bear-
ing a striking testimony to the love of
gaming usually attributed to them. Such
were some of the treasures that the inde-
fatigable Local Committee had collected.
Aug, 2. The Marquess Camden took the
chair at the Apollonian Hall, at ten, and
Dr. Plumptre read a paper and t-xhibitcd
sketches relating to St. Martin's; the
Rev. Dr. Cardwell had prepared a paper
on the place of Caesar's landing, but de-
clined to read it lest it should interfere
with the various excursions proposed for
the rest of the day. Accordingly the
meeting broke up, after warm expressions
^ These were exhibited by George T. Thomp»
■on, £^., Coroner of the Cinque Ports, the tm-
fortunate gentleman who lost his life Just a week
after, by the bursting of a gun at the ArebcUiT
Fort. lie was a lieutenant in the Dover Volunteer
Artillery Corps. We trusi to be enabled shortly
to lay a memoir of the Umented deceased before
our readers.
I860.]
Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society.
289
of thanks to the noble Chairman, the Hon.
Secretary, the exhibitors, &c, and, being
favoured by the weather, parties were soon
on their way to the spots selected. Some
went to St. Badegnnd's Abbey and Alk-
ham, with Dr. Plumptre, others to the
church of St. Margaret-at-Cliffe ; bat the
larger number proceeded to Barfreston
and Coldred; the Eev. F. T. Scott, of Sib-
bertswold, acted as their guide, and in
passing over Sibbertswold down, he paused
to give a brief lecture on the discoveries
formerly made ther^ and recorded in
Bryan Faussett's Inventorium Sepulchrale*
LINCOLN DIOCESAN ARCHITECTUKAL SOCIETY.
June 7 and 8. The annual meeting was
held at Worksop, under the presidency of
the Right Hon. C. Tennyson D'Eyncourt,
and was very well attended. The pro-
ceedings commenced with a public break-
fast at the Lion Hotel at eight a.m. on
June 7, after which there was divine ser-
vice in the Abbey Church. At the con-
clusion of the prayers, the history and
features of the Priory Church and Gate-
house were most ably given by the Bev.
E. Trollope, M.A., F.S.A. The company
then proceeded in vehicles on an excursion
to Bolsover, passing in their way Steetley
aud Whit well, which were ably described
by the Secretary, (Rev. E. Trollope). The
Norman chapel at Steetley, Mr. Trollope
said, would serve as an excellent model for
arcbitects who wished to erect a church
of the same size and style, as a better does
not exist in England. The date of this
beautiful gem he fixed at from 1120 to
1130. It originally belonged to the Va-
vasours, afterwards to the fiunily of Fresh-
ville, but it eventually became part of the
Worksop estate. It belonged many years
to the Duke of Norfolk, but was now the
property of the Duke of Newcastle. There
had been a burying-ground as well as a
chapel, but the latter had been disused
since 1370. At the east end was a beauti-
ful vaulted apse, in the boss of which is a
pretty little medallion of the Holy Lamb.
There are traces of painting on the arch,
which at one time fell in, and was rebuilt
precisely as it existed before. On the
capitals of the pillars are the signs of the
zodiac, St. George and the Dragon, and
other early work, which was more common
in France than in England. Of St. Law-
rence's Church, Whitwell, Mr. Trollope
said that several parts belonged to the
first quarter of the twelfth century. It
Gent. Mas. Voi.. CCIX.
contuns, however, several Norman traces,
such as the doorway and corbel-table with-
out and the chancel-arch within. He
directed attention to the founder's tomb^
and to that of Sir Boger Manners, whose
virtues are thus quaintly rehearsed i—-
" A living academic was this knight^
Divinity, the arts, the toimgs, what might
In learned schools exactly be profest.
Took np their lodginge in his noble breste ;
Till death, like church despoflers, did puU downe
Manners' true fabrique of the arts renoone."
Becently a fragment (^the Norman church
tympanum, a very singular relic, has been
dug up, and was exhibited to the exour*
sionists.
The party was received at Bolsover
by the Bev. John Hamilton Gray, who
occupies the fine old Norman keep *. The
scenery around the castle i» surpassingly
beautiful, comprising an extensive range
of Derbybhire hills, skirting the vale of
Scarsdale; but owing to the unfavourable
weather, it was seen to great disadvan*
tage, and very few ventured upon the
roof. The riding-house, so well known
from the Duke of Newcastle's work on
horsemanship, was an object of great in*
terest. The splendid room, called the Star*
chamber, the vaulted rooms» and cellar
kitchens underneath, were successively ex-
plored, and the store of curiosities, with
which every room was crowded, were ex?
amined with as much interest and atten*
tion as the limited time would allow of.
After spending an hour and a-half in in-
jecting the castle, the pt^rty proceeded
to Bolsover Church, and from thence, by
Scarcliff and Cuckney to Welbeck Abbey,
where they saw the magnificent works
* Upon this point see notice of White's Pho-
tographic Handbook to the Antiquities of Work*
sop and its Neighbourhood, Gx^cr. Mao., Sept.
1860, p. 308.
Hm
290
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
now in progress by his Qrace the Doke of
Portland. They returned to their head-
qoarters at Worksop to dinner. At eight
o'clock the party assembled in the Com
Exchange^ the g^eat room of which was
fitted up as a temporary museum, which
was crowded with curious and costly arti-
cles of antiquity and vertu, supplied by
the members of the Association, and by
the nobility and gentry of the neighbour-
hood of Worksop. Besides the members
of the Diocesan Architectural Association,
the evening meeting was attended by a
large concourse of the principal families
in and near Worksop, so that there were
about four hundred persons assembled.
The Right Hon. Mr. Tennyson D*Eyn-
oourt was requested to take the chair. A
deputation of the principal inhabitants of
Worksop was introduced, headed by Mr.
Hemming, agent to the Duke of New-
castle, who presented an address of wel-
come to the Association, which was duly
responded to by the Rev. Mr. Trollope,
the Secretary. The Chairman then called
upon the Rev. John Hamilton Gray, who
read an essay on the History of Bolsover
Castle from the Conquest down to the
Present Time, which was received with
much approbation. The Rev. E. TroUope
was next called upon, who read an essay
on Monastic (Gatehouses and on the Right
of Sanctuary, which was equally well re-
ceived. The subjects of these two treatises
were peculiarly appropriate; the one re-
lating to the remarkable feudal fastness
which had been the principal object of
that day's tour, and the other calling at-
tention to some curious particulars of the
ancient monastic system, and more espe-
cially to the very perfect specimen of a
monastic gatehouse preserved in Worksop.
The meeting broke up about ten o'clock.
June 8. The members and their friends
visited Thorpe Salvin, St. John's, and
Laughton churches, and Roche Abbey,
which were all described by Mr. TroUope.
Thorpe Salvin he stated to be a Norman
fabric, the doorway being of the date of
1140. The pointed arch in the tower was
said to be well worthy of observation.
The south side of the nave was of the
fifteenth century. The font in the chancel
was one of the most remarkable in Eng-
land, and many different interpretations
of its rich sculptures had been hazarded.
One compartment represented the sacra-
ment of baptism, and in other parts were
emblems of the four seasons, pointing also
to the difisrent periods of human life ; but
there was greater difficulty in the inter-
pretation of the remaining devices, one of
which was emblematical of the Holy
Trinity, others set forth the occupations
of the various months, and bore the signs
of the zodiac.
The melancholy con<Ution of the small*
ancient, and dilapidated church of St.
John was freely commented upon. The
chief architectural features were a good
Norman doorway and porch, and the
chancel and aisle, which were of Early
English work, the remainder of the fabric
being Perpendicular. There were several
sepulchral memorials, one an extraordinary
specimen, dated about 1280. The pews
were of the most clumsy kind imagin-
able, black, dirty, insect-eaten, and almost
tumbling to pieces, while the fioor was
composed of mother earth; but all this
was an improvement upon the aspect of
the interior about two years previously.
Then it was far more unclean, and bore
the appearance of a neglected hovel; fowls
had free access then, broken eggs and
other refuse bearing evidence of the sort
of care bestowed upon the house of God,
in which service is now performed once a
month in summer ! Mr. TroUope said he
was glad to announce that, from a conver-
sation he had recently been fiivoured with,
arrangements would shortly be made to
put the church into a state of proper
repair.
Laughten-en-le-Morthen (i.e. Lightning-
in-the-Moming) is a church of very fine
proportions, and it is situated on an emi-
nence from which an uneqnaUed prospect
of the Yorkshire and Derbyshire hills is
obtained. It is one of the few Yorkshire
churches which is graced by a spire. The
doorway and north-western end is all that
remains of the original structure, which
belonged to the Saxon period. The greater
part of the bmlding belonged to the late
I860.] Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
291
decorative period, (probably about 1380,)
of which the north aisle and the arches
of the sonthem arcade were good speci-
mens. There was formerly a chantry at
the eastern extremity of the north aisle,
which would account for the great height
of the east window. After visiting a re-
markable earthwork in the neighbourhood
of the church, the party proceeded to
Koche Abbey, where Dr. Aveling of Shef-
field read a paper on excavations lately
made there, and Mr. Trollope described
the Ghitehouse.
In the evening the public dinner of the
Association took place in the Com Ex-
change, after which the party adjourned
to the Museum, the contents of which
formed the subject of an able and interest-
ing lecture by the Rev. Edward Trollope ;
and the proceedings closed with the cus-
tomary votes of thanks.
SOCIETY OF AKTIQUAEIES, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
July 4 At the monthly meeting in the
Castle, John Hoi>asoN Hindb, Esq., V.-P.,
in the chair, Mr. White read the following
notes on the Catrail : —
" Being in Scotland about a week ago,
I called on Mr. Fisher, the able editor of
the 'Border Advertiser,' and he accom-
panied me to the Catrail, where its remains
are best seen on the farm of Rink, lying
between the river Tweed and the stream
of Gala in Selkirkshire. Where that an^
cient barrier has passed along the brow of
a hill, it is scarcely visible ; but, when con-
tinned up or down an eminence, it is still
shewn very clearly. Unfortunately, the
portion we saw in one place had a stone
wall upon it, and was partly filled with
rubbish ; while the other portion had been
subjected for some time to the action of
the plough and harrow. It appears to
have consisted of a fosse or ditch, nearly
twenty-four feet wide, by about ten feet
deep; and the earth thrown out at each
side was formed into ramparts of defence.
Sir Walter Scott, when hunting, in his
early days, once caused his horse to leap
the old line, which strained and shook the
poet very severely. From its position, it
had been made to defend the {feople living
on its western side against the attacks of
their eastern enemies, in the same way as
our Roman Wall was erected to ward off
the ancient Britons of the North. Near
to it — chiefly on the west — are the traces
of a number of camps, which are still
visible by large quantities of stones, strewn
in circles of various sizes. Of these, one of
the most remarkable crowns the summit
of a small hill, in view of the lands of Ab-
botsford. A large ditch, even more deep
and wide than that of the Catrail, sur-
rounds it, and, being circular, it is nearly
one hundred yards in diameter. On the
inner edge of this fosse, a stone wall, ten
or twelve feet wide, and of considerable
height, bad been built all around. No
lime appears to have been used, but the
stones partly fallen into the ditch are lying
there in the same position, and in such
profusion as if they had never been dis-
turbed since the fortress was thrown down.
Traces of buildings are seen everywhere in
the centre, which is nearly level, save that
it slopes slightly to the east, llie entrance,
like that of the other camps near the place,
is also on the eastern side, through which
those within could see their enemies more
readily, and advance directly upon them.
Fortunately for the preservation of this
interesting relic of antiquity, it has been
planted over with trees, an^ as these are
now g^wing to a goodly taxe, a long period
may probably elapse before it be broken
up and subjected to the levelling processes
of agriculture. For many miles around,
especially to the south-east, and even on
Eildon Hills,— the Tri Montem of the
Romans, — extensive works of defence have
been constructed, the mounds of which are
still perceptible ; but this is the most per-
fect of any I ever beheld."
Mr. Cla} ton exhibited a plan by Mr.
CouIbou of the Roman bridge at Cilnrnum
as far as the recent excavations already
justify. Mr. Coulson plans the bridge as
presenting an angle to the road, but as in
a line with the wall, and at right angles
with the stream, the wall touching the
abutment in its slanted portion, and being
in a line with the points of the piers. The
river has receded westward; and on the
east the foundations of another pier hav^
been found, on the present water-lines, ai
well as those of the eastern abutment, which
is now in a plantation. This eastern abut-
ment presents a smaller one inside of it^
like an earlier structure ; but this is doubt-
ful, as it has an inclination from north to
292
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Sept.
south, similar to that of the larger one.
This joint abutment also dips from east to
west. Mr. Coulson supposes that these
dips were intentional, to cause the lead to
run, which appears in grooves, following
the margin. There is a small chamber in
this abutment, with three distinct layers
of black ashes. The vallum near the river
-has been filled with stones, at what period
is uncertain. An unsatisfactory fragment
of an inscription, and a few poor coins,
have turned up. The excavations are not
complete.
Mr. Longstaffe exhibited a bird's-eye
view of Pontefract Castle, the "Key of
the North," in its former state, with the
Parliamentary line of beueging works in
J.648. The view belongs to Lord Galway,
and has been entrusted to the Surtees
Society to be engraved as aa illustration
of Drake's diary of the siege of 1645. Mr.
Longstaffe made some comparisons with
the present appearance of the vast fortress,
and stated bis interest on observing among^
the remains the sculptured arms of the un-
fortunate owner, the Eari of Lancaster, who
fell in his opposition to Edward IL
Dr. Charlton presented a truly curious
spearhead of iron, found about two feet un-
derground at Borrowton, in North North-
umberland. The exterior of the circular
socket is richly inlaid with silver filagpree
work, in vertical compartments, of a de-
sign in which lozenges filled with smaller
lozenges by diagonally crossing lines, and
a sort of scroll-work, predominate.
The Chairman said he would venture to
speak heresy, and rejoice that a few relics
were sometimes found in his county which
were not Roman.
SURTEES SOCIETY.
June 18. The annual meeting was held
at the Castle of Durham, the Yen. Aboh-
PBACON Thorpe in the chair.
The accounts of the year were in a most
satisfactory state, it appearing that, after
all obligations had been discharged, £160
would remain in the hands of the treasurer,
llie secretary, the Rev. James Rune, re-
ported that a volume of Miscellanies was
nearly ready for issue. A second volume
of "Durham Wills" was also in prepa-
ration. Mr. Raine stated that he had
looked into the Depositions of the North -
em Counties, which were preserved at
York, and found them highly interesting.
They did not go further back than the
times of the Commonwealth; but they
contained all the various depositions taken
before the county magistrates in cases of
importance. Many of the events thus
elucidated were highly romantic, and g^ve
a very striking picture of life upon the
Borders down to a comparatively recent
period* It was resolved, if access to the
documents was permitted, of which no
doubt was entertained, that a volume of
extracts fi'om them be printed, and that
Mr. Raine be requested to undertake the
editorship. The subject of the Lindisfkme
Gospels was next discussed. This is a
MS. containing the Gospels in Saxon,
as they were used by the ancient Church
in Holy Island. The eminent Saxon scho-
lar. Dr. Bosworth, has been communicated
with, and he had expressed his willingness
to edit the publication of at least one of
the Gospels, as soon as his other engage-
ments would allow. This, it is expected,
will form one of the publications of next
year. A variety of documents respecting
Fountains Abbey, now preserved at Ripon
and other places, will also be prepared for
publication at no distant date. In con-
sequence of the decease of the late patron
of the Society, Bishop Maltby, it was una-
nimously resolved to request the Duke of
Northumberland to accept of the vacant
office.
.I860.] 298
C0ries(jpontrntce oi ^elbantttl sarlban.
^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless offreeahle, for
publication, hut in order that a copy of the Gentleman's Magazhtb containing
their Communications may he forwarded to themJ]
A WESTMINSTER FABRIC ROLL OF 1253.
Mr. Urban, — Among the records deposited in the Public Record Office,
one has been lately discovered by Mr. Burtt, entitled " A Roll of Payments
of Wages, and of Purchases for the Works at Westminster, 37 Henry IIL,"
which, by the courtesy of Mr. G. G. Scott*, I have had the opportunity of
examining. It is so perfect a specimen of this class of documents that
I venture to hope that the following account of its contents may interest
your readers.
It contains the entire accounts of the building works during thirty-
two continuous weeks, beginning with the first week after Easter, which
in that year, 1253, fell on April 20; consequently the works in question
began on Monday, April 28, and the last week of the roll ended with Satur-
day, December 6. The account for each week is complete in itself, but no
day of the month is mentioned, neither are the weeks numbered continu-
ously, although for convenience I shall designate them as if they had been.
The first six weeks are indicated as first, second, &c., after Easter (Ebd'
prima post Pasch' . . .) The seventh week was Whitsun week, and
was evidently kept as a holiday, but is not mentioned in the roll; the
week next following the sixth after Easter, being termed the first after
Pentecost, is thus actuaUy the eighth week from the beginning of the
account roll. This enumeration continues to the fifteenth week, which is
termed the eighth after Pentecost. The sixteenth week begins a new
series, termed the first, second, &c., '* after the agreement for wages for
eight weeks," (Ebd* prima post pacacione^ stipendior' pro viii*° Ebd'.)
This enumeration continues through twelve weeks, and carries us to the
end of the twenty-seventh week of the roll. The twenty-eighth is termed
the first week after the feast of All Saints, and the succeeding the second,
third, &c., concluding with the " Ebdomada v**," or thirty-second week
of the whole, which closes the account.
At the head of each week one or more saints' days are sometimes men-
tioned in a peculiar manner. Thus, to begin, the complete title of the first
week is, —
" Ebd' prima post Pasch' continente festum Apostol. Philip' et Jaoobi p' die* Jovis
quod est d'ni Regis et festa' Inventionis S^' Crucis p' die SaV quod est cem'tar*."
• See Qbkt. Mag., Jane, 1860, p. 584^ and July, p. 38.
^ Pacatio .... pactam, conventio. — Ducange,
294 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; [Sept.
' First week after Easter, containing the feast of the Apostles Philip and
James on Thursday, which belongs to the King, and the feast of the Inven-
tion of the Cross on Saturday, which belongs to the masons.' The second
week is similarly said to " contain the feast of St. John ante portam La-
tinam on Tuesday, which belongs to the King ;" and the third week is
"sine festo." Thus throughout the roll feasts occur, sometimes two in
a week, but generally only one. Fourteen of the weeks have none.
Whatever feasts are mentioned, however, are assigned alternately to the
King and to the masons. The only intermission of this rule is in the
twenty-seventh week, where the feast of SS. Simon and Jude ought to
have been given to the masons, but is assigned to the King, apparently
because of the fact stated in the title of the week, that it is the first day
of his regnal year ®.
It may be presumed, therefore, that the feast-days thus assigned to the
masons were kept as a holiday, and that they worked on the feasts assigned
to the King, who in this roll is the employer of the masons.
I am not aware that this curious custom has been noticed by any previous
writer. I have set down in the note below the list of the saints* days
selected ^. It is probable that in other years some other principal saints
would have been also included which happen in this year to fall on a
Sunday.
Having now discussed the titles to shew the mode of designating the
weeks, we may examine the accounts themselves. They are placed, for
every week, under two heads, the wages and the purchases, or emptiones.
The sum of each of these is separately stated, as well as the total. The
nature of these payments will be best understood by giving a translation of
one week complete ; for, generally speaking, the workmen, the materials,
and other items recur nearly in the same order in every week. There is
a great advantage in this ; for as the same terms are repeated, it happens
that in some cases they are written more at length than in others, or spelled
in a more intelligible manner, and thus the collation of so many examples
of 4he same word greatly assists the interpretation of the unusual or tech-
nical expressions.
" Second week after Easter, containing on Tuesday the feast of St. John ante portam
Latioam, which belongs to the King * : —
« This is the title of the twenty-seventh week : — " Ebd' 3^j» contin* festu' Apostolor»
Sim' et Jade quod est dni' Regis anno Regni Keg^ Henr* xxxviy^<> incipiente et fetta'
o'iura S'cor* p'die Sab' quod est cem't. . . ."
' List of the feast-days assigned alternately to the King and the masons, and marked
B and C accordingly : — "Philip and James, R; Inven. S. Crucis, C; John ad port.
Lat, R; Ascension, C; John Bapt., R; Thom. Mart., C; Magdalen, B; James, C;
Pet. ad vine, B; Assumpt., C; DeooUatio, B; Nativ. B. M., C; Michael, B; Trans,
b. Edw., C ; Luke, B; Sim. and Jude, B; Omn. S'co'm, C; Martin, B; Edmund, C;
Katerina, B ; Nicholas, C."
Ebd' ij* post Pasch' contin' festu hi' Johls an' porta Latina p' die martis quod est
e tt
I860.] A Westminster Fabric Roll of 1253. 295
" To wa^ of 39 cotters of white stone, 15 marblers, 26 stonelayers, 82 carpenters
with John and his partner at St. Albans, two painters with an assistant, 13 polishers,
19 smiths, 14 glaziers with four plumbers, 16" 10" 1«*. [This will give an average of
\s, lOd. per week.]
*' To wages of 176 inferior workmen with overseers and clerks, and two two-horse
carts daily, 9* 11* 2«*. [About M, a week.]
" Sum of wages, 25^ 7" 3«>.
" Emptions. — To Master Albericus for arrears o( form-pieoe* .... 66* ; 53 feet of
parpents, 4** per foot ; 59 feet of voussoirs with fillets at S^ per foot; 1221 4 feet at 3<i
per foot; .... 50 assises at 5*^ each assise; 42 chamberandsj 22 feet of maignans ;
243 feet cerches ; 9 feet of bosses ; and seven steps, cut by taskwork, 7^ 13* 1^.
" Item, for 9 capitals, 68 feet of escus, 1,591 feet of cerches, 54" 4**.
" Item, for 25 hundred and a-half quartern of chalk for the vaults, 8* 7^.**
" Item, for 22 hundred and 3 quarterns of freestone, 6Z. 16«. 6(2. To Roger of Rey-
gate for 8 hundred and a quartern of freestone, 53«. 7\d, To Richard the lime-
burner for 3 hundred of lime, 15«. To Agnes for two hundred and a half of lime,
12s, Qd. To Richard of Eastcheap for 2 dozen hurdles or crates' with poles, 9«. 7d,
To Richard Oggel for 5 dozen hurdles with poles, 12s, 6d, To Henry of the bridge
for iron nails and whetstones^, 19s. Sd, To Benedict for carriage, porterage, and
weighing of 23 cartloads of lead, 9^. 4d. To Richard for litter \ ISd,
*♦ Sum total of emptions, 27Z. 12*. 10\d,
" Sum total of the week, 532. and lid,"
This week may be taken as a fair specimen of the whole. The first part
d'ni Regis in stipend' xxxix. albor* ciss' xv. marm' xxvi. cubitor' xxxij. carpenf cu
I. et socio suo ap'd Scm Alban' Duobz Rctor* cu s'viente xiij. poll* xix. fab©', xiiij.
vitJar* cu iiij<" plubator*, xv" x* d'. In stipend' clxxvi. op'ar' cu custodib^ clericis cu
ij. big* diumis, ixM xvij« ij**.
" Sm* stipend', xxv" vij« iij**.
" Emptiones. Mag'ro AlWco p* arreagiis formar' et . . . . Ixvj", p* liy. ped* de p'pen*
p' ped* iiij«», lix. ped' de folsur* cu fil* p* ped* iij**, m» cc. et xxj. ped* et d'i p' ped* iij** . .
1. assisis p' assise v**, xlij. chamberand', xxij. ped* maignanz, ccxliij. ped' cerches, ix. ped'
de bosseus, et vij. passib^ cissis ad tasch*, vij** xiij' j**. It* p' ix. capitell*, Ixviij. ped' de
escus, m. vc iiij*« xj. ped' de cerch', liiij« et iiij*. It' p' mm. v* d'm q*rt' pendent* crete,
viij* vij**. It' p' mm. cc et iij. q*r france petre, vj** xvj« vj**. Rogero de Rey gate p*
viij<^ q*rt franc* petre, liij" vij«* ob*. Ricard' Calfon' p* ccc. calc*, xv*. Agnes p' cc. d'm
calc*, xij* vj**. It* Ricard* de Estchep p' ij. duoden' craticl'ar* cu virgfis, Ix" vy*. Ricard*
^ggcl p' V. duoden* craticl'ar* cu vii^j*, xij* vj**. Henr' de Ponte p* clavis ferri et gressiis
xix». viijd. Bened'co p* vect'a, portag*, et pesg, xxiij. chafr plumb', ix* iiy*. Richo* p*
litia, xviij«».
" Sm* total* emp'conu*, xxvij" xy' x* ob*.
" Sm* total' Ebd*, liyu et d* ob*.*'
' In the Westminster RoUs (printed by Smith, Antiq. of Westminster, p. 182, and
Brayley and Britton, Hist, of Houses of Parliament, pp. 151, 153), " Hurdles for the
scaffolds of St. Stephen's Chapel*' occur 4 Ed. III., &c., with beams, and poles, and
" leather thongs to tie the said beams and hurdles together." The original Latin is not
generally given in these publications, but in one case Smith (or rather Hawkins), p. 184,
has " twenty-four hurdles ^o viis super dictam scaffbttam," which explains the use of
the hurdles to serve in lieu of the planks we now employ.
« " Henr' de Ponte p' clavis ferri et gressiis" xix*. But in the previous week we
have "Henr* de Ponte p* grese ad Martella acuenda." Ducange gives "gbessius
Silex. gall, gres," (i. e. sandstone or grit). The grese for sharpening the picks or stone-
hammers is therefore, not the Englisb word grease, as it might appear, but a whetstone,
*» •« LiTBElA, stramentum." — Ducange,
296 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [Sept*
informs us of the number of workmen of each kind that were employed in
daily labour; the second part gives the materials and their carriage.
The number of white stone cutters was gradually increased from 39 in
the first three weeks to 78 in the fifteenth week, and diminished again to
thirty-five in the last weeks. The marblers, about 16 in the first eight
weeks, were suddenly increased to 49 in the ninth week, who remained
at work till the eighteenth week, and then were suddenly reduced to 31,
and went on diminishing to seven. The stonelayers vary from 85 to 4.
The 32 carpenters working in the first seven weeks are then reduced
gradually to nine only. The polishers are about 15, and the smiths 18
throughout ; but about fourteen glaziers employed in the first ten weeks
are suddenly reduced to 6 for a month, and then to 2 for the remainder
of the time. The inferior workmen vary from 220 to 87. The gross
amounts are : Stipends, 696Z. 8^. ld\ Emptions, 891/. 9^. b^d, ; giving a
total of 1,587/. 18*. Q\d,
From these particulars the nature of the work may be surmised; but,
unfortunately, there are very few exact indications of the actual buildings
upon which the workmen were employed. The only evidences of this kind
that I have detected are the following, numbered to correspond with the
weeks in which they occur : (1), tables or planks for the chambebs of the
king and queen ; (7), panels for the king's bed, and for a table in the
scaccai-ium; (3), 100 tiles provided for the kii7G*8 chapel; (15), task-
work at entrance of the ohapteb-house, (It., p* tasch' int**it" capituH
1. s.). From the 19th to the 26th and 31st weeks, charges occur in nearly
every week for nails for the chtjboh and belfby ; and in the 25th week
Roger the Plumber is paid 10/. and 5Z. 13«. Ad, for task- work at the
belfry (berefridam). This was probably the detached belfry of the Abbey
church, which is known to have stood on the north side, upon the site of
the existing Sessions-house.
Stukeley gave drawings of it in the ArcJitdologiay vol. i. p. 39, under
the name of the Sanctuary^ but states that it was still called the Beffty.
Stow relates that Edward III., about 1347, built to the use of St. Stephen's
chapel, in the little sanctuary a '* chlochard" of stone and timber covered
with lead, &c. "Widmore (History of Westminster Abbey, p. 11) found it
mentioned for the first time in a charter of Edward I. (1290): '*It was then
called the bellfrey and continued to be used as such, or at least to go by
that name till the present towers of the church were built by Abbot Islip."
The roll we are now examining shews that it was in course of construction
and apparently covered with lead in 37 Hen. III. The building represented
by Stukeley is of stone and in two stories, of a form well adapted to serve
as the substructure of a lofty timber-framed tower, similar to that of Salis-
bury, destroyed by Wyatt, but preserved to us in the drawings of Pnce.
The wooden, tower had disappeared long before the time of Stow, and
the stone substructure was pulled down in 1750 to make way for a new
market-house. It had been for a long while occupied as a cellar for the
9
I860.] A JTestmimter Fabric Roll of 1253. 297
Quakers' Tavern in Thieving-lane. The market-house was in turn pulled
down about 1770, and the present Guildhall built as nearly as possible
upon the site of the old belfry.
In the second week Magister Albericus is paid for task-work of the
form-pieceSi ("pro tascha formarum,") that is, for window traoery^ pro-
bably of the Abbey church, and also 6Z. 0«. 10 J. in the twenty-fifth* On
the back of the roll it is recorded that on Tuesday of the fourth week after
Pentecost^, on the morrow of the blessed Thomas the Martyr, Master
Albericus with three associates began the task-work of three windows.
Also that on the Monday after " ad viocula S^ Petri," (that is to say, in
the fifteenth week of the roll,) two parcels of coloured glass, valued at
1 2«. 2d, a parcel, and two of white glass at 6«. each parcel, were delivered
to Master Henry to be employed in the task-work of the windows, charg-
ing per foot wrought of coloured glass 8J., and of white glass 4(2.
Another memorandum records that on Monday, the morrow of St.
Bartholomew, (August 25,) the work in the king's quarry began.
Attached to the roll in the sixth week is a letter from Robert de
Bremele to Master John de Oxoniai, informing him that he has despatched
a boat-load of marble by William Justice, to whom five marcs and a-half
and ten shillings are to be paid for freight. He also promises to send
another boat-load before Pentecost, and a third if he can find a vessel to
convey it. Similar letters are attached to the second week and to the
twenty-second.
The JEmptiom in each week's account include, in the first place, pieces of
freestone cut by task-work into various shapes required for doors, windows*
arches, vaults, or other portions of the structure, and made ready for setting.
These are sometimes separately enumerated by name, as in the second week
above, and furnish very curious illustrations of medieval nomenclature. But
in the latter part of the roll such pieces are all entered in the general form,
" In diversis modis france petre ad tascham cisse," ' to various shapes of
free-stone cut by task- work,' and similarly for marble. Next occur stones
from the quarries, probably in a rough state, or at least only fit for plain
walling. These are " Came stone" (Caen stone) ; " Reygate stone,"
generally from Roger de Reygate, and sometimes described as free-stone,
" franca petra," e.g. (8), " Rog<» de Reygate p' v^' and di f^nce pet®, xxxvtf.
\xd. ;" Grey stone, " petra grisea," (6), " pro ii. navatis grise pet," and
chalk for the jpendentia, — ** creta ad pendentia*" the latter being the term
universally employed in mediaeval documents for the vaults that rest upon
the ribs. In (24) we have " p' marmore apud Cerne xviij^ xix"." Beside
these, other materials for building occur, as (1), "mmcccc. ferri tenacis de
glovernia, iiii^^ ziij%" iron from Glocestershire, and as in the specimen week
* Le. the eleventh week of the RoU.
i John of Oxford oocors ia the Westminster Bolls published by Smith, p. 184^
5 Edw. III.
Gbki. Mag. Vol. CCIX. m n
208 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [Sept.
inserted above. In some of these entries we obtain named of trades which
are of unusual occurrence. Thus (6), (21), and (12), "Ade Merenemio pro
bordis et lateis/' i.e. Merenemius, a timber merchant, from lieremium*
lUcardus Oalfonarius the lime-burner (from Calcifurnium or the French
Chaufournier) occurs throughout. In (4), (13), (25), Ricardus Cupar ius\
or CuvariuSj the cooper, from Oupa and Ouva; in (1), Jacob Jimctor^ the
joiner, for tables; and in (7), '' Jacobo Junur p' panell' ad lectu dP^ Regis
jungendis," &c.
The masons' terms for shaped stones are for the most part the same that
I have discussed in my '^ Architectural Nomenclature V ^^ the fifth edition
of the *' Oxford Glossary," 1850, and elsewhere, but they furnish a variety
of spellings which are often instructive. I subjoin a list of those which
appear to require explanation. They are arranged in alphabetical order,
and the numbers in brackets prefixed to each word indicate the weeks of
the roll in which it occurs : —
(1, 3, &c., &c.) AsselerSf or ashlar stones.
(3) (2). '' 1. assists p' assise v.d." . . . (5). xxi. Ussicis, — stones prepared
for coursed masonry, from the French assise,
(2) (3) (5). " ix. ped de hosseus . . . xxxiiij. ped de hoseus,^^ — the carved
stones placed at the intersection of the ribs of vaults, which are still called
bosses, (vide "Arch. Nom.," p. 43, and "Glossary"). They were some-
times termed keys, or claves, of which the present roll has an example in
(6), "ii. Clavibus et viij. Capitrel."
(4). «... x\i. buseeir, p' buseell iii^r (7). " p' xi. ' 5ii#<?V, xix«.
Will. Jacobo p' cc and q»rt°n 'busch% v". vij*. ob." (16). "... q»rtn
busch\ ix^." The first entry is in a list of stones shaped by task-work,
and I know no other instance of this use of the word.
But in another list of stones (3) we find " xvi. ped et di et di' q^rt'n.
de grossis rotundis,** which seem, for want of a technical name, to be simply
chWed great round stones ; and in (2) "xxij. ped maignanz,^* which ap-
pear to be merely large stones {magnums), from the old French maigne.
It may be supposed in the same way that the " bushel stones*' above were
round stones, suitable for a column, which were so distinguished for the
moment because they happened to be about the size and shape of a bushel
measure, (about eighteen inches across and eight inches thick).
The other two examples of the word bushel are at the end of the Emp-
tions, amongst hurdles, " bokettes," &c., and are probably bushel baskets,
or bushel measures of some article not mentioned.
(3). '' xi. ped de ChapemH bowe** occurs but once, with nothing to indi-
cate its meaning.
(2). "xlij. cJiamberand':' (3). "cxyj. cham*and\'' also (4) (5). I have
found this word repeatedly in the accounts of King's Hall, Cambridge. Thus
in 6 Edward IV. in the form chamberh'nt, and in 6 Henry VI. as " xix. ped
^ This Ib given by Dacange.
1 Vide " Pablications of the Cambridge Antiquarian Sodety, vol L, 1844."
I860.] A Westmintter FtOric RoU of 1258. 299
de chameranU pro magna porta i^ and soon after, *' xsiiij. ped dejamheB**
In 4 Henrj V., "lapid* vocat ekampys^* and in 5 Henry V. J,*. . .jamby$^^
I have also found it in other account rolls, and in my *' Nomenclature/* art
81, have given another form apparently of the same word, namely eJum*
meres^ which I supposed to be jawfner$t or stones for the jamb» oi doors
or windows. The spelling of the above examples appears to shew that this
word is the same as the French ckamiranle, the ornamental border or s^
of moldings about a door, window, or chimney, and- in these early ezam;-
ples was used for the molded stones of the jambs, if not also for the arch*
molds, or at least for the hoodmolds.
(2). ** cczliij. ped eerehe$J** (9). **cclxviij. ped de $6reheiJ* Okerei^
and serche are old French words for drcuhur arcs, and are used by warkr
men for convex or curved pieces. In this place they may mean convex
stones such as would be employed in building cylindrical piers.
(2). "Ixviij. ped de escut:' (3) also (9). "iiij" et x. et di ped' de
scutis,'* (5) ''xvij. ped de escum't" These are 8kwh9ione$t i.e. stonett
cut with a bevel edge. Similar terms occur frequently in masons' accountn.
(Vide Skew, Skew-table, &c. m ^ Arch. Norn." and '' Glossary.")
(2) (3) (9). «« Folsuris cum filo." (4). **Sotundie, folsoris emmfiHetr
i.e. voussoirs with a filleted molding.
(4) (5) (3). ** Rotundis folsuris," i.e. voussoirs with round moldings.
(9). ^'iiii^.y. folsuree chanferete,** Le. chamfered roussoirs. Ohaiv^flram
means also channeled or furrowed, and therefore we may include Toussoirs
with moldings under this expression. All these are Toussoirs for molded
arches or ribs, and as they occur in company with ** chalk for the vaults
and bosses," {ereta ad p&mdenHaj) are intended for their ribs.
(5). ForimeUe. (3). XbrmeUde. The same as '* form-pieces,'* namely,
the stones cut for tracery. {** Arch. Nom.," p. 48, and " Glossary.")
(6). Lothengee^ stones cut into the form of the heraldic loz&fige, perhaps
for paving.
(6). '' It' Rogo. de T^ pro iiij. orlnUmi xxxiij. sol.'* This word only
occurs in this example, and here in small number. Wt may guess the
thing to be a carved boss or bracket of a globular form ; or, as or&tZs is
the rim of a wheel, they may be stones in a ring form for tracery.
(2) (3). . . . perpeniy parpens, or through stones. — (\1de Perpeni-eione
in « Glossary.")
(4). Seention^ or seenhonJ This is a word which firequently oocurs,
with varied spelling, in masonic documents. (Yide BeuUtheon in ** Arch.
Nom.," p. 37, and ** Glossary.") It is always used for stones with an ob-
tuse external angle.
(3). ''c. et ii]j» ped. de fa52MiMi/^,''-HBtringcour8efl. (''Arch. Nom./'
p. 25, and '' Glossary," art. Table.)
Rob. Wixiis.
800 [Sept.
THOMAS BECKET OR THOMAS OF LONDON?
Mr. Urban, — The question raised by Canon Robertson in your last
number is not a very great one, but the way in which he has treated it
seems to require some answer. Mr. Robertson begins by saying that he
has seen several reviews of his " Becket ; a Biography," which doubt or
deny that St. Thomas of Canterbury was ever known in his own age as
Thomas Becket. He finds this doubt or denial in four different periodicals ;
he suspects that three of them were written by the same person and that
the fourth was written under the influence of the other three; he also
suspects that another article in another review, which contains nothing
about the matter, and yet another — he does not say where or what about
—were also written by the author of the first three. By dint of all this,
he contrives to say a good deal about a very small matter. It is certainly
no small implied compliment on Mr. Robertson's part to his reviewer or
reviewers that, of all they had to say about him, this small point is the only
one on which he thinks he has anything to say in reply.
I am not going to gratify Mr. Robertson's curiosity as to the identity or
diversity of any of his critics, or even to tell him whether I have the means
of gratifying it or not. It is a good rule to give no infoi*mation on such
pomts. Whether I have or have not ever written anything in any periodical
beside the " National Review" is no affair of Mr. Robertson's. He thinks
that I have written in the "Saturday Review," the "Guardian," the "Edin-
burgh Review," and some nameless place; he thinks that I have not
written, but that I have " inspired," an article in the " English Churchman."
I am not going to tell him whether any of these surmises are true; the
only question for him is whether the criticism is true or false, not
whether the critics are few or many. I have known such guesses be-
fore: I have sometimes known them right; I have more commonly
known them wrong. You, Mb. Ubbajs^, probably remember a very
amusing case in your own pages. Two antiquaries, excellent personal
friends, but better known to the world for their differences than for their
agreements, chanced to express about the same time, in two different
quarters, the same opinion as to the architecture of Aquitaine and of Italy
and its practical bearing on modern English design. An architect, who
chose to fancy himself aggrieved, but whom I believe neither writer was
thinking of, wrote an answer in which he clearly thought it a wonderfully
clever hit to assume that his two antagonists were one and the same, to
the intense private amusement of both the two gentlemen so strangely
rolled into one. Let Mr. Robertson take care. He may be right. He
may be wrong. But whether his critics be one, two, three, or four, it
makes no difference as to the value of the criticism.
I860.] ThomoB Becket or Thomas of London ? 801
Mr. Bobertson first quotes the " Saturday Review*' — ^I should not say he
" quotes" it, as he prefers the parliamentary and newspaper vulgarism of
'' alluding to" it. He says that there was a favourable review of him in
one number and another article on Mr. Morris's boolc in another number.
I remember both articles very well. Mr. Robertson assumes that they were
by different writers, and that the writer of that on Mr. Morris wrote tw«
on Mr. Robertson elsewhere. He may be right or he may be wrong. But I
certainly remember no contradiction between the two articles. The review
of Mr. Robertson did not criticise Mr. Morris; the review of Mr. ^orris did
not criticise Mr. Robertson. The review of Mr. Robertson was, as ha
allows, decidedly favourable ; but it seems that Mr. Robertson's Protestant
zeal is so great that favourable criticism of himself is of no value without
unfavourable criticism of his Catholic rival.
The article in the '' Guardian" I also remember, though of that, as well
as of those in the " Saturday Review,** I can only speak firom memory. I
believe, however, that it did express the opinion of which Mr. Robertson
complains, as to the name of the Archlnshop. I believe also that it pdnted
out two or three mistakes on the part of Mr. Robertson^— not very great
ones certainly, but still mistakes — about which Mr. Robertson finds it more
prudent to hold his peace.
These two articles, with one, of course much longer, in the *' National
Review," make up what Mr. Robertson is pleased to call tiie " eritieal
Cerberus." Mr. Robertson says that "the very remarkable variety of the
organs through which he has uttered his opinion might impose on simple
readers almost as much as the confidence of his tone."- There ia at least
no confidence in the tone of the ''National Review." The passage
there ii
" It is d(mb^^ whether hit own age even called him Thomis Becket, much less
Thomas ^ Becket or Becket alone. King Henry the Eighth's proclamation has con-
verted his historical title of 'St. Thomas of Canteibary* into a badge of party.
Otherwise we might probably have called him Saint Thomas with no nM»e offimos
than is inemred by speaking historically of Samt Dominie or Saint DunstaBk By «My
of being 9itfet we mean to call him, as his contemporaries called him» Thomas^ wA^A w§
hope will noi commU U9 to euHftldng eUher way, Thomas of London, Thomas of Oanter-
bury, Thomas the Archdeacon, the Chancellor, the Archlnshop, and finally the Martyr,
are the only descriptions by winch he was ooffMaoii^ known in bis own day .'^— (p. SS^)
Surely here is the very opposite to '* confidence of tone." A doubt
is professed on a point, and a particular course is chalked out to secura
the doubter himself from error any way, but there is no censure whatever
pronounced on Uiose who may choose a bolder path. It is not certain
that the Archbishop was called Becket; it is certain that he was called
Thomas ; the writer therefore, in a spirit of timidity rather than of ** con-
fidence," chooses the mode of speech in which he is at least not wrong.
Mr. Robertson then goes on to say that a certain article in the '* English
802 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [Sept.
Churchman" was not indeed written by " the critical Cerberus," but " evi-
dently inspired" by his writings. I wonder whether Mr. lEtobertson's theory
of " inspiration" is as orthodox as becomes a Canon of Canterbury. A
writer in " a sceptical quarterly periodical" may be allowed to wonder at
the inspired medium speaking in a remarkably different way from the
inspiring spirit. The words of the " English Churchman" are —
" < Becket,' (as Mr. Robert-son in defiance of legitimate history persists in designating
the Archbishop)."
The " National Review" was merely " sceptical" as to Thomas being ever
called Becket ; but the " English Churchman" assumes, with great ** con-
fidence of tone," that it is a " defiance of legitimate history" to call him
so. The " National" Reviewer said not a word about Mr. Robertson's way
of calling the Archbishop, but spoke only of the way in which, for safety's
sake, he thought good to call him himself. The " English Churchman"
charges Mr. Robertson personally with " persisting in defiance of legiti-
mate history." Yet Mr. Robertson thinks that the " English Churchman"
writes in the " more courteous spirit" of the two. Mr. Robertson's notions
of courtesy must be as odd as his notions of inspiration ; for it must be
remembered that, according to his theory of '* the critical Cerberus," this
same less *' courteous spirit" is also shewn in a " Saturday Review" article
which did not, as far as I remember, mention him at all. But perhaps,
afler all, that same not mentioning him was the unkindest cut of all.
And I wonder if Mr. Robertson thinks that he himself has been the
very mirror of courtesy towards Dr. Giles, Mr. Morris, M. Buss, and
St. Thomas himself.
Mr. Robertson goes on to say that '* the critical Cerberus" has also, in his
own elegant language, "broken out in a fourth" place, "namely, the 'Edin«
burgh Review,' where Becket is mentioned in an article on Dr. Vaughan's
'Revolutions in English History.' " Because "Becket is mentioned," there-
fore, apparently, the writer must be the same. Mr. Robertson thinks that
anybody who so much as mentions " Becket" anywhere, with or without any
mention of Mr. Robertson, must necessarily be his anonymous and ubiqui-
tous persecutor, or, at all events, some one inspired by him. Did Mr. Robert*
son fancy that he was the only person who knew anything about " Becket" ?
Is he somewhat troubled at finding that there is at least one such persoa
beside himself, but still hopes at least to avoid the horrible possibility of
there being four or &ve ? For observe that it is the mere " mention" of
"Becket" in the "Edinburgh" at which the worthy Canon starts. For most
certainly the article in the "Edinburgh" does not contain the slightest
mention, good or bad, of Mr. Robertson himself. Moreover, it does not
contain one word about the point of issue between Mr. Robertson and his
critics, and it actually in two places (p. 141 and p. 158) speaks of the
Archbishop by the disputed name of Becket.
As for the " fifth periodical in which he [Cerberus] has turned his reful-
I860.] Thomas Becket or Thomas of London ? 808
ing on the subject to account," I can say nothing whatever about it till
Mr. Robertson at least mentions its name.
On this head I will say no more, except that, while to a writer like
Mr, Robertson, who sees everything through a distorted party medium,
it may seem strange that a " high- Anglican newspaper" and what he is
pleased to call a '' sceptical quarterly periodical" should agree even in a
small matter of antiquarian detail, men of more enlarged minds will under-
stand that wide differences in politics or theology need in no way hinder
the common search after truth, and that they are quite consistent with
common admiration for an illustrious man of past times.
To come to the matter itself, Mr. Robertson takes some unnecessary
pains to prove that the Archbishop's father was called Becket. Nobody
ever denied it. On this point indeed the '* National Review" does not
doubt, but speaks in a tone of perfect confidence. " His father," says the
note in p. 323, " was undoubtedly called Gilbert Becket." Whether it
was, in Gilbert's case, a mere nickname or a hereditary surname, it would
be hard to decide. He lived just at the time when personal surnames were
beginning to become hereditary. We do not know whether Gilbert's
father was called Becket, and we cannot tell whether the name would
have become hereditary among his own descendants, seeing he had no
male offspring but Thomas himself. The instances of Italian Beckets some
two centuries after claiming kindred with the martyr prove extremely little.
Does not Mr. Robertson know how utterly worthless all family traditions
are when unsupported by real historical evidence }
Where Mr. Robertson's argument fails is in this. It is certain that the
Archbishop's father was called Gilbert Becket ; it is possible that Becket
may have been in his case strictly a family name. Mr. Robertson's mis-
take lies in thinking that it necessarily follows from this that Thomas was
called Becket as well as his father. Now surely it was a common practice,
then and long after, for a churchman to bear some name quite different
from that of his father, most commonly that of his birthplace. William of
Wykeham and William of Waynflete were not the sons of Mr. Wykeham
and Mr. Waynflete senior. Glastonbury Abbey, just before its suppression,
was, as the list of signatures to the acknowledgement of the king's supre-
macy testifies, full of monks with the most wonderful set of surnames,
which it is utterly impossible to believe that they inherited from their
fathers. About the same time there were at least two Bishops with aliases.
Kitchen alias Dunstan, Bishop of Llandaff, and Voysey alias Harman,
Bishop of Exeter. Hence, to my mind, it follows that it is to be proved,
and not merely to be assumed, that the son of Gilbert Becket was called
Thomas Becket. Now the case is simply this ; as far as my reading goes,
he is only twice spoken of with anything like a surname. Gervase intro-
duces him rather formally as "Thomas Londoniensis ;" the murderers,
according to Edward Grim, call out, '' Ubi est Thomas Beketh ?" Cer-
804 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. . [Sept.
tainly it seems to me that the former passage tells more strongly in favour
of his real description being Thomas of London than the latter does in.
favour of its being Thomas Becket. Doubtless, as Mr. Bobertson says,
he was not likely to be called either very long. Mr. Robertson agrees
with me that, in the one contemporary instance of his being called Becket,.
he was called so by way of insult, but he is not lucky in one at least of the
cases he quotes as analogous. Lewis the Sixteenth was called Lewis
Capet at his trial, but Mr. Robertscm is surely utterly mistaken in sup-
posing that Capet was a real surname of the Kings of France. They
had no surname, because they needed none ; if the later kings had anything
the least approaching t6 one, it surely was Bourbon and not Capet Hugh,
elected King of the French in 987, is called Hugh Capet in the common
histories; I do not know of any contemporary authority for the name,
though, as I have not gone into the matter quite so minutely as I have into
the history of St. Thomas of Canterbury, I cannot dogmatically assert that
there is none. But, any how, the name was purely personal. The dynasty
founded by Hugh is commonly called the Capetian as a matter of con-
venience, but most assuredly no member of his house ever bore the name
of Capet as a hereditary surname. Of course, in the other case, Charles
Stuart was the real name of Charles the First, supposing him shorn of
his royalty. But most certainly he had never been called Charles Stuart
before, and it is very likely that Thomas, when the knights cried out
" Ubi est Thomas Beketh?" had never heard himself called '* Thomas
Beketh" before.
But supposing that he was called Thomas Becket, just like Gilbert
Foliot, I still think that it is better to call him Thomas than Becket, just
as I should, though Mr. Robertson thinks I should not, call his adversary
Gilbert and not Foliot. That is, 1 should introduce them as Thomas Becket
and Gilbert Foliot, but go on speaking of them as Thomas and Gilbert.
The article in the " National Review" says nothing about the matter, but
it acts consistently on this principle. This was the contemporary use, and
for an obvious reason. When Mr. Robertson says that we should talk of
Becket and Foliot, because we talk of Cranmer and Tenison, he forgets
that the relation between Christian name and surname had completely
changed in the interval. In the twelfth century a man was commonly
spoken of by his Christian name ; his surname, if he had any, was used
only when it was wanted to distinguish him from other men of the same
Christian name. By the sixteenth century this was quite changed ; then,
as now, a man was commonly called by his surname, and his Christiaa
name was used only when it was wanted to distinguish him from other
men of the same surname. If I had occasion to speak of Gilbert, Bishop
of London, and of a later Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, I should, on first in-
troducing them, say, " Gilbert- Foliot" and " Gilbert Burnet" respectively,
but in the one case I should go on talking of *' Gilbert" and in the other
10
I860.]
Notes on Coronations.
805
case of " Burnet." I should do this simply because it is of some con-
sequence to the real life of history to attend to these little minutiae of
different ages. And I may add that I am speaking chiefly of writings,
like Mr. Robertson's book or my article, dealing specially with the par-
ticular age in question. To say Foliot or Langton — or Becket, if he was
Becket — ^in an incidental mention or allusion while treating of something
else is quite another matter, though even then I should think it better;
if possible, to say Gilbert Foliot, Stephen Langton, and, if so it is to be,
Thomas Becket.
Some parts of Mr. Robertson's letter I do not quite understand ; some
have highly amused me. " Nor would there," he says, *' probably have
been any scruple in the case of Becket, but for the peculiarity of his history
— that he was first canonized by a pope, and then, by the authority of the
State, was violently ejected from the English Calendar." Mr. Robertson will
perhaps hardly believe that there are people who love truth for its own sake,
and who like to be accurate in all matters great and small, whether Popes
or Kings are profited or damaged thereby. But Mr. Robertson writes from
a peculiar spot and on a peculiar day. It must be a triumphant thing for
an English Reviewer to date from the " Precincts, Canterbury," on " July
7th." Who was it that turned Christ Church Priory into mere "Pre-
cincts," and the Feast of the Translation of St. Thomas into a mere
" July 7th" ? Mr. Robertson, a Canon on the foundation of King Henry
the Eighth, knows his duty to his founder. '* No more Saint, but Bishop
Becket" are the words of that founder's proclamation. Mr. Robertson,
loyal subject and thankful bedesman, as in duty bound, humbly obeys.
I am, &c.,
The Wbitbe ik the " National Rbvibw."
NOTES ON CORONATIONS.
Mb. Ubban, — May I yentnre to ask
Mr. Mackenzie Waloott from whence he
derived the description of the coronation
of Richard I. published in yoor Magazine
of last month, as according to that ac-
count the ceremony took place on the
eleventh of September, which is contrary
to all the old aathorities on the sabject I
have yet met with ?
Gervase of Canterbnry mentions the
second of September, but Fabyan, Qrafton,
Holinshed, Milles^ Carte, Baker, Tyrrell^
Kennet, Taylor (in his "Glory of Re-
gality"), &c, are all agreed that Richard
was crowned upon the tlurd, Fetet Lang-
toft says : —
'* In a moneth mirie
September begynnyng,
Baudwyn of Canterbirie
Com to ooroone y* kyng."
May I also ask who is meant by the
Queen " Eleanor" crowned with him ?
I am, &c.,
EsMUin) SEDDnra.
Gbht. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
00
806
[Sept.
HISTORICAL AKD MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.
Shall the Ifew Foreign Office be Qothie
or Classic? A Plea for thefonner: ad-
dressed to the Members of the House of
Commons. By Sir Fbancis E. Scott,
Barti Chairman of the Government School
of Art, Birmingham. (London : Bell and
Daldy.) — If Lord Palmertton and the
pseudo-Classical school were not deaf to
all argument however able, and so blinded
by prejudice that they cannot see truth
however plainly it may be put before
them, we should expect this clever pam-
phlet to produce comnderable effect. As
it is, we fear the matter has all been
snugly arranged aub rosa, and the pledge
to Parliament will be evaded. The real
decision will be made by the red-tapists,
and the public will have no voice in the
matter. Whether Sir Francis Scott is
listened to or not, his pamphlet is highly
creditable to him, and shews a thorough
tbastery of his subject. It contains in a
few pages an excellent summary of the
history of architecture, and proves that
his opinion in favour of Gothic is no hasty
fancy, but is deliberately and carefully
formed from study and observation. It is
so thoroughly sound and sensible, and at
the same time sprightly and amusing,
that it is quite a credit to his order, and
it strikes us as a good answer to the sneers
of those vulgar Cockney penny-a-liners
who are so continually reviling the " bloat-
ed and pampered aristocracy," and talking
of the ignorance of the upper classes as
if they thereby exalted themselves. We
believe, on the contrary, that the upper
classes are generally, as they ought to be,
the best-informed classes, and that they
do commonly make use of their better op-
portunities, as they ought to do. Sir F.
Scott shews that he has not travelled with
his eyes shut, and has not forgotten his
University education. He is able and
willing to render full justice to the real
Classical styles in their proper places, and
for the purposes for which they were in-
tended ; and this makes his testimony in
fiftvour of our own English national style all
the more weighty and important^ as the
deliberate, well-considered judgment of a
remarkably well-informed man, who has
had the best opportunities for formii^g a
correct judgment^ by sedng all the stylei
iii their own respective countries.
As many of our readers will probably
not have the opportunity of reading this
really valuable essay, we subjoin a few ex-
tracts of those passages which have mosl
attracted our attention : —
" I advocate hnilding on Qoihie prin^
ciples to get rid of the depressing uni-
formity and monotony of ugliness with
which the mechanical employment of an
exotic style, in the ordinary architectnre
of the day, afflicts our streets, and makes
London a byword among capitals. And
I say that it is provable, from past his*
tory and present inspection, that both in
theory and in practice, and in every con-
ceivable situation, the abeoUUe Uberhf and
eensible principles of Chthic construction
have made, and do make, the style avail-
able for any kind of edifice whatsoever^
and far more safe and commodious for the
factory and warehouse, for public and
private dwellings, than any adaptation of
the Classic stylo.
*' I repudiate as ridiculous the exdunve
application to Gothic architecture of the
terms 'Christian' on tVe part of its
friends, and 'ecclesiastical' on the part
of its foes.
"Itis as the chosen stifle of free and
popular communities that I have studied
and admired it, and as such I venture to
recommend it. • . .
" Any man of observation, who has the
gfood fortune to live much in the company
of pictures, can hardly help acquiring, un-
consciously to himself some knowle^g;e of
form, outline, and colour.
" In the same way it is imposnble that
the buildings we live amongst, md daily
pass in our walks and rides ^ businen and
pleasure, should not exercise an onper-
oeived influence on our tastes, for good or
for ill, for our improvement or the re-
verse.
" There cannot be a queftion more nni-
I860.] Shall the New Foreign Office be Gothic or Classic ? 807
versal in its bearing, or of more import-
ance to every one to know something
about, than that of Architecture; and
yet there is scarcely a subject one can
mention that is more unpopular, and — as
to its history and details — ^less understood^
in general society.
" At the same time I suppose there is
not a man in England who keeps a horse
but can describe (or imagines he can) all
his animal's good points, takes a pride in
doing so, and feels ashamed of himself if
he cannot.
" Now a horse is a luxury, and lasts ten
years at most ; a house is a necessity, and
—even in London — lasts a hundred ; it is
a tiling that must be looked at, panted,
repaired, lived in ; and that shoiUd be in
detail as much the type of its possessor, as
its general style should be that of its age.
" VVhy, then, should we not take a per-
sonal interest in the style of our houses as
well as our horses ?
"Why should our public schools con-
tinue to ignore Art-teaching, and the
study of Architecture, as well as the useful
and elevating pursuit of learning and ap-
preciating the beauty of form and colour ?
" Why do they only surfeit our memo-
ries with a ten years' struggle against
* toujours Orec et Latin V
" And why are our next ten years occu-
pied (and successfully !) in rejecting the
same, and taking refuge in horseflesh ?
"We who at Eton and Oxford have
been fed upon Classical traditions have to
find our way to Gothic and National Art
through Latin, Greek, and the Five
Orders, and that, I apprehend, is why
numbCTs never care to get beyond Virg^
and Corinthian.
"But in our great provincial capitals,
more especially at Birmingham, where
Shakespeare (vi his native county) is
better known and loved than all the poets
of the world together, the unprejudiced
study of early English literature seems to
lead men more directly to English art;
and this explains what I presume to be an
unquestioned fact, that it is there, rather
than in \he metropolis, that the principles
upon which the F^-Kaflaelite school was
founded and Gothic practice has always
worked, are admitted to be true and ap-
preciated as they deserve.
" Gothic— of which style, in its culmi-
nating period, the pointed arch to vaults
and openings is perhaps the most essential
and vital, as it certainly is the most
striking, characteristic — is National by
right of birth, parentage, and possession.
" Lineally descended, through the Tran-
sition style, from Anglo-Norman, without
a break in the succession, its forms and
details, with endless freedom of local vari-
f^tion, being progressively developed as it
grows, — with every constructive and de-
corative feature dictated by convenience
and not caprice, — ^we find it in the thir-
teenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries
not merely paramount in the land, bat
sole in occupation, and reigning withoujb
a rivaL
"From the priory to the prison, from
the castle to the cottage, in every rank
and every class, in crowded town and se-
cluded country, English architecture had
then but one voice, and that voice was
Gothic.
" And so well and truly did Gothic ar-
chitecture fulfil its mission, that to this
day we see how its sensible, oonvenient,
flexible character adapts itself to all re-
quirements and situations, and to all the
exigencies of our varying climate; and
who can wonder then that the love of it
and the care for it struck root so deeply
in the hearts of the earnest men of old,
and so tenderly twined about the fancies
of poets and pilgrims, of the monk in the
valley, and the workman in the dty;
just as the ivy and woodbine do interlace
its ruins with their guardian tendrils,
that have preserved the lofty tower and
the tottering wall, through the indiffer-
ence and neglect of an artificial age, to
the study and admiration of these more
natural and appreciative days ! . . •
" The Uneoffe of our DomeaUo Oothio
is cUso purely national. You may trace
it up to the wooden erections of the Saxon ;
but you won't find about it a scrap of-
Classic precedent or tradition.
" Mr. Parker has ably shewn how the
English manor-house is a slow and gradual
developement of the Norman keep; and
we know that, when the Bomanized
Britons were swept before the Saxons
into Cornwall and Wales, every vestige of
Boman Domestic architecture was de-
stroyed by those fiiir-baircd barbarians,
together with the effeminate civilization
of which it was the accompaniment.
"In oonolusion, let me remark, that
while I have never been able to make out
how, either in an archsoolog^cal or ritual-
istic sense, the application of the term
' Christian architecture* could be restricted
to Gothic alone, I advocate consistently
the demgnation of Gothic alone as *our
National architecture.'
" I do think that a style of national
extraction, with distinct national pecu-
liarities of outline, detail, and ground-
plans, widely different from contemporary
continental examples, a style that has
d08
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Sept.
never acknowledged a foreign soorce,
— ^that exclusively prevailed in this coun-
try for 360 years, — that, when young,
saw Saxon, Dane, and Norman fused into
the Englishman, and that, when old, knew
the civil and religious Uherties of England
to be inalienably established, — the first and
last style of universal English application,
is fairly and in justice, is in theory and
practice, entitled to be called 'The Na-
tional Style.' ....
"It may be that Gothic — a style of
freedom in conception and execution — in
bringing out the special and distinctive
properties of each material it employs,
and thereby compelling the workman to
think for himself and not to drudge as a
mere machine, runs counter to official doc-
trines of precedent and routine !
'*0r it may be that the variety and
vigour of expression, the spontaneity, the
liberty of treatment, and the modem
spirit (the distinguishing characteristics,
in short) of the Gk)thic of our time, and
of every time, are utterly at variance with
the decorous dulness which Lord Palmer-
ston lays it down the architecture of the
State should alone express.
" But this personal distaste, fonnded
upon pure caprice, can hardly justify his
lordship's] uncalled-for and vexatious in-
terference with the settlement of a ques-
tion that had already received the implied
sanction of the House of Commons. It is
an admitted fact that, bad it not been for
the noble lord and his suite of jealous and
expectant pseudo-Classic architects, the
G)thic Foreign Office would be now a
re ility !
" And that it may shortly be so I ear-
nestly and confidently hope : for the de-
cision of the question is fortunately lefb
to the judgment of the House, and not to
the whims and fantasies of the Prime
Minister for the time." — (pp. 3 — 70.)
We observe, however, with regret that
Sir Francis Scott is no exception to the
general rule that Englishmen know more
of other countries than of their own. He
is evidently better acquainted with the
mcdioival architecture of Italy than with
that of England, and has more liking for
Italian Gothic detail than he would have
if he had compared it with that of his
own country, which is very superior to it.
The usual answer to this is that it is in
Italy chiefly that we have any street ar-
chitecture of the middle ages now remain-
ing, and there is some truth in this, but
it is not the whole truth. Englishmen
do not like travelling and sight-seeing in
their own country, and those beautifiil
remiuns which we still have are neglected
by those who ought to cherish them, and
are daily destroyed before our eyes. How
few Englishmen have ever seen one-half
of the medisBval English houses engraved
in Mr. Parker's work on the subject, and
it is this neglect of them by the higher
classes that causes their destruction. A
tenant who knew that his landlord set a
high value on any remains of antiquity
would be careful not to destroy them.
WlM^s Photographic Rcmdhooh to the
Antiquities of Worksop and Us Neighbour'
hood. Crown 8vo. 48 pages, with eight
small photographs. Price 28. €d. (Work-
sop: R. White.)
Steetleff Church, Derbyshire, Phoiogrtp'
phicaUg illustrated, with Plans and Sec*
tion9. By James Contencin and Theophi-
lus Smith. Eight photog^phic and six
lithographic plates. Imperial 4to. Price
IL lis. 6d. (Worksop: E. White.)
Photographic UlustraUons of tke South
Transept Chapel, commonly called tke
Lady -chapel, Worksop Priory CkureK
Eight photographic and six lithographic
plates. Imperial 4to., 1^. lis. 6d. In tke
Press,
Photographie lUustrationt of Moeke
Abbey, Yorkshire, 14 photographic plates.
Imperial 4to. 1^. lls.6d.( Worksop: White).
In the Press.
Tub above are the first examples we
have seen of the applicaMon of photo*
graphy to the illustration of topog^phi«
cal works and the details of Gothic archi-
tecture. We are all familiar with the ad«
mirable photographs issued by the Archi-
tectural Photog^phic Society, and we
know how invaluable they are to the
antiquary, the architect, and the student.
But these have been very much confined
to general views or striking features^ and
the Society has not attempted to work
out the details of any one building in
photography. This is the task undertaken
by Mr. Theophilus Smith, and very credit-
ably executed, so far as he has gone. The
only works yet completed are the "Hand-
book" and "Stoetley Church," and it it
.I860.] Photographic Handbook of Worksop, ifc.
809
because we consider the work as well de-
serving of encouragement that we call the
attention of our readers to it. The photo>
graphs of Roche Abbey and of the Lady-
chapel of Worksop have also been kindly
forwarded to us, but are stated to be not
yet ready for publication. The "Hand-
book" we can conUally recommend, not
only to the numerous visitors to Worksop
and " the Dukeries," but to all lovers of
medieval architecture, for Worksop and
its neighbourhood happen to be particu-
larly rich in interesting remains. The
Pnory Church is a remarkably fine ex-
ample of late Norman work, and the pho-
tographs of the exterior and the west door
are as good as we could desire. The ruins
of the Early English side chapel, called
the Lady- chapel, are also admirably well
shewn ; and the same may be said of the
front of the Priory gatehouse, a fine ex-
ample of the Decorated style. It may ap-
pear unreasonable, but in all these cases
we should have been glad to have seen in-
teriors also, especially the wooden ceiling
of the fourteenth century under the gate-
house; perhaps this would require the
profiles of the Decorated mouldings to be
drawn separately, in order to make it
clearly understood, but it was certainly
wortliy of more notice than to be merely
mentioned as ** an interesting specimen of
carpenters* work of a by -gone period," al-
though this is perfectly true as far as it
goes. The Norman doorway of Steetley
Chapel was perhaps as much as is necessary,
and the general view of the very curious
Jacobean imitation of a Normnn keep at
Bolsover was perhaps as much as we
could expect, though we should have been,
glad to see more; and the account of
these very interesting and mag^ficent
ruins of the ducal palace of the time of
James I. and Charles I. is very meagre
and incorrect ; the author appears to con-
sider the present keep, which is a very
curious example of the copy of a Norman
keep by order of " Bess of Hardwick ** in
the time of James I., as the original Nor-
man keep of the time of William the Con-
queror, and the ruins as a rebuilding after
the restoration of Charles IL; which is
also a mistake. The Saxon doorway of
Laughton-en-le-Morthen is all that we
could wish for, and the specimen of Roche
Abbey is excellent. We have indeed here
much more than we could expect in a local
guide-book.
As to the larger works, they are worthy
of all praise : nothing can be more complete
and satisfactory than the series of illustra-
tions of Steetley Church, or rather Chapel ;
the plan and sections given in lithography
supply all that was wanting in the pho«
tographs.
The only possible doubt is whether the
subject is of sufficient importance to be
worth the labour bestowed upon it and
whether a sufficient number of purchasers
can be found for such a work; whether
many persons will be willing to g^ve a
guinea and a-half for a set of illustrations
of a small Norman chapel not more re-
markable than scores of others, excepting
that it happens to have lost its roof, and
to have been made more picturesque by
the quantity of ivy which covers it. Pro-
bably the engraving of it in Lysons and
the numerous woodcuts of it will be
thought sufficient for the purpose by the
public in general. If any one has occa-
sion to reproduce Steetley Chapel in Aus-
tralia, or the backwoods of Canada, we
commend this work to his attention as
supplying all that he requires ; but we fear
that the number of such persons is not
very large, and the public are apt to com-
pare the cost of such works with others to
which they are accustomed ; for instance,
in Parker's " Glossary" they get about fifty
of Jewitt's beautiful woodcuts for a shil-
ling, whereas these photographs cost more
than a shilling each. This is not a fair
comparison certainly; these photog^phs
should rather be looked upon as original
drawings, as accurate and perfect as po8«
sible, but the public are apt not to con*
nder such points, and to say, ' We do not
want a set of original drawings of every old
church in England ; there would be no end
to it.' These remarks apply still more
forcibly to the beautiful ruins of the Early
English chapel ; the same number of pic-
tures or plates would have sufficiently
illustrated the whole church inside as well
as outside, and plates of half the size would
810
Miscellaneous Reviews,
[Sept
answer every purpose quite as well : a good
magnifying glass will supply all the details
in a photograph if required. We should
be glad to see a medium between the
small and very pretty pictures in the
Guide-book and the imperial quarto plates
of details. The same objection does not
apply to Roche Abbey. There is a field
worthy of Mr. Smith's skill and taste» and
we trust be will do justice to it. We
would suggest to him to follow it up with
other Yorkshire abbeys, and to try the
octavo size in preference to the large
quarto. A series of photographs of Bol-
sover Castle, keep and ruins, would also
be something new, and the works of Inigo
Jones are not to be despised. A few of
the Jacobean fireplaces in the keep, with
their hoods in imitation of Norman, wouM
be likely to prove attractive from thdr
very novelty. The church of Bolsover
with its early broach spire is also worthy
of more notice than the very summary
way in which it is dismissed in the Guide.
If Mr. Smith will be a little less ambi-
tious, and g^ve us a series of photographs
of the numerous old buildings in the
neighbourhood of Worksop of a moderate
size and cost in proportion, he will render
good service to the cause of archsBology,
in which he evidently feels a real interest.
Brazil: its History, People, Natural
Productions, ifc, (Religious Tract So-
ciety.)—This is a very well put together
little volume, relating to a country that
seems to have a noble course before it.
Except in one grand particular, in which
we conceive the matter is overstated, we
SCO Brazil represented as with all, or more
than all, of the advantages of the United
States, and very few of their drawbacks.
Its soil and climate, and natural produc-
tions leave nothing to be desired; it has
an established constitutional monarchy,
and a clever, enterprising, kind-hearted
people. Its two great drawbacks are the
asserted general indifierence to religion,
and the existence of slavery. The state-
ments as to the former come mainly from
American Protestant missionaries, and
must, therefore, be taken cum grano salis,
and the latter is, even on American shew-
ing, a very modified form of the "domestie
institution." The following passage will
be found interesting : —
" The slaves in Brazil are generally of a
superior class to those in North America.
There is one rather celebrated race, the
cofiee-carriers of Rio. They usually work
in gangs of from ten to twenty : they are
generally the most powerful men that can
be found: indeed the labour soon wears
them out, and would speedily destroy men
of feebler frames. Great part of the por-
terage of Rio is performed by them. Under
their captain, the largest and strongest
man among them, a troop will hoist, each
of them, a bag of coffee weighing 160
poimds on his head, and, unincumbered
by any clothing other than a pair of short
trowsers, start off at a trot that soon be«
comes a rapid run. One hand steadies the
load, and the other carries and shakes a
sort of child's rattle. In this manner,
shouting some nasal ditty in an unknown
tongue, they plunge round the eorners
and up the sta'eets, to the astomshmeni
and sometimes discomposure of the stiuo-
ger, who is naturally startled at being
charged by a dozen half-naked black giants,
roaring at the top of their voices. Any
one who will try to steady a half-hun-
dred weight on his head for one minote^
may judge what labour these negroes go
through, in carrying all day long nearly
three times the weight at a sharp ran.
"The noise they made was so great,
that a few years ago an attempt was made
to stop them. They were forbidden to
sing. The immediate result was tiiat
they did no work — hot in the way of
strike, but of positive depression, and in-
ability to go on without the old chant;
just as the dray-horse will stop if the
bells are taken off his collar, or a file of
camels lie down, and be beaten to death
rather than rise, if the jingling iron pot
is taken off the leader's neck. The pro-
'hibition was perforce repealed, and the
work and the noise beg^ agaiOf nnd go
on to this day.
"The coffee-carriers and most of the
half-independent open-air slaves in Brasil
— those who pay a sort of ' obrok' (as a
Russian serf would call it) to their masters
in lieu of their personal service— are of
the Mina tribe, from the coast of Benin.
They are a sing^ularly powerful and inde-
pendent race. The coffee-carriers have a
system of subscribing to buy the freedom
of their best man. Mr. Fletcher tells of
a huge black porter in Rio, who was called
' the prince^' being of royal race in his
own land. His subjects in Rio bought
I860.]
Brazil : its History, People, ^c.
311
freedom once, and he returned to Africa.
Unmindful of his past experience, he en-
gaged in war, waa again captured, and
again sold and shipped to Rio, where he
is now, a porter as before, and in no way
depressed by the remembrance of his twice-
lost throne. This man carried a case be-
longing to a friend of Mr. Fletcher's two
miles and a half on his head. In Phila-
delphia, he says, four American negroes
had been unable to manage it, until half
emptied.
" Mr. Fletcher thinks that the whole of
the Brazilian negroes are of a superior
race to the Americans. The Minas, par-
ticularly, are almost useless as house-ser-
vants, and will not, or cannot, live exoept
in the open air. They are all Mohamme-
dans, and speak a language unknown to
the Brazilians, or even the other negroes.
They are also far more turbulent and im-
patient than the common negro. In 1858,
the disturbances in Bahia were partly
caused, and rendered tenfold more sangui-
nary, by the Mohammedan Minas, who
abound in that city. They buy their free-
dom in great numbers occasionally. In
1851, sixty of them purchased themselves
of their masters, and then sailed in a body
for Benin, paying down 4000 dollars pas-
sage money." — (pp. 166 — 167.)
The following is a curious passage to
find in a book issued by a Tract Society ;
the authority is an American viutor to
Brazil:
"The great employment of nearly all
classes is music The richer classes are
all excellent performers on the harp and
piano, while the guitar and its negro
counterpart the marimbas, more popu-
larly known as the banjo, are the universal
companions of the poor, or rather poorer,
for there are hardly any paupers in this
happy land. Over the length and breadth
of the country are spread those ulnquitous
ditties known among us as 'neg^o melo-
dies.' They really must appeal to some
sympathetic feeling of our fallen nature.
The corruption of some Italian lay, com-
posed by a negro on a South Carolina
estate from hearing his mistress trying
over the original, wanders to New Or-
leans, then to New York and Boston :
thence it finds its way to England, is sung
in chorus by our black-faced street bands,
set upon barrel organs, whistled by our
street«boys, and sold by thousands in our
music shops : next it traverses the whole
Continent, sometimes in native simplicity,
and sometimes in the guise of unsp^ably
ludicrous translations. In the furthest
colonies, among the sheep-farms and gold-
beds of Australia, in the warehouses of
Chinese merchants, under the shadow of
ruined Mohammedan mosques and Hindoo
temples, in the forts of fur-hunters north
of the Great Lakes, in the cuttings of the
Panama railway, and in the sunny streets
and squares of Brazilian towns and vil-
lages, the sorrows and joys of Rosa, My
Mary Anne, Buffalo Girls, and Uncle Ned
are whistled, sxmg, and shouted with un-
impaired interest, in every tone and every
dialect. In Brazil they are as popular
as in the Minories. 'Rosa d' Alabama,'
and < Senhoritas de Bufi^o,' in the polite
and sonorous Portuguese tongue, are made,
regardless of prosody or metre, to fit the
old accustomed melodies. Mr. Fletcher
expatiates with pardonable pride on this
universal popularity of his nation's most
national product. At one o'clock in the
morning, from the top of a Charing Cross
omnibus, he heard 'Susannah don't yon
cry' from the lusty throats of a dozen
young Britons; passing over the Gloria
Hill behind Rio de Janeiro, the same wel-
come notes greeted his ear from a Brazilian
cottage; and sitting at midnight among
the ruins of Terracina, the ancient Auxar
[Anxur ?], meditating on the past glories
of the Etruscan and Roman empires, and
on the great apostle who 1800 years be-
fore had lodged at the neighbouring
' Three Taverns,' the sorrowful and affect-
ing legend of ' Uncle Ned,' who ' had no
wool on the top of his head,' awoke the
stillness of the night with bsrely appro-
priate patho6."~(pp. 210, 211.)
We may remark that the book haa
several neat wood eng^vings, and a good
coloured map of Etenzil, together with
plans of the cities of Rio de Janeiro and
Fcrnambuco.
812
[Sept.
BIRTHS.
May 3. Mrs. Jas. Ony Thonuon, Bonbnrj,
Western Australia, a son.
May 25. At the residence of her father, the
Bight Hon. James Wilson, Calcutta, the wife of
William Sterling Halsey, esq., B.C.S., a dau.
Juneli, At Calcutta, the wife of J. B. B.
Elliott, esq., late Captain iSrd light Infantry,
a son.
June SO. The wife of Anthony Lefroy, esq.,
Goderich, Canada West, a son.
July 1. At his mother's house, Tork-terrace,
Leamington, the wife of Edward Westby Nunn,
esq., of Hill Castle, co. Wexford, and Wilbary-
park, Wilts, a dau.
July 5. At Edinburgh, Lady Frances Tre-
mayne, a dau.
July 9. At Horfield Rectory, near Bristol, the
wife of Edward O. Richards, esq., of Langford-
house, Somerset, a dau.
At Leamington, the Hon. Krs. St. John Me-
ihuen, a dau.
July 12. At Hitcham Rectory, the wife of
Hi^oi^ Barnard, a dau.
July 15. The Hon. Mrs. F. Webb, Donning-
ton-hall, Herefordshire, a son, which suryiyed
but a short time.
July 16. At the Lawn, Warwick, the wife of
George H. Nelson, esq., a son.
July 17. At the Parsonage, Oswaldtwistle, the
wife of the Rev. B. Haslewood, a son and dau.
July 18. Lady Cuningham Fairlie, Kelso, N.B.,
a son.
The wife of Lieut-CoL Cooper, Grenadier
Guards, Hertford-st., Mayfair, a son.
At Brasted, Sevenoaks, the Lady Affleck, a son.
At the Rectory, Heddington, Wilts, the wife
of the Rey. F. Houssemayne Du Boulay, a dau.
July 19. At Alyerstoke, near Goeport, the wife
of Mi^or Cookson, Durham Militia Artillery, a
son.
July 20. At East Cowes-park, Isle of Wight,
the wife of H. C. Ross Johnson, esq., a son.
At Hardenhuish, Wilts, the wife of E. L. Out-
terbuck, esq., a dau.
July 22. At Cleyedon, Somersetshire, the wife
of W. J. M. Pocock, esq., a son.
At Famham, Surrey, the wife of Henry Rob-
aon, esq., Capt. 12th Regt, a son.
July2Z, At Bridport, Dorsetshire, Mrs. Geo.
B. Ewens, a son.
At Bedford-house, Sidmouth, Deyon, the wife
of H. Somhoe, esq., a dau.
July 24. At Laurel-lodge, The Waldrons, Croy«
don, Mrs. Henry Layer, a son.
The wife of the Rey. H. M. Sims, Rector of
Hinderwell, Yorkshire, a son.
At Scarbro*, the wife of the Rey. Charles N.
Paulet, Incumbent of Kirk Hammerton, a son.
At Ardmore, the wife of Thos. FitsGerald, esq.,
of Ballinaparka, High Sheriff of the county of
Waterford, a soia.
11
July 25. At Burley, near Leeds, the Hon*
Mrs. W. B. Denison, a dau.
July 26. At Chapel-st., Grosyenor-aq., the
Hon. Mrs. Seymour Dawson Damer, a dau.
At Sandrock, near Famham, the wife of Mi^or
George Waldegraye Bligh, late 60th Royal Rifles,
a dau.
At Spenithome-hall, Bedale, the wife of Regi-
nald Henry Sykes, esq., a son.
At Whitburn, the wife of Thoe. B. Harrison,
esq., a dau.
July 27. At Toronto, Canada, the wife of
Alfred Wyndham, esq., a son.
At New Bams, West Mailing, Kent, the wife
of John Gordon, esq., a dau.
At the residence of her father. Quarry-house,
Shrewsbury, the wife of R. Banner Oakeley, esq.^
a son.
July 28. In the Turl, Oxford, the wife of
Mr. James Parker, a son.
At Aller Rectory, Somerset, the wife of the
Rey. J. Y. Nicholson, a son.
At Bedford-park, Croydon, Surrey, the wiib of
James Skinner, esq., a dau.
July 29. At WUlow-cresoent, Mrs. Baillie
Cochrane, a son and heir.
At Spring-cottage, Great Grimsby, (late of
Grainsby Manor-house,) the wife of Thoa. Sands,
esq., a son and heir.
At Forton-house, near Chard, the wife of
Samuel Forward, esq., a dau.
At Road, Mrs. Sayill Kent, a son, prematurely.
July 80. At Parkhurst-barraoks, Isle of ^Hght,
the wife of Mi^or Frederick Biscoe Tritton, 5th
Depot Battalion, a son.
At Athennum-terrace, Plymouth, the wifSe of
Capt. Widdicombe, Tth Regt. Bombay Natiye
Infantry, a dau.
At Lariggan, near Penzance, the wife of Wal-
ter Borlase, esq., a dau.
July 31. At Elemore-hall, the wife of Henry
John Baker Baker, esq., a son.
Aug. 1. At Montague-pl., Worthing; the wilb
of Charles Bridger, esq.. Royal Sussex Light In-
fantry, a dau.
At Sion-cottage, Carisbrook, Isle of Wight, the
wife of the Rey. Henry Brooks, a son.
At the Groye, Isle of Portland, the wife of
WUliam Edward Buller, esq., late of the 14th
(King's) Light Dragoons, a dau.
At Hoo Mcayy, near Tayistock, the wife of
Capt. George Parker, R.N., a son.
At Acomb-hall, near York, Mrs. Robert Swann,
a dau.
At Kimbeiley, Falmouth, the wife of Walter
Elliott Browne, esq., a son.
At Malaga, the wife of the Rey. Matthew Pow-
ley. Chaplain of the British Episcopal Chnreh,
a son.
Aug. S. At High '^^^ekham, HastiagB, the wifie
of Charles North Wlntour, etq.,*a da««
I860.]
Births.
313
At Corsham, Wilts, the wife of Martin Folkes
Bush, esq., surgeon, a dan.
At Westbourne-creseent, Hyde-park, the wife
of George Salmon, esq., a son.
Aug. 3. In Invemess-ter., Kensington-gar-
dens, the wife of George £. Adams, esq., bar-
rister-at-law, a son.
At Rutland-gate, the Hon. Mrs. Lonis Hope,
adau.
At Amcliife-hall, Northallerton, the wife of
Douglas Brown, esq., barrister-at-law, a dan.
Aug. 4. At Winton-villa, Leamington, the
wife of Col. "W. H. Vicars, a son.
Aug, 5. In Berkeley-sq., the wife of George
Petro, esq., Secretary to H.M.'s Legation at Han-
over, a son.
At the Parsonage, Hounslow, 'the wife of the
Rev. Edward East, a son.
At Brightwell Rectory, Wallingford, Berks,
the wife of the Rev. R. N. Milford, a dan.
At UuUand-hall, Derbyshire, the wife of John
K. Fitzherbert, esq., a dau.
At St. Paul's-sq., York, the wife of Richard
Perkins, esq., a son.
At the Lodge, Corpus Christi College, Cam-
bridge, the wife of the Rev. James Pulling, D.D.,
a son.
At the Cathedral-close, Lichfield, the wife of
Chas. Grcsley, esq., a son.
At Stone, near Berkeley, Gloucestershire, the
wife of Capt. J. M. Cripps, ILM.'s Bengal Army,
a dau.
At Kensington, the wife of J. Colboome, esq.,
a son.
At Tower- villa, Weston-super-Mare, the wife
of Col. H. Shuckburgh, a son.
Aug. 6. At Talacre, Flintshire, the Hon. Lady
Mostyn, a son.
At Lcyboume Rectory, Kent, the wife of the
Rev. II. Charles Hawley, a dau.
The wife of F. Perkins, esq.. Mayor of South-
ampton, a dau.
At Naish-house, Somersetshire, the wife of
Cnpt. Pilgrrim, a dau.
At Radcliffe-on-Trent, the wife of J. B. Taylor,
esq., a son.
Aug. 7. At East wick-park, Surrey, the wife of
Hedworth D. Barclay, esq., a son.
At the Green, Bridlington, Mrs. M. Richard-
son, a son.
At Brighton, the wife of Capt. Chas. Wyndham
Lamotte, a dau.
At Morley-hall, Barrow, Mrs. J. Grice, a son.
Aug. 8. At Windsor, the Hon. Mrs, Henry
Campbell, a dau.
At More-pl., Bctchworth, the widow of the
Rev. W. Wilson, late Vicar of Banbury, Ozon,
a dau.
At Claughton, Cheshire, Mrs. J. R. Brougham,
a dau.
At Heathficld-park, co. Donegal, the wife of
G. £. L. Bissett, esq., late Capt. 19th Rcgt., a dau.
Aug. 9. At Mariston, Plymouth, the Hon. Lady
Lopes, a dau.
Aug. 10. At Lower Baggot-st., Dublin, the
wife of Lieut. -Col. Hawley, 60th Rifles, a son.
At Nottingham, the wife of B. F. Popham,
esq., M.D., a son.
Aug. II. At Cottisford-rectory, the wife of the
Rev. C. S. Harrison, a son.
At the Ness, Shaldon, Devon, the Lady Cliffbrd,
adau.
At the Rectory, Charlton Musgrore, the wife
of the Rev. C. M. Leir, a son.
At Southsea, Hants, the wife of Col. Pierrepont
Munday, Royal Artillery, a son.
At Ribston-hall, Yorkshire, the wife of John
Dent Dent, esq., M.P., a son.
At Pleasley-vale, Derbyshire, the wife of Wm.
Hollins, esq., a son.
At Spring-hill, Bromley, Kent, the wife of
Clement Satterthwaite, esq., a son.
Aug. 12. At Shugborough, the Countess of
Lichfield, a dau.
At Firby-hall, Yorkshire, the wife of Robt H.
Bower, esq., a son and heir.
At Forest-hill, Kent, the wife of Julias Cnsar,
esq., a son.
At Dundee, the wife of Capt. Sherlock, 74th
Highlanders, a son.
Aug. 13. At Crow-hill, Nottinghamshire, the
wife of Capt. Buckle, H.M.'s 40th Regt., a son.
At Langley-villa, Clifton-hill, Brighton, the
wife of Lieut. -Col. F. A. Oose, a son.
At St. Austell, the wife of W. T. Plowman,
esq., M.D., a son.
Aug. 14. In Lowndes-sq., the wife of Henry
Calloy, esq., of Burderop-park, Wilts, a son.
At Banstead, the wife of Capt. L. Flower, 3rd
Royal Regt. Surrey Militia, a dau.
Aug. 15. At the Palace, Salisbury, the wife
of the Bishop of Salisbury, a dau.
In the Minster-yard, Lincoln, Mrs. R. Trotter,
adau.
At Belmont-hill, Lee, Kent, the wife of John
Paterson, esq., a dau.
At Sandgatc, the wife of the Rer. H. C. Heil-
bronn, a son.
At Steyne-house, Bognor, Sussex, the wife of
Alfred Stevens Erwin, esq., a son.
Aug. 16. At Kingston, Notts, Lady Belper,
adau.
At Springwells, Steyning, the wife of G. Gates,
Jun., esq., a dau.
In Brunswick-sq.. Brighton, the wife of C, G.
Mansel, esq., a dau.
AtCamdcn-park, Tunbridge Wells, Mrs. Fred,
Parker, a son.
Aug. 17. At Haes-house, near Petworth, Sus-
sex, the wife of Richard Goatcher, esq., a dau.
At Swainston, Isle of Wight, Lady Simeon,
a dau.
Aug. 20. At Sion College-gardens, the wifo
of the Rev. Lewis Borrett White, a son.
Qent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
pp
814
[Sept.
MARRIAGES.
Junt 12. At Capetown, Nicholas Loftos Gray,
esq., L.R.G.S.I., 13th Light Infantry, third son
of N. Gray, esq., ' Tenessy-park, Kilkenny, to
Mary Ethol, fourth dau. of the late Henry John
ICant, esq., of Bath, and Shrub-hill-house, Box,
Wilts.
July 3. At Avening, Gloucestershire, the Bev.
Christopher Cookson, B.D., Fellow and Tutor of
St. John's Coll., Oxford, to Harriet Charlotte,
dau. of Robert Onebye Walker, esq., of Avening-
court.
At Clifford Chambers, Gloucestershire, Edward
Henry, eldest son of the Rev. J. W. Watts, Vicar
of Bicester, to Frances Elizabeth, only child of
the late Rev. Arthur Mogg.
July 5. At Hawick, the Rev. Dixon Brown,
of Unthank-hall, Northumberland, to Georgi-
ana Elizabeth, dau. of Col. Fcrrars Loftus, and
grand-dau. of the late Gen. and Lady Elizabeth
Loftus.
At the Abbey Church, Great Malvern, the Rev.
ConoUy McCausland, M.A., Curate of Wrockwar-
dine, Shropshire, to Philadelphia Mary, only
dau. of the late Rev. B. G. Blackden, Rector of
Thorpe, Derbyshire.
At St. Thomas's Protestant Episcopal Church,
Broadway, New York, Abel, youngest son of
George Easton, esq., of Strathfiuldtiaye, Hants,
to Louisa, dau. of the late Mr. William Thorn, of
Tumbam-green, Middlesex.
July 10. At. St. James's, Piccadilly, Col. Leith
Hay, C.B., 93rd Highlanders, to Christina Grace
Agnes, eldest dau. of the late W. C. Hamilton,
esq., of Craiglaw, Wigtonshire.
At Sotterley, Mr. L. D. Cundall, to Elizabeth,
Ellen, eldest dau. of the Rev. S. S. Warmoll,
Rector of Sotterley.
July 11. At Edgbaston, William Henry Max-
well, son of William Slews, esq., of Spring-hill-
house, Birmingham, to Frances, second dau. of
J. Evans, Esq., of Wellington-road, Edgbaston.
At Camberwell, the Rev. G. Gyles, B.A.,
Christ's Coll., Cambridge, to Maria, eldest dau.
of the late C. Bromley, esq.. Stone, Stafford-
shire.
At Trowbridge, Wilts, Mr. Walter Newth, to
Anna Maria, third dau. of Thomas Gerrish, esq.,
of Trowbridge.
At Cowbridge, the Rev. J. B. Gwyn, to Laura
Anne, dau. of the late J. Thomas, esq., of Caer-
cady.
July 12. At Leamington Priors, Edward,
youngest son of the late Adm. Sir Robert Waller
Otway, hart., G.C.B., and late Capt. Scots Fusi-
lier Guards, to Adelaide, dau. of Robert Hassal
Straffield, esq., of West Down-lodge, Dorset-
shire.
At St. James's, Paddlngton, William Orlando,
eldest son of the late William Stoton, esq., for-
merly of Wimbledon, Surrey, to Elizabeth Anne,
eldest dau. of Alf. W. F. Jeston, esq., of Malme»<
bury, Wilts.
At Steeple Bumpstead, near Haverhill, Essex,
Capt. E. O'Callaghan, 16th Regt, to Frances
Isabella, widow of Capt. N. B. Walton, 17th
Regt.
At Theydon Gernon, W. B. Persse, esq., Adja-
tant Royal Wiltshire Militia, only son of the
late CoL Persse, C.B., to Anne Jane, third daa.
of John C. Whiteman, esq., of Theydon-grove,
Essex.
At Walcot, Edmund Rogers Shaw, Mq., of
Springflcld-pl., Lansdown-rd., Bath, to Rosetta
Adele, second dau. of the late Hon. Benjamin
Mairet, of Neufcbatel, Switzerland.
July 13. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Sir
Brydges Henniker, of Newton-hall, Essex, to
Louisa, third dau. of Mr. Hughan, of Airds, N.B.,
and the late Lady Louisa Hughan.
At Clapham, Surrey, William Dew6 Piers,
esq., son of the late Rev. Octavius Piers, Vicar of
Preston, Dorset, to Harriott, dau. of the lata
John Sowerby, esq., of Hackney, Middlesex, and
Terrington, Yorkshire.
Ju^y 17. At Littleham-cum-Exmonth, Edgar
Musgrave, esq., only surviving soil of the Rct.
G. Musgrave, of Sbillington-manor, Bedfordshire,
to Henrietta Maria, youngrat surviving dau. of
John Teschemaker, esq., D.C.L., of Exmoath,
formerly of Amersford, Demerara.
At Mortlake, Surrey, Frederick Walter Gan-
dry, esq., eldest son of Bowden Oundry, esq., of
Bridport, to Mary, only dau. of the late Ber. P.
Denniss.
At Anmer, the Rev. C. H. Lucas, Beotor of
Edith-Wcston, Rutlandshire, to Lucy Harriet,
second dau. of H. W. Coldham, esq., of Annxer-
haU, Norfolk.
L. Levison, esq., Vice-consul to H.M. the King
of Denmark, and Consul for the Republic of
Chili, to Harriette Constantia, second dau. of
Edwd. A. Applewhaite, esq., of Rickenham-hall,
Swafiham.
At Banbury, the Rev. J. D. ^h, M.A., to
Henrietta Barnes, youngest dau« of S. Chester-
man, esq., of that town.
July 18. At Hampstead, Thomas Geo. Tebsy,
M.D., of Warwick-ter., Belgrave-rd., to Charw
lotte, youngest dau. of the late Robert Waylen,
esq., of Devizes.
At St. Peter's, Pimlico, Edward Chapman,
eldest son of Clayton Clayton, esq., of Bradford
Abbas, Dorset, to Charlotte Diana, daa. of the
late Thomas Tyrwhltt Drake, esq., of Shardeloes,
Amersham.
At Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, Hector Helsham, «
M.D., of Yarmouth, Ij»le of Wight, to Amelia, ^s.
fourth dau. of John Clark, esq., R.N., of Hurst- !r*
pierpoint, lately of Yarmouth. r. ■•
At Long Ashton, Somenet, Joseph Oio^»'
I860.]
Marriages.
315
jun., esq., of Bristol, to Maria, elder surviving
dau. of W. B. Tibbits, epq., of Bower Ashton,
formerly of Braunston, Northamptonshire.
At Pennington, Hants, Thomas Farquhar, esq.,
M.D., n.M.'s Bengal Army, to Charlotte, dau.
of the late Capt. A. S. Fisher, H.M.'8 72nd High-
landers.
July 19. At Knareshro*, Capt. Leslie, of the
Boyal Horse Guards, to Emma Louisa Catherine,
dau. of the late Charles Slingshy, esq., of Loftus-
hill, and sister of Sir Charles Slingsby, bart., of
Scriven-park, Knareshro*.
At Westminster Abbey, John Gilbert Talbot,
esq., eldest son of the late Hon. John Chetwynd
Talbot, and nephew of the Earl of Shrewsbury
and Talbot, to the Hon. Muriel Sarah Lyttelton,
eldest dau. of Lord Lyttelton.
At Cheltenham, James A. M. Biggs, Lieut.
II.M.'s Bengal Army, youngest son of the late
Major-Gen. J. A. Biggs, Bengal Artillery, to
Augusta Katherine, youngest dau. of the Rer.
James T. C. Saunders, of Cheltenham.
At Bromsgrove, Benjamin Lawrence Sanders,
esq., of Stoke-grange, Worcestershire, and
Street-court, Herefordshire, to Annie, only dau.
of F. Watt, esq., of the Forlands, Bromsgrovc.
At Gormanston-castlc, John Arthur Farrell,
esq., of Moynolty, co. Meath, to Lucretia, second
dau. of the llight Hon. Viscount GormansUMi.
At Chetton, the Rev. J. S. Purton, B.D., Pre-
sident and Tutor of St. Catherine's College, Cam-
bridge, to Caroline Hester, only dan. of T. P.
Purton, esq., of Faintree-hall, near Bridgrnorth.
At llathmolyon, James E. Dashwood, esq.,
son of Vicc-Adm. Dashwood, to Annie Mildred,
dau. of Robert Fowler, esq., of Rahinston-house,
CO. Mrath.
At Richmond, Surrey, Carteret J. H. Fletcher,
esq., eldest son of John Fletcher, esq., of Bough-
ton-hall, to Agnes Wheler, second dan. of Rob.
Smith, esq., of Richmond.
At Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton, Richard
Cliarles, son of John Braithwaite, esq., C.E., to
Lucy Louisa, dau. of John WcUer, esq.
July 23. At St. Martin's, Leicester, N. Milne,
esq., manager of the National Provincial Bank
in that town, to Maria Vye, second dau. of the
late T. Burbidge, esq., solicitor, of the same
place.
Jxtly 24. At Durham, the Rev. T. E. Lord,
Rector of Howdon, to Catherine, eldest dau. of
the late Rev. George Bowness, of Chester-le-
Strect.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., H. Lyon, esq.,
of Appleton-hall, Cheshire, to Yanda, third dau.
of Col. Wilson Patten, M.P.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Henry, eldest
son of the late Rev. Frederick Langford Tonge,
Great Torrington, to Annie Mortimer Denzil,
only dau. of William Cole Long, esq. Park-lane,
Hyde-park.
At St. George's, Hanovcr-sq., Capt Lenox
Prcndergast, Scots Greys, to Marion, eldest dau.
of the late Neill Malcolm, esq., of Poltalloch.
At Perth, Lieut.-Col. James Hunter, H.M.'s
Indian Array, to Alexa, eldest dau. of the late
lUsv. John Dodgson, of Comely-bauk, Perth.
At Kirkleatham, John Macrobin, esq., M.D.,
Professor of Medicine in the University of Aber-
deen, to Eleanor Isabella, dau. of the late Mr.
Christopher Cattle, of Easing wold.
At Seaton Carew, Durham, William Crawford,
esq., of Leeds, barrister-at-law, to Caroline Mar-
garette, oldest dau. of William Blanshard, esq..
Recorder of Doncaster.
As St. Mark's, Albert-road, Henry Blathwajt
Festing, esq., eldest son of Capt. Posting, K.H.,
R.N., of Fern-cottage, Exeter, to Mary Eliza,
eldest dau. of R. J. S. Todd, esq., of Gloucester-
road, Regrent's-park.
At Heavitree, the Rev. W. Kermode, Incum-
bent of Ramsey, in the Isle of Man, to Margaret,
youngest dan. of the late J. R. Pizey, esq., of
Buenos Ayres.
At St. James's, Pieeadilly, the Rev. Robert
Braithwaite Batty, M.A., elder son of the late
Lieut.-Col. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, and
grandson of the late Sir John Barrow, hart., to
Beatrice, eldest dau. of the Rev. Henry Stebbing,
D.D., Rector of St. Mary's, Upper Thames-st.
July 25. At St. James's, Dover, WUliam James
Smith-Neill, esq.. Royal Artillery, of Bamweill
and Swindridge-Muir, Ayrshire, eldest son of
the late Brigadier-Oen. Nelll, C.B., U.E.I.C.8.,
to Jessie Gideon, youngest dau. of George L,
Wood, esq.
At Leeds, William Frederick Dixon, esq., of
Birley-house, near Sheffield, only son of W. F,
Dixon, esq., J.P., of Page-hall, to Frances Mary,
only dau. of J. W. Leather, esq., of Newton-
green, near Leeds.
At Sulhamstcad Banister, the Rev. John
Browne, B.A., late of Queen's College, Oxford,
to Harriot Caroline Brutton, second dan. of the
late Capt. Wells, R.N.
At Croydon, St. George Tucker, esq., Bengal
Civil Service, to Frances Margaret, only dau. of
Major-Gen. Sir Frederick Abbott, C.B., Lieut-
Governor of the Royal Indian Military College,
Addiscombe.
At Brighton, Thomas Aislabie, only son of A.
Vigne, esq., of Pembridge-pl., Bayswater, to
Julia Maria, younger dau. of the late Rev. Geou
Vigne, Vicar of Tillingham, Essex.
At Stepney, John, eldest son of the late J.
Sadd, esq., of Maldon, Essex, to Mary Ann,
eldest dau. of H. Price, esq.
At Southgate, Richard Dickinson, esq., son of
John D. Dickinson, esq., of Purley-lodge, near
Croydon, to Amelia Jane, eldest surviving dan.
of J. Thornton, esq., of Bearer-hall, Southgate.
At Chester, William Gibson, esq., of Norton,
to Minnie, third dau. of the late Joseph White,
esq., of Sutton-hall, Cheshire.
July 26. At Aghada, co. Cork, the Rev. T. P.
Little, Incumbent of Pauntley and Oxenhall,
Gloucestershire, to Anne Esther Maria, second
dau. of the late Lieut.-Gen. Sir Joseph Thack-
well, G.C.B., 16th Lancers, late Inspecting Gene-
ral of Cavalry, &c.
At Petersfield, the Rev. Henry John Wickham,
M. A., Fellow of New College, and Tutor of Win-
chester, to Mary Emily, youngest dau. of Wil-
liam Mitchell, esq.
816
Marriages.
[Sept.
At Tideswell, Derbyihire, J. J. Wallis, esq., to
Barah Ann, only dan. of the late Bernard Kaine,
esq., of Market Bosworth.
At Woolwich, Wm. Boyer, esq., of Skeflingrton-
yale, to Enuna Matthews, youngest dan. of the
late John Hopkins, esq., of the Old Kent Road,
and sister to Col. Hopkins, C.B., Royal Marines
(Light Infantry), A.D.C. to her Majesty.
At Rotherfield, Geo. B. M'Nair, esq., youngest
■on of the late Lieut.-Gol. M*Nair, K.H., of
Greenfield, Lanarkshire, to Frances Dorothy,
third dan. of the late Rev. J. Dixon, Yicar of
Garton, Yorkshire.
At St. Peter's, Pimlico, John Honchen, esq., of
Thctford, Norfolk, to Harriet, dau. of the late
Rev. George Jarris, B.D., of Buxton, and Yicar
of Tuttington, Norfolk.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Archibald Gunn,
esq., of Taunton, Somerset, to Elizabeth, only
dau. of Henry King, esq., of Albemarle-street,
FiccadUly.
At St. George's, Llandudno, Mr. R. Robinson,
of Drayton-lodge, Leicestcrsh., to Olivia Emma,
second dau. of T. Hollick, esq., of Nimeaton.
At Killingholme, George Gale, esq., solicitor, of
Hull, to Amelia Charlotte, eldest dau. of the late
Rev. Jas. David Glover, M.A., formerly Yicar of
East Halton, Lincolnshire.
At Chilbolton, Hants, Henry Chas. Lane, esq.,
bf Middleton, Sussex, late of the 2nd Life Guards,
to Catherine, youngest dau. of the Rev. Anthony
L. Lambert, Rector of Chilbolton.
At Kensington, the Rev. R. O. T. Thorpe, M. A.,
Fellow of Christ's College, Yicar of St. Clement's,
Cambridge, to Emilie Munday, of Pembridge-
house, Westbourne-grove.
At Bruton, Somerset, Francis Chas. Hingeston,
Rector of Ringmore, Devon, to Martha Jane, only
child of the Rev. Herbert Randolph, of Tolbury-
bouse, Bruton.
At Wardle, Lancashire, Charles Baker, esq., of
St. Petersburgh-pl., Bayswater, son of William
Baker, esq., of Derby, to Frances, dau. of James
Cross, esq., of Rochdale.
At Chelsea, Isaac Campbell Rutter, esq., of
Glebelands, Mitcham, to Alice Agar, youngest
dau. of Robert Ellis, esq., of Walton-place.
At Christ Church, Forest-hill, Thos. Meeking,
of Rock-pk., Rock Ferry, Cheshire, eldest son of
Thos. Meeking, esq., of Bulmer, Esi^ex, to Isa-
bella, eldest dau. of Arthur Steains, esq., of
Forest-hill, Kent.
July 27. At Kingston, Hants, Charles John,
younger son of Peter Gold, esq., of Lower Clap-
ton, to Cleer, dau. of the late Richard Reed, esq.,
of Portsea, Hants.
July 28. At Walton-on-Thames, James Cotter
Morrison, esq., to Frances Adelaide, eldest dau.
of George Yirtue, esq., Oatlands-pk., Surrey.
At St. George's, Hanovcr-sq., Francis Robert,
eldest son of Augustus Newton, esq., of Curzon-
fltreet, Mayfair, grandson of the late Adm. Robert
J. Rickctts, and nephew of Sir Com wallis Ricketta,
bart., of Beaumont Leys, and Grosvcnor-place, to
Ann, dau. of the late John Claypole, esq., mer-
chant, of Liverpool.
July 30. At Truro, Donald Madcod Smith,
esq., barrister, of Edinburgh, to Christina, second
dau. of the late G. Gunn, esq., of Rhines, buther-
land, N.B.
July 31. At St. Mary's Scottish Episcopal
Church, Glasgow, Mr. Wm. Lawson, third master
of Durham Training School, to Flora, fourth dan.
of Richard Watson, esq., steward of the Fossil
Estate, Lanarkshire.
At Shortflatt-tower, Lord Decies, to Catherine
Anne, second dau. of Wm. Dent Dent, esq., of
Shortflatt-tower, Northumberland.
At Castle Donington, Thomas Fielden Uttley,
esq., of Water-side, Todmorden, Yorkshire, to
Elizabeth, youngest dau. of the late R. P. Hyatt,
esq., of the former place.
At St. Andrew's, Halstead, Philip M. Wilmot,
esq., M.D., of Southampton, to Emma, second
surviving dau. of the late Sturgeon Nunn Brew-
ster, esq., of White Notley-hall.
At Tottington, Norfolk, the Rev. J. E. Trough-
ton, to Isabella Henrietta, youngest dau. of Col.
C. Shaw, R.A., and granddau. of the late 6«i. A.
Shaw, Governor of the Isle of Man.
At Cambridge, R. B. Hayward, esq., M.A., late
Fellow of St. John's College, Assistant-Master in
Harrow School, to Marianne, second dau. of the
late Henry Francis Rowc, esq., Cambridge.
Aug, 1. At St. Leonard's, Exeter, the Rev.
Fred. Wm. Farrer, M.A., Fellow of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, to Lucy Mary, third dau. of the
late Frederick Cardew, of the H.E.I. Company's
Bengal Civil Service.
At St. Luke's, Leeds, Fretwell William Hoyle,
esq., F.G.H.S., solicitor, Rotherham, eldest wm
of Wm. Fretwell Hoyle, esq., of Ferham-house«
Yorkshire, to Rosa, third dau. of Albert Davy,
esq., of Leeds, Consul of the United States of
America.
At Sandal Magna, Richard Dugdale, second
son of Richard Kay, esq., of Limefield, Bury,
Lancashire, to Yictoria Mary Luis, youngest dan.
of Joze Luis Femandes, esq., of Sandal-honse,
near Wakefield.
At Notting-hill, William, second son of Thos.
Jaoomb, esq., of Lansdowne-terrace, Kenrington-
park, to Eliza Marion, eldest dau. of Isaac Hay-
ton, esq., Kensingrton Park-gardens, formerly of
Ashbridge-house, near Tunbridge.
At Prcstbury, Chas. D. F. Phillips, esq., M.D.,
son of the late Capt. Robert Phillips, 40th
Regt., to Martha Ann, second dau. .of ThonuM
Brocklehurst, esq., of the Fenoehouse, Macclce-
fleld.
At Rainhill, Lancashire, Dr. Sheridan Mus-
pratt, professor of chymistry, Liverpool, to Anne,
eldest dau. of the late John Neale, esq., of the
same place.
At Bumfoot, Hawick, the Rev. David Fother-
ingham, of Glanton, Northumberland, to Sybellji»
youngest dau. of the late Thomas Anderson, esq.,
of Bumfoot.
At Frant, near Tunbridge Wells, Jeffery Mor-
phew, esq., of Brixton, Surrey, to Agnes^ only
dau. of the late Mark Lamb, esq.
Aug. 2. At York, John Charles, second son of
Sir Jos. Radcliffe, bart, of Milner Bxidge-honse,
and Rudding-hall, Yorkshire, to Clementina
I860.]
Marriages.
817
Maria, second dan. of the late Anthony G. "Wright
Biddulph, esq., of Burton-park, Sussex, and Nor-
ton-hall, Norfolk.
At Symondsbury, Dorset, John Grove Johnson,
of Tottenham, to Elizabeth, third dau., and
Charles Stanton Breese, of Acock's-greon, Bir-
mingham, to Sarah Jane, youngest dan. of John
Barnicott, esq., of Bridport, Dorset
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., F. G. M. Boileau,
esq., second son of Sir J. Boileau, of Kettering-
ham, to Lucy Henrietta, eldest dau. of Sir Geo.
Nugent, of West Harling.
At St. James's, Piccadilly, George, second son
of the late Sir Thomas Morrable, to Theresa
Maria, eldest dau. of James Nichols, esq., of
8avillc-row, Burlington-gardens.
At Marlborough, Wilts, the Rev. Franek Shum,
only son of James Shum, esq., of Kirby-le-Soken,
Essex, to Sarah Jane, only child of the late
Thomas Seoger Gundry, esq., of Marlborough.
At St. Marylebone, Charles Doxat, esq., of
Glouccster-sq., to Rosalie Sydney, only dau. of
Vice- Admiral Rattray.
At Much Iladham, Herts, Charles Bagot, son
of the late Joseph Fhillimore, esq., D.C.L., to
Caroline Sophia, second dau. of the Rev. Thos.
Randolph.
At Bruham, Capt. C. R. Fraser, of Her Ma-
jesty's Indian Army, to Julia Josephine Marga-
ret, fourth dau. of W. A. Bethune, esq., of Dim-
robin, Tasmania, now of Colinshays-house, So-
merset.
At the Abbey Church, Great Malvern, Arch.
White, esq., M.D., H.M.I. Service, Bengal, to
Mary Anne, dau. of the late Rich. Booker, esq.,
of Liverpool.
At Plympton St. Mary, G. O. Clark, 47th Regt,
third eon of the late W. J. Clark, esq., of Buck-
land Tout Suints, to Katharine, fourth dan. of the
late T. J. Phillipps, esq., of Sandue, Cornwall.
At St. John's Church, West Croydon, F. H.
Phipps, esq., of Newcastle-on-Tyne, youngest
son of Wm. 8. Phipps, esq., of Newington-pl.,
Kennington-park, to Laura Charlotte Lewis,
youngest dau. of the late W. H. Cross, esq., of
Barnes, Surrey.
Aug. 4. At Trinity Church, St. Marylebone,
n. W. Elphinstone, esq., only son of Sir Howard
PUphinstonc, hart., to Constance Mary Alexan-
der, third dau. of- John A. Uankey, esq., of Bal-
combe-pl., Sussex.
Aug. 5. At St. James's, Westbonmc-ter.,
Hyde-park, H. Clarke, esq., Assistant-Commis-
sary-Gencral, to Eliza, third dau. of Comm. C.
K. Scott, R.N., of Bursledon-house, Brighton.
Aug. 6. At St. Paul's, Knightebridge, Lieut.-
Col. H. G. Wilkinson, Scots Fusilier Guards, to
the Hon. Louisa Catherine Batcman Hanbury,
youngest dau. of the late and sister of the pre-
sent Lord Batcman.
Aug. 7. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt.
the Hon. William E. 8. West, Grenadier Guards,
youngest son of the Earl and Countess Delawarr,
to Georgina, youngest dau. of the late G. Dod-
wcll, esq., of Kcvinsfort, co. Sligo, Ireland.
At St. Mark's, Myddleton-sq., Pentonville,
John, eldest eon of Mr. W. N. Waldram, of Iligh-
st., Leicester, to Louisa Jane, youngest dau. of
the late James Malyon, esq., of Wilmington-sq.,
Clerkenwell, andMontpelicr-road, Peckhom Rye,
Surrey.
At St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Capt. Godfrey, Slst
Regrt. H.M.I.A., to Emily, youngest dau. of the
late Thos. FitzHugh, esq., of Pl&s Power, Den-
bighshire.
At Barham, near Canterbury, the Rev. A. B.
Buter, M.A., Incumbent of All Saints', Mile-end
New-town, to Amelia Damaris, fourth dau. of the
Rev. Thos. Harrison, M.A., Incumbent of Wo-
menswold, Kent.
At Lower Norwood, Samuel Edwin, son of
John Collingwood, esq., of Brighton, to Mary
Fanny, dau. of Henry James, esq., R.N., alao
of Brighton.
At Milton-next-Gravesend, Charles Bush Cla-
bon, esq., of StockwoU, Surrey, to Emily Simp-
son, dau. of the late Rev. James Colville, M.A.,
of Worcester.
At Becking, Essex, Edward Taylor, esq., ar-
chitect, to Elizabeth, dau. of John Gosling, esq.
Aiig. 8. At Yapham, Richard Porter, second
son of John Bulmer, esq., of Prospect-grove,
Pocklington, to Caroline, second dau. of the late
Wm. Forstcr, esq., of Runcorn, Cheshire.
At Daving^on, Henry, eldest son of Henry
Haes, esq., of the Priory, Wondsworth-rd., to
Julio, dau. of Isaac Wildash, esq., of Daviugton-
hall, Kent.
At Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, Hugh Barklie
Blundell, eldest son of the Rev. Thomas McCal-
mont, of Ilighfleld, Southampton, to Edith Flo-
rence* second dau. of Martin Blackmore, esq., of
Ro<«enheim, Bonchurch.
At Prestbury, Cheshire, Henry Critchly Brod-
rick, M.D., 1st Corps Mayne's Horse, to Ellen,
second dau. of Jasper Hulley, esq., The One
House, near Macclesfield.
At Spcen, Berks, Joseph Henry Dyas, Capt. in
H.M.'s Bengal Engineers, to Catherine Louisa
Spry, youngest dau. of the late Thomas Bailey,
solicitor, Chester.
At Chester, J. W. Hopkins, esq., of Leaming-
ton, to Esther, youngest dau. of the late E. M.
Burton, esq., of Parkfield, Middlcton.
A ug. 9. At Southampton, J. P. Lichfield, esq.,
of Stokeville, Staffordshire, second son of the late
William Lichfield, esq., of Nursling, Hants, to
Clara, second dau. of J. R. Ware, esq., of South-
ampton.
At St. Mark's, City Road, Charles Lovegrovo,
esq., surgeon, Sevenoaks, to Catherine, only
child of R. E. Adams, esq., surgeon, of the same
place.
At Cheltenham, John Atkins Mark, H.B.M.'s
Yice-Consul at Malaga, to Elizabeth Josephine,
eldest dau. of the late Rev. Thos. Leach Tovey,
of Newnham, Gloucester.
At Eton College Chapel, the Rev. Henry Pren-
tice, Curate of Bumham, Bucks, to Fanny
Catherine, elder dau. ; and at the same time and
place, the Rev. George R. Dupuis, Fellow of
King's College, Cambridge, to Annette Letitia,
younger dau. of the late Capt. John Kyffin Lloyd,
of H.M.'s 14th Regt.
818
Marriages.
[Sept
At Torquay, James Bomctt, esq., late U.M.'s
Consul in the Brazils, to Susan Margaret, second
dau. of the late W. W. Brock, esq., M.D., late of
Clifton, and formerly of the island of Jamaica.
At Brompton, the Rev. Francis St. John
Thackeray, Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford,
to Louisa Kathcrine, dan. of the late Rev. An-
drew Irvine, of St. Margaret's, Leicester.
At Scarborough, the Rev. George Hogarth,
M.A., Vicar of Barton-upon^Hmnber, Lincoln-
shire, son of the late Rev. D. Hogarth, of Maker-
ston, Roxburghshire, to Jane Elizabeth, eldest
dau. of the late J. Uppleby, esq., of Scarborough.
At Southwold, Suffolk, Charles £. Stewart,
esq., fifth son of the late Hon. T. A. Stewart,
of Douro, Canada West, to Charlotte Mary Jane,
second dan. of the late Capt. F. W. Ellis, R.N.,
of Southwold.
At Wavertrce, Nathaniel Pcarce, eldest son of
Mark Sharman, esq., of Wellingborough, to
Maria, eldest dan. of Wm, Lassell, esq., F.R.3.,
of Liverpool.
Aug. 11 . At the Chapel of the British Embassy
in Paris, Arthur Duke Coleridge, Fellow of
Kingr*s College, Cambridge, and younge>t son of
the late Francis George Coleridge, esq., of Ottcry
8t. Mary, to Mary Anne, eldest dau. of the bito
James Jameson, esq., of Montrose, co. Dublin.
At Regcnt*s-sq. Church, St. Panoras, Thoma8>
son of the late J. Clark, esq., of Aldborough, to
Henrietta, dau. of C. Cradock, esq., late of Pater-
noster-row.
Aiig, 12. At St. Mary's, Islington, Charles
James, third son of the Rev. B. Richardson, of
Glazedale Parsonage, near Whitby, Yorkshire,
to Catherine, eldest dau. of the late Henry Wood,
of I^wes.
Aug. 14. At Brooke, Isle of Wight, the Rev.
Thomas Rcnwick, Rector of Mottistone, and
Vicar of Shorwell, eldest son of the late Rear-
Admiral Renwick, to Mary, eldest dau. of Chas.
Secly, esq., of Brooke-house, Isle of Wight, and
Hoighingtun, lincolns., High Sheriff of Hants.
At Itowington, Warwickshire, Daniel Pitt,
second surviving son of the late George Skipton,
esq., Supci'intcnding Surgeon H.E.I.C.S., to
Mary Gcorgina, eldest dau. of the late Charles
Scott Hadow, esq.
At Doddington, Kent, William, second son of
the late Sir W. Majoribanks, hart,, of Lees, Ber-
wickshire, to Frances Anne, second dau. of the
late Baldwin Duppa Duppa^ esq., of Holling-
boumc-housc, Kent.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Lord Conyers,
to Mary, elder dau. of the late Reginald Curtcis,
esq., and stepdau. of Lt.-Col. Fitxroy Campbell.
At St. Lconar(i's-on-Sea, Capt. Hen. Hamilton
Pratt, late of the 94th Regt., only surviving son
of the late J. Pratt, esq., to Annie Blanche, dau.
of the Rev. John Bonham, of Ballintaggart,
CO. Kildare.
At Tynemouth, William Henry Ransom, M.D.,
of Nottingham, to Elizabeth, dau. of the late
William Bramwell, esq., of Dockwray-sq., Tyne-
mouth.
At St. Matthew's, Nottingham, the Rev. Sam*
Cavan, late Curate of St. Peter's, to Mary Ann^
eldest dau. of Mr. Wm. Knight, of Regent-6t.,
Nottingham.
At Rugby, the Rev. A. Pownall, Rector of
South Kilworth, to Mary St. Clair, second dau.
of the late Rev. J. R. Farness, Vicar of Dinning-
ton, Northumberland.
At St. Mary's, Monmouth, the Rev. Thomas
Heycock, M.A., son of John Hippisley Hey cock,
esq.. East Norton, Leicestershire, to Mary Anna,
youngest surviving dau. of the Ute Jas. Powles,
esq., Monmouth.
Avg. 16. At Halifax, Mr. Wm. Hirst, of Dean
Mills, near Halifax, to Mary, younger dau. of
the late James Fawcett, esq., of Green-field,
Sowcrby.
At Lyminster, Col. St. George, C.B., Royal
Artillery, to Elizabeth Marianne, youngest dau..
of Thos. Evans, esq., Lyminster-hoose, Arundel,
Sussex.
At Leeds, George Yatchel, youngest son of the
late Jonas Ridout, esq., of Moortown-housc,
Whitchurch, Devon, to Mary, eldest dau. of tho
late Mr. Wm. Bulmer, ot Buplingthorpe.
Aug. 16. At St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, Lord
Skelmcrsdale, of Chatham - house, Ormskirk,
Lancashire, Deputy-Lieut, for Lancaster, to the
Hon. Lady Alice Villiers, second dau. of the Earl
of Clarendon.
At Stoke, P. S. Perkins, esq., son of the late
Capt. Thomas Steele Perkins, R.M., to Sarab
Story, dau. of the late James Hansard, esq., of
Daren t-vUla, Westerham, Kent.
At Lindflcld, Sussex, the Rev. Marmaduke
Lawrence Sharpe, of Lindfield, to Julia Senior,
youngest dau. of the late Lewis Goodin Husey-
Hunt, esq., of Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset.
At the Church of the Holy Trinity, We«t-
boume-terr., Wm. Sandwith, esq., Bombay Civil
Service, to Jeminui Mary, youngest dau. of the
late Rev. Sebastian Jas. Gambler, Incumbent of
Sandgatc, Kent.
At Blytbe, Notts, John Holmes, esq., of Lom-
bard-st., and Sydenham-road, Croydon, to Mar-
garet, only dau. of John Camm, esq., of Auater-
field, near Bawtry, Yorkshire.
At St. John's Church, Paddlngton, Clarmont
J. Daniell, esq., Bengal Civil Service, to Fanny
Louisa, youngest dau. of WilHam Prinsep, esq.,
Weston-house, Albury, Guildford.
At St. Mary's, Islington, Thos. Hore Graham,
esq., surgeon, of Lamberhurst, Kent, to Char-
lotte, eldest dau. of Robert Wm. Elliott, esq., of
H.M.'s Inland Revenue Office, Soooerset-houae.
Aug. 17. At St. Margaret's, Lee, Kent, Albert
Gordon Langley, esq., of the Middle Temple,
barrister-at-law, eldest son of Charles Langley,
esq., of Chudlcigh, Devonshire, to Emma, third
dau. of the late Robert Jacomb Hood, esq., of
Bardon-park, Leicestershire.
Aug. 18. At Bimham, Hcrwald Crauford Wake,
C.B., fourth son of Sir Charles Wake, bart., of
Coustcen-hall, to Lucy, fourth dau. of the late
Sir George Sitwell, bart., of Renishav.
I860.]
319
^bituaiK.
\_Relatives or Friends supplying Memoirs are requested to append their Addresses^ i%
order that a Copy of the Gentleman's Maqazinb containing their Communicationt
ff^g be forwarded to them,^
H.I.H. THE Geanb Duohess Akne of
Russia.
August 15. At Elfessan, near Basle,
Switzerland, aged 79, H.I.H. the Grand
Dachess Anne Feodorowna of Rossia, nee
Dachess Julienne Henrietta of Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha, sister of the King of the
Belgians and the Dachess of Kent, and
aunt of Her Majesty.
Tlie deceased Dachess was born in 1781,
and married in 1796 the Grand Duke
Constantine of Russia, elder brother of
the late Emperor Nicholas. The marriage
proved anhappy, the Grand Duke, whose
whole life shewed him to be little better
than a lunatic, treating his young wife
from the very first with contemptuous
indi Terence, which was soon succeeded by
positive cruelty and outrage. The Grand
Duchess at last retired to her father's
court, and positively refused to return to
Russia; and several years later her hus-
band procured a dissolution of their mar-
riage, he having fixed his afiections on a
Polish lady, Johanna Gradziuska, after-
wards Princess Loviez. His brother, the
Emperor Alexander, gave his consent on
condition of Constantine resigning his
right to the imperial succession, which
the latter was quite ready to do. The
Grand Duchess, on returning to Germany,
for more than forty years lived a life of
strict retirement, seldom mingling even
with her own family, but occupying her-
self in works of piety and charity, and her
death has been the cause of great grief to
many poor persons who depended on her
bounty for subsistence.
Thomas Poyseb, Esq.
June 11. At Wirksworth, aged 70,
Thomas Poyser, Esq., F.R.C.S.
At an early age Mr. Poyser succeeded
Dr. Goodwin in the leading practice of
Wirksworth and its district, which ha
retained for nearly fifty years; and no
more touching testimony to the re^>ect
in which he was held could be afforded
than the general closing of the shops
throughout the town on the day of his
funeral. As a benefactor to his county
Mr. Poyser is deserving of honourable
mention in connection with the magni-
ficent County Lunatic Asylum at Mickle*
over: it was mainly through his un-
wearied efforts that public attention was
drawn to the miserable condition of the
pauper lunatics, and the importance of
the subject becoming recognised, meetings
were held, happily resulting in the erec-
tion of that noble Asylum.
In later years Mr. Poyser made the
most active exertions in Derbyshire and
elsewhere towards the building and en-
dowment of the Medical Benevolent Col-
lege at Epsom.
It was in the pursuits of literature that
Mr. Poyser found relief from the cares of
his extensive and laborious practice; the
pages of this Magazine bear testimony to
the graceful facility of his pen and the
ample stores of his mind. His contribu-
tions included a succession of papers on
"The authors of Articles in the 'Quarterly
Review,' *' together with memoirs of Gene-
ral William Bush, and the celebrated
millionnaire, Richard Arkwright, Esq.,
with whom Mr. Poyser was for many
years on terms of intimacy, breakfasting
with him at Willersly regularly every
Thursday morning. The last review which
emanated from Mr. Peyser's pen was a
notice of Miss Nightingale's "Notes on
Nursing." For many years he had been
320 J. F. Young ^ Esq., M.D. — David Irving, LL.D. [Sept.
intimately acquainted with Miss Nightin-
gale, having given her her first hints in
nursing and in medicine, when as a g^rl
she used to attend the sick poor in the
neighbourhood of her father's residence :
to the last he maintained a correspon-
dence with that lady.
In whatever position Mr. Poyser might
have been placed, he could not have
failed to attain distinction. His mind
was deeply embued with religious feeling,
and he was emphatically a comforter in
those scenes of sorrow with which his
profession rendered him familiar; his
memory was retentive, his reading ex-
tensive, and he possessed the gift of bring-
ing his varied stores of knowledge to bear
on whatever subject was under discussion ;
this rendered him a delightful companion
and caused his society to be much sought.
Besides the writings we have already
mentioned, Mr. Poyser contributed several
articles to the " Medico-Chirurgical Re-
view," and was the author of two papers
which attracted some attention : they were
entitled, "Illustrations of the Difficulties
which beset some Cases of Disease," and
*' Cases and Dissections chiefly in reference
to the Uncertainty of Diagnosis."
James Fobbes Youkg, Ebq., M.D.
June 30. At Kennington, Surrey, aged
64, James Forbes Young, Esq., M.D., a
Deputy Lieutenant, and in the Commis-
sion of the Peace for the county of Surrey.
The deceased was the second son of
Jonathan Young, Esq., of Lambeth, many
years resident of that parish, a surgeon,
and an eminent general practitioner in
medicine, whose decease is noticed in our
obituary of the year 1825. Dr. Young
was well known for his general love of
scientific pursuits. He has left a large
herbarium, and a very select collection of
fossils. His collection of ferns and hot-
house plants, extremely choice in their
several varieties, was dispersed by auction
on the 14th of August, and attracted a
very largj concourse of visitors, at his
late residence at Kensington.
David Ibvino, LL.D.
Wb gave in our number for Jnne, p.
645, a brief notice of the life of Df . Irving.
We now borrow some interesting par-
ticulars respecting him from a memoir
furnislied by one who knew him well, to
the " Witness," Edinburgh paper :—
"The task that we allotted to ourselves
in this notice — that, namely, of presenting
our readers with an historic sketch of Dr.
Irving's published writings — has now been
hastily and imperfectly executed. We have
left ourselves no space to speak generally
of his talents and acquirements. It is
pre-eminently as a scholar that he daiini
distinction in our eyes, and it cannot be
doubted that ho was one of the most
finished, accurate, and erudite scholars
that Scotland in his generation could
boast of.
" His knowledge of books, his memory
for all about them, the dates and places,
shapes and forms, of their editions, was
marvellous. His passion for books was
intense. He loved them all with a bro-
therly afi*ection. He watched over those
he liked best with almost a miser's care.
Mother never touched or handled more
gently a cherished infant than he touched
and handled one of his cherished books.
It was with difficulty he could be per-
suaded to put it into ruder hands, and
any rough usage that he saw it getting^
he resented as a personal affront. His
thoughts — we had almost sud his hearts
was centred in his library. In the Advo-
cates' Library there was a private room
which he occupied, and where, in the
course of years, he had gathered around
the chair he sat on some choice bookish
treasures. In 1849, after 29 years' service,
he had to retire from public duty in the
library; but how could he tear himself
from that chair, and from those treasures ?
The day upon which he should have re-
signed his place to his successor came, but
there were some little things that he had
still to do there, and he remained. Day
after day, week after week went past;
there still was something to be aone;
each day saw him ensconced, as of old,
within his den. Once and again he was
reminded that his term of public service
had expired. He would not — coald not
move. At last he was induced to fix on
mid-day of the following Monday as the
hour for the bursting of the tie. It came,
— the day, the hour, — but there was no
sign of movement in that room. Foor
o'clock arrived, and the other public of-
ficers of the institution retired, but ha
12
I860.]
Clergy Deceased.
92;
had not stirred. The shadows of a long
June evening were gathering round the
dusky building ; a light, kindled in that
room, streamed out of its window. He
still was there; nor was it till the mid-
night hour was on the stroke that he rose
and went away — ^never to return.
" That attachment which had here suf-
fered such a violence now transferred
itself with all its force to its own private
library, which he now nursed with double
care. It grew beneath that care. He
has left about 7^000 volumes, all in the
most perfect order, many of them rare
and viUuable, — altogether, one of the best
private collections that our city contains.
It was among these books he lived, and it
was actually among them that he died.
Every upper room in his house was clothed
with book-shelves, — his own among the
rest. He lay upon his death^bed sur-
rounded with them. Within a few hours
of his decease, his eye chanced to rest
upon a new edition of 'Whiston's Jose-
phus' that he bad lately added to his
stores. He asked his daughter, who acted
as his librarian, to hand him one of the
volumes. He took it tenderly into his
hands, turned it over and over again, re-
garding it with a placid and benignant
look. He tried to open and to read it,
but the feeble hands and eyes refused the
ofhee. It fell out of his hands upon the
bed. His daughter took it up, to replace
it on the shelf. His quick eye followed
her, and noticed that, in her haste, she
had pushed it in too far. With something
like impatience, he directed her to draw it
out, and place it level with the rest. It
was done as he directed, and be was
pleased. It was his last earthly act.
" Like so many book -minded men. Dr.
Irving mixed but little with general so-
ciety. He had too strong convictions, too
decided tastes, too fixed habits, to have
much facility in accommodating himself to
the opinions, tastes, and habits of others,
especially when these were such as he
strongly disliked or disapproved. In such
cases he was too honest not to say all he
thought, and show all he felt. The out-
ward roughnesses that he sometimes thus
exposed to others he was at no pains to
soften or conceal; but those who knew
bim best, — who knew him within the
inner circle of home and friendship, —
know what a true, kind, loving heart
he had."
CLERGY DECEASED.
July 6. At the Parsonage, aged 46, the Rev.
Thomas Anderson^ -B.A., Perpetual Curate of
Scathwaitc, Lancashire.
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
July 23. At Nympsfield Rectory, Gloucester-
shire, aged 62, the Rev. George Christopher
ffaywardt M.A., for twenty-seven years Rector
of the parish.
July 24. At the Mcarage, Doncaster.aged 69,
the Rev. John Sharpe, D.D., for forty-three years
Vicar of that place, and Canon of York.
July 25. Aged 77, the Yen. Wm. Wray Maun-
telly Archdeacon of Limerick.
July 26. At Portland-place, London, aged 72,
the Rev. Leveson Vernon Harcourtj Chancellor
of York, son of the late Edward Harooort, Arch-
bishop of York.
July 27. At Cowes, aged 60, the Rev. Maxi-
milian Oeneste^ for twenty-eight years Incum-
bent of Holy Trinity, West Cowes.
July 30. At Woodbury, aged 60, the Rev.
Edward Hay, A.M., Vicar of Broughton Craven,
Yorkshire.
At Trip-hill, Fittleworth, aged 51, the Rev.
Jamfs Rutherford^ Rector of Egdean.
Aug. 2. At the Vicarage, Haslingfield, Cam-
bridgeshire, aged 83, the Rev. William Clark^
for fifty-four years Curate of the above pariah.
At^. 5. At Peatling-hall, ag«d 56, the Rev.
Charles Longhurst^ for many years Curate of
Amesby and Bruntingthorpe, Leicestershire.
Aug. 6. At St. Leonards-on-Sea, aged 78, the
Rev. Edward Repton, Canon of Westminster.
Aged 59, the Hev. David Laing^ Rector of St.
01ave*s, Hart-street, Crutchcd-ft-iars. Mr. Laing
gra luated at Cambridge in 1824, and was ordain-
ed in the same year. Fur a long time he was
chaplain to the Middlesex Hospital ; and in 1847,
when the parish of St. Pancras was subdiTided,
he was appointed to the incumbency of Holy
Trinity Chnrch, Haverstock-hiU, where he re-
mained until 1857. At this time one of the richest
livings in the city of London, that of St. Olave,
Hart-street, became vacant by the death of the
Rev. D. Letts. This living was worth JB2,000
a year, and in the gift of trustees, who on the
occasion of the last vacancy were unable to agree
upon the presentation of a clergyman, there
being three candidates, among whom their votes
were divided. The living in consequence lapsed
to the Bishop of London, who reduced it to
£1,000 a year, and made over the remainder to
the augmentation of the adjacent benefice of St.
Botolph*s, Aldgate, and some still smaller incum-
bencies in the diocese: the patronage now re-
verts to the trustees. Mr. Laing was one of the
founders of the Oovemesses* Benevolent Institu-
tion, in whose welfare he always took a great
interest, as he did also in many other metropoli-
tan charities.
Aug. 8. Aged 88, the Rev. Charles Wolff Eyrs^
Rector of Hooton Roberts, near Rotheram.
Aug. 12. At Yelling Rectory, Huntingdon,
aged 46, Thomas William Leventhorpe.
At Greenwich, aged 83, the Rev. J. H. Knox,
Curate of St. Gabriel's, and St Margaret Paten*,
Rood-lane, City, and Chaplain to the Hon. Artil-
lery Company.
Aug. 21. The Rev. W. 11, Shore, LL.B., In-
cumbent of AU Sainto', ChUd's-hUU
Pp
S22
Obituary.
[.Sept.
DEATHS.
MSRAS&SD IK OHBONOLOaiCiX OBDBS.
April 23. At Dobling, near Vienna, a^ed 67,
Oovnt 8. Sseeheyni. He had been long ago called
** the father of the country/^ and the benefits he
oonferred on Hungary were of an enduring cha-
racter. The son of a noble Magyar who had
founded the Pesth Museum, he was bom in 1792,
and served in the Hungarian army at Wagram.
He opened to steam traffic the whole line of the
Danube; founded the Casino or Athenaeum of
noble Hungarians in the capital ; and carried a
motion in the Diet for the substitution of the
native Magyar tongue in debates where Latin
was hitherto required, and was the life and soul
of every amelioration. He was imprisoned with
Kossuth in 1848, and the insight he thus got
into that politician's projects made bo favourable
impression on him. The events of 1848 shat-
tered the intellect of this eminent patriot. This
Magyar magnate was a most ardent admirer of
England. In his early manhood he spent six
years in England, studying its political and social
manners, and he returned to Hungary with a
strong desire to make Hungarians as much like
Englishmen as possible. To those of his own
order he preached incessantly, that if they wished
to retain anything like influence, they must not
live apart, with exclusive privileges, but, like the
aristocracy of Great Britian, take the lead in
public affairs and in every useful undertaking.
To the middle and lower classes he taught the
advantage of liberty and of commercial and
agricultural enterprise.
May 6. At Adelaide, South Australia, aged 48,
Charles Thompson, esq., second son of the late
Dr. Thompson of Rochester, Kent.
May 19. At Bangalore, aged 21, Perdval F.
Bedwell, Lieut. 14th M.N.I., third son of the late
F. R. Bedwell, esq., formerly of Walthamstow,
Essex.
May 21. At Barrackpore, Bengal, East Indies,
Capt. Allan McDonald, Paymaster 1st Battalion
H.M.'s 6th Foot.
At Old Calabar, West Coast of Africa, aged 37,
John Steane Morgan, esq., late of Whitby, York-
shire, second son of the late William Hoekyns
Morgan, surgeon R.N., of Hereford.
May 24. At Singapore, Major Littlewood, of
the Bombay Army, only son of the late John
Littlewood, esq., of Huddersfield.
May 26. At Delhi, Major Francis Stuart Pa-
teraon, of the late 64th Regt. Bengal N.I., eldest
fK>n of the late Capt. Wm. Paterson, R.N., C.B.
May 28. At Shenval of Glenlivat, aged 73, Joaie
Watt, a wandering musician and poet. The de-
ecnsed was quite a character in his way. For up-
wards of half a century he has b< en resident in
the parish of Inveraven. He twice enlisted in the
army, and on both occasions was discharged on
account of defective eyesight. He considered he
had seen a good deal of the world when thus
" wearing the red coat," a id, accordingly, re-
feired to it often in conversation, speaking also in
his songs of being in ** Jersey, near to France."
* Joflie' bad no mean talent for music, and was an
adept on the fife and flute. Latterly, when his
lungs were failing, he was reduced to the whistle.
* Josic* wrote not a few songs, and, as they were
mostly of a local nature, and abounding in the
sort of clever sayings for which * Josie* was not-
able, they were much relished by all who enjoyed
a laugh at the expense of their neighboura.
Among his poetical compositions, well known to
those acquainted with ' Josie,* may be mentioned,
" The Lads that were Lost on the Hill," ** Bonnie
Annie Meldrum," "M*Oregor*8 Overthrow, »»
"The Non-Intrusion Rant," &o. These, and
many others of his own production he was al-
ways ready, wben in good humour, to sing and
explain in his own very peculiar way. When
singing, the snuff-box was alwaya in his hand.
Continually he was putting it to his eye, and
peeping into it, and he took a hearty pinch now
and again between verses. So long as he son^,
he patted with his right hand on his knee, on the
table, or whatever was near him, quite in a de-
monstrative style, but every now and then, per-
haps at every line, and sometimes in the middle
of a line, he would stop short in his music and
motions, and interpolate the explanations or com-
ments he considered necessary, which, as well as
the singing, were all the more amusing in conse-
quence of an intense ' burr* in his speech and the
oddity of Josie*s figure. Poverty, "the poet's
curse," pressed hard on Josie aU his life, and,
until relieved by the Parochial Board, b« em-
ployed himself in making sculls and creels, and
even when all but blind, could oolleot the mate-
rials bimself, groping his way through the thickets
and taking especial care to avoid his gre&i enemy
the bramble, or the 'brummel' as he always
called it. The sculls and creels which he manu-
factured he carried through the country and sold.
A feature in Josie's character was an extraor-
dinary memory. He was able, for instance, to
tell the year and day of the month on which
nearly every one in the parish for the last fifty
years was bom, and also almost every text trom.
which he had heard a sermon preached in the Es-
tabUshed Church, of which he was a stout sup-
porter. In Disruption days, non-intrusion was a
continual butt for his sarcasm. With all his pecu-
liarities, however, he was a man of sterling
honesty, and could have been trusted with un-
told gold. He and his sayings and doingB will
long be remembered in the district, where he was
a terror to some, but a favourite with many.—
Banffshire Journal.
June 3. At the house of her son-tn-law, Mr.
Isaac Horsfall, Swine-market, Halifax, aged 95,
Mrs. Nancy Smith. She lived to see the fifth
generation, and was mother of ten children,
grandmother of 77, great-grandmother of lOS,
and great-great-grandmother of four ; total 199,
she herself making the 200th.
June 7. While leading on his men in an attack
upon the rebels at Bagoogurh, near Goonah,
Central India, aged 22, W. H. J. Jennings, Lieut,
in H.M.'s 2nd E.B.L. Cavalry, and attached to
Mayne*s Hor^e, elder son of the late Rev. M. J.
Jennings, M.A., Chaplain of Delhi, and of Sirs.
Jennings of Weybread.
I860.]
Obituary.
823
June 12. At JuUandar, Emma Augusta, wife
of Capt. H. W. Sibley, Paymaster of H.M.'s 46th
Rcgt., and dan. of the Rev. W. B. Coolcher, In-
cumbent of Bradninch, Devon.
June 15. At Allahabad, aged 24, Henry Wm.
Quekett, C.E., only son of the Bey. W. Quekett,
Rector of Warrington, Lancashire.
June 20. At Mercara, Madras Presidency, aged
45, Brevet-MaJ. Frank Vardon, 25th Regt Ma-
dras Infantry, third surviving son of the late
Samuel Arthur Vardon, esq., formerly of Oxford-
ter., Hyde-park.
June 24. At Bombay, of cholera, aged S6,
Major B. K. Finnimore, H.M.'s Bombay Ar-
jllery.
June 28. At the Island of St. Thomas. West
Indies, on his passage home, aged 25, William
Henry Towle, esq., surgeon, of Nuneaton.
June 29. At Worcester, aged 72, Joseph,
youngest son of the late Edward Oilhun, esq.,
banker, of Cambridg^e.
At Point de Galle, Ceylon, while on sick leave,
Philip Wm. Le Geyt, esq., member of the Legis-
lative Council of India, eldest son of the late
Rev. Philip Le Geyt, of Marden, Kent.
July I. At New York, aged 59, Mr. Charles
Goodyear, the inventor of the art of rulcanizing
india-rubber.
July 2. At Bayswater, aged 69, Maria, relict
of the Rev. Charles Hare, D.D. and Senior Fel-
low of Trinity College, Dublin.
July 3. At Clough-foot, near Todmorden, Lan-
cashire, aged 61, Grace, relict of Mr. James Ed-
wards, of Batheaston, and mother of the Rev. E.
Edwards, of Frome.
July 4. Suddenly, at Lawford-hall, Essex,
Mary Anne, wife of Charles Studd, esq.
At Lyons, M. Saint-Jean, a celebrated flower
painter.
July 5. At Cheltenham, aged 62, Major-Oen.
Frederic Blundell, C.B., Madras Artillery.
July 6. At Eaton, aged 54, Sophia, last sur-
viving dau. of the late R. Lubbock, esq., M.D.
At Plumstead, Norfolk, aged 28, Emily, eldest
dau. of the Rev. A. Langton, Rector of Matlaake
and Plumstead.
At St. Mary's Vale, Chatham, (the residence of
her brother-in-law, Capt. Folliott Powell,) Ma-
rian Frances, only surviving dau. of the late Jno.
Douglas Cooper, esq., of Holme-oott., Ashboom.
At Notton, George, ninth surviving son of Sir
John Awdry.
At his residence. Stanhope-street, Hyde-park-
gardens, aged 66, Alfred Lapworth, esq., of
Wilton.
July 7. At Battersea, aged 62, Robert Story,
the poet. Few men (says the Leedt Mercury)
were better known in the North of England than
Mr. Story, whose productions were very popular,
and often appeared in the local newspapers. He
was born in Northumberland, about the year
1797, and when about twenty-five years of ago
came as a schoolmaster to Oargrave, where he
resided many years, and where his choicest works
were written. In 1843, the late Sir Robert Peel,
for his poetical merits, appointed him to a situa-
tion in the Audit-office, Someraet^bouse, which
Gbkt. Maq. Vol. CCIX
he held until his death. His works have passed
through many editions, and about two years since
the Duke of Northumberland, at the expense of
several hundred pounds, enabled him to bring
out a splendid illustrated edition, which was ra-
pidly disposed of. His wife was a native of Cra-
ven, of the name of Ellison : she and three chil-
dren survive him.
At the residence of his father, KilHaey-house,
CO. Dublin, aged 35, Henry Droz Gaynor, esq.,
Capt. of the Durham regiment of Milida.
At Tunbridge Wells, aged 62, John Roberts,
esq., late of Borzell, Tioehurst, Sussex ; and on
the 9th inst., aged 56, Sarah, his wife.
July 8. At Oran, Algeria, aged, according Ui
the civil register, 113, AIssa-Mohamed, of that
province.
July 9. At Rickling, Essex, aged 79, Frances,
relict of John Phillipps Judd, esq.
July 10. At New-cross, aged 78, John Curtis,
esq., late of Fox-grove, Kingsclere, Hants.
At Corctorphine-lodge, Ryde, Isle of Wight,
aged 69, James Player Lind, esq., M.D., late of
Wadham College, Oxford, a Justice of the Peace
for the county of Hants, and many years Chair-
man of the Bench of Magistrates at Ryde.
At Castleton, Sherborne, aged 77, Elizabeth,
widow of Richard Worsley, esq., of Blandford.
July 11. At Charlcombe-rectory, near Bath,
Eliza Lucilla, wife of Capt. Michell H. Fagan,
late of H.M.'s 64th Regt
At Carlsruhe, Duchy of Baden, from an aod-
dent, aged 20, Herbert Edward, second son of
Frederick VuUiamy, esq., of Ipswich.
Aged 70, John Toone, esq., surgeon, for forty-
six years a resident in Salisbury.
July 12. At Clevedon, Somerset, Jane, widoi^
of the Rev. John Francis Edwards, late Rector of
Holme, Norfolk.
Aged 69, Richard Newman esq., of the Priory,
Kersey, for many years Chairman of the Cosford
Board of Guardians.
At Lyons, M. Chervannes, an artist whose
works have attracted much attention at the ex-
hibitions in that city.
Juiy 18. At Bath, aged 64, Catherine, second
dau. of the late Rev. Thomas Daniel Trollope,
Rector of Frome Vanohurch, Dorset.
At Horkstow, aged 96, Ann, widow of Col.
Tuftiell, and previously relict of the late Admiral
the Hon. T. Shirley.
July 14. At the Bound-wood, Ipswich, aged
76, William Frederick Sefarelber, esq.
July 15. At Mount-house, Sberfield, Hanti,
aged 67, Frances Caroline, dau. of the late Thos.
Harnett, esq., of Thrognall, near Sittiagbonme,
Kent, and wife of Edward Phillips, of Kingston-
upon-Thames, eldest son of the late Rev. Ed-
ward Phillips, Incumbent of East Tytherley,
Hants.
Aged 19, Eliza Ingleden, wife of Edward Tem-
ple, esq., of Worsall, only dau. of the Ute Henry
Chapman, esq., of Neisham-hill, Darlington, and
Miokleover.
At Byng-pl., Gordon-sq., aged 42, Emily, wifs
of J. C. D. Bevan, esq.
At FreemMitle-TUliii Horten, near Dminster,
824
Obituary.
[Sept.
Somerset, aged 73, Miss Smith, dan. of the late
Freeman Smith, esq., of Bristol.
Aged 84, George Gregory, esq., of Harlaxton,
Lincolnshire, and Willesborough, Kent.
At Bideford, aged 21, Fanny Turner, second
dau. of the late John Cole, esq., of Gammaton,
Bideford.
At Cintra, Fanny Anne, the wife of B. Briscoe
Frend, esq., of Dononghmore and Eathurd, co.
Limerick.
At Norrkoping, Sweden, aged 69, Mary Inglis
Hamilton Payne, wife of the Hon. F. W. von
Stierneman.
July 16. At Upper Norwood, aged 50, the Rev.
John Sortain, minister of North-street Chapel,
Brighton. Mr. Sortain was a very remarkable
man, and overcame in a very striking way the
defect of a very weak and unmusical voice. He
had great powers of description and command of
language, and although, like Robert Hall, he
appeared somewhat cold and commonplace at
the commencement of his discourse, as he ad-
vanced he riveted the attention, engaged the
mind, and affected the heart in a most remark-
able degree. He was also a good mathematician,
a modern linguist, and a fair Hebrew scholar.
At his residence, Green-park, Bath, aged 84,
Benjamin Gray, esq.
At Halifax, the Hon. Brenton Halliburton,
Chief Justice of Nova Scotia.
July 17. At his residence, Anderton, near De«
vonport, aged 67, Rear-Adm. William F. Lapidge.
He entered the navy Nov. 10, 1803, as first-class
volunteer, on board the " Plantagenet," 74,
Capt. Hon. Michael De Courcy, and served on
the Channel station until July, 1807. He was in
the expeditions to Copenhagen and Walcheren,
and was on board the " Impdrieuse" at the de-
struction, June 27, 1812, of a French convoy
under the batteries of Languelia and Alassio;
and he was in her on the 17 th of the ensuing
iugu^t, in a spirited skirmish with a Neapolitan
squadron in the Bay of Naples. In 1833, Captain
Lapidge obtained command of the " Ringdove,"
16. The services performed by him in that vessel
on the north coast of Spain, particularly at the
defence of Portugalete and the siege of Bilbao in
November and December, 1836, were acknow-
ledged by the Queen Regent, who created him a
Commander of Isabella la Catolica, and pre-
sented him with the second class of San Fernando.
He attained post-rank Jan. 6, 1837, but did not
leave the " Ringdove" until the following April.
His last appointment was, Nov. 23, 1843, to the
<* Cyclops" steam-frigate, in which be was em-
ployed on particular service, and on the south-
east coast of America and Channel stations, until
paid off at the commencement of 1847.
Aged 67, William F. Morgan, esq., of Wood-
lands, Twerton.
Aged 105, James Coyle, a patient at St. Pa-
trick's (Swift's) Hospital, Dublin. He was ad-
mitted May 28, 1802, in hiy forty-eighth year,
and was for upwards of fifty-eight years an in-
mate of the institution.
Suddenly, Mary Ann, wife of T. Scoons, esq.,
of Key-8t., near Bittingboome, and second dau.
of Capt. S. Hilton, R.A., Trafalgar-house, Sel-
ling.
At Dinan, aged 100, Marie Anne Fran9ol8e,
relict of Franfoise Geffelot, Count de Marigny,
and sister of Chateaubriand. Her hundredth
birthday had just been celebrated by her friends,
when she was in good health, but she experi-
enced a sudden attack of influenza shortly after,
which proved fatal. Madame de Marigny pos-
sessed much of the varied talents of her illustri-
ous brother, but was even more distinguished for
her piety and charity. For twelve years she had
had her own tomb ready prepared for herself, in
granite ; and, when her funeral took place, most
of the inhabitants joined the members of her
family on the occasion, and the clergy of the
town and the religious orders and charitable
societies of the neighbourhood were in fUll at-
tendance.
July 18. At Upper Camden-placc, Bath, after
a lingering illness, aged 25, Wm. Augustus Fry,
of Weston-road, late of the 11th Hussars. The
deceased went through the Crimean campaign,
(where he contracted the illness from which he
never recovered,) for which he received a medal
and four clasps, and was one of the fortunate few
who survived the gallant charge at Balaklava,
where he was severely wounded.
At Eynsbami, Oxon, aged 71, Mr. Samuel Druce,
an eminent agriculturist, for many years a mem-
ber of the Coimcil of the Royal Agricultural So-
ciety of England, from the direction of which he
only withdrew at the last general meeting in
May, when his son was elected to take his place.
At Eaft Southernhay, Exeter, Eugene Browne^
esq., H.P. 91st Regt.
At Freshford, near Bath, aged 75, Margaret,
eldest dau. of the late Robert Romer, esq., of
Ber wick-upon-T weed.
At Crosby-green, West Derby, Liverpool, aged
32, Caroline, wife of William Poulsom, and dan.
of the late Bfr. Samuel Helps of Bath.
Aged 66, G. C. Heath, esq,, Senior Fellow of
King's College, Cambridge.
J%Uy 19. At Yerderonne on the Gise, aged 81,
Gen. Count Felix d'Andlau.
At his residence. Green-park, Bath, Lieat.-
Gen. Wemyss, C.B., Col. of H.M.'s 17th Regt. of
Foot. The deceased had nearly completed his
60th year of service in the army, his commiasiofn
as ensign being dated in October, 1800. He ac-
companied the Walcheren expedition in 1809,
and the following year proceeded to the Penin-
sula as major of brigade to the brigade under
Lord Howard, composed of the 50th. 7 lit, and
92nd Regiments, with which he served during
the remainder of the war until its final em-
barkation at Bordeaux in 1814 ; and was wounded
at Donna Maria, and at St. Pierre. Subsequently
he served with his regiment, the 99th, in India,
In 1838 he was made a Companion of the Order
of the Bath, and had received the silver war-
medal and seven clasps for Fuentes d'Onor, Vit-
toria, Pyrenees, Nivclle, Nivc, Orthes and Toa-
louse. In May, 1854, he was appointed colonel of
the 17th Regt. of Foot. His oommissionfl bore
date,— ensign, Oct. 1800} lieutenant, Marok 1,
I860.]
Obituary.
325
1804; captain, Nov. 30, 1806; major, June 21,
1813 ; licut.-col., Jan. 21, 1819 ; colonel, Jan. 10,
1837 ; major-gen., Nov. 9, 1846; and lieut.-gen.,
June 20, 1854.
At Dilham, aged 70, William Mattison, esq.
At Yarmouth, aged 69, Geo. Wells Holt, esq.,
solicitor.
In Rascn-lane, Newport, near Lincoln, aged
77, Miss Nelson, dau. of the late Thomas Nelson,
Vicar of Owersby, and niece to the late John Nel-
son, a minor canon of Lincoln Cathedral.
At sea, on board H.M.S. "Doris," aged 24,
Lieut. J. W. Leslie Oakcs, second son of the late
J. C. T. Oakcs, esq., and grandson of the Rev.
James Oakes, of Tostock.
At Newport, Barnstaple, aged 44, Howard R.
Bank», esq., late surgeon of H.M.S. " Cumber-
land," Sheemess.
At Alton Pancras-vicarage, Dorset, Elizabeth,
wife of the Rev. A. B. Handley.
At Brussels, aged 72, Edward H. Lloyd Wil-
liams, esq., of Government-park, Cardiganshire,
Deputy- Lieut, of the county of Stafford.
At Lamberhurst, aged 68, Maria, relict of £. J.
Whittle, esq., M.D.
July 20. At Spa, Belgium, aged 44, Philip
Frederick, fourth son of the late Sir John Courte-
nay Ilonywood, hart., of Evington, Kent.
At Lofthouse-hall, near Wakefield, aged 67,
Catherine, wife of Parsons Ramskill, esq.
Aged 84, John Walmesley, esq., of Dewlish-
house, Dorchester.
At Green Royd, Ripon, Sarah Bradney, wife of
Capt. Wm. Slaptcr Smith, Adjutant of the York-
shire Hussars, and formerly of the 13th Light
Dragoons and 10th Hussars.
At Bridge of Allan, aged 40, George C. Balfour,
esq., of IXc^ombe, Advocate. Mr. Balfour was
born at Cliffdale, in the island of Shapinsay, in
1819 ; he studied law in the University of Edin-
burgh, and passed as an advocate in the year
1853. Mr. Balfour was proprietor of Hescombe
and Holland, in the island of Stronsay, and was a
most liberal and excellent landlord. Mr. Bal-
four had a fine literary taste, and was a contribu-
tor to " Blackwood's Magazine," his last article in
which appeared only a few months ago. — Orkney
Herald.
July 21. At the residence of his mother, South-
sea, aged 22, Henry Fitzwilliam Halifax, eldest
son of the late Brigadier Halifax, formerly Lieut.-
Col. cooimanding H.M.'s 75th Foot.
At her residence, Oxford-road, Reading, aged
72, Apphia Brough Stiff, the last dau. of the late
ThoB. Stiff, esq., surviving her sister only eight
weeks.
At the Parsonage-house, Chilton-Polden, So-
merset, Cecilia, wife of the Rev. H. C. H. Haw-
kins, Incumbent of that parish, and fourth dau.
of the late Denis More, esq., M.D.
At Woodhill, near Olterboume, aged 63, Han-
nah, widow of the late Wm. Potts Hedley, esq..
At his residence. Parade, Northampton, aged
70, George Barry, esq., J.P.
At Penzance, aged 34, Augustus F. Spry, esq.
At Hartington -vicarage, ag^cd 71, Anne, widow
of Thos. Pearson, esq., of Sonthwingficld.
In London, aged 82, Edward Degge Sitwell^
esq., of Stainsby-housc, co. Derby.
At his residence, Colleton-crescent, William
Hobson Furlong, esq.
July 22. At St. Helier's, Jersey, of consump-
tion, aged 38, Emily Anne, wife of the Rev.
S. B. Brasher, Incumbent of St Stephen's, South
Shields.
At Rathmines-road, Dublin, Florence, young-
est dau. of Lieut. -Col. Harris, Staff Officer of
Pensioners, and granddau. of the late George
Howell, esq., of Dublin.
At Bridlington-quay, aged 68, George Look-
ing, esq., secretary to the Hull and Selby Rail-
way Company.
In Victoria-st., Westminster, aged 37, Mary
Ann, wife of Henry Decimus Ilderton, esq.
At his residence, the comer of Chancery-lane,
Fleet-st., Mr. Joseph Ede, the well-known robe-
maker to the Queen and Royal Family. Mr.
Ede, in the discharge of his duties as court robe-
maker, was ft-equcntly in attendance upon the
Sovereign on occasions of public investiture;
a Chapter of the Most Honourable Order of the
Grarter or of the Bath could not be said to be
complete without his portly form, engaged in
his duties of apparelling tiie knights. But
though used to occasions of state and ceremony,
he was in his nature and disposition but a plain
man himself, free from any pretence and osten-
tation ; and when his friends nominated him for
the o^ce of Common Councilman, he declined,
contenting himself with the more lucrative one,
we may suppose, of robe-maker to the Corpora-
tion of London. Those who best knew the late
Mr. Ede were those who could the fullest appre-
ciate his many sterling qualities and private vir-
tues.— City Press,
July 23. At Ringwood, Hants, Marianne, only
surviving dau. of the late Geo. Reade, esq., of
Alderholt-park, Dorset.
At Cambridge, aged 21, Walter Campbell, esq.,
scholar of Trinity College, eldest son of C. Camp-
bell, esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law.
Aged 36, John Mair Lawaon, esq., of Anstin
Friars, solicitor.
At Poyle College, near Stanwell, Middlesex,
aged 53, Maria, wife of Joseph Bland, esq., and
third dau. of the late Rev. S. Hemming, D.D., of
Hampton, Middlesex.
July 24. In Yictoria-park-road, South Hack-
ney, aged 80, Robert Bratton, esq.
At Islington, J. B. Silver, esq., surgeon, late of
the Bombay Army, eldest son of the late Rev.
S. Silver, Vicar of All Saints', Fulboum, Camba.
At Cheltenham, aged 80, Mary, widow of Thos.
Pycroft, esq., barrister-at-law, of Gro«venor-pL,
Bath.
At Grove-lodge, Hayes, Middlesex, aged 64,
Ann, wife of James Oliver, esq., and second dan.
of the late Joseph Reed, esq., of Humshaugh ,
Northumberland.
At Brighton, aged SO, the Hon. Mrs. Silvertop.
The deceased lady, third dan. of Lord Camoys,
was married in August, 1852, to Henry Charles
Silvertop, esq., of Minster Acres, Northumber-
land. By her decease the noble Catholic fiuni-
326
Obituary.
[Sept.
li«8 of Stonor, Towneley, Biddalph, Blount, fto.,
are placed in mourning.
Aged 78, lieut-Col. Horton, of Leamington,
and of Moseley-ball, Staffordahire, a Deputy-
Lieutenant of the eounty.
At St. Helier'g, Jeraey, John Strangeways
Donaldson Selby, esq., formerly of Chiswick,
Northumberland.
At Worthing, aged 8S, Edmund K. 0. Bacon,
esq.. Commander R.N.
Quite suddenly, at Epinal, whither he had re-
tired, M. Henry, formerly prefect of Ille and
YUaine.
July 25. At the R.N. Hospital, Plymouth,
aged 24, Catherine Isabella, second dau. of Capt.
Henry Lister, Superintendent of the R. W. Yio-
tualling-yard, Plymouth.
At Bathampton, aged 76, Mrs. Mary Morriee,
of Pulteney-st, Bath, widow of John Morrioe,
esq.
Aged 80, Hannah, wife of Ely Bates, esq., J.P.,
of West-hill, Halifax, eldest dau. of the late Rer.
J. Cockin, of the same place.
July 26. At Paignton, the residence of her
father, Richard Adams, esq., Margaret, wife of
T. Rutland, esq., of Diptford-coort, near Totnes.
From paralysis, Marianne, wife of Robert Fox,
esq., of Faleonhurst, Cowden, Kent.
At Cleethorpes, of paraljraia, aged 59, Wm.
Stow, esq., late of Paris.
At Clifton, (at the residenoe of his sister, Mrs.
Christy,) aged 65, John Tate, esq., late of South-
tea, Portsmouth.
At Clifton, near York, aged 68, James Richard-
son, esq., solicitor, of Yoric. The deceased waa
the eldest son of the late Rer. J. Rkbardson,
anb-chanter of York Minster. During his life-
time he was a city commissioner, councillor,
alderman, and finally Lord Mayor of York, in
1848, when he had the honour of entertaining the
Prince Consort daring his visit to the Royal
Agricultural Society's meeting. He was a go-
yemor of the County Asylum, a director of the
York Dispensary, a manager and trustee of the
York Savings* Bank, and in various other ci^-
dties he aided numerous local institutions. The
erection of the De Grey Rooms, and the advan-
tages resulting therefrom, were mainly secured
through his perseverance and influence. He
also took an active part in promoting the resto-
ration of the dty walls. His last efforts were
directed to the contemplated improved approach
to the cathedral, in connexion with the bridge
ovCT the Ouse at Lendal ; he cordially co-operat-
ed with the Very Rev. the Dean of York in the
furtherance of that project. Mr. Richardson was
a Conservative, and was election-agent for Sir J.
H. Lowther during his representation of the city
of York, and of the Hon. Ool. Duncombe, who
lately sat for the North Riding. — ForJb«A»r«
Oauette,
July 27. At Weymouth, aged 54, Mi^or William
Penry Simpson, C.B.
At Little Efford, Devon, aged 53, Franoee
Goddard, wife of George WilUam Soltau, esq.,
and youngest dau. of the late Rev. Thos. Culme,
Tot^mi, near Plymouth.
At the Moseley Arms Hotel, Manchester, after
a short illness, aged 80, Alfred L. Dickens, esq.,
C.E., of the General Board of Health, Whitehall.
At Abbey-ter., Whitby, aged 80, Garlics Croaby
Maitland, esq.
In King's>road, Brighton, aged 29, Captain
Edward V\ iUonghby, of H.M.'s Bengal Artillery,
from the effiects of wounds received June 28«
1857, at the stormiog of Balabeta, Central India.
At Bath, Philippa, relict of the Rev. Alex.
Bassett, of Great Cheverlll-house, Wilts.
At Norwich, aged 93, Ann, widow of Capt.
John Annison, Great Yarmouth.
July 28. At Lansdowne-crescent, Cheltenhani,
(the residence of her daughter, Mrs.Wylde,) aged
85, Frances Maria, widow of Lieut.-Col. John
Macdonald, of Summerlands, Exeter, and dan.
of the late Sir Robert Chambers, formerly Chief
Justice of Bengal.
At Hessle, aged 40, Mary, wife of Thos. Wm.
Morley, esq., of Hull.
At Shrewton, Frances Anne, dau. of the late
Rev. J. Matthews, Viear of that place.
At Bath, aged 78, Elisabeth, relict of the Rer.
Edward Jones, of Hay-hill, and Nasa-houae,
Gloucentershire.
At his residence, Portway, Warminster, aged
77, Mr. WUUam Daniell.
At Washington, aged 74, Mr. Joseph Gales, a
celebrated printer. He was a native of Sheflield,
which place the family left in his yoath, in eon-
sequence of his father being prosecuted for ihm
publication of " Jacobinical opinions'' during the
first French revolution. At first they settled in
Philadelphia, but afterwards they removed to
Washington, where the deceased, with his part-
ner, under the firm of Gales and Beaton, were
tiie national printers, employed by Oovemment
and the Congress.— ^m^riean Paptr.
At Paris, aged 47, M. Alphonae Lanvray, who
for several years had the managnnent of the
financial and commercial articles in La FresM.
July 29. At Bfiddleham, aged 88, Mr. John
Morgan, sen., farmer, a tenant under the late
Col. Wood sixty-eight years for land at Middle-
ham. He was Inspector of weights and measures
for the Division of Hang West, in the North
Riding of Yorkshire, for upwards of forty-ei^
years.
At her resldenee In Brooklyn, New York, agei
43, Madame Emllie Zulavaky Kossuth, abter o
Louis Kossuth. She eame to America with her
brother in 1851.
At Landport- house, Pcntsea, Mary Anne, wifb
of Bftaj.-Gen. Foster, commanding Royal Engi-
neers in the south-western district, and eUeat
dau. of the Ute Blohard Brtton, esq., of Great
Berwick, Salop.
At Osbome-villaa, Stoke, EUaabeth, wife of
Capt. Addis, R.N.
At Newton, aged 92, Miss Gaye.
At Llanberiis, Wales, aged 58, B. Hartley, esq.,
of Allangate, Halifax, Yorkshire.
At his residence at Wimbledon, Gen. the Hoe.
Sir Henry Murray, K.G.B., Colonel of the 14th
Light Dxagoona. He waa one of the few aar-
viving Waterloo offioeia, and had been lixty
I860.]
Obitdary.
827
years in the army, his comxnissicHi as comet
dating as far hack as May, 1800.
July 30. At the Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb, St. Leonard's, Exeter, aged 17, Walter,
eldest son of Dr. Scott.
In Alfrcd-st., Plymouth, aged 60, Malcolm
McLennan, esq., late of Adelaide, South Aus-
tralia.
At Bareppa-house, Mawnan, aged 37, E. J. B.
Rogers, esq., solicitor, Penryn, eldest son of the
late Rev. £. Rogers, Vicar of Constantine, for
many years Town Clerk of Penryn.
Aged 58, Frederick Augustus Carrington, esq.,
F.A.S., of Lincoln's Inn-fields, and Ogboume St.
George, Wilts, barrister of the Oxford Circuit,
Recorder of Wokingham, D.L. for Berks, and
J.P. foi- Wilts.
At Money-hill, Hertfordshire, after years of
severe illness, Maria, wife of Thomas Edward
Fielder, esq., late of Kyre, Worcestershire, and
Uartham-park, Wilts.
John Uaminill, esq., one of the magistrates of the
Marylebone police-court, who only received his
appointment in January last, upon the retirement
of Mr. Long. The deceased, who was evidently
unwell, and complained of a pain in the side
when he came to business in the morning, dis-
posed of several night charges, and did duty up
to twelve o'clock, when be was unable to proceed
further, and went home in a cab. At half-past
six in the evening he ceased to exist. Mr. Ham-
mill, who formerly presided at the Worship-st.
Police-court, was an excellent magistrate and a
kind-hearted man.
In Euston-road, Wm. Rendall, esq. He was
surgeon in the army in the Peninsula under the
Duke of Wellington ; he also served in the Wal-
cheren Expedition, and in Canada.
July 31. At the house of his son-in-law, (Mr.
R. W. Anderson, St. Martin's, Coney-st., Yoik,)
aged 87, Mr. Jos. Williams, formerly of London.
At his residence, Rore- villa, Exeter, aged 55,
Alfred Lester, esq., solicitor.
At the Marine-hotel, Worthing, in his second
year, Lord Burghersh, elder son of the Earl of
Westmoreland.
Aged 38, Mrs. Spooner, wife of Chas. Spooner,
esq., of Porthmadoc.
At Clent-grove, aged 81, Mary, last surviving
sisti-r of the late Thos. Liell, esq.
Aged 74, John Flatten, esq., of Lynn. He was
in the Commission of the Peace for the borough,
and served the office of Mayor three times.
In Uenrietta-st., Bdth, aged 58, Col. J. Cooper,
of the 7th Bombay Native Infantry.
At Codford St. Peter, aged 45, Margaretta,
wife of Isaac Flower, esq., surgeon, and youngest
dau. of the late Wm. Cooper, esq., solicitor, of
Salisbury.
At Clay-hill-cottage, Beckenbam, aged 62, L.
Schillio, esq.
Lately. A Milanese nobleman named Calde-
rara, leaving his whole fortune, amounting to
C,000,000f., to the principal hospital of Milan.
His sole food had fur years consisted of half-
starved rabbits, and about a hundred of these
animals were discovered running wild about the
house in which he died. A few weeks before
his death this Italian Elwes, who lived in the
most perfect seclusion, and in a state of misery
and filth which defies description, was visitrd by
a deputation charged with the office of collecting
subscriptions for Garibaldi and the Sicilian
cause. At this application he opened his eyes
very wide, and protested that he had never
heard either of the cause or of the man. ** It is
only lately," he added, ** and by a mere accident,
that he had been informed that the Austrians
were no longer in Milan."
At the Hotel Dieu, St. Qucntin, aged 100,
Joseph Lallement, a native of Hungary, who was
made a prisoner of war under the first Republic,
and afterwards settled in France.
At Havannah, aged 106, Donna Maria-Trinidad-
Garrido, widow of an officer in the Spanish navy.
At Amsterdam, aged 39, Pietro Boccomini, a
Roman tragic actor, who formed part of the
Ristori company. In 1849 he received two stabi
with a dagger a little below the heart, and at his
cries the murderer ran away, exclaiming, ** My
God ! I have mistaken my man." Boccomiid
never completely recovered from the effects of
his wounds, the author of which could never be
found.
At Frankfort, Count de Jun-et-Enyphansen*
the Hanoverian Minister at Berlin.
At Toul (Meurthe), Baron Firmin Gouvion,
the last representative of one of the oldest fami-
lies in that district. The Moniteur de la Meurthe
mentions that he has bequeathed the whole of
his property to the poor of Toul, amounting,
after the payment of several legacies, to 450,000f.
Rear-Adm. Sir John Hindmarsh. He entered
the navy in 1793, served in the *' Bellerophon"
in Lord Howe's action, June 1, 1794, in Com-
wallis' retreat, and at the battle of the Nile. For
his conduct in this last action he received the
esppcial thanks of Lord Nelson, and was pre-
sented with a sword by the officers of his own
ship. He served under Sir James Saumarez in
the battles of Algesiras and the Straits of Gibral-
tar, and as lieutenant at Trafalgar. He served
at Flushing, and at the capture of several of the
West India Islands, as well as under Lord Coch-
rane in the Basque Roads. Sir John was the
first governor of the colony of South Australia,
and had received a medal and seven clasps.
Aug 1. At his residence near Southampton,
aged 79, General Gustavus Nicolls, Colonel Com-
mandant, R.E. He had seen much active serriot
in early life, having gone out with several
regiments as reinforcements to Gibraltar on the
war breaking out with Spain in 1796, and re-
mained blockaded in that fortress two years and
a half. In 1799 he proceeded to the West Indies.
In 1808 he accompanied Sir George Prevost to
Nova Scotia as commanding engineer, under ex-
pectations of hostilities with America, and re-
mained thereuntil the war broke out in 1812, when
he was actively employed in the protection of the
frontiers of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
He was present at the capture of Morse Island,
Castine, and Belfast.
At the Orange, Leemington, aged 65, Lieut.-
328
Obituary.
[Sept.
Col. Pratt, late 17th Lancen, second son of the
late £. R. Pratt, esq., of Rjston-house.
Aged 41, Alfred Back, esq., of Stratford-mills,
Stratford St. Mary.
At Heighington, aged 80, Jane, dau. of the late
Rev. James Robson, Vicar of Aycliffe.
At Brotherton, Eleanor Ann, wife of the Rev.
W, Bulmer, Vicar of Ferry Fryston.
At Fountains-hall, near Ripon, Mary, wife of
Wm. Mason, esq.
At Torquay, aged 12, Elizabeth Gertrude, dau.
of the late Rev. Samuel Dennis.
At Perigueux, after a long illness, Fran9oi8-
Odon de Froidcfond de Boulazac, consul of
France at Adrianople.
At the Grange, Leamington, aged 65, Lt.-Col.
Pratt, late 17 th Lancers.
At Oxford, aged 75, W. Holiday, esq.
At Glasgow, aged 23, Mary, wife of John E.
Higginbotham, esq., and eldest dau. of Thomas
Eccles, esq., of Lower Darwen.
Aged 41, Miss Vandenhoff, after a sudden but
very severe attack of inflammation of the brain.
Though best known to the public by her maiden
name, this lady had been for some few years
married to a Mr. Swinboume, a performer of con-
siderable provincial celebrity. Miss Vandenhoff
was bom in the year 1818, and made her first
appearance at Drury-lane Theatre as Juliet,
April 11, 1836. Her histrionic success at this
theatre, Ck)vent-grarden, and the Haymarket, was
very marked, and in February, 1852, she ap-
peared to advantage as an authoress, her original
and elegantly-written play of" Woman's Heart"
obtaining much success on the boards of the
latter theatre.
Aug. 2. At Cockermouth-castle, aged 70, Gen.
Sir H. Wyndbam, second son of the third Earl of
Egrcmont. The title became extinct on the
death of tbe fourth Earl in 1845 ; but Gen. W>'nd-
ham succeeded to the lordship of the barony of
Egremont and the honour of Cockcrmouth, and
other estates. He was one of the surviving Water-
loo veterans. On that memorable field he distin-
guished himself by an attempt which, though un-
successful, won him high fame. He was a field
officer, and, seeing the carriage of Jerome Bona-
parte in the wake of the general retreat, he made
a dashing attempt to capture the Emperor's
brother. But Jerome was on the alert, and leaped
out by one door while young Wyndbam opened
the uther. The deceased was a Conservative
in politics, but his character as a good landlord,
a ** fine old English gentleman," and a Waterloo
hero, won him the respect of those who differed
f^om bim in politics. He was member for West
Cumberland and Colonel of the 11th Hussars.
Aged 73, John Alexander Brand, esq., of
Lloyd-sq., London, and formerly of Richmond,
Surrey.
Aged 71, Robert Brewin, esq., of Birstall-hall,
Leicestershire.
Aged 55, Mr. Edward Wolff Chadwick, a soli-
citor in extensive practice at Long Ashton. The
deceased, who held the office of clerk to the
magistrates, was thrown from his horse and
killed as he was returning firom Bristol.
At Hays-farm, Barcombe, aged 81, Mr. Wm.
Reed. He had been churchwarden in Chaiiej
and Barcombe nearly fifty years.
At Hastings, aged 73, Louisa, widow of Lieat.
Arthur Shakespear, R.N.
At Loughborough, aged 89, Edw. Foebrooke,
esq., surgeon, Leicester-rd.
Aug. 3. At Holme, the Hon. Philip Stourton.
The deceased, who was bom January 14, 1796,
was youngest son of Charles Philip, sixteenth
Baron Stourton. The hon. gentleman married,
July 28, 1829, Catherine, eldest dau. of the late
Mr. Henry Howard, by whom he leaves a family.
At Oswaldwistle-parsonage, Lancashire, aged
23, Clarissa, wife of the Rev. Boulby Haslewood,
M.A., Incumbent of Oswaldwistle, and only sur-
viving child of the late Capt. Dickens M. Haale>
wood, of H.M.'s 14th Regt
At the agricultiiral colony of Gabididre, near
Montmorillon, of which he was the founder, the
Abb^ Fleurimond.
At Devizes, aged 25, Mary Louisa, youngnt
and last surviving dau. of tbe late Jas. Levander,
esq., of Southemhay, Exeter.
At Kirkcudbright, Margaret Scott, wife of Geo.
Hamilton, esq., and dau. of the Rev. Dr. Mail-
land, of Kells.
At Torquay, Anne, wife of Capt Oldmizon,
R.N., and widow of the late John Lyon, eeq., of
Hetton-house, co. Durham.
Aug. 4. At Bui well, aged 71, C. Allcock, esq.
At Kcmpsey, Malvern, Martha Jean, youngMt
dau. of the late Evan Maclaurin Smith, M.D., of
Demerara.
At the residence of his mother, Marine-sq.,
Brighton, aged 26, Charles George, only son of
the late Charles F. Phillips, esq., of H.M.'8 40th
Regt.
At Fareham, Hants, aged 74, Major-General
Husscll R. Moor, R.A.
Aged 84, the Rev. Thomas Inglis, D.D., of
Lochrutton. Dr. Inglis was a native of Loch-
maben, his father having been provost of that
burgh. He was ordained in 1806, and had thus
for more tiian half a century been a minister of
the Church of Scotland.
At Emsworth, aged 88, Frances, dan. of the
late Capt. Joseph Holloway.
In Oxford-sq., Hyde-park, aged 77, Mary Lady
Smith, widow of Sir David William Smith, hart.,
of Alnwick.
M. Scipion Mourgue, formerly Secretary-Oen.
to the Ministry of the Interior.
At Beyrout, the Rev. Father Leroy, apostolic
prefect of the Lazarists in Egypt and Syria,
and founder of several charitable InstitutionB
in Alexandria, Damascus, and Beyrout. He
was at Damascus at the outbreak of the late
massacre, and was obliged to seek refUge, with
others of the Lazarists and several sisters of
charity, in the residence of the Emir Abd-el-
Kader, but fell a victim to the fatigues and the
terrible emotions which he underwent on this
sad occasion, having in a few hours witnessed
the destmction by fire of the hospital, the eon-
vent, and church which he had mainly helped in
erecting at Damascus.
I860.]
Obitoaky.
329
At his residence, Upper Brook-8t., Grosvenor-
sq., aj?cd 77, William Kerry, esq.
At Kenpin^rton, aged 81, Ann, widow of the
late James Gillinan, e»q., of Highgate.
In Clarendon-rd., Kensington-park, aged 37,
Archibald Wm. Dickson, late Capt. H.M.'s 17th
Foot.
Aged 42, Baron Dickinson Webster, esq., of
Pcnns, Sutton Coldficld. He was present at the
review of the Volunteers in Calthorpc-park in
July last as one of the staff of Lord Leigh. On
that day he rode over ftom Penns in a drenching
storm of rain, got thoroughly soaked, and, as
was not unusual, for he had a sportsman's disre-
gard of personal care, allowed his clothes to dry
upon him. A few days afterwards inflammation
of the lungs began, and for nearly a week previ-
ous to his decease the fatal result of the attack
waH scarcely doubtful. He was a magistrate, and
his troop of yeomanry was a model of good or-
ganization and good fellowship.
At Piddletrenthide, Joseph Davis, esq.
At her residence, Emsworth, Hants, aged 83,
Frances, eldest dau. of the late Capt. Joseph
Holloway, of that place, and aunt of Mrs. Watts,
or Chariot te-st, Bath.
At Birkenhead, Frederica, relict of John
Lodge, esq., and fourth dau. of the late Rev.
Archibald H. Cathcart, Rector of Kinax, York-
shire.
At Montpelier-villas, Brighton, Elizabeth, wife
of Henry Hopkins, esq.
Aug. 5. At Drayton-house, Norfolk, aged 75,
Francis Green Bradshaw, esq., a magistrate of
the CO. of Norfolk, and formerly of the 52nd Foot.
The deceased entered the army in January, 1805,
and served with the 6th Dragoon Guards in the
Peninsula, including the battles of Yittoria and
Toulouse, for which he received the war-medal
with two clasps.
Aged 58, James Campbell, esq., of Colet-pl.,
Commercial-rd.-east.
At Champs £lys6e8, Paris, Count Eugene le
Hon, who has been long known as one of the most
zealous patrons of the turf in France.
At Bristol, under circimistances of extra-
ordinary and painful interest, Mr. Hinchcliff,
coroner of Dudley. He arrived at the Queen's
Hotel on Aug. 1 with his bride, on his
marriage-tour. At night be betrayed signs of
erratic conduct, left his wife, and proceeded alone
to another inn at the Quayside. Next day he
sont a cab for his baggage. The cabman was
detained, and Mrs. Hinchcliff's brother pro-
ceeiled in search of the missing bridegroom with
a view to effect a reconciliation. He was per-
suaded to return to the Queen's Hotel, where he
remained that day with his wife and friends.
At night be again disappeared, and next day he
h;ul his luggage removed. On Saturday night
(Aug. 4) he obtained a lodging at a house in
Thames-street, Bristol, but early the next morn-
ing threw himself out of the window and was
killed. In the dtceased's clothes (he was un-
dresiicd when he conunitted the fatal act) were
found £17 in gold, £10 in notes, and some silver
and copper.
Aged 77, Richard Saunders, esq.. West Derby-
road, Liverpool.
At her house, Seymour-grove, Old Trafford,
Manchester, aged 76, Frances, widow of Charles
Rickards, of Salford.
At Reading, Isabella, wife of the Rev. H. E.
Howse, formerly of Lincombe-villa.
At Wimbledon, General the Hon. Sir Henry
Murray, K.C.B., after a service of sixty years.
The deceased had served in Italy, Egypt, Wal-
chercn, the latter part of the Peninsular war,
and Waterloo. He was a grandson of the great
Lord Man»fleld, and lost a son, a captain in the
Rifle Brigade, in the Cafl^ war of 1848.
At Uphavcn, Wilts, aged 76, Mrs. Compton,
wife of Mr. Compton of Fisherton.
In Queen-sq., Bath, aged 69, Elizabeth, relict
of Major George Pigot, of H.M.'s 9th Light
Dragoons.
Aug. 6. At White Bams, Herts, aged 82,
Thomas Hoblyn, esq., F.R.S., of liskeard, Corn-
wall, and late Chief Clerk in H.M.'s Treasury.
At Harrogate, aged 51, John Mc Kay, esq., of
Alderley Edge, Cheshire.
At his residence, Bloomsbury-pl., Brighton,
John King Dingle, esq.
At Leamington, Miss Ariana Maria Pensam, of
Gordon-st., Gordon-sq.
At the residence of his daughter, Clevedon-at.,
Toxteth-park, aged 78, John Parrott, esq.
At Terally, Kirkmaiden, Dr. Robert Wilson,
after a short but severe attack of Jaundice. Dr.
WUson was formerly in the 7th Hussars, a regi-
ment which he left to volunteer for the Crimea,
and he there put his name conspicuously and
imperishably on the page of history, by his gal-
lant achievement at the awful crisis of Inker-
mann, when, by a daring yet jadicious effort,
he saved his Royal Highness the Doke of Cam-
bridge from imminent peril. — Wigtotctuhire Fres
Press.
Aug. 7. At the residence of her father, (W.
Hawtrey, esq., Frimley, Surrey,) of consumption,
aged 25, Ann, wife of Mr. James W. Blackburn,
of Cheapside.
At Brompton-barracks, Chatham, Major Stop-
ford, Adjutant of the Royal Engineers, son of
Yice-Adm. Sir Montague Stopford, K.C.B. He
served during the whole of the Crimean cam-
paign, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava,
Inkermann, and Sebastopol, where he served as
aide-de-camp to Gen. Sir John Burgoyne. He
also superintended the laying down the field
elect! ic telegraph in the Crimea. Major Stopford
was 12 years in the corps of Royal Engineers, his
commissions bearing date,— second lieut., Octo-
ber 1, 1847; first lieut, July 15, 1851; captain,
February 23, 1856 ; and major, September 22,
1858. In addition to the Crimean medal he was
also decorated with the 4th class of the Medjidie,
the Sardinian medal, and the Turkish medal.
Aug. 8. At East Wickham, Kent, aged 66,
Chevalier Samson Cahlmann, of Austin-ftiars,
Consul-General for Saxe- Weimar.
At Shrewton, Elizabeth, eldest dau. of the late
Rev. John Matthews, Vicar of that place.
At Stratton, Cornwall, John Dicker Inglett,
330
Obituary.
[Sept.
only child of the late Inglett Fortesoue, of Buck-
land Filleigh and Dawlisb, Devon, and the last
male representative of the Buckland Filleigh
branch of the Fortescue family.
At Oak-grove-terr., Anerley, aged 60, William
Bomham Blackwell, esq., formerly of Ashover,
Derbyshire.
Aged 61, Sarah, wife of J. W. Gowring, esq.,
of Aldeby-hall, Norfolk.
Aug. 9. Mr. Lucius Brutus Blackner, eldest
son of John Blackner, the author of " The History
of Nottingham," &o., committed suicide by hang-
ing himself. The deceased was of a nervous tem-
perament, and had been on the day previous to
witness the execution of Fen ton, the Walkcring-
ham murderer. This it appears weighed heavily
on his spirits, and the next morning he was found
hanging by the neck in his own room. He was
cut down, but life was extinct.
John Dalbiao Luard, esq., second son of Lieut.-
Col. Luard.
At Winchelsea, aged 70, Mr. Charles Hill. De-
ceased was governor of Winchelsea gaol for thirty-
seven years.
Aged 34, Rosabella Louisa Morris, eldest dau.
of Mr. W. Rose, Church-st., Warwick.
At Botesdale, aged 94, Ann, wife of the late
Robt. Flowerdew, esq., of Wortham-hall.
At Corbetts Tey, Essex, aged 77, T. Price, esq.
At his residence, Toddington - manor, Beds,
aged 78, Wm. Dodge Cooper Cooper, esq., Deputy-
Lieut, for the CO. of Bedford and Justice of the
Peace for the oo. of Bedford and Middlesex and
the Cinque Ports.
Elizabeth, the wife of William Belt, of Bruns-
wick-sq.
Atiff. 10. At Totton, near Southampton, aged
38, William O. S., eldest son of the late Rev.
Dr. Gilly.
In London, aged 59, Mr. Chas. May, C.E.,
F.R.S., F.R.A.8., formerly of Ipswich.
At Scirbro', Judith Puttering, wife of the Rev.
Basil Beridge, Rector of Algarkirke-cnm-Fosdike,
Lincolnshire.
At Gloccbter-terrace, Hyde-park, (the residence
of her brother-in-law, J. Thompson, esq.,) Mar-
* garet Holmes, wife of William Clement, esq., of
Alton, Hants.
At Dorset-gardens, Brighton, aged 58, Eliza,
relict of John Watson, esq., formerly of Bental-
villa. Lower Clapton.
Aug. 11. Aged 76, Mrs. Webster, Bank-hall,
Chapel-en-le-Frith, relict of O. Webster, esq.
At Uckfleld, aged 81, Philadelphia Albinia
Woodward, only surviving daa. of the Jate
Rev. George Woodward, Rector of Muresfleld.
At Surbiton, Surrey, aged 40, Mary Caroline,
wife of Matthew T. Coleman, esq.
At the house of his sister. Vale-lodge, Sutton,
Surrey, aged 52, Tbeophilus Thompson, M.D.,
F.R.8., of Upper George-st., Portman-sq.
Aug. 12. InHeniietta-st., Bath, Fanny Louisa,
relict of Capt. Henry Hollings, of the 66th Ben-
gal N.I.
At Camberwell-grcen, Surrey, aged 77, Lucy
Wale Basnctt, twin with the late Nathaniel Wale
Basnett, and dan. of the late Nathaniel Bamett,
of the East India-house.
At the parsonage, Wilberfoss, Maiy, wife of
the Rev. Thomas Holmes.
At Clifton, Charlotte, the eldest surviving dau.
of the Rev. Wm. Rose, Rector of Beckenham,
Kent, and Carshalton, Surrey.
At St. Leonnrds-on-Sea, Miss Catharine Matilda
Greatrex, of Park-end, Sydenham, second dan. of
the late John Greatrex, esq., of Tichfleld-house,
Regent's-park.
At Bedford-pl., Brighton, Elizabeth, wife of J.
Angas, esq.
At his residence, Kingston-on-Thames, aged 76,
Francis Garner, esq.
Aug. 18. At the Rectory, Ordfall, near Ret-
ford, (the residence of her brother, the Key.
Thos. King,) aged 85, Catherine, dau. of The*.
King, esq., late of Sileby, Leioestershfre.
At Weston-super-Mare, of grastric fever, aged
14, the Hon. Gerald John Lambart, son of tb»
Earl of Cavan.
At Brent Pelham-hall, Herts, aged 77, Mary
Frances Howley, widow of William, lat^ Arch-
bishop of Canterbury.
Aged 34, James Shaw, esq., of Oakhurst, near
Leeds, eldest son of the late Jas. Shaw, esq., of
Stubbin, Holmflrth.
In Brunswick-sq., Brighton, aged 48, Metcalfe
Larken, esq., late of the Bombay Civil Service.
Aug. 14. At his residenee, Marygate, George
Lawton, jun., esq,, proctor, eldest son of Georg«
Lawton, esq., of Nunthorpe.
At Freshford, aged 79, Alice Susanna, wife of
the Rev. C. Baker, of Freshford, and Reet<nr of
Tellisford.
At Brockhill, near Hythe, Frances Anne, wife
of the Rev. J. H. Allen, and youngest dau. of the
late Rev. William Toumay, Rector of Denton,
Kent.
Aged 8, Rokeby James Thomas, eldest son of
Capt. R. S. W. Jones, 2nd W.I. Regt.
At Berlin, in consequence of a fall firom his
horse, M. de Beaulaincourt, an officer of cavalry,
military attach^ of the Embassy at that coort
from France.
Aug. 15. AtHoniton, aged 65, Robert Henry
Aberdein, esq., coroner for East Devon. The de-
ceased was registrar of the County Court, which
office he held for many years. He was also for
many years coroner for the district of Honiton,
and had filled the civic chair in the years 1849,
1855, and 1859.
At Appleby, aged 75, John Moore, esq.
At Warminster, aged 81, Jane Flower, relict of
John Hoare, esq., surgeon.
Aug. 16. At Paris, whither he had repaired
for his health, on leave of absence, M. G^rardy-
Saintine, French Consul at Erzeroum.
At St. Heller's, Jersey, Vice-Adm. Isaao Haw-
Idns Morrison.
Aug. 17. At Wootton-hall, Warwiokshlre,
aged 70, the Dowager Lady Smythe.
Aug. 20. At Bfargate, Henry William Tanered.
esq., Q.C., Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, and for
nearly thirty years M.P. for Banbury.
13
I860.]
331
TABLE OF MORTALITY AND BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON.
{From the Setumt issued hy the Registrar- General^
DEATHS REGISTERED.
STTPKSnrTElTDSKT
BBOISTBABS'
Area
in
Statute
Acres
Popula-
tion
in
1851.
Deaths in Districts, &c., in the Week
ending Saturday,
DI8TBICTS.
July
21,
1860.
July
28.
1860.
Aug.
4,
1860.
Aug.
11,
1860.
Aug.
18,
1860.
Mean Temperature • •
59-0
55^
58-2
56-3
67-8
London
78029
2362236
975
975
1047 999
1029
1-6. West Districts .
7-11. North Districts .
1219. Central Dbtricts
20-25. East Districts .
26-36. South Districts .
10786
13583
1938
6230
45542
876427
490396
893256
485522
616635
168
203
143
218
243
172
198
141
211
253
168
210
169
245
255
160
190
149
219
281
147
222
158
237
265
Deaths Registered.
Births Registered.
Week ending
Saturday,
Under
20 years
of Age.
20 and
under 40.
40 and
under 60.
60 and
under 80.
28
24
33
45
30
•
1
1
1
S
1
July 21 .
,. 28 .
Aug 4 .
.. 11 .
„ 18 .
478
527
548
541
574
136
135
136
131
136
176
140
164
134
143
138
149
159
148
146
975
975
1047
999
1029
809
917
921
857
829
827
868
831
799
856
16S6
1785
1752
1656
1685
PRICE OP CORN.
Average ^ Wheat,
of Six > #. d.
Weeks. J 57 10
Barley.
#. d.
33 4
Oats.
#. d.
.26 2
1
Rye.
s. d,
41 10
Beans.
#. d,
46 4
Peas.
#. d.
41 8
Week ending! 59 61 34 0 1261 1449 1466 1410
Aug. 18. / •
PRICE OP HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHPIELD, Auo. 20.
Hay, 8/. 0#. to hi, 6*. — Straw. IL 10*. to \l, 18#. — Oover, 4?. 0#. to 6/. 0*.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-MARKET.
To sink the Ofial — per stone of 81bs.
Beef 8#.
Mutton 4ff.
Veal 4».
8<;.to5#. 4d.
Od,tohs, 6d,
2d,to^, \d.
Pork 3*. 8rf. to 4ff. lOd.
Lamb hs, 6(2. to 6«. 4d,
Head of Cattle at Market, Ana. 20.
Beasts 4,870
Sheep and Lambs 27,500
Calves 229
Pigs 270
COAL-MARKET, AUQ. 20.
Best WaUsend, per ton, 17#. Qd. to I81. 0(2. Other sorts, 16#. Od. to 16#. 6J.
HETEOROLOaiCAL DIART, bt H.OOULD, UteW. CART, 181, SiHiSD.
Ihm Juig 24 to Aitgiut 23, wKlitme.
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I
AILT PRICE OP STO
CKS.
July
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cf^l
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Ei. Bill..
iBdU
smoit.
£1,1)00.
'K'
2-1
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7 din.
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230 311
8. 6 pm.
2171 10
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103 4
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2811 2
3. 6 pm.
103
13
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93j
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8. 6 pm.
21819
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93i
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8. 6 pm.
217 19
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103 41
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2. 6 pm.
217 18i
103 4
16
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93
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2 pm.
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103 1
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233
2171
8.4di9,
ALFRED WHITMORE,
Stock and 8hat« Broker,
19,
Ctu
IDJ
IB All
ley
London,
B.C.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
ANI>
HISTORICAL REYIEW.
OCTOBER, 1860.
i' ■ I ^^tmmmmmmm-^tm^tt*^
CONTENTS.
»ACtt
MINOR CORRESPONDENCS.^Si)p ThOBMM ^alcott, Knt-^The Liv1iig8toiie»-Able and
Ibl»— Srratam : Rcmdoei Benutins at Senary .^ 834
Medieval Hooees of Gknieefltersfaire 885
La Guienne Anglaise 855
Church-yard Crosses ,..,, 861
Church History of Scotland 862
The Syrian Relief Fund 87»
Early Irish History — the O'Briens (concluded) 874
ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.— Magical Practioes ^ 880'
Treasure Trove 385
ANTIQUARIAN AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCER.— British ArchflBotogical AsBocia-
tion, 386 ; Ecclesiologfoal Society, 394 ; Bucks. Architectural and Arehsological
Society, 395 ; Kilkenny and South-Eaat of Ireland Archs»oIogical Sodety, 887 ; Leioes*
tershire Architectural and Archttological Sodety — Iiverpo(d Architectural and
Archeeologrical Society, 398; Society of Antiquanea, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 809;
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 402 ; Sussex Arohceological Society, 408 ; Miscellanea 406
CORRESPONDENCE OP STLVANU8 URBAN.— A Tisitation of Anns in the University
and Town of Cambridge, 407 ; Becket or . St. Thomas T 409; The " Guardian" News-
paper and the " National Review," 410 ; Domettio Architecture in MedicBval London,
412; Genealogical Table of the Descent of the St. Barbe Family 414
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.— The Poem of the Bode of Job> 419;
Collectanea Antiqua— Canterbury in the Olden Time— Madras and Cuddalore im the
last Century, 420 ; Cronhelm's Inquiry into the Origin of the Belief in Predestinatton
—Squaring the Circle ^Encydopndia Britannica, Yd. xx., 421; Footprints on the
Sands of Time— Lucia's Marriage— Addresses to Candidates for Ordination — Compre-
hensive History of India— Schaible*s .Practical Elementary Exercises in ttie Art of
Thinking 422
BIRTHS 423
MARRIAGES 424
OBITUARY.— H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelits, 480 ; Earl of Lauderdale—
Countess Manvers, 431 ; Sir Henry Geo. Ward— Rt Hon. Jas. Wilson— G. T. Thomp-
son, Esq., 432 ; M. Dum^iil, 433 ; Mr. Edw. David Evans— Joseph Locke, Esq., 484;
Rev. D. Laing 436
CLERGY DECEASED 437
DEATHS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 438
Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births in the Metropolis— Markets, 447 ;
Meteorological Diary— Daily Price of Stocks 448
Bx STLVANUS TJEBAN, Qmra.
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
SIR THOMAS WALCOTT, KNT.
Mb. Ueban, — Through the kindness of
Mr. Courthope, of the College of Arms, I
have been able to identify the judge above-
named, concerning whom I made inquiry
recently in your pages*, with Thomas
Walcott, of Bitterley Court, who occurs
in the family pedigree. Having received
permission to consult the books under his
care, I have collected the following &ustB,
which are borne out by the parish regis-
ters of Bitterly and Lydbury, the latter
being the nearest church to Walcott Park,
which was then held by the family. He
was baptized at Lydbury Aug. 6th, 1629,
and was the son of Humphrey Walcott, of
Walcott and of the Middle Temple, who,
being a Royalist, made great sacrifices for
Charles I. (Visitation of Salop, 1663.)
He entered at the Middle Temple, be-
came serjennt-at-law, and was knighted at
Wliitehall, (Dugdale, Visit, pp. 38, 39;
Le Neve's Knights, Heralds* College, 281) ;
was M.P. for Ludlow 1679—1681; re-
corder of Bewdley, 1671, (Nash., Wore,
ii. 279) ; and appointed puisne judge of
King's Bench Oct. 22, 1683. He married
at Bitterley, December 10th, 1663, Mary,
daughter of Sir Adam Lyttelton, of Stoke
Milburgh, Bart., and her name frequently
occurs in the family correspondence as
Lady Walcott, after her husband's de-
cease in 1685. Bitterley Court, Salop, was
sold by his grandson in 1765, and is now
held by the elder branch of the family.
Colonel Thomas Walcott, who was said
to be implicated in the Rye-house plot,
and was actually executed on a charge
of high treason, was a near relative of
the judge. I am, &c.,
Mackenzie WAiiCorr, MJL
Knightshridge,
• Gknt. Mao., Aug. I860, p. 110.
THE LIVINGSTONES.
Mb.XTbbak, — I should be obliged by
any correspondent giving the names of the
wives and their arms in the instances men-
tioned as follows from the Livingstone
pedigree, Burke's " Peerage and Baronet-
age," 1853. p. 620 :—
1. Alexander, created in 1600 Earl of
Linlithgow, heir of William, sixth Lord
Livingstone, succeeded by his fourth son
2. The Hon. George Livingstone, of
Ogleface, co. Linlithgow, created a Baronet
of Nova Scotia 30th May, 1625. Sac-
ceeded by his son
3. Sir William, who was saooeeded bj
his son
4. Sir Alexander. — I am, Ac
W. H. Clabkb.
ABLE AND IBLE.
Mb. Ubbak, — Can any of yoar readers
who take an interest in orthog^phy in-
form me whether there be any general
rule which will apply to the correct spell-
ing of words compounded with able J
E.g., we write intelligible and commend-
able.— I am, &c A. B.
ERRATUM— ROMAN REMAINS AT
SEDBURY.
Ik p. 281, col. 1, 1. 18, for "atft'ooji
camps on the Cotswold range in front,"
read " Ostorian."
The camps alluded to form a range of
twenty-five, described by Mr. Baker in
Afchaoloffia, voL xix. pp. 161—176, and
referred by him to the operations of Osto-
rius, for which see the Annals of Tacitus,
lib. xii. cap. 18.
THE
/
(^tnilmnn'a MMHnm
(W)
ANB
HISTORICAL REVIEW.
MEDIEVAL HOUSES OF GLOTICESTERSKtRE.
A Paper head at the M£etik& op the AscHiBOLOGicAL Institittb,
JuLT, 1860, BY John Bjsst&y Paeieb, F.S.A.
I have been requested to give you some account of the bouses of tbe
Middle Ages still remaining in Gloucestershire. They are more numerous
than is commonly imagined. This county is rich in .antiquities of various
kinds, owing partly to the excellent quality of the building stone, as may
be seen by the most casual observer in many parts of the county. I will
not detain you with any preliminary remarks on the great value and interest
of such examples, of the light which they throw on the manners and cus-
toms of our ancestors, or how closely they are connected with the history
of our country, of which, indeed, they form an important though a neglected
portion. But I am addressing those who are better able to instruct me
than I am to inform them on these general topics. All that I can pretend
to as an excuse for addressing you at all is that I have taken some pains to
ascertain what remains may still be found, and to what periods they belong.
I will therefore endeavour to give you a short account of each, and as nearly
as I can in chronological order. Those which I have either myself seen,
or have obtained notice of from persons on whom I can rely, amount to
about thirty in number, and range in date from the twelfth century to the
sixteenth. I have little doubt that there are others at present unknown.
Op the twelfth centubt we have several domestic buildings still re-
maining in this county. In the city of Gloucester the present deanery is
the abbot's house of the Norman period, and though much altered by many
succeeding generations, still retains the original chapel perfect; it is an
oblong apartment, with a barrel-vault, supported by arch-ribs only, with
the usual Norman mouldings and details: the floor is paved with a rich
set of heraldic tiles of the fifteenth century, with the arms of Beauchamp
impaling Despencer, and the initials W. S. ofk repeated; their arrange-
ment is not original. Under this is a similar apartment, vaulted in the
336 Medieval Honses of Gloucestershire. [Oct.
same manner; a door at the east end of this chamber opens into the
cloister, close to the north-west door from the cathedral into the cloisters.
Under a building at the back of the Fleece Inn is a large vaulted chamber
of the Norman style, popularly considered as the crypt of an ancient church,
but which appears to me to be only one of the usual vaulted chambers or
cellars, or fire- proof warehouseSy which we commonly find under merchants'
houses throughout the Middle Ages, and very often under other bouses,
castles, and monastic buildings. This vault is of the horse-shoe form, that
is, the walls slope or lean outwards, and are wider apart at the capitals or
springing of the vault than they are at the bases, or on the floor line.
These walls were evidently built in this manner, and I have met with other
instances of this mode of building walls both in houses and churches ■.
The circular keep and some other portions of the magnificent castle of
Berkeley are of this century, much altered at subsequent periods.
At HoRTON a house of the twelfth century has been preserved, and
forms one wing of the present mansion, close to the church. The tAd hocise
is of the time of Henry II., and being probably intended only for the resi-
dence of a single priest, was small. It was on the usual plan of the period,
a lofty hall occupying about two-thirds of the house, the remaining third
being divided into two stories, the cellar or parlour below, and the solar
or bedroom, or the lord*s chamber, above, under part of which was the
usual passage behind a screen. At each end of this passage is a doorway,
one of which was the chief entrance from the court, the other the back door
to the churchyard ; both of these doorways are perfect, and in good pre-
sei'vation, ornamented with the late zig-zag moulding so characteristic of
the period ; the shafts are pear-shaped in section, and their capitals remain
uninjured. Two of the Norman windows also remain high in the wall, now
blocked up, and a small newel staircase to the upper chamber, with a transi-
tion Norman doorway. The floor is now continued the whole length of the
building, and the upper room has been fitted up as a Roman Catholic
chapel by the Faston family in the seventeenth century ; it was evidentlj
concealed with caution, and might easily be overlooked. Behind the altar
is a recess, apparently for the purpose of hiding the priest in case of
need. That the original hall occupied only two-thirds of the building ap«
' One very cnrioas example remaiDed until within the last year in the remarkable
little chancel of West well Church, Oxfordshire, and had the original painting of
the thirteenth century upon it. The inner arches of the windows were built upright,
conseqnently they stood out from the face of the receding wall; and this pnrjecttng
part was also painted on the top as well as in front, a clear proof that it was part of
the original design. But I am informed that a conceited modem architect has lately
destroyed this curious vestige of antiquity, alleging that because the wall was not
straight within, the foundations must have given way, although the outer surface of
the wall was straight. It may also be interesting to record the ancient chancel of East
Hendred Church, Berks., lately demolished, the walls of which battered considerably oa
the inside, while the pier of the ro«d-k)£b was verticaL
I860.] Medieval Mmues of Gloucesterthire.
Gbkt. Mas. Vol. CCIX.
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
[Oct.
peara to mc clear, from ttie circumatance that (lie original windows extend
no further ; they five liigli in the wall, and had there been a floor there
would have been no light to the lower chamber ; they do not extend be-
yond the doors or passage, and the two amall chambers were probably
lighted by ^vijidows in the neat end, now concealed by roughcact and
ivy on the outside, and papered over on the inside. There is a tar^
fireplace at the east end of the lower room, but it is modem. Buttresses
have been added in the Perpendicular period, and a shield of arms intro-
duced over the north doorway.
For a knowledge of this interesting old house, one of the earliest in Eng-
land, I am indebted to my lamented friend the late Rev. R. W. Huntley,
who took me lo see it a few yenra since, and I have lately reiisiled it.
Of tub TniKTKENTH CEunjHY there are also some portions remaining in
Berkeley Castlk, but so much mixed up with later work that the original
plan of the house of that period can hardly be made out, and there is little
information to be gleaned from them. The room in which Edward 11. is
traditionally said to have been murdered is built over the Norman staircase
to the ketp. and may possibly be of this period, but if so it has subsequently
been much altered.
St. £biat£l's Castle is to a greet extent a house of the early part of
the thirteenth century. The hall has unfortunately been destroyed, bat the
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
I860.]
solar, or lord's chamber, at the upper end of it remains, and is now uRed as
a schooltoom ; it coutains a fioe fireplace of this period, over which is the
well-known chimney with the bugle-horn for a crest upon the top of it.
On ench of the faces of the octagonal shaft is a small laDCet opening trefoil-
headed, with a crocketed canopy over it, and from the junction of these
canopies rises the small spire surmounted by the crest. It is one of the
most beautiful chimney-tops in England.
At the lower end of the hall some of the servants' apartments remain,
though mutilated, and these are connected with one of the towers of the
gatehouse, which is nearly perfect, and contains several small chambers of
this period, each with ils fireplace and chimney. This is in direct contradic-
tion to the popular error that chimneys were not known before the fifteenth
century, an error originating in the custom of having no chimney to the
hnU in the earlier houses, the fire in the hall having been usually in the
centre of the room upon a brasier or reredos, and the smoke escaping fiom
the open louvre in the roof. But this arrangement was obviously imprac-
ticable in the smaller chambers in lowers of several stories, and in these
we accordingly find fireplaces and chimneys at sU periods, from the twelfth
century downwards. St. Briavel's Caetle is popularly attributed to King
John, but I believe without any foundation; and it is remarkable that
King John has the credit by popular tradition of nearly all the old houses
in England, a tradition for which it is difficult to account, and which is fre-
quently quite groundless. As, however, the Early English style was tolerably
well established by his time, a portion of St. Briavel's may possibly belong
to his reign. The buildings have been much more extensive, and prohably
covered nearly the whole space within the walla, where b now a garden.
The outer walls and the moat are perfect.
The domestic portions of the buildings of thb Siack Fbiabs in Glou-
cester may fairly be considered as belonging to my subject. This bouse
was founded about a.o. 1239, by King Henry III, and Sir Stephen de
310
Me^eval Houses of Gloucesterihire.
[Oct.
Herneshull. The buildings remain od all the four sides of the cloister court,
or the square ; on the north side is the church, which was a large cnicifonn
church of the thirteenth century, converted into a dwelling-houee imme-
diately after the dissolution, by Thomas Bell, in the time of Henry VIII., as
described by Leland''. On the opposite side of the court, or square, was the
dormitory, also of the thirteenth century, nhich remaine unusually perfect,
though divided by a modem floor, and now used as a warehouse. It b on
the first floor, having a number of smaller apartments under it. The plain
open timber roof remuns, but concealed by the modem upper floor ; on each
side is a row of small original square-beaded vrindows, quite plain on the
exterior, but on the inside the rear arch of each window has good
Early English mouldings ; these arches rest upon, and are separated by,
upright stone slabs, each of which formed a partition between two cells;
this partition was carried out considerably farther in wood, and in the
ends of the alone partitions are the mortices for the wood-work. The roof
' Itin., vol. iv. p. 7S, Fuller aaitli that he converted it into k beaatifol home for
hiroaeir, and bard by erectud an aluuhoiue aiul endowed it. VaUer** WiHtbk*, p. 8^.
I860.]
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
341
is similar to that of a hall, and equally lofty in the centre, over the space
of the central passage, but coming down at the eaves to about eight feet
from the floor. There were places for eighteen cells on each side, giving
room for six -and- thirty friars; but from these probably two must be
deducted for the entrance, which was from the side by an external stair.
Adjoining to the west end of the dormitory is a triple lancet window,
which has detached shafts of Purbeck marble within, and formed the south
end of the refectory ; one of the aide windows is also perfect, a single
l.-incet light with good shafts, arch -mouldings and foliaged capitals well
carved. This is now a stable and hay-loft, and formed a small part only of
the refectory ; the other part has been turned into dwelling-houaes, but the
outline of the old roof of the refectory can be seen externally, as is also the
342
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
[Oct.
case nith the church. The refectory occupied nearly the whole of the west
side of the cloieter, as shewn in the bird'e-eye view from b sketch bj
Stukeley, preserved in Cough's Collection in the Bodleian. The doorway
of it is tolerably perfect, with a fine euite of Early English mouldings in
|^$i^Sfe>i'w,^r., ',^'1,
the soulh-west corner of the court, and near to it are remains of the Ura-
tory. On the east side of the court was the chapter-house, which had
been rebuilt in the fifteenth century, and a fine piece of rich Perpendicular
stone panelling remains on the exterior, or eastern face of the house, now
almost hidden by modern buildings, but it can still be seen in a narrow
passage about four feet wide.
^
I860.]
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
Of the end of the thirteenth, or beginning of the fourteenth century, we
liave in llie city of Gloucester the Tanners' H.u.l, a highly intereating
remain, though in a aadly neglected and mutilated state ; it is of the time
of Edward I., and it ia not improbable that it was built for the halt of the
Tanners' Guild at that period, as the guilds were then of considerable im-
portance. The walla are tolerably perrect, and one of the windows of the
hall on the first floor has the tracery perfect, the otljers are more mutilated.
The cellar under it has eingle-light windows, rather wide lancets. The
entrance to the hall was from bd external staircase, under the landing-
place of which was the entrance to the cellar. The date may be rather
earlier than 1 have assigned to it. I have not been able to find any
history of it.
In 1291, or the ISth year of Edward I., a licence to fortify his house at
844 Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire. [Oct.
Little Compton was granted to John Bomaine, Archbishop of York, but
I am not aware of any remains of it.
Op the foitrteenth centuky we have the following licences to crenel-
late or fortify houses : —
In 1301 a licence was granted to John of Wylington to fortify his house
at Yate, near Chipping Sodbury, in this county. The gatehouse remains,
and is an interesting ruin of the time of Edward I. The upper part has
been mutilated, but the lower part is perfect, with the outer and inner arch-
ways, a small doorway on each side, with an ogee head, and a good fire-
place in the first-floor room over the passage : this has a fine mantelpiece,
with a row of four-leaved flowers. There are also some ruins of the house,
but these are of considerably later date, and a farm-house has been built
on part of the site and of fragments of the old buildings, some windows
and a doorway being used again : this is a common practice which often
misleads young antiquaries.
In 1307 a licence was granted to Alexander of Bicknor, clerk, to fortify
his house at Ruardean ; and a few fragments of this house are, I believe,
still standing.
In the same year a licence was granted to William le Wanton to fortify
his chamber within his mansion at Crumhale, or Cromhall, near Wickwar,
but nothing remains of this.
In 1318, Henry of Wylington obtained a licence to fortify his honae at
Culverden.
In 1348, 21st Edw. III., Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, had
a licence to fortify his house at Whitenhurst, or Wheatenhurst, (about
seven miles from Gloucester).
In 1374, 47th Edw. III., the abbot and convent of Winchcombe had
a licence to fortify their abbey and their houses, granted at the request of
Master John of Branktre, chaplain to the king ; and there are some alight
remains of the abbey buildings in a meadow near the church.
Of this century we have also considerable parts of Berkeley and of
Beverstone Castles, both very remarkable examples, of which I have gi^en
a description in my work on the " Domestic Architecture of the Middle
Ages<^." The following extracts will probably suffice for the present
object : —
'' Bebkelkt Castli. — The hall retains a late Norman wall on one side, but on the
other are some good and rather peculiar square-headed windows of the fourteenth
century. The screen and gallery have been destroyed. The doorways of the porch
and of the hall itself are of the peculiar form which occurs over tombs in Bristol
Cathedral. At the end of the hall are the doorways ac^oining and leading to the
kitchen and other offices. The centre one, which is the largest, and is now blocked
up, led directly to the principal door of the kitchen, but the present entrance is by
the door on the north.
^ See vol. ill pp. 256— 25a
iOJ
Medieval Nouses of Gloucestershire.
" The kitchen, the north wall of which forms part of the line of wall of the conrt-
yard, U of an iirFgolor hexagonal form, three of iU wdes being longer than the otbera.
Thia and the other offices belong also to the fourteenth century, and are worthy of
careful examination." — (p. 2S4.)
The chapel of Berkeley is as excellent example of an arraDgement which
was not uncommon in the larger houses of the Middle Ag^ee, but nhicli has
not been generally understood. The eastern part, or sacrarium, where the
altar stands, is lofty, of the height of two stories: the western part is
divided by a floor into two chambers, one over the other, each with a fire-
place ia it, and with separate entrances, — the lower one from the hall for
the servants, the upper one from the dining-room or lord's chamber for
the use of the family and their quests. This upper chamber was also called
THB ORiBL, and its use was by no means confined to attending the service
in the chapel, but it was used for variooa other purposes. In place of a wall
on the eastern side of this room was a screen of open timber-work, eilend-
ing from the floor to the ceiling, over which tapestry was hung, so that
on ordinary occasions this room had the same appearance as any other
chamber. When the service was performed in the cbapel o
Qbht. Uao. Vol. CX;ix. s ■
846 Medieval Souses of Gloucestershire. [Oct.
the tapestry was drawn aside, and the family BBgembled id this oriel or
upper chamber could join in it, and see the elevation of the Host, This
screen remains nearly perfect, only a modern opening has been made in the
centre, giving the appearance of a gallery with a family pew in it. The
screen in front of the lower room has been removed. There is a curious
passage from the altar platform to the lower western chamber made in the
thickness of the Norman outer wall, but in the fourteenth century, and
with Decorated arches opening to the chapel.
" BsTSBBTom Castlb U the pictoreaquo rain of ■ ftno honae of the Gmrteenth oen-
toTj, wilb an ElizabvthsD hoase bailt on part of the rite, and a more modem horwe
added. The Ehzabethao hoose stands on the site of the original ball, the vaulted
cellars of nhicb remain, together with the towers at each end. One of these ii larger
and seems to have heen a sort of Icoep ; it contains two chapels, one nearly over the
other, but not eiaetlj. The lowor or principal chapel, on the first floor, is a verj good
specimen of a domestic chapel of the Decorated stjle, and most have been intended
to contain the whole household, never a very Urge one, from the amall siie of the
castle ; there is no other room commnnicating with it, and there is a aeparatt divisioo
for the sacrariniD, with the piacina and two sedilia, vrtth ccocheted ogee canopy, finial
and 'pinnacles, and shaita ; the piscina has the baan perfect. Tho whole chapel haa
a good gndned vault, with ribs and boaaee.
A Oratory. B Prial't Soam. C Iflrif j Bcd-elk»mter. DO Hh Sfalnb. B AUar.
"The upper chapel, or oratory, is quite small, it retain* a piidna in the angle, with
a Decorated <^^ taaopj and flnial, the basin and shelf; the east window ha« been
altered in ElizaheUum work. On each sido of this diapd are sqninti^ or hagiosoqiei^
«
I860.] Medieval Souses of Gloucestershire. 847
through the walls from the chambers on either side ; the roof is not vaulted, and the
size of this whole chapel is not larger than the sacrarium of the principal one. The
chamber on the south side appears to have been the solar, or a dweUing-room of some
importance and considerable size, but has been much altered, and an Elizabethan
window introduced. The other chamber on the north side is much smaller, and on
rather a higher level, even with the oratory, which is two steps above the solar; this
was probably the priest's chamber
Leland gives the following account of this castle : —
' Thomas Lord Berkeley was taken prisoner in Fraunce, and after recovering his
losses with French prisoners and at the batul of Poytiers, builded after the castelle of
Beverstone thoroughly, a pile at that time very preaty.'"— (pp. 256 — 258.)
At Standish, a house adjoining to the churchyard is of the e^rly part of
the fourteenth century, though much altered at subsequent periods.
The Grange, a farm-house in the parish of Tetbury, has the dairy formed
out of the lower part of the chapel of a house of this century ; but the
upper part of the chapel is entirely destroyed, and the rest of the house is
of the time of Charles II. One fireplace has the date of 1663.
At CA.LCOT is a fine bam of the Decorated style, with good gables having
finials, and buttresses, and transepts in the form of low square towers. The
following inscription records the date of its erection, — ' Anno mccc. Hen-
RICI ABBATIS XXIX. FUIT DOMUS HJSC iBDIFlCATA.* This is CUt On a StOUC
in the wall of one of the doorways. Another inscription records a rebuild-
ing after a fire in 1729, but this evidently refers only to the roof and a part
of one side.
At Deebhubst there are some remains of the Priory joining on to the
church, with a singular window, long and square-headed, with Decorated
tracery ; it has been restored and lengthened, but is still worthy of notice.
Stanley Pontlaboe, near Winchcombe. A licence to crenellate his
manor-house was granted to " John le Rouse de Raggeley," in the 15th
Richard II., and a pardon was granted at the same time for his having
fortified a part of the said house without a licence. A part of this house
was standing in 1830. A very good window from it is engraved from
a drawing of Mr. Petit in the "Archaeological Journal,*' vol. vi. p. 41, but
it has been recently destroyed. In this village there is a small house, or
cottage, of the time of Henry VIII., very perfect, with the two gable ends
and their coping; the windows and doorways are of the usual late Per-
pendicular style; the chimney is at one end, with a square shaft and a
plain fireplace ; and there is an original dormer window in the roof. Cot-
tages of this type abound in the county, and are well worthy of imitation
in these days of cottage building. There is another very good example
in the adjoining village of Bishop's Cleeve.
Of the fifteenth centuky, the first house to be noticed is Wanswell
CouBT, a small manor-house of about the middle of the century, which is
unusually perfect, although many of the details are mutilated, and one wing
has been added in the Elizabethan period. It is surrounded by a large
Medieval Houses qf Gloueeaterthire.
[Oct.
F 4 O Firrplacri.
n Fi^ch lo Hall.
HaWELL COURT, OLOOCESTERSBIRE.
I860.]
Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire,
849
and wide moat, which encIoBes not only the house, but the farm-yard,
garden, and orchard also. Of this house I have given a full deBcriptiou
in my work ', from which the following extract will be sufficient here : —
" WxirswBirL CoDBT. The original groQiid-plan of the bidding; ecndrt* of a hall,
which ia entered by a porch, and has a room at each end, a cellar, and a hitchen. Hie
hall occopiea the whole height of the building, and is almost iqnare, meamring about
25 feet by 22. It la lighted b; two windowa on the lonth side, which are eqoare-
headed, of too lights, and tramomed, tbe one at the upper end of the hall having the
uBual stone seats. Between tbeae windowa i* the fireplace. It it large, and has very
good details ; the npper part ia panelled, and it has a bold eoTDice. The arrangement
of the mouldings on tbe jambs is ungnlar. Then>ofconaiBts<tffonT bays, one of which
is cut off trom the hall by a modem partition ; it is a collar-beam roof, with arched
bracea apringing from wooden shalU, which rest on carved atone corbels ; it baa two
purlins, and three pairs of arched braces in each bay.
" This ball ia intereating from ita marking mother step in the march of reflnemeot.
lliere is no dua, plunly shewing that the master of the maniion no longer dined with
bis retainers in the hall, bat b its place ia a room cut ont of the hall bj a wall carried
half way np, and finished with an embattled wooden cornice, and covered with a flat
cdling supported by moulded beams, the space above being originally open to tbe hall
roof, though at present cut off by a modem latb-and-plaster partition. Thia room waa
the ' privee parlor' mentioned iu I^era Ftownum, where tbe lord and lady dined, for in
tbehaU
"The lord ue the lady Ijketh not to iytte.
Now hath eehe lyche a rule to eaten by himsdfe
In a privee parlour . . • and leave the chief haL"
This parlour, wbich is about 26 ft. by 91, waa filniiihed with a firepUce, now broken
and mutilated, and baa a double window of four lights occupying nearly tbe whole
south end of the room. Near this window was
doubtless the place where tbe master uaually
sat, for on each aide of the window ia a small
opening, like a miniature window, which baa
evidently served aa a look-ont, one of tbem
commanding tbe open window of the porcb and
the other (he eastern entrance over tbe moat,
go that no one could pais in or oat either way
without being seen. The parlour communicates
with the hall by a door at tbe nortb-eaat angle,
close to wbich ia the door into the cellar, which
is on tbe samo level, and is a large room, which
bus been lighted by very narrow windowa,
thoogb larger ones have since been inserted.
At tbe nortb.weat angle ia the stone staircase
lining to the upper roonu^ and near it the
entraoce to what appears to have been ori|p-
nally tbe kitchen before the addition at the
west end waa made, aa it still retains a mass of
masonry, which includes the fireplace, &c. At
the west end of tbe ball is a small room, to
which a bay .window has been added, and which
' Sea Domeatic Arcliitoctore, vol iii. pp. 267 — 26
350 Medieval Homes of Gloucestershire. [Oct.
IB now used as a parlour, and on the opposite side of the passage is a small larder.
The porch, which is not vaulted, has an open vdndow on each side and a room over; it
still retains the original hall door, with its ironwork. In one of the upper rooms is
a fireplace with a cornice of excellent grape and vine-leaf foliage. The seventeenth-
century addition to the house connsts of only two rooms, a dairy and a kitchen,
with a small porch."— (pp. 267, 268.)
At AsHELWoBTH is a very perfect manor-house of the middle or latter
half of the fifteenth century ; the interior is modernized, and the hall
divided into small rooms, hut the whole of the roofs and walls are perfect,
and most of the windows, with their dripstones and tracery, and the usnal
seats inside the windows.
Campden, or Chippino Cahpden, contains several ancient houses ; the
street is nearly a mile long and of a fair width, in the middle of which
stands the Market-house, huilt in 1624, and the Court-house, part of which
is of the fourteenth century, with panelled buttresses.
Here are also two houses of the fifteenth century nearly opposite to
each other, one of which is a " capital mansion, supposed to have been the
residence of the wealthy family of Gl-revil, great wool-staplers, who rebuilt
the church." It has a good panelled bay-window of two stories, which
agrees in style with the tower of the church. The other house had a fine
oriel window, the exterior has been mutilated, but within there is a fine arch
and a piece of groining, with part of the roof and a fireplace.
At DuBSLEY there is a small house of the Perpendicular style, about the
middle of the fifteenth century ; the walls are washed by a spring of water
called the Broad Well ; it has a tolerably good doorway and windows, and
a small chimney on the point of the gable ; the interior is modernized.
The Post-office is also of the fifteenth century, but much altered.
Gloucesteb. There is a timber- house of the fifteenth century, called
the New Inn, with a very rich corner post (engraved in " Domestic Archi-
tecture") ; the end of the house is modernized; it stands at the comer of
Northgate-street. In the same street is a magnificent gateway of oak,
with carved spandrels and brackets. The castle has been entirely destroyed
to make room for the County Gaol. There are several other timber-
houses of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. One has particularly
good barge-boards, which look like fourteenth, but are really of the
fifteenth.
The ruins of Llantont Abbet consist only of part of the gatehouse, the
walls of a fine large Perpendicular barn, cruciform, with good buttresses,
and long narrow slits for windows ; a stable, also of the fifteenth century,
with some other offices joining on to it, the lower part of stone, with plain
doors and windows of the Perpendicular style, the upper part of wood, in
which is a timber hall of plain work. They appear to have been only farm
buildings, but may have been of more importance, and the hall possibly the
I860.] Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire.
gueste' hall. A small modem house has been built in the ruins, and joins
on to these offices.
Icons : an extensive and picturesque pile of atone, of the time of
Henry VI.
Leckhampton Uanor-honee is partly of the time of Hen. VII., with four
chimneys and the hall windows remuning, bnt the rest of the house is
modernized.
Newbnt : m this small border-town a house is, or lately was, standing,
called the Bootball, which, Leland says, was originally called the New Inn.
and built when a communication was first opened by this road to Wales.
There was a priory here, of which the gatehouse and some other fragments
are still in existence.
At KiBLET, near the church, is a small house, probably that of a chantry-
priest, now a school-house. It was reitored in 1853, with new windows
and doorways in the Perpendicular style. Two of the original fireplaces
remun, but both altered ; one was in the hall, the other in the solar ; the
latter has a rich mantelpiece of panelled work. The walls are old, with
remains of the strings and buttresses.
BoDUABTOK Manor-house is in part of the fifteenth and uxteenth centu-
ries. A view of it is published in Lysons' " Gloucestershire Antiquities."
RiTABSEAii : a licence was granted in the 4th Ednard IV. to Alexander
de Bykenore, clerk, to crenellate his mansion here. A few fragments of it
are still standing.
Stboud. The Town-ball is probably of the fifteenth century, but much
modernized.
SuDKLET Casde is more fully described by Leland than usual : —
" The Castle of Snddey ia abont a mile from Wmehecombe. . . . Boteler Lord
852 Medieval Houses of Gloucestershire. [Oct.
Sndeley made this castle a J^mdamentis, and when it was made it had the prize of all
the bnUdings in those dayes. . . . The Lord Sndeley that bnilded the castle was
a famous man of warre in K. H. 5. and K. H. 6. dayes, and was an admirall (as I have
heard) on sea ; whereupon it was supposed and spoken, that it was partly bnilded ex
tpoliis Gallorum ; and some speake of a towre in it called Potmare's Tower, that it
should be made of a ransome of his. One thing was to be noted in this castle, that
part of the windowes of it were glazed with berall. There had been a manor-place at
Sndeley before the building of the castle, and the plot is yet seene in Sudeley Parke
where it stoode. E. £. 4. bore no good will to the Lord Sudeley, as a man suspected
to be in heart K. H. 6. his man : whereupon by complaints he was attached, and going
up to London he looked from the hill to Sudeley, and sayd, Sudeley Castle, thou art
a traytor, not /. After he made an honest declaration and sold his castle of Sudeley
to K. E. 4. Afterwards E. H. 7. gave this castle to his uncle, Jasper Duke of Bedford,
or permitted him to have the use of it. Now it goeth to mine, more pittye *.*'
Queen Catherine Parr afterwards resided here with Sir Thomas Seymour,
and part of the house was restored at that time, and is still inhabited, bav.
ing been again restored at great expense within the last few years ; the
remainder is still a picturesque and interesting ruin, probably much the
same as it was in Leland*s days. One tower of the castle of the fourteenth
century has been preserved between the ruins of the hall of the fifteenth
and the present Elizabethan house ; many fragments of the old chapel of
the house of the fourteenth have also been dug up, and are carefully pre-
served ; they are erroneously supposed to have been brought from Winch-
combe Abbey. The walls of the chapel are perfect, with a very good
and remarkable tower bell-cot. The roof, and fittings, and painted glass
have been very handsomely restored by the present proprietor, Mr. Dent,
who keeps up the old place and preserves all that belonged to it in re-
markably good taste.
CiBENCESTEB. There is a singular building over the south porch of the
church, of the time of Henry VIII. ; it has three good oriel windows of
two stories, and is believed to have been intended as the house for the
chantry priests, but perhaps was hardly finished before the Reformation,
and it was then applied to other purposes ; there are also two gatehouses
and a large bam belonging to the abbey buildings.
CoALEY is an ancient mansion of stone, with wooden windows, and framed
and panelled partitions on both floors, of the latter end of the reign of
Henry VIII.
Down Amney House was erected by Sir Antony Hungerford, in the
reign of Henry VIII., but has been so much modernized that very little
ancient character remains. The gateway, flanked by embattled towers,
has crocketed gables and domed turrets.
Gloucestek. The Crypt Grammar-school House is a plain building of
late Perpendicular work, the walls perfect, with the doors and windows,
but the interior and roof are modem.
Itin., vol. iv. pt. ii. fol. 170 a.
:ired
were
.:ture.
!i, and
vies of
or pro-
II great
ve go in
it one in
so closely
objects of
)c cordially
ry) of well-
. . where be is
devoted more
us the results.
urhood of Bor-
'r^t closely con-
:- for the longest
-..en afflicted ever
■d to preserve the
)^t other districts,
■ cinain to a great
. csent work. The
:vely unimportant:
.o»t other cities, and
Ik dominion; but the
• sqiie buildings, ap-
vith England. There
- Hazas and Uzeste.
itr staple of the work,
1., to which some at-
i 'inker in his work on
:\ de Vemeilh in the
."s fortifi^ ForteresBCB et
.'liiise. Par L^ Drouyn.'*
854 Medieval Souses of Gloucestershire, [Oct.
have of the period, with details, machicolations, and chimneys of moulded
brick.
Leland thus describes it : —
" Edward late Duke of Bokkyngbam likeynge the soyle aboate and the site of the
bowse, pulled doune a greate part of the old bowse, and sette up magnificently in g^ood
squared stone the sontbe syde of it, and accomplished the west parte also with a right
comely gate-bowse to the first soyle : and so it standeth yet with a hafe forced for
a time. This inscription on the front of the gate bowse : —
*^))is gate bias begon in t^e pere of ottr XoxXi ®otr 1511, i^t 2 vere of t|^e
reigne of IKtinge l^entp t^e VMSi. be me lElrbiarTi Bake of ISakk^ngf^am, '£rlc of
1|erefonr, Stafortr, anu i^ortl^ampton/
The Duke's motto Dorene Savant (Dorenavant.) The foundacions of a very spadons
base courte was then begun, and certayne gates, and towyres in the castell lyke. It
is of iiii. or v. yerdes bighe, and so remaynetb a token of a noble piece of worke purr
poeid. There was a gallery of tymbre in the bake syde of the bowse joinynge to the
north syde of the paroche churche f ."
A very full and accurate survey of this castle, made in the fifth year of
the reign of Queen ^Elizabeth, a.d. 1582, is printed in Leland*s Collectanea,
vol. ii. p. 658, and reprinted in firitton*8 •* Architectural Antiquities,"
vol. iv. p. 127.
Another survey, made immediately after the execution of the Duke of
Buckingham, has been recently found in the Public Records, and a tran-
script of it, kindly supplied by T. D. Hardy, Esq., the Assistant Keeper of
the Records, is printed in my work, (vol. iii. p. 263).
There was a private chapel, and the following extract illustrates what
has been said as to the double chapel, with a single sacrarium : —
** The utter part of the cbappel is a fair room for people to stand in at service time,
and over the same are two rooms or petitions with each of them a chimney, where the
Duke and Dutchess used to sit and hear service in the cbappelL"
A beautiful series of engravings of the details of the castle is published
in the second series of Pugin's " Examples."
There are considerable remains of the kitchen and ofiices ; and the very
extensive outer court, which was the farm-yard surrounded by farm build-
ings and stables, according to the custom of the Middle Ages, still continued
in the time of Henry YIII. This practice of having one of the principal
entrances through the farm -yard may be seen in a great number of in-
stances in castles, houses, and abbeys..
' Itin., vol. vii. p. 75 a.
I860.] 355
LA GUIEl^NE ANGLAISE^
La Guienne Anglaise is a title which ought at once to arrest the atten-
tion of an English antiquary or student of history. For three hundred
years Guienne was an English province^ and those three centuries were
precisely the period of the greatest importance to the study of architecture.
From 1150 to 1450 this province was attached to the English crown, and
this is precisely the period during which the great changes in the styles of
architecture took place. Yet there is perhaps hardly any country or pro-
vince of which Englishmen in general are so ignorant. We know a great
deal more about Ceylon, (thanks to Sir Emerson Tennant,) and we go in
shoals " up the Rhine" and through Belgium every year, but not one in
a thousand of English travellers ever thinks of visiting a district so closely
connected with the history of our own country, and so full of objects of
interest. Such a work as the one before us can hardly fail to be cordially
welcomed in England. The author is an artist (and antiquary) of well-
established and well-deserved reputation ; a native of Bordeaux, where he is
one of the Professors in the Grovemment College, and he has devoted more
than twenty years to the researches of which he here gives us the results.
The department of the Gironde, in the immediate neighbourhood of Bor-
deaux, is precisely that part of France which was the most closely con-
nected with England, and which remained faithful to her for the longest
period ; and the poverty with which the country has been afflicted ever
since it lost the English market for its produce has tended to preserve the
buildings of that period in a more perfect state than in most other districts.
The medieval fortifications of the towns and castles remain to a great
extent intact, and these form the chief subject of the present work. The
churches are not overlooked, but they are comparatively unimportant:
those of Bordeaux itself are indeed equal to those of most other cities, and
belong for the most part to the period of the English dominion ; but the
country churches are generally small early Romanesque buildings, ap-
parently belonging to the time previous to the anion with England. There
are, however, some remarkable exceptions, such as Bazas and Uzeste.
The castles and fortified towns will, however, form the staple of the work,
and these will include the bastides built by Ekiward 1., to which some at-
tention has been called of late in England by Mr. Parker in his work on
Domestic Architecture, and in France by M, Felix de Vemeilh in the
Annales Archeologiques,
*■ ** La Guienne Anglaise. Histoire et Description dee Vilies fortifi^, ForteresBes et
Oiateaux construit dans la Gironde pendant la domination Anglaise. Far Leo Drouyn."
(Bordeaox. 4to., Livraisons 1, 2, 8.)
356 La Guienne Anglaise, [Oct.
The English sovereigns evidently took a deep interest in this province,
and always encouraged the fortification of the towns and the erection of
castles for the greater security of the country, and to check the bands
of brigands who infested the whole of France during the greater part of
that period. When there was no standing army nor police capable of con-
tending with these "free companies" of robbers, whom the government
both of Erance and England in vain endeavoured to suppress, the lords and
the people were obliged to rely chiefly on their fortifications to guard them
against the sudden surprises which were the usual tactics of the "free
companies." Of the more peaceful monuments of that period of perpetual
disturbance, a few of the bridges and the corn-mills are all that remain to
us. In the present state of prosperity, which has been brought about by
the strong government of Louis Napoleon, and which is likely to increase
rapidly under the effects of the new treaty of commerce, these monuments of
the Middle Ages are rapidly disappearing. Every year witnesses the destruc-
tion of some of them ; the towns find their old limits too small, and their
walls are like a straight-jacket, which must be removed to give them room
to expand. M, L^o Drouyn's work is thus just in time to preserve a faithful
record of historical monuments, many of which have already disappeared
since he made his drawings and plans of them. It is true that in France
much more attention is given to the preservation of historical monuments
than in England; the more important buildings are all enumerated and
marked as public property, and no one is allowed to destroy them or injure
them without permission from the Government, who send a competent
architect to examine the matter before such consent is given. But this ap-
plies chiefly to the cathedrals and important buildings. There remains
a large class which is at the mercy of small and ignorant proprietors, and
which no government influence can preserve. There is, therefore, great
need of such a work as M. Leo Drouyn has undertaken, and the care with
which he appears to be carrying it out is deserving of all praise. The whole
of the plates are drawn and engraved by his own hands, with the help of
his son only, so that there is no chance of the engraver mistaking and mis-
representing the drawing, as sometimes happens.
f An interesting question arises naturally from looking at this work. Was
* the architecture of Guienne influenced by that of England ? or was the
m architecture of England influenced by the close intercourse with Guienne ?
I That there is a connection between the two is evident, as the first glance at
the plates of this work shews. The excellent views and details of the castle
of Roquetaillade, for instance, might almost pass for those of Conway or
Carnarvon. Whether they are of earlier or of later date is a question to
be decided by the researches of M. L^o Drouyn. We know that both
Richard Coeur-de-Lion and Edward I. were great builders of castles, and
well acquainted with the best modes of defence in their time ; in fact, they
were both great military architects. The ** Chateau Gaillard" was in ad-
La Guienne Anglaise.
358 La Guienne Anglaise, [Oct.
/ vance of any castle in Europe of its day, and the castles of Edward I. were
L equally so. Richard had profited by his experience in Palestine, and
I Edward by his wars in this very province of Guienne in his youth, but as
we have records of his sending to London for skilled men {prudhommes)
to lay out the plans of his towns, it remains an open question whether he
acquired the improved art of fortification in France or imported it from
England.
Our author has prefixed to his work an able sketch of the early history
of the province, and an account of the fortresses erected before it came
under the English dominion, beginning with the primitive habitations in
caves, and going on with the earthworks of the Celts or other early in-
habitants. One of the most remarkable of these is Boqubpoet, supposed
to have been a fortress of the Celts or the Gauls« It occupies the summit
of a triangular promontory, or tongue of land, of considerable extent, the
length from the point of the promontory to the vallum, A A, which cut off
the connection with the table-land, being about 800 feet. This vallum is
about 8 feet high, upwards of 60 feet wide, and nearly 700 feet long ; on
the outer edge of this embankment was a wall of rough stone without mor-
tar, about 8 feet thick, but of which the original height could not be Ascer-
tained. The sides of the hill are very abrupt, and covered with loose stones,
apparently thrown down from the top, and along the edge of the promontory
is an artificial platform, or turf road (chemin vert)* Within this large en-
closure quantities of broken pottery have been found of the black and coarse
kind, also quantities of cut flints, arrow-heads, knives, and hatchets, but all
broken by the plough, as the land is fertile and has been long under cultiva-
tion. All these flints must have been brought there, as they are not the
natural product of the soil. A spring at B furnishes an abundant supply
of water. A castle of the thirteenth century has been built at the extreme
point of the promontory, now replaced by a modern house, not on the same
site, and leaving the old walls standing.
The camp of Charlemagne at Cabara is another very remarkable earth-
work, which tradition says is the site of a very sanguinary battle. A is an
elevated square platform on a promontory in the valley of the Bordog^e ;
B B B are the ditches, 20 feet wide, of which the original depth cannot
now be ascertained ; C a terrace on the level with the bottom of the ditch
on one side, but overlooking the steep slope H ; at D there is a dump of
trees, here the depth of the ditch is about 25 feet ; E F is a narrow terrace
between the ditch and the slope of the hill ; I K a perpendicular bank
12 feet high between the two terraces C and H; below this the hill is
extremely steep.
At Puynormand there are some slight remains also of a castle of the
Middle Ages, but evidently on the site of an earUer earthwork belonging in
character to the northern tribes. It occupies the summit of an isolated
hill, all round the base of which the soil has been cut away to a perpendi-
I860.] la Guientie Anglaise. 359
cukr cliff of from ten to fifteen feet high, so that the ascent is impracticable
except at points left for the purpose. This first obstacle s
next meet on the slope of the hill with the bank, or vallum, D, which was
further protected by palisades ; this is followed by a wide and deep ditch,
and another vallum, C, with a barbican, A, to protect the entrance. Within
these entrenchments were the walls of the castle, forming a lar^ parallelo-
grnm vnth the corners rounded off; this incloses a space of aboat 280 feet
long by 180 vride. The close resemblance between these works and the
Celtic works in Ireland and in Britain is too obvious to require pointing
out in detail.
These extracts suffice to shew the careful manner in which the author
proceeds, and how thoroughly he clears the way before him. We hope
hereafter to return to this interesting work and give some notices of the
English castles and towns. The magnificent Edwardian castle of Roque-
tailkde, and the curions old town of Rions, are all that have yet appeared.
We wish to direct attention to another publication'', which forms an
^ "Archivea Hiitoriqoei da MpaTtsmsiit de la Oinmde. 4to., 1869," (Bordnai;
GoiinouilhoD. Paria: Aubry.)
360 La Guienne Anglaise, [Oct.
indispensable supplement to La Guienne Anglaise, The one is an
archseological work with artistic illustrations, the other a collection of
historical documents relating to the same country or district — Bordeaux
and its immediate neighbourhood. Both belong as much to the history
of England as to the history of France : during the period to which the
greater part of these documents belong Bordeaux was an English city,
and the adjoining country an English province. These documents are
published by a society recently established for the purpose, entitled
** Society des Archives Historiques du D6partement de la Gironde.** It
comprises many of the principal inhabitants of the city, and is closely
connected with the municipality, for it is provided by the rules that, in
case of the Society coming to an end, the whole of the property is to be
transferred to the corporation of the city of Bordeaux. The subscription
is 20 francs a-year for residents, and 12 francs for non-residents, and each
member is entitled to a copy of the publications of the Society. As no
more are printed than what are required for the supply of the members,
the works are likely hereafter to rise in the market rather than otherwise.
The source from which these documents are taken is chiefly the ar-
chives of the city of Bordeaux itself, which are very voluminous ; but
the managers of the Society are perfectly aware that there exists an im-
mense number of documents relating to the history of Bordeaux in London*
Paris, and in many other places, and they hope from time to time to add
documents of interest and importance from these sources. The publication
is directed and superintended by a committee of competent persons, divided
into four sections, each of which takes charge of some one part of the work.
The documents are not arranged in any particular order, it was found
impracticable to do this, but full indexes, dates of arrangement and of
chronology are promised. The first document in the collection is of the
date of 1101, a confirmation by the Bishop of Bordeaux of a donation of
his predecessor to the church of St. Vivien. The second is of 1252, the
oath of allegiance of the mayor and commune of St. Emilion to Simon de
Montfort, as Duke of Gascony, and representative of the king, Henry III.
The third of 1254, the oath of allegiance of Pierre Bertrand de Blanque-
fort to the King of England. Blanquefort was the strongest castle in the
immediate neighbourhood of Bordeaux. Passing over several deeds re-
lating the wars of Keligion in the sixteenth century, and other subjects
not connected with England, we come to a series of petitions to Ed-
ward I., which afford a valuable insight into the state of the coimtry
and the manners of the period. Several petition for the restitution of
property in Gascony lost during the wars, and are gpiinted half of the
value stated ; one is from a citizen of Bordeaux for the restoration of
his wife, who had been taken from him by force; another for per-
mission to bear arms; another, from a Gascon lord employed in Scot*
land, to be indemnified for the loss of his lands in Gascony ; another,
3
J 8 60.] Church-yard Crosses. 361
from the chaplain of the castle of Bordeaux for payment of his wages,
{gages,) which is ordered. In the fourteenth century are several deeds for
the enfranchisement of serfs. Some of the documents are in Latin, others
in French, and others in the patois of the country. To. each is prefixed
a short abstract, and the particulars of where the original is preserved.
The whole seems to-be done with care and judgment; but there appears
to us rather too great a preponderance of documents of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries. The work is, however, on the whole, one of that
authentic and valuable character that is very creditable to the Society which
has produced it, and which ought to be placed in all good libraries in;
England.
CHUECH-YAED CROSSES.
At the recent meeting of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archsed-
logical Society, Mr. Wing made some interesting remarks on Church--
yard Ci-osses, chiefly in reference to those in that county : —
" Very many relics of antiquity of this gelists; and from the centre of the taber-
class," he said, *' are still in existence, nade rises the cross. The cross at Steving*
One of the most ancient in this district is ton, Bedfordshire, will exemplify this : in.
to be seen at Rothle j ; it has been a«cribed . it the head is chiefly a restoration ; the
to the Saxon period, but itk date is pro- lower part of the niches, with all below,
bably soon after the Conquest. Not a few is ancient. The feet of the figures remain,,
have eridently possessed great beauty, but the figures themselves have not been
though the eunstruction of these has restored. In many places where this ele*
usually been of so fragile a character, gant structure has been destrayed,,^ rem*
that only fragments remain to tell their nant of the tabernacle part is still in ex-
pristine merit. Some have been rich in isteuce, lying about in the cburch-yar^
sculpture. The shaft at Higham Ferrers puzzling every one, it may be^ to«tell what
is an exquisite piece of work. The cruci- it has pertained to. . Tha head is oftf n
fixion was not unfrequently portrayed on much larger in proportibnr than the bead
the front, and on the back the patron of that of Stevington, and when the block
saint. In the remains of the church-yard only remains which, has: ^)een the base of
cross at Sherborne, in. Yorkshire, we have such a cross, its previous- existence in that
a fine example. Sometimes the foot of form may, with some probability, be in*
the cross was carved with figures and ferred from a hole in the north ^and south
devices. The shaft was not uncommonly sides, about two inches square, and some-
surmounted with tabernacle work; in times on each of the four side»: this, it
some instances, containing a figure of the may be presumed, would receive >a hold-
Saviour on one side, and the Virgin Mary fiist for the iron rod,^ which wopld be
on the other, but more frequently having necessary to support the upper part.
four sides, with the four Evangelists, or Where the shaft is complete, as; at. Eirby
the Evangelistic symbols.. Others, again, Bellars, for example, there is to be seen
were built for a preacher to stand in, as on each side, near the top of it, the phice
the one at Iron Acton, in Qloucestershire. where the iron-work connected with thd>
" '1 here is one form which demands our rod was fastened. There has been a very
more special consideration, as it is fbund handsome one at Thorpe Arnold, near
to be more or less a type of many in Melton. At Kirby, the head of the cross
various and distant parts of the country, has been equally elaborate^ and ha^i been
It may be described thus : — There is the carried up to such a. height as to require
calvary or base divided into three or more much external support. The remains of
stages; this is surmoxmted by a shaft; at it are now in the church«yard wall, and
the top of the shaft is a sculptured piece they shew that the iron has been at-
of stonework, having four sides, with tached in many places, and even above
»>.
canopies, and figures of the four Evan- the canopies.'
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. v u
862 [Oct.
CHTJECH HISTORY OF SCOTLAIO)*.
We think that Mr. Cuningham has supplied a decided desideratum, and
has, moreover, done so in a very able and sufficient fiuhion. Scotland is
famous for historians, and Scottish history is in very great measure a history
of the Scottish Church ; yet it is somewhat remarkable that hitherto there
has scarcely been a Church History of Scotland. Stephen's History is a
very full and laborious work, but unfortunately it only dates from, the He-
formation ; Mr. Hetherington's History is eloquent and picturesque, bat it
is not very much better than an angry and one-sided account of the Disrup-
tion. In addition to these, we have the Episcopalian work of Spottiswood»
and the Presbyterian work of Calderwood. Mr. Cuningham is diligent and
accurate ; his style is also clear, manly, and sensible. He possesses the
virtues, perhaps rather rare among the theologians of his country, of toler-
ance and impartiality. It is something gratifying to find a Scottish clergy-
man who can employ the language of censure in reference to Knox, and
the language of sympathy in reference to the Regent, Mary of Ghiise.
The work certainly partakes a little too much of the character of a com-
pilation. The author is somewhat deficient in breadth of view. A nation's
Church history is necessarily only a chapter in the history of religion. Such
a history is surrounded and intersected by secular history. Mr. Cuning-
ham fails to grasp his subject in all its manifold relations. Fifty pages in
these two bulky volumes would make the reader familiar with a very neces-
sary amount of additional political information. Fifty pages mare would
have given us a general view of that great religious history to which this
only stands in the relation of a part to a whole. That this may be done is
clear from the terse. and luminous wisdom with which Mr. Hallam at the
close of his *' Constitutional History*' has written his concluding chapter on
Scotland. We do not, then,' think that Mr. Cuningham possesses the quali-
ties of a great historian ; but he certainly possesses qualities in which great
historians have been lamentably deficient. From the time of Eusebius
downwards great charges have been brought against Church historians of
onesidedness and a want of literary integrity. As we have intimated,
Mr. Cuningham is remarkably free from any imputation of this description.
Although he would doubtless be superseded by a really great ecclesiastical
historian, such men are rare enough, and for the present thb History will
become a standard work for safe information and easy reference. We may
safely congratulate the author. It is something to have filled up an im-
• ** The Church History of Scotland, from the commencement of the Christian Era
to the present Century. By the Bey. John Cuningham, Minister of Criefll" (Edin-
burgh : Adam and Charles Black.)
I860.] Church History of Scotland. 363
portant gap in historical literature in a manner not unworthy of its high
requirements. It is something, too, to have produced an Ecclesiastical
History where religious topics are treated with historic accuracy, and histo-
rical details are told with religious candour.
Mr. Cuningham belongs to the Macaulay school of writers, and the in-
fluence of Lord Macaulay upon his style and mode of thought is evident
and is great. We are not surprised, therefore, that the historical dement far
predominates over the theological. Mr. Cuningham is, perhaps, a little too
much inclined to take popular views of things. For instance, he tells us that
*' Charles the First ascended the throne of Great Britain amid the general
acclamations of a people ever inclined to think highly of their hereditary
kings." Nearly all the histories of Charles I. begin this way. It is a sort
of rhetorical trick to heighten the effect of the tragic close of the reign.
There were no general acclamations at all, Mr. Hallam states the case
much more truly when he says, " It does not appear that Charles ever en-
joyed the first transient sunshine of his subjects' affections." Mr. Cuningham
is very fond of a curious word, 'concuss.' "In 1633 the king had con-
cussed his nobles into joining in the Episcopal service. They now paid
him back by concussing him to take a part in the Presbyterian one. After
all, it was better that the many should concuss the one, than that the on^
should concuss the many.'' Again, he tells us that Charles the Second
" seemed to be sent by Providence to teach them the folly of concussing the
conscience." Some of Mr. Cuningham's quotations are made with great
simplicity. He tells us of some modem king who died, and was, of course^
succeeded by another king. Mr. Cuningham considers it necessary to
prove his point by multiplied references to the Histories. Now, unless
some substratum of fact is allowed, nearly every page of history would
abound in quotations. If Mr. Cuningham wanted to tell us that George
the Fourth succeeded George the Third, we suppose he would support his
assertion by copious extracts from the Parliamentary Histories, the Annual
Register, the " Times" newspaper, and various Histories of England.
Let us select a few salient points from the very many which these
crowded volumes present. It has sometimes happened that a higher cha-
racter has been assigned to the Scottish Reformation than to our own. It
is customary to dwell upon the leading features of the English Reformation ;
that it was political rather than religious ; that it originated in the despotic
will of the King; that its primary objects were intensely personal and
selfish, — the riddance of a disagreeable wife, the abolition of a foreign
jurisdiction, the enjoyment of confiscated property. With this is contrasted
the Reformation in Scotland, so genuinely religious, wrought by the fool-
ishness of preaching, the spontaneous work of a convinced people. Mr. Cun*
ingham, with rare candour, points out that this statement needs consider-
able modification. It would be more correct to say, that while the Re-
formation in England was monarchical, the Reformation in Scotland wap
864 Church History of Scotland. [Oct.
baronial. The last was far from being the popular movement it is gene*
rally supposed to be. The influence of the English nobility was perhaps
at the lowest ebb it has ever reached before or since. The wars of the
Roses had indefinitely thinned their numbers, the iron Tudor will effec*
tually curbed their spirit. Moreover, Henry possessed all engines of terror,
all engines of attraction : the axe in the Tower was thirsting for new blood';
the abbey lands, lying by pleasant streams and upon England's richest soil,
screened by low hills and overhanging woods, were awaiting new lords.
But in the neighbour land of Scotland, the iiarons, always a fair match for
the stoutest kings, reigned supreme during the feebleness of a long mino-
rity. Without them, Knox might have preached and Wishart have been
burned in vain. The lords of the Congregation, as feudal barons, deter-
mined the faith of their tenantry. The western counties became Protestant
according to the Protestantism of Glencaim and Argyle. Glasgow and
Paisley vacillated with the vacillation of the g^eat house of Hamilton. But
on the lands where the Catholic Huntley was lord, Roman Catholicism,
strangely contrasted with the surrounding Presbyterianism, has Kngered on
even till the present day.
It is very remarkable, also, how foreign politics tinged the religion of the
country, and determined the destinies of its sovereigns. These influences
were centred at Leith in a decisive struggle, during the famous siege.
The town was held by a French garrison, and besieged by an English
army. The French were hereditary allies, but the English were the
nearest neighbours. The unpleasant memories of Flodden and l^kie still
rankled ai^ong the Scotch. But Elizabeth had discovered that gold was
a safer weapon than steel. The hardy nobles of the North might oppose
to her their impervious vsdour, but money must be necessarily invincible
among a noblesse of unlimited pretensions and unlimited poverty. English
coin and English principles grew popular among the nobles, and conse-
quently among the people. The alliance of the nation with England made
the country Protestant ; the alliance of the Queen with France made the
throne Catholic. It was not difficult either to foresee that a struggle was
impending, or to predict in what way such a struggle would terminate.
Knox was certainly the great preacher of Scotland, and has to an indefi-
nite extent impressed his own character on the Reformation. A man of
his intense individuality and marvellous history could scarcely do otherwise.
He commenced his pulpit career under strong outward influences, and with
a strong internal struggle. A galley-slave in France, he meditated over
his mission while nineteen months at the oar. His residence at Gkneva
was, so to speak, another great educational influence upon him. There he
imbibed a close personal acquaintance with the teachings of Calvin, with
the teachings also of the vast lonely solitudes of lake and mountain. His
theological tenets were shaped into severer dogmatism ; the rigid lines of
his severe character were still more sternly hardened. Among the little
I860.] Church History of Scotland. 865
congregation of the faithful at Francfort his fierce character produced fierce
dissensions. The refugees became divided, a serious scandal, into the par-
ties of Knoxians and Coxians. When he returned to Scotland, his zeal,
eloquence, and influence made him a great party in the State. Mr. Cun-
ingham, however, considers that the preacher was rather an instrument in
the hands of the barons than that the barons were instruments in the hands
of the preacher. Altar and image fell prostrate at his dictation ; the rooks
were scattered and the rookeries pulled down. AH- powerful when he
acted with the nobility, Knox became utterly powerless when he separated
himself from them. The " Book of Doctrine'' was received with enthusiasm,
but the " Book of Discipline" met with a very different reception. A confes-
sion of faith was a comparatively easy matter, but there were insuperable
objections to justice, judgment, and mercy. When Knox intemperately at-
tacked the beautiful and weeping girl whose only crime was her religion,
the nobles could support him in his disloyal and unmanly insolence ; but
when he laid his little finger upon the possessions of the Church, which the
rapacity of the nobles had destined for themselves, he became a scorn and
reproach, and his influence resolved itself into a vanishing fraction.
No chapter is more conspicuous in Scottish ecclesiastical history than
the era of the Covenanters, and among the Covenanters no name is better
known than the common and unambitious one of John Brown. His death
has left a deep stain upon the high courage and statesmanlike qualities of
Dundee. There is a vast amount of traditional horror connected with the
name of Claverhouse in the Lowlands, which in itself is no slight evidence
of his atrocities. Lord Macaulay, in his usual pictorial and somewhat ex*
aggerated manner, has given the common account and the popular view.
Professor Aytoun, with all a poet's enthusiasm, espoused the cause of the
great Jacobite and Cavalier, and in a note to his '' Lays of the Scottish
Cavaliers" threw discredit upon Macaulay, and upon Macaulay's authority,
Wodrow. In the last number of " Blackwood'' another raid is made
upon Lord Macaulay and in favour of Dundee, and the case is argued with
great ability and entire onesidedness. Mr. Cuningham discusses the
matter in an able and temperate note, and gives a common-sense adverse
vote against Dundee. Great stress has been laid by the writer in " Black-
wood" on Graham's original despatch relating to the event, which Mr.
Mark Napier recently published in his *' Memorials and Letters Illustrative
of the Life and Times of John Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee.'*
The writer in "Blackwood" poetically remarks, — "One might also fancy
that the spirit of the hero had been awakened from its slumbers by the
sound of the only voice whose slanders he deigned to answer," (i. e. Lord
Macaulay's). It is with reluctance and diffidence that we dissent from so
esteemed a contemporary as Maga, but we reaUy do not see that this letter
disproves Wodrow's statement, which Macaulay followed. This statement,
it will be recollected, was, that Claverhouse himself blew out John Brown's
866 Church History of Scotland. [Oct.
brains while he was praying. The following is the essential passage of the
letter : —
" Ghrahame of Claverhouse to the Lord Treasurer Queensherry, 9rd May, 1685.
*' May it fleasb youb Gbaoe, — On Friday last, Rinongst the hills betwixt Douglas
and the Plonghlands, we pursued two fellows a great way through the mosses, and in the
end seized them. They had no arms about them, and denied that they had any. Bat
being asked if they would take the abjuration, the eldest of the two, called John Brown,
refused it : nor would he swear not to rise in arms against the Mng, but said ' he knew
no king.' Upon which, and there being found bullets and match in his house, and
treasonable papers, I caused shoot him dead; which he suffered very unconcernedly."
Now we agree with Mr. Cuningham that WodroVs narrative and this
letter of Claverhouse's are by no means inconsistent with each other. If
our readers will consult Wodrow, they will see that up to a certain point
the details are in perfect harmony. The divergence is supposed to begin
when Wodrow mentions that Brown's wife and children stood by him
when he was shot. But this divergence is by no means a real one, for
Claverhouse was not in the least called upon to mention the fact, neither
was he a man who would attach any importance to the circumstance.
Neither, when we come to examine the point, is there much difference
between the expression, ** I caused shoot him dead,** and Wodrow's asaer-
tion that Claverhouse himself shot Brown. For Claverhouse, having simply
to state the fact of the execution, would not think it necessary to enter
into details which would place him in no favourable light even with such
a man as Queensberry. We must decline to accept the mere ipse dixii of
the accused, especially when it is of such a very negative character* It is
worth while to consider for a moment the other matters mentioned in Gra*
ham's dispatch. We own that we do not assign any importance to the
bullets and match. The '* treasonable papers," Mr. Cuningham plausibly
suggests, were something like the '^ Westminster Confession," or Ruther-
ford's " Letters," or Guthrie's " Causes of God's Wrath." Certainly if
they were anything of importance, the contents would either have been
mentioned, or they would have been forwarded to the Lord Treasurer for
perusal. The refusal to acknowledge the king was what all Cameronians
would concur in doing, for they held that only a covenanted king could
rule in a covenanted land : an opinion retained to this day by the Eeformed
Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Li reference to Brown's refusal to
swear, whether rightly or wrongly, it has been the theory of the English
constitution, since the Revolution, that subjects under certain circumstances
may lawfully take arms against their sovereign. Certainly tyranny had
been pushed to the utmost extent against the Covenanters. It is not <m
grounds like these that human life should be barbarously and wantonly
sacrificed. Mr. Cuningham truly says, —
" There is a cold-bloodiness in the tone of the letter which 1 do not like, and which
few men will like. What horrid work it was which this Claverhouse had to do^ and
1860.] Church History of Scotland. 367
which he seems to have had a pleasure in doing — knocking down his poor conntrymen
and cotmtrywomen, and butchering them in cold blood at their cabin-doors."
This period of its history was the saddest time which Scotland ever
knew. Our author, in dispassionately setting down all leading facts, is
obliged to tell much which such writers as Mr. Aytoun think best to
ignore. Military executions, tortures and chains, old women and young
children left to the tide at low-water mark, are scarcely poetical facts that
rhetoric can place in a roseate point of view.
The Revolution brought some degree of calm and quiet to the troubled
land. Hitherto there had been the wildness of a storm on which would
break no pause, the darkness of a night on which would shine no morning.
In however objectionahle a mode, some adjustment was made of the g^eat
ecclesiastical questions which agitated the country. After the departure of
the Stuarts the rabbling process was carried on in Scotland^ The Presby-
terians resolved to purify the temple, and purge the country of the pre-
latical clergy. Christmas-day, as heing the severest season of the year,
seemed highly appropriate for casting the Established clergy loose upon the
world. The process of rabbling was simple and decisive. The moh tore
his gown off the clergyman, burnt his Prayer-book hefore his eyes, sent his
family out of doors and his furniture out of window, took possession of the
keys both of manse and church, and forbad the pastor ever to shew his face
again in the parish. The situation of Scotland was one of the earliest sub-
jects which demanded William's attention. The question to the king's
mind seems to have been simply whether the Presbyterians or Episcopalians
could render him the greatest service. William seems to have thought
that the substance and rank of the country mainly belonged to the Episco-
palians. He made the Scottish bishops an offer to take them by the hand
and support their order against the Presbyterians, if they would undertake
to serve him in return ; but when the Bishop of Edinburgh told him, —
" Sir, I will serve yon so far as law, reason, and conscience will allow me,"
William was not slow to detect the purport of the answer, and turned round
and went back to his courtiers. William soon found that the Episcopalians
clung tenaciously to the exiled line. When he resolved to leave the ques-
tion to a majority of the Scottish parliament, the future ecclesiastical system
of Scotland was virtually decided.
From this point the history of the Church of Scotland flows onward with
comparative calmness. The strong devil of bigotry and intolerance, so long
predominant in Presb3rterian annals, becomes curbed by the arm of the law
and the increased amenities of social life. At the very time, however, of
the Bevolution, the use of torture in Scotland, to be employed in occasional
cases, was tacitly vindicated and retained. At the very time of the Bills of
Toleration and Comprehension, the lad Aikman was put to death at Edin-
burgh, chiefly by the exertions of the ministers, because with boyish scep-
ticism he had talked some absurd infidelity. A great outcry was raised by
S68 Church History of Scotland. [Oct
the Scottish clergy some years ago when Lord Macaalay*8 vivid narrative
reproduced the story, but Mr. Cuningham admits its substantial truth.
The doctrine of toleration has indeed been the tardiest growth of modern
religious thought and feeling. We think that the merit both of the distinct
enunciation of the doctrine and also of practice may be fairly assigned to
the Anglican Church. The Independents have put in a claim, to which
more weight might be allowed had they been actuated by less exclusively
political considerations. The Chancellor L'Hopit^ had proclaimed the
doctrine in France, and Sir Thomas More had given it dogmatic shape
in his " Utopia." But French history is but a poor comment on French
toleration, and we all know how Raphael's noble princi[des possessed little
beyond a speculative value to their author. The doctrine of toleration
may not be unfairly deduced from the ''Ecclesiastical Polity;'* it was ex-
pressly endorsed by that great son of the English Church, Lord Bacon ; it
was distinctly answered in the life and writings of ChiUingworth, and re-
ceived a clear culmination in Jeremy Taylor's " Liberty of Prophesying."
The radical mistake that underlies all intolerance is the mistake of con-
founding the visible with the invisible Church. The question of toleration
and intolerance has, perhaps, been never more fully argued out and exem-
plified than in the history of the Donatist schism of the fourth century.
St. Augustine, whose practice, however, exhibited some painful incon-
sistencies, laid down the true rule, " ubi agnovimus Christum ibi et
ecclesiam agnoscimus."
The union between Scotland and England was in a great measure accom-
plished by the mediation of the Church of Scotland. The popular feeling
was very strong against the proposed union of the crowns, but the influence
of Carstairs deservedly stood at the highest point with the Church, and the
influence of Carstairs was entirely in favour of the union. An act was
passed to secure the Presbyterian Church government, and it was provided
that this act should stand part and parcel of the treaty of luion. As in the
case of the Irish union, management and money had something to do with
the passing of the measure, but the Scotch sagacity of many detected aU
the advantages of the proposal, and that it was true patriotism to support
it. When the Scotch Parliament ceased to exist, the General Assembly
was the only legislative body that remained in the country. The result,
however, was no accession of strength, but a decided diminution. The
ecclesiastical influence had been very great in the Privy Council and Par-
liament at Edinburgh, but found itself unable to act at the remote distance
of the English metropolis. The rising in Scotland took place about the
time of the death of Carstairs, but the Presbyterian clergy were feuthful to
his memory and to the Protestant settlement.
The Erskines invited Whitfield to visit Scotland. We believe, however,
that the great preacher's eloquence was considered ineffective, as would
naturally be the case with Calvinists who felt assured of their salvation,
4
I860.] Church History of Scotland. 369
The history of his Scottish sojourn is highly curious and characteristic.
The seceders told him that he must sign the Solemn League and Covenant
immediately he had received more light, but that in the meantime he must
confine his preaching to them. ** Why confine my preaching to you ?*'
asked Whitfield, "Because we are the Lord^s people," was the reply.
Whitfield replied by asking if they alone were the Lord's people, and inti-
mated that there was a still greater call to preach to the devil's people.
The utmost that they could extort from Whitfield was that he had been
ordained by a bishop in the time of his ignorance, and that if he were to be
ordained again it would not be by a bishop. Whitfield's version of one of
their sermons was, that the preacher so spent himself on prelacy, surplices,
and Prayer-book, that his breath went out and he had little to say of
Jesus. An old Quaker saluted Whitfield one day, when he had been
preaching in the grounds of the Orphan Hospital at Edinburgh : — " Friend
George," said he, " I am as thou art. I am for bringing all to the hfe and
power of the ever-living God, and therefore if thou wilt not quarrel with
me about my hat, I will not quarrel with thee about thy gown." Whitfield
declined to identify himself with any form of Church, and travelled about
only as an itinerant preacher. Circumstances were curiously similar when
Rowland Hill visited Edinburgh, where on one occasion he addressed
twenty thousand people on Calton-hill. His eloquence, manifest earnest-
ness, rollicking manner, and racy anecdotes excited an unbounded sensation,
and some scandal. On one occasion he prayed for his horse, which had
fallen lame, in the house of a grave seceder. Rowland Hill was very far
from being favourably affected by the state of religion in Scotland. He
declared that the Solemn League and Covenant was more persecuting than
the Act of Uniformity. He charged the Established Church of Scotland,
and all the Churches that had sprung from it, with bigotry and intolerance.
The General Assembly retaliated by forbidding the clergy either to suffer
other than the hcentiates and ministers of the Church to preach in their
pulpits, or to hold communion with any such persons. This seemed more
especially aimed at Rowland Hill and the Haldanes. In a second visit to
Scotland, Rowland Hill opened a fierce crusade against all the Scottish
clergy. It was at the invitation of the Haldanes, and with true Christian
charity the Episcopalians and Presbyterians heartily coalesced. To the
Haldanes Mr. Cuningham assigns the honoured niche which they so well
deserve in any Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, and does honour to the
spirit that led them away from their pleasant Perthshire home by the
Bridge of Allan to encounter so much obloquy and toil.
In a History extending over so many centuries we have only been able,
almost at random, to single out a few subjects for remark. Mr. Cuning-
ham's account of the controversy respecting miracles between Hume and
Campbell strikes us as being particularly good. It would be interesting to
us to trace the modifications which the stubborn Presbyterian spirit has
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX. x x
870 Church History of Scotland. [Oct.
undergone from its contact with Southern influence. The bones of the old
Covenanters may almost shake in their graves ! The abomination of a writ-
ten sermon is of common occurrence ; the principle of a liturgy has received
a large degree of acquiescence ; painted windows su£Puse their sacred gloom
in architecturally beautiful churches ; and Glasgow Cathedral has actually
been restored ! It would almost be instructive to point out how strangely
commingled good has ever been with evil : how, for instance, 1637, which
saw the commencement of the greatest troubles, was the year of that paro-
chial scheme of education to which Scotland is so largely indebted. Mr.
Cuningham speaks forcibly on all social questions; admits the profane
swearing and drunkenness of ordinary society in former times ; admits also
that at the present day Scotland is one of the most immoral and one of
the most intemperate of nations. This is a fact which should go far to-
wards abating the unhappy arrogance of the national religious character.
One very large section of this work we have been obliged almost entirely
to ignore, — we mean the ecclesiastical history of Scotland before the Re-
formation. Many people appear to think that the Church of Scotland did
not come into existence before the sixteenth century ; that era marks the
flammcmtia mosnia mundi; all below that is void or limbo. Mr. Cuningham
pertinently points out that the Church, though Roman in its architecture,
was Scottish in its soil ; that the Scottish character was moulded even in
those days ; that the Reformation created no new race of people ; that the
present Protestantism can only be understood by the past Papistry. In
reference, however, to the very earliest history, Mr. Cuningham would have
done well to have collated the rival works of Dr. Lingard and Mr. Soames.
At the period of the Disruption we lose our frank and pleasant companion. «
He says, in language which does him honour, — ** We now approach the
region of living men, where character is sacred and passion is strong, and
therefore we reverently turn aside."
It will be seen that we recommend Mr. Cuningham^s book as catholic,
able, charitable, and learned. We add some slight specimens of its style : —
ChARLIS II. AMOKa THE COYSNAKTEBS.
" Charles was now amongst Covenanters of the strictest sect, and it was necesBary
he should conform to their ways. ' He wrought himself,' says Burnet, 'into as gmve
a deportment as he could ; he heard many prayers and sermons, some of great length.
I remember in one fast-day there were six sermons preached without intermission,
I was there myself,' says the Bishop, ' and not a little weary of so tedious a serrioe.'
We shall not wonder that the King was weary too, when we hear that the blood-
guiltiness of his father and the idolatry of his mother sometimes formed the principal
subjects of discourse. Charles would have liked a quiet walk on the Sunday afternoon^
but this was forbidden ; he would have enjoyed a dance or a game at cards, for he had
been accustomed to these things when an exile ; but he could not have them when he
was king. Every morning and every evening, throughout the whole week, there was
a lecture, and we may be sure that the monarch was not often allowed to be absent.
" But the worst was coming. The King was asked to sign a declaration, in which
he professed liimself to be deeply humbled in the sight of God for his father's (^>pou-
I860.] Church History of Scotland. 371
tion to tho Solemn League and Covenant, by which so much of the blood of the Lord's
people had been shed, and for the idolatry of his mother, and its toleration in the
King's house ; and that he himself had subscribed the Covenant sincerely, aud not from
any sinister intention or crooked design. This document had been drawn up by the
commission of the Church, and ratified by the Committee of Estates ; and when pre-
sented to the King for his signature, he was shocked at the words which it put into
his mouth. He was plainly told, however, that unless he subscribed they would not
espouse his quarreL Charles 11. was a different man from Charles I. The father's
conscience perpetually came in the way of compromise ; the son had no conscience at
all, when concessions, however base, promised to secure some important end. At Dun-
fermlino, on the 16th of August, he put his name to the paper. Was it not too bad
that the ministers of religion should compel the unprincipled youth to brea]£ the first
commandment with promise, by casting public dishonour on his father and mothec.
They knew he was not sincere. They had blamed the sire for yielding nothing, they
had now got a son who would yield everything. He seemed to be sent by Providence
to teach them the folly of concussing the conscience." — (vol. ii. p. 161.)
Ok the Chtjbch op Scotland.
** The Church of Scotland allows little latitude of belief within her pale. Her creed
descends to the minutest particulars ; and the deviation from it infers deposition. The
Church of Rome has cherished in her bosom children of different forms and different
features, — the Scotists and Thomists, the Jansenists and Molinists — such men as Con-
tarini, and such as Tetzel. The Church of England has been almost as catholic It
has been said of her that she has a Calvinistic creed, a Romish liturgy, aud an Armi-
nian clergy. Her maxim seems to be that the basis must be wide if the building would
be high. Accordingly, among the divines who have eaten at her table, and been hon-
oured with her smiles, there are some who, with popish names, would pass for popish
priests ; others who have written in defence of Arianism ; others who have held a creed
purely negative. But not so with the Church of Scotland. All her ministers speak
precisely the same things. The mind of each one presents a perfect impression of the
Westminster divines. Notwithstanding the free scope of its metaphysics, the region
of theology has been carefully avoided. Notwithstanding the schisms which have
taken place, heresy has never been able to lift up her head. Every Scotsman you meet
with, in whatever corner of the globe it may be, is sure to be rigidly orthodox. Amid
all the winds of doctrine which have blown since the Reformation, the Church has been
kept steadily at her moorings by the weight of her anchorage."
Though Scotland presents but a narrow field, yet the ecclesiastical ele-
ment has there had a fuller and freer development than in any other country.
What Egypt is to the man who would ransack ancient temples and tombs,
Scotland is to the man who would study the manifestations of ecclesiastical
life. The Church of Scotland, from its republican constitution and repre-
sentative courts, has a well marked and peculiarly instructive history of its
own, distinct from the biographies of its individual ministers, distinct from
the political history of the State. But besides this, peculiar circumstances
in the history of the country gave to the ecclesiastical element peculiar
vigour. The weakness of the monarchy till the union of the crowns allowed
the free expansion of ideas which have never been tolerated in countries
where the monarchy is strong ; and during the civil wars, when the throne
was laid low, they attained to a fuller expansion still. For a season the
Church was left to wield its own powers, and to work out what it conceived
872 The Syrian Belief Fund. ' [Oct*
to be its own ends, free from all pressure from without. Accordingly,
during that period ecclesiasticism is to be found in its purest form. In
truth, the Church of Scotland has had within Scotland a history similar to
what the Church of Rome has had within Christendom. We see the same
laws in operation, though on a smaller scale and under modifying circum-
stances. In the career of the one we can discern the blessings which flow
from a pure creed and simple worship, and in that of the other the blighting
effects of a baneful superstition ; but with both there has been the same
union and energy of action, the same assumption of spiritual supremacy,
the same defiance of law-courts, parliaments, and kings. The history of
either can be traced with equal precision, sometimes blending with civil
history, but at other times diverging highly from it. We know only three
Churches whose histories stand thus prominently out, — the Jewish, the
Roman, and the Scottish.
THE SYRIAN RELIEF FXJin).
Syltanits Ubbajt does not often invite the attention of his readers to
the events of the day, as he conceives them in general to be more suitably
left to other publications. But now and then he feels constrained to de-
part from his usual practice. Thus he has lately alluded more than once
to the question of national defence, and as it is one that he may have
to recur to, he has just visited the Isle of Wight, and has had sites pointed
out, and apparently sound reasons given, for the erection of much more
extensive works there than have been recently recommended by the Com-
missioners for National Defences. This is a subject that unhappily is not
likely to lose its interest, as doubtless the period is still far remote when
nations shall learn war no more. But still it is an encouraging sign to
find those who have borne arms in many lands with distinction, among the
most forward to devote themselves to the alleviation of one of the greatest
of the horrors of war — such sufferings as the helpless women and children
of Syria are now enduring, and which they can in no sense be said to have
brought on themselves.
We were led into this train of thought by observing on the beach at
Shanklin, that one of the bathing establishments was turned for the time
into a Fine Arts Gallery on a limited scale. Around the walls were hung
a number of spirited sketches and many finished oil-paintings, which a
modest written placard announced were for sale for the benefit of the
Syrian Relief Fund. On examination we saw with pleasure that they were
really good as works of art, and not mere Fancy Fair appeals to sym-
pathy ; a fact that was evident, from the severe test to which the artist
had ventured to expose them, for we had but to step to the door, and
some of the subjects — as Culver Cliffs, and Shanklin Chine, and Dannose,
1 860.] The Syrian Belief Fund. 373
— were before us, so that the comparison of the original and the picture
could be effected at a glance ; this test they stood well.
On inquiry we learnt that much the greater part of the collection was
from the pencil of a soldier en retraite, Major-General E. Napier, who
now resides in the neighbourhood that he sketches so well, and who has
a deep personal interest in the Syrians of all classes. In a lengthened
course of service he has been much among them, and knows them
thoroughly, and now that thousands of their number depend for daily
bread on English charity, he has come forward to help them in a way
that we hope may find ample encouragement.
The General, we learnt, commanded a body of irregulars in the Syrian
Campaign of 1840; with them he literally traversed the land from Dan
to Beersheba, ventured to try conclusions with the redoubted Ibrahim
Pasha, and narrowly escaped capture and too probable decapitation. At
the conclusion of the peace negotiated with Mehemet Ali by Admiral
Napier, the General (then a Major only) was employed by the British
Government to rescue from their truly Egyptian bondage some 10,000
Syrian conscripts carried off by Ibrahim in his retreat. These men, the
main body Syrian agriculturists, but some of them Druse and Maronite
chieftains, were restored to their homes by the spirited manner in which
the Major carried out his instructions ; and now, his warlike and diplomatic
functions being in abeyance, he has devoted himself with much skill to do
something to help another portion of the Syrian community, poor creatures
whose sufferings every one must be willing to alleviate, even though opin-
ions may differ, as they certainly do, about the origin of the massacres.
"We mention this devotion of time and talents to the cause of pure phil-
anthropy on the part of a gallant gentleman, because it seems to us well
worthy of being imitated, either for this or similar purposes. We heartily
wish the General success in his benevolent project, and have little doubt
that he will achieve it. He has, we know, had some practice in this way
already, for in the course of the Crimean war he raised a subscription of
£1,000 or more in the county of Hants, for the relief of our troops before
Sebastopol, and also collected a considerable sum for the benefit of their
widows and orphans, by an exhibition very similar to the present one.
374 [Oct.
EARLY IBISH HISTOEY— THE O'BEIENS.
{Concluded from p, 118.)
We return to the subject of Mr. O'Donoghue's work*, which, if it should
attract the attention that it deserves, ought to go far to remove a more
important " historical misconception" than that which has taxed the apolo-
getic powers of a well-known writer of our day — for we venture to think
that whole nations may have been misunderstood as well as individuals. On
our author's showing, on good authority, the contests among the Irish
kings seem rather to have been for the supremacy, the point of honour,
than for territorial aggrandisement, or conquest in the modern sense, and
surely this ought to qualify our belief of the unmitigated barbarism usually
ascribed to the period. If the ancient Irish were indeed ** savages," as is
often so freely asserted, it is clear that they had at least some noble
qualities. The same will no doubt in time be allowed with regard to
other races, now that we have ourselves got over the real barbarism of
judging all civilization by a* Greek or Roman standard.
By the conquest of his chief rival Brian only became what the Irish
annalists term ^' king of Ireland with opposition,'* for the other kings re-
fused to be bound by the act of Maelseachlain ; nine years more of war
was needed to bring them all to submission, and Maelseachlain loyally lent
his aid. In 1011, the last contumacious chief, who belonged to the present
county of Sligo, was captured, and sent as a prisoner to the royal seat of
Kincora, in Thomond, and Brian had completed the task he had set him-
self to accomplish thirty years before.
His enjoyment of his triumph was, however, but short. The king of
Leinster, Maelmordha, leagued himself with the Danes, and Brian's here-
ditary kingdom of Munster was attacked. The assailants were repulsed,
but they next attacked Meath, and ravaged the land even more mercilessly
than usual. A pacification then followed, but it was soon broken, and the
deaths of Brian, his son, and his grandson, brought about by the fact of
Brian's queen being a lady with '' a soul above buttons." This is the story,
as related by our author, from the annalists : —
"Brian, having occasion to build some ships, sent to his tributary, the king of
licinster, a requisition for three masts from the forests of that province. In conveying
these masts to their destination, Maelmordha himself, to encourage the bearers, lent
his assistance, and in so doing, lost the fibula or button by which his robe was fiistened.
Bequestiog his sister, Qormlaith, Brian's queen, to replace the button, that prinoeoB
■ " Historical Memoir of the O'Briens. With Notes, Appendix, and a Genealogical
Table of their several Branches. Compiled from the Irish Annalists. By John
0*Dono hue, A.M., Barrister- at-Law." (Dublin : Hodges, Smith, and Co.)
I860.] Earhj Irish Eisiory—the (yBriens, 375
reproached hira for his mean spirit and degeneracy, in stooping so low as to put his
shoulders to the mast, a subserviency which none of his ancestors, she observed, would
have been guilty of. Stung by these reproaches, the next day, when Morrogh, son of
Brian, was playing at chess with Conaing, son of Donchuan, the king of Leinster sug-
gested to the latter to make a certain point or move in his table, which caused Morrogh
to lose the game. In resentment for this interference, Morrogh remarked, that if he
(Maclmordha) had given equally good advice to the Danes at the battle of Glenmama,
they would not have to deplore the defeat which they had to attribute to his counsels.
The king of Leinster, nettled in his turn by the remark, observed, that he would take
care the next time that no such mistake as Morrogh alluded to should occur, jand that
he would endeavour to put them in a condition to retrieve their losses, and have
revenge on both himself and his father, Brian. Departing from Kincora, he devoted
himself, heart and soul, to encourage the Danes to make another and a final effort to
regain their lost ground, and to obtain the upper hand in Ireland." — (pp. 27, 28.)
The battle of Clontarf was the result, where Maelmordha was slain, and
bis Ostman allies almost entirely cut to pieces. Brian, his son Morrogh,
and his grandson Torlogb, all lost their lives, the latter a youth of 15,
who was found drowned near the fishing weir of Clontarf, " with both his
hands fast bound in the hair of a Dane's head." The power of the Ostmen
was irretrievably broken by this defeat, and though they in the meantime
gained undisputed possession of England, they never more succeeded in
establishing themselves in Ireland. Brian is Aill the hero of Ireland, but
he has other claims on our attention, and Mr. 0*Donoghue does not scruple
to liken him to Alfred the Great ^ : —
" It would be unjust to the character of Brian to consider it in a military point of
view alone. Numerous and brilliant as were his achievements in war against contem-
porary princes before his accession to the supreme power, as well as against the com-
mon enemies of his country afterwards, on his civil administration of its affairs will be
founded his chief claim to the praise of the philosopher. According to Keatinge, the
twelve years of his reign over Ireland were distinguished by several improvements in
— — — — r — 1 1 ■ - ■ -^-■■MiB ■ H M^
^ Among other points of resemblance we learn that he was a poet. Our author
borrows the following from an Irish MS., " The Wars of the Irish with the Danes :" it
recounts the murder of his brother Mahon, and then proceeds :—
" When the news of it reached Brian and the Dal-gcais, they were overwhelmed
with grief, and Brian vented his grief and rage in a short elegy, in which he expressed
his deep regret that his brother had not fallen in a battle behind the shelter of his
shield, before he had relied on the treacherous word of Donovan, who delivered him up
to the infamous Molloy to be butchered in cold blood. He then recounts Mabon's
vi(!toric8 over the Danes at Aine, at Sulaigh in Tradree, at Machaire-Buidhe, and at
Limerick, and concludes thus : —
* My heart shall burst within my breast.
Unless I avenge this great king ;
They shall forfeit life for this foul deed,
Or I shall perish by a violent death.' " — (p. 14.)
" The sceptre of Brian is preserved in the Royal Irish Academy. It was presented
by the Marchioness of Thomond on the decease of her husband, the last of the descend-
ants of the eldest son of Morrough the Tanidt. The donation bears date 24th June,
1857."— (p. 464.)
876 Early Irish History— the O'Briens. [Oct
the arts of dv'ilized life. To him has been ascribed the invention of samamea, or at
least their introduction into general use in thig kingdom. Instead of one appellative;,
by which the line of descent might be instantly known, and families distinguished one
from the other, there had been osed before the eleventh century a series of names of
baptism of the parents, to sometimes an inconvenient extent, stopping generally with
that of some ancestor distinguished by some peculiar quality, or for the performance of
some exploit. To remedy these inconveniences, Brian ordained that some ancestor
should be chosen as the terminal point to which families should for the future trace np
their descent. The prefix * ua' (in English ' O') for the singular, the plural being
' uibh' (anglicised ' Hy'), set to the ancestral name, formed the surnames of the various
Irish families. Thus ua-Briain (O'Brien), ua-Neil (CVNeil), and so forth. But it is
material to add that the plural, ' Uibh,' or ' Ui,' or * Hy,' was as frequently applied to
the territory occupied by the &mily, as to the inhabitants themselves.
" To facilitate the advance of troops, no less than for the purposes of commerce, the
building of bridges, and the construction of the public highways, occupied Brian's
attention. Keatinge furnishes a long list of places erected or strengthened by this
monarch, to curb the ravages of the Danes. Although some of these places are un-
known at this distance of time, yet we recognise in their equivalents the names of Caher,
Cashel, Roscrea, and other places in the county of Tipperary ; Lough GKir, Bmree^
Duntryleague and Knockany, in the county of Limerick, besides the royal residence,
Eincora, in Thomond, which he secured by a stone fort. The tributes or revenues of
Brian, paid by the several provincial princes, according to Keatinge, shew that a con-
siderable import and export trade existed in Ireland at this early period, and that the
wines of France and Spain were imported to a considerable extent into this country '.
The iron in which the kingdom abounds at present, was, it b to be presumed, manu*
factured, to enable the tribute in this particular article to be paid." — (pp. 35, 86.)
Maelseachlain had fought bravely in the battle of Clontarf ; be took the
command on the death of Brian, and secured the victory. His ancient
supremacy was again acknowledged, and he held it unquestioned until his
death in the year 1022. The surviving sons of Brian sunk to the rank of
princes of Thomond, quarrelled among themselves, and in two years after
the death of their father they saw his royal seat of Kincora plundered and
burnt by the king of Connaught. Dorrogh murdered Teige, his eldest
brother, and after the death of Maelseachlain, made himself king of the
south of Ireland (Leathmogha), but after a long struggle he was driven
out, and died at Rome. Torlogh, the son of Teige, succeeded him, and
revenged the destruction of Kincora by ravaging Connaught ; be revived
the glory of the O'Briens, and became *' king of Ireland with opposition."
His son Mortogh More, after many difficulties and defeats, at last marched
through Connaught into the north of Ireland, destroyed the royal seat of
Irishowen, and then made a triumphant circuit of the whole kingdom, after
which he granted his own palace of Cashel " to the religious of Ireland in
general, free from all secular control or payment." His supremacy, oi
course, was only to be maintained by the sword, and as he fell into sicknesi
* ^'The Danes of Dublin were bound to supply one hundred and fiHy pipes or hogt*
heads of wine, and those of Limerick three hundred and sLsty-£ve pipes of red win^
^very year/'
5
I860.] Early Irish History— the O'Briens. 877
in the latter years of his life, he saw his own country of Thomond ravaged
by his nominal subjects ; his palace of Kincora Avas pulled down, and the
materials cast into the river; and when he died in 1119, all pretence to
the supreme monarchy of Ireland on the part of the O'Briens died with
him. The superiority passed to Connaught, and Conor-na-Cathrach, the
nephew and successor of Morrough, became a tributary to Dermot Macroor«
rogh» the king of Leinster, the prince who introduced the Anglo-Normans
into Ireland. The story of Dermot and Dervorghal is thus told by Mr.
O'Donoghue, from the Four Masters : —
" In this year also occurred the elopement of Dervorghal, the wife of Teman
O'Ruarc, which has been generally, although erroneously, considered the cause of the
advent of the Anglo-Normans, an event which took place twenty years later. The
husband had been attacked, defeated, and stript of Conmhaicne (Longford), a con-
siderable portion of his territories, by Mortogh Macloughlin and Torlogh O'Conor, who
affected to parcel out the adjoining provinces, before the wife had been carried away
by Dermot Macmorrogh, king of Leinster; and it is distinctly stated by the annalists,
that be, Dermot, ' took with her according to the advice of her brother Maeleachlin/
The Four Masters state that she returned to her husband in the next year, but it is
more likely that she retired into the abbey of Mellifont, where she died at the ad-
vanced ago of eighty-five years, in 1193. Four years before the occurrence of the
event to which her elopement is so romantically considered to have led, (VBuarc
agreed to receive one hundred ounces of gold, a sum equivalent to nearly four thousand
pounds of the modern currency, as ' eineach* compensation, or, in modem language,
damages, for his supposed wrong, from Dermot Macmorrogh." — (p. 72.)
The ease with which Ireland was subjugated by a handful of Anglo-
Norman knights and some Welsh archers, is a received point with ordinary
readers of history. Our author gives a very different aspect to the matter,
which "justice to Ireland" obliges us to quote ; —
** The year 1169 saw the arrival in Ireland of the advanced guard of the Anglo-
Norman invaders, who were destined to overturn the Milesian dynasty of the kingdom.
The first draft of these strangers is thus described by the Four Masters : — ' The fleet
of the Flemings came from England with the army of Dermod Macmorrogh, to con-
tend for the kingdom of Leinster for him ; they were sixty heroes, chid in armour.'
The annalists continue to relate that Roderick, the monarch, at the head of an armyj^
with O'Kuarc, (yMelaghliD, and the Danes of Dublin, advanced to meet the invaders,
that they ' thought nothing of the Flemings,' and that Dermod Macmorrogh gave his
sou to O'Conor, as an hostage for the maintenance of peace.
*' This narrative bears on the face of it a great likeness to truth. It is not probable
that the Irish princes ever entertained the least idea of the objects contemplated by
Henry the Second, or considered the facility with which a descent might be made, and
a position secured in the country, matters of any real moment. The seaports were for
a long time in the possession of foreigners, from whom they had nothing to fear, who8«
powers had been for a centui'y and a half on the decline, and which could not, they
thought, be materially increased by the advent of a few ships with their crews, and a
handful of soldiers. Besides, tbe Irish monarch, with his provincials, had, only two
years before, encountered and defeated an invasion of foreigners, with the loss to them
of the royal heir of the Welsh prince, Ap- Griffith, and had received hostage and
obligations of fidelity from Dermod. And it appears not unnatural that Roderick
should, on tho present occasion, be satisfied with the additional security given by
G£^'T. Mag. Vol. CCIX. T y
378 Early Irish History — the O'Briens, [Oct.
Dermod, in handing over his only son to the keeping of the former in proof of the
sincerity of his conduct, and of his pacific intentions.
" If Roderick had any ideas such as we are describing, they were spee^ly dissipated
by the arrival of Richard, son of Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke and Strigul, commonly
nicknamed Strongbow, or De arcu fort), who came ' with m^ny knights and archers'
to restore Dermot, and re-establish him on the throne of Leinster. The progress of
the invaders was rapid and successful. The Four Masters state, that they took Loch-
garman (Wexford), and entered Portlairge (Waterford) by storm. The officer in com-
mand of the tower, Gillemaire, a Dane, Ua-Faelain (OThelan), lord of the Decies, and
his son, were put to the sword, with seven hundred men. The victorious Normans
next proceeded to Dublin and compelled the Danish occupants of that city to submit ;
and being thus beforehand with Roderick, that prince, who had, on hearing of the
arrival of the strangers, levied a force in conjunction with O'Ruarc and O'Carroll, and
marched into the Danish territory, was obliged, after a siege of three days, to retire from
Dublin. The Danish ruler of that city, Asgall, as he is called by the Irish annalists,
or Asculphus, as Cambrensis terms him, was deposed by Dermot, who assumed aatho-
rity over the foreigners." — (pp. 75 — 77.)
The common danger did not induce the native chiefs to unite. The king
of Connaught put to death the hostages of Dermot, but he also made war
on the O'Briens, and they readily submitted to the invaders. Quarrels
with these also soon occurred, and after various alternations of success and
defeat, which it does not enter into our place to follow, the descendapts of
Brian were restricted to Thomond, where Conor, in reality the last sove-
reign, and the sixteenth in descent from the victor of Clontarf, died in 1539.
H is brother Morrogh, the Tanist, can hardly be said to have succeeded him.
The native chiefs in general had been awed by the vigour of Henry's pro-
ceedings against the earls of Kildare, and, in common with the northern
descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages, Morogh abandoned all claim
to royalty, and received an Irish peerage as Earl of Thomond and Baron of
" Insykwyne" (Inchiquin), at Greenwich on the 1st of July, 1643. Whilst
he lived, the change that had been thus effected was not apparent, but on
Jiis death in 1551 a " war more than civil," as their historian terms it, broke
out among the O'Briens. The English king*s patent was set at nought ;
Donogh, the nephew of Morrogh, who succeeded under it, was killed by his
half brothers, whose ancient rights were disregarded. One of them, Donald,
was tumultuously installed as sovereign, according to the old rule of suc-
cession, and he maintained himself in possession until 1558, when the Earl
of Sussex, the lord deputy, entered Thomond with a strong force, captured
the towns and castles, expelled Donald and his sons, and put Conor, the
son of Doiiogh, in his place. In token of his gratitude, Conor then solemnly
renounced the name of O'Brien as an appellation or title, and the free-
holders of Thomond also engaged to oppose any one who should assume it.
Notwithstanding this, Donald again made his appearance more than once,
and it was not until his death, which occurred in 1578, that the English-
made ruler could be considered firmly established.
From that time to the present the history of the O'Briens offers many
I860.] Early Irish History— the O'Briens. 379
remarkable events, and embraces the names of such men as Lord Inchiquin,
the resolute upholder of the cause of Charles I. ; Lord Clare, who incurred
forfeiture for James II., and who is identified with the renowned Irish
Brigade, and his grandson, styled Le Marechal Count de Thomond, who
served with it at Fontenoy ; and Sir Lucius O'Brien, an eloquent speaker
in the Irish Parliament. Our notice being confined to the early history of
Ireland, cannot of course embrace them, and we need only remark that
Lucius O'Brien, thirteenth Lord Inchiquin, is the present head of the family,
and is the tenth in descent from Morrogh the Tanist.
Before we conclude we must mention that Mr. O'Donoghue's book is
handsomely printed, and appears appropriately in g^eeu and gold, with the
arms of the extinct marquiisate of Thomond on the cover ; it has a series of
genealogical tables, but, we regret to say, no index. We hope that this
defect may be remedied, and that in consideration to English readers the
author will do something in his next edition to make the proper names
comprehensible. A brief glossary would be very acceptable, as enabling
them to appreciate the poetic idea that is often buried (so far as they are
concerned) under a repulsive-looking word. We are quite aware that
striking dififerences exist even in our own language between orthography
and pronunciation, but in Irish, as commonly printed, these differences
seem much greater than we believe they ai*e in reality, and they create
an undesirable feeling of difficulty, which is a hindrance to the read-
ing of many works that well deserve perusal, and would repay it. We
have, for instance, in this book, " Eochaidh Muighmheadhoin," and
" Teamhair,'' which we learn incidentally are '' not half so shocking,"
but are to be pronounced "Eochy Moyveon" and "Tara;" but Mr. 0*D.
gives no further explanation than that ''It may be advisable to state
that the aspirate h following the letters d and g has the effect of trans-
forming them into y, and h and m into v, the Irish alphabet not con-
taining either v or y. In recent manuscripts this effect is produced by a
point over the above consonants.'* We see likewise that " Muircertach,"
"Murtach," and "Mortogh" are the same, and that " Conor" is a contrac-
tion of '' Conchovar," &c., &c., but as the book and the genealogical tables
are commonly at variance on such points, many an unnecessary puzzle is
created. We make these remarks in no unfriendly spirit, and only desire
to call the attention of the author to them, that he may, as he easily can^
remove these drawbacks to the interest of his really valuable work.
380 [Oct.
(j^rtgtnal Botumtnt^.
The following documents from the State Paper Office* belonging to the
Domestic Series, temp, Elizabeth, are curiously illustrative of a baneful
superstition, viz., that a little waxen figure, formed to represent some
particular person, might be rendered capable by magical enchantments of
entering into such intimate sympathy with the person represented, that any
torture inflicted on the symbol would affect the being symbolized. This
was a very ancient as well as a widely spread fancy. Plato, Ovid, and
others are quoted as authorities for its existence in the times of classical
antiquity, whilst Charlevoix vouches for its prevalence among the Indians
of Illinois. An opinion at once so ancient and so widely spread may be
presumed to have had its foundation in principles which are common to
all unenlightened minds ; principles which, in one shape or another, will
always be found to manifest themselves in action in times of popular ex-
citement. Our burning in effigy is a remnant of the same feeling, and
many extraordinary practices of idolatry, as well as of superstition, are pro-
bably traceable to a similar source. The progress of the Beformation
called forth a good deal of this kind of adverse action, so much so that in
the 5th of Elizabeth it was thought necessary to revive a law, that if any
person used any invocation or conjuration of evil and wicked spirits, or
practised any witchcraft, enchantment, charm, or sorcery, whereby any one
should happen to be killed or destroyed, it should be felony without clergy ;
and if any one should be thereby wasted, consumed, or lamed in body or
member, or any of his goods be destroyed or impaired, the oflender should
be imprisoned for a year, and should stand in the pillory once a quarter
during that time for six hours, and for a second offence be treated as
a felon without benefit of clergy (Stat. 5 Eliz. c. 16). The papers which
we now print exhibit the kind of persons against whom, and the practices
against which, this statute was aimed. The principal parties to the trans-
action here revealed were one Robert Birch, a reputed conjurer, and Mrs.
Dewse, of whose station in life nothing appears, but who was evidently the
wife of a man well to do in the world.
The name Dewse, or Dewes, is by no means a common one, and it is
therefore possible, and perhaps even not unlikely, that the Mrs. Dewes
here mentioned was the wife of Gerard Dewes, printer, in St- Paulas
Churchyard, London, whose shop was distinguished by the sign of the
Swan (Herbert's Ames, i. 940). Several things are worthy of notice re-
I860.] Magical Practices. 881
specting this Gerard Dewes. He was usually known by the name of
*' Garret Dewes,*' and he used as a trade device, or printer's mark, a pun-
ning rebus, as it was termed, upon his name, which is celebrated by Cam-
den in his " Remains*' as '* the most remarkable" of '* the witty inventions of
some Londoners." It represented two persons in a garret casting dewes,
or deuce, at dice. This device may be seen among those represented in
the frontispiece to Herbert's Ames. Another thing memorable about
Garret Dewes is that he was the grandfather of the well-known antiquary.
Sir Simonds Dewes. In his autobiography. Sir Simonds makes no men-
tion of his grandfather's specific trade, or of his vulgar punning device, but
grieves very much in an underbred manner over the blemish to his family
honours arising out of his near connexion with one who ** sometimes dwelt
in St. Paul's Churchyard," although he asserts that he left the City, and
seated himself, some years before his death, at Gains, near Upminster, in
the county of Essex. (Dewes, Autobiog., ed. Halliwell, i. 9.)
Garret Dewes was twice married (Weever's Fun. Mon. 407, ed. 1767).
His first wife was Grace Hynde, whom Sir Simonds strives to connect with
the distinguished family of that name in Cambridgeshire. Ames repeats
the assertion, but bluntly adds, with greater probability, that she was
*' a Dutchwoman," and that she died in 1583, and was buried in St. Faith's
under St. Paul's. Garret's second wife is altogether given up by Sir Si-
monds. Probably, like her predecessor, she was some very inferior person,
suited in education to the owner of the Garret rebus. If she was the Mrs.
Dewes to whom the present papers relate, certainly Sir Simonds had no
reason for being proud of her relationship.
But to the story. A man named Atkinson being prisoner in Newgate,
was desirous to consult Mr. Conjuror Birch, and sent for him " to have his
advice." By some means which are not explained, Atkinson's conference
with Birch became known to Mrs. Dewes, who seems to have been also
confined in Newgate, and she prevailed upon Atkinson to introduce her to
Birch's acquaintance. Birch invited her the day following, and Mrs. Dewes
at once explained her desire in consulting with him. *' Oh, sir," she said,
" you are heartily welcome ;" and then proceeded to inform him that her
husband and herself were in some trouble about the threatened loss of an
office, occasioned by those knaves, Rowland Heyward, the Lord Mayor,
and Justice Young, and the Sheriffs, but especially by that thief Young,
*' who lived by robbing papists." These persons had so misrepresented
the case of the Dewses to the Lord Chamberlain [Lord Hunsdon], that he
would not read her husband's petitions ; even the Lord Chancellor [Sir
Christopher Hatton], who had ever been her husband's friend, would do
nothing for her ; and Mr. Recorder [Fleetwood], who she thought would
not have been her enemy, he likewise now took the part of him who " should
have her husband's office." She then explained to her friend the conjuror
what she wished to have done. Her desire was to have " all their pictures,
382 Original Documents. [Oct.
and prick them with pins, that they might think it was God's doing. . . .
She meant to prick them all at the heart, and if they died, all except the
Lord Chancellor, it was no matter.*' The conjuror being no doubt well-
read in the statute of the 5th Eliz., spied danger in the suggested business,
and at once went to Justice Toung and laid an information against his
vehement client. Under the Justice's direction he thenceforth played the
spy, assisted her in making three of the fatal images, and saw her thrust
a pin in the heart of each of those intended for Young and Sir Rowland
Heyward, with an additional one under Heyward's ribs, and two pins into
the eyes of the image intended for a person termed Pye.
Although she had thus far gratified her malice, she had but incomplete
faith in the result. She watched her figures with an interest compounded
of curiosity and hope, and in subsequent interviews with the cunning man
assured him that some of them " did work well, and so she hoped would all
the rest." Still she looked forward to the possibility of failure, and in that
case her unsated malice sought help from the presumed science of the
knowing Birch. She curried favour with him by gifts of lemons, a sugar-loaf,
and a capon, and held before him a promise of a far handsomer fee, if in case
the images failed. Birch would stand so much her " good friend/* as " to
do something hy <vrt to destroy all her husband's enemies." She had heard
of a terrible incident which occurred at Oxford in 1577. The assizes were
held there early in the month of July. There was a case against one
Rowland Jenks, a bookseller, for sedition, which attracted unusual atten-
tion; the court was crowded. It was held **in the Town-hall, a close
place," and probably in near proximity to the gaol. Stow gives the popular
belief as to what ensued. " There arose amidst the people 9%ich a damp
that almost all were smothered," The whole auditory was seized with
gaol fever. The presiding Judge, Lord Chief Baron Bell, the Sheriff, the
jury, most of the principal persons present, and many of the mere auditors,
to the number of nearly five hundred, died within a few weeks, and the
event, which occasioned general distress and panic, has ever since been
known as the Oxford Black Assize. This fearful " Black Assize" dwelt
in the wicked memory of Mrs. Dewes. Building perhaps upon the name
of " Black Assize," she evidently attributed the dreadful result to tbe
Black Art, and tempted Birch with a promise of £40, which she got her
husband to guarantee, if he would cut off their enemies " in a damp."
Birch knew the resources of his art too well to be entrapped into any
such attempt. He does not even seem to have endeavoured to secure
a part of the £40. The diabolical offer was dropped into the open ears of
Justice Young, who in return sent the Sheriff to search Mrs. Dewes'
apartment in Newgate. Two of her " pictures" were found in a cupboard,
stowed away in a secret place, but having the pins still sticking in them.
The third figure had been destroyed by accident.
Our papers do not state what became of Mrs. Dewes, bat, after these
I860.] Magical Practices. 883
introductory remarks, our readers will be fully able to appreciate whatever
of curiosity and interest they contain.
INFORMATION AGAINST DEWSE'S WIFE, JANUARY, 1589—90.
One Atkinson being prisoner in Newgate, and being acquainted with one
Robert Birche, who as hee heard was kuowen and well thoughte of by Sir
Edward Hobby, did sende for the said Birche to come to him to have his advise
in his affaires ; and at his comminge Frauncis Norton beinge also prisoner there,
said that the said Birche was a conjnrer and coulde doe many thinges ; which
being heard of Mrs. Lewse, she desired Atkinson to be a roeane that shee mighte
speake with Birche.
At his cominge to her she told him that shee had heard of him and longe
soughte for him, and that the cause why she desired to speake with him was, that
by his counsell and aide she mighte be revenged of her enemies, wherein she said
he should greatly please God, for one of them was that thiefe Younge who lived
by robbinge papistes, thother was Sir Rowland Heyward, Qunston, and Sye, whose
pictures she said she would have made and then pricke them to the harte, or els
that by his arte they mighte all dye, as they did at the Assises at Oxford.
Birche aunswered her that lier practise was perilous and daungerous, but he
woulde thiuke on the matter and tell her his opynion, and ymediately he imparted
the matter to Mr. Younge, who wished him to see what she had done, but to be*
ware that he did nothing himselfe ; and oominge to her afterwardes, she bad pre-
pared waxe requestinge him to make the pictures, which hee said hee oould not
doe for that hee was lame, and that hee was lothe to geve his consente without the
consente of her husbande, and shee said that her husband was afrayd to come in
daunger, but hee would allowe her to geve as much as hee would, but yet he
should come to him.
The next day Dewse came to Birche and said that he knew the cause of his
comynge, by his wyfe, and did saye that he would performe what shee had pro-
mised, and would geve him £4:0 more ; and Birche said that hee had forgotten
their names, and Dewse wrote them with his owne hande ; and then he said he
would thinke of the matter, and Dewse willed him to come home as scone as hee
coulde.
Within two daies after Birche came to Mrs. Dewse, and shee said shee was
fully resolved to make the pictures of those villaynes, and praied him because he
could not doe them, yet to stande by her and to tell her if shee did amisse. Then
sliee made three pictures : one for Mr. Younge, and put a pynne into his harte ;
another for Sir Rowland Heyward, and putt a pynne to his harte, and another
under his ribbes ; and the third picture for Sye, and put two pynnes in his eyes :
and shortly after Dewse came to Birche and told him that hee feared Norton
would betray them.
Mrs. Dewse hath sent for Birche dyvers tymes since, and sent him a sugar loafe
and lemans, and told him that shee thanked God some of her pictures did worke
well, and so she hoped would all the reste, and desired him to come often to
see them.
Upon searche made in Newgate, two pictures were founde in her oubord by the
Slieriffe, in a secrete place, with pynnes sticked in them as is aforesaid ; and she
told Birche that the third was broken^ and that she would make more. And the
384 Original Documents. [Oct,
said two pictures remaine in the custodie of Mr. Sebrighte, Town Gierke of
London, by commandment of the Lord Mayor and the Benche.
(Indorsed) " Januarie, 1589.
" Laformation against Dewses wief."
MR. BIRCHE'S REPORT OF MRS. DEWSE'S WORDS, JAN. 1590.
A true reporte of Mrs. Dewse her wordes conceminge her meaninge and dealinge
towardes the Lord Chauncelor, the Lord Chamberleyne, Mr. Recorder, and
others, whereof I remember no more of their names but the Sheriffes.
FiRSTE she said, 0 Sir, you are hartely wellcome ; I sente for you yesterdaye to
thende to praye you that if all my frendes deceyve me, and that if neither mj
pictures nor any thioge I can doe eb will destroye myne enemies, that then you
will stande so muche my good frende to doe somethinge by arte to destroye all
those that are my husbandes enemies in a dampe, as I heard some were at Oxford
Assises, which are allmost all the Benche, by that yilleyne Rowland Heyward and
Younges meanes, who havci since you were with me, sent the knaves Sheriffes to
searche my house, who have geven me such abhominable wordes, and sent mj
maide to the Compter, and so uphelde Gunstone that murtherer in all his doinges,
that noe woman is able to endure the same. For they had not onely done her
those injuries and soughte to make her husband lose his office which woulde bee
both her and her childrens undoinges, but they had allso made the Lord Chamber-
leyn that hee would not reade her husbandes petitions, and the Lord Chauncelor
who was ever her husbandes frend woulde doe nothinge for her, and Mr. Recorder
whom she thought would not have bene her enemie, he likewise did now (aa
shee heard) take his parte that should have her husbandes office ; and all was
through the knaves Rowland Heyward and Justice Younge, and the Sheriffes
meanes ; and therefore as shee was mynded, she would make all their pictures and
pricke them with pynnes that they mighte thinke it was Gods doinge, because
they would suffer theeves to overthrowe her husband without any cause; and
that if I woulde come to her againe within two dayes after, I should see how shee
had done them and in what order, for she mente to pricke them all at the harte,
and if they died all, excepte the Lord Chauncelor, it was no matter, saying, *' How
say you, is it not a good meanes to worke against my enemies ? they tell me and
I have often heard it is.'* Birche aunswered that it was a daungeious meanes, and
that shee were beste to take good heede how shee dealte, and whom she trusted in
suche matters, and that the best meanes was to pray to God that Hee would tume
her enemies hartes, and that for his parte hee would bee glad hereafter if he oould
by any good meanes doe her pleasure. She aunswered, " I thank you, good Sire,
and if I doe not prevaile by makinge my pictures, if then you will doe that for
mee which was done at Oxford Assises, my husband will geve you £40 for your
paynes." Birch aunswered hee woulde doe any thinge hee could, with his owne
and her safetie, to doe her good, but hee woulde doe it for curtesie and not for
money. Then said she, " I pray you of all curtesie as ever you will doe any thinge
for me, take 5s. of me to buy a great Christall for me, and when you come againe
you shall see what I will doe withall, and I will crave your opynion howe you like
my frendes counsell about the same." Birche said, " I will buy it for you with,
a good will, and I pray God sende you good counseU f and thereupon she gave
6
I860.] Treasure Trove. 885
him 5s., saying she would fayne have him stay longer, but that she was afrayed
to have him or any straunger sene with her, by one Norton, who was a prisoner,
who would bewraye all that hee coulde mistruste of her ; and so she geving him
thankes for his paynes, and hee geving her thankes for her giftes, which were two
lemons, a sugar lofe, and a capon, they parted at that time.
These speeches she uttered the same day she was apprehended.
(Signed) Robt. Biachs.
(Indorsed) " Birche his last conference with Mrs. Dewse."
TKEASTJRE TROVE.
The intention recently announced by Her Majesty's Qoyemment of claiming
possession of all antiquities henceforth to be discovered, upon payment of the
actual value to the finders, though no doubt well meant, has given rise to much
dissatisfaction. It is considered that its effect must be extremely detrimental,
as rendering the formation of Local Museums impracticable, although many
objects of antiquity lose much of their value when &r removed from the places
where they were discovered. There can be no question that the collection of
Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones belonging to the Society of Antiquaries
at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, recently noticed in our pages', would thus suffer if
removed from the immediate neighbourhood of the Roman Wall ; and the same
may be said of the treasures of the Saxon sepulchres in Kent, which, being often
of gold or silver, would clearly fall within the scope of the circular from the Home
Office, though that Department might not desire to possess itself of the former
class of antiquities.
A municipal body has been the first, we believe, to move in this matter.
On Monday, Sept. 17, at the monthly meeting of the Council of the City of
York, the Town Clerk read the following letter, which had been received from
the Secretary of State :—
" Whitehall, Aug. 27, 1860.
" SiE, — I am directed by Secretary Sir George Lewis to inform you that the Lords
Commissioners of the Treasury have been pleased to anthorise the payment to finders
of ancient coins, gold or silver ornaments, or other relics of antiquity, in England or
Wales, of the actual value of the articles, on the same being delivered up for behoof of
the Crown ; and I am to request that you wiU instruct the police officers of your borough
to give notice of the intentions of Her Majesty's Government, and to inform all persons
who shall hereafter make discoveries of any such articles, that on their delivering them
to the sheriff, they will receive from the Treasury rewards equal in amount to the full
intrinsic value of the articles. In all cases where it shall come to the knowledge of
the police that such articles have been found, and that the persons having found them
refuse or neglect to deliver them up. Sir George Lewis desires that measures may be
taken for their recovery, and that information may be forwarded to him.
" I am. Sir,
" Tour obedient servant^
The Chairman of the Watoh Committee, York, «GBOBai Clite."
Mr. Wilkinson, a councillor, said he thought this was a very unjustifiable pro-
ceeding, and one that would tend to injure local collections. He moved that
a copy of the letter be forwarded to the Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society. Mr. Weatherley seconded the motion, which was carried. Mr. Har-
grove said that when this letter was read before the Watch Committee, it was
thought that it would be very unwise to adopt the suggestion, and that it would
be better for old coins, &c., found in the neighbourhood of the city to be de-
posited in the Museum, rather than that they should be sent to London.
• Gknt. Mag., Sept. 1860, p. 246.
Geitt. Mag. Vol. CCIX. t z
386 [Oct.
atntiquanan anti Hfterarg ^nteniflciifer.
[^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, but in order that a copy of the Gentlema.n'8 MAGAZDnt containing
their Communications may be forwarded to them.']
BRITISH AECH^OLOGICAX ASSOCIATION.
The members of this Association held a very successful meeting, their
annual congress, at Shrewsbury in the week commencing on Monday,
August 6. Notwithstanding that the Institute had met at the same place
some years previously, Shropshire is so rich in antiquarian objects of at-
traction, while the newly opened glories of Uriconium comprised in them-
selves nearly sufficient induce'ments for the choice of the locality, that no
apology was needed for the selection of Shrewsbury. A dozen weekly
meetings would still leave something of interest for the consideration of
another.
The opening meeting was held at the ^marks on the chief objects of interest
Town-hall at 3 p.m. on Monday, Beriah ^*^«^ ^^^^y were intending to vint during
BoTPiELD, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A., Pre- *^® congress. In the course of the address,
sident of the Association, in the chair; ^^""^^ " ^*' too long to be quoted at
and, notwithstanding the exceedingly un- ^«°«*^ ^«''®' especially as it will appear
favourable state of the weather, was well ^^ereafter in its full proportions elsewhere,
attended. After the presentation of an ^''- ^^^^^^ "^«ie some valuable obsenra-
address from the Mayor and Cori^ration. **^°^ °° *^^® dialectical pecuharities of the
which was gracefully acknowledged by the ^^"^^y* '^^^ch we extract :—
President, the latter (Mr. Botfield) pro- . " ^^ "f. °°^*^ It^ remaAable featoro
,,. IV.-- iji in the dialect of Shropshire that it should
ceeded to read his maugural address, a ^^^ borrowed scarcely any word directly
long and well-written composition, which from the contiguous territory of Wales ;
was frequently interrupted by loud and and Mr. Hartshome thinks this fact may
well-merited applause. This address will serve to prove that the English language,
be printed at length by the Association. ?? ^P?^^". ^^ Salopians in an agricultural
T„ 4.1 ^ r •* u 11 J 1 1. 1 district, IS marked by extreme aocuracy
In the course of it he alluded to nearly _„j «„'•*.„ wt ^^ ^ *.^ x. ^
. f and punty. Wales seems to have pre-
every feature of interest m connexion with sented an insurmountable barrier. Totally
the history of antiquities of Shropshire, dissimilar in all its forms of speech^ and in
Mr. Botfield observed, that he appeared its terminations, the Welsh has never in-
before the meeting in a double character, cooperated itself in the least degree with
-one as the elected President of the Ar- ?^" provindaiUms. Even in that part of
, 1 . I A - *- *. 1.1- u J- lo.o ***® country round Oswestry, where our
chaBologioalAssociation,e8tablishedinl843 intercourse with the Prindpality is the
for the encouragement and prosecution of greatest, and there is no natural line of
researches into the arts and monuments demarcation to cut off the admixture of
of the early and middle ages ; the other, ^^® *^^ hmguages, they have in no way
as a native of Shropshire, welcoming the ?5fl^.. ^^y.-'''' iT^^^ S^if^Ifl-
A • *• i. ov i_ J X .1^ There is nothing like a Cambro-British
Association to Shrewsbury and to the patois, or an Ai^lo- Welsh idiom, obeerv-
county, and offering to the members some ser?able. The English here is quite m
]860.]
British Archcsological Association,
387
free from Welsh expression as it is in the
centre of the kingdom. There is, however,
a \\'elsh accent peculiar to the borders of
Wales, whose further diffusion was pro-
bably checked by the Severn. So great
are the diversities in pronunciation in
Shropshire, that Mr. Hartshorne has enu-
merated no less than five dialects as spoken
on the English side of the same river. A
similar peculiarity may be remarked in
Pembrokeshire, that ' Little England be-
yond Wales,' as its maritime district is
frequently termed. Speaking generally, a
line drawn through the centre, from east
to west, would divide the country into
two districts. To the north of this line
we encounter a people speaking the Welsh
language, and having the well-defined fea-
tures of the Celtic race. On the south of
the same line there is a sensible difference.
The inhabitants use the English language
alone, whilst their physiognomy, wholly
distinct from their neighbours of the hill
country, proclaims them to be of a differ-
ent race — descendants, in fact, of the
Flemish colonists who occupied the rich
country between Milford and Tenby in the
time of Henry I. Professor Earle has
remarked how purely and grammatically
the English language is spoken along the
eastern side of Radnorshire, and on the
western side of Herefordshire, very much
better than in those parts where the Eng-
lish had been longer planted. A parallel
case is found in Cornwall, the pure un-
Celtic English of which county had cre-
ated some Httle wonder."
After a great variety of other observa-
tions on the history and antiquities of
Shropshire, Mr. Botfield resumed his seat
amidst loud and prolonged applause.
Mr. Slaney, M.P., proposed, and the
Hon. and Rev. G. Bridgeman seconded,
a vote of thanks to the President for his
able address, after which Mr. Petti grew
announced the order of proceedings for
the rest of the day. At the abbey church,
Mr. C. E. Davis, F.S.A., made some obser-
vations on the general character of the
building. Proceeding down the south
aisle, Mr. Planchd offered some remarks
upon the monuments ; and Mr. Pettigrew
read a short paper on a very ancient stone
monument or sepulchral slab at the lower
end of the aisle, in which he stated that it
was an example of a very rare kind, if not
indeed unique. It was a slab which had
been placed over the tomb of a clerk in
minor orders, and its date might be as-
signed to the thirteenth century. The
effigy was habited in an alb, and four sym-
bols appeared, — viz., a bell; the second,
what seemed to be a chalice, but which
had been conjectured upon good authority
to be a holy water vat ; the third, a book ;
and the fourth a lighted taper. Some
other places in the town were then visited,
the most interesting of which was the
abbey pulpit, so well known to all intel-
ligent visitors to Shrewsbury.
After an agreeable tahh d^hdte, at the
evening meeting Mr. Planch^ read a
learned and important antiquarian paper
on the Norman earls of Shrewsbury, in-
cluding a large amount of interesting in-
formation on ancient armour, effigies, &c
Then followed a paper by the Hon. and
Rev. G. Bridgeman on the Princes of
Upper Powys; and lastly, one by Mr.
Gordon Hills on Buildwas Abbey, a paper
distinguished by careful research, and
illustrated by drawings which were the
result of actual measurement and personal
examination.
On Tuesday the members of the Asso-
ciation visited Buildwas Abbey, a fine
ruin, still magnificent in its decay, on the
banks of the river Severn. Here Mr.
Gordon Hills described the main features
of this interesting building. From this
place the party proceeded to visit the
encaustic tile manufactory of Messrs. Mavr
and Co., where the processes were well
explained by Mr. George Maw, who after-
wards received the members of the Sodety
at a handsome hmeheon at their residence
at Benthall-hall, a fine Elizabethan man-
sion erected in 1573. In the entrance
hall were appropriately laid out numerous
books of rare drawings and engravings,
plans of the tesselated pavements found
at Wroxeter, a collection of old tobacco-
pipes of the original Broseley manufacture,
sent by Mr. Thersfield, and several other
objects of interest. Leaving Benthall, the
party proceeded to Wenlock Abbey, one of
the most interesting ruins in the kingdom,
which was commented upon by Mr. £.
Roberts. They then visited the chm*ch,
and the fine old rooms in the Town Hall,
the carved oak in the latter place exciting
much attention.
888
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct.
At the evening meeting Mr. Pettigrew
read a very important paper by the Bev.
E. W. Eyton, F.S.A., on the castlea of
Shropshire. This valuable oommunication
will doubtlessly be printed by the Assoda-
tion, and it is not one an abstract of which
is easily given.
On Wednesday an excursion was made
to Tong Church, where Mr. Planch^ com-
mented upon the numerous beautiful efS-
gies and monuments in the church, which
were in a better state of preservation than
any of a similar kind in the kingdom. The
party then ^proceeded to Decker-hill, the
residence of the President, who received
them with g^reat hospitality and kind at-
tention. After this, Shiffhal Church was
visited and briefly commented upon by
the Rev. J. L. Petit. Another party of
the excursionists proceeded to Lilleshali
Abbey, the remarkably fine ruins of which
were described by Mr. Roberts. He stated
that the date of the foundation was in the
reign of Stephen, and belonged to the col-
lege of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury. There
was a charter of the first year of the reign
of King John. It was said to have been
inhabited by the canons of St. Augustine.
Mr. Roberts highly eulogised Mr. Eyton's
account of the abbey, which he confirmed
from personal survey and enquiry.
At the evening meeting the Rev. C. H.
Hartshome read a highly interesting and
able paper on Powis Land and Powis
Castle. This will no doubt be one of the
communications selected for publication
by the Society. It was followed by two
other papers, one by the Rev. Mr. Dodd,
on Boscobel, White Ladies, and the Royal
Oak; the other, an interesting one by
Mr. Levien, of the British Museum, on the
manuscript known as the Shrewsbury Boq)L.
This book is so called because it was exe-
cuted by order of John Talbot, Esq., of
Shrewsbury, as a wedding present for
Margaret, daughter of Rend, Duke of
Anjou and Maind; and titular King of
Sicily, Naples, and Jerusalem, upon the
occasion of her marriage with Henry VI.,
King of England and France, in April,
1445. The volume, therefore, is no less
interesting as an example of the state of
arts at the period when it was executed.
than it is on aoooxmt of the historical
associations which it calls up, and the
illustrious persons by and to whom it was
presented. The Earl of Shrewsbury, who
was the donor of this noble book, was that
" martial and warlike Talbot" whose cha-
racter Shakespeare had so well drawn.
Margaret of Anjou was an artist of no
ordinary degree of merit. The book is a
large folio, 1 ft. 7 in. in length, by 1 ft.
1 in. in width, and 4 in. thick, nnmbered
15 E. VI. in that noble library (in the
British Museum) presented by (George II.
to the nation in 1757, which is now known
as the " Royal Collection ;" it is written
in French, on vellum, in double columns ;
and it is profusely illustrated thronghont
with illuminated letters, borders, and mi-
niatures in blue, gold, and other rich
colours used by illuminators of that period.
Mr. Levien then proceeded to describe the
book in detail, and shewed that it was a
surpassingly beautiful production of art,
which he strongly advised his hearers to
examine for themselves.
On Thursday the Assodation visited the
now well-known and interesting mins of
Stokesay Castle, the license to crenellate
which was dated in 129L These rains
were ably commented upon by Mr. C. £.
Davis, F.SJl. From this place the ex-
cursionists proceeded by special tnun to
Ludlow, where the magpufioent choich
was commented upon by Mr. Thomas
Wright, M.A., F.S.A. At the castle the
party was again indebted to Mr. Wright
for an extempore address on the history
of that noble ruin. After the condnncm
of his address, Mr. Wright conducted the
party through the keep tower and Norman
parts of the castle, then through the
stately buildings of Roger de Mortimer,
and so over the whole of the castle, point-
ing out and explaining to them the dif-
ferent characteristics and purposes of the
various parts of the buildings, and the
different alterations they had undergone
at various periods of history. He after-
wards led them round the exterior of the
castle, and thence across Dinham bridge
over Whitclifi^e, where they were delighted
with the beauty of the town and river*
and the magnificence of the view; tod so
I860.]
British Archmological Association.
^89
over Ludford bridge, throngh the Broad-
gate, — the only remaining gate of the
town, — to the antique Feathers Inn, in
the quaint old apartments of which a
sumptuous dejeuner was liberally provided
for the Society by Sir Charles B.Boughton,
Bart., High Sheriff of the county.
At the evening meeting an interesting
paper was read by the Rev. J. L. Petit,
F.S.A., on Shiffnal Church, illustrated by
a very numerous collection of beautifully
executed drawings, photographs and
sketches, of both the interior and exterior
of the church. The Rev. author entered
minutely into the peculiar architectural
features presented by that venerable build-
ing. This important contribution will,
we understand, be printed entire under
the auspices of the Association.
The next paper was a most amusing
and interesting one, on the local legends
of Shropshire, by Thomas Wright, Esq.,
M.A., F.S.A. Some of the stories ob-
tained by Mr. Wright from oral tradition
were of the most singular character, and
he explained them by tracing the history
of such legends from the primitive mytho-
logy of our Teutonic ancestors. This paper
also will be printed.
Friday,
The excursion this day was to Shelve
and Linley-hall. Arrived at the Shelve-
hill, where the Gravels lead mine is in
active and prosperous operation, the party
alighted, and assembled in the yard of
the new mine, where Mr. T. Wright ad-
dressed them. He said that Shelve-hill
was full of lead ore, of which there were
about nine veins running nearly perpen-
dicular. When the Romans came here,
they found these cropping out at the sur-
face, and they followed them to as great
a depth as they could, or until they found
no more ore. There was a passage in
Pliny relating to the lead found in Britain,
which probably referred to this very spot.
PHny says that in Britain they found the
lead on the surface of the earth, — ^if he
remembered right, the author's words were
summo corio, or the outer skin, — and in
such abundance, that it was considered
prudent to forbid more than a certain
amount to be taken in a year. PHny lived
in the middle and latter half of the first
century, and it is curious that the Roman
pigs of lead found in this neighbourhood,
and evidently obt^ned from these mines,
all bore the name of the Emperor Hadrian,
who flourished early in the second century.
This shews us at what an early period
these mines were worked. Mr. Wright
observed also that it was very remarkable
that it was in this latter reign Ptolemy
the geographer mentions for the first time
the town of Viroconium or Uriconium, as
the chief place in this part of the country,
and he could not but think that our
Uriconium derived much of its importance
from its proximity to these Roman mining
districts. Before leading the visitors up
the hill to view the remains of the Roman
mines, he pointed out to them some of the
objects of interest in the landscape around,
such as the mountain of Comdon, with its
summit covered with tumuli ; the circle of
stone at its foot called Mitchel's-fold, of
which he had told them the story in his
paper on local legends the previous even-
ing ; another circle called the Hoar-
stones, &c
The view from the Shelve-hill was ex-
ceedingly grand, altliough considerably
obscured by distant nun. The route to
Linley-hall was full of picturesque beauty.
Arrived at the Hall, the party were courte-
ously received by the Rev. T. P. More,
Miss More, and Mr. Jasper More; and,
after viewing some of the curiosities near
the mansion, and the books and pictures
in the rooms, at two o'clock luncheon was
announced. It was laid out in the dining-
room, and was of a most sumptuous de-
scription. After luncheon, Mr. Botfield
proposed the thanks of the Association be
given to the Rev. T. F. More for the
sumptuous hospitality they had that day
received. He alluded to the beautiful site
of Mr. More's fine mansion, one of the
finest of the Palladium style in the king-
dom, and to the magnificent scenery by
which it was surrounded. He had per-
sonally to thank Mr. More for his hearty
reception of him upon all occasions, and
the way in which he had received so
numerous a company on the preseut oc«
890
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct.
casion spoke well for his kindness and
generosity. The Rev. T. F. More returned
thanks, remarking that the untoward state
of the weather had prevented the party
from realising the heauties of the country
through which they passed. He felt sin-
cere pleasure in meeting the archssologists
and their friends, and wished they had
more worthy of their notice. He proposed
prosperity to the British Archaeological
Association. Mr. Botfield replied, and in
doing so he alluded to the value of
archaeological and antiquarian research,
and to the amount of good their Society
and kindred Societies were doing. He
concluded by hoping that they would
always be well supported ; and would
gay, "Esto perclara," and "Esto perpetua."
The visitors then proceeded to view the
interesting collection of antiquities, in-
cluding the Roman wooden spades and
some Roman pottery found in the locality,
together with the pig of lead found at
Shelve mine, proving that it had been
worked by the Romans. Afterwards, when
the party returned to partake of coffee
and refreshments, the Rev. Thomas Hum-
phreys read a curious paper upon the
etymology of the names of the neighbour-
ing villages, hamlets, hills, valleys, resi-
dences, books, and so forth. The Rev. T.
F. More also gave a brief description of
the hall. The large Roman villa, with
the remains of hypocausts, were also visited
and commented upon.
Shortly after half-past four the party
left Linley-hall, and returned to Shrews-
bury over the Cothercote-hill, and by way
of Pulverbatch and Longden.
The Eveniko Meeting
took place at half -past eight o'clock, in
the Town-hall, soon after the return of
the excursionists.
Tlie President having taken his seat,
Mr. Maw, of Benthall-hall, read bis
paper on^
The Tesselated PAVEMBirrs discotbred
AT WaOXBTEB LAST YeAR.
He gave a minute and elaborate account
of the various tesselated pavements which
had been found, and which he had illus-
trated by a series of beaatifally-execnted
diagrams, giving thereby a much better
idea of his subject than a dozen readings
could possibly have done. Portions of the
pavements (iVom the Museum) were also
placed upon the table, and gave additional
interest to the lecture. Mr. Maw also
briefly described a simple yet ingenious
method of his own invention, for raising
and transporting in their entirety portions
of pavement of this nature. At the con-
clusion a vote of thanks was, on the mo-
tion of the President, voted to Mr. Maw
for his interesting paper.
The Rev. H. M. Scarth next gave a
paper descriptive of
WaoxETia Church and its Monu-
ments.
He commenced by stating that a chnrch
existed at Wroxeter at the time of the
Domesday survey, when four priests were
attached thereto. It was probably located
on the site of the present church, altbongh
no remains are known to exist, unless the
font be, as he conjectures, identical with
the one used in the Saxon church. This
font consists of a portion of an anient
Roman column, adapted to its present
purpose by being partially hollowed oat,
and must have existed previous to the
Saxon occupation. He afterwards en-
tered into a minute description of the
several interesting monuments which the
church possesses, amongst which were those
of Lord Chief Justice Bromley, '*one of
the executors to the King of most fiunoos
memory, Henry VIII., the which deceased
XV day of May, 1555," and of Sur Richard
Newport, the ancestor of the E^^ls of
Bradford, who died in 1570, and several
others pertaining to the same noble fiimily,
whose genealogy he traced to its source.
He then alluded to the pious fonnder of
Donnington school (Thomas Alcock, yeo-
man), who in 1627 left " 20 merks yearly
towards the maintenance of a free Gram-
mer Schoole for the instruction of the
youth of Wroxcester and Upping^n/' at
which school Richard Baxter received the
rudiments of education. A military gemns
of the present day (Sir Herbert Edwardes)
also had elementary instmction at tlus
I860.]
British Archceological Association,
391
school. Mr. Scarth concluded amidst ap-
plause, and received a vote of thanks for
the paper.
Flint Implements.
Mr. Wright exhibited a large and very
extraordinary collection of flint imple-
ments, consisting of axes, spears, arrow-
heads, knives, fishhooks, Faws, &c., &c, the
property of Mr. Edward Tindall, of Brid-
lington, Yorkshire, in which neighbour-
hoo<l chiefly they were found. Mr. Wright
pointed out briefly the interest which
those objects presented at the present mo-
ment, but he said that the subject was
rather large, and involved so many ques-
tions that he thought it would be advis-
able, instead of entering upon it at this
time, to adjourn the consideration of it to
one of the public meetings of the Archaeo-
logical Association in London. He would
make a few remarks, however, on three
questions connected with it, which on
such an occasion should not perhaps be
passed over silently. In the first place, as
to their antiquity, he gave facts to shew
that this was not necessarily so great as
some people were inclined to suppose, but
that it was the practice at all periods,
among people not highly civilized, to use
stone for such purposes when metal could
not lie procured, while it was evident that
a good number of those flint implements
had been made in imitation of implements
of metal. The third question to which he
would allude was the discovery of such
implements in the drift which had been
lately discussed so much, and in regard to
which he thought that further discovery
and discussion would lead in the end to
the discovery that the geologists were la-
bouring under a delusion. In the third
place, Mr. Wright gave a curious account
of forgeries of flint implements, of which
he exhibited a considerable number, manu-
factured by some men who lived on the
coast of Yorkshire. He said, in refer-
ring to this part of his subject, that it be-
longed rather to police than archaeology.
It was, however, a fact that within the
last eight or ten years there had risen
up forgers of these flint instruments — a
very inconvenient thing, for the material
changed in appearance by age less than
any metal, and the forgery was conse-
quently most difficult to detect. He ex-
hibited a number of these forgeries, and
explained how they had been detected
through the ignorance of the forgers. The
principal of these forgers was one Wilson,
a man with many aliases, who was now
dead. Finally, he repeated his earnest
desire that the Archssological Association
should meet in London to discuss the sub-
ject thoroughly.
Mr. Pettigrew, F.R.S., F.S. A., cordially
joined in this recommendation*.
Mr. Gould mentioned the fact that a
number of these flint instruments had
been discovered in Jerusalem by an Eng-
lish traveller, but that the search for them
had been stopped by the Turkish authori-
ties. It was also observed that some of
the larger implements on the table, adzes,
&c., were of granite, such as were seen in
the South Sea Islands.
After the announcement of the pro-
ceedings for the next day, the meeting was
adjourned about half- past ten o'clock.
On Saturday the excursions were to
Battlefield, Haughmond Abbey, and
Wroxeter. On the first two, appropriate
observations were made by Mr. Roberts.
The last was of course the great object of
the day ; and here, at Uriconium, which
Mr. Wright has made so completely his
own, that distinguished archseologist
kindly undertook the office of conductor,
and with great pains described the whole
of the uncovered parts of the interesting
ruins of this once large city.
He received the excursionists at the
entrance to the portion of land in pos-
session of the excavations committee, and
led them first to the apartment supposed,
fVom the furnaces and other erections
within it, to have been the atelier of a
worker in metals, perhaps of an enameller.
This room, which abutted on the street of
the forum, is just opposite the entrance
gate. A short distance beyond it begin
the hypocausts of the public baths, which
stretch along to the far side of the in-
• Since the concern it has been determined to
hold a special meeting to thoroughly diacoss this
curious and obscure subject.
892
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Oct.
closure. Mr. Wright led the ymtors
through these and the adjoining build-
ings and courts, explaining the different
objects of interest in the order in which
they presented themselves, and at the end
of them conducted the party, which was
a very numerous one, to the top of the
great mound formed by the earth and
rubbish taken out of the excavations, from
which they obtained a bird*s-eye view of
the uncovered ruins, and a magnificent
prospect of the country around. They
descended hence to the southern side of
the excavations, and proceeded westward
along the uncovered Roman street, ex-
amining the remains of buildings on each
side, till they came to its extremity where
it entered the forum. Mr. Wright here
pointed out the gutter, or water-course,
in a remarkably perfect state, which ran
along the side of another street, in a
direction southward from the forum, and
after they had examined the buildings
bordering upon this street, they accom-
panied him to the interesting mass of
buildings which has been supposed to be
a market-place with its accompanying
storehouses. Here Mr. Wright concluded
his remarks, and a large party of the ex-
cursionists proceeded to the church. The
Rev. E. Egremont received the party.
Mr. Roberts described the building. On
entering the edi6ce, he expressed a hope
that the churchwardens would improve
upon the works of their predecessors. He
suggested that a large square canopy
above one of the pews, which he face-
tiously termed a bedstead, should have its
top cut off, and be made so as not to in-
tercept the view of those who sat in the
church behind it. He understood also
that there was a beautiful oak ceiling
which was covered over with plaster. If
that was the case, he hoped that the old
and better workmanship would be laid
bare. The monuments were referred to
by several gentlemen as being in a state
of preservation so good as to astonish
thein. Ascending the organ-loft, Mr.
Roberts examined the columns forming
the sides of the archway, and regretted
that they should have been cut away so
ruthlessly to provide for the choir.
7
The party then left Wroxeter Church,
and a number of persons accompanied
Mr. Wright to the cemetery of Uri-
conium, and had pointed out to them
where the deformed skulls were found.
Progress was then made on the journey
in the direction of Shrewsbury.
Atcham Chubch
having been reached, the Rev. H. Barton,
rural dean, and some of his friends, re-
ceived the Association with courtesy, and
afforded them facilities for the inspection
of that edifice. The gpreatest curiomty at-
tending the visit to this place was disco-
vered in the churchyard, in the shape of
a stone over a grave which had a croes
cut upon it, the top portion being encir-
cled, and on either side two animaU with
their feet resting on the perpendicular,
the various parts of which were distinctly
traceable. It was the desire of the mem-
bers of the Association that a drawing of
this stone should be taken. The moes
was scrubbed off, and the water sponged
out of the hollows, but the dampness pre-
cluded Mr. Faulkner taking a rubbing on
paper. Mr. Roberts accordingly took a
pencil sketch. This concluded the day's
round ; and the party having taken a fare-
well of Atcham Church, partially covered
with ivy, and looking interesting and at-
tractive in its snug situation in a nook on
the bank of the river Severn, Shrewsbury
was again resorted to.
The EvEKiNa MEETiira,
in the Shire-hall. Many members had
taken their departure during the day, and
the number of persons who were present
on the last occasion was not so large as
usual. Notwithstanding, the interest re-
mained unabated, and the business was
entered upon with zest, which indicated
that the subject was by no means worn
out or the interest of the visit eihaosted.
The President having opened the pro*
ceedings,
Mr. Pettigrew read a paper which he
had received fh)m Dr. Wright, on " the
Distorted Skulls of Wroxeter," which
created a lively discuanon.
Mr. Levien next read a p^p^* in com*
I860.]
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
393
pliance with the wish of Mr. Salt, con-
corning the towns of Churchstoke, Aston,
and Mellington, from the " Hereford Re-
gister."
Mr. Pettigrew then rose and said : "We
have now an-ived at that period of our
proceedings when it becomes us to return
our thanks to those individuals who have
assisted us in bringing our Congress to a
useful conclusion. The first duty we have
to perform is to return our thanks to the
patrons of our Association ; and perhaps
it would not be unbecoming of me to pro-
pose that, as it has been my lot especially
to know of the patronage extended to this
Association by those illustrious individuals.
I need not tell you how much the success
of the efibrts of this Association depends
on the patronage we find, and particularly
so on our visit to this county. Perhaps
on no occasion have we been honoured
with so numerous a list of patrons as that
which has distinguished our Congress in
Shropshire. I may add that the way in
which that patronage has been afforded
has considerably enhanced the importance
of it. When we look at the list of our
patrons — the Lord Viscount Hill (lord-
lieutenant of Salop), his Grace the Duke
of Cleveland, his Grace the Duke of Suther-
land, the Earl of Shrewsbury and Talbot,
the Earl of Dartmouth, and the Right
Kev. the Lord Bishop of the Diocese —
yuu will see that there is abundant cause
for the expression of our gratitude. I
will not detain you by making any further
observations at this late hour, fiirther than
to assure you that what I have received
from them has been an anxious desire to
assist this congress, and some of them
have expressed it in contributions. I beg,
therefore, to propose that the thanks of
this Association be given to the patrons."
The motion was seconded and carried
with cordiality.
!Mr. Gould then proposed that the thanks
of the meeting be given to Sir Baldwin
Leigh ton and the county magistrates for
the use of the hall in which the meetings
had been held. Carried.
Other votes of thanks were then carried.
Mr. Thomas Wiight proposed a vote
of thanks to the Mayor and Corpora-
tion and the Local Committee, who h id
shewn great zeal and desire to promote
the success of the congress of the Associa-
tion in the town of Shrewsbury.
Mr. Levien proposed the thanks of the
Association to Mr. Pettigrew and the offi-
cers, which the Treasurer acknowledged.
Mr. Roberts proposed a special vote of
thanks to the Local Committee.
Mr. Previte proposed a vote of thanks
to the gentlemen who had entertained
the members during their excursions.
Mr. W. H. Bayley moved a vote of
thanks to Mr. Thomas Wright, which was
seconded by Mr. Edward Haycock, and
carried. Mr. Wright acknowledged the
compliment.
Mr. Pettigrew next moved a vote of
thanks to the President for his conduct
in the chair, and referred to his able ad-
dress and the attention which he bad
shewn to the interests of the Association
by accompanying them on their excur-
sions. He had also honoured them by
the presence of his lady to cheer them;
and speaking of the ladies, he o'iserved
that they had heard of the pluck of
Englishmen, but the pluck of English-
women he thought they would consider
far greater when they recollected how
that sex had accompanied them on the
excursions and taken part in their re-
searches.
The President replied at length to the
vote of thanks, his speech being an able
resume of the week's proceedings.
Thus closed one of the most instructive
and successful meetings ever held by the
Archajological Association. Nor will the
results be disappointing, for we under-
stand that in a new quarto publication
to be commenced by the Society in
January next, in addition to the quar-
terly Journal, all the papers of value read
before the congress will be printed and
illustrated, a circumstance of great im-
pdrtance, and one not often accomplished.
Gent. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
3a
394
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct,
ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Auff, 1, At a cominittoe meeting, lield
at Arklow-house, the Hev. S. S. Gbbat-
HEED, Treasurer, in the chuir, Mr. Slater
met the committee, and exhibited his de-
signs for the restoration and re-arrange-
ment of Bridgnorth Church, Shropshire,
and for the rebuilding of the chancel of
Kibworth Church, Leicestershire.
Mr. Burges met the committee, and laid
before it his designs for a small brick
church to be built at Fleet, in Surrey. He
also described the original purpose of the
MaLson Dieu at Dover, and the history of
the building, which, after many alterations
and mutilations^ has been lately repaired,
and to some extent restored, after the
designs of Mr. Poynter assisted by Mr.
Bulges. Referring also to the Liberate
Rolls of Henry III., Mr. Burges discussed
several questions connected with medisBval
domestic architecture, and in particular
called attention to the fact that although
pine timber was often used in the Middle
Ages, no works in that material of that
date remained, whence he inferred that
our present use of pine instead of oak and
chesuut in church roofs was a mistake, in-
asmuch as it was not likely to last for
many years.
The committee examined Mr. S. S. Teu-
lon's designs for the church, school, and
parsonage which he is about to build at
St. Thomas, Agar Town, St. Pancras ; an
unsuccessful competition design for re-
building Holy Trinity Chapel, Knights-
bridge; the designs for the transforma-
tion of the nondescript tower of Sunbury
Church, Middlesex; for a new school at
£lm, Cambridgeshire ; and for two drink-
ing-fountains, one in metal work, to be
placed by the Board of Works in Battersea-
park, the other in stone and marble, in-
tended to be placed in Bryanstone- square.
The committee also inspected several plans
and designs by Mr. Norton for the re-
storation of Magor Church, near Newport,
Monmouthshire; for a new chapel in
Rheola Park, Glamorganshire; designs
for a new memorial altur-table for the
church of St. John's, Paddington ; for a
new school at Disserth, near Builth, Rad-
norshire ; for a new school at St. Luke's,
Bedminster, Bristol, and for some cottages
at Nutfield, Surrey.
The coomiittee having considered the
following extract from Mr. Robson's letter,
agreed that it was impossible to lay down
a general rule for such cases, but that it
was a right principle to preserve as far as
possible what was good in itself, or hia-
torically valuable, or not plainly incon-
gruous with the rest of a building. Tlie
particular case at Durham might depend
on the nature of the inserted tracery, and
on the extent to which the restoration of
the other windows had already proceeded.
«
I wish to consult yon upon the ques-
tion of restoring First or Second Pointed
tracery when inserted in Norman win-
dows. In Durham Cathedral, all the
windows on the north and south sides of
the nave have had the tracery which for-
merly filled them removed before I had
any connection with the building. There
are, however, yet remaining two or three
windows in which the tracery (placed
there by the architects of the end of the
thirteenth and beginning of the fourteenth
century) has escaped, but has recently at-
tracted the attention of the Dean and
Chapter, who propose to take it out as in-
harmonious.
"I have given it as my opinion that
preservation, not 'restoration,' should be
our object, and that there is at present
no ground for destroying the tracery.
" But I should very much like to know
your views on the question in general, for
it is one of no little difficulty. Did the
mediooval architects insert it to g^ive a
lichness to the otherwise bare Norman
window? or did they do so for con-
structional or glazing purposes ? I think
the former, and that we, so far from strain-
ing after a * purity of style,* which thej
despised to some extent, should even re-
store First and Second Pointed tracery in
Norman windows."
The committee inspected a carious piece
of alabaster panel sculpture, which had
evidently been left unfinished. It was
discovered face downwards, during the
restoration of St. Peter's Church, Thanet,
by Mr. Clarke, who was conducting the
works. The subject is the Crucifixio.4,
and there is much power in the dedgn
I860.] Bucks Architectural and Archoiological Society,
395
and draperies, so far as they have been
carved.
Mr. Clarke having described the present
state of the proposed fund for endowing a
Travelling Studentship in memory of Au-
gustus Pugin, it was agreed, at the sug-
gestion of Mr. Beresford-Hope, that the
small balance (of £3 3s. 6d.) remaining
from the Carpenter ^lemorial Fund might
most properly be devoted to the Pagin
Fund.
Mr. W. J. Hopkins, of Worcester, wrote
to say that there was now every hope of
the preservation of the Gueston-hall, but
that funds were urgently needed for itf
substantial repair.
BUCKS AECHITECTUEAL AOT) ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY.
July 17. The annual meeting was held
in the Assembly-rooms of the Swan Hotel,
Newport Pagnell, on this and the two fol-
lowing days. An active local committee
had been formed, and by their exertions
a temporary museum was got together,
which contained, beside presentations, and
the Society's usual articles of exhibition,
a large collection of brass rubbings and
inscriptions, fifty-two in number; some
good drawings of frescoes in Lathbury and
Broughton churches ; several books of an
early date, amongst them five missals of
the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth
ceuturles, contributed from the collection
of the Rev. J. Welton, to whom the So-
ciety is indebted for the loan of many
valuable antiquities; a manuscript Bible,
given to the chancel of Buckingham Church
in 1171, and a Latin Bible of the same
version, printed at Venice in 1494 ; a very
large collection of ancient coins in gold,
silver, and copper, in a good state of pre-
servation; many fine specimens of pot-
tery; a magnificent cabinet collection of
British butterflies, all captured in Eng-
land, exhibited by the Rev. H. Bumey ;
many ancient relics dug up in various
parts of the county ; fossils, stuffed birds,
&c., &c. ; a Roman cameo, Venetian chain
works, Egyptian font, (representing the
baptism of John, in Limoges enamel, Mal-
tese work,) two Roman aes, Roman cameo,
Egyptian lamp, Persian inkhom, speci-
men of Indian inlaid work, (exhibited by
the Rev. W. L. Lawson); tiles from the
Old House at Weston, and a curious old
lock made at Birmingham, probably in the
early part of the seventeenth century, (all
exhibited by Mr. Shepherd); Bedouin
household gods brought from Egypt by Sir
Sir R. Bickerton, (exhibited by Mrs. Duns-
ford).
The chair was taken by C. G. DiJ Pub,
Esq., M.P., one of the vice-presidents of
the Society, who congratulated the So-
ciety on the state of its funds and the in-
crease of its members. He was glad also
that the Society had assumed somewhat of
a peripatetic character. If they should
come into his own neighbourhood, (Bea-
consfield,) they would find the tombs of
the Wallers and the Burkes, and there
were certain circumstances connected with
the burial of the last-named great states-
man, which, if not taken up by a Society
like the present, might perhaps soon pass
into oblivion. That great statesman was
80 imbued with a dread of revolution and
revolutionists, that he entertained a fear
his bones should be taken up by some of
them ; he refused to be buried in a leaden
cofiin, and the rector, on examining the
locality lately, found the ground broken
up, and the bones scattered about the
grave. Should the Society visit Beacons-
field, they would perhaps agree with him
that the church which had been built in
the neighbourhood at an expense of some-
thing like £10,000 is a most serious retro-
grade step in ecclesiastical architecture,
viz., the new church at Gerrard*s Cross,
It is in a pseudo-Byzantine style, and if
half the cost had been expended on a
building on the true Gothic prindples,
which had recently become so fully recog-
nised, a result still more in keeping with
the spirit of the age and the require-
ments of the village church would have
been produced.
The name of J. C. Hubbard, Esq., waa,
on the recommendation of the Committee,
896
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct.
added to the list of vice-presidents, and
the officers and committee were re-elected
pro forma.
The Secretary (Rev. C. Lowndes) then
read a list of sixty-one new members, who
were unanimously elected. He also read
the report of the auditors for the previous
year, by which it appeared that the total
receipts amounted to £52 Is. 14d., and
the expenditure to £52 68. Od. ; and the
list of articles recently presented to the
Society.
The Rev. C. Lowndes then read a letter
from Vice-Admiral Smyth, on " A Double-
faced Brass in Stone Church : with a few
General Remarks on the Desecration and
Robberies of Churches." The brass in ques-
tion is remarkable as bearing an effip:y
and inscription on both sides — one to the
memory of Christopher Thorp, who died
September 28th, 1614, the other of T.
Gorncy, who died May 8th, 1520. The
intervening time was too short to render
it probable that the brass could have been
stolen ; probably, therefore, in the earlier
instance it must have been engraved and
remained in the shop of the workman, un-
paid for, through the failure of the surviv-
ing relatives in those troublous times, and
the brass was made available for a subse-
quent customer. The writer then spoke
in considerable detail on the robberies of
cliurches which had prevailed in many
places, especially in the parishes of Essex.
In some places heads had been taken off
the monuments, and the parish church
had been robbed of its muniments, as in
the mural tablet of Admiral Haddock, a
brass which had been used as a mortar-
board, and was broken to pieces. In an-
oihcr place the brass mural tablet of the
late rector had been melted down by
the churchwardens, and converted into a
church chandelier, at that time much re-
quired. He thought that a greater re-
sponsibility ought to be placed upon
parish officers to prevent such shameful
desecration, and to compel them to hand
down to their successors all sculpture,
tablets, record", &c., as a charge to bo sur-
veyed on taking stock of tlie church just
the game as any other parochial property
connected with the church. The dese-
cration of Quarrendon Chapel in Bucks.
shewed that they were no less lax than
any other county. But not only was
there desecration and neglect to be com-
plained of, but positive robberies had been
committed upon parish churches, the pro-
ceeds of which, such as old arms, armour^
spear-heads, &c., had been found in the
workshops of the blacksmith. In the
parish church of Stone a number of brasses
were piled up against the wall in the
vestry during the restoration of the
church, but the clerk never saw them
after the sacred edifice had been roofed.
A clergyman in one place took a number
of gravestones and had his kitchen flagged
with them. In another place these stones
had been sold by the clergy at 2s. a-piece.
Indeed, he had seen an old tombstone in
the yard of a mason at Aylesbury which
had been taken from a neighbouring
churchyard, and which bore an inscription
to the effect that one Jacob Dell died in
1617* It was of the utmost importance
that these monumental records should not
be destroyed, as in various cases, and par-
ticularly in the great Shrewsbury case,
they had proved themselves to be the best
evidence of the descent and identity of
several parties deeply interested in tl.e
issue of the trial, notwithstanding at-
tempts were made to alter, deface, and
then paint over the material portion of
the inscription to which he alluded, and
which was contained on a mural tablet in
Bromsgrove churchyard.
The Rev. C. G. Hulton then read a paper
on Lavendon, from the first institut ion of
the abbey, which was of the Premonstra-
tensian Order, in the time of Henry IL,
down to the present time; also a paper
on Tick ford, which was a monastery of
the Cluniac Order, founded in the time of
William the Conqueror.
On Wednesday, at noon, the Museum
was re-opened, and the room not being
over-crowded, as on the previous day,
ample opportunity was afforded for in-
specting the articles exhibited.
In the evening, before the time an-
nounced for the reading of the papers, a
large audience was present in the Museum,
and after the chair liad been taken by the
I860.] Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland ArchceoL Soc. 397
Vicar of Newport, the Rev. G. Moiley,
Mr. Grindon read a paper written by Mr.
Storer, on Olney. The Rev. C. Q. Hulton,
Rector of Emberton, then read an interest-
ing paper, wTitten by the Rev. W. H.
Kelke, on Filgrave Church, Votes of
thanks wore awarded to the writers of
each paper.
On Thursday the Museum was again
opened in the morning, and the proceed-
ings of the Society's visit to Newport were
concluded by the reading of a paper on
the Newport Garrison in the civil wars,
by the Rev. H. Roundell, the same
evening.
KILKEI^NY AJSTD SOUTH-EAST OF IRELAKD ARCH^-
OLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Juli/ 4. At the July meeting, the
Very Rev. the Dban op Ossoby, President
of the Society, in the chair, the following
new members were elected : —
The Right Hon. Lord Carew, Lieu-
tenant of the County of Wexford, &c.,
Castleborougb, Enniscorthy; Sir James
Power, Bart, D.L., J. P., Edermine, En-
niscorthy; the Rev. Nicholas Devereux,
D.I)., Ballyrankyn-house, Ferns; John
Richards, Esq., J. P., Mackmine Castle,
Enniscorthy; W. K. Farmer, Esq., J. P.,
Bloonifield, Enniscorthy; John Cullen,
Esq., Enniscorthy ; Hercules Ellis, Esq.,
Barrister-at-Law, 15, Gr.mby-row, Dub-
lin; John C. Deane, Esq., Sydn<'y-place,
Onslow-square, Brompton, London ; Rich-
ard Creed, Esq., Cloyne-house, Cloyne,
CO. Cork; and Patrick Tobin, Esq., 17,
Merchant* 8- quaj', Dublin.
Many publications of kindred Societies,
prc>ented to the library, were laid on the
tabic.
The Secretary announced that steps had
been taken by the committee for the re-
moval of a wall that had blocked up the
nave of Jerpoint Abbey. This wall had
formed part of an alteration in the struc-
ture, made with the object of converting
the abbey into a private dwelling house,
afler its suppression as a monastic institu-
tion. Although it thus illustrated the
comparatively modern history of the
abbey, and as such had been spared when
the Society were repairing the ancient
building some years since, still, as it ob-
structed the view of the architectural
beauties of the nave so much, it was
deemed proper now to take it down. Mr.
Blake, of Ballinamona, a member of the
committee, had kindly undertaken to
superintend the carrying out of the work.
The Rev. James Graves made a com-
munication regarding the lately much
dilapidated tomb of the Fitzpatrick
family in the old Abbey of Fertagh. This
tomb, erected to John Fitzpatrick, and his
son Bernard, first Baron of Upper Ossory,
temp. Henry VIII., bore the eflBgies of a
knight in armour, and of a lady wearing
the horned headdress and long kirtle usual
on Irish monuments of that period. It
had been much dilapidated within a re-
cent period, and from the uninclosed state
of the ruins was subject to daily injury.
However, during the past spring, at the
suggestion of the rector of the parish,
the Rev. Thomas Uniacke Townsend,
fiinds were supplied by the munificence of
John Wilson Fitzpatrick, Esq., and not
only was the monument restored as far
as possible, but the ruins were also en-
closed, and an iron gate erected, to ex-
clude mischievous intruders.
Dr. R. R. Madden, to whom, by permis-
sion of the Rev. James Meas'^, the curious
document relating to Theobald Wolfe
Tone, presented by the latter gentleman
at the May meeting of the Society, had
been submitted for his opinion as to its
authenticity, contributed a paper giving
elaborate reasons for supposing it to be a
forgery. Dr. Madden, although vouching
for the authenticity of the copper-plate
form of the certificate, adduced cogent
reasons for supposing that the signatures
of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and Napper
Tandy were forgeries ; sending fac-similes
of their genuine signatures, which strongly
supported his arguments, the most forcible
of which was that the three parties con-
cerned in the document seemed never to
have met.
Major Elliott, Ratlicnrby, presented to
398
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct.
the Society copies of two curious original
documents. One was a petition presented
by the Roman Catholic inhabitants of
Watcrford to the corporation of that
city, about 150 years ago, with a view of
removing a prejudicxj excited by the re-
erection of one of the six Roman Catholic
chapels there which had been suppressed
after the defeat of the Jacobite party in
IGOO. The other document was an Irish
elegy on Robert Elliott, t' e great grand*
uncle of the presenter, and which he sent
as he considered it desirable to preserve
the compositions of the later Irish poets
of Iverk. The music, which was on the
original manuscript, was also copied for
the Society by Major Elliott. It was a
simple, plaintive air.
An adjournment to the first Wednesday
in September then took place.
LEICESTEllSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCH^OLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
June 25. At the Town-hall, the Rev.
G. E. GiLLETT in the chair.
Among various interesting matters exhi-
bited were water-colour drawings of the
interior of the Round Church, Cambridge,
by the late Mr. Pugin, previously to its
restoration by the Cambridge Camden
Society, and another of the colonnade
under the library of Trinity College,
Cambridge, by Westall ; a copy of a por-
trait of Archbishop Laud inserted in the
register of South Kilworth, Leicestershire,
given him by the Rev. A. Pownall, rector
of that parish. Over it is written in an
old hand, " Willmus Laud, 1638. Vandyke
del." Mr. Pownall has, however, discovered
that it was drawn about sixty years ago by
Dr. Griffith, sometime Master of Univer-
sity College, Oxford, and cousin to the
Rev. Charles Chambers, then rector of
South Kilworth. Dr. Griffith was some-
what noted as a draughtsman ; and over
the altar in the chapel of his college is a
singularly curious copy by him of the Sal-
vator Mundi by Carlo Dolci, biwnt in wood.
The drawing does not much resemble the
ordinary prints of the Archbishop, the face
being here more elongated j and he wears
merely a skull-cap, whereas the Archbishop
is usually represented with a square one.
His name written over it appears to be a
magnified copy of Laud's autograph sig-
nature.
The Secretary exhibited several coins,
&c., and read as follows respecting them
from a letter from the Rev. J. Sankey, of
Stoney Stanton : —
"Inclosed is a coin of Sabina, wife of
Hadrian, (found near Soar Mill,) which I
suppose is not very common : at least out
of l,14i Roman coins found at Richborongh
some years ago, there was only one of Ha-
driana Augusta, (Wright's ' The Celt, the
Roman, and the Saxon,* p. 371). I inclose
also a medal of the celebrated John Lil-
burne, struck after his trial, on which he
gives the name of the jury, who, he snys,
*are judges of law as of fact.' Also* a
medal on the failure of Admiral Vernon's
expedition against Cartbai^ena, sarcasti-
cally terming Vernon 'Brave Admiral,'
&c. I send also a small coin, of which I
have forgotten what a friend told me some
years ago." [This, the Secretary stated,
was a penny of King Eadgar, sole monarch
of England from 959 to 975, whose coinage
was very extensive. The legend is badoab
BEX: reverse, ieboeb ho (netarins), the
letters n being here turned upside down.
The name of this moneyer does not occur
in Ruding*s list, '* Annals of the Coinage,"
&c., vol. i. p. 132.]
LIYEErOOL ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY,
July 9. The annual excursion was this
year to Furness Abbey. The abbey is
well known for the scope it presents to
the labours of the archaiologist, whilst at
the same time it is replete with a variety
of points of high interest to the architect.
In A.D. 1127, Stephen, then Earl of More-
taign and Boulogne, and afterwards King
of England, erected the abbey on the banks
of a rivulet near Dalton, in Furness, as a
place of refuge for Cistercian monks who
had removed here from Tulketb, in Amoun-
I860.] Society of Antiquaries , Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
399
derness, but originally from Savigny, in
France. The ruins of the abbey are of
Norman and Early English architecture;
the whole length of the church is said to
be 287 ft., the nave 70 ft. broad, whilst
the walls are in some places 54 ft. high
and 5 ft. thick, the windows and arches
being unusually lofty. There are also the
remains of the chapter-house and cloisters,
and of the school-house, a large building
detached from all the rest. The immediate
precincts of the abbey, which comprehend
a large space, are enclosed by a stone wall,
covered by the ruins of numerous small
buildings, and in one part is an arched
gateway. The stone employed in the build-
ing was originally of a pale red colour, but
from the action of time and weather it
has now assumed a dusky-brown tint. In
the visit to the abbey the party received
valuable aid from Mr. Paley, architect, of
Lancaster, and a member of the Liverpool
Society.
After dinner at the Fumess Abbey
Hotel, many beautiful photographs, shew-
ing various portions of the ancient abbey,
were exhibited. They were taken by Mr.
Keith, photographer, of LiverpooL
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
Aug 1. The monthly meeting was held
at the Castle ; John Clayton, Esq., V.-P.,
took the chair. As usually is the case in
the summer months, the attendance was
not large.
Some donations of books were announced,
particularly one, a bequest of the late Mr.
George Garbutt of Sunderland, — his His-
tory of Sunderland, 1819, with additional
plates, and a photographic portrait of him-
self, over his autograph, dated June 21,
1859.
Arrangements were made to inspect, on
the 15th of August, Hexham Priory, the
Roman remains near Warden, the camp
on Warden -hill, the Roman road called
Stonogate, the recently excavated Roman
bridge over the North Tyne, the station
of Cilumum (Chesters), and the antiqui-
ties preserved at the Chairman's residence
there.
A conversation took place as to numer-
ous arrears of subscriptions; and after
transacting some further business, the
meeting adjourned until the first Wed-
nesday in September.
Aug. 15. Tlie Society held its country
meetingr, visiting Hexham and its neigh-
bourhood, and they were fortunately fa-
voured by the weather.
Among the gentlemen present d'lring
the day were the Rev. Dr. Besley, the
Rev. Walker Featherstonhaugh, the Rev.
E. U. Adamson, the Rev. James Everett,
the Rev. Dr. Bruce, Dr. Charlton, Dr.
Gregson, and Messrs. Robert Ingham,
M.P., W. H. D. LongstafTo, Armstrong,
Fairless, Read, &c.
At Hexham, Mr. Fairless, the genius
loci, and Mr. Longstaffe, who, as editor of
the Society's Transactions, had proceeded
by an eai'lier train, met the party to con-
duct them over the old abbey church. On
their way thither, the two towers of the
franchise of Hexham were noticed, with
their Roman stones. Mr. Dobson's ne^
east end of the church, rather more ad-
vanced in style than its venerable neigh-
bour, was glanced at, and the party en-
tered by the quaint, incongruous door,
erected by the Mercers' Company, in the
north transept.
About 674, Bishop Wilfrid built the
church of St. Andrew, and it was added
to and adorned by Bishop Acca, who suc-
ceeded him in 709. In length, breadth,
beauty, this Saxon church was esteemed
the most glorious temple on this side of
the Alps. In plan it was probably cruci-
form, like the present building. It was
surrounded by porches and aisles. Relics
were placed on altars, divided by arches
in the walls of the church, and in the
porches. In an inner porch of the south
porch (or transept) was the altar of St.
MichaeL There were gates to the choir.
The arch (apse) of the sanctuary con-
tained the high altar, which is also de-
scribed as within the canceUi of the
church. To the right of the altar were
brought the relics of Bishop Acca, to the
400
Antiquarian and Literary Inteltigencer.
[Oct.
left those of Bishop Alkmund. Near the
altar was also the fridstool, or chair of
peace of the fugitives to the sanctuary.
Ill a chapel or porch of stone on the south
of the sanctuary were the relics of Bishop
Katu. Behind the great altar was an
eastern member of the church, called St.
Peter's porch; and in the churchyard
eastward of the church were buried
Bishops Acca and Alkmund before their
translation. At the head and foot of
Acca's grave were crosses, described as of
exquisite carving On that at the head
was an inscription stating his burial.
These saints were afterwards transported
near the altar, as above mentioned ; and
in or about the twelfth century were ar-
ranged differently, for behind the altar a
chest contained the relics of Bishops Frid-
bert and Tilbert, on the north of them
was a tomb containing those of Acca and
Alkmund, and on the south were those of
Eata. Of the place of two other burials
in the church, those of King Elfwald (mur-
dered in 788) and Bishop Ethelbert, we
know nothing.
The Saxon church had crypts and walls
of three stories, supported by columns
with coloured capitals. Sculptures and
paintings also adorned the arch of the
simctuary and the walls. There were
spires and towers ; and galleries of compli-
cated plttns and secret oratories occupied
every part, so that crowds co ild stand
around unseen by those in the body of the
church.
The early bishops ceased. The Danes
overran everything. A race of hereditary
priests succeeded, for the clergy were
married in those days (even Wilfrid had a
son), and great was the outcry when a
conpulsory celibacy was commanded. An
end came to the family of parish priests,
and in 1113 Hexham became the residence
of a prior and monks. Only part of Wil-
frid's minster existed some years after-
wards, an I extensive reparations and re-
buildings must have taken place, at what
time we know not. The existing tran-
septs, tower, and choir bear evidence of
erection about 1200 or 1210, the north
transept or its aisle being perhaps a little
later than the rest. In 1296 the church
8
and a schoolhouse were burnt. It is sap-
posed that after this event the nave was
never again put in order. The " Old
School" (recently called the Lady-chapel,
not upon any evidence) was a Decorated
building (a sort of eastern transept) of the
fourteenth century, and the east end of
the choir against which it abutted was of
a similar date.
Latterly, the church was cruciform. It
has a central tower. There is the site of
a nave and ^sles used as a churchyard,
and covering a crypt of several partsi, and
greatly resembling the crypt of Ripon,
also of Wilfrid's foundation. The two
transepts have an eastern aisle. That of
the north transept is divided into three
chapels. A passage at the east end of the
south transept has an eastern door, and
supports a gallery reached from the inte-
rior by a massive flight of stone steps, out
of which gallery are doors leading into a
small chamber above the doorway, and into
a room above the chapter-house, which ad-
joined this transept on the south. The
little roam above the doorway, with its
scanty lights, can hardly be other than
a chamber for those who admitted fugi-
tives, like similar chambers above the nave
doors of Durham and Beverley sanctuary-
churches. The choir has two aisles. l*o
that at the south was a small porch or
chapel (still remembered) approached from
the church by an extant doorway, near to
which on the west is a small piscina.
Near to the altar stood the fridstool, and
in the grades of punishment no fine could
assoil the offender who violated the sanc-
tuary by seizing a fugitive seated in that
chair or at the relics behind the altar.
Between two pillars on the north was a
most perfect little chantry chapel of a
prior Richard, whose monogram, composed
of R L, are scattered over the buildings.
Between two other pillars on the south
was the monumental slab of Robert Ogle»
who died in 1410, covered by a wooden
canopy or shrine, the roof of which was
covered with crescents, not red on white,
as one might expect from the family of
Ogle having red crescents as arms and
badge, bat white on red. At the west of
the choir was and is an elaborate rood-
I860.] Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-vpori'Tyne,
401
screen in its proper place, with paintings
of patrons and saints, and of the Dance of
Death, erected by a prior Thomas S. ; his
surname is unknown. Against the interior
of the screen were the usual miserere seats
turning eastward between the columns.
To the east of the choir, as already no-
ticed, was the Old School, with an altar
against its cast wall, on the front of which
was the monogram of Prior Richard.
Very considerable alterations have re-
cently been made. The Old School has
been pulled down, and the Decorated east
end of the church, which had already seen
changes, has given way to an Early Eng-
lish one. The stone marked with Prior
Richard's monogram which occupied the
centre of the Old School now serves the
masons to work on. It will, we presume,
be preserved ; and the fridstool, which is
removed, will doubtless find its way back
to its interesting place of sanctity. Prior
Richard's shrine is removed to the south
transept aisle. The Ogle shrine and its
interesting paintings have disappeared,
and its slab been placed in the aisle. The
miserere seats are removed to the east
end of the church, and placed along the
side walls. Several minor details have
been freshly cut, and some added.
Mr. Fairless, whose presence at Hexham
is truly valuable, has fortunately been
able to preserve some portions of the
Ogle slirine; of screen -work marked
with an eagle alternately with a horn
between three Ws on a shield; of Saxon
stringwork, composed of balusters with
diagonal and horizontal cables and lines
between, and, most important of all, a
large portion of a rich Saxon cross, deli-
cately knotted with grapes. This last
feature turned up under the Old School,
and can scarcely be other than one of the
crosses of Acca's grave.
The chapter-house of Hexham presents
some interesting features. Amongst them
are bases of arcade shafts underneath
windows, without apparent junction of
any springers from them in connection
with the outer members of the window
mouldings. Westward of the chapter-
house and south of the nave is the side of
the cloister. At the west end of it is a
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
very rich arcade of early Decorated pedi-
ments, the central compartment being the
largest and highest.
Most of these features were pointed out
to the visitors, and in addition may be
mentioned three effigies, one of an Ayden,
another of a lady with a wimple, and a
third of an Umfreville, corresponding in
date with the lawless baron who died in
1307. Besides these were seen lying in
the north transept part of a Saxon coped
and tiled tomb, and the head of a knotted
cross, the latter discovered under the Old
School.
Outside, several early slabs were ex-
amined, with an arcaded Saxon stone like
the top of a rude canopy. Wilfrid's crypt,
fnll of ornamental Roman stones, was de-
scended, and thereupon Dr. Bruce read a
paper, claiming Roman origin for Hexham,
founded on, 1. The early greatness of
Hexham, and the custom of the Saxons
to settle on Roman sites and to work up
Roman materials; 2. The truly Roman
character of the site chosen; 3. The for-
mation of the crypt out of Roman mate-
rials, and the occurrence of other Romau
fragments at and near the town, it being
very improbable that, with good quarries
in the immediate vicinity, these stones
would be laboriously brought a distance
of four miles from Corbridge ; 4. The dis-
covery of a connected chain of Roman
earthenware water-pipes in situ near the
Manor Office; 5. The probable antiquity
of the roads branching from Hexham.
After also inspecting Errington's grave,
where the great Hexham find of styca^
occurred, and passing the abbey gateway
and Sir Reynold Caruaby's insignia dated
1539, the party crossed the beautiful " Seal"
to the house of Mr. Fairless, who played a
tune on the real old unimpaired Northum-
brian pipes while his store of relics was
examined. In addition to items before
enumerated, and many others, there was a
fine but stiffly carved Saxon cross from
the remains of St. Mary's, another of Wil-
frid's chnrcbes, and formerly a parochial
structure. The district is rich in such
objects. Dilston and Spital also yield
specimens; and Prior Richard, in pre-
paring his shrine, has evidently bcea
8b
402
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Oct.
imitating Saxon knotwork and rude
figures.
At Warden, the vicar (the Rev. Mr,
Shield) shewed a most remarkable early
monument in his churchyard, a kind of
Saxon headstone, copied as to form from
the front of a Roman altar, bearing an
upright figure derived from a Roman
funereal stone, and furnished with a little
loose knotting, just enough to filch it from
all-devouring Rome. Dr. Bruce had re-
cently observed, in the walls of Wroxeter
Church, Saxon copies of the 23rd legion's
boar, and of the Dece Matres.
Some delay now took place with one
section of the party in consequence of
Mr. Fairless's sudden indisposition, which
obliged him most reluctantly to abandon
further progress. Both parties, en routes
climbed the grand old camp of Warden-
hill, rudely ramparted with loose stones,
and covered with circular evidences of
semi-civilized dwellings. At Walwick
Grange, Mrs. Colbeck invited the anti-
quaries to view an imposing old chest,
richly dight with "Abraham's Sacrifice"
and quaint renaissance work. There did
not seem to be any good grounds for the
tradition that it was the parish chest of
Hexham.
After a charming walk by the banks of
North Tyne, the boating hands of some of
the savans were employed in ferrying their
comrades across to the great attraction of
the day, the lately excavated abutment of
the Roman bridge at Cilurnum. The work
was found on examination to exceed all
reasonable expectation. It is vast and
wonderful. Mr. Cail, to whom the Sodety
has before been indebted for bringing
practical experience to bear on questions
of masonry, instantly detected a water
pier imbedded in what was afterwards an
abutment, and decided distinctions of
masonry. The ground, then, was proba-
bly undergoing rapid change in the time
of the Romans. The pier was very near
the termination of the Roman Wall, and
both bridges were probably only of plank
on piers. Dr. Bruce was of opinion that
the bridge was altered by Severns, and
that to him are to be ascribed the decora-
tive building-stones found in Hexham
crypt, and in several other places in the
Wall district. It should be mentioned
that a chamber occurs in the original work,
just such as builders use for lightness and
economy. In this case, a covered passage
was seen striking diagonally across the
empty space. The abutment on the other
side was also inspected. It is principally
under water.
Following the wall up the hill, the sta-
tion of Cilurnum was reached, now a rich
levelled pasture, but formerly shewing
strong indications of narrow streets and
buildings. Some of these have been ex-
cavated, but a great field exists all arour.d
for systematic and extensive additions to
the interest attached to the spot.
The exploration was brought to an end
by a visit to Mr. Clayton's mansion at
Chesters, where many relics of antiquity
are collected ; and after refireshments there,
the party returned to Newcastle.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAKD.
July 2. At the last meeting of the
session. Professor J. Y. Simpson, one of
the Vice-Presidents, in the chair, on a
ballot, the Rev. Cosmo Reid Gordon was
admitted a Fellow.
From a statement read by the Secretary,
it appeared that, since the removal of the
Museum to the Royal Institution last
year, there had been presented by 82
donors 387 separate articles, consisting of
miscellaneous articles of antiquity, books,
and coins; that 23 new members had
been admitted to the Society during the
session now closed; and that since the
1st of January last there had been 36,412
visitors to the Museum.
The following communications were
read: —
I. — 1. Notice of a Cist opened on the
Land of Roseisle, Morayshire, in May last ;
2. Notice of Photo-Zincography as appli-
cable to Representation of Manuscripts,
Seals, and other Objects of Antiquity;
3. Of some Early Notices of Wheel Car-
I860.]
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
403
riages used in the Streets of Edinburgh.
By Cosmo Innes, Esq., F.S.A. Scot.
In the first of these papers, Mr. Innes
gave an account of the cist at Boseisle,
which had been opened in his presence.
It contained an urn and bones, and was
not marked by any unusual features; but
it is so important to add to our store of
authentic facts regarding early modes of
burial, that every minute account of an
opened cist is desirable for the purposes of
the Society.
In the second paper, Mr. Innes noticed
the process followed by Colonel James in
the reduction of the Ordnance maps, and
read a letter from that gentleman as to its
applicability in the representation of seals
aiul MSS.
In the third paper, Mr. Innes gave some
curious notices of the sleds and wheel car-
riages used in Edinburgh in the early part
and middle of the seventeenth century.
II. On tbe Thule of the Ancients. By
W. H. Fotheringham, Esq., F.S.A. Scot.
Mr. Stuart stated that the writer of
this learned paper had given a resume of
the statements on the subject of the Thule
of the ancients as they appeared in clas-
sical, media3val, and modern authorities,
and had come to the conclusion that Shet-
land was the land referred to. He read
a curious passage given by Mr. Fother-
ingham from the works of Dicuil, an Irish
monk of the ninth century, and added that
the subject would be better understood
when the paper appeared as a whole in
the Transactions of the Society.
III. Notice of several coffins (formed of
stone slabs) found on the farm of Milton,
Haddingtonshire. By Mr. W. T. M'Cul-
loch. Keeper of the Museum.
It appeared that in recently removing
sand for building purposes from the "burial
knowe" several stone coffins were found.
This led to father investigation by Mr.
M'Culloch personally, when he disinterred
other three coffins. They were formed of
slabs of stone, and the bodies were found
laid out at full length, but neither arms
nor ornaments were found.
Several donations were announced, as,
a rare and valuable collection, consisting
of — 1. Twenty silver Scottish coins; 2.
Five gold Scottish coins ; 3. Thirteen silver
medals; 4. Twenty-one bronze medals;
5. Five gold rings; 6. One silver ring;
7. Three silver brooches; 8. One bronze
brooch. Bequeathed to tbe museum, with
MS. detailed description, by the late W.
W. Hay Newton, Esq., of Newton, for-
merly one of the vice-presidents of the
Society. — Charter chest of the family of
Lundin Auchtermairnie. By James Lundin
Brown, Esq., M.D., of Auchtermairnie,
through James Brown, Esq., accountant.
— 1. Quaich of ebony and ivory, silver
mounted, given by Prince Charles Ed-
ward to a gentleman in Forfarshire, by
whom it was presented to the late Mr.
David Deuchar, Momingside ; 2. Embos-
sed ivory snuff-box, silver mounted, pre-
sented by the Count d'Artois, while living
m Holyrood in 1796, to Mr. David Deu-
char; 3. Palm leaf with inscription, brought
from Burmah by Major Deuchar. By Cap-
tain Deuchar, R.N. — 1. Stone urn con-
taining burnt bones, found in the island
of Rousay, Orkney; 2. Round stone im-
plement, found at the Girth-house of
Orphir, Orkney; 3. Round stone resem-
bling a small grin ding-stone, found in an
undergroimd chamber near the Girth-
house, Orphir, Orkney. By David Bal-
four, Esq., of Balfour, F.S.A. Scot., Ac.
SUSSEX ARCHJEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Aut;. 8. The annual meeting was held
at Pevensey, the Lobd BisnoF of Chi-
chester presiding.
The extremely unfavourable weather
did not prevent the intended visits to
Westbam Church and llerstmonceux
Ciustlo, though it may fairly be questioned
whether either place received as much at-
tention as it would have done in other
circumstances. The dinner was held in a
marquee in Pevensey Castle, and after the
cloth had been removed, the business of
the day was transacted.
Among the company were — The Lord
Bishop of Chichester (in the chair) ; Rev.
Edward Turner, Maresfield; Rev. H.
404,
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Oct
Browne, Bailiff of Pevensey; W. D.
Cooper, Esq., F.S.A., London; H. Catt,
Esq., Brighton; TliomRS Ross, Esq., Has-
tings ; W. H. Blaauw, Esq , F.S.A.,
Beechland; W. D. L. Shadwell, Esq.,
Hastings; Rev. G. M. Cooper, Wilming-
ton; M. A. Lower, Esq., F.S.A.; Sir
Walter Stirling, Bart.; J. G. Dodson,
Esq., M.P. ; J. G. Blencowe, Esq., M.P.;
R. W. Blencowe, Esq. ; the Ven. Arch-
deacon Otter; Rev. Thomas Cooke,
Brighton; H. W. Diamond, Esq., M.D.,
Twickenham-house ; Col. Paine, Patcham ;
J. A. Hunkey, Esq., together with many
ladies.
The Hon. Secretary (R. W. Blencowe,
Esq.) read the report, which gave a very
favourable view of the state of the Society ;
announced that the tweUth volume of the
Transactions was ready, and proposed
nearly twenty new members, who were
elected.
Of Hcr&tmonceux Castle the following
account has been published in vol. iv. of
the Archajological Collections issued by
the Society : —
" This building was erected in the year
11 W), by Sir Roger de Fynes, at a cost of
£3,800. A munor-housc had previously
occupied the site, and had been the seat,
successively, of the De Hersts, the De
Monceuxs, and the Fyneses, from the time
of the Conquest. To the park which had
pieviously existed, Sir Roger added 600
acres of land. His son Richard Fynts,
slicrilV of Surrey and Sussex in 1452, mar-
ried Joan, heiress of Thos. Lord Dacre,
and was in her right summoned to Parlia-
ment, and declared Baron Dacre of the
South in 1 158. Thomas, the second Lord
D.icre, distinguished himself as a soldier,
and was constable of Calais. He died in
1534, and was buried under a magnificent
altar-tomb in Ilerstmonceux Chirch. His
grandson and suciessor, Thos. Lord Dacre,
associates this place with a very tragical
event. Eni^aging in the foolish and un-
lawful frolic of huntiu,: de*r in the park
of his nt'ij^hbour. Sir Nicholas Pelham, at
Ikllingly, a fnjy took ])lace between his
companions and tlie Knight's gamekeepers,
which resulted in the death of one of the
latter. For this Lord Dacre was held
resp(msible, and he, together with three
of his gentlemen, Mantel, Fro^vds, and
Koidon, were executed at St. Thomas Wa-
terings, 29th June, 1541. This event has
been dramatized by Mrs. Gore, in her
'Dacre of the South;' and it is the
subject of a ballad in Mr. Lower's * Con-
tributions to Literature.' Gregory, sod
of this unfortunate baron, succeeded to
the title, but died unmarried. His sister
Margaret espoused Sampson Lennard, Esq.,
and was recognised as Baroness Dacre.
They resided much at the Castle, aud
added much to its internal decorations.
" Tlie castle aud estate remained in the
Lennard family until the time of Thomas
Lord Dacre, created Earl of Sussex by
Charles II. He improved the castle by the
addition of sash windows on the east side ;
but losing a great part of his estate by
extravagance and gambling, was obliged
to sell Herstmonceux, the seat of his an-
cestors from the Conquest.
'* In 1708 the estate became the pro-
perty of George Naylor, Esq., of Lincoln's
Inn, who married a sister of Thos. Pelham,
Duke of Newcastle. His successor was
his kinsman. Dr. Francis Hare, Bishop of
Chichester, and the latter left the castle
to his son, Francis Naylor. In 1775 it
devolved upon his half-brother, the Ker.
Robert Hare, but was then considered to
be so dilapidated as to be past repair.
The interior was therefore demolished,
and the materials were employed in add-
iug to the mansion called Herstmonceuz-
place. From F. Hare Naylor, Esq., in
1807 the estate passed by sale to Thomas
Read Kemp, Esq. In 1819 it was pur-
chased by the Gillon family. In 1846
Jno. Gillon, Esq., M.P., sold it to H. B.
Curteis, Esq., M.P., father of Herbert
Mascali Curteis, Esq., the present owner.
The castle is accounted one of the earliest
brick buildings in England It is also
among the latest specimens of a castle,
I^roperly so called; possessing much of
the grandeur, with little of the strength,
of the feudal fortress of earlier times.
When in full repair it was considered the
largest house in England belonging to a
subject. Addison's comedy, * The Drum-
mer, or Tlie Haunted House,' is said to be
based u])on a tradition connected with
this mansion. The room immediately over
the porter's-loilge was known as Drum-
mer's-hall, from the loud 'spirit-rapping^
formerly carried on there."
In connexion with Pevensey, Mr. Dur-
rant Cooper read an unpublished letter
from the State Paper OiBce. It was the
production of a Sussex notability, Andrew
Borde (the original Merry Andrew), and
was addressed to Lord Cromwell : —
" After humble salutation, — With dne
reverence I certify your lordship that I
18G0.]
Sussex ArchcBological Society.
405
am now in Scotland, in a little university
or study, named Glasgow, where I study
and practice physic, as I have done in
divers rej:ions, providing for the sustenta-
tion of my being j assuring you that in
these parts tliat I am in, the king's grace
hath many enemies, and in manner all
manner of persons (except some scholas-
tical men), that be his adversaries and
ppeaketh pernicious wo^ds. I resort to
the Scottish king's house, and the Earl of
Aryn, named Hamilton, and to the Lord
Ovyndale, named Stuart, and to many
lords and ladies, as well spiritual as tem-
poral, and truly I know their minds, for
they taketh me for a Scottish man's son,
f(iY I name mvself Carre, and so the Carres
eiiUoth me cousin, through the which I
am in the more favour. Shortly to con-
clude, trust you no Scot, (for they will
use tlattering words, and all is falsehood).
" I suppose, verily, that you have in Eng-
land by three or four thousand Scots and
innumerable other aliens, which doth (spe-
cially the Scots) much harm to the king's
liege men through their evil words; for as*
I went through England I met, and was
in company of, rural folks. Englishmen
that love not our gracious king. Would
to Jesus that some were punished to give
others example ; would to Jesus also that
you had not an alien in your realm, spe-
cially Scots, for I never knew alien good
to England, and except they knew profit,
and it were of gold to them. In all the
places of Christendom where I have tra-
velled in I kuow not five Englishmen
inhabitants, except only Scots for lucre.
I pray to Jesus that aliens do in England
no more harm to England. If I might
do England any service, specially to my
sovereign lord the king, or to you, I would
do it, to si)end and put my life in danger
and jeopardy of, as far as any man, God
be my judge. You have my heart, and
shall be sure of the utmost of my poor
power, for I am never able to make you
amends for when I was in gi*eat thraldom,
both bodily and ghostly, you of your gen-
tleness set me at liberty and clearness of
conscience. Also I thank your mastership
for your great kindness, that you shewed
nic at Bishop's Waltham, and that you
gave me lic( use to come to you once in a
quarter. As soon as I come home I intend
to come to you to submit myself to you to
do with me what you will. For lack of
wit, peradventure I mny in that writing
sa\ , what shall not content you, but God
be my judge I mean truly both to my
sovereign lord the king and to you.
When 1 was kept in thraldom in the
Cliarter House, and knew nought of the
king's majesty's acts, nor yours, they stul-
tifyingly threw sinestrall works and I did
as many of the others doth, but, after that
I was at liberty, manifestly I observed the
ignorance and blindness that they and I
was in ; for I could now know nothing of
no manner of matter, but only by them,
and they would cause me write full in-
cipiently to the Prior of London*, when
he was in the Tower before he was put to
execution, for the which I trust your mas-
tership hath pardoned me, for God know-
eth I was kept in prison straightly, and
glad I was to write at their request, but I
wrote nothing that I thought should be
against my prince, nor you, nor no other
man. I pray God that you may provide a
good prior for that place at London, for
truly there be many wilful and obstinate
young men that standeth too much on their
own conceit, and will not be reformed, but
playeth the children, and a good prior
would so serve them like children. News
I have none to write to you, but I pretend
to be with you shortly, for I am half weary
of this barren country, as Jesus Christ
knoweth, who did keep you in health and
good. From Leith a mUe from Edinbro*,
the first day of April, by the hand of your
poor scholar and servant,
"Andhbw Boobde, Pries!-."
The letter was listened to with much
interest, and \ at its close the Rev. H.
Browne, Rector (and Bailiflf) of Pevensey,
jocularly remarked that Andrew must
have had some grudge against the cor-
poration of Pevensey, or he would not
have written what he did. It was clear
• The allusion to the vacancy in the office of
prior of the Charterhouse enables us to fix as
the date of the letter the summer of 1535. The
viHitation of the Charterhouse began in April
1534, the inmates refUsed to take the oath of
supremacy, whereupon John Howgton, the
prior, and Iluraphrey Midylmore, the pro-
curator, were imprisoned in the Tower. After
a month's confinement they took the oath, and
on the 29th of May a certificate of conformity
was given. On the 6th of June, Andrew Boorde,
one of the presb^lers (with others), also con-
formed. A year afterwards (29th April. 1535),
the same prior with two other Carthusian priors,
a monk of Sion, and the Vicar of Islewortb, were
convicted of high treason; and on the 4tb of
May drawn, hanged, and quartered. In the next
month, Humphrey Midylmore, the procurator,
and two monks, William Exmcw and Sebastian
Newdigate, were also apprehended, condemned,
and executed.— J?'/6<T< Smythe'a Historical Ac*
count of the Charterhouse.
406
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer
[Oct
that some of his tales of the wise men
of Gotham had reference to the local
usages of Pevensey, especially the capital
punishment intended to have been inflicted
by "drowning the eel;" the freemen
felons of that as well as other Cinque
Ports being by the Custumal to be
drowned, whilst strangers were to be
hung. It had been supposed that the
''Merry Tales of Gotham" was the only
exclosiyely facetious work of Boorde ; but
Uearne {Reliq, ed. Bliss, p. 822) thought
that he also wrote the ** History of Tom
Thumb."
The weather cleared up in the evemng^
and a pleasant walk through the grounds
of the castle brought the proceedings to
a dose.
MISCELLANEA.
French Mohfmbnts. — A few months
since the section of archoology of the
Committee of Historical Works charged
some of its members with the mission of
studying the question as to the origin and
importance of a coUecticm of drawings
known by the name of the "Gagni^res
Collection," in the Bodleian Library at
Oxford. A report has been made by M.
Dauban, in the name of the Commission,
to the Minister of Public Instruction, re-
commending that the Imperial Library
should complete the collection it already
possesses by making copies of those at
Oxf«>rd. The collection of Gagni^res, who
was tutor to the sons of the Grand Dau-
phin, was given in 1711 by that savant to
King Louis XIV. It was composed of a
number of drawings of the tombs of the
lloyal family, and other great houses of
France, arranged in provinces, and was
placed in the lioyal, now the Imperial,
Library, but a part filling twenty -five
volumes disappeared from that establish-
ment between the years 1785 and 1801.
By comparing the list of the drawings
now in the library at Oxford with the de-
tailed catalogue of the Gagnidres Collec-
tion, as drawn up in 1815 by Clairambault,
no doubt can exist but that those now in
the Oxford library belonged to the lost
portion. At the recommendation of the
commission, the Minister charged M. Jules
Frappaz, an experienced artist, to make
copies of the complete collection at Ox-
ford, which is composed of about 3,000
subjects. Some of them have been already
finisluKl, and the execution has been much
admired. The curators of the l^xUeian
Library, aud the chief librarian, Dr. Ban-
dinel, received M. Frappaz in the kindest
manner, and have given him erery imcility
for the accomplishment of his work. —
Galignani.
MbDIJSYAL M0NU3fENTS IK FSANCX. —
There has lately been discovered behind
the altar of the church of Dauheaf, (in the
Eure,) a tomb of the 13th century hitherto
unnoticed. The slab is sculptured in relief,
and represents a knight in armour, lying
on his back, with his head resting on a
cushion. His sword is attached to a belt
round his waist, and on his knees lies a
shield. It is supposed to be the tomb of
Odo IV., lord of Ham and Daubeof, who
joined the fourth crusade, ▲.D. 1200, was
present at the taking of Constantinople
in 1202, and who died in 1230.
In another quarter an interesting mona*
ment has by timely interference been saved
from impending destruction : — "When the
hamlet of Louvicamp (Seine-Infi^ricnre)
was incorporated with the parish of Mesnil-
Mauger In 1832, the old church being no
longi-r required, was sold and pulled down.
For six centuries there bad lain in its
chancel a stone sepulchral statue, larger
than life, and supposed to he that of the
Lady of Louvicamp, the foundress of the
church. The inhabitants requested the
purchaser of the church to let them retain
it. He consented, and the statue was re*
moved to the church of Mesnil -Mauger,
where it remained outside the entrance,
exposed to all weathers, until recently,
when it attracted the attention of the
Abb^ Cochet, who applied to the prefect^
and in cousetjuence the statue is now placed
inside the church." — Oalignani,
I860.]
407
Correclpontience of ^elbantis; Bvhm,
[^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeahle, for
publication, hut in order that a copy of the Gentlemait's Maqazike containing
their Communications may heforvxM'ded to themJ]
A VISITATION OF ARMS IN THE UNIVERSITY AND TOWN OF
CAMBRIDGE.
Paet I. No. II.
ABMS ON MONUMENTS AND IK STAINED GLASS IK THE TOWK CH17BCHSS.
St. Andrew the Less.
On a monument to Jacob Butler, Esq,,
1765, (formerly standing on the north
wall of the chancel, but lately removed to
the churchyard,) two shields, each —
f 1, 4. Butler, Az., a chevron between 3
covered cups or.
2. Aglionby, Arg., 2 bars, and in chief
3 martlets sab.
3. Ferrahy, Arg., a star of 8 rays gu.,
on chief az., 3 water-bougets or.
Crest, a horse's head erased arg.
St. Benedict,
1. On a monument to John Peirse, of
Corpus Christi College, son of John
Peirse of Bedale, co. York, 1652. Az.,
a ducal coronet between 3 crosslets
fitchee or.
Crest, a crosslet fitchee or, sur-
mounted by a mural crown.
2. On a monumeut to Henry Oostliny,
B.D., 1674. Gu., a chevron between
3 crescents erm.
3. On a monument to Sandys Peyton,
Oent., 1682, son of Sir Henry Peyton,
of Isleham, Bart. Sab., a cross eng.
or., in first quarter a mullet arg.
4. On a monument to Francis Wood-
ward, of Cambridge, Oent., 1750.
Sab., 3 bars and canton or.
5. On a monument to Sarah, daughter
of Samuel Newton, Oent., 1724. Sab.,
2 shank bones in saltire arg.
St. Botolph.
1. On a monument to Thomas Plaifer,
D.D., 1609. Gu., a fleur-de-lys or.
2. On a monument to Wm. Lillie, Oent.,
1737. Gu., 3 lilies slipt arg., 2, 1.
St. Clement.
1. On a flat stone to Roger Thompson,
Esq., 1750. On a chevron between
3 roundles, each charged with a mart-
let, 3 escallops, impaling a lion ramp,
and border eng.
2. On a flat stone to Matthew Wildhore,
Oent., 1689, and WilUam Pedder,
Oent., 1683, three shields in one,
one in chief, the others per pale in
base : —
^. BracJcenhury, In chief, arg., 3
chevrons braced in base az.
2. Wildbore, In dexter base, arg.,
a fess between 2 boars passant sab.
3. Pedder, In sinister base, 3 eagles
displayed, 2, 1.
Crest, a lion oouchant under a tree.
3. On a flat stone to Daniel Lowe,
alderman, 1707. Arg., 3 bars gu., in
chief 3 lions* heads erased of the last ;
impaling a bend eng. between 2 lions'
heads erased.
Crest, a lion's head erased.
Cole mentions the following atchieve-
ment : —
1. 6. Oill, Arg., 2 chevrons az., on each
3 mullets arg., on canton gu. a lion
pass, guard, or.
2. CUll, Lozengy arg. az., a lion ramp. or.
3. Canon, Arg. on fess between 3 crosses
pat^e gu. 3 martlets or.
4. Arg., 3 bars gu., in chief 3
mullets az.
5. Sudeley, Or, 2 bendlets gu.
Crest, a demi-eagle displayed az.,
winged or.
408
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Oct
St. Edwabd.
In stained glass in the east ^dndow four
shields : —
1. Trinity Hall, Sab., a crescent and
border eng. erm.
2. Mortlock, Erm., a fret, sab., on chief
az. 3 fleurs-dc-lys arg.
3. Trinity Hall imp. Balling, Erm., on
bend sab. 3 acorns or.
4. Hohson, Or, on fess between 2 chev-
rons sab. 3 billets arg.
Arms on the monuments : —
1. Thomas Lomhe, solicitor, 1789. Vert,
a crescent between 2 combs in fess ;
in chief a spear fessways, in base a
weaver's shuttle, all arg.
2. John Mortlock, merchant, 1754.
Mortlock as above.
8. Otoen Mayfield, alderman and mayor,
d. 1685. Ga., a cross eng. erm., in
the two upper quarters a sprig of
may blossoming or.
4. Elizaheth, wife of Cornelius Hatton,
of Harborough, co. Leicester, 1732.
Az., a chevron between 3 g&rbs or.
5. Charles Buxton, B.A,, Fellow of
Clare Hall, 1682, son of Robert Bux-
ton, ^Esq.y of Tibenham, co. Norfolk.
^ 1, 4. Buxton, Or, a lion ramp, sab.,
V tail turned over the head.
1 2, 3. Or, 2 stags couchant in
V. pale gu.
6. Lydia Qillam, 1793. Sab., a horse's
head erased between 3 sinister hands
coupcd arg., border or.
7. Samuel Blythe, D.D., of Doncaster,
CO. York, Master of Clare Hall, 1690.
Arg., a chevron gu. between 3 lions
ramp. sab. ; in chief the arms of
Clare Hall
8. IVances, widow of Edmund Half-
hyde, apothecary, 1727. Arg., 2 chev-
rons braced in fess sab. ; in chief az.
3 cinqucfoils or.
9. Judith, wife of Thomas Craske, M.D.,o
of St. John's College, 16 — . Arg., a
chevron between 3 fleurs-de-lys sab.j
in chief gu. 3 loeenges or.
10. John Griffith, M.A., 1686. Gu., a
chevron erm. between 3 human heads
in profile couped at the neck pp'.
11. Thomas Buck, Esq., 1669. Vert, a
bend between 2 bucks trippant eiin«
9
12. William Beche, Esq,, 1614. Gu.,
on a cross moline arg. 5 mullets sab.
Cole mentions the following coat of
arms on the altar-cloth in his time:
Or, a chevron nebuly arg. az. between 3
Cornish coughs pp'.
St. Giles.
1. On a brass inscription, gone, 2 shields^
each a fess, and in chief 3 cocks.
2. On a monument to Nicholas Carre,
Regius Professor of Cfreek, 1569.
2 shields :— •
1. Begius Professorship of Cfreek,
Per chevron arg. sab., in chief the
letters alpha aud omeg^ in base a
grasshopper, all counterchanged ;
on a chief gu. a lion pass, goard. or,
on his shoulder a text ® sab. ; imp.
Per chevron ... 3 unicorns' heads
erased counterchanged, Carre,
2. Carre, Imp. on a chevron 8 molleti^
in chief as many fleurs-de-lys.
Crest, a unicorn's head erased.
St. Petes.
1. On a monument to Boheri Wynnes
1745. Gu., a Saracen's head affront^
erased pp% wreathed round the tem-
ples arg.
2 On a flat- stone to Thomat Tbipat-
hend, 1714. Az., a chevron erm. be-
tween 3 escallops arg.
The Holy Sbfulchsb.
1. On a monument to John JBrtMm^
Gent, Gu., a fess cheeky arg. az. be-
tween 3 lozenges or, on each a martlet
sab.
Crest, on a whale's head erect and
erased az., between 2 sprigs vert,
flowered az., 3 besants in bend
cottized or.
Before the late restoration of the chmtjh
the following shields were on the roof oi
the chancel.
1. East Anglia, Az., 3 ducal coronets
or, 2, 1.
2. CW^<>/<f, Quarterly, arg. sab., on each
quarter a hand or foot counterchanged,
in fess a heart gu.
3. Arg., a cross eng. between 4
martlets gu.
4. on a cross 9 escallops.
John H. Spssudtq.
Wicken Bectory, Bishop Stor(fordf
Aug., 1860.
I860.] 409
BECKET OR ST. THOMAS ?
Mr. Ukban, — I do not think Mr. Robertson's letter at all conclusive on
the point in dispute, — was Archbishop Thomas of Canterbury known to
his contemporaries as Becket so certainly as to waiTant us in calling him
so in an accurate historical investigation ?
It is plain that his father was called Becket, and plain also that his mur-
derers and King Henry VIII., by way of derision, applied to him the same
surname. Such a use of it cannot touch the real question. St. Thomas
lived at a time when surnames were coming into use, but when the use of
them was anything but general. Of all the bishops of the century, down
to 1162, only Henry Murdac, Archbishop of York, and Walter Durdent,
Bishop of Lichfield, have names similar to Becket. All the rest, with the
exception of the Peches and Ffolliotts, bore either patronymics, territorial
names, or nicknames, like Seffrid Pelochin, Herv^ Cruste, and Ralph Luffa.
Peche is, however, on the roll of Battle Abbey ; Ffolliott is also a Con-
quest family ; Murdac appears under the form of Filius Murdac on another
ancient roll of the Conqueror's followers.
Is it more likely that Becket was an exception to an almost general
usage among ecclesiastics, or that at a late date when surnames were
common, and it became necessary to find one for him, the name which his
father had borne, and perhaps his relations as well, should come con-
veniently to hand? Certainly, in his time, seisin was required for the
ownership of a name as well as for that of a fief.
I am not ignorant that, even after surnames were common^ ecclesiastics
denied themselves the use of them in a way most puzzling and incon*
venient to historians and genealogists ; for example, William of Wykeham
and the innumerable aliases of the sixteenth century. But this seems to
be a continuation of the earlier custom. The truest parallel case with
St. Thomas is St. Edmund. Both were archbishops of Canterbury ; both
have had successors of the same Christian name ; both were canonized by
Rome ; both were ejected from the Calendar by King Henry VIII., yet
no one ever talks or writes of Archbishop Rich.
Of course, if it be an inconvenient affectation to call a man by the name
he bore among his contemporaries, no further discussion is needed ; but
historians would do well to remember the absurd mistakes into which the
practice of modernizing surnames has led able writers. When shall we
have heard for the last time of Archbishop Roger of Bishopsbridge,
i.e. Pont I'Eveque ; or of Bishop Sawbridge, i.e. John of Pontoise, Latinej
Pontiserra or Pontisara ? The learned Richardson, editor of Godwin, quotes
an annotator who, anxious to find a surname for Bishop Savaric of Wells,
calls him Barlowinwac, consolidating him with Baldwin Wake, whose name
follows his in a passage in Hoveden. Much earlier still, Herbert de
Qbvt. MAa. Yoii. CCIX 8 o
410 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban, [Oct.
Losinga (i.e. of Lorraine) is construed to have received that name from
his propensity to leasing or glozing. On the same principle, Ralph Flam-
bard's name was explained; and a well-informed German historian de-
scribes the conqueror of CuUoden as called Duke of Cumberland from his
extreme corpulency.
I am, &c. "W. S. N.
THE " GUARDIAN" NEWSPAPER AND THE « NATIONAL
REVIEW."
Mr. Ukban, — In so far as the letter which you have printed from
** The Writer in the ' National Review' " relates to the question of Arch-
bishop Becket's name, I am content to rest my case on what I have already
written. Nor shall I attempt to reply to the many smart things which
your correspondent has said against me ; he is welcome to enjoy them as
long as he can, and to find believers and admirers for them if he can.
Perhaps, however, he may by-and-bye come to think (as I have long
thought) that the practice of writing smartly is not safe for any man who
wishes to avoid the sins of falsehood and injustice, and that such writings
however clever it may be, is after all considerably more silly than clever.
I should not, there ft re, now address you, except for the sake of protest-
ing against your correspondent's doctrine, that it is " no affair of* mine
whether the articles to which I have referred, in the ** Saturday Review,"
the ** Guardian," and the " National Review," be or be not the work of
the same writer — that " the only question for" me " is, whether the criticism
is true or false, not whether the critics are few or many."
To me, Sir, it appears that when an opinion (whether a critical opinion
or any other) is open to dispute, I am entitled to ask whether a number of
articles in different publications, which all agree in maintaining that opinion*
be the productions of so many different writers, or all come from the same
pen. It appears to mc that I should be entitled to ask this, not only if
I had myself put forth an opposite opinion, but merely as one of the public.
For I think it unfair that a man should impose his own particular crotchet
on the world as if it were a conclusion at which several men, each carry-
ing with him the authority of some periodical, had arrived by independent
study, or which, at least, they had sanctioned by their unanimous judg-
ment. And the unfairness is surely the greater if this imposture be carried
on under mai<ks so very various as those which I suppose your correspon-
dent to have assumed. It may be true, as " The Writer in the * National
Review* " says, that " whether the critics be one, two, three, or four, it
makes no difference to the value of the criticism ;** but it makes a great
difference as to the weight which an opinion will carry with it if we know
that its anonymous advocates in three or four discordant journals are
I860.] '^ Guardian!^ Newspaper and " National Review." 41 1
really one and the same person. For instance, a writer in the ** Quarterly
Review" some years ago argued that Thomas Lord Lyttelton was " Junius."
There can be no doubt that this theory would have been more likely to
meet with general acceptance if it had also been maintained in the '* Edin-
burgh Review,'* and still more, if to the authority of these two reviews had
been added that of the " Westminster'* and the " Dublin." And the effect
of such a consent would have been very much increased if the subject had
been one as to which the difference in general principles between the four
might have been expected to produce a disagreement. But what would
a plain man have thought if, in the supposed case, he had been informed
that the essays which, in his uncritical simplicity, he had perhaps been
attributing to Mr. Croker, Lord Macaulay, Mr. Stuart Mill, and Cardinal
Wiseman respectively, were all the work of one man, and that the
opinion which he had been disposed to believe on the united authority
of the Conservative, the Whig, the " Philosophical-radical," and the
Romanist organs had, after all, but a single champion ?
I do not believe that, if the law of this country required that contribu-
tions to periodical literature should be signed with the names of their
authors, any writer would have ventured on the iteration (to speak of
nothing worse) which is to be found in the articles in question. And,
while I should myself be sorry to see our law altered in this respect, it
seems to me that, if your correspondent has done what I believe him to
have done, it is such an abuse of the privilege of anonymous publication
as would furnish the advocates of the French system with a strong argu-
ment for the introduction of that system among ourselves.
As your correspondent asks for the name of the " fifth periodical" in
which I suppose him to have " turned his reading on the subject to
account," I am quite willing to tell him that it is your own venerable
Magazine, and that the reference is to a letter in the number for April,
which bears the signature of " Edward A. Freeman." If I am mistaken
in supposing Mr. Freeman (with whom it may be well to say that I have
never before had any quarrel, or indeed any communication whatever,)
to be the author of the articles in the " Guardian" and in the '* National
Review," I heartily beg his forgiveness for the wrong which I have in
that case done him.
Whoever the author may be, I have no doubt whatever that the two
criticisms which I have just mentioned are by the same hand. Your cor-
respondent seems to be angry with me for saying so ; but really the fault is
altogether his own, and, if he did not wish to be recognised as the writer
who had reviewed the same books in the " Guardian," he ought to have
made his articles more unlike each other. For in order to disguise his
identity effectually, it is not enough to express in the " National Review"
a suspicion that the credit of the Four Gospels would break down under
the test of such illustration as might be thrown on them by a comparison
412 Correspondence of Syhanus Urban: [Oct.
with the contemporary Lives of Becket — a suspicion of which I need not
say that no hint is given in the " Guardian."
Your correspondent has spoken of me as a person who " would perhaps
hardly believe that there are people who love truth for its own sake," and,
both in your pages and elsewhere, has used a great deal more of contemp-
tuous and insulting language towards me. As I have allowed all this to
pass without any answer, I trust that your readers will not misunderstand
my reasons for leaving unnoticed anything that he may say hereafter, even
if it should be still more outrageous than the worst things that he has
already said of me. I am, &c.,
Precincts y Canterhwy, Sept, 7, 1860. J. C. Robebtsok.
P.S. The Lives of Becket by Mr. Morris and myself are not the only
books which " The "Writer in the * National Review' " appears to have
reviewed in more places than one. For instance, the '* Saturday Review"
of September 15th contains a notice of Mr. Russell's " History of the
Norfolk Rebellion," which, if I may trust my memory, has so much in
common with the '* Guardian's" notice of the same book, that I can have
no doubt of their common authorship ; and there are marks which lead me
to attribute them both to your correspondent. I need not say anything
more as to the unfairness of such practices towards the public, nor need I
dwell on the injustice which is committed towards the author of a book
when a critic multiplies his single unfavourable opinion of it by reviewing
it in more than one periodical; but I must remark that proprietors,
editors, and readers have just cause of complaint against a writer who
supplies to two periodicals an article which is substantially the same.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN MEDLSTVAL LONDON.
Mb. Urban, — I send you an extended copy of a small deed illustrative
of this subject. It is an agreement entered into between John de Lanfar',
clerk, and William de Auverne, citizen, respecting the wall of a house in
the city, which had been rendered unsafe by the removal of earth from its
base in the garden of one of the parties. By the agreement the owner of
the garden agrees to build three stone buttresses, so as to ensure the safety
of the building, and to keep them in repair ; he agrees to receive the drain*
age from the roof of the house, and recognises the right of its owner to
have two windows looking upon the garden. The view from these win-
dows is never to be interfered with, but they are to be so barred that he
himself, or his property in the garden, shall incur no harm therefrom.
In this latter respect the deed is a good illustration of the operation of
the well-known Assize of 1189 (Domestic Architecture, i. pp. 18 e* «^.),
which provided—
" And if any one shall have windows looking towards the land of a nelghhoinv and
I860.] Domestic Architecture in Mediceval London, 413
although ho and his predecessors have heen long possessed of the view of the aforesaid
windows, nevertheless his neighbour may lawfully obstruct the view of those windows,
by building opposite to them on his own ground, as he shall consider most expedient ;
except he who hath the windows can shew any writing whereby his neighbour may
not obstruct the view of those windows."
It is evident that the clerk had the best of the difference in every respect,
as his title to all the rights of property is fully recognised by the citizen, —
wlio may only have lately come into occupation.
Probably the deed itself, and others of a similar nature, which are of
rare occurrence, owed its origin to this early legislative act of the citizens.
The preamble of the "Assize** sets out how it was called into being by the
disputes relating to such matters, and (Domestic Architecture, i. pp. 275,
&CC.) shews the mode of proceeding in the cases to which it would apply.
The expression that the wall was " in fronte solarii" is singular, but it
can have no other meaning than that it supported that upper chamber,
which was generally built of wood and carried upon corbels inserted in
or projecting over the wall, the number of which was often a matter of
special agreement.
The date of the deed is a.d. 1249-50.
Noverint universi hoc scriptum visuri vol audituri quod hec est concordia
facta inter Johannem de Lanfar' clericum ex una parte et Willielmum de
Auveme civem London' ex altera, pro quadam contentione inter eosdem jnota ;
CO quod idem Willielmus amoverat terram in gardino bug juxta quemdam
murum lapideum in fronte solarii ejusdem Johannis versus occidentem sine
assensu ejusdem Johannis ; videlicet quod idem Willielmus sumptibus suis con-
struet tres butericeos lapideos ad sustentandum murum predictum. Et concessit
pro se et heredibus suis et suis assignatis quod ipse et heredes sui et assignati
sui predictos tres butericeos ad custxun suum sustentabunt imperpetuum, ita
quod idem mums sit sine periculo. Aquam vero descendentem et stillant^m de
predicto solario sine impedimento idem Willielmus et heredes sui et assignati
sui in gardino suo recipient imperpetuum. Concessit etiam idem Willielmus
pro se ct heredibus suis et assignatis suis eidem Johanni,' quod ipse et assignati
sui qui domos suas ibidem possidebunt habeant duas fenestras versus gardinum
predictum apertas. Ita tamen quod taliter ferro barrentur quod dictus Willielmus
et heredes sui et assignati sui per aperturas illas dampnum futuris temporibus
non incurrant. Et sciendum est quod non licebit eidem Willielmo vel heredibus
suis vel assignatis suis aliquod edificium edificare juxta predictum murum per
quod visus dictarum fenestrarum aliquo tempore obturetiur. In cujus rei testi-
monium huic scripto cyrographato videlicet alter alterius parti sigillum suum
apposuit. Hiis testibus, Domino Rogero filio Rogeri tunc Majore London'
Johanne de Tolesan' et Radulpho Hardel' tunc Yicecomitibus London', Ada de
Basinges, Stephano Bukerett, Michaelo Toony, Johanne Normann', Thoma de
Dunolm', Laurencio de Frowik', Nicholao Batt, Roberto de Comhuir, Roberto
Harder, Nicholao filio Jocelini, Thoma filio Thome, Alexandre le Ferun,
Radulpho Sperlong', Willielmo filio Ricardi, Johanne Adrian, Willielmo Viel,
Willielmo Aswy, Qervasio le Cordewaner', Johanne le Minor', Ricardo de
Uadestoke tunc Aldermannis et aliis.
I am, &c. J. B.
414 Correspondence of Sylvanm Urban. [Oc
GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF THE DESCEIH? OF THE
ST. BAEBE FAMILY.
Me. XJeban, — ^The accompanying genealogical table is based upon
pedigree of the St. Barbe family, drawn up in 1588 by Thomas Glove
Somerset Herald, and has never before been published. Besides beir
a curious instance (though by no means a solitary one) of the descei
of a private family in more than one line from royal houses, it contaii
some points of general interest. To the unpractised reader such a tab
may appear no more than an array of names, wearisome to the eye ai
profitless to the mind ; but there are probably some by whom it will 1
regarded as a suggestive fragment. Any pedigree will naturally rec
to those acquainted with the past fortunes of the particular family ;
various struggles and vicissitudes, implied in the very name of the repi
sentative of each succeeding generation ; and when thus viewed as t
footprints of one's forefathers, a mere pedigree is an interesting memori
And when several of them are brought together in one view, and the i
dividuals enumerated filled high stations, and were some of them the gj\
men of their age in dififerent countries, the whole becomes a record of cc
temporary history, and is valuable to the general reader.
Before noticing other names in this table, it will be proper to say a f
words respecting the family of St. Barbe. The name of its founder
inscribed in the roll of Battle Abbey as one of the companions-in-arms
William the Conqueror present at the battle of Hastings. Eventually,
fixed his residence at South Brent, in Somersetshire, a place known in c
own day from its connection with theological controversy. The fam
remained at this its original home for about 300 years, but is found ea
in the fifteenth century at Ashington, in the south of the same coun
And after a residence of 200 years it removed thence to Broadlands, ni
the seat of Lord Palmerston. John St. Barbe of Broadlands represent
Hampshire in Parliament in 1634; and his son, who was the last repi
sentative of the elder line, died a baronet without issue in 1723. T
name of St. Barbe occurs several times in the lists of sherifis, shewing^ tl
the family ranked with the county gentry. But with the exception ol
Bishop of Durham of some celebrity in the twelfth century, who is beliei;
to have been a member of the family, no one of any particular eminence
recorded. The second wife of Sir Francis Walsingham, K.G., Qac
Elizabeth's minister, was the child of Henry St. Barbe of Ashington, ti
died in 1567, and she became the mother of two daughters, one of whi
(to quote the words of Mr. Lodge in his memoir of the statesman, 1
father) " was thrice splendidly wedded : first, to the memorable Sir Phi
).] The Descent of the St. Barbe Family. 415
ey; secondly, to Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex; and thirdly, to
ard de Burgh, Earl of Clanricarde ; by each of whom she left issue.*'
anecdote, which is related of Archbishop Wake, may be mentioned
, on account of its connection with the St. Barbes. The Archbishop
succeeded to some property of his father (a royalist cavalier in the
t Rebellion) in the village of Shapwick, Dorsetshire; and being on
.it to it, he accepted an invitation to the house of the Rev. Samuel
ctt, Vicar of the parish, who, while thus honoured, chanced to have
snth child, a girl, born to him. When the intelligence was communi-
., the guest immediately rose and claimed the child as his just tithe,
proposed to stand godfather, on condition of her being named after
wn wife, Etheldred. The little girl subsequently became Mrs. St.
e, and left her Christian name an heir-loom in the family. Arch-
p Wake appears to have had a partiality to the name, and he is said
ve been the means of introducing it into some other families — that of
for instance, of which Earl Brownlow is the representative.
inspection of the table will shew that the descent of the St. Barbes
the royal houses was brought about by two marriages, which took
respectively, in the fifteenth and following century. The first
»ge was between Richard St. Barbe of Ashington, and Margery
great-granddaughter of Reginald, third Baron de Grey and Ruthyn.
second was between Henry St. Barbe, Richard's great-grandson, and
Rogers, a descendant in the fifth generation of Catherine Courtenay,
Fvas the wife of Sergeant Rogers, and great-granddaughter of Sir Philip
tenay. Justice of Ireland in 1383, a son of Hugh Courtenay, second
of Devon, and son-in-law of Sir Thomas Wake, of BHsworth, North-
:on8hire, an ancestor of the Archbishop. The issue of the first of these
marriages could trace descent, through the Barons Grey de Ruthyn,
the Earls of Pembroke and Chester; through the former of these
from the Capetian kings of France, the first Christian Grand-Duke
ussia, and some of the Eastern emperors ; and through the Earls of
ter, from the earlier kings of Scotland and the Saxon dynasties in
land and Germany : while the issue of the second marriage were
mdants of the Plantagenet and Norman kings of England, and through
ast, of the Counts of Flanders, the Emperor Charlemagne, and his
ic grandfather, Charles Martel, besides the Capetian kings and the
• royal families mentioned under the former marriage. We have thus
lied by both lines of ascent from the seventeenth century to the
h, and now we may cast our eye down the table in descent and
particulars. The true successors of Charlemagne in vigour of mind
^ody were found not in his own heirs male, but in some of his de-
ants in the female line, such as Baldwin the Iron-handed, father
Idwin II. and founder of the dynasty in Flanders, and Henry the
r, standing at the head of the Saxon emperors of Germany, who
416 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [Oct
had in him a common ancestor. These two were able men, and thej
began a policy in their respective dominions which led to power and
prosperity. The successors of Baldwin I. maintained their independence
of France and Germany; and Belgium carried on, under their protec-
tion, a flourishing maritime commerce. Henry I.» Duke of Saxony, is
said to have acquired his surname of Fowler, from the circumstance that
when the news of his elevation to the empire was brought to hiniy he
was engaged in the pursuit of birds. His own reign over Germany has
been accounted one of the most useful and splendid in history ; and hu
son, Otho the Great, deposed Berenger II., the last king of Italy, and
added that country to his empire. We see in the table two sovereigns of
Constantinople, Constantine, named from his birth in the royal porphyry-
chamber, **Porphyrogenitus," the grandson of Basil, founder of the dynasty,
and Romanus II., Constantine's son ; who, together with their successors,
owed their stability on the throne to the renown of their ancestor, rather
than to any merit of their own. The two names which follow, Vladimir
and Jaroslaf, are those of distinguished rulers, the first of whom has been
entitled the Peter of the tenth century, and his successor the Legislator of
Russia. The period of the Capetian kings whose names appear in oar
table was not a happy one for France. That country was distracted by
struggles for supremacy between the sovereign and aristocracy, and the
great vassals of the crown were a match for their feudal superior. The
custom of crowning the heir to the throne during the lifetime of his father,
which now obtained, reveals the weakness to which royalty was reduced in
France. King Alfred the Great, grandson of the first king of all England,
next merits attention. We behold him giving a daughter in marriage to
the reigning house in Flanders, which in after time was to be parent of
another dynasty in England ; his own male line, meanwhile, sitting on hii
throne (though continually harassed by Danish invaders) for a century, and
then by two marriages providing a wife (who was daughter of a king of
Scotland, and great-granddaughter of a German emperor) for a son of
William of Normandy, viz. the Princess Matilda, married to King Henry I.
of England. The whole of the kings of Scotland in the table belong to
a period antecedent to the opening of Tytler's History ; yet it was an im-
portant period, witnessing the gradual union of three petty principalities,
into which the country had been divided, in one kingdom ; the organization
of which was begun and completed by two remarkable men, Kenneth HI.
and Malcolm Canmore, Or the Great-head. The strange law of succession
(a fertile source of royal discontent and crime), by which the king for manv
generations was usually followed on the throne, not by his own son, but by
the son of his predecessor, now ceased to be acted upon ; though it was ap*
pealed to, so late as the close of the thirteenth century, by Baliol and Brace,
when contending for the crown of Scotland in the presence of Edward L
Tlie century succeeding that of the Norman Conquest has been termed the
10
I860.] The Descent of the 8t. Barbe Family. 417
age of the Barons, who rose to great power, favoured hy the frequent ciyQ
wars which then raged in England, as in most of the countries of Europe.
There are names in the tahle to recall this state of things, fiaodle de
Gernons, fourth earl of Chester, and Gilbert de Clare, first earl ctf Pem-
broke, fought on difierent sides at the battle of lincdln in 1141, when
King Stephen was taken prisoner by the Earl of Glouceator m the interest
of the Empress Maud, chiefly through the prowess of hie son-in-law De
Gernons. The earls of Chester, in particular, might be called little kings,
as they possessed a parliament of their own and other jura regaUa in the
Palatinate. And if the earldom had lasted a little longer than it did, they
must have succeeded to the throne of Scotland. John, sumamed Scot, the
last earl, pre-deceased by many years Marg^aret, Maid of Noirway, who was
the last lineal descendant of the reigning honse in Scotland : otherwise,
he would have been undoubted heir to the crown, as the only son of David,
younger brother of William the lion, grandson of Eing David I. Earl John
died young and without issue in 1287, leaving fom* sisters his coheirs, three
of whom were mothers, respectively, of the Batiol, Bmce, and Hastmgs
families, who became principal claimants to the vacant throne. The fatality
which at this time pursued the ro]^ family of Scotland ia probably without
a parallel. Within eighty years after the death of King William in 1214,
not one of his descendants survived, though in the interval there had been
four generations of them and nine marriages. Passmg on to the earls of
Pembroke, we perceive that this title was borne for a period of 200 yeani
by four famiUes, all famous in history, in succession, Clare, Marshal, Valence,
and Hastings. Of the last we have just spoken in connection with the
crown of Scotland. Gilbert de Clare, the first earl of Pembroke, was a
valiant knight of the house of Hertford, to whom King Henry I. gave
lands in Wales. And on the decease of that monarch, he siqiported, as we
have seen, the cause of Stephen. He had the surname of Stnmgbow,
which was also applied to his son Richard, the second earl, better known
as the conqueror and first Lord Warden of Ireland* William Marshal
the elder was chosen Protector of Ibgland during the minority Off King
Henry III., whom, in conjunction with Handle Bliindevil, son and snccea-
sor of Hugh Cyvelioc in the earldom of Chester, he erofmed at Gloucester.
Both these earls served the young king faithfully, the EUarl Marriial con-
ducting an able and virtuous administration till 1219, when he died; and
his coadjutor Handle, sumamed the Gk)od, commanding the fbrocp whidi
routed the army of the French prince Lonia at the battle known u
" Lincoln Fair." Aymer de Valence, second earl ef hb name, was ap-
pointed by Edward I. guardian of Scotland, where he defeated Bmoe soon
after the coronatk>n of the latter in 1806, with great slanghter, at Methven.
Six years afterwards he was in arms agdnst Edward II.f and Gaveston,
the unworthy favourite of that king, snrrendered to him at Scaitorongh
Castle. The two great familiea of Chester and Pembroke, prolonged by
Qent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. 8 j>
418 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. [Oct.
females, were destined to be united in the fourteenth century in the person
of Elizabeth Hastings, who on her father's side was great-granddaughter
of Ada, the youngest of the co-heiresses of the houses of Chester and
Scotland ; and who, through her mother Elizabeth Valence, stood in the
same degree of relationship to Joane Marshal, co-heiress of the second
house of Pembroke, and likewise to Isabella, ex- Queen of England. From
this Elizabeth Hastings, Margery Grey, who became the wife of Richard
St. Barbe, was fifth in descent. A limited space will allow of little more
being added. But it is impossible to pass by tbe name of Bohan without
some notice. Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, the fourth of his
line, appears in the table as the husband of Elizabeth Plantagenet, daughter
of King Edward I. ; he was a thoroughly English nobleman, and worthily
proved his lineage from Henry de Bohun, the first earl, who had been one
of the twenty-four colleagues of the second William Marshal, Earl of
Pembroke, appointed to preserve the privileges of Magna Charta. Earl
Humphrey, supported by Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of
England, boldly and successfully resisted the will of a powerful sovereign,
who was bent on abridging the wholesome liberties of the people ; and his
name deserves the grateful remembrance of the nation. He was sub-
sequently engaged in a struggle less honourable to him, when aiding
Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, against the Despencers, the suc-
cessors of Gaveston in the favour of King Edward H. ; and he lost his
life in 1321 at the battle of Boroughbridge, fought between the contending
factions.
In concluding these notes upon the table, it must suffice to invite
the reader's attention to a few more of the names. Eva, the daughter
and heiress of Dermot Mc Murrough, King of Leinster, was married to
Richard de Clare at Waterford, under most inauspicious circumstances,
during the sack of that town by her father and his English allies. Geoffiy
of Anjou, second husband of the'^Empress Maud, gave the name of Flanta*
genet to the royal dynasty in England, which was commenced by his son
King Henry II. Ffoulk, king of Jerusalem, father of Earl GeoflFiy, re-
minds us of the Crusades, with which another name, once before referred
to, a greater than Ffoulk's, is also associated. This is Handle Blundevil,
Earl of Chester, who embraced the Cross in the reign of Richard Coeur
de Lion ; but he was prevented for the time from prosecuting his design,
by the necessity of opposing the treacherous proceedings of John against
the absent king. The good earl, however, lived to fulfil his purpose of
visiting the Holy Land, and to return home during the reign of Henry HI.
Lastly, let us say of Eleanor, the loving queen of Edward I., that she
added lustre to her royal husband's descendants, being herself a not un-
worthy daughter of a race of kings in Castile and Navarre reaching back
to the times of our Alfred. E. H. M. S.
jT
I860.]
419
HISTORICAL AKD MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.
The Poem of the Book of Job done
info English Verse. By the Eabl of
WiNcniLSEA (late Viscount Miudstone).
(London : Smith, Elder, and Co.) — Those
who are imbued with the spirit of our
older literature will appreciate this book,
while those whose reading is only of the
prevalent modern description will proba-
bly turn from it with a jest or a sneer ;
aud as the one is a very select body,
while the name of the other is legion, it
is a sign of no little moral courage when
a man of unquestionable abilities and cul-
tivated taste ventures to do what Lord
Winchilsea has done, and has done well.
A sacred poem in ballad metre to the
great body of readers of the present day
must seem either an impossibility or an
absurdity, and the writer who attempts
it must make up his mind to be treated
accordingly, but we have before us proof
positive that it is neither the one nor the
other. Those who from their superior
course of reading can refer to the elder
specimens of that kind of composition will
allow that great and generous sentiments
may be clothed in such garb, and that
their utterance may " stir like a trumpet,"
but the " reading public" in general have
no higher standard for the ballad than
" John Gilpin/' and to them it must ever
remain inexplicable, how any serious, not
to say sacred subject, can be suitably
treated in such a form. Consequently
Lord Wiuchilsea's labours are hardly
likely to be appreciated as they deserve,
although he displays a wonderfully close
adherence to his original, and has really
given us a poem to represent a poem.
In this point of fidelity he has a great
advantage over the gifted but unhappy
nobleman who many years since "versi-
fied" a small portion of the same subject.
We allude to the speech of Eliphaz the
Temanite, which is thus paraphrased by
Lord Byron in his "Hebrew Melodies :"
♦' A Spirit pass'd before me— I beheld
The face of Immortality onTeU'd ;
Deep sleep came down on every eye save mine.
And there it stood, all formless, but divine.
Along my bones the creeping flesh did quake,
And whilst my damp hair stiffen'd, thus it
spake —
* Is man more just than God 1— is man more
pure,
Than He who deems e'en seraphs insecure !
Creatures of clay, vain dwellers in the dust I
The moth survives yon, and are ye more justt
Things of a day I you wither e'er the night,
Heedless and blind to Wisdom's wasted light.' "
This is elegant, we allow, but a glance at
our English version (ch. iv. verses 12 — 21)
will shew that Lord Winchilsea has studied
that more closely, and more reverently.
Let the following passage be read, with
a calm unbiassed judgment, which refuses
to be carried away by the glitter of great
names, and we venture to think that it
will be pronounced infinitely more faith-
ful ; and, as exhibiting a rare command of
language, and a true feeling of the force
of the original, we hesitate not to call
it dignified : —
" Now a wondrous thing was told to me,
In secret was it brought,
And mine ear received somewhat thereof
As I lay entranced in thought.
In the visions of the night it came,
When all things are at rest ;
When deep sleep falleth upon men
With daily toil oppressed.
Fear came upon my spirit,
And terror made me quake.
And caused my limbs to tremble,
And all my bones to shake !
Before my face a spirit pass'd.
And each particular hair
Stood up upon my creeping flesh,
And I stood trembling there.
And there it stood severe and still,
But I could not discern
Its form or its similitude,
Or its proportions learn :
An image was before mine eyes,
And silence was around—
And I heard a voice which said to me—
' Shall mortal man be found
More pure than God his Maker—
Than the great King more Just,
Who with folly charged His angels,
And in seraphs put no trust 1
Then how much less in them that dwell
In houses made of clay,
Whose foundation lieth in the dost.
^0
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Oct.
Where moths do fret and fray ;
Which are destroy^ i from the mom
Till evening every day 1
They perish without wisdom,
They wither without wit j
Their excellence departs— they die —
And none regardeth it.' "
We have quoted tlus passage, not as by
any means the best in the book, but as
affording a means of comparison ; and we
conceive that it alone is sufficient abun-
dantly to justify the very modest hope
with which Lord Winohilsea concludes
his preface : —
" If it be thought by good judges that
I have given a version of this incompara-
ble poem after the manner of Clement
Marot, rather than that of Stemhold and
Hopkins, and that I have succeeded in
catching somewhat of the spirit, without
departing too widely from the text of the
original, I shall have attained the object
of my wishes, and have done some service
to the public."
A service to the public his Lordship has
certainly rendered ; we only hope that he
has philosophy enough to be satisfied with
the appreciation of the select few, for
anything like general popularity we fear
he is not likely to attain — at least not
until a very decided improvement is
effected in the tastes of the many; but
if he should happily have any share in
bringing about such a change he will have
great reason to think that his labour on
the oldest poem in the world has not been
ill bestowed.
Collectanea ArUiqua, Part III., Vol.
V. By Chables Roach Smith. (Printed
for the Subscribers only, and not pub-
lished.)— A mere enumeration of the con-
tents of this Part Lb all that it will be
necessary to g^ve, in order to shew that
Mr. Roach Smith continues his labours
with his accustomed zeal and success.
"Anglo-Saxon Remains found in Kent
and Lincolnshire," " Fibulee discovered in
the Crimea," "Roman Monuments at
Lincoln," " Roman Remains at Ancaster,
Linoolnslure," " Monument of the Daugh-
ter of a Romano-Qaulish Potter," " Roman
Monuments illustrative of Social and Do-
mestic Life," and *' Rare and Inedited
Roman Coins," such are the subjects
treated on, illustrated by several wood-
cuts, and ten pages of plates, many of
them coloured. To give any idea of the
real value and interest of the papers, it is
necessary to have the illustrations before
the eye, and as we cannot offer them to
our readers, we will do what will be eren
better — we will heartily advise them to
become subscribers to the series — assnring
them that they will be certain at all times
to get money*s worth for their money.
Canterbury in the Olden IHme. By
JoHy Brent, F.S.A.
Felix Summerley's handbook to Can^
terhury. Edited by the same. (London :
Bell and Daldy.)
Mb. Bbent has in the first of these
little works reproduced a paper of his
published some years since in the Journal
of the British Association, bnt with so
many additions as almost to constitute a
new work. He has treated our old friend
Felix Summerley in very much the Mime
style, and the result is, that we have a
fiUl account, not only of the edifices of
the metropolitan city of Canterbury as
they exist at the present time, which
must be very useful to visitors^ but also
many curious extracts firom the corpora-
tion records, selected with the discrimina-
tion that might be expected from a prac-
tised antiquary, which we know Mr. Brent
to be. A plan of the city, another of the
cathedral, giving the places of the most
remarkable tombs, and several eng^vings
of remarkable objects, render this Yolume
attractive as well as useftd.
Madrat and CuddeUore mi the iaH CSm-
tury, [▲.D. 1726 — 1752]. (London : Long-
mans.)— This work consists mainly of a
selection from the journals and letters of
the early missionaries of the Christian
Knowledge Society, as Schultze, Sartorin%
and Fabricius, apparently as good and
simple-minded men as ever eng^aged in
missionary work. It is not as an accoont
of the South of India that the book can
be recommended, as its notices are Tery
incomplete and fragmentary, but it hM
an interest of its own in the autobiogra-
phic sketches of the good Oermana. We
I860.]
Encyclopadia Britannica.
421
have them depicting their dread of " the
wild sea" before setting out ; their forlorn
voyages, crowded in the hold among the
sailors, and, from the one party knowing
no English and the other no German,
with no one to speak to; their discomfort
at first with "the way of life in India,
which is quite different from that of
Fatherland;" their contest with "the
devil on the one hand and the papists on
the other ;" their frequent want of ** bis-
cuit and other things that Europeans are
accustomed to," — all these matters, and
many more, told to mothers and sisters
and college friends, and told as only quiet
men suddenly landed in another world can
tell them, will repay perusal.
But though we speak well of the book,
we have a serious ground of complaint
against its compiler. In an account of a
fciirful tempest in Bengal in 1737, he says
(p. 173) that " mention was made of it in
the Gentleman's Magazine for 1738,
(the first year of its publication)." Now
we are above the affectation of juvenility,
and must set him right by saying that we
made our firat bow to our patrons in Jan-
uary, 1731, and that the account referred
to appeared in our eighth volume, at
p. 321.
mystery, may not be inconceivable as facts,
apparent to our reason, or revealed to our
faith."
An Inquiry into the Origin of the Belief
in Predestination. By F. W. Cronhelm.
(Uivingtons.) — The object of this Inquiry
is to shew that the belief in predestination
has originated in misconceptions of the
Divine Eternity, and of the Divine Fore-
knowledge, and that a doctrine so contrary
to the intuitive sense of moral responsi-
bility, and the plain declarations of Scrip-
ture, could never have been established,
did it not involve "a gratified sense of
favouritism and soperiority in the notion
of being one of the predestined elect."
Mr. Mansers "Bampton Lectures" are
censured as making dangerous concessions
to Rationalism, and their writer is accused
of using the words "incomprehensible"
and " inconceivable" as synonymous, " not-
witlistanding the material distinction that
exists between them." "Things incom-
prehensible in their infinitude, or in their
The Question: "Are there any Com^
mensurable Relations between a Circle
and other Geometrical Figures!" An'
swered by a Member of the British
Association for the Advancement of
Science, (London : R. Griffin and Co.) —
The story goes that an undergraduate
once boasted of having read through
" Euclid" in half-an-hour, and, what was
more wonderful, found it very entert^n-
ing. When asked how he had managed
it, he r< plied that he had left out "all the
A.S and B.s and scratches." Here is a
shilling pamphlet on which the reader
may try the experiment. It boldly chal-
lenges the assent of all, whether mathe-
matical or non-mathematical, and is the
neatest specimen of "Euclid for the
Million" that we have yet seen. The
tremendous fiourish of trumpets with
which it opens leads one to expect some-
thing very wonderftd, — and wonderful in-
deed is the author's good opinion of him-
self. He says he knows that the "highest
authorities" are against him, "but the
highest authorities are nothing to him :"
Galileo was opposed by the highest autho-
rities, and pray who was right P And, after
a great deal of such verbiage as this, what
does his grand discovery amount to?
Simply this. The despised " highest autho-
rities" agree that the ratio of the cir-
cumference of a circle to its diameter lies
between 3^ and 3j; our new light splits
the difference, and declares it to be 3|,
which any child could do by a mere guess,
without any of the "A.s and B.s and
scratches" of which, however, he is so
fond that he parades them again and
again, the same diagram doing duty three
times over.
Encyclopotdia Britannica, Vol. XX.
(Edinburgh: A. and C. Black.)— This
great work is steadily approaching com-
pletion, though the new volume only
brings us to the close of letter S. It con-
tuns several articles that chance to have
422
MisceUanemu Reviews.
[Oct
a peculiar interest at the present time»
as Seamanship, Ship-hailding, Steam,
Steam Eng^e, and Steam Navigation.
To say that all these are treated in a frill
and satisfactory manner is only to do bare
jostice; illustrations, both on steel and
on wood, are liberally supplied, and in the
last named article wo have some valuable
tables, which exhibit an almost incredible
amount of detul regarding our steam
fleet, whether mercantile or belonging to
the Royal Navy. The article on Sicily,
as well as that on Spain, will well repay
perusal.
Footprints on the Sands of Time, Bio-
graphies for Young People, Dedicated to
her Nephews and Nieces by L. E. 6.
(Oxford and London: J. H. and Jas.
Parker.) — "Aunt Lucy," we believe, is
a daughter of the late Bishop of London.
It would be well if all young people had so
kind and clever a relative. Alfred: the
Great, Bernard Gilpin, the Chevalier
Bayard, and Blaise Pascal are charmingly
depicted. Wo should, in one sense, do
the authoress an injustice if we called at-
tention to any passages in particular, for
the whole is most graceiully written, and
we would wish no better present for an
intelligent child than this pretty but still
cheap work.
those to whom they have not the cSuurm
of novelty will be gratified by the mode of
treatment.
The Addresses to Candidates for Ordi-
nation, by the Bishop of Oxford^ recently
noticed by us% have reached a seoond
edition, to which a new address on Dili*
gence in Study has been added.
Blackie's Comprehensive HiHory cf
Indiat Nos. 81 to 34^ carry on their tele
from the relief of Vellore in 1781 to the
appointment of Sir John Shore as Ckk>
vemor-General in 1793. The death oi
Hyder Ali, the barbarity of Tippoo Saib^
and his humiliation by the Marquis Com-
wallis, are clearly told, and the parts are^
as usual, well illustrated.
Lucia's Marriage; or. The Lions of
Wady-Araha, is the title of one of the
latest of the series of " Historical Tales."
(J. H. and Jas. Parker.) It is a tale of
the Decian persecution, and relates the
sufferings and eventual preservation of
a Christian family banished to the Desert,
** the barren and dry land where no water
is," where David of old found refuge.
The descriptions of Petra and other rock
cities w^ill be new to many, and even
Practical Elementary Exercises im the
Art of Thinking J being an Jntrodmctiam
to Composition and Logieal Analysis,
By Chablsb Schaiblb, Ph.D.» &c (Lon-
don : Aylott and Son.) — ^Dr. Schuble, who
is an Examiner in the College of Precep-
tors, thinks that ordinary school tasks are
calculated to furnish words rather than
ideas. He has therefore compiled his
book with the view of remedying thi%
by giving to the young the means of col-
tivating then: reason, and thus " enabling
them at an early age to think in an exact,
careful, and thorough manner." His book
is divided into two Courses ; I. of ICaterials
for Ideas; IL their Development ; the ex-
ercises are carefully graduated in the scale
of difficulty, and Uie work can hardly fkil.
in the hands of an intelligent teacher, (it
will suit no other, for it is by no m«ayn
complete,) to be of real use in adyanetng
the much neglected " art of tlunking.'
n
* OufT. Mao., March, isao, p. 28S.
I860.]
423
BIRTHS.
June 16. At the Parsonage, Dunedin, Otaffo,
New Zealand, the wife of the Rev. E. G. Ed-
wards, a dau.
July 8. At Shajehanpore, Rohilkund, the wife
of Patrick Uunter, esq., Capt. 22nd Regt., a son.
July 20. At Murrce-hilla, Punjaub, the wife
of Beauchamp Colclough Urquhart, esq., younger
of Meldrom and Byth, H.M.'s Bengal Army,
a son.
July 22. At Bunnoo, Fonjaab, the wife of
Licut.-Col. George W. G. Green, C.B., 2nd
Bengal Fusiliers, a dau.
July 31. At Trichinopoly, the wife of Capt.
Dangerfleld, Madras Artillery, a son.
Aug. 3. At St. Georgfe's, Bermuda, the wife
of Capt. Hawtayne, 39th Regt., Fort Adjutant,
a son.
Aug. 13. At Malta, the wife of Benj. Wilson
Pidcock, esq., Naval Storekecperof H.M.'s Dock-
yard, a dau.
Aug. 14. In Paradise-row, Chester, the wife
of Thomas Uughes, esq., Hon. Sec. Chester
Archtcological Society, a son.
Aug. 15. At Netherseale-old-hall, Leicester-
shire, the wife of Capt. H. Bagot, R.N., a son.
Aug. 16. At the residence of H. W. Hall,
esq., n.M.'s Dockyard, Portsmouth, the widow
of John James PoUexfen, esq., of the 15th Native
RcKt., Bombay Army, a son.
Aug. 17. At Warwick, the wife of John Tibbits,
M.D., a son.
At Lj-tton-house, Hurleston, near Nantwich,
the wife of Hugh Martin, esq., a dau.
Aug. 18. At Beauchief-abbey, Derbyshire, the
residence of her mother, the wife of the Rev.
C. A. Assheton Craven, Chaplain to the Forces,
a son.
At Maj-fleld-vicarage, the wife of the Rev.
Allen Windle, a son.
Aug. 19. At Stoke, Devonport, the wife of
Horatio N. Kippen, esq., Capt. 2nd Battalion
12th Regt.,. a son.
A ug. 20. The wife of Richard F. Jones, esq.,
of Fir-grove, Claughton, Cheshire, a dau.
Aug. 21. At Blyth-hall, near Coleshill, War-
wickshire, the wife of J. D. Wingfleld Digby,
Ci!>q., a dau.
At the Firs, Bowden, Cheshire, the wife of
Leslie J. Monteflore, esq., a dau.
At Chiddingstone, the wife of H. D. Streat-
feiUl, esq., a son.
Aug. 22. At West-court, Berkshire, Lady
Perry, a dau.
At the Terrace, Kennington-park, the wife of
James Barclay, esq., a son.
Aug. 23. At Heath-lodge, the wife of Col.
Poulctt Somerset, M.P. , a son.
At Putney, the wife of Major Greville, a son.
Aug, 2A. In Merrion-eq. East, Dublin, the
wife of Major M'Mahon, 14th (King's) Light
Dragoons, a son.
Aug. 21. At Titness-park, Sunning-hill, Berk-
shire, Lady Margaret Charteris, a dau.
At Crofton-house, South Hants, the wife of
Major Wingate, a dau.
At Sheemess, the wife of J. Whittall, esq.,
R.N., a son.
Atig. 28. In Green-st., Lady Harriet Went-
worth, a dau.
At Somerleyton-hall, Suffolk, Lady Feto, a
dau.
At Barnstaple, the wife of Capt. J. Norris
Marshall, of the Devon Artillery, a dau.
At Ashreigney-rectory, the We of the Rev.
R. L. Palmer-Sambome, a dau.
Aug. 29. At Burcombe-parsonage, Salisbury,
the wife of the Rev. £. F. Trotman, a dau.
At Westbourne-grove West, Bayswater, the
wife of Lieut.-Col. E. F. Bonrchier, C.B., Royal
Engineers, a son.
Aug. 30. At Langham-hall, the wife of Fuller
Maitland Wilson, esq., a dau.
At Nuthurst-rectory, Sussex, the wife of the
Rev. J. O. McCarogher, a son.
In Farncombe-pl., near Godalming, the wife
of R. W. Wilbraham, esq., a dau.
Aug. 31. At Welham, near Malton, the wife
of Digby Cayley, esq., a dau.
The wife of Ridley Thompson, esq., Faston-
hall, Peterborough, a son.
At Mitcham, Surrey, the wife of Edward Mar-
shall, esq., a son.
At Wareside-parsonagc, the wife of the Rev.
R. Higgens, a dau.
Sept. 1. At Dunskey, N.B., Lady^onter Blair,
a son.
Sept. 3. In Oxford-sq., Hyde-pk., (the residence
of her mother, Lady Grant,) the wife of Clinton
F. Henshaw, esq., Rifle Brigade, a dau.
In Eaton-sq., Lady Scott, a son.
At Starcross, Devon, the wife of Walter C.
Radcliffe, esq., a son.
At Dover, the wife of Capt. EIUb, 60th Rifles,
a dau.
Sept. 4. The Lady Catherine Wheble, a son.
In John-8t., Berkeley-sq., the wife of the Rev.
Sydney Scroggs, a son.
The wife of Mf^or Peirse, District Staff, Min-
ster-yard, York, a son.
At Wroughton-house, Wilts, the wife of C. S.
Hawkins, esq., a dau.
At Kelvin-grove, Bridge of Allan, N.B., the
wife of Capt. W. Wilson, H.M.'s Ist Bombay
Grenadier Regt., a son.
Sept. 5. In Tork-pl., Edinburgh, the wife of
Capt. Gibson Stott, 92nd Highlanders, a dau.
In Glouce«ter-pl., Portman-sq., the wife of Sir
Charles R. McGrigor, bart., a son.
424
Marriages.
[Oct
At North Rancton, Norfolk, the wife of the
Rev. Wm. Hay Gumey, a son.
Sept. 6. At Eastwood-pk., Gloacestershire,
Lady Jenkinson, a son.
At Walmer, Kent, the wife of Major Castle,
a son.
At Beachfleld, Sandown, Isle of Wight, the
wife of Thomas Webster, esq., a son.
At Westboume-pk., the wife of Colonel W,
Tolland, of the Royal Engineers, a dau., still-
bom.
Sept. 7. At Aldershot, the wife of Major
Jenyns, C.B., 18th Hussars, a dau.
At the Rectory, Colwick, the wife of the Rer.
W. J. Mellor, a dau.
At Somerby, Leicestershire, the Hon. Mrs. Hy.
Forester, a son.
At Qucen's-rd., RegentVpk., the wife of Edw.
Joseph Thackwcll, esq., barrister-at-law, late
Capt. 50th Foot, a dau.
Sept. 8. At Croydon, the wife of Arthur Bur-
rows esq., of Lincoln's-inn, a dau.
At Luton-vale, Chatham, the wife of Capt.
Creyke, R.E., a dan.
At Cromer, the Hon. Mrs. Delaval Astlcy, pre-
maturely, a son, who only.surTived its birth a
few moments.
Sept. 9. At Peasmarsh-yicarage, Sussex, the
wife of the Rev. W. R. lok, a dau.
At Melehbourne-vicarage, Bedfordshire, the
wife of the Rev. John Lynes, a dau.
Sept. 10. At Park-ter., Highbury-park, the
wife of Ellis Fletcher, esq., a son.
At Twickenham, the wife of the Rev. 0. S.
Ingram, a dau.
Sept, 11. In Grosvenor-eq., the Hon. Mrs.
Ryder, a dau.
Sept. 12. At Ockbrook- vicarage, the wife of the
Rev. Mc'hille H. Scott, a son.
In Ely-pl., Holbom, the wife of Thomas J.
Jcrwood, e!<q., a son.
Sept. 13. At tho Parsonage, East Molesey, the
wife of the Rev. W. G. Jervis, a dau.
At the Holt, Hants, the wife of Laurance
Williams, esq., of the 5th West York Regt.,
a duu.
Sept. 14. At Barnes, the wife of C. Campbell
Prinsep, esq., a son.
In Grcen-st., the wife of Henry 0. Currie, esq.,
a son.
At Pembury-vicaragc, Kent, the wife of tiM
Rev. George Stephen Woodgate, a aon.
At Park-house, South Kensington, the wife of
Capt. Fowke, R.E., a dau.
At Wiston-rectory, Soseex, the wife of the
Rev. C. W. A. Napier, a son.
At Osbome-villa, Bowden, Cheshire, the wifo
of Sigrismund Schloss, esq., a son.
At Norwich, the wife of J. B. Morgan, eeq.,
a son.
Sept. 15. At Leyton, the wife of Roger Cim-
lifTe, jun., esq., a son.
At Oddington-reetory, near Oxford, the wife
of the Rev. George Fetch, a dau.
In Stanley-gardens, Koisington-park, the wife
of Capt Clipperton, a dau.
At Woodridings, Pinner, the wife of J. B.
Cartwright, esq., a dau.
At Frankfort-on-the-Maine, the wife of Adcdph
Hahn, esq., a son.
At Barrack-house, Colohester, the wife of J. T.
Craster, esq., Capt. 38th Regt., a dau.
Sept. 16. At Buckland-court, Ashlmrtoii, the
wife of the Rev. W. P. Bastard, a dan.
At Gate-Helmsley, the wife of Geo. Wilaoii,
eeq., a dau.
At Hillingdon-conrt, Uzbridge, the Hon. Mn.
C. Dunoombe, a dau.
At East-house, Romford, the wife of Charlct
J. St. Alphonse, esq., a dau.
Sept. 17. At Lower-Berkeley-et., Portman-eq.,
the wife of J. W. F. Lowthrop, eeq., a ton.
At Derby-house, Rock-Ferry, Cheahire, Hn.
Alfred Turner, a dau.
At Chorleywood, Herts, the wife of William
Longman, esq., a dau.
Sept. 18. At Southampton, the wife of Joseph
Marshall, esq., M.D., a son.
At the Birches, CodsaU, Staffordshire, Mrs.
Thomas Barker, a dan.
At Bell-green, Sydenham, the wife of MafBvs
Ohren, esq., A.I.C.E., a son.
At Mount .Solus, Portobello, near Sdinborgh,
the wife of Dr. Home, of Whitfield, a son.
Sept. 19. At Wincombe-park, Wilt% the wife
of Charles W. Gordon, esq., a son.
At Bridgnorth, the wife of the Ber. Samuel
Bentley, a dau.
In Glocester-terrace, Regent's-park, the wife
of F. W. Farrer, esq., a dau.
MARRIAGES.
April 11. At Keinsdale, Victoria, Australia,
Roderick Impey Murchison, cfiq., to his cousin,
Julia Rose, only dau. of Capt. J. Urquhart,
H.M.'s 27th Regt. (Innit^killings).
May 19. Richard Augustus, second son of the
late Major Chadwick, Chetnole, Dorset, and
Lieut. M.N.I., to Rachel, eldest dau. of J.
Broderick, esq.
July 10. At Selbonme, Charles Augustus,
youngest son of the late J. W. C. Walker, esq.,
11
of Havant, to Annie, only ohild of Wm. Bildgcr,
esq., Oakhanger, Hants.
July 28. At MUvertoD, Somerset, William
Hcwett Manley, esq., of Bridpert, Dorset, to
Jemima, second dan. of George Leekcy, esq.,
of Milverton.
July 30. At Fomcett, E. PhiBippo, esq., to
Ann Lain, eldest dan. of the late WilUam Loag ,
esq., of Bunwell.
Auy, 1. At Leamiogton, Edward Thompsoa,
I860.]
Marriages.
425
esq., of Wainham -lodge, Shrewsbury, to Mary,
dau. of the late llev. George Weale, Vicar of
Rovv-ington, Warwickshire.
At Cheltenham, Augustus W. Eves, eeq., sur-
geon, of Douglas, Icle of Man, eldest son of A.
Eves, esq., M.D., of Cheltenham, to Clara, eldest
dau. of the late W. Ridler, esq., of the same
place.
At Child wall, Liverpool, Edward Talbot, second
son of Thomai* Baincs, esq., of London, to Eliz-
abeth, only child of Samuel Job, esq., of Heath-
field-house, Aigburth.
At St. Ann's, Stanley, Edward Paul, esq., of
Laurel-road, to Augusta, youngest dau. of David
Kent, esq., of Prospect- vale, Fairfield.
Kobcrt Abrann, eldest son of Robert Abram
Welsh, esq., of Liverpool, to Christiana Eliza-
beth, youngest dau. of the Rev. E. Boyman,
Rector of Croglin, Cumberland.
Aug. 2. At St. Marylebone, George William,
eldest mn of George Hammond, esq., of Port-
land-place, Southampton, to Adelaide, second
dau. of W. n. Holmes, esq., of Beaumont-street,
Marylebone.
At Serriferes, Neuchatel, Switzerland, Jas. B.
Prowse, esq., of Clifton, eldest eon of the late
James Prowse, esq., of Biistol, and formerly of
Chew Magna, surgeon, to Alice Agnes Wylde,
of Chewstoke, fourth dau. of the late Daniel
Guildford Wait, LL.D., Rector of Blagdon.
At Marlborough, Wilts, the Rev. Franck
Shum, only son of James Shum, esq., of Kirby-
le-Sokcn, Essex, to Sarah Jane, only child of the
late Thos. Seager Grundy, esq., of Marlborough.
A ug. 4. At Hove, Brighton, the Rev. Joshua
M. Vaughan, son of the late Rev. Dr.Yaughan,
of Regent's-park, to Emily Jane, eldest dau. of
£. Landell, esq., of Clapham.
Aug. 6. At Liverpool, Robert Kennedy, esq.,
of -Her Majesty's Customs, to Margaret, dau. of
Michael CuUen, esq., of Carnarvon.
At Charlcombe, Charles Grant Watter, esq.,
B.A., of H.M.'s Indian Civil Service, to Cathe-
rine Jane, youngest dau. of the late Rev. Joseph
CuBWort, New Kingswood College, Bath.
Aug. 7. At Camberwell, the Rev. B. Hichens,
youngest son of W. Hichens, esq., of St. Ives, to
Catherine, eldest dau. of the Rev. J. R. Oldham,
Chaplain of Dulwich College.
At Paddington, Capt. Jacob William Hinde, of
Elmc-grove, Dawlish, late of the 1 5th Hussars,
to Emily, eldest dau. of the late Daniel Wilson,
esq., of Gortmore, Omagh, co. Tyrone.
' At St. Anne's, Brookfield, Highgate-rise, the
Rev. Cornelius Hargrave Crooke, Principal of
King Alfred's College, Wantage, Berks, to
Emma, youngest dau. of the late Rev. Henry
Booth llibbert. Vicar of South Cockerington,
Lincolnshire.
At St. James's, Notting-hill, the Rev. John
Sheffield Cox, Rector of Sibson, Leicestershire,
to Mary, relict of Major Constantine Teoman,
and d;iu. of the Rev. Dr. Crigan, Vicar of Riccall
and Skipwith.
.Vt Parhan>, the Rev. A. F. Birch, Fellow of
King's College, Cambridge, to Isabella Anne,
ouly dau. of F. Corranee, esq., of Parham-haU.
G£2<T. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
At Alverstoke, the Rev. H. R. Lay, only son
of the late H. Lay, esq., of Wangford, to Emily
Anne, youngest dau. of the late Capt. Baynton,
R.N.
At St. James*!, Piccadilly, R. A. Benson, of
the Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, eldest son of
M. G. Benson, esq., of Lutwyche-hall, Salop, to
Henrietta Selina, only dau. of C. R. Cockerell,
esq., R.A., FresideDt of the Royal Institute of
British Architects.
At St. John's, Roundhay, near Leeds, Wm. J.
Armitage, esq., second son of J. Armitage, esq.,
of Farnley-hall, near Leeds, to Emily, eldest dau.
of W. N. Nidiolson, esq., of Roundhay-park.
At Knoxland, John Ireland Blackbume, of
Chester, third son of the late Rev. Thomas
Blackbume, M.A., Rector of Prestwieh, Lan-
cashire, to Mary, younger dau. of Robert Bu-
chanan, esq., of Knoxland, Dumbartonshire.
Aug. 8. At Parsonstown, Gilbert de Lacy
Lacy, esq., of H.M.'s 12th Regiment, eldest son
of the Rev. Charles Lacy, Rector of AUhallows,
London-wall, to Maria,' eldest dau. of Lieut. -Col.
Manners, late 59th Regt., of Chesterfield, King's
County.
At North Tawton, Devon, the Rev. Robert
Hole, Rector of North Tawton, to Kate, eldest
dau. of D. Fulford, esq, of tlie same place.
At MUnsbridge, George Buchanan, esq., C.E.,
of D'Urban-house, Forest-hill, Kent, second son
of the late John Buchanan, esq., of Lisnamallard,
CO. Tyrone, to Gertrude, third dau. of George
Armitage, esq., J.P., of liOnsbridge - house,
Yorkshire.
Aug. 9. At Islington, A. Barlow, esq., late of
Bandarrah-river, N.S.W., to Harriott, eldest
dau. of Daniel Harvey, esq., of Canonbury,
Islington.
Aug. 14. At Crewkeme, the Rev. W. J. G.
Bluett, B.A., of TormartoD, Gloucestershire,
second son of P. F. Bluett, esq., late of Hoi-
combe-court, Devonshire, to Caroline Rosa, third
dau. of the late J. Wills, esq., of Crewkeme.
At Croydon, Thomas May Dnnster, esq., to
Lucretia Ann, only dau. of the late Charles
Dawson, esq., and niece of Mrs. Robinson of
Croydon.
At West Lavington, Wilts, Mr. Edward Henrj
Frewin, of Craven-place, Westboume-terr., to
Argentine, second dau. of the Rev. Edw. Wilton,
M.A., Master of the Endowed Free Grammar-
school, West Lavington.
Aug. 15. At Paddington, the Rev. J. Godding,
Incumbent of Homerton, Bfiddlesex, to Agnes
Sophia, dan. of Gen. Sir J. W. Sleigh, K.C.B.,
Col. of H.M.'s 9th Lancers.
At East Peckham, the Rev. Thomas Henry
Tarlton, Incumbent of Stroud, Gloucestershire,
to Sophia Aagusta, youngest daH. of William
Cook, esq., of Roydon-hall, Kent.
At Clithero, Lancashire, William Wheeler,
esq., of Chatbnm, Lancashire, to Rosalie, third
dan. of the late Rev. Cecil Oreene, Rector of
Fishbonme, Sussex.
At Cheltenham, Capt. G. A. Arbuthnot, H.M.'s
8th Regt. Madras IJght Cavalry, eldest son of
Col. G. B. Arbuthnot, H.M.'s Madras Light
81
426
Manriaget.
[Oct.
Cavalry, to Fanny Isabella, eldest dan. of lieut.-
Col. H. Wm. Wood, late of H.M.'s Madras Army.
At East Bilney, the Rev. F. S. Margetts, to
Emma, daa. of J. Collison, esq.. East Bilney-
hall, and Southern-lodge, Brixton, Sarroy.
At Sabdcn, Whalley, Lancashire, W. Fenwick,
eldest son of Collingwood Forster Jackson, esq.,
of Sonth Jesmond - house, near Newcastle-on-
Tyne, to Constance, only dau. of Henry Kald,
esq., of Sabdcn, late of Blackheath.
At Walcot Church, Bath, T. Macdonald, only
son of the late Thomas Butler Parry, esq., of
Surinam, to Emily Augusta, fifth dau. of the
late Lieut.-Gen. Strover, Bombay Artillery.
Auff. 16. At Bathwiok, Wm. James McQrigor
Dawn, esq., late Ist Royal Dragoons, to CecUla
Elizabeth, second dau. of the late Archd. Wm.
Blane, esq., formerly Dcputy-Qovemor of the
Australian Agricultural Company, and Member
of Council and Collector of Customs in the Island
of Mauritius.
At South Hackney, William Talbot King,
esq., surgeon, of Thurlow-pl., Hackney-road,
grandson of the late Jas. Talbot, esq., of Stan-
ningfield-hall, to Lily, only child of the late
George Gl>-nes, esq., and granddau. of James
Little, esq., of King Edward's -road, South
Hackney.
At Burlingham, J. King, esq., H.M.*s Bombay
Civil Service, eldest son of the late Dr. King,
President of Queens' College, Cambridge, to
Bosetta, dau. of the late W. H. Jary, esq., of
Blofleld-lodgc, and sister of W. H. Jary, esq., of
Burlingham-house.
At Ditchingham, C. B. Walton, H.M.'8 28th
Madras Native Infantry, to Sarah Sophia, second
dau. of J. L. Bedingfcld, esq., Ditohingham-hall.
At St. Paul's, Hock Ferry, Wm. M. Murdock,
esq., of Syoamore*oottage, Ilandsvrorth, Stafford-
shire, to Emily, only dau. of Henry B. Lee, esq.,
of Grecn-bank-house, Rock Ferry.
Auff. 21. At Puddington, the Rev. Robert
Twyford Mills, M.A., Vicar of liaise, Somerset,
to Ellon Louisa, dau. of Charles Trevor, esq.,
Norfolk-crescent.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., John Richard
W(>8tgarlh Uildyard, esq., of Horslcy, Durham,
and of Ilutton Bonvillc-hall, Yorkshire, to Mary
Blanche, eldest dau. of Sir Digby Ncave, bart.,
of Dagnam-park, Essex.
At Willey, Warwickshire, Lionel Mabbott,
youngest son of the lute John Woodward, esq.,
of Strcele, Framfleld, Sussex, to Charlotte Clara
Morgan, eldest dau. of the Rev. Fred. Morgan
Payler, of Willey Rectory.
At Lcutherhcad, William, son of the Rev. J. R.
Lyon, Rector of PuUord, Cheshire, to Edith, dau.
of Edgar Corrie, esq., of Vale-lodge.
Auff. 22. At New Park-st. Chapel, the ReT.
James Archer Spurgeon, minister of Portland
Chapel, Southampton, to Emily Georgina, young-
est dau. of Gen. Sir John F. Burgoyne, bart.
At liOe, Kent, James Sidney Hargrove, esq.,
of Pcmbridge-crescont, Ba}'swater, and Parlia-
ment-st., Westminster, son of William Hargrove,
esq., St. Mar}''s, York, to Jessie, second dau. of
John Aird, esq., of the Grove, Lee.
At Hov«, ThomM Frederhsk, yooBgest foi
of the late Edward Wells, esq., of WalUngftiTdl,
Berks, to Helen Mary, eldest dan. of Edwsrd B.
Gardner, esq., of AdelaideHsreMent, Bri^litaii.
At Orpington, Jamee Maaoa, esq., of If ertola,
Portugal, to Isabd, fifth sarrivinff dmo. of
Charles Barry, esq., of the Priory, Orpington,
Kent.
Aug. 23. At Beiiin, Angnstos Berkeley Paffct,
esq.. Envoy Extraordinary and MiniBter Pleni-
potentiary to the Conrt of Copenhagen, to the
Countess of Hohenthal, maid-of-hoaoar to the
Princess Frederick William of Pmseia.
At Bnmeston, the Rer. Pennynan Warton
Worsley, Rector of littie Ponton, and Canon
Residentiary in Ripon Cathedral, to Caroline
Susannah, youngest dan. of the late W. R. L.
Serjeantson, esq., of Camp-hiil and Hanlith-balL
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., George Douglas
Pennant, esq., eldeet son of CoL tiie Hon. E.
Douglas and Lady Louisa Pennant, to Pamela,
second dan. of Sir Charles and Lady Enshnwt,
and niece of Lord and Lady Foley.
At Burton Pedwardine, near Slealbrd, Heniy
Valentine Grantham, esq., of Scawby, Oapt.
Royal North Lincoln Militia, to Emily Ann,
second dau. of Rich. Mason, esq., of Atherston-
place, Lincoln, fbrmerly, and during many ycar^
town clerk of the city; and Henry Snow, eyq.,
of Sleaford, to Agnes Jane, the youngest dan. of
Mr. Mason.
At Croydon, Henry Dawson, esq., of Leeds, ts
Ann, second dao. of the late John FIsiier, esi|i,
and widow of John Henda Holloiray, esq.,
solicitor, of East Leigh, Havant, Hantai
At SUidbum, Sam. Birohall, esq., of Leeds, te
Mary King, only sunriving dau. of the late B6M.
Bleazard, esq., of Slaidbum.
At Richmond, Dr. Hardwieks^ of Leeds, to
Eleanor, third dau. of Leonard Oooke, esq^ of
Terrace-house, Richmond.
At Sydenham, Frederick, seeond son of George
Haxcldine, esq., Anglefield, Oodstone, Surrey,
to Eliza Harriett, eldest dan. of Samuel Little,
esq., Sydcnham-hill.
At St. Mary's, Bathwiok, T. GilUng GiUing,
esq., M.A., Wadham College, Oxford* and of
H.M.'s 22nd Regt., to Fanny Jane, second dan.
of the late Thomas Gilbert, esq., of noltow-hall,
Staffordshire.
Aug. 25. At St. Peter's, Pimlioo, Lient.-CoL
Charles Baring, Coldstream Guards, to Helen,
youngest dau. of the Right Hon. Sir J. Gnhamt
bart., M.P.
At Paris, the Baron Vletor d'Huart^ of Longwy,
Moselle, to Isabella Frederioa, dan. of the late
Col. William GranviUe-Eliot, B.H. Artillery, of
Valebrook, Sussex*
Aug. 26. At Hurst, Berks, Henry Ifayle
Whiehelo, esq., of Oakshade. Leathcrhead,
Surrey, to Catherine Fyfe, dan. of the late Ci^t.
Charles Doyne SiUery, of the Royal ArtlUcry.
Aug. 28. At St. Glnvias, Lient. Henry Rogers^
R.N., son of the late Rev. Canon Rogers, of Psa-
rose, to Jane Mary, eldest dan. of Samnel Enyi^
esq., of Enys, CornwalL
At Plymouth, the Rer. Frsteick Joha Book%
I860.]
Marriages.
427
Rector of Rampisham, Dorset, and Prebendary
of Salisbury, to Ellen Trelawny, dau. of the late
Edward Jagro, esq., of Plymouth.
At Wolditcb, Capt. James Qharles Still, late
3rd Dragoon Guards, second son of the late
Rev. Peter Still, of Cattistock, Dorset, to Eliza
Margaret, only dau. of Joseph Gundry, esq., of
Ilyde, Dorset.
At St. Mary's, Bryanston-sq., James Arthur
Yonge, ec>q., barrister-at-law, and Recorder of
Barnstaple and Bideford, to Hannah, eldest dan.
of the late Andrew Rogers, esq., of Dublin.
At Clapham, John Clode, youngest son of the
late William Braddon, esq., of the Bengal Civil
SerTice, and of Blacklands, to Julia, youngest
dau. of the Rev. W. A. Dawson, M.A., late Vicar
of Filtwick, Bedfordshire.
At Trinity Church, Marylebono, Herbert,
younger son of the late Lord James Stuart, to
Fanny Adelaide, third daa of John Labouchcre,
esq., of Broom-hall, Surrey.
At Westminster, Marcus, eldest son of Joseph
Sharpc, esq., of the Cedars, Old Charlton, Kent,
to Emily Rawlins, dau. of George Banks, esq.,
of Abingdon-st., Westminster, and Couchmore-
house, Thames Ditton, Surrey.
At Hove Church, Brighton, the Rev. Henry
Brass, B.A., F.G.S., assistant minister of St.
Stephen's, Brighton, second son of Wm. Brass,
esq., of Clifton, to Mary, youngest dau. of the
late David Padwick, esq., of Thomey Island,
Sussex.
At Pittochrie, N.B., W. F. Kemp, M.A., of the
Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, and eldest son
of the Rev. E. C. Kemp, Rector of Whissonsett,
Norfolk, to Julia Lane Grace, third surviving
dau. of the late Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford,
D.C.L., Oxon.
Au(/. 29. At Ashridgc, Lient.-Ool. the Hon.
Peregrine Cust, uncle of the Earl Brownlow, to
Frances, widow of Augustus Frederick, late
Earl of Albemarle.
At St. George's, Bloomsbury, William F. Rae,
esq., of Lincoln's-inn, to Sarah Eliza, second
dau. of J. Fordati, esq., of Upper Bedford-place,
and the Sycamores, Isle of Man.
Aug. 30. At Bramsholt, Hampshire, the Rev.
II. Callendar, Rector of Ilatherop, Gloueester-
shire, formerly Fellow and Tutor of Magdalene
College, Cambridge, to Annie Cecilia, eldest dau.
of W. T. Longboume, esq., of Fowley, Hamp-
shire, and Gray's-inn, London.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Thomas Russell,
esq., eldest son of the late John Russell, e«>q., of
Wallington-houae, Bloxwich, Staffordshire, to
Emily, third dau. of William Harrison, esq., of
Norton-hall, in the same county, and of East-
land-house, Leamington.
At Leigh, Essex, the Rev. Charles Gerrard
Andrewcs, youngest son of the late Rev. Gerrard
Thomas Andrewes, to Elizabeth Catherine,
youngest dau. of the late Yen. Walker King,
Archdeacon of Rochester.
At Thames Ditton, Patrick Johnston, banker,
of Flect-st., to Emma Jane, eldest dau. of the
Rev. Edward Lane Saycr, H.A., of Weston,
Thames Ditton, late Vioar of PoUozhill, Beds.
At Plymouth, John Robert Jolly, esq., of the
War Office, Pall Mall, to Caroline, youngest dau.
of Peter Adams, esq., Portland-villas, Plymouth.
At Ufifcnlme, Capt. Wm. Armytage, R. N.,
second son of the late John Armytage, esq., to
Jane Sarah, third dan. of Lord Bridport, and
widow of the late Capt. Sir Charles Hotham,
R.N., K.C.B.
At All Saints', St. John's Wood, Edward H.
Whittle, esq., surgeon, Brenchley, Kent, to
PhcBbe Eliza Brookes, of Roeebank, Carlton-hill,
St. John's-wood, youngest dan. of the late
Ebenezer Brookes, esq.. Hurst-green, Sussex.
At Reigate, Constantine Holman, M.D., to
Marion, younger dau. of William Street, esq..
Retreat, Reigate.
James Thomas, son of John Linnell, esq., of
Redhill, Surrey, to Elizabeth Muskett, eldest
dau. of Joseph Muskett Tetts, esq., of Homerton,
Midaiesex.
At Rotherfield, Sussex, the Rev. John Ellam,
to Emma, youngest dau. of George Earlo, eaq.,
ofHuU.
Sept. 1. At St George's, Hanover-sq., George
Frederick, only surviving son of the Rev. T. G.
Crompton, of Charlton, Yorkshire, to Marcia
Henrietta Mary, dan. of Charles Douglas Hal-
ford, esq., of Groevenor-aq., and of West-lodge,
Suffolk.
At Brighton, Henry Ernest Thesiger Williams,
esq., Capt. 3rd MacUras Europeans, son of the
late Capt. Henry Bryan Williams, of the Madras
Cavalry, to Mary Elizabeth, dan. of D. Graham
Johnstone, eoq., of Eaton-pl., Brighton.
At Warrington, the Rev. Wm. George Longden,
B.A., Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, and
of St. Peter's College, Radley, eldest son of
G. R. Longden, esq., of Doctors' Commons, to
Miriam Ada, only dau. of the Rev. W. Quekett,
M.A., Rector of Warrington.
At Longnor, J. R. Hartley, esq., of Ripon,
Yorkshire, to Emma, relict of Arthur Skeving-
ton, esq., of Barton-house, Derbyshire, and
eldest dau. of W. Johnson, esq., of the Fftwdd^
near Longnor, Staffordshire.
Sept. 2. At his residence, Oxford-terraoe, His
Excellency the Moulvee Museeh Ooddeen, K.B.,
the ex-Minister of Oude, to C. J. Bilke, second
dau. of the late Wm. Bilke, esq., and granddatu
of the late William Bilke, esq., of Martinstown.
Sept. 8. In Scotland, John Arthur Carthew,
esq., of H.M.'s 13th Light Dragoons, and only
son of Col. Carthew, to Annie Leigb, eldest dau.
of John Sargent, esq., solicitor, liskeard, and
niece of Thomas Sargent, esq., of Porchestor-
terrace North, Gloucester-gardens, Hyde-park.
At Sutton-on-the-Forest, Henry Cradook, esq.,
of Richmond, seoond son of the late CoL Cradook,
of Hartford, to Georgiana, dau. of the late Rev.
Slingsby Dnncombe Shafto, of Buckworth, Hunt-
ingdonshire, and niece to W. C. Harland, esq.,
of Sutton-hall.
Sept. 4. At Christ Church, West Hartlepool
W. J. Palmer, esq., of Clapham, Surrey, to
Catherine, fourth dan. of the late Ci^t. Ord, of
Coatham-house, Darlington.
At Wells, Norfolk, the Ber. J(dm BeUamf
428
Marriages.
[Oc(
Gilbert, A.B., Rector of Cantley, son of Wm. A.
Gilbert, esq., of Cantlcy-hall, to Mary Julia,
third dau. of the Rev. J. R. Hopper, A.M.,
Rector of Wells, and granddau. of the late
J. T. H. Hopper, esq., of Wilton-castlo, Durham.
At Brif^hton, Frederick William Lambert, esq..
Major in the Indian Army, son of Vice-Admiral
Sir George Robert Lambert, K.C.B., of Norbiton-
pl., Surrey, to Mary Jane, dau. of the late Gen.
Sir John Lambert, G.C.B., &e., of Woston-house,
Thames Ditton, Surrey.
At the Roman Catholic chapel, Richmond,
Edward Robinson, esq., of London, to Mary,
eldest dau. of William Priestman, esq., banker,
of the former place.
At Bcckingham, Thomas Martin Sholley, esq.,
H.M.'s nth Regt. Bengal N.I., to Mary Eliza-
beth, eldest dau. of Thomas Tong, esq., of Beck-
ingham-hall, Nottinghamshire.
Sept. 5. At Hcavitrce, Philip Wyatt Crowther,
esq., of Baring-lodge, to Penelope Antoinette,
youngest dau. of the late Richard Bentley, esq.
At St. James's, Piccadilly, Richard, only surviv-
ing son of Thomas J. Dixon, esq., of Ilolton-pk.,
Lincolnshire, to Lucy, duu. of the late S. Collin-
80D, esq., and niece of the late John Collinson,
esq., of Beltoft, in the same county.
At Brightwcll, SuflTolk, Trussen Collett, esq.,
of Bayswatcr, London, youngest son of the late
Cornelius Collett, esq., of Beverley, to Elizabeth
Charlotte, eldest dau. of the Rev. Woodthorpe
Collett, Incumbent of Brightwell-with-Kcsgrave.
At Chesterfield, the Rev. Robt. NichoU, Curate
of St. Helen's, Lancashire, to Maria Emma,
second dau. of Thomas Holmes, esq., of Chester-
field.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt. Ralph
Lesson, nephew of the Earl of Miltown, to Eliza-
beth Flora, only dau. of the Rev. G. II. Harding,
Vicar of St. Anne's, Wandsworth.
At Hsidlow, Frederick Arthur Cecil, fourth
son of the lute C. Lillingston, esq., of the Chantry,
Ipswich, to Charlotte Jane, fourth dau. of the
Rev. J. I. Monypenny, Vicar of Iladlow, Kent
At St. Peter's, Pimlico, Edwin, eldest son of
Richard Gregory, esq., of Youlgreave, to Hannah
Mary, only dau. of the late Samuel Davis Stovell,
esq.
Sept. G. At Stocklcigh English, Henry Swete,
youngest son of the late Edward Archer, esq., of
Trelaske, Cornwall, to Fanny, second dau. of
John Prestwood Bellew, esq., of Stockleigh-
court.
At St. John Lee, Alfred Frederick Adolphus
Slado, esq., Capt. in H.M.'s 100th Foot, eldest
son of Sir Frederick Slade, bart., of Maunsel-
house, Somersetsbire, to Mary Constance, second
dau. of William Cuthbert, esq., of Beaufhmt,
Northumberland.
At the Cathedral, Waterford, Henry Wilson,
second son of the late J. W. Sheppard, esq., of
Campspy Ashe, to Louisa Sophia, second dau. of
the Very Rev. E. N. Hoare, Dean of Waterford.
At Steeple Ash ton, Capt. Lewis Jones, 8th
(the King's) Regt., to Sarah Jane, only dau. of
Col. Crawley, Royal Engineers.
At StonegraTe, in the North Biding of lork-
shire, Henry Fotherlngham Hnnter, esq., i
Kilburne, Derbyshire, to Harriet Anne, secoi
dau. of Uie late Henry Dowker, eeq., of Ia-j
thorpe, Yorkshire.
At Penge, Surrey, Alfred Frederick Fitzn
Etheridge, of Melbourne, youngest eon of tl
late Thomas Etheridge, esq., of Clifton, Homeret
to Margaret, second dau. of James Beid, esq
of Sandhurst, Victoria.
At St. Peter's, Southwark, James Irvine; secoi
surviving son of the late Robert Menxies, esc;
of Upper Stamford-8t., to Mary Ann, seccmd dai
of James Benbow, esq., of Bankfrfde, and
Croydon, Surrey.
At Upton, Torquay, the Rev. John W. Wync
second son of Col. John Wynch, late of tl
Madras Artillery, to Mary Jane, yoangcst da
of Lieut. -Col. F. Minchin, late Mudriis Army.
At Milsted, Chas. Collins Onley Tylden Wiigb
esq., of Worksop, Notts, yoimgest sou of the la
Rev. E. C. Wright, Rector of PiUford, Nortl
amptonshire, to Elizabeth Jane, only child
Sir John Maxwell Tylden, of the Monor-hotu
Milsted, near Sittingbourne.
At the Catholic Church, Kingstown, Patrii
Joseph Keenan, esq.. Chief of Inspection, Bou:
of National Education, Ireland, to Elixabet
youngest dau. of Michael Quin, esq., J. I
Limerick.
Sept. 8. At Westerham, Edwin Toorey, esc
of Brussels, to Eliza Gibbs, second dan. of Rlc
Duppa Toovey, esq., of Westerham.
At Drumbo, Ireland, the Rev. T. C. Stanle
B.A., Chaplain to H.M.'s Forces, to Catherin
youngest dau. of the late John Harrison, est
of Mertoun-hall, co. Down.
At Maidstone, Mr. Edward W. Streatfield,
Ann Wynn, third dau. of William Baddsi, cs4
of Temple-house, Heath-road, Maidstone.
Sept. 11. At Sketty, Glamorganshire, Geori
John, second son of E S. Cayley, esq., M.P.,
Mary Anne Frances, eldest dan. of Montai
Wilmot, esq., yoimgest son of the late Sir Koj
Wilmot, bart., of Osmaston, Derbyshire.
At St. Thomas' English Episcopal Chapi
Edinburgh, Robert Bourchier, yonnjrcst son
the late Albany Savile, esq., of Oakland*,
Eliza Johanna, only dau. of the late Col. WilUa
Gordon Mackenzie, of the Bengal Army.
At Leamington, Warwickshire, Wm. Walla
Hargrove, esq., of York, to Mary, third dan.
W. Hood, esq., of Lansdowne-pl., liCamlngtoa
At St. Saviour's, Chelsea, Henry, third m
of the lute John Woodward, esq., of Streel
Framfield, Sussex, to Lydia, widow of R. Ham:
ton, esq.
At Wootton, Wm. Norton Persse, esq.. Boy
Artillery, to Rose, second dau. of the Ber. ▲/]
Mesham, Rector of Wootton, Kent.
At Seaham, near Sunderland, John Hard
Ravenshaw, esq., to Harriot lialande, yonngei
dau. of the late Lewis James Biggs, osq., ft
many years of the Admiralty, and of Bnunctt
near Scvcnoaks, Kent.
At All Saints', Fulham, Albert Dixon, esq
solicitor, of Bedford-row, fifth wtm of Henry .
Dixon, esq., of Aston-Iodge, Hove, 8aseez« t
/•
I860.]
Marriages.
429
Mary Elizabeth, eldest dau. of Henry Laumann,
esq., LL.D., Parsons- green, Fulham.
Sept. 12. At Niddrie-house, Lieut.-Ck)l. the
Hon. Dayrollcs Blakeney dc Molcyns, eldest son
of Lord Ventry, of Bumham-house, co. Kerry,
to Harriet Elizabeth Frances, eldest dau. of
Andrew Wauchope, esq., of Niddrie Marischal.
At Newcastle-upon-Tyne, John Blackwell, esq.,
Mayor of Newcastle-upon-T)Tie, to Ann, widow
of Benjamin Tulloch, esq., of the same place.
At Ashford, Kent, Arthur T. Beechlng, esq.,
of Tonbridge, to Ellen, second dau. of Walter
Murton, esq., of East Stour, Ashford.
At St. Nicholas, Brighton, Ames Goren, esq.,
Capt. H.M.'s 19th Regt., to Agnes Clayton,
youngest dau. of the late Berkeley Bead, esq.,
formerly R.N., of Fishboume, Sussex.
At Addington, William, eldest son of William
Dickinson, esq., of Wickhara-hall, Kent, to Mary,
youngest dau. of Thos. Warlters, esq., of Heath-
field, Addington, Surrey.
At Higham, Kent, J. G. Stiffe, esq., of Dussel-
dorf, Prus<»ia, to Laura T. Malleson, second dau.
of J. Malleson, esq., formerly of Wimbledon,
Surrey.
At St. Paul's, York, William Hill, esq., of Sun-
derland, to Isabelle Mary, eldest dau. of Thomas
Fawcitt, esq., of York.
At Aston, Yorkshire, Lieut.-Col. Frederick A.
Willis, C.B., son of Major-Gen. Willis, R.A., to
Augusta Emma, eldest dau. of John G. Young,
esq., of Brighton.
At Llangocdmore, Thomas Harman Brenchley,
esq., to Emily Sarah, only dau. of Lieut.-Col.
Vaughan, of Llangoedmore-placc, Cardiganshire.
Sept. 1.3. At Syston, Frederick Richard, second
son of Richard Morley, esq., Knighton, to Helen
Mary Frances, only dau. of Thomas Woodcock
Needham, esq., of the former place.
At Aston, Yorkshire, Lieut.-Col. Frederic A.
Willis, C.B., son of Major-Gen. Willis, R.A., to
Augusta Emma, eldest dau. of John G. Young,
cs<i., of Brighton.
At All Souls', Langham-pl., Henry Campbell,
esq., second son of Sir James Campbell, of Staca-
thro, Forfarshire, to Sarah Charlotte, only dau.
of the late Major-Gen. Sir Charles Bruce, K.C.B.
At Hagworthingham, Lincolnsh., Arthur Regi-
nald St. C. Radcliffe, third son of Sir Joseph Rad-
clifTe, bart., of Rudding-park, to Georgiana, third
dau. of the Rev. F. Pickford, Rector of Hag-
worthingham.
At An sty, the Rev. C. Coker Beck, Incumbent
of St. Paul's, Foleshill, to Sarah Coker, third dau.
of the late Rev. T. Coker Adams, Vicar of Ajisty,
Warwickshire.
At St. Nicholas's Chapel, King's Lynn, the Rer.
James John Cumming, M.A., Rector of Carlton
St. Mary's with St. Peter's, only son of the Rct.
James Cumming, Rector of North Runcton, Nor-
folk, and Professor of Chemistry in the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, to Helen Mary, second dau.
of Edwin E. Durrant, esq.. King's Lynn.
At St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar-sq.,
Jas. W. Macnabb, esq., of Her Majesty's Indian
Civil Service, to Amy, fifth dau. of Sir James
Weir Hogg, bart.
At Hagworthingham, Linco!nshire, Arthur
Reginald St. C. Radcliffe, third son of Sir Joseph
Radcliffe, of Rudding-park, bart., to Georgiana,
third dau. of the Rev. F. Pickford,. Rector of
Hagwo r thingham .
Sept. 14. At Wimbleton, . Henry Trelawny,
eldest son of Henry Mitford Boodle, esq., of
Davies-st., Berkeley-sq., and Lcinster-gardens,
to Emily Jane, eldest dau. of Alft-ed Giles, esq.,
of the Oaks, Wimbledon-park.
Sept. 15. At Christ Church, Paddington, Chas.
Wethercd WiUett, esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barris-
ter-at-law, and late Fellow of Clare College,
Cambridge, to Thomasina Georgiana, third dan.
of the late Thomas Harrison, esq., one of H.M.'s
Coiumissioners of Inland Revenue.
Sept. 18. At Trent Vale, Staffordshire, Thomas
C. Brown-Westhead, of Highfield-house, Burla-
stone, youngest son of J. P. Brown-Westhead,
esq., M.P., of Lea-castle, Worcestershire, to
Marian, fourth dau. of Geo. Fourdrinier, esq., of
the Villas, Stoke-upon-Trent.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt. Lord Eustace
Gascoyne Cecil, Col-.lstrcam Guards, third son of
the Marquis of Salisbury, to Lady Gertrude
Louisa Scott, fourth dau. of the late and sistef of
the present Earl of Eldon.
At Sidmouth, Charles Henry, son of the late
Rev. T. Horatio Walker, Vicar of Bickleigh,
Devon, to Emily Jane, dau. of the late Major-
General Slessor.
Sept. 19. At Edmondsham, Wm. Inglis, esq.,
Lieut.-CoL 57th Regt., eldest son of the late
Lieut.-Gen. Sir Wm. Inglis, K.C.B., Col. of the
57th Regt., to Mary, youngest dau. of the late
Hector B. Monro, esq., of Edmondsham, Dorset,
and E well-castle, Surrey.
At Denton, George Troyte Bullock, esq., only
son of George Bullock, esq., of North Coker-
house, Somersetshire, to Alice, third dau. of Sir
G. Earle Welby, bart., of Den ton-hall, Lincolnsh.
Sept. 20. At Reigate, Ellen Sarah, second dan.
of Stephen Dcndy, esq., of Sandfels, Reigate, to
Daniel, second son of John Watney, esq., of
Clapham-park.
At Bitton, near Bath, W. H. R. Godfrey, esq.,
Lieut, and Adjutant H.M.'s 35th Regt., Madras
Army, youngest son of the Rev. D. R. Godfrey,
D.D., of Bath, to Marianne, youngest dan. of F.
B. Mantle, esq., of WestoTer-house, Bitton.
430
[Od
#i)ituars!«
^Relatives or Friends supplying Memoirs are requested to append their AdSrenety \
order that a Copy of the Gentleman's Maqazinb coniaininy their Communieatioi
may be forwarded to them.^
H.R.H. THE Grand Duke op Mece-
lenbubo-Stbelitz.
Sept. 6. At Mecklenburg, aged 81,
George Frederick Charles Joseph, Grand
Duke of Mccklenburg-Strelitz, father of
the Hereditary Grand Duke Frderick Wil-
liam, who married the Princess Augusta
of Cambridge.
His Highness's indisposition caused
the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand
Duchess, who have been recently in Eng-
land with their son, l*rince Adolphus Fer-
dinand, to return home sooner than they
had intended, but it was thought after
their arrivHl that the Grand Duke was
getting better. His Highness was born
Aug. 12, 1779, and married, Aug. 12,
1817, Marie, daughter of the late Land-
grave of Hesse Casscl, a most amiable
lady, who survives him. He had succeeded
to the Grand Duchy the previous year.
The Derlin corrcsjxnident of one of our
daily papers has given some interesting
particulars relating to the deceased : —
" Tlie late Grand Duke was educate<l at
Darmstadt, durinsr the stormy times of
the French Revolution ; and the emigrants
from the French capital who visited tlie
little (Jcrman court, carried there such
accounts of the terrible doings of the red
republicans as influenced the mind of the
young * Hereditary Grand Duke,* and
caused him always to entertain a dis-
like of the French principles and 'ideas'
of the period. He went to Italy in 1802 ;
returned to Germany in 180t; and set-
tletl down quietly at Darmstadt, taking
no prominent part in public affairs, but
working quietly for the lil>eration of his
country from the thraldom in which it
was held by the first Napoleon. He at-
tended the Congrt»8fl of Vienna in 1814 ;
there he was one of the most outspoken
fot'H of France and the French ; and, by
contrast perhaps, he imbibed a gp:tiat fond-
ness for England, to which ooantry 1
shortly after pud a visit.
" His marriage, in 1817, appean to ha'
been a happy one; and, as a aorereig
< Grand Duke George* is said to ha^
been 'one of the wisest of the Qermi
rulers.' Wlien he suocepded hia fathc
'serfdom was still an institation of 1
country, but he at once abolished it ; an
by establishing schools throaghont tl
length and breadth of the little priiM
pality, he soon raised it from one of tl
most neglected into one of the mc
flourishing provinces of Northern Qt
many.' His manners Yerj much resei
bled those of George III. of Englai
Eschewing military life, he devoted hii
self to home and domestic pursuit*. I
probably never wore a military unifon
but was generally seen in a plain hla
coat, which hail, sometimes, a thread-ba
api)carance. He mixed little with 1
brother princes ; but he ' was seen trottii
day after day, for more than half a cc
tury, the streets of his capital, now ate
ping into the shop of a baker, and i
amining the size and quality of the loavc
and then again looking into a crowd
school-house, to see if the teachers wi
doing their duty, and his little ■nhjt'^
getting on with their reading, writii
and arithmetic* The duchv ia ama
the number of inhabitants under 100,01
When the late Grand Duke came into
possession ho found it in ' utter deiolatv
in ignorance, and serfdom ;' and left i'
flourishing little sUte, within whoae «
fines not a single beggar is to be Ibai
and where every man, woman, and cb
can read and write — and has aometbi
to eat. This is his best epitaph."
The Grand Duke leaves two aons a
one daughter. The prewnt Grand Dal
Ferdinand William, was bom Oct. 17, 18]
He is a lieut.-general in the IVussian am
and married the Princess Aug^usta on 1
28th of June, 18-13. His nster,the Duch<
Caroline, was bom Jan. 10, 1821, a
married the Crown Prince (now Kin
I860.]
Earl of Lauderdale. — The Countess Manvers. 431
of Denmark in 1841: the marriage was
not a happy one, and they separated in
18 16. His brother, the Duke George, bom
Jan. 11, 1824, is married to the Grand
Duchess Catherine Michaelowna, daughter
of the late Grand Duke Michael of Russia.
He is a general in the service of Russia,
and coloncl-in-chief of the 23rd Horse
Artillery.
Eabl of Laudebdalb.
Aug. 22. At Thirlestane Castle, Ber-
wickshire, aged 75, the Right Hon. James,
Earl of Lauderdale.
The deceased peer was son of the eighth
earl, by the daughter and co-heir of Mr.
Anthony Todd, secretary to the Post-
Office ; he was born in Wimpole-street in
178 1, and succeeded to the earldom on
the death of his father in 1839. His
lordship was heritable Standard-bearer of
Scotland, and Marshal of the Royal house-
h'ld there. Lord- Lieutenant of Berwick-
shire, and a Deputy-Lieutenant of Had-
dingtonshire. The first peer was Lord
Chancellor of Scotland, and the second
carl was created Marquis of March and
Duke of Lauderdale — honours which ex-
pired with him.
The Countess Mahtees.
Sept, 7. At Thoresby Park, aged 75,
the Countess Manvers.
Her ladyship was eldest daughter and
child of Mr. Anthony Hardolph Eyre, of
Grove, near Retford, by Francisca Alicia,
third daughter of Mr. Richard Wilbraham
Bootle, of Latham Hall, Lancashire, and
sister to the late Lord Skelmersdale. The
deceased Countess was born in London on
the 11th October, 1784. Her ladyship
was married by special license, at Grove
Hall, on the 23rd August, 1804, to the
Hon. Charles Herbert Pierrepont, eldest
son of Viscount Newark, afterwards M.P.
for the county of Nottingham, and the
present Earl Manvers, who succeeded his
father in the peerage as second earl on
the 16th of June, 1816. The issue of this
marriage was two sons and two daughters.
Of the sons, the first was Charles Evelyn,
Viscount Newark, born 2nd September,
1805, married 16th August, 1832, Emily,
second daughter of Lord Hatherton, but
died without issue at Torquay, Devonshire,
23rd August, 1850. He represented the
borough of East Retford in Parliament
from 1831 to 1835. His lady soon after
followed him to the grave. The second
son, Sidney William Herbert, was bom
12th March, 1825, and succeeded as Vis-
count Newark, on the demise of his elder
brother. He married 15th June, 1852,
Mademoiselle Georgiana Jane Elizabeth
Fanny de Coigny, daughter of Augustin,
Due de Coigny, and has issue, and is at
present M.P. for South Nottinghamshire.
The eldest daughter. Lady Mary Frances,
was born 16th March, 1819, and married
21st August, 1845, Mr. Edward Christopher
Egerton, M.P. The youngest daughter.
Lady Annora Charlotte, was born the
11th September, 1822, married 18th Au-
gust, 1853, Mr. Charles Watkins Williams
Wynn, M.P.
The Countess had been in a declining
state of health for some time, but about a
week prior to her death she was seized with
an attack of spasms in the region of the
chest. Up to within twenty-four hours
of her decease she retained all her fiusnl-
ties nearly unimpaired, and at intervals,
when free from ptun, conversed cheerfully
with the various members of her family.
The deceased for many years kept up and
supported a highly efficient school at the
pretty village of Budby, on the confines of
Thoresby Park, where a number of girls
were clothed and educated. Her lady-
ship also subsci'bed liberally to other
schools in the neighbourhood, such as Ed-
winstowe, OUerton, &c. Lady Manvers
was possessed of an excellent disposition,
and was greatly respected among the
higher classes of society; but it was
chiefly in the neighbourhood of her re-
sidence, and among the poor and needy,
that her works were best known. For
several years discreet almsgiving occupied
a considerable portion of her time; the
wants and necessities of her poorer neigh-
bours were unceasingly inquired into and
cared for ; and to most of the charitable
institutions in the county she was either.
432 Sir E. G. Ward, G.CM.G.—RL Eon. J. Wihon. [O
directly or indirectly, a liberal contributor.
— Nottingham Journal.
SiE Henet Geoeqb Wabd, G.C.M.G.
Aug, 2. At Madras, of cholera. Sir H.
G. Ward, the Governor, newly appointed
to succeed Sir Charles Trovelyan.
The deceased was the only son of
the late Mr. Robert Plumer Ward, of
Gilsion-park, Herts., by his first wife, the
daujrhter of Mr. C. T. Maling, of West
Heniington, Durham. He entered the
diplomatic service, and was at length ap-
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary for ac-
knowledging the Mexican republic j after
a time he returned to England, and was
elected M.P. for St. Albans from 1832 to
1837, and sat for Sheffield from 1837 to
1819. He was a man of much activity
and enterprise, was deeply concerned in
railway undertakings, and with the object
of forwarding his political views he esta-
blished a newspaper, the " Weekly Chro-
nicle." In 1846 he became Secretary to
the Admiralty, a post that he retained
until, in 1849, ho was appointed Lord
High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands,
and, in accordance with the usual ]>ractice,
was made a Grand Cross of the Order of
St. Michael and St. George. He jMirted
with his interest in the journal that he
had established, and proceeded to the seat
of his government; but soon after his
arrival there a rebellion broke out in Co-
j>halonia, which the new Governor re-
pressed with a promptitude and decision
that in Parliament and elsewhere was de-
nouncetl as "butchery." Sir Henry de-
fended himself with spirit, and at least
satisfied the government of Lord Palmer-
ston of his fitness to rule discontented de-
jK'ndencies. In 1855 he was removed to
Ceylon, w^here he remained until the sum-
mer of the present yenr, when he was ap-
pointed to Madras, to repress the troubles
that were cxi)ected to arise from Sir Chas.
Trtvelyan's protest against the new sys-
tem of Indian finance ; he died, how^ever,
within a few days of his arrival.
cial Member of the Indian Coundl
Calcutta.
The right hon. gentleman is descri
in "Dodd" as "the son of the late V
liam Wilson, esq., of Hawick-honte, B
burghshire, and brother to Walter V
son, Efiq., of Oxehand-house, in the in
county." He was bom in 1805» and fa
ing received a common English edncati
he entered into business as a hatter,
first in the country and subsequently
London, but he failed in each place,
then, with more success, devoted himi
to literature, chiefly of the politioo-c
nomical class, his principal works be
a volume on " The Influences of the C
Laws," which appeared in 1839 ;
other on the " Fluctuations of Curren
Commerce, and Manu&ctnres," in 18-
a third in 1811, entitled "The Roveio
or. What should the Chancellor do ?" i
a fourth in 1847, called " Capital, C
rency, and Banking." In 1843 he ei
blished, under the patronage of the 1
Earl Fit z William, the " Economist** ne
paper. Tlie first number appeared on
2iid of Sept. of that year, and he ^
chief editor for several years ; his com
tion with it not ceasing till he went
India. In 1847 he was first returned
Parliament for Westbury, Wiltshire.
1848 he was appointed Secretary to
Board of Control, which office he held
March, 1852. When the Aberdeen C
11 tion Ministry came into power, he <
appointed financial secretary to the Ti
sury, and held this office till March, IS
When the second Coalition Ministry <
formed, last year, ho accepted the of
of Vice-President of the Board of Tn
which he resigned to go to India as Fina
Minister. His short career there will
only distinguished by the great alterat
he effected in the financial arrangemc
of the country, and the introdoction of
income-tax.
Mr. Wilson married, in 1882, Elizabc
daughter of William Pteston^ Esq.,
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
The ItiflUT Hoy. Jahes Wilson.
Aug, 11. At Calcutta, of cholora, aged
65, the Hight Hon. James Wilson, Fiuau-
12
G. T. TnoMPSOX, Esq.
Aug. 9. Killed at Dover, by the hm
ing of a gnu, George Thomas Tliompi
I860.]
G. T. Thompson, Esq. — M. Dumeril.
433
Esq., Lieut, in the Dover Volunteer Artil-
lery Corps.
George Thomas Thompson, bom at
Dover in 1808, established himself there
in the legal profession in 1832, and suc-
cessively received the appointmenta of
Coroner to the Borough and Liberties,
Registrar to the Commissioners of Dover
Harbour, Clerk to the Turnpike Trustees,
Clerk to the Commissioners of Income-tax,
and Clerk to the County Magistrates. He
enjoyed, in addition to these, an extensive
and increasing private practice. He was
a man of sound judgment and cool discri-
mination, and was looked up to by the
members of his profession for his skill and
acumen.
Whether in his professional or other
pursuits, his high tone of gentlemanly
feeling and urbanity of manner won for
him the esteem and regard of all who
knew him.
His taste for the fine arts, for history
and antiquarian pursuits, was developed
at an early age. He took great interest
in and was a constant contributor of speci-
mens of natural history, as also of antiques,
to the Dover Museum founded by his bro-
ther, E. P. Thompson. The historical de-
corations of the pavilion erected for the
banquet to the Lord Warden of the
Cinque Ports in 1838 were mainly from
his designs. He was one of the earliest
promoters of the restoration of the Maison
Dieu Hall, furnished the subjects for the
western window, and had just completed
those for the six side-windows, when the
accident occurred which deprived him of
his life. The whole of these subjects are
historical, connected with Dover, and em-
bracing a period between A.D. 1216 and
1660. Mr. Thompson's knowledge of and
love for history and heraldry enabled him
to group together events, which have been
as carefully and finely treated by the
artist *, and the windows will be a great
ornament to the town.
Mr. Thompson was a warm supporter
of the Volunteer movement ; he organized
a cadet corps for youths who at their leisure
might learn the preliminary drill, and be
*■ Edward, son of Ambrose Poynter, Architect.
Gbnt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
eventually drafted into any volunteer corps;
and greatly assisted in forming the First
Cinque Ports Artillery Corps, of which he
was an officer ; and it was in the discharge
of his duty with that body that he lost his
life while engaged at ball practice at the
Archcliff Fort.
His loss has been deeply felt by all
classes : those in the higher circles admired
his talent, research, and unostentatious
abilities ; those among the poor respected
him for his kindly and charitable as well
as upright and manly character.
He married, in 1840, the elder daughter
of the late Thomas Pattle, Esq., who sur-
vives him.
M. Dumebil.
Aug, 14. At Paris, Andr^ Marie Con-
stant Dumeril.
This celebrated naturalist was bom at
Amiens on the 1st of January, 1774. He
obtained in 1793, after competition, the
office of President of the Anatomical
School, and in 1794 that of Prosec-
teur to the Medical University in Paris.
There it was that he commenced that
friendship with George Cuvier which only
ceased when the author of "The Animal
Kingdom" was removed by death. In
1799 Dumeril was chosen to preside
over the anatomical preparations of the
faculty, a success the more honourable to
him as the post was sought also by Du-
puytren. Two years after — and again
after competition also— he gained the
chair of Anatomy in the same establish-
ment. Dr. Henry Roger said of him
that "Dumeril gave quite a new deve-
lopment to the study of anatomy; his
was not any description of an individual
anatomy, it was a tableau of the animal
kingdom as a whole. In a word, his was
the merit of having introduced compara-
tive anatomy at a time when that science
was quite a new thing." Hence it was
that, when Cuvier was looking out for one
to succeed himself as teacher of Natural
History at the Central School of the Pan-
theon, his choice naturally fell upon the
young anatomical prosecteur.
M. Dumeril was so absorbed in hig
3f
434 Mr. E. D. Evans,— Josh. Locke, Esq., M.P., F.B.8. [Oct.
zoological and anatomical studies that lie
became a teacher in them before he gra-
duated in medicine. It was not until
1802 that he kept, as his exercise, a thesis
upon the means of improving and extend-
ing anatomical science. From 1803 to
1825, at which time Dum^ril succeeded
Lacepede as Professor of Erpetology and
Ichthyology at the Museum of Natural
History, he acted as that professor's
deputy. In 1822 he exchanged the chair
of Anatomy at the university for that of
Physiology, which ho resigned in 1830,
that he might take that of Internal Pa-
thology. In 1816 he was invited to fill
the place of Tenon in the section of Ana-
tomy and Zoology in the Academy of
Sciences.
Upwards of half a century, dedicated
by M. Dum€ril to lecturing and teaching,
did not hinder him, however, from pro-
ducing several essays, wliich were in.-
serted in the chief scientific reviews of the
day, and many important works besides.
The chief of these are the first two volumes
of the " Lessons of Comparative Anatomy
of Cuvier," all the myological portion of
which may be considered as the proper
work of Dumdril ; an " Elementary Trea-
tise of Natural HUtory," (Paris, 1803,)
several editions of which have appeared
since that date : then " Analytical Zo-
ology, or the Natural Method of Classifying
Animals," (Paris, 1806, 8vo.); "General
Considerations on the Class of Insects,"
(Paris, 1823, 8vo.) ; " General Erpetology,
or Natural History of Reptiles," nine
volumes, with an atlas, (Paris, 1831 to
1854,) in which latter work Bibron was
associated with him; a "Classification
of Fishes," published m the " Reports of
the Academy of Sciences," 1855: then
" Analytical Entomology," which in 1859
formed the thirty-first volume of the
Memoirea de rAcad6mie, In this last
work, which was the fruit of sixty years
of study and observation, he has divided
insects into their natural families, and ap-
plied for the determination of their genera
those principles of which he had laid the
foundation in his "Analytical Zoology." —
Qalignani,
Mb. Edwasd Dattd ETJJra.
Aug. 16. Aged 43, Mr. EdwAtd DaTid
Evans, the emUient printseller, of No. 403^
Strand.
He was the eldest son of Mr. Edward
Evans, who was brought np a printer in
the office of Messrs. Nichols and Son,
then of Red Lion-passage, Fleet-atreet, in
whose establishment he was afterwards
a valued reader. But he early atmck out
for himself a more amusing and lucratiTe
occupation, as a second-hand printaeller, in
Great Queen-street, Lincoln*s-Inn-FU»ld«,
and soon accumulated an immense atodc
of prints, which he had the deverneaa and
industry to sort and arrange to meet the
convenience of his numetons costomera, so
that at the time of his early death he was
decidedly at the head of his pecoliar busi-
ness. To the regret of his friends, he died
at the age of 46, Nov. 24, 1835, and he is
noticed in our Magasine for that year.
Part II., p. 663.
Fortunately, his aflbetionate wife, Mrs.
Anne Evans, had been his indastrioas
assistant in his business, which she car-
ried on with much saccett, in ooi^nncUon
with her two sons. In 1863 the business
had so outgrown his original premises that
it was removed to the Btomd.
The eldest son, whose death we now
record, was from early advantages equal,
if not superior, to his fkther in his know-
ledge of the value and scarceneas of prints.
He has left few, if any, in the trade more
conversant with them. His death will be
regretted by a large circle of cuatomera and
friends, and will be a severe afBiction to
his widow and four children. The bonness
will be carried on by hit brother, Mr.
Albert Evans, who was his partner in
trade.
Joseph Looks, Esq., M.P., F.B.S.
Sept. 18. At Mofiat, aged 5^ Joaeph
Locke, Esq., M.P. for Homtoa.
The deceased was bom in 1806, at At-
tencliffe, near Sheffield, and waa edncated
at the Bamsley Grammar-school, whence
ho was taken to be placed onder Qeorge
Stephenson at Newcastle-on-l^nc^ and
from him he learned the elemeato of faia
I860.] Obituary.— Jb^^A Locke, Esq., M.P., F.R.S. 435
profession. After five or six years, that
is to say, iu 1826, Qeo. Stephenson became
the cbief engineer of the Manchester and
Liverpool Railway, which it was now de-
termined to commence. Joseph Locke
was engaged at once on the works of tins
line, and remained actively employed npon
them until its opening on the 14th of
September, 1830. Daring this interval
bis experiments as to the right motive
power were an important contribation to
the sQcccss of this great work, and in con-
junction with the Stephensona he was in-
strumental in determining the superior
capabilities of the locomotive. In the
controversy wluch ensued on this critical
question Joseph Locke took a prominent
part. In conjunction with Kobt. Stephen-
son he collected the results, which they
stated in a joint pamphlet, and which may
be said to have settled the practical ques-
tion of their time. Henceforth it was
allowed, to use the simile of their cbief,
that the rail and whe«l were " man and
wife," tho wheel in question being the
wheel of the locomotive. Rope traction
was still used for a time in exceptional
cases, and easy gradients were at first
deemed indispensable for the moving en-
gine. It was one of the boasts of Locke
that he subsequently adopted lines of gra-
dient far more steep than had ever before
been held suitable for its powers. After
having joined in launching the locomotive,
he imposed upon it its most arduous tasks.
Shortly after the completion of the
Mauchcster and Liverpool line, the project
of a railway from its Warring^n branch
to Birmingham was revived, and this line
was commenced in 1832 or 1838. George
Stephenson was at first the engineer, but
the line was eventually constructed by
Locke, and opened on the 6th of July,
1837, being then designated the Qrand
Junction. It included some heavy works,
such as the Dutton and Vale Royal via-
ducts, and was the occasion of some im-
provements in the rails and their fixing
by the use of the heavy doable-headed
rail and wooden key. But another boast
of its engineer was its marked commercial
success, and the encouragement it afforded
tu the commencement of other-railways by
its construction for a sum actually within
the estimate, and at a cost only of from
£14,000 to £15,000 a-mile.
Capital was consequently invested larg^cly
in nmilar undertakings under Locke's cU-
rections, who had thus obtained the rare
reputation of being an economical ang^et-r.
The Lancaster and Preston line was thus
commenced in 1887, and was opened in
1840, in which latter year the Sheffield
and Manchester line was also undertaken.
Some time previous to the completion of
the Grand Junction line a railway from
London to Southampton had been also
commenced. To this last Locke was even-
tually named engineer, and his duef at-
tention was given to its works after the
completion of the Grand Junction. The
first section of the line from Nine Elms to
Woking was opened on May 21, 1838;
and the whole nudn line was completed
on May 11, 1840, nnce which period
numerous branches have been added. Of
the works on this South- Western line
the Micheldever embankment, near Win-
chester, may be named as one of the
principal; it is 90 ft. in height Economj
in construction continued still to be a
characteristic of Locke's works, and a dis-
tinction which he strove zealously and
effectually to retain.
From Southampton it was natural that
he should turn to France, where numer-
ous projects were subseqnently set on foot
by him as engineer, — as, for example, the
Paris and Rouen, and Rouen and Havre
lineq, which he completed; a line from
Paris to Lyons, constracted under another
engineer; and the Caen and Cherbourg
line, which was opened in 1856. For the
Paris and Rouen line he received, in 1845,
the decoration of the Legion of Honour
from King Louis Philippe. He also de-
signed and superintended the line between
Barcelona and Mattaro in Spain, and the
Dutch Rhenish Railway, of which the
final portion was completed in 1866.
During the construction of the works on
the continental lines Locke bad joined
with him as his coadjutor in profesnonal
practice Mr. John Edfrard Errington;
and together they oonstructed the Lan-
caster and Carlisle, the East LaDOMbiro^
43G
Obituaey. — Rev. D, Laing.
[Oct.
tlie Caledonian, the Scottish Central, the
Scottish Midlnnd, and the Aberdeen Bail-
ways, and the Greenock Railway and
Docks. Notwithstanding the heavy works
on the Caledonian line, it was constructed,
with the platforms and roadside stations,
for less than £16,000 a mile. This eco-
nomy of construction was attained by the
adoption of steeper gradients, which Locke
deliberately elected, and rather from cau-
tion tban audacity, sustaining the economy
of his principle, subject to some qualifica-
tions, in the face of many rivals. His
early study of the locomotive engine led
him to take great interest also in the
engine works which were established at
Crewe, and "the Crewe engine" — con-
structed on a system by which each of
the several parts of an engine is made
with mathematical accuracy, and repeated
in duplicate so as to fit indifierently any
engine — was the novel as well as success-
ful result.
The peculiar characteristic of Locke's
career was the firmness and decision with
which, throughout all his projects, he
avoided the construction of great and too
costly works. His viaducts were of ordi-
nary dimensions, though some of them
were of admirable construction — such as
those across the bold ravines of the north
of England and Scotland. In every case
they are exactly fitted to the places they
occupy; and in the same manner his
bridges over the Thames and the Seine are
distinguished for their adaptation to their
position, the lightness and simplicity of
their construction, and the elegance of
their design.
An engineer with such qualifications,
and so recommended to shareholders by
his caution and judgment, united to his
great talents, had naturally an eminent
career before him. In common with the
most fortunate of his profession, he enjoyed
golden opportunities, and, in conjunction
with Stephenson and Brunei more particu-
larly, he may be said to have completed
the Triumvirate of the engineering world.
Ho was its President tifter Robert Ste-
phenson's death. lie was also a Fellow
of the Hoyal Society, and M.P. for Honi-
-ton, which he represented continuously
from 1847. He was a oonsifltent liiberal.
— independent, for be bad so made him-
self by his own exertions, as the arclytect
of a large private fortane, honomrably and
fairly acquired by his talents and by his
services to his generation. He died of that
acute disease termed the Iliae Panum^
a seizure by which is so difficult of treat-
ment and so commonly fatal. On the
preceding morning be first became aware
that he was not in his ordinary health,
although he had been reermting himself
at Mofiat for the previous five weeks, as
his custom was at this time of year, and
enjoying the shooting in Annandale;, which
ho bad rented for the last eight or ten
years. As if sensible of his peril, he at
once sent for medical aid, and Dr. Mnnro
of Moffiit, with Dr. Hunter, apee^ly
reached him, and rendered him all the
professional service in their power; bat
their efibrts to mitigate the pun or arrest
the progress of the disease were only par-
tially successfuL The sdzure took a rapid
and fatal course, and a little after eight
o'clock on the following day he died.
It is, indeed, not a little remarkable
that his death should follow so suddenly
upon those of Stephenson and Brunei, to
whose position it may be said he was the
legitimate heir, as the remaining chief of
the engineering world. Whatever diffi-
culty there may be now in asrigning pre-
eminence to those who sorviye, the civil
engineers bad agreed in according priority
to Locke, who succeeded Robert Stephen-
son as the President of their InstituUoo.
This position was unquestionably bia doe
as the chief representative of the Stephen-
son school, Locke having been the pupil
of George Stephenson, the father, and
first the coadjutor and afterwarda the
competitor of Robert Stephenaon, the son.
^The Times.
Ret. D. Linra.
A correspondent has communicated some
further particulars respecting thia much-
esteemed clergyman, whose decease was
briefly noticed by os in September last
(p. 321) :—
<<Mr. Laing, M.A., F.R.S., of Peter-
I860.]
Clergy Deceased,
437
house, Cambridge, has left a name for
general philaiitbropy, already much hon-
oured, and worthy of eam^ imitation.
His first metropolitan employments were.
Chaplain of the Middlesex Hospital, and
Honorary Chaplain of the St. Ann's So-
ciety Schools, in both of which he evinced
great conscientiousness and humanity. For
the Hospital patients he composed, or com-
piled, a series of special 'Tracts,' which
hiivc been highly commended by competent
judges. Having accepted in 1847 a new
parochial charge in St. Pancras, he 'threw
himself* into a rather poor district, and
commenced the erection of a spacious and
really stately church — Trinity, Haverstock
Hill— at his own risk. Great part of the
cost, about £12,000, including schools,
came from his own purse; and having
made himself answerable for more, he was
for some years embarrassed, having also
resigned his stipend towards the debt. In
1857 Bishop Tait preferred him, purely
from merit, to the rectory of St. Olave's,
Hart-street; where, though his incumbency
was but brief, he has left an enduring
memory.
'' Mr. Laing by no means confined his
efforts to do good to the boundaries of his
parochial charges. The ' Oovemesees* Be-
nevolent Association,' lastingly useful to
a highly meritorious class, owns him as
its real founder ; as does a ' Play-groand
Society,* though this last, from no default
of his, has been a failure; and he was an
active supporter of various Societies for
widows and orphans. In one of the funeral
sermons preached on the occasion of his
decease, by the Rev. J. V. Povah, President
of Sion College, it is stated that he has,
at his own cost, rescued many 'unfortu-
nate' females, maintained them for a time,
and procured them situations, and even
marriages. And he is known, besides per-
sonal charity, to have raised numerous
subscriptions for reduced persons, includ-
ing literary men, and probably artists.
''The deceased was a good clasncal
scholar, and has published sermons and a
Biblical work. A favourite seal motto of
his was a passage of Shakespeare, —
' There is a ProTidenee which shapes onr ends,
Rougb-bew them how we will;' —
akin to the French saying, ' L'homme j>ro-
|)ose, mais Dieu dispose" — Mr. Laing has,
indeed, left a 'good name, better than
precious ointment,' and, it may be hoped,
has ' entered into his rest.' "
CLERGY DECEASED.
A tiff. 11. At Havering, aged 60, the Bev. John
U Bell, Uector of Kirkley.
Aug. 21. At Ludgate-lodge, Katbo, near Edin-
burgh, aged 26, the Rev. Wm. J. Ree», M.A.,
Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, eldest
eon of Thomas Bees, esq., LiverpooL
At Escrick, near York, aged 70, the Rev.
Frederick Peel, Prebend of Lincoln Cathedral,
and formerly Rector of Willingham, and son of
the late Lawrence Peel, esq., of Ardwick.
Aug, 22. At Newcastle-upon-Tyne, aged 57,
the Rev. David Cunningham Browning, M.A.,
Chaplain of the Newcastle Borough OaoL
Atig. 23. At Morton-upon-Swale, very sad*
denly, aged 58, the Rev. Wm. Cross,
Aged 74, the Rev. Jos^h Dale, M.A., Vioar of
Bolney.
Aug, 25. At Clapham-eommon, aged 78, the
Rev. Henry Worsley, LL.D., Rector of Hayes,
Middlesex.
Aug, 26. At the Vicarage, aged 55, the Rev.
Lewis Furhriek, M.A., Vicar of Chippenham,
WUts.
Aug. 27. At Harberton, Devon, (by his own
hand,) the Worship Ail Oeorge Martin, M.A,
Chancellor of the diocese of Szeter, CajCLxm. of
Exeter, and Vicar of Harberton, Devon^ For
some weeks the rev. gentleman's friends had ob-
served peculiarities in his conduct, which caused
them much uneasiness. His accustomed self-
possession and remarkable strength of mind had
given way to extreme nervousness and ground-
less apprehensions, which ^dted and deprrased
him by turns. Daring the last week of his lifls,
particularly, certain circumstances connected
with a then pending suit in Chancery, affecting
the charities of the village of Harberton ; a dis-
pute in the parish itself, with regard to a propo-
sition for re-seating the church ; and a bosiness
transaction, having reference to the repair of
Bockford-hoose, which he had presented to the
new incumbent of Harberton Ford Church, preyed
upon his mind. So strange was his behaviour,
and so evident the aberration of the rev. gentle-
man's intellect, that the attention of the fkmUy
medical man, Mr. Owen, of Totnes, was directed
to the circumstances by a fHend. On Sunday
morning the Chancellor preached in the parish
church, and in the afternoon he read prayers, the
Rev. Mr. Oreenhill, the curate, preaching tie
sermon. During the day he also baptised a
child. His manner in the pulpit in the morning,
and in the desk in the afternoon, attracted the
attention of the congregation. His eye was seen
to wander fitfUUy about the building, and his
hands were constantly twitching, evincing a oon-
ditloa of strong nervous excitement. From the
close of the afternoon's service until a late hour
in the evening, Mrs. Martin and Mr. T. C. Kd-
lock, of Totnes, who was his legal friend, were
with him ; and he then expressed his fear that
his peeuniary aflSdrs were gohig wrong, and his
determination to reduce his household expendi-
tare. For these apprehensions there was not the
least foundatioa. He would not, however, allow
himself to be convinced of this, nor of the pround-
lessness of other fears which troubled his mind.
During the night he slept uneasily, and on M<»il-
day morning complained of a spasmodic pain
438
Obituary.
[CX
througrh bis heart. His condact whilst dressing
greatly alarmed Mrs. Martin, who remained as
near him as he would allow. But, notwithstand-
ing every precaution, the unfortunate gentleman
seized an opportunity when Mrs. Mai tin was in
another part of the room, and cut his throat in
two places. He lingered about an hour, but,
though promptly attended, no medical aid could
save his life.
In London, aged G2, the Rev. James Thomas
Round y B.I)., Prebend of 8t. Paul's, and Rector
of All Saints', Colchester, and late Dean Rural of
Colchester.
At the Rectory, the Rev. John Benson^ M.A.,
Rector of Norton-under-Hambdon, Somerset.
Aug. 28. Aged 27, the Rev. Wm. Walker ^
M.A., Vicar of Croft, Lincolnshire.
Aug. 30. The Ven. Richard Panton, D.D.,
Archdeacon of Surrey, Jamaica.
Aug. 31. Killed by a fall through a crevice of
the Windacher Glacier, in the Otzchal, Tyrol,
aged 39, the Rev. William Grey Watson^ M.A.,
Resident Chaplain to the Hon. Society of Benchers,
Gray's Inn, and grandson to Richard Lord Bp.
of Llandaff.
Sept. 1. At Mount-pl., aged S4, the Rev. John
Morrison Snody^ M.A., Chaplain of the London
Hospital.
At Vineyards, Bath, aged 68, the Rev. John
Peregrine Lascelles Fenwi4:ky M.A.
Sept. 3. Suddenly, aged 31, the Rev. Roibert
Alexander Hamilton, Incumbent of Ballisodare.
He was of a d' licato constitution, but possessed a
kindly and loving heart, and a manly, noble in-
depcndenoe. He was proceeding with the usual
service in apparently good health, but whilst
in prayer he was observed to falter the last few
words he was heard to speak. Before his con-
gregation had time to turn round he had fallen ;
Dr. Adam Simpson, who was in the church, im-
mediately went to his assistance, but he had
broken a blood-vessel of the heart, and life was
extinct. — SHgo Independent.
Sept. 5. At the Rectory, Northleigh, Devon,
the Rev. George Stokes, formerly Vicar of St.
Mar}' Magdalene, Taunton.
Sept. 6. At Christchurch-road, Streatham,
aged 40, the Rev. Henry Sprigg, B.D., Queens'
College, Cambridge.
Sept. 10. At Passenham Rectory, Northamp-
tonshire, aged 64, the Rev. Reginald Rahett^
M.A., of Bramfleld-hall, Suffolk, and Rector of
PaRsonham.
Sept. 11. Aged 49, the Rev. Edward James ^
Vicar of Ilindhngham, Norfolk.
Spt. 15. At West Felton Rectory, Salop, aged
73, the Kcv. Tliomas Hunt, M.A., Rector of West
Felton, and of Wentnor, Salop.
Sept. 16. In Shandwick-pl., Edinburgh, aged
63, the Rev. Thomas Henshaw Jones f M.A,
St. I'pter's College, Cambridge.
Spt. 17. At Bath, aged 84, the Rev. Henry
Rice, Rector of Great Holland, Essex.
Sept. 22. Aged 40, the Rev. Henry Xicholas
Oiryn, third son of the late Richard Gwyn,
esq., of Stratlon St. Michael, Long Stratton,
Norfolk.
DEATHS.
ABBAKOED IH OHBOKOLOaiOAI. OSBXI
Mar. 20. Suddenly, at Melbourne, AuBtn
of congestion of the brain, while proaeeatbi
tour round the world, William Frederick Wi
esq., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-At-l
The deceased was the eldest wm of Wm. Wi
esq., of Chester, and grandson of William Wi
esq., who for 46 years was Deputy Re^Lstrm
the diocese of Chester, and for 28 yean ^
Secretary to the Bishop of the same dioceee. '
deceased was bom Nov. 11, 1822 ; he entered
army as ensign in H.M.'s 56th Begt. in Ai
1843; received his commission as lieut. in
same Regt., Jan. 1845 ; was appointed capt. i
adjutant of the Merionethshire Militia in 11
In 1854 he received a eommisirion aa ool. in
Ottoman Service. He was called to the hai
the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple on A
15, 1856.
May 17. On board the ship " Lady Clarendc
on her passage fh>m India, Mabel, and on
14th of June, Maud, the only danghters of Bn
Lieut.-Col. Maycock, 53rd Regt.
June 1. At Adelaide, South Australia, aged
Ellen, widow of Capt. Horace C. Beeror, of
13th Regt. Madras Army, and fifth dan. of
late Rev. Holt Okes, D.D., of Woodford, £■»
June 6. At Canton, on board H.M.'e gonl
** Starling," which Tesscl he had reooTered f
the enemy under a sharp fire at Peiho in Ji
1859, aged 31, Mr. Oscar Samson, eeoond tn*«
June 21. Drowned by falling overboard i
gale of wind, on his return home tnm. ICelboc
in the '* Yorkshire," Mackworth C. Shora,
of the Rev. Thomas Shore.
June 22. At Orahamstown, Cape of G
Hope, aged 26, Henry John Fox, late of Wind
Berks, attomey-at-law, eldest eon of Lni
Owen Fox, M.D., of Broughton, Stockbtii
Hants.
July 2. At Montevideo, aged 42, Commai
Robert H. B. Rowley, youngest eon of the
Admiral Sir Charles Rowley, bart., G.C.B.
July 4. At Zout Kloof, Cape of Good IIop«
the Journey to Colesberg, Louisa Margaret C
ham, wife of Henry Green, esq.. Civil Comi
sioner of the district of ColtBherg, and aec
dau. of Lieut. Aitchison, R.N.
Aug. 1. At Ahmednuggor, aged 18, En
Frederick W. B. Portman, of H.M.'s 15th R
Bombay Native Infantry, son of Mi^or P(»rta
of Doan's-oourt, Wlmbome.
Aug. 8. At his residence, Ashton-onder-L]
aged 73, Samuel Heginbottom, eeq. !!•
churchwarden of the parish in 1839, when
last church-rate (being volontary) waa laid ;
1849 he was appointed a bonragh "»*gtttT
and he subsequently qualified as Joatioe of
Peace for the County Palatine of Chester.
Aug. 5. At Shome, Kent, aged 60, Mra. 8i
Bradley, after forty years' service in the fhi
of R. W. Jennings, esq.
Aug. 6. At her residence, Tynemoath, a
80, Miss Isabella Carr, eldest sorrivin^ aisle
the late Thos. Carr, esq^ lolidtor, of Mi
I860.]
Obituary.
439
At Aldcrshott, suddenly, aged 57, Mr. Charleg
Seagrim, attorney, of Winchester. He was a
man who enjoyed a good position in that «ity for
many years, and he was three Umea elected
Mayor— in 1844, 1848, and 1851. He leayes a
widow and four children, two tons and two
daughters ; one son holding a commission in the
army, and being at present in India.
Aug. 10. In Paris, aged 87, M. de Palaiaeau,
the last representative of an ancient family of
Burgundy, and one of the last sorriyort of the
army of Cond£. At the Restoration he became
Commandant of the National Guard at Dijon,
and was one of the departmental depntles at
the coronation of Charles X. ; at the Revolution
of July, 1830, he retired into private life, never
taking any appointment afterwards.
Auff. 12. At Hanwell, at his son-in-law's^
aged 77, Lieut.-Col. John Field Oldham.
At Oadlys'house, Llandudno, Mary Knight,
wife of Owen Owen, esq., of Qadlys, Anglesea.
Aug. 13. At Alma-pl., near Plymouth, aged
43, Commander Edward P. Fuge, R.N.
At Clifton-terr., Southsea, Stoddart Drysdale,
esq., late of the E.I.C.3., and the Qreen, Rich-
mond, Surrey.
At Odsey, Cambs., aged 73, Elisabeth, wife of
Edward Fordham, esq.
Aug. 14. At Youghal, aged 105, Ellen M'Orath,
up to her last moments retaining aU her faculties,
and enjoying excellent health until a few days
previous to her death.
Aged 83, Margaret, relict of James Meek,
esq., of Trafalgar-pl. West, Hackney-road.
In Richmond-road, Dalston, aged 55, Mary,
wife of P. Ashcroft, esq.. Resident Engineer of
the South-Eastern Railway.
At Ashboum, aged 71, Frances, widow of the
late John Nicholson, esq., surgeon.
At Palace-garden-villas, Kensington, aged 68,
Henrietta Randolph, youngest and only tur-
viving dau. of John, Lord Bishop of London.
Aug. 15. At Combe Down, near Bath, aged
33, Isabella Margaret, wife of R. D. Crawford,
esq.
By a fall down a precipice on the Col du Gtent,
aged 26, Frederick Vavasseur, esq., of Cardiff;
youngest son of the late James Yavaasenr, esq.,
of Newington-pl., Surrey.
At her residence, in James' -st., aged 70, Mary,
youngest dau. of the late Anthony Feaeock, esq.,
of South Kyme.
At Rhyl, Denbighshire, Sarah Ann, only dau.
of the Rev. E. Williams, Rector of Pinxton,
Derbyshire.
At Braunston, near Rugby, (at the residence
of his uncle, the Rev. John Jenkins,) aged 20,
Robinson, eldest son of R. Elsdale, esq., surgeon,
of Moulton, near Spalding,
Aged 28, W. E. Ridler, esq., M.A., Fellow of
King's College, Cambridge.
Aug. 16. At Birkby-lodge, Huddersfleld, aged
82, Joseph Armitage, esq., a Justice of the Peace
and Deputy Lieut of the West Riding of the
county of York, and a magistrate for Lancashire.
He had been magistrate since April 10th, 1833,
and a deputy-lieut for nearly half a oentnry.
Suddenly, of fatty degeneration of the heart,
aged 48, Charles A. Hawkesworth, esq., surgeon,
of Burton-on-Trent.
At his residence, Bathford-house, Somerset-
shire, aged 69, George Augustus Bannatyne, esq.
Aug. 17. At Cork, suddenly, aged 43, Colonel
Arthur John Reynell Pack, C.B., half-pay of the
7th Fusileers, and Deputy-Quartermaster-Gen.
of the South- Western district. The deceased
was the eldest son of the late Major-Gen. Sir D.
Pack, K.C.B. He was present at the siege of
Sebastopol, and was severely wounded at the
assault of the Redan, in command of the 7th
Fusileers. Beside receiving the war medal, he
was created a C.B., Knight of the Legion of
Honour, and 5th class of the Mec^idie.
At KUbume, Derbyshire, aged 74, Mary
Joanna, relict of William Willis Bailey, esq., and
dau. of Julius Cnsar Ibbotson, landscape painter.
At Broaddist, aged 83, Emanuel Boutcher, esq.
At Gilling, Harriet, widow of Francis Chol-
meley, esq., of Brandsby, Yorkshire.
At Clarendon-cottage, Kingston, Portsea, aged
83, James Dabbs, esq., father of G. H. Dabbs,
Staff-Surgeon R.N., and Medical Officer Park-
hurst Prison, Isle of Wight.
At Falmouth, Captain Cariyon.
Aug. 18. At Wansford, Northamptonshire,
aged 46, Mr. Thomas Henry Peach, brother of
Mr. C. W. Peach, Comptroller of H.M.'s Cnstoma
at Wick, N.B.
Aug. 19. At Bradford, near Taunton, aged 73,
Jdm Easton, esq.
At Woolstone-house, Somerset, aged 74, Mary
Hounaom, widow of the Rev. Thomas Fox, of
Temple Coombe.
Caused by an accident while driving, aged 28,
Clarence Henry, eldest son of George Frederick
Davis, esq., of Clapham-rise, Snrrey.
At Heaton Norris, aged 71, Ellen, relict of
Edward Hudson, esq., barrister-at-law, of the
same place.
At Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, aged 68,
William Yearsley, esq., solicitor.
Hannah Elizabeth, wifb of George Hnttoa
Riddell, esq., of Carlton-on-Trent.
Aged 26, Emma Jane, dau. of Philip Watson,
esq., of King's Lynn.
At Hebbnm Colliery, aged 91, Catherine James.
She has left 9 chUdren, 85 grand-children, 105
great grand-children, and two great great grand-
children ; total 199.— Sunderland Herald.
At Pontrienx, the Baron de la Snaae, Yiee-
Adm(ral in the French Navy.
Aug. 30. At Weston, near Bath, Joseph Henry
Storie Jekyll, esq., of Yotk-terraoe, Regent'a-
park, the youngest son. of the late Capt. Jekyll,
R.N., of Roundhill-hoase, Wineanton.
At Southwell, aged 84, Elizabeth Sutton, relict
of William Wylde, esq.
At Park-cottage, Dane-bank, Congleton, aged
93, MIm ThonicrMt, late of Old Moreton Hall.
At Newmarket, of oonsumption, aged 50, Mr.
Nathan Flatman. He was for many years recog-
nised as a flrst-rate jockey, and was held in high
esteem by Lord Chesterfield, Mr. Payne, aqfi
othen. He rode the vioners of nuuiy ol the
440
Obituary.
[C
great races, among others, "Orlando** for the
Derby in the "Running Rein" year, and Ix)rd
Clifden'8 "Surplice" for the Doncaster St.Lcgor
in 1848. lie was Mverely kicked some months
since, which no doubt accelerated hin death.
At Tunbridge Wells, aged 61, Mary Anna
Goodchild, of Lymington, Hants, only surviring
dau. of the late Thomas Ooodchild, esq., of the
Stock Exchange.
At his roflidonce, Ileroules-buildings, Lambeth,
aged 37, Mr. Richard Flexmore, the well-known
clown. Mr. Flexmore may be said to hare com-
menced life as a pantomimist, for at the early
age of U years ho made his first appearance at a
small theatre which then existed at Chelsea, in a
fantastic piece called " The Man in the Moon."
He danced very effectively a burlesque shadow
dance. lie subsequently became a pupil of Mr.
Frampton, and shewed great aptitude for stage
business in his own peculiar line. He was espe-
cially celebrated for his close and natural imita-
tion, d la CUncnt of the leading Terpsiehoreans
of the day, such as Porrot, Carlotta Grisi, Tag-
lioni, Ccrito, &o., and in these imitations none
laughed more heartily or enjoyed them more
than the originals who happened to witness
them. He married Mademoiselle Auriol, and
both himself and his wife, who sarTires him, be-
came great favourites with the public. His last
appearance before the public was for a benefit at
the Surrey Theatre, either in March or April.— ^
Hxpress.
At Torquay, Sarah Anne, widow of A. Dabbs,
esq., of Seckington, Warwickshire.
At Crescent -cottage, Wrexham, aged 72,
Eleanor, relict of John Thomas, esq., of Berg-
bill, near Whittington, Salop, (formerly of the
Board of Control,) and last surviring dau. of the
late Mr. Thomas Hufrhes, of High-st., Wrexham.
Auff, 21. At Wildon-grange, Ronaldkirk,
aged 39, Mary, wife of John Helmer, esq.
At Dorking, Surrey, Benjamin Draegor, esq.,
of Upper Chadwe1l-«t., Pontonville.
At Milverton, Somerset, aged 75, Charles Est-
court Day, esq., Commander R.N. The deceased
entered the Navy 1st November, 1798. He saw
much service during the war of 1803, and com-
manded a gunboat at the defence of Cadiz, and in
1812-13 was employed between Liobon, Cadiz,
and Gibraltar, conveying despatches and freights
of government money, and on other particular
services.
At the Baths of Lamalon, near Montpollier,
General Pelletier Descarrieres.
At Turin, aged 65, M. M^eroni, the Italian
actor who played in Paris with Mme. Rintori.
lie was the son of a Colonel of Engineers who
directed the construction of the fort of Malghera
at Venice under the first Empire, and himself
entered the French service and rose to the rank
of Captain in the 4th Light Infantry, and was
wounded at the battle of Dresden. After the
peace he left the army and became actor, dramatic
writer, and manager.— Oalignani.
Aug. 22. At Billbro*-hall, Yorkshire, George
Champney, esq., M.D.
Aged 57, M. Alexandre Gabriel Decamps, one
13
of the most celebrated painters of the mo
school. He met with an untimely death at !
tai nbleuu. He had mounted his horse to hunt
the Emperor's houndn, when the *"lTnal
fHght, daflhed his rider against the oTerhasi
branch of a tree, (not against a etoae wal
has been incorrectly stated,) and killed hn
the spot. M. Decamps, who had treveUod m
and was a man of great originalitj of cham
had produced several remarkable paintiniri
"The Turkiiih Coffee-house," "The Bara
" The Halt of Arab Horsemen," *• The Defei
Uie Clmbri,*' " Turkish Children Leaving 8ch<
"Joseph Sold by his Brothers," '*Mo«es Si
from the Waters of the Nile," and nine eceDi
the life of Samson. Oalignani contains an ■
sing story regarding Decamps, which may he 1
though similar tales have booi told of other
ties:— "Decamps was very intinoate with
Duke of Orleans, eldest son of Lonin-Phili
who like him met with his death throofi
restive horse. Long before the painter had
quired a European celebrity, the duke eoltiv
his ft'iendship, and used to visit hini in his h
ble abode on the fifth or sixth story with all
familiarity of an old acquaintanoe. One
when his Royal Highness was goin^ up to
Decamps, as he passed the porter*e lodge,
functionary inquired whom he was going to
On finding that he was going to Decamps*,
man asked him to have the Idndneaa to carr
a coat which a tailor had Jnst left for the paii
The visitor consented, and great was the astoi
ment of Decamps when, on opening the dom
saw the prince enter with the coat on his \
and heard him say, laughing heartil j, * Tt
Decamps, is a coat which your porter and t]
have sent you I' The painter began to apolo|
but the prince stopped him. * Do not men
it,* said he. ' Tou have a fine ooat there ;
you do me a pleasure!* *Two, if I csa, ^
Royal Ilighnetis.' * WeU, let it he two. Sc
on the coat and come and dine with me.' **
At her residence, Porehester-tcrr., Hyde-i
Miss Kemeys Tynte.
At Plymouth, Betsey Fomeaux, relict of C
Michelmore, esq., solicitor, Totnea.
At Hove, Suraex, aged 62, John Wehster, i
late of Southgate, Middlesex.
At the Vicarage, Milton Abhts, Doreety age
Richard Lloyd Jones, esq.
At Truro, aged 81, John Ferris BenaUack, <
a senior member of the legal profeecion, fori
than forty years an advocate at the quarter
sions and in the conrt of the Tioe-Warden,
for nearly a quarter of a century the elcrk to
magistrates for the borough. He waa membi
the Corporation of Truro under the lAA ayal
and had the unosusl honour of filling the o
of mayor during four snccesrive yeara.
At Boreham, Essex, aged 74, Maria, reUi
Capt. Wm. Henry Haselfoot.
At Coligny, aged 57, .^drien de la Team
formerly president of the Royal Oonrt at TH^
and member of the Chamber of Depntlee, ^
While bathing in the Lake of WalleiutadI,
Simon, of BreeUv, who wai one of the leadn
I860.]
Obituary.
441
the revolution of 1848 ; and who, after the disso-
lution of the Frankfort parliament, took refuge
in Switzerland.
Aug. 23. At Smyrna, aged 23, Elfirida Mary,
wife of Capt. James Atkinson, formerly of the
72nd Highlanders, and dan. of the late R. B.
Abbott, esq.
Suddenly, aged 77, J. Simpson, esq., of Scar-
horough, late of Farnville-lodge, Leeds.
At Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Charlotte, second
dau. of Dr. Morgan, late of Barnstaple.
At her residence, Baildon-house, New Cross,
Amelia Maria, wife of Henry Tomkies, esq., and
youngest dau. of the late Wm. Baild»n, esq., R.N.
At Balshaw Outwood, Handforth, Cheshire,
aged 84, Nathan Pendlebury, esq., formerly of
Redcliffe, Lancashire.
At Pontefract, Yorkshire, Elizabeth Foss, third
dau. of the late Richard Hepworth, esq., of Pon-
tefract.
At New York, aged 54, Jas. Sutton Elliott, esq.,
late Principal Military Storekeeper in Her Bri-
tannic Majesty's Service.
The Countess de Saint Marsault, wife of the
Pref''ct of the Beine-et-Oisc, in consequence of
the injuries she sustained on the occasion of a
fire at a ball at the Prefecture some months
since, while endeavouring to extinguish the
flanes which had caught the dress of a lady, one
of the guests.
At Dieppe, aged 62, the Marquis Quiqueran-
Beaujeu, formerly a captain of cavalry.
Aug. 24. At West Mailing, aged 46, Harriet,
dau. of the late Wm. Flower, esq., of East
Woodhay, and Basingstoke, Hants.
At Tunbridge Wells, aged 59, Joseph Cade, esq.,
late British Consul at Panama, South America.
At Copford Rectory, Essex, Charlotte, wife of
the Rev. Kcnnett C. Bayley, and dau. of the late
Jas. Drake Brockman, esq., of Beachborough,
Kent.
At his residence, Finchley New-road, Hamp-
stead, aged 75, Thomas Burn Hopgood, esq.
At Swainston, Isle of Wight, aged 39, Jane, the
wife of Major Sir John Simeon, bart., and only
dau. uf the late Sir Frederick Baker, bart.
At Whitchurch, Shropshire, aged 69, George
Corscr, cq.
Aged 30, Frances Elizabeth, youngest dau. of
the lute Richard Taylor, esq., of the Abbey Fore-
gate, Shrewsbury.
Aug. 25. At the London and County Bank,
Gruvesend, aged 37, T. E. Pittock, esq., Manager.
At Warwick, aged 72, Lucy, widow of the Rev.
John Fan-, of that place, and second dan. of the
late Mr. Belcher, of Manchester.
At Weston Colville, Cambs., aged 93, John Hall,
cs<i., who for a long period miniatered in every
way to the benefit of those around him, par-
ticularly to the poor on his estates. He was
interred in the family vault of Weston Colville
Church, and followed to his last resting-place by
his Hons, General and Major Hall, and other
members of the family, as also by a considerable
number of his tenantry.
At Grmidisbiirgh, Suffolk, aged 54, Edward
Actun, esq., surgeon. He was a man of com-
Gknt. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
prehensive attainments, conchologist, fossilist,
antiquary, and numismatist, and these pur-
suits he followed with a passionate ardour. No
one was better acquainted with the various and
minute shells which abound in the Suffolk crag,
or in the fossils underlying it, than Mr. Acton :
no one collected antiquities with g^reater ardour.
The Celtic implements of warfare, Roman and
British urns, articles illustrating manners and
customs of that early period, medieoval works of
art, manuscripts in vellum, black-lettered bokes,
engravings, &c., were collected with eager avidity.
In the knowledge of coins illustrating Roman and
British history, Mr. Acton was perhaps surpassed
by none, and at one period of his life he was in
possession of a very valuable collection. But as
the thirst for collecting was insatiable, the power
of retention often failed. Mr. Acton from time
to time disposed of many of his choicest things,
and the British Museum is now the depository of
many relics precious in the eye of the antiquary,
which that gentleman probably saved from de-
struction. But there was always a large and
valued store in Mr. Acton*s cabinets, and his last
diys were spent in making a catalogue raisonn§e,
illustrated by photographic drawing?, of a collec-
tion of Roman antiquities Arom the ancient Camu-
lodunum (Colchester), a collection, perhaps, un-
exampled in the kingdom.
In London, Catherine Adelaide, widow of the
Rev. W. B. Faulkner, M.A., of Hampstead.
At Warwick, aged 72, Lucy, widow of the Rer.
John Farr, of Warwick, and second dau. of the
late Mr. Belcher, of Manchester.
Aug. 26. In Moore-st., Upper Chelsea, Mar-
garet Bainbridge, second dau. of the Rev. Henry
Hoare, Vicar of Framfield, Sussex.
At Great Malvern, suddenly, of disease of the
heart, aged 61, Emma, wife of Philip Cazenove,
esq., of Clapham-common, Surrey.
At Hastings, aged 66, Elizabeth, widow of
Capt. Frederick Phillips, and dau. of the late
Jonathan George Micklethwait, esq.
Edith Pascoe, sixth dau. of Wm. Danby, esq.,
of Park-house, Moimt Radford.
At Wobum-pl., RuBsell-sq., (the residence of
her son-in-law, Geo. Lewis Cooper, esq.,) Eliza-
beth, widow of RiC ard Estcourt Cresswell, esq.,
of Pinkney-park, Wilts, and of Bibury-court,
Gloucestershire, youngest dau. of the late Rer.
C. Coxwell, of Ablington-housc, in the same
county.
In Harley-street, aged 73, J. R. Elmore, esq.,
M.D., fifty-four years member of the R.C.S.L.
At Hampton-court Palace, Mrs. Catesby Paget.
Aug. 27. At Southampton, aged 21, WiUiam,
eldest son of William Entwisle, of Rusholme-
house, Manchester, and Comet in H.M.'s 2nd
Life Guards.
At the Parsonage, Bishop Auckland, aged 31,
Catherine Talbot, wife of the Rev. Geo. Edward
Green, and dan. of Thomas Peacock, esq., of
that place.
At Beaufort-castle, aged 83, Mrs. Fraser, of
Strichcn, relict of Capt. Fraser, of Strlchen, and
mother of the Right Hon. Lord Lorat.
Aged 78, John Henry Cattley, esq., of York.
8a
442
Obitvary.
[Oct.
At Folkestone, aged 64, Lucy, wife of Com-
mander Shillingford, K.N.
At Oifton-ter., Margate, aged 19, Sophy, dau.
of Lieut.-Col. and Mrs. James Oliphant, of Wim-
bledon.
At Dane-house, Margate, Kent, aged 80, Sarah,
wife of William Barker, esq.
Aged 70, at Croydon, Felicitfe, widow of C. M.
Sola, esq.
Aged 20, John, only son of Thomas Bingham,
esq., Duffleld-rd., Lerby.
In Henrietta-st., Bath, aged 70, Robert Craw-
ford, esq., late of Chelsfleld-court-lodge, Kent.
At Hampstead Marshall, Newbury, aged 78,
the Right Hon. Louisa, Dowager Countess of
Craven. The late countess was well known
upon the London boards some half century ago
as one of the most popular favourites of the day,
under her maiden name as Miss Louisa Brunton.
Lady Craven was the dau. of a gentleman long
connected with the theatre at Norwich, and by
the laie Earl of Craven, to whom she was mar-
ried in 1807, she had three sons and one dau., of
whom the present Earl of Craven and his young-
est brother arc the only survivors.
At Canford, Wimborne, aged 77, William
Uurd, esq.
At hie residence, Bathwick-house, Major Thos.
Moore, late of the Royal Marines. Major Moore
served in H.M.S. " Amphion" trom May, 1803,
to July, I81I, and was senior officer of Royal
Marines in the action off Lissa, March 13, 1810.
Ue was twice severely wounded, and twice re-
warded from the Patriotic Fund, lie Lad been
in upwards of thirty successful contests with the
enemy, frequently officially mentioned for hia
gallantry, and had received the war-medal with
three clasps.
At Belmont, near Bristol, William Lloyd, third
surviving i>on of the late Geo. Henry Oibbs, esq.,
of Bcdford-sq., London.
In Paris, .M. Lecouturier, who edited the
scientific department of the Moniteur.
In Paris, M. Leroy d'EtioUes, a distinguished
member of the Academy of Medicine, and for-
merly staff- surgeon of the National Guard.
Aug. 28. At Great Malvern, aged 63, Mary,
widow of Frederick Webb, esq., of West wick, co.
Durham.
At Rosclle, Tunbridge Wells, Frances Marga-
retta, relict of Thomas Read Kemp, esq., of
Kemp-town, Brighton, and lister of the late Sir
Charles Shakerley, hart., of Bomerford-park,
Cheshire.
At his residence in Edward-st., Bath, aged
67, John Jones, esq., for many years Capt. in the
1st Somerset Militia.
At her residence, Colton-honse, Staffordshire,
Elizabeth, relict of John Hill, esq., Attorney-
General of the Chester Circuit, and grandson of
the late Sir Rowland Hill, hart., of Hawkestone,
Salop.
At her residence, North-pl., Cheltenham, aged
80, Mrs. Tounghusband, relict of Major Robert
Youngbusband of the 53rd Regt.
Aiig. 29. At Bower-house, Dunbar, GenersU
Carftrae, H.E.I.C.S.
At CupoU-hooieb Heworth-gretn, York, aged
78, Thomas Flshbum Hall, .esq.
At his residence, Atlingworth-rt., Brighton,
aged 66, Daniel Goseet, M.D., formerly of
Leicester, and of Victoria-sq., Reading, Berks.
At Homerton, Middlesex, aged 53, WillUm
Row, esq., surgeon, late of Beckley.
At the Priory, Mendham, Suffolk, Bosamond
Mary, wife of Capt. W. J. Wood, and eldest dan.
of the late Sir Alexander Dixie, barL, of Bos-
worth-park, Leicestershire.
At Holyhead, aged 56, Capt. John Boberta,
Assistant Harbour-master.
At his residence, Netherbury, Dorset, aged 50,
Nathaniel Saunders, esq., for numy years water-
bailiff to the Corporation of the City of London.
At Pensam, near Abergele, North Wales,
aged 59, Penelope, wife of the Ber. Frederick
Custance, Rector of Colwell, Herefordshire.
Aug. 30. At his residence, Laneelot-eottage,
Malton-road, William Singleton, esq., solicit<Nr,
of York.
Aged 61, Elizabeth, widow of Frederick Yates,
formerly of the Adelphi Theatre. She was the
dau. of Mr. John Brunton, manager of the N<»'-
wich circuit, and niece of the Dowager Countess
of Craven; was bom on the Slst of January,
1799, and, after performing in the proTinccs,
made her first appearance in London at Covent-
garden, in September, 1817, as Letltia Hardy in
the *' Belle's Stratagem." She continued at this
theatre, playing the chief high comedy charac-
ters, till the year 1824, when she nuuried Mr.
Fred. Yates, with whose triumphs as manager of
the Adelphi she was intimately associated. She
remained at the Adelphi for some time after tbs
death of her husband in 1842, and aftenraids
played for a single season at the Lyceum. Ahont
eleven years ago she retired from the profbedoo,
of which she was a most distinguished ornament.
At Glooester-pl., Portman-sq., aged 70, Ueot.-
Gen. Horatio George Broke, CoL of H.M.'s B8th
Regt. The deceased officer had seoi much ser-
vice, hating accompanied the 62nd Begt. on the
expedition to Copenhagen in 1807, and in the
following year on that to Portugal, and being
present at the battle of Vimicra, the advaaea
into Spain, and retreat under Sir John Moore. In
1809 he served in the Waloheren expedition. In
1811 he Joined the Light Division on the zetrcal
of Massena from the lines of Lisbon, and serrcd
in Spain till the end of the war. In 181S he
Joined Sir Henry Clinton as aide-de-camp at the
siege of Burgos, and was scTerely wounded,
being shot through the lungs while serring with
him at the battle of Orthes. He slao served with
the Army of Occupation in France fhsm 1815
to 1818 as aide-dc-oamp to Sir Henry CUnton,
and received the^war-medal with four daaps far
his services at Yhniera, Hslamsnoa, NiTe« and
Orthes.
At Tredognoc Rectwy, HonmouthshiK, of
scarlet, fever, aged 86, Eleanor Isabella, wife of
the Rev. John Philip Oell, and only ehild of tte
late Sir John Franklin, K.IL
Lieut. F. G. Smith, B.N., for 25 years ddsT
officer of the Coastguard Station, Kimmtridgn.
I860.]
Obituabt.
443
In Rutland •street, Edinburgh, Lieut. -CoL
Humphrey Hay, late of the Bengal Caralry,
third and sole surviTing son of the late Bobort
Hay, esq., of Spott, East Lothian.
At Canterbury, aged 76, Ann Elisabeth, ddeet
dau. of the late Ber. Wm. Chapman, "^car of St.
John's, Margate.
At Cherchell, Algeria, M. de Lannay, dhdl
commisidoner in that settiement.
At the chateau of YendeuTre, Aube, H. Bte6
Bourlon, member of the General Cooneil of the
Aube, son of the late BeceiTer-Oeneral ot Yiirjt
and brother to M. Bourlon de Sarty, who, preri-
ous to 1S48, was Prefect of the Mame. M. Bour-
lon, who was lieutenant de louveterie (master of
the wolf-hounds) for the arrondissement of Bar-
sur-Aube, was engaged in* chasing wild boars,
when a ball, in its recoil, broke his arm, paased
through his shoulder, and lodged in his body,
from the effects of which he died in a few days.
On board the steamship " Bipon,*' from effeets
of climate, aged 63, MaJ,-Oen. Henry Prederiek
Lockyer, C.6., K.H., ftc, late Commander-in-
Chief of the Forces in Ceylon, and Acting Lieat-
Oovemor.
Aug. 31. At his reddenoe, Totnee, at a Tcry
advanced age, James Lusoombe, esq.
At Pickering, aged 89, Thomas Nieholson, esq.,
a magistrate for the North Biding of Yorkshire,
and formerly colonel of militia.
On board the " Bipon," on the erening before
the arriyal at Southampton, suddenly, of disease
of the heart, aged 41. Edward Frederick Kelaart,
esq., M.D., Staff-surgeon, Isle of CeyUm.
At Joiners'-hall, London, aged 86, Thomas
Oandell, esq.
At Epworth, in the Isle of Axholme, aged 66,
Mr. William Bead.
LaUly, In Egypt, M. d'Anastaaiani, bead of a
large banking establishment, who has been kmg
known fnr his extenrive charitiea. He has died
Tery wealthy. The director <rf the politioal de-
partment of the Freneh ministry tax foreigii
affairs at Constantinople, M. Benedettl, is his
son-in-law.
At Rome, aged 70, Commander Joeaph de FaN
ris, director of the Moaenm there, and a dia-
tinguished sculptor.
Sept. I. At Wrottedey, aged S8, the Hon.
Mrs. Edward Ooodhdce, only siinriTfaig dan. of
Lord Wrottealey.
At EUesboroogh Rectory, Bueks, BiebaidHey,
esq., of York, eonsnlting sorgeon to the Toik
County Hospital.
At the Oovemeeiea* Asylom, Gralton-plaoe,
Kentish-town, aged 72, Miaa Louisa Graham
Laurie.
John Blair, esq., proeurator -ilseal, Inrine,
and another gentUanan, were drowned in the
wtLt Gtt Irvine. A par^ of flTe^ oompoeed of
Mr. Blair, a lad, a relatire of his, and three
others, went out in a boat intending to sail
as far as Troon. After passing Inrine bar, the
boat capsised, and all were thrown into the
sea. Mr. Blair, who was a good swimmer, en-
deavoured to save hlmidf and the yoong lad*
but before BBaietanoa oama to tham h» had luik.
The lad was saved, but Mr. Blab: and another of
the party were loet The body of Mr. Blair waa
soon after recovered, but all eflbrts to restore
animation were f^ruitlesa.
At Southampton, aged 40, Emma Doona,
widow of the Bev. J. O. Shadwdl, Bector of All
Saints, Southampton.
At Ahmednuggur, aged 18, Ensign Frederick
W. B. Portman, of H.M. 15th Begt. Bombay Na-
tive Infantry, youngest son of Mi^ Portman, of
Deane*s-court, Wimbome.
At Glamford Brigg% LinoolnaUre, aged 76, Mr.
John Twigg, Ikrmer, late of Wrawby, in the same
eoonty.
Near the Pas d'Agnean, on the monntaina of
Savoy, Antonio Tonini, a young Piedmontese
engineer. He had befn employed in measuring
the boundary line of the eommnnea of Ooi^ioiie,
Bramans, and ExiUes, whidh rana along the
glaciers on the mountains between Savoy and
Italy. Having aooomplished his task, with the
aid of three guides, the party began to deaoend,
and had reached the Pas d'Agnean, where
they deliberated as to the choice between two
routes, one short and dangerous, the other dr-
onitous, but safe. The nnfortonate engineer de-
termined to take the shorter ronte^ but the
guides took the other. The latter, not Undfaig
their employer at the appointed rendesvous, sus-
pected some accident had luippened, and, on
going baek, discovered that M. Tonini had
slipped thrcmgh the snow into a erevloe in tiia
glader, scarcely three feet wide and some sixty
feet dMp. He called to them to draw him npi
but three boors d^wed beftnv ropes eoold bo
procured, and the young man had then snnk
under the effects of the oold and the injuries re-
ceived .in the fell. His body was fouid the vnX
day in the torrent whieh issues from the ^btoleri
and was interred at Susa.
Sept. 3. Suddenly, at Oreenwieh Hoqpllal,
Commander Edward Garrett. He waa wounded
when lieutenant of the <* Mars** at Trafidgar,
and was in the same ship at the ei^tore of the
frigate '* Bhin*' and four others. He was at tiio
taking of Copenhagen in 1807, and senior Bent,
of the ** Onyx" at the eaptare of the Dotoh brig*
of-war " Manly** in 1800. He waa appofaitad a
oommander in Greenwieh Hoqiital i^prfl 1844.
At hia residenoe, Nevill-pk., Tonbridge WeUs*
aged 71, John Batteashaw, eeq.
Aged 14, Fanny, dan. of the Bev. Q. BainiMr»
YiearofNinfleld.
At York, suddenly, aged 66, Biohard Braml«y,
eeq., formeriy of Leeds.
At Southwell, aged 60, Catherine, eldest sur-
viving dan. of the late Wm. Wylde, esq.
At St. Leoaard'»-oB-8ea, Harriet, widow of
Chas. Barker, eeq., of Upper Lansdowna-tcfraeoa
Nottfaig-hill.
At Biarrits, Mlas Blefaardson, of BidihOl, eo.
Armagh. This Isdy hsd passed ttie sommer ai
Bianiti, and, aeeordfaig to her usual eostom,
waa walking ott the evening of August S3 la
oompany with her sister, Mrs. Baoon. WhUe
passing a eUff the deoeased lady's pansol feU
feumber head, and on attsmpthig to luconr It
AAA
Obituary.
[Oct.
she missed her footing, and rolled down a preci-
pice of some 200 feet ; she lingered in much pain
until the 2nd of Sept.
At Berwick St. John, Wiltn, aged 77, Charlotte,
relict of the Rev. Richard Downes, Rector of that
parii«h, and eldest dau. of the late Thos. Grove,
esq., of Feme.
At Cheltenham, William Shepherd, esq., of
Clifton, late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and
member of the Inner Temple.
Sept. 3. At Durham, aged 32, Henry, eldest
son of Henry Smalcs, et»q., of York.
At Lamorbey, Kent, in her 3rd year, Susan
Emily, only dau. of Mr. Charles Henry and
Lady Louisa Mills, and niece of the Earl of
Harcwood.
At her refddcnce, Rcgency-sq., Brighton, aged
82, Louisa, widow of Thos. Holt White, esq., of
Chase-lodge, Eufleld, and dau. of the late John
Rashleigh, esq., of Penquite, Cornwall.
At Kensington-pl., aged 90, Sam. Scott, esq.
Sept. 4. At Scarcroft-grange, aged 50, John
Arthur Ikin, esq., town-clerk of Leeds.
At Chellaston, aged 74, Ooorge Wootton, esq.
At Ostcrley-pk., the Countess of Jersey's seat,
near Hanwell, Lady Adcla Ibbotson, youngest
dau. of the Dowager Coimtess of Jersey, and
sister of the late Princess Nicholas Estcrhazy
and of I^dy Clementina Villiers. She was bom
March 25, 1828, and married in November, 1845,
Capt. Charles Parke Ibbction, then of the 1 1th
Hussars.
At Mansfield Woodhouse, aged 72, Margaret,
wife of Charles Neale, esq.
At Uddcns, Wimborne, Charlotte, wife of T. B.
Evans, esq., of North Toddenham, and of Deane,
Oxon, and second dau. of the late Sir John
Simeon, hart.
At Dersingham, aged 30, Jane Stort, youngest
dau. of the late O. Chadwick, esq., of Dersing-
ham.
At Basford, Notts, aged 8G, Mrs. Bailey, relict
of Mr. Thomas Bailey, author of '* The Annals of
Nottinghamshire," and mother of Mr. Philip J.
Bailey, author of " Festus."
Sept. 5. At Clevc-hou«e, near Exeter, aged
84, I^dy Riggs Miller, relict of Sir John Riggs
Miller, bart., and eldest dau. of the late John
Beauchamp, esq., of Bengre(;p, Comwall.
At Ealing, by railway accident, aged 36, Chas.
Favrcett, esq., of the Admiralty, Somerset-house,
only son of Capt. Fawcott, R.N.
At Charlton-house, near Cheltenham, Anne
Thooduoia, dau. of the late Thomas Causton,
D.I)., Canon of Westminster.
At Harrogate, aged 37, the Hon. James Lyon
Browne. The deceased was the < Idest tmn of
Lord Kilmaiue, and commenced bis military
career in 1842 as Second Lieut, of the 21st Foot,
(Royal North British Fusiliers). On the war
breaking out with Russia, Lieut.*Col. Browne
accompanied his regiment to the Crimea, and
wai present at the whole of the engagements in
which it took part, including the siege of Sebas-
topol, for which he received the war-medal and
clasps, and was decorated by the Sultan with the
order of the Medyidie (5th claas.)
Aged 47, George Carew-GlbMn, e«q., d Bnd-
Bton Brook, Surrey, and 8andgat«-lodge. Souez.
At his residence, near Exeter, Vioe-Admiral
George Hewson. He entered the naTj wukr
Sir Hyde Parker, and wa> a midshipman at the
siege of Toulon and reduction of Corsica ; he waa
first lieut. of the ** Dreadnought" at Tr«Ci]gar,
"Superb" at Copenhagen, and eotnmandcd **La
Flichc" at Walcheren. The late admiral was
first cousin of the late Right Hon. Maurice Fita-
gerald, and second cousin to the preaoit Lord
Monteagle.
At Chouze-sur-Loire, aged 105, the widow
Catherine David Reneaume.
Sept. 6. At Rushmore-lodge, Dorset, aged
75, the Dowager Lady Rivers. The deceased lady
was dau. of the late Lient.-Col. Francia Hale
Rigby, of Mistley-hall, Essex, and married Feb.
9, 1808, William Horace, third Lord Kircn, by
whom she leaves the present Lord River*, LL-
Col. the Hon. Horace Pitt, and the Hon. Harriet
Elizabeth, married to Mr. Charlea Dashwood
Bruce.
Aged 63, Charles Huntington, eaq., of Bran-
tingham, near Hull, brother-in-law of the Kev.
John Boyle, Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Barn-
staple.
At Riddhigs-house, Derby, aged: 72, Barah,
relict of the late James Oakes, esq.
At Paris, aged 63, M. Daoasy, one of the most
distinguished members of the Academic des
Sciences.
At Paris, M. Payer, Member of th« Academy
of Sciences for the Section of Botany, and a fot^
mer Deputy.
M. Roquairol, Sec.-Gen. of the foondry at Cmi-
sot, in the department of the Saone-et-Loire. He
went out at on early hour in the morning to
shoot on a fkrm at some little distanee, and as
the time drew near for the commencement of his
official duties, he turned towards home. In cross
ing a hedge, the trigger was caught by a branch,
when the gun went off, and the oharire entered
Jubt below his ear, and came oat at the top of ths
skull, causing instantaneous death.
Quite suddenly, at the house of a relative at
Bordeaux, M. Denjoy, an officer of the Lei^ioa of
Honour. The deceased was a member of the
Constituent Assembly after 1848, and be gave ons
of the first and heaviest blows the Moontain ever
had to sustain. He ascended the tribune one day,
and interpolated the Provisional Goremmcnt on
the subjfct of a demagogical banqaet which had
taken place at Toulouse. Irritated at bii re-
marks, the members of the Momitaia at flrsi
murmured, and their agitation afterwarda In-
creased so much that they almost menaced to
rush on him in the tribune. Dei^oy, ealm in ths
midst of the tempest, opposed to the Tiolenee of
his adveisaries these oourageoos words, ** There
is a national flag, the trieolonred one ; I deelaic
that at the banquet in question a red ca|» waa dis-
played, placed <m a Aug whieh waa not lbs
national one. I declare also that the abomina-
ble cry of Tire la Guillotine I was miaed.** The
vociferations of the Left here interrupted blm,
but, after a short time^ he rtiiimed aid nl4
I860.]
OSITVAST.
446
" Be well assured that when I Am doing mj duty
it is not easy to make me give way. I only obey
my conscience.'* His opponents wished to make
him descend from the trU>ane, but he remained
firm, and for a quarter of an hour defied with his
looks all the violence of the ultra party, who
were awed by his attitude. When afterwards
elected as deputy to the LegislatiTe Assembly, he
manifested the same courage. M. Dei^oy was
one of the first to admit that the safety of society
was connected with the name of Napoleon, and
he devoted himself to the Empire with convictixm.
The services which he had rendered to society
when in danger pointed him out for a seat in the
Council of State, the high ftmctions of whioh
place he filled to the last with great distinctioii.
— Oalignani.
Sept. 7. At her residence, Beaufort^buildings
West, Bath, Mrs. Lawes, rdiet of W. Lawes, esq.
At his mother's residence, Ormesby St. Michael,
Great Yarmouth, aged 33, Gapt. Edgar Richard
Glasspoole, 6th Bombay N.I.
At Scarborough, aged 83, Martha, widow of
Isaac Mennell, esq.
At Tynemouth, aged 69, DaTid Shafto Hawks,
esq., eldest son of the late Sir K. 8. Hawks.
At Sudbury, aged 68, Deborah, widow of J. N*
Gibbtns, esq., late of Rathbone-pL, Oxford-st.
At Lachine, near Montreal, aged 68, Sir George
Simpson, the Governor of the Hudson's Bay
Company's settlements. His death occurred but
a few difys after he had htMpitably entertained
His Royal Highnras the Prinoe of Wales and his
suite. Sir George was the only son of the late
Mr. George Simpson, of Loeh-broom, co. Ross,
and was well known scmie years sinee as the
author of a " NarratlTe of an Overland Journey
Round the World.'* He had held the post of
Governor over the Hudson's Bay Company's
settlements for upwards of thirty-five years.
Tbe deceased Governor, who received the honour
of knifrhthood in 1841, in reward of his seal in
fitting out several Arctic expeditions, married,
in 1827, Miss Franees Ramsay Simpson, second
dau. of the late Mr. Geddes Maokensie Simpson,
of Great Tower-hUl, Lcmdon, and Stamford-hill,
Middlesex, by whom, who died in 18A3, he leaves
a son and two or three daughters. Opinions may
differ as to the policy of the Hndson's Bay Com-
pany, but there is only one opinion as to the
ability, energy, and uprightness of the pubUe
servant Just taken fhim them, and whose loss
they will find it difiHoult to replaoe.
At his chateau of La Moroeidre, Maioe-et-Loire,
aged 39, the Count des Cars. As he was riding
thence on the preceding day to Chalonnes, his
horse shied Just at the entranoe ot the town and
threw him; he fell with great violence upon
his head, and received the injuries of whieh be
died.
Sept. 8. At Oxford, Shr Robert Alexander
Chermside, M D. The deeeased was the third
son of the late Dr. Chermside, of Portaferry, eo
Down. He served in Spain, France, Flanders, A».,
and was present at the battle of Waterloo. For
some years previoas to his death he held the post
of physician extraordinary to H«r Boyal High-
ness the Duchess of Kent, and was physician to
the British Embassy at Paris.
At Wymomlham-rectory, Leioestersh., aged 0,
Marcus Denman de la Poer, second son of the
Rev. John George Beresford.
At Park-pL, Leeds, Mary, widow of the Rev.
Sam. Redhead, Vicar of Calverley.
At his fisther's, lieut. Bamea John Caldeoott,
8rd Regt. of Buflb, eldest son of Barnes Caldeoott,
esq., of Ormesby St. Michael, Great Yarmouth.
At Soissons, aged 90, M. Deviolaine, formerly
mayor of Soissmis, as well as a member of tiie
Gmeral Council of the Aisne. He was founder of
the glass-works at Premontr^ and at Vanxrot.
Drowned on Lake Michigan, Herbert Ingram,
esq., M.P. for Boston, and proprietor of the
*< London Illustrated News.'*
At Auderville^ MaAche, M. Leqpold tMn^^*
He was walking on the 6th September, after the
dose of the late soientiflc meetlDg at Ctebonrg,
on the oliflU about Cape de la Hague, with his
wife and several friends, and when on the heights
of Jobourg his foot slii^wd, and he was precipi-
tated some eighty feet ; a projecting rook ahoat
twenty-five feet above the sea arrested his body,
but he was taken up quite unconscious by some
boatmen who climbed the roek in search of him,
and only recovered conseionsness a s&nt time
before he died.
Sept, 9. At Doughty-st., Meoklenhorgh-sq.,
aged 52, Sarah, wife of William Morgan Chat-
terton, esq.
At her residence, suddenly, (alter attcndtaif
divine service in the morning,) aged 60, Mary,
wife of Richard lindon, esq., of Burieigh, Soofli
Huisb.
Very suddenly, at Blineop, George Dixon, es^
of Carlisle.
At Brighton, Hester Harriet, dan. of the late
George Wheldon, esq., of Spondon, Derbyshire.
At Hollywood, co. Dublin, of eoosamptiQii«
aged 34, Lieut. John Dane, 18th light Dragooned
Very suddenly, at liiB teaULBOot, Blenoogo^
Cumberland, aged 67, George Dixon, esq., J.P.
8^t. 10. At Shermanlmry-green, Sussex,
aged 85, William Courthope Mabbott, esq., of
Southover-priory, Lewes. Mr. Mabbott in early
liflB served under Wellington, and retired fhnn tiie
army as Otptain of the 11th Hussars; he was a
Justice of the peac^ and lllled theolBee of fflieriff
of the eonnty during the agrionltnral riot%
and took an active part in suppvesdng then.
He married Elisabeth, daughter of the Rot.
George Newton, Reetor of lafield, and the kst
representative of the Newton Cunily. This lady
died in Lewes two or three years agow InpoUtiee
he was a Conservative, and nominated some of
the members for Sussex. He was mndi attached
to agxJeultural pursuits, to whieh he was a
liberal supporter. F^w of like eounty institatioui
but have been indebted to him for hie support ia
their earliest days.
At his residenoe, Nortii-pende, FMrnnoe^
aged 06, Riehard Heeley Bowman, esq.
Aged 85, Sir Franels Blake, bert., of Twiael-
eastle and Tilmouth-pk., Nortfanasberland. 11m
late Baronet repgeieated Berwlek thn IIM to
446
Obituary.
[Oct.
1834. His grandfather, the first haronet, was
an energetic supporter of the Government during
the rebellion in 1745, and the family numbered
among iUi members Admiral Blake.
At his residence, Holmbush, Sussex, after a
short illness, aged 24, Waynflete Amaud Blagden,
esq., only child of the Rev. T. N. Blagden, Vicar
of Washington, Sussex.
Suddenly, aged 59, Mr. Thomas Craike In-
gledew, of Byegrove, Merton, Surrey.
At his residence, Holmbush, Sussex, aged 24,
Waynflete Arnaud, only child of the Rev. T.N.
Blagden, Vicar of Washington, Sussex.
At the Crescent, Teignmouth, Anne Burnett,
wife of the Rev. John Wrcy.
Sept. 11. At Old Charlton, Lieut. -Col. T. Lind-
say, late of the 9l8t (Argyllshire) Regt. of Foot.
The deceased served in Holland in 1814 and I8I5,
and was also present at the bombardment of
Antwerp.
Sept. 12. At his residence, Park-sq., Joseph
Richardson, esq., an alderman of Leeds.
At Baron's Down, Somerset, aged 70, Ann,
widow of Stucley Tristram Lucas, esq.
At Brighton, Louisa Greenhill, younger dau.
of the late Chas. Saycr, esq.
At Berlin, aged 40, M. Burchart, author of an
admired tragedy entitled ♦♦ Jane Grey." He had
been for some time in indigent circumstances,
and Ms death took place in one of the hospitals of
that city.
Sept. 13. At Devonshirc-ter., Plymouth, aged
70, Eliza, relict of Major Brownson, formerly of
the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
At Mardk-hall, near Redcar, Lady Margatet
Bruce Teoman. The deceased lady, who was
eldest dau. of Laurence, first Earl of Zetland, by
his marriage with Harriett, third dau. of Gen.
John Hale, was bom June 29, 1796, and married,
Feb. 5, 1816, Mr. Henry Walker Yeoman, of
Woodlands, near Whitby.
At the Heath, Weybridge, aged 66, David Jar-
dine, esq., of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-
law, and of Cumberland-ter., Regcnt's-park ;
a police magistrate of the metropolis.
Sept. 14. At Guildlord, Surrey, aged 63, Thos.
Eldrid, esq.
At Paris, the Marchioness of Donegall. The
Manjuis of Donegall was with his wife at her
dissolution, but Lady Harriet Ashley and her
husband did not reach Paris until some hours
after that event. The late marchioness was
eMest dau. of Richard, first Earl of Glengall,
and sister of the late Earl ; she was bom Jan.
1, 1799, and married Dec. 8, 1822, the Marquis
of Donegdll (then Earl of Belfast], by whom she
leaves issue an only dau.. Lady Harriet Ashley.
At Boulogne, Major-Gen. Sir Michael Creagh,
K.IL He entered the army in 1802, and had
seen much active service in India, Africa, and
the Wesi Indies.
Sept. 1 . At Anderton, aged 63, Fanny, widow
of Richard Lewellin, esq., of Brompton.
Aged 71, Sarah, third dau. of Sir Thos. Turton,
bart., of Felcourt, Surrey.
Noel, only son of Professor Huxley, of the
Government School of Mines, Jermju-st.
At Helensburgh, Scotland, of typhus fever,
J. A. Thomson, esq., architect, of Hobart Town,
Tasmania.
At Little Risington Rectory, Gloucestershire,
aged 77, Jemima, wife of the Bey. R. WUbraliam
Ford.
At his residence, Friar«gate, Derby, aged 77,
Wm. Bennett, esq.
Sept. 16. Aged 41, Margaret, wife of the Rev.
Wm. Arthur Jones, Taunton.
At Prince*s-gate, Arthor Eden, esq., formerly
of Wimbledon, Surrey.
At Nancy, having nearly reached his 100th
year, the Marquis de Raigecourt. He was bom
under the reign of Louis XV. ; he served as an
officer in the regiment du Roi, and remained
faithful to the Bourbons at the time of the great
Revolution.
Sept. 17. At Stoke, Guildford, fourteen days
after her mother, aged 20, Sophia Slade, second
dau. of the Rev. Giffard Wells, of that place.
At Vale-lodge, Leatherhead, aged 9, Annie
Mary, third dau. of the Bev. T. £. Powell, 'Hear
of Bisham.
Sept. 18. Aged 34, Watson CkMre, esq., solicitor,
King's Bench Walk, Temple, eldest son of George
Coare, esq., Mont-le-Grand, Heavitrec.
At Millmead-house, Guildford, aged 42, Mary
Jane Haydon, wife of the Rev. A. B. Burnett, of
Freefolk Parsonage, Hants.
Sept. 19. At Windlesham, aged 84, General
Frederick Rennell Thackeray, C.B., CoL -Com-
mandant of the Royal Engineers. He entered
the army in 1793 as Second Lieut, in the Royal
Engineers. He was present at the capture of
Surinam in 1799, and of St. Martin's and St. Bar-
tholomew in 1801. He directed the siege of
Scylla Castle in 1806, and that of the fortress of
Santa Maura in 1809. He served with the army
in Spain in 1812, and was present at the battle of
Castella and siege of Tarragona in 1813, and re-
mained with the army until 1814. The General's
commissions bore date as follows : — Second Lieut,
September 18, 1793 ; first Lieut., June 18, 1796 ;
Capt., April 18, 1801 ; Brevet-Migor, May 9, 1810 ;
Lieut.-Col., July 21, 1813; Col., June 2, 1825;
Col. -Commandant, April 29, 1846 ; Major-Gen.,
January 10, 1837 ; Lieut-Gen., Noremher 9, 1846 ;
and Gen., June 20, 1854.
At his residence, Compton-road, Canonhnry,
Robert Davidson, esq.
At West Halton Rectory, Lincolnshire, aged 7<^
Harriet, wife of the Rev. Wm. Fitt Drake, Bector
of West Halton.
At St. Leonard'B-on-8ea, Margaret Isabella,
wife of the Rev. Lewis Hensley, M Jl., Yiear of
Hitchin, Herts.
Sept. 20. Aged 58, Susannah, wife of Heny
Wellington, esq., of Lombard-st, and dan. of tbs
late William Scrase, esq., of Little Boektngham,
Shorebam, Sussex.
Aged 48, Elizabeth, wife of Henry Lawea, csq^
of Dcnyer-villa, Southfields, Wandsworth.
In the Queen's Prison, where he had
confined four years. Sir Francis Deeangaa,
formerly Sheriff of London and Middlesex, aad
also of Oxfordshire.
I860.]
447
TABLE OF MORTALXTY AND BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON.
(IVow the Setwmt timed hy ike B^fie^ar-Qeneral.)
DEATHS REGISTERED.
BXTPIUnrrSNDINT
SBOISTRASS'
Area
in
Statute
Acres
Popula-
tion
in
1851.
Deaths in Districts, Ac., in the Week
ending Saturday,
DI8TBIOT8.
Aug.
25,
1860.
Sept.
1.
1860.
Sept.
8,
186a
1860.
Mean Temperature . • •
57-6
680
1018
56-0
52-6
London
78029
2862286
987
968
962
1-6. West Districts .
7-11. North Districts .
12-19. Central Districts
20-25. East Districts .
26-36. South Districts .
10786
18588
1988
6280
45542
876427
490896
898256
485522
616685
144
209
111
219
254
184
196
141
280
267
170
174
182
286
256
149
280
188
215
285
Week ending
Saturday,
Aug.
Sept.
25
1
8
15
Deaths Registered.
b a <^
507
580
516
509
9
s
107
180
122
119
^1
9
s
148
186
160
s
8|
158
186
145
145
84
80
29
29
987
1018
968
962
Births Registered.
827
944
887
i 890
780
905
860
842
1607
1S49
1747
1782
PRICE OF CORN.
Average ^ Wheat,
of Six > #. d.
Weeks, j 61 0
Week ending\ go 11
Sept. 15. /
Barley.
Oats.
Rye.
Beans.
#. d.
#. d.
#. d.
#. d.
84 8
27 4
41 6
48 1
#. d.
42 2
187 10 |270 |424 jSOl |887
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMFTHFIELD, Siff. 20.
Hay, Zl. 15t. to 52. 5f. — Straw, 11. lOr. to 11. 16f.^CbTer, 41. Ot. to 52. 16«.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-ICARKBT.
To sink the Offid— per stone of Slhs.
Beef 8#. 4d.to6#. Od.
Mutton 8#. 8(2.to5t. 4d.
Veal 4t. 4d.to5t. Od.
Pork 4tf. Od. to5f. Orf.
Lamh Or. Od. toOr. Od.
Head of Gd;tle at Market, Sbff. 20.
Beasts 1,810
fflieepandLamhk 9,260
Odyes 580
Pigs 280
COAL-MARKET, Ssff. 20.
Best WaUsend, per too, 17#. 6(i. to 20t. Od. Other iort^ ISt. 84. to 16f . 9(1.
METEOROLOGICAL DIART, i
■ H. GOULD, lafe W. CARY, 181, Strajto.
to September 23, ineliuiee.
ThcnUom
eUr. lUorom.
Thenuoa
Baiom.
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53
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71
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10.
OS
DAILY PRICE OP STOCKS.
i
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A F ED WHITMORE,
Stock and Shore Broker,
19, Change Alt^, Londoi^ B.C.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
AND
HISTORICAL REVIEW.
NOVEMBER, 1860.
CONTENTS.
PAOB
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.- Swedish Coinage.— Erratum 449
French Invasions of the Isle of Wight 451
St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style 469
Stemmata Botevilliana 467
Roman Remains iu France 476
The Legend of King Gradlon 477
Roman and Saxon Remfuns at Lyminge 479
Development of Christian Architectnre in Italy 480
ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.— Bishop Pilkington»« Letters 484
ANTIQUARLIN AND LITERARY INTELLIOENCER.— Cambrian Archeological Asso-
ciation, 488 ; Somersetshire Archseological and Natural History Society, 502 ; North-
amptonshire Architectural Society, 510 ; Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland ArcheD-
ological Society, 516 ; Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 518 ; Yorkshire
Philosophical Society 520
CORRESPONDENCE OF SYLVANUS URBAN.— Archbishop Holdegate's PaU, 522 ; Tiltey
Abbey, Essex, 524 ; Synagogues at Orleans and Estampes, 526 ; Episcopal Names in
the Twelfth Century, 528 ; Painted Glass at Shelton Church, Norfolk, 532 ; Anglo-
Saxon Relics, Kent, 533 ; Bacon-House, Noble-street, Aldersgate, 535 ; " Old"
St. Peter's at Rome— A Misread Date 53g
HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS. — Sussex Arohnological Collections,
537 ; Elvin's Handbook of Mottoes, 539 ; Holt's The Right of American Slavery, 540 ;
The Life-boat— The Reliquary^The East Anglian, 541 ; Sermons by John Hampden
Gumcy— The Romans in Gloucestershire — Eraser's Parish Sermons, Second Series—
Arden's Breviates from Holy Scripture— BlacUe's ComprehensiTe History of England 542
BIRTHS 543
MARRIAGES 544
OBITUARY.— H.R.H. the Duchess Dowager of Saxe Coburg Gotha— The Earl of Leven and
Melville, 550; Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart., 551 ; Lieut.-Gen. Sir Harry G. W.
Smith, Bart, and G.C.B., 553 ; Sir Andrew Mustoxidi— G. A. Legh Keck, Esq.— Herbert
Ingram, Esq., M.P., 554 ; The Rev. T. B. Murray, M.A., 556 ; Dr. Stephen Elvey,
557; John Hamilton, Esq 553
CLERGY DECEASED 559
DEATHS ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 559
Registrar-General's Return of Mortality and Births in the Metropolis— Markets, 567 ;
Meteorological Diary— Dally Price of Stocks 553
By SYLVANUS UEBAN, Geut.
452 French Invasions of the Isle of Wight, [Nov.
traordinary efforts and sacrifices must be submitted to, if we would fully
assure our native land from the intolerable insult and injury of an invasion.
It has always been received as an axiom, that history is continually re-
producing itself, and from this we may fairly infer that what has been done
once, may very likely be attempted again, particularly when the nation
whose actions we are speculating upon possesses advantages that it never
had before. In days when France had no Cherbourg within five houra'
distance, no rifled cannon, no steel-plated frigates, no million of armed
men, she often threatened, and sometimes landed on the Isle of Wight.
Their ravages, it is true, were confined to the island, and the stubborn re-
sistance of the people soon compelled them to withdraw, after inflicting no
very great amount of positive injury. But the case is altogether different
now, and we all feel, of even the temporary occupation of the island by
a foreign force, what Lord Overstone very justly says of a similar occupa-
tion of London — " It must never be." His lordship says that " he cannot
contemplate or trace to its consequences" such an occupation of the capital,
and we quite agree with him ; but we see one certain consequence of an
enemy getting a footing on the Isle of Wight, and that is, that it would
involve the certain destruction of our great naval arsenal. The Commis-
sioners propose works amounting to two and a half milHons of money,
mounting 987 guns, and giving barrack accommodation for 7,320 men,
for the defence of Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, but they seem most
strangely to have overlooked one point in the island, which an enemy
might easily seize, and where he could erect works that would render all
our efforts abortive.
It is not necessary for us to give a description of the Isle of Wight.
Probably not one of our readers but has at some time or other visited that
charming district, and hence our mention of the proposed defences will
be easily comprehensible without a plan. But before we enter on this, we
will briefly notice the military history of the isle.
Though we are not of the school that begins English history with the
battle of Hastings, we may yet without injury to our present purpose pass
over the conquest of the isle by Stuf and Wihtgar in the sixth century, its
ravage in the seventh by Wulfhere of Mercia, its conversion by Wilfrid of
York, and its repeated occupations by the Northmen. It will be early
enough to begin with the year 1295, when the French, who had burnt a
convent at Dover, failed in an attack on Rye, and approaching Wight found
the guardians of the isle so vigilant, that, after hovering about the coast for
some time, they withdrew, without venturing to land. Nearly half a century
after, that is, in 1340, they threw a large force on shore at St. Helen\
though they were stoutly withstood by the wardens, John de Langford,
Theobald Russell, and Bartholomew de L'Isle ; Theobald Russell was killed,
but the invaders were chased to their ships. In 1377 they again landed, and
were more successful than they had been before, or have been ever since.
I860.] French Invasions of the Isle of Wight, 453
They marched into the centre of the isle, and hesieged Carishrooke Castle.
The post was valiantly defended by Sir Hugh Tyrrell, the governor, and at
last the besiegers withdrew. They had, however, something like a victory to
boast of, for they exacted a ransom of 1,000 marks, and bound the islanders
by oath not to oppose them if they landed again within a year. Whether
the men of Wight would have sacrificed their oath to their patriotism
cannot be known, as no further invasion was made for more than 150 years.
Two merely piratical descents were attempted in the time of Henry V.,
but they failed; and it was not until the year 1545 that the French
again had a footing in the isle. This was a very temporary one, but as it
was their last, and also shews what small results may follow from vast pre-
parations, it may be well to speak of it somewhat at length. The story has
been told by Mr. Froude^, and as he has not let his hero-worship mislead
him on this occasion, we shall summarize his account, being well pleased
to find something to commend in a work that we have had occasion more
than once to condemn : —
" France was known to be straining every nerve to bring her old rival on her knees.
]Mcn, ships, and money were collected with unheard-of profusion; and the French
tlicmselvcs were so confident of success, that other natioi s shared inevitably, to somo
extent, the same expectations. The sirge of Bonlogne had not been pressed. Tlie in-
tention was to collect a fleet so large as absolutely to command the Cbannel. The
occupation of the Isle of Wight — a more feasible enterpri8e than the march on London
— would be the prelude of an attack on Portsmouth and the destruction of the fleet;
and in the same stroke which crippled their naval power, the English would lose
not Boulogne only, but their last hold upon the French soil. Montgomery, with five
thousand men, was sent into Scotland to defend the Borders. The whole available
strength of France remaining was collected at the mouth of the Seine. A hundred
and fifty ships of war and twenty-five galleys, which had dared the dangers of the Bay
of Biscay, and had come round from Marseilles, were to form the convoy of sixty
transports and sixty thousand men. William the Norman had brought as large a force
with him, but h^s fleet was nothing. The Spanish Armnda was as powerful on the
sea, but the troops intended for land-service scarce amounted to half the army of
Francis. The aim of the expedition was successfully concealed. Rumour po'nted
alternately to Scotland or the western counties, to Kent or Sussex, to the Humber,
the Thames, or the Solent ; and the English government, to be prepared on all sides,
had a hundred and twenty thousand men in the field throughout the summrr
" On the sea, the English returns were tolerably satisfactory. The ships, indeerl, in
commission, belonging to the crown, did not exceed sixty; but several were larger
than the largest of the French, and all were more effici»-ntly manned. The ' Great
Harry/ a new ship of a thousand tons, with a crew of seven hundred, carried Lord
Jjisle's flag. The * Venetian,' with the flag of Sir Peter Carew, was seven hundred
tons ; her crew four hundred and fifty. The rest were rather smaller, although they
])assed at the time as powerful, effici« nt vessels. In collective force, nevertheless, the
rnemy had greatly the advantage. The whole number of sailors in the fleet at the
beginning of June amounted only to twelve thousand. The royal squadron, however,
properly so called, formed but a small part of the naval strength of England
The whole serviceable fleet remaining in the English waters was collected by the end
of June at Portsmouth — in all a hundred sail and sixteen thousand hands.
^ History of England, vol. iv. pp. 417 et seq., od. 185&
454 French Invasiona of the Isle of Wight. [Nov.
" In England itself party anlmoBities were for the time forgotten. The ooonties
vied with each other in demonstrations of loyalty. The Doke of Norfolk, after a
general survey of England, reported that 'he found hoth gentlemen and all others
very well minded to resist the enemy if they should land — the most part saying,
* My lord, if they come, for God's sake bring us between the sea and them." —
(pp. 417—420.)
" With July came the summer, bringing with it its calms and heat ; and the g^reat
armament, commanded by D'Annebault in person, sailed for England. A few strag-
gling ships, in search of plunder, or to mislead the English, made the first attempt to
effect a landing at Brighton ; but the beacons were fired, the country rose, and the
few companies who were on shore were driven back before they had effected more than
trifling injury. The main body, which they soon rejoined, had held their conne direct
to the Solent.
" The king was at Portsmouth, having gone down to review the fleet, when, on the
18th of July, two hundred sail were reported at the back of the Isle of Wight. The
entire force of the enemy, which had been collected, had been safely transported acron
the Channel. With boats feeling the way in front with sounding-lines, they rounded
St. Helen's Point, and took up their position in a line which extended from Bra^ng
Harbour almost to Ryde. In the light evening breeze, fourteen English ships stood
across to reconnoitre ; D'Annebault came to meet them with the galleys, and there m'as
some distant firing ; but there was no intention of an engagement. The English with-
drew, and night closed in.
" The morning which followed was breathlessly calm. Lisle's fleet lay all inside in
the Spit, the heavy sails hanging motionless on the yards, the smoke from the chimneys
of the cottages on shore rising in blue columns straight up into the air. It was a
morning beautiful with the beauty of an English summer and an English sea; but, for
the work before hiro, Lord Lisle would have gladly heard the west wind among his
shrouds. At this time he had not a galley to oppose to the five-and-twenty which
D'Annebault had brought with him ; and in such weather the galleys had all the ad-
vantages of the modem gunboats. From the single long g^n which each of them
carried in the bow they poured shot for an hour into the tall stationary hulls of the
line-of-battle ships ; and keeping in constant motion, they were themselves in perfect
security. According to the French account of the action, the * Great Harry' snlTerpd
so severely as almost to bo sunk at her anchorage ; and had the calm continaed, tlu^y
believed that they could have destroyed the entire fieet. As the morning drew on,
however, the off-shore breeze sprung up suddenly; the lai^ ships began to gli«le
through the water; a number of frigates —long, narrow vessels, so swift, the French
said, that they could outsail their fastest shallops — came out with 'incredible swift-
ness ^ ;' and the fortune of the day was changed. The enemy were afraid to torn, lest
they should be run over ; and if they attempted to escape into tho wind, they wooM
be cut off from their own fleet. The main line advanced barely in time to save them ;
and the English, whose object was to draw the enemy into action under the g^ns of
their own fortresses and among the shoals at the Spit, retired to their old groond.
The loss on both sido^ had been insignificant ; but the occasion was rendered memorable
by a misfortune. The ' Mary Rose,' a ship of six hundred tons, and one of the finest
in the navy, was among the vessels engaged with the galleys. She was commanded fay
Sir George Carcw, and manned with a crew who were said, all of them, to be fitter,
in their own conceit, to order than obey, and to be incompetent for ordinary work.
The ports were open fur the act-on, the guns were run out, and, in consequence of the
calm, had been imperfectly secured. The breeze rising suddenly, and the vessel laying
slightly over, the windward tier slipped across the deck, and, as she yielded fbrther to
* " The action is related with great minuteness in Da Bellay's Memoirs.**
I860.] French Invasions of the Isle of Wight. 455
the weight, the lee ports were depressed below the water-line, the ship instantly filled,
and carried down with her every soul who was on board. Almost at the same moment
the French treasure-ship, ' La Maitresse,' was also reported to be sinking. She had
been strained at sea, and the shock of her own cannon completed the mischief. There
was but just time to save her crew aad remove the money-chest, when she too was
disabled. She was towed to the mouth of Brading Harbour, and left on the shore.
" These inglorious casualties were a feeble result of the meeting of the two largest
navies which had encountered each other for centuries. The day had as yet lost but
a few hours, and D'Annebault, hearing that the king was a spectator of the scene,
believed that he might taunt him out of his caution by landing troops in the island.
The sight of the enemy taking possession of English territory, and the blaze of English
villages, scarcely two cannon-shot distance firom him, would provoke his patience, and
the fleet would again advance. Detachments were set on shore at three different
points, which in Du Bellay*8 description are not easy to recognise. Pierre Strozzi, an
Italian, attacked a fort, perhaps near Sea View, which had annoyed the galleys in
the morning. The garrison abandoned it as he approached, and it was destroyed.
M. de Thais, landing without resistance, advanced into the island to reconnoitre. He
went forward till he had entangled his party in a glen surrounded by thickets ; and
here he was checked by a shower of arrows from invimble hands. The English, few in
number, but on their own ground, hovered about him, giving way when they were
attacked, but banging on his skirts, and pouring death into his ranks from their silent
bows, till prudence warned him to withdraw to the open sands. The third detachment
was the most considerable ; it was composed of picked men, and was led by two of the
most distinguished commanders of the galleys. These must have landed close to
Bcmbridge. They were no sooner on shore than they were charged by a body of
cavalry. There was sharp fighting ; and the soldiers in the nearest ships, excited at
the spectacle of the skirmish and the rattle of the carbines, became unmanageable,
seized the boats, and went off, without their officers, to join. The English, being now
outnumbered, withdrew: the French straggled after them in loose order, tdl they
came out upon the downs sloping up towards the Culver Cliffs; and here, being
scattered in twos and threes, they were again charged with fatal effect. Many were
cut in pieces; the rest fled, the English pursuing and sabreing them down to the
shore ; and but few would have escaped, but that the disaster was perceived from the
fleet, large masses of men were sent in, under shelter of the guns, to relieve the
fugitives ; and the English, being badly pressed in return, drew off, still fighting as
they retreated, till they reached a stream, which they crossed, and broke the bridge
behind them «*."— (pp. 422—426.)
The Frepch admiral now called a council of war, and proposed to force
bis way inside the Spit, and attack Portsmouth. The pilots protested,
and the plan was abandoned : —
" It remained, therefore, to decide whether the army should land in force npon the
inland, and drive the English out of it, as they might easily do. They had brought
%vith them seven thousand pioneers, who could rapidly tlirow up fortresses at Newport,
Cowcs, St. Helen's, and elsewhere ; and they could leave garrisons strong enough to
maintain their ground against any force which the English would be able to bring
ngjiinst them. Tbey would thus hold in their hands a security for Boulogne; and as
the English did not dare to &ce their fleet in the open water, they might convert their
tenure into a permanence.
" This was the course which they intended to pursue : and it was the course which,
^ " The brook at the head of Brading Harbour probably. Du Bcllay evidently wrote
from the account of persons who were present."
456 French Invasions of the Isle of Wight. [Nov.
in the opinion of Du Bellay, one of the ablest generals in France, they indisputably
OQght to have pursued. In neglecting it he considered that an opportunity was wasted,
the loss of which his confidence in Providence and in the destinies of France alone
enabled him to forgive.
" D'Annebault, however, had received discretionary powers; and, for some unknown
reason, he determined to try his fortune elsewhere. After three days of barren de-
monstration, the fleet weighed anchor and sailed. His misfortunes in the Isle of Wight
were not yet over. The ships were in want of fresh water ; and on leaving St. Helen's
he went round into Shanklin Bay, where he sent his boats to fill their casks at the
rivulet which runs down the Chine. The stream was small, the task was tedioos, and
the Chevalier d'Eulx, who, with a few companies, was appointed to guard the watering
parties, seeing no signs of danger, wandered inland, attended by some of his men, to
the top of the high down adjoining. The English, who had been engaged with the
other detachments two days be'bre, had kept on the hills, watching the motions of the
fleet. The Chevalier was caught in an ambuscade, and, after defending himself like
a hero, he was killed with most of his followers." — (pp. 428, 429.)
The French fleet now withdrew behind Selsea Bill, then crossed to
Boulogne, and disembarked the pioneers ; it soon returned, attacked Sea-
ford, and maintained a running fight with the English oflf Shoreham, but
at last withdrew to the mouth of the Seine, where the wreck of the army,
which had been wasted by the hardships of a month at sea in over-crowded
vessels, landed ; like other armaments fitted out to achieve mighty con-
quests both before and since, it presented ** such a number of sick and
miserable creatures" as moved the pity of all who beheld them.
To return to our immediate subject. With the works proposed around
Portsmouth we do not meddle, but as to the Isle of Wight, the measures
that the Defence Commissioners recommend, consist mainly of works in-
tended to close either entrance of the Solent, the passage between the
island and the mainland. On the eastern, or Spithead side, this is to be
accomplished by heavy forts, mounting in the whole 480 guns, and having
barrack room for 2,740 men, to be erected, in depths of water Tarying
from 3 to 46 feet, on the sands known as No-man's Land, the Horse, the
Intermediate, the Spit, and Sturbridge, which surround the anchorage of
Spithead ; the spaces between the sands are to be closed by floating
barriers, which are to be capable of mounting 95 guns more; and 49
additional guns are to be placed at South Sea Castle and Gilkicker Point
on the one hand, and at Nettlestone Point and Appley House (near Hyde)
on the other.
At the western extremity, or Needles Passage, it is proposed to streng;then
the existing defences, and to erect batteries and small works, with 81 g'uns,
and barracks for 700 men. In this quarter measures have been taken some
years ago, which might well have been spared. On Sconce Point, opposite
to Hurst Castle, Fort Victoria was erected, under the personal direction of
the late Lord Hardinge, and even the Commissioners allow that it is ** not
of the most approved construction." This model fort projects into the
sea, for no other apparent reason than to increase the expense of erection.
I860.] French Invasions of the Isle of fVight, 457
It mounts about 50 guns, but has barrack accommodation for only 120
men, and is commanded by heights within 50 yards of its rear face, while
not one of its guns bears upon the channel by which a hostile fleet would
approach. It is, in fact, totally useless, or worse ; and it mast have been
a severe trial to the talented Engineer officer who erected it, to find
himself, in strict compliance with his orders, rearing a '* brick three-
decker,'' as it has been termed, at an expense of full £50,000, which, as
he must have known ere a spade was struck in the earth, could only be
of use, if in the hands of an enemy, to batter down Hurst Castle. A naval
officer residing in the neighbourhood waited on Lord Hardinge, while the
works were in progress, and pointed out their utter uselessness, but of
course the Commander-in-Chief was in^ible.
The Commissioners recommend but inconsiderable works on the Isle of
Wiglit itself, amounting in all to but 71 guns, with barracks for 600 men,
and costing £130,000. These they allot to St. Helen's Point, Bembridge
Down, and one or two earthworks between Sandown Fort and Shanklin,
on the east side ; and to Atherfield Point, Brixton, and Brook, on the
south shore, or back of the island, as it is termed. They recommend
one strong fort at Heathfield, between CHff End and Freshwater, as a
support to the batteries along the Needles Passage, and to prevent access
from the eastern part of the island ; a permanent road along the top of the
cliffs, between Chale and Brook, a battery of field artillery near St. Lawrence,
and a half.battery near Shanklin ; and, further, the destruction of the paths
up the chines in case of an expected attack.
The Commissioners allow that the works which they propose both for
Spithead and the Needles Passage would not be sufficient to stop steamers
proceeding at full speed, " if the officers in command were determined on
risking the loss which they would probably sustain in the attempt." We
know well the impetuous dash of the Frenchman on terra firma, but we
very much doubt whether he would run the gauntlet by sea, particularly
while a much easier mode of attaining his object is left open to him.
It is true that the Commissioners recommend the destruction of the paths
up the chines, " in case of expected attack ;" but every visitor to the Isle
of Wight knows that there are many paths beside these, all accessible to
any ordinary light troops ; and a more serious evil is, that building specu-
lators, who are at present in full glory about Ventnor, Shanklin, and
Sandown, are every day making easier routes between the beach and the
cliffs ; these are very desirable for the accommodation of their tenants,
no doubt, but they would serve equally well the purpose of an invader,
and if the Government have not power to interfere, the recent Public
Defences Act is very imperfect, and should at once be amended.
We have had the advantage, since this Report was made public, of
hearing the opinion of Major-General E. Elers Napier, an officer who has
long resided in the Isle of Wight, on the subject of the defence of the
458 French Invasions of the Isle of Wight. [Nov.
island. He has pointed out the want of a strong work on the top of
Shanklin Down, as, if that height were occupied by an enemy, he would
be able to batter down the proposed forts in Sandown Bay, and then move
on Ryde, and raise batteries on the heights above that town which would
place Portsmouth and its Dockyard entirely at his mercy.
Oeneral Napier's proposed additions to the defence of the island would,
as it appears to us, add greatly to the efficacy of that of the Commissioners,
without much addition to its expense. He recommends, beside earthworks
along the cliffs, the erection of a large permanent work on Shanklin
Down, with an advanced post on a spur of the same overlooking San-
down Bay, and to connect these by a railway of about eight miles with
Newport and Parkhurst Barracks, where a strong military force might he
conveniently stationed, and which could thus be very speedily brought into
use. Shanklin Down is 782 feet high, and is only exceeded in altitude by
St. Catherine's Hill, which is twenty-two feet higher, but from its position
near the extreme south of the island has not the same military importance.
Shanklin Down, indeed, may be said to command the whole island. A
landing, it would appear, must be effected, if anywhere, either on the south
or the east coast. Supposing it to be on the first, the enemy would never
think of turning westward, as he would only entangle himself in the pen-
insula between the river Yar and Alum Bay. If he attempted to march
from the former point northward on Ryde, so as to threaten Portsmouth,
if he did not come within range of the guns on Shanklin Down, he yet must
be embarrassed by the strong work in his rear ; and if he should land in
Sandown Bay, and even possess himself of the forts there and on Bembridge
Down, he would be no better off; all these are commanded by the proposed
works on Shanklin Down, and would be speedily made untenable. With
all submission to the Commissioners, this seems a great improvement on
the plan that they propose ; it is at all events worthy of examination. It
is certain that sound advice is often to be had from those who gain nothing
by offering it, and if the Government could be induced to give attention to
the plans and suggestions of residents (particularly of naval and military
men) in all the various districts where the works are proposed — whether
Portsmouth, Plymouth, or elsewhere — they would act wisely. At present
they appear to trust exclusively to officers who, though highly competent
men, often labour under the disadvantage of no previous knowledge of the
place that they report on, and who therefore miss many points that are
familiar enough to the resident, particularly when, as in the present instance,
he happens to be a soldier of some experience, an ex-student of Sandhurst,
and one whose attention has been long given to the subject.
I860.] 459
ST. HUGH OF LINCOLN AND THE EARLY ENGLISH STYLE •.
Hugh of Grbnoble, Bishop of Lincoln, was one of the most eminent
churchmen of the latter half of the twelfth century. He was horn in 1140,
he was elected to the see of Lincoln in 1186 ; he died in 1200, and was
canonized in 1220. Unlike so many other prelates of that age, he appears
in no way mixed up in secular disputes or secular affairs ; a saint and a
monk from his childhood, he helongs to a totally different class from the
great political churchmen of his time. As a canonized saint, he held a high
place in local and even national reverence. To modem readers he is pro-
hably best known by the story of his causing the body of Fair Rosamond
to be removed out of the choir of Godstow nunnery ; but his most real title
to historical remembrance is as the founder, for so we may truly call him,
of the existing Cathedral Church of Lincoln.
Mr. Dimock, an official of a church which recent changes have made
a portion of St. Hugh's own Diocese, has edited, with very praiseworthy
care, a metrical Latin life of the saint, which, as it must have been written
between 1220 and 1235, may very possibly be the work of a contemporary,
and certainly cannot be removed by more than one generation from the
subject of the biography. Every record of this kind has its value, even
when it comes in the shape of mediaeval Latin hexameters. One is inclined
to wish that the author had condescended to express himself in his native
French or English, in Latin prose, or in Latin verse of some simpler kind.
Latin hexameters of the thirteenth century are no joke ; perhaps indeed
there is nothing worse, except English hexameters of the nineteenth cen-
tury. Still, we must take the gifl as we find it, and, as it communicates to
us several curious particulars as to the building of Lincoln Minster, we feel
much obliged alike to the author for writing it and to Mr. Dimock for
giving it us in print.
Of St. Hugh's Cathedral Mr. Dimock tells us, —
'* With the exception of the inoyrporated earlier Norman work of the west front,
and the later upper stages of the towers, everj stone, almost, ofLincoln Cathedral
tells its tale — in some way— of Hogh. At one portion he laboured literally with his
own hands ; and the portion actually due to him is larger, perhaps, than some have
been willing to allow, as the annexed Life may help to prove ; another portion forms
the continuation of his design and labours by his immediate successors; and a third
portion, completing the church — the exquisite eastern half of the chmr — was owing, as
already said, to his renown as a canonized saint." — (p. idi.)
The part of the minster built by St. Hugh himself consists of the choir,
* ** Metrical Life of St. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, now first printed from MS. Copies
in the British Museum and Bodleian Libraries. Edited, with an Introduction and
Notes, by the Rev. J. F. Dimock, M.A., Minor Canon of Southwell." (Lincohi:
W. and B. Brooke.)
Gbnt. Mag. Vol. CCIX. 8 h •
460 St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style* [Nov.
transepts, and a part of the nave, the rest being apparently fini^ed, in con-
formity with Hugh's general design, by his successors William of Blois
(1201-6) and Hugh of Wells (1209-35). Our poet, writing during the epi-
scopate of the latter, seems clearly to speak of the Chapter-house as the
only part of the church — for in a church of secular canons like loncoln,
the Chapter-house is part of the church — still needing completion. He
speaks of it as having been began by Hugh the First, and calls upon Hugh
the Second to finish it : —
*' Adstant ecclesisB capitolia, qaalia nimqaam
Romanus possedit apex ; spectalule quornm
Vix opus inciperet nmnmosa pecnnia Crosi
Scilicet introitus ipsomin sunt quad quadra
Porticus ; interiuB spatium patet orbiculare,
MateriA tentans templum Salomonis et arte.
Si quorum vero perfectio reetat, Hugonis
Perficietur opus primi sub Hugone secundo."— (w. 966-65.)
Mr. Dimock raises a question whether '* quorum perfectio" refers to the
whole church or to the chapter-house ; i.e. whether, when the biographer
wrote, any part of the Minster beside the chapter-house needed completion.
We do not see how '* quorum'' can grammatically refer to anything but
'* capitolia,*' and we may therefore infer that at the time he wrote — which
may be any time up to 1235 — all the rest of the church was finished.
When we say all the rest of the church, we mean the church as originally
designed by Hugh, not reckoning the later presbytery.
In the above extract we may notice the characteristic confusion made by
the mediaeval poet between " Capitulum" and " Capitolium," and also the
application of the word '* orbiculare" to a building which, of course, is
strictly not round but polygonal.
The poet remarks that Hugh destroyed the old church entirdyy that is
of course such parts as stood in his way, for part of the original west front
still remains. This should be noticed, as it distinguishes Hugh's process
of complete rebuilding from mere overlaying or recasting, such as we see
in the nave of Winchester and the presbytery of Gloucester. He also
remarks the cruciform shape of the church, though one can hardly suppose
that the Norman minster followed any other plan. His words are, — -
" Funditus obruitur moles vetus, et nova turgit ;
Surgentisque status formam crnciB exprimit aptam."-— (w. 854-5.)
It is evident that St. Hugh completely finished the choir, because hta
biographer describes the magnificent rood-loft at its entrance, with
pillars and two beams all covered with the brightest gold: —
" Introitumque chori majestas anrea pingit :
Et propria propria crucifixus imag^e Christua
Exprimitur, vitseque suee progressus ad unguem
Insinuatur ibi. Kec solum crux vel imago,
Immo colnmnarum sex, lignorumque duorum
Ampla superficies, obrizo fulgurat auro.*'— (vv. 950-5.)
I860.] St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style, 461
This would seem to describe a lighter kind of roodloft, partly at least
of wood, and perhaps with an open screen, like those of parish churches,
rather than the more massive screens which were afterwards commonly
introduced into cathedral and other great churches.
That the transepts were finished, appears from his mention of the two
great round windows in their north and south fronts. These seem to have
greatly attracted our poet's attention, as he speaks of them several times.
The passage is valuable as shewing that the present Decorated window in
the south tnansept replaced an earlier one of the same shape and size ; for the
following line, as Mr. Diraock ingeniously observes, shews that the south
window was from the first, as now, larger than that of the north transept : —
" Praebentcs gemina) jubar orbicalare fenestrsB,
Ecclf siaj duo sunt oculi : recteque videtur
Major in his esse prsesul, minor esse decanos." — (w. 936-9.)
The great south window, according to the poet, — not necessarily accord-
ing to St. Hugh, — represents the Bishop ; the smaller one to the north the
Dean. A mystical and not very intelligible exposition of episcopal and
decanal duties follows : —
"Est aquilo zabulns; est Sanctns Spiritus anster;
Quos oculi duo respiciunt. Nam respicit austrum
Prajsul ut invitet ; aquilonem voro decanus,
Ut vitet : videt hie ut salvetur, videt ille
Ne pereat. Frons ecclesi® candelabra codU
Et tenebras Letbes, oculis circumspicit istis," — (vv. 940 — ^946.)
As far as we can make out any meaning, the Bishop is to invite the Holy
Spirit, which is no more than we should expect, but then the Dean seems
to be employed in keeping out the Devil, which does not seem so intelli-
gible a function. But then the Dean, in reward, one may suppose, for his
harder task, looks forward *' ut salvetur," the Bishop merely " ne pereat."
But besides these two great windows. Bishop and Dean, the other
windows in their two rows on each side are not without their meaning.
The Bishop and Dean are the Sua and Moon, but they are not without
their attendant stars. "We gather from the following lines that in Hugh's
time, or at all events when the poet wrote, all were filled with stained
glass, representing saints with their emblems: —
" Splendida prffitendit oculis sdnigmata duplex
Pom pa fenestrarum ; cives inscripta supems
Urbis, et arma quibus Stygium domuere tyrannum.
Mt^oresqoe duse, tamquam duo lumina ; quorum
Orbiculare jubar, fines aquilonis et austri
Kespiciens gemind premit omnes luce fenestras.
lUaj confcrri possunt vulgaribus astris ;
IIa?c duo sunt, unum quasi sol, aliud quasi luna.
Sic caput ecclcsia) duo candelabra serenant,
Vivis et variis imitata coloribus irim ;
Non imitata quidem, scd prtecellentia ; nam sol
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX. . 8 1
462 St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style. [Nov.
Quando repercatitur in nubibos, efficit irim ;
Ilia dao sine sole micant, sine nube coruscant." — (w. 897 — 909.)
If the two great windows represent the two great officers of the
Cathedral, the smaller ones had also their share in expressing other
members of the hierarchy. The higher and lower ranges of windows, that
is doubtless those in the aisle and the clerestory, represent the two orders
of collegiate clergy, the Canons and their Vicars. Had we to design the
Minster now, we suppose we should have to make a third range, in the
triforium or somewhere, and that a blank or unglazed range, to express
Honorary Canons and Prebendaries deprived of their prebends. Our poet's
account of the mutual relations of Canons and Vicars is very curious : —
" lllustnins mundum divino luminc, cleri
Est proDclara cohors, Claris cxpressa fenestris.
Ordo subalteraus utrobique potestqae notari ;
Ordine canonicus exstante, vicarius imo.
Et quia, canonico tractante negotia mundi,
Jugis et assiduus divina vicarius implet,
Summa fenestrarum series nitet inclita florum
Involucre, mundi varium signante dccorem ;
Inferior perbibet sanctoruoi nomina patrum." — (w. 928-36.)
We do not quite understand about these knots of flowers, unless they
were something in the stained glass ; for, if floriated capitals be meant, it
is hard to see how their place could be supplied in the lower range by
" the names of holy fathers." But, unless our poet indulges in a sly piece
of satire, he evidently thought the normal state of a Chapter was for the
Vicars to attend regularly to divine worship, while the Canons looked after
the affairs of the world. There is reason to believe that this was, above all
others, the age of non-residence in Capitular bodies. Bishops had pretty
well left off substituting actual monks for Canons, or trying to nudce the
Canons live something like the life of monks. On the other hand, the
Residentiary system, which afterwards secured to the Cathedral the con-
stant presence of some few at least of its capitular members, was not ytt
fully established. Cathedral Chapters in general must have been veiy
much like those of St. David's or Llandaff a few years back. If our Lincoln
poet, perhaps himself a Canon, acquiesced in this state of things, othen
were found to denounce it. Ilicbard of Devizes, as a monk was sure to
do, zealously seizes so good an opportunity of abusing the seculars. Canons
built houses and did not live in them ; they saw the Cathedral perhaps once
in their livos ; they spent their revenues where and how they pleased ; they
hung about the houses of great men; their own houses were filled and
ilieir duties discharged by hired Vicars, who, when the poor came to ask
for alms of the rich Canon, could only say that the master of the house was
away ^. The vague rhetoric of the Winchester work is corroborated by ihc
^ " ^Kdificaverunt ccrtatiin etiam abscntcs canonici circa eccleiiam ampla et ssoeUa
divcrsoria, ad usus forte proprios, si vol stniel in vita locum viAitandi causam
I860.] St, Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style. 463
curious fact, incidentally recorded by William Fitz-Stepben *^, tbat in tbe
year 1167 Higb Mass on Ascension-Day in St. Paul's Cathedral bad to be
performed by a Vicar. The Bishop was at Stepney, the Dean somewhere
from whence he came back in a few days ; of the Canons nobody says any-
thing at all. Tbe '* clerus urbis et civium maj ores natu" are mentioned
directly afterwards ; but of the actual Prebendaries themselves we hear not
a word.
To return to tbe architecture of Lincoln Minster. The poet describes
the vaulted roof in glowing but not very intelligible language, but which at
least shows that Hugh finished his vault at once, and did not, like so many
other mediaeval builders, leave it to be added (or not added) by another
generation.
" Nam quasi pennatis avibus testudo locuta,
Latas expandens alas, similisque volanti,
Nubes offendit, solidis mnisa columnis.** — (vv. 863-5.)
He tells us of the detached Purbeck marble shafts round the main pillars,
and adds the curious fact, remarked by Mr. Dimock, that vinegar was used
in working the marble : —
** Altera fulcit opus lapidum pretiosa nigorum
Materies, non sic uno contenta colore,
Non tot laxa poris, sed crebro sidere fulgens,
Et rigido compacta bitu : nulloqae doiuari
Dignatar ferro, nisi qnando domatur ab arte ;
Quaudo superficies niiuiis luxatur arenas
Pulsibus, et solidum forti fenetratur aceto.
Inspcctus lupis iste potest suspendere mentes,
Ambiguas utram jaspis marmorve sit; at si
Jaspb, hebes jaspis ; si marmor, nobile marmor.
Indc columnellffi qusB sic cinxere coluinnas,
Ut videantur ibi quaudam celebrare choream." — (vv. 872-83.)
There can then be no reasonable doubt that a large part of Lincoln Min-
ster was built, as it now stands, before the year 1200. Now the work we
find there is confirmed Early English work ; it is pure and perfect Gothic,
with no Romanesque traces hanging about it. This is by no means the
case with all contemporary buildings. We often meet with strong vestiges
offeret. NuUus ibi ex prsBbendiiriis, sicut nee alibi faciunt, religiose resedit, sed pan-
pt-ribus vicariis ad insultandum Deo modica mercede conductis, pro foribud palatiorum
faclentes magnalia, sanctum eis cborum victosque Penates et nudos ecclesia) parietes
crediderunt.
*' Usee est vere vera religio, hauc omnis imitari et asmulari deberet ecclesia. Canonico
seculari ab ecclesia sua, quamdiu libuerit, licebit abesse et patrimonium Christi ubi, et
quaiido, et in quascumque voluerit voluptates absumere. Id tantum provideant, ut
Ludiatur vociferatio frequuns in domo Domini. Si ad fores talium pulsaverit advena,
si pauper clamaverit, respondebit qui pro foribus habitat, (et ipse satis pauper vicarius,)
* Transite, et alibi alimoniam qusBrite, quia dominus domus domi non est.' " — Bic. Div,
de Gest. Ric. J., capp. 84, 5. *= Apud Giles, S.Thom. Cant., i. 257.
464 St. Hugh of Lincoln and tlie Early English Style. [Nov.
of the earlier style lingering on far into the thirteenth century. Some
buildings of the same date as Lincoln are still quite Romanesque. Such
is the magnificent nave of Peterborough. An attentive study of its details
will show indeed that its mouldings are far advanced toward Early English,
but the general composition is still Norman of the grandest and purest
kind. Of course this is a case of adaptation to earlier work. Abbot
Benedict built his nave to match the already existing choir and transepts ;
and in its general effect it does match them, though the workmen have
not failed to bring in some details of a later kind. But the difference of
taste is only marked more strongly. Benedict made his new work to
match the old, Hugh pulled the old down and built the new after a "wholly
different pattern. Hugh, in short, was an architectural innovator, Bene-
dict was an architectural conservative. In short, one cannot help looking
on St. Hugh's episcopate at Lincoln as one of the grand landmarks in the
history of English architecture. His church was certainly the first great
work accomplished in the fully developed Early English style, and in that
variety of the Early English style which is most purely English, that most
free from Romanesque elements on the one hand and Geometrical elements
on the other. It may best be distinguished by its excluding the square
abacus at one end and the traceried window at the other ^. It is the stvle
of Lincoln, Salisbury, Ely, and indeed our Early English churches in
general. But its use is not univert^al even throughout England* while out
of England it is hardly known in its purit}'. "Westminster, not indeed
contemporary with Lincoln, but contemporary with Salisbury, has Geome-
trical windows, in conformity with the generally foreign character of the
building. At Amiens meanwhile the Geometrical windows are supported
by pillars which cannot be said to be clear of Eomanesque. The West
of England again had a style of its own. The Early English style of that
district grew out of Romanesque and grew into Geometrical hy quite
another path ®. From the Norman of St. David's to the Geometrical of
Chepstow Castle, we find a long string of buildings, including the Miusten
of Glastonbury, Wells, Llandaff, and Llanthony, and the smaller but hardlT
less beautiful or important church of Slymbridge, all of which show the
independent course which architecture took in Somersetshire, Gloucester-
shire, and South Wales, ^Vells is perhaps the most valuable example of
all, for, though the local style does not appear there in its most typical
form, we there have the great advantage of seeing the two styles side by
side. The west front of Wells is built in the common Early English stvle,
much the same as St. Hugh's work at Lincoln ; but the choir, transepts.
•* See Freeman's History of Architecture, p. 356.
« Jones and Freimau's History of St. David's, p. 64. ArcJuBoloffia CamArrmng,
1856, p. 240. North Wales (ib. p. 242) seems also to have a style of its own, bat only
one great church now exhibits it» that of Valle Crucis.
I860.] St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style. 465
and nave are all in the totally different local style. This local style is far
less advanced than Hugh's style, although Wells Cathedral was not con-
secrated till 1239, and part of the nave may possibly be later still. We
may perhaps have some day to examine the question whether the work at
Wells in what we may call the Hugonian style is not actually earlier than
the work in the less advanced local style ; at all events the latter is many
years later than the works of Hugh and of many of his imitators. The
local work is just as highly finished, the detail is quite as rica, as the
other, only it is less advanced in principle. The Somersetshire architect
clave to nook-shafts, square edges, square and octagonal abaci, while other
people were rejoicing in round abaci and detached shafts of Purbeck
marble. This fact shows, as Professor Willis obsei"ved in his Wells
lecture ^, that difference of district is to be taken into account as well as
difference of architectural detail. As France and England ran a different
course, France advancing more rapidly in tracery, England more rapidly
in pillars and mouldings, so different parts of England ran their own course
also. Wells, as we have seen, is less advanced than Salisbury in its
pillars ; it may have been more advanced in its windows. The aisle and
clerestory windows at Wells now contain Perpendicular insertions, but they
look very much as if their original finish had been one with Geometrical
patterns of two lights.
Whence then came this Hugonian style, this style of purely developed
and distinctively English Gothic earlier than the year 1200 ? We have
seen it somewhere or other called a " Burgundian style." Before we
admit this we must see more evidence in favour of such a position, and we
must also be quite sure of being accurate in our geography. " Burgundy"
is a very slippery word. In medisBval geography it has full six different
meanings. The first Kingdom, the second Kingdom, the Duchy, the
Lesser Duchy, the County, and the Circle of Burgundy are six distinct
things. St. Hugh was a native of Burgundy, but not of Burgundy in the
sense which that word commonly conveys to the modern ear. By Bur-
gundy we commonly understand the French Duchy of Burgundy, the
Burgundy of which Dijon is the capital. St. Hugh was not a native of
Burgundy in this sense. His poetical biographer carefully distinguishes
which Burgundy it was which gave birth to ?hi8 hero. It was " Imperial
Burgundy between the Ehone and the Alps k," the old Burgundian King-
dom, of which Frederick Barbarossa was crowned King at Aries during
' ArchflDological Proceedings at Bristol, p. zxvii. Professor Willis's lecture is here
raost wretchedly reported, many sentences being pat into the Professor's month which
arc absolutely meaningless, and which he therefore cannot have uttered, but hb views
ou this point seem clear enough.
f " Imperialis ubi Burgnndia sorgit in Alpes
£t condescendit Bhodano.'' — (w. 22-8.)
466 St. Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style. [Nov.
St. Hugh's own lifetime ^. In those days Besanqon, Geneva*, Marseilles,
Annecy, and Nizza, were all of them cities of " Burgundia Imperialis."
In those days the Kingdom of Paris had not begun to ask for Alpine slopes,
but contented itself with its "natural boundary" of the Rhone. Hugh,
born at or near Grenoble, was born the arri^re vassal, not of the Parisian
King, but of the Swabian CfiDsar. If therefore we want to prove that
" Hugh of Burgundy" introduced a " Burgundian style** into England, we
must take care that we go to the right Burgundy. Our parallel examples
must come, not from what we commonly understand by Burgundy, but
from Grenoble and Vienne.
Our own impression is that Hugh's style is not Burgundian nor foreign
at all. It is quite possible that it may be the personal invention of Hugh
himself or of his architect, Geoffrey of Noiers ^. But if so, it is clear that
it was only in England, and indeed only in part of England, that the inven-
tion took root. It may have been actually devised by French or Burgun>
dian brains, but it was devised beneath the air of England, and bore fruit
nowhere but in English soil. The style of Glastonbury and Llandaff is
really much more foreign-looking than that of Lincoln and Ely. But
there is no reason to suppose that that style, any more than the other variety,
is due to any imitation of foreign models. The French architects did
not for a long time wholly cast off all Romanesque ideas; neither did
those of Somersetshire and South Wales. This sufficiently accounts for
the slight likeness to be found in their works. Meanwhile, Hugh or
Geoffrey and their followers boldly cast off all Romanesque trammels and
carried Gothic architecture at once to the ideal perfection of its earlier form.
England accepted their gift and clave to it. We see the results in the
noble nave and choir of Lincoln and in the yet diviner presbytery of Ely.
"We have wandered far from Mr. Dimock's little book, as we wished
chiefly to make use of such parts of its contents as bore upon a special
point. But we can unreservedly recommend the whole, with Mr. Dimock's
Introduction and Kotes, as a valuable, though unpretending, contribution
to the ecclesiastical history of the twelfth century.
»» 1178. Vit. Alex. III. ap. Murat., vol. ul p. 477. Cf. Bad. Fris., Ub. L c 12. ap.
Marat., vol. vi. col. 750.
' " Gcbcunam [al. Gcnoam], Borgondise oppidam juiia Rbodanum sitom." — S^nih,
Ann. 773.
'' We confess that we do not know where Koiers is. We know Koyon and Neren^
bat not Noiers. But we are not proud of our ignorance, as Mr. Fronde was when he
did uot know the whereabouts of Lexovia. We shall be much obliged if anybody r^n
tell us, 1st, If Noiers (Dimock, p. 51) Lb the right reading, and if so, 2ndy where Noien
IS, and something about it.
I860.] 467
STEMMATA BOTEVILLIANA ».
When we were in the habit of visiting the late Sir Samuel Meyrick at
Goodrich Court some years ago, amongst the numerous objects that ren-
dered his house so replete with interest and characteristic decoration, we
could not help noticing the motto of " Stemmata quid faciant" generally
diapered on the walls. Whether passing along the galleries, hall, or cor-
ridors, "Stemmata quid faciant" was a genealogical enigma constantly
asking for solution. When the eyes pierced through the curtains, at the
last moment before closing in sleep, or sought at early dawn the steel-clad
effigies in the armoury, the same perplexing interrogatory was always be-
fore us. We were, indeed, so constantly compelled to observe the black-
letter inscription on the coloured label, meeting the gaze as it did at every
turn, that we grew wearied with its repetition, and felt inclined to acqui-
esce in the sentiment of the classical poet when he wrote the well-known
lines, —
** Et genus et proavos ct qusD non fecimus ipsi,
Vix ea nostra voco ;**
and began to doubt what possible value, utility, or curiosity there could be
in the history of families or kindred. Those days of inexperience and super-
ficial antiquarianism have now passed away. We are no longer perplexed
with the difficulty that pursued us at Goodrich Court. The elaborate and
valuable work of Mr. Botfield before us has conclusively solved it. The
Stemmata Botevilliana has indeed done such essential service to history
by its accuracy, added so much to topography, and traced so ably the
descent of families and their possessions, that every one who has the oppor-
tunity of consulting it will acknowledge that such enquiries, conducted
with equal ability, can be made in the highest degree instructive to men
of letters, whilst they afford a vast light to the general reader upon the
social condition of our country.
In the most picturesque part of Shropshire, a county inferior to none in
every feature constituting variety and magnificence of scenery, is a quiet
valley embosomed amid verdant hills, known formerly as Stretton-in-the-
Dale, but more familiar in the present day to travellers by the Shrewsbury
and Hereford Railway under the name of Church Stretton. The Romans
were well acquainted with this secluded district. They led through it one
of their important branches of communication with the Watling Street at
Urioconium. Their traffic along this valley gave the earliest name to the
])laces now called respectively Little Stretton, Church Stretton, and All
■ " Stemmata Botevilliana. Memorials of the Families of De Boteville, Thynne, and
Botfield." By Beriah Botfield. (4to., 1868. Mvattly printed.)
468 Stemmata JBotevilliana. [Nov.
Stretton. Pavements laid down by this enterprising people have been dis-
covered in the neighbouring parish of Acton Scott. Their causeways still
exist in the immediate locality, works that were regarded with so much
astonishment by past generations as to have been attributed to supernatural
agency. In the fastnesses and on the heights of this mountainous district
the brave leader of the Britons erected fortresses that even yet bear his
name. It is under Caer Caradoc, one of the British chieftain's principal
camps, that the little hamlet of Botvyle is situated, and from this small
spot have issued a numerous race, bearing simply and under slightly altered
forms the name of their seed-plot. The learned author of the Stemmata
Botevilliana, himself identified with these early progenitors, has laboriously
traced them through all the varying stages of their condition. He has
followed them from their first appearance on the face of recorded history,
through a state of importance, till he sees their fusion with other commu-
nities, and almost their extinction amid changing fortunes. He has again
linked together the scattered representatives, and once more found them
established in the foremost ranks of the £nglish gentry.
In thus detailing the vicissitudes of the race of Botvyle, or Botfield, in
shewing the success or rise of one branch and the decay of another, the
author has proved that he was actuated by the search of truth alone, rather
than by personal pride, in pursuing his enquiries. This fact is observable
immediately we enter upon the perusal of his book. We need scarcely
say that this is a most unusual mark in works of a genealogical character,
and therefore it at once stamps it with integrity and value.
The work abounds with pedigrees ; but they are not, as is customarily
exhibited, exclusively pedigrees of noble and knightly origin. There is
something, therefore, quite refreshing in turning to the descent of a man
of gentle blood, or to that of some respectable yeoman, whose family has
been untainted by the vice of courts and uncorrupted by the money exacted
from the people. We have many such genealogies in the volume before
us, and we think such pedigrees as these are eminently worth preserving ;
they shew that antiquity of family is not confined to those whose ancestral
race is recorded by heralds and county historians, but is equally shared by
men of an humbler social position. Thousands of hard-working labourers
have had their forefathers fixed in the same village for three or more cen-
turies, have lived in the same house and helped to till the same farm for
successive generations. The incumbent of nearly every rural parish is fre-
quently reminded of this fact, either by his parishioners or by the register
in his charge. The importance of such recorded descents as these is par-
ticularly valuable, moreover, as aiding our knowledge of the social condition
of the people themselves, and as furnishing fresh principles for the exercise
of statistical, social, and economical enquiry.
We have already alluded to the circumstance of the race of Botvyle, or
Botfield, (we shall use the name under either form, as it is in reality one
2
I860.] Stemmata Botevilliana. 469
and tlie same,) taking their origin from a hamlet bo called at the foot of
Caer Caradoc. The bare allusion to tbe name of Botvyle, associated as it
is with a place and a. family, would induce etymological speculation that
would be inconveniently lengthy, and perhaps not Batiafaotory to any enquirer.
Whilat Borae persons woald Btill refer the origin of the fomlly of Botfield to
a Norman source, othera would prefer associating it with the neighboaring
parish of Le Eotwood. It is enough for the present simply to state that
the Visitation of Salop ia 1623 and 1663 enquired into the pedigrees of
Botevile of Botevile, and that whilst these are given in the volnme before
na, there are also as many as seven or eight others pursuing the same line
of investigation ; Ur. Botfield himself, according to the Visitation of Anns
by Sir J. B. Burke, being descended from a Sir Geo6Tey Botteville, men-
tioned by Matthew Paris as living in 1210. This Geoffrey had a son
William, who is mentioned in the Hnndred Rolls as a subforester of Shirlet
in 1255, who had a son stated to have been in the siege of Carlaverock.
Of this fact we most, however, be permitted to express a difierence of
opinion from the heraldic aathority jnst named, since we do not find any
mention of a Bote»yle in the writs of either military or parliamentary sum-
mons during the rei^s of the first two Edwards, whilst the Roll of Car<
laverock is eqaally silent. There can, however, be no doubt that the family
continued at Stretton-in-the-Dale for several generations. Ab no particular
reason exists for enumerating here the steps by which one generation gave
origin to another, or when they obtained livery of their paternal lands, we
shall pass over the interval till we reach the middle of the flfteentli century,
{1439—1461,) when the family of Botvyle divided into two branches, the
eldest son of William Botefelde. or William de la Inn, bb he is termed, giving
rise by his alliance with Alicia, both of nhom are named on the records
of the manor of Stretton, to the family of Tliynne, Mnrquesses of Bath,
through their elder son, and through John B'jtefelde the younger to that
unbroken line from which the authorof tlie Stemmata is himself descended.
A late writer in the " Quarterly Review''" has attempted to attribute the
rise of the noble family just mentioned to siime individual connected with
the Inns of Court, a natnral predilection for such a locality in the mind of
a legal investigator, hut the evidence of John Thynne, the Thynnus Aulicua
commemorated in the Epistles of Erasmiia, springing from the William de
lu Inn of Stretton, is too clear to admit of a doubt. We nmy be allowed
to place some degree of confidence in our oivu power of collecting and
sifting testimony of this nature. The opinion we have furmed is com-
pletely borne out by the laborious researches and well-known accuracy of
the late Mr. Morris of Shrewsbury, beyond comparison the most able and
faithful genealogist of his day. According to his pedigree, the anonymous
advocate of a legal origin for the Thynne family is placed out of court.
470 Stemmata Botevilliana, [Nov*
Tlie original Rolls of the manor of Stretton are still preserved. They
commence as early as 23 Edw. III. (1350). These Rolls 'supply a great
deal of information relating to the Botfield family, from this period down-
wards. Much information about their various descents, and their con-
nexion with the Thynnes, is supplied by pedigrees in the College of Arms,
and by the pedigrees of Bandle Holmes. The marriage of Ralph Botevilley
Ralph o* th' Inne, abbreviated as Ralph Thinne, or Thynne, is recorded by
Sir Richard Hoare from a MS. at Longleat. He married Anne, daughter
of John Hygons of Church Stretton, a fact confirmed by the Visitation of
Shropshire in 1584 and in 1623, the former remaining in the Bodleian, and
the latter in the College of Arms.
Whilst the elder son of the Botefeldes, leaving the paternal valley, was
fostered under the patronage of the Tudors, whilst the family were realizing
fortunes under courtly favour sufficiently ample to enable them to erect
palaces capable of vieing even with Holdenby and other royal residences,
the ofi^spring of John, the younger son, remained for years in the obscarity
of their native district. At length, outgrowing the paternal enclosure, they
became gradually dispersed through the contiguous parishes. They made
settlements at Hughley, Lebotwood, Frodesley, Leigh ton, and other vil-
lages in the county within easy distance of each other. They forsook the
unvarying occupation of agriculture, — we had almost written, they forgot
the tranquil indolence of nomadic life, that invited them to cleave to the
sheep-walks of the Long Mynd, the Lawley, and the Caradoc, — and eventu-
ally became settled at Dawley. The distance they thus passed over was
trifling, being little more than twenty miles. The times of these migra-
tions have been pretty closely ascertained, by means of the various wills
and registers printed in the volume under notice. From these documents
it appears that the Botfields first settled at Dawley at the close of the
seventeenth century. They were fully established there at the commence-
ment of the next.
From this time, however, a new era of prosperity awaited them. The
mineral treasures of tliat apparently exhaustless district excited their spirit
of enterprise. The foresight, aided by the natural genius, of Thomas, the
son of that Beriah Botfield who was born here in 1702, speedily opened
the way to their steady advancement in wealth and consideration.
We are now writing of events that happened a century and a-half ago.
At this period all the erections necessary for smelting iron were rude and
inconvenient. The powers of steam had not been applied. The action of
a water-wheel generated the blast. Had Henry Cort discovered the grand
secret then, or had he had the good fortune to have patented his invention
even twenty years ago, instead of leaving a family unprovided for, he
might have left behind him the riches of Croesus. The volumetric process,
a ready and very profitable method of testing the exact amount of metal
remaining in the cinder, was equally unknown. Thus, after the example
- J
I860.] Stemmata Botevilliana, 471
of the Roman smelters, as much as 27 or 28 per cent, of iron was com-
monly left unextracted from the ore. The residuum ought not now to
exceed one and a- half, where the charge of furnaces is properly regulated.
These were some of the difficulties that impeded the manufacture of iron
when Eeriah Botfield assiduously, and in the face of engineering and
scientific obstacles, carried on his works at Dawley. The highly respect-
able firm of the Darbys in Coalbrook-dale were already established in this
romantic valley. The contiguity of their works to the Severn, and their
inclined plane, formed at Coal Port in 1 780 ^, for the purpose of bringing
the produce of their furnaces at Ketley by this novel invention from a canal
on a much higher level to the noble river below it, gave them the command
of the Bristol trade, as well as of a large portion of that in the colonies.
They had erected, in 1779, which was undoubtedly surprising, an arch of
100 ft. span over the Severn, a work more celebrated at the period than
any chain or tubular bridge that has since that time been projected. It
was a daring effort of architectural skill, -and an entirely new application of
cast-iron. The success of the effort produced another bridge at Buildwas,
and another at Coal Fort of a similar kind.
At the same period the ancestors of some of the English nobility were
occupied in a similar way, in accumulating wealth through the development
of the iron trade, the most precious metal hitherto discovered for destroy-
ing or civilizing mankind. The Foleys and the Wards, both families since
ennobled, the Knights, the Crawshays, the Guests, the Baileys, and others
in a lesser degree, derived their influence and their estates from the success
attending tlieir mineral speculations. All these individuals reaped the sub-
stantial fruits of well-directed enterprise, and their honourable exertions
justly entitle them to the lofty social position they have attained.
Beriah Botfield died in 1754, leaving one son. This son, Thomas, lived
to the beginning of the present century, having added to the family posses-
sions by the purchase of a good estate in Northamptonshire, besides ac-
quiring other lands in South Wales. From a schedule of property bought
by the Botfields, appended to the Stemmata as an accompaniment to
a similar account of the estates purchased by Sir John Thynne, the builder
of Longleat, it appears that by the year 1 800 Beriah Botfield had invested
a large sum in the acquisition of freehold. Much of this was derived from
the successful prosecution of the iron trade more than sixty years ago,
when there were formidable competitors in this most important branch of
our national industrv. At the same time, the celebrated Mr. Wilkinson was
attempting the monopoly of its manufacture in the neighbouring parishes of
Snedshill, Willey, and Broseley. The latter place was at that time an active
and flourishing community, but its mines being exhausted, it has since fallen
*^ These datf s are given on a half-penny issued Mf the Coalbrook-dale Company in
1799, havmg the inclined plane and the iron bridge represented on either Bide.
472 Siemmata Eotevilliana. [Not.
into irrecoverable decay. A wandering antiquary might naturaUy mistake
its ruined furnaces for the remains of castles, if the heaps of imperfectly
smelted scoria did not tell him they were structures .raised by a populous
community no longer existing. Its houses of various grades so promis-
cuously huddled together, irregular, scattered, inclining, and dilapidated,
exhibit a melancholy picture of a town once prosperous, but now deprived
of the means of self-support, left without possessing a solitary liberal
institution, or even the unfettered power of exercising political freedom.
Such a state of declension must inevitably befal other localities, when their
commerce has passed away to some new seat of colonization. Towns now
in a flourishing condition, such as Bilston, Broniwich, Willenhall, Wednes-
bury, and Tipton, which all owe their trade exclusively to the mineral
operations carried on in the vicinity, may in another generation reflect the
deserted aspect of Broseley. Their coal measures, already becoming scanty,
will at no great distance of time fail altogether. " The black country,"
now nightly illuminated by the quivering blaze of blast-furnaces and the
flickering brightness of coke hearths, will be changed into a dreary waste.
Pitfalls, and dark heaps of shale, putrescent waters, and the rubbish of an
*' intractable abyss, a chaos wild," will exist where now the rays of dazzling
light are unceasingly emitted from the tall chimneys, smelting-housesy
rolling-mills, and bloomeries, so thickly studded over the district.
The genius of Mr. Wilkinson, a man so eminent and respected in his
day, called vast concerns into existence, but he left neither family or wealth
behind him. He had expended profusely in establishing his works. They
were on a scale of great magnitude, and no doubt a large fortune was sunk
in erections and immoveable capital. His connexion with Shropshire* Den-
bighshire, and South Staffordshire is a memory almost extinct with the
present generation. His halfpennies, bearing his own handsome profile,
shewing the hair turned back and tied in a queue, with the superscription
of ''John Wilkinson, Ironmaster,'* have on their exergue the names of
Willey, Snedshill, Bersham, Bradely, the places where his chief works were
situated. The reverse, in some of the specimens we possess, those, for
instance, struck in 1790, 1793, and 1795, represent a workman at a shin-
gling hammer. In the coins of 1 792 the reverse exhibits a figure of excel-
lent design, seated before an anvil. These tokens, which may, perhaps,
be found in the cabinet of a Chetwynd or some curious numismatist, are
now probably the only records of a gentleman whose indefatigable industry
was the means of employing thousands of our population. His exertions
in developing the mineral productions of his country, whilst contributing
to augment the national resources, added to the comforts and happiness of
multitudes, and placed himself in such an important position that he merits
more than this passing notice.
In the same line, but a little later, arose Samuel Fereday. He was
a person of lower origin and of humbler abilities, but possessing a more
I860.] Stemmaia Botevilliana. 473
adventurous and unrestrained spirit of ambition. It was this recklessness
that in a lucky moment induced him to sink deeper into the earth than
had hitherto been attempted, and led him to the important discovery of
" the new m'ne." For the valuable result of this successful experiment he
received, as he well deserved, the thanks of the united ironmasters of South
Staffordshire, in a substantial testimonial with which they presented him.
Such a tribute probably added fuel to his habits of speculation. It per-
haps induced him to enter upon the extension of concerns already too
gigantic for the control of a single individual. Pyromancy, had he un-
derstood how to consult such an appropriate oracle, would have returned
a word of caution, and evident symptoms of bad times approaching would
have suggested the contraction of his undertakings. " The great Mr. Fere-
day/' as he was commonly called, neglected the omen, and instead of con-
tinuing to wield the iron sceptre of Vulcan, and '* rule the trade/' he closed
his career in the Gazette. When the new mine is worked out, and its dis-
coverer forgotten, the pennies of Priestfields will be all that is left to
transmit the name of Samuel Fereday to posterity.
The reader will pardon this long digression, since it gives him an insight
into the kind of competition the Botfields had to sustain. It serves to shew
him that whilst some of their rivals were dashing speculators, mere adven-
turers on fictitious credit, supported from one quarter-day to the next solely
by the accommodation afforded by the bill or the truck system, the concerns
at Dawley and its neighbourhood were directed on principles more secure
and creditable to the proprietors. Such straightforward conduct, in fact,
marked their transactions from the earliest period. Their promise was
never doubted, or their integrity questioned. The same high sense of
honour marked the life of Thomas, the son of Beriah, — of that Thomas Bot-
field who was the founder of the existing fortunes of the family. It de-
scended, as if it were an inalienable inheritance, to Thomas Botfield's
children, to Thomas, William, and Beriah, and we may add, to his grand-
son, who still carries on the vast works the abilities and perseverance of
his uncles and father originated. When it is further added, that each of
them united unremitting industry to a cautious judgment, that they pos-
sessed the confidence of their workmen, who never murmured when times
were adverse, but who grew old in their employment, and were attached to
them for their kindness, the secret of their remarkable success is disclosed.
These three brothers must now, however, briefly receive a separate
notice. They had, it is true, an aptitude for business in common, though
they varied in the way of applying their energies. At an early age, whilst
the father was directing the Old Park Iron- works, which he had erected at
Dawley, Thomas was sent to the Clee Hills^ where his father had opened
coal-mines in 1780. The fact of planting a colliery on that bleak and
dreary elevation shewed that he possessed a sagacity then very uncom-
mon among practical men. Q-eology at that time had not reached the
474 Stemmata Botevilliana, [Not.
position of a science; the theories of Woodward, Whiston, and Whitc-
hurst had successively fallen into disrepute. Few persons would have
anticipated amongst the older rocks the existence of a detached coal-
field: none hut Thomas Botfield would have ventui^d upon sinking
through the*basaltic crust covering the Titterstone. His intuitive know-
ledge urged him. to open the workings in a scientific way. He raised fuel
to a large extent, and thus supplied the wants of a very extended district.
Wealth rolled in as the inevitable result.
On the death of the father, Thomas the eldest son transferred bis residence
to Hopton Court, a place he purchased in 1803, and added the manors of
Farlow, Hopton, and Cleeton, besides other landed property of mag'nitude,
to the possessions he inherited. Injustice would be done the memory of
this excellent man if we did not regard him under his scientific reputation.
He was an active niember of the Royal, the Horticultural, and Agricultural
Societies, a supporter of the Geological Society and the British Associa-
tion, when all of them, except the first, were first formed. Ever anxious
to enlarge the resources of a mind naturally vigorous and comprehensive,
his attention was constantly directed to practical improvements in the
manufacture and application of iron. He obtained a patent for construct-
ing metal roofs for houses in 1809; another in 1828 for improvements in
smelting or making iron, which embodied the principle of employing
heated air in the blast of furnaces. This practice, which has since been
universally adopted in the iron-works of Scotland, Staffordshire, and South
Wales, first facilitated the use of coal in an uncarbonized state, though it
has not, as at one time conceived, improved the quality of the metal itself.
The later appHcation of Cort, who first used blast engines driven by steam
power, was still unknown. This neglected benefactor to the national
wealth forced the air into the furnaces at a pressure of from two to three
pounds per square inch, and at a temperature of about 600® Fahrenheit.
By this means he caused, with the same amount of fuel, a much larger
burden to be carried than had hitherto been effected, gaining at the
same time a more than proportionably large yield of metal. Incalculable,
however, as have been the advantages derived from Cort's applicadons,
those of Thomas Botfield must, without controversy, hold a rank second
only to this discoverer.
When able to divest himself from the anxieties of business, like his
two brothers he freely entered into the exhilarating sports of the field.
All three belonged to a school of sportsmen that have now passed away.
Thomas and his youngest brother Beriah hunted with the Quom when
Meynell gathered round him some of the best riders in England. In those
days fox-hunting was not a late meet and a gentle canter over verdant
pastures. When not in Leicestershire, Thomas joined the Ludlow pack,
and these hounds ran over a country that would try the best of 6hn>pahix«fs
excellent breed of horses, and the courage of a d&ring rider, Yxook Ae
I860.] Stemmaia Botevilliana. 475
meet at Cainham Camp frequently over the steep sides of the Hoar Edge,
through the stiff fallows of Farlow and Silvington, the clay of Coreley, and
the red mire of Milson to the heart of Bewdley Forest. He hunted his
own harriers, and sweetly their music echoed round the grey cairns and
the sepulchral enclosures of the Titterstone. He was a devout Church-
man, and he hoth restored and erected churches before a feeling of this
kind had grown into a fashion.
In the opening address by the President of the Geological Society in
1843, it was truly said of him that the fortune he amassed he expended in
hospitality and benevolence. It might have been added with equal justice
that he used it in promoting science, and in the performance of unosten-
tatious works of piety.
William Botfield, the second son, was bom in 1 766. He married early,
and residing in a house built for him by his father at Malinslee, he suc-
ceeded him in the management of the Old Park works. The whole of his
long and energetic life was devoted to the business for which his father
destined him. He subsequently erected an excellent mansion at Decker
Hill, where he died at the advanced age of eighty-four. Like his brother,
he left no children, and the large estates his industry had enabled him to
acquire descended, as his brother's did, to his nephew, the present member
for Ludlow. From the schedule of property in the Appendix of the
Stemmata, he appears to have added largely to the freehold estates of the
family, besides the various investments he had made in the works he built
at Stirchley, Dark Lane, and Hinckshay.
Beriah, the third son of Thomas Botfield, died at the early age of forty-
five. He had the happiness of marrying the accomplished daughter of
Dr. Withering. The varied accomplishments and virtues of this estimable
lady have been felicitously pourtrayed in Miss Roberts's " Female Bio-
graphy." It was probably owing to the mental training of this intellectual
lady that the author of the Stemmata derived the tastes that he has dis-
played in various branches of literature ; at all events, the contemplation
of virtues such as she possessed could not fail to produce an important
influence in every society in which she was placed.
In the success of the Botfield family we have before us a remarkable
proof of what diligent habits, perseverance, and the exercise of common
prudence will accomplish. Their wealth was acquired not by lucky specu-
lations, by adventurous gain or penurious saving, but by the good common
sense they all possessed, by their feeling of responsibility, and by their steady
course of honourable dealing. Exhibiting moral triumphs like these, they
elevated the views of those around them, and advanced the social condition
of thousands whom their collieries and iron-works employed. They shewed
them the value of an upright character, and have thus left legacies behind
them more enduring than all the riches that can be extracted from the most
precious of metals.
476 Roman Remains in France. [Nov.
Here we might not inconveniently close our remarks, bad we not still
a very few words to say on the handsome volume we have so freely con-
sulted. It may be justly described as furnishing the history of a race,
rather than of a single family. Every source of intelligence has been
diligently investigated, from the earliest court or manorial roll down to
the decaying register of remote parishes. The Appendix, of 548 pages,
contains all these documents printed in extenso, and they are a vast mass
of miscellaneous information illustrative of history, biography, genealogy,
and topography. We are not acquainted with any labours on these sub-
jects that display more industry in their compilation or more lucid arrange-
ment: it is a work worthy to stand by the side of the admirable con-
tribution made some years ago by Mr. Botfield to the Roxburgh Club,
which we have always regarded as a contribution better worth possessing
than the collected series of those bibliomaniacal offerings. Unconnected
with personal history, the Stemmata Botevillianu is in itself a valuable
history ; and its author has completely justified his own opinion, that what-
ever is worth doing at all, should be done well.
ROMAN REMAINS IK PRANCE.
Arch^.olooy in Trance has received an unlooked-for impulse in a disooveiy
made by M. Tudot, near Moulins, of the remains of potters' kilns used for baking
figurines of white clay. Many hundreds of the products of the kilns have been
found. Some of them are of great beauty and of high artistic merit ; others are
of indifferent workmanship ; and some are of inferior and rude design and execu-
tion. The potters' names are usually scratched upon the exterior surface in a
semi-cursive style. It appears also that the kilns were not confined strictly to these
white clay figures. Examples of the red, shining, Roman pottery, as well as moulds
and stamps, have also been found, confirming the evidence already afforded of the
origin of that peculiar ware. M. Tudot has published seventy-five plates and
numerous woodcuts of the moulds and figures ; and to this elaborate work we may
probably refer in an early number of our Magazine.
From a pamphlet lately published by M. Marchal, of Luneville, it appears that
in the countrv around Compiegne, Attichy and Soissons, once inhabited by the
Bellovaci, ana occupied by the Romans from b.c. 58 to a.d. 464, at a short dis-
tance from Picrrefonds, on the road to Atticliy, there is a spot where a few strokes
of the hoe will sometimes bring to liglit the gable of an old roof, shewing that a
town existed there. Wells of Roman construction are also met with, being those
which the Prce/ecti castrotntm were, in virtue of their functions, obliged to have
dug for the supply of water to the troops. Coins, bearing the effigies of various
emperors, arc aug up almost daily; aud various fragments of scmpture, which
al test a high degree of civilization. But M. Marchal's discovery chiefly relates to
the theatre and temple of Campi locus, now Champlieu. It would seem that the
theatre of Champlieu was still in use at the time of the Merovingians, since a few
ca[)itals of that period are found intermingled with the remnants of Roman sculp-
ture which adorn it. Its form is that of a horse-shoe. From this spot the re-
mains of a Roman road lead to the ruins of a temple of Apollo, of whicn the steps
alone remain in a state of partial preservation. The columns, capitals^ and cft-
tablatures lie mostly prostrate on the adjoining grouud.
I860.] 477
THE LEGEND OF KING GRADLON.
In Brittany every place has still its associations of death and terror, as
if the period of the Middle Ages was still prolonging its influence. The
Legend of King Gradlon and his daughter Dahut is helieved and handed
down from age to age. The story is similar to the old Welsh Legend of
the Bard Telesin. Vide P. Chevalier's La Bretagne Ancienne et Modeme ;
also Trollope's *' Summer Tour in Brittany."
FYTE I.
Showeth how Oradlon, King of P*. had a fair daughter, Dahut, and how she
gained her beauty and riches.
The sunlight gilds the towers of Ys,
The towers of Ys fling o'er the sea
The lengthening shades of mystery
That hid farewell to day ;
The breezes waft the distant sigh
Of ever-varying minstrelsy
Attuned to am'rous lay;
But woe to the minstrels of Douarnenez,
Douaruenez laved by the restless sea.
The cry of its wickedness mounts on high,
The curse of its wickedness comes full nigh,
Can be no longed stayed.
Douarnenez's Princess is fair to behold,
Douarnenez's Princess has treasures untold,
But her treasures of gold and her beauty so fair
Were bought by the Fiend at the price of despair
To do whatever he bade.
FYTE II.
7%<f Fiend commandeth Dahut to steal the golden keg of the Floodgates, and lei
in the waters, — Hie good Owenolin war net h the King,
" Go ! seek, Dahut, the golden key.
The key that opes the floodgates wide,
That key no mortal saw beside
King Gradlon, you, and me."
The Fiend hath said, " Away ! Away !
Let flow the tide on Douarnenez,
That never ebb shall see."
King Gradlon feasts in his palace walls,
Lifted on high the cup of gold, —
But hark to the sound of the distant calls :
What murmurs strange make the blood run cold 1
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX. 8 h
478 The Legend of King Gradlon. [Nov.
The guests stand pale with frighted face,—
"The sea!" "The sea!" breaks forth apace.
No mortal strength can breast a space.
The water's wild career.
Good Gwenolin hath roused the King,
Who ne*er till then saw mortal thing
Could make him bend to fear.
" Fly I" saith the sainted Gwenolin,
" FJy from the cursed city's sin.
While there's a moment's grace to win,—
The sea gives nothing back 1"
" Leave not thy daughter !" Dahut cried,
** Leave me not to stem the tide.
Or follow in thy track.
•
" The weakest of thy Arab breed.
Can bear a burden twice as great,
Shall bear us both, with rapid speed.
Beyond the water's utmost hate."
" 0 man of God I what shall I do P
My soul in anguish turns to you !"
But Gwenolin had fled.
" Haste, father, haste, the waters rise,
Wrathfully they seek their prize
Within a watery bed."
FYTE lU.
Onward speed o'er the heavy ground.
The dark waves follow with hungry wail.
The wearied steed begins to fail,
A lighter burden craves.
When a voice was heard above the storm,
" 'Tis the Fiend that takes thy daughter's form.
Cast her to the waves."
Tho' the voice he heard was Gwenolin's voice.
The saintly guardian of Ids race.
He lifted her twice, he lifted her thrice.
But he turned away his face
That dark with horror gleam'd ;
Thrice he heard, but failed to dare
To loose the form, so passing fair
His daughter Dahut seem'd.
But a shriek was heard that pierced the air,
A shriek like that wlien mortal dread
Has lost all hope in deep despair. —
Yet the King rides on, and his courser sped.
I860.] Roman and Saxon Remains at Lyminge, 479
Like an arrow from bow, with liglifniug stride.
Dahut is not there, but silently ride
Grudlon and Gwenolin side by side.
The waves have claim'd their prey.
]^ide, cityless Kingl Ride, homeless Saint !
Thro' the livelong night, till beaming faint
Ye s|)y the break of day.
But never again shall sunlight beam
Oil the towers of Ys, as erst of yore,
For the tide now rolls in endless stream
V\ here tide ne'er roll'd before.
And oft, when the storm- fiend spreads his wing.
And the winds have burst their chain,
On the foaming wave lost spirits cling,
To seek in vain, *mid tempest strife,
The spirit they had known in life.
In the city of the King.
Geldart Ri adore, M.A.
ROMAN AND SAXON REMAINS AT LYMINGE.
The Rev. Robert C. Jenkins, who has recently printed an exceedingly interesting
" Account of the Church of St. Mary and St. Eadburg in Lyminge •," near Hythe in
Kent, has extended the researches which induced him to publish the historical docu-
ments illustrative of the ancient edifice; an 1 he has found that the building is based
upon the foundations of a Roman villa of considerable extent; these, from the portions
laid open, would appear to extend into the adjoining meadow, called Court Lodge
Green, which is covered with mounds of masonry, probably the ruins of the celebrated
monastery of Lyminge, which, there is every reason to believe, stand upon the remains
of Roman buildings.
Mr. Jenkins observes : —
" There is great probability that a Christian church existed on the site of the pre-
sent l.'uilding in the Roman period. The direct historical cvi'lence begins with the life
cf t]»e foundre s of the nunn^^ry, or, as it is called in some ancient records, the 'Minster*
of Lyminge; and carries us back to the year 620, about which time JSthelburga, the
only daufchtcr of ^thelbeiht and his queen ^Ethelburga, or Berctha, was converted to
Christianity, probably by the teaching of Laurentiis, who h»id effected the conversion
of her brother, Kiitg ^Eadbald. At the close o th? year G33 she obtained from her
brother the grant of a portion of the park and ville of Lyiuiiige. Horence of Wor-
cester writes, ' Mona^terium in loco qui vocatur Limeue construxit et ibi requiescit.'"
Tiie ancient portions of the church, as laid open under Mr. Jenkins's direction, clearly
indicate their Saxon origin. They are almost wholly built out of the ruins of the
Roman villa; the semicircular-l)caded windows, which are externally narrow, are
turned in the interior with Roman tiles; and a small triangular-headed recess, used
probably for the sacrament, is composed entirely of these tilt s, evidently taken from
the Roman villa.
* London and Folkestone, 12mo., 1859.
480 [Nov.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHllISTIiLN ARCHITECTTJEE IN ITALY*.
This work is the result of a three years' tour in Italy as Travelling
Bachelor to the University of Cambridge, and the author states that he
was nominated to that office by Dr. Whewell, who at the same time sug-
gested to him that architecture would be an interesting subject for investi-
gation during his tour. This was excellent advice, and both the author and
the public have reason to be thankful for it. We are, however, sur-
prised at the statement that the author had not read Professor Willis's
*' Remarks on the Architecture of the Middle Ages in Italy'* before he made
this tour. He acknowledges that had he done so *' a great amount of
labour would have been saved.'* This we can readily believe, and his
having neglected it lessens materially the value of his book, and shakes our
confidence in his judgment.
We should almost have expected that Dr. Whewell would have insisted
on his taking that book with him in his portmanteau, as indispensable. For
a young man to set out on a three years* tour to study the architecture of
Italy, and omit to read the only good book upon the subject, is like a work-
man refusing to use the best tools, or an Alpine traveller declining to take
an alpenstock. We have no doubt that under the guidance of Professor
Willis his ideas would have been enlarged, and his book proportionably
more valuable. We would also suggest to any future '* Travelling Bache-
lor*' who is disposed to take advantage of the opportunity to study the
architecture of any foreign country, that he should first make himself well
acquainted with that of his own country. By comparing one with the
other he will far better understand both. Mr. Okely had, however, studied
Rickman's excellent practical book, and made good use of it ; and one of
liickman's fundamental maxims, ^' that every artifice of construction must
be displayed," is constantly referred to, and may be called the foundation
of this book. It must, however, be remembered that Mr. Rickman's book,
excellent as it is, and the foundation of so many others, was written fifty
years ago, and the study of architecture has not stood still during the last
half century. Professor Willis's " Architectural History of Canterbury
Cathedral" opened an entirely new phase of the study ten years ago, from
which many have also profited, and of which Mr. Okely should have made
himself thoroughly master : had he done so, he would have been better
able to distinguish the many changes and silent reconstructions which have
taken place in the course of time in the churches of Italy, as well as every-
• " Development of Christian Architecture in Italy. By W. Sebastitin Okely, M.A.,
F.Cam.Ph.S., of Trinity College, Cambridge, late TravelUug B^helor of the Univer-
sity." Koyal 8vo., 228 pp. and 16 PlaU:8. (London: Longmans.)
I860.] Development of Christian Architecture in Italy, 481
where else, and would not have cited such buildings as S. Clementi of
Home as a structure of the fifth or sixth century, when it is actually of the
twelfth or thirteenth. We suppose that the digging out of the side aisle
of the original church of S. Clementi (fifteen feet below the level of the
present one) has taken place since Mr. Okely was at Borne, but the dig-
gings in the Forum and other parts had long shewn how greatly the
level of the soil has been raised over the whole of ancient £rome ; conse-
quently all those churches which stand upon the present level of the soil
nnist have been re- built long after the period of their original construction.
The facts, also, that the original church of S. Clementi was built with
fragments of the antique, that antique columns are still in their places
under the floor of the present church, and that another set of antique
olumns has been used in the present or upper church, prove the almost
inexhaustible supply of these old materials, and that it was by no means
exhausted at so early a period as Mr. Okely has assumed.
The celebrated Roman basilicas, it is well known, were built entirely of
fragments of the antique, made out and supported by rough brick walls
carefully concealed. Such constructions appear to us hardly to deserve the
name of a style of architecture at all, and the same marble columns and
entablatures may have been used again and agSln as circumstances called
for the enlargement or other alterations of the plan. If S. Clementi,
which so long bore the name of the oldest church in Rome, is proved to
have been entirely reconstructed many centuries after the date formerly
assigned to it, others also require to be examined with more careful eyes
than Mr. Okely appears to have brought to bear upon them. That sort
of critical acumen which Professor Willis teaches does not shew itself in
Mr. Okely's book, and this greatly detracts from its value, and shakes our
confidence in his conclusions.
But although young eyes are not always better than old ones, that have
learnt by experience where to look for those joints in the work which are
the best guides to the history of a building, still the observations of a care-
ful young man are not to be despised, and Mr. Okely appears to have done
his work very carefully and thoroughly as far as his knowledge of the sub-
ject enabled him to do so. There is much merit in his book ; his arrange-
ment of the different parts and succession of styles appears to be sensible
and judicious, the result of much study and observation of a large number
of examples. His work really affords materials for an important chapter in
the history of architecture : unfortunately, it is not well worked out, and
the form into which the book is thrown is singularly repulsive to the or-
dinary reader ; it is more like a mathematical treatise than a historical
work : we suppose that this arises from its having been originally written
in Latin letters, addressed officially to the Vice-Chancellor of the University
of Cambridge, and the mathematical education of the author made him con-
sider it necessary to follow this form. The result b that the book requu*es
482 Development of Christian Architecture in Italy. [Nov.
careful study, and is no light reading. There are none of the usual helps
and guides to the reader — no index, no hst of examples, no description of the
plates. These appear to be very carefully drawn and well selected, but they
are more like mathematical diagrams than architectural drawings. There are
no names to any of the examples, and although these are numbered^nd most
of them are referred to from the text, there are no counter references from
the plates to the text, or to any description of them. After some hours'
study it is possible to find the names of the greater part of the examples,
but there remain several which we have tried in vain to find. For instance,
Fig. 1, Plate I. : this maybe said to be general, and to apply to any of the
basilicas, consisting merely of columns and horizontal entablatures, with
a clerestory window over it, but the window is peculiar, and is very sus-
picious of a medieval character, and it would be far more satisfactory to
Lave a name to the example. Plate VI., Figs. 4, 5, 6, are nowhere re-
ferred to by name, so far as we have been able to discover. Plate VII. con-
sists of twenty-three diagrams of the plans of compound piers, and of these
the last two only are referred to by name. Plate X. contains nine eleva-
tions, and of these we have tried in vain to find the names of the first four.
Plate XIT. contains nine towers, of which No. 4 has no name ; and the same
of Plate XIII., No. 6. It may be our stupidity which has not enabled us to
find them, after carefully reading through the book for the purpose, pencil
in hand ; but why should the author give his readers all this needless
trouble ? His own system of classification may be the best possible, but
other people may not be ready to take this for granted ; his drawings may
be perfectly accurate, as we have no doubt he thinks they are, but they
would be none the less so for having names to them, and it is not wise to
call upon us to take tilings upon trust, when it is perfectly easy to give the
power of verifying them by merely adding the name.
Notwithstanding these drawbacks to the utility of his volume, Mr. Okely
has done good service by his zealous labours, and we trust he will be able
to remedy these blemishes in a second edition. We heartily hope that
other ** Travelling Bachelors," and other students of our Universities, will
follow the example of Mr. Okely, and examine the architecture of different
countries with the same care ; there is a wide field open for researches of
great interest and value. But let each, before he starts, ground himself
well in the principles of Hickman and of Willis, and do not let him try to
distinguish himself, and display his knowledge of Greek, by inventing new
terms, such as *' morphology" or " morphologically.'* Architectural forms
may be very well distinguished without the help of such new-fangled terms,
which rather confuse than assist the reader.
We have scarcely left ourselves room for extracts, but the conclusion at
which the author has arrived, after his three years* study of the subject, is so
just and true, and so well expressed, that we cannot refrain from quoting it :—
" The conclusion we should arrive at, therefore, \b, that Christian architecture did
I860.] Development of Christian Architecture in Italy. 483
really develope, not first this way and then that, as if through the capricious ingenuity
of individuals, hut regularly under the guidance of the universal principle, * That every
artifice of the construction must be disphiycd;' which came into operation graduall}->
while it undermined the action of the opposite principle, * That every artifice of tha
construction must be concealed.' Hence we cannot coaceive with * the Ostrogoths' on
the one hand, that Gothic architecture was an Eastern invention imported into Europe,
where it suddenly and entirely displaced the Romanesque styles; nor can we, on the
other hand, believe with an eminent architect, however flattering the thought may
be to an Englishman, that Gothic architecture was first introduced into Italy from this
country, and was afterwards imitated by the Italians in a manner worthy only of con-
tempt. Nor can we agree with the assertion which has been frequently made, thafc
although in England we are able to distinguish the styles of architecture, and namo
them according to periods of time, on the south side of the Alps the confusion of styles
is so great that it would be hopeless to reduce them to anything like order.
" It will, perhaps, be said that a view equally extreme with any of the above has
been taken here, and that we have made Italy alone the centre of all progress iu
Christian architecture. We must explain, therefore, that although the early basilican
churches of Rome have been considered as the nucleus out of which subsequent Chris*
tian architecture expanded, yet it has been nowhere asserted that in after ages no step
was taken in other countries towards the perfection of architecture, without following
in the footsteps of the Italian architects.
" On the contrary, we have supposed that architecture developed in each country to
a great extent independently, although not altogether without some mutual influences,
from whose operation Italy itself cannot claim exemption. If we were to attempt
a treatment of the architectures of France, Spain, Germany, or England, similar to
that which has been adopted here of Italian architecture, we 'should probably flnd liko
steps in their development, and phases determined by changes which were the products
of accidental combinations, corresponding with those we have pointed out in the pre-
ceding pages ; only with certain minor differences, whose effect was not to warp the
direction of architectural progress under the action of the fundamental principle, but
simply to constitute those varieties which we have called local. It is conceived, tht re-
fore, that the minds of all architects in different places and at different epochs were
subject to a general law which they, perhaps unconsciously, obeyed while they exerted
the freedom of their wills and the ingenuity of their intellects; and that, notwith-
standing this law, the peculiarities of different races, or of the peoples of different
countries, shewed themselves in certain effects discernible in their architectural pro-
ductions; and further, that even provinces and cities possess buildings with features
purely local ; and still further, that the character of the individual architect has been
to some extent impressed upon his works. And yet, while we cUsoem these peculi-
arities, we can at the same time perceive the mutual influences of country upon
country, province upon province, city upon city, and even of particular buildings
upon others.
Among the influences of country upon country, the introduction of the pointed arch
is said to be one ; and it is a conunon opinion that it was brought from the East during
the twelfth or thirteenth century. This cannot, however, be admitted, since, as has
been already said, this form of arch is found among the Etruscan ruins, and, moreover,
it probably existed here and there even in Christian chiurches considerably earlier than
the twelfth century. It is true, however, that its Eastern luxuriance began before it
became generally introduced into Italy ; so far, therefore, we muy consider that Italy,
as well as other countries of the West, followed the example stt in the East."—
(pp. 193—196.)
481 [Nov.
#i'tgtnal ISocumcittiei*
The following three letters, preserved in the State Paper Office, are from
James Pilkington, bishop of Durham, to Sir William Cecil. The first is
dated soon after his consecration, and is about equally divided between ap-
plications for thirty barrels of salmon to meet the hospitality expected from
him on taking possession of his see, and lamentations over the state of the
University of Cambridge, where he had been Master of St. John's College.
The others entirely relate to the state of his diocese, and they give a
curious, though very unfavourable picture of its condition. He professes
that his troubles have in the course of a few months deprived him of what
little wit he had at his coming, he knows not whether he or his people dis-
like each other the most, and if they were well ruled (by which he says he
means " by a great power, and of him whom they fear"), he should be
happy to be a sizar of his old college again.
JAMES BISHOP OF DURHAM TO SIR WM. CECILL.
No. I.—Datbd May 22, 1561.
Gratia et pax. Now shall mi gretest and most urgent sutes be almost att
ende (I thank your Honor for your diligens and furtberans therein.) Within few
dales, Godd willing, I will repaire homeward. And wheras your Honor in mi last
warrant bais nipped me so nere in reserving the wards to the Queues use, itt will
make a grete grudge in the couutre for loosing thatt liberti, and your officers inter-
medling will ever be encrocbing on me, to mi cost and disquietnes. Furthermore,
where those profettes are counted as parte of the valour of the holle Bishopric, I
shall pai first frutes and tenthes for thatt which I enjoie nott, as I doe for Durram
Place afore. Therfor if itt shall please your Honor to procure me in recompense
of these losses, a warrant from the Quenes Ma" thatt I mai receve of the Fermer
of Norham Castell 30 barels of salmon, which mi predecessor reserved for provision
of his howsc, beside the rent of £120, the Queue shall have full her customable
rent of the Fermer, mi provision shall be moch better, and as ever I shall think
miselfe most bounden to your Honor. If I have theim nott, thei will never be
answered to the Quenes use, and there is such a expectation of howse keping, that
itt makes me afraid to think on itt, seing I am so unhable to performe itt. For
Cambridge I beseche your Honor have such a care that good heades mai be placed,
and the cvill removed : for some be such thatt I can nott tell whither thei doe lesse
harme being absent or present, and none or veri few doe ani gudd. Mi hert bledes
to think on S. Joas. I brought in halfe a score with me to itt, and thei are as
read! to leave itt as I. 2 be with mi Lord Keper, 2 wold goe with me, 2 be gone
to others, and the rest that have honesti or lerning be readi to flie. There is never
a prechcr in the howsc except one, and I see no hope of ani to folow. Thei see so
litell hope of ani gudd to come, thatt thei be discoraged. Itt is more profitable
and cumfortable both for mi brother and me to be together, butt thatt litell
4
I860,] Bishop Pilkington's Letters, 485
honesti thatt is in the liowse does so muck desire him, thatt if itt mai nott be done,
tliei will me to k«pe itt for a time. To continue the keping of itt I will nott, and
he seing so litell studie and sobriete in the aunciest which shuld be best, hais litell
plesure or desire to itt, nor I will nott thcrto move him : jett bicawse the younger
sort in time with gudd governement mai growe to some leming and honesti, if itt
shall seme gudd to your wisdom to kepe outt a worse for a time, he wold doe his
tliligens. The stipend is butt £12, so thatt who so ever have itt, he tnust have
other livings beside. The mater mai be so ordered, thatt going or coming he mai
be the halfe att the College and the rest att his cure. As I ever misliked theim
thatt lie continualli from their charge, so I doe still, and write nott this to be ani
suter further than your Wisdom thiuke gudd therein, butt onli to putt your Honor
in remembrans, among your otlier weighti affaires, thatt the Uuiversite decai nott
€0 pitefulli in your tyme, to your dishonor. Itt is nott the lest part of your charge,
althogh itt be lest profitable. Butt mi other sate for salmons I beseche you ferther
itt, scing itt is nott hurtful to the Queue. The living Godd preserve you long to
serve Him to the furtherans of his glorL
Yours Ja. Dureshe.
To the honorable and his speelall freind Sir William Cicill, Secretarie to the
Queues Ma***.
No. n. — Dated October 13, 1561.
Gracia ct pax. Paulus cum bcstijs pugnavit Ephesi, ego hie imperium habeo
in belluas utinam cum Paulo vincam {Corinth. 15.) The more I trie the more
^refes I finde. Godd be mercifuU to us. Here is a double jurisdiction, and whi-
ther is more troublesome, I well knowc not. Oneli I wrastel sub spe contra spem,
as Abraham did. Mr. Fletewode surcli hais done gudd service here for the time :
iff 1 might have such a helper, I wolde not dowte bi Grod's help to conquer mani
tjjings. Iff it please your Honor to understand the state of the cuntre, he can
certifie you at full ; in writing, possible it were I shulde touche those things,
which your Honor wold not most gladli understand. But in mi judgement this
I see, that here nedes rather authorite and power to be given than taken awai.
Thei understand the taking awai of the Bishop's living, wherebi kis power is the
lessc, and so lessc is he regardet. The Erie of Westmerland lies not here ; the
Lord Ewri is of no grete power ; the Bisshop is not able as he is wunte : who is
there than to be afraid of ? I am affraid to think what mai folou, if it be not
foresene. The worshipful of the shire is few and of smal power ; the peo))le rude
and heddi, and bi these occasions more bold. I can not finde 10 able Justices of
Peaces, of wisdom and authorite of nather religion. The weake state of this
cuutrc therfor bi this, your wisdom mai better consider. If Mr. Menel and other,
refusing the othe of their allegeance, mai be on the Councei [of the North] in
authorite still, and have their doings for gudd, it will encoragc other to the like
or wurs. I am not much skilled in politic miselfe, and am not able to kepe aboute
me mani such as be, nauther in peace nor warre ; therfor gudd service must nedes
faile, thogh mi will were never so gudd. 1 beseche your Honor lett me have the
favor in finding these offices of Wardes that mai be ; for it shuld gett me moe
freiuds in the cuntre. 1 understand that certain which felle afore mi predecessor's
death, bi law mai be turned to me, bi your gudd gentill help and favor. There is
a Bridge called Oroftes Bridge betwix this cuntre and Kichmundshire, so decaied
that it is not like to stande all winter. Grete suromes of monei were gethered long
H goc for the repairing it. A litell was bestowed, but the grete part remanes in
Geut. MAa. Vol. CCIX. 3 m
486 Original Documents. [Nov.
menncs handes, and the Bridge not regardet. If it fall there is no passage pos-
sible, what nede so ever be. Bi commission it were sone tried what was bestowed
and what remanes. I beseche you think on it.
I can not tell whither menne mervail more, to see a poore or preching Bisshop
here ; and the outward pompe and power taken awai, makes theim much bolder.
I trust your Honor hais disburdened me of S. Joas afore this. Godd grant theim
a gudd one. Mi brother Leonard's benefice here lies so nere the theves, having
not a hedge betwix him and Tinedale, that none dare lie there almost, and in
winter specialli. It is pite to here the evill report of misusing the provision of
vitunls at Berwic for the sowdiors. If ye enquire of other that will freli speke as
thei doe here (for I wold not utter that I here), ye will think all is not well. I be-
seche your Honor anther stai the chaungc of Holden, or els that it mai be with
lest losse possible. I am willed ones again to send upp the processe that came
from your CJourt of Wardes, unsyned, bicause the direction semes to empeche
some liberties, as thei think here, being directed to the ShirefiT and not to mc.
Thei trust your Honor will not be offendet, bicause the Shireff hais no attomei
tliere, and 3 of the parties are come upp to answer theimselves, and the Ladie
Hilton and Bullen her husband be, and have bene, prisoners long in London, and
there mai be founde at your pleasure. I have hadd private conferens with the
Erie of Westmerland for his marriage [with his wife's sister] : he has declared bis
autors and counsellors. I have said something to the contrari, but 1 hadd rather
other taenne shuld be judges openli, lest he shuld think me an evil neighbor ;
and where yet we agre well, peravcnture afterward he might chaunge. Thus fox
this time I bidde you farewell, and daili in mi praiers commend your estate
to God's holi tuition, that ye mai serve the realme to God's glorie. If I mai doe
you pleasure you mai worthili command,
Yours assured in the Lord,
Ja. AvV€\/JL€V,
To the honorable Sir William Cicil, Chefe Secretari to the Queues Majcstie.
No. III.— Bated November 14, 1561.
Gratia, et pax. Most honorable, I received letters from Mr. Sacvile wherin
he willes to know mi estate in Howden, and the clere valor therof, making mention
of the sute of Sir Francis Jopson. I have answerd to the effect that I djd afore
to your Honor. I will not sai much in it, bicause I will not seme to seke mine
owne profet oneli, butt for the state of the cuntri, that it mai be well governed, I
shall sai ferther as I beganne in mi last letters unto your Honor, and leave it fcr-
ther to your wisdom to consider. For the nature of the people, I wolde not have
thoght there hadd bene so froward a generation in this reame. I doe not see that
thei will be ruled without a grete power and of him whom thei feare. Thei see
how smull the Bishop's power is, and therfor thei contemne it. I am growen into
such displeasure with theim, part for religion and part for ministring the othe of
the Queues Superiorite, that I know not whither thei like me wurs, or I theim.
So gret dissembling, so poisonfull tonges and malicious mindes I have not sene.
Sergeant Mcncl, (and others whose names be returned to my Lord Keper,) that
refused to swere their allegeance to the Queues Highnes, remaning on the Cbonsel
at Yorke, and such grete authorites, makes mani to think evil of mi doings, bi-
cause I will not suffer him to rule here as he hais done. I have not herd wurs
reports of a manne than of him, that toke lease paincs for so grete profets, and yet
thei that be like him and his freinds, be sore offendet that he mid not here out
18G0.] Bishop Pilkinff ton's Letters. 487
fhciin and thci him, as tlioi be wontc. I am moch destitute of gudd ofRccrs, and
specialli a lawer, and can get none, bicause the fees are small. I am not able to
cncrcse theim, and the commodities that ffiuld otherwise help to recompense their
paines, are gone and dclt among theim. I miselfe am unskilful, and therfor must
thinges nede be out of order. The temporal jurisdiction is mi chefe trouble; the
Chaunceller's fee (that served both in ecclesiasticall and temporall causes) is but 40
marcs. All tholficcrs* fees of the Cliaunceri be but £14. The Shireffe's fee £20.
Yet all Chauncellers were promoted to £100 at the lest. Sergeant Menel with his
£14 purchased £MJO landc. The Shireffe now having no lande, hais so mani fermcs
of the Bisshop that he is the welthiest in the eutre and rules all Mi ecclesiastical
Chaunceller is a poorc scholer. For the temporal Cliaunceller I have entreated
'Mr. Deaue for a time. Mi attornie in the Chauncerie Mr. Laiton, one of Graies
Jnne, if jour Honour remember him. The Shirefe having all he lokes for, I think
will not long continue in it, and all commodites being gone, I know none that will
of frendship doe ani thing in ani of these, the troubles being so grete, the complaints
so mani, the rude importunite of the peple so incredible, mi cxpericns so unliable
to determine theim, that the grefes and cares of theim, where I hadde a litell witte
at my coming, now have left me almost none. I speke these for this purpose, that
the cuntre, rather than I, shuld be considered. If the pcple were well ruled, I
wold I were Siser in S. Joas. The Queue does not take awai so faste, but everi
one here goes about to encroche on me and make a hande for theimselves, thinking
all will awai, and I see no remcdi but I must anther trie the lawe with divers of
the mightiest, or else lose a grete portion of mi right. How so ever it will prove
in the ende, and sureli the law here is endet as a name is freindet. I beseche your
J lonor consider the nakednes of this cuntre of gudd governers, and put to your
htjl])ing hande in time. Mi dutie compels me to sai thus muche. I beseche your
Honor lett me have your favorable helpe for such Wardes as be due unto me. If
I might have the holle number of theim, I wold have a schole master for theim in
my liowse, and teche theim some thing to know Godd. I am the boulder to trouble
your Honor with mani words bicause the mater is weigliti, commen, and not private.
The Lord for his merci sake preserve you long in honor to the lucki finishing of
that that ye have godli bcgunne.
Yours Ja. BvV€\fJL€V.
The last dai of mi visitation a young preist being called with his church wardens
to take his othe, as the rest, to present such fautes as were amisse acording to the
Queues injunctions, refused to swere, bicause he said those injunctions hang on a
farther authorite, which he cold not alow. This he spake openli afore all the peple,
rcjoising much at his owne doings. After in communication afore a grete number,
he said he thought that nauther temporal mannc nor woman cold have power in
spirituall maters, but o leli the Pope of Ilome. This boldnes the peple growe into,
bicause thei see that such as refuse to acknowlege their due allegians, escape not
oueli punishment, butt are hadd in autoritc and estimation. I can not tell whither
the cuntre will indite him, or no : that parte. In doing my dutie I forgete my dutie
to t rouble your Honor so long ; but sureli these things in mi opinion wold not be
light li overpassed. Yet ones again I take mi leave, and commend your Honor to
the Almightie, who ever blesse your doings.
Yours assured in the Lord to command
Ja. Bvv€\/jl€p.
To the right Honorable Sir William Cicil, these, Secretari to the Quenes
Ma»''.
488
[Not.
^nttqunrtau anH Utterarg IFntelHjsettrrn
[^CorreJfpondents (tre requested to append their Addresses, not, unless offreectble, fbr
publication, but in order that a copy of the Qentlekan's MAGAZDni eonUnning
their Communications may he forwarded to them.'\
CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
This Society held its fonrteenth annual
meeting, from the 27ih of Angnst to the
1st of September last, at Bangor, in Car-
narvonshire. The merits of this locahty
as a place of assemblage are sufficiently
obvious to all acquainted with the district :
but to those who are not it is well to men-
tion that British, Roman, and mediaeval
castellated antiquities abound there> and
are of more than ordinary value, on ac-
count of the historic fact» connected with
many of them. With regard to the
British and Roman, it is sufficient to say,
that a few miles west of Bangor Agrioola
with his legionaries crossed the Menai
Strait into Mona, and that Tacitus still
forms the best local guide when any mo-
dem inquirer visits the spot. Near to this
stands Segontium, now Carnarvon, the
Roman capital of that part of Britannia
Secunda, and Roman roads are traceable
across the district in various directions.
Cromlechs, erect stones, tumuli, camps, &c.,
of the early British period abound here.
Some of the earliest Romano • British
Christian inscriptions exist here. On Pcn-
maenmawr alone tliere is quite a reposi-
tory of British remains, from the camp to
the circle and the lonely cistfaen or stone
chest of the chieftain's burial. Holyhead,
too, with its Romano-British wall, and its
early British remains, is another interest-
ing spot for the lover of Welsh antiqui-
ties ; while the long line of the Snowdo-
nian chain, the mediaeval forest of Snow-
don, is full of all kinds of remains, and of
all periods. In fact, no part of WmIcs pre-
sents more vivid attractions to the anti-
quary than the county of Carnarvon. Three
EdwardiaA castles in the immediate vici-
nity of Bangor need only to be mentioiMMl
to excite the attention of every one, —
Carnarvon, Conway, and Beaumaris. Th»
walleii towns of Carnarvon and Conway,
still perfect, are rare examples of thir-
teeuth-century architecture. The cathe*
dral of Bangor is but small and of poor
effect. The record of it» early eondition
has been almost entirely lost, from ita
having been burnt by 0?ren Glyndwr^
but thougli the churches generally of this
district have no very striking architectoral
beauties, still the ecclesiologist will find
much to iuterest him among them, and
various points of architectural history
receive remarkable elucidation from their
fonts and other details. The priory of
Penmon, however, situated in one of the
loveliest spots of Wales, at the entrance
of the Menid Strait, and in f^\ view of
the great range of moontains, is alone
sufficient to put the most croH-grained
archaeologist in good hnmoor, — ^we had
almost said in raptures, — should ha be
tempted to visit it.
So much for the choice of the locality.
The President of the Association, who^ ac-
cording to its cuitom, is inaugurated for
the year at these meetings, was C. Q«
Wtitnb, Esq., M. p., representative in Par-
liament of the Carnarvonshire boroogha ;
and at the head of the Local CoBBiittee
stood the Bishop of Bangor; SirR. Bnlke-
ley, M.P., and Lord-Lieutenant of the
county ; and the Hon. CoL Douglas Pia-
nant, M.P. for Carnarvonshire. Many
gentry and clergy came forward on this
occasion. We observed the names of all
the leading people of the district on the
list of the Local Oommittee^ and a gvMil
I860.]
Cambrian ArcJuBological Association.
489
number of the principal families of Car-
narvonshire and Anglesey attended the
excm^ions and evening meetings. In the
town, besides the remarkable local mu-
seum of the place, — not so well known as
it deserves, — the Association formed, as
usual, a temporary museum of early and
mediaeval antiquities. This collection,
though not large, contained some remark-
ably interesting objects, and was well sup-
plied with coins, &c., from the Carnarvon
Museum ; with fine early British remains,
and with curious ceries of early British
inscriptions, &c., either drawn or rubl>ed.
The Wekh Oghams were not forgotten on
this occasion, and we observed on the
tables a complete collection of Welsh seals
of all dates, supplied by Mr. Ready, the
sigillarist, to the Carnarvon Museum.
We also noticed a fine set of casts of
early British and Gallic coins, as well as a
considenible number of original^; and a
good collection of Saxon pennies. Bronze
celts from Brittany, of unusual forms,
highly finished, wore also exhibited j and
by their side were many stone implements
of various kintis, some of them very large,
from North Wales. One member con-
tributed a series of querns, from the
simplest and rudest rubbing stones to
others ornamented with scrolls, apparently
of the thirteenth century. Although not
l)oaring upon Welsh antiquities, there
V ere placed in the Museum some splendid
Simnish arms, — rapiers, swords of state,
axes, maces, cross-bows, (Sec., brought over
direct from the Peninsula. Among these,
a headsman's axe, of rude form and work-
manship, with a handle four feet long,
vfixs very remarkable. There was also an
cxijuisite jewel casket, probably of the
sixtet^nth century, made of polished brass,
overlaid with blue steel scrollwork, of the
most admirable design and finish. The lid
of the box was covered all over inside with
the open mechanism of the lock, shooting
twenty bolts from one and the same key-
hole, all round the edges of the lid.
Bangor is at present deficient in public
rooms for meetings of this kind, though,
when the new Town • hall is built, this
will not be the case. On this occasion,
therefore, the Assoc'ation met within the
walls of the National School, a large, com-
modious room of the good old-fashioned
kind, and found it more convenient than
had been anticipated. The weather,
though not bright, was favourable : very
little rain incommoded the members, and,
in fact, the absence of heat was rather in
favour of hardworking excursionists than
otherwise.
It is the custom of the Cambrian ar-
chsBologists to meet at the beginning of a
week, on the Monday evening ; to mako
excursions daring four successive days;
to assemble each evening for papers and
discussions; and to separate on the Sa-
turday. By this plan the principal local
antiquities get well examined; they are
commented upon each evening while im-
pressions are vivid; local knowledge
is brought to bear upon them; and,
what is of great importance, the inhabit-
ants of the localities are taught to open
their eyes to the riches around them,
and to take steps for their preservation.
A most gratifying instance of good ef-
fected in this manner occurred during the
meeting, and may be mentioned here. A
tumulus, near Llanfachraeth, in Anglesey,
supposed to contain'the cistfaen, or coffin,
of the British princess Bronwen, (it was
opened many years ago and a female body
found,) was in danger of obliteration from
the tenant, who was going to plough the
field where it stood. On the local secre-
tary of the Association, the Rev. W. Wynn
Williams, mentioning the subject to the
owner of the land, Mr. Davies, of the
Menai Bridge, that gentleman immedi-
ately perceived the value of this historic
monument, and gave orders for at once
preserving it, and surrounding it with a
wall. Another instance, occurring at the
same time, was the preservation from de-
struction of an early British circle . of
stones on the mountain above Tremadoc.
The steward of the estate had ordered it
to be destroyed, in order to let a tram-
road from a slate-quarry pass through it
(just as if it could not have been di-
verted a few yards !) but on Mr. Wynne,
Peniartb, formerly President of the Asso-
ciation, healing of it at Bangor, that gen-
tleman, as trustee of the estate, instantly
490
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer^
[Nov.
igsnecl orders to stop this act of stupid van-
dalism. These are instances of the good
that may be effected by the thorough exa-
mination of local antiquities by Associations
such as this.
Monday.
On the first evening, the Prrsident,
Mr. C. G. Wynne, opened the proceed-
ings with a very elotjuent address. This
document is so much distinguished from
the ordinary run of presidential addresses,
that we extract from it^ several passages.
It will be found printed in the official
report of the meeting published by the
Society, and we really think it worth re-
printing and distributing widely through-
out Wales.
After some remarks on archseology in
general, the speaker called attention to
the various objects of historic interest
around the place of meeting. He said —
" Here, in the immediate vicinity of
Snowdon, on the banks of the Menai,
and of* M'»na, the mother of Wales,' (as
it is called by old writers,) we are sur-
rounded by objects interesting to the his-
torian and to the antiquary. Unfortu-
nately, the interests and scenes of our na-
tional annals are those connected with the
worst passions of our nature, and exhibit
the familiarity of our ancestors with deeds
of rapine and bloodshed, rather than with
the arts of peace. They contain no records
of commercial enterprise ; they do not t<.'ll
us what commodities were sold or bartered ;
what harbours were noted for the peaceful
occupations of trade; or what chiefs were
famed for the sciences and pursuits which
elevate and advance humanity. Our atten-
tion is confined — exwpt when drawn to our
ancient ecclesiastical editices — to cjistles,
forts, earthworks for defence or defiiince ;
scenes of conflict with invaders, Koman,
S>ixtm, Norman, and quite as frequently
between the natives tlu'mselves. These
furnish well-nigh the whole materials of
We'sh history. Archaiology helps us to
realize, with the ful'est force of contrast,
the different state of society which pre-
vailed in those barbarous and lawless ages
from that under which we have the hap-
piness to live. Archeology, as a means
of discovering, elucidatimr, and preserving
ancient objects, and implements of arts,
commerce, or manufactories, furnishes
ocular demonstration of the gradual pro-
grc>ss of nations, and the inikruments by
which it was effected. Things are great
or small, good, bad, or indifferent, by com-
parison with other times and objects.
The stone huts which abound among the
wastes of these parts g^ve us the measore
of domestic accommodation enjoyed by
our remote ancestors; we get a glimpse
even of their cuisine io the bones and
shell-fish which are found in them.
"It is by the light of arclisBology that
we are enabled to measure the gulf which
separates the rude canoe of excavated oak
from the prodigy of molem shipbuilding^
which lately visited our coast. Ulirough
its aid the mind may revert to the cora-
cles in which Hu Qadam brought the
Cymry to Britain, and may contrast with
those frail barks the Channel fleet which
lately anchored at Holyhead. By reflect-
ing upon the rude ferry-boats which,
even within living memory, were the only
conveyance across the Mcnai, we can esti-
mate the impulse given to commerce and
to intercourse by the suspension and tubn-
lar bridges. We mav look across the
Straits, and imagine Fierce Griffith, the
lord of Penrhyn, fitting out bis ship in
Beaumaris, at his own oost^ and sailing
with his crew of volunteers to resist the
Spanish Armada, and from him and his
companions our thoughts may return to
the great Volunteer movement of the
present day, and the gallant regiments
now marshalling in Bangor and other
towns, who, I have no doubt, wonld give
as good an account of any other invader
who might assail our shores as their an-
cestors did of the Spanish Armada.
Standing upon the mined tower of Dol-
badam, the antiqtiarian may picture to
himself the unhappy Prince who was im-
prisoned there by his brother Llewelyn,
limning against the same battlement, and
gazing upon the opposite hill, where then
a few browzing goats and sheep alone dis-
turbed the solitade, but whose slopes now
echo with the rattle of rubbish shot down
into the lake, the puffing of the looouio-
tive, and teem with all the sig^ of peace*
ful industry.
"The traces of primitive or British
occupation of this portion of Yenedotia
(Gwynedd) are abundantly observable in
the ruins of old walls, of huts and cairns
upon our mountains and moors, in nu-
merous earth' entrenchments, and in trace*
of former cultivation upon hills and de-
vatcd side-lands now abandoned to ftina
or heath. Ulie neighbourhood of Fen-
maenmawr will exhibit these farrows and
indications of p ist indnstry. The hills
aronnd are covered with old forts and
dwelling-huts. Tlie whole diiMst of
Snowdon was, in fact^ one
I860.]
Cambrian Archaeological Association.
491
ways resorted to as a bulwark against
aggression, often assailed and penetrated,
but never occupied lill Edward I. Its
bt/undaries were the Conway on the north,
and Traethmawr on the south, which the
Welsh crossed when hard pressed, fortify-
ing the defiles and castles along the fron-
tiers with watch-towers interspersed.
'* Besides the large castks, we find most
of the hills and eminences fortified, under
the various names of moel, diniiSy castell,
caery crug, an«l tommen. The latter were
the sitrs, probably, of wooden towers or
stockades, analogous to the New Zealand
pahy which, even with artillery, our troops
have found it hard to penetrate. The
camp upon Penniuen is mentioned by
Camden as being, according to tradition,
*the strongest place of defence that the
ancient Britons had in all Snowdon.'
* Moreover,' he adds, ' the greatness of the
work shews that it was a princ* ly fortifi-
cation, strengthened by nature and work-
manship.' S'r Lytton-Bu'wer, in his
novel of ' Harold,* gives a most accurate
description of it, and makes it the scene
of the death of Griffith ap Llewelyn, who
was slain there, while resisting Harold's
inv.:sion of Snowdon, l>y his own subjects.
On the summit of the Kivals, beyond
Clynnog, however, is another example,
perhaps the best that exists, of a Britih
fortress. Its remote situation, and the
difficulty of acci'ss to it, have pre-
served it in a more unaltered state than
any other which I have st^en. We have
the treble wall of vast strength, with
traces of towers at intervals, — the en-
trance-gateways, one of them still sur-
mounted by its huge lintel-stone, — and
within the enclosure, in great numbers,
the most perfect specimens extant of the
small circular buildings, whose natuie has
been disputeil, but which, there seems no
reason to doubt, were habitations, after
the usual fashion of British housis, for
the inmates or garrison of the enclosure.
For we learn from Strabo that 'tlie
houses of the Britons were round, with a
high pointed covering;' Csesar tells us
that they were only lighted by the door ;
and on the Autonine column they are
represented as circular, with an arched
entrance. Comparing these accounts with
the walls which still remain, we may bo
tolerably certain that they were conical,
tent-shaped buildings, with walls of stone,
roofed in with boughs, reeds, fern, or sods,
without other aperture than the doorway.
Immediately behind this fortress lies the
secluded and almost inaccessible little
valley, Nant Gwytherin, where Vortijjern
ended his days iugloriously. On Caru
Bod nan and Cam Madryn arc other in-
teresting Briiisli renuiins, and I ujay here
express my regret, with regard to that
district of this county, that the inter-
vening distance which compelled its ex-
clusion from our programme has deprived
both myself and many other (gentlemen
who reside there of the op[)ortunity of
shewing hospit^ilily to those who might
otherwise have been enabled to visit it on
this occ ision.
"Of the Boman period, the traces are less
abundant than of the British. The sites
remain — in many cases the names— and
relics of domes ic architecture continue
from time to time to be brought to light.
But Norman castles have arisen upon
th se sites which sometimes, as in the case
of Carnarvon, and of Diganwy, near Con-
way, were constructed out of the mate-
rials of the Roman fort which occupied
them. But perhaps the most striking
remains of the Roman period, the Ix'st
evid< nee of the scale ujK)n which her
conquests were conducted, and of the
means by which they were maintained, is
to be found in their great military roads.
Tht y had all this remarkable feature, that
they r.tdiated from some central point,
instead of being constructed without
gi neral plan or policy ; and it is a curious
proof of the forecast and sagacity with
which they were planned, that at this day
the principal trunk Hues of railway
throughout the kingdom, north, south,
east, and west, coincide very nearly with
the ancient Roman roads iu those several
directions : —
The old Walling Street following nearly
the course of the London and Noith-
Westtrn, and ran from Chester to
Dover, then the chief port of commu-
nication with the Continent.
JErmine Street nearly represents that of
the Great Northern.
Port Wag — The Great Western from
London to Exeter.
Stone Street — The London and Brighton.
" In this district within which we are now
assembled, we still find in a very perfect
state of preservation port-ions of the old
Roman road of communication between
Chester and Segontium. From Chester
it ran to the Roman station of Varo, now
Caerwys, past Bodfari, the private resi-
dence or villa of the Rouian General
Varus; whether Caerwys, the modern
name of the camp, can be derived from
Caer Varus, is a question which I must
leave to Welsh etymologiana. From
thence the road crossed the Conway at
the Roman station of Conuvium, now
492
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nov.
Caerhun, and from tbence by Bwlch-y-
ddaufen, and behind Peumaen down to
Aber, whence it followed the line of the
8ca-coast.
" Remote and nnproductive as this pnrt
of Britaiir must have been, the Romans
seem to have thought it worth holding in
considerable force, owing no doubt to the
command wliich it gave them of the Irish
Channel, and also probably for the sike of
its mineral treasures — its silver, lead, iron,
and copper mines, which were well known
to and worked by them. Besides Caer-
narvon and Caerhun, they had a station at
Holyhead, aiid several minor forts, with
military stations on their lines of commu-
nication. It does not appear that Ostorius,
after ovei'throwing Caractacus on the
frontiers of Gwyned, penetrated further,
but Paulinus (a.d. 60) a few years later
made his memorable inroad into Anglesea,
of which the well-known passage in Ta-
citus gives 80 vivid a picture, lie threw
his troops across ju«t under Llanidan,
where they crossed partly in boats, partly
by swimming, the infantry holding on by
the horsemtn.
" Of the Norman dynasty, nearly every
reign was signalized by a Welsh invadion.
William Rufus, Henry I., Henry II., aiM
Henry III. all attacked it, and were all
unsuccessful. The defeat of Henry II.
by the famous Owen Gwynedd is com-
memorated in the well-known ode of Gray.
Of Henry the Third's invasion, an inter-
esting record is preserved in a letter
written from the royal camp at Diganwy,
by a nobleman to liis fi-iends in England,
in which he describes the hardships they
were enduring, and their mortification at
seeing a vessel from Ireland laden with
wine run aground in the river, and fall
into the hands of the Welsh.
" The defiles of Snowdon were the scene
of the final struggles of the Welsh princes
for liberty and inde{)endence. It had
been their hunting-ground, and they ap-
pear to have carried their courts about
with them in their huntingcircuits, whence
the immerous places which still retain the
name of Llys (court). Llewelyn had a
seat at Abcr, another at Nantlle lakes,
lilanllyfni, where Edward after the con-
quest held a fair, and stibsequently a
tournament at Morfa Nevin, which was
attended by the chivalry of England. In
some of the morasses of Snowdon above
Aber, after Llewelyn's death and the fall
of Dolbadarn, his last stronghold, his bro-
ther Davyd wandered with his wife and
family in their extremity. The unfortu-
nate prince was taken to England and
executed there. But the fate and cap-
5
tivity of the two gallant brothers have
been commemorated by their countrymen,
who devoted the two adjacent peaks of
Snowdon as a carnedd, or memorial-stone,
to each, and they b' ar to this dsy the
names of Carnedd Davyd and Carnedd
Lh welyn. It was at Aber, too, that the last
Llewelyn, after his hollow compromise
with Edward, forgot his former renown in
domestic life with Eleanor do Montford.
And at Aber also resided his grandfather,
Llewelyn the Great, with his wife Joan,
the natural daughter of King John, whose
sarcophagus, after being degraded to a
cattle-trough, has been preserved in the
grounds of Baron Hill. After the con-
quest, these parts witnessed several in-
surrections bt'fore their final incorporation
with the realm of England. Madoc, son
of the last Llewelyn, took Carnarvon, and
brought Edward again into Wales to quell
the revolt.
"Owen Glyndwr ravaged this district
in his rebellion against Henry IV., and
tried in vain to seize Carnarvon. There
is a tradition that a certain Dean of Ban-
gor (called the Black Dean) received Owen
Glyndwr, young Percy, and Mortimer, in
his house at Aberdovey, where a scheme
was bronched to divide the kingdom be-
tween them. In the civil wars Carnarvon
yielded to General Mytton, and he in
turn was besieged there hy Sir John Owen,
of Eifionydd, who hearing that Colonel
Carter was on his way to relieve the place,
went to meet him, and a battle was
fought near Ijlandegiu, where Sir John
was taken prisoner, and North Wales sub-
mitted to the Parliamentary forces. I
may mention, in connexion with Carnar-
von, a proverb recorded by Sir John
Wynn, which speaks of * the lawyers of
Carnarvon, (this being the seat of the law
courts in North Wales,) the merchants of
Beaumaris, and the gentlemen of Con-
way.*
" Speaking here in Bangnr, some men-
tion must be made of the cathedral,
though the details of it, both archit«-ctu-
ral and historical, will be fully discossed
on Thursday, and explained to as. The
first bishop was appo'nted to the see
about 550. King Edgar, when he in-
vaded North Wales in 970, confirmed its
privileges. King John forced the bishop
from the altar, and obliged him to pay
200 falcons for his ransom. Fortnnatelj,
the episcopal manor of Gogarth (Ormea-
head) was renowned for its fidcoos. The
great minister Borleigb (Pennant- tdit
us) writes to thank the anoertor of Sir
Thomas Mostyn for a cast of hawks from
Llundudua The cathedral was dertrpyed
I860.]
Cambrian ArchcBological Association,
403
in 1071. and ii;;.nn h\ Owen Gl^ynilwr in
1102, because its then bisliop suU-d with
the English. Tlje jji-csent edifice dates
frt»m 1532. I cannot quit the subject of
the cathedral without mentioning, as a
subject of congratulation to all who are
interLsted in this coun-y and diocese, the
fact that the bishop who now pn-sides
over it is the first for 145 years who is
able to lead, to preach, and, above hU, to
exhort in a colloquial u;anner, in *a tongue
understanded of the people.'
" Through these brief and disjointed
notices of the chief incidents of Welsh
history, connected with the district in
wliich we are assembled, we have no*v
reached the epoch which terminated the
separate political existence of Wales, by
the enactment of the famous * Statutes of
Rhyddlan,' framed by Edward I. in 1284.
The succeeding period is one less interest-
ing to the archaeologist than to the politi-
cian or jurisconsult; and it is from ihem
we must seek an answer to the question
which cannot fail to suggest itself, whe-
ther the complete incorporation of Wales
with the English realm has bi en attended
with all the advantages which she was
entitled to derive from it."
The Report stated that twenty - six
new members had joined the Association
since the last meeting ; that the amount
in the Treasurer's hands w..s £172 8s.;
and that proposals had been lately made
to establish more intimate relations with
the antiquaries of Cornwall than have
hitlicrto existed, so that that county mny
be bro light more under the action of the
Association. If this course is adopted, and
if the Br<.'ton element shoald continue to
be still further developed, it may become
a matter of con^ideration how far it may
be de^itable to modify the title of the
Association, so as to embrace those two
other important divisions of the Celtic
family — so intimately connected with our-
selves. In alluding to the Cardigan meet-
ing of last year, the Report made mention
of the cordial reception there accorded to
the Society, and then continued : —
" It must also be remembered that the
Rev. H. Vincent, of St. Dogmael's, kindly
consented to place the remarkable, and,
your committee would add, invaluable
Op^ham stone, called the Segramnus stone,
within the vestry of the church, which
was considered the most eligible situation
as regards its future safety. Circam-
Gekt. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
stances appear to have prevented that
gentleman from carrying out bis inten-
tions. The Committee, therefore, would
suggest that the Association should re-
new their application to Mr. Vincent on
the subject. They would propose, also,
that a brass plaite should be inserted in
the wall of the vestry, recording what is
known of the history of the stone."
After the Report had bnen received, Mr.
G. T. Clark read an able p-iper on " Mili-
tary Architecture," of which the f illowing
is a brief outline : —
" The military architecture of ancient
Wales rests, with some other Cambrian glo-
ries, for its evidences chiefly upon the tales
recorded in the Mubinogion^ and the build-
ings seen occasionally by uncritical eyes
in the crystal depths of Llyn Sa^iaddu.
The Welsh, previous to the twelfth cen-
tury, held their country against the Sax-
ons, as they had for a time against the
Romans, by the advantage of ground;
but although they knew how to strengthen
a natural position by a bank of earth and
a corresponding ditch, and in some cases
by a wall of rude dry masonry, these de-
fences, of which many remain, do not rise
in execution to architectural structures, or
in scien title arrangement to works of castra-
metation. lliese are the means by which
mountain tribes have ever defended their
country, and by the aid of which they
have often beat off an enemy equal to
themselves in courage, and far superior in
numbers, discipline, and the appliances of
war. These intrenchments still crown
many a hill- top and point of vantage
throughout the Principality. They are,
as might be expected, more frequent and
of larger area on the English frontier, but
they are also found along the sea coast,
and in the interior of the country, and
were no doubt in many cases constructed
and employed dui-ing the fierce intestine
wars which were continually carried on
among the WeUh tribes, and to which
invaders have ever owed much of their
success.
Speaking of the military earthworks
of Wales and its borders, the writer said
" they were very irregularly disposed, and
that altogether there are of them about
609, of which Pembroke contains 112, Car-
digan 79, Montgomery 55, Caernarvon 43,
Monmouth 48, and GUimorgan 40. Some
of the finest and most perfect are to be
found in Herefordshire and Shropshire^
and of these some have been attributed to
the Welsh daring their straggles under
Caradoc (Caractacus) against the Romans
Sir
494
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer
[Nov.
under Ostorius Scapula. Taking the gene-
ral distribution of the camps from the
north downwards, there are but tew in
the body of Anglesey, but they lie more
closely along the neighbourhood of the
Henai Strait, corresponding to others
upon the opposite shore of Arvon. There
are several noon the headland of Carnar-
von fringing the sea coast, some atiout the
mouth of the Conway river, and many,
and of great strength, upon the high laud
between the Vale of Clwyd and the ♦*stu-
ary of the Dee.. Merioneth, thouirh ex-
tending across from the Severn to th«> bay
of Cardigan, contains but few camps and
those chiefly on the upper Dee, between
Cor wen and liahi, about Towyn, and along
the shore to the marshes of the Dovey.
In parts of Montgomery they lie thickly
posted, especially upon the Vymwy and
Upper Severn.
" Having traced the plan adopted by the
lords of the Marches for the conquest of
Wales, which was to penetrate by the val-
leys and open country, and at certain
points to erect castles strong enough to
resist an ordinary attack, and often capa-
cious enough to contain men and stores
sufficient to reinforce troops in the field,
or to receive tliem when wanted, Mr. Clark
proceeded to show that North Wah'S, being
more mountainous and containing fewer
fertile tracts than the South, was both
more difficult to attack and present) d le<s
to tempt cupidity. Here, moreover, the
strength of the Welsh people was gra-
dually' concen* rated. North Wales was,
however, invaded in 1096 by the combined
forces of Eail Roger and Hugh the Fat,
Earl of Chester, who penetrati»d to Anglesey
and built the tower of Aber-Llienawc, near
]yfenai, which, however, they failed to re-
tain. The Earls of Chester obtained per-
manent possession of the March of Tegen-
gel, the tract between the Conway and the
Dee, but with this important exception,
but little progress was made during the
eleventh and twelfth centuries. The bor*
der castles of Chirk, Wrexham, Caergwrle,
Hawarden, Holt, Flint, and Treffynon, or
St. Winifred, formed a sufficient defensive
line, and supported Dinas-Bran on the
Dee, Ruthin, Denbigh, and Rhuddlan, a
[Domesday castle in the Vale of Clwyd,
and Gannoc, or Diganwy, at the mouth of
the Conway, an old Welsh work destroyed
by lightning, it is said, in 809, but rebuilt
in 1209 by the Earl of Chester, and around
which Henry III. and his invading army
encamped in 1245. It was not till late in the
thirteenth century, wh^n Edward Long-
shanks was firmly seated on his throne,
that he was able to direct his undisturbed
energies against the Prince of Snowdon,
and after three great general insurrections,
to reign paramount in Wales. The diffi-
culties of the undertaking are sufficiently
attested by the strong and stately castles
of Conway, Beaumaris, Carnarvon, Har-
lech, and Criccieth, with which that pru-
dent monarch thought it necessary to se-
cure his conquest. The Welsh castles
were not often st ats of baronies, and were
more fi-equently inhabited by a castellan,
or const ible, than by the lord. During the
long and internally peaceful reign of Ed-
ward III., to whose foreign armies the
Welsh largely contributed, the castles of
the Principality ceased to be of importance,
and many fell permanently into decay.
Owen Glyndwr, early in the fifteenth
century, has the credit of destroying
many more; and a greater number still,
ceasing, from the union of estates, to be
family seats, were either pulled down for
the materials, or converted iuto farm-
houses. Those in or near county towns
were often used as prisons, and are so de>
scribed in the reigns of Henry VIII. and
Elizabeth, and some, like Carmarthen and
Swansea, are still so degraded. Daring the
Great Rebellion, such as admitted ot being
employed as military postfl were occupied
either for the Kin^ or the Parliament,
and suffered accordingly, and others were
blown up lest they should be so occupied.
Since that period, time, weather, and
their employment as quarries of squared
stone, have nearly completed their de-
struction; and it is only within the last
few years that the public have learned to
regard their ruins as objects of interest,
and that the owners, urged by public feel-
ing, have in some few cases expended
some trifling sums to preserve them. The
greater number of the existing buildings
are probably of the reign of Henry III.,
or early in that of Edward I. Some of
the grander examples, such as Caerphilly,
Kidwelly, Beaumaris, are reg^olariy con-
centric, and quite equal to anything in
En>;land. Others, as Conway, Camarvon,
Caldecot, are a mere inclosure, ^vided
into courts, and contained within curtain
walls thickly studded with towers, and
broken by regular gatehouses, and hav-
ing the hall an«l other buildingpi disposed
against the curtain along the sides of the
principal court. The smaller castles of
this type, as Dinas Powys, Penuard in
Gower, perhaps Whitecastle, and many
others, seem to have been a simple in-
closed court, with walls from 10 to 30 ft.
high, mural towers, and a gatehouse,
but with small permanent acoommotlation
within. The dwellings were chSe^y strue*!
18C0.]
Cambrian Archceological Association.
495
tures of timber placed against the walls,
and have in consequence long disappeared.
When a castle, as Neath, Carnarvon,
Newport, and Cardiff, was placed close to
a town, it usually formed a part of the
circuit of tlie walls. At Chepstow this
does not appear to be the case."
This paper closed the proceedings of
the evening.
Tttesdat.
The Society made an excursion to Bean-
maris, Penmon, &c. The party first visited
Bryn Britain,, said to be the site of a
Koman camp, of which, however, tht re is
little trace at present ; and next Hen Bias,
or * Old Palace,' situate in Church -street,
which was formerly the residence of the
Bulkeleys. In the front is an old in-
scription, "If God be with us who shall
be against us ?" and in one of the rooms
there is a fine specimen of a pendant roof.
They were afterwards conducted over the
church by the incumbent, the Rev. Dr.
Jones, and then proceeded to the Castle,
where they put themselves undtT the di-
rection of Mr. Clark, of Dowlais, who
undertook to explain the parts of the
work. Having surveyed the whole, the
party, a very numerous one, collected in
the inner court, when
Mr. Clark addressed them from the
ruins of the southern gatehouse. Com-
mencing with some general remarks, he
pointed out that the claims of Beaumaris
weie not of an ordinary description. It
was not, like Dover, the key of an*empire,
nor, like London, the citadel of a great
city ; it had not, like Kenilworth, Berkeley,
Kochester, or Oxford, been the scene of
great historic events ; no councils had
been held within its walls; no statutes,
dicta, or provisions were associated with
its name ; neither was it like Warwick,
Pembroke, or Shrewsbury, associated with
some of the greatest of our ancient nobles,
BiUDchamps, Nevilles, Mareschals, Clares,
and Hastings. It did not, hke Durham or
Ely, display that grand combination of
castle and cathedral so typical of that
union of temporal and ecclesiastical power
which formed so great a contrast with our
present political and religious liberty. It
did not, like Lincoln, dominate over a
rich agricultural plain, nor, like Norwich,
over a wealthy and early manufacturing
City. It had not, like Chester, been the
Beat of palatines, who in theory almost
equalled their sovereigns, and in practice
often surpassed them ; nor could it boast
that gracefHil mixture of styles which all
admired so much in Chepstow, Porchester,
and Carew. Beaumaris, with none of
these claims, yet deserved notice, because
it was a rare instance of a medieval
fortress, built where the engineer had full
choice of ground, where he had ample
means at his command, and had besides
the advice of one of the ablest aT>d most
warlike of the great race of Plantagenet.
Mr. Clark then pointed out the precise
position of Beiumaris in the chain of
Welsh military works, and shewed that
it was, with Carnarvon and Harlech, a
grand precaution taken by Edward I. to
prevent the Welsh again taking po>t on
Penmaenmawr, or establishing ihemselve^
upon the flarks of Snowdon. Mr. Clark
then said a few words upon the principles
of Norman fortifications, explaintd by re-
ftrence to the gatehouse before them the
nsiture of a flanking fire, and then passed
at once to the details of the great work
in the midst of which they were assem-
bled. Bean maris Castle is built on the
southern shores of Anglesea, upon the
mouth of the Menai Straits, in lull view
of one of the finest prospects in North
Wales, having the sea and the expanse of
Arvon, no longer "dreary," for its fore-
ground, and in the distance a chain
of mountains extending from the Great
Ormeshead and Penmaenmawr to Carn
Duvyd and Cam Llewelyn of the Snowdon
group, and displaying in full view the
niagnificent gorges of Aber and Naut
Fruncon.
The town of Bcaamars stands close
west of the castle, and the space which*
by the retirement of the water or the en-
croachment of the land, has been gained
during the last four or five centuries, has
with great judgment been laid out as a
promenade. The castle is an excellent
example of an Edwardian or concentric
fortress, in which the engineer was left to
lay down his plan uofeiiered, as at Con-
way or Carnarvon, by the peculiar dispo-
sition of the ground. It is composed of
two courts, of which the inner is a qoad-
ran^le of about fifty yards square, con-
tained within four curtains of the unusual
height of forty to fifty feet, and of the
«till more unusual thickness of sixteen
feet at the summit. At the angles and
in the centres of the east and west sides
are drum towers, six in all, and the greater
part of the north and south ends are oc-
cupied by gatehouses. The angle towers
are about forty-eight feet in diameter,
with walls twelve feet thick, and the pas-
496
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nov.
soge by which each is entered at the gorge
from the court passes through twenty -two
feet of masonry. Three of these towers
are spanned by a single rib, intended to
carry the joists of the floor above. Each
has a well-stair at its gorge, and commu-
nicates with the trefoiled galleries and
with the ramparts. The middle tower in
the east side is a chapel, an oblong cham-
ber resting on a vault, with a polygonal
apse and groined roof. It is entered from
the court by a double doorway, trefoiled,
and has a vestry on each side communi-
cating with the triforial galleries of the
curtain, but with loops, and on the north
B de a hagioscope or squint looking into
the chapel. The wall of the chapel is
divided into seven bays, of which the five
outer ones are pierced by lancet windows
opening upon the face of the tower. The
whole lower stage is panelled with trefoil
heads, as is the west end. The north
gatehouse is of the usual .Edwardian plan,
oblong, projecting into the court, with
drum towers at the inner angles and half-
round towers to the field. The ground
floor is traversed by the entrance passage,
partially vaulted and crossed by three
portcullis grooves. On each side is a
lodge and a porter's prison. The first
floor contains a great hall, 73 ft. by 23 ft.
6 in., with five windows looking into the
court, with flat-headed arches, of two
lights, with transoms and window-seats
within. They are peculiar. Two fire-
places remain — one in the north centre,
one at the east end. The only entrances
were by narrow well - stairs contained
within the towers. The hall communi-
cated with two chambers above in the
half-round front towers, and these again
with a portcullis chamber above the en-
trance. There is a second story, excepting
over the hall. It is clear from the incon-
venient arrangements of the hall, that it
never wns intended for more than the ac-
commodation of the military governor of
the place. The southern gatehouse in
general plan resembled that on the north ;
the inner part projecting into the court,
was pulled down, it is said, two hundred
years ago, for building materials. The
foundations remain, and shew the ground-
plan. The curtain walls are very curious,
being traversed by a complete series of
triforial passages, which communicate
with an extraordinary number of cham-
bers in the wall, some for guard-rooms,
others for the purposes of sewerage. The
lower part of the eastern and north cur-
tains seem to contain a most remarkable
scries of sewers, of great area, and whi h
no doubt opened into the sea. Tbe plan
of the outer court is an octagon, symme-
trical, or nearly so, and containing the
quadrangle. Each of its angles is capped
by a drum tower, between each pair of
which is another tower, thirteen in all,
the place of three being occupied by gate-
houses and a spur-work. This court is
very narrow, so that even if the assailants
entered it they could not muster in very
great force. The walls are low, and of
moderate thickness, the requisite breadth
of rampart being given by an internal
projection upon corbels. The walls are
looped . Parts of this court are marshy and
seem to have been excavated for fish-stews.
The gatehouses of this court are placed
obliquely to those of the river court, so
as not to allow of their being raked or
carried by a direct rush, and a sort of out-
work has been added in front of the inner
south gateway as a further precaution
against surprise. The outer northern
gateway appears never to have been com-
pleted. The central gate arch has been
blocked up in modem times. The lateral
chambers each had a small door from the
inner court, which have been blocked up,
probably when the architect decided not
to proceed with the work. It is said
there was an outwork about 800 yards in
advance of this front. The south gate is
flanked by a long caponniere, or spur- work,
which runs out from tbe outer curtain
towards the sea, containing a fine gallery
with loops either way, and surmounted by
a broad rampart walk. In a drum tower
upon this work is a staple with a ring, said
to be for mooring ships, which then floated
up to the walls. There is a smaller but
somewhat similar spur-work at Chester.
The exterior moat has been filled up for
some years, but in high tides the &ea has
been known to rise to the foot of the walls.
The interior court appears to have been
occupied by buildings, no doubt of timber,
placed against the walls. Some of these
buildings may have contained tbe kitchen,
the fireplaces, which remiun, being large.
The marks of the drawbridges and tbe
contrivances for strengthening the gates
with bars deserve attention."
After inspecting the castle, and partak-
ing, at the Grammar-school, of the hos-
pitality of Dr. Hill, the head master, the
excursionists proceeded in carriages in the
direction of Penmon, halting at Castell
Lleiniog, a small square fort, with a cir-
cular tower at each corner, built by Hugh
Lupus, Earl of Chester, and Hugh, EUurl
of Shrewsbury, A.D. 1098, when they in-
vaded Anglesey, and oommitted great
I8G0.] Cambrian Archaalogical Association. 497
rnvHges. Tliia fort was taken from the Babiogton made some remarks , on the
r^irlkmentariaiu in the Beventcentli ceo- placea visited in the mornii^; and the
turj, Bev. J. GriffiUiB, Hector of Herth;r Tyd-
Penmon Priory stands in & spot which fli. read an uuosing paper on k tour in
harmonizea - deliciouslj wilh the idea of Wales in 16S2, drawn fFoin the Karjr of
seclusion from the aniietiea and tempU- John Taylor, the Water Poet.
tions of die world. The church and con- After tbia, the Bev. H. Longocrilla
ventunl bnildingB ori^aUy formed three Jonea delivered to the meeting tha recnlt
sides of a small coart, approached hj of his mmmer's atad; of the "incind
a flight of steps, open on the east ^de. atones" with which Walea aboond*, and
The cloister was prolwblj on the north which are most important to the proper
side— perhaps the overhanging limeatone and correct atady of arcIuBok^y. Tttejr
cliffs may hare formed a natural cloister, had Tery few old H8S., bnt they wera
and a walk underneath them may have exceedingly rich in these stones — richer
led to the Holy Well, which still remoiost than moat part of the coontriea of Europe
and bears murks of its former celebrity, ^-of which they onght to feel veiy prond,
The chief existing remains cou^st^ — 1. Of and do their utmost towards thdr preaer-
tho church, once a regular cross church, vation. The rev. gentleman here pointed
but now without a north transept. Antl- oat to the audience, by meani of dia-
qunriea differ as to the age of the nave, ^rams, several inscribed atonee, some of
soutli transept, and lower, some assigning which had been only recently discovered,
tliem, in pnrt, on good grounds, to the Among the most remarkable were thon
second lialfof the tenth century; other* of LlaoBadwm and Llangadwaladr ; the
rcftr them to the earlier portion of the latter, in his opinion, could not be of sD
thirteenth cootury, the days of Llewelyn early date as the former. He pranted to
ap lorwerth ; and the Rev. H. Longnevllle others of a very early date found at Pen-
Jonts, who has examined the ruins care< macbno, preserved Uuongh the exertions
fully, ciprcsses an opinion that they ate of the Prccident (Hr. C. Wynne) and hia
of an early date. The beautiful round' family. One of them bad the Greek mo-
headed doorway in the south wall may nograiD, and the following inscription :—
have been constructed in the thirteenth oiuvbttB
century, when the monastery was re-eu<
dotveil, and the buildings very probably
improved and enlarged. Whatever may
lu its eiBct date, I'enmon is one of the
moat interestine examples existinir of an ., . , ,
I I- I. ^ t. . - .7. ^.- this heap of atones, that IS, in a carncud.
early church. Tho chancel is of the fif- ,, ^ . ^ ., w
.... , . . . it was rescued hv VLr. Wynne, but was
teenth century, aud contains a water- „ , . „ . , .
,.,„., ,, ., well known to Pennant, who met with it lu
sluup and font of tho same date is the - - „ ,. . „, .. - ™
„ , . ., ,. , , going from Penmacbno to Ffestiniog. TliB
u,;ve. 3. A building, now a farm-house, ... i. j ii. r n ■ - ■
.. ,. ,i . . .,u .u ■ ■ J other stone had the following inscrip-
unitcs the south transept with the ivied ,.,__
refectory ; the lintel of its east window on
the south side is of the shaft of an exqui-
site curly British cross. 3. A large and oonsobbimo ICUIU
curious domical pigeon-house, probably ItAQIBTiAT^^
built enrly in the sixtccntb century, stands which shewed that he wM • Venedodaa
near the church, and is well worth inspect- (Qwynedd) dtiien. The last word, "Ma-
ing. A cross of grcnt beauty, removed gistrati,' was never found upon any other
from the churchyard, may be found in the stones, and it must carry them back to
upper part of 'lie Deer-park, btlonging to a very early period. It is hoped, now that
Sir It. ISuIkeley, on tho hill above the those stones are going to be placed in the
church. new chnrch at Penmschno, they will ba
At the evening meeliog, Mr. Cbarlei banded down nniinpursd fo fatare gm*-
PIDVK.
s that "Caranelus lies here ij
498
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Nov.
rations. He (the rev. gentleman) had
himself found the one represented on the
wall some few weeks ago at Spittal. It
commemorated the burial of a man and
his mother, and was very ancient. The
emblems and the Christian characters
which the stones bear formed a very im-
portant link in the history of the British
Church, and established its independent
existence, not by theory, but by facts. He
next called attention to the Irish Oghams
found upon the stones, which were the
work, no donbt, of Irishmen who came
over and marked those they met with in
this country. He hoped that some Irish
scholar would ere long come over to deci-
pher those characters, to them still a mys-
tery. The following inscription is from a
lon^, rounded water stone along the pil-
grim road going to Bardsey Island, which
Mr. Westwood thinks is of a late period,
but which he (Mr. Jones) thought was
rather early : —
MEBACIVS
PBB
HIO
lACIT.
That meant " Meracius the Presbyter lies
here." He next came to the famous Fron-
deg stone, in Anglesey, which still, he was
sorry to say, served as a gate-post, and
was certainly not safe in that position. It
bore the following inscription: vinnb-
MAGLI, FILIUS CUUHI CINI EREXIT HUNO
liAFiDEM. He alluded to another stone
from Pentrevoelas, which bore a very early
inscription, commemorative, some say, of
Prince Llewelyn; which might be, but he
thought it was much older. However,
the inscription could not be read. The rev.
gentleman concluded his very interest-
ing and instructive address by impressing
upon the minds of his audience, and espe-
cially those concerned in the restoration
of churches, the importance of preser\ing
from obliteration such ancient monuments
of the past which indicated to thrm the
early national history of the country.
The President desired Mr. Jones to ex-
plain to the meeting the object and origin
of the Irish Oghams, and to state whether
they were characters peculiar to Ireland
or not.
The Rev. Mr. Jones siudhe knew nothing
of them except what he had from ProfeMor
Graves. In a MS. preserved at Trinity
College, Dublin, it was stated that a Nor-
wegian rover cut them upon a wooden
sheath. Some said they were pre-Chria-
tian, which was denied by others. He
had not come himself to any satisfactotj
result. He also remarked that their ex-
istence went far to prove the communica-
tion which took place between the old
Welsh and Irish saints. None of the
stones bearing those characters are found
in EnglMnd. He again desired to impress
upon them the importance of preserving
such valuable relics of ancient history,
which were generally to be found in
churches, at the south-east angle of the
chancel, the lintel or the threshold of a
door.
Mr. Wynne (M.P. for Merioneth) offered
some additional observations upon the in-
cised stones in the county where he re-
sided.
The Rev. H. Longtieville Jones said that
through the kindness of the Master of the
Rolls a portion of the building acoonnts
appertaining to Beaumaris Castle had been
forwarded to them.
The meeting then terminated.
Wednesday.
A visit was made to the chief primeval
antiquities of Anglesey, which were de-
scribed by Mr. G. T. Clark at the evening
meeting. He commenced his account by
describing the sepulchral chamber at a
place knov\n and called in the map as
"Ogof,'' which he supposed meant a
cave. There was an extremely cnrions
cromlech here, supposed to have been
placed under a mound, of which they had
a complete evidence before them. With
respect to the details of it» he thought
that it was of the utmost importance that
a plan or a survey of the stones should be
carefully made. It appears that the
owner of the site, when the mound was
taken away, enclosed it, and planted trees
in the centre, which was now so overgrown
with braiiibU s, that it was with consider-
able difficulty they g^t at it. He recom-
mended to the owner a better mode of
I860.]
Cambrian Archcsological Association.
499
preserving that interesting spot in future.
They next came to Portliamel, Forth
meiming a porch, entrance, or a strait —
A'inel suppot^ed by some (he did not pre-
tend to know himself) to be an abbre-
viation of " iEmilia " It was evidently
a place of defence, and the site shewed
the dwellings of the renowned and ancient
heroes of the country. From there they
came to Brvnybeddau, which he was told
meant a hill or a ridge of graves; and
here he wished to direct their attention
to the superiority of the Celtic topogra-
phical nomenclatMre over that of any other
nation. He found that the Welsh names
of places almost invariably described ac-
tions, whilst in England those sort of
names were very rare, and that distinc*
tion was a very important one. Then
they came to Castell Idris, which was
a half-round camp formed by a kind of
a natural precipice, the earthworks of
which were very curious. "Idris" wai
doubtless a name of a departed hero
lost from the annals of the country. But
they had "Cader Idris," in Merioneth-
shire, and he might here observe that there
was nothing more effectual to preserve
the names of their worthies for future
ages than to carve them upon the moun-
tains or connect them with the rivers.
Llanidan Church he declared to be m
a very discreditable state. There was au
old font within it which ought not to be
rolling about in the manner they had found
it, and he thought that by an outlay of
a few pounds the interior would be much
improved. There was besidt-s the font
a very curious saint ; who that per-
sonage was ought to be the subject of
future research. Having visited Hirgad
and Caerleb, a Roman camp of an oblong
figure, with a pretorium in the middle,
they next came to ** Cytiru'r Gwyddelod,"
which appeared to be a collection of Celtic
huts, and upon which his friend Mr.
Morgan might be able to throw much
light; also to a cromlech, or rather a
chamber where there was no mound. They
paid a visit afterwards to the incised stoue
at Frohdeg, which had been so ably al-
luded to by Mr. Longuiville Jones on the
previous evening, and he corroborated the
statement made by the reverend gentle-
man that the stone was in a very danger-
ous position indeed ; it should be imme-
diately replaced. Mr. Clark again re-
curred to the church spoken of, and al-
luded to its register, written in Latin in
1666, which he hoped would be carefully
preserved; and remarked that that was
a fine opportunity for the Bishop of Ban-
gor to evince the same careful watch over
the registry of his diocese as he did over
that of his own parish when Rector of
Merthyr Tydfil. At Plas-Newydd they
inspected the tumulus and cromlech, where
important discoveries might be made if a
miner was employed to open the cells there
and see where the passage leads to. Mr.
Clark proceeded to shew how cromlechs
could be placed, and insure so perfect
a level in such a position, which he cUd by
an illustration of the means adopted in
India for fixing huge monumental struc-
tures there, and concluded his interesting
address with a description of two other
(not very large) cromlechs near to the
house of Plas-Newydd, where some traces
of a mound were seen.
* W. W. E. Wynne, Esq., M.P., (Merio-
neth,) spoke of the exploration carried on
under his superintendence (by the kind
permission of Lady Willoughby de Broke,
who placed some labourers at his service,)
when at Plas-Newydd some two years ago.
Having got as fur as the chamber, .they
came to a very large stone, which evi-
dently went beyond the wall at the end of
the chamber. Under that no doubt a
cromlech would hive been foond; but bis
time being short, the exploration was
abandoned. The hon. gentleman then
alluded to the cromlechs which were to be
seen in the Hundred of Ardadwy, in his
own county, and to a very remarkable
figure on the top of one stone in Dyffryn,
a rubbing of which he shewed to a gentle-
man who had considerable experience in
that kind of stones in the Channel
Islands, and to another competent autho-
rity in his own county. One thought il
was artificial ; another that it was natural.
It was worthy of note that the cap-stones
of the cromlechs in Merionethshire were
larger than those in Anglesey. He then
500
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nov'.
de8cri^>ed the Hcngwrt Carneddna; and
concluded his observations by a description
of a thin concentric shield in his possession,
found at a place called Gwerneinion.
The Rev. E. L. Barnwell closed the pro-
ceedings of the evening by reading a paper,
of the time of James I., on the Manners
and Customs of Anglesey.
Thttbsdat.
An excursion was made to Bangor, when
Mr. Kennedy led the way over the cathe-
dral, and pointed out alike its archi-
tectural details and the events of its
hibtory t —
" The cathedral church is dedicated to
St Daniel, by whom it was first founded,
about the year 525. He was elected the
first bishop about 550, (but according to
Usher, 522,) and was the son of Dunawd
Fyr, or Dinothus, abbot of Bangor Tscoyd,
in the reign of Maelgwyn Gwynedd, Prince
of Wales, who was the founder of Penraon
and patron of Taliesin. He is said to have
bt-en the most liberal prince of his time.
Tlie cathedral was destroyed in 1071, by
tlie Saxons, but was rebuilt by King John
in 1212. It suflfered greatly, as did the
cathidral church of St. Asaph, in the wars
l>etween Henry III. and the Welsh about
1247. During the rebellion of Owen
Glyndwr the cathedral was destroyed by
fi -e, A D. 1402, and rebuilt in 1492 by
Bishop Dermis, or Dennis, temp. Henry
VII. The tower and nave of the cathe-
dral was added by Bishop Skeffington in
1532. On the west wall of the tower
is the following inscription: — Thomas
Skepfinoton Episcopus Bangorienses,
hoc campanilt! et hakc eccle8iah
fieri pecit anno partus vtroinis,
Mccccc XXXII. The tower was designed
to have betm carried up to double its pre-
sent height, as appears by tlie thickness
of the wall, but on Bishop Skeffiugton's
di^ath, his executors innne(iiately roofed it
in at its then height, thus depriving the
edifice of its intended and due proportions.
In this tower were hung five tuneable
bells, which were all cast at the expense
of Bishop Lloyd. The heaviest and largest
of the five was c^ist the last, and placed
with the other four; it weighed about
15 cwt., and had the following inscrip-
tion:— *In honorem D. O. M. Humphredus
Lloyd, Episcopus Bangor, dat dicat dcdi-
cat 1687.* On the other four was this : —
*ilumphre<lus Lloyd, Episcopus Bangor,
rei)aravit 1687.' To which words were
added on the treble: — 'Thomas Roberts
of Salop, cast these five.* These bells wct#
sold by Bishop Bulkeley. Owen Gwynedd,
a valiant Prince of Wales, was buried here
beneath a plain arch in the south transept.
Bishop Skeffington's heart was also de*
posited here in 1533; but his body was
interred at Beaulieu, of which monastery
he had been abbot. The interior of the
edifice was fitted up in the time of the
Very Rev. Dean Warren, assisted by the
vicars, A.D. 1824, one of whom, the pre-
sent venerable Dean, afforded very mate-
rial assistance in procuring the necessary
funds. In connection with this work, the
stained glass (by Evans of Shrewsbury)
which now fills the east window was put
up, the expense of which was defrayed
at the request of Dean Cotton out of sub-
scriptions collected to present him with
a testimonial on his preferment to the
deanery. In the year 1858 the works of
the new oak roof over the choir or chancel
were completed under the direction of
Mr. H. Kennedy, architect, of Bangor, the
timber being found to have entirely de-
cayed. About the same period the mag-
nificent altar cloth, the two carved oak
chairs, and other internal furniture, were
presented by the la'.e excellent Bishop
Bethel. We are told it is intended to
carve the square stone corbels supporting
this roof, when funds can be obtained for
the purpose. The organ was the gift of
Dr. Thomas Lloyd. Besides the cathedral
church, there was formerly an ancient
parish church, which stood behind the
bishop's palace, about 400 yards north-
east of the cathedral It was built by
King Edgar in 975, and was called Llan-
fair Edgar Frenhin. It was taken down
by Bishop Dermis, or Dennis, in the time
of Henry VII., and with the materials
a portion of the cathedral was repaired.
The ground-plan of the cathedral chnrch
is cruciform, and comprises the following :
— a nave, 138 ft. long and 25 ft. wide h^
tween the inside of the arcades, which are
8 ft. thick and 34 it. high,— extending to
the transept, 110 ft. long and 15 ft. wide;
the north and south widls are 4 ft. thick
and 20 fb. high; north and soath transepts^
each 84 ft. long, 25 fb. wide, and 84 ft.
high. The chcnr, or chanod, is 55 ft.
long, 27 ft. wide, and 84 fu high, the
walls being 3 ft. 6 in. thick. The tower
at the west end is 18 ft. square^ and 61 ft.
high. The pinnacles are 7 ft. 6 in. hi«rh.
The style of architecture may be divided
into five periods : —
** 1st. The two buttresses and the cap
of a third pkced in the centie of the
south gable end of the sonth transepte
may be said to be of the Fint Pointed^
18600
Cambrian Archcsological Association.
501
or Early English style; perhaps late in
tbis style.
" 2nd. The north and south doorways in
the aisles of the nave, the western arch
opening into the tower, the jambs of the
north and sonth windows in the transepts
up to the springing of the arches, and part
of a pier at the eastern extremity of the
south aisle of the nave, which are of
Second Pointed, or Decorated character in
style.
"3rd. The windows in the north and
south aisles, which are said to have been
brought from the ancient parish church
by Bishop Dermis, wh»ch are also of the
Second Pointed, or Decorated style. The
tracery of these windows has been pre-
served on the south side, all but in one
window, while in the north side only one
has escaped mutilation.
" 4th. The large east window and the
font are good Third Pointed, or Perpen-
dicular, of the period of Henry VII., and
Bishop Dermis, or Dennis* work.
" 5th. The work of Bishop Skeffington,
namely, the tower, nave, north and south
aisles, &o., is of inferior design.
" The most interesting monuments are
those of Oa'cu Gwynedd and of the
several bishc ps of Bangor.'
n
The party then proceeded to Plaa Alcock,
called the Archdeacon's House, and referred
to in Shakespeare, the noticeable features
of which were the chimney stack and the
stone over the fireplace, now covered with
paper. The little Gothic doorway on the
opposite side is said to have formed part
of the Archdeacon's establishment.
The visitors next examined some ruing
called the old chapel; two good Perpen-
dicular windows exist there. They then
visited Peiirhyn Castle, the mansion of the
Hon. CoL E. G. Douglas Pennant, M.P.,
which occupies a commanding elevation,
the supposed site of the ancient palace of
Koderic Molwynog, Prince of Wales. Af-
ter inspecting the brilliant suite of apart-
ments, and partaking of luncheon, the
party proceeded to Llandegai Church,
which is dedicated to St. Tegai, and con-
tains some effigies from Llanfaes Priory,
and a mural monument, in memory of
John Williams, Lord Keeper of the Great
Seal in the reign of James I., and Arch-
bishop of York in that of Charles I. He
is represented in episcopal robes, kneel-
ing at an altar. Thence they proceeded
Geht. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
to an old house called Cochwillan, the
birthplace of Archbishop Williams. The
old hall, the remains of a large pile, is
evidently of the fifteenth century, and one
of the finest specimens, if there are any
to compete, in North Wales, It is nearly
in its original state, and the fireplace still
remains. The kitchen and offices proba-
bly fisrmed a kind of square, but none of
these now remain.
At the evening meeting, James Davies,
Esq., of Hereford, read a paper on " Paro-
chial Churches in Herefordshire dedicated
to Cambro-British Saints," which was fol-
lowed by the reading of a paper by the
Kev. E. L. Barnwell, written by Mons. R.
F. LeMen, upon "Early Breton Anti-
quities."
On Friday a select party started from
Bangor to examine the stone dreles, and
ascend the summit of Penmaenmawr. The
name Penmaenmawr signifies the head
or end of the great stone or rock, — a vast^
naked, gloomy rock, presenting towards
the sea a rugged and almost perpendicular
front, its height above sea-level being
1,545 feet. On the summit stands Braich-
y-Ddinas, (or Dinas Penmaen,) a British
fortified post of extraordinary strength,
and of extent suffident to afford shelter to
20,000 men. Within the innermost en-
dosure is a well, with an unfailing supply
of pure fresh water. This is deemed the
strongest post possessed by the Britons in
the district of Snowdon; it was, indeed,
impregnable. About a mile from Braieh-
y-Ddinas is T Meini Hirion, one of the
most remarkable relics of Druidical timet.
It is a circle, eighty feet in diameter, con-
sisting of ten erect stones, endosed by
a stone wall ; and there are, besides, seve-
ral smaller circles, one of which surrounds
the remains of a cromlech. This tract has
certainly, at some period, been much in-
habited, for in all directions may be dis-
cerned the remains of small rude buildings
in great numbers. Tradition says that
a sang^nary battle was fought here be-
tween the Homans and Britons, and that
the cairns were raised over the bodies of
the Britons who were slain.
The morning of Saturday was demoted
to a final meeting, at whidi it was an<*
nounced that the Sodety would assemble
at Swansea next year.
30
502
Antiquarian and literary Intelligencer,
[Not.
SOMERSETSHIRE ARCH^OLOGICAL AND NATURAL
HISTORY SOCIETY.
Sept, 24. This Society commenced its
twelfth annual meeting at Clevedon, in the
Public Hall, the museum being arranged
in a smaller room below, occupied as the
offices of the Board of Health, and which
was well stored with articles of antiquarian
interest.
Among the gentlemen who, in the course
of the day, attended, were the Right. Hon.
Lord Talbot do Malahidc; Sir A.H. Elton,
Bart. ; Hon. P. P. Bouverie ; R. Neville
(Qrenville, Esq. ; F. H. Dickenson, Esq. ;
W. E. Surtcea, Esq.; R. A. Kinglake,
Esq. ; R. K. M. King, Esq. ; Colonel Pin-
ney, M.P. ; W. F. Pinney, Esq.; P. Bou-
verie, Esq. ; T. P. Porch, Esq. ; G, S. Poole,
Esq. ; J. H. Parker, Esq.; E. A. Freeman,
Esq.; W. F. Elliot, Esq.; R. Badcock,
Esq. ; Rev. T. Hugo, M.A., F.S.A. ; R( v. F.
Warre; Rev. T. Bliss; Rev. W. Braiken-
ridge ; Rev. F. Browne ; Rev. H. J. Bar-
nard ; Dr. Pope ; Dr. Falconer ; Dr. Wooil-
forde ; Dr. Metford ; Dr. Kelly ; Dr. King ;
W. J. Braikenridge, Esq. ; John Batten,
Esq.; W. W. Monckton, Esq.; Messrs.
Samuel J. Brown, (London,) Lloyd, May-
hew, A. A. Clarke, Parfitt, (curator,) &c.
A committee meeting was held in the
morning, at wliich it was decided to hold
the next meeting at Langport, and that
the President for the year (R. Neville
Grenville, Esq.) should continue in office
till its close.
The annual general meeting was held at
twelve o'clock. Mr. Neville Gkejtvilb
having taken his seat as Chairman, said,
that in opening the 12th meeting of that
prosperous Society, ho had to thank them
very sincerely for the honour they had
done him in placing him in the chair on
that occasion. When he looked down the
list of his predecessors, and when ho
looked at the list of members over whom
he had to preside, he could not help
thinking that they had descended inter
minora Hdera to find a President. The
report, he was glad to find, was of a most
satisfactory nature. Of course the Society
wanted money; every society that he
ever heard of did. He was glad to see
some gleams of hope of that great deside-
ratum being realized, which had occupied
the attention of the Society for so many
years, and been so often mentioned by
different Presidents and in different re-
ports,— the obtaining materials for a
county history worthy of Somerset. For
his own part, he had a strong notion that
the proper person to edit that very desi-
rable history existed, bnt bad not yet
come forward. All the Society could do
was to assist in furnishing materials, for
which, if they would put their shoulders
to the wheel, they would have many op-
portunities. He trusted that, as Hotch-
ings's " Dorsetshire" was being brought
forward in an improved and valuable form,
so Collinsou's " Somersetshire" would be
brought out in a g^reatly improved and
much more valuable form. In order to
assist in obtaining a history, it was most
important that any accounts of old fami-
lies in the county with heraldic devices
should be sent to the museum at Taunton,
for nothing was more interesting than the
history of the people who lived in thnso
venerable houses of which Mr. Parker
would give a description. He (Mr. Parker)
could tell nearly everything about the
designs, conceits, and wishes of the archi-
tects and builders of those ancient houses ;
but when he came to the interior, there
he stopped, and could say but little more.
They knew, from the habit of going over
those magnificent houses which were pre-
serve<l throughout the land, how much in-
terested they were in the persons who
lived in them. Very little was known
about the old families of the oountj ; and
it had often struck him that Somerset
was a sort of standing evidence of the
vanity of those who «* think that tbdr
houses shall endure for ever, thai their
dominions shall continue from generation
to generation, and call their lands after
their own names." Where wero the Rod-
neys, of Rodney Stoke ? where were the
Lytcs, of Lytes Cary? where were the
I860.] Somersetshire Archaol and Nat, Hist. Society,
503
Fitzpaines, of Cary Fitzpaine? And
where, he must also ask, were the Ralphs,
of Brompton Ralph, and the Nevilles, of
Fifehead Neville ? Bat while he paused
for the unsatisfactory though sentimental
answer which echo was supposed to give,
he was reminded of a stanza of Byron's :-^
"Wbere'sBrummeU? Dished.
Wbere*8 Long Pole Wellesley! Diddled.
Where's Wbitbread, Bomilly.! Where's George
the Third!"
Still, though so many fEunilies were swept
from the face of the earth, there were a
fetv men of the coonty who ooold give a
good account not only of themselves, but
of their ancestors. The Warres of Hes-
tercombe must have been men of valour
and renown, and their descendant had
earned for himself no little distinction.
He was the Garibaldi of their excursions,
and, as he (the Chairman) trusted, would
take the present excursionists safely into
the heart of the country, and, without
shedding any blood in the conflict, lead
them into every stronghold of antiquarian
interest. His (Mr. Warre's) colleague,
Mr. Elliot, had kindly lent his magpiificent
illustrations of Somerset, whidi went a
g^reat way to promote a good county his-
tory, for when people saw views of the
places and relics that existed, it made
them inclined to hear something about
them. He could not help reminding
the company that there existed in the
town an interesting link which joined the
middle ages with the present, for the
church contained the honoured ashes of
the venerable Hallam. In conclusion, he
could only reg^t, as they had elected Jiim
their President, that he could not do
as the President did last year, bat» iUe
terrarum mUU prater omnes anguUu
videt, that was, as some persons would
explain it, his "ancestral halls," — or, as
others would say, his "humble home,"—
Butleigh, was not within reach of the
excursionists; otherwise it would have
given him great pleasure to have followed
the example of his worthy predecessor, to
have given them a sight of all that was
interestiog and all that was old there, not
omitting to ask them to discuss a Joint
or two of the oldest of old mntton^ snd
to broach a cask, nata meeum eontule
Manlio,
The Rev. F. Warre then read the An-
nual Report.
The Rev. T. Hugo, MJk., F.S.A., read
a paper on '^Mynchyn Buckland Pnarf
and Preceptoiy," ftom which we make
the following extracts : —
<«i
The Priory and P^eceptory of Buck-
land, Mynchyn BucklandC or Buckland
SoKMTum, was one of the Commanderies of
the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and it
was both a Priory and a Preoeptory. Thd
latter was a normal example of a Homi-
tallers' Commandery ; the former was uie
sole instance in the kingdom of its peca-
liar dass. It was a community of women,
and the only one that the Order pos-
sessed. As such its history presents us
not only with a sul^jeet of the greatest
local interest, but with an unique chapter
in monastic annals at large— one of which
no other county save Somersetshire can
furnbh an example."
After some remarks on the founda-
tion and internal economy of the Order,
Mr. Hugo gave a history of the Prioiy,
from which it appeared that it wag
founded about the year 1167, by Wil-
liam de Erlegh, lord of the manor of
Durston, for a community of Augustine
Canons. A number of years afterwards
these Canons were removed fhmi their
monastery and a sentence of ontlawij
passed against them. The house wa^
given by Henry the Second to Gamer of
Nsples, the Prior of the Hosjatal of St.
John of Jerusalem in England. It was
not a simple transfer, but a very impor-
tant stipiUation was introduced Into thsf
grant and directed to be folly and fkith-
Ihlly observed. It appeared that there
were a few nsters bd»nginff (o the Order,
who rended at several olf the Commande-
ries, Hamptone near Kyngestone^ Kere-.
broke, Swynfelde» end omet places. It
was ordered and agreed to that these
ladies should be removed from their
various places of residence^ and be i^aoed
in one common and oonventnal home a^
Bncland% and that the Order should have
no msterhood bekmsing to it in Sngland,i
save and except in this house alone. This
occurred about the year 1180, or frooa'
ten to fifteen years after the original
fbundaUon. After tracing the history of
the Priory down to the time of its msso-
lution, in 1544 and 1646^ the rev. gentle*
man said : — ^"Various remains of an older
structure are built into the present hrm
boilings; bat none that I notioed dnring
601
Antiquarian and lAlerary IntelHffeneer.
[Not.
a carefol examination are older than the
»ixteenth century, and accordingly may
never have formed portions of the monas-
tic edifices. There is, however, one soli-
tary memorial of a very touching charao-
ter, with a description of which my his-
tory shall conclude. A very heantiful
Lomhurdic cross occupied the centre, and
on either side I read the inscription,
almost as sharply defined as when first
engraved upon the hard surface, ssoB
▲LIBNOR DE AOTYlfS OIT ICY DBL AIMS
SIT MEBCi AMEN. The letters are re-
markably fiue, and the whole is of a truly
artistic character. This, however, we
may consider its least interesting pecu-
liarity. It is eloquent of something higher
than even Christian art, how noble and
beautiful soever. Who Sister Alienor of
Actune was, is now, I fear, beyond the
power of the genealogist to discover for us
and declare. But this ancient gravestone,
disinterred from its long night of centuries,
has once more made the world acquainted
with her name, and will now, through her
unworthy remembrancer, do so to a far
wider extent than it ever published it
before. It is a silent and yet speaking
witness of one who ' did what she could'
in her ancient day; who, perhaps amid
much to discourage and distress her,
laboured and fainted not in her high
resolve, and at length, when human toils
were over, entered into that rest for
which, it cannot be too much to imagine,
her life in this sacred home very eminently
tended to prepare her."
Mr. Parker then delivered an address on
the Domestic Architecture of the Middle
Ages, which will be given in exienso in
our next Number.
The ExcimsioN.
Soon after two o'clock, a large excursion-
party started to visit some of the places
of interest in the neighbourhood. The
Rev. T. Bliss, of Clcvedon, acted, on this
and the succeeding days, as conductor,
Mr. Parker undertook to give descriptions
of the houses, manorial or monastic, that
were visited, and Mr. Freeman of the
churches. The explanation of camps and
earthworks fell to that indefatigable ex-
plorer of those ancient remains, the Rev.
F. Warre.
The party first halted at Clevedon
Court, the residence of Sir A. H. Elton,
Bart., and Mr. Parker gave a description
of the house.
On a high eminence, oommanding •
most extensive and beautiful panorama of
land and sea, is situated Cadbury oamp.
This encampment was considered by the
Rev. F. Warre to be one of tbe most per-
fect though simple spedmens remaining
of the Belgic kind of British earthworks.
Without entering on tbe question whether
or not there were any people in this ooun-
try earlier than tbe Celtic oocnpatiooy
though probably there were^ it was known
that the southern part of the island was
occupied by a tribe called the Loegri, who
were cognate with tbe Cymri of Wales.
About three hundred years before Christ
there came Qaledin (BdgsB) horn "the
land of waters," supposed to be the mo«tb
of the Elbe. They came in naked ships,
probably boats without sails» and landed
first in the Isle of Wight^ where they were
received with great hospitality ; but they
repaid the kindness by overrunning a great
part of the country, their frontier extend-
ing from the mouth of the Parrett to that
of the Axe. Therefore there were two
distinct races occupying the eonntry at an
early date, if not three. There was •
marked difierence in the camps; in some
there was a threefold arrangement of
earthworks, of which the innermost was
the most strongly fortified. Theee^ he
oonsideredy were aboriginal encampments,
of which Worle-hiU was an example, while
the present was a Belgic one. He wee
confirmed in this idea by the feet that oo
the first range of high ground on the
other side of the Parrett and Axe^ there
was a series of works» every one of whiob
was of tbe primeval type. Nor did it mili-
tate against it, that Worle-hiU and Dol-
berry-hill were within the oonquered terri-
tory, for probably the Belgn, like oibcsr in-
vading forces^ would use what came to Qmw
hand. Mr. Warre expressed regret at bar-
ing heard that it was contemplated to de-
stroy the earthworks at Worie bj making
a road over the hill, and said thai if the
object was to increase the valne of the
property, the Society could not interfefei
but if it was a mere fimpy, be treated it
would not be carried oat. He believed
that the encampnient on Worie-hiU
one of the oldsst ka fiofope^ aad bad
I860.] Somersetshire ArcluBoL and Nat. Hist, Society.
505
son to think it was earlier than that at
Dolberry. He then pointed out marks of
a trackway, on each side of which were
hut circles. This trackway, he explained,
led to a village without the works, and
which prohahly arode there in a similar
way to those that had i^rung up in the
neighbourhood of castles.
The church and manor-house at Tick-
euham were then visited. The buildings
form a highly picturesque group. The
square-headed windows, and ancient effi*
gies of a knight and lady in the church,
attracted the chief attention. The manor-
house was attributed to the fitleenth cen-
tury.
The excursionists then returned, and
reached Clevedon at about six o'clock,
where dinner was provided at the Royal
Hotel. In consequence of the lateness of
the hour there were no formal toasts pro-
posed.
The Evening Meeting.
A meeting was held at half -past seven
at the Public Hall, when, after a few re-
marks from the President, an account of
the excursion was rendered by Mr. Free-
man.
Lord Talbot de Malahide desired infor-
mation in regard to the flint knives, called
cave knives, exhibited in the Museum to-
day. Were they found in the same caves
with the remains of the extinct animals,
and could there be any idea given as to
the date of both ?
The Kev. F. Warre said that these
knives were found mixed among the rub-
ble of the hut circles on Worle-hill. He
had found similar ones on the Quantock
hills. At the suggestion of Mr. Dickenson,
Mr. Warre gave an account of the remains
he had found in the hut circles. There
were at the top six to eight inches of sur-
face mould, after which he came to rubble
from the hill, then to skeletons, bearing
marks of extreme violence, and apparently
of two different races, — one a gigantic
race, with skull presenting the most un-
civilized appearance, the other smaller and
more advanced. With them were found
iron weapons. Under those skeletons and
weapons was another deposit, from fonr to
to six feet, then a layer of black earth,
with burnt sticks, and little stores of gnin
of different kinds^ curious glass beads, and
fragments of an exceedingly early period.
He conceived that the burnt remains were
to be attributed to the time of Ostorius,
who probably destroyed the place, but did
not occupy it. A deposit of rubble then
took place, and when Ceaulin overran the
country, a fierce conflict most probably
took place, in which the Britons were de-
feated, and some of the killed were left in
the places where he had found the skele*
tons. He had also found the bones of
animals now extinct.
The Rev. F. Browne enquired whether
Mr. Warre thought the flint knives were
of the same date as the extinct animab ?
The Rev. F. Warre said he thought
they were not. He had no doubt they
were used by the early inhabitants of the
country, but he had seen so much of the
power of water in carrying things down
from the surface by drift, that he was in-
clined to think they were washed down iu
that way.
Lord Talbot de MaUhide said he had
a very curious flint knife in his possession
which was found in the bed of a river in
Ireland, and there was a piece of moss
wrapped around it as a handle. It wa«
remarkable that it should have been so
perfectly preserved, but he saw no reason
to suppose it was of so early a date as had
been ascribed to these implements. He
had two flint arrow-heads which were
found on the field of Marathon, and were
probably used on the side of the Persians
at the battle of Marathon.
In the course of some further conver-
sation, the Rev. F. Warre expressed the
opinion that the fortifications at Worle
were probably constructed with the aid of
Phcenician engineers, and remarked that
the works surrounding the dty of Car-
thage were on a precisely similar plan.
He did not suppose that the flint knives
belonged to the people resident in the
camp, for he found them mixed up with
the earth, and not with the other remains
in the huts. Probably they belonged to
a ruder race.
Extracts were then read from a paper
506
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer »
[Not.
by the Rev. H. M. Scarth, on the sub-
ject of ancient sculptured stones, parti-
cularly those recorded to have stood in
the cemetery of the Abbey at Glastonbury.
The paper soggest^ the desirability of
bringing together all the engravings of
sculptured stones that had been published,
and issuing them in a well edited volume.
Mr. Dickenson suggested that this paper
should be referred to Dr. Guest, or some
other gentleman who was an authority on
the subject. He should like to see it pub-
lished with a copious commentary.
The Kev. F. Warre said he would write
to Mr. Scarth, and request his permission
to adopt that course.
Tfesdat.
In accordance with the custom adopted
by the Society, Tuesday was devoted to
an excursion. A large party started at
ten o'clock. The road lay through a very
beautiful country, with charming green
lanes, in many places overshadowed with
trees. The villnge of Walton -in-Gordano
was the first at which the cavalcade pulled
up. Walton Castle was pronounced by
Mr. Parker to be a house of the time of
James I. or Chnrlcs I., built in the me-
diaeval style. The ruins of the old chnrch
are of the period of Richard II. The font
was removed from it to the new edifice,
which also has the old porch rc-erected.
Not far distant is Weston-in-Gordano,
where the Rev. W. Hautenville read an
account of the Percival family, by whom
the church was founded. The Rev. F.
I^rowiic also gave some particulars of se-
veral of the more distinguished members
of the same family. This church has been
very beautifully restored. Mr. Freeman
expressed great delight at the manner in
which the work has beeu carried out.
Usually, he said, when a church was re-
stored, it was meant that it was pulled
down, but here it had been repaired with-
out destroying one ancient feature. The
church contains a monument to the Per-
civals, which Mr. Freeman said was the
latest instance he knew of a French in-
scription on a monument in England, the
date being 1483. The Rev. F. Warre re-
marked that at Hiuton St. George there
was a monument to Sir Amias Panlett^
which was a century later, and had an
inscription in French. A curious gallery
over the doorway in the porch waa the
subject of much speculation. Above it
was a niche, and a passage made in the
wall led to it. Mr. Freeman thooght that
the niche was probably formerly oocapied
by some saint held in local veneration, and
the gallery was placed there to accommo-
date worshippers. Mr. Fkrker thought
this scarcely likely, as in such cases there
was usually a passage both ways, so that
persons might go up one side and oome
down the other. Remains of a similar
gallery in the porch were afterwardi
found in other churches, and it was con-
sidered a local custom ; according to the
tradition of the county, it was used fbr
singing or chanting a part of the ser-
vice on certain occasions, as at weddings.
Such a gallery is quite distinct from
the usual room over the porch, erro-
neously called the parvise. Weston once
had a manor-house, but it has entirely
disappeared. The remains of an old build-
ing still in existence were pronounced by
Mr. Parker to be part of a bam of the
fifteenth century.
At Portishead also the church has un-
dergone renovation. The Perpendicalar
tower was the chief object of attention,
and the east window was pointed out at
a good example of the transition from the
flowing to the geometric style. Mr. Free-
man said he should place the tower very
high, if it had any "growth" in its ar-
rangement. The stages ought to increase
in elegance and richness, from a plain and
solid lower story, to a light and rich belfry
story. The tower that people admired
most, that of St. Mary's at Taunton, he
(Mr. Freeman) placed very low down, for
it had a series of stages all equally rich,
and any one of which might be taken
away without destroying the design. Thia
tower had a fault of a very dmHar kind.
The manor-house at Portishead waa de-
scribed by Mr. Parker as bdng of the
dat^ of Henry VIII., with a turret in the
Elizabethan fashion, — a very good eiampla
of the period.
Portbury Church fbrmed the ntit
I860.] Somersetshire Archtsol. and Nat. Hist. Society.
507
in the programme. The churchyard con-
tains two nohle yew-trees, said to be as old
as the edifice itself. At the foot of one of
them, a former parish officer has im-
mortalised himself by the inscription,
" Francis Bevan, Churchwam, 1733." The
church contains memorials of the Berkeley
family, by whom it was built, and was
suid to have some points of resemblance
to the church at Berkeley. Its chief
characteristic is its great width, and a sin-
gular appearance is caused by the chancel-
arch having in some of the alterations
been thrown askew. The foundations and
the lower part of the walls are Norman.
It has a Norman doorway, and several win-
dows of the Decorated style. The beautiful
sedilia of the thirteenth century were much
admired. The Priory at Portbury is a mere
ruin, consisting of four bare walls. Mr.
Parker conceived the part remaining to
have been the prior's house, but whether
there were any extensive buildings beside
it was impossible to say. The date was
that of Henry VII. The Rev. T. Hugo
said the house was one of St. John of Je-
rusalem, and was only required to accom-
modate two or three monks. Portbury
camp was then examined. The Rev. F.
Warre pointed out the entrance to it,
between two circular earthworks, from
which a path appeared to have led to the
top of the hill, which is surrounded by
an earthwork. The rev. gentleman consi-
dered it to be intended merely for the
protection of cattle. In a marshy district,
where the land was sometimes overflowed,
it was necessary to have places where the
flocks might be driven, and the fortifica-
tions were just such as to prevent the
herds and herdsmen from sudden attack.
The largest work of this kind he had seen
was Brent Knoll.
lliere is an exceedingly picturesque and
interesting church at Clapton. The piers
are Perpendicular, with foliated capitals, —
a circumstance which led Mr. Freeman to
remark that he saw no reason why modem
architects should not, with the grand out-
line of the Somerset Perpendicular, adopt
also the ornament of the foliated capital.
The church has a quaint-looking monu-
ment of the Arthur family, the inscription
on which is singular, from the omission of
the surname : — " Here layeth the body of
Kdmund, son of Henry, Elsq., who departed
this life November ye 25, anno 1672."
The bench-ends were considered to be
of the thirteenth century, and Mr. Parker
characterised them as some of the earliest
in England. These bench-ends it was
proposed to remove, in a contemplated
restoration ; but from the strong opinion
expressed on the subject, it is to be hoped
that the visit of the Society will be the
means of their preservatiou. On visiting
Clapton Manor-house, the excursionists
were not a little surprised to find a beau-
tiful screen — one of the most remarkable,
Mr. Parker said, in the county— left ex-
posed to the weather. It is fixed in a sort
of sham door-way, but does not open, and
answers no purpose whatever. The screen
was formerly placed between the hall and
the servants' offices. It is beautifully
carved, and probably of the time of Ed-
ward I. or II. The front of the man-
sion has the arms of the Arthurs and
Berkeleys impaled over the entrance,
which gives the date of 1442, but the in-
terior is thoroughly modernized. There is
also a gate-house, of the time of James I.
After leaving this place the party re-
turned to Clevedon, where a cold collation
awaited them at the Royal Hotel.
A public meeting was held in the even*
ing, at which Mr. Dickenson, Mr. Free-
man, Mr. Parker, and the Rev. P. Warre,
severally g^ve an account of the proceed-
ings of the day. Mr. Freeman mentioned
that at Walton the clergyman had placed
a notice in the church to the effiict that
the initials "I. H. S." meant "Je^us the
Saviour of Men," (Jesua HonUnitm Sal*
vator). This was a mistake ; the letters
should be " I. H. C," and were a contrac-
tion of the Greek name "Jesus." The
Greeks sometimes changed their 8 into C,
The Rev. F. Browne gave some me-
morials of the fiunily of Gorges, and an
outline of the history of Nailsea Court.
This court was once occupied by the no-
torious Major Wade, who took an active
part in the Monmouth rebellion, and
proved a false friend to his associates.
Capt. Rogers, a relative of this M"iar
608
Antiqtutrian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nor.
Wade, captured a Spanish vessel contain-
ing 500 bales of Pope's bulls, each bale
containing sixteen reams, intended for
South America. The same person brought
Alexander Selkirk from Juan Fernandez.
The rev. gentleman read some very cu-
rious extracts from the Nailsea vestry-
books. One was in 1792, and related to
a payment by the minister " to the viper
woman for making a child on John
Lovell, at a guinea a-week." This entry
was long a source of difficulty to him;
but in 1852 he found it stated in " Notes
and Queries" that Pliny, Oalen, and other
ancients attached medicinal properties to
the flesh of vipers. In Madame de
Sevign^'s letters there occurred an order
for ten dozen vipers, two to be taken each
day. He supposed that the woman had
made viper-broth, and given it to Lovell's
child. In 1715 there was entered Is. for
leather for the bell, and the head of an
" oter ;" but in another place the church-
wardens spelt it " the head of an author."
The same year there was an entry, " Paid
Dr. Lovell for a whip for the church, 2d,**
** Paid Dr. Lovell for whipping dogs at
church, 31 weeks 1*. 9<i." It puzzled
him to think who this unfortunate medical
man could be that whs paid la. 9d. for
whipping dogs 31 weeks; but on the
next page he found — ** Paid Dr. Lovell
for mending Catherine Poole's shoes, 2d.*'
The last entry was perhaps the most un-
fortunate, as it was for whipping the
vagrants, — "Paid John Tucker for en-
tertaining those that looked after two
vagrants till they could be whipped,
3*. 2d.*'
Mr. Freeman remarked that viper-
broth was in use within his remembrance,
and that the office of dog-whipper was an
ancient one in cathedrals.
Mr. Dickenson enquired of Lord Talbot
de Malahide whether it was correct that
an Act of Parliament had been passed in
reference to treasure trove.
Lord Talbot de Malahide said that he
bad a bill prepared and laid upon tlie
table of the House of Lords; but he
found the difficulties were so great that
there was no prospect of its passing. Some
of the difficulties were technical, and were
7
of a very ridicoloos kird, but it appeared
that, in order to a bill being passed, it
must originate in the House of Commons.
The Society of Antiquaries in Scotland
had prevailed on the Government to offiT
to pay the full value for all articles ot the
kind found in that country ; and he (Lord
Talbot) memorialized the Treasury to
adopt a similar practice in England and
Ireland. He had information to shew
that this had been done in Ireland, and
there was reason to believe that the ar-
rangements were nearly completed in
England; but he must confess that the
difficulty of getting anything like an
answer from the Chancellor of the Ezche-
qner was such as he could not have con-
ceived, and he bad scarcely been treated
with courtesy. The law of Scotland was
different from that of England. In Scot-
land everything that was found in the
earth belonged to the Crown ; in England
only articles of the precious metals ; and
in some instances the Crown had waived
its privileges, and given them to private
individuals. Hence the difficulty of pass-
ing an Act, in which the righta of all
these persons would be involved.
Wbdotwday.
Another excursion took place this day.
The route commenced with Nailsea, where
there is a small 15th-century church with
a good tower, and a manor-house chiefly
of the time of EHizabeth, with an earlier
part, of the reig^ of Henry VIII. Some
of the rooms are handsomely panelled, and
in one of them the arms of the Cole family
are carved above the mantel -piece.
At a short distance from Nailsea is
Chelvey. The church of this parish liaa
memorials of the Aish and Tynte families.
One of the latter is an incised sUb of the
thirteenth century — a mode which Mr.
Parker stated is common in France, bot
very rare in England, where braaset are
generally used. The doorway is Norman,
and there are some thiiteenth-centurj
windows. There is a place in the pnlptt for
an hour-glass. Chelvey Court is a mannoa
of the reign of James L It has a fine
illuminated and gilt mantel-piece^ a noble
staircase, and several panelled rooma. The
I860.] Somersetshire ArchaoL and Nat. Hist. Society. 509
house contains a secret chamber, probably
intended for the conceahnent of a Roman
Catholic priest. It was built by an an-
cestor of the Tynte family, to whom the
estate belongs.
The party next drove towards Brockley
Combe, and passed up that fine and ro-
mantle defile. Tlie sides are deeply
wooded, and high limestone rocks ap-
pear above and between the foliage. The
loftiest of these rocks reaches a height of
300 feet. But few spots are there in
Somerset exhibiting a more wild and
varied beauty. Descending firom Broad-
hill-down, and passing close to Barley-
lodge, once the residence of Hannah More,
the vehicles next pulled up at Wrington.
The house in which Locke was born ad-
joins the churchyard. The church is
really a noble edifice. The lofty nave,
with its clustered pillars and foliated capi-
tals, the shafts carried up and supporting
angels with shields, the fine Perpendi-
cular windows and clerestory, present a pic-
ture rarely equalled in parochial churches.
The chancel is small, and in the Deco-
rated style. Mr. Freenmn pointed out
that, in consequence of its being retained
when the other part of the church was re-
built, the builders had been somewhat
hampered in regard to length. The nave
would have been much finer had there
been six bays instead of four. Aa it was,
the nuve of Martock church was grander,
having greater length and richness. Mar-
tock Church had also some elaborate work
in the spandrils, which was missing here ;
and the lower part was of extraordinary
splendour, though the clerestory was not
equal to it. Still this was one of the best
and purest specimens of Perpendicular
Somersetshire architecture. The tower
Mr. Freeman considered to be the finest
parochial western tower without a spire
in England — therefore, probably, in the
world. He, however, corrected a state-
ment that had been made, — that he had
said it was the finest tower in the world.
That was not the fact, for he did not com-
pare it with towers of totally another de-
scription, or with those of cathedrals and
abbeys.
Leaving Wrington, Congresbury was
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
soon reached; and here also is a large
church, but one of a different character.
The tower is surmounted by a spire. The
pillars of the south aisle are Early English,
and are surrounded by detached shafts,
while the opposite aisle is Decorated. This
peculiarity gives a singular appearance to
the church. The detached shafts were
added in the course of restoration. Mr.
Freeman remarked that they were not
there when he last saw the church, but
there was no doubt that they origpnallj
existed, as the bases were there. The
clerestory is early Perpendicular. The
manor-house is a building of the date of
about 1470, and has on its front a re-
markably rich ornament in imitation of
the tooth ornament of the thirteenth een-
tury, but with the arms of Pope, one of
the executors of Bishop Beckington.
At Yatton, where the excursion ter-
minated, the fine church met with great
admhration. Mr. Freeman considered it
not quite equal to that at Wrington,
though it had much in common with it.
The western front he especially com
mended ; and compared it to that of Crew-
kerne Church. The sacred structure is
cruciform in shape ; the nave is lofty and
spacious, with elegant clurtered pillars,
similar to those at Wrington, and shafts
carried up to support the roof. The chan-
cel and transepts are earlier Perpendicular,
but the south transept has a Decorated
window. The tower is surmounted by an
unfinished spire; a feature not unusual,
Mr. Freeman said, in this cUstrict, but ex-
ceedingly rare in those parts of the coun-
try were spires were numerous. In North-
amptonshire, where there were so many
spires, he only knew of one incomplete,
and that was at Naseby, and was said by
the people to have been broken during the
famous battle. Near the church is a g^ood
house of the fifteenth century, the exterior
perfect, with the interior modernized.
The party having left the church,
thanks were voted to the local Secretary
(Rev. T. Bliss), to Mr. Parker and Mr.
Freeman, to the ladies for their company,
and to the President for presiding. The
proceedings of this very gratifying and
successful anniversary then terminated.
8f
510
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nov.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.
Sept. 11. The annual meeting was
held in the school-rooms of St. Sepulchre,
Northampton, the Matob in the chair.
The proceedings commenced hy Lord
Henley laying the foundation-stone of the
new buildings connected with the restora-
tion and enlargement of the very remark-
able Round Church, after which the Re-
port of the Society was read by the Rev.
T. James. After alluding to the immediate
0( ca-'ion of the meeting, it proceeded : •■ —
"Of new and restored churches which
have come under the consideration of our
committee since our last meeting, in Oc-
tober, 1859, are the designs for the new
chapel at Catesby, by Mr. W. Gillett ; for
the new aisle of Tiffield, built for Lord
Southampton, by Mr. Law; for the re-
storation of Owston Church, Leicestershire,
by Mr. Goddard; the enlargement and
reseating of Uppingham Church, by Mr.
Pearson ; the rebuilding of Gilmorton
Church, by Mr. W. Smith ; the reseating
of the nave of Wellingborough Church, by
Mr. Law ; for a new church of brick, at
Leicester, by Mr. Scott; the restoration
of Ketton Church, by the same architect ;
the rebuilding of Sutton Basset Church,
by Mr. Goddard ; the restoration of Rib-
wort h chancel, by Mr. Slater ; lor the
new Training College of Peterborough,
by Mr. Scott, (the building of which is for
the present postponed) ; for a new girls'
school at Weedon, by Mr. Law ; new
National School at Islip, by Mr. Slater;
and for additions to the school at Holy-
well. Sub-committees have visited the
churches of Stoke Bnieme and Raunds,
with a view to projected improvements,
and 1 am happy to be able to announce
to-day that the church of Horton is about
to be placed for restoration in the hands
of your chairman
"In every case the principles of cor-
rect church arrangement have been recog-
nised, and, in most, completely carried
out. It would be but repeating an old
story to say that, in every instance, low,
open, uniform seats have been adopted,
galleries disanullcd, pulpits simplified, the
old reading-pew discriminated into prayer-
desk and Itctcrn, and that, wherever prac-
ticable, the greatest stop perhaps of all
has been gained, of placing the choir in
their proper place— the chancel.
" During the year, a most interesting
communication was made to the Society
by Mr. Canon Argles, relating to the dis-
covery of a stone sedile and benches, in
the Saxon tower of Barnack. A niche in
the west wall, formed by a triangular
heading of beam-shaped stones, which had
greatly puzzled the antiquaries, was found,
on the removal of the soil, to be the
canopy of a stone sedilc, no doubt a seat
of great honour in Saxon times, when the
fine tower- arch opened into the chnrch,
and formed, probably, a chapter- house for
the ecclesiastics connected with the build-
ing, or, possibly, the tribunal of some
secular power. But, whatever its use, it
must undoubtedly be pronounced the most
ancient place of solemn session and con-
clave existing in this kingdom.
" The colouring of the apse of the
choir of Peterborough Cathedral has been
finished, and, combined with that of the
roof and the scraping of the stone- work,
has tended greatly to remove the cold and
cheerless aspect which the east end for-
merly wore. The present painting can,
however, only be regarded as a temporary
expedient, awaiting the introduction of
some richer material and design, worthy
of the east end of so noble a cathedral.
One new window of coloured glass has
been lately inserted in the cathedral, and
others are about to be added
"One other most important class of
buildings our Society has from the firbt
never lost sight of, though it has had
great difficulty, and little external en-
couragement, m bringing it more promi-
nently forward, viz., that of cottages for
the labouring classes. From time to time,
without success, we have applied to local
Agricultural Societies, who might be sup-
posed to have even a nearer interest than
ourselves in this matter, but have been
unable to get them to j(Hn with as in
offering a prize or prizes for the best
model cottage for the Midland districts.
At length we have been encouraged in
our undertaking by some of oar associated
Architectural Societies, and, having lut
upon a plan which seems to as to comlune
every desideratum of a g^ood cottage, we
are about to publish it, with specifications
and estimates, for distribution among oar
members, and possibly also fbr general
sale. If we are really successfnl in tlus
design, I feel that we shall have accom-
plished a work not secondary to that of
the furtherance of correct taste and ar-
rangement in ecclesiasiic and scholastic
architecture ; and shall deserve to be
ranked among the practical, working So-
cieties of the county, if, in addition to
I860.]
Northamptonshire Architectural Society.
511
handsome cLurches and good schools, we
have done all that externals can do to
give the poor man a comfortable home.
•*By a rule of our Society, it is our
office to procure photographic pictures of
all old buildings, of any architectural cha-
racter, before they are destroyed or re-
stored, (and I am sorry that the latter
word often implies the former). These
have already been made for us by the
skilful hands of Mr. Jennings, from the
ctriginals at Catesby, Sutton, Higham, and
elsewhere; and, by a recent resolution,
we have coramiflsioned the same artist to
obtain for us faithful representations of
all the ancient bridges on the Nen and
other rivers of the county — a class of
structures many of which have great in-
terest and picturesque beauty, but which
the tide of modem improvement is soon
likely to sweep away.
" On the establishment of our Society,
some fifteen years ago, the very first ap-
plication which we received was from the
Vicar of St. Sepulchre's, to assist him in
carrying out the r^toration of his church,
and we promised him that assistance ; but
immediately afterwards, circumstances,
into which I need not now enter, rendered
it advisable that we should first take in
hand the restoration of St. Peter's. Mr.
Butlin at once generously postponed his
prior claim, on the understanding that
when St. Peter's was finished we would
immediately set to work with the larger
and more important work of the Round
Church. Upon the completion of St.
Peter's, the claim of St. Sepulchre's was
revived, but with little success, till, upon
the lamented death of our late most kind
and intelligent President, the Marquis of
Northampton, a new efibrt was made and
several additional subscriptions given. It
was proposed, at the outset, to have made
the whole restoration a memorial to Lord
Northampton, and if the London com-
mittee had acted as was expected, the
work might have been done, but we have
been obliged to abandon the lai^r scheme,
and form a separate local Memorial Com-
mittee, with the more confined object of
connecting a memorial of the late Marquis
with some portion of the round church,
(in which he took so great an interest,)
and leaving the greater work of restora-
tion and enlargement to a general com-
mittee. The fund for the Northampton
memorial the special committee still hold
in hand, to the amount of £300 to £400;
and when the round part is cleared of its
incumbrances, they will be prepared to
advise upon the outlay of the sum. A
handsome central font and a memorial
pavement are probably the objects to
which those subscriptions will be devoted.
Meanwhile the many calls for church and
school purposes within the town prevented
the general committee from pressing the
claims of poor • 'Puhhre's ;' and though
a few additional subscriptions fell in, and
the money in the banks gained some little
interest, yet the cause flagged, and the
sum collected was greatly inadequate to
the large amount required. Last year
a local committee, composed chiefly of
parishioners themselves, from whom alone
a real living spring of action could be ex-
pected, and from whom it ought to come,
took the matter in hand in earnest, and
by joining the older general committee
brought the business to the position in
which yon now find it. Of that position
I shall leave the local secretary to speak ;
but, before I do so, I* must be allowed to
mention what that committee in their
own report would be disposed to omit,
how much the parish, and the town and
county also, are indebted to the zeal of
the Vicar and the two churchwardens,
Mr. CoUedge and Mr. Page, and equally
so to two other parishioners, Mr. Rands
and Mr. Gray, without whose unwearying
exertions little would have been done.
" Of course there is still a want of ftinds
to carry out the entire plan of Mr. Scott,
and with less than that I hope you will
not be satisfied. We feel the strongest
interest in the restoration and enlarge-
ment of St. Sepulchre's Church, and will
continue to promote this object to the
utmost of our influence and power; not
looking to the work as mere antiquarians,
but as fellow-Churchmen, wishing to see
room made in the mother church of so
lar(;e a parish for that great body of the
poorer parishioners whom the miserable
existing accommodation has so sadly de-
barred from their equal rights in the
House of God.
" This brief summary of our proceed-
ings will, I hope, shew (for by the nature
of our present meeting I consider that
our Society is, in a sense, on its trial be-
fore the public to-day) that we are not
mere dabblers in matters of taste, but
that while we keep an eye to the preser-
vation, or at any rate to the record, of
local antiquities, and to the promotion of
good style in architecture, the greater
part of our time and care is devoted to
practical objects, bearing immediately
upon the religious, educational, and do-
mestic welfare of the people; and that,
whether in the church, the school, or the
house, the class for whom we labour most
heartily, and whoee battle we Bhall be
512
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Nov.
ever readiest to fight, is that of our fellow-
workmen, the Irtlwuring poor. With that
spirit our Society was instituted ; in that
it has endeavoured to walk ; that, in holy
words, it has emhodied in its adopted
motto one which we have just had per-
manently engraved on its new hadge and
geal — * Nisi Dominxts j* and in accordance
with which, I trust, it will not be deemed
inappropriate for me to conclude my report
by repeating, in English, the whole text,
already read in St. Sepulchre's church-
yard to-day, — * Except the Lord build the
house their labour is but lost that build
» fi
it.
The report of the Local Committee for
the restoration stated that —
"the subscription commenced in 1862,
having remained in abeyance for several
years, in consequence of the restoration of
St. Giles' and other undertakings having
engrossed public attention to that extent
as to render the success of any simul-
taneous exertions for the present object
very doubtful. The committee in 1859
finding no such obstacles then existing,
considered that a favourable opportunity
presented itself for again bringing the
subject to the notice of the public. It
was accordingly resolved, at a preliminary
meeting, held the 16th of June, 1859, at
which the Rural Dean presided, that the
works should be immediately proceeded
with ; that tenders should be obtained
for the execution of the works, and that
a renewed appeal should be made to the
diocese at large for the purpose of pro-
curing further f\inds, and that payment
should be requested of those promised
subscriptions remaining unpaid, and a
sub-committee was appointed for the pur-
pose of carrying these resolutions into
effect.
•* llie result has been that subscriptions
to the amount of £1,724 have been ob-
tained, of which £1,441 Is. 4d. has been
received, leaving about £300 still uncv>l-
lectcd; this, with £124 Ss. lOd. allowed
by the bankers for interest, makes the
amount actually received to the present
time £1,565 lOs. 2d., or, including the
unpaid subscriptions, £1,860. We have
also the pleasure of announcing that a
grant of £175 has been made by the In-
corporated Society for the Building and
Enlargement of Churches."
The works are under the direction of
Mr. G. G. Scott, but the funds in hand
are yet insufficient to carry out the design.
The llev. G. A. Poole, Vicar of Wel-
ford, read a paper, which traced the his-
tory of the cbnrcb from its fonndatioii.
He said : —
" It is scarcely necenary to remind you
that there are four round churches, and
four only, still remaining in England.
These churches owe their peculiar foma
and arrangement to a desire on the pari
of theur founders to embody their recoW
lection of the round church of the R^
surrection in the Holy City, in which
they had worshipped as pilgrims or cru-
saders. Inferior as they may be in gran-
deur, as they certainly must be in intrin-
sic interest; imperfect as they doubtless
all are as copies of a remote original, this
was the type after which all oar round
churches were erected, and this the spirit
which led to the adoption of their pt'ooliar
plan. Two of the churches thus owing
their form, and their very existence, t«
these facts and feelings, were erected by
the Templars and Hospitallers respectively,
two religious Orders associated under the
most solemn vows for the protection of
pilgrims to Jerusalem. These were the
Temple, in London, so called because it
belonged to the Templars; and Little
Maplestead, in Essex, which was attached
to a commandery of the Hospitallers. Bat
if these two churches seem to be more
especially interesting, froni the chivalrooa
Oi-ders to which they owed thmr ereeiioii,
the other two have also a peculiar daim,
and perhaps a higher, on account of their
greater antiquity. These are St Sepul-
chre's in Cambridge, and the church in
this town of the same consecration. Of
these, the church in Cambridge has,
perhai)S, the priority, having been conse-
crated in 1101 ; but that in Northampton
followed immediately after, b«ng as-
signed, with great probability, to Simon
de St. Liz, Earl of Northampton, who
died in 1115, after having been long
absent from this country. This church,
then, if erected by him, must be as old at
the former within a very few years, and
may be even older ; and there is nothing
in the character of its orig^inal portioa
which at all casts a doubt upon the most
remote antiquity we might be inclined to
give it. Thus, besides its conneoUon with
the history of the Crusades, which it
shares with all the round churches, we
claim for St. Sepulchre's a date searoelj,
if at all, less remote than that of the
oldest of the other three.
*' Simon de St. Liz built the castle of
Northampton, and about the year 1084
he largely endowed the convent of St.
Andrew, making it, however, unhappily,
an alien priory, saljeet to the Chuiiae
I860.]
Northamptonshire Architectural Society,
513
Abbey of St. Mary de Caritate, on the
banks of the Loire. As he advanced in
years, his zeal for the faith advanced also,
and towards the close of hia life he took
the cross and went to the Holy City. He
was fortunate enough to return, and zea-
lous enough to repeat his journey ; but
being seized with an illness on his home-
ward way, he died about the year 1115,
ab the aforesaid abbey of St. Mary de
Caritate, and was there buried.
" The condition in which he left the
church of St. Sepulchre's may be very
probably inferred from several indications
still remaining. It seem's certain that ic
consisted of the present round, together
with a chancel, terminating in an eastern
apse. The principal entrance was most
likely through a highly-enriched doorway
at the west end of the round, which has
given way to the present tower. Instead
of a tower or other steeple to the original
church, the round was crowned with a
lofty clerestory or lantern, with a conical
roof of hi^h pitch; and as there was a
triforium over the aisles of the round,
which has now disappeared, the whole
elevation would not be deficient in height.
The chancel, I imagine, had no aisles, and
like that at Little Maplestead, which was
also without aisles, terminated in an apse.
" In the interior, the central circle of
eight pillars and arches was surrounded
with an aisle with a groined roof, over
which was a triforium, opening into the
church by a series of arches, probably
little inferior in height to those below.
Resting on these, and rising to some con-
siderable height above them, was the
clerestory or lantern, doubtless of eight
lights, with appropriate decorations. A
richly moulded arch would lead to the
chancel, the detHils of which can be sup-
plied only by probable analogy. This at
least there can be no reason to doubt, that
it was, both externally and internally, a
structure of very considerable elegance,
and one which would excite the admira-
tion, as well as the interest, of all who
looked on it as a legacy from the deceased
crusader to those who had not been pri-
vileged to see its antetype in the Holy City.
" It did not, however, satisfy more than
two or three generations in the state in
which Simon de St. Liz left it; and pro-
bably it was then, as it was often again,
and is now, perhaps for the last time,
want of space for those who would wor-
ship in it that led to essential changes in
the fabric. It was probably about 1180,
during the time of the gradual introduc-
tion of the pointed arch, but while the old
Norman details were generally retained.
(thus forming a transition era,) that the
northern wfdl of the chancel was cut
through, to form an arcade for the addi-
tion of a northern aisle. The work does
not seem to have been judiciously or even
carefully conducted, for the changes about
this time originated a series of failures in
the fabric, which led, first to the necessary
erection of certain unsightly buttresses, and
ultimately, perhaps, to the failure of the
round, and the sacrifice of the old trifo-
rium and clerestory. The twelfth century,
however, probably closed upon a church
scarcely differing from that which St. Liz
had finished before 1115, except that a
northern aisle had been added to the
chancel.
" Thus, 80 far as at present appears, the
church remained for upwards of a century,
for it is not till early in the fourteenth
century that there are any indications of
a south chancel aisle. And it was before
the close of the same century that the
present tower and spire were erected.
This was not without a purpose ; for the
round had probably suffered so much by
former changes as to require great repairs.
The aisle vaults and the triforium were
probably sacrificed at this time, and the
clerestory rebuilt on a much more meagre
scale, though certainly not so wretchedly
as at present. A tower and spire were
therefore required to give character to the
church. I need hardly tell you that this
last feature is of great beauty, and long
may it remain an ornament, not to this
church only, but to the town of North-
ampton.
" Wliatever has happened to St. Sepul-
chre's since the erection of the spire has
been by way of destruction and deteriora-
tion. The only comfort we can derive
from an inspection of it is thi$, that the
very fact that matters have been getting
worse and worse for two hundred years,
necessitates so entire a reconstruction, that
we destroy, without compunction and re-
gret, what the exigencies of restoration
and enlargement require to be swept away ;
and that we are certain, under the direc-
tion of our very able architect, to hand
over the remodelled edifice to the parish,
and to the people generally, as greatly in-
creased in beauty as in usefulness, and not
diminished in interest"
After various remarks from Mr. Q. G.
Scott, Sir Henry Dryden, and other gen-
tlemen, on the true principles of restora-
tion, and the expression of a very general
opinion that "restoration not unfrequently
meant destruction," the meeting separated.
514
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Nov.
In the evening another meeting was held,
the Rev. Lord Alwtne Compton in the
chair, wlien a very interesting paper on
Bound Churches was read by Mr. James.
We give a few main points. He said : —
" A round church ! People will at once
go to see that, who would pass by a hun-
dred rectangnUur ones; partly, no doubt,
because the form is rare, partly because it
is connected with that little bit of archae-
ology, which the most modem student has
picked up, of the relation of that plan to
the Holy Sepulchre, and partly, I think,
also from the circular form in itself com-
mending itself to our love of beauty and
completeness, so that from the " round O'*
that children delight in above all the
letters of the alphabet, to the globe which
is our world, and to the mightier spheres
which circle above us in the vaulted sky,
nil round things have a peculiar charm
for us, symbolizing, as they do, that eter-
nity which the h^rt of man yearns to as
his home.
** It may be, I think, because the age of
imagination has passed away, and that we
are become, as most certainly we are,
more prosaic, flat, commonplace, square-
headed, and unideal, that the ronnd form
has evaporated from our architecture,
and that we can now seldom catch its
vanishing image except in a windmill
or a folly...
" Who can fancy the daring tower rising
on the plain of Shinar other than a round
building, tier above tier, reaching unto
heaven ? What are those round towers
of Ireland, and those far more ancient
topes and lilts of India, the works of the
early Buddhists, but embodiments of the
same spirit of aspiration, striving to ex-
press its craving after the Eternal and
the Infinite by a form at once most lasting
and limitless ?
" The earliest buildings of all nations are
their tombs, and these also, from the same
feeling that erected them, are the best
preserved. Leavinpr out the strange and
isolated art of Kgypt, the earliest existing
tombs of old Greece and Etruria, and of
the further North and East, are, for the
most part, round ; or, at lea«<t, domed and
vaulted, and so partially in curved lines.
So with that much larger group of later
R^^man buildings, such as the Pantheon,
the temple of Tivoli, the tombs of Cecilia
Metclla, of Augustus, Diocletian's palace
at Spalatro, the church of San Vito (a
tomb of one of the Tossia family) at Rome,
and many other buildings in which the
round form is distinctly developed.
'' But to come to those circular build-
ings of which Time has spired both their
forms and records, and taking up the
buildings of the Christian era ot Constan-
tine, we have the tomb of his mother,
Helena, who died in 328 ; and that of his
daughter, Constantia, now known as the
Baptisteiy of St. Agnese. They are both
nearly on the same plan.
"Of the fifth or sixth centory is the
much larger building (its diameter being
210 feet) now called the church of S. Ste-
phano Rotundo, at Bologna. The pillars
are all taken from older buildings. This
was probably a tomb or a baptistery.
" In Santi Angeli, at Perugia, we have
almost the identical form, though of much
smaller diameter, (115 feet,) and we here
see the first additions to the mmple roand
in the forms of the sqnare porches. Up
to this point there is nothing to indicate
any place set apart for the Holy Comma-
nion. The tomb of the saint, or the
font, would occupy the central point; and
though, from the tradition of the cata-
comb, the tomb might also form the
altar, yet we find no divergence from the
concluding circular wall for encharistic
purposes till we come to the budding
chancel of the baptistery at Nocera dei
Pagani, (on the road between Rome and
Naples,) where a small intersecting circle
forms a recess, at the entrance of which,
or possibly on the chord of the smaller
circle, the altar stood. The groundplan
of this church, in which the type of oar
future round churches first comes dis-
tinctly out, is singularly like (and it maj
help you to remember it) that of one of
those venerable watches which oar fkthera
delighted to carry in their fobs.
" The integral round being once broken,
the expansion rapidly increased in varioaa
directions; the chancel became yet more
developed, and the octagon form, the in-
tervening link between the square and
the circle, which had already appeared in
the central font, comes oat into promi-
nence, sometimes afi*ecting the outer, some-
times the inner arrangement of the boild-
ing, as is seen in the main groundplan of
St. Vitale at Ravenna. . . .
*'It would be tiresome to g^ve yon
a mere catalc^ue of the many existing
circular and octagonal baptisteries and
churches still existing in Italy, and, at
rarer intervals, in Northern Europe. Fer-
gusson's 'Handbook,' and the moch
larger French work, by Isahelle, on JSdt-
fices CirculaireSf though referring cbirflj
to classic instances, wul supply ample ex-
amples to those who are inclined to ex-
haust the suUect The baptisteries of
Florence, the Duomo Veochio of
I860.]
Northamptonshire Architectural Society.
515
Pisa, and Parma, the campanile of Pisa,
known as the * Leaning Tower,' are
familiar to us all, either by the engrav-
ings, or still more faithftil photographs,
which every traveller brings home with
him. All combine, more or lees, the rect-
angular with the circular form, and none
of them very much exceed or fall short of
the diameter of 100 feet, which may be
taken as the average measure of this class
of buildings. . . .
" Before I conclude, I would briefly sum
up the inferences which may be drawn
from the very cursory and imperfect state-
ments I have made on the very wide and,
as yet, unexhausted subject of round
churches. You will at least have seen
that our four round chunhes are only
a small remnant of a much larirer number
which once existed in England, and that
these were not invariably connected with
the Orders of the Templars or of the Hos-
pitallers, though probably in almost every
case (the roimd chapel of Ludlow Castle
perhaps being one exception) with some
crusader or pilgrim to the Holy Land,
and, therefore, constructed in imitation,
more or less direct, of the rotunda of the
Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem ; in all which
cases, as I have said, the * round ' consti-
tuted the nave or western portion.
** But from the earliest Christian ages,
and linking on by subtile but unbroken
chain, with ancient Rome and Greece,
and, indeed, with the monumental history
of almost every people, there existed
a scries of tombs, towers, temples, bap-
tisteries, chapels, of circular or cm'vilinear
form, which had no connection with the
Holy Sepulchre, (except that it was itself
one link in the general chain,) and which,
quite irrespective of any imitation of that
sacred building, are to be traced in the
round portion, wherever situated, of the
ecclesiastical buildings of the Middle Ages,
and which received their greatest and
final development in the manifoiled and
multangular apses, which constitute so
striking and beautiful a feature of the
finest continental churches.
" In contradistinction to the use of the
rest of Europe, England kept steadily, as
a rule, to a square east end ; and though
at Canterbury and Tewkesbury, and in
a few other noted examples, the circular
form appears, yet often, with obstinate
nnd hardly excusable persistence, as at
l*eterborough and Westminster, she capped
the curved apse with a rectilinear addi-
tion, protesting, as it were, against the
foreign element, and reserving the round
form for the western end. Round apses
have been a favourite resuscitation with
modem architects, and where, as in the
new chancel of St. Sepulchre's, they can
give the reason why, there can be no ob-
jection to their introduction, but a new
round church, we can never hope, never
wish to see again; the reason and the
feeling for it is past ; and its form, which
was ill-suited even for the unreformed
Church, is doubly so for our own. As
a baptismal vestibule, nothing can be
grander; but in these days we want too
much room for our congregations to bo
able in a new church to throw away so
much space on mere architectural effect.
The more incumbent upon u^ therefore,
is it to preserve that unique and beautiful
feature, when we find it here. The fifth
round church in England we shall never
see ; but we may yet make ours the most
remarkable of the remaining four. There
is more of the original in Maplestead;
more completeness in Cambridge; more
splendour of decoration iu the Temple :
but for size and usefulness, for correct ar-
rangement and artistic effect, for local
association, and, above all, for supplying
the urgent spiritual wants of a daily in-
creasing parish, the work which your com-
mittee has taken in hand will, if carried
out in its integrity, yield to no church
restoration, whether of round church or
square; and will, when finished, become
the glory, as it has hitherto been the
shame, of Northampton."
In answer to a question as to what was
intended to be done, and what the expense
would be, Mr. James said, " The circular
part was the only part left by the crusa-
ders, and with that they should not inter-
fere in the least, except to remove the
high pews and galleries. The present
chancel and aisles would be thrown into
the nave, and a chancel would be built out
further east. If a ladies' committee was
formed, and the funds raised, the northern
aisle would be restored. The round part
would be converted into a baptistery. Even
if they had money, all they wishtd to do
at present would be to put windows where
at prtsent there wore only holes in the
clerestories, and put a new conical roof in
place of the present roof."
A Museum was formed which remained
open on the day following the meeting ; it
contained many rare and valuable books,
some excellent photographs, chiefly of
county antiquities, and also a miscellane-
ous collection, embracing coins, trades-
men's tokens, weapons, &c
516
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer. [Nov.
KILKENNY AND SOUTH-EAST OF lEELAND ARCHiEOLO.
GICAL SOCIETY.
Sept 12. The President, the Very Rev.
the Dean of Ossoby, in the chair. The
following new memhers were elected : —
Dr. Hatchell, Inspector-General of Lu-
natic Asylums; John Lee, Esq., LL.D.,
Hartwell House, Aylesbury ; Chas. Faulk-
ner, Esq., Deddington; Miss Arbuthnot,
Loughcutra, Gort ; Nicholas Grattan, Esq.,
M. R. C. S., South Mall, Cork; Denis
Barry CFlynui Esq., M.D., M.R.C.S.,
Carricknavar, Cork ; Geo. Gabriel, Esq.,
Bandon; Thos. Lynch, Esq., Rathmines,
Dublin ; John Browne, Esq., M.D., Dun-
dalk ; Mr. P. Magennis, National school-
master, Knockmore, Derrygonelly ; Mr,
P. M'Dermot, Deputy Clerk of the Peace,
Kilkenny; and the Rev. John Quarry,
M.A., the Rectory, Middleton.
The Rev. G. L. Shannon presented,
through Mr. J. G. Robertson, a parchment
document connected with Kilkenny, being
the original commission of Oyer and Ter-
miner to the Mayor of Kilkenny, Robert
Marshall, Esq., Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas, and Christopher Robin-
son, Esq., Justice of the Court of Chief
Place, to bold Summer Assizes in the city
of Kilkenny, in the second year of the
reign of George III.
Mr. Cullen, J.P., High-street, presented
a specimen of ancient turning, found in
taking down a very old wall connected
with his premises.
The Rev. James Mease presented an
ancient atlas, and read some observations
on the topographic names in a map of
Ireland included therein; he pointed out
that at the time of its publication at
Utrecht in 1G98, so little was known of
Ireland, and the names were so blundered,
that it was impossible to identify more
than a few of the places indicated.
The Secretary directed the attention of
the meeting to three very fine specimens
of sepulchral urns, deposited in the So-
ciety's Museum by Lady Elizabeth and
Captain Wemys, Danesfort.
The Rev. James Graves said, that beside
the intrinsic value of the ums^ two of
3
which were of rare and highly ornamented
form, their discovery was further very in-
teresting as throwing light on the etymo-
logy of the locality in which they were
discovered. Danesfort was a modem cor-
ruption of the andent name, Danfert,
which signified " the fort of the barying-
place." The fort, a conspicnoot earthen
dun, was there still to tell its own tale :
but until the discovery of these ancient
sepulchral remains, there had been no
proof of the connexion of the locality
with any ancient place of interment. As
regarded the particulars of the disoorery,
Mr. Graves gave the following aoooont : —
" On the opposite side of the road to
Stoneyford, in a field belonging to a tenant
of Captun Wemys', sand has been wont
to be raised for a long time past. The
sand-pits are formed in a spur which runs
eastward from the knoU, crowned by a
well-defined earthen dun, which, with
some planting and an old snmmer>hoose^
forms a conspicuous object in the deer-
park of Danesfort. It is probable that
discoveries of sepulchral renuuns had been
previously made in the course of excava-
tions for sand, but no evidence exists of
any such find until about twelve months
before that about to be described, when
a small cist formed of four stones, with
a fiag at top and bottom, was met with
by a labourer employed in the said pit.
In this cist were some burned bones and
a very fine and elaborately ornamented
urn with a cover, having a handle at top
for lifting it. It was of half-baked claj,
but very solid. It had been kept by the
finder until lately, when the latis C^»d
Wemys obtained it, along with another of
more common shape, the particulars of
the discovery of which I have not been
able to learn, llie former of these two
urns was since unfortunately broken and
lost. In the hitter part of the year 1858^
Colonel Wemys having had occasion to
raise sand, excavations were commenced at
the place already described. In opening
the pit two skeletons were discovered ; the
bones were exceedingly ftiable, and went
to pieces when expo^ to the air : they
lay at full lengtli about three feet nnder
the surface. There is no record of any
implement or ornament having been fimnd
with them. Near these skeletons indUca-
I860.] Kilkenny and Sauth^Mast of Ireland Arehmol. Soc. 5 1 7
tions of A pit presented themselves, and
on a section of this heing made, thore was
fonnd, ahont nx feet under the scnrfiioe^
a large stcme, measuring 4 ft. 7 in. hj
4 ft. 4 in^ of irrefiralarly oval shape^ and
eleven inches thidc. On removing th]%
a regnlarly hnilt cist presented ita3f, the
sides of which (I saw one stone 4jt. 6 in.
long and one foot deep) were fomed of
single stones ahoat Ibar feet long; ike
ends, of one stone, ahoat one foot hroad ;
and the cist thus formed was ahont one
foot deep; the hottom of it was covered
with calcined hnman hones, (some of which
I saw lying on the grani) ; acroa this dst
at top lay long stones, placed at interrals^
and in two of these intervals, shaped like
pigeon-holes, resting on the side stone^
were placed two ekborately ornamented
nms. These were agun oarelhlly covered,
every crevice between the stones com-
pletely closed with spawls of stoDS!, and,
over idl, the large dab above described had
been placed. A}1 rested on another large
flag 6 fl. 9 in. long, by 4 ft 8 in. across,
which, though rough Deneath, presented
a smooth su^m^ for the bottom of the cist.
The workmen describe the spawling of
the cist to have been so cardblly aone
that a heavy smell arose when it was
opened. All the stones belouff to the
calcareous strata of the district.''
The Secretary submitted to the meeting
a magnificent volume which had recently
been published by one of the members of
the Society, Dr. W. D. Hemphill, of Qon-
mel. The work consisted of letter-inress
descriptive of the scenery, antiquities, and
more remarkable modem buildings of
Clonmel, Cashel, Caher, Lismore, and tiidr
vicinities, illustrated by an immense num«
her of photographic views adapted to the
stereoscope. The letter -inress evinced ac-
curate and extenmve research combined
with graphic descriptive powers. The
frontispiece was a large photographio
plate of the round tower and northern
transept of Cashel Cathedral, which for
artistic effect and clearness of detail was
far before a first-class line engravings
placing, as it did, before the eye portrait!
of every stone in the structure. The work
was a credit to the Dublin pubBsiung
trade. The letter -press presented un-
exampled elegance and clearness of type^
ornamented on every page by rubricated
borders of the most tasteful dedgn. The
photographic plates, executed by Dr.
Hempldll himself, preserved accurate por-
traits of all the more important antiqiii-
tSes of the district.
The following papers were submitted to
the meeting : —
''Notes on Kilkenny Prinlang in the
Seventeenth Century," by the Yenerabla
Archdeacon Cotton, being notices of some
broadsides and official documents issued
from the press of the ConfederateCatholioi^
at present contained in Cashel library.
"Account and Drawing of Indsed
Primaval Scorings, found on the Sides of
a Natural Cavern known as ' The Lettered
Cave,' on Knockmore Mountidn, near the
Village of Derrygonnely, in the County
of Fermanagh;" some of wluoh resemUe
runes^ and others seem to be cognate with
the incised ornamentation on the stones
of the great artifidal cave at New Orangey
CO. Meath; contributed by Mr. P. ICa-
genni% this day elected a member of the
Sodety.
"Topographical mtistrations of the
Suburbs of Kilkenny— Burt V ^ Mr.
John Hogan. This part was devoted to
the investigation of the traces of several
andent roads converging to^ and diverg-
ing from, the Irish town of Kilkenny, and
displayed an extraordinary amount of re-
search on the part of the writer,
A speeial vote of thanks havuig beem
passed to Lady Slixabeth and Captain
Wemys for the flotila imif this day pre*
sentedy and the obligation of the Sodetj
to the other donors and eihiUtorf having
been duly acknowledged, the meeting wm
adjourned to the fint Wedoeiday in No-
vember*
OxFT. ICia. Vol. CCIX,
8Q
518
Aniiqtuirian and Literary InteUiffencer.
[Nov.
SOCIETY OF ANTiaUARIES, NEWCASTLE-TJPON-TYNE.
Sept. 5. The monthly meeting was held
in the Castle, John Clayton, Esq., V.P.,
in the chair.
Mr. White read a note on Roman Roads
in Scotland, suggested by his recent Scot-
tish tour : — ** When the Romans quitted
this country, they lefk behind them, where-
ever they had been, most memorable traces
of energy and perseverance. Down to the
commencement of the last century, Bri-
tons, Picts, Anglo-Saxons, and Normans
successively trode the roads formed by
these enterprising men ; and, in the wilder
parts of the country, such highways still
form the boundaries of townships, and
afford passage for men, horses, and cattle.
The fugitives from the battle of Neville's
Cross fled to Lanchcster and Corbridge,
that they might avail themselves of Wat-
ling Street, as the most direct way to
their own country ; and the spearmen
from the field of Otterburn went on a
portion of the same tract, when they con-
veyed the body of their leader to be in-
terred on the lefb of the high altar in
Melrose Abbey. In Stirlingshire, the army
of Edward the Second proceeded on the
Roman road from Torwood to Miltown,
and then hiiUed to arrange for the deadly
conflict which was to take place at Ifon-
nockburn. On the same line, bat within
a mile of Stirling, Randolph's spearmen
encountered Clifford's horsemen, and over-
came them. At a point north-west of
Stirling, where the road crossed the Forth,
a wooden bridge had been erected in 1297,
a prominent ohject in the battle where
Wallace triumphed over Warren and
Crcssingham, and near to which, on the
summit of the Abbey Craig, a monument
to the Scottish hero is about to be raised.
One of the most remarkable features, how-
ever, of this road, may be seen about
a mile to the east of the Bridge of Allan,
where it ascends a rocky barrier on the
side of a mountain, and has been cut for
about 150 yards out of solid stone, leaving
a way nearly 4 yards in breadth at the
bottom, and at an average from 12 to 15
feet high on either side. Proceeding still
further north, this highwmj cronea AlUut
Water, and passee the celebrated camp at
Ardoch, which I regret I had not leiaare
to visit, but which I am told ia^ in its
kind, oift of the moat perfect apecimena of
Roman fortification in Seotland."
Mr. LongstaiTe read a more detailed ac-
count of the church of Hexham than 1m
was enabled to give on bdng called npon*
at the Society's harried vint* to expoond it.
This account we have already pnbliahed %
but some of the additions may be here re-
corded. In noticing the aaaomptioii thai
the church shared the general fide of aoch
edifices at the hands of the Danes in 87S,
and that it was reboilt by Aiofabiahop
Thomas, junior, at bis introduction of re-
g^ular monks in 1118, Mr. L. thinka that
the first view is not improbable, aa Bidiard
of Hexham (who became prior in 1143)
speaks of all of Wilfiid's chnrchea at Hex«
ham in the past tense. Some towen and
battlements of his principal chnrch of St.
Andrew's were remaining ; and the monks
had built upon the ruina of many edifices
which time and devastation had destroyed.
But it is plain, from the acts of tlie pre-
vious hereditary priesta, that they wera
in possession of St. Andrew's ohnrdi, and;
fVom the history of the relics of the early
bishops, that the whole pile was in aome
order. The old monasteries of T^nemoath*
Jarrow, Monkwearmooth, and Qateahcad
were, in like manner, roproacnted by
churches between the Daniah invaaion and
the Conquest. Not a fragment of Normaii
masonry has occurred at Hexham; and it ia
very improbable that the predeoeaaor of tlie
present structure, which was built aboot
1200, should have been erected ao little be-
fore it as in the year 1118. The fbgitivea
to the sanctuary at Beverley had their meat
in the refectory, and their btd, if of reqMCt*
able rank, in Uie dormitory, or within tlw
court of the refectory, or in aome hooaa.
Mr. Longstaffe thinka it worth eon*
sideration whether the chamber abore the
chapter-house at Hexham might not be
• OaMT. IfAa., Oet. IMO^ pp.
U
I860.] Society of Antiquaries^ Newcasile-upon-Tyne.
519
for the same purpose. The transept and
stone sUdrcase formed a ready access from
the onter door mider the hunding which
opens to thn chamber and to that above
the door, which Mr. LongstafTe sapposes
to correspond with those at Beverley and
Durham for the sanctuary attendants.
After mndi interesting bat somewhat
technical matter, Mr. Longstaffe identifies
the shrine and tomb popularly known as
Prior Richard's and other works bearing
the initials r. 2. crossed like the badge of
St. Andrew, with Prior Rowland Lech-
man, who prerided over the monastery
from 1479 to 1499. To his soocessor,
Thomas Smithson, must be attributed the
rood-screen, (the curious inscription on
which states that Prior Thomas Smithson
made it); and a stone in a house of the
Market-place, where the cross-keys cf
York and the cross of St. Andrew are ac-
companied by the letters t. S. interlaced.
Dir. Chariton said that he had under-
stood that the Saxon cross now at the
Spital, near Hexham, was found in making
a grave at Warden, and that its head is in
the garden at the latter place. The part
at the Spital has wheat and grapes on one
sde, and the crucifixion on the other. Of
the Spital (St.GUes's Hospital) itself, the
greater part disappeared at a recent period,
but some walls and a wooden image of St.
Giles still remain. He himself remembered
the departure of tiie old mulberry-tree.
Oct. 8. JoHv HoDOSOir Hmn, Esq.,
T.-P., in the chair.
An expression of the regret of the
Society at the decease of their honoured
and venerable President, Sir John Edward
Swinburne, Bert., was ordered to be re-
corded on the minutes.
On the table lay an assemblage of ob*
jects recently fimnd at Lanchester, near
the Boman camp, which were described
by Dr. Charlton: —
" The articles were discovered on the
property of Mr. Balleny, in the bank c(t a
eiDJoU rivulet that flows past Greencroft,
by a man who was fishing in the jtream.
Their position was about four £eet^ we be-
lieve, below the present soil ; and his at-
tention was called to them by observing
one of the axes sticking oat of the ban£
All the articles now exhibited are ap-
parently of iron, unless the broad and
perfect double-edged sword be of bronse.
The articles are eighteen in number, and
conrist of two sworas^ — one broad, double-
edged sword, with the hilt perfect; the
other, much corroded, single-edged, and
ornamented down the bliule. Of axes^
there are four, — three of one form, but
difierent sises^ and the fourth of another
shape. There are four scythes; a double-
headed pick, like the miner's pick of the
present day, but much smaller; a single-
headed mattock; and two other instru-
ments <tf iron. We have likewise a ^nke-
head, a ring of iron like that of a bridle
bit, and the remains of a buckle. We be-
lieve that all the articles cUsoovered are
here, f xoept one axe-head.
'* llie large sword, which has not suf-
fered, or at least only in a slight degree^
from corrosion, and is of a metal more /
resembling bronze than iron, is 84i inches
in total loDgth. The hilt, from the cross-
piece to the to^ of the koob, is 5 inches.
The blade, which tvpen gradually to a
point, is 24 inches at its broadest part
near the hilt. Two ^stinct ribs or eleva-
tions run down the blade at about half-
an-inch from either edge. The cross-piece
is crescent-shaped, its end prqjecting about
half-an-inch f^om tbe blade^ and tending
forward about three-quarters of an inch.
The knob-piece is likewise crescent-shaped;
but the hollow of the revened crescent is
filled up by the knob, itself of etongated
form. The second aword is of Iron, with-
out the hilt, and greatly corroded. Ita
lenffth is about 80 inches, of which the
blade measures in inches about 26. It is
nngle-edged, and along the Uade, in two
linefl^ there runs an inlaid ornament, i^>-
parently composed c(t alternate inhering
of copper and gold, and about one-eighih
of an inch in toeadth. From some indica-
tions in some parts c(t tiie blade, we are
inclined to thiiik that on the upper side
oftheblade this line was doable. One of
the axes is what is called the taper-axe in
Anglo-Saxon documents— or at least it
bears a resemblanoe to the axes found in
Angk>-Saxon graves, though St is straight^'
not curved, as in An|^o-SaxoD spedmeni.
The other three azes^ one large and two
smaller, have a long falade extended parallel
to the direction of the shaft upwaras and
downwards. The blade of the largest one
is exactly 12 Smflies in the cutting-edge.
The mattock and pick reqaire no par-
ticular description, except that both are
exceedingly smalL The other two iron
instruments are formed of bars of iron
about half-an-inoh in diameter, squarc^ and
520
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Nor.
terminating in the one instance in a spear-
point at one end, and a gouge- shaped, or
rather spoon - shaped, formation at the
other; the other, which is about 18 inches
long, is pointed-shaped at one end, and
more obtnse at the other. The four
scythes are almost exactly alike. The
blade is straight, or nearly so, with a
right-angled crook to attach it to the
shaft. Each blade is about 16 inches long,
by half-an-inch in breadth. The large
iron ring and bockle may posably have
formed a portion of horse-famiture."
Dr. Charlton considered that the largeit
of the swords was of ScaucUnaTian origin,
and that the axes and scythes might be from
the same locality. Mr. White contended
that some of the implements were pro-
bably agricultural; and one at least seetiied
to him, from the bearing of the handle, to
have been a hoe, and not an axe.
YOEKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Oct. 2. At the monthly meeting of
this Society, T. Allis, Esq., in the chair,
the following gentlemen were balloted
for and admitted members, viz., — Colonel
Hamley, St. Mary's, York ; Dr. Qibson,
Bootham, York; Wm. Driffield, Esq,
York; the Rev. W. A. Wightman, St.
Mary's, York; and E. Graves, Esq,
Grove-terrace, York, F. N. Manning,
Esq., the Dispensary, York, was elected
an Associate.
The Rev. J. Kenrick, Curator of An-
tiquities, called the attention of the mem-
bers to the inscription on the monument
of Flavia Angustina, discovered at the
Mount near York, a copy of which is given
in our January number of this year. The
Rev. Dr. M'Caul, President of University
College, Toronto, having seen the inscrip-
tion, had suggested that the letter i.,
which stands immediately before LEO., had
formed part of the abbreviation pel
This may have stood either for Princeps
or Primipilaris, examples of both occurring
in inscriptions. The latter is perhaps the
more probable. The primipilaris was the
chief of the centurions, ranking imme-
diately below the tribunes, and of course
receiving larger pay than the rest of the
order. The monument in question, though
coarse in execution, must have been
costly, and we may conclude that Caere-
sius, who dedicated it to the memory of
his wife and children, was a person of
biglicr military rank than a common
soldier.
A sepulchral stone was lately discovered
in the cellar of St. Mary's Convent, with-
out Micklegat^-bar, a locality which has
furnished many similar monuments. In
the upper part the head of a yoong female
is sculptured, with a wreath on one side
and fruits on the other. The inscription is
D. M. DECIMnfAB DBOIMII VIUAS. The
stone is mutilated below, and the part
broken off has not been found. It pro-
bably contained the age of Dedmins* with
some expression of parental regret. The
names Decimus and Decima, Dedmius
and Decimia, are common in inscriptions ;
Deciminus is rare, but is found on a
monument at Lyons. See Chruter, ooclzzvi.
8. A denarius of Antoninus Pins, foond
in York, was presented, having on the
reverse the hgend yota bubcspta x, a
record of the decennalian vows under-
taken on behalf of the Emperor. A
colander of bronze was also presented,
found at Marston, probably Roman, al-
though the circumstiinoes of its discorery
have not been distinctly ascertained.
In the recent excavations on the shore
at Lendal, a leaden bulla was discovered,
bearing the inscription hokobius, p.p.
III. This Pope, whose pontiftcata ex-
tended from 1216 to 1226, is eonneeted
with the history of the fkhrio of York
Minster. Archbishop Walter do Qrey was
commencing the erection of the tran-
sept, fur which work large eontribntiona
were needed. To excite the liberaUty of
the pious, the Archbishop, the Deui aad
Chapter, the Penitentiary, and two of the
canons petitioned the Pope that Arch-
bishop William, wlio died about aefenty
years before, might be inscribed in the
catalogue of saints in the Chnrch militant^
on the ground, not only of his holy life
and conversation, but of the many mira*
cles wrought by him during his Ulb and
after his death. The letter of canoniia-
tion was issued from the Lateran od tha -
I860.]
Yorkshire Philosophical Society.
521
18th of March, 1226, "tied with a silken
string and a bulla." (Browne's "York
Minster," i. 52.) If the bulla lately found
be not the identical bulla originally af-
fixed to this document, it do doubt baa
issued from the same source. The collec-
tion of the Society contains bull© of
Nicolas III. and Gregory IX., the imme-
diate successor of Honorius III., which
correspond with this in style. In the
Journal of the Archajological Association,
(ii. 97,) is given a drawing of an iron
instrument used in stamping these bulla).
Mr. Corner, by whom it was exhibited,
does not say where it was obtained,
whether in England or at Rome. It is
called in the notice " an instrument used
iorforghuf pnpal bulls ;" but perhaps by
this word is only meant ' stamping* them.
No doubt such documents were sometimes
forged, in the legal sense ; but it is diffi-
cult to conceive how it could be proved
that this particular instrument was used
for forgery.
A leaden impression of the conventual
seal of the abbey of Hayles in Gloucester-
shire was also presenttd to the Society. It
was found in a field at Acaster Malbis, on
the banks of the Ouse, about twenty years
ago, but was thrown aside and only lately
brought again under the notice of the
occupant of the farm on which it was dis-
covered. In a note to the account of this
celebrated abbey, contained in Dr. Ban-
dinel's edition of the Monasticon, (5,687,)
it is said that " a matrix of the seal is in
existence, of which an impression is in the
hands of one of the editors of this work ;"
referring no doubt to Mr. Caley. The
note continues, "It represents a male
figure, supposed to be that of the founder,"
(Richard, Earl of Cornwall, second son of
King John, who was afterwards king of
the Romans and emperor of Germany,)
" standing upon a pedestal and having in
one hand a globe surmounted by a cross,
in the other a sceptre," (rather, a branched
rod). " The inscription is Sigilltjm Fba.-
TERNITATIS MONASTEBII BeATB MaBIB
DB Hayles. It was found in a potatoe
field, called Lowgarth, near Langrick on
the Ouse, in 1821." This drscription cor-
responds in every particular with the im«
pression found at Acaster. It is singular,
as Acaster and Langrick are near to each
other, and on the same bank of the Ouse,
that the matrix should have been found
at Langrick in 1821, and this impression
at Acaster some years later, neither place
having any known connection with Haylea.
Abbey. As it does not appear that Mr.
Caley possessed or had even seen the
matrix, it may be that his impression, and
that which has lately come to light at
Acaster, have been both derived from the
same source, neither of them being of any
high antiquity. The Acaster impression,
certainly, does not bear the marks of
havmg been long buried in the ground,
or exposed upon the surfitce. Perhaps
this notice may meet the eye of some one
who could give evidence of the discovery
of the matrix, or point out where it now
exists. In the account given of the dis-
covery in the Gbntlbmak's Magazikb,
(vol. xciL p. 545,) it is called a seal, not
a matrix, and is said to be of mixed or
bell metal. Like the Acaster impression,
it is described as being pierced through
the shaft, which accords better with a seal
than a matrix.
At the last meeting of the Council of
the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, the
secretary, Mr. Noble, read a letter from
the Town Clerk of York, accompanying
a drcular from the Home Office % in which
it is announced that the Lords of the
Treasury have authorised the payment to
finders of ancient coins, gold or silver
ornaments, or other relics of antiquity,
of the actual value of the articles, on their
being delivered up for the behoof of the
Crown, and desiring that if the finders
neglect or refuse to give them up, mea-
sures may be taken for their recovery,
and information may be forwarded to
him. The Council unanimously resolved
to present a memorial agunst the abofve
order, the execution of which would not
only prevent the formation or Increase of
locsd museums of archeology, but dis-
courage the efforts of those who might
be disposed to engage in antiquarian re-
searches.
• See GcvT. Mao., Oct. 1860, p. 385.
523 [Nov.
ContiEfponHenre of Sb^Xbnmi mtbmu
[^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable^ far
publication, but in order that a copy of the Gentleman's MAGAzm coniaimimg
their Communications may be forwarded to them.^
ARCHBISHOP HOLDEGATE'S PALL.
Mb. Ueba.n, — I had frequently been puzzled by an entry in Dr. Dacarel's
Excerpts from Cranmer's Register, which seemed to imply that on the
confirmation of Dr. Robert Holdegate as Archbishop of York, Cranmer^
who was at that time not in communion with the Court of Rome, had de-
livered to the Archbishop elect a pall, the garment which, daring the
greater part of the Middle Ages, was understood to be a sign of the
plenitude of metropolitan power, and as such was only bestowed by the
Pope. The question naturally suggested itself. Whence did Cranmer get
this pall, or authority to bestow it ? Theoretically it ought to have come
from contact with the body of St. Peter himself. Had he ventured on
a parody of the Papal rite? or was the pall he delivered something
entirely different from the Roman? or, finally, was not the whole entry
a misapplication, taken from the ancient forms by some ignorant copyist ?
The other day, having an opportunity by Mr. Knyvett's kindness, I
copied out the original record from the Register, and as it is no doubt
unique, for no other archbishop, for the last thousand years, has ever
ventured on such an act except as the Pope's delegate, I transmit to you
a copy, in the hope that it may interest some of your ecclesiastical and
antiquarian readers. I believe that it has never been printed, even if it
has been noticed before. The ceremony took place Jan. 16, 1545» in
Lambeth chapel, in the presence of the Archbishop, and the Bishops of
Westminster and Chichester, and Mr. Antony Ruse, Registrar. The oath
taken on the occasion is printed in Wilkins's Concilia. The entry occurs
in the Register, folio 309 : —
Orationes ante Benedictioneh Paliu.
Salvum fac servum Tuum :
Deus Meus, &c.
Mitt« ei Domine, &c.
Et de Syon, &c.
Dominus vobiscum.
Oremus.
Deus Pater et Pastor Ecclesiaa Triumphantis, famulum Tuum quem pastcnsm
ecclesiae Tuas militanti prseesse voluisti, propitius respice, Da ei verbo et ezemplo
quibus prssest ita proficere, ut ad illorum oonsortium quomm vkeni geril in
I860.] Archbishop Holdegates Pall. 528
terris, unk cum grege sibi credito, yaleat feliciter penrenire, per Christund
Dominum nostrum.
BsKXDicno Pallii.
Adjutorium nostrum, &o.
Qui fecit coelum, &c.
Sit nomen Domini, &c.
Ex hoc, &c.
Oremus.
Simune ver^ Sacerdos ac Sterne Pontifez, Domine Jesu, ft quo omnia honor et
potestas principium obtinet et effectum, benedicere et sanottficaie digneris hoc
pontificalis dignitatis plenitudinis insigne, ut quicumque tali prseditus honoris
signo, in ministerio sacro ad Uudem et gloriam Nominis Tui, eis in oonspeetu
populi Tui usus fuerit^ hoc in ejus dign^ splendeat actabus quod prsBmiis re-
mimeretur aatemis, Qui vivis, &o.
Atperg<aur aqua in hoc verba: Ab ipso sanctifioetur hoc insigne in eajus
honore instituitur, In Nomine Patris, &e.
Traditio PaUii.
Ad honorem Dei Patris Omnipotentis, Filii et SpiritAs Saneti, Xntemerataeque
Virginis MarisB et totius coelestis ezercitCis, ac illustrissimi et serenissimi in
Ohristo principis et domini nostri, Domini Henrici Octavi, &o., cni soli et nulli
alii obedientiam et fidelitatem debes et exhibuisti, in decus Eoclesin An^^canss
ac MetropolitansB Eoclesiie Eboracensis tibi oommissss, tradimns Ubi Pallium in
plenitudine Pontificalis dignitatis, ut eo utaris in divinis celebrandis, infrft
Ecclesiam Tuam et omnibus diebus ab antique usitatis. Aocipe igitnr, ftater
charissime, e manibus nostris pallium hoc humeris tuis impodtum, summi, yis.
sacerdotii Domini Nostri Je«n Christi signum, per quod undique yallatus atque
munitus yaleas hostis human! temptamentis Tiriliter resistere et uniTersas ejus
insidias solerter et penetialibus cordis tui divino suffiiltus munimine^ proeul
abjicere, pnestante eodem Domino nostro Jesu Ohristo, qui cum Spiritu Saneto
in Unitate Patris viyit et regnat per omnia Siscula SsBCulormn, dee.
Oratio post Traditionem Pallii.
Deus, qui de excelso coalorum habitacnlo oorda fidelium, Spiritus Saneti gratia
cooperante, corroborando illustras^ ArduprsBsulem hunc quem Sanotitatis Pallio
decorasti, Yirtutum coelestium robore confirma, et gratin Tun superfluentis rore
copiose asperga, ut ejus exemplo pariter et documento fiunuli Tui derus et
populus ea commissus, iter Titso ingredi et cum eo regni tni oonsodi fieri
mereantur, per Dominum Nostrum.
On this document I have to remark, first, that the forms of the prayers
before and on delivery of the pall are almost identical with those customarily
used on like occasions, which will be found in Maskell's Man. BU*^ lii.
299, &c.; the peculiarity consists in the Benedietio JPaUii; of which I
have no means of judging whether it is a copy of the order used by the
popes or an original composition. Secondly, that no one ought to take
o£fence, as if Granmer had been doing a piece of hypocrisy in this act, or
a mere mockery of a ceremony which he had no right to celebrate. I will
refer to De Marc&, lib. vi. c. 7, from which place it will be seen that tha
pall was not in its original use a sacerdotd, but an imperial robe, that it
was bestowed first by the emperors only, and afterwards by the popes with
524 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban. * [NoV,
their permission, or with the permission of the kings of France on French
bishops, and that the use of it as a sign of the plenitude of metropolitan
dignity was much later than the original custom of bestowing it as a dis-
tinction of honour or compliment. Tiiirdly, that Cranmer seems to have
acted on the occasion, consciously or unconsciously, as the '* alterius orbis
apostolicus et patriarcha." (Eadmer, Vit, S. Anselmi, ii. 4.)— I am, &c.
Navestock, Oct. 12, 1860. William Stubbs.
TILTEY ABBEY, ESSEX.
Mb. TJkban,— Will you allow me to offer you a brief description of
a monastic house in Essex which, Ijring somewhat remote from the high
road, is not often visited ? Tiltey Abbey, distant four miles from Great
Dunmow, and one from Great Easton, affords a beautiful specimen of De-
corated architecture; the details are remarkably elegant. It is difficult
to imagine that the present edifice was the church belonging to the abbey,
inasmuch as its ground-plan is a simple parallelogram, and not cruciform ;
it seems more likely that the existing building was, as has been conjectored
by some writers, the chapel to the hospital for strangers at the abbey
gate. Be this as it may, it now forms the parish church of Tiltey, and
with the exception of a large portion of grouted wall, from which the
ashlar stones have been removed, constitutes all that remains of the con-
ventual buildings. The west front and greater portions of the side walls
are Early English in character, with very deeply splayed windows. The
original side walls do not appear to have extended further in an eastern
direction, as the Early English piscina, &c., remain almost entire on the
south side ; immediately next to which commences the additional portions of
the church, which consist of Decorated work of the finest character. Ex«
ternally, this eastern portion has a fine bold buttress at each of the angles,
each buttress containing a niche which is partly in it and partly in the
eastern wall of the church. That wall itself, up to the stringcourse, oon«
sists of squared stone and flint, chequered alternately, above which rises
the beautiful eastern window of five lights, the flattened gable of the
building being surmounted by a stone cross of exquisite design and in
good preservation. On the north and south sides of the chancel are
windows of equal beauty and design, but less magnitude ; and within the
chancel are sedilia and a piscina of corresponding excellence. On entering
the church the visitor's attention is arrested by a venerable gravestODe, on
which is a small brass plate with the following inscription : —
" Abbas famofios, bonus et vivendo probatos
In Thakely natus, qui jacet hie tomulatus
Thomas dictatas qui Xpo fit sociatus
Rite gubemavit istnmqae locum p'amavit."
9
I860.] Ttltey Abbey, Essex. 525
Thakely Street, as it is called, the birth-place of this worthy abbot, is
about six miles distant, and stands on the present and Roman road from
Bishop's Stortford to Dunmow. Judging from the character of the inscrip-
tion, it seems probable that Abbot Thomas lived in the fifteenth century.
Eastward of this slab hes another of very interesting character. The
matrices, once deeply filled with brass, shew a beautiful cross of early
design extending over the slab, around which, and between fillets, can
still be read the inscription, in Longobardic capitals, similar to those on
the gravestone of Jone de Kobeham, in Cobham Church, Kent; it is as
follows : —
"MaHATTD : DE MOBTBMSB : GIST : Yd : IlSU : PUB :
Sa SB(w?)efITE : BMI8EBIC0BDB : DB SA : ALME : BIT : MBBOT :"
There are three other brasses (all of which seem to have been brought
from other parts of the church) within the communion-rails, one on each
side of the chancel. That on the south side represents a knight in armour
with his lady, habited in the costume of the sixteenth century ; at their feet
are ^ye sons and six daughters. On the slab are four shields of arms, two
at top and two at bottom, with the following inscription : —
*'Hic jacet sepultus cum Conjuge Maria Gerardns Danet de Bronkynsthorp in
Comitatu Lecestrie Armiger et serenissimi Reg^ Henrici octavi Consiliarios. Obiit
anno a Christi nato Quingentesimo tx? die mensis Maii quarto et aDno predicU Regis
Henrici xv^ quor aib^ propicietar Deos Amen."
Weever states '* that Bruntingthorpe, neare to Leicester, hath long been
the habitation of the antient familie of Dannet, who beareth Sable, guttle
argent, a canton ermine ;** and such bearing appears among the quarterings
on some of the shields on the brass on the north side of the chancel,
whereon is pourtrayed the effigy of a knight in armour, with his head
resting on his helmet, his hands conjoined in prayer, and his feet cased in
broad-toed soUerets. By his side is his lady in Elizabethan costume, her
dress open in front, and a pomander hanging down almost to her feet.
Below are the figures of three boys and two girls. There are also three
shields of arms, on some of which, as previously stated, the arms of Dannet
appear. What relationship existed between the families must be left for
better heralds and genealogists than the writer to explain.
The inscription on the second brass is as follows : —
" Here under lyeth buryed w*» Mary hys wyfe, George Medeley of Tyltey, in the
County e ol Essex, Esquier, which deceysed the one and twenty eth daye of Maye, In
the yere of oure Lord God one thowsand fyve hundreth threescore and two, and in
the fowcr and fyfteth yere of hya age."
The last brass to be described lies nearly in the centre of the chancel,
close to the communion-table : it represents a lady kneeling at a faldstool ;
on her right are three sons, to her left as many daughters, and beneath
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. 8 b
626 Correspondence of Sylvanus Urtan. [Nov.
three children in swaddling clothes, typical of their deaths in infancy.
Above the lady's head are three shields of arms, and the words —
" Christns mihi vita
Mors mihi lucmm."
Beneath we read, —
" Here lyeth buryed the body of Margaret Take, wife unto George Toke^ of Layer
Marney in the County of Essex, Esquier, who deceased the 25 day of October,
Anno Dommi 1590."
Such are the brasses in the abbey church of Tiltey, and well are they
worth a pilgrimage for the purpose of obtaining rubbings of them. Your
pages, Mb. Ubban, may not be occupied with long digests of the MonoM-
ticon, Morant*s valued tome, Britton, and other writers, for information
which may readily be obtained respecting the subject of this paper, neither
is it my purpose to do more than chronicle generally the things of antiquity
which still remain for the inspection of the antiquary, but yet we may
scarcely leave the consideration of Tiltey Abbey without informing the
general reader that it was an abbey of White, or Cistercian monks, founded,
according to Camden, by Maurice Fitzgilbert in the twelfth century, that
it lasted until the year 1535, when in the chapter-house, of which do relic
is now to be traced, John Palmer, the last abbot, resigned for ever the
pastoral-staff with which he had presided over the monastery of the Blessed
St. Mary of Tiltey. The common seal of the abbey, in the finest possible
preservation, is in the possession of St. John's College, Cambridge, and
capital impressions of it may be obtained from that well-skilled seal-col-
lector, Mr. Reddy of Lowestoft. It is circular in form, and represents the
Virgin with the Child Jesus standing under a gorgeous canopy, while the
abbot and five attendant monks in the monastery are singing praises in
their names ; around is the legend, —
" Sigillum Commune Monasterii BeatsB Maria de lYltey."
I am, &c. C. S.
SYNAGOGUES AT ORLEANS AND ESTABTPES.
Mb. Ubban, — Rigordus, the biographer at Orleans and Estampes, the dtlaemv
of Philip Augustus, tells ns that, in the following the zeal of their king, not only
year 1183, that king drove the Jews out had the Jews' synagognes oontecrated as
of liis dominions, and had their synagogues chnrches, bat endowed them as ooUegiate
consecrated as churches in honour of churches: —
Christ and St. Mary :— "H^us ad exemplum AureliaiMnflei
"EasdemsynagogasecclesiasDeodedi- P^'l? mducti, caput suum, Le. Bmm
can fecit, et ad honorem Domini nostri \™**^* cupientee, m ecdetiA qpm quondam
Jesu Christi et beat© Dei genitricis et ^^^rebanii ftierat synsgoga, prsBbeiidM
virginis Mariffi, in iisdem altaria conse- Pfrpetno insti^enmt, u\n dena ordinati
crari prsBcepit."— (p. 166, ed. Frankfort, Sf® ^ ^^^^ divina odebrant offiaa pro
l^QQ\ Rege ct pro omm Chnstiaiio popmlo ei
pro statu ipdus regni Franoomm. Simili
He goes on especially to mention that modo in Eoded4 Stampensit qnm ftiefmt
I860.]
Synagogues at Orleans and Estampes.
527
synagoga, factum fuisse vidimus." — (lb.,
p. 167.)
Many of your readers will doubtless
remember Mr. Scott's most interesting
description of the medisoval synagogue
still in use at Prague. That is a four-
teenth century building. It is clear that
those synagogues of the twelfth century
could not have been inferior to it; for
buildings which were thought worthy of
being consecrated as churches, and one of
them of being endowed as a collegiate
church in the second city of the King's
immediate dominions, must have been
structures of some size and some architec-
tural merit.
The question now arises, Are any re-
mains of these synagogues to be found
among the existing churches of Orleans
and Estampes ? On this point I shall be
glad of any information from those who
are versed in the ecclesiastical history of
those towns.
I do not know whether we are bound
to infer from the words of Rigordus that
all the synagogues received the particular
dedication of St. Mary — Gallic^ Ndtre
Dame. His expression would be literally
satisfied by an altar of St. Mary in each,
though the church itself had some other
dedication. Still it is among churches called
ydtre Dame that we should most naturally
look for the converted synagogues.
Estampes has four very good churches,
all containing portions, greater or smaller,
as old or older than 1183. But we must
observe that the phrase of Rigordus is not
merely " a church at Estampes," but " the
church of Estampes" — "Ecclesia Stam-
peiisis, qu8B ftierat synagoga." ** Ecdesia
Stampensis" is a common formula for the
chief church of a town, cathedral, collegi-
ate, or conventual. I cannot help think-
ing that this "Ecclesia Stampensis, qus9
fuerut synagoga" means the present church
of N6tre Dame at Estampes, which is
much the largest of the four. It is a most
extraordinary building, both in outline and
ground-plan, and I remember, puzzled me
not a little, though certainly no notion of
its possible Hebrew origin presented itself
to me. The greater part must be later
than 1183, but, as £eu* as I remember,
there is a good deal which must be older.
It would be worth while to examine it
minutely, in order to resolve this special
point, whether this church be not really
the old synagogue of the twelfth century
recast and enlarged in the thirteenth. Of
course I only throw this out as a hint to
those who are better versed in the local
history of Estampes than I am. But I
may remark that the parts which look
oldest have a most unusually military look.
Defence would naturally be a very impor-
tant consideration in the days of its He-
brew occupation.
The other three churches at Estampes
are less likely to be the one we want.
St. BasU and St. Giles (called by Mr. Petit
St. Jules) are fine cross churches; St.
Martin has a most beautiful Transitional
apse with radiating chapels. But none
of them present anything like the singu-
larities of N6tre Dame, and I can hardly
think that any one of them was the ** Ec-
clesia Stampenus."
Of the churches of Orleans I know less;
I have notes of three only, no one of which
is called N6tre Dame. But we must ob-
serve that Rigord does not speak of "Ec-
clesia Aurelianensis" like '* Eodeda Stam-
pensis." The synagogue did not» as at
Estampes, become the principal church of
the city. We must not look for our syna-
gogue either in the cathedral church of
St. Cross or in the (I believe) conventual
church of St. Anian. The only other
church I know in Orleans is one with the
odd name of St. Pierre le Puellier; but
doubtless there are, or at any rate have
been, many others; and probably soma
local antiquary may be able to identify
the missing synagogue. — I am, &&,
Edwabd a. Fbssmajt.
Somerleate, Wellt,
Oct. 18, 1860.
528
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Nov.
EPISCOPAL NAMES IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY.
Mb. Ubbak, — Although I have declared
an intention of leaving " The Writer in
the 'National Review"' to himself, I shall
be glad if yoa will allow me room for some
remarks on the letter of ** W. 8. N."
Your correspondent appears to have
made episcopal names an object of especial
study, and I should be very glad to profit
by his lessons; but, unfortunately, they are
much too advanced for me. He argues in
a way which I am unable to follow; he
draws distinctions which I cannot appre-
hend; he uses illustrations of which I
cannot sec the pertinency. In one case,
(that of Herbert, bishop of Norwich,) he
lays down, as if it were settled and gene-
rally acknowledged, an opinion which is
altogether new to me; in another case,
(that of Ralph, bishop of Durham,) he
intimates that everybody is supposed to
be acquainted with something which I
cannot possibly g^ess at; but in neither of
these instances does he tell us anything of
the g^unds on which his opinion rests, and
in the second of them, he does not even
hint what it is that we are expected to be-
lieve. I am quite willing to take on my*
self the whole blame of my inability to un-
derstand his letter, but I really must ven-
ture to ask for some explanations.
" Of all the bishops of the century, down
to 1162," says "W.S.N," "only Henry
Murdac, Archbishop of York, and Walter
Durdent, Bishop of Lichfield, have names
similar to Beckct. All the rest, with the
exception of the Peches and Pfolliotts,
bore either patronymics, territorial names,
or nicknames , . . Peche is, however, on the
roll of Battle Abbey; Ffolliott is also a
Conquest family; Murdac appears under
the form of Filius Murdac on another an-
cient roll of the Conqueror's followers."
Wbat is the distinction in kind between
the names Murdac, Durdent, and Becket,
on the one hand, and the names Peche and
Ffolliott, on the other ? Before reaching
the end of the paragraph, I supposed it to
be that Peche and Ffolliott came into Eng-
land at the Conquest, and that the others
were somewhat later ; and if such had been
the meaning, I might have asked how this
could prove, or help to prove, that the
name of Becket did not belong to Thomas
of Canterbury. But then we are told that
Murdac, too, appears among the names of
the Conqueror's followers, so that I am
quite at a loss what to make of the pas-
sage. And there are other puxzUng things
in it. How, for example, is it known that
Durdent (which seems to mean hard-
tooth) belongs to the class of surnames
rather than to that of nicknames ? And is
not Murdac, in the combination FiUut
Murdac, a Christian name rather than a
surname ?
May I also ask why " W. S. N.*» writes
the name FoUot in the fiuluon which I
have copied above P Some years ago I
applied to " Notes and Queries" for an ex*
planation of the^ which some persons are
pleased to substitnte for J^as the initial of
their sumsmes, and the result, as gathered
from several answers, was as I had ex*
pccted, — that the practice has arisen out
of a misunderstanding of MS. docoment^
in which the capital J* has the Ibrm of two
small letters. From this it wonld seem to
follow, 1. that in printing, and in any
kind of written hand which poMtaifs a
distinct form of the capital F, tbe^ ought
not to be used; and 2. that for the oomhi-
nation of a small letter with the eapital
there cannot be even that fklse appearance
of MS. authority which has led to tlie use
of the initial ff.
I need not here re-state my gromids
for believing that the surname of Becket
is rightly given to the Archbishop. Bat
I am unable to follow <* W.&N.** in one
of the most important points c^ his parallel
between "St. Thomas and St Edmond.**
For, although " both were jetted from the
Calendar by Henry VIII.," sorely there
was such a difference as to the manner of
their ejection as entirsly to destroy the
likeness. Reverence for Edmond was no
conspicuous part of the ijjstem whidi
Henry VIII. attacked; his shrioe at Poo-
tigny, — even if it was then better worth
rubbing than it is in our own time, when it
has fallen into a wretched state of decay, —
was beyond the reach of the Engti^ king's
rapacity; and his name (in soihr as I know)
I860.] Episcopal Names in the Twelfth Century.
529
was merely swept away from the Calendar
among a multitude of others. But I
need not say that the ejection of "St.
Thomas" was a very marked and special
thing; and on this account it is that I
should wish to speak of him under some
designation which may not have the ap-
pearance of partisanship on the side either
of the Roman Church or of the king.
When "W.S. N." tells us that "no one
ever talks or writes of Archhishop Rich,"
I might meet him with the question.
Did any one thirty years ago talk or write
of " St. Thomas of Canterbury" ? But it
is more important to point out that
" W. S. N." seems here to admit modern
usage as a guide for us in such matters ;
which is precisely what I had supposed
him, in common with " The Writer in the
•National Review,'" most especially to
deny.
" Of course," your correspondent goes on,
" if it be an inconvenient affectation to call
a man by the name which he bore among
his contemporaries, no further discussion
is needed." I must take the liberty of
saying that the flippant misrepresentation
contained in this sentence is more worthy
of "The Writer in the 'National Review'"
than of such an opponent as I really be-
lieve " W. S. N." to be. He cannot but
know that I have never maintained, as a
general proposition, that which he here
imputes to me. But I said, and still think,
that if the surname of Becket really be-
longed to the Archbishop, it would be an
iuconvcnient affectation to deny ourselves
the use of it on the ground that his con-
temporaries preferred to speak of him by
his official title. It would be an affecta-
tion, as being a needless departure from
the common practice of later writers; and
it would be inconvenient, because it would
deprive us of a means of marking his indi-
viduality and of introducing some variety
of designation into narratives of his life.
So opposite, indeed, is my own feeling on
such matters to that of your other two
correspondents, that, if I had believed the
surname of Becket to be wrongly given, I
should, after stating this once for all, have
held myself at full liberty to make use of
the name, as being that by which the
Archbishop is commonly known in history.
If the contrary principle were to be en-
forced, we should be forbidden to speak of
Chryaostom or of Charlemagne ; we should
hardly be allowed to speak of Aboard by
any other name than Peter, Nay, the
title of Saint (which your correspondents
are so much disposed to insist on in the
case of Thomas of Canterbury) must be
refused, not only to him, but to every one
else who bears it. Indeed, there is no
knowing to what extravagant lengths this
kind of purism may be carried ; perhaps
we may next be forbidden to speak of Lord
Macaulay's writings, on the ground that
at the time of thtir ori^nal publication
the author's contemporaries knew him
and spoke of him only as a commoner.
I am, as has been already intimated,
unable to understand how "W. S. N.V*
examples of "the absurd mistakes into
which the practice of modernizing sur-
names has led able writers" can serve to
illustrate the question whether Archbishop
Thomas ought to be spoken of under the
name of Becket. But, as some of the
names which he mentions have an interest
for me, I am glad that he has added these
examples, whether relevant or otherwise.
"When," asks your correspondent, "shall
we have heard for the last time of Arch-
bishop Roger of Bishopsbridge, i.e. Pont
TEvfeque ?" I beg leave to say that from
me, at least, no one has ever heard of
"Bbhopsbridge" in connection with Roger,
except for the purpose of pointing out that
the name is a mistake, (" Becket," p. 20.)
But I must confess that the next instance
of error, — ** Bishop Sawbridge, i.e. John of
Pontoise, LalM Pontiserra or Pontisara,"
— awakens uncomfortable recollections in
me. Not that I have ever spoken of John
of Pontoise under the name of Sawbridge
or any other name ; but in connexion with
the mention of a certain Abbot Walter, I
have, in a book which it is not likely that
" W. S. N." has ever done me the honour
of looking at, translated Pontisara by
Pont-Ithre, No doubt the same blunder
had been made before me by some of my
betters, such as Gieseler (Kirchen^e-
schichte, II. ii. 15,) and the Dean of St.
Paul's, (Latin Christianity, iiL 148). Bnt
530
Correspondence of Syhantu Urbane
[Nov.
it was the less excusable in me, because I
had observed the position of Pontisara in
one of Sprnner's maps, and ought to have
identified it with Pontoise; and I am
thankful for your correspondent's correc-
tion, although it was not meant for me,
and although my fault was different from
that which he speaks of.
Passing over the blunder as to " Bar-
lowinwac," which does not concern me,
we come to the statement that " Herbert
de Losinga (i. e. of Lorraine) is construed
to have received that name from his pro-
pensity to leasing or glozing." Here
there are two things which are new to
me, — the prefix de, and the information
that de Losinga means "of Lorraine."
After looking into a good many old au-
thorities, I have been unable to find the
de in any one of them, although from
Mr. Thorpe's index to Florence of Wor-
cester we might suppose that it occurred
in that writer's Chronicle. Unless, there-
fore, " W. S. N." can not only shew good
authority for the de, but explain the
absence of that particle in the old works
where it does not appear, I do not see
how Losinga can mean Lorraine or any
other country. William of Malmesbury
(§ 338, ed. Hardy) quotes some verses
beginning, —
" Surgit in ecclesia monstnim, grenitore losinga,**
where the word looks much as if it were
intended to signify the father's nation;
and if so, Herbert must have borne it in
right of his father only, unless it be com-
patible with the statement that he was him-
self bom " in pago Oxymensi," {Barthol,
de Cotton, in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i.
3S9,) L e. in the district of Auge, in Nor-
mandy. But what proof is there that
Losinga was equivalent either to Lotha-
ringia or to Lotharingus ? Ducange and
his editors know of no other meaning for
the word than that which is given by the
Bishop's contemporaries, Florence of Wor-
cester (ii. 33) and William of Malmes-
bury (I. c), as well as by the later me-
diaeval writers, who all deduce it from
Herbert's propensity to flattery. And if
it be wrong to follow these authorities in
connecthig it >%-ith the Italian lusingare,
the mistake is, at least, not one of those
absurdities into which ''the practice of
modernizing surnames has led able
writers."
" On the same piindple," your corre-
spondent continues, "Ralph Flambard's
name was explained/' and, of course, we
are left to infer that such an explanation
is another absurd instance of moderniz-
ing. In order to place before the reader
all that I know about the matter, I may
quote a note which was published some
years ago : —
"It has been questioned whether he
was called Flambard {firebrand) on ac-
count of his character, since he figures
under that name in Domesday Book
(p. 51) as a possessor of land in Hamp-
shire before the Conquest, (Lappenberg,
ii 167 ; Foss. i. 63.) But Anselm [his own
contemporary] says, 'Propter cmdelita-
tem similem flammsB comburenti pne-
nomine Flambardus,' (Ep. iv. 2) ; and it
would seem from Orderic (iiL 311» ed.
Le Prevost) that the name was given to
him as characteristic before he attained
power."
Here, agiun, the explanation, true or
false, is carried back tp the man's own
time. But may I ask (^though " W.SJ^."
seems to write as if we ought all to know)
what is the right view as to this name ?
Does it mean any things and, if so, what f
Or, if it is an ordinary unmeaning sor*
name, what is the difference in kind be-
tween it and Becket or Murdac, Fidie
or " FfolHott" ?
Lastly, may I venture to beg for n more
distinct reference to the " well-iiiformed
German historian" who "describes the
conqueror of Culloden as called Duke of
Cumberland from his excessive corpn-
lency?" That there it such an histo-
rian I take for granted, on yoor cor-
respondent's authority. But I must
doubt whether the epithet "well-in-
formed" can be deserved by a German
who, having undertaken to write about
any English subject, was ignorant that
Cumberland is the name of a ooittitj
which has given a title to many of oar
princes; more especially if he wrote once
the time when it began to be evident that
the Dukes of Cumberland would in all
I860.] Episcopal Names in the Twelfth Century,
581
probability inherit the German kingdom
which they have now held for almost a
quarter of a century.
I am extremely sorry to take np so
much of your space ; but if " W.S.N.'s"
letter had not been so enigmatically
short, my own would not have been so
long ; and I trust that he will now give
the information which I have asked for in
such a form as to spare me the necessity
of troubling you any further. — I am, &c.
J. C. BOBEBTSON.
Precincts, Canterbury,
[Stlvantts Ubban has received several
communications respecting the letter from
Canon Robertson which appeared in the last
number, all complaining of the manner in
which Mr. Freeman's name is used, as an
unfair introduction of personal questions
into the controversy. If it was an error
to have admitted into the pages of the
Gentleman's Magazine such observa-
tions as were contained in that letter, he
was led into it solely by a desire to be
thoroughly impartial, and as the name of
a gentleman well known to the literary
world was appended to the letter, he passed
over with greater leniency what might
have been, if it had been strictly judged,
regarded as a breach of literary etiquette,
and would have been refused insertion.
Sylvanus Ubban quite agrees with one
of his correspondents, that Canon Robert-
son ought not to expect an admission
or denial from Mr. Freeman, as to his
being the author of any or all of the
articles assigned to him, nor that any
conclusions ought to be drawn from Mr.
Freeman's silence, because the latter may
justly refrain from a correspondence which
cjin only, in the eyes of most persons, sin
still further against the laws of literary
etiquette.
Whether the principle of anonymous
reviews furthers the cause of literature or
otherwise, Syltanus Ubban is not called
upon to give his opinion, but he must
admit that when an article is written
anonymously it is not fair to the writer
to attribute that article, whether rightly
or wrongly, to any one by name publicly.
And now having had an opportunity of
looking into the matter, he quite agrees
with those correspondents who have written
on the subject, that the introduction of Mr.
Freeman's name, in connection with any
other writings than his letter to the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, was totally uncalled
for. In the article referred to in the
"Saturday Review" (which is on Mr.
Morris' book) Canon Robertson's name
occurs only by a passing allusion, and in
the " Edinburgh Review" he is not, so far
as Syltanus has observed, mentioned
at alL
The letter, too, about Northampton
Castle, which is the only communication
having Mr. Freeman's name attached to
it, is on a different subject to that touched
upon by any of the reviews mentioned by
Canon Robertson. And therefore Syltanus
Ubban quite thinks that it was an error
on the part of Canon Robertson to intro-
duce such matters when the controversy
might well have stood on its own merits.
With regard to the general question
whether the use of surnames had become
general so early as the twelfth century,
Syltanus Ubban is too well aware how
much the opinion of the learned is divided
upon it, to venture on any decision. He is
quite content to leave it to be discussed by
such very competent persons as Canon
Robertson and W. S. N., whom he has rea-
son to know to be one of the most learned
persons in England in such branches of
study. It would be difficult to find three
other persons so well informed in the his-
tory of the twelfth century as Canon
Robertson, W. S. N., and E. A. Freeman.
He is anxious that the discusuon should
be continued, and he hopes it may be
carried on without acrimony and person-
ality.]
532
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Not,
PAINTED GLASS AT SHELTON CHURCH, NOEPOLK.
Mb. Ubban, — A remote church in Nor-
folk, which I recently visited, contains
some punted glass to which it may be
worth while to call the attention of those
of yoor readers who are amateurs of that
species of art, as there is not much of the
same character existing in situ in this
country. The church of Shelton, situated
about twelye miles south of Norwich, is a
handsome building, erected by Sir Half
Shelton about 1490, principally of brick,
with a light clerestory extending the
whole length of the church, and two aisles,
also reaching as far as tbe east end of the
chancel. The three eastern windows — of
the chancel and two aisles — are all filled
with stained glass ; but the window which
especially attracted my notice is at the
east end of the south aisle : it is small and
filled with Perpendicular tracery, by which
the lower part is divided into two lights.
In these lights, under canopies of Ootbic
work very freely treated after the Qerman
manner, are two portraits in a kneeling
attitude. On the left is a man in a
crimson robe Uned with fur; on the right
a lady in the angular head-tire worn in
the reign of Henry YIII., and a dress the
prevailing colour of which is also crimson.
There is no desk or book in front of
either, but a shield of arms before each,
with helmet, mantling, and crest. The
arms indicate the subjects of tbe portraits
to be Sir John Shelton, Ent., who died in
1539, and his wife Anne, who was daughter
of Sir William Boleyn, and aunt of tbe
queen her namesake, and died in December,
1556. Below are some other shields of
arms of the Shelton family and its allies,
and scrolls with inscriptions.
That which is singular about this window
is still to bo mentioned : it is the exqui-
site skill with which the figures, and es-
pecially the heads, are executed. The
female head has been a little injured, but
it exhibits a remarkably handsome face
very delicately pourtrayed. The head of
the man is perfect and uninjured by time,
and is worthy of tbe pendl of Holbein.
10
The portraits would appear, from tbe
character of tbe work, to have been exe-
cuted in Germany, from careful drawings
made for the purpose frt)m the life. The
German origin of the work is frurther
shewn by the peculiar treatment of the
heraldry. The helmets face one another.
The shield of Sir John bears the anna of
Shelton, Azure, a plain cross or, and for
a crest, instead of the Moor's head which
is the proper crest of the family, a pair
of wings sable, each charged with three
roses or. The lady's shield, instead of
bearing the arms of Bnllen (Argent, a
chevron gpiles between three bollB' heads
sable) for its entire charge, has this coat
upon an inescutcheon, occupying theg^reater
part of the shield, and ooveriog what ap-
pears to be an inverted branch of a tree;
and the helmet has for its crest a tree.
I can only account for the apparent incor-
rectness of the heraldry by supposing tliat
the artifit was furnished with an imperfect
drawing, and was too fiir from his em-
ployers to obtain fhller information,
I do not remember to have observed
any German glass of the sixteenth century
in its original position in any other Eng-
lish church. Probably other examples
may be known to some of your readers.
The admirable drawing of the present
work, and its interest also, as containing
a portrait of one fr^m whom the unfor-
tunate mother of Queen Elizabeth pro-
bably derived her name, and who seems
to have had no small share of that here-
ditary gift of beauty which proved so fiital
to her niece, has induced me to think it
worthy of mention in your pages.
In Blomefield and Purkins* ** Histoiy of
Norfolk," there is an account of the family
of the ancient lords of Shelton, and some
description of the church, hat no e^iecial
mention of this window. It is remarkaUe
that the principal east window of tbe
chancel also contains figures of Sir John
Shelton and his wife, in surooats of tbe
arms of Shelton and Bullen, and also of
his father Sir Ralf Shelton, the fomider of
I860.]
Anglo-Saxon Belies, Kent,
533
the church, and his wife Margaret Clere.
These figures are of ordinary design, and
apparently of English workmanship.
I may mention, hc'fore cloeing my letter,
that the historian of this part of the
county of Norfolk, in his account of the
Shelton family, refers to a curious MS.
"formerly kept at Shelton Hall, which
had a drawing of the house in it, and the
arms of such families as the Sheltons
married into." By a singular coincidence,
a few days after visiting Shelton, I met
with this very MS. at Norwich, in the
possession of the Rev. J. Matchett. It is
a square volume in vcUum, contuning, at
the commencement, a view of the old hall,
huilt hy Sir Ralf Shelton, the founder of
the church, and in its subsequent pages
nearly a hundred well-executed coats of
arms, apparently p^ted at the end of the
sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth
century. The first coat is, Quarterly,
1 and 4, azure, a cross or, 2 and 3, sable,
three escallops argent, which is described
as "Shelton his antient coate quartered
with his coate by Conquest." Opposite
to this is a shield of the first of tbe above
coats, with supporters, two white talbots,
tbe crest a Saracen's head oouped at the
shoulders, and the motto " Uhbvbb and
Thol." The following explanation is
written above, " The Cittie called Andri-
nople, distxnt 250 miles from Constanti-
nople, beareth this Coate of Armes, from
whence Shelton had them by Conquest,
and therefore g^veth the Head." Can any
of your readi-rs suggest a meaning for the
motto ? In an old paper note pinned into
the book the motto is said to have been
"since found to be Cheewo/mte and ThoU,**
which, to me, is no more intelligible than
the other. — I am, &c..
FbAKCIS NlOHOIiS.
157, Westhowme-terrace,
Sept, 19, 1860.
ANGLO-SAXON RELICS, KENT.
Mb. Ukbak, — Some valuable Anglo-
Saxon relics, recently found at Sarr Mill,
Tlianet, having come under my notice^ I
induced the possessor to exhibit them to
the Council of the Kent Archseological
Society, at their meeting held in Canter-
bury a short time since. Having the
sanction of the President to make an
ofi'er to their nominal owner, subject of
course to the right and permission to re-
tain them, I was in hopes they would
have been preserved for the county in
which they were discovered : in this I fear
I have been disappointed.
I venture to give you a description,
trusting the same may not prove unin-
teresting to your readers, and to anti-
quaries in general.
in August last, in chalk land at Sarr,
about six feet below tbe surface, some
workmen, in excavating the soil for the
erection of a steam-engine, found the fol-
lowing relics : — A fibula, a bulla, four gold
coins or medals, a large and symmetrical
bronze bowl, a metal pin, bead of ame-
thystine quartz, necklace of beads of amber
and of coloured clays, iron weapons, metal
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
clasp of large purse, and some pieces of
' iron, tbe use of which I was at a loss to
determine. Thdse were deposited in a
grave where a skeleton was found l>iog
with the head north-west by south-east.
The skull of the defunct was tolerably en-
tire : it was rather thick, with a low fore-
head, and posterior part somewhat protn-
berant ; but, with the exception of a few
of the vertebrae and some fragmentary
bones, little else remained, llie teeth
indicated that tbe deceased was of no
very advanced age. A second g^ve, near
the first, was also found, but it contained
nothing but a few bones.
l*he fibula found in the first grave was
very beautiful, and nearly perfect. It had
lain on the left breast. The external rim
consisted of garnets or gamet-oolonred
glass, interlaced with gold cheqner-work
in half diamond patterns. Within it was
a deep border of gold work, then an inner
circle of g^amets or of coloured glass, inter-
laced also with the g^ld chequer : again,
another circle of beaded g^ld; and in the
centre of all a large boss of ivory or sea-
horse's tooth, divided quarterly with the
ds
534
Correspondence of Syivanat Urban.
[Nov.
same sort of gold chequer. The centre of
the fibula consisted of a large carbuui le,
surrounded by a thin border of the same
gold-threaded or chequer-work. Four
other ivory studs, forming a square, con-
tained also carbuncles, and completed the
ornamentation of the brooch. This relic
was 2f inches in diameter, being of the
same size as the fibula found near Abing-
don, figured in " Pag>»n Saxondom," plate
3, and which it strikingly resembled in
almost all other particulars.
The bulla was of gold, with ornament
of mosaic or chequer-work of red, blue,
and white stones, and very similar to one
described plate 4, fig. 7, in Inventorium
Sepulchral. It had a loop for suspension.
The bronze bowl was entire, except
that it had been neatly repaired at the
bottom by a patch of metal, affixed by
small studs. There was also one small
hole in it. The metal was quite sound,
and scarcely appeared to have sufiVred at
all by its long inhumation. This bowl is
of a shape not often found in the graves
of Kent. Mr. Akerman has given an exam-
ple of one (see " Pagan Saxondom") which
was discovered by the late Lord Londcs-
borough in 1843, at Wiiigham, in this
county, and which it exactly resembles,
even to the pattern of the open lattice-
work of the stand. Similar paterae, Mr.
Akerman informs us, have been found in
the graves of the Franks.
In this bowl were deposited bones, some
said to be human. This, however, I am
not fully convinced of. Also the bones of
sheep and oxen. For what purpose they
were placed there, and whether in the
first instance with or without their fleshy
adjuncts, I am unable to determine. The
circumstance, however, is remarkaMe.
A small metal pin, and a seax or knife,
were also found in the grave, together
with a large sword, a relic but rarely
discovered in the Anglo-Saxon interments,
and which is probably indicative of the
rank or high command of the deceased
warrior.
I'erhaps, however, the most interesting
part of the remains were the four gold
coins, c r rather medals, for the gold loops
for suspension were portions of the origi-
nal substance of the metal. They were in
size rather larger than a shilling, of very
pure gold. They were inscribed round
the borders, the impression on one mde
being a somewhat rudely sculptured head
with a cap or helmet, and on the revene
a sort of double cross with a ball or globe.
These coins, with the relic described
above, doubtless formed a necklace, and
with the bulla as the centre-piece, and the
two gold medals on either side, must have
constituted an ornament alike costly and
magnificent in the eyes of the followers
and subjects of the chief who bore it.
I attribute to tbe»e medals a Frankish
origin, for they appeared to me, in the
very brief inspection I bad of them, very
similar to the examples found in the Si-
bertswold grave which are given by Mr.
C. B. Smith in the Invtniorimm fSepul-
chrale, No. 172, and ascribed by him to
the Merovingian series, but a friend well
skilled in numismatic lore, and to whom
I sent a somewhat imperfect wax impres-
sion, owing to injury received in trans-
mission, has given his opinion that they
are the coins of Mauricius, who, first a
notary bom in Cappadocia, became aft*T-
wards a general, and a.d. 682 was nosed
to the Roman empire.
This Anglo-Saxon grave, if snch it wa%
appears to exhilnt some details which may
give a different direction to oar specola^
tions, and may afibrd another proof that
in our eagerness to attribute all similar
discoveries to the Jutish or Anglo-Saxon
tribes, we too strictly ignore the existence
of those other numerous island or conti-
nental septs or nations, who at one period
of the history of Europe were in a con-
stant state of movement and progression,
and who doubtless visited England, sword
in hand, either as the allies of the Saxons
or of the Danes, or as their rivals, claim-
ing possessions, or seeking conquests in
lands more inviting, or less contested, than
those which they had abandoned.
It is to be fearf'd that this small hnt
very choice collection of relics, so espe-
cially interesting to any Kentish anti-
quary, will be lost to the connty. The
Kent Archseological Sodety hoped, nnder
the sanction of the Qovemment^ to obtain
I860.]
Bacon-Howe, Noblt'Street, Alderagate.
635
thrse remains for an Anglo-Saxon Ma«
scum in a central part of the county,
where they would haye been daily acces-
sible to the inspection of the public, con-
sidering that such a repository could not
be better established than in the heart of
that district where the Saxons founded
their first kingdom. But in this hope
tbcy have been disappointed, for after
imagining that their offer would be ac-
cepted, to their disappointment they
BACON-HOUSE, NOBLE
Mb. Ueban, — Stow, in the " Survey of
London," says, "This house was of old
called ' Shelley -house,' as belonging to the
family of that name. Sir Thomas Shelley,
Knt., was owner thereof in the 1st of
Henry the Fourth."
It was af erwards called" Bacon-house,"
because the same was new-built by Sir
Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Qreat
Seal. Adjoining to it was the house of
Serjeant Fleetwood, Recorder of London,
who new-built it.
Fleetwood was Recorder from 1571 un-
til 1591, and many of his letters to Lord
Burleigh are dated from '* Bacon-house,"
where he died, February 28, 1594.
In 1628 the house was purchased by
tbe worshipful Company of Scriveners,
and was used as the hall of that Com-
pany; but, about the middle of the last
century, it was sold by the Scriveners to
the worshipful Company of Coachmakers,
whose hall it became and now is. The
front in Noble-street (except the entrance
to tbe hall) was, however, retained by the
Scriveners. The back part of the house,
as rebuilt after the fire of London, may
still be seen from Oat-lane, and is now
occupied as a glove- manufactory.
In the conveyance to the Scriveners,
the house is stated to have been anciently
called " Shelley's tenement," but then
" Bacon-house," and that it had formerly
been m the possession of Sir Ralph Row-
let t, Knight*, afterwards of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, then of Christopher and Robert
• Sir Ralph Rowlett was Master of the Mint to
KinK Uenry VIII., and he was connected by mar-
liii^c with Sir Nisholas Bacon, they hiiving
married two of tbe daughters of Sir Antbcmy
Cooke.
learned that another party had been for-
tunate enough to secure these relics.
Had they received any intimation that
a higher price was expected, they would
have endeavoured to have met the views
of their holder in order that these remains
might have been secured for their contem-
plated County Museum.
Canterbury,
I am, &c.,
John Bbsnt.
STREET, ALDERSGATE.
Barker, Nicholas Goff the elder, and Ni-
cholas Goff the younger, and subsequently
of Sara Savage and George Egxlshaw,
physiciun; and it was conveyed by Sir
Arthur Savage and Dame Sarah^ late wife
of George Smithies, alderjuan, Thomas
Yisoount Savage, and Richard Millard, to
Charles Bostock, scrivener, I presume in
trust for the Company.
Christopher Barker and Robert Barker
were printers to Queen Elisabeth; and
Mr. Ames, in his bccount of Christopher
Barker, says that he liad a printing-offlee
in Bacon-house, near Foster-lane, in which,
he printed Acts of Pteliament, &c
Christopher Barker died in 1509, and
after 1588 the business was carried on by
his deputies. Robert Barker, his son, who
was a prisoner in the Kingp's Bench from
1635, died there in 1645. Probably, Ni-
cholas Goff the elder, and Nicholas Goff
the younger, although nather of them
are mentioned by Ames, were deputies or
assigns of Christopher or of Robert Barker,
and I should be glad of any information
on that point.
Among the books printed by Christo-
pher Barker, in the list given by Mr.
Ames, I find the following printed at
Bacon-house: — ^"Acts of Ptoliament, in
23rd Elizabeth, 1581; 'Christian Me£.
tat'ons,' by Theodore Beza, imprinted in
Bacon-house, 1582; Acts of Parliament,
27 th Elizabeth, 1585, hnprinted in Ba-
con-house, near Foster-lane/*
The Recorder, Fleetwood, is not men-
tioned in the conveyance of Bacon-house
to Charles Bostock ; and although his let-
ters are dated from Baooii-house, Stow
mentions the house of the Recorder as
536
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
[Nov.
separate from Bacon-house, which was re-
built by the Lord Keeper. It m8y be
that the Recorder's house was built upon
part of the original site of Shelley -house.
In Coachmakers* Hall were held the
meetings of the Protestant Association^
which, under the presidency of Lord Geo.
Gordon, led to the riots of 1 780.
I shall be pleased if these notes, which
I think cannot but be interesting to so
venerable a printer as Stlvaiojb Ubban,
elicit any information from your correspon-
dents respecting the Barkers, their depu-
ties, or successors, or in relation to any of
the successive owners or occupiers of this
ancient civic mauciou. — I urn, &c.,
Geo. B. Cosk£b.
8, Paragon, New Kent -road,
September 16, 1860.
P. S. — Presuming Nicholas Goff, or
Goagh, and his son of the same name, to
have been printers, and the name seems
to sanction that notion, may I hazard
a conjecture that their printing-office was
removed from Noble-street to the north
side of Fleet-street, and that they gave
their name to Gough- square. It is pos-
sible that they and the Barkers had a lease
only of Bacon-house, and that on the ex-
piration of the term, the fr'eehold having
been purchased by the Scriveners, the
Company declined to renew the lease, and
converted the premises into a hall for
themselves, and thereupon the printers
were obliged to remove iAieai presses to
another locality.
"OLD" ST. PETER'S AT ROME.
Mb. Ubban, — It has several times oc-
curred to the writer as siugular, that there
appears to be no published record — at
least he has not met with any, in some
extensive attention to such matters — as
to what kind of building a former St.
Peter's at Rome was, (though we know
enough about our own *'old" St. Paul's).
The present church was beg^n, if my me-
mory serves, about the close of the fifteenth
century, but doubtless there was some
stately previous building, whether on the
same site or not, though probably not the
first Roman cathedral — I am, &c
J. D. Pabbt,
Author of'* The Coast of Sussex.*'
A MISREAD DATE.
Me. Ubban, — You are probably ac--
quainted with a descriptive poem entitled
"Dartmoor," published (second edition)
in 1826. Nearly one half of the volume
is composed of notes, giving much curious
information respecting this wild region.
In one of these notis it is stated, that in
a part of the moor situated near Dartmoor
prison, is a certain spring or well, called
Fice's Well, the sides and entrance to
which are composed of granite, and that
on this granite is inscribed, in common
Arabic numerals, the date of 1168. " TUo
date," adds the author, " is an extra-
ordinary one, and the whole bears the un-
deniable appearance of great antiquity."
In the summer of 1859, being in that
neighbourhood, I was led to examine the
spot, and thereby am enabled to eorrect
Mr. Carrington's statement, and to give
the real date inscribed on the granite,
which is 1568. The second cypher is
rudely and indistinctly cat, and might,
on a hasty glance, be well mistaken for
another X, but a closer inspection shews
it to be beyond doubt a 6, and this was
pointed out to me by the very intelligent
guide who accompanied me to the spot.
I believe I am right in thinking that
1168 could not possibly be the date in*
scribed, unless it had been the forgery of
a later periol, inasmuch as our pmeut
Arabic or Indian cyphers were notlhro-
duccd until a period considerablj sabse*
qucnt to that date. — I am, &c.
Oct. 8, 1860. H. K.
I860.]
537
HISTOEICAL AKD MISCELLANEOUS REVIEWS.
Sussex ArchcBological Collections, VoL
XII. (London : John Russell Smith.) —
This volume is quite equal in interest to
any of its predecessors, and contains papers
hy the Rev. Edward Turner, W« Durrant
Cooper, R. W. Blencowe, Mark Antony
Lower, and other well-known antiquaries.
Mr. Turner treats of Uckfield, Past and
PVescnt, and also of the ruined town and
church of Aldrington, with its Anchorage.
Mr. Durrant Cooper edits Proo& of Age
of Sussex Families, temp, Edward II. to
Edward IV. ; and prints a supplement to
his account of the family of Oxenhridge,
containing a memoir of John Oxenhridge,
a celehrated Puritan divine, who, after
many wanderings, settled at Boston, in
New England, and died there. Mr. Blen-
cowe prints extracts from the Memoirs of
the Gale family, one of the many that in
the seventeenth century made fortunes by
the Sussex iron-foundries. Mr. Lower has
collected some curious particulars of the
Hospital of Lepers at Seaford ; but a more
interesting paper of his is a Notice of
Sir Edward Dalyngruge, the builder of
Bodiam Castle. That knight made a vast
fortune in the French wars of Edward III.
and Richard II., and dying circa 1394,
was buried in Robertsbridge Abbey. His
mutilated effigy was dug up there in 1823,
nnd under the impression that it was one
of the Pelham family, it was presented to
tlie late Earl of Chichester. Afterwards
the discovery of the cross engrailed led to
its correct appropriation, and it is now
placed in the Museum at Lewes. Previous
to this it had, on being found not to be
a Pelham, been buried in the garden of
bis lordship's town -house, in Stratton-
strect, Piccadilly, and next It was placed
in the coach-house, where it was viewed
and reported on by a member of the
Society, Weston S. Walford, Esq. : —
"A rather 'strange eventful history'
is this," says Mr. Lower, " of a piece
of cliiselhd alabaster, representing a man
great in his time, a valiant soldier, who
had built a castle out of the spoils of
war, and who had been entombed in a
monastery which he had endowed with
noble g^fts. No long period elapsed ere
the fair proportions of the statue, re-
posing gracefully upon its altar -tomb
within the abbey church of Roberts-
bridge, were doomed to destruction by
some malleus monachorum under the dic-
tation of Henry the Eighth. Hacked and
hewn to pieces, it was buried as a useless
thing, until its exhumation, as above re-
lated, brought it to the light of day. A
second inhumation and a second disinter-
ment, a generation later, in the metro-
polis, and its presentation to our local
museum, wind up its extraordinary career.
We have all heard of the 'vile uses' to
which every created thing may return,
but this object has returned to a use by
no means Tile; and it is something for
the hme of a fourteenth century hero,
that curious antiquaries of the nineteenth
look with interest upon his mutilated
effigy, and are induced thereby to search
into the personal hiiStory of the man of
whom it is the rude and imperfect pre-
sentment*."—(pp. 223, 224.)
Equally remarkable is a paper by the
Very Rev. Canon Tiemey, on the I^s-
covery of the Remains of John, seven-
teenth Earl of Arundel, in the church of
ArundeL The earl was killed in France,
in 1435, and was buried in the church of
tbe Grey Friars at Beauvais, but a passage
in the will of a Shropshire gentleman,
first noticed by Mr. Kingston, of che Public
Record Office, shewed that his remains
had been redeemed from French custody
by an attendant (Fulke Eyton, the testa-
tor), and probably buried with his an-
cestors in the College of ArundeL A search
there proved this to be the case ; and this
is but one instance out of a thousand of
the curious and important corrections of
current history that are daily being effected
* " Is it too much to assert, that a memorial
like the present in vol. xii. of the * Sussex ArchiB-
ological Collections,' is a surer means of preserv-
ing from oblivion the man to whom it relutcs
than any alabaster statne, or other material
monument whatsoever, could be t"
638
Miscellaneeua Reviews.
[Nqf.
by means of examination of the wills and
other papers of comparatively humble in-
dividnals.
Among other papers we notice a very
useful one on the Dedications of Churches
and Chapels in West Sussex, by Charlts
Qibson, Esq., Richmond Herald, and the
Recorde of Thomas Lake and Henry Len-
narde, shewing their troubles with the
contumacious people of Yarmouth, when
they visited them in 1588 as bailiffis of the
barons of the Cinque Ports. The sug(restion
made by Mr. Durrant Cooper, in the last
volume of the " Collections," has been
acted on, and we have a rather copious
collection of Monumental Inscriptions from
Seaford and from Berwick, furnished by
H. Simmons, Esq., and the Rev. £. B.
Ellman. Notes and Queries, and a full
Index, complete the volume, which is very
creditable to the talent and research of
its contributors.
We will conclude our notice with a
brief quotation from Mr. Turner's paper
on Domus Anachorlta), Aldrington, wliich
su^rgests a new meaning for the inscription
of Mangnus, the Dane, now preserved in the
church of St. John sub Castro, at Lewes : —
" Tlie earliest anchorite in this county,
of which we have any information, is
Mangnus of St John% Lewis ; of whom
we have no other knowledge, than snch as
we are able to obtain from the inscription
which was discovered engraved on tlie
stone, forming the circular arch of the
Norman doorway leading into the chancel
of the church, when it was tiiken down
in 1857. Nothing was thought of it at
the time; and it would probably have
been lost for ever, had not 'some lovers
of antiquity,' as they are described, re-
siding in Lewes, of whom, no doubt, that
excellent antiquary Mr. Rowe was one,
anxious for the preservation of so early
and interesting a memorial, collected the
stones and placed them in their original
furm against the south wall of the church,
beneath which was subsequently placed
the coffin stone, or monumental slab,
which was found in digging in some part
of the churchyard; and was so disposed
of under the erroneous impression that
it had covered the mortal remains of
Mangnus; and for its preservation when
the old church was entirely pulled down,
we arc indebted to the zealous exertions
of Mr. M. A. Lower, who secured it a
place in the new.
** The inscription, whidi consists of fo^f
hexameter lines in monkish Latin, aiif
Anglo-Saxon character, — for where t\^
letters are of a later date, they are intc^
polations, made probably at tiie time i%
was discovered, to fill up vacandes fonnj
to exist, — and which is, upon the wboleL
in a tolerably perfect state, a small par«
t4on only being missing, is as foUowi:— •
' Clauditur hie miles, Danorum regia pro*
les, Mangnus nomen ei, Mangne nota pro-
geniei; Deponens Mangnum, se moribos
induit agnuro, Prepete pro vit4, fit par-
vulus Anachorita.' From it we learn
that this Mangnus was a knight of some
fame, and of the royal race of the Danes ;
but that becoming disgusted with the
world, and all earthly things, the vanity
and vexation of which his own unhappy
experience had taught him, he retired
from society, and became an anchorite.
"It will be observed that I have treated
this inscription not as an epitaph, in which
light only it has heretofore been con-
sidered, but as referrinff solely to the fact
of his retiring fit>m tne world, and in-
clusion as an anchorite. Its whole bear-
ing, as well as the force of particular ex-
pressions made use of in it» have led me
to take this different view of it. ' Claudi-
tur,' with which it commences, if|, in my
judgment, a term much more applicable
to seclusion during life, than to confine-
ment in a tomb after dscUh. The word
'hie,' too, in an inscription over a door-
way, would seem to point more appro-
priately to the sitiution of his cell than
to the place of his burial. The oonstmc-
tion which I pnt upon these two words is,
'here is shut iu as an anchorite;' and
from them 1 am led to infer that the
situation of Mangnns* cell was jii»t on the
outside of this doorway, which woold then
become his means of access to the church.
Placed in such a position, and engraven
possibly by himself daring the period of
his inclusion, it would not only be naefol
as a record of the fiict of his having be-
come an anchorite, and of his own sub-
missiveness in so doing; bat it would be
to him a constant monitor how niach
more conducive to earthly bappinew the
practice of contentedness and self-denial
i% than giving way to strife and envying,
how much more the comfort of life de-
pends on the exercise of hamility and
condiscensiou, than in vain attempts to
secure worldly gn-atneas and hooonr.*' —
(pp. 182— 1»4,)
As is customary with the Sa«ex Andi-
seologiciil Society, the present volnuie is
enriched with several excellent wood en-
graviuj^a
I860.] A Handbook of Mottoes borne by the Nobility^ 8fC. 539
A NtmdhooJc of Mottoes home hy the
Nobilifif, Oentry, Cities, Public Com-
panics, jfc. Translated and Illustrated
with Notes and Quotations by C. N.
Eltin, Mi a. (London : Bell and Daldy.)
— This i« a service&ble collection of
mottoes, iU|>babetically arrangt'd, but
it would be Considerably improved if an
index of natties were given. Some in-
troductory obtervations class fy mottoi*s
in four divisio^ift — those of a general cha-
racter; those having reference to the
beiirings, or a ptknning reference to the
name; or, lastly, ^reference to both name
and bearing. Tht work is dedicated to
the Queen's Champldfei, Sir Henry Dymoke,
Bart. A few short iitracts will shew the
manner in which it ii tkecnted : —
" Labor ipse voluptas. Toil itself is plea-
sure. Lovelace, & J. G. Nichols^
F.S.A.
<* This motto wa^ adopted by John Niohola,
F.S.A., the author of tne * History of
Leicestershire,' and the *Litemry Anec-
dotes of the Eighteenth Oetttory ;' and for
forty years editor of the 'Gentleman's
Magazine :' nor could any htVe heen more
expressive of his own literary character."
—(p. 105.)
" Ofner na ofno angau. As boiHe by the
family of Lewis, of Greenmeadow, co.
Glamorgan, together with the tnotto
* Patriffi fidus* over the crest. The Motto
in the Welsh characters is borne by the
llev. John Williams ab Iihel, A.l(^
Hector of Llanymowddwy. The sense Of
the motto in English is, 'Let him bt
feared who fears not death.'
** Both these families are descended fh>m
Gwaethvoed, lord of Cibwyr and Cere-
digion, and from the noble answer made
by that prince to Edgar, the Saxon king,
their motto is taken. When Edgar sum-
moned him, with the other Welsh princes,
to Chester, in order to row his bat ge on
the Dee, Gwaethvoed replied that he could
not row, and that, if he could, he would,
not, except to save a person's life, whether
king or vassal. Upon' this Edgar sent a
second mcs-enger, to ' whom the Welsh
prince vouchsated at first no answer at all,
but when the man submissively begged to
be informed what reply he should bear to
his master, < Let him,' said Gwaethvoed,
<b« feared who fears not death.' On
hearing these words, Edgar, delighted
with the spirit of the prince, went to him,
gae him his hand in kindness, and en-
treated him to become his friend and rela-
tion, a'd so it was; and since that time
the motto of all descended from Gwaeth-
voed has been • OFNER NA OFNO AN-
GAU."'-{p. 140.)
Preigne haleine, tirezfort. Take breath,
pull strong. GiFFABD.
** In the early part of the reign of Henry
YIII., a panther which bad been presents
((
to Sir John Qifhrd, of Chillington, escaped
from her cage, and was pursued by the
knight, bow in hand, accoojpanied by his
son. Having burriea to the top of a steep
ascent, nearly a mile from his house, he
overtook the beast about to roring upon
a woman with an infant : and as, in nis
still breathless state, he was prrparing to
shout at it, his son, feari«ig his baste might
weak' n the accuracy and force of Ms shot,
called out, * Preigne haleine tire fort ;'
words which, moderaiafd to *Prenei
hiileine, tirez fort,' now torm tiie family
motto. In pmsuance of this advice Sur
John paused, took breath, di'ew his bow
strongly with a sure aim, and so killed
the putther and saved the woman."-^
(p. 156.)
** Prius frangitur quam flectitur. He is
sooner broken than bent. Ballan-
ttne-Dykes, of Dovenley, Warthole,
or Wardhall, &c, who also Ixurs the
motto, 'Nee cito, nee tarde/ for Bal-
lantine, which family he represents in
the female line.
** Thomas Dykes, an ancestor ot this family,
was a staunch adherent to the Roj^
cause and an active partisan of the king.
After the king's forces were subdued, he
was eagerly sought for by tiie Republicans,
whom he elu'ied for upwards of twelve
months by concealing himself, when pur^
sued, in a mulberry-tree hi front of the
house, part whereof still remains (I860).
He was aftervrards caught and kept pii-
soner in a dungeon in Cockermoutii Castle,
where he died. His freedom was repeat-
edly offered to him by the Bepublicans if
he would change his principles, and when
upon his refusal they threatened to in-
crease the severity of his treatment, he
replied, * PriuR frangitur quam flectitur,"
which sentence, denoting his resolution
to die sooner than yield, is still used as
their moito by his descendants. The bulk
of the family estates was lost through his
seal in the cause of his master. Thomas
Dykes married Joyce Frecheville, daughter
and co-heiress ox John Frecheville, and
cousin of the Royalist, Lord Frecheville,
of Slavely, &c., oo., Derby."— (p. 167.)
"^ Pro rege dimico. I do battle fbr the
king. Dtmoeb, bt. The honourable
the Queen's Champion.
** This mot'o has an obvious alltudoo to the
Bnme of the fkmUy, as well as to the
ancient office of Champion, which derives
fimm the renowned fiiunily of Marmyun,
tog%tiier with the manor of Scrivelsby, to
whldi the Championship is attached. Sir
John IWmoke, kt.. was the first who for-
mally Ateharged uie office^ at the corona-
tion of lUchard II., and Sir Henry I)t-
moke, bait.* the present Champion, is tne
seventeeattk of his family who has hekl it."
—(p. 160.)
These specimens we tmst will commend
the work to favourable notice; and we
should be glad to find that the compiler
had met with due encoiiiragement to in-
duce him to bring out an enlarged edition
— for we mark imperfections here and
there, such as are almost nnavddable in
a first attempt to collect sadi a body ot
miscellaneoiiB matter.
540
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Not.
The Right of American Slavery, By
T. W. HoiT, of the St. Louis Literary and
I'hllosophical Association. (St. Loms, Mo. :
L. Bushnell.) — Most people in England
have heard enough, perhaps more than
enough, on the suhject of American sla«
very, but it must be confessed that it has
been almost all on one side of the question.
On the sound principle, Audi alteram par-
tern, we think ourselves bound to devote
a small portion of our space to a pamphlet
on the other side, which the author has
had the courtesy to send us from the city
of St. Louis, on the Mississippi. Every
one knows the great exertions that the
Abolitionists are making to spread their
principles by means of the press, but if we
may take the announcement on the title-
page as fact, " First and Second Editions,
600,000 copies," the other party bids fair
to rival them. Mr. Hoit sees in the anti-
slavery agitation the working of British
gold; the monarchies of Europe, but
e-pccially that of England, he sa^s, have
a deadly hatred to American institutions,
and having been foiled both in arms and
in diplomacy, they now seek to bring
about a dissolution of the Union, by setting
the North against the South; and, unless
a large portion of the American people
can be made to perceive " the fatal faUacy
of emancipation," ho feels assured that
the scheme will succeed, when " national
oblivion" will be the consequence. Hence
he argues on the " fitness of the African
for slavery," and the consequent **ab-
surdit}' of negro equality j" proves by cita-
tion from Herodotus downwards that " the
negro 1ms ever been a slave," and from
Herder and others that he is a mere ani-
mal, ** the representative of barbaric fury
and degradation, and the type, in human
form, of that chaotic element of self-anni-
hilation, which nature has kindly restricted
to the fewest number of the lowest orders
of animated being." He maintains that
the African is not intended for freedom ;
that those in the United States have no
wish for it, and that if released from the
beneficent control of their masters they
would soon relapse into barbarism, and
ultimately into cannibalism, — a future
which he confidently predicts for the black
11
republic of Liberia. Thus it would be an
injury to the negro to set him free, and
his conscientious masters dare not do it»
on his account, — to say nothing of the
misery to civilized man all over the world,
which would ensue from the fidlnre of
American slave-grown cotton, for, accord-
ing to Mr. Hoit, we are clothed with
nothing else, and must become naked bar-
barians ourselves if left without it.
The whole argument briefly runs thm —
Civilization is right, barbarism is wrong ;
slavery is an incident of civilizatioti ; and
the world would fall back into chaos were
not the race of Ham kept in its divinely
appointed place by the strong hand of the
slave-owner. Leaving our readers to form
their own estimate of them, we extract
our author's
** PhILOBOPHIOAL PoBTULATES OV AMM"
BICAK SlAYXBY.
'*1. Right holds a just and heaven-
derived supremacy over wrong.
"2. Barbarism is wrong. It coodnc^s
to the misery and degradation of mankind.
Africa is barbarous. The African race is
a race of barbarians.
"3. Civilization is right. It oondocet
to the elevation and happiness of mankind.
'*4. Civilization carries with it the
right of supremacy over barbarism.
*< 5. It is right to summon the barba-
rian to the lessons of civilization, and to
teach him its primary lessons; to elevate
him to the dignity of labour.
" 0. It is right to HOLD the barbarian
subject to the rules of civilization ; to pro-
tect him by its laws, and rescne bim from
the wrongs and miseries of barbarism. In
this way only he can be made happier and
better. He falls, if unsupported by ex-
ternal power.
** 7. American slnvery promotes civilisa-
tion, by the production of materials where-
with to clothe the nakedness of msnkind,
and the useful medium of knowledge snd
intelligence, through books and literature^
printed upon materials which are the pro-
duct of slave labour.
*'8. It is just that barbarism should
subserve civilization; that Wrong should
subserve Right.
«9. The African is not equal to the
white man, but is a barbarian, and as such
has no political rights.
*<10. American dsvery ii Right."—
(pp. 49, 60.)
I860.]
The East Anglian.
541
The following is his practical Conclu-
sion : —
** If, then, it ia not right, nor practica-
ble, nor posnble, to restore these 4,000,000
of Africans to barbarism, why any longer
a^tate the snlject P Why ke^ the negro
in perpetual dread of change, and the
owner dubious of the ftiture ? Why, by
this negro agitation, create apprehenuon
in the minds of our own people for the
stability and permanence of this govem-
ment, and hope in tke minds of all the
monarchists of the world that this agita-
tion will divide and destroy tl^ last great
bulw irk of human freedom P
« Why shall we pot to hazard that free-
dom which is already secure P Why in-
volye in experiments those tangible ao-
quisitions which we have made to this
priceless inheritance of freedom P Wash-
ington is gone, but he has left us his
bright example, and his solemn admoni-
tions. Let those who are greater, and
wiser, and purer than Washington, im-
peach him. Let those whose precepts or
examples excel his, question the superiority
of his virtue and valour. Let those who
have done more for human freedom de-
nounce him as the enemy of mankind, and
erect for themselves a standard of moral
action, which shall rise to the stupendous
height of their own boundless egotism !" —
(pp. 50, 61.)
most exhausted th^ slender frmds, and
we see with regret, from the minutes of
the proceedings of the Ckmrnittea^ that
''Crown fees and stamp dnty^ fbr a
Charter of Incorporation have abstracted
£134 10s. 2<2. from them. It is a pity that
the Crown should be less liberal to so vala*
able an institution than a firm of solid-
tors (Messrs. Clayton & Sons, of Lan-
caster-place), who <* declined to make any
charge for their professional services in
thematter.** An excellent paper on Wea-
ther Glasses and ForetelHng the Weather,
by Admiral Fitz-Boy, contains much in-
formation that may be nseftil even to
those who never encounter the perihi of
the seas, and will well repay pemsaL
The Idfe-hoat, Ko. Sa (Published by
the Royal National Life-boat Institution.)
— Wc some time ago commended the So-
ciety that issues tbis littie periodical to
the support of our readers, and we take
the present opportunity of menti(ming
that it now contemplates extending the
sphere of its usefrdness by frnrnishing baro>
meters to its life-boat stations, whdob, to
the number of more than a hundred, fbrm
a nearly continuous chain around our
coasts. Had such means of warning as
the barometer affords been at hand, it is
not too much to say that the deplonible
loss of life among the Tarmouth fishermen
which marked the storm of the 28th of
May would not have occurred. The So-
ciety asks for contributions for this special
purpose, as well as to meet their ordinary
expenditure, and we trust that th^ will
not ask in vain. The expenses attendant
on the exertions of their life-boats during
the gales of May and June last have al-
Gekt. Ma0. Vol. CCIX.
The MeKquary, Ko. II. (London: J. B.
Smith. Derby: Bemrose and Sons.)--
TMb second number of Mr. LL Jewitt^
publication amply redeems the promise of
the first. The Editor fbmishes, in his
paper ''On Scolds, and how th^ cured
them," ajbimentable picture of the barba-
rism of some of the practices of the ^good
old times ;*' it is ilhutrated 1^ engravings
of about a score of existing examples of the
branks^ among which one termed the
Witches' Bridle from Vorhr, is oonspt*
cnoos with its three sharply-pdintod spikA^
and is justly termed a " diaboHcal Instni*
menf There are also several pleasbg
papers on Derbyshire sutjectB, inchidingy
with an eye no doubt to lady readers> a
love-story relating to the fbrmer posseesora
of Haddon Hall, and the Editor treats
amusingly on Fkdry Bings and thdr folk-
lore. Among the Original Documents is a
list of jewels delivered to the unfinrtnnate
Derbyshire lady, ArsbeUa Stoart, to whidi
a ISu$-nmile of her dgnatnre is ^ipended ;
anda good collection of Notes, Queries, and
Oleaniogs completes the number.
T9(e 2Rm^ .^^MM^ Nos. 7 and 8. (Lowes-
toft : Tymms.)~Tlus cheiq;» little publica-
tion is wen deservmg the notice of k)oal
antiquaries. One of the numbers belbre
us contidns a good account of the Dutch
chun^ at Korwieii (the old Black Friars),
and puts on record several inseriptioiM
that are fai danger of perishing fr«n tlM
8t
542
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Nov.
dAiDpness of the chnrch and the inferior
quality of the stones ; the other contains,
among a variety of brief notes, a descrip-
tion of a curions fresco in Ringshall Church,
and an enumeration of the inscriptions on
church-bells at Bungay, Ipswich, and else-
where.
The Momans in Gloucestershire, and the
Results of their Residence in this Country
considered in an Historical, Social, and
Religious Toint of View : embracing the
very interesting Question, whether or not
we owe our early Christianity to our In-
tercourse with them, and whether St. Paul
himself preached in Britain and possibly
at Gloucester, A Lecture by the Rev.
Samuel Ltsons, M.A. (London : Hamil-
ton, Adams, and Co.) — The ample title-
page of this lecture is a very sufficient
indication of its contents. The lecture was
delivered before the Literary and Scientific
Society, and the Gloucester Association for
Young Men, and the profits are designed
for the restoration of a district lending
library, in the author's parish of St. Luke,
Gloucester. Mr. L) sons cannot be quite
sure that the great Apostle of the Gen-
tiles preached in Gloucester, but he is
quite certain that that city had " the first
Christian king that ever was, and that
in the persons of Pomponia Gnccina and
Claudia professing Christians existed in
it within eleven years after our Saviour's
crucifixion." Besides detailing these facts,
he gives a good account, for general read-
ing, of many Roman antiquities found in
various parts of Gloucestershire ; and com-
ing down to modern days, he touches on
the siege of Gloucester by the troops of
Clmrles I. The Lecture is accompanied by
a map, and several wood-engravings, all
carefully executed, and we are glad to
bring it before the notice of our readers
as a good summary of important facts
wliich, from being scattered over works of
rather ancient date, are less known at pre-
sent than they ought to bo.
St. Paul's. (London: Biving^tons.) — ^The
name of Mr. Gumey is quite enough to
draw attention to this volume. It con-
tains twenty sermons, all strongly marked
by the well-known characteristics of their
author. The sermons on '* Christiau Re-
sponsibilities and New Year's Wishes" we
would especially commend to notice.
Parish Sermons, Second Series, by Wil-
liam Fbasbb, B.C.L., (London: J. H.
and Jas. Parker,) are in continuation of
a series that appeared about five years
ago, and was well received. These, de-
livered in Alton parish church, are equally
worthy of commendation — perhaps more
so, as they embody the result of ad^Uonal
study of the Fathers, in consequence of
their author having in the interval pro-
duced " A Plain Commentary on the Book
of Psalms," which is chiefly patristic in
its views.
Sreviates from Holy Scripture, ar-
ranged for use by the Bed of Sieknett.
By the Rev. G. Asden, M.A. (Oxford
and London: J. H. and Jas. Parker.)—
This little work was drawn up, the author
informs us, in the hope of giving greater
definiteness to his own teaching by the
bedside of the sick, espedally during pro-
tracted cases. It appears to be drawn np
with great care, and, as it has veiy soon
reached a second edition, it evidently has
been found useful.
Sermons preached in St, Mary* s Church,
Marylebone, Third Series. By JouN
Hampden Gubnsy, M.A., Prebendary of
Blackie's Comprehemive HiaUny of
England. Parts 31, d2.—Tbis work is
proceeding steadily and satisfiictorily to-
wards completion. The parts before as
contain the very important period from
the Peace of Amiens to the death of George
III., a space of «ghteen years. The story
throughout is well written, dear, and
impartial; but the porUon of the most
interest at the present day is, tbe narra-
tive of the first three or four years of the
renewed war. The preparations of England
to meet the invasion threatened by France
are well told, and the story may safdy be
commended to g^eneral attention. As
usual, some maps, and several good por-
traits, are given.
I860.]
548
BIRTHS.
Avg, 16. At GoTemment-hoiiM, Hongkong,
the Hon. Lady Robinson, a dan.
Aug, 18. At Victoria, Hongkong, the wife of
Patrick R. Harper, esq., banker, a dan.
Aug. 30. At Cbowringhee, Calcntta, the wife
of the ReT. W. Ayerst, Rector of St Paul's
School, a son.
Aug. 31. At Mazagon Castle, Bombay, Lady
Jamsetjee Jcjeebhoy, a son.
Sept. 4. At Calcutta, the wife of Capt. BaaQ
£. Bacon, late 50th Regt B.N.L, and second
Assistant Secretary to Qoremment Military De-
partment, a son.
Sept.lO. AtMynpoorle,North-WeatProTlnoe8,
the wife of Henry Minchin Chase, esq., Bengal
Civil Senrice, a dau.
Sept. 12. At Nea-houae, Cbristehnrch, Hants,
the wife of M^jor Gordon Cameron, 4th (King's
Own) Regt., a dau.
Sept. 13. At Nuaseerabad, Bombay, the wife
of Capt. H. YeWerton Beale, a son.
Sept. 14. At Tumworth, Dorset, the wife of
W. Parry Okendon, esq., a son.
At Old-hall, Halkyn, Mrs. Gerarge Hugliee,
a dau.
Sept. 15. At Saugor, Central India, the wife
of Capt. Charles Stuart W. Ogilyie, a dan.
At Madras, the wife of the Rer. J. BnthTon
Macfarlane, a dau.
Sept. 17. At Barthomley-reetory, the Hon.
Mrs. George Arkwright, a son.
At Chcttle-lodge, Blandford, the wife of Oapt.
Douglas Curry, of H.M.S. " Abonkir," a dau.
Sept. 18. At the Dowager Lady Wenlock's,
Berkeley-sq., the Hon. Mrs. Jas. Stuart Wortley,
a dau.
At Hatherly-place, Cheltenham, the wife of
Lieut.-Col. Grey, 85th Light Infantry, a son.
Sept. 20. At Brighton, the wife of R. H.
Wyatt, esq., GrosTen(v-pl., Hyde-park, a son.
At the Manor-house, Chiswick, the wifis of
Harrington Tuke, M.D., a son.
SepU 21. At Manor-lodge, Tunbridge Wella,
the wife of Chas. W. Morice, esq., of Gkmoester-
ter., Hyde-park, a son.
Sept. 22. At Ashley Manor-honae, Box, the
wife of Dr. Nasb, a dau.
At North Ferriby, East Yorkshire, the wife of
John Smythe Egginton, esq., a son.
Sept. 24. At Guernsey, the wife of Col. O. H.
Pagan, a dau.
At Surbiton-hill, Kingston • on -Thamea, the
wife of C. H. Chatfleld, esq., barrister-at-law,
a son.
In Bryanston-sq., the Lady Wodehonee, a son.
Sept. 25. At Hopetoun-bonse, Linlithgow-
shire, the Countess of Hopetoun, a son and heir.
Sept. 28. At Edinburgh, Lady Edith FMiu*-
son, a dau.
At Whitley-Ticarage, the wife of the Ber. Wm.
Valentine, a son, stiU-bom.
Sept, S9. At Dortiam, the wife of Edgir Mey-
sell, esq., barrlster-at-law, a dan.
At Bowlhead-green, near GodatanJng, the Lady
Dorothy Nevill, prematurely, a dau., atillbom.
Sept, SO. At Denne-hill, Kent, the wife of
Lieut-Col. Montreaor, Grenadier Guards, a dan.
Oct. 1. At Bomanby-hooae^ MorthaUerton, the
wife of Capt Hill, a dan.
At Weymouth, the wife of F. W. Bemaaal^
esq., of Kenaington-park-gardena, a dan.
Oct, 3. At Brookileld-houae, Paignton, tha
wife of CoL MaUoek, late Bengal Artillery, aeon.
At Lake-honae^ Torquay, the wife of Oapt
Bobwt Grange, a son.
Oct, 3. At Sarakoaeik), H.I.M. the Bmpreaa of
Bnssia, a prince.
At Apethorpe-hall, Northamptonahire, the
Connteas of Westmoreland, a dan.
Lady Norreya, a aoo.
Oct, 4. At York-houae, Penaanoe, the wife of
Frederick Smith, esq., a son.
At Redhall, eo. Antrim, the wife of the Very
Ber. Geo. Bull, Dean qH Connor, a son.
Oct 5. At Bipley, Surrey, the wife of the Ber.
Charlea Richmond Tate, a eon.
Od, 6. In Pont-st, Mrs. ^HlUam O. Yemoii
Haroourt, a son.
At Bishop Auckland, the wife of Chariton
ElUott Moi^an, esq., a 8<m.
At l^lorence-Tilla, 'VHmbledaa-paik, the wife
of Sidney R. Percy, esq., a dan.
At Haarlem, the wife of J. G. C L. NewnhaSf
esq., H.M.'8 Oonanl at Anurterdam, a dan.
In BelgrayeHMi., the Lady KatfaaclM Hamilton
Rnsaell, a dan.
Oct, 7. At Mortimer-liouae, HaDdn-at, fh«
Lady Louisa Donglaa Pennant, a dan. atUl-bom.
Oe*, 8. At TrafEbrd-park, Lady Annette do
Traflbrd, a dan.
At the Vicarage, Leithkiric, the wife of the
Ber. J. C. Gregory, a dan.
Oct, 9. At Buriton-reetory, the wife of the
Ber. J. M. Snmner, a son.
At Bylands, Hanta, the wife of Doai^ T.
Vernon, esq., a dan.
At Kineton, the wife of OoL CBrtwri^it» a
At Trent-perk, the wife of B. 0. L. Bevn,
esq., a aoo.
At Egginton -ban. Burton* on -ftent^ Lndj
Erery, a son.
At Bipon, Yockahire^ the wife of Chriitopher
Bayers, esq., a dan.
At Vienna-TilkwByde, Isle of Wight, the wife
of Benjamin Aroher Kent, X*I>i i^ Mn.
Oct. 10. At Ftoeet-hill, the wife of Geoifo
Jamee Tohy, a eon.
At Worth-park, Suaan, the wife ef Joeeph
Meyer Monteflore, a aon.
At MottisfeBt Abbey, Htotib the Hon. Mki.
Hinry Cvnoni n dMi. .
544
Births. — Marriages.
[Nov.
At the Royal Marine Barraolu, Stonchouse,
the wife of Lieut.-Col. Lambrick, K.St.F., a son.
Oct. 11. At St. Leonard's Forest, near Uorshanb
the Hon. Mrs. Keith Falconer, a son.
At Woolwich, the wife of Lieut. -Col. Thompson,
Boyal Artillery, a son.
Oct. 12. At Grove-house, East Moulsey, Surrey,
the wife of James Creswick, esq., a son.
At Riyersley, near Liverpool, the wife of Chas.
F. Melly, esq., a dau.
At Newdegrate Rectory, Surrey, Mrs. 8. M.
Mayhew, a son.
Oct. 13. At Firle-pl., the seat of Viscount Gage,
the Hon. Mrs. Edward Gage, a son.
At the Parsonage, Plymtrec, the wife of the
Rev. Prebendary Domford, Rector of the parish,
a son.
At Romaldkirk, the wife of John Kipling, esq.,
a dau.
Oct. 14. Lady Radstock, a dau.
At Brussels, the Princess Theobald de Yismes
et de Ponthieu, a dau.
At Castleton, Monmouthshire, the Hon. Lady
Walker, a son.
At Streatham Rectory, the wife of the Rev.
J. R. NichoU, a dau.
Oct, 15. At Hersham, near Esher, the wife of
Major Spiccr, a dau.
In New Steyne, Brighton, the wife of Frederick
Ilaworth, esq., a son.
At Ashurst-lodge, East Grinstead, the wife of
Capt. Hamond, a son.
At Cuckfield, Sussex, Mrs. Edward Waugh,
a son.
Oct, 16. At the WaldroBs, Croydon, the wife
of John C. C. Az^mar, esq., a son.
At Wandsworth, the wife of Arthur Alexander
Corscllis, esq., a dau.
At Waltham-house, Mrs. JollifTe Tufncll, a dau.
At Milton Bryan Rectory, Beds, the wife of the
Rev. G. S. Whitlock, a son.
In Portland-pl., the wife of Hduy Hoyle
Oddie, esq., a son.
At Tan-y-bryn, Bangor, the wife of Arthur
Wyatt, esq., a son.
At Maidstone, the wife of Mi^or Lawrte, A^Jt.
Srd Battalion Kent Rifle Volonteers, a aon.
At West-end, Hampetead, the wife of MmUam
Henry Miles, esq., a aon.
Oct. 17. At SutUm-coort-lodge, CUswiek, the
wife of Frederick Wigan, esq., a dau.
At Redville, Swindon, the wife of Henry
Kinneir, esq., a son.
At Richmond, Surrey, the wife of Thomaa
Duncan, esq., M.D., a son.
At St. James's-house, West MalTem, fbe wife
of Benjamin Bright, esq., a dau.
Oct. 18. At Sutherland-terr., Bast Brixton,
the wife of H. Brooke Alder, esq., a dau.
The wife of Edward SoUy, esq., F.R.8., of
Holme-court, Isleworth, a dau.
At the Windsor Hotel, Moray-pL, Edinborgli,
the Countess of Munster, a son.
At Southsea, the wife of lieut.-Ool. WllUam
Stuart, M.P., of Kempston, Beds, a eon and
heir.
Oct. 19. At Little Hallingbnry Reetory, near
Bishop's Stortford, the wife of the Ber. Stanley
Pemberton, a dau.
Oct. 20. At Brighton Reetory, the wife of the
Rev. J. N. Simpkinson, a dan.
Oct. 21. At Caldecote, Warwiokshire, the wife
of the Rev. J. L. Hallward, a son.
At the Vicarage, Stoke, near Boeheeter, the
wife of the Rev. A. E. O. Harris, a dan.
At the Quadrant, Coventry, the rerfdenee of
her father, the wife of the Rev. VrwndM W.
Lamb, of BLUlmorton, Rugby, a dan.
At the Rectory, Stretton-en^e-Field, the wife
of the Rev. Amlnrosc C. B. Cave, a son*
Oct. 22. The widow of OoL BeyneD Pack,
a son.
MARRIAGES.
Aug. 1. At Madras, R. Reginald Scott, esq.,
eldest son of Comm. C. K. Scott, R.N., of Bur-
scldon-houHe, Brighton, to Justa, dau. of the
late Major Locke, of Madras.
Aug. 15. At Seetapore, Oudh, Marshall P.
Moriarty, esq., Lieut, late 4lHt B.N.I., to Emily
Casement, dau. of the late Major-Gen. Frances
Spencer Hawkins, C.B., of II.M.'s Bengal Indian
Army, and late Commissttry-General.
Aug. 18. At Geelong, John Kldon Gorst, esq.,
of Auckland, New Zealand, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, second son of the late E. C.
Lowndes, esq., of Preston, Lancashire, to Mary
Elissabeth, only dau. of the Rev. Lorenao Moore,
formerly Incumbent of St. Peter's, Hull.
Aug. 23. At Highweek, Devon, the Rev. Wm.
Sadler, Curate of Highweek, to Agatha Blanche
Isabella, dau. of the late Mark Henryson, esq.
Aug. 28. At St. Michael's, Compton Martin,
Somersetshire, the Bev. Chaa. Weston Dereaish,
B.A., Incumbent of Publow, fenrth eoa of the
late William Devenish, esq., of WejMonth, to
Charlotte, eldest dau. of the late Wm. H«»««^«i^
esq., of Monkstown, co. Dublin.
At Sherborne, Dorset, Bdmond Kendall, esq.,
of Bourton-on-the-Water, GkNwselershIre, to
Amelia, third dau. of the tete Be^J. Chanedlor,
esq., of Sherborne.
Sfpt, 4. At Horfleld, Bristol, the Beiv. Hewj
Fowler, second son of Charles Fewler, eeq., of
Totteridge-house, High Wyeombe, Bndca., to
Julia Vranoes, youngest dan. of Jae. B. Tnlton,
esq., late of the Royal Horse Onaids Bine.
At Old Essthoame, Bnssell Jaaes^ eldest anr-
viving son of William Charlea Kerr, eaq^ of the
Hale, Newnham, Gloaoeetershire, to Bosn Mary
Anne, eldest dan. of the late O. B. OriSIha,
of Castle-hill, Kngtofleld-gmn» Boxey.
I860.]
Marriages,
545
Sept. 6. At Steeple Ashton, Capt. Lewis Jones,
8'h Regt., to Sarah Jane, only dau. of Col. Henry
O. Crawley, of the Royal En^eers.
Sept. 8. At Glendermott, Andrew Ferguson
Knox, esq., of Umey-park, co. Tyrone, to Kathe-
rine Geor^na Elizabeth, second duu. of Latham
Blacker, esq., of Glenkeen, oo. Londonderry.
Sept. 11. Edmund, youngest son of Robert
Robertson, esq., of Stirford-house, near War-
minster, to Jane, only surviying dau. of the late
Charles May, jun., esq., of Basingstukc.
At Llandudno, N.W., Archibald Briggs, esq.,
of Liverpool, second son of H. Briggs, esq., of
Outwood-hall, near Wakefield, to Alice Sophia,
youngest dau. of J. Steward, esq., of Llandudno.
At Walcott Church, the Rev. C. M. de P.
Gillam, M.A., of Pembroke College, Oxford,
son of the late Rev. J. Gillam, Vicar of North
Leigh, Oxon, to Ellen, dau. of the late Rev.
Peter Hall, Rector of Milston and Brigminster.
At Stapieton, George Henry Bengough, esq.,
of the Ridge, Gloucestershire, to Mary Jose-
phine, eldest dau. of the Rev. J. H. Butterworth.
At Rhyl, North Wales, the Rev. H. Oldershaw,
M.A., of Lichfield, to Milliceut Susan, youngest
dau. of the late Sir Francis S. Darwin, of Bread-
sail Priory, Derbyshire.
Sept. 12. At Trowbridge, Evan Thos. Prosser,
of Woodstock, Oxon, son of the late Rev. Evan
Prosser, to Jane, only dau. of the late Charles
Jennings, esq., of Trowbridge.
At Dublin, Thomas Donaldson, esq., Srd Light
Dragoons, eldest son of the late John Donaldson,
esq., of Cheswardine, Shropshire, to Louisa Helen
Elizabeth, eldest dau. of Richard A. H. Kir wan,
esq., of Bawnmorc, Galway.
At Swanage, Dorset, Capt. Fred. S. Steele,
eldest son of Capt. Matthew Frederick Steele, of
Sutton, Surrey, to Martha, eldest dau. of the
late Sir F. Blake, barU, of Twisel, Northum-
berland.
At St. John the Evangelist, Durdham Down,
Clifton, Joseph Hope, son of the late Booth
Hodgetts, esq., and of Enmianuel College, Gam-
bridge, to Catherine Brown, eldest dau. of the
late Thomas Rees, eoq., or China, and niece of
D. L. Rees, esq., of Hampton-terrace, Clifton.
Sept. 13. At Patrixbourne, near Canterbury,
Edward Bourchier Savile, esq., of PUton, Devon,
to Margaret Marion, only dau. of the Rev. John
Stevenson, D.D., Vicar of Patrixbourne.
At the British Emba«sy, Paris, Capt. J. C.
Prior, H.M.'s 33rd M.N.I., to Mary MeheUbel
Paithenope, eldest dau. of John Gardiner, esq.,
late Capt. 5th Dragoon Guards.
At St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, James William,
eldest son of the late James Munro Macnabb,
esq., Hightleld-house, Hants, to Amy, dau. of
Sir James Weir Hogg, hart., formerly M.P. for
Beverley.
At Llangocdmore, Thomas Harman Brenchley,
esq., to Emily Sarah, only dan. of Lieut.-CoL
Vaughan, of Llangoedmure-pL, Cardiganshire.
Sept. 14. At Botolph, Capt. W. H. A. Buttler,
of the Madras Army, to Ellen, dau. of the late
Hugh Penfold, esq., of Annington, Sussex.
Sept. 17. At St. Nicholas, Brighton, W. G.
HoUoway, esq., of Amersham - villas, Upix-r
Lewisham-road, London, to Jane, younger duu.
of the late Capt. J. S. Terry, of London.
Sept, 18. Ai Christ Church, Craven-hill, Alfred
Preston, of Calcutta, eldest son of Wm. Preston,
esq., of Twyford Bury-house, St. John's-wood-
park, to Harriette Agnes, seeond dau. of Walter
George Browne, esq., of Pewsey, Wilts.
At Leyton, Lieut. A. H. Gilmore, R.N., young-
est son of J. Gilmore, esq., of the Priory, Walt-
hamstow, to Isabella, third dau. of tiie late
W. Morris, esq., of Woodford-hall, Essex.
At High Harrogate, the Rev. Thomas Barton
Bensted, M.A., Incumbent of Lockwood, to Mar-
garet, youngest dau. of the late Wm. Leigh, esq.,
of Honley.
At Scarborough, Capt. Jonathan Yoke Worth-
ington, Bengal Artillery, of Llanvabon, Glamor-
ganshire, to Henrietta Charlotte Cooper, of Scar-
borough, dau. of Valentine Bryan, esq.
In Edinburgh, the Rev. W. Foster, M.A., of
Hilston, Yorkshire, Fellow of Magdalene Col-
lege, Cambridge, to Hannah, third dau. of Joe.
Stickney, esq., of Hull.
At Wirksworth, Major W. T. Johnson, Comm.
of H.M.'s 12th Irregular Cavalry, to Mary
Amelia, only dau. of the late Thomas Poyser,
esq., Wirksworth, Derbyshire.
At Frome, A. G. Plomer, esq., Lieut, and
Adjutant ILM.'s 25th Regt. Bombay Army, to
Helen Lucretia, only dau. of the late Francis J.
Bush, esq., of Frome Selwood.
In London, Eugene, son of T. W. Candler,
esq., of London, to Selina, only surviving dau. of
the late Rev. E. Temple, Rochford, Essex.
Sept. 19. At Poole, Dorset, William Pratten,
Jan., esq., of Bristol, to Harriet Sophia, younger
dau. of Martin Kemp- Welch, esq., of Poole.
At Brixton, R. Hurley, esq., of Cambridge, to
Mary Ann, second dau. of the late Wm. Bowden,
esq., of St. Alban*s.
At Southborough, the Rev. William Wynter
Gibbon, M.A., of Clifton, to Laura Matilda,
widow of R. W. Townsend, esq., of Rosacarberry,
CO. Cork, and youngest dau. of Henry Herbert,
esq., of BrunUey-common, Kent
At Horbling, Lincolnshire, John Thomas,
youngest son of William Tomblin Keal, esq.,
M.D., of Wharfland-house, Oakham, to Anne,
eldest dau. of the Rev. R. Harris, Vicar of
Horbling.
At Scarbro', William Evana, esq., of Ellastone,
Staffordohire, to Margaret Ann, eldest dan. of
the late John Thomas Riddleaden, esq., of Ash-
bourne, Derbyshire.
At St. Alphage, Canterbury, John Paul Quick,
of Grove-road, Brixton, eldest son of the late
John Paul Quick, Church-fields, Exeter, to Eliza,
eldest dau. of Bex^amin Mutton, Palace-street,
Canterbury.
AtClevedon, Somersetshire, James Watts, eaq.»
of Claremont, Bath, to Margaret, only dan. of W.
Elmer, esq., formeriy of Colchester.
Sept. 20. At Stonehouse, Henry Bate, esq., of
Stonehouse, son of the late Thomas Bate, esq.,
of Truro, to Harriet Elizabeth, eldest dan. of the
late William P. Neville, esq., of Canada, and
546
Maiiriages.
[Nov.
granddau. of Capt. James NevillO) R.N., of
Stukc.
At Chelsea, Wm. Reed, esq., of Rood-lane, and
Southampton - row, Russell -sq., to Marianne
Vaughan, dau. of the late Thomas Morgan, esq.,
of Glasbury.
At Keymer, Frederick John, eldest son of F.
S. Cleaver, esq., of Strcatham, Surrey, to Eliza-
beth, eldest dau. of T. Cnmden, esq., of Burgess-
hill, Sus:>ex.
At Ewhurst, Hants, Laurence Craven, M.A.,
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, to Isabel,
duu. of the late W. J. Chaplin, esq., of Hyde-
par k-gardens, and Ewhurst-park.
At Bath, Lewis John Way, esq., of Spencer-
grange, Essex, to Mary Isabella, eldest dau. of
Ilolroyd Fitsswilliam Way, esq., of Buth.
At Hawkshead, Edward, fifth son of the late
Thomas Wadhum, esq., of Frenchay, Gloucester-
shire, to Mary Elizabeth, second dau. of Monta-
gue Ainslie, e*q., of Grizcdale-hall, Lancohhire.
At Brislington, near Bristol, Charles Owen
Lord, esq., 13th Regt. Bombay N.I., to Elizabeth,
youngest dau. of Captain £)yrc Coote Lord, for-
merly of the same army.
At Kocestcr, Staffurdshire, Capt. Thomas Pal-
mer, late of the 47th Regt., to Harriet Elizabeth,
second dau. of the late Edward Dawson, esq., of
Wbatlon-house, Leicestershire.
At Langar, William Charles, only son of Wm.
Charli'S Dalley, esq., surgeon, Syston- villa, to
Ilannab, second duu. of Richard Marriott, esq.,
Langar-hull, Notts.
At Shardlow, E. M. CuUcn, esq., Nottingham,
to lloManna, dau. of James Clifford, esq., of
Broughton-housc.
Sept. 22. At West Teignmouth, Devon, Capt.
Henry Wise Bond, to Anna M:.ria, second dau.
of the Isite Wm. Warren, esq., of Dawlish, Devon.
At St. George's, Hanuver-sq., Edward Hall,
Qw\.t 18th Royal Irish Regt, to Augusta, fifth
dau. of James Theobald, esq., of Hyde Abbey,
Winchester.
Sept. 24. At St. Faul's, Covent-garden, the
Rev. George Pulham, Curate of Ruchford, Essex,
youngest son of the Rev. John Pulham, Vicar of
Orby, Lincolnshire, and of Pinhoe, Exeter, to
Elizabeth Frances, second dau. of W. Harvey,
est}., the Vineyard, Richmond, Surrey.
Srpt, 25. At Withyham, Sussex, Sir Alex-
ander Bannerman, hurt., of Crimonmogate, Aber-
deen, to Lady Arabella Diana Sockville West,
youngest dau. of the Earl and Countess De la
Warr.
At Amberley, Alfred Sclfe Leonard, esq., of
Holcumbe, near Stroud, third son of Solomon
lAMmard, esq., of Clifton, to Margaret Elizabeth,
only dau. of the late William Stevens, esq., of
Tut«hill-lo<lge, Chepstow.
At Milton, John Low, eB<i., 15th Regt., to
Catherine Louisa, youngest dau. of Capt. Hal-
lowcs, R.N., of Milton-house, near Portsmouth.
William Frederick Stewart, esq., Capt. in
II.M.'s Bengal Irregular Cavalrj', to Cornelia
Jane, third dau. of Lee P. Townshend, esq., of
Wincham-hull.
At St. Oswald's, Chester, the Rev. Robert
White, A.B. Oxon., Ineambent of Little Bod-
worth, Cheshire, to Isabella, only dan. of l^nUiun
Dobbie, esq., Dee-view, Boii^ton.
At St. George's, Hanover-eq., DaTid Hems-
worth, esq., of Fryston-park, Milfard Jonetioii,
Torkshire, to Harriette, youngest daa. of the
late David Wilcock, esq., of Spring-plaoe, Brad-
ford, Torkshire.
At Instow, Capt. Charles Thornton Stewart, of
H.M.'s Bengal Engineers, to Eliza Maria, relict
of E. S. Whitehouse, esq.
At Loughton, Essex, George Samuel, aeeond
son of E. Salter, esq., of Buckhurst-hill, Essex,
to Anne Maria, widow of Q. 8. Wilkinson, eaq.,
son of Lieut-Col. Wilkinson, H.E.I.C.
Sept. 26. At St. Barnabas, Homerton, the
Rev. C. H. J. Haloombe, eldest son of the late
John Halcombe, sergeant-at-law, to Mary Came,
only dau. of the late Samuel Bamfield, eaq., S^-
muuth, Cornwall.
At Paddington, John Brendon CuinBcnven,
esq., of Craven-hill-gardens, Hyde-park, eldest
son of the late James Cui^enven, eaq., of Tre*
tone, Cornwall, to Josephine, youngest dau. id
the late Joseph Sadler, esq., of Southampton-
villa, Ilighgute.
At Packington, Dudley Robert, aeeond eon of
John Abel Smith, esq., to Emma Margareite,
youngest dau. of the late Rev. Edward WUIea.
At the Cathedral, Marlborough-st., Dnhlin,
J. Byrne, esq., solicitor. North Great QcorgeV
St., eldest son of Michael J. Byrne, J.P., of Bays-
well, CO. Kilkenny, to Janette, youngest dau. of
the late Hugh Thomas StalTord, esq., of Oony-
grane-lodge, co. Longford, and of Hardwieke-
st., Dublin, and niece to the late Rev. Subdeaa
Stephens, of Culver-bouse, Vicar of DuasfSord.
At Dartford, Mr. George Waller, of Holland-
st., Southwark, and New Chariton, eldest sm of
Geo. Waller, esq., of Dartford, to EUsabcth Sim,
eldest dau. of William Braund, esq., Dartfbrd,
Kent.
At Trowbridge, Thomas Alexander, esq., of
Monkton, near Bridgend, Glamorganahire, to
Elizabeth, second dau. of the late Mr. Willism
Huntley, of Trowbridge.
Sept. 27. At Taunton, St. John Coventry, esq.,
of Henbury-honse, Dorset, to Mary EUaabeth,
only dau. of Ueut.-Col. T. W. Todd, late of the
14th Regt Madras Native InCsntry.
At Yetminster, Dorset, the Rot. G. H. Wynne,
to Harriet Elisabeth, second dan. of W. MelUsb,
esq., of Guernsey.
At Odiham, Hants, the Ber. Vlaeent Banks,
of St Paul, Penzance, Cornwall, to AUee Mary,
second dau. of the late Joa. Bayley, eaq., swieoa.
At Yalding, Kent, TiMmas Jcnninga White,
formerly of Caius Coll., Cambridge, and (rf the
Inner Temple, to Jane, eldest dau. of F. B. Elry,
esq., Bowhill, Talding.
At Famham, Surrey, the Ber. William Toong,
to Anne Maria Fanny, youngest dan. of the late
Rev. William Annesley, of Aidilea, eo. Down,
and granddau. of the late Hon. and Ber. William
Annesley, Dean of Down.
At Middleton, Alexander, eldeat eon of J.
Murray, esq., of Aytoo^ Flfcdiinb to EUsateth
I860.]
Marriages.
547
Cliarlottc, second dau. of the late Rev. Hough-
ton iSpcnccr, of Werchara.
At Ileavitree, Henry John, eldest son of the
late Edward Tolcher, esq., of Harewood-housc,
Devon, to Catherine, fifth dau. of the late Edw.
Archer, esq., of Trelaskc, Cornwall.
At Isleworth, Samuel Ward Tucker, esq., of
Park-village West, Regent's-park, to Marianna
Frcderica Dent, of Worton - house, Isleworth,
only dau. of the late Frederick Cowslade, esq., of
Reading.
At West Brompton, the Rev. Thomas Pearson,
M.A., Vicar of West Lavington, Wilts, to Jane,
ficcond dau. of the late Richard Sarel, esq., of
Berkeley-sq., solicitor.
At Ashburton, William Foot, esq., of Arfieet,
Rolstonc, Dorset, to Susan, only dau. of W. R.
Whiteway, esq., of Kingsbridge - house, Ash-
burton.
At Ruddington, John William Mellor, of the
Inner Temple, barrister-at-law, eldest son of J.
Mellor, esq., of the Inner Temple, Q.C., M.P., of
Otterspool, Herts, to Caroline, fourth dau. of
Charles Paget, esq., M.P., of Ruddington-grange,
Notts.
Captain Edward Kcane, R.A., to Margaret
Florence, fifth dau. of Gen. and the Rt. Hon.
Lady Charlotte Bacon.
At Filleigh, Charles S., only son of Thomas
Larabc Willshire, esq., of Barnstaple, to Mary,
only dau. of D. T. Brewer, esq., of Castlc-hill.
At St. Petersburg, Maximilian Heine, Coun-
cillor to His Imperial Majesty, to Henrietta,
widow of Nicholas Arendt, Privy Councillor and
Physician in Ordinary to the late Emperor of
Russia, and dau. of the late Richard Chilling-
worth, of Redditch, Worcestershire.
Sept. 28. At All Souls', St. Marylebone, the
Rev. W. Goode, Rector of St. Giles's, Colchester,
son of H. Goode, esq., of Ryde, Isle of Wight,
ban-ister-at-law, to Amelia Aguese, youngest
dau. of Sir Chas. Munro, hart., of Foulis, FouLLs
Castle, Ross-shire.
At Marylebone, Rear-Admiral William Blight,
R..V., to Jane Money, widow of the late Com-
mander John H. Norcock, R.N.
Sept. 29. At Teignmouth, William Sullivan,
youngest son of the late Wm. Harrington, esq.,
Madras Civil Service, to Laura Caroline, eldest
dau. of George Jas. Walker, esq., late 13th Light
Dragoons.
Oct. 1. At St. James's, Piccadilly, Christopher
Richardson, jun., esq., of Lincoln's Inn, eldest
son of Christopher Richardson, esq.. Field-house,
Whitby, to Marian Catherine, second dau- of the
late Barnard Hague, esq., of York, and D.L. and
J.l*. for tbe West Riding of York.
Oct. 2. At Weston-super-Mare, Geo. Aislable,
son uf the late Capt. Hilton, H.M.'s 16th Lancers,
to Louisa Ann, youngest dau. of the late John
IVIiinning Innes Hazeland, esq., of the Mount,
Taunton.
At St. Mary's, Walthamstow, Hubert Campion,
Commander R.N., to Elizabeth, elder dau. of
John Gilmore, esq., of the Priory, Walthamstow,
Es'^ex.
At Redcar, Thomas West, esq., A.B., barrister,
of the Temple, Ix>ndon, to Emily, eldest dau. of
Geo. Grenside, esq., of Brough ton-house, Cleve-
land.
At Cheam, the Hon. Humphrey dc Bohun
Devereux, to Caroline, third dau. of Sir Edmund
Antrobus, bart.
At St. Mary's, Woolwich, the Rev. S. Buck-
land, Yicar of Great Torrington, to Isabella
Elizabeth, dau. of the late Capt. Haverfield, R.N.
At Turvey, Beds, Wm. Drane, esq., of Upper
Clapton, to Helen, second dan. of the Ilcv.
Richard Cecil, of Turvey.
At Halifax, the Rev. Langford Lovell Watts,
Incumbent of Stainland, youngest son of the Rev.
J. W. Watts, Vicar of Bicester, Oxon, to Eliza-
beth, youngest dau. of the Rev. Charles Rogers,
Incumbent of Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire.
At St. John's, Notting-hill, the Rev. Henry
Doddridge Gordon, eldest son of the Rev. Richd.
Gordon, Rector of Elsfleld, Oxon, to Elizabeth
Oke, second dau. of the late Very Rev. William
Buckland, D.D., Dean of Westminster.
At Clifton, George, eldest son of Qeo. Shackel,
epq., of Erleigh-court, near Reading, to Laura
Augusta, third dau. of James Culverwell, esq., of
Clifton.
Oct. 8. At Beddington, Surrey, Capt. F.
Torrens Lyster, of the llth Regt., fifth son of the
late Major Thomas St. George Lyster, 6th Dra-
goon Guards, to Frances Jemima, second dau. of
the late Charles Reed, esq., of Westerfield Wor-
thing, Sussex.
At Chippenham, Wilts, Wm. Kyd Eliot, esq.,
of Cheltenham, to Sarah Ann, youngest dau. of
Richard Mortimore, esq., of Chippenham.
At Dublin, Dr. Robert Lewer, Royal Horse
Artillery, to Mary Elizabeth, only dau. of the
late Capt. Joseph Talford, 96th Regt.
At Christchurch Cathedral, Fredericton, Henry
Filkes Hooper, esq., 76th Regt., youngest son of
the late Rev. John Hooper, Rector of Albury,
Surrey, to Anna, dau. of the late Yen. Geo. Cos-
ter, Archdeacon of New Brunswick.
At Ripley, Henry Cautley, esq., of Cross-hall,
Morley, to Mary Ellen, only dau. of T. Strother,
esq., of Westfield-housc, Killinghall.
At Oundle, Northants, J. Grafton Simpson,
esq., Chester-villas, Canonbury-park South, to
Mary Ann Lucy, eldest dau. of William Baker,
esq., of Oundle.
At Godstone, Richard Bankes, eldest son of
the late Charles Baum, esq., of Denmark-hill,
Surrey, to Alicia Mary, youngest dau. of Carter
Wood, esq., of Westminster, and Marden-park,
Surrey.
At Rushock, Worcestershire, William Spencer,
esq., of Woodcote-house, Bromsgrove, second
son of William Spencer, esq., solicitor, South-
bank, Edgbaston, Birmingham, to Adolpha Cruso,
only dau. of the Rev. John Piercy, LL.B., Rector
of Rushock.
Oct. 4. Col. the Hon. Perry Herbert, M.P.,
brother of the Earl of Powis, and heir-presump-
tive to the earldom, to Lady Mary Petty-Fitz-
maurice, only child of the late Earl of Kerry, and
gn^and-dau. of the Marquis of I^ansdowne.
At Boulogne-sur-Mer, Capt. Edward Welch,
548
Marriages.
[Nov.
late 93rd Sutherland Higblandcrs, second son
of O A. W. Welch, esq., of Arle-honse, near
Cheltenham, to Sophia Anne, eldest dan. of the
late Major J. H. England, 75th Begt.
At Dawlish, John Crawshay Bailey, esq., Com-
mander R.N., of Midford-house, Somerset, son
of Sir Joseph Bailey, hart., of Glannak-park,
Brecon, to Maria Fowler, youngest dau. of
Charles Gooch, esq.
At Heavitree, the Rev. William Rogers, Rec-
tor of Mawnan, near Falmouth, to Anna, dau. of
Ralph Barnes, esq., of Bellair.
At Northington, Hants, John Wildman Thos.
IjCC, esq., of Netherton-housc, Bewdley, to Isa-
bella, youngest dan. of the Rct. Henry Salmon,
Rector of Swarraton-cum-Northington.
At the British Embassy, Stuttgart, Wurtem-
berg, John Robertson, esq., Banstead, Surrey, to
Josephine, eldest dau. of the late William Scott,
esq., of Sandhurst.
At Islington, Benjamin, third son of Peter
Courtcnay Clarke, esq., of Deronport, to Jane
Sophia, only dau. of Gilbert King, esq., M.D.,
Inspector-Gen. of Hospitals and Fleets, R.N.
At Warblington, William Butler Fellowes,
Capt. in the 3rd Madras Cavalry, second son of
the late Sir James Fcllowes, M.D., F.R.S., to Mary
Anne, only dau. of the Rev. Wm. Norris, Rector
of Warblington, Hants.
At New Windsor, the Rev. Thomas Arnold
Carr, M.A., Vicar of Cranbrook, Kent, youngest
son of the late R. L. Carr, esq., barrister-at-lav,
Liverpool, to Mary, eldest dau. of W. B. Holder-
ness, esq., of Park-street, Windsor.
At Oulton, near Leeds, Thomas Blackburn
Baines, esq., B.A., of Leeds, eldest son of Edw.
Baines, esq., M.P., to Sarah, eldest dau. of John
Buckingham Pope, esq., of Oulton.
At Eastbourne, Sussex, Thomas Hislop, esq.,
of Brixton-hill, to Jane, dau. of the lato Alexan-
der Christie, esq., of Rothes, N.B.
At Knighton, Radnorshire, Charles King,
youngest son of Thomas Anderson, esq., of Wal-
lington-lodge, Carshalton, Surrey, to Caroline,
eldest dau. of the late Charles Price Green, esq., of
Stone-buildings, Lincoln's-inn, barrister-at-law.
At Mendlesham, John Grimwade, second son
of J'homas Francis, esq., of Wolsham-le- Willows,
to Sarah Wilson, eldest dau. of the late Daniel
Simpson Francis, gent., of Mcndlesham-hall.
At Newmarket, the Rev. William W. Edwards,
B.A., Curate of Hanover Church, Regent-street,
third son of the Rev. J. Edwards, M.A., Vicar of
Burrow-on-Trent, near Derby, to Emma Kate,
third dau. of William Parr Isaacson, esq., of
Willoughby-house, Newmarket.
At Bur>' St. Edmunds. Llewellyn E. Smith, esq.,
of Newport, Monmouthsh., to Mary Waring,
eldest dau. of William GwiUim, esq., M.D.
At Clapham, Godfh^y W. Barry, esq., fourth
son of the late Sir Charles Barry, to Frances
Emily, youngest dau. of J. S. Ruttrr, esq., kA
Clapham-common.
Oct. 5. At Edgboston, H. C. W. Phillips, esq.,
son of W. Philli|Nt, esq., the Oaklands, Moselcy,
to Elizabeth, eldest dau. of T. I). Clare, esq., of
Upland-house, BrL^tol-road, Birmingham.
12
Oct, 6. At St. MarRaTet**, Weitmiiuter, Joba*
than Walker, esq., of Hawkhflli, Yorkshire, voA
lato of the 7th Dragoon Gnarda, to Emily Laura,
yonngo- dau. of T. Yardoo, esq., of the Palaee,
Westminster.
At Edinburgh, the Hon. Mark George Ear
RoUe, second son of Lord Clinton, to Lady Ger-
trude Jane Douglas, fifth dau. of tlie late George
Sholto, Earl of Morton.
At Stamford, Edward John, fifth son of the late
Thomas Green, esq., of Bank-houae, Fenton,
Herefordshire, to Agnes, youngest dan. of the
late Rev. Nathaniel Morgan, Hector of Bearsby,
Leicestershire.
Oct. 9. At Torwood, Torqnny, Charles Edward
Phillpotts, sixth son of Henry Lord Blihop of
Exeter, to Jane, second dau. of the late Ber.
Geo. Hole, Prebendary of Exeter.
At Wichnor, Staffordshire, the Hon. and Bev.
George Barrington Leggc, seoond son of the lata
Earl of Dartmouth, to Sophia Franoea Margaret,
only dau. of the late John Levett, eeq., of Wlch-
nor-park.
At Benwell, Samuel Hall, eeq., ISth Begt,
second son of the Rev. C. Hall, Rector of Ter-
rington, to Emily, eldest dan. of Christian Allha-
sen, esq., of Elswick-hall, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
At Clifton, Bristol, the Rev. WilUam Heniy
Prideaux, M.A., of Lincoln College, Oxford,
Tutor of Codrington College, Barhadoa, to Ca-
tharine Elizabeth, youngest dau. of George Shap-
hmd, esq.. Belle Yue, Clifton.
At AmUccote, near Stourbridge, Henry Wal-
dron, esq., of CIcnt, to Anna Maria, eldest dau.
of the Rev. J. W. Grier, M.A., Inenmbent of
Ambleoote.
At Tunbridge Welln, Frederick Wm. Cortcit,
esq., of Wiseenden and Bcthenden. Kent, to
Maria Louisa, eldest dau. of William Btehwdson,
esq., M.D., of Tunbridge Wdla.
At Croydon, Capt. W. Nembhard, H.M .*8 Ben-
gal Army, to Louisa Fanny, only dao. of John
Anson Whealler, esq., of Mark-hue* and the
Waldrons, Croydon.
At King's Stanley, Glouceeterehire, the Bev.
Yaughan Simpson Fox, M Jk., of Balliol College,
Oxford, and of Stanley St. Leonard^ to Emily
Frances, youngest dau. of the Bct. 8amn^
Lloyd, M.A., of Stanley-hall, (Ibnnerly Yloar of
Horsley,) and granddau. of the late Yice-Adib
Toung, of Barton-end-house.
Oct, 10. At West Mailing, Kent, Bertie Peter,
youngest son of Peter Cator, esq., of Bceken-
ham, to Mary Elizabeth, fourth dan. of the late
Aretas Akers, eeq., of Mailing Abbey.
At Hackney, J. Langdon H. Downs, M.D.
and M.R.C.P., of Earlswood, Bedhill, to Mary,
dau. of Philip Crelin, eeq., of Clapton«eq.
At Hove, Sussex, William Hampton Gutile.
only son oi Richard W^eekes, eeq., of Hampton-
lodge, Hurstpicrpolnt, to Julia, yoongcst dau. tti
William Yidler Langridge, esq., of Bmnswick-
sq.. Hove.
Oct. 11. At Snowdey, the Hon. Col. Talbot,
brother to the Earl of Shrewsbury, to Lady
Emma Stanley, dau. of the Earl of Derby.
At Tiverton, Wa. P. HanMgr, »%., of at. 8lc-
I860.]
Marriages,
549
phen's-road, Westbourne - park, to Frances,
third dau. of the Rev. William Kayer, Rector of
Tidcombe Portion, Tiverton.
At East Teignmouth, Octavius Toogood, esq.,
of Annandale, Torquay, Bengal Civil Service, to
Clara, dan. of the late Lawrence Gwynne, esq.,
LL.D., of Cambrian, Teignmouth.
At St. Sidweirs, Exeter, George Lasedles Blake,
esq., Capt. R.M.L.I., to Elixaboth, youngest
dau. of Beauchamp Kerr, esq., of Westcliffe,
Isle of Wight.
At St. Bride's, Liverpool, John Clarice, esq., of
Brook-house, Oswestry, son of the late Capt.
Hyde John Clarke, R.N., to Mary Ellen, dau. of
the late Charles Worthington, esq., of Liverpool.
At Askham Richard, John Thomas, eldest son
of the Rev. Thomas and the Lady Louisa Cator,
of Wentbridge-hooae, Pontefhtet, Tcvkfihire, and
Bryanston-sq., to Catharina Sarah, eldest dau.
of John Swann, esq., of Askham-hall, Yorkshire.
Oct. 13. At HartweU, Northamptonshira, the
Hon. Col. Maynard, only son of Yiseoont May-
aard, and brotfaer-in«law to the Duke of Athol,
to Blanche Addixa, dau. of Henry Fitz &oy, esq.,
of Salcey-lawn, and cousin to the Duke of
Grafton.
Oct, 15. At Stillorgan, the Hon. Percy Wynd-
faam, M.P., second son of the Right Hdu. Lord
Leconficld, to Madeline, dau. of the late Gen.
Sir Guy Campbell, bart., and granddaa. of Lord
Edward Fitzgerald.
Oct. 16. At St. George*s, Hanover-sq., Capt.
Francis Henry Hanmer, H.M.'b Bengal Army,
to Mary Anne Catherine, widow of Lieot.-Col.
Campbell, and dau. of the late Charles Gordon,
€8q., of Forres, N.B.
At St. Nicholas, Brighton, Capt Chas. Francis
Smith, H.M.'s 7l8t Highland Light Infantry, son
of the Rev. Hugh Smith, of Stoke d'Albome,
Surrey, to Anaatasia Haly, eldest dan. of Gen.
Uutton, H.M.'s Indian Army.
At Beddington, Edward, third son of the late
John Courage, esq., of Dulwich, to Helen Rosa,
eldest dau. of George Marshall, esq., of Wood-
cote, Surrey.
Oct. 17. At Thorpe Arnold, Mr. R. Westmore-
land, of Standard-hill, Nottingham, to Sarah
Ann, eldest dau. of W. Eaton, esq., M.D., of
Stamford.
At Grantham, Charles John Bnllivant Parker,
Capt., Royal South Lincolnshire MiUtia, to Mar-
tha, only dau. of John Hardy, esq., banker.
At St. Saviour's, Maida-hill, Aldborough Hen-
niker, esq., barrister-at-law, eldest son of Ald-
borough Hcnniker, of Calcott, Somersetshire, to
Phebe Anne, widow of Thomas Henry Win wood,
esq., formerly Sheriff of the county of Cardigan.
At Aspley, Bedfordshire, Julius H Thompson,
esq., of Enfield, to Mary Christina, eldest dau.
of the Rev. G. W. Mahon, of the Mount, Aspley,
late Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, and
Garrison Chaplain, Fort St. George, Madras.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt. Mansfield,
P.W.O. Donegal Militia, eldest son of Francis
Mansfield, esq., of Ardrummon-honse, oo. Done-
gal, to Anna PhiUppa, ^eet dau. of George
Simon Harcourt, esq., of Anker wyoke, Bucks,
and late M.P. for that county.
At Radway, Warwickshire, the Rev. George
Miller, Vicar of Radway, to Georgiana Sibella,
eldest dau. of Iieut.-CoL MiUer, C.B., of Radway-
grange.
Oct. 18. At Burlingham Saint Edmund, John
Daymond Ellis, architect, Norwich, son of the
late Rev. J. D. Ellis, of Entally, Calcutta, to
Maria, dau. of Thomas T. Read, esq., of Soutk
Burlingham, Norfolk.
At Didlington-pk., Norfolk, the Rev. Charles
Lawrence, of ToUeshunt Knights Rectory, Es-
sex, to Florence Mary, youngest dan. of the
late Wm. George T. Tyson Amhurst, of Didling-
ton-patk.
Oct. 19. At the Cathedral, Manchester, John
Griffiths Beavan, esq., of Sevenkan^ton-house,
Gloucestershire, to Emily, second dau. of John
Davis, esq., Capt. Dorset Regt of Mflitia.
OcL 20. At St. John's, Lee, Lieut.-CoL Frederic
Green Wilkmson, 42nd Royal Highlanders, to
Annie, eldest dau. of William Cuthbert, esq., of
Beaufront, Northumberland.
At Inchmarlo, Kincardineshire, Francis Boyd
Outram, esq., of the Bengal Civil Service, only
son of Lieut.-GeiL Sir James Outram, hart.,
G.C.B., to Jane Anne, eldest dau. of Patrick
IHTridson, esq., of Inchmarlo.
Oct. 23. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., W. H.
Bradley, esq., H.M.'s Hyderabad Irregular
Cavalry, to Lucy, eldrst dau. of Horatio Vachell,
esq., and widow of Henry Pearson, esq., barris-
tor-at-law.
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX,
8v
550
[Not.
#l)tttiare.
[Eelativea or Friends supplying Memoirs are requested to append their AddreneSy in
order that a Copy of Hie Gentleman's Maoazins containiny their Communteatiamt
may be forwarded to them."]
H.R.H. THE DucHEsa Dowageb op Saxb
COBUBO GOTHA.
Sept. 24. At Gotha, aged 61, the
Duchess Maria, widow of Duke Ernest
of Saxo Coburg (lotha, and stepmother
of H.ll.H. the IMnee Consort, alter an
illness of considerable duration.
Her late Royal Highness, who, since the
decease of her husband in January, IS-H,
had led a retired life, was the eldest
daughter of his Royal Highness the Duke
Alexander Frederick Charles of Wurtem-
burg and the Duchess Antoinette of Saze
Sualfeld Coburg. She was born Sept. 17,
17U9, and married, Dec 23, 1832, the late
Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Gotha, father
of the reigning Grand Duke and the Prince
Consort of her Majesty, but left no issue
by that prince. The courts of Wurtem-
burg, Belgium, and Portugal are placed
in mourning by the event, us well as our
own royal family and the ex-royal family
of France, the elder brother (the Duke
Alexander) of the late duchess having
married the Princess Marie, daughter of
the late King Louis Philippe.
The Earl of Leven and Mislville.
Oct, 8. At Melville -house, Fifeshire,
aged 75, David Lfslie-Melville, 10th Earl
of Leven and Melville.
His Lonlship, who was born June 22,
1785, was the eldest son of Alexander, the
9th earl, by June, the daughter of John
Thornton, V!,u\., of Clapham. He entered
the Royal Navy, and while attached to
the " Ville de Paris," bearing the flag of
Lord CollinRWood, was mentioned for Iiis
heroic conduct in the destruction of the
French vessels in the Ray of Hosas on the
night of the 31st October, 1809, after
a desperate straggle, in which he was
wounded. He was awarded a seoond pro-
motion in September, 1809, and advanced
to rank of Rear-Admiral in 18-16. He
succeeded to the earldom in 1820, and in
1821 married Elizabeth-Jane, daughter of
Sir Archibald Campbell of Snocoth, Bart.,
who, with her four daughters — I^ady
Elizabeth Cartwright, and the Ladies
Anna, Susan, and Emily Leslie- Melville —
survive him.
The Earl had also two eons^ bat both are
dead: the Hon. David Archibald, bom
Jan. 11, 1836, died Oct. 20, 1853; and
Alexander, Viscount Balgonie, an officer of
the Grenadier Guards, (bom Nov. 19,
1831,) died Aug. 29, 1857, from an iUncM
contracted in the Crimean campaign. By
the failure of male-heirs, the titles pan to
the Hon. J<ihn Thornton Leslie-Melville,
the late EarPs brother, hitherto a leading
partner in the eminent London banking-
house of Williams, Deacon, and Co. ; and
it is understood that the estates go by
entail to the late lord's eldest daughter.
Lady Elizabeth, who married, in 1856,
Thomas Robert Brooke Cartwright, Esq.,
of Aynho, Northamptonshire.
A local newspaper (" The Fifeshire Joor-
nal") speaks thns of the deceased noUe-
man: —
'* He was a representative member of
the House of LodU for manj years; and
though he regularly spent a portion of
each year in London attending to hb legis*
lative duties, in which he took an active
interest, enpecially such of them as related
to Scotland, his delight was to be at home
dispensing the hospitalities of the fiunily
mansion, and promoting the improvement
of his estates, and the comfort and well-
being of those upon them.
** In all matters of paUie interart be
1560.] Obituary. — TJie Earl of Leven and Melville. 551
was among the foremost. He took tbe
lead, as we have said, in cottage improve-
ments for the lal)ouring claj«ses. He took
a deep interest in the formation of the
Fife Railway, of which lie was the first
chairman, and with his relative, Mr, Bal-
four of Balbimie, almost the only consider-
able holder of stock in the county. To
every other public object of general utility
he gave a liberal and hearty support, and
the lat»'st — the Volunteer movement —
has also had his cordial sympathies and
liberal contributions. The active interest
he took in the welfare of the labourer
seemed even to increase with his failing
strength. He was always providing em-
ployment for them, and otherwise contri-
butintr to enable the aged to have comfort
in their declining years ; and it is a subject
of the deepest regret that his valuable life
has been so unexpectedly terminated at
a time when he was busily engaged in
a well-formed and exten^ve plan for the
erection of additional buildings, especially
of new cottages, where he considered them
retjuired. He will be very sincerely la-
mented by the many poor who were the
recipients of his well-directed and unob-
trusive charities. By private contribu-
tions, and a judicious exercise of his office
as trustee of the Bell bequest, he has lent
a mo^t beneficial influence to the cause of
education.
"His Lordship was throughout a con-
sistent C«jnservative in politics, support-
ing the Duke of Wellington and Sir
Robert Peel, until Sir Robert betrayed his
party, when his Lordship's votes went
with Lord Derby, whoee leiulcrship he sub-
secpiently followed.
" Few have done more for their tenants
than the house of Leven and Melville,
always among the first to introduce agri-
cultural improvements and encourage good
fanning ; the steadings and cottages on the
estates have long been models of excellence.
No attempt was ever made at rack-renting,
on the contrarv, 'live and let live' was
the motto ; and it was the boast of some
of the tenants that the ^ and their fathers
had possessed their farms for close upon
three centuries.
" The late Earl was not behind any of
his predecessors in kind consideration for
his tenants. He had his own way — as who
h:i8 not ; but for genuine kindhearted in-
terest in the prosperity and well-being of
all on the estates — tenants and workers —
his Lordship was one in a thousand ; and
not less honourably distinguished in his
ctibrts for the welfare of the people within
the reach of his influence, than were the
houses of which he was the worthy re-
presentative in the annals of their coun-
try's struggles for liberty and peace."
Sib John Edward Swinburne, Bart.
Sept. 26. At Capheaton, Nortl^umber-
land, aged 98, Sir John Edward Swin-
burne, Bart., F.R.S.L., F.A.SS. of London
and Perth, and President of the Society of
Ant iquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, &c.
The deceased was the eldest son of Sir
Edward Swinburne, the fifth baronet, who
died at Capheaton in 1786. His mother
was Christiana, daughter of Robert Dillon,
Esq., by Martha, daughter of William, son
of Sir George Newland, Knt. He was
born March 6, 1762, and on July 13, 1787,
he married Emilia Elizabeth, daughter of
Richard Henry Alexander Bennet, Esq.,
of Beckenham, Kent, and niece to Hugh,
second Duke of Northumberland. By this
lady he had two sons and five daughters.
The eldest son, Edward Swinburne, Esq.,
was bom June 24, 1788; and December
13, 1819, he married Anne, daughter of
Richard Nassau Sutton, a culonel in the
army, and uncle to Sir Richard Sutton,
by whom he had three sous and scver.d
daughters; but his eldest son Henry, an
engineer, dying in his life-time, and he
himself having departed this life in 1855,
his second son, John, Lieutenant R.N., a
young man of much promise and ability,
succeeds to the title and estates of his
grandfather. The other son of the late
baronet, Charles Henry Swinburne, Rear-
Admiral, R.N., married in 1836 Lady
Jane Henrietta Ashbumham, sister to the
Earl of Ashburnham, and has issue.
In early life Sir John Edward Swin-
burne became widely known from the
general urbanity of his manners and the
interest he took in the advancement of
science and literature. In 1798 he was
elected President of the Literary and Phi-
losophical Society of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
which office he retained for thirty-nine
years, retiring in 1837. He represented
Launceston in Parliament daring 1788
and 1789. At the close of the last cen-
tury he was appointed High Sheriff of
Northumberland. When the Society of
Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was
552
Obituary, — Sir John Edw. Swinburne, Sort. [Not.
established in 1813, he was chosen Pre-
sident, and every sacceeding year he was
elected to the same honourable office, which
he retained till the period of his decease.
He became a Fellow of the Royal Society
of Literature, and continued for many
years to be a generous supporter of that
institution. He was elected a Fellow of
the Antiquarian Societies of London and
Perth, and about 1817 we observe him
Provincial Grand Master of the North-
umberland Masonic Festival. Also, about
thirty years ago, he was President of the
Artists' Benevolent Fund. Indeed, from
the period of his manhood to declining
age, he was especially honoured and es-
teemed by all in the north of England
who endeavoured, by education and other
liberal studies, to promote the welfare of
society.
In the circle of his friends and acquaint-
ances, and amid the more quiet haunts of
domestic life, the late baronet was highly
appreciated. By all he was regarded as
a genuine specimen of the kindly, frank,
good-hearted " old English gentleman."
For the last quarter of a century he partly
kept aloof from public business, and while
residing at Capheaton during the summer
season, he was frequently to be seen in
his boat on the lake in front of the village ;
at other times he spent many an hour in
his library, one of the best and most ex-
tensive in Northumberland. Beloved by
his tenantry for his cordial consideration
of their interests, he lived to see about
one hundred and forty-seven rent-days —
a large number when we take into account
the uncertain duration of human life. De-
serving men with whom he mingled gene-
rally found him a faithful and devoted
friend. On this point posterity will do
him justice for the sympathy and un-
atTected liberality he evinced towards the
Kcv. John Hodgson, when that remark-
able man was writing and publishing the
several volumes of his History of North-
umberland. From the prefaces therein,
and from the memoir of the historian
drawn up by the worthy Dr. Raine, they
who come after us will learn how Mr.
Hodgson was befriended and encouraged
in his arduous task by the unostentatious
kindness of the deceased baronet ** For
six centuries," says the able biogmpber
above-mentioned, "the name of Swin-
burne has been dosely oonnected with
the county of Northumberland, and what*
ever be its fate, it will g^ down to pos-
terity in intimate association with one of
the best county Histories of which the
kingdom can boast, and of which it has
been the most especial patron."
In person Sir John Edward Swinbnme
was of middle size, handsome, and, even
when advanced in years, had a fine, treA
complexion. The excellent portrait of him
by Philips in the large room of the Litemy
and Philosophical Society of XewcMtle-
upon-Tyne, executed about thirty jean
ago^ represents him seated near a writing-
table, attired in a dark g^een ooat with
metal buttons, a light-o^onred waistooat
and drab trowsers. A narrow black ribhoD
IS drawn across the head to support a shade
over his right eye, which was i^jared by an
accident when he was shooting. The ex-
pression in this admirable painting telle
very forcibly the character of the man.
hiB death at last was rather nnexpeeted.
He was buried in the family vanlt at
his parish church, Kirkwhelptng(on« oo
Tuesday, October 2nd.
We may observe that a considerable
amount of genius and talent fbr several
generations has existed in the Swinbnme
fi&mily. Henry, unde to the Ute Sir John,
bom July 8, 1743, besides behig an " ac-
complished scholar and gentleman," was
the celebrated traveller in Spain and the
two Sicihes, and his travels in these pro-
vinces were published in London betwet-n
1770 and 1780. Edward Swinb«m«, Esq.»
brother to the late baronet, bom Sep-
tember 3, 1765, possessed good taste and
much ability in the fine arts^ fer he exe-
cuted a gpreat many beaniiftil drawings from
places and scenery in Northnmberland,
whence the greater portloo of the engrav-
ings were taken which emhelliah Hodgson's
elaborate history. Edward, the kts Sir
John's eldest son, Ikr outstripped his oon-
temporaries in a general knowledge of
the practical arts of life; and so nbo doss
his sorviring brother, Charles Heuy,
the Rear-Admiral, who is a genllanum of
I860.] Lieut.' Gen. Sir H. G. W. Smith, Bart., and G.C.B. 568
BOTind judgment and very extensive in-
formation.
LiBTTT.-GsN. Sib Habbt G. W. Smith,
Babt., and G.C.B.
Oct. 12. In Eaton-place West, aged
71, Lient.-Gen. Sir Harry George Wake-
lyn Smith, G.C.B., Colonel of the Ist
Battalion Rifle Brigade.
The deceased was bom in 1788, at Whit-
tlesea, in the Isle of Ely, where his fiither
was a surgeon. The future general en-
tered the army in 1805 as second lieu-
tenant in the Rifle Brignde, and took part
in the storming of Montevideo^ and in the
attack on Buenos Ayres. He was also
present at the C4pture of Copenhagen.
He took an active part in the leading en-
gagements of the Peninsular war, from
the battle of Yimiera down to the em-
barkation of the troops at Coronna. In
1809 he took an active part in the action
on the Coa, near Almeida, where he was
severely woundfid. In command of a bri-
gade of the Light Division, he was present
at the battle of Fuentes d'Onor, and at
the sieges and storming of Ciudad Bodrigo
and Badajoz, the battles of Salamanca,
Vittoria, Orthes, and Toulouse, and in
several lesser engagements, and, in fbet^
iu every important battle throughout the
war, with the exception of Talavera. At
the capture of Washington, uuder Gkineral
lioes, he was Assistant Aiyutant-G^., and
was honoured for his conduct on that oc-
casion by being i^pointed to bear the
despatches to England. His next battle-
field was New Orleans, whither be pro-
ceeded as military secretary under Gene-
ral Sir Edmrard Pakenbam, who fell in
his arms mortally wounded. Under Sir
John Lambert he took part in the siege
and capture of Fort BoMryer. He acted
as Assistant Quartermaster- General to the
sixth division of the army at Waterloo,
and was made a C.B. He next served as
Deputy Adjutant-General, successively at
Halifax, Nova Scotia, and in the West
Indies, whence he was transferred in 1827
to the Cape of Good Hope, and com-
manded a division under the late Sir B.
D'Urban, throughout the Kaffir war in
1834^ and in 1839 he was appointed Ad-
jutant-General in India, and was present
at the battles of Gwalior and Mahanjpore^
for bis gallantry in which acUon he was
made a K.C.B. He took a leading part
in the wars against the Sikhs in the Pun-
jab, and was in command of a divinon at
Moodkee and at Ferozepore. A few days
later the Sikh forces crossed the river
Sutlej, and took up thdr position at Ali«
wal. Lord Gough immediately despatched
Sir HHrry Smith, with 7,000 men and 24
guns. On the 28th of January, 1846, Sir
Harry Smith led the nuun charge in the
battle of Aliwal, carrying that village at
the point of the bayonet, and capturing
all the enemy's guns, to the number of
sixty -seven ; a success which enabled him
to come to the assistance of the Com-
mander-in-Chief, and t«> join in the final
and crowning victory of Sobraon, (Feb.
10th,) which crushed the last hopes of the
Sikh leaders and their troops, and secured
the poesesnon of the Puigab to the British.
For these services he received the special
thanks of the Duke of Wellington, Lord
Gough, the two Houses of Parliament*
and the East India Company, and the
freedom of the city of London, was made
a Baronet and G.C.B., and wm soon after-
wards appdnted to the colonelcy of the
Bifle Brigade. In September, 1847. he
was nominated to the Govemonhip of the
Cape, and as Commander-in-Chief there
he attacked and defeated the rebel Boert
at Boem Plaats, August 29, 1848; but in
1851, while the Kaffir war was ragiug, he
was superseded in that difficult post, in a
manner that did not add to the popularity
of the Colonirtl Minister, and returned to
EngUmd. In 1854 Sir Harry Smith was
promoted to the rank of lieut.-gen., and
appointed to the command of the Northern
and Midland districts. Sir Harry had re-
ceived the war-medal and twelve dasps.
The late Baronet married, in ISli^ a
Spanish lady, the Donna Juana Maria de
los Dolores de Leon, by whom, however,
he had no issoe; and, aooordingly, the
baronet^ beoomes extinct by his death.
554.
Obituary. — G, A. Legh Keck, Esq.
[Nov.
SiE Andrew Mustoxtdi.
July 30. At Corfii, Sir Andrew Mus-
toxidi, Archon of Public IiiBtruction in
the loDian Islands.
As far back as the occupation of tho
Ionian Islands by the French, under the
ministry of the Duke de Feltre, the Che-
valier Mustoxidi was named Historio-
grapher to the Government; and subse-
quently, under the existing Protectorate
of England, he rose to the highest posts in
the State, having been successively a mem-
ber of the Legislative Assembly, its Presi-
dent, and President of the Municipality
of Corfu, Minister of Public Instruction
in the Ionian Islands, and Chancellor of
the University of Corfu. But though
holding these high posts, lie did not scruple
to evince an intensely Hellenic feeling,
which brought him into frequent collision
with the late stern Governor of the
Ionian Islands, Sir H. G. Ward. Mus-
toxidi, however, was much too skilful to
involve himself in any of tho desperate
enterprises of the party, and lived to see
his great rival removed. He was the au-
thor of several works, which mostly treat
of the history of tho Lower Kmpire, and
are in high repute in the south of Europe,
though but little known in England ; they
are suid to represent both men and events
with nmch of the brilliancy of Ijord
Macanlny, and with at least equal parti-
sanship. His countrymen, however, were
very proud of him; and by a decree of
the Senate a public funeral was accorded,
which was most numerously attended, and
was evidently designed to shew the great
esteem felt for him by the whole com-
munity, without distinction of rank, — an
aflectionate reverence, indeed, which ex-
teniied also to Italy, for tliere, too, was
Mustoxidi known, there he had attained
high acadeinical honours, and had been
the friend of Monti and of Mazzoui and
other eminent literati.
The deceased, born in 1784^ at Stongh-
ton, was the third son of Anthony Jamef
Keck, Esq., and Elizabeth his wife, the
sister of Peter Legh, Esq., of Lyme — the
grandson of Anthony Keck, Esq., of Lin«
coin's Inn, by Ann, daughter of William
Busby, Esq., and Catherine his wife, bom
a Beaumont. In 1797, when only 23, he
was elected one of the Knights of the shire
for Leicestershire, and this post he main-
tained until 1818, when he was ousted by
Mr. Chas. March PhilHpps. In 1820 he
was re-elected, as also in 1826 and in 1830,
but having strongly opposed the Reform
Bill, he was, at the first election under
that measure, again snpplanted by Mr.
Phillipps. He then retired firora public life^
and employed himself either in attending
to his very large estates, or in maintaining
the efficiency of liis yeomanry corps, of
which he was lieutenant-colonel command-
ant from the year 1803 to the time of his
death.
Mr. Keck married, in 1802, Elizabeth,
the second of the three daughters of
Robert Venion Atherton, esq., of Ather-
ton, Lancaster. She died in 1887, leaving
no issue. Mr. Keek's mother beiog the
sister of Mrs. Atherton (his wife's mother),
he and his wife were first cousins; and
both being grandchildren of Peter Legh,
esq., of Lyme, — their mothers at the same
time being co-heiresses,— there was a dis-
pute in relation to the succession of the
Legh property. Mr. Keck, by his marriage^
united his own and his wife's chums, and
thus adjusted the difference. The eldest
sister of the late Mrs. Keck was married
to Thomas, the second Ix>rd Lilford. The
large property of Mr. Keck descends to
Ix}rd Lilford and the Hon. Colonel Powya
(better known as Mnjor Powys), who ara
the sons of this nobleman and lady.
G. A. Legh Keck, Esq.
Sept. 4. At his seat, Bank-hall, Lanca-
shire, aged 86, Geo. Anthony Legh Keck,
E8<i., Col. of Prince Albert's Own Regi-
ment of Yeomanry Cavalry.
Hbubebt Inobam, E8Q., M.P.
Sept. 8. Drowned on Lake Michigan,
aged 49, Herbert Ingram, Esq., M.P. for
Boston.
Tlie deceased, who was of very hamble
origin, was bom at Boston in 1811, and
received tho rudiments of education in the
grammar-school there. He was appren*
I860.]
Obituary. — Herbert Ingram^ Esq., M.P,
555
ticed to a printer, and in due time com-
monccd business on bis own account. He
was active and energetic, and met with
good succes", but the position of a thriving
country printer did not satisfy him, and
coming to London, he started the *' Illus-
truted London News," by the successfril
munagemeut of which he acquired a Lirge
fortuue. In 1856 he was elected Member
for Boston, and greatly exerted himself to
benefit the place ; its connexion with other
towns by railway, the improved gas and
water supply, and many other advantages
that it now enjoys, are justly to be as-
cribed to bis industry and influence.
Mr. Ingram left England in August
last, accompanied by an artist to depict
the cliicf events and scenes of the tour of
the Prinre of Wales in Canada and the
United States. They followed the Prince
to Montreal, but there Mr. Ingram sepa-
rated from his companion, and proceeded
to Chicago, expressing a wish to be more
quiet. On Friday, the 7th of September,
he embarked on board the steamer ** Lady
Elgin," which was proceeding on au ex-
cursion up Lakes Michigan and Superior.
There were at least 400 passengers, and
the vessel started that evening. Music
and dancing were, as usual on these trips,
kept up all the night, when early on
Saturday morning the crash of a col-
lision startled all on board. The schooner
" Augusta," running at the rate of eleven
miles per hour, came in contact with the
" Lady Elgin," producing such a fracture
in her thut she drifted helplessly for half
an hour in the darkness, and then sank
in three hundreil feet of water, when some
thirty -five miles from Chicaga
A passenger who was savtd says, —
" The steamer had on board from 160
to 180 head of cattle. The captain or-
dertHl the cattle to be thrown overboard,
and they were thrown over by the crew.
The first and second mates went in the
lifeboat to stop the leak. They found the
hole so low that they could not get at it.
The steamer was listed over, bat they
could not get at the leak. The captain
ordered all the passengers to get life-pre-
servers. I think most of them did. Ho
then ordered the crew to take axes and
break open the stute-room doors, so that
none should be lelt in them. I think
nearly every passenger got out, althou^
1 pulled one out as we floated by the state-
room. A short time alter this the engine
fell through the bottom of the vessel,
I should think fifteen minutes after the
schooner struck ; the hull went down im-
mediately, leiving the hurricane deck
floating. A great portion of the passen-
gers were on the hurricane deck when the
hull went down ; the most of them jumped
off very soon, thinking that would sink.
The hurricane deck soon separated into
five pieces. There were twenty-flve on
the part on which I was. The captain
was on this. There were some military
from Milwaukee, aud six or seven ladies.
The other four pieces went off with a num-
ber on each. We held up cabin-doors for
sails, and came down smoothly as far as
Winetka. When within a few rods of the
shore, the raft capsized. Some of us got
back on her, among them the captain and
myself. The captain got one of the ladies
back. A big sea came and washed us off
The captain was the last man on her. I
heard him cheering the passengers. An-
other sea came, washed him o% and he
was drowned. Of the twenty- five who
were on her only eight were saved.'
»
Mr. Ingram was among those who
perished, but his body was washed on
shore, and having been identified by his
artist it was forwarded to England for
interment. So highly have his services to
Boston been appreciated, that a pnbUo
funeral was bestowed on his remains^ and
a monument to his memcnry is contem-
plated. He has left a widow and three
children.
Like many men who have been the
architects of their own fortunes, the clia-
racter of Mr. Ingram has been very vari-
ously represented. In the obituary notice
in the " Hlustratod News" he is, as might
be expected, spoken of in very high teram.
The writer says that he was "a worthy
and excellent man, a kmd husband, an
indulg^t parent, a fidthfU friend, and a
good citizen." His manner, however, was
undeniably coarse and repulsive, and in
another notice it is stated that "fais
9peeiaUt6 was in making enemies and
alienating friends. He quarrelled with
his editor, with his sub-editors, with bis
artists, with his oontribntors. One by
one ho disgusted and drove them away.
His temper was capridons, and utterly
556
Obituary. — Bev. T, B. Murray^ M.A.
[Nov.
epoiled by success. The ' Illustrated Lon-
don News' reached the acme of its in-
fluence, if not of its circulation, shortly
after the death of the Duke of Wellington,
when one or two of its shilling numbers
reached the circulation of a quarter of a
million copies. From this time one con-
tributor after another was detached, and
the literary merit of the periodical de-
clined. The public are slow to perceive
the gradual deterioration of a successful
journal, but at length the declension of
the * Illustrated News' forced itself upon
public notice."
The " Lady's Newspaper" and the " Il-
lustrated Times" were also the property
of the deceased, but it is alleged that he
ever regarded them as rivals to his own
child, the "Illustrated News." "One of
his peculiarities was a jealousy of the suc-
cess of the * Illustrated Times,' even after
it had become his own property. He kept
it down as much as he possibly conld, from
a fear lest its success might injure the cir-
culation of the ' Illustrated News ;' " and
he is said to have acted in the same way
by the " Pictorial Times," which he pur-
chased some years ago of its projectors, and
suiiered to die.
A man with so much employment to
dispense could hardly be expected not to
be surrounded by a host of admirers. It
is known that he had serious differences
with Mr. Timbs and Dr. Mackay, but in
general he was liked by those he em-
ployed. Some among the number ex-
pressed their admiration rather too fer-
vently, but Mr. Ingram was shrewd enough
to perceive the real value of their homage)
and did not hesitate to declare, in un-
polislied phrase, that such men cared not
for him, but for his " blunt"
Ret. T. B. Mubsay, M.A.
S^t. 24. In Brunswick-square, aged 61,
the Rev. Thomas Boyles Murray, MJl.,
Incumbent of the parish of St. Donstan's-
in-the-East, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and
Senior Secretary of the Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge.
Mr. Murray was descended of a philan-
thropic line well known in their day, and
13
doing good service to the poblic by tbeir
prominence in works of Christian zeal and
charity. Hisg^randfkther, Dr. John Murray,
a leading physician in Norfolk, a man of
character and high aocompUahmenta, was
one of the first promoters of the Norfolk
and Norwich Hospital, and snbseqiiently
was the founder of an institution in Nor-
wich entitled " The Society of Universal
Goodwill," which contained the germ of
the " Society of Friends of Formgners in
Distress ;" an institution which now reck-
ons no fewer than fourteen crowned heads
among its supporters. His son Charles^
the father of the deceased, was edncated
under Dr. Parr, and adopting the profes-
mon of a solidtor, still gave his leisure to
the same philanthropic otgects. His long
and useful life was brought to a dose in
March, 1847, at the age of 79.
Thomas Boyles Murray, the third sur-
viving son of this gentleman, was educated
at Merchant Taylors' School* and took
his deg^ree of MjL at Pembroke College,
Cambridge. His first curacy was at Star-
cross, Devon : and he afterwards becaoM
Curate at St. Olave's, Hart-street^ London.
In 1838 he was presented by the late
Archbishop of Canterbury to the living of
St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, valued in the
Clergy List at £850 per annum. He was
subsequently app<nnted to a prebendal
stall in St. Paul's Cathedral* — an honour
wholly without emolument; and was also
Chaplain to the Countess of Bothcs.
In 1832 he became Secretary to the
Society for Promoting Christian Know-
ledge ; and he remained in that post until
the time of his death, a period of no le«
than twenty-ttght years. This appoint-
ment, in the discharge of which he dis-
playedall the qualities essential toiti duties,
is alone equivalent to adiaracter Ibr manly
intelligence^ prudential eondnot^ and ac-
tive ability, uid it is a snlgect for sorprise
that those authorities in whose hands
ecclesiastical patronage is vested omitted
to mark their sense of his merit and his
services to the Church l^ the bestowal
of some more adequate pnienofmt than
the small benefice of St. Dunstuipln-the-
East.
His oorrespondeDoe with Iwding men
I860.]
Obituary. — Dr. Stephen Elvey.
557
throughout the kingdom, and with the
clergy at home and ahroad, involved as
he was in important transactions every
day, was a demand which could only be
answered by a man of first-rate ability j
but he sometimes advanced beyond the
stricfc duties of office in philanthropic
authorship. The state of that extraordi-
nary colony founded in Pitcaim's Island
by the mutineers of the "Bounty," at-
tracted his attention in the course of official
correspondence, and he produced a narra-
tive of the little settlement, one of the
most natural, graphic, and characteristic
works of the day. As a fellow of the
Antiquarian Society, he naturally devoted
some of his labours to the illustration of
his own parish, and he published very
recently a strikingly vigorous and in-
telligent account of the church of St.
Dunstan, containing all the history in
connection with the parish, and memoirs of
its leading citizens from an early period,
a work which might be advantageously
imitated by other incumbents of the City
churches, and which would be a very ap-
propriate object of local contribution and
episcopal patronage. Mr. Murray also
wrote occasionally on matters of public
information and usefulness to many of the
leading journals of the day. He had like-
wise poetic talent, and wrote many little
works, as "The Alphabet of Emblems,"
" Golden Sayings," " Lays of Christmas,"
and several others.
In private life he was hospitable, ani-
mated, and full of intellectual conversa-
tion, and to this he added the genuine
feelings of an English heart.
There are few men who will be more
regretted in his parish, at his table, or
in general society than Thomas Boyles
Murray. His death was strangely and
startlingly sudden. Of a tall and vigorous
form, of most temperate habits, and with
no known disease, he gave the impression
of one who might have lived to advanced
years. On Thursday, September 20, after
spending the greater part of the day, as
usual, at the office of the Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge, and the
evening in preparing his sermon for the
following Sunday, ho retired to rest about
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
11 o'clock, and had no sooner reached his
chamber than he was seized with an attack
of paralysis, and became speechless and
insensible. In this melancholy state he
continued, though with intervals of con-
sciousness; during one of which his afflicted
wife and children had the comfort of re-
ceiving the Holy Communion with him.
On the night of Monday the 24th he
calmly expired. He has left three sons just
entering into life.
Mr. Murray was buried in Eensal-
Green Cemetery. His funeral was attended
by his three sons and five of his brothers,
and the Secretaries of the Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge.
Dr. Stephen Elvey.
Oct. 6. At Oxford, aged 55, Dr. Stephen
Elvey, Organist of New and St. John's
Colleges, and of St. Mary's Church ; since
1856 he filled the offlce of Choragus in
the University of Oxford.
He was well known in his profession
as a profound and talented musician,
thoroughly versed in the best school of
English church music His proficiency
and taste as an accomplished organist will
long be remembered, especially by the
frequenters of New College Chapel, with
which his name has been for so many
years associated. Of late years he devoted
a great portion of his time and attention
to the correct chanting of the Psalms, and
in 1856 he published a Psalter pointed
upon the soundest and most approved
principles. This work was the result of
a reverent and thoughtful study of the
language and meaning of the Psalms,
combined with a very accurate adapta-
tion of the words to the musical divisions.
This Psalter is deservedly in very high
repute, as the most careful and elaborate
work of the kind; and it has already ex-
ercised much influence in cathedral and
other choirs, by promoting a more exact
and intelligent method of chanting. The
private life of Dr. Elvey was remarkable
for kindness and self-sacrificing exertions
for others. His loss is deeply deplored not
only by his own family, but by a large
circle of friends by whom he was very
greatly respected.
3u*
558
Obituary. — John Hamilton^ Esq.
[Not.
His brother, Dr. George Elvey, of St.
George's, Windsor, received his musical
education from him, and also a nephew,
Mr. Herbert Irons, organist of the Col-
legiate Church, Southwell.
Dr. Elvey had the misfortune very early
in life to lose his right leg by an acci-
dental shot from the gun of a friend.
Notwithstanding this disadvantage, few
performers could give greater effect to
Handel's choruses than the organist of
New College, aided by a fine instrument,
in Wykeham's lofty and beautiful chapeL
It is well known how high a sense was
entertained of his character and profes-
sional qualifications by the members of
that foundation with which he was im-
mediately connected.
John Hamilton, Esq.
Oct, 14. At Howe Villa, Windermere,
aged 39, John Hamilton, esq., F.B.S.,
late editor of the " Morning Star."
The London correspondent of the
"Ban£&hire Journal," writing evidently
fr^m personal knowledge, gives the follow-
ing sketch of the life and character of the
deceased : —
«
Mr. John Hamilton, though an advo-
cate of some peculiar notions, was a tho-
roughly conscientious and honest man.
He was a native of Dumfriesshire, and
inherited, in no small measure, the per-
/enfidum characteristic of his countrymen.
He was originally designed for the mi-
nistry, and this fact gave a bias to his
views which can be traiced in all his subse-
quent career. Ho came to the north of
England, and began newspaper life as a
reporter at Preston, I believe. There he
adopted the teetotal, and other causes, so
warmly advocated by Mr. Livesey, the
popular demagogue of Preston and places
adjacent, and the proprietor of the ' Pres-
ton Guardian.' Mr. Hamilton, while at
Preston, frequently addressed the people
on subjects of both Radical and general
interest. From Preston ho migrated to
Aylesbury, to become the editor of the
' Aylesbury News.' His connection with
this Liberal journal extended over a pe-
riod of seven years. In the town and
county he was a man of some note. His
outspokenness and peculiarities excited no
small attention. It was here that he, in a
very marked way, shewed the ministerial
bias. On Sundays he employed himself
in preaching to his friends and admirera.
He fonned a 'chnrdi,' whose creed was of
the most liberal sort, tiiooffh all the ' sacra-
ments' were not discarded. His followers
looked upon him not only as a great man,
but, in a certain modified sense, as their
prophet. In his capacity as preacher, there
is no doubt he exercised much more influ-
ence than he did as a journalist. In his
Aylesbury days, there was a certain inco-
herent wildness about bis literary produc-
tions which did not suit the tastes of un-
believing readers. As a speaker, howerer,
especially to a sympathetic audience, hia
power was great, and tended to stimulate
the best feelings of his hearers. He often
regretted leaving Aylesbury, for he con-
sidered himself more as a spiritual teacher
than as a political lecturer. When he came
to London, to edit the * Empire^' for a aoo
of his Preston friend, he tried, but in yaio»
to establish a * church,' similar to that
which he left in Aylesbury. After a short
time, Mr. Livesey, jun., sold or handed
over the ' Empire' to Mr. Hamilton and
Mr. George Thompson ; but they coold not
make it a success. After mu^ anxiety,
Mr. Hamilton washed his hands of the
whole affair, and, at no small personal sa-
crifice, paid his own share of the debts in-
curred. Indeed, his conduct throogboat
the whole of this matter refilects the high-
est credit on John Hamilton, whose word
nobody disbelieved, and whose repatation
for honesty and uprightness no one dared
call in question. Shortly after the fkilnre
of the 'Empire,' he became the e^tor-
in-chief of the ' Star.' He thi«w himseLf
with his wonted earnestness and oonsdea-
tiousness into this work ; bat his slender
constitution, without the fortifications of
London stout or ale, — for he was then a
rigid teetotaller, — soonshewed that itconid
not cope with night and day work, and the
infinite botherations inseparable from the
editorial duties connected with a London
daily paper. In many respects he was
totally unfit for the poet. He was too
conscientious a man, and by far too excita-
ble. When work had to be done— «nd on
this paper there never was any lack of that
commodity — ^he could not, or would not^
rest till it was accomplished. As a fHend,
he was cancUd, constant, and helpful ; as
an acquaintance, oblig^ing; and to those
who had to do with Urn officially, he in-
variably manifested the oourtesiy o^ the
gentleman."
Mr. Hamilton's constitotion broke down
under the fatigues of London joomaliamt
and he retired into the Korth some time
before his death. His cares and ^^^mhrj
I860.]
Clergy Deceased,
559
anxieties were greatly alleviated by the
steady friendship of his old friend, Mr.
Livesey, but he has left a widow, who is
understood to be very slenderly pro-
vided for.
CLERGY DECEASED.
Sept, 17. At his residence, Cavendish-plaoe,
aged 83, the Rev. Henry Rice, Bector of Great
Holland, Essex.
Sept. 19. At Norfolk-orescent, aged 79, the
Rev. Joseph Plura Bartrum, B.C.L. Oxon,
furmerly Rector of St. Christopher, West Indies.
Sept. 24. Aged 61, the Rev. Thomas Boyles
Murray^ M.A., Rector of St Dunstan*s-in-the-
I-Iast, Prehendary of St. Paul's, and Secretary to
the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
Sept. 25. At Cheltenham, aged 53, the Rev.
John Frederick Christie, M.A., late Bector of
Ufton-Nenret, Berks.
Sept. 26. At the Vicarage, aged 57, the Rev.
William Willoughby Wynne, B.A., Bector of
Drumlease, Leitrim.
Sept. 28. In London, aged 62, the Bev. Ed^
ward Cobbold, Rector of Long Melford, and of
Watlington, Norfolk. He committed suicide
while in a state of temporary insanity.
Sept. 29. At Hastings, aged 68, the Bev. James
Byam Dewe, Perpetual Curate of Bavenfleld,
Yorkshire.
Lately. At the Vicarage, Leek, aged 76, the
Bev. T. H. Heatheote, M.A.
Aged 68, the Bev. John Penquies LascelUt
Fenwick, B.A.
Aged 74, the Bev. Thomas Hunt, M.A., Bector
of West Felton, and of Wentnor, Salop, and
Rural Dean.
Oct. 3. At the Vicarage, Old Windsor, aged
45, the Rev. Arthur Athelstan Cornish, Vicar of
the parish.
At Clapham-common, aged 36, the Rev. Joseph
Simpson t M.A.
Oct. 5. At Launceston, (where he had gone for
the benefit of his health,) aged 65, the Bev.
William Dunn, of Albert-terrace, Mount Bad-
ford, Exeter.
Oct. 7. At the Bectory, aged 74, the Bev.
Reginald Wynniatt, M.A., Bector of Oaksey,
Wilts.
Oct. 8. At Hitchin, Herts, aged 65, the Bev.
James Roberts, formerly of Melton Mowbray.
Oct. 9. At Hcmingborough, aged 71, the Bev.
John Ion, for thirty -five years Bector of
Ilalsham and Vicar of Hcmingborough.
Oct. 10. At Southport, aged 52, the Bev.
George Edward Wood Davison, B.A., Worcester
College, Oxford, of Haddlesey-house, Selby.
Oct. 11. At Manila-crescent, Weston-super-
Mare, aged 64, the Ven. William Ounning, Arch-
deacon of Bath, and Vicar of Buckland Newton,
Dorset. The Venerable deceased was much re-
spected by all parties in the Church for his
strictly impartial and conscientious discharge of
his duties, and in private life he was much
esteemed by every one who enjoyed his firiend-
Gent. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
ship. He was presented in 1839, by Bishop Law,
to the living of Stowey, which he resigned in
1851 upon being appointed by the Dean and
Chapter of Wells to the living of Buckland New-
ton, Dorset. On the death of the late revered
Archdeacon Brymer, Mr. Ounning was appointed
by Bishop Bagot to the Archdeaconry of Bath.
The deceased was for some years Chaplain of
Partis College, near Bath, in which he took a
warm interest. He was also one of the earliest,
most energetic, and indefatigable supporters of
the Diocesan Societies Association, wltich is in-
debted greatiy to his exertions for the important
and useful position it has attained. He was for
many years the Honorary Secretary of the Asso-
ciation, and held the Treasurership till his death.
At St. Mark's Parsonage, Flint, aged 67, the
Bev. Morgan Davies, M.A., Perpetual Curate of
Connah's Quay, Flintshire, formerly Chaplain
in Bombay.
Oct. 13. At St. Helier*s, Jersey, the Bev.
IF. H. Hanson, Bector of Hockwold and Wilton,
Norfolk, Honorary Canon of Norwich Cathedral,
and formerly Fellow and Tutor of Caius College,
Cambridge.
At Bootie, the Bev. William W. Talbot, B.A.,
formerly Curate of that parish.
Oct. 17. At Ulcombe, Kent (by his own hand), .
the Bev. Henry Sadler, Curate of that parish,
and son pf the late Michael Thomas Sadler, esq.,
M.P.
Oct. 21. Aged 76, the Bev. Henry 8oame$,
M.A., Bector of Stapleford Tawney, and of
Shelley, Essex, and Chancellor of St. Paul's
Cathedral.
DEATHS.
ABBANaBS IN OHBONOLOGIOAL QBDBB.
May 26. Accidentally drowned while orosstng
a flooded river in the province of Otago, New
Zealand, George Calvert, second surviving mm of
the Bev. J. C. Blathwayt, of Leiston.
May SO. On his passage from Calcutta, aged
31, Frank Browne, late Lieut. H.M.*s 39th Begt,
and Senior Inspector of the Government Schools
in the Punjaub.
June 9, Accidentally drowned off Cape Horn,
in a heavy gale of wind, Capt. Charles Anthony
Hale, second son of the late Francis Hale, esq.,
B.N., of Falmouth.
June 16. At Bichmond, Australia, aged 108,
Mr. Wm. J. Madgrwiok, formerly of Chichester,
Sussex. Mr. Madgwick was for fbrty-three years
a resident of Bichmond.
June 32. At Grahamstown, Cspe of Good
Hope, aged 36, Henry John Fox, solieitMr, eldest
son of Luther Owen Fox, M.D., of Brooghton,
Hants.
July 3. At sea, aged 43, Bichard W. Boose,
passenger on board the steamer ** City of Wash-
ington," formerly of Hose, near Melton Mowbray.
July 17. At Hobart-town, in the island of
Tasmania, aged 73, Assistant-Commissary-Gene-
ral Peter Boberts, h.p., eldest son of the lata
Paymaster Boberts, formerly of the 10th (<»r
Prinoe of Wales's Own) Light Dragoons, and
also Barrack-master of i ungeness, Kent. _
8x
560
Obituaey.
[Nov.
July 21. At Sydney, Atwtralia, aged SO, Fran-
cis, son of Matthew Manhall, esq., of the Bank
of England.
Jitly 30. At Mnrree, in the Punjaub, Jalia,
■wife of Lieut George Cecil Gooch, 93rd High-
landers.
Aug. 12. At Kirkee, India, aged 37. John
Kirkby Mountain, esq., 6th Enniskillen Dragoons,
f!on-in-law of I. Leney, esq., Cliffe, Lewee. He
■was in the glorious charge at Balaklava, at
Inkermann and Tchemaya, and the siege and fall
of Sebastopol, and was followed to the grave by
the Commander-in-Chief, the Major - (General
Commanding Division, a large concourse of
ofiBcers (many of whom came over from Poonah),
and the men of the regiment.
Aug. 24. At his resi lence, Bootle Marsh, near
liTerpool, aged 79, Je^se Hartley, surveyor of
the Liverpool Docks. The deceased was a native
of the North Riding of Yorkshire, in which dis-
trict his father held the position of bridge-master,
and his son, after receiving an ordinary educa-
tion, perved his apprenticeship as a stone-mason,
and worked at the building of Borough-bridge.
Subsequently, he succeeded his father as bridge-
master until his removal to Liverpool, on receiv-
ing the appointment of engineer to the Dock Com-
mittee. As a dock engineer, Mr. Jesse Hartley is
admitted to have occupied a very high position,
and in the design and construction of the numer-
ous docks of Liverpool he has left monuments of
his skill as an engineer which will endure at
least as long as the fame and commercial pros-
perity of the port. During the long period in
which he held the reRponsible office of dock engi-
neer in Liverpool, Mr. Hartley altered or entirely
conRtructed every dock belonging to the town.
Be^ides these, he was employed as engineer for
the Bolton and Manchester railway and canal,
and he was also consulting engineer for the Dee
Bridge at Chester, the centering for which was
considered a triumph of engineering skill and
ability.
At the Chateau de la Graverie, near Yire,
aged 79, Madame des Rotours. Josephine du
Buisson de Courson and her only sister belonged
to one of the oldest noble families in Normandy.
T^te double union of the»e two si«ters with the
two brothers des Koiours, of Chaulicu, has for
sixty y. ars past made, of these two families, one
happy household. On the early death of the wife
of M. des Rotours, the baron of Chaulieo, Madame
des Rotours performed all the duties of a mo-
ther for her orphan children, while she enter-
tained for him the affection of a sister. Thus
have the last fifty-nine years of this respected
lady's life been passed in the conscientious dis-
charge of these family duties, in happy calm at
the Chateau de la Oraviere, where she was be-
loved by all. — Qalignani.
Aged 70, Edw. Biisnett, of Serle-st., Lincoln's
Inn, and Camberwell-green, fourth son of the
late Nathaniel Basnett, of the East India House.
At Llangoedmore, Thomas Harman Brenchley,
esq., to Emily Sarah, only dau. of Lieut.-Col.
Yaughan, of Llangoedmore-pl., Cardiganshire.
Aug. 27. At Lakenheath, aged 82; Gapt. Joseph
Ginger. He was tereral years hi active aervioa
abroad, particularly in Calabria, and wm woonded
at the battle of Maida.
Aug. 28. At Brussels, Margaret, wife of G. C. H.
Sunderland, esq., R.N., of Swarthsdale, UlveraUm,
and dau. of the late lient.-CoL Story, Boyal
Artillery.
Aug. 30. At Barraekpore, Calcutta, of dy-
sentery, aged 35, Capt. William C. Lane Ryvea,
H.M.I.S., second son of the late Hugh Massy
Ry ves, of New-garden, Castle Connel, oo. Lime-
rick. He commanded the 4th Pux^aub Bifles at
the relief of Lucknow, Bitthoor, Cawnpore, and
Futtyghur, and distinguished himaelfthrooglumt
the mutiny.
Aug, 80. At Cawnpore, of dysentery, aged SS,
Capt. Benjamin Wyld, Srd Madras European In-
fantry, youngest son of the late Jamee Wyld,
esq., of Gilston, Fifeshire.
Aug. 31. At St. Thomas's Mount, Madraa,
aged 54, Col. Eames Amainek, Brigadier and
Commandant of the Madras ArtiUery.
Sept. 1. At his residence, Yiotoria - grove^
Brompton, aged 51, Ebenezer LandelLs, esq.,
the well-known engraver on wood. He waa a
native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where he was a
pupil of Bewick, the celebrated engraver, and
Mr. Landells* best woodcuts have much c^ the
artistic feeling of Us master. Mr. Landells eame
to London about thirty years ago, and had sinee
been connected with the leading fllostrated peri-
odicals of the day. In 1841, he was one of the
originators of Punch." Intheantiunnofl84SMr.
Landells was commissioned by the proprietors of
the " Illustrated London News" to sketch and en-
grave the scenes and incidents of Her Mi^esty's
visit to Scotland ; and his success on this ooea-
sion led to his being subseqoently engaged to
Illustrate, in the above Jonmal, the ssfveral royal
visits to various parts of the United Kingdom
and the Continent. He was likewise the origtea-
tor of the <* Illuminated Magaiine," ft vols., and
one of the original proprietors of the *' Lady**
Newspaper." To this arduous hraneh of his art
Mr. Landells brought considerable artSatk taste,
as well as untiring en<>rgy, such as alone eoold
enable him to sketch and engrave ineldentB fkom
some hundred miles distanee so as to neet the
requirements of a weekly newspaper. In private
life he was an affeotionate husband and indul-
gent father, and a warm-hearted, gwierous
friend.
Sept. 5. At New York, aged 06, George H.
Barrett, a celebrated Amerioan tragedian.
Sept. 7. Aged 25, James, fifth son of the
hite Rev. Thomas Strettoo Codrington, M.A.,
Yicar of Wroughton, wats.
At Quebec, from scarlet fiver, eged 9, Alexan-
der David, eldest son of Rear-Adminl Sir Alex-
ander and Lady Milne.
At Calcutta, of cholera, aged M, Btaff-Aaslst*
ant-Surgeon William Alexander, yoongcst sob
of Dr. Alexander, Wooler, Northumberland.
Sept, 8. At WUton-road, Salisbury, Chnrlnlf
Aubiey, widow of Capt. Beverley Bobinsos,
R.A., and eldest dau. of the late John Fcyto
Shrubb, esq., of Stoke^ OoUdiord.
I860.]
Obitvaby.
561
At Field-place, OorinflTt Sussex, aged 60, L.
Bushb}', esq.
At Plymouth, Elisa, relict of the Bev. Harry
Jelly, of Trinity Church.
Sept. 9. At Tmro, Caroline Frances Hngoe,
sister of the late Wm. J. Hugoe, esq., M.D., for-
merly of Padstow.
At Tehiamlitdgia, near Scntari, afed 34, n
Hami Pasha, eldest surviving son of Abbas
Pasha, the last viceroy of Egypt. Re was eda<-
cated under the eye of his father in the palace of
Abassia in Cairo, and had acquired a fair know-
ledge of the English language. In July, 1854,
he started on a visit to England, but his ac-
quaintance with this country was destined to be
very slight, for, on arriving at Southampton, he
received intelligence of the death of his father,
and a despatch from Said Pasha, the present
viceroy, directing his immediate return to Egypt.
In 1858 he married Inorir^, one of the daughters
of the Sultan, who has not borne him any chil-
dren : he leaves three daughters by other wives.
He had led a vary dissipated life, and was deeply
involved in debt at the time of his decease. Cairo
was selected as the place of his interment, and
the body was removed to Alexandria in a gorem-
m«>nt steamer.
Sept. 10. Elizabeth Caroline, second dan. of the
Rev. Fulwar Craven Fowle, late Vicar of Kin-
bury, Berks.
At Aden, of apoplexy, «i» routt to Australia, on
board of the Peninsular and Oriental Company's
steamship **'Nemesis," John Dunn, esq., M.P. for
Dartmouth. Mr. Dunn was a merchant and ship-
owner in London, and lai^ly engaged in the
Australian trade. He had formerly been a mem-
ber of the Legislative Council of Tasmania. He
was elected for Dartmouth in August, 1899, hav-
ing unsuccessfully contested Totnee in the ]»«-
vious May, and was generally a supporter of
Lord Derby's government.
Accidentally drowned, at Weymouth, aged 99,
Thomas George Bridge, esq., solicitor.
At his residence, Middleton-lodge, Torquay,
aged 59, James Dean, esq., formerly of Man-
chester.
Suddenly, at his residenee, Manw- house,
Guernsey, Dr. Nicholas Magrath, B.N.
Sept. 11. At btapleton-hottse, Martoek, Somer-
set, aged 64, Wm. Haggett Bic^ards, esq., J. P.
At Bath, aged 62, Capt. J. F. Btirllng, R.N.
The deceased was the youngest son of the late
Vice-Admiral Charles Stirling, and entered the
navy in 1811 ; in the year 1824 he obtained
his first commission, and was appointed in 1828
to tbe "Prince Regent," 120, flag-ship of Sir
A. Blackwood, at the Note. He served from
1831 until 1833 as flag-lieutenant in the ** St.
Vincent," 120, and the «* Alfred," 60, to Sir R.
Hotham, commander-in-chief in the Mediter-
ranean, and in 1842 was again appdnted to the
** St. Vincent," as flag-lieutenant to Sir £. Cod-
rington, at Portsmouth.
Sept. 12. At Bingwood, Hants, aged 52, Susan
Maria, relict of Thomas Dyer, esq., surgeon, and
dau. of the late Rev. Peter Geary, Incumbent of
St. Thomas's, Newport, Isle of Wight.
Sept. 14. From an accident two days before at
the Lismore steeple-chase, aged 32, Capt. Shaw.
His horse fell at the second fence, and then
roUed over him. The deceased was considered
one of the best gentlemen riders in Ireland or
England, and he was likewise most active on
foot over hurdles.
At Whitchurch, aged 76, Mary, wifis of J. D.
Colston, esq.
Sept, 15. At Gateshead, aged 77, Mary Ann,
relict of the late John Fairweather, esq., com-
mander R.N.
In Ireland, aged 24, Fanny Marlon, third
dau. of the late John Albim Cox, esq., of
Dorohepter.
Suddenly, at his residence in Catherine-street,
Strand, where he had carried on business for
upwards of thirty years, Mr. Lanoelott Wild,
for many years connected with the newspap r
press as news-agent and publisher. For the pre-
sent year he was Life-Governor and President of
the Newspaper Benevolent Institutiotti to which
he was a large and continuous snbsoriber.
At Sbawfield-toll, Glasgow, aged 72, Mr. Robert
Stede, of Broun Castle. This well-known oha-
racter was better known as ** Rab Steele," or
" Provost Steele," and, indeed, among his ordi-
nary associates he was talked of and to regularly
by these more familiar names. He was one of
the " notables" of the Middle Ward of Lanark-
shirs, where he was bom, lived, and made money
to a large extent, so that he has now left behind
at least £40,000. About Ave or Ax years ago 1M
bought Broun Castle, East Kilbride, for £14,000,
of «hieh his father at one time was tenant. He
made his money by toll-keeping, at one time
being the lessee of nearly the whole of them in
this district. His exterior was anything but in-
viting, and certainly his mind was not highly
cultivated. Still he bad naturally a aound com-
mon sense, which gnided him through life in »
remarkable manner. He was tbriee elected
Provost of Rutheiglen ; about a dosen years ago
be was plaoed, through the inflnenoe of the late
Duke of Hamilton, on the commission of the
peace for Lanarkshire. As a Justiee he was »
useftil man, his decisions always being in ooo-
eonanee with common smee, and generally largely
imbued with merey. In the Ueensfng oourt he
was rather one-sided, and took the side of the
publicans at least as mueh as others have gone
against them. Rab was an ardent admirar of
horse-raeing, pugilism, ooek-flghting, trotting
matches, ftc., and all kinds of sports. Bab waa
never married, and Uved in the plainest manner
possible.— Aostoman.
Sept, 16. At Paris, agA 84, the Doeheta of
Berwick and Alba, sister of the Emprees Eugenie.
The deceased duehess leaves three children.
At Paignton, Mrs. Bundock, widow of Lieut.
John Bundoek, B.N.
At St. Gemudns, East Lothian, David Murray
Anderson, esq.
■ Sept. 18. At Cheltenham, aged 62, O. Bilseoo
Whalley, of Birdlip, Captain unattached, for-
merly of the 37th Regt.
At Bridgwater, aged 78, Berriett, widow of
562
Obituary.
[Not.
James Ethcrbridge Smith, esq., of Lower Court-
farm, Uutton, Weston-super-Mare.
At the residence of her 8on>in-law, Caroline
Ottway, widow of R. Bowie, esq., of Gombledon
Manor-farm, Idmiston, near Salisbury.
At Brighton, aged 64, Mary, relict of J. Wal-
lace, esq. *
At Ongar-park-hall, Essex, aged 84, Mr. John
Stallibrass.
Sepi. 19. At Tync-hall, nford, Essex, aged 79,
Recfi Price, esq., M.D.
John llaylock, esq., of Balsham-place, Cam<-
bridgcshire.
At St. Thomas's-placc, Guernsey, Elizabeth
Matilda, widow of Henry Hodges, esq., of Lin-
wood, Lyndhurst, Hants.
At his residence, Millbrook, Jersey, aged 68,
John Tutton, esq.
At New York, J. R. Rice, the transatlantio
delineator of negro character, and well-known
in this country as the origrinal *' Jim Crow."
When Mr. Bice returned fiom Europe, he was
eagerly engaged by theatrical managers through-
out America, for the pourtrayal of nigger pecu-
liarities, and he played as a star in most of the
theatres. He retained his popularity to the last,
but is believed to have been in indigent circum-
stances at the time of his death.
Sept. 20. At Higham-lodge, near Colchester,
aged 71, T. C. Brettingham, esq.
At Upper Harloy-st., Emily, widow of John
Gilbert, esq., late of the Audit-office, Somerset-
house, and of Tonbridge, Kent.
At Ashburton, aged 58, Susanna Dolbeare,
only dau. of the late B. Parham, esq., solicitor.
At Morlaix, Mile. M. du Guiny, from an attack
of apoplexy with which she was seized just as
she was alighting from a diligence, and which
carried her off in a few hours. It was this lady
and her sister who in 1832 concealed in their
house the Duchess de Berri, when traced to
Nantes by the police of the Goyernment of July.
After the arrest of the Princess, the sisters were
prosecuted, and their trial caused a great sensa-
tion at the time. Since that period Mile, du
Guiny has been living retired with her family,
devoting herself to works of charity.
Srpi. 21. At West Hartlepool, aged 38, Chris-
topher Salmon, esq. Beside several local offices,
he for many years held the post of hon. secre-
tary to the West Hartlepool Literary and Me-
chanics' Institution, having been one of its earli-
est members, as he was, from first to last, one of
its most liberal supporters and zealous friends.
At Spaunton, aged 50, Henry Brewster Darley,
esq., of Aldby-park, and of Spaunton-manor,
North-Hiding of Yorlf.
At Hoeinheim, near Strasbourg, aged 25, Edw.
Swainton, son of Edw. Swuinton Strangways,
esq., jun., of Alne.
At Inverness-ter., aged 57, Thos. Paley, esq.,
second son of John Green Paley, esq., of Gak-
lands, near Harrogate.
In London, aged 21, Edwin Henry, second son
of Richard Farhall, of Newbridge-house, Billings-
hurst, esq.
At Clifton, Mary Fitzgerald, laat surviving
dau. of the late Lient.-CoL Rois, 4th Drmgoon
Guards.
At Thorpe Hamlet, near Norwich, aged 71,
Robert Morris, esq.
Sept. 72. At Heath -oottage, Kentish -town,
aged 86, John Vine Hall, esq., the author of the
** Sinner's Friend.*' He was the fother of Dr.
Newman Hall, and of Capt. Tine Hall, Ute of
the *' Great Eastern." His life was prolonged
to see his tract reach its 356th edition ; it is said
that it has been translated into twenty-nine lan-
guages, and circulated to the number of more
than a million and a-half of copies.
John Skinner, only son of the late Thomas
Noswortby, esq., of Dix's-field, Exeter.
At Brighton, G. Whiteley, esq., of TreTor-t«r.,
Knightsbridge, barrister-at-law.
In Cambridge-et., Ecdeston-sq., aged 39, Rbt.
Follett Synge, esq., Major let West India Regt.,
late of the 67th Regt. of Foot.
At his residence, Colet-place, Commereial-rd.,
East, aged 84, Ralph Darling, of H.M.'a Customs.
At Broughton-hall, Staffordshire, Jane^ wife of
the Rev. Delves Broughton.
At Great Chesterford-park, Eaaez, aged 43,
Edw. Wall, esq., late of Middleton, Norfolk.
Sept. 23. At Cheltenham, aged 49, Elixabeth
Harriet, widow of Col. Calaney, R.M. light
Infantry, and third dau. of the late Her. Thomas
Snell. Rector of Windlesham, Surrey.
In Imperial-sq., Cheltenham, aged 92, Mary,
relict of John Kingdon, esq., ot Cheltenham.
At Southsea, aged 78, Vice-Adm. the Hon. H.
Dilkes Byng. The deceased, who entered the
navy in 1791, was grand-nephew of the unfor-
tunate Yicc-Adm. Byng, who was executed in
1757.
At Clifton-cottage, near York, Franees Anne,
wife of J. A. Knipe, esq., of London, and aixth
dau. of the late Rev. John Ogle, formerly chap-
lain to H.M.'s 6th Regt. of Foot, and Curate of
Hunsingore, York.
At Clifton, Frances Marianne, widow of MiJ.-
Gen. Thomas Leighton, Bombay Army.
At Henbnry, aged 80, Mrs. Elizabeth Whalley,
of West Mall, CUfton, widow of the Rev. R. T.
Whalley, Rector of Yeovilton, and of Ilcheater,
Somerset.
Sept. 24. At Old Brompton, aged 65, Henry
Courtenay, Lieut. R.N., 1815.
At his residence. Sylvan-lodge, Brighton, aged
80, John Colbatch, esq.
In Paris, aged 71, the Marquis de Forget, a re-
tired naval officer. At the capture of Algfen in
lb30, the Marquis was appointed commander of
the port. He was son of a UeuL-gen. who, under
the ancient monarchy, filled the post of Master
of the Hawks; and his wife waa a granddau.
of Jaquos Cazotte, the author of the Dimklt
Jmoureux, whose daughter attained great cele-
brity during the Revolution of 1789.
Sept. 25. At Locking, Westoa-euper-Mai«v
aged 40, Charles Penrose Coode, Mi^ Royal
Marines, and eldest son of the tatte Viee-Admiral
Sir John Coode, K.C.B.
At Ctaigic-house, Jamea Campbell, eaq., of
Craigie, Ayrshire.
I860.]
Obituary.
563
At Cheltenham, aged 49, Major Charles D.
Mylne, II.M.'s Bomhay Army.
At Bridgnorth, Annie, widow of James Baker,
esq., formerly of Market Drayton.
At Sowerby, near Thirsk, aged 82, Priscilla,
widow of James Wilkinson, esq., of London.
At East Leigh, Uavant, Hants, aged 75, James
Woodman, esq., M.D.
At the Rectory, after a very short illness, aged
35, Jemima Emma, eldest dau. of the Rev. O. W.
Curtis, of Pudworth, near Reading.
Sept. 2G. At Aveley-hall, Essex, aged 39,
Joseph Eaton Joyner, esq.
At Torquay, aged 29, Isabella Maria, widow of
Capt. Francis Constable Jackson, late of the I2th
Rc-gt. B.N.I., and Stud Department, Bengal.
At Daventry, aged 63, Elizabeth, youngest and
last surviving dau. of the Rev. William Hussey,
late Rector of Sandhurst, Kent.
At Salisbury, aged 93, Eleanor, widow of Robert
Lindoe, esq., M.D., of Clifton.
At Christ Church Parsonage, Tunbridge Wells,
while on a visit, Richard Hudson, esq., late
Sheriff of the county of Wicklow, and brother
to the late Edward Hudson, esq., L.L.D., of
Weston, near Bath.
Suddenly, at Clipstone- house, Kettlestone,
aged 61, William Emerson, eldest son of the
late Wm. Loades Rix, esq., of Walsingham.
Sept. 27. At Portlemouth Rectory, aged 44,
Catharine Frances, wife of the Rev. T. B. Wells,
Rector.
Mary, wife of Benjamin James, esq., of Vio-
toria-pl., Falsgrave-road, Scarbro*.
At Old Charlton, aged 90, Lady Fisher, relict
of Major-Gen. Sir George Bulteel Fisher, K,H.,
R.A.
Aged 65, John Ooodacre, esq., of Lutterworth.
At Dronficld, aged 60, Samuel Lucas, esq.
At Sherborne, at an advanced age, the widow
of Major Hoar, R.M., late of Stonehouse.
At Bath, Major Dumfurd, late of H.M.*s 39th
Regt.
Sept. 28. Aged 84, C. Lombe, esq., of Great
Metton, Norfolk.
At Wrotham, aged 20, Blanche Emma, young-
est dau. of the Rev. Charles Lane.
At Leeds, aged 55, Mr. J. Bradshawe Walker,
author of " Wayside Flowers," " Spring Leaves,"
&c.
Aged 69, John Hesp, esq., solicitor, of West-
field-terr., Scarbro',
At Poole, aged 67, Mr. William Bound, for
many years a member of the Poole Town Council.
At Aldcnham-lodge, Herts, Charlotte Frances,
wife of the Rev. John Mason, and dau. of the
late Rev. Charles Yonge.
Sept. 29. At Clifton, near Bristol, aged 78, Julia,
Dowager Lady Wrotteslcy. widow of John, first
Lord Wrotteslcy. The deceased lady, who was
the second wife of the late lord, was dau. of Mr.
John Conyers, and widow of Capt. the Hon. John
Astley Bonnet, R.N.
At Plymouth, aged 65, James Lloyd, esq., of
Compton Dundon Rectory, Somerset.
At his residence, Knightrider-st., Maidstone,
agid 87, John Peale, esq.
At Savile-house, Jersey, aged 59, William
Pigott Shuckburgh, esq., of the Moot, Downton,
J. P. for the county of Wilts.
At Newport, Isle of Wight, aged 25, Frances
Mary, wife of William B. Mew, esq., and young-
est dau. of J. M. Templeman, esq., of Crewkeme,
Somerset.
Aged 86, J. Bullock, esq., of Faulkboum-haU,
Essex, and Bryanston-sq.
Suddenly, of spasmodic asthma, Sarah, wife of
the Rev. P. Cater, Baptist Minister, Peckham.
At Whitchurch, aged 86, Mary, relict of Rich.
Powdrell, esq., of Farndon, having survived her
husband 51 years.
Sept. 30. At Clapton, aged 73, the Rev.
Alexander Fletcher, D.D., Minister of Finsbury
Chapel. Some weeks ago he became subject to
an attack of bronchitis, on which, notwithstand-
ing every care, dropsy in the chest supervened,
and, from the appearance of these symptoms, all
hope of recovery was abandoned. Dr. Fletcher's
last sermon was preached to nearly 8,000 children
in Surrey Chapel, in February last, and ttom that
time he gradually declined in health. His fame
rests mainly upon his talent in preaching to
children, and upon his *' F^eunily Devotion," of
which more than 50,000 eopies have been sold in
England alone, besides numerous editions in the
United States. Dr. Fletcher was bom on April
8th, 1787, at the Bridge of Tdth, Doune, Perth-
shire, being the son of the Rev. William Fletcher,
of that place, a minister of the A8.sociate Synod.
He was educated at the University of Glasgow,
and on taking orders he became oo-pastor with
his father. In the year 1810 he came to London,
and occupied in succession the pulpits of Mile-
end-road, MilesVlane, Albion Chapel, Moorfields,
and Finsbury Chapel. Dr. Fletcher leaves be-
hind a widow and one daughter, Mrs. Hard-
castle, the wife of J. A. Hardcastle, esq., M.P.
for Bury St. Edmunds.
Aged 64, Wm. Layton, esq., J.P., Ely.
At Peekham, Surrey, aged IS, Emily Helm,
only surviving dau. of J. A. Silk Buckingham,
esq., Jamaica, and granddau. of the late Jas.
Silk Buckingham, esq.
At Geneva, aged 76, Camilla, relict of the late
Rc7. Edward PUyer, and eldest dau. of the late
James Sloper, esq., of Bath.
At Naples, Bfadame Dupont. She was the
second dau. of the late Sir Andrew Snape
Douglas, Kt, and sister of the last Lady Bowyer.
Oct. 1. At Baton-pl. aged 58, Sarah, widow
of the Rev. Samuel Crane, Incumbent of Holy
Trinity Chapel, Bordesley, near Birmingham.
Margaretta, wife of George Nonnau, esq., of
the Circus, and dau. of the late John Kitaon, esq.,
of Bath.
At Clifton, Katharine, wife of Major Gaiaford,
of Bagstone, Gloucestershire.
At the Manor-house, Littie Marlow, Bocks,
aged 39, Mary Eleanor, wife of George Jackson,
esq., and second dau. of the late Thomas Blayney,
of the Lodge, Evesham, Worcestershire.
At Betchton-house, Chester, aged 70, George
Sewell, esq.
At Royston, Elizabeth, dau. of the late Rev.
564
Obituary.
[Nov.
C^eorge Pennington, many years Wear of Bas-
Bingboume, Cambs.
At Enhain-house, near Andover, aged 70, Capt.
W. J. Prowse, R.N.
At the Bank, Rochester, aged 22, Harriet
Elizabeth, eldest dau. of John Stone, esq.
At Huverstock-hiU, Sophia, dau. of the late
Rev. R. Collett, A.M., formerly of Westerham,
Kent, and wife of the Kev. H. J. Carter Smith,
A.M., Incumbent of St. Andrew's.
At his residence. Bury St. Edmunds, aged 48,
Mr. David Goldsmith. He was for many years
a member of the Town Council, and served the
office of Maj'or in 1850-1, and again in 1856-7 ;
was a Paving Commissioner, and a member of
the Burial Board ; and took an active part in all
measures for the improvement and advantage
of the town.
Oct. 2. In Northgate-street, Bury St. Edmunds,
aged 93, W. Dalton, esq. Mr. Daltou, who had
passed much of his time abroad, used to relate
that he had been present in the National Assem-
bly when Robespierre and Danton, Couthon and
St. Just were its ruling spirits ; in the mock as-
sembly of the Consulate, at the Peace of Amiens ;
in the Chambers of the Restoration and of the
Orleans d>'nasty; and in the Assembly of the
Republic of 1848. His travels, which were con-
tinued to the last year of his life, extend«>d over
great part of Europe, and he visited America as
lately as 1849, and Constantinople when the Al-
lied forces were assembled in the Bo^phorus,
although then in his 87th year. He was the
prime mover of the Act to which the town of
Bury owes so much improvement during the last
half century, and under which he was last sur-
vivor of the appointed Commissioners, but he
seldom appeared before the public on political
occasions. In the profession of the law, ft-om
which he had retired many years, be had great
reputation. In private life, though abrupt in
manner and absolute in temper, and therefore
not popular with those who did not fully know
him, he was a man of uncompromi><ing integrity
and high moral worth— steady in his friendships
and ready in good offices for those who needed
them ; and though he often declined to join in
public displays of charity, many were his sub-
stantial bounties which never saw the light.
Mr. Dalton nmrried, rather late in life, Miss
Alexander, niece of the first Earl of Caledon, and
aunt to Lord Cran worth, but had no family.
Two sisters survive him.
At Horton, Gloucestershire, Elizabeth Lumley,
relict of Joseph Lumley, esq., of Harlestone,
Northamptonshire, and dau. of the late Robert
Andrew, esq., of Harlestone-park.
At Berwick St. Johns, Wilts, aged 77, Charlotte,
relict of the Rev. Richard Downes, Rector of
that parish, and eldest dau. of the late Thomas
OrowB, esq., of Feme.
At Myrtle-cottage, Fremington, aged 83, Eliza-
beth, relict of Lieut. -Col. Balcombe, 1st Dragoon
Guards.
At Hastings, Jane, wife of Thomas Hazard,
esq., Stoke Ncwington, eldest surviving dau. of
the late R. W. Porter, esq., of Ipswich.
At the reddence of her mother, Weatfltrcet,
Poole, aged 24, Mary Ann ChorchiU, dan. of
James Churchill, esq., formerly tofwn-clerk of
Poole.
At Thome, aged 3, Eleanor NioholBoa, dan. of
George Kenyon, esq., solicitor.
In Duke-street, Bath, aged 79, Adm. Charlea
Gordon, C. B., brother of the late Admiral
Henry Gordon. The deceased was educated
at the Royal Naval Academy, and entered the
service as midshipman in June 1796. For three
years he was siguhl offleer to Adm. the Hon.
William Comwallis, in command of the Channel
fleet. He was then appdnted to the command
of the " St. Lucia*' sloop, off Antis^na, and re-
mained in it until May 1807, when ba had th»
misfortune to he captured. He was afterwards
appointed to the *' Caroline,'* 36, one (rf the squa-
dron employed in the destruction, durlBf Not.
1809, of more than eighty piratical reasels at
Ras-al-Khyma and other ports in the Persian
Gulf, rendering the most effeetual asriatance to
his senior officer, Capt. Wainwright. He next
commanded the ** Ceylon," an adopted Indiaman,
of 40 guns, in which vessel he fought. In Sept.
1810, a gallant night action off the Isle of France
with the French ships " Venus," 44 gnus, and
** Victor," 16 guns. Captain Gordon was among
the wounded, and owing to his diip beinf dis-
abled by the enemy, he was compelled to sur-
render to them. The '* Ceylon" was, however,
retaken the same day by the "Boadicea** and
the ** Otter" brig. Capt. Gordon and bis erew
were afterwards honourably acqoited by a eooit-
martial of all blame. Sinoe then the gaUant de-
ceased had been on half-pay. In 1840 be was
made a Companion of the Order of the Batb.
The late Admiral's commissions bore date as
follows :—Lient., March 11, 180S; Ootnomader,
May 20, 1806 ; Capt, Dec. 21, 1807 ; Bcar-Adm.,
Nov. 23, 1841 ; Vioe-Adm., Dec 17, ISftS; Admi-
ral, Jan. 20, 1858.
Oct. 3. At his residence. El Retiro, Camdeii-
hill, Kensington, aged 80, Alfred Edward Cbaloa,
R.A., portrait-painter to Her Mi^esty, Hooaawy
Member of the Society of Arts of Genera, and
Member of the Bodety of Arts in London.
After a short illness, aged 87, HenrjC Movnt,
esq., of Chippenham, second sanririnf eon of
William Moimt, esq., of Canterbnry.
At Baynton-honse, Wilts, Boee Bvrtyn 8taait»
youngest dan. of Robert Alexander Cochrane^
esq.
At Bray, Ireland, Rir WilUam B. ftmbic. bat.,
formerly of the 2Srd Royal Wdsb FAsUera.
Oct. 4. At Clifton, aged 00, BeiOamlB Peyton
Sadler, esq., R.N.
At Cleveland-row, St JaBiHiPi> aged 7$, Joetpb
Sanders, esq..
Aged 67, Joseph Hewlett, esq., iolieltar, of
Kirton-in-Undsey.
At hii residence. White Hart-lana^ TOttenlun,
G. A. Cottrell, ewi., late Aeooontant-Ocn. of
H.M.'s Inland Revenue.
Oct. 5. At Woolwich, aged Aft, GbarleaOHqpejr,
esq., Inspector-Gen. of Ho^dtala.
At Torquay, Franeet SoMBMb,
I860.]
Obituary.
e65
of George Burdon, esq., of Heddon-hoose, North-
umberland.
Aged 39, Margaret Anne, wife of Henry Hod-
son, esq., of Gipton-lodge, near Leeds, and eldest
dau. of William Harland, esq., M.D., of Scar-
borough.
At Southampton, aged 93, Mr. Robert Duncan.
He was present at Lord Howe's victory over the
French fleet on the ** glorious 1st of June,"
1794.
At Castle Camps, Carabs., aged 74, Jemima,
-wife of the Rev. £. A. Marsh, formerly of Cook-
field.
At Lowestoft, aged 58, Joseph Gee, esq., of
Cottingham and Evethorpe.
At her grandfather's, Lougparish, Hampshire,
Emma Elizubeth, eldest child of Capt. Charles
Thompson, of the Indian Army.
At Ostend, after a short illness, aged 55, Mat-
thew Uzielli, esq., of Hanover-lodge, Regent's-
park. The deceased was of very humble origin,
but his financial talent was soon discovered in
the French house of Devauz and Co., of London*
which he entered in early life as a clerk, so that
he became in due time a partner in the firm : he
was also a director in the South Western, in the
Luxembourg, and in several other railwajrs.
At Broseley, Salop, Mr. Richard Thursfield,
jun., late Commoner of Christchurch, Oxford.
In Holles-st., Cavendish-sq., Wm Horwood,
esq., M.D., of Ridware, Staffordshire, for many
years a Justice of the peace for that oonnty.
At her reeideoce, Orosvenor-^te, Park-lane,
Louisa Catherine, wife of Sir John William Fisher,
and eldest dau. of the late William Haymes, esq.
of Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestersh.
Oct. 6. Eliza, wife of Willington Clark, esq.,
of Sutton, Surrey.
At the Heath, Weybridge, aged 68, Sarah,
widow of David J irdine, esq., of the Middle
Temple, barrister-at-law, and of Cumberland-
terr., Rcgent's-park, having survived her hns-
bund only three weeks and two days.
At Hazeldine - house, Redmarley, aged 60,
Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Gee Roberts, K.C.B., of
II.M.'s Bombay Army. The deceased was the
second son of the late Mr. W. Roberts, of Glouoes-
U-r, and was bom in 1800. He entered the mili-
tary service of the East India Company in 1818,
in the Bombay establishment, and attained the
rank of Major-Gen. in 1854 ; he was also Col. of
the 21 8t Rcgt. of Native Infantry. He married,
in 1838, Julia Maria, dan. of the Rev. Robert
Roikes, Rector of Longhope, Gloucestershire, by
whom he has left a family.
At Dover, aged 60, Guy Qoelin, esq., Royal
Engineers* Department.
At Clifton-pk., Birkenhead, aged 34, Charlotte,
youngest surviving dau. of the late Comm. O. S.
Parsons, R.N.
At his residence. Hale, near Stamford, Lincola-
shire, aged 66, Humphrey Orme, esq., of Hala,
Lincolnshire, Doddington, Cambs., and Pole-
brook, Notts., the last of an ancient family, son
and heir of Walden Orme, e^q., of Peterborough,
and 18ih in direct descent fr ftavd I. H«
was formerly an officer in t Dra-
goons, with which regiment he served in the
actions of Quatre Bras, Genappe, and Waterloo.
At Paris, M. de Lourdoueix, the chief editor
of the Gazette, and one of the oldest members of
the Parisian press.
Oct. 7. At her reridenoe, Bemagh, oo. Tyrone,
aged 86, Catherine Ann, relict of the Hon. Yesey
Knox, second son of the first Visoount North-
land, and brother and uncle to the successive
Earls Ranfurly. This lady was the eldest and
last surviving dau. of Major-Oen. Gisbome, of
Derbyshire, of whom mention is made in ** Jn-
nius's Letters." He was Governor of Charle-
mont Fort, and for some time Deputy Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland. The
second daughter married Ma^or Burke, of Fahie,
oo. Galway, many years hebSpresnmptive to the
earldom of Clanricarde; and the third, Mr.
Gordon of Belfast.
At Leamington, aged 77, Sarah Elixa, relict of
T. C. Cann, esq., of Bath, and eldest dan. of the
late Rd. Litchfield, esq., of Great Torrinerton.
Hugh Octavins Barten, youngest son of the
Rev. G. H. Parminter, Rector of St. John and
St. George, Exeter.
Aged 85, Richard West, esq., of Lady-well,
Lewisham, Kent.
At Garendon-pork, aged 17, Mary, fourth dan.
of Ambrose Lisle Phillipps, esq.
At Bndleigh Salterton, aged 89, Mr. Charlea
Pcrriam.
At Plymouth, aged 66, Elisa, relict of Samuel
Williams, esq., solicitor.
At Brighton, aged 78, Jane, wife of the Hon.
Archibald Macdonald, and dau. of the late
Duncan Campbell, esq., of Ardneave, Island of
Islay, N.B.
At Leamington, aged 78, Sarah Eliza, widow
of Thomas Croxall Cam, nq., surgeon, of Bath.
Oct. 8. Aged 24, Kate, wife of W. Loey, esq.
surgeon. Fenny Stratford.
At Veiitnor, Isle of Wight, aged 8i William
Thomas Holme Barrow, esq., mrgeon. Settle,
Yorkshire.
In Gay-st, Bath, Lieat.-Col. Spenoe, C.B.,
late of the Slst Regt. He was present with his
regiment in the action of Stnola, near Genoa, on
the 13th of April, 1814, and also at the surrender
of Corsica in the same year. In 1815 he served
with the army in Naples. In 1825 he sailed for
India, in the ship "Kent," but the vessel was
burnt ia the Bay of Biscay, and he was obliged
to return. He subsequently reached that country,
and commanded the Slst Regiment at the bat-
tles of Moodkee (soon after its oommenoement),
Fenneshah (fJor which he was appointed a Com-
panion of the Bath), Buddiwal and Aliwal, and
the Ist Brigade of Sir Harry Smith's division at
the battle of Sobraon, and he was one of only five
officers out of thirty who escaped being wounded
in all these actions. At Feroseshah and at BO'
bracn he had his hone shot under him. He had
received the war-medal and three clasps.
Oct. 9. Very suddenly, (whilst on a visit at the
residence of Robt. Milligan, esq., of Acacia,)
Mary, wife of Henry Forbes, esq., of Harrogate.
At HarrogBta, aged 86, J. G. P«Iey, esq., of
566
Obituary.
[Nov.
Oatlands and Langcliffe, Yorkshire, many years
deputy-lieut. and magistrate of the West Riding.
At Leamington, Elizabeth, relict of Taylor
Combe, esq., F.R.S., of the British Museum.
In Guildford-road, South Lambeth, aged 59,
Robert Hughes, esq., of the Admiralty ; also, on
the 12th, aged 53, Ke/.ia, wife of the above.
At Ballinasloe, aged 76, Charles De la Garde,
esq., formerly Colonel of the East Jersey Militia.
At Forest-green -house, near Dorking, aged
26, Holland, eldest son of Thomas Grabum,
esq., of that place.
At Staunton, near Coleford, aged 35, Annie,
■wife of the Rev. W. C. Dowding, of Lytham,
Lancashire.
At Brough, aged 80, Ann, relict of Mr. Thos.
Jaques, late of Warwicks, near Howden.
Oct. 10. At Hounslow, aged 66, lieut-Col.
James Ward, formerly of Jamaica.
At Kilmore, co. Wexford, (the residence of
Lieut. Sullivan, R.N., his son-in-law,) William
Empson, esq., formerly of North Molton, Devon.
At Southport, aged 52, the Rev. George E. W.
Davison, B.A., of Haddlcsey-house, near Sclby.
At Shipley, aged 87, Mrs. Matthews, relict of
Leonard Matthews, formerly of Dan-hill, Thake-
ham, SusHex.
Aged 80, Fred. Perkins, esq., of Chipstead-pl.
At Cliftonvjlle, near Brighton, Mary, relict of
F. W. Stanford, esq., formerly of the 1st Life
Guards, and mother of J. F. Stanford, esq., of
Foley-house, Portland- pi ace.
Oct. 11. At his residence, Brecknock-cres.,
aged 79, J. Shaw, esq., upwards of fifty years
with Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, Fleet-st.
Oct. 12. Suddenly, at Shaftesbury-villas,
Kensington, aged 39, Capt. John Andrew Pope,
Paj-master 67th Regt.
At Clifton, aged 83, Matilda Jorden, wife of
John Eydc Manning, esq.
Oct. 13. At Taunton, Charles Lindsey, esq.,
of St. George's-villas, Compton-road, Canonbury,
and Wood-st., Cbeapside, London.
At Weston-super-Mare, suddenly, Ann Octa-
via, fourth dau. of the late Rev. Samuel Alford,
M.A., of Healc-house, near Langport, Somerset.
At Wraysbury, aged 32, Agnes Mary, wife of
the Rev. Seymour Neville.
At Broncote, near Stafford, aged 73, Thomas
Ilartshorne, esq., for many years an active
magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for the coimty.
In Dcvonshire-pl. W., aged 75, Elizab'th
Henshaw. She lived forty-three years respected
and beloved in the service and friend^ihip of the
late Lady Elizabeth Reyne'l and her children.
Oct. 14. At Newick-park, Sussex, the Lady
Catherine Saunderj«on. Iler ladyship was second
djtu. and fourth child of the Hon. John Crichton,
colonel in the army, and Governor of Hurst
Castle, {second son of John, first Earl of Erne,)
who died in 1833. In 1842, on the death of
Abraham, second Earl of Erne, the eldest son of
Colonel Crichton succeeded to the title, and is
the present Earl, and shortly afterwards his
brothers and sisters were raised to the precedency
of Earls' children. Lady Catherine had, in 1825,
married the Rev. Francis Saundcrson.
14
Aged 19, at Melton Mowbray, Mr. John Webb
Hickson, senior Grecian, Christ's Hospital,
eldest son of the late Rev. C. Hickson, B.A.,
formerly Curate of Romsey, Hants.
At Brompton, aged S7, Mr. Robert Calvert.
Aged 55, J. King, esq., surgeon, of Helmsley.
Oct. 15. At Headingley-hill, near Leeds, aged
77, John Ellershaw, esq.
At Ventnor, Isle of Wight, aged 68, Mr. John
Clifford, of Nottingham.
In the Grey Friars, Gloucestershire, aged 89,
James Wintle, esq., formerly of Saint Bridge,
near Gloucester, for many years a deputy-lieu-
tenant and magistrate for Gloucestershire.
Oct. 16. Aged 89, John Mirfin, esq., formerly
of Doncaster.
At Lower Clapton, James, eldest son of the
late James Kimber, esq., of London.
At South Croxton Rectory, aged 85, Miss
Bridget Clough, aunt of the Rev. John and
Mrs. Wilkinson.
At Betchworth-house, Surrey, aged 68, Caro-
line Eliza, wife of John Richmond JafRray, esq.,
of Eaton-sq., and youngest dan. of the late Capt.
Woodriff, R.N.
At Boulogne, Lady Kinnicr Macdonald, widow
of the late Sir John Kinnier Macdonald, of Sanda.
At Midhurst, aged 82, Miss Winter.
At Wylam, aged 84, Mr. Jonathan Forster.
His services at that colliery as engineer for three
generations of the Blackett family extended over
a period of fifty years. He was engineer there
when the locomotive was first introduced ; and
his practical knowledge was at all times tnelj
at the service of his intimate acquaintance, the
late George Stephenson.
Oct. 17. At the Vicarage, Dunsford, aged 79,
Anna Maria, widow of Baldwin Fulford, esq., of
Fulford, Devonshire.
At her residence, 8t Giles's, Oxford, Catherine,
relict of Anthony Grayson, D.D., Principal of
St. Edmund Hall.
Oct. 18. In Grafton-et., aged 61, the Right
Hon. La^y Downes.
At Higham-hall, Essex, David Baird, esq., of
Stichill.
In Tufnell-park-terrace, Upper HoUoway, aged
37, Capt. James William Cottell, of H.M.*8 Bom-
bay Army.
Oct. 19. At Alton-house, Highbury New-pk.,
James Pollock, eldest son of John Kilpatrick, esq.
At Sevenoaks, Kent, aged 54, R. £. Adams,
esq., eldest son of the lute Capt. Adams, R.N.
Oct. 20. At Kensington, Anne, widow of T. B.
Bingley, esq., Bengal Horse Artillery, and eldest
dau. of the late Major-Gen. 8ir John Horsford,
K.C.B., Bengal Artillery.
At Fulham, aged 24, Theodore, eldest son of
Theodore and Mary Lockhart, and grandson of
the late James Lockhart, e<Ki.
Oct. 21. At River, near Dover, aged G9, Capt.
Benjamin Aplin, R.N.
At Brompton, aged 81, Mrs. Mary Elicabetb,
relict of Edward James, esq., of Greenwich, Kent.
Oct. 22. At Beaminster, Dorset, aged 70,
Samuel Cox, esq., Depnty-Lieut., and upwards
of 33 years Magistrate for the county.
I860.]
567
TABLE OP MORTALITY AND BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON
(Ih>m the Eetums issued hf the Be^fistrar-Ghneral,)
DEATHS REGISTERED.
BTJFEBIKTEin>EKT
BEGISTBiJtS'
Area
in
Statote
Acres
Popula-
tion
in
1851.
Deaths in Districts, &c,, in the Week
ending Saturday,
DIBTBICT8.
Sept.
22.
1860.
Sept.
29,
1860.
Oct.
6.
1860.
Oct.
18.
1860.
Oct.
20.
1860.
Mean Temperature
55-0
601
51-9 46-8
500
London
78029
2362236
1017
1056
1076 1 1008
1116
1-6. West Districts .
7-11. North Districts .
12-19. Central Districts
20-25. East Districto .
26-36. South Districts .
10786
13583
1938
6230
45542
376427
490896
893256
485522
616685
159
188
156
217
801
193
202
143
242
276
161
211
175
289
289
135
206
147
200
811
168
193
152
279
824
Week ending
Saturday.
Sept. 22
,. 29
Oct. 6
13
20
f»
t9
Deaths Registered.
!^ 9 «
tj « «*5'
S^
550
589
624
552
646
'25
o
01
143
185
120
126
140
a §j
148
163
155
163
156
8'^
140
143
140
127
143
s|
35
26
36
30
31
I
1016
1056
1075
1008
1116
Births Registered.
$
859
909
982
813
989
S
■a
§
811
893
884
876
861
I
1670
1802
1816
1689
1800
PRICE OP CORN.
Average ^ Wheat,
of Six > #. d.
Weeks, j 61 1
Week ending! go o
Oct. 16. f''''
Barley.
«. d.
39 11
Oats.
«. d.
24 8
Rye.
«. d.
87 3
Beans.
«. d.
50 11
Peas.
«. d.
42 8
I 41 11 I 24 2 I
I 47 0 I 43 8
PRICE OP HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHPIELD, Oct. 18.
Hay, 21, 10«. to 52. ISs, — Straw, II, 10*. to II, 16#. — Clover, 3/. lOf. to 01, Of.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-MARKET.
To sink the Offiil — per stone of Slbs.
Beef 4f. 4rf. to 4». lOrf.
Mutton 48, 6d.to^, 2d,
Veal 3*. id, to 4^. 4d,
Pork 4*. Od. to5*. id.
Lamb Of. Oci. to Of . Od.
Head of Cattle at Market, Oct. 18.
Beasts 1,170
Sheep and Lambs 6.600
Calves 89i^
Pigs : 140
COAL-MARKET, Oct. 22.
Bedt Wallsend. per ton. 19f. ^, to 21f . Qd. Other sorts. 14f. 3<2. to 17f . Qd.
METEOROLOOICU. DIART, bt H. OOULD, Ute W. CAST, 181, 8TUini.
Awa September 24 to Octoher 2S, inebuiee.
riiennameter. ;IJarain
■s-s
I--
s
ll
Weather.
«5
ll
§
u
&s
-hZ
'Sh
kB
X'A
Sept
=
s
in.
pt«.
S.pt
*
o
o
[n. pts.
sri
J)H
4ft
in
:ly.feir,tij.rn.
w
f.il
43
29. 97
2S
+4
5»
4«
aft.
tit
rain, cloudv
10
45
4fi
(iS
2.9, M
do. rain, fair
«(i
Wl
SH
sa
7a
do. cly. hy. ra,
11
45
41;
m
as. 46
do. bvy. rain
W7
fi«
Ha
fifi
fH
dy, fr. ni. cly.
is
art
47
4;t
39. 8!
YH
fir.
Fi4
2H.
(ill
ay.m.dy.m
Mt
4ti
54
54
SH
-IH
(^<i
fii
^.
h:
cidy. do. do.
14
fiK
5K
29. 6(
do. oldj. fair
wt
!<fl
RK
10
(1!
fiiir, cloody
1ft
4H
ftft
5ft
29. 66
0.1
Wl
fift
Sn
TO
ifi
lt>
fiS
h'l
4«
29. 66
cloudy, rain
«
4H
(in
{.V,
HO.
ar
do. do.
17
AO
5(1
4.-.
29. 6C
lair
H
■4K
AH
fti^
■to
m
la. da.
1H
5(1
tW)
50
29. 57
do.
4
'M
HI"
fill
«).
en
io. ruin, cldj,
111
ft?l
Rfi
fi4
29. 61
b
f;»
6fl
^n
an
clondy, fBir
Wl
■t^
(V)
4fl
i9. 97
«
h-/
til
-ifi
1(1.
a:i
■/I
■iM
5V
47
30. 01
Tair, cloudv
7
51
(iV
f>fi
«)
IH
r^
hft
5H
fit
30. 03
do. do.
8
50
5M
44
30.
19
do.
ss
56
60
ftS
30. 04
doudy, rain
DAILY PMCE OP STOCKS.
Btpt
CrniwlB.
SP«t
Htw
jr.
Bink
Bt«k.
41.000.'
iESf.
iSl,000.
'S"*
24
26
26
27
28
29
93i i
98 i
93 i
93 i
m i
93 i
93i i
93 i
9Si i
93 i
92 3t
92 3
92 n
92 (
92 i
92 i
92 3
92 i
92 i
92 3
92 3
S2) 3
Sbat
Shut
Shut
SbDt
Shot
Shut
Shut
Shnt
Shut
Shot
Shut
Shnt
par. 8 pm.
par.
par. S pm.
par. 8 pm.
3pI
par. Spin.
8pin.
I. ipm.
1. 4 pm.
103
108 t
103* *
108
103
108
103 i
108 *
103 *
lOSI *
103 1
217
218
6dii.
Sdk.
2
3
218
220
4dU
G.ldU.
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
2. 6 pm.
1. 4 pm.
par. 4 pm.
parlspn.;
3 pin.
par. 8 pm.
par. 8 pm.
par. 8 pm.
par. 8 pm.
par. 8 pm.
l'^
2 pm.
221
220f
219*
2191
219 19*
1091 *
1081 *
108 1
1031 j
1031
108*
103 1
108 *
■"•,*r
9:i i
9U i
9ii k
91 i
91 i
91 i
91 i
91* *
91i i
9U i
91* i
91*
91i
911
9ii
91*
91i
81i
91!
91 i
9U
9ii
227* 29
229 30
228*30
229 30*
229* 31
229 81
229* 31
229* 31
281
229* 31
230 1
219 20
4dU.
par.
219
221
221
220 1
219* 21
all
4du.
4di>.
4di«.
103 *
108 i
108* 1
108
108 1
ALFRED WHITMORK,
Stock and Share Broker,
19, Change AJh^, Li»din, BXL
COAT ARMOUR ASCRIBED TO OU B SAVIOUR.
572 Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour. [Dec.
ceived even to taint the blood: so that the free and the enslaved were
forbidden to marry together^, — in some states under pain of deaths —
and in all, the issue of such marriages were doomed to inherit the con-
dition of their slave-born parent*. There seemed to be but one asylum
^ Lex Salica, tit. 14, cap. 6 : '* Si quis ingenans ancillaxn alienam in ooiyogiam ac-
ceperit, ipse cam ca in servitiam implioetur." See also Georgiach corp. jor. Qerm* L c
p. 171.
^ Lex Bargundionum, tit. 35, §2: "Si iogenna paella volontarie le aervo ocm-
janxcrit, atramqae jubemas ocddL"
^ See Strabcn, Nehenstunden, part v. p. 240. The rale as expreaaed in the old
language was " Das kind folgt der aergem band," — tliat is to say. The issue ahall follow
the condition of the hand that fixes scandal on the marriage. Distaste to servitude
was carried so far, amongst the ancient German free races, that even vnislnge to the
emperor himself disqualified, not only the party consenting to it, but also his issue,
from contracting a legal marriage with any perfectly flree family : that is to say, if an
ingenuua or ptlre freeman took land in fief of the emperor, or any one else, on condition
that he (the tenant) and his heirs performed certain civil services to the lord of the
fee, such as grinding his corn, supplying him with bows and arrows, fish on a fast day,
&o., &c., this sank the party exposed to such obligations down into an inferior grade
called mitUlflreie, or mesne-freemen, and all his family descended with him, because
each of them was exposed to the contingency of being his heir. He and all his fiunily
thus became minitterialea to the lord, who, if he mortgaged the fief, might have in-
cluded them and their services in the mortgage ; neither could they have been restored
to their primitive condition, until they had been formally emancipated. It must be
borne in mind, however, that the services here spoken of were quite distinct fVom any
thing in the nature of serriti«m militare, or of what we call grand tefjeni^i tat these
infiicted no degradation. They were rather such as were called, with us, litile setyeuty.
This is a point of old feudal law worth knowing ; because it is the principle from
which the Continental doctrine of mesalliance has sprung; and because the marriages
of English with members of the Continental aristocracy are, even at the present day,
often aficctcd by that doctrine. Let me therefore exemplify what I have said by a
case in point The family of Maliitz is one of the moat ancient io Germany^ and may
be called one of the most noble, in the Continental sense of the word. Bat aa it had no
seat and voice in the Diet, and as it consequently ranked inUr nobilet miuores^ I shall
here, for the sake of avoiding equivocal terms, call it a family of gentle birth. Thii^
supposing its freedom to be unabridg^ by any vassalage, was quite enough to render
it competent to intermarry with the very highest families of the German arist'^^racy ;
and, in fact, a marriage took place between one of its members^ Elisabeth of Maltiti,
and the Markgrave Henry of Meissen, in the year 1272. These parties had iaaoe; and
then it was discovered that the family of Maltitz was not quite so jftee as was irn-
agincd ; and that it owed some sort of ministerial service to the emperor. To a*%ve the
issue, therefore, from following the condition of their mother, a letter of emancipatioB
was obtained in 1278, from Rudolph of Hapsburg, then emperor, in which be deelam
the existing and f\iture issue of the marriage to be " as noble and J¥m as if they had
been bom of Bfive mother." The words of the original document are vwy remarkaUe :
after reciting the circumstances of the case, the emperor discharges the mother and
her issue of service in these words, " Ab omni tennlis leu mtinisierialu <*m4itionii
rcspectu de plenitudine regis potestatis eximimus, et ipaoa imgmtmtatu ae l^eri partns
honore ot titulo perpetuo insignimus ; volentes eos sic semper in antea in ii^nmormm
et nobilium sorte et numero reccnseri, ac ri de ventre lib^ro naii easent*" Ae., Ac The
letter of emancipation may be found, at full length, in WeA's Bmekfwiku^g der Simdi
I860.] Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour. 573
into which the slave could fly from the oppressors' contumely. This was
the Church. But even here he did not quite escape. The free-born priests
appear to have regarded him as an inferior being, whom no consecration
could purify or render worthy of officiating at the same altars as them-
selves. So strong was this feeling, that some of the more important of the
religious foundations admitted to their fraternity only such as were free.
In this we may see the origin of the noble Chapters of Germany.
Time went on. Many slaves had been emancipated. Many had run
away from their masters into neighbouring cities, and obtained their civic
rights and the sort of freedom which was the consequence of such an
acquisition. These were called by the laws of the time liberti and gefreite,
(that is to say,yretfif-men,) to distinguish them from the liberie or free-men®.
As may be supposed, the parties exposed to a distinction so invidious
endeavoured to escape from it, especially in the cities', where the bur-
gesses, for this purpose, called themselves freigeborne and freie^ that is
to say, freeborn-men and free-men.
The obstinately-continued usurpation of a multitude is generally success-
ful when unopposed by a greater multitude. So it was with the burgesses ;
for in the fourteenth century one finds them designated by the terms Jtm
?iud freigeborne, even in the Imperial chancery.
I>resd€ny p. 159. By this one sees tliat the competency of a person to intermarry with
the high nobility of the empire was ascertained by the fact of his being entitled to be
called ingenwM ; and if he were so entitled, it does not appear to have been necessary
that he should have been a native of the empire. Indeed, this seems to have been
decided, long afterwards, in the case of Prince John of Nassan-Siegen, who, in 1669,
married Eugenie de la Serre, the daughter of a French gentleman of blood and
ancestry, and the marriage was judicially declared valid in Sept. 1723. See Moser'a
StaaUrechty part xix. pp. 203 — 207.
* A similar distinction obtained until recently in New South Wales, between the
few colonists and the numerous emancipated convicts, — they were styled " free" and
freed," — and the descendants of each were, in popular phrase at least, known aa
Sterling" and " Currency." With the cessation of transportation, these class dis-
tinctions are dying out, and even while they existed in ftdl force, the convicts, whether
with tickets-of-leave or without, made themselves some amends by pertinaciously
refusing that appellation, and in intercourse with everybody except the police, insisting
on being styled " the Government people." Intending purchasers of land are known
to have gained " ample measure" by humouring this fancy of the Crovm surveyor's
field gangs.
' It seems generally admitted that when Henry the Fowler founded the German
cities, he induced some of the firee races to settle there. Others afterwards followed
their example, and as a reward for uniting themselves with the communities, received
offices of magistracy. These were afterwards called patricians, and their posterity
claimed the right of ranking themselves with the other free &milie8 of the empire.
But the latter regarded them as willing participators in the condition of enfranchised
slaves, had an utter contempt for them, refused to receive them at tournaments,
and even in 1754, when M. de Pfefiel wrote his Ahrege de VHistaire d^Allemagne,
refused to recognise their cUim. See that work, p. 76.
it
574 Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour. (Dec.
This naturally tended to confound the descendants of the ori^nal]y free
families with those of the emancipated slaves, and placed the former in a
' false position ; for it mixed them up, nominally, with their inferiors. It
also enahled the emancipated slave and his issue to pretend that, in his
capacity o( freeman, he was qualified to enter the Chapters, from which
slaves were excluded. We must not, therefore, be surprised to find in
ancient charters and books of jurisprudence technical terms such as
semperliberi 8, liberi puri, immer/reie, volligfreiey and the like, employed
to distinguish those races who were free from the beginning. But this
was not all. To save themselves from commixture with those of a slavish
origin, the militares and free families of the second class took the appella-
tive of those of the first, i.e. adelige or nobiles ; and those of the first class,
to save their rank, called themselves erlauche^ or illuetree^ : so that in the
fourteenth century we find ^ illustrious' to be the distinguishing epithet of
the peerage or nobility with hereditary seat and voice in the Diet, (called
in the law-books hoheadel and nobiles majores,) adelige to be that of such
as had no parliamentary privilege, and were termed in the books nieder"
adel or nobiles minor es, ?indfreie, the old-fashioned distinguishing epithet
of the most ancient and noble races, conceded to the burgesses and en-
franchised peasants.
We have been the more particular in stating these facts, because they
are not only elucidatory of my subject, but because they appear to have
escaped the notice of every English author who has treated on the state
of the ancient empire.
Long before this change became established, the Chapters had altered
their ancient statutes. Formerly it was sufiBicient that the candidate
should be a freeman, because tlie word then meant a man whose an-
cestors had always been free. Now, however, that the signification of
the word had been altered, they required more. A rule was made that
no man should be admitted to their body who could not prove himself to
be descended from four grand-parents each of whom was of free race.
The proof of this was the production of their family armorial bearings ;
for, during some centuries after the introduction of heraldry into Ger-
many, none but those families who belonged at least to the Equestrian
' The term semperliberi, or setnperfreie, as it is called in Oerman, it asnilly applied
to the families who had formerly seut and voice in the Diet. Bat the oonreciiieai of
tbU application may be doabted ; because there were some of them, like that of Fagger
of Augsburg, who were sprung from ennobled plebeians^ whereas many ftmiliw of the
Equestrian order were free from the b« ginning.
^ See Dantz, Privat-Recht, vol. iii. p. 212. The time when thk change took place
has ncvir been precisely ascertained ; but it b thought to have happened aboat the
end of the fourteenth century, probably soon after the cities acqvdred the right of
calling themselves free cities, which seems to have been about the year 1850.
rfcfTors Abrege de I'Uuttoire (TMlematjne, p. 2U7.
I860.] Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour. 575
order had the privilege of wearing arms^: and this was called proving
four quarters.
It need scarcely be said that when the free families of the second class
assumed the epithet nohilis, these Chapters did not neglect to apply it to
themselves in their corporate capacities; so that afterwards it became
commonly understood that no man could be a canon of Treves, Mayence,
Cologne, and other similar establishments, unless he were a nobleman of
four quarters ; that is to say, what the French called gentilhomme de nan
et d'armesy and what we called a gentleman of blood and ancestry ^.
£ut even this precaution did not preserve the Chapters immaculate. The
emperors had in the meantime found out a way of making people noble by
diploma or bull. These, as may be easily imagined, were at first laughed
to scorn by the Equestrian order ; but their nobility was nevertheless held
to be good, although inferior to that of the ancient races derived from their
original freedom. It could not, indeed, qualify the possessor for admission
into the noble Chapters ; but it led to a mode for facilitating the admission
of his children. If, for instance, a new made noble married a woman of
ancient race, (or vice versa,) the issue of the marriage would be entitled to
three escutcheons, viz. that of the newly ennobled parent, and those of the
father and mother of the parent of ancient family. In such a case the
emperor claimed the privilege of completing the qualification by granting
to a meritorious candidate the fourth escutcheon, which was wanting to
make up the requisite number. This of course led to abuses; and the
Chapters, therefore, raised a new barrier, by declaring that no one should
be received into their fraternity who could not prove sixteen quarters,
that is to say, a descent during four generations from ancestors each of
which was on both sides, paternal and maternal, of ancient and free race.
It was at a period when this qualification was most strictly insisted on,
that Martin Luther came before the world, and with him the Reformation.
Amongst some theses which he published,, at the commencement of his
quarrel with Albert de Magdeburg, Archbishop of Mayence, was one (at
least so the story goes) which started a singular question for discussion,
namely, whether Jesus Christ, at His second advent, could be received as
canon of a noble Chapter in case He should ofi^er Himself as a candidate for
that honour. The question is said to have excited great interest amongst
' See WappenheUuiigung, von S. W. Otter, stiick vii. p. 7, ed. Augsburg, 1761.
^ According to the old authorities, a gentleman of blood and ancestry in England
needed nothing but simple freedom on his maternal side, — that is to say, his mother
might have been the daughter of a yeoman or firee burgess. Bot Mr. Fosbroke says,
that about the time of Queen Elizabeth his mother and gprandmother were required
to be gentlefolks as well as his father and grandfather. See Arch., voL i. p. 863.
Perliaps he may mean the gentleman of blood and ancestry who was qualified to be
a knight of the Garter or of the British Language of the Order of Malta; for both of
these institutions required their members to be able to prove four quarters.
576
Coat Armour ascribed to Our Saviour.
[Dec.
the privileged orders, and to have travelled even to Spain, where it led to
another, viz. whether the Virgin Mary could be received into community
with the Orders reserved for ladies of gentle birth. The point was, ac-
cording to report, seriously mooted amongst the noble sisterhood, and a
doubtful judgment given rather unfavourable to the Virgin. The canons
of the German Chapters, however, arranged their afiair iu another manner.
A sort of gordian knot had been presented to them ; and feeling them-
selves, perhaps, unable to untie it, they cut it asunder by assigning to
our Saviour a regular escutcheon of sixteen quarters. Escutcheons of this
kind were formerly to be found hanging in most of the cathedrals whose
Chapters required gentilitial qualifications. But to give the Messiah an
escutcheon was not enough. They gave Him titles also; and these were
not the least extraordinary part of their beneficence, as will be seen by any
one who reads the enumeration of honours standing at the foot of the
heraldic drawing which accompanies the present paper. It is so curious
that I here repeat the original, with a literal translation at its side : —
TITEL CHRISTI.
Dcr Almaochtige onaeberwindliche Herr,
Herr Jesus Christos, von Ewigkeit, her-
gekroentor Keyser der HlmmUschen Herr-
scharren, Erwaehlter und Unsterblicher
Koenig des ganzen Erdbodens, des H.
Reichs einiger Hoher Pricstcr, Ertzbiscboff
der SeeleD, Churfiirst der Wabrheit, Er-
zborzog des Lebcns, Hcrzog der Ebren,
Fiirst nus Juda, Koenig zu Zion, Herzog
zu Botbleheniy Landgraf zu Galilea, Graf
zu Jerusalem, Troiberr von Nazareth,
Ritter der Himmlisrben Pforten, Herr
der Gerecbtigkeit und Herrlicbkeit, cin
PHcger der Wittwen tind Waiseu, Ricbter
der Lebcndigen iind der Toden, unser
allergiiaedigster tind gctrciicster Scbiitz,
Herr, iind Gott.
THE TITLES OP CHRIST.
The Almighty anoonqnenble Lord,
Lord Jesus Christ, troim and to eternity,
the crowned Emperor of the HeAveniy
Hosts, Chosen and Immortal King of ihe
whole Earth, Sole High-priest of the Holy
Realm, Archbishop of Souls, E3ector of
Truth, Archduke of Life, Duke T>f Honour,
Prince of Judah, King of Zion, Dnke of
Bethlehem, Landgmre of Gmlilee, Count
of Jerusalem, Baron of Nasareth. Knigbl
of the Heavenly Qates^ Lord of •Justioo
and Glory, a Cherisher of Widows and
Orphans, Judge of the Living and the
D«id, and our most gradoos and moat
true Protector, Lord, and God.
The only thing worthy of remark in the arrangement of the inMgnia is
the escutcheon at the centre, which the Germans call kersckild. This
generally contains the primitive bearings^ of the family to which the
quarterings belong; and is not, like our escutcheon of pretence, a sub-
sequent inheritance. The charges of the quarterings will, for the most
part, be easily recognised.
^ Often when a family was split into branches by the divinon of ertates^ eaeh branch
assumed arms attached to some herrttchafl or manor after which it called itself, bimring
^bo origiiuil family shield iu the centre of the new ^^wnitcheon.
I860.]
Roman Monumental Tablet.
577
No.
1 ™ is the cock which warned St. Peter.
2, the jug which held the water changed
by Jesus into wine.
3, the thirty pieces of silver for which
He was betrayed.
4, the chalice used at the Last Sapper.
5, the inscription over the cross.
6, 7, the wounded hands of Christ.
8, the hand which smote Him, traditionally
reported to have been withered from
that time.
9, the garment of Christ.
10, 11, His wounded feet.
12, a lanthom, probably that with which
No.
He is said to have been sought after
by His betrayer.
13, the crown of thorns and hyssop.
14, the instrument with which the nails
were arranged at the cross.
15, the holy sepulchre.
16, the globe, — an emblem of supremacy.
17, the dice with which they played for
His garments.
18, the handkerchief of St. Veronica.
19, three of the nails used at the cruci-
fixion.
20, the shield of descent, or primitive
bearings.
The escutcheon is surmounted by three helmets bearing the crowns of
an emperor, a marquess, and a count. Over that in the centre are set,
a banner, the lance with which Christ was pierced in the side, and the
sponge from which He drank vinegar on the cross. Over the other helmets
are emblems of His crucifixion and flagellation.
We laugh at these matters now, but they were once perfectly consistent
with the " spirit of the age."
ROMAIC MONUMENTAL TABLET.
Some workmen engaged in making excavations on the Quai des Etroits, at
Lyons, have recently found a monumental tablet with the following inscription
in well-formed characters of the second century : — D. M. et memori-S jktern2E
Valerp Vallonis fratri(s) xarini quondam d.c. Juuus Firmtnus d.c.
lug. questor amico incomparabili de se bene merenti db suo ponendum
cuRAViT ET SUB ASCI A DEDiCAViT. — "To the divinc Maucs, and the eternal
memory of Valerus Vallo, a fellow mariner, formerly decurion of Lyons. Julius
Firminus, decurion, questor of Lyons, has caused to be erected and consecrated,
under the axe, at his expense, this monument to his incomparable friend and
benefactor.'' An urn was also found containing the ashes of the departed, but it
was broken. The stone has been presented to the Museum of Lyons by the owner
of the ground where it was discovered.
^ This was the explanation of the bearings given to me by the poBsessor of the
original painting. On remarking that there were twenty quarterings, and asking him
why the requisite number was thus exceeded, he replied, that perhaps it was to shew
that there were enough and to spare, and that it was not nnunial for persons whose
families were rich in quarterings to g^ve in more than necessary. Bat it has since
occurred to me that the feet and hands in Nob. 6, 7, 10, and 11, may be merely ap-
pendages to the shield in the centre ; and if so, we must deduct four from the twenty
compartments, and then there will remain just sixteen, the required number.
578 [Dec.
THE SEA-BOARD AND THE DOWN».
Fbw tilings are more pleasant than a visit to an old college friend, say
an Oxford M.A. of thirty years' standing, who, after wandering far and
wide, has settled down in a qniet country living, where he is *' endeavouring
in a straightforward way, after the teaching of the Church, to do good/'
and where happily he is receiving on all hands kindness and coarteay in
return. Let the living be in a district with the sea on the one hand, and
healthy open downs on the other, and the incumbent a man who, from
natural taste and acquired learning, is quite competent to tell us all that we
may desire to know, whether we inquire of the history of the district in
past days or its condition at the present — an " old man eloquent," whose
memory is a storehouse of wit and wisdom gathered from many quarters,
some familiar, but more recondite — and we know no better occupation
than to listen to him. Few of us may have such a friend in fact, but in
fancy we all may have him if we are wise enough to turn to the two
charming volumes mentioned at the head of this paper.
In the present day, when low-priced vilely printed books — the outward
aspect a true indication of the inside worthlessness — bid fair to engroas
the attention of the '^reading public," and by lowering the standard of
taste, to render the production of works fit for a gentleman's library im-
possible, it is quite a godsend to light on two such volumes as theae. Let
the reader picture to himself a small quarto, printed with antique type,
with border lines to the pages which inclose quaint marginal notes — ^head«
pieces and tail-pieces such as Mr. William Caslon used to produce a cen-
tury ago — a rubricated title, and some exquisite wood engraving! — and
then, the matter of the work, at once learned, witty, and gentlemanly —
though '^ very plain truths are expressed in very plain words." Indeed it
seems to be our author's delight^
'* To pour out all bis soul as plun
As downright Shippon or ai old Montaigne;*
but this frankness charms us, even in cases where we do not quite agree
with him. Then how agreeable it is to be in a manner introduced not
only to his parish, but to all his old friends and his family— -in the margin
he does not disdain to record the nances of trusty servants, and we learn
in the text all about his children and his g^randchildren— liia daugbtera and
his sons — one of the latter " a brave artillery officer in Oude"— 4iis arm-
chair, and who g^ve it to him — ^his rheumatism — hia farmen and his coU
• "The Sea-board and the Down; or. My Parish in the Sooth* By An Old Yioar,
&c., &c., Slc" 2 vols. (Ix>ndon : Rivingtons.)
1
I860.] The Sea-board and the Down. 579
tagers-->smuggler8, poachers, et hoc genus homne ; something too is said
about his wife, and, with the quotation, " A prudent wife is from the Lord/'
she is made to help the parish doctor with a few hints on nursing. These
things are put down in an easy conversational way, ''in the shape of
a dialogue with a very old friend, after the manner of Cicero's Tusculan
Disputations and other works," and especially remarkable are they for the
kindly tone in which the Old Vicar ever speaks of his humble unlearned
neighbours. He has travelled in many lands, and has studied men as well
as books, and though his innumerable quotations shew him to be a walking
library, he is perpetually pointing out that book learning is not everything,
and that sound common sense, shrewdness, and high principle may be found
in cases where there is little of the clap-trap "*rithmetic, reading, and
'riting'' which is at present so popular.
The author of these volumes is the Rev. John Wood Warter, B.D.,
Vicar of West Tarring, with Heene and Dnrring^on. His parish contains
about 1000 inhabitants, and is with its neighbourhood connected with some
celebrated names, as Thomas k Becket, and Selden. Its history and an-
tiquities he made known to the world several years ago, and he has
a justifiable pride in now stating that the restoration of his parish " cathe-
dral'' — a noble Edwardian structure — has been accomplished at a cost of
£3000, some part of which was raised by the exercise of his pen on '* The
Parochial Antiquities of West Tarring." Many other improvements have
been effected in the course of his six and twenty years' incumbency ; smug-
gling and poachmg have pretty well become extinct, and regular habits,:
and order and cleanliness now reign. How much of this happy change is
due to his own exertions, the Old Vicar is too modest to tell us in direct
terms, but still we are not left long in doubt. Words and hints, though
purposely vague, here and there occur, which enable us to pronounce with-
out hesitation that he is a man of active benevolence and genuine piety,
and that witty and wise as he is, it may be said of him, as it was said
of an eminent philosopher of our time, that " his head is the worst part
about him.**
Our Old Vicar's book consists of six and thirty chapters, and, as he says,
their headings will shew, pretty much, the intent of his volumes. These
headings clearly indicate the topics he touches on, and an extract or two
will give a fair idea of how he treats them. An Introductory Chapter
makes some hard hits at popularity-mongers, and gives various sufficient
reasons for undertaking a record of parochial experiences. Then we have
a description of the locality, next of the habits of the people, with remarks
alike kind and wise on the subject, and anecdotes of the ** dangerous
classes/' the smugglers and poachers, who are let down easily, and who
appear to have been, in the eyes of the Old Vicar at least, not irredeemably
bad. Next come observations on the shrewd common sense of the people,
who, much as they may want learning, are not destitute of intelligence,
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. 3 t •
580 The Sea-board and the Down. [Dec.
though this, for lack of good direction, is apt to degenerate into low cun-
ning. Hence the necessity for labours in season and out of season to raise
the standard of principle. Moral and religious principles are in the eyes of
all wise men inseparable, and our author earnestly advocates, if not with
all the power of '* S. G. 0.," at least with equal sincerity and heartiness,
all measures that may increase the self-respect of the labouring man. He
justly views the miserable dwellings of the poor as one great cause alike of
sickness and of immorality ; he works away con amove on the old theme,
** CleanUness is next to godliness," and thus comes to his nuun theme, the
country parson's every-day life, and the sacredness of his calling. We
have had this treated of long ago, as but few have treated it since, by
George Herbert, but the lapse of more than two centuries has brought
about some change in the mode of looking even at these subjects, and our
Old Vicar, on examination, will be found to have much to say that is worth
hearing on points that the good incumbent of Bemerton haa left unno-
ticed. Not that he has a less appreciation than Herbert of the need of
** all knowledge'* to the parson, or that he questions his assertion, " The
country parson condescends even to the knowledge of tillage and pasturage,
and makes great use of them in teaching"— on the contrary, he prints the
passage among others for a motto, and he maintains that, mainly as he
possesses or lacks such knowledge will be his weight on vestry and hii
casual every-day influence — and he proves that he himself posaesses it by
dialogues with his farmers. He shews also a true appreciation of a mstic
audience when he warns his brethren that they have a quick sense of the
ridiculous, and that this is '' a matter to be much minded in preaching."
I'hen he passes on to *' stories from his parish, and others, picked up by
the wayside,*' many of them curious enough. The country churchyard,
and all its hallowed associations, employ the pen of our Old Yicar to some
purpose, and many are the beautiful passages that we might cite, and would
cite, but they are so skilfully worked up with all that precedes and follows
that they cannot be detached without injury. The progress of education,
and particularly the humanizing effects of music, and the neceaeity for
increasing the rational enjoyments of the poor — the great allowance to be
made for their ignorance and superstition, and deep-rooted prejudices —
the need of parochial libraries, and the necessity of placing in them works
of an entertaining as well as others of a serious character — all these topics
are admirably handled. And then we come to two outspoken chapters, on
'' Tiie Church of our Forefathers," and on " The Episcopate as it was, and
the Episcopate us it is,** both well worthy of serious consideration.
We will endeavour to justify the high character that we have given of
this work, by quoting a few passages ; though this is hardly doing justice
to our author, for our choice must be guided not by the fact that they are
the best that could be cited, but tliat they are more easily detached frum
{he context than some othcrtii that we pobbibly admire more.
18G0.] The Sea-board and the Dovm, 581
Let us first take an illustration of the helpless position of the town clergy-
man suddenly dropped among an agricultural population : —
" It is early days in the year yet, the Spring not come, but a kindly time. That
magnificent field adjoining the Church has, this season, a larger proportion of wheat
on it than usual, and, with all nature smiling around, what a feast is it to the eye !
Just at the turn, where the paths branch off, the Parson stumbles upon his two chief
Farmers, Charles Allworthy and John Thorogood. Like himself they are admiring
the goodly prosjiect. Kindly men were the both of them, — good to their labourers,
good to the poor, setting a goodly example to all around j — industrious as any Farmers
in the county, — keen, quick, intelligent, and as upright as they were punctual. 'Good-
morning — good-morning V was the very hearty greeting ; and soon, as with one voice,
both s:iid, * Ain't things looking well ?' *I was afraid, at first,' said Allworthy, *that
ihe wheat would have bten somewliat root-fallen, — but I was mistaken, — see how well
it begins to tiller!* To which John Thorogood replied — (John was never known to
grumble in the whole course of his life,) — * I said it would all come right, neighbour ;
— but mind, this field will never bear over-dressing, — as sure as you over-dress, so sure
will yc.ur wh< at be down ! You just ask our Vicar now ;* — and the Vicar accordingly,
who lived on pleasant, easy terms with his people, was appealed to. He replied, *01d
Cutler/ — (a grand old Farmer of the old school, — one of nature's gentlemen, who made
a bow like a prince, and had died a few years before at the age of fourscore and five,
universally regretted and lamented,) ' Old Cutler always said the same thing, but he
was used to add, A laid crop never broke the Farmer.' * Very true, very true,' replied
John, ' I have heard him say it a hundred times, but it is better to see the corn stand
up well, like soldiers in their ranks, — and it is easier for us, and for the reapers.'
" Just at this time we came to a division of the field where a crop of Peas stood the
year before, and all at once Allworthy burst out into one of his pleasant laughs, ex-
claiming with unmistakeable fun in his eye, * Never shall forget, never !* * What's up
now ? ' said my friend John. * I told Parson before, he knows all about it.' ' About
the dol})hin, eh ?' said the Vicar. * Just so,' replied Allworthy. And then ho told his
neighbour how last year when the dolphin had attacked the crop, and ho was talking
about it to old Charles Killdock as they stood on the path, a stranger was passing by*
and was struck by the word dolphin^ and asked, * How can a dolphin attack peas, —
surely a dolphin is a fish?'— * I thought,' continued Goodenough, *that old Charles
must have burst with laughter, — and I had much ado to contain myself whilst I ex-
plained to him how that a dolphin was an insect, and a very troublesome one ^.' And
then turning to me he said, * He was dressed in black, and looked like a Clergyman, —
but he was no naturalist, like you are, and didn't know much of country matters.*
Upon which he burst into his joyous laugh Hgain, adding merrily, that ' he was glad ho
did not live in a town. He liked to hear the cocks crow and the crickets chirp."*—
(Vol. i. pp. 276-278.)
It will be seen that our author is discursive, but he evidently speaks out
of the fulness of his heart, and he writes, not because he would make
a book, but because he has something to say.
Another extract shall be from the Old Vicar's wayside stories. By way
of preface we may remark that he has good store of tales of wanderers of
^ *• The Dolphin is an insect that attacks Beans and Peas, — a species of plant-louse
well known to Agriculturists. See Kirby and Spence, p. 96, Reprint. The anecdote
here recorded is literally true, and it all took place, a^ recorded, in this field. The
partits> only were diflerent."
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX. 3 z
582 The Sea-board and the Down, [Dec.
all classes. We should think that the description of the good pastor in the
" Deserted Yillage" would apply to him : —
" Hi8 house was known to all the vagrant trwn —
He chid their wanderings but relieved their pain."
" The Old Vicary had a great horror of begging as a profession, and thongh he coim-
tonanced many an old gaherlunzie man, contrary to bis professed principles, yet was he
resolute on the whole in resisting tramps, — for which they chalked his door well with
their private marks, according to their custom.
" He used to tell bow a dear old Friend of his whs infinitely amused with a sharp
lad he met not fur from Bishop's Castle, many years ago. He and a brother sportsman
were returning from a fishing or shooting expedition, I forget which, when, at the
bottom of a steep bill, they overtook a shaqi-looking lad, with a short bit of a pipe in
his mouth. He at once slipped the cutty pipe into a side pocket, (thinking they had not
observed it,) and iKJgan to beg. The hill, as 1 said, was a steep one, and gjave time for
a conversation something of this sort. * A bad trade yours, my boy, I should think.'
* Very bad. Sir, specially in bad weather, sometimes we're half clemmed,* a provincialism
for starved. Now the Vicar's old Friend, who had fed on soupe maiffre and chickens'
claws for a mouth in a French prison during the war with old Bony, saw no signs fsX
starvation on the lad's face, and he observed moreover a sly twinkle in bis eye, and that
he pursed up his mouth in a way that was any thing but melanchoHovt. So be thought
he should like to get out of him what his aver»ge earnings as a tramp might bo, and
being a person of great shrewdness and good- nature combined, he felt his way by
saying, 'Tobacco must cost something, — and the shorter the pipe the quicker the
draught.' The lad pretended not to understand, on which, observing the side iXK'kci
smouldering, he added, ' and clothes too, if you can afford to let them bum in that
way.' As quick as thouirht the lad pressed his hand to his side, and put 0!it the snuff
in haste, stiying, ' Thankee, iSir !' * Come, come, my boy, things are not so bad with
you as you would make out, and you might be better employed than as a ready money
customer on the road, — but I don't want to be hard with you, and as I have done yea
a good turn j'ou may do nie one. If you'll tell us what you contrive to make in
a week, here's a shill'mg lor you.* At first there was a slight hesitation, — t)iere*i
honour among thieves, and he didn't like to peach, — that was the term he used. At
last he replied, in his sharp natural way, * I sees you're gentlemen, and woulcUi't take
any advantage of a poor cove, — go I'll just tell you how it is. Times is, as I said,
souiotimes very bad, hut 1 alius considers the day as no go, on which I do not contrive^
one way or another, to pick up half-a-crown or so. And then I ain't alius an asker,
(as some of our people call thimsclvts,) but when haying is going on, 1 can lend
a hand, — or indeed at most other sorts a work.' 'Thank you, my boy, for your
information, and htre's the shilling I promised you. I shall turn it to account •■
a Magistrate, and I recommend you by all means to take to a more regular and
respectable way of living.' The l)oy's look almost said,
I^UH.^ sc!?v.^ " ' There's sf>mething in me that reproved my fault ,-'
but, the chances are, he held to his own way of living, for when the Vicar*8 Friend and
his com])anion turned round to look at him, bo was smoking hit short pipe with an
earnestness which would have supplied an illustration for Knickerbocker's Acoonnt of
All's Well that ^**^ York. Certiunly he was in no plight to say, with Parolei^ • 1 un
Ends Well, a man, sir, muddied in fortune's moat, and smfli somewhat strcoff of
Act V Sc 11 1 D
her strong di8i)lea8ure.' Fortune had not cruelly scratched him !
" No doubt there are plenty of tramps who are very badly off and sofTer much,— bat
begging as a trade, the old Vicar said, was derogatory to all good prindpK and led t«
deceit, and lying, and evil practices of all sorts. Numbers of stories Ike had picked up
I860.] The Sea-board and the Down, 583
on this subject by the wayside, and once, ho said, (will you believe it ?) an impudent
Scotch beggar answered me almost in a paraphrase of Burns' Death and Dr. Hornbook : —
' Folk maun do somethii)g for their bread.
And sae maun death.'
And upon another occasion, when I thought it necessary to address a regular old cam-
pni{.!ncr, who haunted the Parish, in somewhat severer words, — * Tramp, indeed. Tramp
do you call me ? What would you have a body do, would you have a body^y V — and
off she bustled,
* With such hairte, as new ^ Chamberlayne'a
Shorn meadows, when approaching storms are nigh, Pharonnida,
Tir'd labourers huddle up.' "—(Vol. u. pp. 13—17.) ^^^ "• P- ^^•
One of the Old Vicar's parish experiences relates to Giles Duffer, a noted
poacher, " who was said to have killed the last dotterel on Storrington
downs." He shot a man in a night affray, and was obliged to flee the
country ; his dog he left behind him, and it furnishes a pleasant chapter in
animal biography : —
" My old Friend told me what an extraordinary dog it was that belonged to this un-
fortunate man, — fierce as a lion, or gentle as a lamb, as it might be, — neither pointer,
setter, lurcher, spaniel, nor terrier, — but so strongly built, and so sagacious, — so
prudent, (if I may use it of a dog who syllogizes only, and cannot recuotif) but without
the slightest dash of the coward in him, — as to manage a whole pack, or all the dogs
in a street. * In fact,' he used to add, ' he was diplomatist and warrior together ; and
I never think of the knowing creature without calling to mind what Luther, in his
Table Talk, says of a dog he saw at Lintz in Austria. " He was taught," gee Reprint,
says the great Ileformer, " to go with a hand basket to the butcher's sham- ^^^' p. 66»
bloH for meat ; when other dogs came about him, and sought to take the meat out of
the basket, he set it down, and fought lustily with them ; but when he saw they were
too strong for him, he himself would snatch out the first piece of meat, lest he should
lose all." '
" ' Our Trap,' interposed Nilly, to whom I told these stories, 'had something in him
of both those dogs. Don't you remember how the Butcher used to try and bribe him
by bits of meat, and how he eat them, and then fiew at the Butcher for robbing his
master,— and how he sought all the dogs in the country, and how he explained to all
the dogd in Worthing that the great wolf dog that a Mr. T. had was a coward, by
rolling him over in the street and beating him ; — and how, for all this, he used to go
up to the school, and sit amongst the children waiting at the door, and talk to them
with his eyes, — and then how he would go with you round the classes to examine the
children, till it became so ridiculous that you were obliged to exclude him, upon which
he j^ot up outside on the window-sills and took his part in the proceeding, displaying
as much knowledge as one of Her Majesty's Inspectors, who, in general, know nothing
about country children, but only frighten them, which Trap — a very wise dog was
Trap ! — never did ? ' Upon this I told her how once in Sntherlandshire Trap pulled
down a royal stag, which two deer-hounds were afVaid to do, — ^possibly, by the way,
showing more instinct, for the deer was wounded, and,
* Inforced flight is no disgrace, such flyers fight againe,' — EngSmd! Bk. uf. c. 18.
how, one day, when his master was ill, and could not go out with bis party doer-stalking.
Trap thought he wasn't very well, and so stopped at home with his master, but finding
it dull, and getting rather hungry, he started to forage for himself, — and how his
master from the window saw him drag a shoulder of venison up the garden, and bury
it, and then, having snified round and round the way the wind blew, and having found
that he could wind it, took it up again and buried it deeper, and then findusg that he
himself could not detect it, came at once to the conclusion that the other dogs, when
581 The Sea-board and tJie Down. [Dec.
they came home, would not be able to do so. There never was snch a dog aa Trap !
He UBC'd to fight all the dogs round till it was quite clear be was master. ' Nothing
ever bout him/ said Uncle Edward, ' but one old sow, and she used to run open-mouthed
at him, grunting like a wild boar in a jungle!'"— (VoL ii. pp. 98 — 100.)
One more extract, and we have done. For deep practical wisdom we
recollect nothing finer than the following passage from the chapter on
**The Necessity of Increasing the Rational Enjoyments of the Poor:" —
'* Say what we may of the Anglo-Saxon times, of Norman strongholds, of serfilom,
and of vassalage, — and in these days of liberty we can hardly realize what those times
were, — the people of those days did nevertheless contrive to enjoy themselves vastly,
and there was great freedom of manner and speech between master and man. In
** The funtlii- Saxon times the Eadelman, and the Miller and his Knave, and the
ter of Society people of the Vale, all knew each other thoroughly. A roguish person
late'^'^th"** ^ sometimes was a Saxon King, and his Theyns were rougher still j but
xivth century if they had not looked to their dependants, their Thanelands would
Stucon/^^^Tho ^^^® ^°°® them little good. The Miller would most certainly have
Uoinesdny of been drowned in his dam, and there would have been no gprist, if he and
Archdeacon his Knave and the Eadelman had set their heads together to curtail the
Hale, p. cvii. sports of the village green.
" Tlie lordly Norman again, in his turn, was rude and cruel, burly and ontrageoni^
and his Haroniul Keep had deep dungeons, with rings, and hooks, and chuns there,
— but he too would never have held his ground, not even by force of
lonR-beuniB arms, if he had not humoured his serfs and vanals, — if in the oonrtyaid
thcmefminK°of ^^^ *"*^ prohibited tilting, or hawking on the hill sidfl^ or jolUty in the
the old catch, hall. As hmg as such rough liberty was to be had it was a small thing
ISaJJIwHcre <» sit ' below the salt ^' Like children at the side table of a great frast,
heards wag they that did so only enjoyed themselves the more. The different ac-
counts of Henry the Second's banquetting hall, as has been obecrved be-
fore, contain a full illuKtration of what is here alluded to. Depend upon it, Arunders
water-bailiff had had few swans on the swan -hopping ** day, and there had been few
fish lefl in the Swaubournc Lake, if the retainers of the Castle had not had their
I bcpr to record si^orts. Thousand, thousand pities, that the Old Mill, as I remember
wJika^with^ it, was done away ! The Mill and the Swanboumo Lake together were
Mr. iMartia unniatchuble for beauty ! The oldest Baron in the oldest days of that
Constable. °^*^ Castle never committed a crueller act !
" Our forefathers, perhaps, were over much given to noisy sports and
PUM, quaH games, — to wakes and vigils, — Scot-ales, filct-ales^ church-ales, and litch-
qujind(Kiuo jijcg, — hunting, and shooting, and iishing, — and, in short, to all the hoit-
quandoque terous and exciting amusements of a not highly educated people. Bat,
Br'^'to''*"F 1 ™i"d tt"d IxKly work together, and we tlieir sons — many of os at least —
117. Kd.'i.)(iu. have not thotight enough of this, more especially as regards the relaia-
tions of the poor."— O'^ol. ii. pp. 393—396.)
We have no room for further selections, neither is there need for it.
We advise all our readers to peruse the book at their leisure, and if their
tastes are at all like ours, they will deem neither their time nor their money
ill bestowed.
C If
' A well-known expression. Men, as they lost caste, brought the indignity upon
themselves. A well-earned solar if has no real indignity in itself.
'^ "' A corruption,' Mr.Ticrney says, 'of the term twan-uppimg^ which «gnift^ the
taking up of the swans or cygnets, for the purpose of marking thorn.' Hirtory of
Arundel, Vol. ii. 723."
I860.] 585
TFAHLBAUTEN; OR, THE AI^CIENT LAKE-DWELLINGS
OE SWITZERLAND «.
The Pfahlhauten, habitations lacustres, or ancient lake-dwellings of
Switzerland, is a term with which our archteological readers may be as-
sumed to be tolerably conversant. To the general reader we fear the term
remains a dead letter, and yet it represents a subject full of general interest
and importance.
Some idea of pfaJilhauten will, we trust, be gathered from the brief
notice we now give of the researches on this subject, made by the Swiss
arclKPoIogists, than whom there exists no body of men more earnest of
p irpose, or better versed in their science. To the judgment of Dr. F.
Keller, of Zurich, we owe the discovery of these most ancient abodes of
men, and to his unwearied energy we are further indebted for a scientific
record of the subsequent researches of later adventurers.
What, then, are pfahlbauten ? It is but a simple German word, mean-
ing * pile-buildings,* that is, ancient dwelling-places once standing in the
lakes of Switzerland on a substruction of piles, the remains of which endure
to this day. But how vast a portion of time, as we count time, is involved
in this one short word ! It carries us back thousands of years, to a period
when history is a blank, when the pjhklhauten dwellers, ignorant of metals,
though not unskilled in the arts of life, felled their trees, tilled the ground,
and followed a dangerous chase with simple implements of flint and stone.
AVlio these men may have been we know not: —
" Tbey were, then were not ; they had lived and died.
No trace, no record of their date remaining."
Modern geologico-archaeological discoveries have warned us that man's
existence in this planet may be of higher antiquity than is usually supposed,
and that we may have erred in our interpretation of our only record on the
subject. Possibly the pfahlbauten dwellers were of that great primsBval
race that, spreading from East to West, has left us such noble stone-
» Lie Keltischen Pfahlbauten in den Schtceizerseen, von Dr. F. Keller; Zurich,
185 1. Die Pfahlbauten, 2nd Part, 1858. Ibid., 8rd Part, I860. — 2>/« Pfahl-
bnu alter thiimer von Moosseedorf, von A. Jahn, und J. Uhlmann ; Bern. 1857. — Habi-
ta/ions Lacustres de la Suisse, par F. Troyon. — Stafistique des Antiquitisde la Suisse
Occident ale, 8* Article, par F. Troyon.— Wilde's "Catalogue of Antiquities in the
Mu«<eum of the Royal Irish Aca(^eniy,** 1857. — Chronik der niedrigsten Wcuserstande
des liheins, vom Jahre 70 ». Chr. Geb. bis 1858, vou Dr. J. Wittman; Mainz, 1859.
—"On Lake-Dwellings of the Kurly Puriods," by W. M. Wylie, in Archaoloffia^
vol. xxxviii. — JJntcrsuchung der Thitrreste aus den Pfahlbauten der Schweitz, von
Dr. Riitimeyer; Zurich, 1860. — Etudes Ueologioo-ArcMologiques en Danemarh et en
Suisse, pnr A. Morlot; Lauianno, 1860.
586 Pfahlbauten; or, [Dec.
memorials of its existence, the race that looms faintly out of historic myth
as Scythic, Pelasgic, or Iherian ; and of which, as some suppose, the Lapps
are the last effete existing remains.
The first historic mention we have of pfahlbauten, or ' pile-buildings,'
is in Herodotus (1. v. c. 16), where we find mention of a tribe occupying
such constructions in the centre of the Lake Prasias — probably the Lake
Takinos, in modern Roumelia, — and, in unapproachable security, defying
the power of Xerxes. So our subject at least commences with a degree
of classic prestige. It is said that the Swiss antiquaries are fully resolved
on testing the narrative of Herodotus by an active examination of Lake
Prasias. Grave difficulties, no doubt, exist in the way of such an under-
taking, but the obstacles must indeed be serious which the skill and per-
severance of such adventurers could not surmount.
In the vears 1853 and 1857, the unusual lowness of the waters of the
Rhine and the lakes of Switzerland afforded a rare opportunity for the
investigation of their respective beds. The interesting discoveries then
made of various antiquities in the bed of the Rhine and its conflaents, as
also of pile-buildings in the lake of Constance in 1857, are fully and very
usefully detailed by Dr. Wittman, the able director of the ArchcBological
Society of Mayence, in his chronicle of the most remarkable low-water
periods of the Rhine.
In 1853, the inhabitants of Ober-Meilen, a village on the lake of Zurich,
availed themselves of the unusual luwness of the waters to reclaim a piece
of land from the lake. The excavations disclosed a number of remains of
deeply-driven piles, formed of various forest trees. In the mud around
these piles the attentive investigation of Dr. Keller detected the remains
which threw the first light on the nature of the discovery. There, heaped
together, lay stone axes, and hammers, and chisels or celts with their hafts
of horn, rude implements for crushing com, a great variety of coarse pot-
tery, implements of bone, lance and arrow-heads, knives, saws, &c., all of
flint, in rich abundance, although flint is not a natural product of Switzer-
land. Some of the smaller celts, or chisels, are formed of nephrite, a species
of transparent jade, a stone imagined to
be entirely peculiar to the East. The
saws, in particular, are curious examples
of human ingenuity under difl^culties. /
They are formed of long thin flakes of
flint, one edge of which is finely notched,
and the other fitted into a ncatlv formed
long wooden handle, the perfect j)re-
servation of which may probably be at- /g^- -^ T^tt^ i 3
tributed to the antiseptic influence of
the peat wherein it had so long re-
mained. A kind of bituminous cement appears to have been used for securiiig
I860.] The Ancient Lahe- Dwellings of Switzerland, 587
the saw in its handle. The illustration we now give, fig. 3, taken, like all
the others, from Dr. Keller's drawings, is from the lake of Neuchatel, and
presents the singularity of a handle formed from the tip of a stag's antler.
These saws were probably used for working horn and bone. The barbed
arrow-head, fig. 1, from Lake Pfaffikon, is also of flint, as well as its com-
panion, fig. 2, which presents a useful illustration of the mode in which
these flint arrow-heads were attached to the shaft bv filaments of bark.
This example was found some years since in a peat moor, near Zurich, with
its shaft in perfect preservation.
A few copper objects occur, which would shew that this lake-dwelling
of Meilen had perished soon after the introduction of that metal into the
country. That it had been destroyed by fire the remains clearly proved,
and very many of the like establishments discovered subsequently appear
to have met with the same fate. Altogether it was satisfactorily shewn
by this Meilen investigation that a human habitation, dating from the pre-
historic period termed the stone-age, had existed on this spot. Deeply
driven piles, at a short distance from the shore, had supported a platform,
on which stood the huts of the inhabitants, who had thus dwelt above the
waters of the lake in security from wild beasts, and any sudden raid of
their foes.
Closely on thi^ discovery followed other and very important ones, in the
lake of Bienne, made by Col. Schwab. The Kelts, superior in arms and
civilization, probably on their advent drove out the aboriginal pfahlhauten
inhabitants ; at the same time adopting their mode of dwelling. In some
cases, even, the distinct strata of the remains of both races in the same
pfahJhau would shew that the new people had adopted the very site occu-
pied by their predecessors. Again, it is found that where a pfahlhau of
the stone- period exists near the shore, a later one, with bronze remains,
will frequently be found to occur considerably further in advance, in deeper
water ; as though the new-comers had found, by their own conquest, the
necessity of further precaution. With the Kelts copper was introduced.
Switzerland docs not produce it; yet the Nidan pfahlhau, in the lake
of Bienne, has furnished the cabinet of Col. Schwab with a rich abundance
and variety of implements, arms, and ornaments, fished up from a watery
depth of eight or nine feet.
In 1856 another of these constructions was found in the little lake
of ^[oosseedorf, near Berne, which has received the most careful and
scientific examination at the hands of Herr Jahn and Dr. Uhlmann.
This pfaJilbau is still older than that of Meilen : not a trace of metal has
been found there, and it belongs exclusively to the stone-age. It was
rich in examples of Oriental nephrite and flint — both exotic substances —
and the great mass of chippings left little room to doubt that the flint
weapons had been manufactured on the spot.
In the upper and lower lakes of Constance no fewer than from thirty
588 Pfahlbauten. [Dec.
to forty ^7/*a7J&a2//&;i have been discovered, and in some cases with most
important results. At Wangen, on the lower lake, a zealous local ex-
plorer, under the immediate supervision of Dr. Keller, has made very
considerable research with great success. This extensive settlement at
Wangen assumes the form of an oblong parallelogram, which Herr Lohle
estimates at about 700 paces long by 120 broad, and that the number
of foundation-piles amounts to some 30,000 or 40,000.
At the other side of Switzerland the researches of MM. Forel, v. Mor-
lot, and Troyon, have brought to light some thirty pfahlbauten. in the
lake of Geneva ; and perhaps as many more have been discovered in the
lake of Neuchatel. In this latter lake the steam-dredge, employed during
the railway works last summer, (1859,) encountered off Concise a pJahU
hau of the stone-period, when a great mass of reliques of bone and stone
was thus obtained without cost or trouble ; and, being sold at cheap rates
by the workmen, became very popular curiosities. The unfortunate
result however was that, in consequence of the great demand for these
antiques, a regular system of forgeries was initiated, and conirejagont,
chiefly of bone objects, have found their way half over Europe. The
bronze reliques from Et^tavayer, on the lake of Neuch&tcl, and especially
the knives, are remarkable for their richness of omameutation. We give
/
Br.MZe Knif.«. from Coqc:m, L.ik« of Ni*;ic)iitirl.
a woodcut of a beautiful s])ccimen from Concise, on tiie opposite ?i(ic
of the lake.
Ffahlhauten have been discovered in many other hikes of Switzerland,
but do not appear to have l)een yet investigated. The researches, how-
ever, carried on in the small lakes of Pfiiffikon, near Zurich, and of
Wauwyl, near Lucerne, have been attended with the most interesting
results, as illustrative of the zoology of the very early period when man*
kind inhabited such dwellings.
Jiut 2]fMf>ff^(t(.'n remains are not confined to Switzerland alone. Tht-v
are found in the lake of Annecy, in Savoy ; in the lakes of Upper Italv ;
in Hanover, Brandenburg, and, as it is tliought, in Denmark ; and present
a striking analogy with those most curious lake-constructions of our own
land, the Irish crannogea. In fact, when the subject becomes better known
througliout Europe, the discoveries of such remains will not be of unfrc-
qucnt occurrence. The face of nature is continually changing, and inu«t
have chanj^ed trroatly since men dwelt in pfahlbauten. Bivers have changed
their course, lakes have been drained, or subsided into peat- muran ; but
<T. Mio. Vot. CCIX.
590 Pfahlbauten; or, [Dec.
in their old sites pfahlbauten may be looked for, whenever the adjacent
country is found to possess c^her traces of the memorials of the culture
of the stone-age.
The number of the pfahlbau settlements discovered, and the attentive
examination they have undergone, remove all doubts as to the process
of construction. A spot with a sunny aspect seems to have been chosen
in some little bay that would in a degree shelter it from the full force of the
waves, and any shore but one with a rocky bottom served the purpose.
The site being decided on, the nearest trees in the adjacent forest were
felled for piles. There seems to have been no partiality for any particular
wood ; oak, ash, fir, were indiscriminately taken^-even cherry and apple-
stems, if at hand ; and it is curious to find in the lake of Pfaffikon that
the fir-tree has lasted better than the oak. Then came the process of
pointing the piles, which must have been a troublesome business in die
days of stone axes.
One would like to know how the pile-driving was managed, but driven
the piles were, at a distance of from one to three hundred feet from the
shore, at a depth of six or seven feet, gradually advancing into deeper
water. They were then extended parallel with the shore till the pfdklban
assumed somewhat of the form of a narrow parallelogram. At Morgps,
on the lake of Geneva, the piles extend '* 1,200 feet in length, by 120 in
width, giving a platform surface of some 18,000 feet. On this M. Troj-on
calculates that some 316 cabins may easily have stood; which, only allow-
ing four persons to a cabin, would give a population of 1,264." On these
piles, driven at short intervals, was laid a platform on which stood the
cabins, constructed, as there is good authority for believingp of wattled
work plastered with clay. From the extraordinary number of reliques
found it is supposed the planks of the platforms were not set doie
together, and that things were hence continually falling through ; bnt
there would scarcely appear need for such an hypothesis. It is clear that
the great mass of pfahlbauten were fired, purposely or accidentally. In
buildings so constructed fire would spread too rapidly to allow the in«
habitants to save much of their property, which accordingly would sink to
the bottom of the lake. Indeed, the carbonised state of many things, espe-
cially the vegetable products, has preserved them for the examination of
modern science. The pfahlbau system, initiated in the stone-age, must have
endured through that of bronze, or Keltic, till at least the introduction of
iron, and the Roman sway in Helvetia. This would seem proved by the ftict
that several iron swords, about three feet long, with blades somewhat over
two inches in width, and iron scabbards, which Colonel Schwab's continued
research has reclaimed from the lakes of Bienne and NeuchAtel, are indis-
putably of the very same type we recognise at present as Romano-British
and Gallo-Koman, that is, of the late Roman period, when the influence
of an alien taste becomes visible in Roman manufactures. Following soch
I860.] The Ancient Lake-Dwellings t^ Swxlzerland.
term these cwonU from the Swiss
a classification, therefore,
lakes Helveto- Roman,
though the Swiss anti-
quaries, from the want
of opportuciity of com-
parison, eeem at present
rather puzzled about
Ihem. The annexed cuU
represent the upper por-
tion, back and front, of
one of these swords,
from the lake of Bienne. still in its iron sheath ; and the scabbard-point of
another fiom the lake of NeuchateL The archeeologieal reader is thus
enabled to institute a comparison with the ezamplea of similar weapons as
given in the pages of the Collectanea Antiqua, and elsewhere •■. Whether
the p/ahlbauten continued in use to a later period, like the crannoyet of
Ii'fland. can only be determined by future investigation.
Wliiit know we of tbe every-day life of these ancient lake-dwellers?
1'hesc recent discoveiies have revealed a degree of culture in the stone-
period of these forest and mountain wilds for which we are not at all
prepared. That they should have laid in stores of such wild fruits aa the
forest voluntarily showered upon them, as acorns, beech-mast, nuts, &c.,
we might well expect, — but not com. Yet in the massea of carbonised
grain discovered at Wangen, and elsewhere, Frofessor Oswald Heer recog-
nises several cereals, — tritieum vulgare ; triticwn dieoeeon ; alao hordeum
dhtich<m, and hordeam hexaglichon. The p/ahlbavten at Wangen and
Kobenhausen have also furnished abundant examples of a coarse bread
savouring rather of bruised corn than meal. It was probably baked oo
hot stones, and covered with hot embers, just as in the Rigsmaal Saga
" Kdda drew out from the embers a bread-cake, heavy, sticky, and fall of
bran." In the same p/ahlbau, too, were stores of apples and pean cut
'' CoUerlanea Aittiq-iia, voL iii. p. 67, and iv. pp. 28, 153, pi. i
ttie Soc. of Antiqiuuies, vd. ii. p. 199.
u; Proceedingt of
Pfaklbauten; or.
[Dec.
into halves and quEUlers, and dried in the sun for ninter food. The custom
holds in Switzerland to this day, and these dried apple-cuttings are sold
hf measure in the markets under the name of tcnitze. From the «ze
of some of this carbonised fruit it would appear that the apples nn«t haTe
been of a cultivated kind, — bo these people were acquainted to a certain
degree not only with com, but with fruit culture.
Flax and hemp they cert^nly bad, and the means of spinning it, which
was of the last necessity for their nets. Nothing exists to shew any know*
ledge of the art of weaving, hut they contrived to manufacture a coarae
flaxen plaited material. In addition to their other means of subsiBtence
they had always the lake at commwd, and the great variety of fish-hooks
discovered shews that they knew how to take full advantage of it with
the line as well as the net.
With the art of pottery it is abundantly dear thai they were well ac-
quainted, nor were their fabrications unpleasing, as will be seen ham the
few examples now given. Fig. 1 is a vessel from Wangen, a gfahlban
purely of the early stone-period on the lake of Constance. It is of a grey
clay, mixed with particles of stone. Figs. 2 are from the lakes of Bienne,
and represent a very curious description of pottery. The form of the patera
is by no means inelegant;
the material is coarse, and
coloured red and black. Pre-
cisely similar vessels have
been found by Dr. F. Keller
in very old Helvetic graves.
Figs. 3 are of black pottery
bota the lake of Neuch&tel.
That the pjahlbau dwellers were herdsmen would seem abaDdantlT
proved by the remains of oxen, sheep, and goats found around their old
habitations. Consequently they must have posHSsed the meaui of pro-
I860.] The Ancient Lake-Dwellings of Stvitzerland. 593
curing and storing forage for them in winter, or they must have perished
in the snows when the chamois itself with difficulty finds subsistence ^.
In so wild a country they could not but have been bold hunters. In
fact, the remains of wild animals, slain in the chase, also abound, and
among these are the now extinct species of the aurochs and the bison ^.
The knowledge of fruits and cereals particularly distinguishes these early
inhabitants of Switzerland from the aborigines of the shores of Denmark.
There the careful research of the Danish savans shews that the kjoekken-
moedding ^, or culinary debris of these primseval settlers, though possessing
*= Tscbudi, Thierlehen der AlpentoelL
^ Dr. Riitimeyer of Bale, to whose careful examination ihefcmna of the pfaMboMten
were submitted, snms up the various species in the following table, to which his subse-
quent examination of the Concise remains has, we believe, added one or two more : —
1. Ursus Arctos. 22. Cervus Dama.
2. Meles vulgaris. 23. Capra Ibea.
3. Mustek Foina. 24 „ Hircos.
4. „ martes. 25. Ovis Aries.
5. „ Putorius. 26. Bos Primigenius.
6. „ Erminea. 27. „ Bison.
7. Lutra vulgaris. 28. „ Taurus domesticus.
8. Canis Lupus. 29. Falco Milvns.
9. „ Vulpes. 30. „ palumbarius.
10. „ familiaris. 31. „ Nisus.
11. Felis Catus. 32. Columba Palumbus.
12. Erinaceus Europieus. 33. Anas Boschas.
13. Castor Fiber. 34. „ qaerqoedala ?
14. Sciurus europsens. 35. Ardea cinerea.
15. Sus Scrofa palustris. 36. Cistudo europea.
16. „ „ ferus. 37. Rana esculenta.
17. „ „ domesticus. 38. Salmo Salar.
18. Equus Caballus. 39. Esox Lucius.
19. Cervus Alces. 40. Cyprinus Carpio.
20. „ Elaphus. 41. „ teuciscus.
21. „ Capreolus.
It must be remarked that the Sus scrofa palustris is a distinct variety of the hog
tribe, which Professor Riitimeyer discovered among the pfaMbauten fauna, and con-
sidered as extinct. It is, however, supposed still to exist in the Orisons.
It will be seen that the hare is not included in the foregoing list ofpfahlbauten
faunOf nor have any remains of the animal been observed during the researches ; yet
it is a creature easily trapped, and abounds in the country. It is worth notice that
the hare is also wanting in the fauna of the Danish kjoekkenmoedding, and that the
Lapps of the present day connect it with some superstition, and abstun from its flesh
scrupulously, unless pressed by the most urgent necessity. CsBsar relates the same
peculiarity of the Britons, De Bell. Gall., v. c 12.
« The kjoekkenmoedding, literally, 'kitchen refbse/ are very singular aocomula-
tioDs of the refuse of the repasts of the early occupiers of Denmark. They are found
on the shore in many places, and consist of the shells and bones of fish, with the re-
mains of birds and quadrupeds in masses of from three to five feet, sometimes even
attaining ten feet, in thickness. They oocasionally are found to contain fragments of
a rude pottery, and flint implements roughly formed ; but metals never oocor.
594 Pfahlbauten; or, [Dec.
a rich fauna, are very deficient in vegetable remains, and entirely so in
cereals. Hence M. Morlot, in the valuable essay Camparaison du Nord aoee
la Suisse, in his Etudes G^ologtco-Archeologiques, observes, '* ce fait
pourrait porter k admettre un second &g^ de la pierre, posterieor k celui
des lyoekkeninoedding, s*il etait prouve, que la population qui a accumul^
ces dep6ts de coquillages sur les c6te8 du Danemark, ne connaissait pas
Tagriculture."
Everything in fact at the pfahlbauten tells of the quiet, settled occupa-
tion of a primitive race of farmers, hunters, and fishermen, who, in thus
establishing their homes above the floods, either adhered to the traditions
of their Oriental descent ^ or sought security from their foes. Whether
their cattle were also conveyed to the pfahlbauten, as Herodotus tells
us of the Pseonians in lake Prasias, cannot be ascertained. It would
seem difficult to conceive how they could have done so without causeways,
and these have not generally been discovered. Probably they were securely
parked in at night on the shore with strong palisades against attacks of
beasts of prey. Of course they must have fallen to any invaders strong
enough to compel the retreat of the owners to the pfahlbauten, which
in such case, moreover, could hardly have been protected from fiery pro-
jectiles : and in this way many probably perished.
One of the most curious matters connected with a people thus living in
isolated wilds, at so early a period, would be their commercial relations.
Flint, and afterwards copper, as we have seen, were positive necessities, —
without which life could not be carried on, — yet Switzerland produced
neither of these materials ! Flint was obtainable in Graul ; copper, perhaps,
in Britain ; nephrite, evidently, from its extreme hardness, a most valuable
commodity, was only to be procured in the East. The Moosseedorf remains
shew that flint weapons were manufactured on the pfahlbauten platforms,
and the celt-moulds of the lakes of Geneva and Neuchatel would point to
the casting of copper in the country. But the long transport of such
materials to an inland country must have been attended with great diffi-
culty ; and it is hard to see what the pfahlbauten dwellers could have
rendered in commercial exchange beyond the produce of their flocks and
herds, and the uncertain peltry of the chase.
It is invariably found that human remains are of very rare occurrence,
and are mostly those of children who may be supposed to have acci-
dentally perished. From this fact we may presume the settlers had their
burial-places on shore ; but thus far they have not been found. It would
also shew that when the pfahlbauten were attacked, and fired, the in-
' It is worth obflerving that the custom of dwelling in such oonstmctions still ooo*
tinues in some parts of Asia. In Borneo and New Qninea gfaklbauitm viUasct
abound; probably also throughout the Philippine archipelago. In Bomiah it is Um
common osage of the country to build houses raised above the gnmnd on piles.
I860.] The Aiicient Lake-Dwellings of Switzerland. 595
habitants contrived to escape in their boats. Very little, however, would
be gained by an examination of a few chance crania, even if such should
occur. Except under the most favourable contingency, it would be im-
possible to decide whether they were those of the pfahlhauten inhabitants
at all.
We have already said there is a great analogy between pfahlhauten and
the crannoges of Ireland, inasmuch as they were both contrived as dwelling-
places for mankind in the midst of waters, with a view to security ; and
that both appear to date from the stone-age. They differ, however, from
each other, inasmuch as the crannoges are, we believe without exception,
islands of an artificial and varying construction, while in the Swiss lakes
such attempts at insular solidity but rarely occur. They have been noticed
at the Nidau Steinberg, as the name denotes ; and at another point also
in the lake of Bienne, where a boat, laden with stone for such a construc-
tion, still lies at the bottom of the lake. This boat is of the description
termed einhdume. It is hollowed out of the trunk of an enormous tree,
being fifty feet long, by four wide. Similar attempts at stone islands appear
at Corcelettes, and at Concise, in the lake of Neuchatel ; and still more
perfect attempts at crannoge constructions have been found at Inkwyl lake,
near Soleure ; at Nussbaumen, in the canton of Thurgau ; and Wauwyl,
near Lucerne. It will be seen, therefore, from the fevv examples found,
that constructions, in any way approaching the crannoge system, are per-
fectly exceptional.
The archsBological world is under great obligations to Dr. Keller for
this discovery, which, if it does not vie in splendour with those of Pompeii
and Herculaneum, may prove in its results still more important for history
and ethnology. These researches have had the singular good fortune to
be conducted with great energy, not as a curiosity quest, but a matter of
science ; and the manner in which the results have been handled reflects
the greatest honour on the antiquaries of Switzerland.
596 [Dec.
SCANDINAVIAN OLD-LORE AND ANTIQUITIES.
It cannot but be interesting for our British antiquaries and intelligent
public now and then to cast an eye on what is passing among oar Scan-
dinavian kinsmen. Many a hint will thus be given, and attention directed
to points illustrative of our domestic researches. The field of Northern
language, and literature, and mythology is one, though it is natural that
its English and Scandinavian branches demand their local students and
diggers.
The Edda Songs are daily undergoing careful study, and not without
excellent results. Criticism and philology have already considerably modi-
fied older errors both of translation and mythic contents. A fresh con-
tribution in this direction is a Swedish examination of HdvanuU*, in which
students of Old-Northern literature will find good help to a proper un-
derstanding of this heathen Book of Proverbs.
In "Four Introductory Lectures^," by newly appointed professors in
TJpsala, we find some interesting subjects well treated. The first, by
Hedenius, is on the medical system of Hippocrates; the second, by
Malmstrom, gives a brilliant sketch of Swedish literature from Stjernhjelm
to Qustaf III., in which the disastrous effect produced on all high art by
the licentious Theatre- King is well shewn; the third, from the pen of
Hiiltman, rapidly and impartially treats the development and decline of
the Papacy during the Middle Ages. But we would particularly direct
attention to the fourth, by Carl Siive ; this lecture, delivered on assuming
the chair of Northern Language and Literature, discusses the meaning of
the names borne by the Northern gods, and is a treatise no less elegant
in form than profound and clear. While, as is our right, objecting to
certain details, we cheerfully admit that it gives - concisely and distinctly
— admirable explanations of the old mythological personifications of our
Northern ancestors, and we can promise our readers a rich treat in
its pages.
Harald Fairfax's famous son Hakon, known as Hakon the Good, or
Athelstan's Fostri, from his having been fostered up in the court of our
King Athelstan, died in 961. He was a monarch so great that be has
been called the second founder of Norway, and is in the remembrance of
all our readers. They are also familiar with that grand poem to his
honour, which was wTitten by his kinsman and poet-laareate, £}-Tind
the Scald-Spiller, (Bard-eclipser). An excellent edition of this splendid
* Inlediiing till Havainal, ellur Odens Song. Akadcmisk Afluuidling. Af A. J.
lliizolius. Upsiila, 186(>, 8vo., 39 pp.
^ l''yni lutradetj Forclauningcr. Upsalu, 1859, 8vo., 00 pp.
3
I860.] Scandinavian Old-Lore and Antiquities, 597
commemoration-song has just been issued in Upsala*^, with a carefully
edited text. Introduction, Swedish translation and explanatory notes, the
whole from the pen of a young scholar, B>. Cederstrom.
The Northern Literary Society of Gheapinghaven has contributed a new
volume, this time one which gives us sagas of other than the usual class,
namely, what we may call the popular novel of Iceland. It was natural
that a taste for romantic fiction should spring up, and should go side by
side with the invaluable historical and mythical songs and compilations.
Accordingly, from the twelfth century downwards we have not only a
succession of champion-lays, and fairy-tales, and Arthurian and Charle-
magnic adventures transKited and imitated from the Latin, Anglo-Norman,
and German, but also original works by Icelandic Walter Scotts, Bulwers,
and Dickenses, all of which admirably illustrate the language, the manners,
and the superstitions of the country. Those given us in this volume ^ are
as follows : —
'' Bart$arsaga Snsefellsass,*' written about the year 1300, or a little later,
a tale of giant and goblin adventure. It also contains splendid verses.
'^ Viglundarsaga," from the close of the fourteenth age, an Icelandic
love-story of a very romantic character, also containing some noble verses.
**f6rt$arsaga hret$u," a fragment from old parchment leaves, in the
highest degree interesting. The complete saga, but in a somewhat
modernised form, was published by the same Society in 1848.
^^ Draumavitranir," most curious contributions to the dream superstitions
of the old I^orthmen. No. 1 is " Stjomu-Odda Draumr," from the middle
or end of the thirteenth century; so romantic as to remind us of the
Arabian Tales. It contains charming poetry. No. 2, ''Bergbua )>dttr,*'
which might be called the death-lay of the last giant. It is from the
middle of the thirteenth century, and has its characteristic stanzas.
No. 3, " Kumlbtia fdttr," from the end of the thirteenth century, a burial-
mound legend, with two stanzas. No. 4, " Draumr )>orsteins SiSu-Halls-
sonar," from the twelfth century, with verses ^. Illustrates the superstitions
of the second sight.
Last of all, and very curious, is ** Volsa )>dttr,*' with its naive and laugh-
able verse-quotings. It is a strange story, but valuable as being the only
<^ Forsok till tolkning och fdrklaring af HikonarmoL Akademisk Afhandling af
Rndolf Cederstrom. Upsala, 1860, 8vo., 26 pp.
<* Mr^arsaga Soffifells^ss, Yiglundarsaga, )><5r^ar8aga, Dranmavitranir, Volm-H^ttr.
Ved Qut$brandr YigfiiBson. Udgivet af det Nordiske Literatnr-Samfiind. Ejoben-
bavn, 1860, 12mo., xviiL and 178 pp.
* This dream was first published in Germany, by Mbbius, — " Sagan af >orrteini
Si^a-Halls Syni ok Draumr )K)ntein8 Si'Sa-Halls Sonar," I^ipzig, 1859, 8vo., 18 pp.
This is in fact separately printed from that gentleman's " Analecta Norrona," Leipzig,
1859, 8vo.
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX. 4 b
598 Scandinavian Old-Lore and Antiquities. [Dec.
Icelandic memorial extant connected with the old heathen Priapas worship.
It 18 antique, probably from the twelfth century.
The learned editor has given an Introduction, Notes, Helps and Index.
Almost everything in his volume has either never been printed before, or
has been badly done from inferior or defective manuscripts.
There is another large class of romantic sagas, those whose scene and
manners are Continental, or Oriental, or Biblical, &c., not Icelandic or
Scandinavian. The last one of this kind which has been made public is
"The Tale of fjalar-J6nV commencing, " Vilhjdlmr hefir konung heitiS.
er re« fyrir Frakklandi," (William was a king bight, who ruled over
Frank-land [France]).
Among the works which have lately appeared relating to Northern
history, we would point out a valuable contribution to the biography of
the Icelandic magistracy, '' The Roll of the Lawsay-men and Law-men of
Iceland, from 927 to 1800.'* It is by the accomplished J6n SigurtSsson, is
drawn up from all sorts of sources, both incidental and direct, and is enriched
with much detailed information s. In another direction we have an im-
portant grammatical work, FritSriksson's "Icelandic Orthography**." Both
the above are published by the Icelandic Society of Copenhagen, which
ought to have far more English members than is at present the case. Still
it is pleasant to add that we are beginning to pay off some part of our debt
to these Northern brothers. Not only have many British gentlemen paid
large sums in order to assist as "Founders*' in the Royal Society of
Northern Antiquaries, but a direct gift has lately been made to the Ice-
landers, the especial keepers of the common temple of our ancient traditbns.
and speech, and song. By a codicil to his will, dated August 15, 1853.
Charles Kelsall, Esq., has left £1,000 in New South-Sea Annuities for
building a new library at Reykjavik ; and the amount, realizing £838, has
already reached Iceland. We may add that Bligh Peacock, Esq., of
Sunderiand, has just offered a prize of £5 (another gentleman adding a
second prize of £3) for the best Essay by a native Icelander on the best
method of developing the resources of that island and adding to the comforts
of the people, all founded on the principle, " Help yourself, and Heaven
will help you.*' The prizes will be adjudged next year, by the Goancil of
the Icelandic Literary Society.
Before leaving this subject we may add, that if any gentleman wishes
to indulge in the very latest Icelandic verse, by some of her cleverest
litterateurs, and elegantly printed on fine paper, he may gratify his taste
' Sagan af )>jahu'- Jdni. Oefin ut af Gunnlaugi |K$r«anyiu. KortiriS af Xgti J^oi-
syni. Reykjavik, 1857, 8vo., 64 pp.
I Safn til Sogu Islands og Islenzkra Bdkmenta atS fomn og n)jii, 11^ 1, 8va,
KaapmAnnahofn, 1860, 176 pp., Lbgsogaraanna Tal og Ldgmanna i Iflandi.
^ Islcnzkar Bjcttritunar-rcglar. Reykjavik, 1859, 8vo^ zvi. and S46 pp.
I860.] Scandinavian Old^Lore and Antiquities, 599
by ordering the subjoined work^, which contains many charming pieces.
Several of them are translations, and of these some are from Gray, Burns,
Thomas Moore, &c.
We may add that the sister-dialect Gothic has not been entirely neglected
of late. Herr I. Lundgren ^ has given an excellent edition of the Comment
on St. John's Gospel, accompanied by a Swedish translation and a large
number of useful philological notes.
The rise of cities in modern Europe, and all the momentous results which
have flown therefrom, is a subject worthy of careful study. This is espe-
cially the case with the Gothic nations, with whom the city is a modem de-
velopment in comparison with the Greek and Roman civilization. Even at
this moment the so-called towns in Scandinavia are for the most part little
better than villages, though invested with municipal forms and political
influence. As a learned and laborious, and yet elegantly- written, contribu-
tion to the details of this subject, we have great pleasure in pointing out a
new work by Odhner, full of information on the history of the towns in
Sweden ^. It begins with the earliest period, traces their gradual progress,
the eflforts of the kings to create by their means centres for commerce and
bulwarks against the usurpations of the German Hanse, and follows them
downwards to that re-formation of their self-government under Gustavus
Adolphus by which even now they are in a great measure distinguished.
We would also remark in passing that a striking treatise has been written
by Herr Nordstrom, comparatory of the causes and character of the great
revolutions in Sweden and in England °^. It is well worth perusal.
A new part of the Northern Antiquarian Society's Magazine ^ has ap-
peared. It continues the piquant paper of Gisle Brynjdlfsson on the My-
thological Hints in the O. N. Poems, and copious and instructive notices
of C. R. Smith's Inventorium Sepulchrale by Faussett, Dasent's North-
men in Iceland, Rhind*s British Archaeology, Lord Londesborough's An-
tiquities, Wilde's Antiquities in the Royal Irish Academy, Przezdziecki's
Polish Middle- Age Monuments, the Bohemian Journal of Archaeology,
Kubinyi*s Hungarian Antiquities, the Old Monuments of Venice by the
Antiquarian Commission of that province. Count Conestabile's Etruscan
> Svava Ymisleg Evse'Si (MiBoellaneous Poems) eptfr B. Grdndal, G. Brynj^isoii,
S. Thorsteinson. Kaapmannahofh, 1860, 8vo., zvi. and 176 pp.
^ Skeireins Aivaggeljons ]>airh lohannen, eller Forklaring ofver Johanuif Evan-
gelium, iron Mosogotskan ofversatt ined Anmarkningar. Akademiak Afhandling. 8vo.,
Uppsala, 1860, 33 pp.
' Bidrag till Svenaka Stademas och Borgarestondets Historia fore 1633. Akademisk
Afhandling, af C. Th. Odhner. Upsala, 1860, 8vo., 92 pp.
"^ Jemfdrelse emellan Statahvalfhingame i Sverig^ 1680 och i England 1688.
AkademUk Alliandling, af S. £. T. Nordstrom. Upsala, 1860, 8vo., 31 pp.
° Antiquarisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af det Eongelige NordUke Oldakrifb-Selikab.
1855—1857 (Part 2 and 3). Kjobenhavn, 1859, 8vo., zxz. and 161—384 pp.
600 Scanatnavtan Old-Lore and Antiquities. [Dec
Inscriptions, Koehne's Museum of Prince Kotschoubey, MacPhenon's
Antiquities of Kertsch, Lord Dufferin's Letters from High Latitudes, Mirza
Gheeoz-od-Deen's Habeeb-os-Seear (History of the World), and the Bajah
Bahadura*s Sanscrit Encyclopeedia.
Professor Worsaae has lately given a most valuable paper on the right
appreciation and distribution of our oldest European antiquities in the
Gothic lands ®. He has succeeded in fixing tioo periods of stone remains.
The older one is, that of the wild nomadic tribes who, thousands of years
ago, lived in savage simplicity near the coasts and river banks, had no ac*
quaintance with metals, and have left the kitchen and oyster-shell heaps
which have lately excited so much attention. The stone implements of
this age are plain, and coarse, and unpolished, and are found mixed with
a few articles of bone and some very coarse clay urns. The second is that
of the stone graves, with far more perfect and polished stone weapons and
better clay pots, and with ornaments of amber. The dead were buried
unburned.
Next as to bronze. First comes a transition age. Stone implementi
are found mixed with bronze. The bodies continue unburned, in chests of
flat stones, with an overlier. Commonly they are made for only one corpse,
sometimes buried in a sitting posture. Then come the oblong stone-block
graves, with coffins, or the bodies otherwise protected by wood.
A third period shews unburied bodies in merely earth-mounds, or other-
wise, the grave not being of stone, but marked by small stones above or
around.
The last bronze period has no skeletons. The bodies have been bomed,
and are deposited in urns or on the ground. Stone tools, &C.9 are few,
occurring merely as amulets or holy-stones.
The older the bronze the more elegant it is.
As to iron. Prof. W. also points out two periods. The first, from about
the time of Christ to about the end of the fifth century, has iron weapons
and ornaments clearly of Roman origin, or imitatious therefirom, sometimes
with Roman inscriptions and coins, and on which are oocasionally found
Old-Northern (vulgarly called Anglo-Saxon) runes. A new and splendid
field for finds of this description is Brarup Moss, in South Jutland.
Prom A.D. 500 to a.d. 1000, or down to the Christian era in Denmark,
the iron is of a different form, is found with Byzantine or Cufic ooins, and
where there are runes, they are Later-Northern, (Scandinavian).
Prof. W. concludes his delightful sketch with an account of the oldest
stone weapons and tools, with palings, &c., found by him, during' the late
dry season, ou a small island and round the lake of Engestofte in Loland.
o Om en oy Deling af Steen-og Bronoealdereo, og om et markellgt Fund fra dn
ffildre Steenalder ved Engestofte paa Laaland, af J. J. A. WofiMS. SfO., EjQlMnhaTiW
1860, 37 pp.
I860.] A Scene in Cumberland. 601
This islet is now called Worsaae's Isle, and has been placed by the owner
under the protection of the State. It is not often that an antiquary is so
nobly thanked.
And no>¥ a monument not the less curious, although it is not a printed
book. At Kullans in Garum, in the island of Gotland (Sweden), was
formerly a chimney-support of iron, three and a-half feet long, covered
with a runic inscription. It was bought in 1800 by the antiquary Hilfe-
ling, given by him to the famous collector P. Tham of Daganas in West-
gothland, bought by a Frenchman at his death, and had since disappeared.
A short time since it was discovered by a Swedish artist (Mandelguen) in
an old iron-shop in Paris, has been bought by Professor Carl Save of Upsala,
and has now been given by him to the Museum in Visby, the capital of the
island. The inscription (transferred into Roman letters) runs : —
BOTMimDR : KULLANS : HAN : LIT : OEBBA : HILAI MUR : VEBK : OK '. 8IALWR :
GERDE : TRBI : VIBK I STTTWTJ : OK : 8UMAR I HUS I OK : TA : VAR : H : SUNUDAHR :
OK : K : BRIM : stawr : i tretando : vado : ok : lyfthadis : a : sasta : simi
JTJDE : AFTON MARGIT : HIT : HUSTRUN.
' Botmund Kullans he let gar (make) (the) (w)hole brick work, and (he
him)self gard (the) tree (wood) work, (the) stue (parlor) and summer
house. And then was H Sunday (letter), and K prime stave (the golden
number) in the thirteenth row. And was finished on Saint Simeon-and-
Jude's eve. — Margaret bight (was named) the-wife.'
The date is thus October 28, 1487.
A SCENE IN CUMBERLAND.
Eajlth hath not many a fairer spot I ween
Than this lone vale, approached by paths as rude
As ever led to Alpine solitude !
Erom early morn to noon my steps have been
Still wending upwards through a stern wild scene
Of shaggy fells, besprinkled here and there
With many a marshy pool or sullen mere ;
Till, having passed those portal rocks between.
My eyes were gladdened by this soft green vale,
Smiling in silent beauty, far apart
Erom town or highway. There no poet's tale
Need'st to revisit oft the gazer's heart.
Fairest yet loveliest of the mountain dells
My devious steps have traced on Cumbria's feUs.
X.
G02 [Dec.
WOllKS OF THE ROMANO- GAULISH CERAMISTS.
The fictile manufactures of the ancients are justly esteemed by tlie
antiquary, the artist, and the amateur, as some of the most interesting
works of antiquity which have come down to our own times. Their vast
number and variety, and the marked characteristics which prevail equally
among those of the lowest with those of the highest civilized nations,
admit of easy recognition and classification, and thus give them a peculiar
value to the comparative archaeologist. From the rude Celtic sun-burnt
urn up to the high artistic Etruscan, Greek, and Roman vessels, there are
numerous sub-divisions, which are now being well understood, although
not very many years since they were misread even by the learned, who
often founded upon them the most illogical and wildest theories. Now
well-directed, learning explains with decision and confidence the mytho-
logical subjects of the rich and costly pottery of Italy and Greece ; and the
less artistic, but not less instructive, products of the workers in clay in
Germany, in Gaul, and in Britain. The latter have presented by far the
greater difficulties, because, unlike the former, they seldom carry a direct
evidence of origin, and they have had to be treated by the slow and tedious
processes of comparison, and the results submitted to the test of the labori-
ous operations of the spade and pickaxe.
These researches have led to conclusions almost unexpected. It if
proved that extensive establishments of workers in clay flourished in Bri-
tain during the Roman epoch, and that their works are even now to be
recognised in reference to the particular localities where they were made,
with almost as much certainty as a collector identifies the various kinds of
china and porcelain, and recognises old Chelsea ware, early and late Wedg-
wood, and the numerous varieties of foreign and home manufieu^tures. The
practised eye can discriminate between the vessels baked in the Duro-
brivian and those fired in the Cantian potteries ; and can as easily detect,
from leading features, the origin of other classes. With like certainty it
can distinguish between native and those foreign fictile works which were
imported in immense quantities, and are daily brought to light whenever
the sites of Roman habitations are excavated.
The works alluded to may be strictly designated pottery, as the word is
usually understood ; but the ancient ceramists, at the same time, executed
in clay small statues, shrines, figures of deities, human beings, and animals,
which are by no means of common occurrence. To an extraordinary
discovery of these figurines ^ or statuettes as our French firiends term them,
we, on the present occasion, draw attention, feeling convinced the novelty
and interest of the subject will be appreciated by many of our readers ss
« «
I860.] Works of the Romano-Gaulish Ceramists. 603
opening a new field of archseological inquiry, and as materially augmenting
our information on the state and extent of one of the most important in-
dustrial arts in the northern provinces of the Roman empire.
This opportunity is afforded us by the exertions of M. Eklmond Tudot,
of Moulins, in the department of the Allier, to whom the chief credit of the
discovery is to be ascribed ; and who has recently published his successful
researches, and those of his colleagues, in a manner so complete in text
and in illustration as to leave nothing to be desired *. The plates (litho-
graphs) are seventy -five in number, which, with numerous woodcuts, pre-
sent the whole of the objects discovered, (about four hundred,) of the actual
size, from faithful and spirited drawings by the author himself, whose pro-
fessional ability will be estimated by the examples here introduced, which
have been engraved expressly for this notice.
The site of the discovery is in a field called Lary, near the little village
of Toulon, to the south of Moulins. Here were found not only the objects
described, but the remains of the furnaces in which they had been fired,
the moulds in which many of them had been cast, masses of the white clay
which composed them, and other indisputable evidences of an extensive
establishment of ceramists, which appeared to have existed over a consider-
able number of years, perhaps to the extent of two or three centuries.
The manufacture of statuettes and other works in white clay was very
evidently the principal business of these potters ; their settlement at this
particular spot having been apparently induced by the abundance of the
material in the immediate vicinity where are situated the pits which fur-
nished the supply.
The woodcut on p. 604 gives a view of those kilns of which the founda-
tions and walls had been better preserved than many others of which traces
only remained. They are each about four and a-half feet wide, and about
nine feet in length : the upper portions are, unfortunately, destroyed. The
masonry is composed of large masses of clay worked into the form of
bricks, the dimensions of which are usually 18 inches by 12 inches, and
8 inches in thickness. The furnaces were arranged, as appeared by these
ruins, in groups of sometimes a dozen or fifteen.
The vast collection of specimens of the workmanship of the potters,
which M. Tudot has succeeded in publishing, consists of moulds bearing
the names of the ceramists who executed them ; perfect figures of divini-
ties, and of personages unknown ; busts, medallions, and various frag-
ments ; animals, vases, and ornaments, all in white clay ; matrices, and
punches or stamps for the red vases, &c.
Of the divinities the figures of Venus are by far the most numerous.
* Collection de Figarines en Argile, oeuvres premieres de V art GauloiB, avec les
NoiDs des Ceraixiistcs qui les ont execut^es. Par Edmond Tudot. 4to. (Paris:
Kollin. 1860.)
TForkt of the liomano-Gautuh CermthU. PDee.
•^
0.]
Works of the Eomano-QaulUh Ceramisla.
They are of various types, and are treated with more or less skill, as is the
case wilh most of the other figures. The goddess is, in some examples,
represented as standing in a semicircular alcove or shrine, [eedicula,') richly
decorated. These shrines exhibit considerable taste and elegance, as well
as diversity of design and orDamentation. Yenus is the only deity to Trhoia
Heigbt, 9 iDcbM ; widlb, 5 IncbM. Ilelgbl, JJ Ischa.
these adiculie are allotted. Figure 1 will convey a notion of both; and
figure 2 represents one of the best-designed figures of Minerva.
Minerva is the subject of comparatively few statuettes ; but Abnndantia,
with cornucopia and patera, (the Dame Ahunde of medieval myths,) ie of
frei]^tieiit occurrence. Still more popular must have been the goddess Fe-
cundity, for her effigies are not only the most numerous in this collection
from the Allier, but they are also to be met with in maieums and cabinets of
local anti(|uities throughout France*". As upon coins, she holds one or two
centlj been found at CanterbiiTy.
Work* of the Bomano-Omiliah CeramitU.
[Dec.
infants in bei' ht us, ixv.i is sealed in a cliair af wicker-work with ft tiigh
Fix. !. bncli (fig. 3). There in no duobt that there
deities, Abuiidantia and Fecunditas, bear re-
IniioH to tlK> deK matret of iDscriptions and
monuments, as M. Tuilot ohiiervefl. The
motive which rendered them all bo very popu-
lar was the same ; but at the same time ther
not identical. The de<e matrea are, wheo
, represented, invarialily a trinity ; these wliite
\ clay figuies are single and not grouped ; the
I hitte riire a personification of human ft-
I cundity, the former typify the fruitfulncM of
I the fields, the vineyards, the orcbarda, and
I woods. In one instance, (No. 51.) •
rabbit, an emblem of fecundity, \% intiB>
diicei) instead of the infant ; and tone of
the figures are BCCniii)iaiiied by s aingle
infant, or by three children standing. An «■-
ample from Bonrges introduced by M.T^Bt
; for cnrnparison, represents a Kated fcBik
' holding a cornucopin in one hand, ud whtf
J puEiibly may have been intended for ■ drink*
ng-vessel in the other. Upon tbe pedntd
s the Gaulish hog, and the maker's ttai^
' FOSTiKADA, probably for pbstiea.m«[m).
Hi^ighi, ; iuciun. which appears upon the back of n VenDi.
Next come female fiinirefl on horseback. Two hold the cornncopU ud
patera ; the^e may probably be intended for the goddess Epona, the pf^
tectrcss of hnr^es ami i>tab1i's. Another represents a woman in a trsTelliig
dress, with a huod. Tlierc is also a biga carrying two penona. Tbc
horses are heavily yoked with woodwork upon the necka, reminding ns of
the clumsy horse-funiitare to be seen in the rural districts of France at fl>e
present day.
The images of gods are comparatively few. They comprise Herculc»i
]lfercury, the head of Jupiter, and a bust of Apollo : these are palpably
recognised bv their character and emblems. Some othera may possibly be
intended for topicul divinities. But by far the greater number are femi-
nine, and of these the personifications of maternity indicate the favourite
object of adoration of the population of Roman Oaul. These images were
doubtless manufactured for the lower classes, and were probably purchased
chiefly by women, in whose houses they were the iorti, or household
divinities; the precursors of the medieval and modem popular figures of the
Virgin and Child which are to be found at the present day in almost erety
cottage in France.
18G0.]
Works of the Romano-Gaulish Ceramists.
607
The medallions, or di>ca,
the field of Lary. They a
e among the moat arti»tic productions from
probably copies of the votive or honorary
— — -^ shields upon which the busts of
deities and persons of distinc-
tion were carved in relief. Pliny
(Nat Hist, ixxv. 3) gives a
long account of the history and
peculiarities of these shields,
which are also frequently men-
tioned by other ancient writers.
Another section includes busts,
male and female, chiefly upon
ciicular otands. Of these there
18 a considerable variety. The
most remarkable was discovered
hyM Tudot at Vichy, well known
fur Its medicinal waters. For its
beauty and rarity we here in-
troduce an engraving from M.
Tudot's drawing. The original,
including the pedestal, is thir-
teen inches in height.
The pedestal is a cUta, or
money-box, upon the principle
of the well-known medieval and
modem thrift-boxes of earthen-
ware, and the church doors' box.
The bust was attached to the
bos at the period of its manu-
facture. At the top is a slit to
receive the money, and at the
lower part of the back is an
M. Tudot considers that the divinity represented
upon the box is Apollo.
"Thfl hMil," he observM, "is ornRtneottd with > crown of lotiu, > Mcr«d plant
wliich s'atws itself upon the Burface of tbe water when the sua rises, and sinhi b«1ow
wbt'n the sun sets. The boyisli phjsiognomy of the god aeema tbe emblem of p«r-
pctunl j'oiitb. The di)u?overj of this imagG near tbe source of the hot apringa doea cot
ptnnit us tu doubt that the youthful Apollo, the god of medicine, was tbe tutelarj
deity of the place."
There are a few groups which are of somewhat difficult explanation,
a?, for example, the child recumbent upon the back of a dolphin. In thia
the author, together with M. Maury, sees an illustration of the ancient
tradition of the souls of the just carried to the Fortunate Isles.
608 Works of the Romano-Gaulish Ceramxsti. [Dec.
Another extensive series, representing persons in real life, is particularly
curious and valuable for the examples it affords of Bomano-Gkiuliah cos-
tume ; and in the same point of view many of the divinities and other
personages will be regarded with interest, for there is no doubt that the
coiffures and the dress generally may be accepted as instances of fashion-
able and local styles at different epochs.
Animal life is illustrated by lions, horses, sheep, oxen, apes, peacocks
and other fowls. The horses give excellent notions of the mode in which
they were harnessed. In this section M. Tudot has introduced an ass or
mule laden with amphorae. It does not appear to have been discovered at
Lary ; but from the explanation it gives of the manner in which these
unwieldy and footless vessels were slung for carriage, it is a valuable con-
tril)ution. Many of the apes are hooded and dressed as caricatures of
human beings, conveying an impression of keen perception in the designers
of the grotesque and ridiculous. To make this extraordinary gathering of
fictile works complete, M. Tudot has introduced some puppets, or children's
playthings, constructed in pieces and fastened together with wooden pins or
wire. It should be understood that almost the whole of these statuettes
are moulded in two pieces, which were united by the potter before they
were placed in the furnace : thus the disunited halves are often discovered,
such as the fragments found in London ^, which probably were imported
from Gaul, as they seem identical with some of those engraved by M. Tudot
It may also be noted that these figurines vary in length from about two to
thirteen or fourteen inches.
No less than twenty-eight potters* names appear upon the moulds, all of
which arc traced with pointed wood or metal. They are in semi-cursite
characters, autographs, in fact, either of the makers or of the proprietoft
of the moulds; for ayoti FOBiiiA, 'the mould of Avotus,' and natii Foasa,
' the mould of Nattus,' may indicate either that the moulds were executed
by those persons, or that they were merely the owners. It is probable,
however, that they may have been both the makers and the manufacturers,
employed by the proprietors of the establishment ; and that the names
were impressed the more readily to identify the products of the respeo^
tive ceramists.
In concluding our notice of the main features of M. Tudot's valuable
production, which may be said to introduce us to a new field of archco-
logical inquiry, we direct the attention of our readers for comparison to
our review of Mr. Barker's '* Lares and Penates," printed in the volume of
our Magazine for 1855. The red clay terra-cottas of Cilicia are generally
of higher artistic merit than those of the Allier ; but as illustrations of the
Romano -Gaulish manufactures and trades, and as throwing light on the
popular religious sentiments and feelings in Gaul and Britain, the latter
^ Illustrations of Roman Loudon, p. 109.
I860.] Works of the Romano-Gaulish Ceramists, 609
are equally important, and will naturally be more esteemed by the archsa-
ologists of these two countries.
The subject of the red, shining, Roman pottery, usually called Samian^
has been so frequently discussed in former volumes of our Magazine, that
we cannot refrain from mentioning M. Tudot's evidence, which fully sup-
ports the opinions of those who, long since, decided that it was imported
into Britain from Gaul. From the Allier he gives us examples of the
moulds, the punches, and the stamps of the makers, proving that it was
manufactured simultaneously, in that district, with the figurines in white
clay, and the more recent discovery, or detection rather, of the name of
a Eoman potter upon a monument at Bordeaux, (which name, upon the red
pottery, was found in London ^,) is a singularly curious and decisive con-
firmation of the correctness of opinions arrived at upon other grounds.
Of upwards of two hundred and seventy names, (some of them variations
of the same name,) at least two hundred and twenty are identical with
those discovered in London. M. Tudot, evidently surprised at the long
list published by Mr. Roach Smith ®, observes, in reference to it, that he is
convinced that a very considerable number of these stamps have been col-
lected in the valley of the Allier, especially in the environs of Clermont ;
that, without doubt, in ancient times the Britons, by their commercial
relations with Gaul, imported fictile vessels from that country, but not the
works of so many as seven hundred different potters ; and from the perfect
identity of many with those of the Allier, he infers that their introduction
into England is less early than has been believed, and possibly of a recent
date, although the entire collection is presented as having been exhumed in
England ! Our learned and zealous colleague may dispel all suspicion on
this point. The discovery in London itself of every stamp is too well
authenticated to admit of a doubt in the minds of those acquainted with
the circumstances under which they were brought to light If duplicates
had been reckoned, the entire number would have amounted to thousands
instead of hundreds.
^ Collectanea Antiqua, voL v. pi. xvii. The name, CintngennB, is too peculiar to
admit of a doubt that the stamp found in London came from the potter of Bordeaux.
' Illustrations of Roman London, pp. 102-7.
610 [Dec
THE LAW OF TEEA8TJRE TROVE.
The following is a copy of the memorial sent to the Home Secretary
by the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, in answer to the circular letter
addressed to the Corporation of York, announcing the intention of the
Government to assert the rights of the Crown in respect of treasure
trove : —
" The Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society have recdved from the Town
Clerk of York, in pursuance of a resolution passed hy the City Council at their hut
quarterly meeting, a copy of a letter addressed, by the direction of the Secretary of
State for the Home Department, to the Watch Committee of the CooBcil. From thu
document it appears that the Lords of the Treasury have authorised ' the payment to
finders of ancient coins, gold or silver ornaments, or other relics of antiquity in Eng-
land and Wales, of the actual value of the articles, on the same being delivered np for
behoof of the Crown.' Persons making such discoveries are to be informed by the
police officers ' that on delivering them to the Sheriff they will recdve from the Trea-
sury rewards equal in amount to the fiill intrinsic value of the articles.' Further, ' in
all cases in which it shall come to the knowledge of the police that snch articles have
been found, and the persons finding them refuse or neglect to deliver them up, the
Secretary of State desires that measures may be taken for their reoovei^, and that in-
formation may be forwarded to him.' The Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, while they acknowledge that Sir George Lewis in ivning tins notice
to promote the preservation of objects of antiquity, believe, for the following
that it will not only be ineffectual for its purpose, bat positively ii^nrious to the
interests of archaeology.
" 1. The promise of remuneration according to the intrinsic value of the objects
found, will afford no adequate motive to the ordinary cLiss of finders for delivering
them up. The intrinsic value of many things very precious in the judgment of an
antiquary is trifling ; and others, such as tesselated pavement* stone sarcophagi, and
wooden coffins would be pronounced by an appraiser to have no intrinsic value what-
ever. Even if the promise of payment should be interpreted liberally, so as to indnds
something more than the price of the material, the builder, the ploughman, or the ex-
cavator, when he has found an object of antiquity, will always choose to make his own
market, rather than submit the question of its value to an officer of the Crown. Bj
this class of persons the law (if the law really sanctions the claim now made) will be
set at nought, while persons of education and science, to whom ^aooverers have
hitherto resorted in the hope of obtaining a liberal remuneration, irill be nmbansid
by their desire to ohey it. Pre-emption, when the party taking poMomion fixes tbs
price, is only a modified form of confiscation, and is very repugnant to the genins of
English law.
" 2. The last century has been distinguished by researches into the antiquities of
Oreat Britain and Ireland, carried on by individuals, to whom neither the Crown nor
Parliament has afforded the slightest pecuniary aid. To them it has been owing that
antiquarian pursmts have been rescued from the imputation of resulting only in fiuMtfoI
hypotheses, and British archsDology has been placed on the solid fimndation of an in-
duction of facts.
" It is only necessary to mention the names of Sir Richard Colt Hoars, of the Rev.
Mr. Douglafi (by whom antiquaries were first taught the tme characters of Saxon in-
I860.] The Law of Treasure Trove. 611
term en ts), of the late Lord Londesborough, of Mr. Bateman, Mr. Wylie, and the
Honourable Mr. Neville, to shew how deeply the science of antiquities has been in-
debted to these voluntary and disinterested undertakings. Had those who engaged in
them been informed that they must notify their discoveries to the police, and sur-
render to the sheriff those objects which they had hoped to retain as ornaments of their
mansions and their museums, or as illustrations of the volumes which they were
preparing to publish, assuredly their zeal and liberality would have been greatly
checked. But many such researches remain to be made. Archseologists neither solicit
nor expect the pecuniary aid of the Crown : in making them, they believe that they
are best carried on by individuals or associated bodies ; but they would deprecate the
heavy blow and great discouragement which antiquarian pursuits will suffer, if those
who expend their money and their labour in bringing antiquities to light are required
to give them up to the Crown. Even the humblest collector will feel himself aggrieved
by such a demand. His collection has a value to him, far beyond pecuniary recom-
pense, in its association with local and personal circumstances.
" 3. The Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society feel themselves specially
called upon to represent to the Secretary of State the injury which his circular letter
will inflict on all local Museums of archeology. From its first establishment, this
society has made it one of its principal objects to collect and preserve the relics of
antiquity with which the city of York and its neighbourhood abound. It has been
seconded by the liberality of the Corporation and two nulway companies, and of private
persons in the city and county ; and it has expended large sums in purchasing and re-
moving antiquities, and providing a suitable place for their preservation and display.
Such a Museum could never have been formed had Sir George Lewis's Instructions
been in force, without a violation of the law ; and its increase will be stopped if these
instructions be not withdrawn. Even supposing that all of which local Museums are
thus deprived should find its way into some vast national repository, where it will be
carefully preserved and displayed, the interest and instruction which archsological
objects are calculated to furnish will be greatly impaired when they are removed from
the localities in which they were found. At this moment, extensive excavations are in
progress at Wroxeter, the ancient Uricopium. The inhabitanta of Shrewsbury and
the gentry of Shropshire have subscribed liberally towards the expense of these ex-
cavations, not only with a view to illustrate the history of Roman Britain, but also to
form a museum in the town of Shrewsbury, where the traveller, who has visited the
remains of the Roman city, may complete his knowledge by viewing the works of
Roman art. This object could never be attained if, while the ruins remuned in
Shropshire, the moveable antiquities were transported to a Metropolitan museum. If
the people of England were generally indifferent to the preservation of their anti-
quities, the intervention of Government might be called for. But whatever may have
been the case in past times, no such indifference now prevails; on the contrary, those
who live in districts where objects of antiquity abound, are ready to remunerate dis-
coverers, and take a pride in preserving and exhibiting them; and these feelings
are far more effectual than the fear of the police, or the hope of reward from the
Crown.
" For these reasons, the Council of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society respectfully
request that the recent notice from the office of the Secretary of the Home Depart-
ment may be withdrawn."
612 . [Dec.
^vtginal Botnmrittsf.
Among recent removals from the Ashmolean Museum to the Bodleian
Library are six volumes of letters in folio, which, though of much interest
and importance, appear hitherto to have been overlooked. They contain the
communications on which Wood based his Athena^ or at least from which
he drew information to complete which his own researches had not enahled
him to discover. These letters (on which replies are sometimes indorsed)
were arranged as to names of writers, and put into their present consult-
able shape, some years since, by Mr. Kirtland, the then Deputy Keeper
of the Museum, where, buried in a chest, they had escaped the notice of
Dr. Bliss, the able editor of Wood's great work*. We propose to print
occasionally extracts from them ; and we shall begin our selection with the
letters of Aubrey. The correspondence between Aubrey and Wood ex-
tended over a period of twenty-seven years, or from 1668 to the time of
Wood's decease. Dr. Bliss has remarked that though the two antiqua-
ries were greatly obliged to each other for their mutual literary commu-
nications, their friendship was neither firm nor lasting^, but this hardly
seems correct. The letters of Aubrey are numerous, and invariably ia
a friendly tone until we reach the year 1693, when the prosecution of
Wood by the Earl of Clarendon, for statements made on the authority of
Aubrey, very probably caused their correspondence to drop for awhile.
Certain it is, that there are but four or five of Aubrey's letters after that
time, but it will be seen that the last one is much of the same tenour as
the former ones, and though he says, " I have been ever ready to serve
you, but have got neither thanks nor credit for it," he still describes him-
self as Wood*s '^ faithful friend," and gives him direction where to write to
him ; thus evidently not contemplating a rupture of their friendship.
No. I.
London, Deeemb. 5, 166S.
Mr. Woodds, — I rcc** your kind Fre and had soonr writt to you could I have
mett with Mr. Dugdale, who yesterday and this night veiy courteously rememben
liim to you and assures me will be willingly ready to serve you and the rathr for
* For instance, Dr. Bliss cites the second-hand authority of Heame's MS. Remarki,
as proof that Wood derives the statements for which he was prosecated from AQbrcy
(Life of Wood, p. 385), when in one of these volnmet is contidned the very letter in
which Aubrey gave the information in question; this letter we shall print at sn cariy
opportunity.
^ Life of Antony k Wood, 8vo., 1848, p. 153, note.
5
^
I860.] Original Documents, 613
tliat there is not yet any vacancy but he supposes one y* I know that is not fitt
for the place will be contented for money to resigne. He is Lancastr herald and
one that the office (and I thinke every body,) hates, or ought to doe, for he hath
been the bo\Ue-feu to sett my dame and me at variance. Mr. Dugdale will try
what is to be donne and doe what is possible. All lovers of this learning ought to
rejoyce when you shall be an ornam* in the office. About Friday or Monday com
sevenight I shall goe to Chalke : returne the next Terme. John Latch (Somerset-
ensis) a very learned 3Ctus of the Middle Temple was of S» Johns obiit about
Coll, Oxon, there is a book called his Reports. Clement Walker ^^^'
Esq. (Theodorus Verax,) author of y* Hist, of Independency, was of X' Ch. Oxon.
obijt in the Tower, about Worcester fight. I have not yet had the leisure
to ferret Thuanus, but it must be in Q. Eliz. time concerning the Q. of Scotts.
I will see if I can and send. M' Dugdale lies in the Temple in M' Elias Ashmole's
chamber, he goes out of Towne on $ next and I think doth not suddenly returne.
I will call on him again to be mindful of y' desire. My kind respects I pray to
y good brother and sister, and M' Hine. Thus craving y» favor to pardon my
hast I rest y' assured friende and servant,
Jo. AWBEEY.
My humble service I pray to M' and M" President Trin. Coll., and you will
oblige me to try if you can doe my Youth Robin any favour*^.
At the back of the above Wood has given a copy of his reply to Aubrey,
as annexed : —
Bee, 8, 1668.
Good Mr. Aubrey, — I am glad I have such a frend as y** to stir in my
buisness. I would by noe means have put y° to this trouble, could I have reposed
confidence in any other. Y* p'son y* y* mentioned in y"" letter y' is now Lane.
Herald, his name his Chaloner, whose character I have heard by one of his
neighbours y* liveth at y* Devizes. I know also y* he hath bin an officer in y'
K's Army, a busling man for y'' world, of great acquaintance with y* gentry and
one y* und'standeth not his trade well. I suppose y* if a resignation be desired
of him, he will not stick to ask enough, yet if he will come to reasonable termes I
sliall be as ready to deale with him as any. Y° will doe well to enquire w''*' y* yearlie
value of y* place is, in whose gift and to who'e I should apply my selfe in case
any of these places fall, for this resolution have I taken up to my selfe y* I will
endeavour w* I can to take such an employment y* sutes with my genius (though
I part with y* poore estate I have rather than to follow y* w*^** is altogeather dis-
agreable to my studies). Pray S"" move once more in this buisness soe far as I desire
and y* will ever engage me to be
Y** most humble servant.
Ant. Woode.
1 thank yo for my two writers Latch, and Walker, I shal put them in their
places and for ought I know as yet remb' them.
Pray S' charg y letters hereafter upon my score.
'^ In a previous letter dated London, May 19, 1668, addressed to Wood, Anbrey
gays, " Pray present my humble service and respects to D^ Bathurst and his ingeniose
Lady. I hope they like my servant Robin. I should be extremely happy to place
him in 0x6."
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX. 4 D
G14 Original Documents. [Dec.
Ko. II.
Broad ChaUce^ Navmb 17, 16/0.
DEA.RE Mr. Woods, — I re(^ y of 10 instant. 1 am glad that I have given
you some things to jo' satisfaction. 1 am sorry to find such slacknesse in great
I have forRott if I putt downe «»en, for Carrying on so publiq a work ; when the-
y Handmayd of Devotion, by trouble is SO nothing. I shall send again concerning
Dr. Featiey. I have It, w«* waa S' W. Ralegh •>, and for 8yd. Godolpliin* ; vide Review
one of w. CartwriKhfa bookea^ ^^ ^^ ^^y^y^^. Leviathan, where is an honourable men-
w»»» his owne name to it. It ,. ... i ■ ^i -o j j* x -^
hath some marginuii notes inter t»on 0^ *"m» M a*8o in the Ep. dedicatory, w«^ you mnst
esBtera this. Where in y« ff. of insert. I desire to have the quando of W. Cart-
hoiyda>-e8 y* Dr Apeakn of 8» wriglit's' christning, I may guesse by the Ephemeridei
George aa a mere flgment. w (™]^aps) when he was bomc ; I doubt not but he had
Cartw. writes, for this was I>» V j r* i • i i. j t i • "»r w
Featiey made fall upon his knees (5 and 2 as his ascendant, and h hw enemy. Mr. F.
to w. Lawd A.B. Cant., wo* is Potter, Rcctor of Kilmanton, was borne at Mere, i
an odd storie. gmall market towne in Wilts, upon Trinity Sunday ere.
The day of the month he knowes not ; 'tis easy to find in an old Alman. or Epb^
maris. Vide Stadias, or a great folio, 3 inches thick ; or perhaps it
is in Origanus. He was baptised the 22 of May, 1594. Dr. Chr. Wren» wm
borne at*. . . Knoyle, baptised y* 10th day of November, 1631. I have writt
• soo my other letter. ^ ^^J^ ^^"^ f^® f *^^ ^j"™®" AstrologiHS ergo ; His a powt
Quere D' Waiiis what thing! spirited thing if he wiU not resolve me. David Jenkini^
Dr. w.hath invented. hath writt a learned treatise of the Lawe in folio [of
One M' Gerard, or Castle Gary, cases twicc judged], q. nomcn and an opuaculu Ln
insom'sct,coiioetedtheAntiquU ^^^^^ ^^^ j^ jg.. ^^^ at .... in Glam— ; he
DefonTwcM ^TotJ llormjm ^^s of Edmund ', afterwards of Grayes Inne, one
retrieve; his executor had them, of the Judges in South Wales, Pri a longtime
whose estate was seised on for in the Tower, Newgate and Windsore ; was the onlj
deht. and utterly lost. ^^ j^j^t „g^gy complied. Dyed about 1665, at Cow-
bridge, in Glamor. He marryed S' Jo. Awbrey*s sister. If yoa will I am fur-
ther satisfy you.
Jolm Latch J, of the Middle Temple, an eminent Lawyer as any in England, vis
borne at Langford, in the parish of Church -hi 11, com Somerset ; I could enquire
D' Newton [now Parson of ^licn. Wasj)f S» John's Coll., Oxon. Dyed warn-
Rosse, iieref.] told me that ho wherc in Midd., about 1659. He Rot a booke of Re-
was of Kdm's Hidi : yet living, po^s, printed about 1660.
::^:^::^^^:^ , Hcnge,t where Mr. Vaughn. Ured. » in Hc«forf.
himseife hy eating a piece of shire, near Radnorshire : vide map. I have icnt f
hott roast becfe off y* spitt— Qusires to Mr. Iloskyns. Pray rememb' noe kindly to
^' P- 3- S' Browne. 1 thanke you for y' humanity to pier
so inge .... ^ a youth, desire his secresyas to me. I would have him gett i
good Copy-bookc [Gcrv's is the best], to mend his hand ; there ia a new-fashioi
hand used by the Secrctarys ; a kind of easy Roman of the best uae. Print hand
he can doc a little already; this will be no hinderance to his study; he will master
•« Vide Wootl'a AthetttB, by Blina, vol. ii. p. 285; Aubrey's Live% Ac. (S Tola.8va«
London, 1813). vol. ii. p. 50U.
« Vide Wo«Kr8 Athena; vol. iii. p. 4-1; Aubrey's Lives, ^ voL ii p. 625.
' Vide Wood'H Athena, vol. iii. p. 69. v Vide Aubrey's Lives, pankm.
»» Vide Wood 8 Athena, vol. iii. p 6 J3 ; Aubrey's Lives, &e, vol. L p. 61, note.
> Hall. i Vide Wood's Athena, vol. iii p. 399. ^ Qoerj 'ii^cnian.'
I860.] Original Documents, 615
it presently. Hereafter, when he goes into y* country, I would desire him to call
at Mr. Warnford's, in High worth parish, at Sennington. I heare there are many
old scutcheons in the Hall ; it was a Religious house, i ^oe think it might be sayd
Nunnerye. Ramsbury is in lib. B. I am glad you of Antiquaries aa of Poeta, nas-
found anything there W^"* likes you! 'tis pitty such cunt'nonflunt; (and i also be-
Mdms should be lost or put under piea. w'" ha, been ^;;,t*byl u^.tapi.::,"
the Fate of many good MSS. I thank you for y kind- yr workc. i would fain, me-
nes that you will be pleased to take a care of them ; thinks, doe some good in the
when you have donne with it, at y leisure pray send ^°'^^ ^ ^ «>^^ ^^""^ ^ dy«-
it hither to fiU it up. I think I have now donne about ^" ^^^ ^"^ ~~ ~°«*-
3 pt" of 4 of Wilts. I hope the next spring, in a fortnight or 3 weeks (invisibly)
doe the remaynder. I know not how or why methinkes, but I have a kind of
divine impulse to have it donne ; nobody els will doe it, and when 'tis donne none
of those p*' will value it ; but the next generation I hope will be lesse bruitish.
I have a q' of Chorographia Antiquaria in a map, and discourses upon it, viz.
the Rom. and British and danish camps, highways, and traced Ofifa's Dyke, from
Seveme to Dee, and Wednesdyke, and rectified M' between 8. Wales and y. French
Camden in some places. Nothing is in it yet (except Sca i have taken an account of
some eniwrt » wayes) that hath been donne abready. ^ ■«^«"" ^^^ *°* naturaU
T 1 J .1 # — 1 J. . 1 1 e xi obaenriblo in it, as y« nature of
I have surveyd the camps, foud out the places of the ^^^ i„ y. respective soyies,
battles by the barrows, and pretend to tell you where the nature of y cattle theron
Banduca's battle was, W**' I think would be evi- feeding and the nature of Indi.
dence to a jury. M' Hoskyn and D' Ball sayes it is «*°* ^"^pp* '^^ "** ~^^^
the best thing I have donne, but 'tis but drie meate ( v. Exod. 30,
V. 23, &c. ; and Exod. 8, v. 10, for the consecration of the Temple). I will write
to Fabian. I am sorry he is such a dull fellowe. But bro Tom p'sents his ser-
vice to you, and will goe to Allington. I dayly expect an answer from D' Charl-
ton. S' Edw. Hoby lived at Bisham, in Buckingham shire, towards Maydenhead.
Captain Taylor left his papers (w«*» is not above a quarter of Herefordshire) in
S' Edw. Harley's hands, my worthy friend, an Antiquary. I will write to him the
next time I write to you. Pray doe me the kindnes to save me the pains, and
now a double letter, to send to my brother William (for I cannot send from hence),
to bring a manuscript w*^** I returned to Mr. Stokes (an old parchment, wherein is
mention of Diis N . . . , whose effig. and ISS. is in the chan. wind., y* will shew
me when he lived). And also desire him to see the V I told him of in Langley
Burel window ; he is as slow as Fabian. q, Swidys, fiUus Edwini A.
I will write other things next time, being now Epl Eborao, obijt at his slster'a
weary. Tuissimus, my Lady Wenman's, at Caswell,
A in Witney parish.
S' Rob. Harley, K« of y« Bath, fathe of 8' Edw. now living, trans, all the Psalms
int English verse well.
I desire to have y Nativity, w*^ you told me you would looke out. See the
Preface of Mr. Gadbury's Aim, by his Proposalls for y* advancem* of AstroL I
can furnish him with an excellent copie, and y* of men of note in severall wayes ;
but y* D. of W. would laugh at this, but Kepler and Tycho Brahe would not I
would have Mrs. Bathurst " come within the Pale of the Bom. Church. She will
laugh at it. From Pride, vaine glory, &c., good L**, &c.
' Sic : query * eminent.'
•" Dr. Bathurst, President of Trinity College, &c, married in 1664 Mary, the
widow of Dr. Palmer, lato Warden of All Souls' College. Vide Life of Wood, by Blisi,
8vo., Lond., 1848, p. 141.
616 Original Documents. [Dec.
Give the Hereford carrier a speciall ohardge ab* S' Edward Harley^s letter ; he
lives 16 miles tlieuce ; let him enquire well what shop-keep' is his correspond, &c.
1 have sent to the Provinciall of the Jesuits for the ISS. of Alex. Hales at
Paris.
Consider, were you in my case, whether you would chose the advantage I may
make in Maryland, [but cui bono ?] or I.H.S.
1 wonder what fadyr Hind sayes of me. Quint Curtius Nulla res efficientur
multitudinem regit q superstites ; we have now amongst us so much saving fiaithe
that justice and charity are out of fashion ; nay, scandalouae Veritas in pater ;
phaps 'tis not fit it ever should be drawne out, but y* Genevists, &c., are as supsti-
tious as the Rom., but doe not know it ; a man must Loque cQ vulgo sentire cA
sapientibus.
Nov. 26. 1 lately rcc<* ill news, that Fab. Stedman is absented. I left in his
cupbordc 2 great trunkcs of gallant books of good value, and know not yet what
is become of them. 1 take him to be an honest man. Two of my MSS. are there,
and Mr. Hobbs* life ; w*=^ had 1 not been forcd to doe, as you know, I bad had the
honour to write (1.) publish in my name now will be donne by Mens' Verdoyle, of
Aquitaine, inter cetra ; he says that as Avarice is the roote of all eyill, so the
contempt of Riches is the of Justice and brave actions.
I have writt to S' Edw. Harley for Capt. Tayler's MSS. of Herefordshire, —
S' Rob. Harley y* translated the Sames [Psalms] was K* of }* Bath, and father to
S' Edward and to S' Robert .
By Dr. Jo. Newton**.
Scripsit.
Mathem. Elem*' in 3 parts.
(1. Pradticall Gcom.
2. Use of y« Globes.
3. Delineation of plan, or y* p'herie of any great circle Sec*" 0
pjectu.
Astronomia Britannica (P).
Ifi? I '^^^ doctrine of the Sphere and Theory of y* 7 planets.
'• I Dccimalls by Trigonometry and by Tables.
r Geomctricall Trigonom. in 16** for the construcciona of the
1659. < Canons of Triangle and for y solucion of them at y* Sun in
C Paul's Ch. y"*.
About 1666. Scale of Interest of Engknd. He told ma he «m
English Rhctoriq'. tr^^"^
1671. English Logique. where.
On the back of the foregoing letter Antony d Wood has written the
following extract from the long-lost vol. B of Aubrey's *' Collections for
North Wilts f '—
Mr. Aubrey's Collect
B. p. 58, in
Eas Knahill,
com. Wilts.
. . . but the fame of this place is for the birth of Xtop\ Wren, M.D., Savilian
p*fcssor of Oxon, England's Archimedes, Architect of the Theatre of Oxon. lie
was borne the cliamb\ ov y*" parlour. His father was Deane of Windaore and
parson of Knahill. llis molhci's name was , of Funthill, in y next parish,
a p*!son not only of admirable parts, but of a sweet comunicatiTe nature.
I860.] 617
aintiquanau antr Hitcrarg ffntriligmcer.
{^Correspondents are requested to append their Addresses, not, unless agreeable, for
publication, hut in order thai a copy of the Gbntleman's MAaAZOTB containing
their Communications mat/ he forwarded to them."]
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
N'ov. 15. John Bkucb, Esq., V.-P., in the chair.
H. L. Lawrence, Esq., elected Fellow 1836, attended and was admitted
Fellow ; Alexander Craig Gibson, Esq., George Maw, Esq., and Sir Shafto
Adair, Bart., were declared duly elected Fellows of the Society.
John Evans, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited a Roman fibula, the property of
Lord Verulam, and found on the site of the ancient Verulamium. It was
remarkable for its diminutive size, and for the good preservation of the
colours in the enamel.
Samitel BiEcn, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited a pricke-spur found at Little
Marlow, in a grave. Its date was supposed to be circa 1300.
Mrs. Souse exhibited, through Paul Hawkins Fisher, Esq., three ori-
ginal documents of great interest, on which Mr. Bruce furnished some
valuable remarks. The first of these documents was an order signed
Feversham, dated in Sedgmore, July 7, 1685, and addressed to the famous
Colonel Kirk, the purport of which was to have gibbets erected, and to
hang rebels ad libitum. The embarrassing feature of this document
Mr. Bruce explained to be as follows: — it had all the semblance of a
warrant, but at some period it had been folded as a letter and addressed
to *'The Hon^'° Sir John Guys at the House of Coihons," — whereas it
appears that Sir John Guise was not a Member of Parliament before 1688,
three years after the date of the document so directed to him.
The second letter was from the Lords of Council to Charles, Earl of
Macclesfield, dated July 15, 1690, ordering him, as Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Gloucester, to call the militia together. The letter is interesting
as evidence of the panic caused by the battle of Beechy Head on the
30th June, 1690, between Tourville and Torrington.
The third document was a letter from the Earl of Macclesfield to Sir
John Guise, dated July 29, 1690, impugning some arrests that had been
made bv Sir John's orders.
J. J. Howard, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited a grant of arms to the Mayor
I860.]
619
THE OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL
SOCIETY.
First Meeting, Michaelmas Term, the Rev. Dr. Plitmptre,
THE President, in the chair.
Nov. 14. This meeting (held in the Ashmolean Museum, by per-
mission) was the first held since the change in the denomination of the
Society which was made last term, and by which title the scope of
the Society's labours was considerably enlarged. As many are probably
aware, the word " Historical " has been added to the title, and at the
same time the subscription has been reduced from one guinea to ten
shillings for members during residence, and five shillings for non-resident
members who would wish to keep up their connection with the Society
and receive the reports. This reduction of the subscription, as was antici-
pated, enabled the President to read a much longer list of new members
to be balloted for at the next meeting than had been the case for some
years past.
Two new members, proposed at the last meeting, were elected — the Hon. B. Abbott,
Ch. Ch., and A. W. Booker, Esq., Ch. Oh.
The nsual business of the Society being
concluded, the President called the atten-
tion of the meeting to the discussion of
the evening, namely, the Connection of
History with Architecture, which he con-
sidered very appropriate to the inangnra-
tive meetings under the new title. He then
called upon Mr. J. H. Parker, who said he
had been requested to open the discussion,
as being one of the original members of the
Architectural Society. He cordially ap-
proved of the union of history with archi-
tecture, and considered it rather a develop-
ment of the original idea of the Society than
any real change of plan. The Society had
always taken the historical view of archi-
tecture, the eesthetical and the practical
had come in naturally and inddentally,
but were not essential. Some of the ear-
liest papers read before the Society had
been as much historical as architecturaL
The Heraldic and Archseolc^cal Society
had already been incorporated wirh this
Society, which possessed the library of
both. The collection of casts of the
mouldings and details of each style or
period which the Society had formed at
its commencement as the Grammar of the
study, had always been arranged in chrono-
logical order and under the kings' reigns,
which must be allowed to be an historical
arrangement. He considered it impossi-
ble to understand mediaeval architecture
without history. On the other hand, the
architecture of every country was an essen-
tial part of its history, and so closely con-
nected with it that it seems impossible to
separate them. He believed that some
knowledge of the history of architecture
would be of the greatest use to the student
of all other branches of history, and greatly
assist his memory, as visible and tangible
objects are always more easily remembered
than any others.
The character of each century is dis-
tinctly stamped upon its architecture, and
everything else is subordinate to this;
national, provincial, and even personal in-
fluence may be traced upon many build-
ings, but quite subordinate to the character
of the age in which they were erected.
The exact date of a building tells its cha-
racter much more than the place where^
or the persons by whom, it was erected.
The buildings of the eleventh century mark
a period of very rapid progress from almost
barbarism at the beg^inning, the masonry
bang of the rudest possible deicriptioD, to
620
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec.
a coiiBidcrablc degree of civilization and
very good masonry at the end of it. The
twelfth century was also a jwriod of very
rajiid progress, and U'fore the end of it we
have as tine masonry as the world has ever
seen, although the style is still h«;avy and
masfflve, and may be said to symbolize the
oi)i)res8ive rule of the Norman kings.
In the thirteenth century we have light-
ness, vigour, and boldness, characteristic
of freedom of thought and of action, — the
men who erected those buildings also ob-
tained Magna Charta. In the fourteenth
century we have less vigour but more re-
finement, and in architectural details a
more close copying of natural forms. In
the fifteenth century the beginning of
decay may he traced in the sliallowness
and feebleness of the details, but English
buildings of this i>eriod still often have
a good deal of manly vigour about them.
In the sixteenth the decay has proceeded,
and the mixture of styles shews the un-
settled state of the times.
The personal character of our kings, as
well as the times in which they lived,
were not without their influence on the
architecture of their day. The chief build-
ings of the time of William the Conqueror
and William Kufus are the Norman castles,
those massive scjuare keeps which are
fouud in all parts of the country. Henry
1., called Beauclerc, was a Vnan of letters
and of religion, and the chief buildings of
his time are monasteries and churches. The
civil wars of the time of Stephen called
for more castles; many were added, and
others rebuilt in his reign. Henry II.
succeede<l by peaceful hereditary succession
to the whole of the western provinces of
France. The constant frimdly intercourse
with the people of those provinces could
not fail to have considenible infiuence upon
England, and this is shewn in the archi-
tii'ture of the i)eriod, the great time of
triinsition from the Norm:m to the Gothic
st yle.
]{ichard Cccur-de-Lion was not merely
a warrior, he was the first military archi-
tect and engineer of his day, as is shewn
by the ChAteau (iaillard, which he designed
and built, and which was far in advance
of any other buildings of his day. The
C
freedom which the people obtained undi r
John is shown by the freedom of their
ai'chitei-turc, as has been said. Some ex-
cuse may be made for the vacillHtion and
weakness of the goyemmcnt of Henry III.,
by the fact that the whole revenue of
his kingdom was absorlnfd in building:
almost all onr great cathedrals and abbey
churches belong to his reign. A great
war with Wales would have been as
ruinous then as a great European war
would have been during the height of the
railway mania in our own day. Edward I.
has left the stamp of his character and his
history in the great castles of Wales,—
Conway, Caernarvon, Beaumaris, and Har-
lech, — and not less in the castles of
Guienue ; and of his free trade principles in
the flourishing towns which ho founded.
In the time of Edward II. and III.,
the great burons who ruled the country
have left monuments of themselves every
where in the castles and the churcbei
which they built, as in this neighbonrbood
Dorchester Abbey Church, which had in
its windows tlic anus of nearly all the
great barons of the time of Edward II.
Tlie will of King Henry VI. contaiu
the most minute arcliitectural directions
for the building of his two colleges at
Eton and Cambridge. But the religions
fervour which was at its height in tht
time of Henry III. was gradually decay-
ing, and in the following century hecains
very dead, until revived by the Reforma-
tion. The castles of the Edwardian pe-
nod gradually gave way to more peacefiil
habitations, and before the end of the fif-
teenth century the fortifications were in*
tended more for keeping out bands of
robbers than for regular war&re. In the
sixteenth Uiey became more ornamental*
and marks of grandeur rather than mefbL
Altogether, he thought that ardiitectore
was the best possible memoria teekniea (or
the study of modem history.
The President in tbanlung Mr. Parker
for his remarks, with which he fhUy con-
curred, referred to a question which was
closely connnected with them, namely, the
cause of the metal- work being often so
far in advance of the buildings of the Mae
age. lie pomted out the lact that wc
j»
I860.] The Oxjord Architectural and Historical Society, 621
found jewellery of remote ages equal in
beauty aiid delicacy to that of the present
day, — of ages which were, in other respects,
very uncivilized. He referred to examples
which were dug up in America, evidently
of an early period, but of workmanship
equal to that of Paris or London of the
present time. He then called on the Li-
brarian to say a few words respecting the
Roman spear-head which had been laid
upon the table.
The Librarian begged, first of all, to
off> r a few remarks upon what had fallen
from the President with respect to other
remains belonging to the Middle Ages,
than those of buildings. It seemed to him,
that as buildings appealed to the eye
as had been shewn, in illustration of
history, so all works of art and manufac-
ture belonging to a certain period wonld,
when collected t<^ether, tend to illustrate
the manners, customs, and, indeed, the
civilization of that period ; and he referred
especially to the fact of the Architectural
Society possessing a considerable and
valuable collection of casts, models, &c,
illustrating the times from the Norman
Conquest downwards. At the same time,
there was a collection in the room, the
Ashmolean collection, which was almost
confined to objects illustrating the history
of this country previous to the Norman
Conquest. Now what he hoped was,
that these two should be brought to-
gether, and thus form a chronological
series of illustrations from the time of the
liouians to the present; and he hoped
that it was not saying too much, that
there was no building in Oxrord so suit-
able in every way for the whole collection
as the room in which they were now as-
sembled, and in which one-half of the col-
lection had been placed for more than two
hundred years.
With regard to the Roman spear-head
which had been sent for exhibition to this
meeting, he would only observe that it was
one out of 140 which were found laid edge-
wise in two rows of 70, one above the other,
in the centre of the Roman camp at Bour-
ton-on -the- Water, not far from Addlestrop
Siutiuu. He pointed out the position of
this camp with regard to the great Fosse-
Gent. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
way and the other chief roads of Roman
Britain. The other piece of iron- work,
possibly a sword-hilt, was found in the
churchyard of Lower Swell, near which
are two British barrows. He hoped, how-
ever, that these were but a beginning, and
that at each meeting rimilar objects of in-
terest wonld be laid before the Society, and
that several would in course of time find
their way into its collection.
Mr. Owen referred to the Library of the
Society, which, it was explained, was not as
yet accessible to members, but arrange-
ments it was hoped would shortly be made
for that purpo e.
Mr. Shirley, of Wadham, said that he
was struck with two points which bad
fkllen iVom Mr. Parker. First, the great
change which took place in military archi-
tecture. InNormantimesthemasnvesqnare
keeps, rude and simple as they were, an-
swered their purpose, — they could not be
taken, and enabled the g^reat barons often
to set the king at defiance. A century
later we find that the means of attack have
increased, and necesritated much greater
preparations for defence, as in the Ch&teaa
Gaillard. At a later period, again, in the
time of Edward 1., we have deep ditches
and bold fianking towers. Some evening
he hoped we might discuss the means of
attack and defence as connected with mi-
litary architecture. Secondly, he wished
to ask Mr. Parker whether he had been
able to trace any infiuenoe of the different
religions Orders on the style of architec-
ture in their buildings.
Mr. Parker said that the point had not
yet been sufficiently investigated to arrive
at any satisfactory conclusion. The build-
ings belonging to the Cistercian Order are
generally plwner than others of the same
period, especially the earlier bnildiiigt.
There is also a difference of plan between
a monastery, and a cathedral surrounded
by its dose, with separate houses for the
canons, as had been pcnnted out by Mr.
Freeman ; but the subject altogether re-
quired more investigation.
Mr. Pattison, of Lincoln, enquired what
was the date of the latest fortified houses
or private buildings erected for defence ?
Mr. Ooldwin Smith instanced Old Has-
4S
G22
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec
ing-honso, of the time of James I., wbich
anstaineil throo sieges; bnt this was proba-
bly an exceptional case ; bouses of so late
a period were not usaally fortified at all,
or not sufficiently to stand a siege.
Tlie President mentioned tbat be bad
received a letter from Torquay, enquiring
wbetber tbe floor under tbe seats in a
cburcb sbould be raised, or level witb tbat
of tbe passages. The committee tbought
it was gpncrally better for tbem to be
level, to avoid the danger of elderly people
tripping over tbe low step, wbicb is more
dangerous tban a step of tlie usual height.
Mr. Parker, in roply to a remark of tbe
President respecting the metal-work of an
early period, like Alfred's jewel in this
Museum, ol>served tbat metal-work was
generally in advance of stone sculpture,
and tbat a half-civilized people are often
very skilAil workers in metal. He alsi
mentioned Mr. Skidmore's theory, tbat tbe
conventional foliage of tbe tranational
period was copied from the gold orna-
ments used in tbe wooden chnrchee o' the
Saxons, many of which may have been
preserved to tbat period. With reference
to this Museum, be took tbe opportnuity
of calling attention to the Amndel mar-
bles, now kept in a room belongini^ to tbe
Bo<lleian Library where nobody sees them.
Amongst tbem are tbe fonndation-atonei^
witb inscriptions. Of Deerhnrst Chnrch in
Gloucestershire, founded by Dnke Odds
in 1053, and of Rewley Abbey in Oxford,
founded by Ela Long^etp^ ConnteM of
Salisbury, about 1230. Tliese objecta ought
to form part of an Historical Mufleom.
Tbe President then adyoumed tb«
meeting.
Second Meetino, Michaelmas Tebx.
Nov. 21. The Eev. Dfi. Pluhptke in the Chair.
Tbe following gentlemen were elected members of the Society :•«
Rev. Dr. Welleslcy, Principnl of New Inn Hall.
Mow A. P. Stanley, Regius Professor of Ecclesinstieal History.
Ooldwin Smith, Esq., M.A., Professor of Modem History.
Hev. G. Ridding, M.A., Exeter College.
liev. C. W. Rouse, M.A., Follow of Exeter College.
Rev. G. M. Rullock. M.A., Fellow of St. John's College.
Montagu K. Burrows, M.A., Magdalen Hall.
C. E. Hammond, Ejm]., Fellow of Exeter College.
Viscount Newry, Ch. Ch.
Cbas. A])pleton, Esq., St John's College.
John J^angdon Fulford, Esq., St. Mary HalL
T. E. Hawes, I*^., Abingdon.
Henry St. John Hoade, Esq., University College.
J. Scott, Esq., Pembroke College.
The President, while these names were being balloted for, read extncti
from the following letters which had been received by the Committee.
From the Rev. If. B. W. Churton, asking for information on Manor Chancels.
From the Rev. C. A. Orifiith, giving an account of an ancient mural paint-
ing in distemper on the walls of tbe church at Berwick St. John. From
the Rev. J. Cross, asking for information tespecting the stained glass of
Capronnier of Brussels, a specimen of which may be seen in Doncaster
Church. From the Rev. E. R. Hutton, referring to the fact that heraldry
was, as well as architecture and history, a subject to which the Sodetf
should give its attention, as tbe two societies, the Heraldic and Architec-
tural, were some years ago united ; and, secondly, hoping that the Society
I860.] The Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. 623
would find means to put itself into communication with some of the nume-
rous literary and scientific institutes, &c., which had been set on foot in the
adjoining counties. He thought that many would be glad to receive the
reports of the Society*s proceedings, and also, probably, be wilhng to
furnish accounts of discoveries of archaeological interest in their immediate
neighbourhood.
The names to supply those of the five outgoing members of committee
were read, and also the names of those gentlemen who wish to join the
Society, to be balloted for at the next meeting.
Mr. J. H. Parker then delivered his lecture, " On the Comparative Pro-
gress of Architecture in England and France during the Middle Ages, with
especial reference to the History of the Times."
Mr. Parker began at the year 1000, and of France were part of the English domi-
quoted a }.a sage from the contemporary
chronicle of Uadulphos Glaber, that " from
the number of new buildings being erected
in 1003, the world appeared to be putting
on a new white robe." He also refvrred
to the treatise of King Canute for the safe
conduct of English travellers, who in iheir
more extended, and often varied journeys
to Rome, had better opportunities of see-
ing and knowing what was going on than
the inhabitants of any province of France,
and to this he attributed the greater per-
fection of English Gothic; the changes
are so gradual as to be almost impercepti-
nions, and there was consequently great
intercourse between the people of those
provinces and England, and their archi-
tecture had more influence upon ours than
that of any other part of France. The
buildings of Anjou, Poitou, Maine, and
Touraine, were in advance of any others
at that time, and had a mixture of the
Byzantine element derived from Perigord.
He said that bar-tracery was used si-
multaneously in the Sancte Chapelle at
Paris, at Rheims, and in the chapter*house
at Westminster, in 1245. Ornamental
foliage was copied from nature about the
ble, and although advantage was taken of end of the thirteenth century in both
any improvement in foreign countries,
they were so assimilated to the English
style that no violent change or hiatus is
anywhere perceptible. The fritndly in-
tercourse of the people of England and
France had far more to do with this pro-
gress than any change of government, but
those provinces of France with which wo
had the most intercourse naturally bad
the greatest ihiluence upon our own archi-
tecture. In the fii*st half of the eleventh
century our style is distinct from anything
in France, and is possibly Danish. In the
time uf Edward the Confessor the Norman
style was introduced, and there is no dif-
ference then between Normandy and Eng-
Lmd; the early work at Westminster is
just as forward as the work of the ^amo
time at Caen, and this continues to be the
cii^e until the middle of the twelfth cen-
tury. During the great period of tran-
sition, the whole of the western provinces
countries. The mouldings are always far
more numerous in the English buildings.
After the beginning of the fifteenth century
the styles entirely diverge from each other ;
the French Flamboyant and the English
Perpendicular are, at first sight, totally
different, but have many features in
common : the shallowness and poverty of
the details in both are sig^ of approach-
ing decay. Throughout the whole period
the race was so nearly even that it is often
difficult to say which had the priority.
In the courseof the lecture he laid special
stress upon the necessity of tnking the
history of the country into account, and
remembering that France was not, as now^
one country, but composed of separate
provinces, constantly changing and con-
stantly influenced by external political
events, and each having, therefore, its
distinct architectural character.
The President, in thanking Mr. Parker,
6.24
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec
referred to iiMtanccs where Preiich archi-
tects had been brought over into KrigLiud.
lie also called attention to what he con-
Bidored to be one of tlio earliest churches
existing ill this country, namely, the church
of Dover, which he was glad to say the
Govi'rniuent had ordered to be put into
repair, but the original work to be scru-
pulously preserved, and that it was now
in Mr. Scott's hands.
Mr. Urquhart, of Balliol, wislie<l that
more reference had been miide to Scotland,
lie thought thiit the architecture of this
part of Britain was more immediately
connected with that of France than with
the architecture of England. He refer-
red especially to the flamboyant style,
which was common to France and Scot*
land, but wanting in England. He, how-
ever, admitted that the chapter-home of
Elgin Cathe«1ral was aiinilar to that of
Wells and others, and of a t^pe not fimDd
in France, lie also referred to the pre-
valence of the tooth-omaineiit, hot the
abfl<*nce of the ball-flower orumment. In
Scotland.
Mr. Parker thought the ooni|4iriaoii of
the architecture of Scotland wirh that of
England and of Fnincc, from b<itli of wfaidi
it differed in many pointa, quite worthy of
being studied, and he liopecl hii 1 1 he Society
would be favoured with aoine ohscrYatiooi
upon it ; but ic would haw lKH*n loo wida
a field for him to have iiitrud oed it into
his lecture that evening.
After some obscrvatioiis from the Ber.
J. W. Burgon and tlie lUrr. U. J. Boo^
the meeting was adyoumed.
LONDON AND MIDDLESEX AND SURREY ARCHJEOLOGICiX
SOCIETIES.
Sept, 18. Basset Smith, Esq., F.G.S.,
in the chair.
Mr. William Henry Hart, F.S.A., ex-
hibited a deed dated IGvh of June, 1635,
made between Richard Evelyn of VVootton,
Esq., CO. Surrey, of the one part, and
Robert Ilattou of the Middle Temple,
Ijondon, Km]., and Oeorgc Duncuml)e of
Albury, Ksci-, co. Surrey, of the other
part; whereby Richard Evelyn, for the
natural love and affection he bore to John
Eoelynt gentleman, his second son, and
Richard Evelyn his youngest son, settled
cei*tain estates in the county of Sussex for
their benefit.
This deed is of interest, as rel iting to
the Ci^ebrated John Evelyn, and it fur-
nishes not only a good signature of Richard
Evelyn his father, but also of John Rowe,
the SuMcx antiquary, who is one of the
attesting witnesses.
Mr. H. W. Suas exhibited some Roman
lead-pipe, which was taken up in 1854,
along the line of Old Broad-street, near
the site of the late Excise-office. It is
supposed to have been the supply -pipe of
a Roman hiith, fttund near the spot.
Mr. VV. H. Overall exhibited several
gl)ccimens of lioman pottery, recently dis-
covered in Ivy-lane and St. PenrsChaRli<
yard.
A massive egg-shaped watch, nuinniii^
tured about 270 yean siucut was exhibittd
by Mr. FiUinham. The case and face were
entirely of brass, and a imall pin. about
the sixteenth of an inch in leng h, wn
affixed to each figure on the diaL
Two papers by Mr.Hig^na were read
by Mr. Sass : one, with reference to a nb-
terraneim passage in Canonbary, the other
with regnrd to a cuffiu fonnd in the road-
way oppotdte the "Angely" lulington, ia
1855.
Joseph Jackson Howard, P.S.An a-
hibitid a collection of curioui ailver Mahh
temp, sixtei-nth century, one of then bear*
ing the arms of Mort*, of More and fiank»
in the county of Lancaiter, Tia. [Aigvntl
three hounds oourant in pale [aaUe] : oa
another, of •ouiewhat lingnlar ihap^
dating about the oommenoemeut of the ai-
teenth century, the arms of the Meroeii^
Company are quaintly engraved.
Mr. Howard ako eahibiti-d two granti
of arms to the Harei of Stow Bardolpk.
Norfolk. Ihc fint, in |ioini of diite^ ■
a grant fVom Robert Cooke. Clarradtvit
(with hii siguature and toal,) to NicbolM
I860.] London and Middx. and Surrey ArchceoL Society, 625
Hare, of Stow Bardolpb, in the county of
Norfolk, son of John Hare of London,
gentleman, and grandson of John Hare,
of Humarsfield, in the county of Suffolk.
The arms are described as follows : —
" Gules two barres golde a chief indented
siluer ;" and crest, " a demy-Lion argent,
a crowne about the neck golde."
The second is a confirmation to Sir
Rnlph Hare of Stow Bardolph, Knight of
the Bath, son and heir of Richard Hare of
London, and grandson of John Hare of the
same city, of the ancient arms of the Hares,
viz., "gueles two barres and a cheife in-
dented or ;" the previous grant by Cooke
being pronounced incorrect. 'Ibis docu-
ment is dated February 12, 1613, and
near the fold is the signature of William
Camden.
The Honorary Secretary exhibited a
grant of arms, by William Hervy, Norroy,
(lated 15 Nov. 1556,) to "John Crocker
of Hoekmorton," in tbe county of Oxlbrd.
The arms are thus described : — " Argent
a clieu'on engraled gulz, betwene iij crowes
sable, on the cheu'on iij molettes p'sed
golde." The crest, " A crowe sable w*
u crowne siluer abowt the neke holdyng
a wliete eare in his beke golde."
Two miniatures of members of the Cro-
ker family were also exhibited by Mr.
Cox ; these miniatures are mounted in
gold and surmounted by the family arms.
Oct. 16. William Hbnby Habt, Esq.,
F.S.A., in the chair.
Mr. Henry S. Richardson communicated
a paper cm Monuniental Brasses and stated
that he pro})08ed to confine his remarks to
the various methods employe*! for obtain-
ing impressicms or "rubbings" of brasses,
and referred, in the first place, to the
mode employed by the late Craven Ord,
p]sq., the bulk of whose collections are
now in the British Museum. Of this gen-
tleman's work a specimen was exhibited
[the property of Joseph J. Howard, Esq.,
F.S.A.], taken by means of pressure, after
the surface of the brass had been covei^
by a iiiixture of lauip-bl ick and oil. Other
specimens, also exhibited by Mr. Howard,
were taken by having a mixture of ap-
parently printing-ink rubbed in the iucibcd
lines. The appearance of the figures being
entirely reversed was a grave objection to
this mode, especially as regarded the quar-
terings of heraldic shields. He then re«
ferred to and exhibited specimens of " oil
rubbiii>(s" taken on tissue paper, which,
being laid on the brass, was passed over
with a wash-leather pad cbarged with lin-
seed oil and black lead, 'lliis operation had
the merit of celerity, but soiled the hands
considerably. The remaining methods
were those generally adopted by collectors
— namely, with "heel-ball" and the me-
tallic "rubber." Mr. Richardson then
alluded to the differences between the
two last-mentic ned articles — the heel-ball
giving the engraved lines white instead of
black, while the metallic rubber, with the
prepared paper, gave a perfect facsimile of
the brass. As specimens, he referred to
some rubbings by himself of the brass of
Canon Langton, from Exe:er Cathedral,
the arms on the shield above the figure,
"Or, a chevron gules within a bordure
azure, charged with eight mitres of the
field," being illuminated; of the New-
digate brass, from Merstham Church,
Surrey; and of the very splendid brass
of Sir Richard Bagot and wife, from Ba-
ginton Church, Warwickshire, the colours
of the arms on the surcoat being heraldi-
cally rendered, as well as the colours in-
laid in the belt, collar of SS, &c.
Mr. Robert Cole, F.S.A., describetl the
following autographs h hich he exhibited :
— A document signed by Henry VIII., in
the first year of his reign ; another with
tbe signature of Francis I. of France ; a
document relating to the levying of troojw,
soon after the Spanish Armada, for the
county of Surrey, to which was prefixed
the signature of Queen Elizabeth ; a letter
of Charles I. ; another of Oliver Cnimwell,
written when be was only Captain Crom-
well, and dated lf>42, (no other autograph
of Oliver Cro uwell at this period is known
to exist) ; a Treasury warrant, signed by
the celebrated Nell Gwvnne, with her
ini ials, E. G. (Nell's autograph is of ex-
treme rarity); a letter of Queen Anne,
oountersignc<l by Bishop Burnet, and a
letter of James II., with the signature of
" Pepys." He also exliibited a " Loudon
626
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec.
Directory' for the year 1755, consisting of
but a few pages, comparing it with the
bulky volume of the present year ; and a
rare broadside relating to the South Sea
Bubble.
Mr. Wills exhibited his very curious
and extensive collection of ancient keys,
and also communicated notes on the prin-
cipal keys exliibited. Particular attention
was called to several Roman elaves of
great rarity. First, an iron key, of which
tiie ex' reniity of the stem is rccurx ed, the
web projecting laterally from its end, and
having four long denies pointing towards
the annular bow. It is somewhat difficult
to comprehend how this key could be em-
ployed, but it is thought that it was for
raising, or rather forcing back moveable
prgs, as in the wooden locks of Egypt.
This key was found at Colchester, in 1843.
Another key of bronze, discovered many
feet below the surface of the earth, near
St. Swithin's Church, Cannon street, in
1853; other keys of the Kouiau period,
found at Colchester, at Charing Gross
(whilst repairing the statue of Charles I.),
at Kochester Castlo, and beneath Gerard's
Hall crypt, in DistafT-lune, were also spe-
cially alluded to. An iron key of very
rude fabric, the piped stem of which has
only a fragment of the web remaining,
and the bow being an elongation of the
stem bent round in a hirge circle, the end
being brought close to the stem, but un-
attached to it, was exhibited by Mr. Wills.
This key was dug up in the crypt beneath
St. Paurs Cathedral, when preparing for
the interment of tlio Duke of Wellington,
in 1852, and is probably one of the keys of
the old cathedral, and may be as eaily ai
the Norman era.
Mr. Charles J. Shoppee exhilnted a col-
lection of keys compriung speciineiia of
Elizabeth and James I.'s reigns, and one
supposed to be of William IIL'a reign,
elaborately engraved ¥rith a cipher in the
bow, and originally gilt; variooa apeci-
mens of smiths' work ; and a taUe duck,
with a silver horiiontal ^1, the maker's
name, '* William Prins^ Rotterdam," en-
graved on the works.
Electrotypes of the great arals of the
following German emperors h ere also ei-
hibited by Mr. Shoppee, namely, Sigis-
mnnd, Albert XL, and Ferdinand I.
Joseph J. Howard, Esq., F.S.A., ex-
hibited and described, in a letter to the
Secretary, a pedigne on vellam of the
Markham family, with 155 emUasMied
shit Ids of arms of the family alliances.
At the bottom of the pedigpree Is the
shield of arms of Sir Griffin Markham,
with twenty-fbnr qoarterings. The shield
is surmounted by three helmeta and cresti^
and a similar number are repreeented on
each side of the shield. The pidigree is
attested by William Camden, but is un-
dated.
Mr. John W. Brown exhibited a Boman
vase, found near the Temple Chnrdi, and
a portion of Kouian pavement fbimd in
Upper Thamcs-stn et. Several original
impressions of seals, and also eahls of
ecclesiHstic and corporate seals^ were also
exhibited by Mr. HroHU.
ARCHITECTUIIAL ASSOCIATION.
Oct. 26. The opening meeting and <•(>»•
vcrsazione for the session 1860-61 took
place ut the Architectural Galleries, Con-
(luit-Ktreet, liegent-street, the I'riiiideiit
of the Association, T. Uooeb Smitu, Esq.,
in the chair.
Th«; report of the sub-committee on
Prizes was read, and the prizu for sketches
in the Class of Design was awarded to
]^Ir. W. T. Sams. The prize for an Essay on
•Street Architecture was not udjudgoil, hut
one essay having been sent in.
M'Uir the uoiuiuution of several geiitle-
men to be iMlluted for ns menibera at the
next meeting, the Prerident dvUvercd a
long and able address, Irom which we cite
the following passHges : —
"We have not had any strikniglj at-
tractive competition, nor any bui dings
thnt have risen wry rtnspicuonsljk abote
the average standard or vxcellcnce— a
standard which, let ns remenibvr it with*
satisfaction, is far higher at the present
day than it has been fur many giiterations.
I cannot, however, hep drawiug ytmr at-
tention t«> one new ImiLding, on aoounnt
of its exhibiting many of the
I860.]
Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society.
627
of what we must admit to be a distinctive
style that is really growing up amid all
our disputes as to whether we are to have
any st}le of our own or no. I allude to
the new schools in Endell-street. In this
building we have combined many of the
characteristics which we could d priori ex-
pect to find in the architecture of a people
who are peculiarly rich in means of informa-
tion anci travel, and among whom the arts
of peace have been long and successfully cul-
tivated, building in a city where no stone
quarries are near at hand and where the
climate is bai for all perishable materials.
Wg luve brick, the proper London mate-
rial, formi' g the material and giving the
motive of almost all the ornamentation.
We have a general prevalence of conti-
nentrtl foi ms brought together from various
districts familiar to English travellers;
these forms being not, however, slavishly
copied, but artistically adopted as types.
Vi'c have a Gothic spirit pervading the
whole building, a great deal of novelty
and desik^n, and a great deal of work re-
quiring good workmanship and adapted to
modern materials. This building is the
more remarkable because in the stained
glass-works in its immediate neighbour-
hood is another example, less elaborate but
not less characteristic of the modern build;
while a short distance off stands a third
example — I refer to the Northern School
of St. Mtrtin-in-the- Fields, in Castle-street,
Endell-street — that has the merit of being
one ot the earliest, and of still remaining
one of the best, attempts to introduce or-
namental brickwork, with forms and de-
tails a good deal drawn from continental
sources, into London street architecture.
" Pointing in the same direction, is the
character of that gorgeously -decorated
church not long completed, in Margaret-
street. The architect has not here had to
contend with a disadvantage which, more
than any other, impedes the progress of
our art at the present day — naniely, the
preference of the public for an expenditure
of the most parsimonious order, coupled
with a desire for ornament in which ef-
fectiveness and profusion are more desired
than congmity or good taste. In Marga-
ret-street the outlay has been such as to
secure the best resources available, and
the result must be acknowledged to be
most striking, and at the siime time to
partake of those characteristics I have al-
ready named— that is to fay, brick ex-
terior, general continental character, trace-
able t«) the influence of German, Italian,
and French (>xamples, as well as English,
a very unfettered and successful, though at
times extreme, searcli after novelty, and
the command of very various materials
and methods of building and of very good
workmanship.**
»
Mr. G. G. Scott expressed his general
concurrence in the views of the Chairman,
and l^-ofessor Donaldson remarked that
the Chairman's very well-wntten discourse
embraced many subjects of the greatest
interest to the profession. The part which
related to street architecture was one of
great importance. In his address the
Chairman referred to some foreign improve-
ments, but he (Profe(>8or Donaldson) hoped
that our own English feeling would be
carried oat with 8iicce«. We should not
be too much indebted to foreigners for our
progress ; the English mind ought to have
design, imagery, and conception, and was
eminently fitted to do gpreat things.
EXETER DIOCESAN ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.
Sept. 27. The quarterly meeting was
held at the College HaU. The Right Hon.
Sir J. T. Coleridge presided; and the
attendance was unusually good.
The report, which was read by Lieut.-
('ol. Harding, detailed the prc^ess mak-
ing in various parts of the diocese in the
restoration and enlargement of churches,
and the erection of new edifices, and par-
ticularized the chapel of All Saints, which
is situated in the extensive hamlet of
Spark well, in the parish of Plympton St.
Mary. It consists of chancel, nave, and
south transept, and is in length seventy
feet, with a breadth of thirty-seven. The
style is geometrical, or early Decorated.
The interior fittings are of fir, with open
and iDOveable benches, calculated to ac-
commodate 240 persons, of which only
twenty-five are appropriated. The floor-
ing of the chancel, passage of the nave,
transept, and south porch, are laid with
Staffordshire tiles. In the transept are
two memorial windows ; one represt^nting
St. John, with an inscription commemo-
rative of Wm. Braddon, Esq., of Blade-
land, whose death, in 1858, was occasioned
by a savage attack made on liim by a
Antiguarian and Literary InteUigeneer,
[Dec.
fonnpr wrrant. llio other repre»eiit«
the Ulmuil Virgin, htiU furma a nicmoriiil
to a tnnnlo of the Trcby f;imily of GooHa-
muor, wlio ilied on tho fcstiTuI of AU
Suiiita in 1858.
In ninrij' parM of the diocese there are
tlcsecrnted chnpeli rcninining, niul man;
of ttiiiin IKMS- SHiiigmuch ititureat, oF wliii'h
llic ruji Tt LntriHlnred two. Tlie first i>
a CdHi.uh lilllu cliHiiel at llBum, in tlio
parish of St. Mary Clinrcli, near Torquay.
Thill buililing utAiitl* in an iaulBttHl posi-
tinn, ia twenty-five or thirty fwt liigh,
ami about twenty uiuare. Its poai'ioa
is north iinil south, and over tho KOuth
gBhlB ia an arch, tlie former rcccpacle
of a bell. In the north end are sii win-
down, tlie upper one firming a single
light with trefoil head and hood-raipuld-
inp", liBvinif on cacli side a giuall cirouhit-
hciideil wliidovr or apvrtnre. ])olo>v this
ii a twii-lijfht wini'ow rimilar in chamcior
to the one above,— and on the wirt aide
Oi it aiiutlier of tho cireulnr-hundtxl aper-
laret above mentioned. Knular openings
■pp ar in the Other lidei of the building,
mailing altogethn aeren. lliere i> no
appearance of thew windows ever having
beenglazedi indeed, thereia scarcely roam
to admit oF it. They ^ve li^ht to the in-
terior of the buililing in in oblique dim-
tion, and are deeply splayed. The loniT
openings, and one other siu^le'li^Lt win-
dow with trefoil-hcad, givea light to a small
chamber under the d'OpvL The paciiu
occnpi's the north-eut comer of tbr
huilding. The roof has no eodeaiasticiil
features. The building appeBrs to be
almut the age of Edward IT., or probably
OB late as Henry the Vllth'a reigiL At
tlio whole of llsam manor wu formeitr
attached to Torr Abbey, it hsi been iisi-
joctured that thii building wa* a place af
retirtiui'Ut for rofiwrtory priests, bnt avn
probably fur a rtcltuorium. Of the ob-
ject or iiso of tho iinall windows sboie
mentioned, no conjvclura aven could be
The other chapel is that of St. Michael, llie building is 291 ft. in length If
in tho parish of Torr. It nliindu on a high 14 ft. Sin. Iti poaiUoD is twt uni
rock, wliich is visible from Torlmy, and went, and there are Tostigea of a porch ■>
Ixtira tlif appi'llatiou of the Cliaiiel-rock. the south ude. Tba roof Ibms % Oatfcir
I860.]
Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society,
629
arch of solid stone laid edgewise, the outer
covering of which is composed of thick
horizontal slabs of slate, forming altogether
a compact mass of masonry of great secu-
ir
I-
^j^r
Oround-p:an of St Michael's Chapel, at Torr.
rity and strength. In the south wall is
a niche, which doubtless in former days
held a piscina. Tlie present floor is com-
posed of the natural rock, but little vary-
ing from its original uneven state, making
the chapel higher in some places than in
others. The interior presents four different
styles of arch — the equilateral, segmental,
obtuse, and elliptical. The first forms
a small single-light window, at the west
end, of Early English character, and pro-
bably, except the walls and the roof, the
only part of the original building; — the
others are doubtless the result of more
ri'cent repairs. The origin of this chapel,
like that at Ilsam, is involved in doubt.
It is called, and most probably correctly
so, a votive chapel. Its position is very
similar to the neighbouring church of
IJrcnt Tor, also dedicated to St. Michael,
who is the tutelary saint of many votive
chapels. Others have considered this
('hai)el, as it was attached to Torr Abbey,
to l>e a religious edifice where pilgrims were
wont to repair ; and by voluntary exile,
and the performance of expiatory penance,
make atonement for past pleasures or sin-
ful lives.
After the reading of the report, some
new members were elected, after which
the Rev. W. J. Coppard read an interest-
ing paper on a tomb, formerly in Bick-
k'igh Church, South Devon, erected in
memory of one of the Slanning family.
'Ilie original residence of this ancient
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
name, in the county of Devon, was at
Ley, in the parish of Plympton St. Mary.
Nicholas Slanning, Esq., son of Nicholas,
of Ley, at the dissolution of monasteries
purchased a considerable property which
belonged to the Abbey of Bnckland Mo-
nachorum, afterwards the residence of Sir
Francis Drake. Nicholas Slanning mar-
ried Margery, daughter of Thomas Cham-
pemoun, Esq^., of Modbury, by whom he
had Gamaliel, of Heale, whose wife was
Margaret Musters, a first cousin, and had
issue, Nicholas, and Elizabeth, married to
John, second son of Sir John Seymour,
Knt., of Berry Pomeroy.
Sir Nicholas was knighted by King
Charles I., in 1631. He married a daugh-
ter of Sir James Bagg, Knt., of Little
Saltram, near Plympton. This Sir Ni-
cholas is well known for his bravery in
supporting the cause of Charles I. He
was Governor of Pendennis Castle, in
Cornwall, and ended a gallant career at
the siege of Bristol. He was one of those
noble gentlemen, all Devon and Cornish
men, called the four wheels of Charles's
wain.
" They were all slain at or near the same
place,*' says Prince % '* at the same time,
and in the same cause: according to an
ode made on that occasioa as follows : —
* Th' four wheels of Charles** wain,
Grenvile,Oodolphin,TrevanioD, Slanning, slain.' "
What became of Nicholas's remains is
not known, but it is supposed they found
some decent repository in or about the
city of BristoL He left issue Sir Nicho-
las Slanning, who was created a baronet
in 1662, and was probably the first who
resided at Maristow. He had issue Sir
Andrew Slanning, Bart., of Mlaristow, on
whose death the title became extinct.
Nicholas and his wife were represented
on the monument by their figures in
effigy, and the armorial bearings of Slan-
■ Prince is wrong in this statement. They did
not all fall at the same time, or in the same place.
All four, however, were killed in the year 1643.
Slanning and Treranion were slain at the siege
of Bristol ; Sur Bevll GrenvUe fell at the battle
of Lansdowne near Bath, where an obelisk haa
been erected to his memory ; and Sir Sidney Go-
dolphin was shot in the porch of the Globe Inn
at Chagford.
4f
630
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec.
ning and Champcmoun were placed at the
top of the tomh.
'* Heretofore," says Prince, " were seve-
ral verses inscribed thereon, both Latin
and English; now, by the negligence or
incuriousness of some, who should no more
sniffer their ancestors' monuments to decay
than tlicir own houses, for the most part
obliterated, only under the arch is fixed in
the wall a fair marble table with these
English verses: —
* As time 'with swiftest wing doth haste and moke
no stay,
So th' lite of man is short, and hastcth soon away.'
" Tliis gentleman came to an untimely
end, being slain in a quarrel that happened
between him and Sir John Fitz, near
Tavistock in this county. 'I'he matter, it
seoms, was likely to have been composed,
but the villain Fitz's man twitting his
master with a * What ! play child's play !
come to fight, and now put up your sword ?*
made him draw again, and Slanning's foot
in stepping back (having his spurs on)
hitching in the ground, was there unfor-
tunately and foully killed : whereupon Sir
John Fitz, by the interest of his friends,
sued out his pardon soon after this hap-
pened, which was in 1599. But although
Queen Elizabeth was jileased to forgive
him, Slanning's widow was not, but
brought an appeal, and obtained a verdict
against Sir John for damages.
" Aft«T this, as if one sin bccamr», as it
often does, the punishuient of another.
Sir John was so unhappy to be guilty of a
second murder ; and thereupon fiying from
his country, though not trom his own guilty
conscience, so far as Salisbury, in liis way
to London, to sue out a second pardon,
hearing someboily al)out his chamber-door
early in the morning, and fearing it had
been officers come to apprehend him, by
mistake, in the dark, he slew one of the
house who came to wake him as he desired,
in order to his journey. When the lights
came, that made him sensible of the horrid
and atroi'ious fa(;t which he had afresh
committed, overwhelmed with sorrow and
despair he fell upon his sword and slew
himself. Unto which a tetrastich, for-
merly found upon this monument, now
nearly expunged by the finger of time,
doth plainly relate, in which Mr. Slan-
niiig, by an apostrophe, speaketh thus of
Fitz:—
* Idem Cirdi^ prat nostrnp, fllmul Author ct Ulter :
Trux Hoiiiicidn} mei, niox Iloinicidu sui.
Quemque in me priiuum, niox in sc condidit
euHem :
() nostrum summi Judicis nrbitrium.*"
These lines were originally at the back
of the tomb over three juTenile fignrei
in a kneeling posture, two male and one
female.
A brass plate with some lines in Old
English characters was discovered iu the
Slanning vault during the restoration of
the clmrch in 1828 : they have now been
introduced at the bottom of the muni
monument newly arranged when the tomb
was removed : —
** Man's Ijfe on erth is as Job sayth a warfare sad
a toyle,
Where nought is wonne when all Ib dcmne but an
uncertain spoylc.
or things most vayne, and for long pajme, nothisf
to man is leftc
Bare vertue sure, which doth endure, and eaanot
be bercftc.
A prouffe of this apparant Ib by Xicholas SIu-
nyng here.
Who as we sawe, apt for Ck)d'a lawe. rygfat fa-
mouse did appeere.
In Just and right was his dclyght to ezerase tbe
laws,
To wrong no wight, but as he myght, to helpe thr
frindle«8e caosc.
The fere of God and of his rod was styll before hif
eies,
Constant in favth, and no wise the truth ihooU
he disgics.'*
"Nicholas Slannyng esqnicr lyvd 59
yeres, and endid the viii*^ day of Aprill
in th' yere of our Lordo Gk>d ISSS.**
The above is doubtless a memorial hi
memory of Nicholas Slanning, Esq., who
married a dtiughter of Crewys, of Crevys
Morchard, the father of Nicholas before
mentioned.
This monument is in the bcrt style of
the Elizabethan age, and its removal is to
be rcgretteiL At the south end of tbe
pediment was a skeleton with a dagger in
the act of striking his victim, while s
figure in the dress of that age itands by
his side to receive the blow. BonDd tbe
waist of the skeleton was a hand having
the following lines inscribed thereon :—
** As stoat as thou art,
I will strike thy heart"
Over the heads of these figures were the
words " Fear God."
For the preservation of these few psr*
ticulars we are indebted to the Rev. author
of this paper, who, hearing that the tomb
in question was ahont to he destroyed,
went over to Bickleigh, and made a well-
execnted and faithful drawing of every
part of the tomb, together with the anno-
rial bearings, which he exhibited at the
moetang.
I860.]
631
LEICESTEllSHIEE ARCHITECTUEAL AND AllCH^OLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
Oct. 29. At the meeting at the Town-
hall, Leicester, the Rev. J. H. Hill in
the chair. Sir William de Capel Brooke,
Bart., was elected a member of the So-
ciety.
The Chairman exhibited an old book of
Italian coats of arms, purchased by him
at the sale at Nevill Holt in 1848. Henry
Nevill of Nevill Holt, who died in 1723,
lefttlirce surviving daughters co-heiresses;
Mary, the eldest, became the wife of Cos-
mas Migliorucci, a native of Italy and
a Polish Count, from whom the present
family is descended.
Mr. Nevinson exhibited some counters
and triidesmen's tokens ; one in the shape
of a heart, having on the obverse, 1668,
Peter Barriffe op Vppingham in
llvTLAND HIS Halfpent, and on the re-
verse three pope's crowns : another, ohv,
AN OvNDLE Halppknt, 1669, rev, fob
THE V8E OF THE PooK, and in the field of
both sides a talbot.
Mr. North remarked that the token ex-
hibited at a former meeting, respecting
the inscription on which there was some
doubt, was one issued at Ashby-de-la-
Zonch by Samuel Sowden. Had the in-
scriptions been perfect they would have
read thus; ohv. Samvell Sowden in
(St. George and the dragon), rev, Ashby
DE LA ZOVCH, 1667, HIS HALPEPENNY.
This token is included in the list already
published by the Society. Mr. North ex-
hibited a token issued at Easton Magna,
Ijcicestershire, which has not been men-
tioned in any published list; the inscrip-
tions are as follows : ohv, Edwaed Moabs
(three cloves), rev. in great Eason, (E.M.
in monogram). Also a bronze coin of Ves-
pasian, second brass, struck in commemo-
ration of the subjection of Judtca in the
fnst century. It was found several years
ago in the Friars, Leicester. The obverse
has a laurcated head of the Emperor
turned to the left, with this inscription,
iMi(erator) CAEs(ar) VESrAsrAN(us) Av-
o(tistus) Co(n)S(ul); on the reverse is
a palui-tree with captives at its base, and
the inscription Ivdea Capta; below the
palm, S(enatas) C(onsulto), *by decree of
the Senate.'
Mr. Gresley exhibited a Staffordshire
Clog Almanack, and read the following
remarks ; —
((I
This specimen of an article of house-
hold furniture, used by our predecessors,
I have the pleasure of exhibiting through
the kindness of its owmr, Mr. G. T. Lo-
max, of Lichfield. It is the Clog Almanack
mentioned in Shaw's ' History of Stafford-
shire,' vol. i. p. 332, as then (1798) in the
museum of Mr. Green of Lichfield, at
the dispersion of whose collection it passed
into the hands of Dr. Wright of that city,
from whom Mr. Lomax obtained it. The
present is an unpublished specimen ; an-
other may be seen engraved in Plot's
< Staffordshire,' tab. xxv., which has been .
copied in Fosbrooke's ' Encyclopaedia, '
Hone's 'Every day Book,' Brady's 'Ana-
lysis,' and ' Old England ;' another is en-
graved in Gough's edition of Camden's
Britannia, and woodcuts of two more
now at Oxford are in 'The Calendar of
the Anglican Church Illustrated.' Plot
thought them to be of Danish origin, but
the specimens remaining are probably not
older than the reign of Elizabeth. They
were, when Plot published his ' Stafford-
shire,' (1686,) still in use in that county
' among the menner sort of people.' He
says they had then been scarce heard of
in the south of England, and understood
but by few of the gentry in the north.
Stafibrdshire seems to have been their
chief locality. I have, however, reason to
think that one remained hanging at the
mantel-piece of a farm-house at Barrow-
upon • Soar, Leicestershire, about sixty
years ago, as I am informed by an aged
person now residing in Over Seile, who
when young was at service there in the
family of Mr. Bostock. And I myself can
testify to a still more recent use of such
calendars in this county ; for when I was
a boy at Appleby school, thirty years ago,
one of the first things we did upon going
back after the hohdays, was to cut upon
a strip of wood a notch for every day,
week, and month of the half-year, with
some extra peculiarity of mark for the
holidays, all of which were carefully cut
off as the half-year gradually passed away.
And what was this but a veritable Clog
Almanack ?"
632
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer.
[Dec
After quoting the well-known passage
from Dr. Plot's "History of Staffordshire,"
pp. 418—430, he coutinue<l : —
" The specimen now exhibited is of oak ;
the entire length of the wood is 2 ft. 1 in.,
three inches of which serve for a handle,
the edges being there bevelled so as to
make it octangular j a ring for suspension
passes through it near the top. The lunar
murks correspond with those in Plot's
engraving, but it is to be remarked th»t
the notch for April Ist is at the fi^ot of
the edge for the first three months in the
year, instead of l)eiiig at the top of the
eilge for the second three, at the bottom
of which second edge in like manner is
placed July 1st, thus arranging ninety-
one days u[)on the first throe edges, and
ninety -two upon the fourth. Instead of
a 'patulous stroke' turned up for the first
day of each month, it has a cross patoe
oviT against the first notch. The maker
of it has been sparing of emblems. There
are many straight lines cut from the
notches on particular days instead of em-
blems; e.g. St. Agnes, Jan. 21 ; St. Patrick,
March 16; SS. Philip and James, May 1;
St. Barnabas, June 11 ; SS. Swithin, Mar-
garet, Mary Mngdalene, Anne, July 15,
20, 22, 26; decollation «f St. John Bap-
tist, August 21) ; translation of King Ed-
ward tbe Conft-SPOT, October 13 ; O Sapi'
entiOf December 16 ; and the festivals of
the B.V.M., which are without tlio heart
mentioned by Plot. Other ▼ariations may
be noticed : instead of an axe for St. Pkul,
January 25, we have here a aword, and
rice ver»A for St. John, June 24 ; instead
of the leg for St. Mathias, Feb. 21, a thing
like a knife with spikes fh>m it ; a single
key for St Peter, June 29 ; Holy Cron
day and St. Matthew, September 14 and
21, St. Luke, October 18, St. Martin, No-
veml er 11, St. Nicholas, December 6, and
Christmas-day, also differ. The points in
the marks of the greater festivals ai« also
omitted in this almanack.
" I am not aware of any of theae clog
almanacks having been sold by anction,
but as mnch as fifteen guineas has been
offered for the present specimen.'
»»
Mr. Gresley also exhibited the Ryde-
ware Cartulary, a MS. c-)m]>ilcd 2 Edw. II.,
by Thomas de Rydeware (llamstnl), kml
of the manor of Seile, Leicestershire. It
contains transcripts of charters relating to
that and his other lordships, and lias seve-
ral curious drawings illustrative of the
dress, regal, military, and ecclesiastical, of
the period. It has probably been in the
possession of tbe lords of this manor ever
since it was first compiled. Nichols fre-
quently quotes it, and has given an ab-
stract of its contents in his *' West Gosoote
Hundred," pp. 999—1007.
SOCIETY OF ANTiaUARIES, KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYXE.
Noc. 7. The monthly meeting was held Dr. Bruce read the following notice of
in the Castle, John Hodgson IIinde, the Lanx by Mr. Way ; —
Knq., in the chair. „ y^^ ^.,1 ^^^y.^^^ ^ring before the
Sir Walter Buchanan Riddell, Hart , of Society, at their meeting in the Castle on
Hepple, !Northumbcrlan(l, and WoolKcy- Wednesday, the very valuable prescut to
house.Staffordshire, and Sir Walter Charles
James, Bart., Betteshanger, Kent, were
elected meml>ers, and Signoro Giovanni
Montoroli, of Rome, an honorary member.
Numerous donations of books were an-
nounced, after which the Duke of North-
umberland, through Mr. Clayton and Dr.
Bruce, iiresented one of three silvered
eU'ctn>typc' copies of the Corbridgc Lanx,
with a 8e))arate cast of some markings
on the reverse, supposed to indicate the
weight. There is no accurate engraving
(if the work, and the Society previously
had only a iKH)r cast in plaster, which
failed to give any idea of the minute
details.
their museum which has been so liberally
destined by their noble patron, the Doke
of Northumberland, as an addition to tbe
c llertions there preserved illustrative of
the hintory of Roman occupationa in North-
umberland. I allude to the facnmile of
the remarkable piece of silver plate known
as the Corbridge Lanx, which throogb bis
Grace's generous permission baa been lire-
pared by one of the most skilAil opi-rat<in
in the electro* ypic art; and the perfi.i't
facsimile which he has prodorad, having
been silvered by the process io advan-
tageously employed for such parposeSk i**
produces in the minutest manner tbe
curious details of this unique ami higlily-
cnriouM objects
*' A few notices in regard to tbe Iduix,
its duMXivery, and the variuus c<A\iccinRS
I860.] Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
633
which have been suggested in the attempt
to explain the mythological scene which it
represents, may, I hope, be interestiutf to
the Society on the occasion. I must, how-
ever, observe that I have no new or satis-
factory interpretation to offer, although I
have bestowed some pains upon the en-
deavour to gain some light upon the sub-
ject of mythology which is represented
upon the lanx, and have consulted with
several distinguished archaeologists, both
at home and on the Continent, in the pro-
secution of the inquiry.
" The lanx was found, as you are well
aware, in 1734, on the bank of the Tyne,
near Corbridge. The precise circumstances
of the discovery are thus stated in a record
preserved at Alnwick Castle, from which by
Ifts Grace's kind permission I am enabled
to give you the following extract : ' In the
month of February, 1734, a young girl
named Cutter, daughter of one Cutter
a blacksmith, in Corbridge, in the county
of Northumberland, was going along the
river Tyne to gather sticks, and fetch
water on the north side of the river, about
200 yards below the bridge, where some
small whins or furzes grew, (which spot
lies witiiin the Duke of Northumberland's
manor of Corbridge,) she discovered a cor-
ner of a piece of plate appearing white
above the earth, which she pulled up and
carried to her father, who a few days
afterwards cut off a ring from the back of
the plate, and carried it to a goldsmith
(Mr. Cook son) in Newcastle, and he pur-
chased this ring from Cutter for £1 16s.,
and on the Ist of March following Cutter
sold the remaining part of this ancient
piece of plate for £31 lOs.' The plate
and ring weighed 148 oz., so that the pur-
chase was made at the rate of 4fl. 6d. per
ounce.
** It were needless here to detail the par-
ticulars, so well known, regarding the
claim forthwith made by the lord of the
manor at that period, Charles, Duke of
Somerset, and the ultimate recovery of
this uni([ue relic of treasure trove, which
was delivered up to his Grace in 1735.
These facts have been stated more or less
in detail bv the writers who have treated
of Uoinan times in Northumberland, and
ospt'cially by the talented historian of that
county, Hodgson; more recently also by
our valued friend Mr. Fenwick, in his
very interesting treatise entitled 'Trea-
sure Trove in Northumberland.*
" In regard to the si>ecial use for which
this sumptuous relic was intended, I regret
thai no satisfactory or conclusive sugges-
tion can be offered. The wealthy Romans
had, as we believe, services of plate wrought
with mythological and other subjects, and
destined for use at their luxurious enter-
tainments. There appear to have existed
also vessels of silver used in their ceremo-
nial solemnities, and it seems highly pro-
bable that this splendid salver may have
been destined for some sacrificial use, and
for the purposes of pagan worship.
"It will not be forgotten that certain
remarkable altars have been found at Cor-
bridge, especially one now in the British
Museum bearing a dedication in Greek to
Hercules. Some antiquaries have been
disposed to conclude that the plate may
properly be designated a lanx, in which,
as we read in Virgil, the reeking entrails
of the victims were offered to the gods ;
whilst according to other authorities, it
may have been one of the dishes used in
solemn feasts in social life among the
Romans; these dishes of silver were of
enormous size, since we learn from Horace
that one of them was of sufficient capacity
to hold a wild boar, and Pliny mentions
such dishes weighing from 100 to 500
pounds. It may deserve mention that on
previous occasions two pieces of Roman
plate of smaller dimension had been foand
near that spot, one being a small bason
ornamented with foliage, and the Christian
monogram, composed of the initials Chi
and Mho ; the other was a little two-
handled cup, which was sold for a guinea
to a brother of Mr. Howard, at that time
living at Corby Castle. The weight of the
former, of which a rude sketch only has
been preserved, was twenty ounces.
" But to proceed to the subject repre^
sented in low relief apon the lanx, the
works being in part hammered up and
finished with the tool, the intervening
spaces occasionally engraved with small
strokes of the burin, or stippled ornaments,
{opus punciatum). The scene is composed
of figures. 1. Diana, with an altar before
her ; under her feet is an urn from which
water flows, as if typifying the source of a
river, and under the altar is a hound, look-
ing upwards at the goddess. 2. Minerva,
wearing a helmet, the Gorgon's head upon
her breast ) she stands under a spreading
tree, in the branches of which is an eagle,
with other birds. 3. Juno, und(r whoso
feet is a dead stag, but this may possibly
be referable to Diana, goddess of the chase.
4. a seated goddess, her head is veiled;
this has been conjectured to be Vesta, on
account of the altar flaming, seen under
the figure, which may, however, pourtray
Latona. 5. Apoll«» standing under a ca-
nopy, or open ttinple, with Corinthian co-
lumns; under his feet is his usual attri-
bute, the Gryphon. I^>tween Apollo and
634
Antiquarian and Literary Intelligencer,
[Dec.
the seated goddess there is a peculiar
pc'dest il, or altar, formed of eight steps,
pyramidally arranged, and behind this is
a spiral colmnn surrounded by a globe, re-
minding the numismutist of the pillar seen
on coins with the reverse of SecurUas, as
Mr. Akerman has pointed out, observing
also that this symbol may possibly suggest
the interpretation of the subject which
may be referable to the security of the
province of Britain, in some period of
peace, an explanation to which he thinks
some colour of probability is given by the
« ircnmstance that the figure of Security is
seated, whilst the deities around her are
standing.
" It would doubtless greatly enhance
the interest of this remarkable relic of
Koiiian times in Britain, if we could satis-
factorily establish its connection with any
events in our own country ; this b, how-
ever, scarcely to be exi)ected. According
to another suggestion, the subject repre-
sented maiy refer to a very different mat-
ter, and present a symbol! ad allusion to
the period of the year when the sun passes
the autumnal equinox. A learned arcliie-
ologist in France, whom I have lately had
occasion to consult on this subject, is dis-
posed to c^uHider the scene as allusive to
Latona, with her two children, after the
evil influences of the serpent Typhon were
defeated, and that she here appears accom-
panied by Minerva and Juno, assisting at
the triumph over the perils by which slie
had been threatened. Another, and I
think not improbable explanation, has
suggested in this remarkable mytbological
group the apotheosis of a Roman empress
typified under the figure of one of the
chief heathen goddesses.
** I regret that this brief aooonnt of so
remarkable a relic of antiquity is so inade-
quate to the interest of the subject. Ibe
Society will not fail to appreciate the
generous consideration of their noble pa-
tron in depositing in th^ collection
a faithful representation of so vuhwble
a monument of Roman times in North-
umberland."
Dr. Bruce, by permission of Mr. Young,
silversmith, then exhibited eight silver
pennies, part of a large find lately occur-
ring in a stone on property at the liutcber*
bank, Newcastle, llioy are of Kdward I.
and Edward II. Among those of the for-
mer is one struck at Waitsfurd ; the rest
of the eight are struck at London, Canter*
bury, and Bristol.
Dr. Bruce also stated that, bearing that
at the Htti Palace, Florence, tliere was a
standard of the famous 20th legion of Uo-
man soldiers^ so much connected with
Britain, he had taken means to procure s
drawing, and was horrified by a qoestioa
received from Florence whether the legion
in question was one of Napoleon I.'s ! The
palace being a large one, and the objects
of interest numerous, a more esact refe*
rcnce to the staiidiird was required*
SUFFOLK INSTITUTE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND NATURAL
HISTORY.
Oct, 24. The autumnal meeting was at
Woodbridge, under the presidency of the
Kev. Loud Aktuub IIeuvey, the Presi-
dent of the Society.
The proceedings of the day commenced
at the Lecture-hall, where a lurge collec-
tion of antiquities was brought together ;
the principal exhibitors being W. Colches-
ter, Esq., F.O.S., W. Whincopp, Erc[.,
W. Spalding, Esq., Mr. Loder, Mr. Baker,
and many others. It comprised a most
interesting assortment of antiquities, a-
niong which may be particularly noticed
:i Ijir^jo number of old county engravings
and maps, iSlS. diH.'ds, trays of ke^^s, Saxuu
and Roman jewellery, implements of war-
iare, ic. There were also two large sheets
of engravings of celts and stone hatchcti^
found in the post-pliocene beds near Amiens
and Abbeville, in France, as well aa in oar
own country, and a long and beantifiilly-
written parchment, scroll sent by the Rer.
Mr. Maude, of Hasketon. The roll is ro-
luminous, and begins with the Noachic
flood. It describes Shem, Japhet, and
Ham, as the first roots descending from
the flood. It then proceeds by a kmg
descent through ifincss, Anchtscs, ^., tiU
it arrives at Brutus, who, it is said, bro*jgbt
the Britons to this island, and m> it works
on to Hengist, parenthoticnily deriving
that individnid's desei'ut from Witdeii. The
roll was written in 1 100, and drawn np to
prove that Kdward, Duke of Turk, de-
r
I860.] Suffolk Institute of ArcfuBology and Natural History, 635
scerded from Lionel, Duke of Clarence,
third son of Edward III., had a better
title to the throne of England than Henry
VI., who was descended from John, Duke
of Lanciister, fourth son of Edward III.
The table and chair set apart for the
President, very curious, of the seven-
teenth century, were contributed for the
occasion by F. Alexander, Esq. The back
of the chair was made to turn over the
seat and form a low octangular table.
The chair came from Aston-hall, Sudbury,
the st»at of the Jennen family ; and the
table, which was a rude form of telescope,
had formed part of the furniture of a
former meetinghouse of the Friends at
Woodbridgt!. There was also a very fine
(best, beautifully carved in front, with
the date 1539 upon it, sent by the same
gentleman.
The President having taken the chair,
glanced rapidly at the principal objects of
interest in the collection, and then pro-
posed the Earl of Gosford, Sir Charles
Hunbury, and Sir Wm. Parker, as Vice-
Presidents of the Society ; who were
elected. His Lordship then called upon
Mr. Colchester, who read a paper upon
the "Celts of the Post- Pliocene Period."
After the reading of the paper, the
ompany adjourned to St. Mary's Church,
AN'oodbridge, one of the finest in the
county, where a descriptive paper was
r(M(l by Mr. S. Tymms, of Lowestoft, the
Honorary Secretary, who shewed that,
although the structure had been attributed
to Lord Seagrave and Margaret his wife,
it could not have been built till near a
century after the deaths of either of these
illustrious personages. The proportions of
the church are truly noble. The tower is
one hundred and eight feet high, and is
visible over the whole extent of the Wil-
f(^rd Hundred, and for many miles at sea.
Tin- church is 65 ft. long by 47 wide, and
40 high. Mr. Tymms* very interesting
paper illustrated every object of in-
terest in and about the building, and
one could turn to the monuments and
brasses or peruse the figures on the porch
with far greater pleasure for its aid. Some
enquiry was very naturally made for the
tomb of Seckford, the great benefactor of
Woodbridge ; but a few fragments fasten-
ed to a wall, upon which the painter's
brush had been most liberally employed,
was all that was left of the masonry. A
few rusty iron helmets which looked like
the debris of a modem tinker's shop, were
exhibited as the armour which was placed
upon the tomb, and the site of the tomb
was obligingly pointed out by the local
members of the Society. It appears that
the chapel built by Seckford, temp. Eliza-
beth, and in which his tomb was situated,
was taken some years ago to form a porch,
and Seckford's tomb had to stand ande.
The next visit was to the Abbey, a fine
mansion near the church, the residence
of the Rev. P. Bingham. It occupies the
site of (or very nearly so) a priory of
Angustines which existed there a few
centuries ago. The only room examined
contained some carved beams, and a finely
executed chimney-piece of the time of
James I.
Quitting the Abbey, the company pro-
ceeded to Seckford-hall, now a farm-house,
pronounced by the noble President to bo
one of the finest specimens of Elizabethan
architecture he had ever seen. The great
attraction was the hall of the building,
which stands pretty much as the builders
left it three hundred years ago, and reaches
from the floor to the roof. Quite through
the upper story of the house there is a
gallery level with the upper rooms, and
on that gallery are several old portraits,
among them William III., Sarah Duchess
of Marlborough, and another said to be
Queen Mary. A manuscript book, illus-
trated by water-colour drawings, the work
of the Rev. E. J. Moor, Rector of Great
Bealings, and Rural Dean, containing notes
on the Deanery, chiefly taken from the
Davy papers in the British Museum, was
offered for the inspection of the party ;
and here Mr. Tymms read another paper
illustrating the history and genealogy of
the Seek fords, who were seated here about
three centuries, from the time of Ed-
ward II. to the Restoration, when the
family became extinct.
The visitors next proceeded to Great
Dealings Church and Rectory, and then
went on to Playford-hall, a large mansion.
636
Antiquarian and Literary Inteltigencer.
[Dec.
sniToninUMl by a moat, and remarkable
cbieHy as baving been tbe residence of
the Feltons, nnd later of tbc pbilanthropist
Clarkson. Here an admirable paper was
read by tbe no\»le I*rcsident on " Playford
and tbe Feltons." His Lordship then ex-
pres ed bimself greatly indebted to two
P'ntbMn(*n wbo bad assisted him in the
work — the Hev. K. J. Moor, and Thomas
Clarkson, Escj. " I have also,*' he said,
** received souje documents, including one
or two ori^ifinnl letters, from one wbo took
a d»'cp interi^st in all that related to this
parish, of which he was a distinguishetl or-
nament— I mean the late Arthur Biddell.
I bad some correspondence with him on
tbe subject of our meeting here, in which
he exhibited his wonted kindness of dis-
position nnd vigour of understanding ; and
I bad looked forward with nmcb pleasure
to seeing him on my visit hero to-duy;
but (i(kI has otherwise ordered it, and
another goo<l man sleeps in the chureb-
vanl of Plavford." 'flie noble lecturer
then jrave a descTiption of Playford from
Dooinsday U(K)k. and next passed very mi-
nut»ly through the genealogical ttibles of
dilVerent owners of the soil and lords of
the manor, or rather of the different
manors, for there were four manors in
Playford, till enrlv in tlie last century,
since which time it had gone as tbe manor
of Playford.
Pefcrring to tbe Felhriggs, his lord-
ship said that one of them. Sir (leorge
Felbrigjj^, built the parish church. Tli. re
is a fine engraved brass plate on Sir George's
tomb, representing his efligies in armour,
with a legend round the stone in old
French ; its date is about the latter part
of the fourteenth century. One of the
Felbrigffs, who died in 1100, was buriwl
in the north wall of the nave of the church,
in a chantry founded by him. llie slab
remains, and on it is his fi;;urc in complete
armour. I'pon opening the gnive, in 1784,
at a d(*pth of five feet were found a skull,
a jaw, and other bones.
The Fcltons became lords of Phiyford
in 1513. They appear to have been an
old Northumberland family, and one of
them was a Knight of tbe Gartir, tlie
Bixty-ciefhth from the foundation of the
8
order. His Garter plate (of which a copy
was exhibited) is still to be seen in St.
George's Chapel at Winds'ir. There wi-re
also Feltons at Sbotlcy, in this county. It
should be obfler\'ed, however, that the de-
scent of these two fomilies is not so clciir
as could be wished ; there is some disagree-
ment in the pedigrees ; but tliat Uiey are of
the same stock as the Sir Thomas Feltoii
just mentioned seems certain, from tbc
identity of arms, and name, and neighbour-
h(X)d . His Lordship then argued somewhat
coneluiively against a story which appeared
in print in the Gentleman's Magi-
ziNE in 1845, on the authority of Mr.
Davy, to the effect that Folton, the as-
sassin of the Duke of Buckingham, onre
resided at a house at Ashbocking: from
which story it has been inferred that \\e
was a discarded son of the Plavford familr.
Whatever support could be gained to thii
tale by his Ashbocking residence wa«, in
his Lordship's opinion, destroyed by the
fact that the Ashbocking property did not
belong at any time to the Feltons. His
Lordship then went on very graphicslty
and minutely with the history of the Ffl-
t(m family, down to the final extinction of
the name by the marriage of Miss Feltoo
with John Hervey, first Earl BristoL
*' Sach," said his Lordship, " are tbe vicif-
sitades of life, that, just at the time wb<n
the ancient name of Felton became thv
henddicdly enriched, the name itself be-
came eitinct. Tlie male line, onre n
widely spread, soon disappeared from
among us; and tbe ancient mansion,
dwindled to half its size, soon ceased to be
the residence of tbe lords of Playford."
The place, however, has had its cele-
brities in modem times, Tliomas Clarkson,
the great mover in the anti-slaTery caoM*,
the present Astronomer Royal, and Arthur
Biddell, a most intelligent friend to irriMe-
olog}', all being connected with it ; " and,"
concluded his Ixirdship, " it would, perhaps,
be impossible to find in any Tillage in
England of the size, a triumvirate of whom,
in different ways, their fellow parishionen
might l)e more justly proud tlian tbe three
I have just named — Clarkson, Airy, and
Biddell."
Tbe present hall was hnilt In tbe mid-
/«
I860.]
Sussex Archmological Society.
637
die of the sixteenth century. It has one
date on it — 1580, but it is evidently much
older. An old man named Hustleton, who
died in 1 840, remembered, when a boy, a
chapel being attached to the east of the
present dining-room, completing the north
side; at right angles to which chapel ran
the east side corresponding with the pre-
sent west side, so that the present moat
washed three sides of the hall in those
days. The hall, as it now is, is just
one-half of what it originally was. The
last occupiers of the Feltons were two
maiden ladies, who were succeeded by a
tenant who was a schoolmaster. The
house was then made a fiurm-house, and
occupied by a Mr. Cutting, after whom
came Thomas Clarkson.
Tlic company were most hospitably en-
tertained by Mr. T. Clarkson, the occupier
of the mansion.
Affcr a while, a visit was paid to Play-
ford Church, which is very small and un-
pretending. It stands upon a high bank
of land, close to the road leading from
Playford to Grundisburgh. Bat, as Lord
Hervey himself most happily suggested,
the soil of that little graveyard is rich
indeed. The architecture and appoint-
ments of the church may be mean and
poor, but the place is enriched with a long
line of historical associations, and it is
richer still with the remains of great and
honoured men, who, in our own times,
have been there hid to sleep their last.
We cannot enter that little churchyard,
and see that plain and simple obelisk to
the memory of Clarkson, without a thrill
of pleasure at being able to call such a
man our countryman ; and we feci some
pride in being able to recognise, in the
other worthy so recently laid to rest there,
the stock qualities of the true English-
man. The obelisk in memory of Clarkson
is of grey granite, very plain, bat well
proportioned, and about ten feet high.
About half-way up there is one block, a
few inches in width, which is polished, so
as to form a polished band round the
column, and this is inscribed on each of
its four sides with appropriate mottoes.
Clarkson's remains rest in a vanlt near
the chancel door, and we observed an iron
plate on the rails of the tomb, with an in-
scription : —
" He is not the God of the dead, but of the livlDg,
For all lire unto Him."
Qrundisbargh Church and Hall were on
the list to be visited, but time did not
allow of a frill examination, and the party
instead repaired to the house of the late
E. Acton, E^q., where the magnificent
collection of antiquities, formed by that
gentleman during thirty years' residence
at Griindisburgh, (and which is now for
sale,) was inspected by the visitors. Some
idea of its extent may be gathered from
the fact that four rooms were completely
filled with 136 Ronum glass and earthen
urns, found in Roman interments, chiefly
at Colchester, Bury, and Icklingham,
with tile tombs, lachrymatories, glass
and earthen vessels, lamps, bottles, beads^
Roman fibulse, ligulsB, bracelets, armlets,
buckles, keys, spurs, chains, pins, rings, &c.
Here the proceedings of a most plea-
santly spent day were brought to a close.
SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Oct, 4. The autumn tour of the Society
this year embraced Ditchling, Keymer,
Danny and Hurst. A large party, in-
cluding, among others, Mr. Blenoowe,
Mr. Durrant Cooper, Mr. M. A. Lower,
Hev. Mr. Loroax, and many ladies, assem-
bled in the morning at Lewes, where
vehicles were provided. On arriving at
Ditchling, they proceeded to the parish
church, where they were received by the
Vicar, (the Rev. Thomas Hutchinson).
Gent. Maq. Vol. CCIX.
After inspecting the chief olgects of in-
terest in and aroand the chnrch, thej
repaired to the school-boose, where the
Vicar read an able and interesting paper
on Ditchling and the parish church; it
contained much historical information, and
suggested varied means of unravelling cer-
tain knotty archseological questions. Mr.
Hutchinson also favoured his hearers with
an inspection of a table-cloth two hun-
dred and thirty years old, the work of th«
4a
I860.]
Yorkshire Philosophical Society.
639
the Society would have a very good volume
next year, but be would particularly im-
press on them the desirableness of dili-
gently collecting the monumental inscrip-
tions. He had been promised the Bye
ones for next year, and if other gentlemen
would be kind enough to forward what
they could he should be greatly obliged.
They might rest assured that nothing
should be lost, for if the inscriptions were
not printed in the annual volume, they
should be carcfolly preserved.
YOEKSHII^ PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
Kov. 6. At the monthly meeting, T.
Allis, Esq. in the chair, a communication
was read from John Turner, Esq., respect-
ing the discovery of an ancient cemetery
at Selby.
In the course of some operations, un-
dertaken by the Selby Board of Health in
1857, a drain was carried through a part
of the town called Churchill, which dis-
closed the remains of what appeared to be
an ancient cemetery, at the depth of eight
feet below the present surface. The in-
terments in it were all of one kind. Trunks
of oak had been divided longitudinally,
and the interior hollowed out, so as to
afford space for the reception of a body.
The divided pieces had then been laid
upon each other, some without any fasten-
ing to hold them together. With a single
cxco{)tion, the tree remained in its natural
state, without any attempt to fashion it
into shape; in the case referred to, the
end of it had been formed into a rude imi-
tation of the end of a stone sarcophagus.
The purpose for which the excavation was
undertaken did not allow of deviations to
ascertain the extent of the cemetery, and
the ground is covered with modem build-
ings, but as many as fourteen of these
coffins were counted. In one of them,
which was taken out, there was a skeleton,
which was pronounced to be that of a
middle-aged female.
The name of Churchill has been sup-
posed to indicate the site of some ecclesias-
tical structure, which preceded the erec-
tion of the abbey, and was the parochial
church, till the dissolution, when the abbey
church was made parochial. In confirma-
tion of the opinion that an older church
has stood on Churchill, it may be men-
tioned, that old stone foundations were
discovered there in excavating the drain,
which, from the cause before noticed, could
not be followed out so as to trace their ex-
tent. Hardly anything is known of the
history of Selby before the year 1070,
when William the Conqueror founded the
abbey. Fragments of Samian pottery and
a few Roman coins have been found, but
these are insufficient to establish the ex-
istence of a Roman station here. From
the entire absence of coins or works of art
in these coffins, except a set of beads of
stone, carefully worked and coloured red,
it is difficult to assign their age. We may
safely oonclode them, however, to be older
than the Conquest. The wooden coffin
found at Qristhorpe, near Scarborough,
which was merely a hollowed oak, has
been generally supposed to have contained
the body of an ancient Briton, and similar
coffins found elsewhere are usually consi-
dered as British. But a custom once es-
tablished may have remained in partial
use long after it had been generally aban-
doned. Such was not the usual mode of
interment among the Saxons, but this is
hardly a sufficient reason for carrying
back the age of the coffins to British times.
A perfect skull found in one of the coffins
was laid on the table. Examined by the
authors of the Crania Britanniea, it
might perhaps throw some light upon
the question of race.
640 [Dee.
ContjElpontienre of Selbamuf tSrban.
ICorrespondents are requested to append their Addreteee, itoi, mmUts agreeahU^fiir
publication^ hut in order that a copy of the GsirrLXiCAV's Maoazihx eomtttimiw^
their Communications may he forwarded to them,"]
ST. HUGH OF LINCOLN AND THE EARLY ENGLISH STYLE.
We have received several communications on this suhjectf Bhewing the
interest which has been excited upon it by Mr. Dimock'a work and the
article in our last number. The point which seems to strike people at new
is that St. Hugh was not the architect of his own cathedral, although it is
recorded that he worked at it with his own hands ; this was probablj to
stimulate the zeal of others; and the distinct mention of the architect.
" Constructor Ecclesiee," to whom he gave directions on his death- bed
respecting his burial and his tomb, leaves no room for doubt upon the
subject. The idea, then, of Lincoln being in a Burgundian style, imported
by St. Hugh of Grenoble, which had received high sanction, is now at an
end. The architect was not a Bungundian at all, either from the Imperial
province or the French duchy, but a native of Noyers, or probably a monk
of the abbey there. Several friends* have pointed out to us that Noyers
is an abbey in Touraine, then one of the English Provinces, but on the
borders of the royal domain of France, and not far from Bloia, where the
west window of the church of St. Nicholas is strikingly like the celebrated
round window with plate tracery in the end of the north transept of
Lincoln, the earliest and the finest window of its class in England.
As this is one of the turning-points in the history of architecture, and
therefore of considerable interest and importance, we have thought it
necessary to investigate it as closely as possible, and with this view we
have examined the original manuscripts of the life of St. Hugh, two of
which are in the Bodleian, and two in the British Museum. Only one of
these, the one called Magna Vita in the Bodleian, contains the passage in
question ; the others are nil abridgments, and two of them in Terse. The
Austrian manuscript printed by Fez in his Bibliatheca AMceHca^ a«
quoted by Mr. Dimock, and reprinted very incorrectly by the Abb£ Migne,
appears to be, in part at least, the same as the Magna Vita in the Bod-
leian, although an incorrect transcript of it. We have collated the pamage
* We arc particularly indebted to M. Felix de Vemeilh, the anthor of the vm
valuable work on the EgVuies Byzantines de France, fur his oommaiiiimtion : ■i*^ to
the Rev. T. Hugo, F.S.A. ; K. K. Holmes, Esq., F.S.A., Department of MSS. si tbt
British MuBCum; and C. A. Buckler, Esq., Architect.
18G0.] St, Hugh of Lincoln and the Early English Style. 641
which hears on our suhject with the MS., and here subjoin it with the
variations in the Abbe Migne'8 edition.
And as the name of the place is very
important, we give a magnified fac-simile
of it, — three times the size of the original,
— to make it more clear.
EXTRACT FROM THE "VITA S.HUGONIS EPISC. LINCOLN"
(Feom the MS. K., DiGBY, 165, in the Bodleian Libkajry,
CAP. XVI, FOL 117.)
M. Various Readings from the Abbe Migne, Patrologia, t, 153, c. xxiv, col, 1098,
E. Bibl. CartusicB Gemnicensis {Oemnitz in Austria).
PosTMODUM imminente sibi jam post dies quindecim lucis hujus die
suprema, Gaufrido de Noieres % nobilis fabricae constructori (quam cepit a
fundamentis in renovanda Lincolniensi ecclesia erigere Hugonis magnifica
gracia^ decorem domus Dei dilectio) talia idem* est locutus: '*Quia
duminum regem cum episcopis, totiusque regni hujus primoribus, Lin-
cohiiam in proximo ad generale colloquium conventuros accepimus, accelera,
et consumma^, qusDcunque necessaria sunt ad decorem et ornatum circa
altare domini ac patroni mei S*'® Baptiste Joannis ®, quod etiam per fratrem
nostrum Bovensem^ episcopum, cum eo una cum ceteris advenerit epi-
scopis, voluimus e dedicari. Nam et nos ipsi denunciati tempore colloquii
illic proDsentes erimus. Optabamus sane nostro illud ministerio consecrare,
sed, quia Dominus aliter disposuit, volumus, ut priusquam illuc veniamus^,
occasioned remota, consecretur." Hsec ipsa verba et aliis quibusdam repe-
tiit, dans in mandatis servientibus suis cunctisque majoribus personis ^ £c-
clesiae suee, ut ^ in extremis utque ™ obsequiis, quantam possent, deferrent
honorificentiam, non solum regi, sed ° episcopis, aliisque amicis ^ Lincolniam
ad Venturis.
This is followed by the Bishop^s instructions for his bunal and funeral.
The name spelt " Voires" in the Abb^ Migne's edition is clearly written
** Noieres'* in the Digby MS. It is probably Noyers, the last es being in
abbreviation, the other letters plain.
The following is the passage in the Gallia Christiana which relates to
Noyers: — ** De Nucariis Beatae MarisB Ordin. S. Benedicti dioecesis
Turonensis, cuius loci memorantur Abbates Hugo, Uenricus, Bernertus,
Aimericus, ac Emanuel Martineau." — Vol. iv. p. 697.
We are requested by the writer of the article in our last number on this
subject to correct the following misprints : —
p. 462, last \me,for "work," read "monk."
p. 466, note h^for 477, read 447.
■ Voires, M. *» erga. «^ eidem. «* cura singula, « 8, Joannis Baptista
perficere. ' Boffensem, » volumus. •» perveniamus,
omni inserted here in M. ^ personis after sua in M. * vel inserted in M.
•" utque not in M. » et inserted in M. <> suis inserted in M.
642 [Dec.
MS. OF CHAUCER'S MINOR POEMS.
Mr. Urban, — MSS. of the Minor Poems of Chaucer are so uncommon
that I feel justified in directing your attention to a copy of the " A, B, C,"
which occurs in a book belonging to Sion College, entitled the ** Pilgrimage
Celestial," translated from the French. The MS., written on paper, is of
about the year 1460 or 1470, and affords a good illustration of the way in
which Chaucer^s Minor Poems at least have been treated by some of his
editors. For the purpose of comparison I place in the margin the text
according to Bell's annotated edition of Chaucer (Parker and Son, 1854),
and you will see that the alterations are generally for the worse. What
is very curious is, that the MS. is much nearer to modem spellings than the
print is, as in it we have ' my/ where the latter has ' myn* or ' mine* before
a consonant, which I conceive must be nothing more than a fancy of the
early editors, who possibly thought it pleasantly antique, as we might *' ye*
for ' the,' or put an ' e' at the end of a word. Take the few following lines
from * C as a proof of their bad taste : —
Comfort is noon but in yowe, Lady deere,
For loo, my^ synne and my^ confusyon, * myn.
Wliiche oughten not in thy^ presence appeare, ^ thyn.
Ilave^ taken on me a grevous accyany* ' Han. * actioon.
Of veray right and desperacyony^ ; ' desperadon.
And as by right they might wele sousteync
That I were worthy my damnacyony\ ' myn damnation.
iVbr^ mercy of thowc blisful Ueven's^ Qaeene. ' Nere. * * Seven's* omitted.
In A the following variations are noticeable : —
L 1 . Almighty and almercyable Qwccne.
„ 2. To whome that^ al this worlde fleethe for socour ' ' that' omitted.
„ 3. To have releese of synne and^ sorrowe and teene, ^ of.
„ i. Glorious Virgyne, of dWcifloures^ flouer, ' flouris.
„ 5. To thee I crye^y confounded in errour, * fle.
„ 6. Helpc and releef thou mighty^ debonayre. * almighty.
In B :—
1. 0. Haven of^ refuyte, of qwyete, and qf^ rcste, * and. * 'of omitted.
„ 7. Loo thai^ theeves seven chasen me. ' Loo how that.
In Di-
li. Doute is ther noone, thowe^ queene of misericorde. * ' thou' omitted.
„ 4. For certes lady and hlis/ul moder dere\ ' For certea Ghristis Uisful
_ ,^ modir dere.
In t, : —
1. 1. £7uJU^ hathc myne hope of refuyt been in thee\ ^ Ever. * in the be.
1 860.] MS. of Chaucer's Minor Poems. 6 43
1. 3. Ilastowe (^=bast thou) to misericorde resceyved^ 'Unto mercy hast thou
TTitf 3. received me ;* a mere gloss.
„ 7. That but thowe or that day me toeel chastise*. ^ * or that day correcte
In p I me,* which will neither
, ^ . .^, J scan nor rhyme.
1. 5. IS omitted.
„ 6. Yet Lady thowe me cloothe with^ thy grace. ' close in with.
I will quote G and H entire, as they exhibit several variations, and they
will also give a good idea of the injury caused by the interpolated ' n' in
' thvn :' —
Gloryous^ mayde and moder, which that ever^ ' Qracions. ^ never.J
Was never your better in eerthe, neyther in 8ee\ * Were better nor in erthe
And full of sweetness and of mercy ever, nor in se.
Helpe that my* father ne be not wrothe with me. * myn.
Speke thowe, for ever I dare nought him see^. * Speke thou, for I ne dare
So have I done on eerthe, ellas the whyle, him not se.
That certes but if you my^ socour be • myn.
To stynke"^ eterne, he wole my gooste exyle. ^ sinke.
He wowehed sauf, tell him as was his wille,
By come a man, to have^ our alliaunce, ' as for.
And with his precyous hloode he wroote the hiUe^ ' his blode he wrote that
Upon the crosse, as general acquytaunce blisful bille.
To every penitent in ful creaunce ;
And therefore, Lady bright, thou for us pray.
Thane shalt thowe hoothe stynt al our grevaunce\ ' thou stent al his gre-
And make our foo to faylen of his praye. vaunce.
Inl:—
1. 1. I wote it^ well you wolt been onre socoure. * omitted.
„ 5. Thaine^ (then) makest thowe his pees with his 2 That.
sovercgn.
„ 8. That shall he fynde, asthelyP shall lete. ' as he the lyf.
In K:—
1.1. AWe7irfi>r«* enlumyned been they ' Kalendeirs.
„ 2. That in this worlde been lighted, with %« name. ^ thyn (very jingling).
„ 3. And who so goothe to you the right way.
„ 4. Him thar^ not dreede in soul to he* laame. • schal. * ben.
„ 7. Late (=■ let) not my foo mywownde no more un-
tame *. • Let not myn fo no more
jj^ j^ . myn wownde entame.
1. 1. Lady, thy^ sorrowe ne^ cane I nought pourtray. * thyn. ' omitted.
, 2. Under the crosse ne his grevous penance.
, 3. But for youre boothes penaunce^ I yowe pray ' peyne.
, 1 . Late nought oure aldres* foo make his hobaunce\ * alder. * bostaonce.
, 5. That he hathe in his lystes 0/^ meschaunce • with.
, 0. Convict that yce boothe have"^ bought so deere, ' ban.
7. As I sayde erst thou groundeof ot^r^^ substaunce. ^ omitted.
644
Correspondence of Sylvanvs Urban.
[Dec
InM:—
1. 1. Moyses that saughe the btisshe with^ flambes ' bosh of.
„ 2. Brenning of whiche that- never oon^ sticke, ' than. • a.
„ 3. Was signe of thjne unblemished* maydenhede ; ^ unwemmed.
„ 4. Thou art the busshe on which ther ^an' descended can.
„ 5. The hooly Gooste, the^ which that Moyses • * the' omitted.
„ 6. Had been on fuyre, and this was in figure.
„ 7. Now, Lady, from the fuyre thow^ us defende. ' * thow* omitted.
InN:—
I. 3. That comethe of thee, thou^ Christes moder dere, ' ' thou' omitted.
4. We have noon other melodye or^ glee, ' ne.
5. Us to rejoyse in our adversitee,
6. Ne advacat noon that dare thaime^ (= them) prey. * so.
»i
i»
InO:—
1. 2. O verraye lougt^ of labour and distresse.
„ 7. This worlde awaytethe ever on th^^ goodnesse.
InP:—
1. 5. But for to save us that he^ sythen bought
6. Thane ncdethe us no wepen for to have^
7. But oonly thee\ we did not as us ought
„ 8. Do penytence and mercy, axe* and have.
II
11
1 lust.
» thyn.
1 'he' omitted.
' save.
• then.
* aske.
InQ:—
1. 1. Queen of courofort, yit^ whenne I me bethenk
„ 2. That I gitt have boothe offt^ him and thee,
„ 3. And that mi/^ sowle is worthy for to synke,
„ 4. Ellas I kaytyff whider may* I flee,
„ 5. Who shal unto tht/^ son my* meene bee,
„ 6. Who but thyselp that art of pyte welle,
„ 7. Thou haai ruthe^ of our adversitee.
> right.
> 'offt' omitted.
myn.
» thyn.
In R:—
1.
II
II
11
II
11
11
1.
II
II
»
• myn.
' thynself.
* Thou hast more rntb.
eke.
1. Rcdresse me, Moder, and yowe^ me chastise.
2. For certaynly my faders chastysing,
3. That^ dar I nought abyden in no wyse^
4. So hideous it is the^ rightful rekennyng.
5. Moder of whome our mercy* gan to spryng,
6. Beethe^ (=be thou) my Juge and eeke my soulis' Be ye.
leeche.
8. To yche (= each) that wol ofpiUe yawe byieecheK * Thai of pHj w3 jtm. be-
InS:— •^•^
» Ne.
' iahtsfuL
* joye.
1. Soothe is that God ne graunUth^ no pity.
5. Of al the^ worlde and eeke gouvemeresse.
f). Of Hevcn and he rcprcssethe his justice.
7. After thy^ wHlc and therefore in witnesse.
9
1 Soothe b he MgiMiBtekk
> thif.
» thyn.
jT
.-ti-^
I860.]
MS, of Chaiicer's Minor Poems.
645
ches.
In T:—
1. 1. Temple devoute then God hathe^ his wonnjng.
„ 2. Fro which thees misbyleved deprived been.
„ 3. To yowe my^ soule penytent I bring ; ^ myn.
4. Receyvethe^ (=: receive thou) me, I ne cane no' Receve me.
firther fleen
5. With Thomes venymous, 0^ heven qween,
6. For wliich the eerthe acursed was ful yoore\
7. I am soore^ wownded as yee may weel seen ;
8. That I am loste hit smerteth me so soore^.
a
a
a
a
* * 0' omitted.
* sore.
6
so.
In V:—
1. 2. And ledest us into thyne^ heghe towre.
„ 6. Lady, unto that courte^ thou mee adjourne,
„ 7. That cleped is thy^ benche, O* fresshe floure.
InX:—
I. 1. Xps^ thy sone, that in this worlde alighte.
„ 2. Upon the crosse to souffre his passioun.
„ 3. And eeke suffred^ that Longeus his hert.
„ 5. So was it alfor my^ salvacyoun.
„ 7. And yit he wol not my^ dampnacioun.
In Y ;~
1. 6. Sith he, is^ mercy mesured so large,
„ 7. Be ye not skant for aJlle (accidental omission)
^ almost it smert so sore.
1 the.
2 on that country.
3 thyn. * of.
1 Xpe.
2 suffred eke.
' And ai was this for my.
* myn.
> his.
3 all we sing.
* oute.
' thyn.
wil.
* Now, Lady bright.
* Ben.
sing*^ and seye.
InZ:—
1. 3. Therfore this lesson ought^ I wed^ to telle,
„ 4. That neer thy^ tendre hert we weren spilt.
„ 5. Now, Lady, sith thou canst* and wilst,
„ G. Bee'^ to the seede of Adam mercyable.
The *' Pilgrimage" is said to be translated by a monk at the Abbaye of
Clialyce, in France. The writer seems to like variety, and so he heads
almost every page differently; thus we have the title of this hymn : —
2. Devotissima oratio ad Mariam pro omni tempore tribulationis, neoess. angostis.
1. Incipit carmen secundum ordinem literarum AlphabetL
3. A devout dytee of our Ladye Marye.
4. A devout thing to our Ladye.
From the Latin heading, I conceive that this poem is a translation of a
Latin one. Does it exist } and if so, where can a copy be seen } The
book in French was written by Wil. Guilleville. Query, was he the author
of the hymn, or is it older ? I am, &c.,
J. C. J.
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
4k
646
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban.
£Dcc.
EPISCOPAL NAMES IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY.
Mr. Ueban,— Mr. Robertson's letter in
your last Number has satisfied me on
a point on which I had my suspicions
before, that I owe you and your readers
an apology for having written to you in
a hurry. I did not sec Mr. Robert-
son's August letter until late in that
month ; my remarks upon it were hastily
put together, at a distance from my books,
and reached you too late for insertion in
the September number. It is to this
hurry that you must kindly allow me to
I meant to aay that they were tbe onty
two which bore on the face of them any
look of un-English plebeian origin. They
are not noble Norman names, as Peche and
Foliot : they are not Anglo-Saxon names.
Murdac, I afterwards remarked, sometimes
appears as Filius Mardae, (Maseres, 378,)
and therefore goes into tbe class of patro-
nymics. I do not know what the deri>'a-
tion of Durdcnt is, bat the name itself is
probably, like Bccket, one of the Norman
names of citizen rank, which were coming
a»cribe the mistake in the spelling of into use at the time, and became yery
Foliot, and to the same cause must, I
imagine, be attributed that apparent con-
fusion of expression of which Mr. Robert-
son complains.
I intended in my letter to say two
things : first, to state the question about
commonly hereditary at the close of the
century. Hoveden calls Thomas, Bekct,
and I see no harm in calling him so too,
although the point at issae between Mr.
Robertson and his reviewer can hardly be
held to be settled thereby, for Horcdeo
the name of Bccket as it presented itself wrote just at the critical time in dispute,
at the time to my mind, and apart from When I said that I did not think Mr.
the personal matters with which it wa^ Robertson's letter condonve, I did not
mixod up in Mr. Robertson's letter ; and mean to say tliat I considered the qnettkn
secondly, to remark on the importance of settled, or likely to be so^ the other way.
accuracy (as far as it is attainable) in the The remaining remarks in Mr. Robeit-
UHo of proper names, apropos of which son's letter refer to 1. St. Edmand; S.
I quoted from memory a few instancrs of
what appeared to me to be misconceptions
on such points in ancient and modem
writers. Nothing was further from my
mind than an intention to reflect upon
Mr. Robertson, in those quotations, as
from his letter he seems to suppose. I
hud not at the time even seen his Bio-
graphy of Recket : and, although I cer-
tainly do not rememl)cr the references
that he makes to his other works, I have
sci'n, and 1 hope learned something from,
his " Church History." I do not wish to be
his opponent or to write as one, but am
content to be either a fellow-student of
hist-ory with him, or, if he pleases, his
Bcholnr. On looking at my letter again,
I cannot help thinking that, if ho had not
taken for granted that I was writing with
an intention of attacking him, he would
have judged more leniently of what I said.
When, in comparing the name of I^ket
with those of the other bishops of the
time, I said that Durdent and Murdac
were the only two names similar to it.
Herbert (de) Loeinga; 3. Raonlf Ham-
bard ; 4. the Duke of Cnmherhmd.
1. With the greatest regard for Mr.
Robertson's opinion, I think still that
the parallel holds good between tbe two
archbishops. I was wrong in attribating
to Henry VIII. the do-canonisation of St.
Edmund: it would have been more cor-
rect to say that his name was omitted in
the restoration of the black-letter Cslrn-
dar by the EHzabethan reformers. Bat
tlie general correctness of the parallel I
uphold. On comparing our present Cslen-
dar with the more ancient ones printed
in Maskell's Mon. Eit,, toL iii., ftom two
Bodleian MSS., (and I prefer a refcrenee
to these to one to the Calendar printed is
the same volume firom the Sanun J?acA»-
ridion, because they contain all the lunts
whose commemorations were anything
like general in the EngUsh Chnrdb,) I
find that there are, he^dea St. ThomM^
only ten English Hdnta in the old which
do not appear in the new: St WnliUa,
St. Cuthbcrt, St Wilfrid, St. Aldhte
I860.]
Episcopal Names in the Twelfth Century.
6^7
St. Botulf, St. Kcnelm, St. Oswald, St.
Cuthburga, St. Edith, and St. Edmund.
I cannot take upon myself to say why the
reformers expelled St. Edmund in com«
pany with these representatives of Anglo-
Saxon monastic sanctity, espedally when
St. Hugh and St. Bichard are spared.
But I cannot help thinking that it was
that likeness to St. Thomas, (more cer-
tainly in circumstances than in character,)
which was so leading an idea in St. Ed-
mund's own mind, so strongly remarked
upon by his contemporaries, (Matt. Paris,
527, 533, 545,) and so unjustly made
a charge against him by the more violent
reformers, (Bale, fol. 105, ed. 1548).
lleadir^g history impartially, we see much
more of the saint in Edmund than in
Tliomas ; the reformers probably looked at
the political characteristics to which he
owed his canonization in common with St.
Anselm, and to which the popular beatifi-
cation of Simon de Montfort, Thomas of
Lancaster^ and Archbishop Scroop is to be
ascribed.
2. The cases of Herbert (de) Losinga
and Ranulf Flambard appear to stand
thus: — Each bore a name capable of a
punning interpretation; very early the
original name was lost sight of, and the
origin of the cognomentum traced to the
pertinency of the characteristic on which
the pun WHS founded. I believe that
Losinga was Herbert's name, and that
because he was given to U)senger, the
appropriateness of his real name gave it
the look of a nickname; and something
of the same sort happened to Kanulf
Flambard.
But why de Losinga? I write the
name as I find it in the Monasticony and
in Wats's Index to Matt. Paris, not without
the knowledge that such authority is very
second-rate, but because it seems to me
very probable that the antiquaries who so
write it have been influenced by the same
reasons that have led me to my own con-
clusion. Valeant quantum. The testi-
mony of the medieval writers is unani-
mous indeed, but its unanimity originates
111 the fact that in this point they copied
one another word for word. The account
ol' Herbert's cognomentum appears in
Malmesbury's Oesta Segum, p. 517, and
Gesta Foniijlcum, fol. 136, and in Florence,
ii. 33 : — " quod ei ars adulationis impe-
gerat ;** for the words " nuper egerat," as
they appear in the English Historical
Society's edition of Florence, are simply
a corrupt reading of William of Malmes-
bury's words, and the whole passage, as it
does not appear in Simeon of Durham,
is probably an interpolation by a tran-
scriber. Brompton, whose words are not
exactly the same, "Losinga, id est, adu-
lator," was a compiler of the fifteenth
century. Matthew of Westminster, with-
out mentioning the " adulation," takes
his account word for word from Malmes-
bury. Cotton does not mention it, al-
though he wrote doubtless from indepen-
dent sources. But William of Malmesbury
expressly says that the father of Herbert
bore the same cognomen ; this at once
disposes of the notion that it was given to
Herbert solelg from his flattering pro-
pensities; he had the name from bis
father, and as Robert de Losinga his fa-
ther appears in the list of tbe abbots of
Hyde, I know not on what authority.
Where did his father get the name ? Was
it ever borne by any other man ? I find
in Godwin a Bishop of Hereford, Robert
Lozing, who was the friend of St. Wul-
stan, and certainly did not get his name
from losenger. (Vide Wright, Biog.
Brit. Lit., iL 18.) He is described by
Malmesbury as Lotharingus; and a Lo-
tharingus I suppose the other Robert to
have been, a countryman of Giso, (Ang.
Sac,, i. 559,) Hereman, (Plor. Wig., i.
199,) Walter, (Flor. Wig., i. 218,) and
Walcher, (Sim. Dun., 290,) who were
Bishops of Wells, Sherbom, Hereford, and
Durham in the same age. Of which of
the countries that from time to time bore
the name of Lotharingia Robert was a
native, I cannot say. Giso was Hasbani-
cnsis, Walcher a clerk of Li^e, Hereman
a Fleming. Whether the " pagus Oximen-
sis" was near enough to the Flemish fron-
tier to be counted at any time a part
of the duchy of Godfrey of Boulog;ne, in.
the confusion of the BngUah popular
geography of the time, 1 cannot «ay- ^
should have felt inclined ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ""^ ^^
648
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban*
[Dec
Bretag^e, in the settlements of the 0ns-
mii, but I find that the French g^eogra-
phers place it in Normandy, without
exactly fixing where. Whether, as seems
not impossible, Lotharingus was a com-
mon name in England for Frenchmen
who were not Normans, I leave to others
to decide. As Herbert inherited the name
of Losinga, it does not matter where he
was bom. I have given, at any rate,
what seems to me a reasonable account
of my theory.
3. Ranulf Flambard was the son of
a priest of Bayeux, named Thurstan, who
was, according to the Durham Obituary,
a monk of St. Augustine's. I was at one
time inclined to think him a Fleming,
Flamand; but as Thurstan was a favourite
name at Bayeux, I suppose he was a low
Norman. Wliether the name was origin-
ally Flambart, (Sim. Dun., 220,) Psss-
fiambard, (Fl. Wig. IL 35,) or Passcfla-
bere, (Ann. Wint., Anff. Sac, i. 295,)
does not appear. That it was a real name
seems certain from the appearance of
Banulf Flambart in Domesday Book, (vol.
i. p. 61) ; that the panning interpretatton
arose from his being a firebrand* *'(^aod
totam raptor Angliam taccendit," (Hont^
Anff, 8,, it 700,) and kindling the king
to deeds of oovetoofnesi, " fofmei cnpidita-
tum/' (Malmes., G. B. 497,) I take to be
the true account of him. That this wu
lost sight of ill his own life-time, I eon-
elude from the story given hy Ordericoi
Vitalis, that he received the name from
the king's steward, (Ord. Vit., viii. 8).
4. The account of the Duke of Cumber-
land will be found in Wolfgang Menieri
" History of the Germans," ed. 4^ p. 1011.
As Mr. Robertson cannot really snppoie
that I meant to refer to his books in my
mention of Bishopsbridge and Sawbridgv,
it is almost needless for me to add tbst
the books really in my mind when I
wrote were Falgrave's *' Pariiawtemtary
WritM" and Le Neve's FasH,
In conclusion, I most take leare to say,
that if in anything I have written above
I may seem to have treated Mr. Roberttoa
with disrespect, I wish it unwritten.
I am, &e. W. S. N.
ARCHBISHOP nOLDEGATE'S FALL.
Mb. Urbait, — Tliero can, I conceive, be
no possible duubt that Archbishop Cran-
mcr, in giving the pall to Robert Iloldc-
gate, orchbishop-elcct of York, intended to
imitate, as nearly as possible, the Roman
use in the matter, lliat this pall bad not
come from Rome is quite clear; the se-
paration between England and the Pope
at the time in question, (January 151r-l-5,)
was as complete as it is now. The oath
which was administercil to the archbishop-
elect on his consecration, and which was
specially devised for that occasion, is one
of the most direct and emphatic denials of
the Papal power to be found among our
public documents. St;ype prints it, or
rather, as I suppose, a translation thereof,
and immediately adds, "And then, after
this oath, followed the prayers before the
benediction of the jmll and the ceremonies
of delivering it."
Mr. Stubbs deserves the thanks of uU
antiquaries for having brought to light
this most curious monument of Anglican
ritualism. The Benedidio PMU is evi*
dently a modem composition. It doei
not read like a medlicval prayer. I am
pretty sure I have seen the Roman form
in print in one of Mabillon'a works, bat,
writing at a distance from libraries^ I am
unable to give a reference to it.
It is evident that the presentatioo of
the pall lost all its symbolic tiguifieaiice
when it came from Canterbury 'nrtaid ti
Rome; but the state of feeling at that
time was so difTorent from what it now is^
that I apprehend there is no reoaon for
believing that Cranmer and the others
concern^ with lum in thb rite enacted
a wilful parody, for although in the papd
bulls the pall was said to have been taken
de eorpore heaii Petri, this was not true,
except as a figure of speech. One who has
seen the whole process of the m»kiwg. of \\y^
pall, from the blessing of the lambs whose
wool is to bo used, to the final dedicatMU
of the vestment, thus describes it :
•* Every year, on the morning of St Ag-
I860.] The " Bishop'' and " Dean'' at Lincoln Cathedral 649
nes's feast, the 21st of January, a horse,
bearing slung over his back two baskets,
each of which holds a lamb of the fairest
and the whitest, is to be seen walking
into Rome from the country, towards the
Pope's palace, before which it awaits till
the pontiff comes to a window, thrown
wide open, and, standing there, makes the
sign of the cross upon the bleating burden
bt'low him. Borne hence to the fine old
basilican church of St. Agnes-out-of-the-
Walls, where a solemn high Mass is to be
sung, these lambs, decked with ribbons
and tlowrrs, are taken to the altar, and
kept at its foot while the holy sacrifice is
offered up. Formerly at the Agnut Dei,
but now after divine service is ended, the
celebrating priest goes through the cere-
mony of blessing these little animals.
They are then given over to the canons of
the Pope's cathedral, (St. John Lateran's,
and the chapter of that church sends
them to the pontiff" himself, who orders
them to be conveyed unto the dean of the
apostolic subdeacons, by whom they are
entrusted to the care of some nunnery,
where they are kept and fed. In due
time these lambs are shorn, and their
fleeces— along with which is put, if need
be, other fine work— are spun and woven
by the nuns into palls against the festival
of S8. Peter and Paul. On the eve of
that day these palls are carried to St.
Peter's, and laid upon the high altar,
when they are shortly afterwards taken
down into that hollow space below it,
and when evensong is done, blessed in
duo form, either by the Pope himself, or
in his stead by the cardinal arch-priest of
that basilica. They are then shut up
within a rich silver-gilt box, and put close
hy St. Peter's shrine, and so kept there
until wanted for bestowing upon new
archbishops *."
A writer of the twelfth century, Petrus
MalHus, tells us that palls were conse-
crated in the confessional, and laid upon
St. Peter's shrine : —
<' Et inde est quod legatus sanctsB ec«
cledffl RomansD dicit: accipe pallium de
corpore beati Petri sumptum ''.**
In the case of Holdegate there is not
the bare possibility that the pall may have
been a genuine Roman vestment that had
been sent in the old manner by the Pope
to some former English archbishop, for
the unvarying rule was, that on the death
of each archbishop the pall was buried
with him in his grave. If he were interred
within the limits of his own province, it
was put around his shoulders, as he had
worn it in life. If buried elsewhere, it was
folded up and put beneath his head. Qer-
vase, the monk of Canterbury, bears wit-
ness to this custom. He was present and
assisting at the burial of St. Thomas (H
Becket) : —
" Aiter the martyrdom," he says, " the
saint's dead body was removed and placed
in the shrine before the altar of Christ.
On the morrow it was carried by the
monks and deposited in a tomb of marble
within the crypt. Now, to speak the
truth — that which I saw with my eyes
and handled with my hands — he wore
hair-cloth next his skin, then stamin, over
that a black cowl, then the white cowl in
which he was consecrated; he also wore
his tunic and dalmatic, his chasuble, pall,
and mitre *."
The only English instance I can dis-
cover of one person wearing another's pall
is that of Stigand, who by some means
became possessed of the one which had
belonged to his exiled predecessor, Robert.
He, however, at length received a new
pall from "a certain schismatical pope
named Benedict *." Probably John Bishop
of Velletri, called Benedict X.
I am, &C.,
K. P. I}. £•! F.S.A.
All Saints', 1860.
THE "BISHOP" AND "DEAN," AT LINCOLN CATHEDRAL.
Mr. Urban, — There is, I imagine, a
very simple reason why the author of the
" Metrical Life of Saint Hugh," noticed
in your last number, has in the following
» The Church of our Fathers, as seen in St. Os-
mund's Rite for the Cathedral of Salisbury, by
Daniel Rock, D.D., 1849, vol. ii. p. 149, note.
lines called the sonthem circular window
of the transept of Lincoln Cathedral " the
<> Acta Sanctorum Jonii, t. vii. p. 38. As
quoted in the above by Dr. Rook.
• Qervase's Lives of the ArcUbifthopB of Canter-
bury. Translated by the Rev, W. Stevenson, In
Church Historiana of England, l85Si P* ^^>
* Ibid. 308.
650
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urbane
[Dec.
Bishop/' and its fellow on the north " the
Dean" :—
<* Pnobentes geminoD jubar orbiculare fcncstrsB
Eccleda) dno sunt oculi : rectdquc videtur
Major in bin esse pncsal, minor esse dccanus."
On the south side of Lincoln Minster,
with but a narrow way between them,
once stood the bishop's palace, a magnifi-
cent structure, having few rivals in Bri-
tcdn ; on the north side, at about an equal
distance, still stands the Deanery. (That
is, a modem boose on the old ate.) Was
it not quite natural to call the two " ^es"
of the church by the names of the digni-
taries on whose rendencea tbej looked
down ? May not this aocoont^ too, for the
larger size, in the first inatance^ of the
southern window ? — I am, &c.,
K. P. D. E., F.S.A.
NOTES ON CORONATIONS.
Mb. Urban, — I beg to hand you a few brief notes on modem Coron*-
tions, in continuation of my letter printed by you in August last.
I am, &c.
Mackehzik "Walcott, M.A.
On St. Oeorge's day, 1685, Archbishop
Sancrofb crowned King James II. and
Mary of Moilena. The service was then
first used in the English tongue. " When
King James was crowned, according to
ancient custom," says Aubrey, " the peers
go to the throne and kiss the king. The
crown was almost kissed off his head ; an
earl did set it right, and as ho came from
the abbey to Westminster-hall, the crown
tottered exceedingly. The canopy of cloth
of gold ctirried over King James* head by
the wardens of the Cinque Ports was torn
by a puiTof wind as he came to Westmin-
ster-hall ; it hung down very lamentably :
I saw it. A signal was given from the
abbey to the Tower, whore it was Sir
Edward Sliirbum's post to stand to ^ve
order for firing the cimnon, and to hoist
u]) the great flag with the king's arms.
It was a windy day, and the wind pre-
sently took the flag half off, and carried it
away into the Thames. The top of his
sceptre, the fleur-de-lys, did then fall."
On April 18, 1689, was the coronation
of William and Mary. ** What was dif-
ferent from other coronations," says Eve-
Ijrn, '* was some alteration in the corona-
tion-oath. Dr. Burnet, Hishop of Sarum,
preached with great pleasure Much
of the splendour of the proceeding was
abated by the absence of divers who
should have contributed to it, there being
but three bishops, four judges, no more
being yet sworn, and seyeral noblemen and
great ladies were wanting."
On April 12, 1702, Queen Amne mm
crowned. Dr. Sharp, the Archblihop of
York, preached on Isaiah zlix. 23; and
a new ceremony was introdaoed. "Im-
mediately after the crown bad been
set upon her head, and while the choir
was singing the anthem, 'I^nuse the
Lord, O Jerutalom,' the dean took the
Holy Bible, brooght by one of the pre-
bendaries, and brought back by the Bidiop
of Worcester in the proceaaiaii for tbii
purpose from the altar, and delivend it
to the archbishop, who^ with the rest of
the bishops going along mth him, pre-
sented it to the Queen, aaying first thse
words, * Our g^radons Qneen, Ac' "
On Oct. 20, 1714^ KlngOeoige I, for-
getting his dignity, gave rent to bis
auger by refusing, with nnmiatakeable
disdain, to accept from Dean Atterbnrj's
hands the chair of estate and the canopy,
which were his in right of hia office^ m the
chief ecclesiastic in the abbey. An anec-
dote, much to the honour of the king^
howeviT, is added as a note to the M&
history of the coronation : — " At the eoio-
n.ition the king took off his crown and laid
it on the altar, and b^g told that he
should wear it, he refused, saying, that he
thought it indecent to appronch ihe King
of kings witli his crown on.** •• The Ihike
of Norfolk, by the Lord Uowaid of Eflng-
I860.]
Notes on Coronations,
651
ham, presented a rich glove to the king,
by virtue of the claim of the manor of
Worksop, and as soon as the sceptre was
delivered to the king, he supported his
right hand, or held sometimes the sceptre,
which he was to do as long as the king
bore his sceptre in his hand, as in the
recess."
On Thursday, Sept. 22, 1761, Arch-
bishop Seeker crowned King George III.
This king first omitted the custom of
giving the kiss of charity to the arch-
bishops and prelates. The litany was
chanted by the Bishops of Chester and
Chichester.
On July 19, 1821, King George IV.
was crowned by Archbishop Manners-
Sutton. The ceremony was shorn of much
of its beauty, owing to painful political
circumstances.
On Tlmrsday, Sept. 8, 1831, King Wil-
liam IV. and Queen Adelaide were crowned
by Archbishop Howley. There was no
coronation feast, nor champion's challenge,
nor procession from the Hall to the Abbey.
On Thursday, (the Hanover Thursday,)
the vigil of St. Peter, 1838, Queen Vic-
toria was croWned by Archbishop Howley.
For the first time since the Revolution the
sovereign was desired to lay aside the
crown before receiving the Holy Com-
munion.
THE DUCKING OR " COCKQUEANE STOOL."
Me. Ueban, — Among the many quaint
customs of old times, the treatment of
scolds and tattlers was not the least curi-
ous. The cucking, or ducking-stool of the
village pond was the terror of naughty
women. To be seated on that stool, and
to undergo a correctional ducking, drew
forth an amount of derision, far more
bitter to endure than a more severe but
less lu( icrous punishment. Orders for the
ducking of scolds often occur in the ses-
sion-books of the county of Middlesex.
I extract the following : —
" Forasmuch as itt fully appeareth unto
this Courte upon the testimonie of divers
credible persons inhabitinge the parishe of
Kiifielde, in the County of Middlesex, that
Susan Croxan is a Comon Scould and dis-
turber of the Peace, and slanderer, and
stirrer upp of stryfes amongst her neigh-
bours; Itt is therefore ordered, that the
Constable and Headborough of the saide
parishe shall, immediately upon sight
liereof, (»wse the saide Susan Croxan to
bee placed in a Cockinge-stoole, and there-
uppon to be duckt in water within the
saide parishe." — Liber Sett,, 2 C<Mr, I.
The origin of the term cooking-stool is
curious. It is well known that strumpets
and disorderly women were called queanes.
The term, as so applied, is retained in our
dictionaries, although it has now fallen
into disuse. It was the custom to punish
such characters by ducking them in the
pond, and the stool on which they were
placed appears to have been originally
called the " cockqueane-ttool" but after-
wards shortened into cocking-stooL Thus
I find that,—
" Uppon the motion of Mr. Marsh, one
of the Justices of the Peace for this
County, Itt is ordered by this Court
that the inhabitants of the parishe of
Hackney shall erect and sett up a cock-
queane-stoole in some convenient phice
within the parishe of Hackney." — JAber
Sett.f 1 Car, I.
And again, —
" Uppon the motion of Mr. Longe, one
of the Justices of the Peace, it is ordered
that the inhabitants of the parishe of St.
James, Clerkenwell, shall erect and place
a cockqueane-stooie on the side of the
duckinge-ponde, within the said parishe."
— Liber Sett., 1 Car, L
I do not recollect having met with this
term before, — I am, Ac,
F. SOMKBB MeBBTWSATHBB.
Colney Hatch*
G52
[Dee.
HISTORICAL AND MTSCELLANE0TT8 REYIEWS.
PatronynUca Britannica ; a Dictionary
of the Family Names of the United King-
dom, Endeavoured by Mask Antony
Lower, M.A., F.S.A. (London: John
Russell Smith.) — We confess we are dis-
appointed with this book. Judging from
Mr. Lower's former productions, we ex-
pected something very much more valu-
able. His work on English Surnames has
been pronounced by a competent authority
"curious, ingenious, and amusing," and
this praise we may concede to the present
book, but wo looked for substantial, re-
liable information as well, and this in-
formation we do not find. The subject is,
no doubt, one of difficulty, but when a man
undertakes it of his own free choice he is
bound to work it fairly — to exhaust it, as
far as hard labour and untiring research
will allow him to do, and he must not ex-
pect his pica against a charge of incom-
pleteness to go for much, when all he
says is, "It has never been any part of
my plan to hunt after names, but only to
record and to illustrate such as have crossed
my path :" — that is, he thinks his duty to
his reader is to be discharged by gratify-
ing himself with pouring out a stream of
very vague talk — we will not say gossip —
on anything that comes uppermost. In
this we are obliged to say we cannot agree
with him.
The prospectus of the work stated,
some time ago, if our memory servos us
rightly, that it was to give the results of
a twenty years' study of British family
names, — "a subject which, investigated
by the light of records and philology,
would prove highly illustrative of habits
and customs of our ancestors," &c., &c.
It WHS also promised, wo believe, that by
the introduction of anecdotes ai to origin
of names, (Sec., the whole should be made
acceptable to the general reader as a fire-
side book.
We cannot regard these promises as
fulfilled. As to the pleasant fire-side
reading, that will not long endure in the
10
face of the cabaliftic « B. L. G./» «• H. R,"
"N. and Q.," and "B. O. 16," with
which every page bristles by way of n-
ference, obliging the reader for pleasure
to turn at each half-doien lines to a for*
midable page of " EzplanaUon of Abbre-
viationsy &c." Neither will the reader
for information fare much better. He
will find each page offering sach triviaU-
ties as, —
" BowMAXBB. A common employncat
in the days when archery was in Togne."
"BoYMAN. Perhaps a person who
looked to the huoya near some port or
dangerous passage."
" Habpeb. a performer on the bsrp.*
" LoFTT. From pride or arrogance of
disposition."
" P&ATEB. A talkatiTe man."
He hardly needs a goodly octavo Tohme
to tell him sach things as theses and yet
they are a &ir sample of the general nm
of the book.
Mr. Lower states that "his dingn
throughout has been chiefly etTmokgicsl
— using that word in its most popolsr,
and least technical sense.** He pirfiawi
to have little sympathy for " fiuciftd ge-
nealogy/' and yet, when he gets beyond
the very obvious *' etymologies" of whid
we have just given a few spedmens, his
lucubrations often punfnllj remind ns of
the "Table of Proper Namei^ with thdr
meaning or signiflnation " appended to
" Cruden's Concordance,** where we md
that one name (Abei) "bmng interpreted*
means " an egg or mnddj/' and anotber
(Ajalon) " a chain or a ttag," and a third
(Caleb) " a dog, or a oow» or a haskel^"—
information sopredse as this must greatly
asdst the student of the ** cnriaos bcnaeh
of archsBology" which If r. Lower pirofaMi
to have made his own.
One very olgectionshle ftatnre of the
work is the peipetoal Ko-tow-ing to "oar
brothers and counns" of Amerioi, aia^ ear
author thinks it worth while to flll whols
pages with examples of the OQrraptkM
that they are daily introdiidng in
38(50,]
Patronymica Bntannica.
653
seasoning the detail with jokes of the
very lioaviest descriptioii. Take, for in-
stance, these, quoted with much appro-
l)ation, as "humorous passages,** from
JVIr. Bowditch's ** Sfiffolk (America) Sur-
names :" —
" Mr. Augur has a case now pending,
which his opponent doubtless feels to be
^ bore: he is of an old family. A Mr.
Aur^ur appears in 1658 ; and Mr. Augurs
received the notice of our forefathers in
1G71. Both Sibel and Sibell are found
in New York. Mr. Soldem has ventured
to bring a suit. Our Messrs. Parson, Par-
sons, Shriever, Friar, Friary, Priest, Di-
vine, Deacon, Creed, Quaker, Church,
Pray, and Revere, are probably not more
pious than our Mr. Pagim or Mr. Turk.
Both Mr. Churchman and Mr. Musselman
live in New York ; also Messrs. Bigot,
Munk, and Nunns. Mr. Rosery lives at
Lockport, C.W. ; Dr. Kirkbride at Phila-
<lelphia ; also Messrs. Bigot, Bapst, and
Musselman. Mr. Layman, in 1857, cora-
luitted a murder at the South, and will
doubtless be hung without benefit of
clergy. Mr. Praed, one of England's
fiwcetest poets, has by no means confined
his muse to sacred tlieraes. Dr. Verity
lives at HaysviUe, CW. An English
clergyman, the Rev. Arundel Verity, falsdy
and fraudulently converted to bis own use
funds designed for conversion of the hea-
then. Mr. Newgate (1651) was not an
escaped convict ; nor does it appear that
Mr. Selmaii (1674) was a slaveholder.
iSIr. Mothersell lives at Kingston, C.W.
No clerical associations surround the name
of llev. William Youngblood of New York.
A Dr. Youngblood lives at Sandwich, C.W,
Pieiisant M. Mask of Holly Springs, Miss.,
treacherously murdered a young lady in
1857. We have both the Bible and the
Coran in our directory. Mr. Pastor makes
csusks instead of converts, and can operate
better upon hoops than upon heathens;
but though our Pastor is a cooper, our
Cooper was the best of pastors.*' — (p. viL)
*' The heathen deities, Odin, Backus, and
JVIars, dwell with us. Rev. Mr. Mars is
a clergyman at Worcester. The goddess
Flora kecjw house in Boston. An edition
of Pallas's Travels appeared in 1812. . . .
Mr. Jui)it-er lives at Wateringbury, Conn. ;
Mr. Jove in New York; Mr. Soul at La-
grange. Mr. Plannet is found in our di-
rectory, and sells beer ! Mr. Planert lives
in New York ; Mr. Comet in Montreal.
" Columbus discovered a world ; and so
have I. Mr. World lives at Orilla, C.W.**
— (p. viii.)
'* Rev. Mr. Service reads the Methodist-
Gent. Mao. Voi*. CCIX.
Episcopal service at Lj^nden, CW. ; and
Rev. Mr. Rally, of HaysviUe, C.W., mani-
festly belongs to the Church-militant. Mr>
Lappe, of New- Hamburg, C.W,, is a shoe-
maker; Miss Vest, of Toronto, a dress-
maker; Mr, Vizard, of Peterborough, an
attorney ; and Mr. Supple, of Pembroke,
a member of the provincial Parliament,
1857. Messrs. Carveth, of Port Hope,
C.W., and Mr, Gash, of Dunville, C.E.,
are butchers. Mrs. Lone is a widow at
Oriquois, C.E. Mrs. Cinnamon, of King-
ston, C. W., keeps a grocery. The Messrs.
Broadwater, of Philadelphia, are fisher*
men. Mr. Brick, of that city, is a mason ;
and Mr. Cartman, a labourer, Mr. Brick-
layer, of Montreal, is a labourer; Mr.
Rumble, of Clinton, C.W,, a wagon-
maker; and Mr. Saddler, of Adelaide,
C.W., a harness-maker. Mr. Builder, of
Caledonia, C.W., is merely a cabinet-
maker. [On the other hand], Mr. Spur-
geon, of Toronto, C.W., has cure of soles,
not of souls ; and Mr. Hatter, of Ottawa,
C.W., is a shoemaker. Mrs. Bloomy is
a school-mistress at St. Zepherine, C.E.—
an employment decidedly unfavoorable to
the complexion.** — (p. xi.)
We feel inclined to apologise for quot-
ing these specimens of transatlantic wit,
and we think Mr. Lower judged badly
to go so lar when at least as good could
be found at home. Though we have not
devoted twenty years to the study of the
subject, we can recollect meeting with
jeux d*esprit which treat of the contradic-
tion of names and natures quite as amu6«
ingly as Mr. Bowditch, and with the
great recommendation of doing it more
shortly. We will quote one specimen from
memory : —
** Mr. Box, tboagh provoked, never doubles bU
fist,
Mrs. AngeFfl an absolute fury ;
And meek Mr. Lyon let fierce Mr. Lamb
Tweak his nose in the porlieos of Drury.*'
And we will give an old epigram as an
addition to Mr. Lower's meagre article —
"Twining — A Parish in Gloucester-
shire :** —
*' It seems in this case as if Nature had plann'd
That names should with callings agree—
For Twining, the teaman, who lives in the Strand,
Would be >rwiN^, if robbed of his 7.'*
An Addendum, of more than a dozen
pages, gives what Mr. Lower styles *' a
highly carious list of names," the result of
the busy idleness of some gentlem&n (now
4i
05 4
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[Dec.
d«Toased) in ibe Registrar General's Office.
It contains some 8,000 items, and many of
the names are ladicrous enough, but it is
after all only an improvement (or aggra-
vation) of the old joke (of the time of
James I. we believe) of the Huntingdon-
shire sheriff, who had been censured for
summoning, on a former occasion, ** mean
men," and who at the next assizes handed
in a jury list, which was headed by " Max-
imilian Emperor, of Toseland," and in-
cluded a King, a Duke, a Lord, &c., &a
Mr. Lower anticipates that the study
of family nomenclature will in future years
achieve an importance not dreamt of when
he commenced his studies, and he is most
anxious that his claim, as "having been
the first, since the illustrious Camden, who
attempted to reduce them to method,"
may be allowed on all hands. We have
no wish that it should be otherwise, but
ere we part with him we must make the
remark, that the more widely the " more
elaborate productions" which he alludes to
depart from his plan and mode of execu-
tion, BO much the more ample is likely to
be the measure of their success.
Primer of the Art of Illumination^
for the U$e of Beginnert, By P. Db-
LAMOTTE. (E. and F. N. Spon.) — We
liave examined this work with much
satisfaction. Its author is evidently quite
equal to his subject, and he has done well
what he proposed to do. He modestly
says that his book " contains just so much
instruction on the history and principles
of the art, as may serve to fix on certain
deHiiite bases the wandering and some-
what hazy notions of people on the sub-
ject, and enable them, by reference to good
examples, to erect their own superstruc-
ture on a certain foundation ; and just so
much instruction in the practical part of
the art as may enable them, in a great
measure, to teach themselves how to prac-
tirie it." Tbe exumples given are some
tliirty illuminated MSS. in the British
Museum, selected with sound judgment,
and the plates are twenty in number,
twelve of them highly finished in gold and
colours, and the remainder outlines of the
same for practice. No one acquainted
with illuminated IfSS. will ezpeei that
the work of tbe printing iirw and the
coloorist of tbe pretent day can rival tbe
'* Hours" of St Louii or of Anne of Bri-
tanny ; their glowing beantAes, it appeui^
are not attainable, bat oertainlj Mr. De*
kmotte's reproductions are tome of tbeveiy
best that we have aeeUy and are higblf
creditable to him.
We observe that he also it the author of
The Book of Ornamentai AlpkabeU, and
The Emhroidereff'9 Book qfJDetiffm^ boU
of which may be etndied with mudi ad-
vantage, either separately, or aa helps to
the more ready apprdiendon of the rudi-
ments of the art of illamination. Thej ai«
tasteful and saggestive.
TheM%norPropket9,fffUka Cdmmeaiaff
Explanatory and BraeHeai, amd Inir^-
ductions to the aeveral JSook*. By tbe
Rev. E. B. PusKT, D.D., Regini Profc«ur
of Hebrew, and Caoon of Chriit Chon^
Part I. Hoiea, Joel — Introductloii. (Ptf •
kers, Deighton and Co., Riyington.)— TW
name of Dr. Posey is in itself Miflldent to
attract to this portion of «* The Holy Biblf,
with a Commentary, by dergymen of tbe
Church of England," a large ehare of at-
tention, and accordiiigly we are not sor-
prised to see "Second Thonaand" on the
title-page, or to learn that the imprcsrioa
is well-nigh ezbaosted, though 4ta Com-
mentaries are, as a rule, slow-wUiiy books.
It is not omr intention to enter into aay
criticism of the work — rach an nndertakii^
is altogether foreign to the nature of the
Gentleman's Magizihi^ but we haw
been struck by a brief note which appean
on a fly leaf at tbe end of the part, and
we thiiik we do but right to g^ve it mrh
Airther publicity as ii in our poww:
*' It will interest some to know that the
whole of the printing of the prvcMUng
pages (except tbe working off, which k
a distinct trade) was esecnted faj wowau
[at the Prionr pree^ Bradlbid-on-Avfln.]
The trial has been going on for five jein»
during which the booke or aennoiM^ winch
the writer has publiahed or fCfrabUsbid,
have been printed at the vnm of tbe
Devonport Society. ITw nniCrtakinif M
many difficnltiet at flnt; a good deal of
experience had to be g^aed hi » irark »
1860,]
The Minor Prophets.
655
foreign to the occupation of Ladies, The
difficulties have been surmounted by the
tliougbtful care and practical wisdom which
have characterized the plans of the Foun-
dress of that Society. A number of young
women, of good character, who came out
of poverty, want, and ignorance, are now
living happy in this employment. The
nature of the present work, which, in all
its circumstances, has been such as to test
a good printer, is a sufficient guarantee,
that women can execute every part of
printing, just as well and at less cost than
men. Another suitable and remunerative
employment has thus been found for female
hands in our great towns, if but due care
is taken by those who shall adopt or ex-
tend the plan thus happily begun. The
plan has succeeded in the United States,
where it is said that most of the " Com-
posing" is done by women. Such printing
as, in our artificial state of society, re-
quires " nightwork," (such as Newspapers,)
liad obviously better be done by men.
Else there is no kind of printing which
women cannot execute as skilfully, remu-
neratively to themselves, and less expen-
sively."
" Easter, \^m, «E. B. P."
Researches into the Religtons of Syria ;
or. Sketches, Historical and Doctrinal,
of its Religious Sects, Drawn from
Origmal Sources. By the Rev. John
WoETABET, M.D., Missionary of the
United l*re8byterian Church of Scotland
to Aleppo, Syria. (Nisbet and Co.) — It
is a very natural curiosity that leads men
to desire to know something of the reli-
gions of so renowned a land as Syria, and
therefore this book will no doubt find
many readers. The author is a Syrian,
and so speaks with a certain degree of in-
timacy and authority on some points, but
on the other hand he has a very strong
bias, to say the least, to one particular
system, which makes it hard for him to
be quite just and impartial. His avowed
design is to " expose the utter corruption
of the Oriental Churches," and we know
the lengths to which such a theme has
carried even profoundly learned men before
now.
Protestantism in Syria, we learn, is in-
debted principally to the American mis-
sionuries, who greatly outnumber all the
rest. Mr. Wortabct speaks thus highly
of them in a passage which we quote as
a fair sample of the tone of the work : —
" They took the field earlier than all
others; they maintained their ground
often under circumstances of an aidverso
character ; the means of men and money
expended by them are comparatively very
large; the resources of all kinds which
time has brought under their command
are many and highly important; the
policy which they have followed, and the
measures which they have used, have been
generally wise and effective; the press
which they early established, the good
command of the Arabic language which
they acquired, and the uniform faithful-
ness and zeal which they displayed, are
matters of no small consideration; and,
lastly, their success has been perhaps wider
in extent and more solid in character
than has attended the labours of others.
It is not the object of this chapter, nor is
this the place, to ofier a panegyric on the
character of the American missionaries;
but in this sketch of Protestantism in
Syria we cannot do any justice to our
subject without a constant reference to
the actors whom it has pleased God to
employ in this work.
" Their first missionary to Syria landed
at Jafi'a in the beginning of 1821. Ho
was soon followed by others. The mis-
sionaries, few in number and young in ex-
perience, were harassed for several years
with all the annoyances, anxieties, and
discouragements which generally meet
those who enter on a new enterprise.
Evil and fldse reports, which even at the
present time gain credence with some of
the simple who are still under the yoke of
cunning and ambitious priests, were circu-
lated about them and their futh by the
hostile clergy. For instance, it was re-
ported that they bought men to their creed
with money ; that ten piastres was the or-
dinary price of one soul, but that this sum
was so charmed by the power of the Evil
One that it was incapable of exhaustion ;
that they confessed their sins on the tops of
houses ; that they shot their sins to heaven
with common guns; that they worshipped
the devil; and other like absurdities,
which, however, exerted at that time
a strong repelling influence on the minds
of many. The hostile state of the country
at that period often broke up their sta-
tions and interfered with their work ; and
the Maronite clergy, having due instruc-
tions on that point from Rome, plied all
their art and power for the expulsion of
the missionaries from the land. It was
about this period that one of their learned
656
UrisceUaneous Reviews.
c
r
^
young men was bronpht to the knowlwlpfc
of JiSiw, and died a martyr to the truth
by the hands of the highest dignitjirics of
the Maronite Cliurch. After a long con-
finement in the loiitliBome prison of a con-
vent, fed on a scanty allow-ance of bread
and water, and pcrhap beaten, it is said
tliat ^Vsaad Esh-Shidiuk closed his life,
jxiisoned by the order of tlu5 Kmccr
Beshir."— (lip. 358—361.)
We decline to follow Mr. Wortabct in
his somewhat questionable details on tliis
and similar matters, which exhibit his
follow Christians as worse than Moham-
nicdans; but we will borrow from him
A statement as to the numbers and posi-
lions of the different sects, whidi may
V) of ufto for reference to the reader of
the ncwsjmjier deUiils of passing events
m Syria: —
" It may be proper to give the reader
a general view of tlui geographical distri-
bution of the religious element in Syria.
The (in»ek Church predominates over the
other Clhristian sects in Tripoli, Ueyrout,
Nazareth, and Wjidy el Taym; the (Ireek
Catholic in Damascus, Ale[)po, Sidon and
Tyre ; while the Manmites inhabit exclu-
sively the w1m)1«5 of tlK) Kesrawan, with
many of them (jn the Ijcbanon, and a few
here and there throujihout the country.
The Dnwes are almoHt limited to the
Ti«'banon, Wady el Taym, and the Uauran.
The MetawiU'h occupy liolad v\ Shukeif,
Hcshara, Akkar, and Haallxw. The moun-
tains of Kl Xuj»:iiriyeh extend northwanl
from Akkar to Tarsus. The ehief Mtrength
of the Moliammrdans is in the citieM'—
but, forming at least one-half of the popu-
lation, they are found throughout the
whole countrv. The numbers of the
various m>cts, as far as cin bu made out
by a rough estimate, are as follows :—
(Jroek Ch.irch, luO.CMX); Greek Catholic,
5U,(J4.H); Maronitcs, 2(H.>,00(); Dnizes,
B(MHH); JcwH,3(UH)(); Metawileli, 80,{)tK>;
Nusiiiriych, 2()UW0; Mohammwlans,
7r>(),<.K)6 ; tlie whole populati<m of Syria
being thus al)out one milUon aud a lialf."
— (pp. viii., ix.)
JTt/m)M for Piihfic Worship, Selected
and arrant/ai hif ABTiim WoLFB, Fellow
and Tut4>r of Clare College, Cambridge.
(Macmillan and Co.) — We leani fnmi tlw
preface, that this is a M^lediim from some
20,00() hymns, a formidable numlxT truly;
but many of these are, Mr. Wolfe says,
merely *• [»rayers in metre," whilt^t lie cou-
ccivefl the tmo office of the hymn
praise. Acting on tbii principle, I
■elected 350, free, as he mBcrts^ Ire
"sectariRD bias" — giving fbnr for
Snnday and principRl feiiiTa], and
abo for schools and family wonbip. A
the writers we perceive WRttt^ M
AVhitfield, Tophidy and I>oddric}>^,
per, and Newton — a list harcBy recon<
with the above assertion.
The jfpottUs and ike Offhiory, i
•« Fellowship" of Acts li. 42. A S
preached before the University of 0
by H. E. Tweed, M.A^ FcHoir of
and late Scholar of Trinity Concfrc.
ford and London : J. H. and Jas. Pi
— This is a thoaghtftil discourse,
suited to the learned body addrasc
taming, as it docs, on a qnestioii of
verbal criticism, its argmncnt in 1
of " the restorntion everywhere of a
cffirent offertory on the model of
of tTerusalem, Oalatia, Macedonis
Achaia," seems hardly likely to
much impression in other qoarters.
Oxford Poekei Clouted, (Park(
Tlic most recent issue of this osefnl
is liooks XXI. to XXIV. of Livy.
text is that of Jena, 1841, and shrar
lish notcM arc appended, which g
murii assistance as is desirable f
S(>hooll)oy who is meant to fairly ^
his author. Dcside these, there ia i
condensed notice of Csrthage, a utM
of the progress, year by year, of ]
dominion between the first and
Punic wars, and a smnmaiy of chro
for the same period.
Adranced Tejct-book of O^aic^^
gcripdve and IndmttrioL By
Page, F.O.S. (Blackwoods.)— We
this second edition of a very naelU
as an instance where the worda " II
and Enlarged," which appear on it
page, have a real meaning. Additi
a distinct type, npiienr in almost
page, which embrace everything n
important in the sdenoe, and ke
work abreast with the latest diac
and the advancing views of our 1
/•
I860.]
The Birthday Souvenir.
657
geologists. Several new illustrations are
given, and the principles as well as the
deductions of geology are more fully stated
than heretofore. Very great additional
value is thus given to the work, hut by
painstaking arrangement it is still kept
within the limits of a compendious text-
book.
LecUires delivered at Croshy Sally at
the Meetings of the Evening Classes for
Young Men, By the Rev. T. H. BULLOCK,
M.A., sometime Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge. (London: West.) — Lord Bo-
lingbroke and Edmund Burke pass before
us in these lectures, and are, to our mind,
far too favourably estimated ; but Dryden
and Crabbe are more truthfully sketched.
Windsor Castle is pleasantly treated, and
a suflficient insight given of its history to
make a visit to it all the more agreeable.
Tlie series concludes with a lecture on
" Wise Saws and Modem lustances,"
which, from a kind of heavy jocosity, is
much the least pleasing of the whole. We
make no doubt the lectures passed off
very well, but we think their author
would have done wisely to rest content
with applause at Crosby Hall, and not to
challenge examination from a more cri-
tical audience than he met with there.
The Elements of Banking: with Ten
Minutes* Advi/^e about Keeping a Banker,
By J. W. GiLBART, F.R.S. Fourth Edi-
tion. (Longmans.) — The near approach of
Christmas, with all its financial arrange-
ments, has probably induced the new issue
of this well-known and useful little treatise.
INIr. GKlbart, as our readers are probably
aware, has recently retired from the
management of the London Joint-Stock
Bank, and he has added to this new
edition a large number of reviews, tes-
tiinonialfl, &c., all bearing unexception-
able evidence of his high deserts both
as a writer and a man of business, and
showing also that he has been more
fortunate than many other excellent men,
in having his worth duly appreciated
while be is still in the land of the living.
Speeches in Parliament and some Mis-
cellaneous Pamphlets of the late Henrg
Drummond, Esq, Edited by Lord
LovAiNE. (Bosworth and Harrison.) —
We must confess that we do not see the
need for this pubUcation. Mr. Drum-
mond was known aa a man equally ec-
centric and honest. We will not say any-
thing of his religious views, as they are
not brought prominently forward, but his
utter intolerance of any opinions but his
own — his random attacks on everything
and everybody, and his equal readiness to
defend any of them if assailed by any one
else — are well known to the ordinary news-
paper reader, and having irimished a little
passing amusement, they might very well
have been allowed quietly to drop out of
recollection. The Editor is a connexion
by marriage of the deceased, and no doubt
speaks truly, from personal observation, of
his private character, but he must not ex-
pect to meet anything like general acqui-
escence in his estimate of his friend, as
" the one man of genius and virtue," the
sole redeeming feature of thiil degenerate
nineteenth century.
The Birthday Souvenir, a Booh of
Thoughts on Life and Immortality, Ulumi'
nated by Samuel Stakesbt. (London:
Griffith and Farren.) —We noticed about
this time last year " Shakespeare's House-
hold Words," one of the illuminated works
by Mr. Stanesby, in which he has displayed
great taste, both literary and artistic. We
can but say the same of this, his most re-
cent publication, which really is deserving
of warm commendation. The selections
are from the best writers, and we are glad
to see several striking passages from Holy
Writ, well calculated to inspire suitable
thoughts on the anniversary of our en-
trance into the world. The illuminations
are admirably designed, and the way in
which they are coloured, and heightened
with gold, is equal to anything that we
have seen of late, and almost inclines us
to think that a nearer approach will
eventually be made to ancient excellence
in this branch of decorative art than we
once thought probable. As to the exte-
rior of the book, it is very attractive, and
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[
■hincs in delicate green and gold. Hajipy
ma; thoM young peoplu ctiteein themaelvea
wlio have friendi to preacat them with w
c1<^Dt a Birthday SoDvenir.
Slkipvrreckt and Adventurei at Sea,
(Christian Knowledge Socictj.)— TUia book
containi twenty narraUves of maritime
disaster, which have been selected with a
very praiaeworthy olgect, that of shewing
the importance of discipline, courage, and
quiet self-possesaion in the liour of danger.
All t]i« more memorable shipwreckB of late
years are here recorded, as of the " Fur-
larehirc," with which the name of Grace
Darling is connected j the "Tweed," the
"Amazon," the "Birkenhead," the "Taj-
leor," and the " Hoyal Charter." We
have alao the narratives of the loes of the
"Atalauto," aiid the "Aleestc," men-of-
war, in which the value of discipline and
obcdicnco was fully shewn j and the com-
piler docs not neglect to draw the follow-
ing nsfful mcral from tlie events that he
lias put together in a cheap and convenient
" Tjot it not be snppoaed that these
qualities nro luefbl only to the Moman ;
the nmn who has nevor seen t1ie sea may
ahipwreclt his fortunes if he fail to exercise
them when their exercise is demanded.
He who has a firm trust in Qod, he who,
with a conscience void of otTence, can leove
the direction of all things iu the hands of
llim who rules tlie destinies of His crea-
ture* alike on sea aud land — he it is who
is heat Hltcil to confront danger of euy
general safety, his faith and confidence in
a Father's love and care will enable him
to accept the result without a mormur."
BritUhBviUrJtieii BtaWtttU. (Chri*-
tian Knowledge Society.) — Though pub-
lished at riither an inop|)ortane season, —
that is, if (as we presume) this is their
first appearance, — those two pretty little
books are iccoptable, as helps to the in-
telligent nbservittion of oljecta that too
often arc regarded with listless eyes.
Aliout thirty hatterflies, and more tlian
twice as many kinds of lea-weedB, ore de-
picted; brief dcM.'ription of eacliaro given.
and the plates are infflineiitlj (rail on
to enable any one with otdinarj o
identify the originals if thej ahonld
in his way. The Bta WmiI* bes
initials " C A. J.," and ftam the st
a few pleasant remadl oo tbo atm
and its vegetation, we believe we >je
in ascribing the book to the well-l
writer of " Flowers of the Field,"
tanical Ramhlea," &C.
ChriMtma* Booit^-Uxmm. Qriffil
Farren are early in the field with
atttacljve work* far thmr jnveDilo fi
Firvt comes a thin bix^ lalled
Bvamgt ; or, Sloriat Jor mg
FrUitdi, which ought to become
vonrite in the nonery, and will
long evenings short. Then we have
thing for Ghildren of larger powth,
as their tastes incline, maj either o
themselves with Tht Illmtratad
Model MaJter, in which Mr. Lendel
author of "The Boy's and Girl'B
Toymaker," tells them how to eon
anything they may dealre in paper,
a rabbit -hutch to that not very i
specimen of arehitectnre. the gat«<
St. James' Palace ; or they ma; m
themselves in f\nrj Laud, andc
gnidance of aareral membeta of Un
family ; or if they prefer tlia excib
of foreign nenes, they may fultr
fortunes of a boy and gir^ Lott is
Ion, DT make aoquaintanoe with
in company with Ridpk Btahrookt,
story in both abounds with atrang
startling adventures, but that wi
pier while tboM who d^re to I
stmcted m well as amneed. ma*
turn to Septnu't Sarot i or, n*
Kiiigi of Ei^land, tat really weU w
sketdiea of some thirty naval w«
from Sir John Hawkina to Sir
Franklin — a theme that never wil
on the youtUhl ear. The anther I
dently well acquainted with hia m
and he has therelbra muiagid to
would make a very
a much larger volame.
•^
18G0.]
659
BIRTHS.
July 14. At the Otoraalato Station, Otago,
New Zealand, the wife of the Rev. J. C. Andrew,
M.A., a son.
Aug. 30. At Nelson, New Zealand, Mrs. Edm.
IIobhoaHe, wife of the Bp. of Nelson, a son.
Sept. 5. At Rawul Findee, East Indies, the
wife of Major Gildea, H.M.*s Slst Regt., a son.
Sept. 11. At sea, 400 miles from Melbourne,
the wife of Capt. W. L. Staniforth, K.N., a son.
Sept. 14. At Norwich, the wife of John Bran-
dram Morgan, esq., a son.
Sept. 17. At Poonah, Bombay, the Baroness
de Hochepied-Larpent, a son.
Sept. 30. At Nuwera Ellia, Ceylon, Lady
Creasy, a son.
Oct. 1. At Roorkee, N.W. ProTinces of India,
the wife of Capt. Robert Maclagan, Bengal
Engineers, Principal of Thomason College, a son.
At Kandy, Ceylon, the wife of A. Oswald Brodle,
esq., of the Ceylon Civil Service, a dau.
Oct. 11. At Ootacamund, the wife of lieut.-
Col. Pears, a dau.
Oct. 12. At Lethim, Roxburghshire, Mrs. Bob-
son Scott, a dau.
Oct. 13. In Westboume-terrace, the wife of
Francis Morgan Nichols, esq., a son.
Oct. 16. At Lea-haU, Warwickshire, the wife
of Thomas Colmore, esq., a dau.
At York, the wife of the Hon. and Rev. Frank
Bugden, a son.
Oct. 17. At Redville, Swindon, the wife of
Ilcnrj' Kinneir, esq., a son.
In Johnstone-st., Bath, the wife of the Rev.
C. G. Buskerville, a son.
At Damerham, Wilts, the wife of the Rev. £.
8. Venn, a son.
Oct. 18. At Lodsworth, the wife of the Rev.
Leopold Stanley Clarke, a dau.
At Street-gate, near Dartmouth, the wife of
Henry L. Toll, esq., a son.
Oct. 19. At Ellastone, the wife of the Rev.
Sir C. R. Leighton, hart., a son.
At the Roo8t, Gosforth, the wife of the Rev. J.
Allen Charlton, a son and heir.
Oct. 21. The Lady Chas. Pelham-Clinton, a son.
At Tyddyn-Helen, Carnarvon, the wife of John
Ilutton, esq., a still-born son.
Oct. 22. At Rutland-gate, S.W., Viscountess
Bury, a dau., still-bom.
At Heworth Croft, near York, the wife of
Henry J. Ware, esq., a son.
At New-hall, Darfield, Yorkshire, the wife of
Charles Gorton, esq., a duu.
At St. Marychurch, the wife of the Rev. J.
Mason Cox, a dau.
At Cavendish-place, Cavendish-eq., the wife
of Alfred Meadows, M.D., a dau.
Oct. 23. At Canwick-hall, near Lincoln, the
wife of Major Waldo Sibthorp, M.P., a son.
At Mitcham, the wife of Knightley Howman,
esq., a son.
At Bowden, the wife of W. R. Crltchley, esq.,
a dau.
Oct. 25. At Easthourne-terr., the wife of M. le
Comte de Marchizio, a dau.
At Clifton, near York, the wife of the Rev. W.
Estcourt Harrison, a dau.
At Dringhouses, York, the wife of the Rev.
Gilbert H. Philips, a son.
At Wootton, Somerset, the wife of Capt. Hood,
R.N., a dau.
Oct. 27. At Fulford-hall, near York, the wife
of the Rev. W. S. Prebton, of Warcop-hall, Pen-
rith, a dau.
Oct. 28. At Wilton-crescent, Lady Emma Tol-
lemache, a son.
At Croydon, the wife of Wildman Cattley, esq.,
a son.
Oct. 29. At the Cloisters, Windsor, the wife
of Dr. George Elvey, a dau.
At the Grange, Hoddesdon, the wife of the
Rev. C. G. Chittenden, a son.
AtBarden-park, Tonbridge, the wife of Edwin
Martin, esq., a son and heir.
In Chester-sq., the wife of John Balguy, esq.,
of Duffleld, near Derby, a son.
Qct. 80. In Park-st., Grosvenor-eq., the Hon.
Lady St. John Mildmay, a son.
At Clifton Hampden, Oxon, the wife of the
Rev. Henry Leighton Fanshawe, a son.
At the Vicarage, Holywell, Flintshire, the wife
of the Rev. Canon Jones, a son.
At Rome, the Baroness Rosalie de Riederer,
only surviving dau. of CoL Sir William Davison,
a son.
Oct. 31. At Cotgrave Rectory, near Notting-
ham, the wife of Uie Rev. Evelyn H. Harcourt-
Vemon, a son.
At Bath, the wife of Lieut.-Col. the Hon. H.
M. Monckton, 3rd Light Dragocms, a son.
At Halstead, Essex, the wife of the Rev. Philip
Gurdon, a son.
Nov. 1. At St. Andrew's Rectory, Holbom,
the wife of the Rev. H. Blunt, a son.
In Porchester-eq., W., the wife of Stafford
Somerville, esq., a son.
Nov. 2. At Beechwood, Helensburgh, Dum-
bartonshire, the wife of Lieut. -Ool. Meares, a dau.
At Richmond, Surrey, the wife of Edward
Hertslet, esq., a son.
At Bathford, the wife of Lient.-Col. Younger,
a son.
Nov. 8. In Saekville-st., Piccadilly, the wife
of M^jor George T. Field, Royal Artillery, a son,
which survived its birth only a few hours.
At Abbot's Barton, near Winchester, the wife
of W. Barrow Simonds, esq., a dau.
Nov, 4. At the Vicarage, Montaoute, Somer-
set, the wife of the Rev. C. C. Oooden, a son.
At the residence of her father, Weymouth, the
wife of Philip Heatly DouglaSt ««l-t Capt. Ist
Devon Militia, a dau.
GGO
liirtlis.
[Dec.
At llothiim-hall, Yorkbhirc, the wife of E.
Ward Fox, e«i., a dan.
Nor. 5. At Park-liill-hou»e, Cliipliain, the
Hon. Mrs. August U8 Ijune-Fox, a son.
At Dallinjcton Vicarage, Suh»cx, the wife of
the llev. ll»li»h Kaisbcck Tathani, a son.
Hoc. 6. At Wrotham-park, the Countess of
Strafford, a dau.
At Southwick-crescent, the wife of Money
Wijo^ara, jun., e»Mi., a son.
In Ilertford-Ht., Mayfair, the wife of the Rev.
George Guiiifonl, a son.
At Heath-tcrr., Went Brorawich, Staffordshire,
Uie wife of the Itcv. K. G. Fish, a duu.
Kov. 7. At Farnham, Surrey, the wife of
Lieut.-Col. Patrick L. C. Paget, Utte Scot* Fusi-
lier Guards, a duu.
At Fareham, Hants, the wife of the Rcr. W.
S. Dumerque, a son.
At UalliiiKry, Fife, the wife of the licv. James
Pennell, a dau.
At Ley ton, Eshcx, the wife of Edward Mastcr-
nian, esq., a son.
At Trenlcy-houHC, Mannamcad, Plymouth, the
wife of Stephen Usticke NowcU-Ustieke, esq.,
a duu.
Koc. 8. In Westhoume-crcs., the wife of J.
R, Wigram, esq., of Northlands, Wilts, a dau.
At the Uirchcs, Stroud, Gloucestershire, the
wife of LImlsey W. Winterbothum, esq., a son.
At Chatham, the wife of F. W. Thomas, esq.,
Iii(>utcnunt and Adjutant Koyal Marines Light
Infantry, a dau.
At ShipHton-on-Stour, the wife of thcBev. W.
11. llavertield, a son.
At Torquay, the wife of Alfred Valdry, esq.,
A dau.
Aur. ». At Claugh ton-range, Birkenhead, the
wife uf Daniel Pilkington, ehq., a son.
At Ald1>orough-nianor, the wife of Andrew S.
Laws«>n, e^q., a Min.
yov. 10. In Ifanchestor-st., Manchester-sq.,
(he wife of the Uev. U. lUchurdson, a dau.
At Pasture-house, near Northallerton, the wife
of Charles llopkinson, esq., a son.
A'or. 11. At Westbere-house, near Canterbury,
Mrs G. .\. Young, a dau.
The wife of Willett L. Adyc, esq., of Mcrly,
Dor!*et, a son.
Sor. 12. In Bcrkeley-sq., Lady Wenlock,
a Hon.
At Mcrton-lo<lge, Putney, the wife of BcnJ.
Wright, esq., a son.
Nov. 13. In Eaton-place, Viscountess Ingestro,
a so'i and heir.
At Parhani, the Hon. Mrs. Curxon, a dau.
At Norton, near Multon, the wife of Mr. John
.Smith, Green-lane, a stm.
At A!! on, Hants, the wiie of Louis Leslie, esq.,
M.l' .a Uau.
.\i the Cottage, Burton Constable, the wife of
Stephen Ortavius Jay, esq., a dau.
At Kxeter, the wife of John Eyre Kingdon,
CM]., jun., a son.
At Huinburroch, the wife of R. Vans Agnew,
eM|., a dau.
At Witton-))ark, Lancashire, the wife of Lieut.-
11
Col. Feilden, of Dulas-court, Ucrefordshire,
a dau.
Nov, 14. At Bath, Lady Theodosia BailUe.adaa
At Farnham Castle, iHrcmatorely, the wife o
the Iter. W. H. Ridley, a dau., still-born.
At Southampton, the wife of Capt. Uamiltoa
U.M.'s 98th Regt., a son.
At Kirton Rectory, the wife of the Bey. Pervj
Croft, a son.
At Dolston-rise, the wife of the Bct. L. Cap
pel, D.D., a dau.
At Hilton, Bridgnorth, Shropshire, the wife a
Lieut.-Col. Kmythe, a dan.
At Southampton, the wife of C«pt. T. B.
Hamilton, H.M.*s 96th RegU, a son.
At Carse-Gray, Forfarshire, lira. Gray, a daa
Koc. 15. At Hale, near Aldershott, the aifi
of Rich. V. De Lisle, esq.. Royal ArtiUery, a daa
In Wilton-cres., Belgrave-aq., the wife of U
Gillctt Gridlcy, esq., barrister, a toil.
At Maisonette, Claygate, near Esher, Somy,
the wife of Patrick Copland, eoq., a eon.
At Dc Crespigny-park, Cambcrwell, the wiSr
of the BeT. John GaTO-Brownc, Chaplain of SL
Paul's Cathedral, Calcatia, a aon.
In Qucen-sq., Weatminster, the wife of Jobi
Hall, esq., of Letterfh«ek, Gal way, a son.
At Bexley-heath, Kent, the wife of the Bcr.
George Moriey, a daa.
At Goldington, Beds, the wife of B. W. Ark-
Wright, esq., a ecm.
At Preston, near Wl^igham, Kent, the wife of
Walter Gippa, esq., a dan., atillbom.
At Chatham, the wife of Capt. Uaher, Royal
Marines, a dau.
Not. 16. At Bamlngham Rectory, near Bnrj
St. Edmunds, the wife of the Rer. Wm. A|rr,
a son.
At the Orange, Cisterton, Weatmoreland, the
wife of John Wylde Whittell, esq., a soa.
In Eccleston-sq., the wife of DaHd Power,
esq., Q.C., a dan.
Nift. 17. In Unlon-flt., Roeheatcr, the wif^ uf
Capt. Cooper, 7th Roj-al FoaiUeni, a eon.
In Bniton-st., the wife of the Ber. C. F Nor-
man, Rector of Portishead, a dan.
In Southwick-pl., Hyde-park-oq., the wilir of
MiO"r George Franeis Stuart, of twiaa ; the daa.
only survived its Urth.
At Evington-pl.fKent, Lady Ronywood, a wa.
Nuf, 18. At Elm-baidi, LoBghan, near Wiw*
borne, Dorset, the wife of A. OiUiat, caq., a wa.
In Ebnry-st., the wife of John F. CtaUkr, ei^-.
barrister-at-luw, a dau.
At Ilomscy, the wife of E. WiUaon Gkw«,
esq., a son.
At the Vicarage, Donicy, near Wtadsor, thr
wife of the Rev. Lambert C Edwanla, a aua.
At Tillington Rectory, Petworth, the wife ol
the Rev. George Ridedale, Viear of Booth Cndke.
Norfolk, a sun.
Nov. 19. In Cambridfe-terr., Hyde-pk., thi
lady of Col. Sir Henry Jaaei, Bojal Enffinecr^
a son.
In Charles-st., Bcrkeley-aq., Lady Hoalr, a ni
At Windlesham, the wife of tha Ber. C. I
Fendall, a mm.
/
I860.]
661
MARRIAGES.
Aiig. 7. At Hiniroleer India, George Alex-
ander Bum, esq., M.D., Assistant-Surgeon 2nd
Cavalry, Hyderabad Contingent, to Janet Mari-
anne Woolsey, fifth dau. of the late Andrew
Jameson, esq., of Daphney-house, co. Wt xford.
At Melbourne, William Preston Cobb, esq., of
Preston-gr tnge, Schnapper-point, Victoria, to
Emnva Mansfield, dau. of the late Yen. Henry
Jeffreys, Archdeacon of Bombay.
Aug. 21. At Trinity Church, Murree, India,
Wm. Varley, esq., 7th Dragoon Guards, to
Mary Jane Henrietta, dau. of Hugh Singleton,
esq., Hazlewood, co. Clare.
Sept. 11. At St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay,
Henry Cleveland, esq., to Eflle Magdalene, eldest
duu. of Major Barrow, Conunandant Marine
Battalion.
Herbert Stephen, fourth son of Henry Tudor
Shadforth, esq., of Barenswood, Mulgoa, to
Miiria Cornelia, eldest dau. of the late Col. Shad-
forth, 57th Rcgt.
Sept. 12. At Port Louis, Mauritius, Lieut.
Hamilton Edward George Earle, of H.M.S.
" Persian," eldest son of the late Commander
Edw. Charles Earle, R.N., to Katherine, young-
est dau. of the late G. Mallet, Capt. 46th Regt.
Sept. 13. At Secunderabad, Deccan, Charles
Waymouth, Capt. 17th Lancers, to Annie Frances,
eldest dau. of Major-Gen. Carpenter, Madras
Army.
At Murree, Charles Edward, son of the late
Charles Herbert, esq., of the Middle Temple,
barristcr-at-law, First Fiscal of British Guiana,
to Elizabeth, dau. of Col. Bigby, H.M.'s Bengal
Engineers.
Sept. 15. At Serampore, near Calcutta, John
George Pushman, esq., of H.M.'s 3rd European
Lip:ht Cavalry, to Clara, second dau. of James
Brooks, esq., of Camden-town.
S''pt. 25. At Secunderabad, Albert Seagrim,
esq., Lieut, of the Royal Regt., to Maria Eliza-
beth, eldest dau. of Capt. Nott, R.N., Beach-
house, Deal.
Oct. 4. At Hollesley, Suffolk, Henry Tanfleld
Vuchell, esq , of the Bombay Horse Artillery, to
Mary Grace, only dau. of John Barthorp,e8q., of
Ilollesley-house.
Oct. 6. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Harry
Robert Newton, esq., only surviving son of Sir
William J. Newton, of Argyll -street, to Edith
Nicola, youngest dau. of Dr. Billing, of Orosrenor-
gate, Hyde-park.
Oct. 9. At St. Peter's, Colombo, George Price,
esq., Capt. H.M.'s 1st Bengal Fusiliers, to Fanny
Durand, eldest dau. of F. W. Wallisford, esq.,
M.D., of the Fort, Colouibo.
Oct. 10. At Staplehurst, Kent, the Rev. Fran-
cis Harris, M.A., Curate of St. Mark's, Birmmg-
hani, to Adelaide Ann, youngest dau. of the late
Geort^e Rugg, esq., of Woodgate-house, Beck'ey,
Su.-..«x.
(ir.NT. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
Oct. 16. At the British Consulate, Leghorn,
Emilio Lecchini, of the Guardia Nobile of the late
Grand Duke of Tuscany, to Anna Grace, dau. of
the late Rev. Harvey James Sperling, of Latten-
bury-hill, and Rector of St. Agnes, Fapworth,
Cambridgeshire, and sister to the Rev. F. H«
Sperling, late Curate of Whitby.
At St. Lucy's, Barbados, William Leacock,
eldest son of William Jordan, esq., to Mary
Elvira, eldest dan. of the late Thomas Went, esq.
At the British Embassy, Paris, the Right Hon.
Sir William Meredyth Somerville, bart, M.P., to
Maria Georgina Elizabeth, only dau. of Herbert
George Jones, Seijeant-at-Iaw.
At Stillorgan, the Hon. Percy Wyndham,
second son of Lord Leconfleld, to Madeline, dau.
of the late Sir Guy CampbeU, bart.
At Thuxton, Charles Saunders Wheeley, esq.,
barrister-at-law, Lincoln's-inn. to Anna Charlotte,
eldest dau. of the Rev. Henry Wright, Rector
of Thuxton.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., George Sadler,
esq., of Crake-hall-villa, Parkside, Wimbledon,
to Frances Anne, dau. of John Baskett, esq., of
Roehampton.
At North Walsham, Robert, youngest son of
John Carter, esq., late of Northwold, to Emily,
eldest dau. of George Wilkinson, esq.
Oct. 17. At Hove, Sussex, Frederick Charles
Danvers, esq., to Louisa, second dau. of Elias
Mocatta, esq.
At Fugglestone, William Rowden Shittler, esq.,
of Bishopstone, to Mary, younger daa. of the late
William Woodcock, esq.
Oct. 18. At Newton-le-Willows, Joseph, eldest
son of David Moseley, esq., of Manchester, to
Rachel, dau. of James Faircloogh, esq., of Newton-
in-the-Willows.
At Down, Kent, William W. Edwards, esq., of
Keston, Kent, eldest son of the late Rev. W. W.
Edwards, Llyswomey, Olamorgansbire, to Eliza-
beth Lydia, eldest dau. of the late Thomas Peters,
Jun., esq., of Albion-street, Hyde-park, and
grand-dau. of Thomas Peters, esq., The Orange,
Kilbum, Middlesex.
At Waloot, Charles, youngest son of Mr. Justice
McDougall, of Widcombe-street, Bath, to Mary
Oreir, only dau. of MiOo^ James Jackson, 14th
Regt. M.N.I.
At Knaresbro', the ReT. John Robinson, M. A.,
of Settle, to Catherine, second dau. of Capt. Har-
rison, of Arlington-bouse, near Knaresbro*.
At Malvern, the Rev. John George Hiokley,
Rector of Street and Walton, to Helen, eldest dau.
of the late Charles Wood, esq., of Street-house,
Somerset.
At Cheltenham, James Hardy, esq., of Bristol,
to Laura Amelia, second duu. of Enoch May, of
Tewkesbury.
Oct. 20. At All Saints', Southampton, Wilmot
Heury, second son of John Wilmot Waterhoube,
4k
662
Marriagei,
[Dec.
esq., of Chiswick, Middlesex, to Margaret Maria,
only dau. of the Rot. Gibson Lucas, Rector of
St. Lawrence, Southampton.
At St. James's, Piccadilly, John Rob. Williams,
es(i., of Ilatton-garden, to Sophia, fourth dau.
of John Salmon, esq., of Easton, near Wells.
At Serriere, Neufchfitcl, Mr. John Ilibbard,
of Rath, to Jane Sarah, second surviving dtiu.
of the late Mr. Chamberlain Mole, of Bruughing,
Herts.
Oct. 23. At the British Consulate, Ostend,
n. V. Pennefather (late Capt 4l8t Rcgt.), to
Margaretta, only dan. of Sir John dc la Pole,
hart.
At Kirby Undcrdalc, W. Carr, esq., of LiUing-
grange, to Elizabeth, second dau. of Charles
Wigglesworth, esq., of Lea-flcld-touse, Garraby.
At Neenton, John G. Chamberlain, esq., of
Wiveiihoc, to Harriet Phoebe, third dau. of the
Rev. J. F. Ben well, M.A., Rector of Neenton,
Salop.
At St. James's, Taunton, George Deedes
Warry, esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barristcr-at-law,
elde^t son of George Warry, esq., of Shapwick,
Somerset, to Catherine Emily, second dau. of the
late John Clitsomc Warren, esq., and grand-dau.
of Richard Meade King, esq., of Pyrland-hall,
near Taunton.
At St. James's, Paddington, Vincent J. Turner,
esq , of Sbipton<-on-Cherwell, Oxon, to Agnes
Elixa, second dau. of Gilbert Finlay Girdwood,
M.l)., of Ilowley-place, London.
At Bcmerton, William Puzey, of the Cape of
Good Hope, second son of Thomas Puxey, esq.,
of Blackheath, to Helen, third dau. of the lato
Joseph Tasker, esq., of Melifont Abbey, Wells.
Oct. 21. At Sephton, the Rev. E. Fieer Green,
eldest son uf E. M. Green, e^q., of Charnwood-
lodge, Leicestershire, to H< len, youngest dau. of
the Rev. W. Rawson, Incumbent of Seuforth.
At Burton Agnes, John Newbold, estj., of Beck-
ingham, to Rebecca, second dau. of Jas. Hind,
esq., of Haisihurpe, late of Crowle - grange,
Lincolnshire.
Oct. 25. At B( binKton, Cheshire, Philip Woods,
son of Philip Finch Curry, tstj., The (irovc,
Hoxton, to Frances Mary, eldest dan. of Thomas
Stanton I'kldowes, e^q.,ClifloIl-pa^k, Birkenhead.
At Croydon, John Dunkin, esq., of Croydon,
son of Henry Dunkin, es<|., of Rottingrdean,
Sussex, to Anne, youngest dau. of Goo. Brown,
esq., of Brick wood-house, Croydon.
At Msrchington Woodlands, Thos. Pickering,
CHi., of Abbot's Bromley, to Harriet, second
dau. of Richard Gillett, esq., of Brook-house,
Vltoxi'U'r.
At St. James's, Piccadilly, the Rev. Philip
Kitcl.inghum, M.A., to Emily Catherine, dau.
of the lute Rev. Henr}- p:iliot Graham, lUictor
of Ludgvan, (Cornwall.
At Holy Trinity, Paddington, Rob. Marshall,
es(i., of (tlasgow, youngi'sl son of the late Rev.
Dr. Marshal!, Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshiie, to
Anna Maria Cirolinc, oldest dau. of the lato
John Craig Krcebaini, c<n., Ihtti-i't, Surrey.
At WouldUaut, George C. Meers, esii., of Hoo
St. Wtrliurgh, Kent, to .Vusur«ta .Mynn, yoimgo.>:t
d&a. of Wm. Sankej, esq., of the Muulan-hoiitt,
Wouldham, Kent.
At Fclstcad, Oliver Goeling, esq., of Bocking
to Lucy Catherine, elder dau. of T. C. BoUie
esq., of Pond-park, Felstcad, Eases.
At Wonldham, John Hart Banker, <h1-i o
Bromley, Middlesex, to Emma, dan. of Wllliu
Peters, esq., of Wooldham-hall, Kent.
At St James's, Piecodllly, Ednrnnd llerrii
Booth Story -Moskelyn, eaq., eon of Anthon;
Mervin Story-Moskelyn, esq., of Bassett Down
house, '^^ts, to Martha Bnnger, eldest dan. ol
Thos. Russell, esq., of Beaminster, Donct.
At Holy Trinity, Paddington, Major Bced, o
Bedfont, bite Capt. 6th Royal Regt., Depnty-
Lieut and J. P. for the co. of Middlesex, tt
Celina Adelaide, youngest dan. of the late Roh
Chester Cooper, esq., of Brighton, Depnty-Iieat
and J. P. for the co. of Snssez.
At Sandford, Robert, eldest son of Rotexl
Lane, esq., of Great Gulton, Bhohrooke, ta
Louisa, only dan. of SUvanns Partridge, esq.,
of Cross, Sandford.
At Twickenham, J. Heanley, esq., of Wlmtdiar-
don, Cambridgeshire, to Chariotte Catherine,
dau. of the late Wm. Whitling, esq., of Xrw
Shoreham, Suswx, and granddan. of the late
Rev. John Pcnfold, Vicar of Stryning, Sussex.
Oct. 27. At the Catholic Chapel, Dover, Loaii
Baron de Zeliga ZyohlinsU, Capt. of CaTalzy, of
Twardos, Poland, to Adeline Kate, eldest daa. of
the Rev. Henry Maltby, late of Ash-grore, Whit-
church, Salop, and niece of the late AlfVcd Lowe,
esq., of Highflcld-honae, Nottinghanuhire.
At Flitcham, Norfolk, Thomas P. Matthew,
esq-. Army Staff Surgeon - mi^or, to EmiUe
Frances, fifth dau. of Dr. Toong, late of Clap-
ham-common, Surrey.
At St. George's, Stonehouse, Oomm. James E.
Bickford, R.N., youngest son of the late Jos.
Bickford, esq., of Newport-honse, to Sophie T.,
second dau. of the late Lient Geo. Tomlin, R.N.
At Gaioford, John Ilett, esq., of Hcadlam-liall,
Durham, to Emma Elisabeth, eldest dan. of the
late Richard Cunddl, esq., of Burden, and widow
of James Young Jamleson, Esq , of Oainford.
At St. Maryli-bone, Middlesex, Sir Wm. Boyd,
to FJixabcth Hannah, widow of the Ute Thooiaf
George Warrington Carcw, esq., of Ctaweombe-
court, Somerset.
Oct. 29. At Clevcdon, Thottoa Cnlfr Adomi,
esq., of Charleombe, and of Sydney-pl., Bath, to
Jane Caroline, widow of John Trerelyan, esq., of
Lansdown-place West.
Oct. SO. At East Fcnnard, Winiam, eldest son
of John Cory, esq., Pylle Rectory, to Anne,
youngest dau. of the late Thomas ^'irh^rif^ esq.,
Huxham-green, East Pennard.
At Leamington, the Rer. John Edwards, If .A.,
Vicar of I*restbnry, Glouoestersldre, to Looisa
ElifCAbeth Margaret, youngest dan. of the late
Sir James Robertson Bnioe, hart., of Downhill,
CO. Londonderry.
At Ktalbridge, Franels ftiddy Greathead, e«q..
National Prnvinciiil Bank, Shaftesbury, to Mary
Withyc, eldest dau. of Ji^a fitephena l^ilUas,
t-M[., Stalbrid^e, DorbcU
*»
/
I860.]
Ma
rrtitges.
663
At St. JamesN, Piccadilly, Arthur Lort, second
surviving son of the late John Lort Phillips,
esq., of Haverfordwest, Pembrokesh., to Frances
Anne, youngest dau. of the late Rev. John
Jones, of Pcnylan, Cardiganshire.
At Worplesdon, the Rev. Stirling F. Marshall,
Rector of Farnham Royal, Bucks, to Oeorgina
Myra S., only dau. of the Rev. Chnrles Lux-
moore, Fellow of Eton College, and Rctor of
Worplesdon, Surrey.
At Scarbro% Edward Bishop, esq., of He:id-
ingley, near Leeds, to I^Iartha, dau. of the late
T. Holt, esq., of Wedderburn-house, Harrogate.
At Keighley, George Gladstone Macturk, esq.,
of Bradford and Ryeland-hill, South Cave, to
Ellen, eldest dau. of the Rev. Wm. Busfeild,
Rector of Keighley.
At Newick, the Hon. Chas. Comwallis, third
son of Viscount Chetwynd, to Emily Hannah,
only dau. of W. H. Blaauw, esq., of Beeohlands,
Sussex.
Oct. 31. At St Margaret's, Westminster, the
Rev. John Fisher Hodgson, Vicar of Horsham,
Sussex, to Hannah Ann, widow of Noah Robert
Young, esq., of Hertford, and youngest dau. of
the late William Johnstone, esq., of Bishop's
Stortford, Herts.
At Edgba.ston, Birmingham, Thomas Frost,
esq., of Liverpool, to Mary Ann, younge:it dau.
of the late Samuel Antwiss, esq., of Aston,
Cheshire.
At Hove, Brighton, William Savage Poole,
esq., Kenilworth, to Frances Elizabeth, second
dau. of John Bill, esq., Coventry.
Nov. 1. At Shilton Earl, Leicestershire, R.
Warren, esq., of Gosford Pynes, Ottery St. Mary,
Devonshire, to Elizabeth Sophia, eldest dau. of
the late John Dowell Fulshaw, esq., of the former
place.
At Mangotsfield, Rowley Toung Lloyd, esq.,
barrister-at-law, and son of the late Rear-Adm.
Lloyd, K.H., F.R.S., to Mary EUzabeth, dau. of
John Jowitt Nevins, esq., of Cleve-dale, Glouces-
tershire.
At Homsey, Charles Bagnall, esq., of Great
Barr, Staffordshire, to Harriet Curtis, second
dau. of the late John Chapman, esq., of Whitby.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., the Very Rev.
Wm. Goode, D.t)., Dean of Ripon, to Katharine
Isabella, second dau. of the late Hon. William
Cust.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Col. J. Thornton
Grant, C.B., of H.M.'s 18th (Royal Irish) Regt,
to Mary Rosanna, eldest dau. of T. Blair, esq.,
(^ucen's-gardcns, Hyde-park, and granddau. of
the late Gen. Mr Robert Blair, K.C.B.
At Ryde, Isle of Wight, Alfred, third son
of tlie lute George Woodward, esq., of Bicester,
Oxon, to Fanny Cordelia, youngest surviving
dau. of the late Rev. William Moor, of Ryde.
Nov. 2. At Beaumaris, Stephen Henry Smith,
esq., Anncsbrook, co. Meath, to Georgrina Bar-
bara, only dau. of the late Col. Pelly, C.B., 16th
Lancers.
Nov. 3. At St. Peter's, Pimlico, Capt Fred.
Pwaclford, of the Royal Dragoons, youngest son
of Uenry Radford, esq., of Athcrstone, Warwick-
shire, to Constance Frances, second dnu. of
Hen. C. Singleton, esq., Adeare-house, co. Meath.
At the British Embassy, Paris, Geo. Hodgson,
second son of Silas Saul, esq., of Carlisle, Cum-
berland, to Eleanor Adelaide, youngest dau. of
the late James Crosby Anderson, esq., of Benton-
hall, CO. Northumberland.
At Rochester, Lieut. C. C. Soott Moncrieff, of
H.M.'s Bengal Engineers, to Lucy Sarah, only
dau. of the late J. Sturge, esq., of Birmingham.
At All Souls', Langham-pl., G. H. Twemlow,
Capt. 16th Regt., eldest son of Major-Gen.
Twemlow, to Georgiana Hamilton, dau. of the
Rev. W. Hamilton Twemlow, M.A.
Nov. 6. At Whitbourne, Herefordshire, Henry,
second son of the late J. Pigou, esq.. Garden
Reach, Calcutta, to Katherine Syms, only dau.
of the late Fred. B. La Trobe, esq.
At Ennis, Capt. Walter Jus. Pollard,*R.N., son
of William Dutton Pollard, esq., of Castle Pol-
lard, and brother of Pollard Urquhart, esq.,
M.P. for CO. Westmeath, to Jane, dau. of Francis
Nathaniel Keane, esq., J. P., of Hermitage, co.
Clare.
At Newark-upon-Trent, the Rev. T. Falkner,
Minor Canon of Tork Cathedral, to Marianne
Harriet, eldest dau. of Hugh Morton, M.D.,
and niece of Gen. Herbert.
At Crowcombe, Somerset, Coventry Warring-
ton Carew, esq., of the Cottage, Crowcombe,
second son of the late Thos. G. W. Carew, esq.,
of Crowcombe-conrt, to Rosetta Anne, eldest dau.
of William Hotham, esq., of Upton, Bucks, and
granddau. of the late Admiral Sir Wm. Hotham,
G.C.B.
At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Capt. Frederick
Gibbons, R.E., Middlesex Militia, grandson of
the late and brother to the present Sir John
Gibbons, bart., to Hester, youngest dau. of
James Colquboun Kemp, esq., nephew of the
late and grandson of the former Sir James Colqu-
boun, bart., of Luss, and of the late Rer. John
Kemp, D.D.
Nov. 7. At St. George's, Hanover-sq., Major
Gould Weston, youngest son of the late James
Willis Weston, esq., of Weymouth, to Frances
Elizabeth Eleanor Crooke, only child of the late
J. Crooke Freeman, esq., of Crooke-hall, Lanca-
shire.
At St Martin's, York, Frederick BardweU,
esq., of Scarborough, to Elizabeth, eldest dau.
of the late Maurice Rodgers, esq., of Sheffield.
At Trinity Church, Fincbley-common, George,
youngest son of J. Greenhill, esq., of Coldhar-
bour, Finchley - common, to Elizabeth Jane,
eldest dau. of the late Edward Bryant, esq., of
Bridgwater.
At Edgbaston Old Church, J. Colvin Randall,
esq., of Philadelphia, U.S.A., to Fanny E.,
youngest dau. of the late Alfred Harrold, esq.,
of Birmingham.
Nov. 8. At Stockbridge, Henry Grosvenor
Howard, esq., of Little Somboume-house, to
Charlotte Ann, eldest dau. of Mr. John Attwood,
of the same place.
At Le win's Mead Chapel, Bristol, Sir John
Bowring, LL.D., F.1{..b., Utc U-^-'* ^^«»^P<>^«^-
664
Marriages.
tl>
tiary in China, to Deborah, dan. of the late Th08»
Castle, C'>q., of Chfion.
At Mantow, Herefordshire, the Bor. Humph-
rey Allen, M.A., of Clifton, to Virginia, third
dau. of the late James Kiley, esq., of Abbey-
house, Surrey.
At St. John the EvangeliBt*a, Halse-tovn, St.
Ivets Kichard Uinifston, esq., solicitor, Liakeard,
to Elizabeth Mary, only dau. of Thos. Boacwall,
esq., Tallund-house, St. Ives.
At the British Embassy, Paris, Mauriee Lonia,
only son of James Lund Gcrrard, esq., to Sidney
Augusta, eldest dau. of Joseph Outtcridge Ste-
venson, esq., of Oxford-ter., Hyde-park.
At Hope, Lieut.-CoI. E. G. Maynard, 88th
Connaught Rangers, to Gertrude, third dau. of
C. B. Trevor Hoiwr, esq., of Plas T4g-park,
FlinUhire.
iVor. 10. At Tetbury, Gloneestershire, the Bev.
CyruH Morrall, of Plas Yoljm, Vicar of Northleigh,
Oxfordshire, to Oeorgiana Fleming, widow of the
late Henry Urquhart, esq., of Cheltenham.
Ifoc. 12. At St. Jamc«*s, Katcliffe, the Bev.
Henry Sadler, Curate of Katcliffe, to EllMbcth
Mary, eldest surviving dau. of the llev. J. E. D.
Serres, Perpetual Curutc of Easeboumc, and
Kector of Lynch, Sussex.
Xor. 13. At Mary port, Wilfrid Lawson, esq.,
M.P., eldest son of Sir Wilfrid L%W8on, hart., of
limy ton, Cumberland, to Mary, third dau. of J.
l*ocklington Senhouse, esq., of Netherhall.
At Tunbridgc Wells, Sir John Henry Pelly,
hart., of Warnham-court, Sussex, to Blanche
Klizubcth, third dau. of the Bev. Frederick Vin-
cent, Prebendary of Chichester, and Rector of
Slinfold, Sussex.
At Cardynham, John Tromaync, erq., to the
Hon. Mary Charlotte Martha Vivian, eldest dau.
of Lord Vivian, Lord-Iueut. of the co. of Cornwall.
At Chester, the Bev. Edward Russill, B.A., of
Chrixt's College, Cambridge, only son of the late
Lieut.-Col. Wilfonl, H.E.LC.S., to Mary Helen,
eldest dau. of John Hignett, cxq., of Chester.
A'or. 14. At Ennist}'mon, co. Clare, John
Carlcton Bury, esq., of Wisbeach, Cambridge*
shire, to Anne, second dau. of the Bev. David
La louche Whitty, of Ennist>-mon Glebe.
At St. Mark's, Surbiton, Charles A. Henderson,
e»q., H.B..M.'s Consul at Panama, to Helen
Elizabeth, youngest dau. of Bobcrt Power, esq.,
of Tasmania.
At St. George's, Ilunovcr-sq., Claude Wheel-
house, esq., of Leeds, to Caroline, third dau.
of the late Rev. Josh. Cuwell, of Tormorden,
Limcunhirc.
Xov, 15. At St. JanM8% W«#ftounie-ti
John Woodward Stanfwd, esq., of Cam,
Cavan, Ireland, Co Louisa, fourth dau. of
late Nevile Beid, Mq., of Runnymede,
Windsor.
At Edinburgh, Capt ThomM Edward Gon
Inniakilling Dn^oona, to Janet Elisabeth &
second surviving dau. of the late Her. Pat
Robertson, D.D., of Eddleatoae, Peebleahire,
At Stanford Rivera, Arthur Aylett Harri
eaq., M.B. Cantab., aon of the Rev. Tho
Harrison, Rector of Womenswolda Kent, to Jj
eldest dau. of laaae Taylor, eaq., of Staal
Bivera, Essex.
At the Britiflh Embaaay, Frankfort-oa-l
Maine, James, only aon of Jamea Doof
M.D., of Quebec, Canada, to Naomi, third d
of tho late Walter Doogias, eaq., of Kew-te
Glasgow.
AtThruxton,Herefordaliire, Bieh. Loufucvi
second son of Biehard Barker, eaq., of Chcal
to Boaabel Charlotte, youngeat dau. of the 1
Bev. George Hey wood, of Ideford, Devon.
At Barmston, the Bev. Alfted Kewdigi
Vicar of Kirk HaUam, Derbyahire, to Sell
Charlotte, eldest dan. of the Bev. GriAth Boj
ton, Bector of Borauton, Torkahire.
At Bray, Charlea Pearee Seroeold, eaq., of O
ileld-lodgiB, Maidenhead, to Bfarie Emilie, aeca
dau. of George St. L^er Grenfell, eaq.
At Eaton Socon, John Blddell, eaq., of Bewi
Folly, Northumberland, to Jane, aeeood dan.
William Pepperoora, eaq., of Eaton tfoeon, B«
fordshire.
At AU Sainte*, Blaekheath, Charlea Fkedni
Ogilvle, esq., M.U., Bombay Anny, youagi
surviving aon of the late John OgUvie, ca
surgeon B.N., to Anne Emilj, third daa.
Jamca Pilcher, esq., of Bow, MIddleaez.
yov. 16. At Fbttlden, BmrtekaUre, Thon
Albert Carter, M.D., M.B C.P.L., of Lewniafta
to Jane Enphemia, only dan. of the lale Chart
Brown, esq.
i\'ov. 17. At Mulbarton, near Norwich, Hie
Chambers, UeuL ItN., of Havvrfoidwcat, yoiuii
est son of tbe late GapL John Chamhera, fotmrr
of the 10th HuMars, to Caroline Anne, widow
the late Arthur WeUlngton Peel, eaq., of Deaai
Pembrokeshire, fourth dan. of the late Jaa
Bellairs Stevenson, esq., of UflLngton, u— «ii
shire.
At Hove, Coventry Bayntun,esq., UeuL Bam]
shire Militia Artillery, to Oeorgiana EDea, eta
of W. U. Sutton, eaq., of Brighton.
I860.]
665
0hit\invy:.
\^Relativ€s or Friends srupplying Memoirs are requested to append their Addresses, in
order that a Copy of the Gentleman's Magazinb containing their Communications
may he forwarded to them.^
IIeb Imperial Majesty the Empress
Mother of Russia.
Nov. 1. At St. Petersburg, aged 62,
Alexandra Feodorowna, the Empress Mo-
ther of Russia.
Her Majesty, who was the daughter of
Frederic William III. of Prussia, and sister
of the preseut King, was bom on July 13,
1798, and received the name of Charlotte
at baptism, but, according to the Russian
custom, on her marriage, on July 13,
1817, with the Grand Duke Nicholas of
Kusda, she assumed the names of Alexan-
dra Feodorowna. "Though but a child
when the fatal day of Jena struck to the
earth the Prussian monarchy, she was yet
old enough to be deeply impressed by the
sorrow and indignation of her mother
when the conqueror was in Berlin, and
when his cruel and unmanly bulletins
poured insult after insult on the heroic
and unfortunate Queen. Nor could she
fail to remember that wonderful burst of
national enthusiasm which, after seven
years of prostration in the dust, once more
woke Prussia, with one heart and soul, to
the recollection of her wrongjs and her op-
portunity. It was a sight to impress the
girl of fifteen, when her countrywomen
thronged to the Royal Treasury with their
golden trinkets offered for the nation —
when every inhabitant of Berlin capable
of bearing arms enrolled himself among
the volunteers in a single day — when the
8011^ of K5rner were ringing in the streets
night and day — ^and when the torn and
blackened banners of Jtna were brought
out from their hiding-places, not again to
turn back till they had floated over the
boulevards of Paris."
After a youth of such sorrows as bad
brought her mother to an untimely grave,
the state of Europe when the young prin-
cess became a wife seemed to promise an
untroubled future. But it proved far
otherwise. Her husband's accession to the
throne was at once followed by a military
outbreak, which threatened the subversion
of the empire ; the war with Turkey, the
Polish revolution, the distrust and jealousy
of other Powers, the events of 1848, and
lastly, the war with the Allies, which
rendered her a widow, renewed her
troubles; and though she strove nobly
against them, her health had long visibly
declined, and her death had for some time
been daily expected. She has left behind
her a character of high exceUence, and
may justly be regarded as one of the most
eminent women of her time, not merely
for her exalted station, but for her virtues
and talents.
The health of the Empress was entirely
broken down by her unceasing attention
at the bed of her husband, who died on
the 2nd of March, 1855, and though re-
moval to an Italian climate was tried, the
mischief was irremediable. She returned
to Russia, and the imminent danger of
her death caused her devoted son, the
present Emperor of Russia, to break up
abruptly the conference at Warsaw, fh)m
which such important political conse-
quences were expected; she died the day
after his return. Her surviving issue are
the Emperor, the three Grand Dukes,
Constantine, Nicholas, and Michael, and
the Grand Duchesses Maria and Olga.
The Dukb of Richmond, E.G.
Oct, 21. In Portland-place, aged 69,
Charles Gordon • Ijennox, Duke of Rich-
mond, Earl of March, and Baron of Sett-
rington, co. York, in the peerage of Eng-
land; Duke of Lennox, co. Dumbarton,
Earl of Darnley, co. Renfrew, and Baron
Methuen of Torbolton, oo. Ayr, in the peer-
age of Scotland, K.G., and also Duke
d'Aubigny in the peerage of France, (the
second Duke having inherited that duke-
6G6
Obituary. — The Duke of Richmond, K.Q.
[Do
dom from his jfrnndmolher, who received
the title from Louis XIV. in 1G83).
Tlie deceased was the eldest son of
Charles, fourth Duke, by Lady Churlotto
Gordon, eldest daughter of Alexander,
fourth Duke of Gordon, and was boru in
Wliitf hall Gardens, August 3, I79I. After
an education at Westminster school, the
young Earl entered the army as ensign in
the 8th garrison battalion, and was sojn
after appointed ude- de-camp to his father,
then Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland; but
preferring active service to the parade
and frivolities of Dublin and the Phccniz-
p:irk, he joined the forces in Portugal in
July 1810, as aide-de-camp and assistant
military secretary to the Duke of Welling-
ton, with whom ho remained until the
close of the war in 1814, and was present
in all the skirmishes, affairs, general ac-
tions, and sieges which took place during
that period; amongst which were the
battles of Busaco and Fuoutcs d'Onor,
storming of Ciudad llodrigo, storming of
liudiijuz, battles of Salamanca, Vittoria,
and the Pyrenees, the first storming of
San Sebastian, action at Vera, and battle
of Orthes. At the last-mentioned battle,
having lefl, in January 1814, the Duke of
Wellington's stafi^, in order to obtain a
practical knowledge of r^imental duty in
the field, he served with the Ist battalion
of his regiment, the 62nd Light Infantry,
on which occasion he was severely wounded
in the chest by a musket ball, which was
never extracted. He was sent home with
duplicate despatches of the battle of Sala-
manca and the capture of Astorga by the
S|>aniards, and with the despatches of Vera
and the entrance of the army into France.
During the campaig^i in the Netherlands
ho was aide-de-camp to the Prince of
Orange (the late King of the Netherlands),
and was present with him at the battles of
Qualre Bras and Waterloo. After the
Prince of Orange was wounded at Water-
loo, the carl joined the Duke of Welling-
ton's stafi' as aide-de-camp, and remained
with him during the rest of the campaign.
For his military services he had received
the silver war-medal and eight clasps for
Busnoo, Furntes d'Onor, Ciudad Rodrigo,
Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees,
and Orthes. He married, Ainil 10, 181
Lady Caiuline Piiget, eldest daughter
the late Field-Marshal tlie Marqnia
Anglesey, by his first marriage with La
Caroline Elisabeth Vlllien^ third daiigfa<
of Qeorge, fborth Earl of Jersej, and
succeeded to the dukedom on the 28th
August, 1819, on the dt-ath of his fatbi
who died from the effects of a Inte from
dog in Canada, of which dependency
was Governor-QeueraL
The deceased never attained higher rai
than that of lieutenant - colonel In t
army, but his attachment to his profiMsi<
was a marked feature throughout his lii
It was mainly owing to his constant ezi
tions that the Peninsular war-medal w
at last, on the Ist of June, 1847, acoorA
to the veterans of that great contest, ai
they marked their sense of his senrioes I
presenting to him a magnificent piece <
plate, with the following inscription : —
Presented, on June 21, 1861, the 381
anniversary of the Battle of Viitoria,
To HIS Gbaci
THE DUKE OF RICHMOND, LENNO:
AND D'AUBIGNY, K.G.
By the redpients of the War Medal, i
grateful remembrance of his long and u
wearied exertions in their behalf, as
token of admiration, respect, and efteei
from his humble Brethrmi-in-armB, wl
sucoeSiiAilly uded in «igfi*nding th«r iahfl
home throughout a long rad asnguinsi
war, in which they guued a series of r
splendent victories that led to the csptm
of Madrid, Paris, and Washington ; aw
finally, to an honourable and lastu
peace."
In 1812 Lord March oommenoed h
political career by entering the Hoow <
Commons for Chichester, which city 1
represented till he entered the Hoosr*
Lords. In politics, of late jean^ he w]
a supporter of the Earl of Derby and tl
Conservative party, snd he was a dete
mined opponent to the repeal of the eoi
laws. He had, however, sixteen jesrs b
fore, supported the Reform Bill ; he bd
the office of Postmaster-Gcnend in Es
Grey's Administration, snd formed one
the members of the Cabinet from 1830
1834; he also gave his support to Loi
Melbourne's Government On the Earl
IXrby taking ofllce as first Lord of tl
I860.] Obitvaky.— The Duke of Richmond, K.G.
667
Treasury in March 1852, the Duke of
Richmond was solicited to take office, but
declined the proffered honour, as be con-
ceived that Lord Derby could find a more
useful person in the conduct of public
affairs. The Duke was a most useful mem-
ber on the committees of the House of
Lords, and for many years devoted much
of his time to that service. If his speeches
evince little rhetorical adornment, they
were, nevertheless, clear, practical, and
pointed. His manner was pleasing, and
his readiness in reply and the firm grasp
which he retained of his subject generally
left him master of the field, even when op-
posed by a more highly finished debater.
The deceased nobleman was a zealous
agriculturist, was one of the founders of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England, and
had held the office of President of the
Royal Highland and Agricultural Society,
as well as of the Smithfield Club. He was
one of the princely supporters of the turf,
the annual rac^ at Goodwood Park afibrd-
ing scope for the display of his generous
hospitality, and by his honourable bearing
and frank manners on all occasions he had
cndcai-ed himstlf to a large circle of friends,
while both in England and in Scotland he
was esteemed by his tenantry as one of the
best of landlords.
His Grace was, with the exception of
the Marquis of Exeter, the senior Knight
of the Garter, having received that order
in 1828. He was Lord- Lieutenant, Gustos
Rotulorum, and Vice-Admiral of Sussex,
colonel of the Ro>al Sussex Artillery and
Light Infantry Battalions of the Militia,
(which hiH Grace had held from December
1819,) aide-de-camp to the Queen, High
Steward of Chichester, Chancellor of Ma-
rischal College, Aberdeen, and hereditary
Constable of Inverness Castle. On inherit-
ing the large estates of his maternal uncle,
tlie last Duke of Gordon, he assumed the
name of Gordon, by royal letters patent,
for himself and all his then surviving
issue.
" Upon his Grace's accession to the
Gordon estates in Scotland,'* says a local
l)a|)or, tlie " Banffshire Journal," "his first
care was to appoint an intelligent practical
agriculturljit, to re-arrange in some caacs.
and to enlarge in others ; to initiate and
superintend improvements in all parts of
the property where it might be found
practicable or even possible. And with
what success these have been effected, let
those say who were acquainted with its
general aspect then, and who know it now.
But improvements in agriculture, like
those in otber branches of industry, can
only be effected under certain conditions.
An available amount of capital, skill, and
enterprise are no less requisite on the
broad acres of the farmer, than on the
figurative and varied fields of commercial
enterprise, which demand the well-di-
rected energies of man for their profitable
culture. And here, in assigning the right
man to the right place, and, at the same
time, gratifying the wishes of all, was a
task which reason will allow to be beyond
the reach of man*s wisdom to accomplish.
It is consistent with our knowledge, that
the duties now referred to were neither
lightly undertaken, nor recklessly exe-
cuted; nay, it taxed the resources and
increased the solicitude of all concerned
to an extent beyond what was at the time
known or believed. And we may, we
think, now challenge for his Grace and his
manngers at the time, a verdict for a
degree uf impartiality and consideration
for the interests of aJI which, under the
same circumstances, have never been sur-
passed, if ever equalled.
'* lliriving plantations are now waving
over what were before cheerless wastes, and
extensive and effective drainage now re-
ticulates the substratum where the surface
water used to retard the labours of the
plough, chill the g^und, and render nuga-
tory the best efforts of the husbandman.
Fences where practicable have been rai>ed,
and belts of wood have been planted, which
afford an inviting shelter to the flock or
the herd, and a protection to the crops.
Substantial, elegant, and commodious farm
steadings have been raised without stint,
and a better class of cottages and gardens
now adorn the wayside all over his Grace's
domains. The natural beauties of the
landscape have bern tweutyfold enhanced,
and the traveller rejoices in the evident
tokens of happiness which he sees around
him.
"The property was divided into three
districts, and cattle -shows have been
annually held in each in torn; but the
benefits of the show in the respective dis-
tricts being open to all the tenantry,
the prizes — which, by the bye, we have
never heard were too small — have been, as
a matter of course, at his Grace's cost ;
and the many stranger^ whom ^ Grace
668
Obituary. — The Duke of Richmond, K.G.
[D.
on theae annnnl reunions welcomed to his
board along with his own tenantry, will
with thorn bear testimony to the joyous
and hospitable way in which all the pro-
cccilings were conducted on the part of
this kind-hearted hiiidlord.
" As a stock farmer, in Enj;lan«l, he has
always held the fi-remost rank ; and if, in
this part of the country, he has not always
been abreast of his Morayshire rivals in
everything, it was not, we are assured, that
he lacked the enterprise or wish.
"In the all-important matter of leasing
his farms and crofbs he has carefully
eschewed the plan of first sending them a-
bepging, and then tendering them to the
old te ant at the highest offer. Those
who have heard him speak on the su>»ject,
will not soon forget the indignation with
which he exposed such a policy. Tlie valu-
ations were made by his own commissioner,
and the fonncr occuimnt had the first offer ;
and, we need hardly say, that all have seen
it their interest to accept.
"As an instance of v^hat his Grace has
done, we may remind our readers of souie
facts stated by his Grace's factor for the
Strathl)ogie district of the estates, Mr.
M'Pherson, in the autumn of last year.
On that portion of his property alone his
Grace had then exiHinded, since the time
at which he had sueceedetl to the estates,
the sum of nearly forty thousand pounds
in its improvement. In that district there
are 1^9 tenants, 51 of whom pay a rent
above £100.
" In youth his Grace indulged in most
of those manly national sports which
char.(cterizi.> our young Knglish gentleman.
He was a keen cricketer, even after the
unfriendly 'ball* at Orthes ; wiut above an
average bhot, and rode well to hounds.
Although he liked a gooil 'bag' in the
fields as well as on the moors, his game-
preserving pi*openHities never betrayed him
into injustice towards those who might for
a time have suffered from its abundance.
We have never heard of a fair claim f r
damagts} being repudiateil, and it had l>c-
come almost a setthd rule in the North to
allow his Sp< y fishermen winter's s^wrt at
rubhitting with all the benefits resulting
from thi'ir lalM)urs, if a term so common-
place can be applie<l to a pursuit so
])leasing. His consideration for the aged
and intirm was trstified by the number of
those who, when other simrccs faileil, or
when their services luid cea-etl to be of
niarkctaMe value elsewhere, fnuuil emphiy-
ment in the gardens or fields about Gordon
C'a>t le, or perhaj)^ in endiavimrini; to guide
or restrain thf waywanlness of (h»' Sp«'y
in its downward jouri ey. And in Sussi'x
12
we find that be was prendent of an m
ciation one of the principal dijeets
which is the encouragement of agrical
ral labourers. To hia oiBciaU and meni
he was uniformly courteoas and kind, i
when a good opinion wai once Ikirly
tablished, it could not be easilj ahak
As regards his ffeneral interoonrse w
the world, in pcHitenesi and aifaibility
could not bo surpassed, whilst he m
tain«'d that dignity snd bearins thronich*
which effectiwlly repressed ^e encroa
monts of familiarity or ineolenoe.
" For worthy members of the militt
profession, of every grade, his Or
through life cherished the warmest afl
tion. Whilst, for instance, at his northi
ch&teau, Gordon Castle, where be spi
some of the happiest days of his deolini
years, who was a more welcome visitor,
more honoured guest, than oar fine <
Peninsular, Captain Fyfie f And when
was invited to moot an old campugoer
the ducal residence, his Qrace naed al'i
to stipulate for ' the flattened ballet a
the little target being there too.' 71
request is explained 1^ the singnlitr fa
that on one of the many occasions on whi
the Captain wss face to face with I
enemies in the Peninsula, his life was pi
videntially saved by the ballet ent<*ri
the outer casing of his watch, and sticki
fast among the machinery.**
For some months beforo his deoeeae (
Duke's health had occasioned mnch anii<
to the members of the family. In Angi
last he proceeded to Gordon Castle, \
was unable to participate in the sports
his friends, and the hopes that were cnt
tained that change of idr wonid pn
beneficial were not realised. He rvtarr
fh)m Scotland early in October in a si
weaker state, and at last sank under 1
disease, dropsy.
Ky his Duchess (who tarvives her hi
band) the Duke leaves Charke Hen
Earl of March; Lord Henxy Qordoo-Li
nox, M.I\ for Chichester; Lord Alexam
Gordon-Jjennox ; Lord George Gordt
Lennox, M.P. for Lymington ; Lady O
line Amelia, married to the Earl of Be
borough ; Lady August a Catherine, narr
to his Serene Highnev. Prince Ed«aid
Saxc Weimar; and I^ady Cecilia Catheri
married to Lord R ngham, cldt-st son
the Earl of Lucan. l^rd Fttxr-y Oc^
Gordon -Lennox, his Orace^s second i
WHS lost in the stisamer '•Picsideat"
•^
18G0.] Obituary. — The Earl of Dundonald, G.C.B.
669
1811 ; Lndy Lucy-Frances, the third dau.,
died in 1843 ; and Lady Amelia Frederica,
the fourth daughter, died in 1841.
The late Duke is survived by four bro-
thers, namely, Lord George; Lord William,
(the author of several popular works) ;
Ivord Sussex ; and Lord Arthur. One of
his Grace's brothers fell overboard from
tht* "lilake/* and was drowned, as she was
sailing into Port Mahon, 1812; and an-
other died at Chichester in 1829.
The new peer, who is sixth Duko of
Hichmond, was born Feb. 27, 1818, and
married, in 1843, Frances Harriet, eldest
daughter of Algernon Frederick Greville,
Esq., by whom he has three sons and two
daughters : — Charles Henry, now Earl of
March, born December 27, 1845; Lord
Algernon Charles, bom 1847; Lord Fran-
cis Charles, bom 1849 ; Lady Caroline
Elizabeth, born 1844 ; and Lady Florence
Aujiusta, l>om 1851. His Grace was for-
nurjy in the army, and was aide-de-camp
to the late Duke of Wellington and
A'iscount Hardinge. He has represented
Wtst Sussex in the House of Commons
from July 1841. In March, 1859, he was
apjiointed J'rcsident of the Poor -Law
J i card, and was made a Privy Councillor.
TiiK Eakl of Dundonald, G.C.B.
Oct. ?>0. At Kensington, aged 84, ITios.
('ochrano, tenth Earl of Dundonald, Ad-
inlnil of the Red, Rear-Admiral of the
Fleet, and an Elder Brother of the Trinity
House.
'J he deceased was the son of Archibald,
the ninth carl, by Anna, second daughter
ot Ca})t. Jan. Gilchrist, N.B., and was born
iit Annt>field, in Lanarkshire, the seat of
liis n»at«rnnl grandfather, Dectmber 14,
1775. His father had served in the army
jind in the navy, but had relinquished
1 otli, and devoted himself instead to scien-
titie investigation, which, though ulti-
Hiately i>rofi table to a high degree, strved
only to enrich others. The property of
the family had suffered severely in the
civil commotions of the seventeenth and
tighttenth centuries; what little remained
was nissipsited in expensive experiments
til t the Vmy\ had not business talent to
(iKM. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
conduct to an issue profitable to himself,
and, in consequence, the prospects of his
successor were of the most discouraging
description. ** My outset in life," he says,
in his "Autobiography of a Seaman,"
" was that of heir to a peerage, without
other expectations than those arising from
my own exertions." The youth always
evinced a predilection for a sailor's life,
and, according to a practice that then
prevailed, his uncle, the Hon. Alexander
Cochrane, placed his name on the books
of his ship, the " Vesuvius," when he was
only five years old, and continued it on
those of others, for the purpose of giving
him a few years' standing whenever he
might enter the service. His father, how-
ever, designed him for the army, and pro-
cured him a commission in the 104th
regiment of foot, at the same time as his
name was on the books of his uncle's ship.
At last the youth carried his point, and
joined the " Hind" frigate on the 27th
of June, 1793, being then in his eighteenth
year, and more than six feet high.
His reception on board, as narrated by
himself, waH not encouraging. Jack Lar*
mour, the first lieutenant, a tar of the old
school, took offence at the size of his chesty
and swearing that no young lord should
bring a cabin on board, he ordered it to
be sawn in half. But he soon became con*
ciliated, when he found the noble mid*
shipman had " no more pride in his heart
than money in his pocket," (he had been
equipped by a loan from the Earl of Hope-
toun,) and taking him under his especial
care, he made him in time a thorough
practical seaman. Lord Cochrane's first
voyage was to Norway, then he served on
the North American station, and became a
lieutenant in 1796, the time that hit name
had been on the books of his uncle's va-
rious ships standing him in good stead.
In 1798 he was taken as a supernumerary
to the Mediterranean by Lord Keith, was
afterwards temporarily appointed to the
*'Genereux," a captured French 74, and
next was made master and commander,
when the " Speedy," a sloop-of-war of
14 guns and 54 men, was given to him,
and though the veggel was, as he declares,
** the least efficient craft on the station,"
4l
670
Obituary. — The Earl of Dundonald, G.C.B.
[B
lu8 activity and energy were such, that
in the ten succeeding months he took
thirty -three vessels, carrying in all 128
guns and 533 men, besides assisting at the
capture of many others. For one of these,
the seizure by boarding of the Spmi:<h
frigate " El Gamo," 32 guns, oflF Barcelona,
on the 6th of Mtfy, 1801, he received his
commission as post-captain, dtited the
8th of August following. He also suc-
ceeded in cutting out a Spanish convoy at
Oropcso, lying under the protection of a
strong battery and numerous gunboats.
On the 3rd of July, however, the "Speedy"
was herself captured by the French squa-
dron under Admiral Linois. On this oc-
casion Lord Cochrane's courtige had been
so conspicuous, that, on presenting his
Bword to the Oiptain of the French 74»
Dessaix, it was returned to him, with the
request that he would continue to wear
what he had so nobly used. On the 6th
of the same month he was on board the
French squadron when attacked by Sir
James Saumarez in Algfsiras Bay, and
being soon afterwards exchanged, he re-
turned to England and went on half-pay.
When the war ogain broke out, Lord
Cochrane was, in consequence of perse-
vering applications for employment, ap-
pointed to the "Arab," 22 guns, from
which ship, after serving at the blockade
of Boulogne, he removed, December 8,
1804> to the "Pallas" frigate, 32, in
which, in the following year, he was sent
out with despatches to his uncle, Admiral
Sir Alexander Cochrone, at that time
employed in the blockade of Ferrol. Whilst
cruiHing o£f the Spanish coast in March,
1805, he made a considerable numlier of
prizes; among which was tho " Fortuna,"
from Rio de la Plata to Corunna, with
specie to the amount of £150,000, besides
a cousidtrable quantity of merchandise,
and as mncli of this was the private pro-
perty of tiie captain and the supercargo,
he iuduceil his officers and crew to join
him in making them a present of 5,000
dollars each. From this time to the year
1800 l^rd Cochrane was almost constantly
employinl on either the F^rench or the
Spanish coasts, where he cut out numerous
vessels, stormi^l batteries and burnt signal-
houses, and formed plana for deftnr
whole fleets at their anchorage. In
intervals that he paused on shore hi
canip M.P., first for Honiton, and a
wards for Westmisttnr, and he let hit
vigorously to work to eff«.-ct a reforx
naval abuses. Thoa he became obnoi
to the Admiralty, bat his reputation
such that he could not be lefl iinemplo
and at last, on his arrival from the 3d
terranean in the sprin^f of 18Ui), he
consulted as to a propost-d attack <
French fleet that had esciiped from Bi
These vessels had been long hhickadei
Lord Gbmbier in Brest, buL hud got
in a fog, and had been ch-iwed into
Basque -roads by Admiral Stopford.
Admiralty wished to have them deatro
but Lord Gambler deemed an attadi
them too hasardoos. Lord Cochrane
dertook the task with a number of I
ships, which on the night of the 11 ti
April did a great amount of daraagi
the enemy. The officers of the fleet «
naturally displeased to have a young <
tain placed over their heads, and the
miral was thought not to have soonn
Lord Cochrane as promptly as he mi
have done. The result was a ooart'ii
tial, before wbidi Lord Gambier deftro
himsi'lf to the satisfaction of his judge
not of the public, and was hononralJy
quitted. Lord Cochrane waa madi
Knight of Uie Bath, but he was " a mar
man," and, after givii-g farther oSiene
the Government, by various "inen
nient" motions in Parliauent^ he
superseded. Soon after this he lisi
Malta, where be had a long-standing qi
rel with the prize-court, the cfaargvi
which were so scandalonnly eaorbit
that the condemuition of priiee oi
cost more than tbey were worth,
active officers like Lord Cochrane fa
themselves mulcted in large ■oms
having done thdr duty and made c
turcs. He posseaid lumaelf by fbro
the ofiicial table of fees, whidi had I
hid away in a doset, at it did not nnd
a tenth of the charges made ; for thii
was committed to prison by the oonrt,
after a time he made his sie^w. He
turned to Englandf Mid bruoght Use i
/>
C72
Obituary. — The Earl of Cawdor.
[B
the sanction of the Crown. He is also un-
derstood to have suggested several valu-
able hints for the improvement of our
steam navy. During the late war with
Russia, his lordship wrote to various mem-
bers of the Government, offering to de-
stroy Sebastopol in a few hours, with per-
fect security to our own forces; but his
plans, after examination by a committee,
were rejected.
The personul appearance of the Earl
has been thus de«cribed : — " Fancy to your-
self a broad-built Scotchman, rather seared
than conquered by age, with hairs of snowy
white, and a face in which intellect still
beams through traces of struggle and sor-
row, and the marks of eighty years of
active life. A slight stoop takes away
from a height that is almost commanding.
Add to these a vision of good old-fashioned
courtesy colouring the whole man, his gcs-
tur«>8 and speech, and you have some idea
of the Karl of Dundonald in June 1855."
The Earl was honoured with a public
funeral in Westminster Abbey, which was
attended by one of his oldest political as-
sociates, I/ord Brougham.
The Eatil of Cawdor.
Nov. 7. At Stack]>oole Court, Pem-
brokeshire, nged 70, John Frederick Camp-
bell, Earl of Cawdor.
His lordship was born on the 8th of No-
vember, 17iK), and was tlio son of the first
Baron Cawdor, by his wife, the l^iidy Isa-
bella, daughter of the fifth Karl of Car-
lisle. He succeeded to the title June 1,
1S25, and WJI8 raised to the dignity of an
earl in 1827. On the 15th of September,
181(), he married Lady Elizal)etli Thynne,
eldest daughter of the then Manjuis of
Bath. A large family resulteil fVom this
union. His eldest son, ViM*ount Emlyn,
who Rucc(.'ed8 to the title, has represi^nted
renibrokeshiro in several Parliaments,
and nmrritHl, in 18^2, the Hon. Miss Ca-
vendish. The eldest daughter of the de-
ceased pj^r, Lmly Emily Caroline, is mar-
ried to the Hon. Octavius Duncombe, of
Wareslcy-park.
The late Karl was Lord -Lieu tenant and
Custos Botuloruni of Carmarthenshire,
a fi&inily trustee of the British Muse
D.C.L. and F.R.S. Thoagh hu lord
never took a prominent part in pu
matters beyond the limits of his
neighbourhood, yet he so efiectoally %
himself to all the duties of his station,
specially he ^d bo much in the wa;
cliurch restoration, that sonae notiei
what ho was as a landowner and cour
gentleman seems due to his eminent m
in these respects. He was constanti
be found in his place on the ma^istn
bench, and tlirough the winter his be
was a centre of hospitality for all
neighbouring rcudents, to a limit be
what is usually reckoned as tlie lin«i
demarcation for county society. Clcr
mon, medical men, and lawyers had
advantage of meeting at his table tb
from whose intercourse they could get
struction and help. If a stranger a
into Pembrokeshire on any matter of p
lie interest, he was sare of being invi
to Stackpoole. The churches in t
neighbourhood, though possessing remi
able architectural features, were ten t<
ago in a sad state of neglect, but in
contiguous parishes where L<^ Cav
had property, (Cboriton, St. Petroi,
sheston, CHistlcmartin, Warren, St. IW
nol's,) as well as at Gulden Qrovc, on
Carmarthenshire estate, he rebmlt
parish churches, reproducing their sr
tectural featun-s in more than their
ginal beauty. Perhaps, under the circ
stances, there was no way in which
expenditure of an equal sum could fa
done more to enrich and improve
neighbourhood. In one case, where
Sunday attendance had frequently fa
under ten, the congregation in the
stored church would more than ocr
the whole available space, so as to o^
flow at the door— not simply on aooa
of the restoration, bat because it was c
to find a zealous pastor for the new chv
in the place of the former curate. ^
useil to ride over from a distance tc
one service in the dilapidated fabric,
free hhnself, as soon as possible after
task was over, of his damp aenrice,
all recollection of his Sunday charge.
work of church restoratioa. u nughi 1
/•
18G0.] Obituary. — TJie Earl of Cawdor.— Earl Manvers, 673
been expected, proved infections in the
parishes (Angle and Carew) on either side
of Lord Cawdor's property. Lord Cawdor
took a first-class at Oxford in LitertB
JIumaniores, and had a choice library, of
which he made through life excellent use.
Eael Mantebs.
Oct. 27. At Thoresby-park, near Oiler -
ton, aged 82, Charles Herbert Pierrepont,
Earl Manvers, Viscount Newark, and
Baron Pierrepont of Holme Pierrepont, in
the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
The deceased was the second son of
Charles, the first Earl Manvers, and was
born Aug. 11, 1778. Ho at an early age
cnttred the navy, with the intention of
adopting that service as bis profession,
but, in consequence of the death of his
elder brother at the age of twenty-five, at
the request of his father be relinquished
the profession, after serving nine years.
Some years before succeeding his father as
earl, which he did in June, 1816, he sat
in the House of Commons for Notting-
hamshire, namely, from 1801 to 1816.
He married, August 23, 1804, Mary Lo-
titia, eldest daughter of Mr. Anthony
Hardolph Eyre, of Grove-park, Notts.,
(who died only a month before him,) by
whom he leaves an only surviving son and
two daughters, namely, Viscount Newark,
M.P.; Lady Mary, born March 16, 1819,
and married Aug. 21, 18 i5, to Mr. Edward
C. Egerton, M.P. j and Lady Aurora, bom
Sept. 11, 1822, and married Aug. 18, 1853,
to Mr. Charles Watkin Williams Wynn.
He is succeeded in the family honours by
his son, Sydney Wm. Newark, Viscount
Nt'wark, M.P., who was born March 12,
1H25, and married June 15, 1852, Mdlle.
(iL'orgiana, daughter of the Duke de
Coi^^ny. The present Earl was educated
at Christ Church, Oxfonl, where he gra-
du;it»d li.A. in 1846, and was appointed
Captain of the South Wilts Yeomanry
('jivalry in 1851, and in 1854 made a
Deputy-Lieutenant of that county. At
the general election in 1852 he was re-
turned to the House of Commons for that
c«>unty, which he has represented ever
si me, and which becomes vacant by his
elevation to the House of Peers.
The late Earl, whose charities were most
extensive, was, by his munificent benevo-
lence, chiefly instrumental in the esta-
blishment of St. Mary's Hospital in Pad-
dington, of which institution he was Pre-
sident, and be was a generous benefactor to
the Koyal Naval School. His lordship has
died immensely rich, having large landed
estates in the counties of Nottingham,
York, Derby, Lincoln, &e., together with
large possessions in London, the principal
portion of the city of Bath, and the patron
of fourteen livings. As a landlord. Earl
Manvers has been proverbially one of the
best in England, and, in consequence, for
a long period has been blessed with a
hap[)y and cx)ntented tenantry. The large
sums expended in permanent and other
improvements on his various estates added
greatly to his tenantry's individual suc-
cess and prosperity, whilst the r(^lar
employment of so large a number of work-
people has been productive of the greatest
benefits to the surrounding neighbourhood.
Such was the high respect in which his
Lordship was held in the neighbourhood
of his residence, that on Aug. 31, 1858,
a beautiful testimonial of esteem and re-
spect was presented to him on the cricket-
ground at OUerton, by the inhabitants of
that town and of the adjacent district, on
his lordship having attained his eightieth
year. But on Oct. 15 following, if pos-
sible a more gratifying testimonial was
presented to him, at Edwinstowe, by bis
numerous tenantry from various parts of
the country. This was a beautiful casket,
containing an address, and which was pre-
sented on behalf of the rest by Mr. W.
Dunn of Sheffield.
The ancient family of Pierrepont en-
joyed the titles of Earl and Duke of Eing^
ston, and Marquis of Dorchester, which
titles became extinct by the death of the
last Duke, in 1773. IVances, his sister,
married Mr. Philip Meadows. Of their
family of five sons, the second, Charlee,
(his elder brother, Evelyn Philip, being
disinherited,) succeeded by devise to the
estates of his uncle, the last Duke of
Kingston, after the death of bis Duchess,
on which event occurring ^^ took the
name of Pierrepont. He ^^ ^^ ^^^J»
671 The Bp. of Worcester.— The Rev. James Blade, M.A. []
■I I
1796. ra'sL'd to the peerage as Visooant
Newiirk and Baron Rerrepont, and was
created Earl Man vera in 1806.
The Bishop ot Wobcestxb.
Nov. 13. At Hartlebury Castle, aged
77, the Right Rev. Henry Pepys, D.D.,
Lord Bi-hop of Worcister.
The dcct'ased prolate was the third son
of Sir William Weller IVpys, by the eldest
daughter of the Right Hon. W. Dowdes-
well, and was bom in Wim pole-street in
1783. He was educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge, where he took the degree of
B.A. in 1804, and was subsequently Fellow
of St. John's College, Cambridge, where he
graduated M.A. in 1807, B.I), in 1814,
and D.l). in 1840; was Prebendary of
Wells from 1836 to 1840, and Rector of
Moreton, Essex, from 1822 to 1810, and
Rector of VVestmill, Hertfordshire, from
1827 to 1840. In the latter year he was
consecrated Bishop of Sodor and Man, and
was tnmsluted to the see of Worcester in
18-n. He marrii^ in 182-1 the tliird
duughterof the Right Hon. John Snllivan,
and granddaughter of the Earl of Buck-
inghamshire. In the House of Lords, ac-
cording to " Hansard," the Bishop spoke
but twice ; once in 18-18, agaiiist a peti-
tion from the Worcester Diocesan Society,
which complained of the obnoxioiis " man-
agement clauses;" and in 1849, in favour
of a petition from certain clergymen in
Scotland, who desired to be delivered i'rom
their allegiance to the bishops of the
Church in that counti-y. He voted for
the union of the sees of St. A8ai)li and
Bangor, (against Lord Powis's Bill for
the repeal of that union); for the en-
dowment of Maynooth; for the repeal
of the Corn Laws ; for the repeal of the
Navigation Laws; for the Jew Bill; for
the Divorce Bill. After this enumeration
it is hardly necessary to say that in reli-
gious matters his Lorcship was not what
is called a High Churchman ; but it would
be a mistake to suppose that he was in-
clined to the opposite extreme.
Thb Riv. jASfBS Slade, M.A.
[We comply with a request made, and
Insert the following Memoir in addition
to the brief notice that hai alread;
peared*.]
May 15. At the residence of his bn
(William Slade, esq., Crompton Fold
ton -le- Moors) »ged 77, the Rev. J
Slade, M.A., Senior Canoo of Chestei
Rector of West Kirby.
The deceased was the eldest son
clergyman of the same name and
and was bom at Daventry, Northani
May 2, 1783. Both fkthir and sou
educated at Emmanuel College, Cambi
and obtained fellowships on that foi
tion, the younger haying gradnati
1804, a year in which the future B
Kaye was Senior Wrangler, Monk, B
of Gloucester, seventh, and Mr. I
ninth on the list. Althongh he be
Tutor at Emmanuel, he did not re
any college living; but earlj in life
quiring the friendship of the late Bi
Law, whose daughter Augnsta he mai
in 18 1 2, to this connection he was indc
for his Church preferment^ which
never more deservedly or honoorabh
stowed than in this instance.
Having acted as examining chap
On which capacity he prodaeed his
work, two volames of annotations on
Epistles, designed for companion voln
and to be supplementary to BUey's 1
on the foor Gospels.) in 1816 his bi
appointed him to a prebendal stsl
Chester Cathedral, and in the fblkr
year to the extensive but poorlj endc
vicarage of Bolton-le-Moors. To tbfa
canonry was a mere set -oil; and aflb
the yoong vicar something like an adeq
recompense for the ardnoas lahoon \
which he entered in the prime of i
manhood, and anremittedly and catel
pursued until he had passed the tl
score yean and ten of man's psohatit
portion of the wealth of the monks oi
Werburgh serving as a seasonable su
to the ret angtutm of the impoveri
benefice of Bolton. And his ntentki
a second living along with hit canonr
always defended on the plea that he •
all he got at Bolton in the place. In
town he was best known and sppira
for one of the most jn^dou and p
•Gi=i.T.MAo.,Jul,,neo.p.»7.
^
4'
I860.] Obititary. — The Rev. John Parker, M.A.
675
taking, orthodox and efficient parish priesta
which oar day has seen ; and in it» with
the weight of an ever-aecnmnlating re*
sponsibility, 1^ may be tmly said th«t he
planned, and toiled, and i^ient % lilb for
the good of others. The originator of
many of the charitable and beneyolant in«
stitutions in this large town, he was ever
afterwards the presiding geoins in thdr
efficient management, and their generous
supporter. While verifying Herbert's d«-
scription of ''the parson in his oomplet*-
ness, who desires to be all to his parish,
and not only pastor, bat a lawyer ako and
a physician," in a qoasl'kgal mid medical
capacity alike he lored to be oonsolted in
any matter where his advice or judgment
would be of service to his poorer parish*
ioners; and for this purpose it waa hie
onstom to pass most momingt in hia U*
brary, to which all appHcaata were wel-
eomed with a doe share of attentkm and
civility. Night-schools, ringing* classes,
and the catechetical leetnre are iq^pliancea
of which the town pastor ui the present
day most avail himself, and in the direo*
tion of all these the late ^ear of Bolton
was a pattern to hia brethrsn who are
similarly ciroumstanced. On fimr eveninga
in the week he refosed any engagementa
which would take him from these bdoved
duties aqd devoted purtcnta. One anecdote
may suffice to denote the untiring energf
of the man. On the thurty-sevinth anni*
versary of hii indnetion to Bcltoa, the
writer heard him remaxl[, thai he bad
been absent from duty only ten Snadaya.
There are few such examplea of ministerial
devotion on record.
With what reenlts he hOxNired there is
abundant testimony, if only in the erectlca
and organisation of one of the largest
Sunday -schools in the kingdom i and hi
which, for the divine instmetlou which
they received ft'om his honoured lip% thon*
sands will have canst* to bleis Qod through
eternity. Indeed, it was qoite remarkable
what a repute the Bolton school had; bi«
shops, clergy, and people generally int»i
rested in the cause of edncatJon, coming to
see it, and to be made acqnainted with lie
management, while even in epieeopal
charges it was qtecially conuModed.
As a preacher, Mr. Slade was "plain
and practical," and with this title ap-
pended to them, seven volumes of his ser*
moos were given to the pubUe. If report
be tme;, they have done good service in
other pulpits berides their anthor^s; If so,
ladling his inimitable andeflbctive mamiflr,
it ia posnble they may have passed Ibr less
valuable iirodoetions than they reaQy are.
In addition to these discourses, he pub-
lished an npfauMtioii of the FnlsM^ (Us
favourite work,) and which has long been
on the list of the ChristSaB Knowledge
Society \ % very esceQent manual Ibr the
VisitatloB of the Sick, bow fat the sixth
editioB; and various other wietm writings
in the fbrm of lectures and oesaslonal ser-
I9CIIS. The kst of three, he preached and
prhited at the Bishop's request, cm ths
consecration of the new diunA at Bright-
mel, and which received the ceropttaiien*
taiy dcdicatkm of Ids Christian nasae (•■
another church had, years beAvsi of his
cdlege at Cambridge) In eonsldeMitloii of
a Uheral donvUon wUdi he nade^ and of
the deep rtepeet entertained te him*
Soon afterwards he resigBcd Bdton Ibr
the Lass es tanstive kbous of Us countiy
cure s iKit he was ones more to Mnm to
11^ to end his dsys where he had so lonf
and euceeeeftdly laboured. Romhis bio-
therms houses a4iscent to the new ehardi
In questlcn, his remains wwe homsb with
all the honour whidi could he paid witboul
pageantry and ostentation, in the preeenet
of two bishops^ a koge body ef the local
clergy, and great numbers ef suriuwlng
peoplec Monday the IMi ef May was
among the bright days ef this dull year»
aiid as the uncovered ssssmWsgi »tood by
the grave-aMe of the di-paiM^ whenre m
estenrive pro^ieot spSenas ovt over tho
town and distant moorsof the ffuW^ llMgr
could nol» hi their gomdne iOiiow ftr tho
deported, lUl to thfaik of thoeo IMoBf
hOxmit which had lUllofred hfan farto tlnl
hotter world wbeni <'Ui snn sholl no
mere go down."*
Tn Bit. Jour PASxn» M JL
A»$. 18. AtiheVicsrag^U«>-7*BMU
wen, Shrdpehfapo^ .ged 61,tlio B«r. J«fcn
BvlHr^ M JL« of 0^:^ CuHege, OiM, sbA
g;g
Obituary. — The Rev. John Parker^ ALA.
[I
of Swcoiipy-hall, near OswcBtrj-, Rural
Dian of Lluiigollen, and Vicar of Llan-y-
Blodwell.
John Parker, second son of Thomas
Netherton Parker, of Sweeney -hall, co.
Salop, to which estate he succeeded in
1854, was horn Oct. 3, 1798, and was
educated at Kton, and Oriel Collepje, Ox-
ford, where he took the degree of M.A.
and entered into Holy Orders. After a
I^robationary service at Knockin and More-
ton Chapel, he was instituted by l)r. Lux-
uioore. Bishop of St. Asaph, to the rectory
of I^lanmarewic, in Montgomeryshire, in
1827. For sixteen years he held this cure,
and during the whole of that period may
almost be said to have been buried in
oblivion, llcctory-house there was none,
and he was forced to live at a farm-house.
But in this retired district he lal)onred at
his church, adding to it a small but exceed-
ingly elegant tower, also a south porch,
and other architectural embellishments
as his limited means allowed. These were
the first results of a long previous appli-
cation to the study of architecture, and
although ho turned his mind to other
varied subjects, and attained a high i)ro-
fu'icncy in more than one, it is more eHi>c-
cially as connected with architecture that
we would desire to commemorate his
wofks.
In 1835, when a new church was alK}ut
to be erected in the neighb<mring town of
Oswestry, and, as is ofien the case, small
funds only were forthcoming to meet large
rccpiirenientK, he interested himself deeply
in the undertaking, and {;ave his all but
professional knowledge to the design. The
chancel and vaulted apse he entirely un-
dertook to build, and the radical difficulties
of a square interior have 1)een cleverly and
successfully overcome with a treatment of
rich ])endunt8 and wood- vaulting. To
those who are engaged in the building of
capacious churches with limited mcam*.
Trinity Church, Oswestry, will atft>rd an
interesting example of what may Ims ef-
fected. The cc»st was bttwi'cn £;3,000 and
£i,UOO, and it will contain about 8CH)
p('oi)le.
In 18-14 Mr. Parker was promoted to
the vicarage of Llau*y- Blodwell, in Shrop-
1.3
shire, a delightful ipot on the bul
the Tanat, and it ii here, the scene a
longest and latett laboura, that he hei
the greatest records of his art.
church, connstiDg of a small nare
north u&le, under two rooft. which su
years ago he found in a state of mc
homeliness, he has almost entirely h
grccs rchuilt at his own expense, and
his own designs. The windows at
south side present an example of the
plest tracery, and the north and west
are elegant adaptations of the Early \
lish style. The tower, an octagon
a domical spire 100 fL high, demandi
peculiar attention of the professional s
tect. luude, much consideration an
hour has been bestowed on chrcmati
coration; the altar-piece (carved i
years ago by his own hand) is richly
minated. The folisge and the st
painting throughout liave hecn most •
fully deugned and executed, and
wood-carving of the chancel-screen, L
put up, is an example of the very
Badnorshire wood-work. Xor sboul
omit to mention the galleiy at the
end, a beautifbl structure of wood
ported on stone pillara with wooden i
drihi, and thus converted into a gra
and pleasing accessor^*, instead of b
ss it usually is* an unsightly olgcct,
an obstacle to church restoration. Ai
time of his death Mr. IVu-ker was eng
in the re-pcwiig of the whole q<
church, which he hsd undertaken a i
time l)efurc the crmmencement of lu
illness.
AV-out two years ago he oomplel
new school and master's house; the
end of the former is a fine piece of s
tectural ccmpoBition. The lowest wii
is an exquisite design of flowing ttw
it exhibits an example of the round
flowing cosp, which latterly Mr. 1^
used almost exclusively in window o
iiigs, and which, from its great adTsn
in glaxing and security from ii^ury,
some day become more generally adi>|
Throughout the whole of the sc
huildingfl, ixccpt in tlua one part
plainest and severest forms of Early
lish have been closely fulkmed. The
/
I860.] Obituary. — The Rev. John Parker, M.A.
677
style has been carefully adhered to in the
alterations at the Vicarage. It was this
styU of the thirteenth century in England
which, modified according to the practical
requirements of the age, he always main-
tained was best adapted, both in construc-
tion and convenience, for the buildings of
the present day ; and it was the develope-
ment and modification of this style which
he set himself to accomplish.
Born, as he was, at a period when ar-
chitecture had reached its lowest state of
degradation, when church architecture
was unknown, and churches were uncared
for,— devoted from very early years to the
study of that art in which not less as a
craftsman than as a draughtsman he was
peculiarly skilled, — an intimate and friend
of earnest-minded Britton, he formed one
of that scattered few who sought by intense
study of the originals to regain the long-
lost principles of Gothic art ; and he lived
to see those principles acknowledged and
firmly established in the ecclesiastical ar-
chitecture of this country.
We have elsewhere termed his know-
ledge "all but professional." He never
himself pretended to the technical in-
formation of the professional architect;
but those who knew him best can tell
that in deep architectural feeling he
equalled, if he did not excel, any living
architect, and more than one member of
the profession has borne a generous testi-
mony to his talents and his knowledge.
Mr. Parker's love of plants and pro-
ficiency in botany almost equalled his
devotion to architecture, and his flower
landscapes not merely testify his love for
flowers, but the wondrous artistic skill
with which he pourtrayed them. Ten years
in succession he visited Snowdon and its
vicinity, whose picturesque beauties had
great attractions for him. Every year
furnished additional proofs of his great
powers as a draughtsman. Landscape
scenery, Gothic churches, and their in-
ternal decorations alike contributed to en-
rich his collections. He was no servile
imitator, but an original designer, and his
knowledge of the principles of his art was
only equalled by the facility of his exe-
cution.
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
One result of his frequent rambles
through the Principality appeared in the
form of a dialogue between three gentle-
men on a tour through North Wales,
which first came out in the "Cambrian
Quarterly Magazine," but which he pub-
lished in 1831 under the title of the
** Passengers ;" to which he added, in
illustration of an argument incidental to
the subject, a poem called "The Celtic
Annals," as a specimen of Greek versifica-
tion in the English lang^ge. The work
is illustrated by engravings from his own
drawings.
" Let me not be thought inconsistent,"
he says in the Preface, " when I advocate
the cause of Greek versification while I
shun classic allusions and become a parti-
zan of the Gothic architect. In matters
relating to mere language, the South shall
ever be my instructor; but for thought,
for knowledge, and architecture, I apply
to that beautiful home of the true faith,
my own native England."
This work was never continued, but
enough remains to shew the thorough
mastery which Mr. Parker had attained
over every subject which he undertook ;
and the most casual reader cannot fidl to
remark the brilliancy of his imagination
and the playfulness of his wit.
The last years of his life he passed in
comparative seclusion, devoted to artistic
and literary pursuits, and the duties
of his profession. The building which
he daily superintended, and the state
of his health, never very strong, kept
him from moving much from home; in
receiving friends, however, his hospi-
tality was unbounded, and notfamg gave
him greater pleasure than thus enjoying
the society of those who visited him. But
few knew his wonderful talents, or were
aware of the extreme sennbiHty of his
mind ; fewer still could appreciate the
very rare refinements of that mind and
the originality of that genius.
Mr. Parker was local secretary of the
Cambrian Archssological Association, in
whose Journal* will be found a striking
testimony to his taste, his sdence, and
• Aroh£Dologia GambreDsU, Series in. No.
zxiv. p. S17.
Obituary. — John Pechell, Eaq,
bia leuiiiDg. Such gifla as these, rare in
thdr Beponttu eicellence, but wonderful
in th«ir combinsUoa, belonged to the
•ound divine, tbe profooud ccholar, nnd
tbe good man, u well u to tbe excellent
antiquary, tbe flniabed artiit, and the
acieutific architect whose death it ii our
painful tAflli to bave to record.
WujJAn Hewitsos, Esq.
Oct. 28. In Cambridge-temce, Hjde-
park, William Hewitson, Esq., late Com-
misBOTy-Qeneral.
Previously to lui ontering the Com-
miasiuiat in 1S06, he wu a midibipman
in the East India Company's Marine, and
was present, in 180^ on board the " Earl
Camilen," Commodore Dance, in tbe me-
morablo action and repnbe by the China
fleet of the French squadron, under Ad-
miral Limui, off tbe Straits of Bingapom.
In 1806, at the taking of the Cape of
tiood Hope, be rectived a severe contusion
when In eoDHDand of a boat landing troopi
in Lospardo-bay, and he snbaequontlj was
present with a party of leHmen at the
bnttle of Blueberg. In 1811-12 he served
on the frontier, in Commissariat charge,
with tbo force ander Colonel Grabain,
employed in expelling tba Kaffirs from the
Zeurfcldt. In 1814-15 bo served with
tbe army in North America, and, on the
terminution of bostilitieii, on a special
mission in the United »U(«s. His last
lutive service was with the army of occn-
pation in Frano).
John l*itcnBLL, Eiq.
Nov. 5. At Hull, aged 68, John Pe-
dicll, Esq. J.P., of KingHton -upon- Hull,
and of Ouilderoy-bouee, Derbyshire, elde«t
son of tbo late Samuel Pccbel), of Wain-
flcFt, wliose death is mentioned in the
Obituary of this Magazine for Jan. 1797.
Hie liiuiily name bus been apelt in
variona ways, among others, " Pechell,"
"I'ccccl!," "Peaehell," and "Potcbell,"
A Peccell, according to tbe Battle Abbey
lloll, wjs among tbe noblemen and gen-
tlemen who accompnnied Duko William,
and from private documentary evidence
it appears that so long ago as tbe time oT
lUcbard Cocur-de-Uon, tbe nis
Peacbley, in the eonnty of Worceal
among the poweanonB of this firniil;
garding this manor, Naah, in his
tiona fi^ the " Uiitory of WarcMt«
says, " The old lords of thia muxi
first, David de Pechell. and hU Bon
laa de Pechell. About 30 Edward 1
Prior of Worcerter, with Vb» ooi
the convent, granted toNicholaade
ton, and his heir^ dto., Um wkrdahi
hcor of Nicholas, David de Fectu
whom this manor belonged, by tl
of John, the wn of tha laid Nichol
if tbe said John died witbia ag
they granted lum the warddilp o
anl Walter, the aona of Josui u
garet, danghtcn of Nicholu Dari
About the nuddle of the aer*
century Mr. Pechell'a mors im
ancestors reuded in tbe county at 1
and suffered ecmaiderably in th
struggle for dvil and leliKuma
See "Be«e's Snfferinga of the
called Quakers," &C.
The Ur. FeeheU whoae death wi
was bom at Wainfleet, Jmte 6tl
He was for many years an eniiiin
merchant, and was named In 1B37
Lord CbanoelloT, one of the Tnu
certain charity estates and prop
Hull and the neigbboorhood. I
he was ^pirinted a Justice of the
and he served the olDee of Sharlfl
town tod county of Hull in tl
iaia-4.
In early lifb Mr. Fediell took gi
light in field sports, «M an »»"»nt
aerow conntrj, and could leap on
yards on level gronnd. Sinoa 1
baa osually rended a part of ea^
Matlock in Derbyshire, on his eatAt
be indulged in boilding and lai
gardening, and when in ISM the E
Queen AdeWde wu b DarfajsU
alter visiting his groond^ cdled
hous^ complinwnted Um ob tb
taste be bad displajped, and expn
strong terms the great
derived ftam her vint.
Mr. PechcU loarried. In ISia,
Wegener Palethorpe^ by whom b
iasoe one son and two
; -^
I860.]
Mr. Alderman Wire, — Clergy Deceased,
679
Alfred Henry Pechell, is a barrister on
the Northern Circuit.
Mb. Aldebman Wibe.
Nov. 9. At Lewisham, aged 58, Mr.
Alderman David William Wire, Lord
Mayor of London in 1858-9.
He was the son of a baker at Colchester,
where many of his relatives still reside.
He came to London to push his fortunes,
at a very early age, and entered the office
of Mr. Daniel Whittle Harvey, the City
Commissioner of Police, but at that time
in practice as a solicitor. There he made
the acquaintance of a Mr. Dixon, now
deceased, then an articled clerk, and the
son of a licensed victualler. On that gentle-
man starting business on his own account,
Mr. Wire articled himself to him as a clerk,
and eventually, some thirty - five years
ago, became his partner. For many years
the firm conducted their business in St.
Swithin's-lane, and rose to considerable
repute. The father of Mr. Dixon was a
man of consiJeruble influence among the
numerous and wealthy body of licensed
victuallers, and through the connection so
formed Mr. Wire became intimately iden-
tified with them. Ou the death of Mr.
Dixon, the business was carried on alone
by Mr. Wire for some time, until on being
appointed Under-sheriff to Sir James Duke,
twenty-five years ago, he entered into part-
nership with Mr. Child, whom he had
known from boyhood, and which subsisted
until his death. From that time he began
to take an interest in civic matters, and
eventually, on a requisition signed by
almost every elector of the ward of Wal-
brook, in which he lived, he became a
candidate for the vacant aldermanic g^wn,
and was elected under drcumstanoes flat-
tering to himself. He subsequently at-
tained the dignity of chief magistrate, but
was almost immediately afterwards seized
with an attack of paralysis, consequent, it
was said, upon the excitement produced
by the occasion on a nervous tempera-
ment, and from which he never wholly
recovered. He was in London so recently
as Monday, Nov. 5, and took part in the
transaction of some civic business, but on
the same night he was the subject of a
GiNT. Mao. Vol. CCIX.
second attack of paralysis, under which he
gradually sank. At one time Mr. Wire
aspired to a seat in the House of Com-
mons, and with that view contested the
representation of Boston and of Gieen-
wich, in which he is said to have expended
a considerable sum of money.
CLERGY DECEASED.
Kov. 13. At Hartlebury Castle, aged 77, the
Rt. Rer. Henry Pepyst D.D., Bishop of Worcester.
See Obituary.
June 4. On board the "Yimeura/* AuBtralian
vessel, after a short illness, the Rev. jF. Oee,
B.A., Jesus College, Cambridge, son of the late
Rev. Walter Gee, Rector of Week St. Mary.
Aug. 13. At Llan-y-Blodwell, the Rev. John
Parker. See Obituaby.
Oct. 15. The Rev. J. E. Trench^ Reetor of
Keninare, and Dean-Rnral.
Oct. 23. The Rev. Hwratio Neilson^ Rector of
North Witham, Lincolnshire.
Oct. 27. At his residence, Castle-hill, Reading,
aged 76, the Rev. Walter Levett.
Nov. 1. At CUfton, near Bristol, aged 65, the
Rev. Edward Carua-Wilson, M.A.. formerly
Vicar of Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland,
third son of the late W. W. Cams- Wilson, esq.,
M.P., of Casterton-hall, Weetmoreland, and
brother of the late Rer. William Canu«- Wilson.
The Rev. Frederick Woodward^ Curate of St.
Philip, Clerkenwell, and fourth son of the late
J. Woodward, esq., of Stret le Framfleld, Sussex.
Nov. 2. At Heston, aged 61, the Rev. Earring-
Urn Jamea JHrnmer, B.A., Domestic Chaplain to
his Grace the Duke of Sutherland.
At Inns of Court, St Bees, the Rev. John Ibx,
M.A., Perpetual Curate of Hale, Cumberland,
and formerly Head Master of St. Bees Qrammar-
school.
Nov. 4. At St. Leonard'B-on-Sea, aged 73, the
Rev. William Eamsden, Rector of Ashorst, Kent,
and Linwood, Lincolnshire.
Nov. 5. In Avenue-road, Regent's-pk., aged
83, the Rev. Philip Le Ereton, M.A., formerly
Rector of St. Saviour's, Jersey.
Kov. 6. At Bath, the Rev. Charlea Tote, HA.,
Vicar of Hdlme-on-Spalding Moor, and late Dean-
Rural of West Harthill, Yorkshire.
Nov. 9. At Broadway, aged M, the Rev.
Thomaa Dode^ Rector of Broadway with Bin-
combe, and a magistrate of the county.
Nov. 10. Aged 55, the Rev. Menry Molda^
wortht M.A., Rector of Fishtoft, Lincolnshire.
yoo. 11. At Bamsley, Yorkshire, aged 29,
the Rev. CharleM Edward Dykea^ Curate of St.
Mary's, Bamsley, and brother of the Rev. Pre-
centor Dykes, of Durham.
Nov. 13. At Taplow, the Rev. Ahraham
Touldon, Rector of Hedsor, Bucks.
Nov. 16. At the Vicarage, Westow, the Rev.
William Taylor Wild, B.D., 27 years Vloar of
the parish, and late Lecturer of St. James's,
Clerkenwell.
4H
G80
Obituary.
i ■
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■ yov. 18. In Upper Soymour-st., Portraim-iiq.,
suddenly, aped 34, the Kev. Osmond Dtring,
Rector of Edworth, Beds., youngest son of the
lato Cholraelcy Dering, esq., of Chapel- street,
Gro8venor-sq.
At Great Yarmouth, aged 55, the Rev. Samuel
Wm. Bull, M.A., Rector of Stoke-Ash, Suffolk.
At Rydo, I«lc of Wight, the Rev. Richard
Shuttey M.A., Rector of Hlph Halden, Tenterden,
Kent, and Minor Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral.
iN'ov. 20. By hi* own hand, the Rev. John
Warbitrion, M.A., Head Master of the Hipper-
holme Grammar School, Halifax.
DEATHS.
ABRANGED IN CHBOXOLOOICAL ORDER.
Aiiff. 0. At Ea«t Brixton, aged 69, Fanny,
widow of Admiral Iinpey, and only chUd of the
late William Cazal, e^q.
At Dunedin, Otago, age<l 75, WillUm Cargill,
esq., formerly Capt. in the 74th HighUinders.
and late Superintendent of the Province of Otago,
New Zealand.
Sept. 8. At Falaiiw, M. de Mercey, who, as a
writer, was known as the author of a •• History
of the Fine Arts," beride» being a contributor to
the Artiste, and the Herue des deux Mondes^
while he was also distinguished as an artist,
and produced several landscapes and marine
pleteM, the scenes of which were chiefly In
Central Italy or the north of France.
Stpt. 20. At Pliso, in Prussia, quite suddenly,
immediately after sajing mass, Mgr. Bogedaisi,
Bp. of Hebron, and coadjutor Bp. of Breslau.
Sept. 23. At Cuddapah, Madras Presidency,
Helen Isabella Robina Smith, wife of Robert
DnWdHon, esq.. Civil Service.
Sept. 28. At Ahmedabad, Major-Oen. A. Wood-
bum, C.B., Col. of the 25th Regt. Native Light
Infantry, and in comnuind of the northern
division of the Bombay Army. General Wood-
bum was of the season of 1820, and had seen a
good deal of active i«ervice.
Srpt. 30. At Geneva, aged 7G, Camilla, widow
of the Rev. Kdward Player, and eldest dau. of tbe
late Jaincit Sloper, esq., of Bath.
At Jowra, near Asseerguhr, of Jungle fever,
Mr. Alexander Sanderson, C.E., of the G. I. P.
Railway.
Oct. 1. At Calcutta, Dr. Buist, a native of Scot-
land, but long resident in India. He was the son of
the Rev. J . Buist, of Tannadyce, and had been con-
necte<l with various Scottish papers, but he was
best known to English readers as the editor of
the "liombay Times," a Journal which he raised to
the fln«t position in the press of India. A dis-
agreement with the proprietary on a subject
which was much discussed at that time in the
presidency, led to his secession from that news-
paper, when he was appointed editor of a new
Journal named the ** Bombay Standard," which lo
much affected the pecuniary interests of the Times
that the proprietors were glad to bring about a
compromise, and after some negotiations they
settled the feud by amalgamating the two news-
papera under the title of the '« Bomtej Ti
Standard." l>r. Buiat thm retired from <
Ufe, and proceeded to the Bengal pre
where, it U said, he had Jnct beeo aelect
an important post in the Indian eivil aer
In Namaqua-land, South Afrioa, aged
Wm. Gibson, yonngeat eon of the late
Gibson, esq., High Shield, Hexham.
On board H.M.S. " Icama,*' in the Wea
of yellow fever, aged 30, Lieut. R. J.
B.N., son of the Rev. T. Cox, Rector
cote, Leiceaterahire.
Oct. 9. At Brighton, aged SS, Fred. 3
Heath, eldest ion of the late Capt. O.
Madras Army.
At Teddington, MMdleae», a«ed 79,
Rich, esq.
At New Amaterdam, Berbioe, a«ed !
Anna, wife of John M'Swinney, eaq., Sti
Magistrate.
Oct. 4. At Philadelphia, aged 8S, Ri
Peele, an eminent American painter. 1
oelebruted picture is ** The Court of Di
which are represented, mnch In the atyle
the various foima of mortality.
Oct, 5. At Castle-hooae, Calne, i
Georgiana, relict of J. H. Arnold, caq.
formerly of LinoolnVinn-fielda.
Oct. 8. After a short illneaa, at Pal
hoard H.M.'a ship «• Creasy,'* aged ll»,
•on of Rear-Admiral BusaeU Eliott.
At Bristol, suddenly, Snsannah, wide
Rev. C. F. Beichel, and laat aurriTing
the late Rev. John Sharrer, Mcar of <
Lincolnshire.
Oct. 10. At his rcaidenee, St. Johi
aged 82, Edward Amies, esq.
Aged 08, Helen, widow of Jamea
esq., of Great Bowden.
Get. 11. At Danham, aged 76, EaUw
the Rev. H. Packard, Ineomhcnt of S
and Westleton, Snifolk.
Oct. 12. In London, a few daya \
arrival frimi India, Lieut. John Lorimn
of n M.'b Indian Azmy, Bengal Eatabl
younger son of the late Slnum flaweia
Dunbar, fonneriy Commiidoner of Ka&d;
In Mecklenbarg-«|., aged 87. Capt
R. Simpson, of MerUanda, Perthahlra,
of the Austrian lervloe.
Anna, wife of the Rev. VilUam Bi
Rector of Alpbington, near Exeter.
At the New-hooae, Polatead, aged g^
Bouttell, eaq.
At Market Raien, aged 78^ John Ma
The deceased was the repreaentetlTa of i
oldest Roman CathoUfl Camillea In Linei
On board the ** Seine,** off St. Thoni
return to England, Lt.-Oal. CMand Cui
H.B.M.*s ConMil at Tavpieo, bmob
Joseph Cumberlege, eaq., of Bo«haj.
was conveyed on ahore and hurled will
honours, the Consala of the different ni
the officers of the ahipa In port attei
eeremony. The deeeaacd had aarred
as Consul at Tampieo» and died a Tkti
unhealthy cUaaCe.
I860.]
Obituary.
681
At Black-river, St. Elizabeth's, Jamaica, aged
33, James Christopher, eldest son of James Gale
Senior, esq., of Richmond, Surrey.
Oct. 13. At Waterhouse, near Bath, aged 40,
Elinor, wife of D. West, esq., and only surviving
dau. of the late George Kirkpatrick, esq.
Oct. 14. At Cnckfleld, Sussex, aged 70, Ann,
widow of J. JefFery, esq., second dau. of the late
J. Bacon, esq., Bermondsey and Peckham,
Surrey.
At Mere, Wiltshire, aged 92, Mr. W. Wilton.
At Gosforth-house, near Newcastle, aged 72,
William Smith, esq. He was one of the most
eminent shipbuilders in the kingdom, as well as
one of its most successful shipowners. His father
was an alderman and a leading member of the
Newcastle corporation in his day, and served the
office of Mayor of that town, on more than one
occasion. The deceased leaves an only son.
At ALx-en-Provence, aged 29, Charles Rash-
leigh Williams, esq.
Oct. 15. At Linden-villas, Camden-road, aged
60, Sarah, wife of William Stent, esq., of H.M.'s
Custom House.
Suddenly, aged 77, Elizabeth, relict of Major
Pardoe, of the Shrubbery, Northfleet, Kent.
At Headingley-hill, near Leeds, aged 77, John
EUershaw, esq.
Oct. 16. At his residence, Blackheath, aged
73, Edward Eagleton, esq.
Aged 102, Mary May, of Outwell, near Wis-
beach.
At Llandudno, Lucy, wife of John Bingham,
esq., of Derby.
At Brighton, Catherine, relict of Joseph Staple-
ton Sullivan, surgeon, Bengal army.
Oct. 17. At Norton Vicarage, Norfolk, (the
residence of his son-in-law, the Rev. Joseph
Geo. Jessep,) aged 70, Colonel Henry Anderson.
At his residence, Euston-sq., James Rutherford
Laurie, esq., of Laurieston, Glasgow, and Mont-
ford, Bute, N.B.
In Tork-road, Brighton, aged 77, Sophia, dan.
of the late Dr. Haultain, Rector of Weybridge
and Eastham.
In Ilarley-pl., Clifton, Bristol, aged 82, Thomas
Hnrraer Sheppard, esq.
In Ladbroke-sq., Notting-hiU, Helen Sophia,
relict of George Weller Poley, e«q., of Boxted-
hall, Suffolk.
At the residence of her brother-in-law, (J. H.
Heath, esq., Audlem,) Eliza, eldest dan. of the
late M. Johnson, esq., Whiston, Yorkshire.
At Bank-top, Darling^n, aged 86, Mary, relict
of Mr. John Johnson, late of Croft Mill. She
was the mother of fourteen children, ten of
whom survive her.
At Topcliffe-common, aged 75, Mr. Kidson, for
many years tenant farmer and bailiff to the late
Earl of Egremont and the present Lord Leconfield,
on their Topcliffe estate.
At Grantham, near St. Catherine's, Canada
West, aged 72, Samuel Wood, esq., formerly of
the FieM Train Department of H.M.'s Ordinance.
At Secunderabad, aged 56, Major-Gen. Thos.
David Carpenter, Madras .\rmy.
Ort. 18. At Aylesbury, aged 70, Arabella, eldest
surviving dau. of the late Rev. Wm. Goodall, of
Dinton-hall, Bucks.
At Lindfield, Mrs. Byass, wife of Francis Byass,
esq., of Cuckfield.
At South Shields, aged 93, Mr. Wm. Hudson,
formerly a sergeant in the 52nd Regt. He was
with Sir John Moore when that officer was
killed at Corunna, and was one of the six who
buried him.
Aged 56, Henry Nathaniel Byles, esq., of Kel-
vedon, Essex.
Aged 60, Edward J. Green, esq., formerly
a solicitor of York.
In St Giles's, Oxford, aged 97, Sophia Hughes,
dau. of the Rev. Edw. Hughes, formerly Rector
of Shenington, Gloucestershire, and Vicar of Rad-
way, Warwickshire.
At Worgate, near Wareham, Capt. H. Richard
Sturt, R.N.
Oct. 19. At Twickenham, Elizabeth, wife of
Searles V. Wood, esq.
In Bolsover-st., Portland -pi., aged 44, Fanny,
wife of Robert Roper, esq.
At her residence, Hill-house, Southwell-st.,
Bristol, aged 66, Rabecoa, widow of Joseph Ball,
esq., of Plymouth, and dau. of the late Joseph
Reynolds, esq., of the Royal Fort, Bristol.
At her residence, Kensington-place, Bath, aged
68, Mrs. Skeate, widow of the late Philip Skeate,
esq., of Eagle-house, Batheaston.
At Barton-le-street, aged 78, Alice, relict of W.
Borton, esq., late of Pickering, and youngest
dau. of the late William Key, esq., of Musley-
bank, near Malton.
In Penton-place, Kennington-road, aged 76,
Clarissa, relict of M. Agar, esq., late of Great
Yarmouth, and last surviving dan. of the late
E. Walter, esq., formerly Coroner for Middlesex.
Aged 56, James Amott, esq., of the firm of
Messrs. Cater, Amott, and Chater, solicitors,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
At Ramsgate, aged 46, F. Swatman, esq., of
Lynn, late Collector of H.M.'s Customs at the
former port.
At Ryde, Isle of Wight, aged 69, Diana, widow
of John Smallpeice, esq., formerly of Guildford,
Surrey.
Oct. 20. At Tunbridge Wells, aged 44, Rd.
Turner, esq., surgeon.
Aged 106, Mr. Daniel Muirhead, of Tyne-
castle, near Edinburgh. He retained all his
faculties almost till the Tery last, and daring
his lifetime he had scarcely ever had a day's ill-
ness. In the early part of his life he followed the
trade of a blacksmith, bat he had lived in retire-
ment f^om business for upwards of seventy years.
Aged 76, H. Corwen, esq., of Workington-hall,
Cumberland, and Belle Isle, Windermere.
At St. Leonard's, of oonsomptioa, aged 33»
Caroline Matilda Bowie, niece of the late John
Finlaison, esq., of Lansdowne-ores., Kensington*
park.
Oct. 21. In Dublin, at the reridence of George
Frederick Hardy, esq., Ellen Barbara, wife of
Richard Le Lievre, esq., of Guernsey, youngest
dau. of the late Jonathan Patten, esq., of Hales-
hall, Staffordshire.
683
Obituary.
IP
•
I
I
¥ '
■1
I '
I
J' ;
( I
In Portland-pl., the Duke of Richmond. See
Obituary.
At T}ildjn Helen, Carnarron, aged 85, Elixa-
beth, wife of John Button, esq., and dau. of
Wm. MaUn, e«q., of Park-Aeld, Darley, Derby.
Aged 47, Surab, wife of 8. Bottomley, esq.,
of the Royd, Rippondcn, near Halifax.
Oct. 22. At Omaburgh-terr., Kegent'a-park,
aged 64, Mary Ann, wife of the Hon. W. E.
Cochrane, late Major 15th HusHra.
At the Terrace, Northfleet, Kent, aged 78,
William Pitcher, e»q.
In Pierrepont-et., Bath, at an adranced age,
Catherine, the wife of Henry Underwood, eeq.
Oct. 23. At Whitllebury-lo<lgc, Northampton-
shire, Harriet I^y Southampton. She was the
only dau. of the Hon. Henry Fitxroy Stanhope,
second son of the second Earl of Harrington, and
was cousin of the present enrl. The deceased
lady married, February 23, 1828, Ix>rd South-
ampton, but does not leave any issue.
At Litchurch, aged 64, J. Moss, esq.. Alderman
of Derby. Mr. Moss was an advanced Liberal,
and largely idcntiAed with the cause of political
and social reform. He had taken from its eom-
meiioemcnt a very active share in tbe operations
of the National Newspaper Company, and was
deeply interested in the arrangementa which
led to the amalgamation of the **8tar** and
** Dial ** as one newspaper. — Star.
At High Leigh, near Knutsford, fh)m the fkll
of a tree, aged 28, Thomas Coats Cane, agent to
O. Cornwall Leigh, Esq., M.P., and third scm
of the Rev. Thos. Coats Cane, of Brackenhurst,
near Southwell, Notts.
At his residence, York-road, Brighton, aged
67, Henry Leech Quilter, esq., formtrly surgeon
at Southminster, Essex.
At the residence of bis father, aged 86, That.,
eldest pon of Edward Dodd, esq., Warwick.
At Wrek-green, Froxfleld, Haata, aged 76,
Richard Steele, esq.
At Caterham, aged 81, Mary Emma, wifb of
Henry Hall, esq.
At his residence, Park-eres., Brighton, Edw.
William Austin, esq.
At her residence, Lansdowne-terr., Chelten-
ham, aged 81, Bridget, relict of Thomas John
Parke, esq.
At York, aged 68, Mr. Thomas Bamley, of
Chapter-house-stroet. The deceased leaves a
large family, including seven sons, all of whom
are in the musical profession. Three of tbcm
hold api)ointments respectively in the choirs of
Westminster Abbey, in the Chapel Royal, Wind-
sor, and in Hereford Cathedral ; one is organist
at Montreal Cathedral, another ia located at
Reading ; and the two other sons are professors of
music and organists in their native city of York.
Oct. 24. At her residence, Aldred-st., Creecent,
Salford, aged n!t, Mrs. Elisabeth Morse, formerly
of Smalley. She was a descendant of the Parlia-
mentary General, Sir WUliam Waller.
At Edinburgh, after a long and painful ilb&ess,
Mr. Edmund Glover, eldest son of the late cele-
brated actress, Mrs. Glover, and for some years
past maniiger of the Theatre Royal, Glasgow.
At NorbitoD* KingitMi-
Emily Hamilton, yonogMt dan. of i
BeU.
At BrightoB, of diphtheria, affvd SI
8. Tickell, Bengal Anny.
Oct. 25. At Brompton, agted 35, E
of Benjamin Wilford, caq., mad ddi
Mr. Bates, organitt of Rtpon Cathedra
At WonatoB Beetory, Hants, tha ho
father, the Rev. Alex. DaUaa, Jane
wife of the Rev. FraaeU Payne Sejnu
of Havant.
At Morden, Sorrey, aged 7S, Capt. M
R.N., K.H., inventor of the Mark
Prison Discipline, and the anthor of n
and papers on that sntdeet.
At Brighton, aged 84, Sarah, rdlct
Gould, esq., of Petworth, Sntaez.
At Paris, aged 80, the I>ake Decaae
flftvourite Minister of Loois ZVIII.
bom in September, 1780, at Libonn
Oironde, oame to Paris, to study thi
laid the foundation of his fortune by i
with tho daughter of Count llarairc,
sident of the Court of PsisetUei Be
councillor In the Imperial Conrt, and i
private seoretary to the EmpresMiotta
the restoration of the Bourbons he at o
them, and remained fsithtal to their ca
their temporary overthrow ia 18IA.
battle of Waterloo he repaired to Pari
sumed, on his own anthority, the post
of police, by whidi he did food scrviei
taining the tranquillity of the capil
gained him tbe ooafldenee of Loois X^
eontinued him in oflBee, but brine • ni
moderate man, hebceame oboogjosae to
ment partiMns on both lidee. The Be
accused him of mereUess emelty, whUs
Royalists eomplsined that he was too li
screened many of thdr opponents. He,
kept his place near tbe king, and wi
peer. In 1818 he resigned the poitlblia
and became Minister of the Interior, i
tually President of the Cooneil, hot 1
struggle with erer^neressiag dUBeultl
last the king was obliged to part i
though not until the MlnMar had Impla
do so, for the sake of peaee. ILDeaaaei
sent for a time as ambassador to Ea|
in 18S1 he retamed, and took aeeaapln
in the Chsmber of Peers, when he
in the oppo^thm to the vawiee pntee
Charles X. end his niiniilers» thongl
grestly afflicted by their sabeeqaaat oi
He, however, rstaned to tlia Gteabei
after a time, and contlnacd an aettve
until tbe ReTolatkm of 1848 diova
vate liflB. He took no part fai eabaeqi
tbe ranooor that had ben
gradually died oat, and Ms :
by a large eooeoone of endaant MSB o
ties. Through a sseond aiaiiiege. i
beesme eonaeetsd wiA the late
of Nssaaa-Saarbnwk, sad he
King of Denmark the title of Ike Dnka •
berg, which is now borne by hia
I860.]
Obituary.
683
has attained to distinction in diplomatic em-
ployments.
Oct. 26. At Clifton-honse, Cheltenham, Ellen,
youngest dau. of Nevill Browne, City Marshal.
In Portland-sq., Bristol, aged 43, Ann, wife
of the Rev. Henry Quick.
At Peamore-ter., St. David's, Exeter, aged 60,
Mary Anne, relict of the Rev. John Clarke, M.A.,
Rector of Clayhidon, Devon, and second dau. of
the late Robert Gardiner, esq., of Wellesford-
house, Somerset.
At Deal, aged 53, George Myers, esq.
Aged 28, Harriet Emma, youngest dau. of
Lewis George St. Lo, esq., of Marsh-court,
Dorset.
At Christchurch Parsonage, Tunbridge Wells,
Richard Hudson, esq., late of Spring-farm, co.
Wicklow.
Oct. 27. At his residence, at Wolverton, aged
72, Saville Marriott, esq., late of the H.E.I.C.8.,
and Member of Council in the Government of
Bombay, and eighth son of the late Wm. Mar-
riott, esq., formerly of the H.E.I.C.S., as chief of
the Province of Burdwan, in the Presidency of
Calcutta. ^1^
At Thoresby-park, the Earl Manvers. See
Obituary.
At Ruddington, aged 82, Miss Fox, late of
Wymeswold.
At Pclaw-house, Chester-le-Street, aged 60,
Thomas Murray, esq.
At Marine-parade, Brighton, aged 65, Lydia,
wife of Col. Atchison, Royal Lancashire Artillery,
and last surviving dau. of the late Rev. John
Simons, Rector of St. Paul's Cray, Kent.
At Chclsham, Surrey, aged 86, William, only
surviving son of the late Wm. Sisson, esq., of
Elderbcck, Ullswater.
Aged 68, C. H. Cruttwell, esq., upwards of 40
yeurs Master of Hales Free Grammar-school,
Hertford.
At Bigge's Main, aged 55, Elizabeth, relict of
John Jameson, esq., shipowner, Wallsend.
At Worthing, aged 84, Sarah, widow of James
White, esq., of Wooldringfold, Sussex.
At Dawlish, aged 71, Captain Rose Henry
Fuller, R.N.
Oct. 28. At Torquay, Mary Mitchell, widow of
C. W. Watkins, esq., of Badby-hoose, North-
amptonshire.
In Cambridg^terr., Wm. Hewitson, eeq. See
Obituary.
At Charljnch Rectory, Somersetshire, Emily
Maria Waring, wife of the Rev. T. Neebitt Irwin,
and dau. of the late Major-Gen. James Alexander.
Aged 51, John Barker, esq., of Highfield-house,
Dux ford, Cambs.
At Parkstone, near Poole, William, eldest son
of W. S. Kendall, esq., late Inspector General of
H.M.'s Customs in the Port of Ixmdon.
At Elstead, near Godalming, Surrey, aged 84,
John, eldest son of Capt Cornwall, R.N.
At Union-buildings, Poole, aged 52, Mrs. Jane
Rollings, dau. of the late George Penny, esq., of
Longfieet.
Oct. 29. InJLondon, aged 21, Leonard, youngest
son of the late Dr. Goodenough, Dean of Welk.
At Tunbridge Wells, aged 61, J. Shipton, esq.
The Rev. D. A. De Sola, senior minister to the
eongregation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews,
London, of which'community he had been pastor
for upwards of 40 years.
Oct. 30. At Tadcaster, aged 55, Benjamin B.
Thompson, esq., solicitor, formerly of Chesterfield.
At Kensington, the Earl of Dundonald. See
Obitvaht.
At Taunton, aged 70, Edward Parker Pridham.
esq., formerly of Exeter.
At Hartley-house, near Plymouth, aged 86,
William Howard, esq.
At Tamworth, aged 69, Joseph Taylor, esq.,
late of Appleby, Leicestershire.
At Rawcliffe Paddocks, Anne Charlotte, wife of
P. S. Feake Martin, esq.
At Fleetham- lodge, Bedale, aged 71, John
Conyers Hudson, esq., J. P.
At Hinton Admiral, Christchurch, ttom a fall
trom her pony, aged 15, Emily, second dau. of
Thomas Entwistle, esq.
Oct. 31. Suddenly, at Waterloo^n-escent, Dover,
aged 80, John Baker Sladen, esq., of Ripple-court,
Kent, a Deputy-lieut. and Justice of the Peaoe
for that county.
At her residence, Woodside, Surbiton, Surrey,
aged 80, Mary Ann, widow of the late James
Muston, esq.
At St Ann's-hill, Wandsworth, aged 84, Louise,
relict of W. Barlow, esq., of Holybourne, Hants.
In St. Jamea*s-st., Brighton, aged 80, Frederick
Stephenson, esq.
At Cheltenham, aged 67, Elizabeth, widow of
Page^ichol Scott, esq., of Norwich.
Aged 42, Henry, eldest son of Henry Oxenford,
esq., Barnes, Surrey.
Lately. In the Stafford County Infirmary, Mr.
James Macdonald, M.A., of Cambridge, under
droumstanoes of apparently utter destitution.
After death more than £1,600 were found on his
person. The deceased had been tutor to different
schools and families, but had lost all his appoint-
ments from his slovenly and indolent habits.
ITov. I. At St. Petersburg, the Empress Mother
of Russia. See OBiTVAmT.
At Camden-town, Robert Salkeld, esq., of the
Audit-offloe, Somerset-house, second son of the
Bev. Robert Salkeld, of Fontmell, Dorset.
JVbv. 2. At Barbican-terr., Barnstaple, aged
82, Elisabeth, eldest dau. of the late Rev. Peter
Fisher, Rector of Little Torrington.
Rather suddenly, at bis residence. Upper Toot-
ing, Surrey, aged 74, Henry Butterworth, esq.,
F.8.A., of Fleet-street.
At Scarbro', aged 68, Mary, wife of H. New-
bould, esq., of Sharow-benk, SheflSeld.
At Lower Rock-gardens, Brighton, aged 78,
John Allen Shnter, esq., late of Sandgate, Kent,
and St. John's, Sonthwark.
At Ripley, aged 71, John Fleteher, esq., Capt.
in the late Derbyshire MiUtia.
Nov. S. At Rempstone-hall, aged 80, the Dow.
Lady Sitwell, relict of John Smith Wright, esq.
Her ladyship contributed liberally to a large
number of ehariteble institutions in Nottingham
and its neighbourhood.
684
Obituary.
ll
■ i
:1
I- i
f i
At Staplcton-housc, Martock, Sommct, agred
87, Ann, relict of Edw. England, eaq., of 8eav-
ington St. Mary.
At Edinburgh, aged 72, the Baronem Anna
Catharina dc Rccdo d'Oudtshoom, relict of Jaa.
Dunbar, esq., formerly of H.M.'s 21st Light Dra-
goons, and youngest son of the late Sir (ieorge
Dunbar, bart., of Mochrum.
At Wells, Somemet, aged 65. Henry John Hyde
Seymour, esq., of Wclla, and Tyvree, Glamor-
ganshire.
In Beyrout-pl., Stoke, aged 85, MiM Lockyer.
At his residence, Cavendlsh-sq., aged 75, Aaron
Asher Goldnmid, e^q.
Xov. 4. At the Vicarage, West Ham, aged 76,
Frances Anno, widow of the lato Abel John Ram,
esq., of Clonatin, Ireland, and last surviving dau.
of the late John Port, esq., of lUam-hall, Staf-
fordshire.
Aged 44, Emma, wife of William Challis, esq.,
Basingstoke.
At Clifton, near York, aged 35, T. W. Carroll,
esq., M.A., formerly of St. Peter's Coll.,Cnmb.
At Dawlish, Eleanor Beatrice, infant dau. of
Rear-Admir.il Thomas Henderson.
At his residence, Field-house, Doncaster, aged
67, John Timm, esq.
At Creditun, Dinah, second dau. of Lieut.
George Ilugo, R.N.
At Cannstatt, Wurtemberg, aged 11, Sophie,
youngest dau. of Thomas Richmond, esci., Com-
mander R.N.
JV'or. 5. At Paris, Princess Sapieha, of Deve-
cisyn, Poland, and formerly of Bold-hall, Lan-
c:is*>ire.
At Hull, John Pechell, esq. See Obiti'ary.
At Islington, John Whitehead, esq., many
years Her Majesty's Cimsul at Archangel.
At Ramsgnte, of diphtheria, aged 17, Sophia
Raffles, dau. of the Rev. B. Nichols, Incumbent
of St. Paul's, .Mill-hiU.
JN'or. 6. At Florence, Charlotte Maria, eldest
dau. of the late Kdwurd Rol)ert Marcus Whyte,
esq., of Ilotham-house, Yorkshire, and grand-
dau. of Sir John Owen, bart., .M.P., of Orielton,
Pembroke shire.
At Dix's Fii'ld, Exeter, Lydin, eldest dan. of
the late Rev. George Terry Carwithen, of Aah-
prington-houNe, Devon.
At Woolgreavps, near Wakefield, aged 66,
Richard Dunn, esq.
At Merchistoun-hall, Vice- Admiral Sir Charles
Napier.
Aged 66, John Smith, esq., of the Old Manor-
houM*, KeynKham, brother of II. Bridges Smith,
OM)., of Upland-house, Bnth.
J\'or. 7. At Stackpoolc-court, the Earl of
Cawdor. See Oiiiti-.^ry.
Aged 5?, Thomas Devas, esq., of Dulwich-
common, one of Hrr Mnj- sty's Justices of the
Peace for the county of Surrey. He wa-^ riding
into town, but when near Camberwell-gate he
was observed to be unsteady on his saddle, and
suddenly fell to the ground. He appeared to be
Insensilde, and was reuiuvvd into the shop of the
nearest surgeon, where he expired within a few
minuteh.
At Moant Juliet, eo. Kilkmuiy, »g«d
Hon. Charlea Harward Batter Clarke fl
Wandeaforde, third loii of tlM 17tii Ea
monde.
At Tenby, aged 62, lieat.-Col. W«
late Scota Fusilier Goarda.
iVor. 8. In MoDtapi<^laoe, aged 61. i
Fellows.
At Firi-place, the reaUenee of Viacoi]
the Hon. Mrs. Gage. She was the onl;
the Hon. William Gage, end mazriad Ib
cousin, the Hon. Ool. Gage, yonngcet aa
eount Gage.
At Parkhill, Bodmin, Cornwall, aged !
Thompson, esq., for more than forty yei
gistrate and deputy-lleatenant for that (
Aged 64, Ool. Charlea F. Rowlej ]
The deceased was present at the battles <
and Nive, for whieh be reedTed the si]
medal and two clasps ; and waa also i
Bras and Waterloo^ and at the taking of
At the Bectory-boQse, aged S7, Abbi
the Kev. R. J. Boberta, Reetor of '
HolyweU.
At MaentwTog, North Walea, aged ?
tian, dan. of the late John Armatrong
Belgrave-cottage, Pimlico.
Aged 53, Ado^phus Latimer Widdrlni
late Capt 73rd Kegt., youngest son o1
IJeut-Gen. Sir Darid Latimer Tinli
drington, K.C.B.
At Marina, Kt. LeoDard*s-on-Sea, aged
beth, widow of the Rev. Henry Palmer,
of Witbcote-hall, Leicestershire.
At Brighton, Hugh Barton, yoangc
the late Hugh Barton, esq^ of Btraflhn,
At the Grove, Middlebam, aged 10, Ai
beth, dau. of Nathaniel Snrtees, esq.
JV'ov. 9. At Northalleitaa, aged 78, ^
dale, esq., late of Aiskew, upwards of Id
one of the coroners for the county of To
At Lewiaham, Mr. Alderman Wire, fl
At the Allegrta, St Leonard'e-oa-Boa,
Frances Maria, widow of James Ooatci
Hill-house, Strsatbam.
At East Wyke, Surrey, aged 5S, 8aMn
Edward Harlec PlayfOTd, esq.
At Plascdch, St. Asaph, aged 66, Job
esq., one of the magistratea for the c
FUnt.
At her residence, Chester-terr., Regca
Elixa, relict of Sir Henry Willoek, K.L1.1S
Caatelnau-honae, Mortlake.
Aged 40, John Wm. Parker. Jun., pub;
West Strand. He was long the editor of
Magazine, and bia fhneral waa attended
Trench and many other literary men.
Nov, 10. At Plymouth, Sarah, wUi
Eames Williams, esq., Catherine pL, Ba
At Asbford, Kent, Mary Abb Ellnal
wife of H. P. Cspreol, esq., aad eldaat
the late James Hansard, esq.
Aged 76, at his resilience, Weetbuiu
Col. Henry Geo. Joordaa, H.M.'a Indin
At bis residence, Clapbam-eommoB,
John Parrott, esq.
At Kuse-bUl, Dorking, Xalllda,
I <
I860.]
Obituary.
685
of the late Wm. Dowdeswell, esq., of the Elms,
Ewell, Surrey.
At Upper Tooting, aged 66, Ann, wife of John
Mclhuibh, esq.
At Brighton, aged 49, Horatio Pickemell, esq.,
of Fenchurch-st.
Accidentally drowned, aged 17, Edw. William,
youngest son of the late James Uovell Linuucr,
esq., of Koudham-hall, Norfolk.
Nov. 11. At his residence in Upper Brook-st.,
Grosvenor-sq., Gen. the Hon. Edward Pyndar
Lygon, C.B. The hon. general waa the third son
of William, first Eai-1 of Beauchamp, and wa«
brother of the present i)eer. He entered the army
as sub-lieutenant in the 2nd Life Guards, and
served with that regiment in the Peninsula
during the campaigns of 1813 and 1814, having
joined the forces in Spain in November, 1812.
In 1815 he accompanied the army to the Nether-
lauds, and, as major and lieut.-colonel, he com-
manded the 2nd Life Guards at Waterloo, where
he eminently distinguished himself. For his
services on that occasion he wai made a Ck)m-
panion of the Order of the Bath ; he was also
made a Knight of the Order of St. Vladimir
of Russia. Fur many years he was lieut.-ool. of
the 2nd Life Guards, and only relinquished that
post when he obtained promotion as Major-
General. The deceased officer held the appoint-
ment of Inspector-General of Cavalry for some
years. He had received the silver war-medal
and one clasp for service in the Peninsula. He
was appointed Colonel of the 13th Light Dra-
goons in January, 1845; and his commissions
bore date as follow :— Sub-Lieutenant, June 1,
1803 ; Lieutenant, November 7, 1805 ; Captain,
February 15, 1808 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, April 27,
1815; Colonel, April 27, 1822; Major-General,
January 10, 1837 ; Lieutenant-General, Novem-
ber 9, 1846 ; and General, June 20, 1854.
At Lewe»i, aged 61, Rich. Turner, esq., surgeon,
second son of the late Thomas Turner, esq., of
Oldland, Keymer, Sussex.
At Bexhill, near Battle, Sussex, aged 32, Geo.
Paul Montuy De Laselle, eldest son of the late
Mujor De Laselle, of Boulogne-sor-Mer.
In Eaton-sq., S.W., aged 63, George Medd
Butt, esq., Q.C., formerly M.P. for Weymouth.
The deceased, who was bom in 1797, was the son
of Mr. John Butt, of Sherborne, and in early
life practised for some years with great success
as a special pleader. In 1830, though rather late
in life, he was called to the bar by the Hon. So-
ciety of the Inner Temple, and went the Western
Circuit, where he soon rose into reputation, and
acquired an extensive practice. In 1845, during
the Chancellorship of Lord Lyndhurst, Mr. Butt
was made a Queen's Counsel, and shortly after-
wards was elected a Bencher of the Inner Temple.
Mr. Butt professed adherence to the Conserva-
tive party, but was opposed to the re-imposition
of the duty on foreign com. In private life, and
in the profession of which he was a member,
Mr. Butt was held in high et^teem.
Elizabeth Crompton, ^ife of Cha^. Chambers,
e»q., of Broomhill-park, Sheffield, and niece of
the late Thos. B. Crompton, esq., of Famworth.
Aged 72, Geo. Scharf, esq., aa eminent artist,
and one of the earliest lithographers in England.
At Budleigh Salterton, Devon, aged 76, Eliza-
beth, relict of Chas. Pearse, esq., of Greenway-
house, Luppit.
Nov. 12. Aged 75, Anne Rosilin Elizabeth,
widow of Kingsmill Evans, esq., of the Hill-
court, Herefordshire, and eldest dau. of the late
Col. Thornton, of Flintham-hall, Notts.
Nov. 13. At his country residence, near Paris,
aged 71. M. Vatimesnil, an eminent jurist and
politician. He was called to the bar in 1810, and
on the restoration of the Bourbons he was fre-
quentiy employed as the law officer of the Crown
in proceedings against Beranger, and others. In
1824 he was made Advoeate-General to the Court
of Cassation, and in 1828 he became Minister of
Public Instruction, when he greatiy ameliorated
the condition of the primary teachers, who
evinced their gratitude by presenting him with
a gold medal on his retirement from office.
During the reign of Louis Philippe, and under
the Republic, he was a very active member of the
Chamber of Deputies, but the coup d'itat of
December, 1851, drove him again into private life,
disheartened and disgusted with politics. Hap-
pily, he had his profession to fall back upon ; he
enrolled his name once more among the members
of the Paris bar, but practised more as a consult-
ing counsel than a pleader. M. Vatimesnil was
moderately Legitimist in politics. His reputa-
tion as a jurist was high. He was the author of
numerous " memoirs" on law cases, and of valu-
able essays which have appeared in the Ricueil
giniral des Lois et AnHs. He was the author of
some political tracts, and has left a French trans-
lation of the De Clementid of Seneca.
At Bedford, aged 58, John Nugent Barberie,
esq.
At Hanover-cres., Brighton, aged 66, Julia
Matilda, eldest surviving dau. of the late Joseph
Burchell, esq., many years Deputy Under-Sheriff
of Middlesex.
At Edinburgh, aged 53, Wm. Oliphant, esq.,
publisher.
At Haslar Hospital, of secondary fever, after
measles, aged 13, George Augustas Wood, Cadet
H.M.S. " Britannia," fourth son of the late
Robert Cruttwell, esq., Widcombe-hill, Bath.
At the Lodge, Wrington, Prances, third dan.
of the Rev. William Swcte.
At Cardoness, in the Stewartry of Kirkcud-
bright, Sir David Maxwell, bart., Hon. Col. of
the Galloway Militia.
At Hy^res, in the south of France, aged 36,
Charles Thomas Coote, M.D., late Radcliffe
Travelling Fellow of the University of Oxford,
and one of the Assistant Physicians of the Middle-
sex HoepitaL
At Leamington, aged 62, John Hampden, esq.,
a lineal descendant of the great Hampden. He
was a gentieman of cultivated taste, and took
great interest in antiquarian research and in
literature generally. He will be remembered bj
nutny for his amiable and generous feelinirs*
which endeared him to all who knew him. He
was proud of hia family name and reputation.
G86
Obituary.
I
t
} '
I- !
r I
' I
Nov. U. At hit residence, Sarbiton-hiU, agred
72. Edward Lloyd, e«q., formeriy of the General
Poat-offlce.
At Hartley Wintney, Hants, Fenwick Martin
Tweddell, esq., staff-surgeon, late of 4th Batt
Military Train.
At Thurston-lodire, Bury Ht Edmunds, Henry
Itiham, son of the Rev. Isham Case, Vicar of
Metheringham, Lincolnshire.
At Boutpor^st., Barnstaple, aged 81, Mrs.
Ann Yeo.
At Hounslow, aged 45, Robert MoUoy, esq.,
M.D., late of Clarendon-villas, Kensington-park,
son of the late Mi^or Mark John MoUoy, of the
13ih Foot.
At Hitohln-priory, aged 27, Seymour Walter
Delm^-Radcliffe, Commander in the Royal Navy,
eldest son of Fred. Peter Delm6-Radcliffe, esq.
In Ix)wer Orosrenor-st., Anna Maria Ridgway,
of Hatton-hall, Northamptonshire, and of Ridg-
mont, Lancashire, dau. of the late Peter Wetten-
hall, esq., of Winnington, Cheshire, and widow
of the late Joseph Rigdway, esq., of Udgmont.
Nor. 15. At Florc-honse, Northamptonshire,
Mary Anne, wife of Major-Oen. Cartwright.
At Silwood-pl., Brighton, Susanna, relict of
the Rev. Cornelius Neale, M.A., and dau. of the
late Dr. Mason Good.
At Harrow, aged 15, William, youngest son
of the Rev. John Daubuz, of Killow, Cornwall.
In St. George's-rd., Ecoleston-sq., Maxy Fanny,
wife of A. W. B. Greville, esq.
Aged 82, Lieut.-Col. Robert Macdonald. C.B.,
hite of the S5th Regt. The deceased had served
at the siege of Fort Bourbon and capture of
Martinique, in 1808-9, and was next employed
in the Peninsula. He was present in the retreat
from Burgos in 1812, and in the campaigns of
1813-14 at the action at Osona, the battle of
Vittoria, the assault on the Convent of San
Sebastian on July 17, and the assault on the
town on July 25, when he was severely wounded.
On AugUHt 31, although suffering from the effects
of his vround, he waH present and engaged at
the nucoessfUl arfKault on San Sebastian, where
he commanded two companies ordered to the
breach in advance of the iKt brigade of the 5th
division, and was at the surrender of that castle
on September 8. The dpceascd was also pre-
sent at the passage of the Bidassoa, tlie battle
of the Nivelle, and the buttles of the Nive. Ue
served also duriuK the campaign of 1815 in the
Netherlands, and Wiis present at the battle* of
Quatre Bras and Waterloo in the 3rd battalicm of
Iht Foot, Royal Scuts, where he was again
severely wounded. The deceased officer after-
wards removed to the 35th Foot, which he com-
manded for several yean*. For his services at
Waterloo he was made a Companion of the Order
of the Bath, and was decorated with the Order
of St. Anne of Ruwtlu by the Emperor Alexander.
He had received the silver war-medal and five
olaspc far wrTleM ia the Peniarala.
mifldoika w we dated at fbllowa : — Emigi
1802; lientenaat, Oet. 18^ ISM ; eaptali
1810; mi^or, Sept. 21, 161S; nad U
Aug. S5, 1829.
Nov. 16. George Nerill, joimgest m
late R. Booth, eeq., of Glendon-liall, Ni
tonahire.
At his reddence, Soathna, Henry,
son of the Ute Thoe. Harriaon, eaq.,
Harriaon, oo. Cock.
At Bonneveiae, near ManeUlea, i
Marietta, wife of PantSa Stephn BalU
naught-pL Wert.
Aged 56, Thomas Clattoa, caq., Felhr
College, Oxford.
Nov, 17. In George-it., BathwSck-h
Catharine Wade, widow of Li«at.-aeii.
William MaxweU, K.C.H., C.B., fotn
of the 8rd Weat India Regt.
In High-at., Oxfbrd, N. Caatto, n
caused by aeeklentaUy falling off hia ho
At her residence, St. Joba'a-lodgc,
park, aged 71, laabd, widow of the
laaae Lyon Goldsmid* bait., Baron do
and da Palmeira.
Nov. 18. At West Cliff, Ramagato,
John Ashley Warro, esq., M.P. ftar R
the last general eleotioa in 1859 Mr. Wa
fled his Intention to rstiro fhaa the rt
ticm of the borough, and the Right II<
Cowper was selected aa a candidate ;
right hon. genUsmaa being at that tia
there was not soffleient time to tnaami
vltation, and under theee elrewnsla
Warre again oonsented to stand, on tl
sUnding that it was the laet tinie he al
eome a candidate. Mr. Warre waa a i
of Lord Palmerston's AdminlstratloB, i
against the Conservative Referm Bill, t
of which led to last year's diasolutioD «
ment
JV OF. 10. At Radwell-hoose, Baldock
Evelina, wife of Joseph Simpson, eeq.
At TarqoMjt Devonshire, Sarah Frai
of the Rev. J. Orlfflth, B.I>., Reetor of
Tydvil. Glamorgsnshire.
At Oundle^ aged 81, Jane, widow
Pooley, eaq., late of Upwood Hontingri
At Westbury-on-Trym, aged 4A, Eliaa)
of E. C. Sutton, esq.
At Queen's-gardeas, Hyde-pk., aged
hope Wm., seoond son of W. T. Thoisii
Aor. 20. At Hssthifs, aged S^ mo
infant son of Lieat.-CoL the Hon. C
Mrs. Lindsay.
At Fern-hill, Torquay, aged 40, C
wife of George Bodcn, esq., barrister-al
NoP,il. At Oxford, agtd Mt EUaahi
wife of the Rev. John Prideaux UghtA
Rector of Exeter CoUege, Oxford.
14
I860.]
687
TABLE OF MORTALITY AND BIRTHS IN THE DISTRICTS OP LONDON.
(From the Retumt issued hy the Se^trar- General,)
DEATHS REGISTERED.
SUPBBINTBNDENT
BBOISTBABS'
Area
in
Statute
Acres
Popula-
tion
in
1851.
Deaths
in Districts, Ac., in the Week
ending Saturday,
DI8TBICTS.
Oct.
27.
1860.
Nov.
3,
1860.
Nov.
10,
1860.
Nov.
17,
1860.
Mean Temperatui
e
• *
53-2
o
48-7
401
o
417
London
78029
2362236
1026
1049
1084 1183
1-6. West DUtricts .
7-11. North Districts .
12-19. Central Districts
20-25. East Districts .
26-36. South Districts .
10786
13533
1938
6230
45542
376427
490396
393256
485522
616635
151
208
159
204
304
186
214
147
217
285
177
218
150
233
306
234
256
179
220
294
Week ending
Saturday,
Oct.
Nov.
27
3
10
17
Deaths Registered.
M & qj
JJ S So
^ ^<
^ r-i «^
go
551
562
598
614
-^^
M
V
TJ
130
127
120
158
158
145
161
187
p
p
151
171
152
182
tJ'd
S3
00 g-
§
36
35
31
42
1026
1049
1084
1183
Births Registered.
994
956
890
997
-a
s
PE4
955
912
801
863
1949
1R68
1691
1860
PRICE OP CORN.
Average '^ Wheat.
of Six y t. d.
Weeks. J 59 8
Barley.
f. d.
40 9
Oats,
f. d.
23 9
Rye.
f. d,
86 8
Beam.
f. d.
40 4
Peas.
f. d.
48 8
Week emling\ to -i
Nov. 17. / *''' ^
41 4 1 23 5 1 86 4
50 8
46 9
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHPIELD, Nor. 22.
Hay, 21. lOs. to 5^. 10*. — Straw. 1^. 10*. to II. 18*. — Clover, 8/. 10*. to 6/. 16*.
NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE-MARKET.
To sink the Offal— per stone of Slbs.
Beef 4*. 4<i. to 5*. Od.
Mutton 4*. lOd. to 5*. 6d.
Veal 3*. 8rf. to4*. 6d.
Pork 4*. Od. to5*. 4d.
Lamb 0*. Od. to 0*. Od.
Head of Cattle at Market, Nov. 22.
Beasts 1,216
Sheep and Lambs 21,200
Calves 246
Kgg 170
COAL-MARKET, Not. 23.
Best Wallsend, per ton, 20*. dd, to 21*. 3d. Other sorts, 16*. 6d. to 19*. 9d.
METEOROLOGICAL DI ART, bt H. GOULD, lata W. OA
RT
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Haroni.
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10.SA».
ALFRED WHITHORB,
/,
^
INDEX
TO ESSAYS, DISSERTATIONS, HISTORICAL PASSAGES,
AND BOOKS REVIEWED.
*«• The Principal Memoirs in the Obituary are distinctly entered in this Index,
Able and Ible, 834
Acland, Dr., Remarks on the Oxford Mu-
seum, 170
Addresses to Candidates for Ordination,
422
After Many Days, 188
Algeria, Sphynz and other antiquities
found in, 245
Alice of Fobbing, 182
Allectus, coin of, 144
American Slavery, The Right of, 540
Anglesey, primsval antiquities of, 498
— — — tumulus in, 489
Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts, 270
Relics in Kent, 5tZ
Annates Archiologiques, 169
Anne, Queen, letter of, 625
Antiquaries, Society of, proceedings of, 42,
142, 253, 617
Apostles and the Offertory, The, 656
Archaologieal Association, Meeting of, 2,
143, 386
Institute, proceedings of, 2,
256
paper rsad at the,
335
Archaology in Algeria, 245
Archiologique, La Contrefa^on, 170
Architectural Association, meeting of, 626
Congress at Cambridge, 45
Architecture, Early English Style of, 459
in England and Fnmee during
the MiddU Ages, 628
Arden, Rev, O^ Scripture Breriates, 542
Ardudwy, cromlechs in, 499
jlrgyll, Duke rf, and the Free Chorch*
122
Argyllshire, crosses in, 154
Armourers* Company, collection of plate and
ancient deeds helonging to the, 7AZ
Armoury qf Mahmoud 11,, 10
Arquebusier, mounted, 226
Arthur family, monument to the, 507
Artois, Count <f , snuff-hox preseot^ bj,
403
QsNT. Mag. Vol. CCIX.
Arundel, John Earl cf^ discoTery of remains
of. 537
Arundel Marbles at Orfard, 622
Ashelworth manor-house, 850
Atcham Church, yisit to, 892
Aubrey %md Wood, correspondence of,
612
JBaeon-house, conveyance of, 585
— ^— — Books printed af^ 585
Badges qfthe Percies, 25
Baldred, King rf Kent, penny of, 148
Bangor, Cambrian Arolueolf^cid Assocfa*
tion at, 488
■ Address of the President at, 490
■ Cathedral, description of, 500
■ Temporary Musenm at, 488
Bamack, Saxon tower of, i^one sedilQ
found, 510
Bayley, WiUkm Butterworth, Stf,, me-
moir of; 201
Bayonet, The, 282
Beach Rambles in Search qf PehhUe and
Crystals, 179
Beaeon^Uld, tombs at, 895
Beaumaris Castle, description of, 405
— ^— Church, monument in, 496
Beeket, Arehb,, Is it right to speak U,
as Beeket, 168 ; or St. Thomas, 409 j or
Thomas of Loudon, 800
Beestm Church, architecture of, 71
Beggar, anecdote of a, 582
Bell, Thomas, Bsq,, memdr of^ 196
Bell-founders qf Gloucester, 260
BeuihaU-haU, visit to» 887
Bentham, G., Hand-book of the Britiib
Flora, 179
Berkeley Castle, architecture Qt, 888
■ chapel and oriel, 844
Beverky, Percy shrine at, 21
Beverstone Castle, roin of, 846
BiekUigh Church, tomb in, 629
Birch, Robert, a rsputed conjuror, 880
Birthday Souvenir, 657
Blaeki^s Coa^jfrehensive History rf Ag-
land, 183, 422, 542
4v
690
Index to Essays, ^e.
i
ii
11
il
' I
I
II
II'
r
I
Blakeney Church, architecture of, 71
BoUover Castle^ antiquity of, 289
Bonaparte, Jerome, memoir of, 207
Boorde, Andrew, letter from, 404
Borrowton, spearhead found at, 292
Boifitld, History of the family of, 468
Bourton-on-the- Water, Roman spearhead
found at, 621
Bowman, Christopher, examination of, 140
Box, Roman villa at, 143
Brazil, its History, People, &c., 310
Brent, J,, Canterbury in the Olden Time,
420
^ ■ Felix Summerley's Handbook
to Canterbury, edited by, 420
Breton Antiquities, 501
Breviatesfrom Holy Scripture, 542
Brinkburn Priory, proposed restoration of,
147
British Association, meeting of, 143
Butterflies, 658
Sea Weeds, 658
Brockley Combe, rocks at, 508
Bronze and Iron in Egypt, 153
Buckingham, Duke of, letters of, 143
Buckland Priory, History of, 503'
Bucks Architectural and Archaological 50-
ciety, meeting of, 395
Buildwas Abbey, visit to the ruins of, 387
Bullock, Rev, T. H,, Lectures delivered at
Crosby-hall, 657
Bunhury, Gen, Sir Senry Edward, memoir
of, 91
Burrows, M., Pass and Class, 81
Bury St. SdmuneTs Abbey, 64<
visit to, 63
Cabarra, Fort of, 357
Cabinet, Literature in the late, 122
Cadbury Camp, description of, 504
Caerleb, Roman camp at, 499
Cairnconiion-hill, chambers on the, 153
Calais, Peter de Courtenay, Governor qf,
233
Calcot, barn at, 347
Calcutta Cathedral, roof of, 147
Calthorpe Family, pedigree of, 142
Cambrian Arclueological Association at Ban-
gor, 488
Cambridge, Architectural Congress at, 45
■ Architectural History of, 51
■ Arms in the Churches of St.
Andrew the Less, 407; St. Benedict,
407 ; St. Botolph, 407 ; St. Clement,
407; St. Edward, 408; St. Giles, 408;
the Holy Sepulchre, 408; St. Peter,
408
■ Visitation of Arms at, 407
Univernity and Town of, Tisit
to, 60
Campden, ancient houses at, 350
Canonbury, subterranean passage in. 624
Canterbury, torque and vase found at,
142
in the Olden Time, 420
Cap qf Estate, 144
CttrauHus, coins of, 148, 1 49
Carlton Ckwrck, (5oicfJk,) design ft
tion of, 146
Carpenter^ Company, eollecdon
and deeds of the» 254
Cashei CatMedral, photogrmphie
617
Castles of Europo and Atia^ pa
144
Catalogue of BomoM Inserihtd a
tured SloHUt 246
Cathedrals, lestoration of, 147
Catrail, detcriptioii of, 291
Cawdor, Earl rf, memoir of, 672
Cawthorpe Ckurek, {Lit tie,) en
frontal for, 145
Ceawlin, campaign of, 265
Ceramists, Romano- Oauiiek, Wor
Chairs, seating Churches with, 1<
Charles /., Letter of, 625
//., visit to the Court of,
awMng the Ccvenamiere^
Charter-Chest rf the /amUiy qf
Auehtermaimiet 403
Chaucer's Minor Pomu, MS^ 643
Chelvey Church, indaed slab in, 5
— Court, secret chamber in,
Chepstow Castle, architecture of, !
Cherbourg, Congreta of French
ries at, 222
Chesters, visit to, 402
Chichester Cathedral, design foi
pavement at, 145
The Guildhall, sUte oi;
Chinese ehatelain qfeilver, 149
Christmas Books, 658
Church, The Year of the^ 176
Churches recently buili, 146
■ deiignt for zestoimtion
510
seats or benches in, IZi
on the robbery of, 896
Church Stanway-houee, 858
— Stretton, Roman remains
Churchyard Crosaee, 152, 861
dlumum, Roman bridge at, 291,
Cirencester, Roman remaina at, 2
— — Church, architecture of
■ porch of, 852
dtixene ef London ht arme, 280
Civil Architecture qfthe MiddU A
Wars, theb effect in Yorkafa
Clapton Church, monnmeut in, 50
■ Jfimor-AosM, beautiful a
507
Clarkson, obelisk to the memoty o
Clee Hills, coal-mines fai the, 478
Clevedon Court, visit to, 504
Cley-next-the-Sem, Church of, 71
Coaley, ancient mansion at, 858
Coat-arwumr aecribed to Omr Sawi^
at Steeiom-^kail^ 74
Cochwillan, antiquity o^ 501
Coed Ithel, remains at, 284
jT
Index to Essays, 8^c.
691
Colonial Churches, designs for, 147
Colour premiunUf prizes, 147
Concise, reliques found at, 5S8
Concise History of England , 78
Congresbury Church, restoration of, 509
Constance, Council of, and Scotland, 163
Cooke, Thomas, token of, 150
Corbel' table of armorial shields, 74
Corbridge Lanx, copy of, 632
Cornwall, palimpsest brass from, 618
Coronation Chair, decorations of, 40
Coronations, Notes on, 305, 650
Cottages for the labouring classes, plan of,
510
Coverdale*s Bible in Oloueester Cathedral
Library, 268
Cranages, On, 151
Credence- table of oak, 146
Crocker, John, of Hoekmorton, grant of arms
to, 625
Cromwell, Oliver, letter of, 625
■ Richard, halbert belonging to,
142
Cronlielm, F, W., Inquiry into tbe Origin
of the Belief of Predestination, 421
Croydon, North, design for chancel to
Christ Church, 146
Cumberland, a scene in, 601
Cumins, M. S^ £1 Fureidis, 182
Cuningham, Rev. J., Church History of
Scotland, 362
Curiosities of Science, 178
Dalyngruge, Sir Edward, notice of, 537
Dane^ort, sepulchral urns discovered at,
516
Danuet, family of, 525
Danny, archives of, 638
■■ Roman villa discovered at, 638
Date Misread, 536
Dawley, mineral treasures of, 470
Dean Forest Iron-works, 279
De Bur go Family, On a branch of, 150
Deerhurst, Saxon church at, 256
> Church, foundation-stones of,
622
Priory, remains of, 347
Delamotte, F,, Primer of the Art of lUn-
mination, 654
Dene, Henry, Prior of Llanthony, &c., 282
Derby, Earl of. Oratory of, 122
Designs for New Churches, 394
Dewes, Mrs., Information against, 888
Diary of Gen, Patrick Gordon, 1 1
Didron, M., Annales Archfiologiques, 169
Dimock, Rev. J. F., Metrical life of St.
Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, 459
Diptychs qf ivory, 43
Disraeli, Mr. Benjamin, character of, 125
Ditchling Church, 637
Dolphin, The, an insect, 581
Domestic Architecture in Mediaoal London,
412
Dover Castle, lecture on, 285
• • restoration of tbe church at,
147
Dover, St Mary's in the Castle, 222
St. Martin's Priory, 286
■ Maison Dieu at, 394
Down Amney' house, 352
Drouyn, Leo, La Guienne Anglaise, S5S
Druidique, La Pretendue Decoaverte d'ua
Autel, 166
Drummond, H., Esq., Speeches in Parlia-
ment, 657
Dublin Cathedral, 147
Dean of St Patrick's, seal of, 149
Ducking or Coekqueane Stool, 651
DugdaU*s Visitation of Yorkshire, 28
Dumeril, A, M. C, memoir of, 433
Dundonald, Earl if, memoir of, 669
Durham, seal of Greatham Hospital, 144
• Cathedral, photographs of, 146
— ^^— windows in, 894
Dursley, ancient houses at, 350
Dj/ffryn, remarkable figure on the cap-
stone of a cromlech at, 499
Dyrham, Battle of, 264
Fsodgar, King, penny of, 398
Earth, First Traces of Life on the, 180
East Anglian, The, 541
Eoitehurch, stately monument in the.
church at, 243
East Hendred Qmreh, lately demolished,-
336
Ecclesiastical Embroidery Society, success.
of, 148
Eeclesiological Society, meeting of, 145,
394
• progress, 148
Edward I., silver penny of, 684
• • //., silrer penny of, 634
■ VL, Coronation of, 168
Edwards, John, Concise History of Eng-.
land, 78
Eleanor, Queen, tomb of, 36 »
Elegy ofLlywarch Hen, 264
ElemenU qf Banking, The, 657
El Fureidis, \92
Elixabeth, Queen, autograph of, 625
— — qf York, Coronation of, 161
Elliot, Mr., illustrationa of Somerset, 508 •
Elliott, Robert, Irish elegy on, 898
Ellison, Cuthbert, Esq,, memoir o^ 205
Elmley, Isle of, 237, 244
Elphinstone, Lord, memoir of, 190
Blvey, Dr. Stephen, memoir of, 557
Elvin, C. N., Handbook of Mottoes, 589^
Ely Cathedral, description of, 56
Encyelopadia Britanniea, 421
English Cathedral of the Nineteenik Ofa-
tury, 62
— Home, Our, 167
Episcopal Names in the Twe^ Ctnturyt
528, 646
Esiampes, churches at, 527
^— synagogues at, 526
Europe, Andent Armour and Wei^Kms iof
223
Evane, Edward Daoid, memoir ot, 484
E9elynf.Siekard,J}fd^,ei^^ .
692
Index to Essays, tfc.
n 1
1? I
'I
i\
If
Exeter Diocttan Jrehiiectural Society, mttU
ing of, 627
— ^- execution at, 7
Fairford Church, windows at, 266
Fair ton Village, 183
Fairy Land, 658
Felbrigg, Sir George, tomb of, 636
Felton family, notice of the, 636
Fereday, Samuel, experiments of, 473
Finlaiton, John, Esq^ memoir of, 194
Fitz, Sir John, anecdote of, 630
Fitzpatrick family, tomb of, 397
Flavia Augustina, monument to, 520
Fleetwood, the Recorder, letters from, 43
Flint implements, collection of, 391
Flowers qf the Fields 179
Footprints on the Sands qf Time, 422
Foreign Office, Shall it be Oothio or Cits-
sic? 306
Forfarshire, ancient remains in, 152
France, Mediaeval monuments in, 406
.^^— Roman remains in, 159, 476
Francis I., of France, autograph of, 625
Francis, J, G., Beach Rambles, 179
Fraser, W,, Parish Sermons, 542
Freeman, E, A,, Lecture on Waltham Ab«
bey, 45
■ Wayboume Church, 66
On the term Saxon, 265
French Invasions of the Isle qf Wight, 450
■ Monuments, Oagnieres* collection
of drawings, 406
Frondeg, incised stone at, 499
Froude, J, A., History of England, 3
Fulford, W., Songs of Life, 183
Fulham Fields, posey ring found in, 143
Fumess Abbey, visit to, 398
Furniture qf our English Home, 167
Gatton Church, restoration of, 1 54
Genealogical Table of the Descent rf tk§
St. Barbe family, 414
Geology, Advanced Text-book of, 656
German Drinking Glass, 142
——— Emperors, great seals of, 626
History, explanation of, 571
Germany, Ecclesiastical activity in, 147
GerrartTs Cross Church, 31)5
Gilbart, J, W,, The ElemenU of Banking,
657
Glasgow, new Park Church at, 147
Glastonbury Abbey, sculptured stones at,
506
Glevum or Roman Gloucester, deicription
of. 207
Gloucester, the Archaeological Institute at,
256
■ Cathedral, architecture of, 2, 262
History of, 270
— — — monastic buildings at, 257
St. Mary de Crypt, schoolhoutd
at, 259
352
Crypt Grammar School-houM,
Black Friars* Monastery, 259
Grey Friars' Churab, 259
Oloueetier, dfawing of St. Nieholi
260
■ Deanery at, 835
— ~— Chapel of the Deaaerj
vaulted chamber at i
Inn, 336
Tannert* Hall at, S42
timber-houaee at, 950
Museum of Roman i
at, 266
Bell-fbanden of, 260
Parliaments of, 263
Gloueetterskire, Medieral hou
Goodrich Cattle, mine of, 282
■ Court, armour at, 281
Goodrich, Sir Harry, anecdote ol
Gordon, Gem. Patrick, Diarr of,
Gradhu, King, legend of; 477
Graham qf Clavtrhmmm^ extract f
ter of; 366
Griffith, Dr,, drawinga by, 808
Grundisburgh, S. Acton, Ecq^ oc
antiquities, 637
Guardian Newepaper amd ikt Sm
view, 410
Chiest, Dr., bit Reaearchea on tfa
Conquest in Britain, 265
Guilds, description oi; 187
Gumey, J. H,, Sermona 1^, 542
Gwerneinion, shield found at, 50C
Hadleigh, the Town, the Chu
135
Reetory-tower, 187
■ Mayor and CorpontiM
of arms to, 618
Hale* Abbey, leaden ImpreaaioB (
of, 520
Halifax, All Sonla Church, aol
at, 145
Hamilton, John, JSif ., memoir of,
Rev, Jttvmt, memoir of
Handbook qfthe BriiUh .VVsro, 1
ifMoitoca^ 580
Eand'guns, The flrat, 224
Hares qf Stow Bardoipk, grant oi
624
Harry Sirkett, 188
Harty, Isle of; 237. 244
Harvey, Gen. Sir Bobert Jloksu n
190
Jffawksbury, deaign for an iron <
145
Hebrew Tokens, 148
Henry Fill., autograph e( 626
Heraldic Qfiery, 2
Heraldry, Ancient, 20
■ Founded on Facta, 25!
Herbert, Sir Tkovtag, aneedoto of]
Herefordshire, Parochial Churcbi
HerstmoHceus Cattle, Hiatoiy oC
Hendttm, WUttam, JSSif., memoii
Hewitt, J,, Ancient Armour and
in Europe, 828
Hexham^ broQie tripod vhmI
153
,1 ^
Index to Etsays, ifc.
693
Hexham Chapter-houtey 401
■ Churchy shrine at, 519
■ St. Andrew's Church, descriptioii
of, 399
Wilfrid's Crypt at, 401
Seytesbury, Lord, memoir of, 90
Higham Ferrars, cross at, 361
Highnam Court, pictures at, 266
Sigh Rochester, inscription found at, 248
Hingeston, Rev. F. C, Royal and Histori-
cal Letters, 233
Hintlesham Priory, silver lace from, 148
History, Connection of, with Architecture,
619
Soit, T. W., The Right of American Sla-
very, 540
Holdgate, Archb., Pall, 522, 648
Home, Our English, 167
■ Defences, Our, 180
Morton Manor-house, 353
Norman house at, 336, 338
House for the Suburbs, 79
Huntley, Rev. R. W., The Tear of the
Church, 174
Hyde Park, Volunteer Review in, 40
Hymns for Public Worship, 656
Icomb, medieval house at, 351
Iconography, 169
Idrone, plantation of, 151
/. H. S,, interpretation of, 507, 570
Illustrated Paper Model Maker, 658
Illustrations of Useful Arts, 178
Ilsam, chapel at, description of, 628
Ingram, Herbert, JEsq., memoir of, 554
Inventory of a Breton Manor -himse in the '
Sixteenth Cfentury, 133
Ireland, ancient atlas of, 516
Irish Rebellion, memorial of, 150
Iron Acton, cross at, 361
Ironmongers* Company, antiquitiei belong-
ing to the, 254
Iron Works of the Forest rf Dean, 279
Irving, David, LL.D,, memoir of, 320
Isle of Wightt French Invasions of the,
449
——> Proposed Fortification of the^
456
Italy, Development of Christian Architec-
ture in, 480
Ivories, Collection of Casts of Ancient, 42
James II,, visit to the Court of, 15
letter of, 625
James, Charge Payne Raynsford, Flsq,, me-
moir of, 198
Jerpoint Abbey, removal of a wall at, 397
Jewitt, LI, The Reliquary, 171
John ofEltham, monument of, 39
Johns, Rev. C A,, Flowers of the Field,
179
Johnson, Mr. Ooddard, memoir of, 94
Keck, G, A. Legh, Esq,, memoir of^ 554
Kent Archaologicid Shcistyt annual meet-
ing of, 2, 285
— — Roman remains in, 141
Keys, collection of ancient, 626
Kilkenny Archaological Soeietyt meeting
of, 149,397,516
•^— — printing in, notices of, 517
— — suhurbs of, 517
Kir by Bellars, cross at, 361
Knockmore Mountain, lettered cave on, 517
Knox, John, character of, 364
Labourer^ Cottages, On the Improvement
of, 59
La Guienne AngkUse, 355
Laing, Rev, D., memoir of, 436
Lanarkshire, antiquities from, 143
• shrine found in, 148
Lancashire and Cheshire WUls, 172
Lanchester, iron implements discovered at,
519 '
Lauderdale, Earl qf, memoir of, 431
Laughten-en-le'Morthen Church, architec-
ture of, 290
Lavendon Abbey, paper on, 396
Leekhampton Manor-house, 351
Lectures delivered at Crosby-haU, 657
Lee, Robert, grant of arms to, 142
Legend of King Gradlon, 477
Leicester, coin of Vespasian found at, 631
Leicestershire Architectural and Archeeolo*
gical Society, 151, 398, 631
Lendal, leaden bulla of Honorius III.
found at, 520
Leven and Melville, Earl of, memoir of, 550
Leysdoum Church, state of, 244
Liddon, Rev. H, P,, Sermon on oar Lord's
Ascension, 82
L^e-boat, The, 181, 541
Lilbume, John, medtA of, 398
LiUeshaU Abbey, ruins of, 388
Limerick, coin of the Emperor Galbafonnd
at, 149
Tokene, 150
Lincoln Cathedral, architecture of, 459
The "Bishop" and
'< Dean " at, 649
St. Hugh rf, and the Eady Englith
Styles 640
Diocesan Arehiteetwral Society, 289
Idndirfame Gospels, MS., 292
Lhdey-haU, visit to, 889
Literature in the late Cabinet, 122
Little Sodbury Manor-hemee, description of,
853
Liverpool Architectural and Arehsolegieat
, Society, excursion of, 898
Livingstones, family of the, 334
Llandegai Church, effigies in, 501
Llanidan Church, discrediuble ttite of,
499
Llanthony Ahhey, mini of, 2, 850
■ history of, 257
Locke, Joeeph, Esq., memmr of, 484
Leeshardie Crose, inscription on, 504
London CompanM Plate, 258
Directory 1755, 626
— — The Great Fire, 14
■ and Middlesex, and Surrey Areketo*
Iflfleol &dc«ft, meeting of, 6S4
Index to Staays, IfC.
Long Eveaitigt ; or, Stoiiea toi mj Little
Friends, 6SS
Loil in Ciyldf), 668
Lauvicamp Church, lepulchril italue id,
406
Loaer, M.A., PatronjmicB Brilannica, 6S2
Lucia't Marriage, Vll
Lndlnti Caillt, dmctiplion of, 3B8
LallingUeoe, curious bowl found at, 14!
Lgmitigi, KoiDBn ind Saxon Temains nt.
Xy»«,
t, 577
I isblel round
£yioni, RiT. B., Tbe Romans in Qloueei-
terthiie, 542
Lyitm, Sir E. Baluitr, Works of, 123
Marti Iff lilt Cilg tjfLnndvn, 2aS
Matlrnah, Gtn. Jahn, mcnioii of, 206
tlackie. S. J., First Traces of Life on the
Earth, 180
Madrai and Cuddalore m the Lait Cenlarg,
Malmeibnry, Earl i^f. Literary Works ot,
123
JUaiijnuj Iht Dam, S38
Manner; Lord John. Works of, 12S
Manvert, Caunlii; nn'Tnoiror, 431
Earl, memoir of, 673
Marathon, arnxr-Leads Tuund on the Geld
of, 306
Margaret iif Coaaay, IBS
MariaK, 1S3
617
Marilan Moor, battle of, 30
Marlin, Felir John, Eiq., memoir of, 188
Mars Mrrlon, 183
Quien, Council-book of, 3
Statute-book of. 9
Heart Atbbg Church, design for reitoia-
tion of, 146
Merkhnburg-Strelltt, 11. HE. the Qrand
Dukt q/; memoir of, 430
Memento mori medal, 144
Meigiham Cour
e 0/ Wal,
, 4S3
Ifailtea Cowl, hiatorjr of, SOT
Mamar-haiut, £08
Feiiry-baoki, extnEU from
Napier, Maj. Qen. £., and the Srri
lief Fund, &7Z
Narrien, Join, Btq., roemiur of, IM
Nell Gwgime, rigfnmtara of, 62fi
Neptune'i Mermi, 65S
Nelley Abb€ii, diseareria* it, 110
restonlion of, 147
NnilHolt,u\B%t.6S\
Nimeaitle Socieig of jinlimua-itt, t
of, 291,399, 518, 632
iil»er pennies foand mt, 6
NewenI, The Boolball, 3S1
Neapnrt Garruon in Iht Cnil Wm,
Pagittll, lempoiarj MoM
39&
Niall Iff the Nine Htetaget, 1 16
Nibliy, ancient faouae at, S5]
Northampton, St SepnlebM*! Chu
storation, G13
Norlhamploiuhirt ArekUtetand ,
meeting of, SIO
Stpn
Norlhumher/and, Earl ^, Btandan) ■
burial of, S
Ntrmeh, Corporation aecoiiati of, 1
Milton, stone coffina found at, 403
Minor Prophrti toilh a Commentary, 664
Mimler Church in Shcf^y, 243
Hiecellanea, 406
Monaelic Pariih Churcliei, arrangementi
of, 66
Mouainglon Church, design for lestoiBtlon
of, 143
Montreal Cathedral, opcninpof, 147
Moaumealttl Brasiet, remarks on, 62S
Morgtt, Lake- dwellings at, 390
Morri; Mr. Jetrph, memoir of, 19S
T. A., House fur the Suburbs. 79
Moulim, vie« of the Roman Kilna disco-
vered near. 604
Murray, Rev. Thoi. Boylei, memoir of, 553
M-uic in Brazil, 310
Mfuteiidi, Sir Andrtv, memoir of, S64
0'/>dni^tw, /., EarlT Iriih Hiatoi
374
Oghawi, calltd Segramaat ilone, 491
Ogle, Roirrl, monumeut of, MO
Ogaf, lepulchral ehamber at, 498
Ottly, W. 8., Development of CI
* ■■ ^-iltalj,480
- 1 ol
«(*. 14
Originml Documtmti, 140, S80, 4B
617
Orkniy, antiqaitia tonnd in, 40S
Orleani, churches at, 517
synagogues at, 626
Omerod, tfm. Pirri, £if ., mcinut <
(yShee Family, Genealogical NotM
160
Ot/ard JrchiteclMTol aad Hitltriad ,
619
Bodleian Library, coUcel
diawiDRB in, 406
Britiah Aaaooiatlon at, 14S
ifasnia, worka at, 14£
- Bemarks on the, I
Palimpieil Bratijrom Ctmmmll, SI
Papal Built retaling le Setllmitd, 11
Parehmtnl BereU wrUfn as IMO, i
Index to Essays, ifC.
695
Parker y Rev. Johny memoir of, 675
Pass and Class^ 81
Paironymica Britanniea, 652
Payny Stephen, seal of, 144
Pechell, John, Esq,, memoir of, 678
Penmaen, Camp on, 481
PenmaentnawTf description of, 501
Penmon Priory, 497
Penrhyn Castle, site of, 501
PentonmlUx design for new church at, 146
Pepysy Rt, Rev. Renry, Sp. qf Worcester,
memoir of. 674
Perciesy Old Heraldry of the, 18
Percival, family of, 506
Peter the Cheat and Gen. Patrick Gordon,
13
Peterborough Cathedral, painting of, 510
Pevensey Castle, visit to, 404
Philippa, Queen, tomb of, 37
Phoenician inscription, 143
Photographic Pictures, 511
Piccopcy Rev. G. J., Lancashire and Che-
shire Wills, 172
Pidgeon, K., Handbook for Shrewsbary,
171
P'igot, Rev. H., Hadleigh, 135
Pike, Disuse of the, 227
Pilgrim* s Sonnet, A, 129
Pilkington's, Bishop, Letters, 484
Pinner, Nuremberg jetton found at, 148
Planche, J. R., The PursuiYant of Arms,
252
Plas Alcock, chimney-stack at, 501
PlaS'Newydd, tumulus and cromlech at,
499
Plasterers* Company, plate of, 254
Plate of Ancient date, collection of, 253
Platonic Dialogues for JEnglith Readers,
173
Playford Church, 637
' Hall, description of^ ^^
and the Feltons, 686
Poacher* s Dog, anecdote of, 583
Poem of the Book of Job done into English
Ferse, 419
Pole, Cardinal, character of, 8, 6
Political Poems and Songs, 130
Pontefract Castle, 292
Pope Pius IX., Constitution o^ 170
Portbury Camp, fortifications of, 507
— — — Church, Norman doorway at, 507
■ Priory, ruins of, 507
Porthamely site of, 499
Portishead Church, restoration of, 506
Potter, Mr. F., birth of, 614
Powell, Rev. Baden, memoir of, 204
Poujis Castle, paper on, 388
Poyser, Thomas, Esq., memoir of, 319
Prague, synagogue at, 527
Primer of the Art of Illumination, 654
Privy Council Records, extract from, 8
Public Worship, Out, 174
Pusey, E, B., The Minor Prophets, ftc,
654
Puynormand, remaina at^ Z&S
Quaich of ebony and ivory, 403
Queenborough Castle, 237
Railway Station, 242
Queens of Society, The, 181
Ralph Seabrook, 658
Rational JEnJoymentt rfthe Poor, Necessity
of Increasing, 584
Reigate, Surrey Archaeological Society at,'
154
• Barons' Cave at, 156
• Priory, oak mantel>piece at, 156
■ temporary museum «at, 156
Reliquary, The, 171 ; No. II., 541
RenUnisceneet : by a Clergyman's Wife,
176
Researches into the Religimu of Syria, 655
Rewley Abbey, foundation-stone of, 622
Richard I., coronation of, 160
Richmond, Duke of, memoir of, 665
RingthaU Church, fresco at, 542
Rippon, Roger, death of, 140
Roberts, Mr, George, memoir of, 201
Robertson, J, C, On '* Becket," 163, 410
Roche Abbey, excavations at, 291
■ photographic illustrationa
of, 308
Rodmarton Manor-house, 351
Roman inscribed and sculptured etones, 246
■ keys, 626
■ remains in Kent, 141
' roads in Scotland, 518
Romans in GUmeestershire, 542
Rome, Old St Peter's, at, 536, 570
Roos, family of, vicissitudes of the, 81
Roquetaillade Castle, architecture of, 356
Roseisle, opening of a cist at, 408
Rother, ancient vessel found in Uie, 288
Rothley, cross at, 361
Round Churches, description of, 514
Ruardean, licence to orenellate, 844, 851
Russia, The Empress Mother rf, memoir o(
665
• Grand Duchess Anne qf, memoir
of, 319
Rustington Church, design for restoration
of; 145
Rutland Churches, 118
St. Bar be Family, pedigree o^ 414
St. BriaoeVs Castle, chimney-tops at, 838
St. Edmund, legend of, 138
St. Hugh, Bishop rf Lincoln, metrical life
of, 459
I rf Lincoln and the Early English
Style, 640
St. John*s Church, dilapidated sUto of, 290
St. PauPs Cathedral, reparation o^ 144
St. Thomas, 409
Sabina, coin of, 898
jSSniMiaii ware, ornamented, 144
Sandys, Lord, memoir of, 190
Sate Cobur^ Gotika, H.R.H. Duchess Doww
rf, memoir of, 550
Seandinaman Old-Lore and Antiquities, 696
Sehaible's Practical Elementary ExereUei
in the Art rf Thinking, 422
ri'
■.[
696
Index to Etsays, tfc.
l'\
\
- ■!
V
"1
i il: ,1
1'
r, I
< I
' t
Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of, meeting
of, 152, 402
■ Church History of, 362
Rowland HUl in, 369
— ^^— - Roman roads in, 518
Whitfield in, 368
Scottf G. G., Lecture on Westminster Ab-
bey, 33
Sir F. E., Shall the New Foreign
Office be Gothic or Classic ? 806
Scottish coins, collection of, 403
Sea- Board and the Down, The, 578
Sea Kings of England, The, 658
Seals, silver, collection of, 624
Seals or Benches in Churches, 134
Sebert, King, tomb of, 40
Seckford'hall, architecture of, 635
Seck/ord's tomb, 635
Sedbury, Roman remains at, 280, 334
Segedunum, cohort of Lingones at, 248
Selbt/, discovery of an ancient cemetery,
.639
Sheerness Dockyard, 239
Shelton, MS. vol. of coats of arms of the
family of, 533
■ Church, painted glass at, 532
Shelve-hill lead mines, 389
Sheppey, A Fisit to, 237
■ agriculture in, 241
The Coterells, 238, 239
Sherbum Church, coats of arms, 75
Sherburne, cross at, 361
Shiffnal Church, visit to, 388
— ^— ^ architectural peculiarities
of, 389
Shipwrecks and Adventures at Sea, 658
Shrewsbury Abbey Oiurch, 387
' Archsological Association at,
386
— — Norman Earls of, 387
— ^— Illustrated Handbook for, 171
Book, Manuscript, 388
Shrine of the Confessor, 33
Shropshire, dialect of, 386
castles of, 388
■ local legends of, 389
Sladct Bev, James, memoir of, 674
Slanning Family, history of, 629
Smith, C. B,, Collectanea Antiqna, 420
- Lieut,- Gen, Sir Marry G, W., me-
moir of, 553
Mr. Albert, memoir of, 96
S,, After Many days, 183
T,, Steetley Church, 308
Somersetshire Archetological and Natural
History Society, 502
■ county history of, 502
Songs of Life, 183
Southam-house, near Cheltenham. 353
Southampton, Lord Treasurer, letter of, 144
South Comey, house at, 353
Sparkwell Chapel qf All Saints, memorial
windows in, 627
Speeches in Parliament, H. Drummond, 657
Squaring the Circle, 421
Staffordshire CUg
631
Siandish, foarteenth caBtniy hoiui
Staneshy, S., Birthday Sonvenirp €
Stanley Pontlargtf lioence to gi«bi
manor-house at, S47
Steetley Ckarch^ iUniMod, 308
^— Norman chapel at, 280
Steeton-hall, Sherhwm-im'Elwi^i, \
tare of; 78
Stemrnaia BoteviUiema^ 467
Stephen, coronation of, IGO
Stevington, crosa at, 861
Steyne's Qrirf, 183
Stokesay Castle, licence to erenelli
Stone Church, double-faced braaa i
Stone impUmentM, 168
Strqfford, Field Marthai lAe JS^
moir of, 89
Stroud, town-hall, 851
SudeUy CastU, ritit to, 282
— — — ^ description ol^ 851
Si{ffolJe Institute ^f Archaeology mts^
History, 634
Surrey Arehaologieal Society, annc
ing of, 154
Surtees Society, meeting o^ 292
Sussex- Archaolegieal Society^ me
403, 637
^-...._.,_ eolleGtion% .
Swedish Coinage, 449
Swinburne, Sir John JSdward^ nu
551
Switzerland, Ancient Lake-Dwell
585
Sydney, Sir Philip, fiineial of, 229
Syrian Belief Fund, The, 872
Table Clock wUh tUver dkU, 626
Tablecloth, of 1631, 687
Tara, Kings rf, nZ
Tetbury, The Orange at, 847
Tewkesbury Abbey Ckmrth, archite
261
ThaekweU, LieuL^Gmu Sir Joi^k,
of, 208
Thames, nut-eraeken and aeal I
the, 148
— ^ street, {Upper,) Roman p
in, 626
Thanet, alabaster panel-tciUptnr
894
Anglo-Saxon relies fiwad
Mill, 533
Theatrical Jiidnager'e Book, loaf ft
Thebes, Ublet of Tholhmes III. fi
142
TherfieU, gold coin found aL 148
Thomas Beeket or Thonuu rf Temdt
Thompson, George Tho^ •&f-t mci
432
Thornbury Cattle, Tisit to^ 278
"— description of, Zl
Church, restontfion o^ 2!
Thorpe Arnold, cross a^ 861
iSbAite, uchitMtnn of; 290
u
r
Index to Essays, 8fC.
697
Thnle of the Ancients, 403
ThynnCf family of, 469
Tickenham Churchy effigies in, 505
Tichford Monastery, foundation of, 396
Tiltey Church, brasses in, 524
- Abbey, Essex, description of, 524
Timbs, J., Curiosities of Science, 178
Token of Joseph Sayer, 1 43
Tomlinson, C, Illustrations of Useful Arts,
178
To7fe, Theobald Wolf, commission of, 150
Tong Church, monuments in, 388
Torr, St. Michael's chapel at, 628
Tortworth, Roman villa at, 265
Tradesmen's Tokens, 631
Treasure Trove, 385
order respecting, 521
The Law of, 610
Tremadoc, British circle of stones above,
489
Treienan Court, 182
Tweed, //. E., The Apostles and the Offer-
tory, 656
Tyrwhitt, Rev. R, St, /., Our Public Wor-
ship, 174
Upper Powys, Princes of, 387
Faience, William de, tomb of, 36
Venice, Runic inscription at, 287
Vercelli, Mosaic pavement at, 170
Vernon, A dm., medal of, 398
Verulamium, Roman fibula found at, 617
Vespasian, bronze coin of, 631
Vieux, inscription found at, 248
Visitation of Arms in the University and
Town of Cambridge, 407
Volunteer Review, 40
Volunteers of the time of Elizabeth, 229
Walcot, Sir Thomas, query respecting, 110
family of, 334
WaUere^s, King, Lay, fragments of, 1 19
IFales, incised stones in, 497
Waltham Abbey, lecture on, 45
■ Church, restoration of, 147
Walton Castle, architecture of, 506
Walwick Grange, old chest at, 402
Wangen, pottery from, 592
Wanswell Court, visit to, 278
• description of, 347
Wanton, William le, licence to fortify his
chamber at Crumhale, 344
Ward, Sir Henry George, memoir of, 432
Warden, Northumberland, early monu-
ment at, 402
Sheppey, landslip at, 244
Church, partly rebuilt with stone
from Old London Bridge, 244
Warton, O. and P,, The Queens of So-
ciety, 181
Wnterford, Roman Catholics of, 398
Waxc handlers' Company, charter and plate
of, 255
Wayboume Church, Norfolk, 66
Wenlock Abbey, ruins of, 387
Westham Church, {Sussex,) 403
Westminster Abbey, Gleanings from, ZZ
Gent. Mag. Vol. CCIX,
Westminster Fabric Roll, 293
Weston-in-Gordano, Church of, 506
WestweU Church, chancel of, 336
Whewell, Dr., Platonic Dialogues, 173
Whichcord, John, Esq., memoir of, 203
White*s Photographic Handbook to Work-
sop, <^c., 308
Whitenhurst, Earl of Hereford licensed to
fortify his house at, 344
Whitfield in Scotland, 368
Whittington, Richard, History of, 261
Whitwell Church, tomb at, 289
Wight, Isle of, French Invasions, 440
■ Proposed Fortifications, 456
Wilkins, Rev. /. M., The Worship of
Christ's Church, 82
Wilkinson, Mr., iron mines of, 471
Willis, Professor, lecture by, at Cam-
bridge, 52
. at Glou-
cester, 270
Wilson, Horace Hayman, Esq., memoir of,
196
Rt. Hon. James, memoir of, 432
Winchcombe, Abbey, licence to fortify, 344
Winchester, circular fibula found at, 144
Winchilsea, Earl of. Poem of the Book of
Job, 419
Wire, Mr. Aid. D. W., memoir of, 679
Wolfe, A., Hymns for Public Worship,
656
Woodbridge Church, description of, 635
Woodford, Rev. J. JR., The Opened Door,
82
Worcester Archaological Club, 157
■ Bishop of, memoir of, 674
Guesten-hall at, 42, 64, 139,
145, 395
subscription for the restoration
of the Guesten-hall at, 142
Roman relics at, 159
Worcestershire, Celtic and Roman remains
in, 157
Works of the Romano- Gaulish Ceramist$,
602
Worksop Priory Church, photographic
illustrations of, 308
Worle-hill, encampment on, 504
flint knives found on, 505
Wortabet, Rev, J., Researches into the Re-
ligions of Syria, 655
Wraxhall, (North,) Roman villa disco-
vered at, 157
Wren, Dr. Christopher, birth of, 614
Wright, T., Esq., Political Poems and
Songs, 130
Wrington Church, architecture of, 509
Wroxeter, antiquities from, 144
excavations at, 284
-^— Church, monuments at, 390
— — — tesselated pavements at, 390
' description of its antiquities,
891
WyUngton, Henry of, licence to fortifjr hit
house at Culverden, 834
4o
Index to 2fame».
Vale, remiln* of the galehon«e»t, 843
Yallen Chareh, arohiteeturB of, S09
York, Roman well «1, 2ti2
iiucription found »i the Mount, ne»r,
S20
sepulchral itone dipicovered at, B20
Yorliihire, Du([dBle'» Visitation of, 28
Extinct Baronetciea of, 32
Tarkiliirt, Litenrj' Han of, M
Noblo Familica of. SI
PUlaiophie^ SoeUly, S
Tang/ial, inedilHl token! of, ISO
Young, Jamtt fvrbn, Btq., me
320
Zirich, implnnenti fbnad in Ilia
INDEX TO NAMES.
Including Birlht, Marriagea, and DeaHu.—Tit longer artiaUt t^Deati
entered in the preeading Index lo SMiagt, ^v.
Abbott, P.M. 313;
S. S. 189
Abel], C. 88
Aberdein, R.H.330
Acton, E. Ml
Adair. A. W. 87 i
Capt. W. 87
Adainx, A. M. lOG;
C. 317,427iMr«.
G. E.SISi R.E.
SS6: S. C. 429;
T. C. 602
Addington, lion.
Mm. W.W. 83
Addis, E. 326
Addison, Dr.T. 215;
S. 1). 188
Adeane, U.J. U
Adney, R. L. 100 ;
W. 100
Adye, Mr.. W. L.
euo
Affleck, Lad^, 312
Agar, C. tiSl
Ager. Mr.. W. 6fiO
A|;1en, M. A. 180
Agnew, Mrs. R. V.
600
Aird, J. 426
Aia)ia-Mah3[ned,323
Aked, R. 188 ■
Aker«, M. E. S*S
Albemarle, F. C'lc».
of, 427
Alder, Mrs. II. B.
544
Aldetlon, A. 189
Aleiandet, F. C. H.
218; T. 54C; W.
BSO
AUbrd, A. O. SM
Alicock, C. 328
Allen, A. 187; F.
A. 330 I H. 6S4;
H. A. 86
Alleyne, Ladj R.
lOS
Alliiusen, E. 648
AUnult, H. 212
Almond, S. E. 87
Alphonie, Mrs. C.
J. St. 424
Aliop, J. 103
Alward, A. M. 86
Atnhurat. F. M. S49
Amies, E. 680
Am ti lick. Col. E.
A. 42j; W. R.
B6
Atcher, C. S47 1 B.
S. 428
Arent, H. S47
Ark V right, Man.
Mrs.0.e43,Mr«.
a, w. 600
Armit^e, O. 421 1
J. 439; W.J.426
Armilrong, C. 684
Annylage, C«pt W.
427
443
.ni, M. de,
Anderson, A. 106-,
C. K. S4S: Col.
H. 681: D. M.
Still K. A. 603;
S. 316: T. 321
Andlau, Geo. Count
F. de, 324
Andrew, Mrs. J. C.
659; T. 212
Andrcwes, C. O.
427 ; M. A. 86
Aadrewi, M. A. 106
Anga.% E. 380
Anneiley, A. M. F.
540 i Hon. W. B.
84
Annisnn, A. 32S
Anstis, B. 105
Anstrulher, L. 187
Aniiobus, C. B47;
Mrs. L. 84
Antniis, M. A. 663
Aplin, Capt. B. 566
Applewhaite, H. C.
Aniotl, J. 881 i S.
86
Arras, Mad. De, 18C
Ashburton. RL Hod.
Lady, 184
Ashby, J. 98
Aihcroft, M. 439
Ashworth, R. A. £.
314
87
Aitley, Hon. Hii,
D. (24; lin. ¥.
L'E. 1B<
Atchiaon, L. 083
AtkinMD,E.M.441|
Hon. Mn. J. A.
83iJ.F.87;Mn.
M. 103 ; Mrs. K.
185 ; W. ISB
Attwood, C.A.6SS
Aubi7-Bail]«Dl,Ri,-
Adm. 102
Austen, C. 97
Austin, E. W.6S3;
M».S3
Atcij, J. lOS
Back, A. i
Backer, C.
Backhmue
Bacon, E. 1
H. F. &
B. E. M
Badd*. A.
Bad ham, I
BagnalL, C
Ba^t, Mt
l*S, U:
Bijtahawe,
H. O. 83
Bailer. A.
C. L. S
C. 548
43»i ti
W. B.BI
Baillie, E. J
T. 680
Baily. Un
BaioM, E.
T. B.S4
Baird, D. .
Bak>. A.
187
U. A. "
Mn. J.
BaldiT.lli
BUfKf.U
Indes to Names. 699
Ball, R J. 188; R. Bates, H. 326 Berwick and Alba, B1athwaj^t,O.C.559
681 Battenshaw, J. 443 Duchess of, 561 Bleazard, M. K. 426
Bamfield, M. C. 546 Battersby, C. H. 85 Bethune, J. J. M. Blews, W. H. M.
Bankes, Hon. Mrf. Batty, R. B. 315 317; Mrs. G. C. 314
N. 83 Battye, W. 85 84 Bligh, Mrs. O. W.
Banks, E. R. 427; Baugh, G. 103 Bevan, C. M. 85; 312
H. R. 325 Baum, R B. 547 £. 323 ; Mrs. R. Blight, Rear-Adm.
Bannatyne, G. A. Baumgarten, Mrs. C. L. 543 W. 547
439 E. P. 83 Bey, S. 104 Blozam, Mrs. R. 88
Bannerman, Sir A. Baxter, W. T. 105 Bickersta£^ Lt-Col. Bluett, W. J. G. 425
546 Bayard, R 102 188 Blandell,Miy.-Gen.
Barbar, L. J. 105 Bay ley, A. M. 546; Bickford, Comm. J. F. 323
Barberie, J. N. 685 C. 441; W. B. E. 662 Blunt, Mrs. C. H.
Barclay, A. C. 213 ; 103 Bickham, £. 106 184; Mrs. H. 659
Mrs. H. D. 313 ; Bayly, Mrs. £. 184 Biddell, A. 102 Boates, C. 106
Mrs. J. 423 Baynes, A. 210 Bidder, G. P. 87 Boccomini, P. 827
Bardwell, F. 663 Baynton, E. A. 425 Biddle, M. W. 187 ; Boden, C. 686
Balfour, G. C. 325 Bayntun, C. 664 T. R. 188 Bogedaisi, Mgr., Bp.
Baring, Lt.-CoI. C. Beale, Mrs. U. Y. Biddulph,C.M.817 of Hebron, 680
426 543 Bidgood, S. 212 Boileau, F. G. M.
Barker, Capt.C. 103; Beales, C. 214 Bidwell, Mrs. 103 317
H. 443 ; J. 683 ; Beardmore, J. 106 Biggs, H. L. 428 ; Bolton, Miy.-Gen.
Mrs. T. 424; R. Beattie, Mrs. H. 83 J. A. M. 315 D. 211
L. 664; S.442 Beaujeu, Marq. Q. Bignold, T. F. 185 Bompas, G. C. 189
Barlow, A. 425; L. 441 Bilke, C. J. 427 Bonaparte, J. 106
683 ; R. W. 88 Beaulaincourt, M. Bill, F. E. 663 Bond, Capt. H. W.
Barnard, Mrs. 312 de, 330 Billing, £. N. 661 546
Barnekow, Baron Beavan, J. G. 549 Bingham, J. 442 ; Bonham, A. B. 818 ;
von, 88 Bechely, 1. 210 L. 681 S. E. 214
Barnes, A. 548 Beck, C. C. 429 Bingtey, A. 666 Bonnefond, M. 215
Bamicott, E. 317 ; Beckwith, Mrs. E. Biunington, W. 106 Bonning, S. A. 215
S.J. 317 L. 84 ' Binns,E. 216 Boodle, H. T. 429
Bamley, T. 682 Bedingfeld, S. 8.426 Birch, A. F. 425 Booker, F. 188 ; M.
Barrett, G. H. 560 ; Bedwell, P. F. 822 Birchall, A. S. 188 ; A. 817
H. 88 : J. 210; Beebe, L. 189 S. 426 Booth, G. N. 686
Mrs. O. M. 184 ; Beechey, C. 0. 189 Birds, W. T. 97 Boothby, C. 210
R B. 88 Beeching, A. T. 429 Birks, J. 216 Borlase, Mrs. W. 312
Barrow, E. M. 661 ; Beevor, A. B. 214 ; Biscoe, F. A. 87 Borton, A. 681
Mrs. M. A. 105 E. 438 Bishop, £. 663 ; H. Bosvil^ Mrs. T. B.
Barry, G. 325 ; G. Begbie, A. 212 H. 85 ; L. E. 188 88
W. 548 ; I. 426 Beley, Mrs. C. A. E. Bissett, Mrs. G. £• Boswell, R. B. 97
Barstow, C. M. 185 84 L. 818 Bottomley, S. 682
Barthorp, M. G.661 Bell, E. H. 682; J. Blaaaw, E. H. 663 Boulasao, F. O. de
Bartleet, W. G. 188 H. 437 Blackburn, A. 329 F. de, 828
Bartlett, J. B. 86; Bellew, F. 428 Blackbume, J. L425 Boult, T.'99
J. M. 189 Belper, Lady, 318 Blackden, P. M. 814 Boaltbee, J. M. 102
Bartlitt, G. 218 Belt, E. 830 Blacker, K. G. £. Bound, W. 56S
Barton, H. 684 ; J. Benallack, J. F. 440 545 Bonrehier, Mn. £.
218 Benbow, M. A. 428 Blackmore^ E. F. F. 428
Bartrop, M. 104 Bengough,G.H.545 817 Boorlon, M. R. 443
Bartrum, J. P. 559 ; Bennett, J. H. 1 86 ; Blaokner, L. B. 830 Boutcher, £. 489
M. 187 Mrs. C. J. 184; Blackvell, J. 429; BontteH, W. 680
Bashford, C. B. 88 W. 446 W. B. 830 Bouvet, Bear-Adm.
Baskerville, Mrs. C. Benson, J. 438 ; R. Blagden, W. A. 446 215
G. 659 A. 425 Blair, J. 443 ; Lady BotiU, Mn. W. 184
Baskett, F. A. 661 Bensted, T. B. 545 H. 428 ; M. R. Bowden, M. A. M5
Basnett, E. 560 ; L. Bentley, Mrs. S.424; 663 Bowen, J. 218
W. 330 P. A. 428 Blake, C. B. 87 1 G. Bower, Mn. R. H.
Bassett, P. 326 Ben veil, H. P. 662 L. 549 ; M. M5 ; 818
Bastard, Mrs. W. P. Berens, R. B. 88 Sir F. 44^ Bowie, A. S. 88 ; C.
424 Beresford, M. D. de Blakiston, H. M. 187 M. 681
Batcheler, A. 105 la P. 445 Bland, M. 825 ; T. Bowlby, £. 210;
Bate, H. 545 Berge, M. de la, 215 D. 186 Mrs. 84
Bateman, G. F. C. Beridge, J. P. 830 Blane, C. E. 426 Bewle, C. O. 563
105 Berry, H. M. £. 187 Bl«ishiid,C.M.815 Bowman, R. H. 44ft
Index lo Namet.
Bowneii. C. 31S)
Bnnkhaidl, Xn F.
M. IS6
R.313
H. S3
sts
Bowrins, Sii J. 663
Bnrchart, M. 446
Ckinm, H. SIS
Bowyer, Sir G. 31S
Boja. Sir W. 6(12
Boy«, W. 316
K. E. 215
Burchell, J. H. 68fi
CunplMll. A.
Brown, A. 6S2; D.
BurdoD, F. S. G6S
lST;CoLG.
314j O. 85i H.
Burgeu, Mm. G.
H. 429:
Boym.n. E. 425
Boyiiton, S. C. 684
105; J. E. 664;
18S
Mra. H. 311
Mrs. D. 313; W.
Burgh. C.G.H.d.,
329,563: Li
B™ddoi,.j.c.«r
M. 103
8S
Col. J. 189;
Bri^l«y, Mr>. S.
Browne, E. 324,
Burgherab, Lord,
64B, <SI: U
43S; W. H.5i9
683ir.adyE.100i
327
187: W.S35
BMdshaw, F. G.
F. 659; H. A.
Bnrgoyne, E. Q.
W. IBS
329j M. A.BS
545 ; Hon. J. H.
426
Cunpion, H. M
Br^inton, Mrs. W.
M. 105; Hon. J.
Bu[n,C.8fl, O.A.
Cmndler, E. S4i
I). 185
L. 444; J. 315)
661
C>ne,T. C. 681
Braiihwsite, R. C.
Lieut.-Col. S. J.
Bnmard, C. M. 85
Cann. S. E. 68i
31S
86 ; Mrs. W. B.
Burnett, J. 318 1 M.
Cappel, Mi*. L
Bramley, R- 443
312 '
J. H. 446
Capreol. U. i
Brumseombe.E.lOfi
Browning, D.C. 437
Burrtll, A. S. 188
684
Br.mwell, E.3I8
Bcownion, E. 446
Barrow, E. 106; W.
Cardew, L. IB7
Brand, J. A. 328
Brown-We>(he>d,T.
T. H. 666
M. SIS
Bnndimg, Mni 84
C.429
Burrow., Hra. A.
Ca«w, C. W.
Br»ndrara, S. 105
Bri.ce, L. E. M.
424
B. H. 663;
Braaher, E. A. 325
662; M. A. P.
Burt, W. lot
215 1 L«dj,
Bisis, H. 427
189; Mr.. H. A.
Burton, E. 817 1 R.
W. 186 '
Briund, E. S. fi4S
84 ; S. C. 429
J. 85
Carew-Gibwn,
Stay, C«pL E. W,
Bruere, H. 218
Bary, J. C. 604;
444
87
BrulWn, H. 326
VWtea*, 659
Cany, F. J. 31i
Sieeit, C. 8. 317
Bryan, H. C. C. 646
Buifeild, E. 66)
Carfrae, Oen. 4
Brenchley, T. H.
Bryant, E. J. 663
Buih, H. L. M«,
Carrill. W. 6W
Cirlyon. C.pt.
429, 545, S60
Buchanan, G. 425;
Mn. M. F. SII
Brewer, M. 647
U.425
Biuhbr, L. 561
Camiichael. J
BrewertoD, M. M.
Buckingham, E. H.
BuUber, E. H. 187
211: Un.]]
105
563
Bullet, C.E.K. 88;
C^negi,. Lad,
Brewin, R. 328
Buekland, E. 0.
Hon.J. F. 185
88 : Ladr, 11
BrewBler, B. 316
647; J. L. 213;
Butt, G. M. 685
C»rp.i.tet. A.
Bri^tlingliBm, T. C.
M. A. S. 189 ; S.
Butlerfldd. A. 6S0
661 : Hh.-
562
647
Bn(ter«orth,H.e89;
T. D. 681
Brice, E. 85
Buckle, Mrt 318
M. J. S4S
Cut. I. 488: 1
Bridge, T. G. 561
Buckley. Mm. J. 84
Bultler. Cape. W,
£48 1 W.66I
BHdger, A. 424;
Bucknall, W. 210
H. A. 545
Crringtw^ F
Mr.. C. 312
Budd, H. S. 187;
Byaia, M. F. 104 1
S27
Bridges, M. 99
Mra. E. 184
Mn. 681
Crroll. T. W. i
Brigg», M™. 185 i
Bylei, H. N. 681
Car., Count d«
N. W. A. 545
186
Byne, L. H. 88
Carter, H. M.
Bright, Mra. B. 644
Buiic, Dr. 680
Byng, Vice-Adm.
J. 186; B.
Britco, A. 102
Bull, H.E.M.86;
Hon. H. D. 603
T. A. 664
Brotk, M. 3 18
Mrs. G. 543; S.
Byrne, J. 546
Carthew. P. 87
Brocklchudi, M. A.
W. 680
Cade, J. 441
217; J. A.*
316
BuUer. C. 104j M.
Ceur, Mn. J. SIS
CaHwrigbl, X
A. 212; M»j.-
Cahaigna, M. J. 101
«86;'l3,^
Bradit, A. C. 189i
G™. F. T. 106;
Cahlmaan, ChcT. 8.
Mn. J. R. «3
Mra. A. 0. 669 ;
Mr.. W. E. 312
329
Caroa - WUtca,
Mr>. F. 184
BuiJock, G.T. 429;
CaUDtr, E. H. 681
679
Brodrick, H. C. 31T
J. 663; W. J.
Catdecolt, Lieat. B.
Carwilha,., L t
Broke, H. 87 ; Ll.-
211
J. 445 I tin. 188
Carj, W. 663
Gen. G. 442
Bulmer, E. A.323i
Calder.™, 327
Caa., U. I. 6SS
BromleT, M. 314
M. 318; R. P.
Caley, Mr*. D. 42S
Caaer. M. J. »
C*atlcl>.6M;
Biook, S. A. 211
CaUuider, J. A. B.
Brookes, P. E. 427
BuUeel, G. F. 189
86
424; N. 686
Brooki, C. 661 ;
Bunbury, M. 84
Calleadw, H. 427
Caitlay. T. VI
Mr.. H. 312
Bundock, Mr.. A.
Caller, Mri H. 3IS
Cal»r. S. ses
firouckere,M.C.de,
F. 83 : Mr.. 561
Ckl.ert, R. 566
Cattl,, E. J. 81
98
Bunny, Mr.. A. 184
Cam, 3. E. 565
CattlBy. J. H, .
Brough, R. B. 214
Came, A. 318
Hi^V.SW
Index to Names.
701
Cator, B. P. 548;
J. T. 549
Causton, A. T. 444
Cautley, H. 547
Cavan, S. 318
Cave, Mrs. A. B.
544
Cave-Brown, Mrs.
J. 660
Cave - Brown - Cave,
R. 210
Cawdor, Earl of, 684
Cayley, G. J. 428
Cazenove, E. 441
Cecil, H.547; Lady
R. 184; Lord E.
G. 429
Chadwick, E. W.
328; J. S. 444;
R. A. 424
Chaffers, T. 97
Challis, E. 684 ;
J. L. 87
Chalmers, Lt.-Gen.
Sir W. 104
Chalon, A. E. 564
Chamberlain, J. G.
662
Chamberlayne, L.
216
Chambers, Capt. W.
W. 105; E. C.
685; R.664; W.
97
Champney, G. 440
Chancellor, A. 544;
J. H. 213
Chandoir, E. Ba-
roness de, 101
Chaplin, I. 546
Chapman, A. E.
443 ; H. C. 663 ;
Mrs. 84; S. A.
106
Charlton, Mrs. J. A.
659
Charsley, W. H. 88
Charteris, Lady M.
423
Chase, Mrs. H. M.
543
Chater, Mrs. H. 83
Chalfield,Mrs.C.H.
543
Chatterton, S. 445
Cheek, Mrs. O. 99
Chermside, Sir R.
A. 445
Chervannes, M. 323
Chesterman, H. B.
314
Chetwynd, Lady,
105
Chichester, F. 97,
189
Chittenden, Mrs.
C. G. 659
Cholmeley, H. 439
Cholmondeley, H.
V. 189
Christie, J. 548 ; J.
F. 559
ChurchiU, M. A.
564
Churton, J. 106 ;
M. 85
Clabon, C. B. 317
Clare, E. 548
Clark, A. 314; E.
565; G. 0*317;
T. 318; W. 101,
321; W. H. 186
Clarke, B. 548 ; H.
317; J. 86, 549;
M. A. 683 ; Mrs.
L. S. 659
Clay, T. S. 87
Claypole, A. 316
Clayton, E. C 314
Cleaver, F. J. 546
Clement, M. H. 330
Clements, Mrs. C.
F. 84
Clephaue, Mrs. 84
Cleveland, H. 661
Clifford, Hon. Mrs.
H. 185; J. 566;
Lady, 313; Miss
M. 185; R. 546
Clifton, J. 188
Clipperton, Mrs. 424
Close, E. C. 100;
I. 189; Mrs. F.
A. 313
Clough, C. 102;
Miss B. 566
Clutterbuck, E. L.
312; J. 100 {Mrs.
H. 184
Clutton, T. 686
Coaker, J. 105
Coaks, S. 99
Coare, W. 446
Cobb, Mrs. W. F.
185; T. E. 189;
W. P. 661
Cobbold, E. 559;
H. C. 85
Cochrane, Hon. Mrs.
W. E. 682 ; Mrs.
B. 312; A.E. S.
564
Cockbum, Mrs. 84
Cockerell, H. S. 425
Codrington, J. 560
Coke, J. 215 ; Mrs.
W. S. 83
Colbatch, J. 562
Colbourne, Mrs. J«
313
Coldham, L. H. 314
Cole, F. T. 324;
G. C. 86; Mrs.
H. D. 84
Colebrooke, Lieut.
J. R.A.98; S.J.
214
Coleman, M. C. 330
Coleridge, A. D.
318
CoUard, E. 87
Collett, E. C. 428 ;
T. 428
Collier, Mrs. J. F.
660
Colling,Capt. J. 101
CoUingwood, S. E.
317
Collins, E. 85; J.
188; M.W. 662;
W. 188
Collinson, L. 428;
Lieut. T. B. 97
Collison, E. 426
Collyns, C. H. 186
Colmore, Mrs. T.
659
Colston, M. 561
Colvile, M. E. 85
Colville, E. S. 317
Combe, E. 5QQ
Comins, A. 187
Compton, Mrs. 329
Condon, J. 87
Conyers, Lord, 318
Coode, C. P. 562
Cook, S. A. 425
Cooke, C. 85; E.
426 ; F. 97
Cookson, C. 314;
Mrs. 812; Mrs.
W. 185
Cooper, C. A. 662;
Col. J. 327; E.
86; Mrs. 312,
660 ; M. F. 323 ;
W. D. C. 330
Coote, C. T. 685
Copland, Mrs. P.
660
Cornish, A. A. 559 ;
D. 87
Cornwall, J. 683 ;
S. 218
Comwallls, Hon. C.
663
Corrance, I. A. 425
Corrie, £. 426
Corsellis, Mrs. A. A.
544
Corser, G. 441
Coster, A. 547; F.
M. 684
CoBwav, £. C. 187 ;
W. H. 85
Cottell, Capt. J. W.
566
Cotton, A. 102; J.
218
Cottrell, G. A. 564
Courage, E. 549
Courtenay, H. 562
Coventry, M. F. D.
86; St. J. 546
Cowell, C. 664
CowsUde, M. F. D.
547
Cox, F. M. 561 ; H.
P. 211 ; J. S. 425;
Lieut R J. L.
680; Mrs. D. 101;
Mrs. J. M. 659;
S. 566
Coyle, J. 324 '
Crabb, W. J. 188
Cradock^ H. 318,
427 •
Crane, S. 563
Craster, F. I. 213
Craven, Dow. C'tess
of, 442; L. 546;
Mrs. C. A. A.
423
Crawford,LM.439;
Lieut.-CoL J. H.
G. 98; R. 442;
W. 315
Crawley, S. J. 428,
545
Creagh, Sir M. 446
Creasy, Lady, 659
Crelin, M. 548
Cresswell, £. 441
Creswick, Mrs. J.
544
Crewe, R. G. 218
Creyke, Mrs. 424
Cridland, Mrs. J.
185
Crigan, M. 425
Cripps, Mrs. J. M.
313
Critchlcy, Mrs. W.
R.659
Croft, Mrs. P. 660;
R. M. 215
Crompton,T.G.427
Crooke, C. H. 425 ;
D. P. 187
Crosbie, Sir W. E.
564
Cross, F. 316; L.
C. L. 817; M.
84 ; W. 487
Crosse, Mrs. £. W.
660
Crossfield, A. 189
Crowther,J. A.188;
P. W. 428
Cronden, £. 546^
ladof to Namet.
n
i
CruMwell. C. H.
Diubeny. G. W. 8?
Dnre, J. B. C59
6S3, G. A. W.
Diubui, W. 686
Dewear, E. 317
085
Dauwj, M. 4*4
DtwinB. C. O. 187
Cullen, E.M. SM;
Davenport^ra. 83
Dickena, A. L. »36
M. 42S
DaTcy, J. a 106
Diokerton, K. 186
Culverwell, L. A.
Davirt>on,H.I.R.3.
Dickinaon, H. S15 i
5*7
660: J. A. 649)
W.*2B
R. 446
Diektoii, A.W. 329
Col. C. fiSO
Davie, M. A. 106.
Dighy. J. M. 118;
Cuniinmp, J. J. 429
212
Mt..J.D.W.*M
Cm.d.ll.L. D. 314
Daviea, C. C. O'C.
Diilwyn, H. dfl la
CuulifTe, Mrs. 424
85 i M. 559j Mra.
B.36
Cuprage,Mr..J.M.
J. L. 184
Dimrfale, Mr* R.
IB*"
Davia, C. H. 439:
185; W.68*
CurgenTeti. J. B.
E. fi*9j J. 215,
Dingle, J. K. 329
sw
329
Diion, A. 428 ; a
Currty, Mn. F. 83
Divison. G. E. W.
189; F. D. 316;
Currie, Mn. H. G.
65ti, -.66
6.445; R.428I
*24
Da.y, lU 316
W. F.Slfi
Ciirrv,Mr>.D.543i
Dawe, J. 106
Debbie, I. 5*8
P, W. (i62
Dawn, W. J. MeQ.
Dodd, T. 682
CurtdfcF.W. B*8(
*26
Dodgaon, A. 316
M. 318
Dawaon. H. *26j
DDd),J. 86
Curtis, J. 323 J J.
II. K. fi46; J.
Dodwell. G. 817
E. S63
188,*27iM.18»;
Don,enichelli.R.lB7
Curnen, H. 681
R.21Si S.I04
DoratiHe,SirW.10l
Cu*t. K. I. fi63i
Day, C. E. 4*0
Docaldwn, J. 10*(
LieuL-Col. Hon.
Dean, J. 561
T.6*5
P. 427
Decamp., M. A. G.
Donegal), Marohio.
distance. F. 442
4*0
••«. of. 446
Culhbert, A. S4&i
Decaieg, Duke, 682
Dorn>ec, Ura. C. C.
M. C. 428
DeciM, Lord, 31S
83
Cutwort. C. J. 425
De Laaelle, G. F.
Domrord. Hn. 544
Curzon, Hon. Mri.
M. 685
Daugtii,F. M. 86;
H. fi43i Hon.
DeLiale, A. T. 85;
J. 684 1 Lady O.
Mrs. 6&0
Mr.. R. V. 060
J. S48; Mr* P.
D>bb>,J.439:S.A.
Dclmc, M. 106
U. 659; N. 66*
410
Delme-Radelillfc, S.
Dowdeawell, M. BB5
Dade, T. 670
W. 086
Dooding.A. 566
Dakers, C. 102
Denip.y. C. 56*
Dowker, H. A. 428
I>^e, J. 137
Deudy, B. S, *29
Downe, J.L.H.5f8
Dallcn, D. I?0
Dei.iton. Hon. Hra.
Downe., C. 444,
Ualley, W. C.Sie
W. B. ,112
664; Rl Hon.
Dalton, W. £64
Denjoy, M. *4*
Lady, 566
Daly, C. 187 ; Mrs.
Deniii., K. G. S28 ;
Downing, Mr* S. P.
83
U. A. 84; M. 106;
18*
Dally. MrtS. 185
U. 31*
Dowion. A. 214
Damcr. Hon. Mn.
D*nt, C. A. 316;
Doiat, C. 317
S. D. 312
Mr.. J. D. 313
Dneger, B, 440
Dampier. M. E. 87
Derine, 0. 680
Drake, Capt. W. E.
Daiibv, E. P. 411
De.a[iKe>,SirF.4*8
212; C. D. 814;
Dance, C. 86
Deacarrieren, Gen.
H. 4*6
Dane. Lieut. J. 1*5
F.440
Drane, W. 547
Descliene^ Adin. P.
Druee, S. 324
423
211
Urummmd, Hon.
Daiiictl, C. J. 318;
Deslais, M. 99
Mr* U. 184
W. 326
De Sola. D. A. 683
Dryidale, S. 439
DanTcri, F. C. 661
Dettmar, E. E. 86
Du Boulaj, Mr* ?.
Darke, E. 217
Devas, T. 684
H.312
Darley, H. ]). 562
Ueveni.li,C.W.5**
Dnckwortfa, Lady,
Darling, II. 562
De.««ux, Hem. H.
Darwin, M. S. fi4i
de B. S47
Dudding. C. 87
D»h»oad, Hon.
Devey, Mr* C. H.
Dudgeon, CoL F.H
Mrs. G. 83; J.
185
E. 915
DeviolaJne. M. 4*5
S.660
£44; R.
DancomlN
lCr*C.
Dunkin. J,
Dunn. J.
684 1 W
Dunatbrd,
DuDBter, 1
Dupml,
£03
Dnppa. F.
Dnpuia, G
Iwnford,
Durrvnt, 1
DumlI,H
Oyu, J. I
Dfer. S. II
Uyke^C.
DytnoDd, 1
316
Dynolej,
ia'.n'
EutoD, A.
«3B
£*ti», & .
Eddowea, ;
Edo, J. 83
EdcD. A. 1
EdgcwDith
J. 323,6
184; H
423; II
660; W
£ldrid, T.
Eliot, W. ]
Elioit, O. <
Ellii;
.J. ■
£ll«nli*w,
681
KIley, T, I
Klliconibs,
Elliot, 3. I
Elliott, C
S. 441 i
B. B. 31
Ellu, A.
C. M.
J.D. U
Index to Names.
703
423 : Mrs. J. 84 ;
T. C. 186
Ellison, K. 99
Elmer, M. 545
Elmore, J. R. 441
Elphinstone, H. W,
317: Rt. Hon.
Lord, 218
Elsdale, R. 439
Else, F. E. 85
Elvey, Mrs. G. 659
Elvy, J. 546
Elwes, J. E. 187
Emerson, H. A. 108
Emmet, J. 101
Empson, W. 566
England, A. 684; S.
A. 548
Entwistle, E. 683;
W. 441
Enys, J. M. 426
Erskine, S. 100
Erwin, Mrs. A. S.
313
Etheridge, A. F. F.
428
d'Etiolles, M. L,
442
Evans,A.R.E.685;
C. 444; E. M.
318; F.314; Mrs.
D. E. 184; W.
100, 545
Every, Lady, 543
Eves, A. W. 425
Ewens, Mrs. G. B.
312
Eyre, C. W. 321
p:yres, Capt. 11.218
Eyton, Mrs. 84
Fagan, E. L. 323;
Mrs. G. H. 543
Fairclough, R. 661
Fairhead,M. M. 187
Fairlie, Lady C. 312
Fair weather, M. A.
561
Falconer, Hon. Mrs.
K. 544
Falkner, T. 663
Folris,Comm. J. de,
443
Fane, J. A. 88
Fanshawe, Mrs. H.
L. 659
Farhall, E. H. 562
Farina, Baron L. 84
Farquliar, M. 85 ; T.
315
Farr, L. 441
Farrell, J. A, 315
Farrer, F. W. 316;
Mrs. F. VV. 424
Fauldes, W. 211
Faulkner, C. A. 441
Fawcett, C. 86, 444 ;
H. 186; M. 318
Fawcitt, I. M. 429
Fear n side, Mrs. T.
R. 184
Feilden, Mrs. 660
Fellowes, Mrs. B.
83; W. B. 548
Fellows, Sir C. 684
Fendall, Mrs. C. B.
660
Fenton, A. J.K. 188
Fenwick, J. P. L.
559; J.P. L.438;
Lt.-Col C. 216
Fergusson, Lady £.
543
Fernandes, V. M. L.
316
Femeley, Mr. 105
Fasting, H. B. 315
Few, C. 216
Ffoulkes, Mrs. W.
W. 184
Field, Mrs. G. T.
659
Fielder, M. 327
Filmore, Mrs. S. A.
103
Finnimore, Maj. B.
K. 323
Fish, J. D. 314;
Miss J. 213; Mrs.
R. G. 660
Fisher, C. 315; E.
683; J. 101; Lady,
563 ; Lady L. C.
565 ; M. 87
Fitz Gerald, Mrs. T.
312
Fitzgerald, Mrs. W.
83
Fitzherbert, Mrs. J,
K. sis
Fitz Hugh, E. 317
Fitzpatrick, H. J.
88
Fitzroy, A. 100
Fitz Roy, B. A.549
Flaherty, J. 217
Flatman, N. 439
Fletcher, A. 563;
C. J. H. 315;
J. 683 ; Mrs. E.
424
FIcurimond, Abb^,
328
Flexmore, R. 440
Flood, L. T. 213
Flower, H. 441; M.
327; Mrs. L. 318;
Mrs. P. W. 83
Flowerdew, A. 330
Foot, W. 547
Forbes, Capt. J. G.
98; Hon. C. M.
H. 189; M. 565;
T. L. 86
Ford, J. 446; Mrsi
W. B. 83
Fordati, S. E. 427
Fordham, £. 439
Forester, Hon. Mrs.
H. 424
Forget, Marq. de,562
Forrest, M. M. 186
Forrester, Capt. J.
N. 216
Forster, C. 317; J.
566
Forsyth, A. 88 ; Mrs.
T. D. 184
Fortescue, J. D. T.
330
Forward, Mrs. S.
312
Fosbrooke, E. 328
Foster, M. A. 826 ;
W. 546
Fotheringham, D.
316; T. F. S. 88
Fourdrinier, H. J.
84 ; M. 429
Foweraker, £. M.
102
Fowke, Mrs. 424
Fowle, E. C. 561
Fowler, A. M. 315;
H. 544 ; Vicc-
Adm. R. M. 102
Fox, A. R. C. 188;
E. M. 88 ; H. J.
438, 559 ; J. 679;
M. 326; M. H.
439; Miss, 683;
Mrs. E. W. 660 ;
V. S. 548
Francis, J. G. 548 |
S. H.214; S. W.
548
Eraser, Capt C. R.
317; Mrs. 441;
W. F. C. S, 187
Frederick William,
Princess, 184
Freebaim, A. M. C.
662
Freeman, F. E. £.
C. 663
Frend, F. A. 324
Freston, A. 99
Frewin, E. H. 425
Frost, F. A. 212; T.
663
Fry, B. 218; W. A.
324
Fryer, A. A. 88
Fuge, Comm. £. P.
439
Fulcher, H. C. 187
Fulford, A.M. 566;
K. 425
Fullarton, H. 99
Fuller, Capt. R. H.
683; C. E. 189;
Mrs. G. A. 184
Fulshaw, E. S. 663
Funneby, A. C. 189
Furlong, W. H. 325
Furrell, A. 85; C.
L. 85
Fumess, M. St. C.
318
Fyler, J. W. T. 85
Gage, Hon. Mrs. £.
544; Hon. Mrs.
684
Gaisford, K. 563;
Mrs. G. 660
Gale, G. 816; L S.
85
Gales, J. 326
Gambler, J. M. 318
Gamson, M. A. 105
Gandell, T. 443
Gard, Miss M. S.
218
Garde, C. de la, 566
Gardiner, M. M. P.
545
Gardner, A. 105; £.
188; H. M. 426;
J. C. 187
Garner, F. 330; J.
100
Garratt, F. 218; T.
87
Garrett, Comm. E.
443
Garrido, Donna M.
T. 327
Gaskell, Mrs. H. L.
83
Gates, Mrs. G. 813
Gaye, Miss, 826
Gaynor, H. D. 323
Geach, Mrs. R. £•
184
Oeare, A. J. 103
Gedgc, W. W. 187
Gee, F.679; J. 565
Cell, £. 188 ; £. I.
442
Geneite, M. 321
Gerard, T. 188
German, Mrs. 83
Gerardy-Saintine,M.
830
Gerrard, M. L. ^^^
Gerrish, A. M. 814
Gibbins,Mri.D.445
Gibbon, W. W. 545
Gibbons, Capt F.
663
Gibbs, W. L. 442
Index to Name$.
'I I
GibKn, G.J. 217:
L.dy 1.184; Mrt
Giier, A. M. ff48
H«lMy, 1
J. A. 102; E. T.
83i M.A.C.549I
OrieTea, Mn. I.
SIX
189iW. 102,8IS,
MriL C. W. 424 i
1 85
Hun, T. :
6SI)
Mr.. J. 312
Griffith, S. F. 688
BuDiltO.
Gilbert. E. 5621 F.
Gorton, Mn. C. 659
Qriffitha, K. M.A.
W. 187
J. 426: J. B. 423
Gore, E. F. 0. G.
544
314) 1
Glide*, Mn SS9
B.I87i W.0.99
Grime., H. 101
I.«Bi
Gile>,E.J.42g)N.
Goren, A. 429
Gioarenor, Lady C.
Mn. T
210
83
u.s.a
Glllam, CM. deF.
Gorat, J. E. 544
GroTer,M.J.188
438
S4S 1 J. 333
Goalin, G. 665
Gmel d-Indnrille,
Gille((,H.e62
GoiliDg, £.317iO.
M.C.216
HunmoD,
GillUt, J. S. H5 ; M.
662
Grundy, J. G. lOSj
186; Mts.A.660
Goaaet, D. 442
S. J. 426.
426
Gilling, T. G. 426
Gould, S. 682
Gailloia,Reii-Adm.
Gillmsn, A. 329
Ooulty, M. L. 216
101
Gilly, W. O. S. 330
GouTion, Biran F.
Guiny.MdllaH.dn.
"r::^
Gilmore. E. 547;
327
562
Lt. A. H. B4S
Gowring, S. 330
Golly, S. T. S. 97
LCI
Ginger, C.pt. J. 560
Onbum, H. 566
Gundry,E.H.4Z7[
F. W. 314; S.J.
H.n«K;k,
Gipps, Mre. W. eUO
Graham, E.C. 662;
Huidl.,,
Girdle.tune, H. 85
F. E. J. 87 ; H.
317
Hanford.
Girdwood, A.E.662
426 r T. H. 318
Ounn, A. S16 i C.
HaokN,
GLdslouc, Mn. J.
Grange, Mr..B. 543
316; M.9g
Huk.7,1
H. 83
Grant, Col. J. T.
Gunning, Veo. W.
Hmmi.
Glu*, F. 212
663; Dr. J. 98
359
Cptl
Oltispoole, Capt. E.
GMtithini, H. V.
GurdOD,C.87|Hit.
It. 445
426; M*j. Gen.
P.6M
n-acn.
GWer, A. C. 316 ;
106
Gnroey, E. S. IBSi
a-M.i.
E.CS2iF.H. 102
Gr«n»ille-Eliot, t
Mn. W. U. 424
Glyn, T. C. 97
F.426
Owillim,M.W.Ma
h. T.
Glyiiet, L. 426
Gt««^ Hon. Mr..
G«yer,J. 31*
W.Q.
Goatclier, Mrs. B.
A. 84
Owyn, J. B. llt(
Haramn
313
Gray, B. 824; 4,
H. H. 438
Un.1
GoddiriK, J. 425
210, Mn. 660;
Gwynne, L. 549
Hud..^;
Go<lfiey,C»pl. 317i
N. L.3I4
Gylea, G. 814
HwdioK.
W. H. R. 4i9
Grajton, C. 566
Sir O.
Gold, C. J. 316
188
H..d.ri.l
Goldsmid, A. A.
Gr<!atrex,C. M.330
Hacon, Mn. E. D.
HmnlT. ]
as!, 1
est; La<ly 1.680
Gr«en, A. 85; C.
185
Goldsmith, U. 564
648; C. T. 441 j
Hadow, H. 0. S18
R.n,L.
GcldiHQrtliy, Lt. F.
E. F. 662; E. J.
Hw>. H. 317
SSI
T. 210
548,681: L. M.
Higoe, H. C. 647 1
Hugrca.
Gooch, J. 560 1 M.
Q. 438; Hn. Q.
Mn. W. D. 184
l.?A.I
F.5I8
W.G.42Sf ILA.
Hahn, Mra. A. 424
Haicnr.
Good.cre, J. 563
188; T. L. 85
Hainen, G. W. 189
VI. yi.
Goodcliild, M. A.
Greene. R. 42S
U.leoiDbe, C. H. J.
Hul.p.
440; It.E. 88
Greenhill, G. 663
546
H«l.;. 1
Coo.l«,Mai.\V.IBSi
Greenatreet, A. M.
Hale, Capt C. A.
Hum;;.
W. 547, 663
212
669
UM..^
Gooden, Mra. C. C.
Gieenway, E. 188
»»7
659
Gregory, E.428,G.
427
Haniai^
Goodenough,F.I05;
324; Mr.. J. C.
Halifax, H. F. 8U
H.nh. i
L. 6S3
543
Hall, £. 645, 6401
M. is;
Goodhnll, A. 681
Grenfell,M.D. 106,
J. 441; J. ¥.662)
061 t
Gc>adlake,lIoil.Ml>.
M. E. 6S4
M. E. 68]| Mis.
lOSi ]
E. 443
Grenaide, E. 547
J. 660; S. IDS,
O.S44
Goodrich, S. G. S9
GreBley,Mr..C.313
216, 648; T. F.
Hurfm,
Goodaeraon, J. HH
Greville, M.F.686i
443 1 W. 103
A.D.J
Goodyear. C. 323
Mra. 423
Halliburton, Hon.
sail I
Grey, H. E. 101;
B.824
sasi
V. 189
Mra.543; R. 102
H*lUru.G.T. IM
Hn. I
Gordon, Adm. C.
Griee. Mra. J. 313
Hallowea,C.L.5*t
Mn.!
S64i CapU T. E.
Gridlcy, Mra. H. G.
Hallin(d,Un^.U
S^
664 i H. D.fi47i
660
ism
«
tndes to Names.
T. G. '429 ; w.
W. 212
Harrold, F. E. 663
Harper, Mra. P. R.
S43
HaitUy, B. 326 ; J,
560; J. R,*a7
Hartahome, T. 568
lUrrey, Gen. Sir R.
J. 106; H. 425;
E. F. S4«
Hiiby, E. SS
HaseKoot. M. 440
HaiUvood, C. 328;
Mrs. B. 312
HaullKin, S. 6S1
Haunnann, 216
Ha<*e>, S. 212
Hawke, C. 313
Hawker, Adm.E.106
Hawkeaworlh, C. A.
439
Hawhini, C. 325 ;
C. A. 86; E. C.
544; Maj.-Gea.
F. S. 105; Mn,
C. S. 423
Haiiley, Mre. 313;
Mrs. H. C. 313
Hiwo>tli,MrhF.644
Hawks, D. S.-445
HawUvne, Mrs.423
Hay, Cot. L. 314;
E. 321 ; LL-CoI.
H.443
Hayes, M.J. 85
Haylock, J. 662
Hayton, E. M. 316
Hayward, G. C.321 ;
J. E. IH6i R. B.
316
Hazard, J. S64
Hazeldiae, F. 426
Uazlill.'C. 211
Head, A. U. 84
Heale, E. 189
Heanley, J. 662
Heap, J. 563
Ilealli. A. A. lS6i
G. C. 324
Htalhcote. M. E.
189; T. H.559
Ileallier, M. 100
Heatherly, Mn. 106
Hedger, W. 189
Hedley, H. 325
HegJDbotloni,S.43S
Hdlbronn, Mra. H.
C. 518
Heine, H. H7
~ " r, M. MO
Helaliam, H.314
Hemtworth, D. S46
Henderson, C. A.
664; E. B. 6B4
Henney, T. F. 210
Henniker, A. 549 1
Sir B. 314
HeQr7,M.326jMn.
J. R. 186
HeDryion, A. ^B. L
S44
Henshav, E. S6S g
Mra. C. F. 423
Hensley, M. I. 446
Henty, L. C. 187
HeFW0rth,E.F.441
Herbert, C. E. 661 ;
Hon. P. 547 i T.
H.SS
Keiford, Capt 1. 8S
Herrich, A. S, 217
.HerUlet,Mn.E.6S9
Hett, J. 662
Hewitaon, W. 683
Hewion, Vice- A dm.
G. 444
Hey, H. 443
Ueycock, D. 187;
T. 318
Heytetbniy, I<ard,
108 '
He7waod,R.C.6S4i
W, A. 102
Hibbard, J. 662
Hibbert, B. 42t ;
Mre. F. D. 83
Hicheni, B. 4!S
Hiekley, J. G, 661
Hickaon, J. W. 566
HiggtDa,MTa.R. 428
Higgiabothom, M.
328
420
Hill, C. 330] CW.
86; E. 442; E.
C. 101; H. 188;
J. 102; Mrt.«41i
W. 210, 419
Hilli, A. 84
Hillyar, Mn. SIS
Hilton, G. A. 547
Hincheliff, Mr. 839
Hind, B. 106; R.
663
Hinds, Capt. J. W.
425
Hindmarab, Sir t.
Hint, S. lS9t W,
Hielop, T. 548
Hoar, Ura. 563
Hoare, E. 106; J.
F. 330; L. 9.
428, M. B.441
Hobhouie, Mn. £.
659
RDblyn,T. 329
Hochepied- Larprot,
Baroneaa de, 659
Hodge, Col. 189
Hodgn. E.318i B.
M, 562 ; Hra. B.
IB4
Hodgetia, J. H. 545
Hodgaon,A.88: E.
86; J. E. 316)
i. F. 663
Hoey, M. E. 188
Hogarth, G. 318
Hogg, A. 429, S4S ;
Mra. J, 185
Hohenibal, C'iMa
of, 426
HoIdeme«,M.548
HoIdiworth,H;e79i
S. C. 186
HoIa,J.548i H.426
Holford, Mn. 83
Holiday, W. 328
Holland, Capt. .F.
218; F. 87; Hon.
Mn. F. IBfi; M.
B. 87
HoUick, O. E. 316
HoIliiiga,F.L.S80
HoUini.Mra.'W.SlS
HoUnnd, Mn. E.
184
HolWay, A. 426)
F. S28, 329) W.
O. S4S
HolToaii, C. 427
Holme*, A. «2S; J.
104,318) M.330|
M. £.438
Bolt. G. W. 33S|
J. 87 ; M. 663
Hol«araiy,Un.lOO
Home, Mra. 434 {
Sir W. 218
Hon, Count £. b,
339
HonnywiU. M. U.
213
Honywood, Lady.
6«0| P. F. S3<i
W.8«
Hood, If. 428t Wn.
659
Hoof, P. 86
Hooker, Mn. 81
Hooper, H. F. (47 1
Mn. G. IWt U.
Hope, Hod. Mn. L.
313
Hopetoan, C'leiiof,
648
Hop^ood, T. B. 441
Hopkioa, E. 829)
E. H. >lfl; J.
W. 317) at F.
Hopper, H. J. 438
Hare, M. S. 108
Home, A. 101 ; I.
8S
Horaey, S. de, 101
Horton, Lt-Col.338
Hoiwood, W. 565
Hone, Lady, 660 i
Mn. 188
Hotham, Lady J. S.
437; R.A.668
Houcben, J. 318
Houghton, 8. C. 88
HonnMli, Un. H.
S.8S
How, A. F. 101 1
Hn.T.84
Howard, H.G. 668;
W.e83
Howe, U. 186 1 S.
M. 185
Howei,H. 211
Howl«(t, J. 564
Howley, M. F. 3S0
Howmio, Un. K.
6f0
Howaa, I. 330
Hoyle, F. W. 816
d'Hnait, Bwon T.
S65; iL188,S8S,
683; W. 081
Hngbin, L. 314
Hoihci, E. 566)
Hn. 0,843 iMri.
T. 433; R. C«t
8.681
Hngo, D. 684
Hngoe, C. F. 561
UtUknr, E. 817
Hunt, A. 103) U.
/. C. 87 1 MfL
W. 101) T. 438,
Hnter, D. 87) H.
F. 418 1 Lt-CoL
J. SU) Mn. V.
433 ; T. H. n
HuniinBtso, C. 444
Hnntlay, E. 844
Hurd, W. 443
Hnrly.IUaitr
«7
Index to Namet.
!]■
Huxley, Prof. l«i
llyall. E. 3l(t
Ibbi-txin, Lady A.
Ick,Mt«. W. R.42t
lkin,J. A. 4tl
lldctton. M. A. 325
Impi>v, V. 680
Inchliald, S. J. 103
Iilc>>ic|uii1,Lady,IH^
liliO
Jeiiiiiiitc». i- 343;
W. H. 322
Jenyaa, Mrs. 421
Jervis. A. 214 i J.
217 i Mw. W. G.
424
Jerirood. Mr.. T. J.
JL'^lon, E. A. 314
Joncl. G. v.. 187
Jub, v.. 4'2S
Johiu,MrJi.n.T.SS
Jolinaan, K.liSli J.
(i.317; M.iiiil 1
Mij. W, T. B4a !
ilri. H. C. R.
312; P.42ri Sir
II. A. 214
1, M. J. 103
In-iiij;, S, 100
Irwin, K.M.IV.CS3
ls.»'»)ii. P.. K. 518
Js.'k*uii, I M. 5(>3t
M. !l!li M. E.
5li3: M. O. (Wlj
W. F. 4211
Jdrniiib, W. 316
Juirray, J. II. rtli6
Juhiia
iW; M. E. 427)
M». 84
Juliy, J. It, 427
Janes, A. 101 j Capt.
L. 428. £44 1 E.
32(Ii F. A. GCli
J.442i J.T.SSU;
M.
Mri
I, E. 'I-.
>, C. 4311 i E.
4.1Hi G. P. It.
lorii I..i.lr, (iUO I
M. JlJSi M. K,
317; .Mrs. M. E.
aiiti; 1'. V.Jw
Jstnctoii, E. tiS-t )
J. M. \V. Ijltl ;
M. A. 318
Jaiiiicton, v.. E. (iG3
Jjqui'v A. arili
J..rdiim, ]}. IIU ; S.
' 426
Jdy. Mr.. S. I). OUO
J<:iuririi<iii.C.K.21S
Jvl>li. J. J. HS
JelRry, A. Ii8l
Ji^irnvs, K. .\I. 6(il
Ju-j.'vblioy, I^dy J.
J>13
Jel(yi!.J. H. S. 139
Ji'liv, K. .'nil
J.-iiiLi.,s, K. 1U3; J.
Jciikiniuu, Lady, 424
(i39; M. G. E.
<>til; Mn. H. P.
423 i II. U4H)t
T. 11. 438; \V.
II. H. 213
Jordan, W. L. liGl
Jourdan,Col. H. G.
G84
J..yee, E. A. R5
Joyiur, J. E. S<i3
JuWIin, M. 213
Judd, F. 3 !3
Jun - rt - Kiiypliiii-
■cn. Count ill', 327
Juslice, C. J. 87
K»iiie, S. .\. 31(1
Kald. C. tin
Kay, K. U. 31G
KtfRl, W. T. SJS
Ktane, Cajit. E.S47|
J. (i63
Kci'lc, R. S5
Kteiiiui, 1-. J. 428
K.Iaan, E. F. 4«
Kfm|., F. M 412;
II. (ieSi \V. F.
Kenrick, E,87
l^mt, A.4>.'S; Mrt.
B. A. 643; Mri.
S. 312
Kcnyon, E. N. 564
Kcr, J. 99
Kerr, E. £49; J.
100; B.J. 544
Kerinode. W. 315
Kerry, W. 329
Kewtiey, C. 210
Kidion, Mr. filil
Kil|iairick,J. P. SSS
Kiiiiber, J. aG6
Kinirrtiey, Mri. E.
L. IBt
Kiiift, C. 330; E.
31li; E. C. 427 :
J. 426, SUB; J. S.
StSj M. £. 189;
Mrs. 11. 83; W.
T. 426
Kiniidon, M. 502;
Mn. J. E. 060
KinKucoK^, G. E. 80
Ki»)(>fard, E. )0I
KLn^ilcT, Ll.-Col.
E. 217
Kitiucar, Mn. H.
544, C>£9
KiidinR, Mn<.J.J4l
Kippcn, Mn. ll.N.
423
Kirwan, L. H. 545
KilciiiiigbKtn.P. Iitl2
KniKUt, C. C. 86 1
J. II. 87i M. A.
318
Knipe, A. 5i;2
Xniiit, A. F. 545;
lion. Mn.V.5(i5i
J. 11.321
Kwuiuth, K. Z. 326
Kyimaird, Vuc'teM,
83
427
, F. A.
Kniip-Wtkh, II. S.
E. 5t4:
;:.F.2H;
jrd*irc,M.A.!13
Lacy, G. de L 425
LaiJi-iiienl, J. 127
Liiing:, 1). 321
Ltmb, A. 316; Mn.
F. W. 544
Lanibtrt, Hun. O.
J. 330
Lambert, C. 316;
F. W. 428: ■>-
186; M.J. 428
Lamhriek,Mi«.SH
Liinotle, Mn. C.
W. 313
Laiicu[ei,C.A. 188
Land. M.M. A.21S
LandcU, G. J. 42S
Laiidelli, E. HO
II. C. 31
2 18, 662
L«iie.Fox,H'
A. 6S0
Lanft.M.lSS
214
Langford, 1
184
Langley, A. (
M. .^.85
Langloii, .M
Lanmridge, J
LangtoD, E.
Lanvraj. M.
Lapid|[F,RM
W. F. 32)
Lapwoith, A
Larken, M. ;
Larking, H.
Larpeni, Bi
H. lOS
LajcHlei^ C<
H. 6K4
I^irll, M. i
!-■ Terriere,
La Trobe, K
Laumanii, M
Lauiiaj, it\,
Laufip, J. I
Mill L. G
Lauriaton.Ci
quia de, *i
Laver, Un.
I-»we». E.44
4t5
Lawris. Mn
Lawimn, J. 3
Mra. \. I
yv- 316. 61
I'>«toD, (i. .
Lay. H. R. (
I'ayard, Mn.
i'ayion, W. ,
t'VB, S. 168
LcBPock, .S.
LcHiher, F. :
Letuu, p. ]o
1^ IlrctoD. I
Lecchini, E.
Leckcy, J. 4:
Lccouinrier.
Led»«rd. H.
I*«. K. 426 ;
T. A48
LcpBon, Ca
Index to Names.
707
Leprge, Hon. G. B.
»548
Legh, J. 212
Leigh, M. 545
Leighton, F.M.562;
Gen. Sir D. 104;
Lady, 659; R.85
Leir, Mrs. C.M.818
LeLievre, E.B.681
LemarcbaBd, Dr.
215
Lennox, Mrst. 184
Leonard, A. S. 546
Leppingwell, T. W.
213
Leroy, Father, 828
Leslie, Capt. 315 ;
G. F. 213 ; Mrs.
L. 660
Lester, A. 327
Levander, M. L. 828
Lcventhorpe^ T. W.
321
Levett, R. T. R. 86 ;
S. F. M. 548 ; W.
679
Levingston, E. W.
217
Levison, L. 314
Lewellin, F. 446
Lewer, Dr. R. 547
Lewis, E. 210; Mrs.
L. W. 184
Lichfield, Countess
of, 313; J. P. 317
Liell, M. 327
Lightfoot, E. A. 686
Lighton, A. 85
Lillingston,A.C.428
Liminer, E. W. 685
Lind, J. P. 328
Lindoe, £. 563
Lindon, M. 445
Lindsay, Hon. C.
H., infant son of^
686; Lt..Col. T.
446
Lindsey, C. 566
Linnell, J. T. 427
Linton, E. M. 187
Liot, Capt. W. B.
106
Lister, C. I. 826
Litchfield, J. 212
Little, E. H. 426;
Mrs. 184; M. C.
103; T. P. 315
Littlewood,M^. 322
Lizars, Prof. 101
Lloyd, A. L. 317;
E. 105, 686; £.
F. 548; F. C.
317;G.E.C.84:
J. 563 ; R«ar-AcU
G. 216; R. Y.
663
Locke, J. 544 ; Mrs.
J. A. 184
Lockett, H. B. 210 ;
M. J. 210
Lockhart, T. 566
Locking, G. 325
Lockwood, A. P.
188
Lockyer, Miss, 684 ;
Maj.-Gen. H. F.
443
Lodge, F. 329
Loftus, G. £. 814
Loisne, Col. M. de,
210
Lomax, C. 21 1
Lombe, C. 563
London, Bp. of, wife
of, 184
Loney, J. J. 105
Long, A. L. 424;
A. M. D. 315
Longboume, A. C.
427
Longden, W. G.
427
Longhurst, C. 321
Longland, G. L. 188
Longman, Mrs. W.
424 ; S. S. 105
Lopes, Hon. Lady,
313
Lord,C. O. 546; E.
546 ; T. £. 315
Loseby, J. 212
Lourdoueiz, M. de,
565
Lovell, Lady R. 185
Loregrove, C. 817 ;
M. 188
Low, J. 546
Lowe, Mrs. E. G.
184; Mrs. J. M.
184
Lower, E. W. 186
Lo wry- Cony, Lady
L. A. 88
Lowthrop, ICn. J.
W. F. 424
Laard, H. 101 ; J.
D. 880
Lubbock, Mrs. J,
184; S.828
Lucas, A. 446; C.
H. 314; £. A.
108 ; E. C. 212 ;
M. M. 662; S.
563
Lack. P. 85
Lacy, K. 565
Lulham, E. W. 188
Lomley, E. 564
Lareaa, M. 218
Lnscombe, J. 448
Lnxmoore; O; M. SL
663
LygoD, Gen. Hoiu
B. P. 685
Lyne, Mrs. De Cas-
tro F. 185
Lynes, Mrs. J. 424
Lyon, H. 815; W.
426
Lyons, Col. H. 189
Lyster, Capt F. T.
547
Lyttelton, Hon. M.
S. 815
Mabbott, W. C. 445
Maberly, A. 101
Macaulay, J. 209 '
McCalinont, H. B.
B. 317
McCarogher, Mrs. J.
0.428
MeCansland,C. 814
McClean, A. 87
MDakin, S.G. 87
McDennott,Capt B.
105
McDonald, Capt A.
822
M'Donald, J. 108
Macdonnld, F. M.
82 ; Hon. Mrs.
185; Hon. Mrs.
A. 565; J. 688;
Lady K. 566; Lt-
CoLR.686;Ma]\
J. 212
McDottgdl, C. 661
MacDougaU, Col.
186
MacDowell, CoL G.
J. M. 214
Macfarlane, Mrs. J.
R.548
M'Grath, £. 489
McGrigor, Lady,
428
Mack, S. 87
McKay, J. 829
Mackechnie, Cant
R. W. 101
Mackensie, E. J.
428; Ladj G.
217
Mackintosh, Mils C.
108
Maclagan, Mn. R.
659 '
Maclean, L. M. 189
MeLennan, M. 827
MacLeod, Mrs. D.
A. 88
M'Mabon, Mn. 428
MeMuno^B. M.189
Macnabb,J«W.429,
545
M'Nair, G. B. 816
Maoonoehie» Cipt
^2
Macpherson, Maj. 96
Maerobin, J. 815
M'Swinney, M. A.
680
Macturk, G. G.<68
McWbinney, L M.
104
Madgwick, W. J.
559
Magenif^ R. H. 88
Magrath, Dr. N 561
Mahon, G. A. 188;
M. C. 549
Main, Mrs. D.F. 83
Mair, A. B. 87 s M.
M. 87
Mairet, R, A. 814
Ma]tland,G.C.826;
J. W. 218
Mijendie, Mn. 184
MaJenMU, M. 440
Maioribanks,W.81&
Malcolm, M. 815. -
Malleson, L. T. 429
Mallet, K. 661
Mallock, Mn. 548
Maltby, A. K. 662
Malyon, L. J. 817
Mandy, K. 86
Mangin, H. 106
ManIey,W.H.424
Mann, C. 187
Manner^ Lady A.
84; M.425
Manning, M. J.560'
Manse), Mn- C; 0«.
818 . ~
Maoifleld, Capt 549
Mant, M. E. 814
Mande, M. 429
Manven^'Earl, 689
Marehiifo, ComiteM
de, 659
Margewon, P. D. 106
Margttts, P. a 426
Marigny, M* A. F«
Coanteia de, 824
Mark, J. A. 817
Man, M. A. 80
Manable^ G. 817
MaRiotl^aSL189|
H. 546; M. 0.
218 ; Mn. W. F.*
184; ,8. 688
Manairit, ' Coontew
de St 441
Manh. J. 565; H.
E 87
Marshall, C. A. 188 1
C.E.86; F.560{
G. 86; H. I89|
n. R. 649 1 Mn*
108; Mra.B.428|
Mn.J.424| Mra.
J.N.4S8|R.«6S|
S. F. 6«8
Index to Names.
JlarsUnd, J. 8(i
Mipian,E.A.S.137
213 1 Mn. a E.
A. 434; S
JIarli.1, A. C. 683 i
Mildii>ay,ll.U.189i
£43; Mr.. J. B.
(i84
G. *37 J Mr.. E.
Han. Lady Si. J.
424, 050; M. V.
NMh, J. 103;
USD ; Mr>. 11.423;
659
546 i S, 187; W.
543
Mra. J. 83
]Uilmai>, J. Vf. M'K.
F. 824; W.I. 101
NaioB, J. J. 1:
Marti neau, T, 87
187
Mori.ny, M.P.6M
Neale. A. 31Ii
Martvn, Mrs. C. J.
Miles, A.186; Mai.-
Morice, H.W. 217;
444; S. 680
184
Gen. W. 101,
Mr.. C. W. £43
Neave, M. B.
Majon, A. J. 426;
.Mm. W. H. 544
Moriion, J. 99
Keedham, H.
C. V. sua ; K. A.
Jlilford. E. 218;
MorW, F. R.43g;
429
ii6; J. 42(i; M.
Mr..Il.K.3!3
J. 680; M. 326;
Neii«)o, H. e;
328
Miller, G. 97, 519)
Mn. G. 600; W.
NeUoii. E.
M^islL-rman, Mra. E.
LadyK.444iMri.
H. 101
m™. G. H,
e<ill
83; S. 100, 549
Merpliei.,J.316
Min, S2S
Mltson, ti.84
Mill., R. T. 426 i
Monall. C. 6S4
Hembhard, Ca
M.tlhe", T. P. 6G2
S. E.414
Morrice, Mr». M.
J>48
IilntrliLxa, K. 3-J9i
Milne. A. D. SCO,
326
Nellleahip, S.
NeviU, lloD.
F. .\. 326: M".
N. 315; T. 106
Morri., I. 545 ; B,
£66
aiilion.E. 187
£62
189; Ladvl
Neville, A. M
Miilliwii. W. 329
Miiicliiii, M.J. 428
M<.rriM>[i.J.C.3iaj
Unud?, A. 106; J.
Miuahull, M. 8J
Vice-AJra. I. H.
II. £. «4£
C. 210
Minton, S. 103
330
NcTin*. M. tl
MantitL.. J. J. 186 r
Mirfiii, J. £66
Mor«', Mri.E.6R2
Newberry. E.
Mn. A. I(J3
MitelielI,J. 212:M.
Murcimare,S.A.£47
Newbuld, J. til
M»un,«ll, W. W.
10 ti M. E.31S
Morton, M. H. 003
NewbDUld, M.
321
Mitford, Hon. Mr..
Muwiey, J. 061
MoH, J.tiB2
NewdiKate. A.
Maxwell, C. W.
T.84
Neo'land, 11. (
La.ly, 680 j Sir
Mooatta, I,. 661
Mo«y„, Hon. Lady,
Newnan. R. :
]).B85
Motf!, F. K. 31*
313; Hod. Mn.
NewnliaiM, M
Mny, C. 330 ; H. J.
Mi^inif, M. 8£
bS
G. C. L. 54
81; J. SIJ; L.
Mole. J. S. G62
Mount. H. C. 504
Ne*.lead.J.J
A. 661 1 u.asi
Molryiu, LL-Col.
MounLin, J. K. £60
Ne-lh, W.31
Mayoirk, M. 138
Hill. D.1{,d.>, 429
MuurKUi-, M. S. 328
NewioD, B. 8<
Mnyer.J. 216
Motloy, R. C8G
Mousley. C. tJ7
U.318; H.l
MbvI«.-k,Mii.T.M.
Malyiieux, T. B.
Mom-bray, h. Lady,
Nloholl, J. C
5hl
lot
212
Mn. J, B.
MaynarJ. Un.i. CoL
Muni:kt<m.IIon.Mn.
Muirhead. D. G81
It. 428
SKi; Lt.-Cul. K.
1I.M.6.VJ
Nicliol.. Mn,
«. U6t
Mimcrieir. Lt. C. C.
659; S. R.
Mayhfll. !■:. -M. 217
S. 663
184
T. M. 317
May... K. I8ri
Money, Viee-Adm.
Mmiday. E. 31B;
N'iclioUon. F^
Mea<low.. .Mr». A.
11. 213
Mr.. P. 313
F. 439; M
Uj»
Monk, T.J. 18ft
Mundy, M^j-Cn.
Y. 312i T.
Mear^ Mr*. fliO
M»ni«n, Hoii. Mr*
0. C. 217
Nickirwn, J. I
Medlov. K. 88
T. J. 83
Munro. A. A. 547
Kick*. T. 217
Mct'k, M. 13U
Monro, C. 11. 88;
K>eolKUtn.C
MtiL'kia;;. T.310
M. 429
of, £44
Nind. 11. lOii
MirrH. (i. f. 662
WDnlL.lioro, Mr.. J.
MurehiKW. Mn. J.
Norco,k, J. M
M.-1)im»l., A. UM
M. 513; MrK, L.
11.84; K.D.424
Normal., Mr..
MclliNh, II. IC^Kt
J. 423
MnrdcM:k,W.M.126
tieo ; M. 56
Mul!or, J. W..5I7;
Montr^-xur, Mrs. S 13
Mnrnliy, Seri.212
Norrcj-i, Ladv
Mr«.W. J. 124
MotiyiKimy, C. J.
Mnrrbv, A. 546;
Norri.. O. G.
Mrlly, Mr». t. K.
428 i P. H. 189
Gen' Hon. Sir H.
J. 106 i m.
314
Mo,.r. F. C. 603;
326, 320; Lt.-
M. A. 548
Mimi-, W. P. 100
M.j.-Oeu. il. il.
Col. Sir A. 101 ;
N-rth, T. 85
[ Muniu-ll, M.41,^
T.6K3; T. lt.£59
Korlon, Mn.
McniiL-*,,!. 1.428
Monrc. 11 M, 217,
Murion. E. 429
84
Mer... Jl. d... liHil
J .330; Mnj. J.
Muiurave, E.3U
No.worth».J.:
Mesliam, It. 428
A. 217; J. C. 101;
Mp.pr»tt.Ur.S.31«
Notl.M. "E. 6.
Metcairv, K.T. 187
M«. T. 412 ; M.
Mn.loii, .M. A. 683
Kowell - U.iii
Mellm™. ligii. Mrs.
E. .5M, IL F.
MuilDii, K. 545
Mr.. S. 1-.
St. J. 312
Mren4 U. 683
NuRsiit, l„ H
Mi^iv. K. M. .161
MoLMll, II. IK7
Mylue, Mai. C. D.
Nuun. Mr.. 1
M(viirll.Mr-.K.S13
M.,r,;i.ii,,\.S48j V.
563
'12] W. 11
Mi.lKliiiurv, II. 1''.
HI; J. ::-l,i: J.
Kaicnc, C. E. 188
Oak.l,v. Mn.
410
.-.. .j:a ; Maj. 11.
Napier, MrfcCW.
31j'
Index to Names. 709
Oakes, Lt. J. W. L. Panat, M. le Yi- Pellv, G. B. 663 ; Pickard- Cambridge,
325 ; S. 444 comte de, 218 Sir J. H. 664 F. A. 186
O'Callaghan, Capt. PaDi8,J, 215 Pemberton, Mrs. S. Pickering, T. 662
£. 314 Panton, R. 438 544 Pickemell, H. 685
Oddie, Mrs. H. H. Pardee, £. 681 Pender, R. C. 216 Pickford, G. 429
544 Pares, Mrs. J. 88 ; Pendlebury, N. 441 Pidcoek, Mrs. B. W.
Oerstedt, M. 104 W. 187 Penfold, £. 545 428
Ogilvie, C. 88 ; C. Parham, S. D. 562 Pennant, G. D. 426 ; Piercy, A. C. 547
F. 664 ; Maj. R. Park, F. G. 88 Lady L. D. 548 Pierpoint, Mrs. M.
L. J. 86 ; Mrs. C. Parke, B. 682 ; C. Pennefather, H. V. A. 185
S. W. 543 101 662 Piers, W. D. 814
Ohren, M rs. M. 424 Parker, C. J. B. 549; Pennell, H. L. 99 ; Pigot, E. 829 ; Mrs.
Okendon, Mrs. W. J. 679; J. W. Mrs. J. 660 J. T. 185
P. 543 684; Mrs. F. 318; Pennington, £. 564 Pigon, H. 668
Okeover, Hon. Mrs. Mrs. J. 812; T. Penrhyn, Mrs. L. 84 Pikher, A. £. 664
84 100 Penrose, A. A. 101 Pilgrim, Miss C.
Oldershaw, H. 545 Parkinson, J. 106 Pensam, Miss A. M. 104; Mrs. 818
Oldfield, £. 189 Parlby, B. S. B. 84 829 Pilkington, Mrs. D.
Oldham, C. 425 ; Parrointer, H. O. B. Peppercorn, J. 664 660
Lt.-Col J. F. 439 5^5 Pepys, H. Bp. of Pinsep, M. C. 86
Oldmixon, A. 328 Parrott, J. 829, 684 Worcester, 679 Pitcher, W. 682
Olipbant, S. 442 ; Parry, A. ap H. 99 ; Perceval, Mrs. S. A. Pittock, T. £. 441
W. 685 T. M. 426 184 Pizey, M. 815
Oliver, A. 325; A. Parsons, C. 6^S\ Percy, Mrs. S. R. Pizzy, L. S. 85
M. 105 M. 216 548 Plant, Mrs. M. 217
Ooddeen, Moulvee Partridge, L. 662 ; Pering, Capt G. H. Piatt, G. 218 :
Maseeh, 427 Lt-CoL S. H. 215 186 Platter, J. 827
Oppenbeim, £. J. Pasha, H.Hami,561 Perkins, F. 566; Player, C. 568, 680
187 Pastrana, J. 104 Mrs. F. 813; Mrs. Playford, S. 684
Ord, C. 427 Paterson, Maj. F. S. R. 818 ; P. S. 818 Pleydell, M. J. 188
Orford, F. J. 188 822; Mrs. J. 318 Perriam, C. 565 Plomer, A. G. 545
Orlich, Maj. L. von. Patten, V. 315 Perrott, Dame L. A. Plowden, Mr. 104
211 Patterson, B. 106 106 Plowman, Mrs. W.
Orme, H. 565 Paul, £. 425 Perry, Lady, 428 T. 818
Ormerod, W. P. 106 Paulet, Mrs. C. N. Persse, W. B. 814; Pocock, L. A. 85 ;
Osmond, A. 187; 312 W.N. 428 Mrs. W.J. M. 812
Mrs. C. 185 Pavler, M. 189 Fetch, Mrs. G. 424 Podmoxe, W. H. 186
Otte, J. 213 Payer, M. 444 Peters, £. 662 ; £. Pole, M. de la, 662
Otway, £.314 Payler, C. C. M. 426 L. 661 Foley, H. S. 681
Outram, F. B. 549 Payn, Mrs. 184 Petherick, J. 210 Pollard, Capt. W. J.
Owen, M. K. 439 ; Payne, C. 189 ; Mrs. Peto, Lady, 428 668 ; Mrs. 84
T. 105 ; W. 88 A. 88 Petre, Mrs. G. 818 Follexfen, Hit. J. J.
Oxenford, U. 683 Peach, T. H. 489; Petty - Fitzmaurioe, 428
Oxley, A. M. 218 W. H. 189 Lady M. 547 Ponsonby, A. E.218
Pack, Col. A. J. R. Peacock, M. 489 Philipps, Mm J. £. Ponthieu, Princess
439; Mr8.R.544; Peale, J. 568 88 T. ds VisoMS et
T. 1 06 Pears, Mrs. 659 Philips, £. 85 ; Mrs. de, 544
Packard, £. 680 Pearse, £. 685 ; S. G. H. 659 Poole, W. S. 668
Padwick, M. 427 £. 102 Phillimon, C. B. Podey, J. 686
Page, C.H. 88; M. Pearson, A. 825 ; F. 817 Pom^ Capt J. A.
A. 216 ; S. 105 S. 0. 86 ; L. 549 ; Phiilippo, E. 424 566 ; & 548
Paget, A. B. 426 ; T. 547 Phillipps, K. 817 ; Popham, Mrs. B. P.
A. £. 187; C. Pechell, J. 684; M. 565 818
5i7; Mrs. C. 441 ; Vice- Adm. Sir G. Phillips, A. L. MZ \ Portman, Ens. F.W.
Mrs. E. A. 83; R. B. 214 C. 189; C. D. F. B. 488, 448
Mrs. P. L. C. 660 Pedley, J. 105; Mrs. 816; C- G. 828s Ponlson, C. 824
Palai8eau,M.de,439 T. H. 185 E. 441; F. C. PowdreU, M. 568
Paley,A.87; J.87; Peel, C. A. 664 ; F. 828; H. C. W. Powell, A. M. 446 1
J. G.565; T.562 437; Hon. Mrs. 548; J. 215 B. 97; Mrs. G.
Palmer, Capt T. F. 88i Phillott, Mrs. H. R. F. S. 184
546 ; £. 684; I. Peele, R. 680 184 Power, H. E. 664;
deC.85; P. 189; Pelham, Lady M. Phillpotts, C. E. Mrs. D. 660; Mrs.
W. J. 427 218 548 ; £. S. 188 K. M. 88
Palmer - Sambome, Pelham - Clinton, Phiipotts, Mrs. 185 Powles^ M. A. 818
Mrs. R. L. 428 Lady C. 659 Plupps, F. H. 817 Pow]ey,Mra.M. 812
Index to Names.
ill
■
rn«i»ll. A. -IIR
lti.1U. M. GSG
B»ldl«d«i<, H. A
Rnl.tii
Pov«r, M. A.SMs
R.i„, P. A. (i84
5tS
do,
t 106
HaiiisHy. E. C. 18S
Ri.iB«.y, A. -M. lisa
Roun<
Pradme, Connt H.
KaiiiMliU, W. 678
Hidirr, C. ♦2Sj W
ItotiM
dc, ini
lUnmkill, C. 32.>
E. 439
KoutI
PraeH, H.J. M, 212
Itnildiill. E. J. 8S;
Ridley, Mr.. W. H
Row,
Pr»it. Capl. H. H.
J. C. (His
600
Koo-p,
MS: Ll.Co1.328
Hand..lpli.C.S.317;
RidoHt, G. V. 318
Row!.:
Pr..l-lUrlDw, Mrs.
11.4.19! M.J.;i16
Ridsdale, Mrt. G
II.
A. 83
RniiKoii., W. Il.;l1g
6<>0
n..y. 1
PMIWn, W. 543
Hatlrav, 11. S. 317
Riedercr, Ilaroneii
ItiilER,
Pf..d.-tl!Ml, Capt.
Itnvvu^liaw, J. 11.
H. de, GJ9
Ru»ii|
1^315
428
Rijthy, K 6G1
CoJ
Pr.i.lice, II. 317
JlBwiun, H. 6t:2
Ril«y, Mn.105; V.
Ruslic
Prestun, A. o't.i i
Raycr. F. SVJ
eo4
ItuMC
Mr».W.S.6iO
lUvn,.r,C. iS8
Rimington, L. A
(;g4
Prelor. E. ISli
Read, A. C. 429 1
189
Lad
Prill-, G. (i(H i M.
M.ot9j w.ns
Rivwa, M.df,215
M.
A. 31S; lU SG2i
Kea.le, M. 323
Rivtri, l)o». Lady.
427
T. 330
Ri-dbcad, &I. 44S
4Hj Mm. H. E.
Ruoii
Priile.iux,'W.lI.S48
RmJ, Caitii F.J.
S3
£43
Pridhaiii, R r. (i83|
SI7l Mm. <i62;
Rw. W. K. 5G3
Mqi
K. T. 85
\V. .128, SVi
Robarit, E. S. lOfi
Riithf
Priu'tiiiiiii. M. 428
dc Hcv'U d'Oudtt-
Ro1>crt>sA.a8ti A.
Ituil^i
Primroie. Hon. F.
F. 2IG i Cap). J.
W.2II
A. C. b'84
442iCoinm.-Geii.
I. V
Pri»«;p,r. L.3I8(
Res. C. B. CM i
P. 559 1 F. E. SO I
Rulioi
ilr^CCi-H
W. J. 437
G. 103! J. 214,
■lp, !
Prior. C-iit J. C.
Rtk-lirl, S. 880
323, 559: Maj.-
r«n. Sir 11. fi.
»ya.T,
54S
Reid,C.8tiiL.664i
424
ProdB^ni, 11. IBS
M. 428
5G5; R.8<l
n>»c^
l'ra>,cr, E. T. 5tJ
UdllUardl, M. M.
Rolicnion, E. 85,
L.3
i'rowBc, Capl. W. J.
Von, IHS
515 1 J. 548; J.
S.dd, ,
Slrh J- 1I-42S
Rciniiaiii, Mn. F.
K. S. 661
Sa<ll,..r.
Ptvor. F. H. in
W. B43
O. f
Pulhiiii, <i. ,54U
Retidall. W. 327
SGOi E. 4'.:8j F.
6lHi
Piillrv. M. !ta
lU-iitaiii?. C. U.444
85 i Hon. Ladv,
544
Piilliii^-. Mr'. J. 313
it.'i»iiiiw, A. mi
5t3i J. fl61[ H.
St.Gr.
l'..,l.riclL, I..W7
lUnwict, T.318
3IG
Saii,t.J
l>iir.li.n, W, II. 188
lUploii, E. 321
St.J..I,i
Pur.o.1, r. H.31.ii
Ui.>ar.li.. Mr«. H. D.
G. 87'
217
J. S. 31.i
184
St. Lo,
Puhhinan. J. (i.Gfil
Hi<f. 11. 438. SS9\
Mr.. 11.312 '
Sali.bu
Puny, W. (ii;2
J. It, 0(i2
Rodgrni, i:. UU3
of. w
Pycro". *•■ -'^S
Rii-h, H. (ISO
Rot!<'r!^, E. 547; E.
Salkvl'i
Uu<:kL'I1. EI.W.;;23;
RicliirK A. 682;
J.I1.3>7;I1.427;
Smlmor
M. A. 42-
K. W. IS7i Mn.
J.88, 105 i Lieut.
54tii
Quick, A. UN3j .1.
i:. <i. .112; W,
11.428; \V.518
ii. Uli
P. S4.j
H. oni , w. p.
Rolff, L. C. 66i
Sntniuii
Quilitr, II. L. (iS2
214
Rollc. Moil M. G.
Salter,
Quill, K 4-^H
K. 548
Samboi
Jinhetl. II. 438
(;.J.:!18i E.2I81
Ridling., Mn. J.
88
Hiidcliil", A. It. SI.
.1. 32(i. 4l(ii H.
(JNS
S»mlcr
C.tatti J.C.nlUi
1.. S)8( M. S.
n..]t,p. P. 217
S.mp„
.Mrs. VV. C. 4-':i
Kill Mrii.M.3I3;
Itomir, M. 324
G.'^V
Raddyircf'.K. ISrt
.Mis.R.i;uil;Miu,
Itiwke, F. J. 420
Sain^oi
Kadford, C;ipt. f.
41.1: T.I 88
Roper, F. Om 1 G.
Sandar
6«3
lli.'h.-S J. 21U
&Ht M. E. 18fi
fi6»
KndEtack,L.idf.Jlt
H.i.|,iii™a, Uukeof,
Mn. J. W. 84
Sandcn
lU", Mri*. J. [Si,
(l,S2i a. tint
HiHludrol, M. 444
iiaiider
\V. F. 127
Ilivk,nrds, F. .320
Rom.. V. 330, R.
SanJfo;
HaiSfCoun. Miirq.
Hirkmaii. E. 85
L. M. 330
427
>!<!, till
Itidadl. 11. K. 439;
nnu,..ll, E. M. 684
Sandx,
Raii.f, C. S. HI5
J. IM%
Ro.., M. F. £62
Sand*i
itai»icr, t'. 'I|.:l
l:i.M]r, E. lOfi
w.a
Index to Names.
711
Sandys, Lieut.-Gen.
Lord, 218
Sankey, A. M. 662 ;
J. H. 662
Sapieha, Princess,
684
Sarel, J. 547
Sargent, A. L. 427
Satterthwaite, Mrs.
C. 313
Saul, 6. H. 663
Sautez, v. 546
Saunders, A.K. 315;
F. A. 84; N.
442; R.829: W.
F. 84
Saunderson, C. A.
188; Lady C. 566
Sauvageot, M. 97
Savage, Mrs. 184
Savile, £. B. 545;
R. B. 428
Sawers, Lieut. J. L.
680
Sayer, E. A. 187;
E.J. 427; L. G.
446 ; Mrs. F. 83
Sayers, Mrs. G. 543
Scaife, G. 97
Scales, T. 213
Scarisbnck, C. 100
Scharf, G. 685
Schloss, Mrs. S. 424
Schoolcroflt, M. A.
215
Schreiber, W. F.
323
Scobell, E. 97
Scoons, M. A. 324
Scott, E. 317,683;
Gen. Sir H. S.
213; H. 187; H.
E. 98; J. 548;
Lady, 423; Lady
G. L. 429; Mrs.
H. 185; Mrs. M.
H. 424; Mrs. R.
659; R. R. 544;
S. 444; W. 327
Scroggs, Mrs. S.
423
Seacome, G. R. 1 08
Seajirim, A. 661 ;
M. C. 439
Searle, A. T. 88;
H. H. 102
Seely, M. 318
Selby, J. S. D. 326
Selwyn, Mrs. W.M.
83
Senhouse, M. 664
Senior, J. C. 681
SerjeantsoQ, W. R.
L.426
Serocold, C. P. 664
Serres, E. M. 664
Seton, W. 218
Seveme, £. J. 189
Sewell, G. 563
Seymour, H. J. H.
684; J. B£ 662;
Mrs. F. H. 184
Shackel, G. 547
Shadforth, H. T.
661 ; M. C. 661
Shadwell, E.D.443;
Lieut. J. 211
Shafto, G. 427
Shaketpear, L. 328
Shannon, £. V. 86
Shapland, C. £. 548
Sharmau, N. P. 318
Sharpe, J. 321 ; M.
427; M. L. 818
Shaw, Capt. 561; E.
R. 814; L H.
816; J. 880, 566;
Sir J. C. K. 186
Shelley, T. M. 428
Shepherd, A. 108;
^ 444
Sheppazd, H. W.
428; T. H. 681
Sherlock, Mrs. 818
Sherson, Lady A.
84
Sherwood, L. 86
ShiUingford, L. 442
Shillito, L. 827
Shipton, J. 688
Shittler, W. R. 661
Shore, M. C. 488|
W. H. 821
Short, L. 88
Shuekburg, Mn, H.
818
Shuckburghy W. P.
Shuter, J. A. 688
Sham, F. 817, 425
Shate, N. H. 87
Shatte, K. 680
Sibley, £. A. 828
Sibthorp, lira. W.
659
Siddall, O. D. 88
SiUery, C. F. 426
Silver, J. B. 825
Silvertop, Heo. Mrs.
825
Simeon, J. Lady,
441 i Lady, 818
Simmons, C. 101 ;
J. A. 104
Simmt, W. 218
Simon, M. 440
Simons, Mn. W.' B.
659
Siropkinion, Mrs. J.
M.544
Simpson, B. 87 ;
Capu C. R. 680;
£. 686; J. 4U,
559; J. G. 547;
Mig. W. H. 826 ;
Sir G. 445
Sims, Mrs. H. M.
812
Sinclair, A. £• 211
Singleton, C.F. 668;
M. J. H. 661;
W. 442
Siston, J. 684 1 W.
688
Sitwell, Bow. Lady,
688; £. D. 825;
L.318
Skftate, Mil. 681
Skelmersdale, Lord,
818
SkeltOB, J. 100,210
Skevington, £. 427
SUnner, H. 218;
Mrs. J. 812
Skiptoo, D. P. 818
Skipwith, Lady, 184
Slack, W. 102
SUde,A.F.A.428;
J. 97, 210
Sladen, J. B. 688
Sleigh, A. S. 425
Slesaor, £.J. 429
Slingsby, £. L. a
815
Smales, H. 444
Smallpeiet. D. 081
Smart, £. 212
Smith, A. W. 815 j
Capt C. F.54»i
D.87; D.M.8I61
D. a546; F.B.
108; H. 562; J.
684; L. £. 548;
Lieut.F. G. 442;
M, 108; M. J.
828; M. Lady,
828; Misa, 824;
Mn.F.548;Mrt.
J. 660; Mrs. J.
H. 185 1 Mrt. N.
822; S. 564; S.
B. 825; 8. H.
668; W.681; W.
H. 186, 212
Smith-NoUl, W. J.
815
Smyrk, Mn. C. F,
185
Smythe, Dow. Ladty,
880; Mft.600
Snelly ComuL W,
211
linody, X M. 48S
Snow, H. 426
SoiOMS, U. 5|t
Soane. G. 218
Sola. F. 442
Solly, Mrs. £. 544
Soluu, F. G. 826
Somerset, Lady C.
106; Mrs. P. 428
Somenrille, Dr. W.
214;Mn.S.659;
Righr Hon. Sir
W. M. 661
Somhoe, Mrs. H*
812
Sortain, J. 824
Soathampton, Ladj
H,682
Sonthoomb, Mn.
217
SouthgmtOj Mr. 212
S<kithwdl, . M. B.
Soworby, H. 814
SpMk, F. A. 188
Sparkea, M. 186
Spenee, Lieat^CoL
Sponisor, C. L. E.
189; £. C. 547;
F. LC. 189; W.
547 .
Sperling, A. G. 661
Spioer, Mrs. 544 s
MrkN.185|Mrt.
W. W.84
Spooner» Mn. 827
Sprigg^ H. 488
Spry, A. F. 825|
-M.217
SpnigiMai jr. A* 426
8q«fa% £. F, 87
Staflbrd, J. 546
Stninferd, 6. 98
Stainlbrth, O. 108
StaUibrata, J. 562
Sumford, F. 86; J.
W. 664; M.566:
Stattitr.Biod«,F.8f
Stauifortb, Mia. W.
Stanley, Lady B.
548; r.C.428
StepylCon, Mn. B»
C. 184
Starr, Capt S. H.
186
Staana, L 816
StobMnsb B. 815
Stedman, L. 85
Sleodnuui, B. A«87
vtooiOf Capt F. 8*
545; B. 561, 681
•St^mtte, Dr. H.
187
Stents S. 681
Sttpheoaon, F. 688 1
Lady, 184
Index to Names.
II
Sicveni, M. E. 546
Slevenson.J. L. 85i
M. M. 545 ! S. A.
Stewart, Cant. C. T.
51(1; C. k SIS;
1). 99: J. 210;
W. F.616
Rlickiicy, H.SI5
Siicriienian, U. I.
Still, C«p[.J.i:.427
Slillwcll, J. IU4
Siirliug, C»pt. J. F.
Sumpner, J. 318
Siillivin,J. S. GSI
SundtTland, M. SGO
Surleo, A. E. 084
SuKse, BnrOD dc Is,
439
Sulcr. A. I). 317
Su(hi.'Tla.id,Mrt.W.
P. 185
SultoD, K. 6SS ; G.
E.<i(i4i J'. 213
Swnbv, Mn. O. 185
Sonnn, C. S. 540 ;
Mn. It. 312
Snnntlun, J. 215
Switmaii, F. G81
Thompioii, B. B.
683 i C. 323 i £.
424 j E. E. 565;
K. U. 18ti| H.
684; J. H. S4»,
Mrt. 544; Mn.
A. 218; Hn. G.
312;Mri.R.423;
T.330; T.A.85;
W. 189
ThniniaD,E.C.lM;
J. A. 448; M.J.
Thorn, L. 314
Thomhill, E. 88
)ft, Min,
StoltcrColil, 11. 88
Stone, a. E. ^64;
J. M
Sloprotd. Maj. 329
Htori'j,W.J.C. 106
Talbnt, Han. Col.
548; J. G. 316;
Mrs. R. 83; W.
\V, .139
Tiilfurd, M. E. 547
Stnt)'. R. 323
Storv-Maskclyn, 1
M'. I(. R. 6U2
Tancn
I, M. I
T>3
, H.W
330
■, II. 212
Tarlton. T. H. 425
Tatkcr. II. GU2
Talc, C. lUI; J.
32li; Mrt. C. 11.
SloTcll, II. M. 428
Slnnr. \V. 326
Slraillinii, C. S(l
Sirafllrld, A. 314
Siralluid. C'ti'ss at,
(ililJ; Kai'lcf, 105
Slrrtiiftways, K. S.
56:!
SircatfL-ild, Mm. H.
I), 423; W. 97
Streatficld, E. W.
¥!»
StriTt. M. 427
Struilicr, A. 214;
-M. K. 517
SiriiYiT. K. A. +2(!
Stuarl.Cipt.H. 1(16;
C<}\. (i. 104; H.
127; Mrt. C. F.
: Mrs. W. 5 14
Tatl»i
, Mr>. R. R.
Bvlur, CipL II. W.
ill5;E. 101,317;
1'. E. 441; J.
Tciiiijfian, A. 65
TiTr)-,J. 515
Tescliemaki't. II. H.
Stliri.'p, L. S
Stun, Cnpt. H. R,
CMl; F. M. H.
(iKO
Sudlns, A. 186; J.
A. 18(1
Suudiin, Mr^ V. 659
.Simmer, A. II- 86;
Mr^ J. M. 543
Tlired, E. R. 189
Tlii-obald, A. 54«
Tlii>niB«,A.G. 217;
E. 410; L. A.
314; Mn. F. W.
TkUw
Trrmi
Treina
Lad
Treori
TreroT
439
Thornton, A.J.JlSi
S. W. 6S(J
TlionitoD, E. 8S
Thoipe.J. 213; R.
O. T. 316
Thrasby, £. h. 185
Tlmml^, J. H. 10*
Tli>ir>fic)d, H. 565
Tilibits,M.315!Mra.
J. 423; R. 315
Tickcll, MiJ. H. S.
682
Tkhe, J. A. L. S7 )
Lady K. 84
Tilburj-, C. 1S»
Timbnll, CipU C.
W. 1U3
Timm, J. 684
Unson, M. 87
Tofiy.Mr*.G.J.fi43
Todd, M. E. SIS,
54(1
Tulcliet, II. 1. 547
Toll, Mr>.H.L. 059
Tollcmachc, Lad;
E. 659
Toller, 3. 101
I'oiiiliici, A. M. 441
Tomlin, S. Y. 662
Tone, M. £, 12S
1'anirii, A. 443
Toogood, O. 549
Toone, J. 333
Toor(y.E.428; E.
G. 428
Torr, T. B. 315
Totren*, J. S. 105
Toumelle, A. do U,
Tovey, E.J. 817
Towle, J. 99t W,
H. 323
Tovniend, L. M.
545; S. F. A. 18S
Townith«id,C.J.54«
Toicr, F. 188
Tr*fiard,LadTA.d*
83,543
103
Tuckei
S. V
Tufnel
J.5^
Tuke,
Mn
Tulloc
Tulloh
Tully,
II.
V.J
Turtor
TuKor
V.S
Twcdd
Twvtd
Tveml
T-igg,
Tylden
Tyntc,
44U
Uoder
Uitelt.
Uiithk
Vphui
Upplel
I). I
1K6
Uiher,
U It Icy
«4S
Vallin
Vande
sag
Tardo
Index to Names.
713
Varley, W. 661
Vatimesnil, M. 685
Vaughan, E. S. 429,
545, 560; J. M.
425
Vauvert, Mons de B.
de, 99
Vavasour,M.W,186
Vavasseur, F. 439
Vaux, E. 104
Veale, P. C. 106
Venn,Mrs. E.S.659
Vernon, Hon. Mrs.
G. 184; Lady II.
185; Mrs. D. V.
543
Vesev, lion. Mrs. A.
218
Vicars, Mrs. W. H.
313
Vickcrs, T. E. 86
Vigne, J. M. 315;
T. A. 315
Villiers, Hon. Lady
A. 318
Vincent, B. E. 664
Virtue, F. A. 316
Vivian, Hon. M. C.
M. 664
Vulliamy,II.E.323
Waddell, A. 186
"Waddington, S, A.
187; S. E. 186
Wadham, E. 5^6
Wait, A. A. W. 425
Wake, H. C. 318
Waldram,W.N.3I7
Waldron, H. 548
Walker, A. E. M.
188; C. A. 424;
C. G. 425 ; C. H.
429; G.214; H.
106; H. C. 314;
Hon. Ladv, 544;
J. 548; J.B.563;
L. C. 547 ; Mrs.
185; R. H. 88;
W. 438
Wall, E. 562
Wallace, M. 562
Waller. Dr. E. 88;
G.546
Wallis, J. J. 316
Walli8ford,F.D.661
Walmesley, J. 325
Wahnisley, Mrs. H,
184
Walter, H. 186
Walton, C. B. 426 ;
F. I. 314; Mrs.
84
Wandesforde, Hon.
C. II. U. 0.8.684
Warburton, J. 680
Warcup,T.C.E.209
GzyT. Mag. Vol.
Ward, E. F. A. 86 ;
1.214; Lt.-Col.
J. 566; Mrs. E.
M. 185; T. M.
188; T. P. 104;
W. F. 438
Warde, E. 212
Warden, G. W. 218
Ware, C. 88, 317;
Mrs. H. J. 659
Warlters, M. 429
Wannoll, E. E. 314
Warre, J. A. 686
Warren, A. M. 546 ;
C. K.662; L. 86 ;
R.663;T.R. 187
Warry, G. D. 662
Waterhouse, W. H.
661
Waters, E. 189
Watkins, M. M. 683
Watney, D. 429
Watson, A. 106;
Capt. R. B. 217;
E.330;E.J.439;
F. 316; J. 84;
W. 186, 217; W.
G. 438
Watson - Taylor,
Lady C. 185
Watt,A.315; J.322
Watts, E. H. 314;
J. 545 ; L. L. 547
Wauchope, H. E. F.
429
Waugh, Mrs. E. 544
Wavell, Maj.-Gen.
217
Way, L. J. 546 ; M.
1.546
Waylen, C. 314
Way mouth, C. 661
Weale, M. 425
Wedgwood, Lt.-Col.
68 i
Wedlake, K. I. 86
Weeke8,W.H.C.548
Webb, Capt. D. P.
187; Hod. Mrs.
F. 312; M. 442.
Webster, B.D. 329;
J. 440; Mrs. 330;
Mrs. T. 424
Welby, A. 429
Welch, Capt. E. 547
Weller, L. L. 315
Wellington, S. 4J6
Wells, C. F. 568;
D. 214; H.C. B.
315; L. K. 218;
S. S. 446 ; T. F.
26
Welsh, R. A. 425
Wemyss, Lt.-Gen.
324
CCIX.
Wenlock, Lady, 660
Went, M. E. 661
Wentworth, Lady II.
423
West, Capt. Hon. W.
E. S. 317; E.
681; H. 85; Lady
A. D. S. 646;
Mrs. E. 215 ; R.
565 ; T. 547
Westmoreland,
C'tessof, 543; R.
519
Weston, H. 218 ;
Maj. G. 663
Whalley, G. B. 561 ;
Mrs. E. 562
Wharton, M. B. D.
101
Wheble, Lady C.
423
Wheeler, W. 425
Wheeley, C. S. 661
Wheelhouse, C. 664
Wheldon,H. H.445
Whetham, S. 216
Whichelo,H.M.426
Whistler, J. 100
White, A. 317; E.
L. E.84; J. 102;
L. 441; M. 315;
Mrs. L. 184; Mrs.
L. B. 313 ; M. A.
88; R. 546; S.
683; T.J. 546
Whitehead, J. 684
Whitehouse, £. M.
Whiteley, G. 562
Whiteman, A. J.3I4
Whiteside, A. C. 88
Whiteway, S. 547
Whitliug, C. C. 662
Whitlocl^ Mrs. G.
S 544
Whitmarsh, J. 105
Whittaker, G.L. E.
188
Whitun,Mr8.J.423
Whittell. Mrs. J. W.
660
Whitter, W. W. 86
Whittle, E. H.427;
M. 325
Wliitty, A. 664
Whyte, C. M. 684
Wickham,H.J. 315
Wicklow,C.F. C'tess
of, 217
Widdicombe, Mrs.
312
Widdrington, A. L.
684
Wigan. Mrs. F. 544
Wiggle8worth,£.662
Wightman, W. A.
189
Wigraro, Mrs. J. R.
660; Mrs. M. 660
Wilbraham, Mrs. R.
W. 428
Wilcock, H. 546
Wild, H. 85; J. 87;
L. 561; W. T.
679
Wildash, J 317
Wilde, Lt. E. 217
Wilford, E. 682
Wilkinson, A. E.
186; A.M. 546;
C. 186; E. 661;
E.H.85;Lt.-Col.
H. G. 817; Lt-
Col. F. G. 549;
P. 563; P. S. 188
Willes, E. M. 546
Willett,C. W. 429
Williams, C.R. 681;
E. 565 ; E. H. L.
325; H. E. T.
427; J. 101, 186,
827;J.R.662;M.
188;Mr8. L.424;
Mrs. W. F. 84;
S. 86, 684 ; S. A.
439
Willis, Lt-Col. F.
A. 429
Willock, C. F. 86;
Lady, 684
Willoughby, Capt.
£. 326 ; Mrs. £.
84
Wills, C. R. 425
Willshire, C. S.547
Wilmot, M. A. F.
428; P.M. 816
Wilson, Dr. R. 329 ;
£.425;Lady,212;
Mrs. F. M.423;
Mrs. G. 424; Mrs.
J. J. 84; Mr8.W.
318, 423
Wilton, A. 425 ; W.
681
Winder, R. C. 85
Windle, Mrs. A. 423
Wingate, Mrs. 428
Winterbotham, Mrs.
L. W. 660
Winthrop,Mr8.G.88
Wintle, J. b^Q
WintOD, G. de, 213
Wintour, Mrs. C. N.
812
Winwood, P. A. 549
Wippell, R. 85
Wire, Mr. Aid. 684
Witliington, CapL
186
4 Q
714
Topographical Index.
Wix, R. H. E. 88
Wodehouse, Lady,
5(3
Wood, A. 213; A.
M. 647; A. W.
212;Capt.H.106;
C. 818; E.:681;
F.I. 426; H. 87,
661 ; J. G. 315;
R. H. 86 ; R. M.
442; S. 681
Woodburn, Maj.-
Gen. A. 680
Woodcock, M. 661
Wood {irate, Mrs. G.
S. 424
Woodman, J. 663
Woodruff, E. 217
Woodward, A. 663;
F. 679 ; H. 428 ;
L. M. 426 ; P. A.
330
Woolley, O. 103 ;
Wootton, G.444
Workman, M. 103
Worsley, E. 323 ; II.
437; P. W. 426
Worthinpfton, Capt.
J. Y. 645; M. E.
649
Wortley, Hon. Mrs.
J. S. 543
Wranghain, D. 217
Wren, A. 213
Wrench, J. G. 210
Wrey. A. H. 446;
Mrs. B. W. T. 84
Wright, A. C. 661 ;
C. C. O. T. 428 ;
J. E. 186; J.W
Z.88;Mrs. B.660
Wrottesley, J. Dow.
Lady, 663
Wyatt, Miss, 217;
Mn. A. 544; Mrn.
R.H.543 ; W. 104
Wyld, Capt. B. 560
Wylde, C.448; E.
S.439
Wylie, J. L. 186
Wyllie. Mrs. R. 84
Wynch, J. W. 428
Wyndham, Mrs. A.
312;Hon. P. 549,
661 ; Gen. Sir H.
328
Wynne, Capt. C. B.
187; G. H. 546;
Mrs. C. J. 185 : S.
101; W. W. 559
Wynniatt. R. 659
Wvon, M. 103
Yate, C. 679
Yates, E. 41^2
Yearsley, W. 439
YelvertoD, Hon. A.
M. 189;
Mrs. W. 83
Yeo, Mrs. A.
Yeoman, Lai
B. 446
Yetta, J. L. 4
Yolland.Mrs.'
Yonge, H. 3
A. 427
Yorke.LadyE
Youldon, A. I
Young, A. S
E.4-29;£.]
II. A. 663:
186: J. F
Airs. (i. .^
S. S. 86 ; ^
Younger, Mr
Younghusban
106; Mr?.
Zychlinski.L
de Z. 662
TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
I :
J .
i ■
)
Africa ; Cherchell, 245 ; Constantine, 245;
Egypt, 626; Thebes, 142.
America: JJrozil, 310; Fredericton, 148;
Ottawa, 1 17.
Asia: Brisbane, 147; Colombo, 148; Syria,
249.
Europe: Aix-la-Chapelle, 147; Amiens,
46h G34; Aiijuu, 623; Berlin, 147;
Bordeaux, 355; lioiilogne, 143, 463;
Burgundy, 465 ; Cab:irn, 358 ; Calais,
233; Castile, 418; Cheapin^'havcn, 119,
597 ; Cherbourg, 40, 222, 452 ; Cologne,
575 ; Constantinople, 147 ; Dresden,
151; Dunkirk, 2, 110; Kstampos. 526;
France, 159, 250, 364, 406, 453, 624;
Franclort, 3(i5 ; Geneva, 364; Germany,
671; Grenoble, 465; Guienne, 620;
Hamburg, 13, 147; Hnrfleur,234 ; Ice-
land, 5i)8 ; Italy, 250, 481; Lary, 603;
Lille, 166; Lyons, 577; Maine, 623;
Mayence, 576 ; MouUns, 476 ; Navarre,
418; Normandy. 248; Nuremberg, 151,
227; Orleans, 526; Paris, 623; I'uy-
normancl, 35!) ; Poitou, 252, 623 ;
Rhein)s, 623; Hign, 17; Rions, 359;
Unino, 376, 51 f, 535, 570; Roquefort,
357; Rotterdam, 626; Jiussia, 142;
Sweden, 449; Switzerland, 585 ; Toulon,
603; Toulouse, 68; Touruine, 623;
Treves 575; Troycs, 169; Turkey, 13;
Upsala, 596; Wanj;tn, 5S.S; Warsaw,
13
Anf(tt'8ca: Beauma^i^!, IKS, lf)L II»5, 620;
Llant'achraelli, 4h9 ; PeuriMM.. 188,197
Bedfordshire: Stevington, 361
Berkshire: Readinj^ Abb«y, 51 ; W
ford, 143; Windsor, IG, 252
Buckinghamihire : Aylesbury, 396 ;
ingham, 3115; Eton, 620 ; Litll
low, 617; Newport Pagnell, 3115 ;
396
Cambridgcthire : Canibrid|^y 45
123, 147, 407. 484, 620; YAm
Ely. 147. 464 ; Ely Cathedral, 5
Carmarthenshire: Carmarthen, 494
Carnarvonshire: Aber, 4{)2 ; Uangc
492, 500, 501 : Caernarron. 4bi
Conway. 488, 494, 620 ; Llandejj
501 ; Penmaen, 49 1 ; Snowdon.
Cheshire: tieeston, 71 ; Cheater, i;
Cornwall: Pcndennis Caatle, 6 '>9 •
lumb, 147 " '
Denbighshire: Chirk, 494; Holi
Ruthin, 67 ; Wrexham, 494
Derbyshire : Scarcliflf, 289 ; S teeth
308; Whitwell, 289
Devonshire : Bickleigh, 629 : Bla
627 ; Dartmoor, 535 ; Kxeter, 6
sam. 628 ; Modbury, 629 ; Spj
627; Tavistock, 639; Torr, 62i
rington, 617
Dorsetshire : Dorchester, 66, 620 ;
borne, 29, 145
Durham : Durham, 51,1 44, 1I6, 1 4
Gateshead, 43 ; Lancheatcr, 518
Esses: Colchester. 626; Tilbui
Tiltcy Abbey. 52*; Walthain
45
^
Topograpfn^al Index.
715
Flintshire : Flint, 494 ; Hawarden, 494 ;
Rhuddlan, 494
Glamor gau shire : Bonvilstone, 145 ; Caer-
philly, 494; Cardiff, 145; Ewenny, 66;
Margam, 66; Rheola Park, 394 ; Swan-
sea, 494
Gloucestershire : Ampney St. Mary, 266 ;
Ashel worth, 350 ; Bedminster, 394 ;
Berkeley, 2; Berkeley Caitle, 278, 337,
344 ; Beverston, 263, 344, 346 ; Bishop's
Cleeve, 283; Bourton-on-the-Water,621;
Bristol, 147 ; Calcot, 263, 347 ; Camp-
den, 350 ; Church Stanway House, 353 ;
Cirencester, 2, 264. 266, 352; Coaley,
352 ; Crumhale, 344 ; Culverden, 344 ;
Dean Forest, 279 ; Deerhurst, 2, 262,
347, 622 ; Down Amney House, 352 ;
Dursley, 263, 350; Dyrham, 264; Fair-
ford, 2, 266 ; Frocester, 263 ; Goodrich,
2; Gloucester, 2, 256, 260, 267, 335, 339,
350, 352, 417, 617; Hales, 6214 HiRh-
nam Court, 266 ; Horton, 336, 353 ;
Iron Acton, 361 ; Leckhampton, 351 ;
Leonard Stanley, 263 ; Little Sodbury,
353 ; Llantony Abbey, 350 ; Meysey
Hampton, 266 ; Newent, 351 ; Nibley,
351 ; llodmarton,351 ; Ruardean, 344,
351 ; St. Briavel's, 2 ; St. Briavel's
Castle, 338 ; Sedbury, 280 ; Slym-
bridge, 263 ; Southam House, 353 ;
South Comey, 353 ; Standish, 347 ;
Stanley Pontlarge, 347; Stroud, 351;
Sudelev, 2 ; Sudeley Castle, 282, 351 ;
Tetbnry, 347 ; Tewkesbury, 2, 66, 261 ;
Thornliury, 2, 278 ; Thornbury Castle,
353 ; Ulfybury, 262 ; Wanswell Court,
278, 347 ; Whitenhurst, 344 ; Winch-
comb, 283 ; Winchcombe, 344 ; Yate,
3^3, 344
Hampshire : Carisbrooke, 453 ; Christ
Church, 51 ; Isle of Wight, 872, 451,
453; Netley Abbey, 110, 147; Ports-
mouth, 453 ; Winchester, 144
Ilereforthhire : Goodrich, 281, 467; Here-
ford, 147 ; Leominster, 51, 260
Hertfordshire: Therfield, 148; Verulam, 149
Huntingdonshire: Brington, 145
Kent: Alkham, 289; Barfreston, 289;
Canterbury, 142, 409, 480; Cobham
Hall, 141 ; Coldred, 289; Cuxton, 141 ;
Dandcley, 241; Deptford, 14; Dover,
2, 147, 222, 285, 394, 624; Elmley,
214; Feversham, 238 ; Greenwich, 378 ;
Ilarty, 244; Leysdown, 244; Lulling-
stone, 142; Lyminge, 479; Meopham
Court, 145 ; Minster, 238 ; Neats Court,
211 ; Queenborougli, 237 ; Sheemess, 16,
2;J8; Sheppey, 237; S ibberts, wold, 289 ;
Tenterden, 43;; Thanet, 394, 533 ; War-
den, 21-4
Lancashire : Furness Abbey, 398 ; Knows-
Icy, 123; Littleborough, 173, Liver-
pool, 398 ; Manchester, 147, 176 ; More,
624; Preston, 29: Rochdale, 172;
Stubley, 172
Leicestershire: Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 631;
Gilmorton, 510 ; Higham Ferrars, 361 ;
Kibworth, 394, 510; Kirby Bellars, 361 ;
Leicester, 151, 398, 510, 631; Melton
Mowbray, 29; Owston, 510; Rothley,
361; Soar Mill, 398; Thorpe Arnold,
361
Lincolnshire : Little Cawtborpe, 145 ; Lin-
coln, 289, 459, 640; South Carlton, 146
Merionethshire : Harlech, 620 ; Plas-Ne-
wydd, 499
Middlesex: Aldersgate, 535; Canonbury,
624; Fulham, 143; Hackney, 651;
Hammersmith, 146; Highgate, 14;
Hyde-park, 41; Islington, 624; Lon-
don, 14, 68, 170, 176, 223, 229, 253,
380, 412, 624, 625; Newgate, 140;
Paddington, 394 ; Pentonville, 146 ;
Pinner, 143; Smithfield, 51; Sunbury,
394; Westminster, 33, 146, 160, 168,
293, 464, 623 ; Whitehall, 385
Monmouthshire: Chepstow, 284, 495 ; Coed
Ithel, 281>; Newport, 145; Tintern, 284
Norfolk: Cley-next-the-Sea, 68,71; King's
Lynn, 258; Norwich, 5 1, 258 ; Shelton,
532; Snettisham, 72; Stow Bardolph,
624; Waybourne, 66, 68; Wymond-
ham, 66
Northamptonshire: Bamack, 510; Catesby,
510; Fotheringhay, 67; Horton, 510;
Islip, 510; Mears Ashby, 146; Naseby,
260; Northampton, 510, 511; Oundle,
631; Peterborough, 147, 510; Raunds,
510; Sutton Basset, 510; Stoke Bru-
enie, 510; Tiffield, 510 ; Weedon, 510 ;
Wellingborough, 510
Northumberland: Benwell, 248; Borrow-
ton, 292; Brinkburn, 147; Corbridge,
518; H«xham, 154, 399, 518; High
Rochester, 251 ; Otterburn, 518; New-
castle, 43, 246, 248, 250, 291, 399, 518»
632; Warden, 402
Nottinghamshire: Welbeck Abbey, 289;
Worksop, 289, 308
Oj^ordshire: Hockmorton, 625; Oxford,
122, 145, 146, 147, 170, 612, 619, 656 ;
Westwell, 336
Pembrokeshire : Monnington, 145 ; St. Da-
vid's, 67 ; St. Dogmael, 493
Radnorshire : Disserth, 394
Rutlandshire: Ketton, 510; Manton, 118;
Preston, 118; Ridlington, 118 Seaton,
118; Stoke, Dry, 118; Uppingham, 510,
631; Wardley, 118
Salop : Acton Burnell, 2 ; Atcbam, 392 ;
Battlefield, 2 ; Benthall-hall, 387 ; Bit-
terley, 334; Bridgnorth, 394; Bosco-
bell, 2, 388 ; Broseley, 471 ; Buildwas,
471 ; Buildwas Abbey, 2, 387 ; Caer
Caradoc, 468; Church Stretton, 467;
Clee Hills, 473; Coalbrook-dale, 471;
Dawley, 470: Haughmond Abbey, 2;
Hopton,474; Lilleshall, 2, 388; Lililey,
2; Linley-hall, 389; Ludlow, 2, 388,
515; Lydbury, 334; Old Park, 475;
716
Topographical Index.
Powis Castle, 388 ; Shelve, 2 ; Shelve-
liill, 389; ShifTnal, 2, 388, 389; Slirewa-
bury, 2. 143, 171,3«fi; Stokesay Castle,
2, 388; Strctton-in-the-Dale, 469;
Tong, 2, 388; ^Venlock, 2; Wenlock
Abbey, 387 ; White Ladies, 2 ; Wroxe-
ter, 2, 143,284, 390.
Somersetshire i A8hiiigton,414; Bath, 264;
Bradford, 262; Brockley Combe, 509;
Bucklaiid, 503; Cadbury Camp, 501- ;
Chelvey, 508; Clapton, 507; Clevtdon,
502; Clevcdon Court, 504; Congres-
bury, 509; Duuhter, 66; Nailsea, 508;
Nailsea Court, 507 ; Porlbury, 506 ; Por-
tishead, 506; South Brent, 414; Tick-
enham, 505 ; Walton, 506 ; Wellow,
262; Wells, 43, 464, 624; Westou, 506,
Wookey, 265; Wrington, 509; Yatton,
509.
Staffordshire: Ilamstall, 632; Lichfield,
1 17, 409, 631.
Suffolk: Healings, Great, 635; Bury St.
Kdmund's, 63; Grundishurgh, 637;
Iladleigh, 135, 618; Hintlesham Priory,
143; Playfoni-hall, 635 ; Seckford-hall,
635 ; Woodbridge, 634.
Surrey: Cliipstfad, 15 h Croydon, 146;
Giitton, 15^; Lambeth, 522; Merstham,
625; lleigate, 154, 155, 156; W^ootton,
624.
Sussex: Aldrington, 537, 538; Arundel,
67, 537 ; Bodiaiii Castle, 537 ; Chiches-
ter. 145, 147. 165, 258; Danny, 638;
Ditchling, 637; Hastings, 414; Herst-
monceux Castle, 404 ; Keymcr, 638 ;
Lewes, 538, 637; Pevensey, 403; Ro-
bertsbridge Abbey, 537; Rustington,
145; Rye, 452; Tarring, West, 579;
Westh.im, 403; Winchelsea, 258 ; Uck-
field, 537.
Warwickshire: Baginton, 625; Ilawkt-
bury, 145.
WilUhire: Box, 143; Eddingloii, 1{
Malmesbur7,260; North Wrudull,!
Salisbury, 464.
Worcestershire: Bewdley, 110; C
Honeybonm, 145; Euthuiit S; H
cester, 42, 64, 139, 147, 157, 15t.
Yorkshire: Beverley, 21, 29; Bon^
bridge, 418; Doncatter, 622; F«
tains Abbey, 292 1 Gristhorpc, i
Halifax, 145. 146, 147 ; UowdcB, i
Hull, 29; Ingmanthorp, SI ; Laaith
290; Norttiii Conyeri. 30; Pontcfi
29, 292 ; Ripley Caatle. 30; RipoB.2
Roche Abbey, 290, 308 1 Seubom
29, 417 i Selby, 639 ; Sherburat. I
Steeton-ha11,73: Swale.ha]l,32; Thi
Salvin, 290 ; Whitby Abbey, 20; 7
20, 29, 30, 32, 222, 292, 385, 401, ;
610.
Scotland: Auch1euchriea> 12 r Aod
maimie,403 ; Bannockbum, 518 ; Ch
connon, 153; Catrail, 291; Cam
trees. 149; Edinburgli. 369, 401;
gin, 624; Forfarshire, 153,403; 0
gow, 147: Uaddo, 12; Holyrood, 4
Lanarkshire, 143; Laws, 152; L
364 ; MetliTen, 417 ; Milton, 408 ; (
ney, 403; Roieiaie, 402 ; Stirling J
Ireland: Boyne, 17; Bray, 147| Qi
517; Cashel, 376, 517; C\mn^ \
Clonmel, 517; Connaogbt, 114; G
tarf,376; Daneifort, 516 ; DerryMM
517; Dublin, 147, 149, S78; Si
112: Fertagh, 397; HolyeiMi, I
Jerpoint Abbey, 397 i KiloooBil, I
Kilkenny, 149, 258, 396, 511^ f
Kihnore, 146; Kineora, 374; Ldv
374; Limerick, 112, 149; LunMn,!
Maniiter-nenagb, 112; Meacb, I
Munster, 1 14, 1 1 7 ; Thomond, II 7 1 1
Waierford, 378, 398, 418 1 Wol
378
if.
i'BINTKD UY M£;<3TIS. TAUKEB, COBKIIABEET, OXTOBD.
M
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The Latin Yulgate, with Portuguese, ]
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[p? for the wants of their countrymen at home.
The intrinsic value of this work is great ; whether we consider the translation, the notea, the
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indication of the sentiments of the translators in the mode in which they render a passage ; and
1^ this they were able to do the more easily from the plan which they adopted of introducing lit^
~ Few English versions (if any) exhibit greater and more systematic editorial care ; the object of
jr the godly men who executed it, was evidently to afford all the instruction in the truth and word
^ of God to their countrymen, then in the midst of the bitter pressure from the Marian PenacntioiL
r Mr. Scrivener has minutely examined the critical value of this translation of the Nxw TBWtk'
KENT : the authors of which ** were intimately versed in the Scriptures, and profoundly imbued
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English language, with the single exception of our Authorised Bible."
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M SAMUEL BA.GSTER AND SONS, 15, PATERNOSTER ROW. 23
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35 ** Baojster's" bindinsjs,
Biblia Ecclesiae Polyglotta— the Proper Lessons
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i English, arranged in parallel columns. Dedicated by permission to the late
Archbishop of Canterbury,
The Scriptures which are here selected are (besides the whole Book of
r; Psalms) the portions with which so many are familiar from their recurrence
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S: SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 15, PATERNOSTER ROW. 25
E
PSALTERS.
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ATLASES.
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Two vols., large 8vo., price 25,'-
The Proper Names of the Old Testax
expounded and critically illustrated. Upwards of Sizi
of Persons and Places are here carefiilly discriminated,
the occurrences of each is given. By the Rev. A. Jonei
This work it a DictionuT of the Xamea ocourrinf in the Old Taatunoi
Alphabetical order.
The Threo Thoaaand Sii Hundred Name* of which thii Onomaatioon i
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Adapted to bind up with Bibles.
K SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 15. PATERNOSTER ROW. 27
\
Ifl
lunday Afternoon; or, Seventy-two Scripture Pictures,
with one hundred and thirteen descriptive Poems, and a series of 3500
Questions for Family instruction. Second edition. Small octavo, price 8/6
Pigents and Teachers will find this work an invaluable help. The Poems contain a rich store of
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I pulous exactness,— the visits and mcessant interruptions attracted by his great reputation and
n kindliness. — we must feel altogether astonished at the results of such untiring activity. To
conceive tne possibility of all this labour, it must be remembered that Lavater observed a stnctness
in the arrangement of his time bordering on a superstitious regard for order. The employment
' of every hour, nay almost of every minute, was laid down by him. * * The conversation
' of Lavater was always animated and engaging. In society his constant desire to please was
^ associated with judgment and delicate tact. His apprehension of character was marked by rare '
sagacity, and he Lad uncommon ability in discriminating the means best fitted for producing the
impression lie desired. Heavenly-mindedness and deep sympathies animated his very being, and
p formed the peculiar grace of his character. His expressions, when most exalted, were yet full
of sweetness. He was ever fully persuaded of the truth of all he uttered, and his desire to con-
vince others was so lively and pressingly eamesti that incredulity itself seemed without power to
resist him."— £iog, Unicer. Tom. xxiii
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The Lord s Prayer in 800 Specimens of Languages. In a
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St. Augustine's Life and Labours. By Dr. Philip Schaaf.
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Prolegomena in Biblia Polyglotta: Auctore Samuele Lee.
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28 SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS. 15, PATERNOSTER
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